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I 


A  CYCLOPEDIA 


CANADIAN    BIOGRAPHY 


ROSE'S  NATIONAL  BIOGRAPHICAL  SERIES.     //. 


A     CYCLOPEDIA 


OF 


CANADIAN   BIOGRAPHY: 


BEING 


CHIEFLY  MEN  OF  THE   TIME. 


A   COLLECTION    OF   PERSONS   DISTINGUISHED   IN   PROFESSIONAL   AND 

POLITICAL  LIFE  ;  LEADERS  IN  THE  COMMERCE  AND  INDUSTRY 

OF  CANADA,   AND   SUCCESSFUL  PIONEERS. 


EDITED  BY 

RQSK. 


ROSE    PUBLISHING    COMPANY. 

1888. 


Entered  according  to  the  Act  of  Parliament  of 
Canada,  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  eighty-eight,  by  HUNTER,  ROSE 
&  Co.,  at  the  department  of  Agriculture. 


AND  BOUND  BT 

HDNTER,   ROSE    &  CO. 


ii£CTRG.s:C  VERSION 
AVAILABLE  ' 


PREFACE. 


IT  has  been  too  long  a  custom  to  regard  as  proper  subjects  for  biogra- 
phical literature  only  persons  who  have  figured  in  political  life.  In  preparing 
the  present  work,  any  man  or  woman  who  has,  in  any  conspicuous  way, 
contributed  to  the  moral,  intellectual,  industrial  or  political  growth  of  the 
country,  has  been  deemed  a  suitable  person  for  these  pages.  To  the  heroism 
and  uncomplaining  industry  of  the  men  who  hewed  out  homes  in  the  wilder- 
ness, and  little  by  little  overcame  the  obstacles  of  nature,  are  we  indebted 
now  for  our  thriving  cities,  and  for  our  wide  stretches  of  cultivated  lands ; 
and  to  omit  a  record  of  their  labors,  and  select  only  for  permanent  record 
the  deeds  of  those  who  came  upon  the  scenes  when  the  rugged  work  was 
done,  would  be  singularly  unjust.  We  have  had,  and  still  have  amongst  us, 
men  of  great  genius  in  engineering  skill,  and  in  mechanical  contrh  nee ;  and 
it  was  fitting  that  a  brief  record  of  their  lives,  and  what  they  accomplished 
for  the  community,  should  be  handed  down  in  the  history  of  our  common 
•  country.  The  same  may  be  said  of  men  prominent  in  every  branch  of  com- 
merce, of  our  notable  divines,  our  eminent  judges,  our  great  lawyers,  our 
talented  medical  men,  and  those  who  have  contributed  to  the  educational 
growth  of  the  country.  These  it  was  considered  were  worthy  of  place  side 
by  side  with  the  men  who  chose  political  careers,  and  have  won  more  or  less 
distinction  therein.  There  is  to  be  said  in  justification  of  all  these  records, 
that  even  the  history  of  the  man  in  an  obscure  village  is  a  portion  of  the 
history  of  the  country,  and  the  aggregate  record  of  "  Representative  Cana- 
dians "  may  be  regarded  in  a  young  country  like  Canada,  as  a  full  historical 
account,  in  every  sense,  for  the  period  covered  by  the  biographical  matter  in 
the  volume.  Men  are  forever  drifting*  down  the  slow  stream,  and  mor 


( 

Vs> 


x-<~-"  PREFACE. 

x" 

their  deeds:  like  themselves,  pass  into  oblivion ;  it  is  well  while  the  oppor- 
tunity is  at  hand  to  save  as  much  of  the  record  as  possible  for  posterity. 
The  labor,  the  time,  and  the  pains  spent  in  securing  data  for  the  sketches 
herein  contained  have  been  greater  than  would  be  believed ;  and  the  more  so 
since  accuracy  of  statement  of  factfand  the  chronological  order  of  incidents, 
have  been  so  rigidly  aimed  at.  Dates  and  facts  have  all  been  verified 
either  by  reference  to  the  best  published  authorities,  or  to  the  persons 
themselves.  For  the  most  part,  the  call  for  the  cooperation  of  the  public  in 
furnishing  data  for  the  records  has  been  cordially  responded  to.  As  for  the 
literary  portion  of  the  work,  no  pains  have  been  spared  to  make  that  equal 
to  the  other  features.  To  make  the  volume  complete  in  the  historically 
"  representative  "  sense,  memoirs  of  the  most  illustrious  of  the  dead  of  this 
country  will  be  found  in  its  pages.  The  enterprise  has  been  tedious, 
laborious  and  expensive;  but  if  it  will  supply  a  record  that  the  country 
should  not  let  die ;  if  it  preserves  the  names  of  worthy  men  and  women 
whose  deeds  deserve  to  be  remembered,  it  surely  will  have  well  repaid  the 
time,  the  anxiety,  and  the  pains  that  have  been  expended  upon  it.  A  work 
of  this  kind  could  not  be  else  than  tedious ;  and,  therefore,  since  its  com- 
ment :nent,  several  changes  have  taken  place :  some  of  the  persons  in  its 
pages  have  died ;  others  have  passed  from  one  office  to  another,  and  dropped 
from  public  places ;  but  with  these  latter  exceptions  and  some  other  minor 
ones/each  memoir,  it  is  believed,  will  be  found  to  be  an  accurate  record  up  to 

the  present  date. 

GEO.  MACLEAN  ROSE. 

TORONTO,  March,  1888. 


r  - 


INDEX 


A.dam,  G.  M.,  Toronto 


PAGE. 


759 

Adam,  L.  A.  S.,  Sheriff,  St.  Hyacinthe  , . . .  490 

Adams,  Aaron  Av  Coaticook 376 

Adams,  Hon.  Michael,  Newcastle 230 

Axlarus,  Rev.  Thomas,  M.  A.,  D.C.L.,  Len- 

noxville  . . . 403 

Aikins,  Hon.  James  Cox,  P.O.,  Lieut. -Gov- 
ernor, Winnipeg 609 


Aikins,  William  T.,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  Toronto. .  797 


Ci 


Uexander,  Rev.  Finlow,  M.R.C.S.,  L.S.A., 

Fredericton 300 

.  781 
.  483 


kllan,  Hon.  G.  W.,  D.C.L.,  Toronto  . 
Allard,  Joseph  Victor,  Berthierville . . . 
Mien,  Hon.  John  C.,  Fredericton. 261 


llison,  Charles  F.,  Sackville  ..............     50 

\llison,  Charles,  Yarmouth  ................  312 

Ulison,  David,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  Halifax  ......  719 

D  Jlnatt,  Rev.  F.  J.  B.,  D.D.,  Lennoxville..  497 
Davlward,S.,A.M.,  D.C.L.,  M.P.P.,St.  John  101 
T}  unherst,  Lord  ............................  513 

jy  Anderson,  Alexander,  Charlottetown  ........     54 

•p^nderson,  Captain  Edward  Brown,  Sarnia  .  .   179 
P  Angers,  Hon.  Auguste  Real,  Quebec  ____  242,  815 

^Angus,  Richard  Bladworth,  Montreal  .......  465 

de*>ntliff,  Rev.  J.  C.,  M.A.,  D.D.,  Montreal  251 
de  Vrchambault,  Urgel-Eugene,  Montreal  ......     36 

•j    Archibald,  Abram  Newcomb  ...............  211 

/Archibald,  Hon.  Sir  Adam  Geo.,  K.C.M.G., 
D®  .  D.C.L.,  P.C.,  Q.C.,  Halifax  ......  ........  164 

•Archibald,  Peter  S.,  Moncton  ..............  257 

,  John  S.,  Q.C.,  D.C.L.,  Montreal  526 
,  Hon.  John  Douglas,  Judge,  Cobourg  654 
-^Armstrong,  Hon.  James,  Q.C.,C.M.G.,  Sorel  325 

strong,    Rev.    W.    D.,    M.A.,    Ph.D., 
Ottawa  ..................................     49 

Rev.  Francois  Fortunat,  St.  John's.  586 

B 

Hon.  L.  F.  G.,  Judge,  Montreal  ____  192 

Rev.  E.  I.,  M.A.,   B.D.,  LL.D., 
Cobourg  ................  .366 


•^ 


PAGE 
Baillairge,  Chev.  C.  P.  F.,  M.S.,  Quebec. ...  166 

Baillairge,  Louis  de  G.,  Q.C.,  Quebec 252,  815 

Bain,  James  William,  M.P.,  St.  Polycarpe. .  603 

Ball,.  George,  Nicolet 769 

Baptist,  George,  Three  Rivers 771 

Barbeau,  Henri  Jacques,  Montreal 427 

Barclay,  Rev.  James,  M.A.,  Montreal 124 

Barclay,  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  Toronto 320 

Barker,  Frederic  Eustace,  M.A.,  D.C.L., 

Q.C.,  M.P.,  St.  John 207 

Barnard,  Edmund,  Montreal 710 

Barrett,  M.,  B. A. ,  M.D.,  Toronto 160 

Barry,  Denis,  B.C.L.,  Montreal 723 

Baudouin,  Philibert,  St.  John's 582 

Baxter,  Robert  Gordon,  M.D.,  Moncton. . . .  103 

Bayard,  William,  M.D.,  St.  John 23 

Bayly,  Richard,  B.  A, ,  Q.  C. ,  London 38 

Baynes,  William  Craig,  B.  A 371 

Beaton,  Alexander  H.,  M.D.,  OriUia 187 

Beaubien,  Hon.  Louis,  Montreal 631 

Beckwith,  A.  G.,  C.E.,  Fredericton 86 

Beckwith,  Hon.  John  Adolphus. 88 

Beek,  James  Scott,  Fredericton 218 

'Begg,  Alexander,  Dunbow  Ranch,  N.W.T..  3oO 
Begin,  Rev.  Louis  Nazaire,  D.D.,  Quebec. .   177 
Belanger,  Louis-Charles,  Sherbrooke.. .    .    . .   673 

Belanger,  Rev.  Frai^ois  Honore,  Quebec. .  274 

Bell,  Andrew  Wilson,  Caiieton  Pl-.ce 109 

Bell,  J,  H.,  M.A.,  M.P.R,  Sum*  rside. . . .  269 
Belleau,  Sir  Narcisse,  K.C.Mf^.,  Q.C., 

Quebec 347 

Benson,  Rev.  Manly,  Toronto 59 

Bentley,  Hon.  G.  W.  W.,  Kensington 259 

Bergeron,  J.  G.  H.,  B.C.L.,  M.P.,  Montreal  438 
Bernier,  Michael  Esdras,  M.P.,  St.  Hyacinthe  595 
Berryman,  Daniel  Edgar,  M.D.,  C.M., 

A.R.S.,  St.  John 268 

Berryman,  John,  M.D.,  M.P.P.,  St.  John..  674 

Berthelot,  Hon.  J.  A.,  Judge,  Montreal 43 

Bethune,  J.  L.,  M.D.C.M.,M.P.P.,Baddeck  285 

Bethune,  R.  H.,  Toronto  764 

Bingay,  Thomas  Van  Buskirk,  Yarmouth  550,  815 


V 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Binney,  Irwine  Whitty,  Moncton 42 

Binney,  Right  Rev.  Hibbert,  D.D 699 

Blackadar,  Hugh  William,  Halifax 706 

Black,  Charles  Allan,  M.D.,  Amherst 474 

Black,  J.  Burpee,  M.D.,   Windsor,  N.S 549 

Black,  Thomas  R  ,  M.P.P. ,  Amherst 733 

Black,  William  Tell,  Windsor 808 

Blair,  Frank  I.,  M.D.,  St.  Stephen 352 

Blair,  Hon.  A.  G.,  Fredericton 440 

Blake,  Hon.  E.,  P.O.,  Q.C.,  M.P.,  Toronto.  690 
Blanchet,  Hon.  Jean,  Q.C.,  M.P.P.,  Quebec  431 

Blanchet,  Hon.  Joseph  Goderic,  Quebec 107 

Boak,  Hon.  Robert,  Halifax 682 

Boire,  Louis  Henri  Napoleon,  Three  Rivers  430 

Boivin,  Charles  Alphonse,  St.  Hyacinthe 646 

Borden,  F.  W.,  B.A.,  M.D.,  M.P.,  Canning  317 

Boswell,  G.  M.  J.,  Judge,  Cobourg 131 

Botsford,  Hon.  Bliss,  Moncton 603 

Boulton,  Lieut-Col.  D'Arcy  E.,  Cobourg 769 

Bourgeois,  G.  A.,  M.D.,  C.M.,  Three  Rivers  766 
Bourgeois,  Hon.  Jean  Baptiste,  Three  Rivers  646 

Bourinot,  John  George,  LL.D.,  Ottawa 326 

Bowell,  Hon.  Mackenzie,  M.P.,  Belleville...  701 
Bowser,  Rev.  Alex.  Thomas,   B.D.,  Toronto  473 

Branchaud,   Moise,  Q.  C. ,  Beauharnois 104 

Bresse,  Hon.  Guillaume,  Quebec 583 

Bridges,  Henry  Seabury,  Fredericton 749 

Brock,  Major-General  Sir  Isaac,  K,B 113 

Brock,  Rev.  Isaac,  M. A.,  D.D.,  Halifax. ...  480 

Brodie,  Robert,  Quebec 374 

Bronson,  Erskine  Henry,  M.P.P.,  Ottawa. .  153 

Brooks,  Hon.  E.  T.,  Judge,  Sherbrooke 766 

Brown,  H.  B.,  Q.C.,  LL.M.,  Sherbrooke. . .  499 

Brown,  William . .  577 

Bruce,  Rev.  George,  B.A.,  St.  John 202 

Brymuer,  Douglas,  Ottawa 806 

Bryson,  Hon.  George,  Senr.,  Fort  Coulonge,.  470 

Buchanan,  Went  worth  James,  Montreal 744 

1  Duller,  Picnk,  M.D.,  Montreal 172 

Bullock,  Joseph,  St.  John 41 

Burland,  George  B.,   Montreal 441 

Burns,  Rev.  R  ibert  Ferner,  D.D.,Halifax  40,  815 

Burrill,  James,  1-armouth 716 

Burrill,  William,  Yarmouth 720 

Burwash,  Rev.  Nathaniel,    S.T.D.,  Cobourg    90 


Cabana,  Hubert  Charon,  Sherbrooke 602 

Cadman,  James,  C.E.,  Quebec 565 

Cairns,  George  Frederick,  Smith's  Falls 57 

Cairns,  Thomas,  Perth 57 

Call,  Robert  Randolph,  Newcastle 121 

Cameron,  Allan,  M.D.,  Collingwood 807 

Cameron,  Charles,  Collingwood 333 

Cameron,  Sir  Matthew,  Toronto 156 


PAGE 
Cameron,  Wm.,  M.P.P.,  Sutherland  River, 

Pictou 333 

Campbell,  F.  W.,  M.A.,  M.D.,  L.R.C.P., 

Montreal 321 

Campbell,  George  W.,  A.M.,  M.D.,  LL.D. .  205 

Campbell,  Hon.  Wm.,  Park  Corner  473 

Campbell,  Rev.  Kenneth  A. ,  Orillia 202 

Campbell,  Rev.  R.,  M.A.,  D.D.,  Montreal  132 
CampbeU,  Sir  Alexander,  K.C.M.G.,  Lieut. - 

Governor,  Toronto 531 

Cannon,  Lawrence  Ambrose,  Quebec 400 

Carbray,  Felix,  Quebec 499 

Cardin,  Louis  Pierre  Paul,  M.P.P.,  Sorel  . .. 

Cargill,  Henry,  M.P.,  Cargill 27 

Carignan,  Onesime,  Three  Rivers  , 525 

"CarisSima"  (Clara  H.  Mduntcastle), Clinton  292 

Carleton,  John  Louis,  St.  John 100; 

Carling,  Hon.  John,  London 680 

Caron,  Hon.  Sir  Jos.  Philippe  Rene  Adolphe, 

K.C.M.G.,  B.C.L.,  Ottawa 663 

Carrier,  Charles  William,  Levis 421 

Carson,  Rev.  W.  Wellington,  Ottawa 556 

Carswell,  James,  Renfrew 47 

Cartier,  Jacques 1' 

Cartier,  Sir  George  Etienne 56^ 

Casavant,  Joseph  Claver,  St.  Hyacinthe 59C 

Casavant,  Samuel,  St.  Hyacinthe 590| 

Casgrain,  T.  C.,  Q.C.,  LL.D.,M.P.P.,Quebec  278 

Castle,  Rev.  J.  H.,  D.D.,  Toronto 768 

Chabot,  Julien,  Quebec 381,  81/ 

Chagnon,  Hon.  H.  W.,  Judge,  St.  John's 63. 

Chamberlain,  David  Cleveland,  Pembroke. . .  24 

Champlain,  Samuel  de 61 

Chapleau,  Hon.  J.  A.,  Q.C.,  LL.D.,  M.P., 

Montreal *. .  63 

Chapman,  Robert  Andrew,  Dorchester 26; 

Charland,  Hon.  Justice  Alfred  N.,  B.C.L., 

St.  John's 721 

Charlebois,  Alphonse,  Quebec 60 

Chauveau,  Hon.  Justice  Alexander,  B.C.L., 

Quebec 21J 

Chenevert,  Cuthbert  Alphonse,  Berthierville  751 

Chesley,  John  Alexander,  Portland, 13' 

Chicoyne,  Jerome  Adolphe,  Sherbrooke 36! 

Child,  Marcus,  Coaticook , 64, 

Chisholm,  Mrs.  Addie,  Ottawa 60' 

Chisholm,  Peter  J.,  Truro, 408 

Choquette,  P.  A.,  LL.B.,  M.P,,  Montmagny  343 

Church,  Hon.  Charles  Edward,  Halifax 171 

Cimon,  Hon.  M.  H.  E.,  Judge,  Fraserville. .  37'i 
Clarke,  Edw.  Frederick,  M.P.P.,  Toronto...  525 
Clarke,  Henry  Edward,  M.P.P.,  Toronto...  74^ 

Clark,  Rev.  W.  B.,  Quebec 271 

Clemo,  Ebenezer 34S 

Clinch,  Robert   Thomson,  St.  John 58! 


INDEX. 


PAGE 
Cloran,  Henry  Joseph,  B.C.L.,   Montreal...  342 

Cluxton,  Wm.,  Peterboro' 63 

Coburn,  George  H.,   M.D.,   Fredericton 206 

Cockburn,  G.  E.  E.,  M.P.,  Toronto 600 

Coldwell,  Albert  Edward,  M.A.,  Wolfville  506 
Coleman,  Arthur  Philemon,  Ph.D.,  Cobourg  196 
Golfer,  Lieut. -Col.  George  William,  Quebec  448 

Cooke,  Eichard  S.,  Three  Eivers 767 

Cooke,  Eight  Eev.  Thomas,  Bishop 779 

Cooke,  Thos.  Vincent,  Moncton 127 

Cook,  Eev.  John,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Quebec 578 

Cooley,  Eev.  John  W.,  Hamilton 740 

Corning,  Thomas  Edgar,  Yarmouth 549 

Costigan,  Hon.  John,  Ottawa 709 

Cote",  Louis,  St.  Hyacinthe 588 

Coursol,    Capt.    C.  J.  Q. ,  St.  John's 563 

Courtney,  Eight  Eev.  Bishop 586 

Cowperthwaite,  Eev.  H.  P.,  A.M.,  St.  John  260 

Craig,  James,  B. A,,  Eenfrew 55 

Cram,  John  Fairbairn,  Carleton  Place 117 

Creed,  Herbert  Clifford,  Fredericton 106 

Creelinan,    Hon.    Samuel,    M.L.C.,    Eound 

Bank,  Upper  Stewiacke 306 

Crinion,  Eev.  James  Eugene,  Dunnville  ....  248 

Crisp,  Eev.  Eobert  S.,  Moncton 125 

Crocket,  William,  A.M.,  Fredericton 123 

Cross,  Hon.  Alexander,  Judge,  Montreal 165 

Currie,  John  Z.,  A.B.,  M.D.,  Fredericton. . .     90 

Curry,  Lemuel  Allan,  M,  A.,  St.  John 89 

Curry,  Matthew  Allison,  M.D.,  Halifax 627 

Cuthbert,  Edward  O.   J.  A.,  Berthierville  . .  191 


Daly,  Thomas  Mayne,  M.P.,  Brandon 316 

David,  TJaurent  Oliver,  M.P.P.,  Montreal. . .  290 

Davidson,  Hon.  Justice  C.  P.,  Montreal 562 

Da  vie,  George  Taylor,  Levis 728 

Davis,  D.  W.,  M.P.,  Macleod . .  783 

Dawson,  Sir  J.  William,  Knight,  C.M.G., 

LL.D.,  F.E.S.,  Montreal 598 

de  Cazes,  Paul,  Quebec 378 

de La Bruere,  Hon.  P.  B.,  St.  Hyacinthe..  424 
de  Lottinville,  J.  B.fcS.  L.,  Three  Eivers  ....  809 
de  Martigny,  Adelard  Le  Moyne,  Montreal  147 

Denoncourt,  N.  L.,  Q.C.,  Three  Eivers. 541 

Derbishire,  Stewart 487 

Desaulles,  George  Cassimir,  St.  Hyacinthe..  483 

Desaulniers,  D.  B.  W.,  M.D.,  Nicolet 561 

Desaulniers,  F.  S.  L.,  B.C.L.,  M.P.,  Yama- 

chiche 348 

Des  Brisay,  Theophilus,  Q.C.,  Bathurst 181 

Deschenes,  G.  H.,  M.P.P.,  St.  Epiphane 774 

Desilets,  Joseph  Moise,  Q.C.,  Three  Eivers,  746 
Desjardins,  Dr.  Louis  Edouard,  Montreal. . .  115 
Desjardins,  Lieut. -Col.  L.  G.,  M.P.P.,  Levis  472 


PAGE 

De  Sola,  Abraham,  LL.D 97 

Dessaint,  Major  A.,  LL.B.,  Kamouraska  . .  773 
De  Wolfe,  C.  E.,  Judge,  Windsor,  N.S. ...  397 

Dickson,  George,  M.  A.,  Toronto 760 

Dickson,  William  Welland,  M.D.,  Pembroke  116 

Dionne,  N.  E.,  S.B.,  M.D.,  Quebec 256 

Dobell,  Eichard  Eeid,  Quebec 421 

Dobson,  Eev.  William,  Fredericton 335 

Doney,  Charles,  Ottawa 328 

Dorion,  Hon.  Sir  A.  A.,  Knight,  Montreal. .  641 
d'Orsonnens,    Lieut.-Col.    the  Count   Louis 

Gustave  d'Odet 59$ 

Doucet,  Laman  E.,  Sheriff,  Bathurst 405 

Doutre,  Joseph,  Q.C.,  Montreal 305 

Dowdall,  James,  Almonte 122 

Drolet,  Jacques    Francois    Gaspard,  Quebec  364 
Drummond,  A.  T.,  B.A..  LL.B.,  Montreal..  311 

Drysdale,  William,   Montreal 794 

Duchesnay,  Lieut. -Col.  H.  J.  J 775 

Duclos,  Silas  T.,  St.  Hyacinthe 775 

Duhamel,  Most  Eev.  J.  T.,  Archbp.,  Ottawa  683- 

Dunbar,  James,  Q.C.,  Quebec 724 

Duncan,  John,  St.  John  496 

Dunn,  Timothy  Hibbard,  Quebec 542 

Dunnet,  Thomas,  Toronto 304 

Dupleasis,  L.  T.  N.  Le  N.,  Three  Eivers. ...  745 

Dupre,  Eev.  L.  L.,  Sorel 608 

Dymond,  A.  H.,  Brantford 809 


Barle,  Sylvester  Zobieski,  M.D.,  St.  John. . 

Edgar,  James  David,  M.P.,  Toronto 

Edgar,  William,  Montreal 664, 

Edwards,  William  Cameron,  Eockland  

Elliott,  Andrew,  Almonte  

Elliott,  Edward,  Perth 

Elliott,  George,  Guelph : 

Ellis,  James,  Toronto. 

Ellis,  William,  St.  Catharines 

Ellis,  Wm.  Hodgson,  B.A.,  M.B.,  L.E.C.P., 

Toronto  

Emmerson,  H.  E.,  LL.B.,  Dorchester 

Emmerson,  Eev.  E.  H 

Evanturel,  Francis  Eugene  Alfred,  LL.B., 

M.P.P.,  St.  Victor  d' Alfred 


Pabre,  Most  Eev.  E.  C.,  Archbp.,  Montreal 
Falconbridge,  Hon.  William  Glenholme, 

M.  A.,  Toronto  64, 

Farrell,  E.,   M.D.,  Halifax 

Fenwick,  G.  E.,  M.D.,  C.M.,  Montreal. . . . 
Ferguson,  Hon.  D.,  M.P.P.,  Charlottetown 
Fielding,  Hon.  W.  S.,  M.P.P.,  Halifax  .... 
Finnie,  J.  T.,  M.D.,  L.E.C.S.,  Montreal. 


221* 

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341 
91 
370 
629 
813 
121 

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500 
498 

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$£ 

T  587 
..  220 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Fiska,  Edward,  Joliette  723 

Fitch,  Edson,  Quebec 365 

Fitzgerald,  Rev.  D.,  D.D.,  Charlottetown . .   112 

Fitzpatrick,  Charles,  Quebec 494 

Fizet,  L.  J.  C.,  Lieut. -Colonel,  Quebec 275 

Fogo,  Hon.  James,  Judge,  Pictou 184 

Foster,  Hon.  G.  E.,  B.A.,  D.L.C.,  Ottawa  752 

Foster,  James  Gilbert,  Q.C.,  Halifax 206 

Fothergill,  Rev.  M.  Monkhouse,  Quebec....  185 
Flewelling,  William  Pentreath,  Fredericton.     67 

Flint,  T.  B.,  M.A.,  LL.B.,  Yarmouth 264 

Flynn,  Hon.   E.  J.,  Q.C.,  LL.D.,  M.P.P., 

Quebec 244 

Fournier,  Hon.  Telesphore,  Judge,  Ottawa. .  481 

Fowler,  Rev.  Robert,  London 161 

Fraser,  Hon.  D.  C.,  B.A.,  New   Glasgow..  458 

Fraser,  Hon.  J.  J. ,  Judge,  Fredericton 183 

Fraser,  John  A.,  M.P.P.,  Big  Bras  d'Or 750 

Freer,  Lieut.  Harry  Courtlandt,  St.  John's.  567 

Fry,  Edward  Carey,  Quebec 508 

Fulford,  Right  Rev.  Francis,  D.D.,  Bishop..  425 

Fullerton,  James  S.,  Toronto 350 

Fulton,  Dr.  John,  Toronto 697 

Futvoye,  I.  B.,  St.  John's 782 


G-agnon,  Hon.  C.  A.  E-.,M.P.P.,Kamouraska  529- ^Harper,    J.   M.,   M.  A.,    Ph.D.,  F.E.I.S., 


Galbraith,  Rev.  W.,  B.C.L.,  LL.B.,  Orillia    55 

Garneau,  Hon.  Pierre,  Quebec  187 

Gauvreau,  Rev.  Antoine,  Levis 451 

Gaynor,  John  Joseph,  M.D.,  St.  John 145 

Gendreau,  Jean  Baptiste,  N.P.,  Coaticooke  391 

Genest,  L.  TJ.  A.,  Three  Rivers 405 

Germain,    Adolphe,  Sorel 606 

\ -*ervais,  Marie  Emery,  M.D.,  Three  Rivers  444 

Gibbons,  Robert,  Sheriff,  Goderich 798 

Gibsone,  W.  C.,  Quebec 776 

Gilmour,  John  Taylor,  M.D.,  M.P.P.,  West 

Toronto  Junction .* 175 

Gilmour,  Lieut-Col.  H.,    Stanbridge  East . .  774 

Gilpin,  Edwin,  Jr.,  Halifax 177 

Gilpin,  Rev.  Edwin,  D.D.,  Halifax 169 

Gingras,  Hon.  Jean  Elie,  Quebec 660 

Girard,  Abbe  Pierre,  M.  A.,  Sherbrooke  ....  496 
Gtfrouard,  Desire,  Q.C.,D.C.L.,M.P.,Dorval  226 

Girouard,  Theophile,  Quebec 558 

jlackmeyer,  Charles,  Montreal 176 

jrouin,  Antoine  Nemese,  Sorel 581 

>ould,    George,  Walkerton 792 

irant,  Henry  Hugh,  Halifax. 678 


travel,  Rev.  J.  A.,  St.  Hyacinthe 

raveley,  Lieut. -Col.  John  Vance,  Cobourg  216 
•v,  Barnes,  Perth 93 


Cameron, 


PAGE 

Green,  Harry  Compton,  Summerside 184 

Greenwood,  Stansfield,   Ceaticook 679 

Griffin,  Martin  J.,  Ottawa  * 436 

Guest,  Sheriff  G.  H.,  Yarmouth 566 

Guevrement,  Hon.  J.  B.,  Sorel 780 

Guilbault,  Edouard,  Joliette 597 

Guillet,  Major  George,  M.P.,  Cobourg 409 

Guthrie,  Donald,  Q.C.,  M.P.P.,  Guelph. . . .  49 
Guy,  Michel  Patrice,  N.P.,  Montreal 726 

H 

Haanel,  E.  E.,  F.R.S.a,  Ph.D.,  Cobourg. .  526 
Hale,  Frederick  Harding,  M.P.,  Woodstock  363 

Hale,  Hon.  Edward 518 

Hale,  Hon.  John 552 

Haliburton,  Hon.  Thomas  Chandler 4  U' 

Hall,  Francis  Alexander,  Perth  82 

Hall,  John  Smythe,  Jr.,  B.A.,  B.C.L., 

Q.C.,  M.P.P.,  Montreal 357 

Hall,  Robert  Newton,  B.A.,  LL.D.,  Q.C., 

M.P.,  Sherbrooke 685 

Hamilton,  Hon.  C.  E.,  Q.C.,  Winnipeg  ....  472 

Hamilton,  Robert,  D.C.L.,  Lennoxville 742 

Hammond,  John,  St.  John 521 

Hanington,  Hon.  Daniel  L.,  Q.C.,  M.P.P., 

Dorchester...  ..  245 


Quebec 231 

Harris,  Christopher  Prince,  Moncton 86 

Harris,  John  Leonard,  Moncton 354 

Harris,  Joseph  A.,  Moncton 126,  815 

Harris,  Michael  Spurr,  Moncton 108 

Harris, Very  Rev.W.R.,  B.D.,St.  Catharines  224 

Harrison,  Hon.  Archibald,  Maugerville 175 

Harrison,  Thomas,  LL.D.,  Fredericton 107 

Hart,  John  Semple,  Perth 621 

Hatt,  Samuel  Staunton,  Quebec 286 

Haythorn,  Hon.  R.  P.,  Charlottetown 657 

Hearn,  David  A.,  M.P.P.,  Arichat 225 

Heavysege,  Charles 32 

Hemming,  E.  J.,  D.C.L.,  Drummondville. .  71 

Henderson,  D.,  M. P.,  Acton 777 

Hensley,  Hon.  J.,  Judge,  Charlottetown 427 

Hetherington,  George  A.,  M.D.,  L.M., 

St.  John 298,  815 

Hewson,  C.  W.  U.,  M.D.,  L.R.C.P.,  L.M., 

Amherst 312 

Hill,  Andrew  Gregory,  P.M.,  Niagara  Falls  53 

Hill,  Hon.  G.  F.,  St.  Stephen 763 

Hincks,  Sir  Francis 812 


5rant,  Rev.  George  Monro,  D.D.,  Kingston  388- 'Hind,  Professor  H.  Y.,  M.  A.,  Windsor,  N.S.  308 

Grant,  Rev.  R.   N.,   Orillia 212*J,  Kingston,  William  Hales,  M.D.,  L.R.C.S., 

..   750 


D.C.L.,  Montreal.. . , 436 

Hinson,  Rev.  Walter,  Moncton 50 

Hodder,  Edward  M. ,  M.D 647 

156  1  Clinch,  xvu^- 


i 

PAGE 

Holmes,  Hon.  Simon  H. ,  Halifax 163 

Honan,  Martin,  Three  Eivers 773 

Honey,  John  S.,   Montreal 772 

Hopper,  Kev.  J.  E.,  M.A.,  D.D.,  St.  John  336 

Hossack,  William,  Quebec 330 

IHould,  J.  B.  L.,  LL.B.,  Three  Rivers 625 

'Howard,  K.  P.,  M.D.,  L.R.C.S.E.,  Montreal  511 
'1Howe,  Henry  Aspinwall,  T.C.D.,  M.A., 

LL.D.,  Montreal 565 

Howe,  Hon.   Joseph 587 

Hudspeth,  Adam,  Q.C.,  M.P.,  Lindsay....  463 

Huggan,  W.  T.,   Charlottetown 805 

Humphrey,  John  Albert,  M.P.P.,  Moncton.  186 

Hunt,  Henry  George,  St  Catharines 126 

Hunter,  Rev.  Samuel  J.,  D.D.,  Hamilton..  66 
Hunton,  Sidney  Walker,  M.A.,  Sackville..  197 

I 

Inch,  James  R.,  M.A.,  L.L.D.,  Sackville,  322 
Inches,  P.  R.,  M.D.,  M.R.C.S.,  St.  John. .  133 

Inglis,  George,  Owen  Sound 643 

Ingram,  Andrew  B.,  M.P.P.,  St.  Thomas.  301 
Irvine,  Hon.  George,  Q.C.,  D.C.L.,  Quebec.  564 
Irvine,  Matthew  Bell,  C.B.,  C.M.G.,  Com.- 

General,  Quebec. 337 

[rving,  Andrew,  Pembroke 352 

Erving,  J.  D.,  Brigade  Major,  Charlottetown  105 
Ives,  Herbert  Root,  Montreal 629 


Jack,  William  Brydone,  M.A.,  D.C.L 260 

Jaffray,  Robert,  Toronto 675 

Jaeaieson,  Philip,  Toronto 676 

Jarvis,  Frederick  William 171 

leunings.  Rev.  John,  D.D 462 

Tette,  Hon.  L.  A,.  LL.D.,  Judge,  Montreal.  432 

Johnson,  Hon.  F.  G.,  Montreal 114 

Johnston,  C.H.L.,  M.D.,  L.R.C.S.,  St.  John  234 
/  Johnston,  Hon.  J.  W. ,  Judge,  Dartmouth  . .  266 
Jolicojur,  Phillippe  Jacques,  Q.C.,  Quebec. .  602 
Joliffe,  Rev.  William  John,  B.C.L.,  Quebec  324 
Joncas,  Louis  Zephrim,  M.P.,  Grand  River. .  355 

Jones,  Hon.  A.  G.,  P.C.,  M.P.,  Halifax 385 

!  Jones,  Sir  David 345 

j  Jones,  R.  V.,  A.M.,  Ph.  D.,  Wolfville  .....  466 

''  Jones,  Rev.  Septimus,  M.A.,  Toronto 637 

i  Jones,  Simeon,  St.  John 387 

/  Joseph,  Abraham,  Quebec 274 

K 

Kay,  Rev.  John,  Hamilton 198 

Keating,  Edward  Henry,  C.E.,  Halifax 214 

Keirstead,  Rev.   EliasM.,  M.A.,  Wolfville  493 

Kellond,  Robert  Arthur,  Toronto 102 

Kelly,  Francis,  J.P.,  Joliette  . 565 


INDEX. 


PACK 

Kelly,  Samuel  James,  M.D.,  M.S.,  Joliette.  535 

Kelly,  Thomas  Eugene,  Joliette. 527 

Kelly,  Thomas,  Judge,  Summerside 84 

Kemble,  William,  Quebec 345 

Kennedy,  George,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  Toronto...  142 
Kennedy,   George  Thomas,  M.A.,   B.A.Sc., 

F.G.S.,  Windsor 229 

Kennedy,  James  Thomas,  Indian  town ..  331,  815 
Kenny,  Thomas  Edward,  M.P.,  Halifax. ...  729 

Ker,  Rev.  Robert,  MitcheU 295 

Kerr,  W.,  M.A.,  Q.C.,  LL.D.,  Cobourg. ...  290 

Kerr,  W.  W.  Hastings,  Q.C.,  Montreal 619 

Kilgour,  Robert,  Toronto 278 

Killam,  Amasa  Emerson,  M. P. P.,  Moncton.  398 

Kincaid,  Robert,  M.D.,  Peterboro' 591 

King,  Edwin  David,  M.A.,  Q.C.,  Halifax. . .  249 

King,  James,  Quebec 562 

Klein,  Alphonse  B.,Walkerton 771 

Klotz,  Otto,  Preston 26 

Knowles,  Charles  William,  Windsor,  N.S. . .  310 


Labelle,  Capt.  Jean  B.,  M.P.,  Montreal..  189 

Labelle,  Rev,  F.  X.  A.,  St.  Jerome 358 

Lacerte,  Elie,  M.D.,  Three  Rivers 618 

Lachapelle,  E.  P.,  M.D.,  Montreal  261 

Lafrance,  Charles  Joseph,  Quebec 622 

Lake,  John  Neilson,  Toronto % 

Laliberte,  Jean  Baptiste,  Quebec. 353 

Lamarche,  Felix  Oliver,  Berthierville 582 

Lambly,  William  Harwood,  Inverness 170 

La  Mothe,  G.  J.  B.,  Montreal 94 

Langevin,  Hon.  Sir  Hector  Louis,  K.C.M.G., 

Q.C.,  M.P.,  Ottawa 748 

La  Rocque,  Basile,  M,D.,  St.  John's 732 

La  Rocque,  Gedeon,  M.D.,  Quebec 484 

La  Rocque,  Rev.  Paul  S.,  St.  Hyacinthe 701 

La  Rocque,  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Charles 689 

La  Rocque,  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Joseph 712 

Larue,  Hon.  Jules  Ernest,  Judge,  Quebec. . .  628 

La  Rue,  Thomas  George,  Quebec 370 

Laurie,  Maj.-Gen.  J.W.,  M.P.,Oakfield..  356,  816 
Laurier,  Hon.  Wilfred,  B.C.L.,  Q.C.,  M.P., 

Quebec 592 

Laviolette,  Hon.  J.  G.,  M.L.C.,   Montreal  320 

Law,  William,  M.P.P.,  Yarmouth 356 

Lawson,  John  A.,  Charlottetown 460 

Lawson,  Prof.  Geo.,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  F.I.C., 

F.R.S.C.,  Halifax 717 

Leach,  Ven.  Archdeacon,  D.C.L.,  LL.D 134 

Wane,  P.  E.,  M.P .P.,  Montreal 782 

Leclerc,  Rev.  J.  U.,  Montreal 753 

Lefebvre,  Guillaume,  Waterloo,  Q 721 

efebvre,  Joseph  Herbert,  Waterloo,  Q 587 

LeMay,  Leon  Pamphile,  Quebec 220 


Fisk* 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Lemieux,  Francois  Xavier,  M.P.P.,  Quebec.  601 
LePan,  Frederick  N.  D'Orr,  Owen  Sound. .  68 
Lewis,  W.  J.,M.D.,  M.P.P.,  Hillsborough..  316 

Long,  Thomas,  Collingwood 81 

Longley,  Hon.  James  Wilberforce,  M.P.P., 

M.E.C.,  Halifax 186 

Longworth,  Hon.  John,  Q  C., 329 

Loranger,  Hon.  L.  O.,  Judge,  Montreal 299 

Lord,  Major  Artemas,  Charlottetown 219 

Lorrain,  Right  Rev.  Narcisse  Zephirin, 

Bishop,  Pembroke 193 

Lount,  William,  Q.C.,  Toronto 743 

Lugrin,  Charles  H.,  A.M.,  Fredericton 382 

Lugrin,  Charles  S.,  Fredericton 407 

Lyall,  Rev.  William,  LL.D.,  Halifax 233 

Lyman,  F.  S.,  B.A.,  B.C.L.,  Montreal  ....  313 

Me 

McCaffrey,  Charles,  Nicolet 544 

McCallum,  G.  A.,  M.D. ,  Dunville  418 

McCaul,  Rev,  John,  D.D.,  Toronto 165 

McClelan,  Hon.  Abner  Reid,  Hopewell 349 

McConnell,  J.,  M.D.,  M.C.P.S,O.,  Toronto.  367 
McConnell,  J.  B.,  M.D.,  C.M.,  Montreal  ..  386 
McConnel,  William  George,  Berthierville  ...  490 
McConville,  Joseph  Norbet  Alfred,  Joliette..  541 

McCosh,  John,  Orillia 74 

McDonald,  A.  R.,  River  du  Loup  (en  bos)  . .  279 
McDonald,  Hon.  J.,  Chief  Justice,  Halifax. .  712 
McDonald,  Rev.  Clinton  Donald,  B.A.,  B.L., 

B.D.,  M.A.,  Ph.D.,  B.Sc.,  Thorold 505 

McEachran,  Professor  Duncan  McNab, 

F.R.C.V.S.,  Montreal 162 

McGee,  Hon.  T.  D'Arcy,  B.C.L.,  M.R.I.A..  302 

McHenry,.  Donald  C.,  M.  A.,  Cobourg 482 

Mclsaac,  Angus,  Judge,  Antigonish 388 

Mclsaac,  Colin  F.,  M.P.P.,  Antigonish  ....  395 

Mcllwraith,  Thomas,  Hamilton 722 

Mclnty  re,  Right  Rev.P.,D.D., Charlottetown  110 
McKinnon,  Hon.  John,  M.P.P.,  Whyco- 

comagh 410 

McKnight,  Robert,  Owen  Sound 392 

McLachlan,  Alexander,  Erin .  411 

McLelan,  Hon.  Archibald  Woodbury,  M.P.  703 
McLellan,  Hon.  David,  M.P. P.,  Indiantown  433 
McLeod,  Hon.  Neil,  M.A.,  Charlottetown..  220 

McLeod,  Howard  Douglas,  St.  John 387 

McLeod,  Hon.  J.  D.,  M.L.C.,  Pictou 764 

McLeod,  Rev.  Joseph,  D.D.,  Fredericton...  137 

McMaster,  Hon.  William,  Toronto  286 

McMicken,  Hon.  Gilbert,  Winnipeg 346 

McMillan,  John,  M.D.,  Pictou.. 711 

McNeil,  Hon.  Daniel,  Port  Hood 381 

McNeill,  John  Sears,  M.P.  P.,  Barton 180 

McNicoll,  D.,  Montreal  . .  662 


PAG| 

McPherson,  R.B.,  Thorold 
McRitchie,  Rev.  George,  Prescott 21 


M 

Macallum,  A.,  M.A.,  LL.B.,  Hamilton.... 

MacUallum,  D.C.,M.D.,M.R.C.S.,  Montreal 

MacColl,  Evan,  Kingston 

MacCoy,  W.  F.,  Q.C.,  M.P.P.,  Halifax  ... 

Macdonald,  Augustine  Colin,  Montague 

Macdonald,  Charles  De  Wolf,  B.A.,  Pictou.. 

Macdonald,  Duncan,  St.  John  s 

Macdonald,  Hon.  A.  A.,  Lieut.-Gov.,  Char- 
lottetown   

Macdonald,  Hon.  John,  Senator,  Toronto. . . 

Macdonald,  L.  G.,  Q.C.,  St.  John's 

Macdonald,  Lieut. -Col.  C.  J.,  Halifax 

Macdonald,  Rev.  J.  C.,  Charlottetown  

Macdonald,  R.  Tyre,  Sutton   

Macdonald,  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  Alexander, 
G.C.B.,  D.C.L.,  LL.D.,  Ottawa 

Macdonnell,  Rev.  D.  J.,  B.D.,  Toronto 

MacDowall,  D,  H.,  M.P.,  Prince  Albert 

MacFarlane.Foster,  M.D.,Fairville,  St.  John 

Macfarlane,  Thomas,  Ottawa 

MacGillivray,  Hon.  A.,  Antigonish  

Machin,  Henry  Turner,  Quebec 

Mackay,  Alexander  Howard,  B.A.,  B.Sc., 
F.S.Sc.,  Pictou,  N.S 

Mackay,  N.  E.,  M.D.,  C.M.,  M.R.C.S., 
Halifax 

Mackay,  W.,  M.D.,  M.P.P.,  Reserve  Mines 

Mackenzie,  Hon.  A.,  P.C.,  M.P.,  Toronto.. 

Mackenzie,  J.  M.,  Moncton 

MacKinnon,  Tristiam  A.,  Montreal 

Mackintosh,   Charles  H.,  Ottawa 

Maclaren,  James,  Buckingham 

MacLean,  Alexander,  Ottawa 

MacLeod,  Rev.  John  M.,  Charlottetown 

MacMahon,  Hon.  Hugh,  Judge,  Toronto 

Macpherson,  Alexander,  Montreal 

Macpherson,  Henry,  Judge,  Owen  Sound . . . 

MacVicar,  Rev.  Malcolm,  Ph.D.,  LL.D., 
Toronto 

Madill,  Frank,  M.A.,  M.P.,  Beaverton 

Magnan,  Adolphe,  N.P.,  Joliette 

Mara,  J.  A.,  M.P.,  Kamloops  

Martin,  Joseph,  LL.B.,  Quebec 

Mason,  T.  G.,  Toronto      

Masson,  Hon.  Louis  Frangois  Roderique..346, 

Masson,  James,  Q.C.,  M.P.,  Owen  Sound.. . 

Matheson,  David,  Ottawa 

Matheson,  Hon.  Roderick 

Matheson,  Lieut. -Col,  Arthur  James,  Perth. 

Mathews,  Rev.  G-eorge  D.,  D.D.,  Quebec... . 

Mathieu,  Hon.  ft  ilchel,  Judge,  Montreal 


76 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Mathison,  George,  Quebec 66 

Maunsell,  Lieut. -Col.  G.  J.,  Fredericton 102 

Maynard,  Rev.  T.,  M.A.,  D.D.,  Windsor. . .  491 

Medley,  Rev.  C.  S.,  B.A.,  Sussex 284 

Meek,  Edward,  Toronto 725 

Mellish,  John  Thomas,  M.A.,  Halifax. .  246,  816 
Mercier,  Hon.   Honore,    M.P.P.,   Premier, 

Quebec 234 

Meredith,  Sir  William  Collis,  K.B.,D.C.L., 

LL.D.,  Quebec 223 

Merritt,  Jedediah  Prendergast,  St. Catharines  714 

Methot,  Joseph  Edouard,  Three  Rivers 648 

Methot,  Right  Rev.    M.    E.,    A.M.,  IX D., 

Quebec 342 

Miller,  John  Stewart,  M.P.P.,  Centre ville ..  341 
Milligan,   Rev.  George  M.,  B. A.,  Toronto. .     79 

Mills,  John  Burpee,  M.P.,  Annapolis 666 

Mitchell,  Hon.  James,  St.  Stephen 39 

Mitchell,  Samuel  E.,  Pembrooke 217 

Moffatt,  William,  Pembroke 413 

Moles,  Robert  George,  Arnprior 327 

Molony,  Thomas  J.,  LL.B.,  Quebec  655 

Monk,  Hon.  S.  C.,  LL.D.,  Judge,  Montreal  537 
Montagu,  Walter  H.,  M.D.,  M.P.,  DunviUe  686 

Montgomery,  Donald,  Charlottetown 568 

f*-Moodie,  Mrs.    Susanna 710 

Moody,  James  Cochrane,  M.D.,   Windsor..   435 
Moody,  Rev.  John  T.  T.,  D.D.,  Yarmouth..  247 

Moore,  Alvan  Head,  Magog 567,  816 

Moore,  Denni?,  Hamilton 792 

Moore,  Paul  Robinson,  M.D.,  Sackville 35 

Moreau,  Right  Rev.  Bishop  L.  Z.,  St.  Hya- 

cinthe 584 

Morin,  Eusebe,  St.  Hyaciathe .  611 

Morin,  Louis  Edmond,  Quebec 385 

Morris,  John  Lang,  B.C.L.,  Q.  C. ,  Montreal  747 

Morrison,  Alfred  Gidney,  Halifax 464 

Morison,  Lewis  Francis,  St.  Hyacinthe 697 

Morrow,  John,  Toronto 223 

Morse,  Hon.  W.  A.  D.,  Judge,  Amherst 222 

Morson,  W.  A.  O.,  Charlottetown 92 

Motton,  Robert,  Q.C.,  Halifax  • 783 

Mountain,  Right  Rev.  G.  J.,  Bishop,  Quebec  439 

Mountcastle,  Clara  H.,  Clinton 292 

Mowat,  Hon.  O.,  Q.C.,  LL.D.,  Toronto 559 

Mowatt,  Rev.    Andrew  Joseph,  Fredericton    38 

Murchie,  James,  St.  Stephen 221 

Murphy,  Martin,  C.E.,  Halifax 319 

Murphy,   Owen,  M.P.P.,  Quebec 208 

Murray,  Lieut. -Col.  John  Robert,  Halifax ..  717 
Murray,  William,  Sherbrooke 800 

N 

NanteJ,  G.  A.,  M.P.P.,  St.  Jerome 669 

Nault,  Joseph,  St.  Hyacinthe ..450 


Nelles,  Rev.  Samuel  Sobieski,  D.D.,  LL.D..  ' 
Nelson,  Hon.  Hugh,  Lieut-Governor,  Victoria 

Nettleton,  John,  Collingwood idi 

Nolin,  Charles,  Sheriff,  St.  John's 502 

Norman,   Rev.    Richard    Whitmore,   M.A., 

D.C.L.,  Montreal 74 

Normand,  Telesphore  Euzebe,  Three  Rivers  682 
Norquay,    Hon.    John,    M.P.P.,    Winnipeg  479  ' 
Noyes,  John  Powell,  Q,C.,  Waterloo,  Q 605 


O'Connor,  Hon.  John  4 

Ogden,  Charles  Kinnis,  Three  Rivers 55 

Ogden,  W.W.,  B.M.,  M.D.,  Toronto 7 

Ogilvie,  Hon.  A.  W.,  Senator,  Montreal 1  > 

Ostigny,  Joseph  Henry,  Joliette f  I 

O'Sullivan,  D.  A.,  M.A.,  D.C.L.,  Toronto. .  , 

Otter,   Lieut. -Col.  William  Dillon,  Toronto  «  - 

Ouellette,  Rev.  J.  R,,  St.  Hyacinthe <  i 

Ouimet,  Hon.  Gedeon,  Q.C.,  D.C.L.,  Quebec 

Ouimet,    Hon.    Lieut.-Col.    Aldric  Joseph,  '•> 

LL.B.,  Q.C.,  M. P.,  Montreal <  ? 

Oulton,  Alfred  E.,  Judge,  Dorchester  J  • 

Owens,  John,  St.  John 5  1 

Owens,  William,  M.P.P.,  Lachute 4  8 

P  f 

Pacaud,  Ernest,  Quebec ...  40  •> 

Pacaud,  Gaspard,  M.P.P.,  Windsor 5E-® 

Palmer,  Caleb  Read,  J.P.,  Moncton 12  IB 

Panneton,    Louis  Edmond,    Q.C.,    E.C.L.,       '7 

LL.D.,  Sherbrooke 351,  81<d 

Papiiieau,  Hon.  Louis  Joseph 67(r- 

Paquet,  Hon.  A.  H.,  M.D.,  St.  Cuthbert  ..  53c?> 

Paquet,  Rev.  Benjamin,  Quebec 53]IS 

Park,  William  A.,  M.P.P.,  Newcastle,  N.B.  32$' 
Parker,  Rev.  W.  R.,  M.  A.,  D.D.,  Toronto. .  516lt 
Partridge,  Rev.  F.,  M.A.,  D.D.,  Halifax  ..  64<d 

Paton.  Andrew,  Sherbrooke 448^ 

Paton,  Hugh,  Montreal 396r" 

Patton,  Hon.  James,  Q.C.,  LL.D.,  Toronto.  174ld 

Payan,  Paul,  St.  Hyacinthe. .    638re 

Payzant,  J.  Y.,   M.  A.,  Halifax 77  °! 

Peck,  Charles  Allison,  Hopewell  Hill  ^f1 

Pelland,   B.  L.,    Berthierville 8L'^6 

Pelletier,  Hon.  H.  C.,  Judge,  Rimouski 275  ? 

Pelton,  S.  H.,  Q.C.,  Yarmouth 296 

Perley,  William  Dell,  M.P.,  Wolseley 665  ^ 

Perrigo,    James,    M.A.,   M.D.,   M.R.C.S., 

Montreal ,    284 

Peter?,  Simon,  J.P.,  Quebec 459 

Peterson,  Peter  Alexander,  C.E.,  Montreal..  707 
Pettit,  Rev.  Charles  Biggar,  M.  A.,  Cornwall  J2' •    , 
Phelan,    Cornelius  J.   F.    R.,   M.D.,  C.M., 

Waterloo,  Q 595 


V, 


risk 

T" 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

'hillips,  Rev.  Caleb  T.,  Woodstock 432 

.^ilip,  Rev.  John,  M.A.,  Montreal 395 

Piche,  E.  U.,  Berethierville 78C 

Pickard,  Rev.  Humphrey,  D.D.,  Sackville..  140 

Pidgeon,  J,  R.,  J.P.,  Indiantown 455 

Pirn,  Richard,  Toronto 563 

Pipes,  Hon.   W.  T.,   Amherst 791 

Plumb,  Hon.  Josiah  Burr,  Niagara 706 

Pope,  Edwin,  Quebec 512 

Pope,  Hon.  James  Colledge 605 

'ope,  Hon.  John  Henry,  M.P.,  Ottawa  ....  650 

ope,  Hon,  Joseph,  Charlottetown 41' 

ope,  P.  W.  T.,  Charlottetown  428 

upore,  Wm.  Joseph,  M.P.P.,  Chichester. .  645 

ver,  Hon.  L.  G.,  LL.B.,  Halifax 503 

*rer,  Michael  Joseph,  Halifax 530 

Fontaine,  R.  F.,  B.C.L  ,  M.P.,  Montreal  779 

<.  /ost,  Major  Oscar  A.,  Quebec  ...... 612 

ice,  Evan  John,  Quebec 628 

ice,  Herbert  Molesworth,  Quebec 594 

ince,  Right  Rev.  John  C.,  Bishop 689 

ior,  James,  Merritton 600 

roudfoot,  Hon.  William,  Judge,  Toronto. . .  270 
roulx,  Hon.  Jean  Baptiste  George,  Nicolet.  607 
ugsley,  Hon.  William,  D.C.L.,  St.  John  . .  64.9 
urcell,  Patrick,  M.P.,  Summertown..  669,  816 


12H 

375 
518 
755 
007 


Baden 


,  William  A.,  M.P.P.,  Fairville  ....  632 


I 


hurst,  W.  H.,  Perth 719 

Ratcliffe,  John 546 

Ratcliffe,  Rev.  J.  H.,  St.  Catharines 378 

Raymond,  Rev.  Joseph  Sabin,  St.  Hyacinthe  686 

Read,   John,   Stratford 416 

Read,  Rev.  P.  C.,  M.A.,  Lennoxville 704 

Reddin,  James  Henry,  Charlottetown 54 

Reddy,  John,  M.D 85 

Reed,  Robert,  St.  John 557 

Reid,  Rev.  Charles  Peter,   Sherbrooke 530 

Rexford,  Rev.  Elson  Irving,  B.A.,  Quebec..  486 

Heeso     Hon.  D.,  Toronto '. 704 

;ice,  Charles,  Perth 75 

Richard,  Rev.  Cannon  Louis,  A.M.,  Three 

Rivers 476 

Richey,   Hon.  Matthew  H.,  Q.C.,  D.C.L., 

Liert.-Gov.,  Halifax 380 

Richey,  Rev.  Matthew,  D.D 471. 

Ritchie,  Hon.  J.  N.,  Judge,  Halifax 193 

Robb,  Alexander,  Amherst 179 

Robb,  David  W.,  Amherst 183 

^Roberts,  C.  G.  D.,  M.A.,  Windsor,  N.S. . . .  368 

Robertson,  Andrew,  Montreal 314 

Robertson,  Georgo,  St.  John 336 


PAG] 

Robertson.  Henry,  LL.B.,   Collingwood . . . .  80! 
Robertson,  Hon.  T.,  Judge,   Hamilton. . ....  791 

Robertson,  N.,  Walkerton  77( 

Robillard,  Alexander,  M.P.P.,  Russel 48( 

Robinson,  D.A.,  M.D.,  Coaticook 75] 

Robinson,  Samuel  Skiffington,  Orillia 25' 

Robitaille,  Louis  Adolphe,  Quebec ^66; 

Roche,  William,  Jr.,  M.P.P.,  Halifax 21  "i 

Rogers,  Henry  Cassady,  Peterboro' 147,  81( 

Rogers,  Lieut. -Col.  R,  Z.,  Grafton 76? 

Rogers,  Rev.  Jabez  A.,  Windsor,  N.S 53^ 

RoUand,  Hon.  J.  B.,  Montreal 79; 

Rose,  George  Maclean,  Toronto 73] 

Rose,  Hon.  John  E.,  LL.D.,  Judge,  Toronto  737 

Rosebrugh,  John  W.,  M.D.,  Hamilton 314 

-Ross,  Alexander  Milton,  M.D.,  Montreal  ..  116 
Ross,  Hon.  David  Alexander,  Q.C.,  Quebec.  30C 

Ross,  Hon.  James  Gibb,  Quebec 64£ 

Ross,  Hon.  William,  Halifax 189 

Roes,  James  Duncan,  M.D.,  Moncton 136 

Rottot,  Jean  Philippe,  M.D.,  Montreal.. 

Rourke,  James,  St.  Martin's  

Rousseau,  Joseph  Thomas,  St.  Hyacinthe 

Routhier,  Hon.  A.  B.,  LL.D.,  Quebec 

Roy,  Rouer  Joseph,  Q.C.,  Montreal 

Ritchie,  Hon.  Robert  J.,  M.P.P.,   St.  John  702 

Rivard,  A.  M.,  M.D.,  Sheriff,  Joliette 568 

Ruel,  James  Rhodes,  St.  John 228 

Russell,  Willis,  Quebec 535 

Rutherford,  John,  J.P.,  Owen  Sound 289 

Ryan,  Hon.    Patrick  George,  M.P.P.,  Cara- 
quet 736 

S 

Saint  Cyr,  D.  N.  D.,  Quebec 379 

Saint-Pierre.  Henri  C.,  Montreal 69 

Sanderson,  Rev.  Dr.  G.  R.,  Sarnia 65 

Sandford,  Hon.  W.  E.,  Hamilton  753 

Sangster,  Charles,  Kingston 423 

Scarth,  William  Bain,  M.P.,  Winnipeg 624 

Schiller,  Charles  Edward,  Montreal 677 

Scott,  Capt.  Peter  Astle,  R.N 700 

Scott,  Hon.  Richard  W.,  Q.C.,  Ottawa  ....  758 

Scott,  Lieut. -Col.  Thomas,  Winnipeg 715 

Sears,   Lieut.  James  Walker,  Toronto 606 

Sedgewick,  Robert,  Q.C.,  Halifax 422 

Senecal,  Hon,  Louis  Adelard,  Montreal 452 

Senkler,    William    Stevens,  Judge,  Perth. .     52 

Seymour,  James,  St.  Catharines 544 

Shakespeare,  Noah,  Victoria 297,  816 

Shannon,  Hon.  S.  L.,  D.C.L.,  Halifax 756 

Shaw,  Lieut. -Col.   James 68 

Shea  -er,  James  Traill,  Montreal 654 

Shehrn,  Hon.   Joseph,  M.P.P.,  Quebec....  539 
Shielts,  John,  Toronto, 551 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

horey,  Hollis,  Montreal 651 

hortt,  Rev.  William,  B.D.,  Walkerton 747 

icotte,  Hon.  Louis  Victor,  St.  Hyacinthe. .  438 

•if  ton,  Hon.  John  Wright,  Brandon 46 

liver,  William  Chamberlain,  Halifax 318 

imcoe,  Lieut. -General  John  Graves 181 

inclair,  Donald,  Walkerton  757 

ikinner,  Hon.  Charles  N.,  Q.C.,  St.  John. .  401 

lack,  Edward,  Waterloo,  Q 463 

laven,  John  Wallace,  Orillia '650 

imart,  William  Lynn,  Hamilton 468 

mith,  Andrew,  F.R.C.V.S.,  Toronto 726 

mith,  A.  Lapthorn,  B.A.,  M.D.,  Montreal  681 

.mith,  G.  B.,  M.P.P.,  Toronto 791 

iinith,  John  IL,  Buffalo 56 

Imitb,  Rev.  H.  Percy  W.,  Dunnville  209 

Smith,  Rev.  J.  C.,  M.A.,  B.D.,  Guelph  ....  680 

mith,  Rev.  John,  Toronto 515 

mith,  Robert  Barry,  Moncton 331 

Mnith,  Robert  Herbert,  Quebec 462 

>mith,  William,  M.P.,  Columbus 503 

ipencer,  Charles  Worthington,  Montreal 507 

ipencer,  E.  E.,  M.P.P.,  Frelighsburg 382 

>prague,  Thomas  Farmer,  M.D.,  Woodstock  145 
itarnes,  Hon.  Lieut-Col.  Henry,  Montreal . .  749 

iteadman,  James,  Fredericton 543 

teele,  Rev.  D.  A.,  A.M.,  Amherst 264 

teeves,  Chipman  Archibald,  Moncton 326 

.teeves,  James  Thomas,  M.D.,  St.  John 151 

itennett,  Rev.  Canon  Walter,  M.A.  Cobourg  272 

tephen,  Alexander,  Halifax  762 

Itephen,  Sir  George,  Baronet,  Montreal 231 

.tephenson,  Major  James,  Montreal 665 

>terling,  Alexander  Addison,  Fredericton . .  705 
>tevens,  Hon.  Gardner  Green,  Waterloo,  Q . .  585 
>tevens,  Rev.  Lorenzo  Gorham,  A.M.,B.D., 

Portland,  N.B 25 

Stevenson,  Major  S.  C.,  Montreal 492 

Stewart,  George  Jr.,  D.C.L.,  F.R.G.S., 

F.R.S.C.,  Quebec , 227 

tewart,  John,  Woodstock 204 

tewart,  Rev.  William  James,  Portland, 

N.B 37 

St.  George,  Percival  Walter,  C.E.,  Montreal  134 

it.  George,  Rev.  Charles,  Iberville 720 

Stockton,  Alfred  Augustus,  D.C.L.,  Ph.D., 

LL.D.,  M.P.P.,  St.  John 116 

Strachan,  Right  Rev.  John,  LL.D.,  D.D...  371 

Strange,  Major-General  T.  B.,  Kingston 784 

itratford,  John  H.,  Brantford 58,  816 

Strothard,  Rev.  James,  Halifax 334 

ituart,  Sir  Andrew,  Knight,  Quebec 640 

Sturdee,  Henry  L.,  M.A.,  Portland,  N.B..  426 

utherland,  Hugh  McKay,  Winnipeg 620 

Sutherland,  Rev.  Alexander,  D.D.,  Toronto  86 


PAGE 

Sullivan,  Hon.  W.  W.,  Charlottetown 429 

Sweeny,    Right   Rev.    John,    D.D.,     R.C. 
Bishop,  St.   John 455 


Tache,  Eugene  Etienne,  Quebec 376 

Taillon,  Alphonse  Antoine,  Sorel 537 

Talbot,  Hon.  Thomas 157 

Tartre,  Joseph  Raphael,  M. P.,  Waterloo,  Q.  595 
Taschereau,  His  Eminence  Elzear  Alexander, 

Cardinal,  Quebec 625 

Taschereau,  Hon.  Henry  T.,  B.L.,  B.C.L., 

Judge,  Montreal  410 

Taschereau,  Hon.  H.  E.,  Judge,  Ottawa 434 

Taschereau,  Hon.  J.  T.,  LL.D.,  Quebec....  610 

Taylor,  Henry,  Perth 78 

Tellier,  Hon.  Louis,  Judge,  St.  Hyacinthe..  443 

Tessier,  Jules,  M.P.P.,  Quebec 608 

Tetreau,  Rev.  F.,  St.  Hyacinthe 508 

Thomas,  N.  W.,  Coaticook  763 

Thomas,  Rev.  B.  D.,  D.D.,  Toronto 379 

Thompson,  David 727 

Thompson,  Hon.  J.S.D.,  Q.C.,  M. P., Ottawa  283 

Thompson,  Lieut. -Col.  D.  C.,  Quebec  394 

Thome,  William  Henry,  St.  John 306 

Thornton,  John,  Coaticook  439. 

Tilley,  Sir  S.  L.,  K.C.M.G.,  Fredericton. . .  60 

Tims,  Frank  Dillon,  Quebec  545 

Tomkins,  Rev.  John 652 

Tooke,  Benjamin,  Montreal 699 

Tory,  Edgar  J 705 

Torrance,  David 400 

Torrance,  Hon.  F.  W.,  B.C.L.,  Montreal ...  393 

Torrance,  Rev.  Robert,  D.D.,  Guelph 33 

Torrington,  Frederick  Herbert,  Toronto 546 

Tourangeau,  Adolphe  G.,  Quebec 477 

Trenaman,  Thomas,  M.D.,  Halifax 554 

Trueman,  Hermon  Silas,  M.D.,  Sackville,  335 
Tupper,  Hon.  Sir  Charles,  G.C.M.G.,  C.B., 

D.C.L.,  Ottawa 642 

Turcotte,  Hon.  Arthur,  Q.C.,  Three  Rivers  445 
Turnbull,  Lieut. -Col.  Ferdinand,  Quebec  . .  403 

Turnbull,  William  Wallace,  St.  John 143 

Tyrwhitt,  Lieut. -Col.  R.,  M.P.,  Bradford..  461 

U 

Underhay,  J.  C.,  M.P.P.,  Bay  Fortune. ...  415 
Unsworth,  Joseph  Lennon,  Charlottetown  . .  653 

Ure,  Rev.  Robert,  D.D.,  Goderich 375 

Ussher,  Right  Rev.  B.  B.,  M.D.,  Montreal.     10 


Valin,  Pierre,  Vincent,  Chateau  Richer 383 

Vallee,  Thomas  E.  A.,  M.D.,  Quebec 538 

Van  Horn,  William  C.,  Montreal 469 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Van  Koughnet,  S.  J.,   Q.C.,   Toronto 795 

Van  Wyck,  Rev.  James,  Toronto 152 

Vaughan,  William,  St.  Martins 458 

Vidal,  Major  Henry  Beaufort,  Toronto 533 

W 

Wade,  Edward  Harper,  Quebec  430 

Waddell,  John,  M.D 29 

Wainwright,  William,  Montreal 736 

Walker,  Thomas,  M.D.,  St.  John 538 

Wallace,  Joseph  James,  Truro  298 

Wallace,  Rev.  Robert,  Toronto  418 

Wallbridge,  Hon.  Lewis 374 

Wallis,  Herbert,  Montreal 81 

Wanless,  John,  M.D.,  Montreal 128 

Watson,  George,  Collingwood 125 

Webster,  Walter  Chester,  Coaticook 678 

Weeks,  Otto  Swartz,  M.P.P.,  Halifax 668 

Wedderburn,  Hon.  W.,  Judge,  Hampton  ..  150 

Weir,  W.,  Montreal 527 

Weidon,  R.  C.,  B.A.,  Ph.D.,  M.P.,  Halifax  661 

Weller,  C.  A.,  Judge,  Peterborough 673 

Wells,  Hon.  R.  M.,  Toronto 639 

Welton,  Rev.  Daniel  Morse,  D.D.,  Toronto  529 

Whelan,  Hon.  Edward,  Charlottetown 414 

Whidden,  Charles  Blanchard,  Antigonish . . .  190 

White,  Hon.  Thomas,  M.P.,  Ottawa 744 

Whitney,  Henry  A. ,  Moncton 364 

Wickwire,  William  Nathan,  M.D.,  Halifax  265 
Wild,  Rev.  Joseph,  M.A.,  D.D.,  Toronto  ..  82 
Wilkinson,  W.,  Judge,  Bushville,  Chatham.  270 


PAGE 
Willets,  Rev.  Charles  E.,  M.A.,  D.C.L., 

Windsor,  N.S 687 

Williams,  Rev.  John  JR.,  D.D.,  Toronto. . . .  294 
Williams,  Rev.  William,  D.D.,  Cobourg....  175 
Williams,  Richard  Wellington,  Three  Rivers  495 
Williams,  Right  Rev.  James  W.,  D.D., 

Bishop,  Quebec 434 

Williams,  Thomas,  Moncton 140 

Wilmot,  Hon.  R.  D.,  Fredericton 765 

Willmott,  J.  B.,  M.D.S.,  D.D.S.,  Toronto. .  173 
Wilson,  Daniel,  LL.D.,  F.R.S  ,  Toronto... .  338 

Wilson,  J.  C.,  M.P.,  Montreal  149 

Wilson,  Rev.  Robert,  St.  John 80 

Withall,  William  John,  Montreal 520 

Wood,  Rev.  Enoch,  D.  D 585 

Wood,  Robert  Edwin,  Peterborough 244 

Woodland,  Rev.  James  Barnaby,  Yarmouth  311 

Woodward,  J.  R.,  B.A.,  Sherbrooke 685 

f Workman,  Joseph,  M.D.,  Toronto 204 

Worthington,  Edward  D.,  A.M.,  M.D., 

F.R.C.S.,  Sherbrooke 456 

Wright,  Aaron  A.,  Renfrew 57 

Wright,  Philemon 631 


Young,  Edward,  Windsor 800 

Young,  Hon.  Charles,   LL.D.,  Q.C.,   Char- 
lottetown      18 

Young,  Hon.  James,  Gait 740 

Young,  Sir  William,  LL.D 398 


A    CYCLOPAEDIA 


or 


CANADIAN  BIOaEAPHY 


Cartier,  Jacques. — The  ancient  town 
of  St.  Malo,  in  France,  had  been  for  centur- 
ies a  nursery  of  hardy  seamen,  and  among 
the  most  eminent  on  its  list  stands  the  name 
of  Jacques  Cartier. — This  celebrated  navi- 
gator was  the  first  European  who  explored 
the  shores  of  Canada  to  any  extent.  On  the 
20th  April,  1534,  he  sailed  with  two  ships 
of  three  score  tons  apiece  burthen,  and  sixty- 
one  well  appointed  men  in  each.  He  steer- 
ed for  Newfoundland,  which  he  reached  in 
twenty  days,  passed  through  the  straits  of 
Belle  Isle,  and  advanced  up  the  St.  Law- 
rence, till  he  saw  the  shores  of  Anticosti. 
The  approach  of  winter  caused  him  to  re- 
turn to  France.  In  the  spring  of  1535, 
he  received  a  fresh  commission,  and  three 
vessels,  named  La  Grande  Hermine,  La 
Petite  Hermine  and  V Hemerillon,  the 
largest  about  120  tons,  were  placed  at  his 
disposal.  On  the  16th  May,  the  officers  and 
sailors  assembled  in  the  Cathedral  at  St. 
Malo,  where,  after  confession  and  hearing 
mass,  they  received  a  parting  blessing  from 
the  bishop,  and,  three  days  later,  they 
.et  sail.  After  experiencing  very  stormy 
weather,  during  which  the  vessels  were 
separated,  they  reached  the  coast  of  New- 
foundland on  the  26th  July.  On  the  10th 
August,  it  being  the  festival  of  St.  Law- 
rence, Cartier  gave  that  name  to  the  bay 
which  he  entered,  and  it  was  afterwards 
expended  to  the  river  and  gulf.  On  the 
1'  th,  he  reached  Stadacona  (now  Quebec). 
Hearing  from  the  Indians  that  a  town  of 
some  importance  stood  by  the  bank  of  the 
river,  many  days'  journey  above,  and  named 
"  Hochelaga,"  Cartier  determined  to  go 
thither,  and  on  the  19th  September,  he 
hoisted  sail,  and  with  his  pinnace  and  two 
small  boats,  departed  on  his  journey  up  the 
river.  On  the  28th  he  reached  lake  St. 


Peter.  At  the  head  of  this  lake  he  was 
compelled  to  cast  anchor  on  account  of  the 
shoals ;  and  finding  it  impossible  to  proceed 
further  with  his  vessel  (L* Hemerillon}, 
he  took  to  his  boats,  and  on  the  2nd  Octo- 
ber, 1535,  he  landed  about  six  miles  from 
the  town,  below  the  current  St.  Mary.  After 
he  had  gone  about  four  miles,  he  was  met 
by  one  of  the  chiefs,  accompanied  by  many 
of  the  natives,  who  gave  him  a  cordial  wel- 
come. Having  seen  all  that  he  deemed 
worthy  of  notice  in  the  village,  Cartier  was 
conducted  to  the  top  of  the  mountain,  the 
view  from  which  filled  him  with  feelings  of 
joy  and  gratification.  In  honour  of  his  king 
he  named  it  "Mont  Royal,"  which  name 
has  been  extended  to  the  city.  On  his 
return  to  the  boats  he  was  accompanied  by 
a  large  number  of  natives,  who  appeared 
to  be  anxious  to  have  him  stay  longer. 
He,  however,  embarked  the  same  evening, 
and  on  the  4th  October,  he  reached  his 
vessel,  in  which  he  passed  down  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  rejoined  his  company  at 
Stadacona.  As  the  season  was  far  advanced 
Cartier  made  the  bold  resolve  to  winter  in 
the  country.  His  party  suffered  much  dur- 
ing the  winter  from  want  of  proper  food  and 
clothing,  and  in  addition  to  this,  they  were 
all  attacked  by  the  scurvy,  twenty-six  of 
whom  died.  The  remainder  soon  recovered 
their  health  by  the  use  of  a  decoction  of  the 
spruce  fir,  which  had  been  recommended  to 
them  by  an  Indian.  When  spring  returned 
Cartier  sailed  for  France,  taking  with  him 
several  of  the  natives,  and  among  them, 
Donacona,  a  chief.  None  of  them  ever  re- 
turned, all  dying  before  the  French  again 
visited  CaL.ula.  On  his  return  to  France, 
Cartier  found  his  native  land  distracted  with 
religious  dissensions,  and  it  was  not  until 
1541,  that  he  sailed  with  five  vessels,  and 


18 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


full  power  to  make  discoveries  and  settle- 
ments in  Canada.  Jean  Frangois  de  la 
Bocque,  superior  of  Boberval,  was  appoint- 
ed by  the  king  viceroy  and  lieutenant  of 
Canada,  and  was  to  have  accompanied 
Cartier,  but  through  insuperable  obstacles 
he  was  unable  to  leave  until  the  next  year, 
when  he  left  with  three  vessels,  having  on 
board  two  hundred  persons,  male  and  fe- 
male. Cartier  passed  the  winter  at  Cape 
Eouge,  where  he  erected  a  fort,  but  fearing 
the  natives  he  resolved  to  return  to  France. 
On  his  way  he  fell  in  with  Eoberval,  at  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland,  but  he  refused  to  re- 
turn with  him  to  Canada,  and  proceeded  on 
his  way  to  France,  where  he  died  shortly 
after  his  return.  Cartier  manifested  in  all 
his  expeditions  adventurous  courage.  No 
contemporary  navigator  had  as  yet  dared  to 
advance  so  far  into  the  lands  of  the  new 
world  as  he.  In  his  braving  the  rigours  of 
a  Canadian  winter,  and  shutting  himself  up 
for  six  months,  without  means  of  escape,  he 
gave  a  signal  example  of  the  intrepidity  of 
the  mariners  of  his  time  and  country.  Of 
right  therefore  in  every  sense,  he  heads  the 
long  file  of  visitors  of  inner  North  America. 
Young,  Hon.  Charles,  LLJX,  Q.C., 
Judge  of  Surrogate  and  Probate,  Charlotte- 
town,  Prince  Edward  Island,  was  born  on 
the  30th  of  April,  1812,  at  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, and  is  the  younger  brother  of  Sir 
William  Young,  Chief  Justice  of  Nova 
Scotia.  The  father  of  these  illustrious  men 
was  John  Young,  of  Falkirk,  Stirlingshire, 
Scotland,  and  subsequently  of  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia.  Judge  Young  received  his  early 
education  in  Dalhousie  College,  Halifax, 
and  studied  law  in  the  office  of  his  brother, 
Sir  William  Young,  in  that  city.  He  was 
called  to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia  in  1838, 
and  to  the  bar  of  Prince  Edward  Island  the 
same  year.  He  practised  his  profession  for 
a  short  time  with  his  brothers,  Sir  William 
and  the  Hon.  George  Young,  now  deceased ; 
and  on  November  23rd,  1847,  was  created  a 
Queen's  Counsel,  being  the  first  barrister  in 
Prince  Edward  Island  on  which  this  honour 
was  conferred.  Judge  Young  entered  pub- 
lic life  a  young  man  in  1840,  where  he  was 
returned  for  Queen's  County  to  the  Island 
Assembly,  and  in  December  following,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  Legislative  Council. 
In  this  latter  body  he  accepted  a  seat  until 
1863,  ten  years  of  which  period  he  acted  as 
president.  He  filled  the  office  of  Attorney- 
General  from  28th  May,  1851  to  the  2nd  of 


May,  1852  ;  and  from  26th  June,  1858  to 
llth  April,  1859  ;  and  held  the  commission 
under  the  Eoyal  Sign  Manual  as  adminis- 
trator of  the  Government  of  the  Island  for 
four  years.  Judge  Young  has  the  honour 
of  being  the  first  public  man  who  advocated 
the  question  of  responsible  government  for 
the  Island,  and  he  and  his  co-workers  had 
the  pleasure  of  seeing  this  boon  granted  in 
1851,  together  with  other  important  reforms, 
such  as  free  schools,  free  lands  for  tenantry, 
savings  banks,  etc.  He  received  his  appoint- 
ment as  judge  of  probate  in  1852,  and  judge 
in  bankruptcy  in  1868.  On  retiring  from 
the  latter  position  in  March,  1875,  he  was 
presented  with  the  following  address,  which 
was  signed  by  every  member  of  the  bar  in 
Prince  Edward  Island,  viz : — 

"  To  His  Honour  Judge  Young,  LL.D.,  etc. 

"SiR, — We,  the  undersigned  barristers  and 
attorneys,  cannot  permit  the  opportunity  to  pass 
of  your  honour's  retiring  from  the  judgeship  of 
the  Insolvent  Debtor's  Court — the  jurisdiction  of 
which  is  now  merged  in  another  court  by  virtue 
of  '  The  Insolvent  Act,  1875,'  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada— without  expressing  our  entire  satisfac- 
tion at  the  manner  in  which  you  presided  over 
the  meetings  of  the  court ;  and  at  the  same  time 
thanking  you  for  your  many  courtesies  extended 
to  us  during  the  eight  years  Your  Honourpresided 
over  said  court. —(Signed),  F.  Brecken,  Attorney- 
General;  W.  W.  Sullivan,  Solicitor-General;  John 
Longworth,  Q.C.;  Charles  Palmer,  Q,C.;  Charles 
Binns,  Richard  Reddin,  E.  H.  Haviland,  Edward 
J.  Hodgson,  Louis  H.  Davies,  R.  R.  Fitzgerald, 
W.  D.  Haszard,  Henry  E.  Wright,  Malcolm 
McLeod,  Neil  McLean. 

"  Charlottetown,  P.E.I.,  March  29th,  1876." 

To  which  His  Honour  Judge  Young 
replied : — 

"  GENTLEMEN,—  Be  pleased  to  accept  my  best 
thanks  for  the  address  you  have  so  unexpectedly 
presented,  and  be  assured  that  I  do  most  highly 
value  it  on  account  of  the  expressions  it  contain 
of  your  entire  satisfaction  with  the  manner  ir 
which  I  have  presided  over  the  Insolvent  Debtor's 
Court  for  the  last  eight  years.  Where  I  have 
always  been  treated  with  marked  consideration 
by  yourselves,  gentlemen,  I  could  not  do  other- 
wise than  reciprocate  the  courtesies  to  which  you 
kindly  refer.  (Signed),  CHARLES  YOUNG." 

While  Judge  Young  was  practising  at  the 
bar,  he  had  a  large  and  lucrative  business, 
and  was  generally  engaged  on  one  side  or 
the  other  in  most  of  the  leading  cases  then 
before  the  courts.  He  was  invariably  re- 
tained on  behalf  of  those  he  was  pleased 
to  style  the  "Bleeding  tenantry  of  Prince 
Edward  Island  "  against  the  landlords,  and 
generally  succeeded  in  gaining  a  verdict  in 
favour  of  his  clients.  He  was  always  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


friend  and  advocate  of  the  oppressed.  It  is 
pleasing  to  note  here  that  Judge  Young 
has  held  no  position  which  he  has  not 
adorned.  In  office  and  out  of  office  he  has 
rendered  great  service  to  the  community. 
In  1838,  a  Mechanics'  Institute  was  estab- 
lished in  Charlottetown,  mainly  through  his 
efforts,  and  he  had  the  honour  of  delivering 
the  introductory  lecture,  which  was  after- 
wards published  in  the  Gazette.  He  has 
since  1845  taken  a  very  deep  interest  in 
the  cause  of  temperance,  and  was  Grand 
Worthy  Patriarch  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance 
of  Prince  Edward  Island  several  terms,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  National  Division  of  the 
Sons  of  Temperance  of  North  America.  He 
is  also  an  active  member  of  the  Methodist 
church,  a  local  preacher,  and  a  Bible-class 
teacher, 'and  fills  several  other  important 
offices  in  that  church.  He  was  instrumental 
in  founding  the  second  Methodist  church  in 
Charlottetown,  and  is  president  of  Prince 
Edward  Island  Auxiliary  Bible  Society. 
The  Judge  is  a  thorough  working  Christian. 
The  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  the  Newton  (United  States)  Univer- 
sity; and  in  1858  he  was  offered  the  honour 
of  knighthood  by  Her  Majesty,  but  respect- 
fully declined  the  royal  gift.  In  Masonry 
he  takes  an  interest,  and  belongs  to  the 
Royal  Arch  Chapter.  In  1838  Judge  Young 
married  Lucretia,  daughter  of  John  Starr, 
of  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  and  he  and  his 
wife,  there  being  no  children,  enjoy  life  in 
their  beautiful  home,  "Fairholm,"  Char- 
lottetown. 

U§§her,  The  Right  Rev.  Brand- 
ram  Boileau,  T»I.I>.,  Montreal,  Bishop 
of  the  Reformed  Episcopal  church  in  the 
Dominion  of  Canada  and  the  Island  of  New- 
foundland, was  born  in  the  city  of  Dublin, 
Ireland,  on  the  6th  day  of  August,  1845. 
He  is  the  youngest  son  of  Captain  Richard 
Beverly  Ussher,  late  of  H.  M.  86th  Regt., 
and  Henrietta  Ussher  (nee  Boileau).  On 
both  sides  of  the  house  his  ancestors  were 
most  distinguished.  Captain  R.  B.  Ussher 
was  descended  from  Richard  Neville,  the 
great  Earl  of  Warwick,  one  of  whose  de- 
scendants (for  political  reasons  took  the 
name  of  the  office  which  he  bore,  viz.,  Usher 
of  the  Black  Rod,  thus  retaining  his  influ- 
ential and  lucrative  position  when  the  name 
of  Neville  had  become  unpopular  and  the 
"  Kingmaker's  "  influence  had  waned, )  sub- 
sequently settled  in  Ireland.  To  distinguish 
the  family  name  from  the  office,  the  second 


letter,  s,  was  added  some  eighty  years  ago. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  descended  from 
a  long  line  of  churchmen.  His  great  grand- 
father was  rector  of  the  parish  of  Clontarf, 
near  Dublin,  which  was  held  in  the  family 
from  father  to  son  for  over  one  hundred  and 
fifty  years.  The  Rev.  John  Ussher,  after- 
wards Astronomer  Royal  for  Ireland,  was 
the  last  of  the  family  to  hold  the  incum- 
bency. His  sons  were  Rear-Admiral  Sir 
Thomas  Ussher,  K.C.A.,  who  figured  in  the 
history  of  the  great  Napoleon,  taking  him 
to  Elba  in  H.M.S.  Undaunted.  He  died 
Naval  Commander-in-Chief,  at  Cork,  Ire- 
land, and  lies  buried  in  one  of  the  vaults 
of  Monkstown  church,  County  Dublin  — 
his  record  was  that  of  a  gallant  sailor.  John 
Ussher,  of  Woodpark,  who  left  four  sons, 
the  youngest  of  whom,  Richard  Beverly, 
was  the  father  of  Bishop  Ussher,  of  Mont- 
real. He  is  directly  descended  from  Arch- 
bishop Henry  Ussher,  one  of  the  founders 
of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  whose  brother 
Arland  was  the  father  of  James  Ussher 
(Trinity's  first  student,  buried  in  Henry 
VII.  Chapel  in  Westminster  Abbey),  the 
celebrated  Primate  of  Ireland,  author  of 
"  Ussher's  Chronology,"  etc.,  with  whom 
the  Duke  of  Wellington  was  also  connected, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  Mary  Ussher  married 
Henry  Colley,  of  Castle  Carberry,  who  was 
the  mother  of  the  first  Lord  Mornington, 
who  was  the  grandfather  of  the  Duke  of 
Wellington.  The  Venerable  Archdeacon 
Adam  Ussher,  rector  of  Clontarf,  was  the 
brother  of  the  above  named  Mary  Ussher 
and  son  of  Sir  William  Ussher,  clerk  of  the 
Council.  The  Rectory  of  Clontarf  descend- 
ed to  his  son  Frederick,  and  from  him  to 
his  son  Henry  Ussher,  D.D.,  who  held  the 
Andrew's  Professorship  of  Astronomy  in 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and  from  him  is 
directly  descended  Captain  R.  B.  Ussher, 
the  father  of  the  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Ussher. 
Three  hundred  years  ago  two  brothers  of 
the  name  of  Ussher  were  driven  from  Ire- 
land during  one  of  the  troubles,  and  settled 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Melrose,  in  Scot- 
land, where  they  acquired  considerable 
lands,  and  amongst  them  the  property  of 
Huntley-burn,  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
spots  on  the  Borders.  The  grandfather  of 
the  present  Thomas  Ussher,  of  Edinburgh, 
for  seventeen  years  secretary  of  the  Borders' 
County  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Education  (and  out  of  which  arose  the 
celebration  of  the  centenary  of  Sir  Walter 


20 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Scott),  sold  to  Sir  Walter  Scott  the  chief  part 
of  the  estate  of  Abbotsford  (vide  "  Lockart's 
Life  of  Scott ").  By  unbroken  tradition  this 
branch  claims  kinship  with  Archbishop 
Ussher  ;  and  the  Kev.  W.  Neville  Ussher, 
cousin  of  the  above  named  Thomas  Ussher, 
is  a  canon  of  the  Cathedral  in  Edinburgh. 
The  Ussher  family  have  had  the  honour  of 
having  four  distinguished  church  digni- 
taries ;  two  Archbishops  of  Armagh  ;  one 
Bishop  of  Kildare  (Robert  Ussher)  ;  and 
Bishop  B.  B.  Ussher,  of  Montreal,  who  has 
at  present  five  surviving  brothers  and  two 
sisters  as  follow  :  —  Major- General  John 
Theophilus  Ussher,  Beverly  Ussher,  Henry 
Ussher,  M.B.,  Rev.  P.  R.  C.  Ussher,  a  prom- 
inent minister  in  Australia  ;  and  James 
Ussher,  solicitor  ;  Henrietta  Buchanan 
and  Arabella  Madelina  Buchanan.  On 
his  mother's  side  Bishop  Ussher  has  an 
equally  distinguished  ancestry,  the  Boileau 
family  being  one  of  the  few  that  can  trace 
their  genealogy  back  without  a  break  for  a 
period  of  over  six  hundred  years.  The 
present  Baron  Boileau  de  Castleneau  is 
the  seventeenth  in  descent  from  Etienne 
Boileau,  who,  born  early  in  the  thirteenth 
century,  was  appointed  by  Louis  IX.,  in  the 
year  1255,  Grand  Provost  of  Paris,  at  that 
period  the  highest  officer  of  state.  In  1371, 
Jean  Boileau  was  ennobled  by  Charles  V. 
At  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
A.D.  1685,  Jacques  Boileau,  the  10th  baron, 
was  arrested  as  a  Protestant,  tortured,  and, 
after  an  imprisonment  of  ten  and  one-half 
years,  died  in  the  prison  of  St.  Jean  de 
Vedas,  one  mile  from  Montpellier,  a  noble 
martyr  for  the  Protestant  faith,  having  been 
beheaded  by  order  of  the  Duke  de  Nem- 
ours. His  son,  Charles  Boileau,  then  a 
youth,  having  taken  refuge  in  England  and 
having  entered  the  British  Army,  firm  to 
his  Protestant  faith,  formally  renounced 
his  rights  and  titles  to  the  honours  and 
estates  of  the  family  which  thereby  devolved 
on  his  younger  brother  Maurice,  who  be- 
came the  eleventh  Baron  Boileau.  From 
that  time  the  barony  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  junior  and  Roman  Catholic  branch  of  the 
family  of  which  the  present  Baron  Boileau 
de  Castleneau  is  now  the  representative.  He 
holds,  too,  the  ancient  chateau  de  Castle- 
neau, six  miles  from  Nimes,  which  has  been 
for  three  and  a  half  centuries  in  the  family 
to  which  it  gives  the  present  title  of  the 
barony.  Five  of  the  Barons  de  Castleneau 
held  in  succession  the  office  of  Royal  Trea- 


surer. Charles  Boileau  died  in  1733,  leav- 
ing three  children  who  had  issue,  whose 
grandchildren  and  more  remote  issue  are 
now  living  to  the  number  of  six  hundred 
and  fifty.  The  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Ussher, 
when  a  child,  was  sent  from  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  a  governess  at  a  very  early 
age.  At  Delgany  College,  in  the  county 
Wicklow,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Daniel  Flyns,  of 
Harcourt  street,  Dublin,  and  the  Rugby  of 
Ireland,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stackpools,  of  Kings- 
town, he  received  his  education  as  a  youth. 
As  a  lad  he  was  older  than  his  years  and 
sought  the  company  of  those  much  his 
seniors,  showing  a  decided  penchant  for 
those  given  to  study.  Thrown  chiefly 
amongst  medical  students  he  followed  the 
course  of  study  so  closely  with  one  com- 
panion, that  he  was  almost  as  well  fitted  as 
he  to  pass  the  examinations.  At  a  little  over 
sixteen  years  he  secured  the  diploma  of  the 
Royal  Dublin  Society,  taking  sixth  place 
out  of  seventy-three  candidates.  Owing  to 
heavy  financial  losses,  through  the  dis- 
honesty of  associates,  the  father  of  young 
Ussher  was  unable  to  permit  him  to  con- 
tinue his  sudies  and  the  determination  was 
formed  to  visit  the  United  States.  The  re- 
solve was  put  into  execution,  and,  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  mercantile  life  was  entered 
upon  ;  successful,  though  not  in  harmony 
with  it,  it  was  abandoned  after  a  year,  and 
a  visit  undertaken  to  Washington,  where 
several  of  the  United  States'  army  hospitals 
were  visited ;  the  old  medical  love  rekindled 
and  much  practical  knowledge  gained  in  the 
treatment  of  surgical  diseases  and  gun-shot 
wounds.  The  resolve  was  then  formed  to 
adopt  medicine  as  a  profession,  and  after 
pursuing  his  medical  studies  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan,  he  finally  received  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  Illinois, 
became  a  member  of  the  State  Medical 
Association,  and  was  ultimately  elected  a 
member  of  the  National  Eclectic  Medical 
Association.  As  a  practitioner  he  was  most 
successful,  and  as  a  citizen  highly  esteemed 
in  the  city  of  Aurora,  Illinois,  where  he 
practised  for  over  ten  years.  He  was  vig- 
orously identified  with  the  welfare  of  the 
community,  and  at  one  time  it  seemed  that 
he  would  enter  into  political  life,  being 
offered  the  nomination  by  the  Democratic 
party  as  a  candidate  for  the  legislature. 
Politics,  however,  were  too  impure  to  have 
any  permanent  attraction  for  him,  and  he 
devoted  himself  to  his  professional  duties 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


21 


and  the  interests  of  the  Anglican  Church,  of 
which  he  was  a  member.  Set  thinking  by 
a  sermon  preached  by  the  well-known  evan- 
gelist, Mr.  Moody,  the  instructions  of  pious 
parents  were  revived,  and  earnest  Christian 
work  entered  upon  with  marked  evidence  of 
the  divine  favour.  Under  the  license  of  the 
Right  Rev.  Dr.  Whitehouse,  then  bishop  of 
Illinois,  he  kept  alive  several  mission  fields 
and  taught  a  large  Bible-class  with  great 
acceptability.  It  was  then  pressed  upon 
him  that  he  should  enter  the  ministry  of 
the  Anglican  Church  in  the  Diocese  of 
Illinois.  Steadily  the  conviction  of  the 
need  of  entire  consecration  to  God's  ser- 
vice deepened ;  it  was  fought  back,  but  the 
urging  of  Bishop  Whitehouse  was  strong, 
and  as  there  was  then  little  evidence  of  the 
sacerdotalism  that  subsequently  manifested 
itself,  the  course  of  study  was  entered  upon 
under  the  bishop's  direction.  In  time  it 
became  apparent  that  the  bishop  of  Illinois 
held  strong  High  Church  views.  He  was  a 
guest  in  Dr.  Ussher's  house  on  the  evening 
of  the  day  of  the  publication  of  Bishop 
Tozer's  letter  condemning  Bishop  Cummins 
of  Kentucky,  for  partaking  of  and  adminis- 
tering the  communion  of  the  Lord's  Supper 
with  Dr.  John  Hall,  Drs.  Arnot  and  Dorner, 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  reading  it 
with  a  sense  of  indignation,  he  (Dr.  Ussher) 
asked  Bishop  Whitehouse  what  he  thought 
of  such  a  letter,  to  which  Bishop  White- 
house  replied  in  cold,  severe  tones,  "  I  think 
Bishop  Tozer  is  perfectly  right,  and  Bishop 
Cummins  deserves  the  severest  condemna- 
tion." Those  words  decided  the  mind  of 
Dr.  Ussher,  and  realizing  that  as  an  Evan- 
gelical Protestant  Churchman,  he  would  be 
out  of  sympathy  with  Bishop  Whitehouse, 
he  determined  to  abandon  the  idea  of  enter- 
ing the  Anglican  ministry.  He  felt,  how- 
ever, that  his  heart  was  so  bound  up  in  the 
Episcopal  Church,  and  his  love  for  her 
liturgy  was  so  great,  that  he  could  not  be 
at  home  in  any  other  branch  of  Christ's 
Church.  At  this  juncture  the  Right  Rev. 
Bishop  Cummins,  D.D.,  took  steps  to  or- 
ganize the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church, 
which  being  made  public,  proved  the  open 
door.  Under  the  guidance  of  that  distin- 
guished Protestant  prelate,  he  pursued  his 
studies  and  was  ordained  deacon  in  the 
city  of  Chicago,  by  the  Right  Rev.  Bishop 
Cheney,  in  Christ  Church,  June  9th,  1874, 
and  presbyter,  July  16th,  1876,  in  Emman- 
uel Church,  Ottawa,  Ontario,  by  Bishops 


Cheney,  Nicholson,  Cridge  and  Fallows. 
His  pastorates  in  Canada  have  been,  one  of 
three  years  in  Toronto,  during  which  was 
built  the  church  on  the  corner  of  Simcoe 
and  Caer  Howell  streets,  and  his  present 
charge  in  St.  Bartholomew's,  Montreal,  over 
which  he  has  been  pastor  since  1878.  For 
good  and  sufficient  reasons  he  and  his  con- 
gregation withdrew  from  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
United  States  and  united  with  the  English 
branch  of  the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church 
under  the  Right  Rev.  T.  H.  Gregg,  M.D., 
D.D.,  otherwise  called  the  Reformed  Church 
of  England.  By  the  General  Synod  in 
England,  in  the  following  year,  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Ussher  was  elected  to  the  episcopate, 
but  declined.  Two  years  after  he  was 
elected  again,  the  Canadian  Synod  electing 
him  as  their  bishop,  and  in  1882,  on  the 
19th  day  of  June,  he  was  consecrated  in 
Trinity  Church,  Southend,  by  the  Right 
Rev.  Bishop  Gregg,  and  seven  presbyters, 
as  "  a  bishop  in  the  Church  of  God."  Re- 
turning to  Canada  he  took  charge  of  the 
Diocese  of  Canada  and  Newfoundland.  The 
bishop  believing  in  benevolent  societies  as 
handmaids  to  the  church,  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Order  of  Oddfellows  since  1865, 
and  has  held  the  office  of  Grand  Master  of 
the  Province  of  Quebec  ;  he  has  also  been, 
and  is  at  present,  a  member  of  the  Order  of 
Knights  of  Pythias,  in  which  he  holds  the 
rank  of  Past  Grand  Chancellor,  and  has  had 
the  honour  of  being  Supreme  Representative 
for  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  the  authorship 
of  one  of  the  degrees  in  use  by  the  order. 
Bishop  Ussher  is  a  graceful  and  forcible 
writer  and  an  eloquent  speaker,  and  poet 
of  acknowledged  merit.  In  his  religious 
views  he  is  an  old-time  Evangelical  believer, 
pronounced  in  his  Protestant  views,  in  fact, 
a  keeper  in  the  old  paths,  for  which  reason 
he  is  ecclesiastically  where  he  is  to-day. 
On  the  16th  day  of  July,  1867,  he  was 
married  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Kelly,  in  the  city 
of  Chicago,  to  Elizabeth  Leonora  Thomp- 
son, third  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Skeffing- 
ton  Thompson,  of  Broomfield,  near  Lucan, 
in  the  county  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  and  Eli- 
zabeth Margaret  D'Arcy.  The  father  of 
Mrs.  Ussher,  the  Rev.  Skeffington  Thomp- 
son, is  the  thirteenth  child  of  the  late  Skeff- 
ington Thompson,  of  Rathnally,  county  of 
Meath,  by  Anna  Maria  Carter,  only  child 
and  heiress  of  Thomas  Carter,  of  Rathnally, 
county  Meath.  Skeffington  Thompson  the 


22 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


elder  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  in  the 
last  Irish  Parliament  against  the  Duke  of 
Wellington  for  the  borough  of  Trim,  both 
candidates  being  neighbours  in  the  same 
county,  Dangan  Castle,  the  Wellesley  seat, 
being  near  Trim.  The  family  of  Thompson, 
according  to  Burke,  descended  from  the 
Thompsons  of  Barton,  Cumberland,  a  branch 
of  which  settled  about  the  16th  century  in 
the  county  of  Hertford,  England.  The 
Irish  branch  are  descended  from  those  who 
crossed  over  to  Ulster  when  that  province 
was  first  taken  in  hand  by  King  James,  and 
engaging  in  the  prosperous  linen  trade  made 
large  fortunes.  Mrs.  Ussher's  family  history 
on  the  male  side  is  interesting,  as  leading 
back  to  the  famous  Thomas  Carter,  who 
took  so  active  a  part  in  the  Irish  revolution, 
ending  with  the  battle  of  the  Boyne,  1690. 
This  Thomas  Carter  was  sergeant-at-arms, 
a  partisan  of  King  William  III.  at  the  siege 
of  Derry,  and  battle  of  the  Boyne.  He  was, 
as  Burke,  Ulster  King  of  Arms,  says  "a 
gentleman  whose  services  to  his  country  at 
the  revolution  were  very  considerable,  for 
he  not  only  served  King  William  at  the 
battle  of  the  Boyne  (July  1st,  1690} ,  but 
secured  divers  useful  books  and  writings 
belonging  to  King  James  and  his  secre- 
taries." These  documents  he  secreted  in 
the  vaults  of  Christ's  Church  Cathedral, 
Dublin,  until  after  the  disturbances.  He 
married  for  his  second  wife,  the  Countess  of 
Roscommon,  widow  of  Wentworth  Dillon, 
the  poet,  who  was  publicly  buried  in  West- 
minster Abbey.  By  her  he  had  no  family, 
but  his  only  son  Thomas  became  Master  of 
the  Irish  Rolls,  for  twenty-four  years,  Privy 
Councillor,  and  Secretary  of  State.  This 
Right  Hon.  Thomas  Carter  had  two  sons 
and  three  daughters,  from  the  eldest  of 
whom  Mrs.  Ussher  is  descended.  The  eldest 
sister  of  this  Thomas  Carter  married  Doctor 
Philip  Twysden,  bishop  of  Raphoe,  and  son 
of  Sir  William  Twysden,  baronet,  of  Roy  don 
Hall,  Kent.  The  issue  of  this  marriage, 
Frances,  married  George  Bussey,  fourth  Earl 
of  Jersey  and  first  cousin  to  Anna  Maria 
Carter,  Mrs.  Ussher's  grandmother.  This 
latter  alliance  resulted  in  the  birth  of  two 
sons  and  six  daughters,  her  eldest  son 
being  George,  fifth  Earl  of  Jersey,  and  the 
daughters  became  Ladies  William  Russell, 
Ann  Lambton,  Sarah  Bailey,  LadyPonsonby, 
Lady  Henrietta,  who  married  the  bishop  of 
Oxford,  and  Lady  Anglesey,  wife  of  the  Mar- 
quis of  Anglesey,  a  hero  of  Waterloo,  and 


for  her  second  husband  the  Duke  of  Argyll, 
which  Duchess  of  Argyll  was  cousin  german 
to  Mrs.  Skeffington  Thompson,  Mrs.  Ussher's 
paternal  grandmother.  The  Right  Hon. 
Thomas  Carter's  second  daughter,  Susan, 
married  Thomas  Carter,  of  Duleek  Park  and 
Castle,  county  Louth,  and  her  grand-daugh- 
ter, Elizabeth,  became  Marchioness  of  Tho- 
mond  by  entering  the  family  of  William 
O'Bryen,  descendant  from  Brien  Boroimhe, 
King  of  Ireland,  and  whose  line  was  continu- 
ed by  the  King  of  Munster  and  of  Thomond 
to  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,King  of  England 
(see  Sharpe' s  Peerage  ) .  Mrs. Ussher's  family 
history  on  the  female  side  is  even  more  in- 
teresting. Her  mother  was  Elizabeth  Mar- 
garet, eldest  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Joshua 
D'Arcy,  Rector  of  Lacka,  county  Kildare. 
This  D'Arcy  family  came  to  Ireland  early 
in  the  14th  century  and  settled  at  Platten 
in  the  county  Meath.  In  a  book  "Maynooth 
Castle,"  written  by  the  present  Duke  of 
Leinster  when  Marquis  of  Kildare,  on  page 
5,  we  read,  "Sir  John  D'Arcy,  Lord  Justice 
of  Ireland,  married  the  Countess  Johanna  de 
Burgh,  daughter  to  the  Red  Earl  of  Ulster, 
and  sister  to  Ellen,  wife  of  Robert  Bruce, 
King  of  Scotland.  They  had  a  son,  William, 
born  at  Maynooth,  in  1330,  from  whom  the 
present  family  of  D'Arcy  are  lineally  de- 
scended, and  are  represented  by  George 
James  Norman  D'Arcy,  of  Hyde  Park, 
county  Westmeath  (see  Burke's  "Landed 
Gentry," alsoWalford's  "County Families"), 
the  worthy  head  of  both  English  and  Irish 
families  and  representative  of  twenty-eight 
peerages  of  Great  Britain.  The  Irish 
D'Arcys  were  governors  of  Ireland  in  the 
reign  of  the  three  Edwards,  with  extra- 
ordinary privileges,  the  power  to  appoint  a 
deputy,  which  as  Fynes  Thompson  remarks, 
neither  before  nor  after  was  granted  to  any 
but  some  few  of  the  royal  blood  (  and  which 
he  exercised  on  two  several  occasions).  A 
descendant,  Sir  William  D'Arcy  of  Platten 
(or  Platyn)  was  the  person  who  carried 
Lambert  Simnel  on  his  shoulders  through 
Dublin  after  he  had  been  crowned  in  Christ 
Church  Cathedral,  for  which  he  was  obliged 
to  do  homage  to  his  viceroy,  in  1488.  This 
Sir  William  D'Arcy's  descendant,  Vice- 
Treasurer  of  Ireland,  in  1523,  was  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled,  "  The  Decay  of 
Ireland  and  the  -causes  of  it,"  the  MS. 
of  which  is  now  in  the  library  of  Trinity 
College,  Dublin.  It  is  quite  beyond  the 
limit  of  this  sketch  to  give  a  full  history  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


23 


a  family  dating  back  to  their  ancient  seat  in 
Arcques,  in  Normandy,  whence  they  came 
to  England  with  the  Conqueror,  into  whose 
family  they  had  married  previously — then 
settled  in  Lincolnshire  and  are  given  in  ex- 
tenso  in  Burke's  "  Extinct  Peerages."  The 
Yorkshire  histories  contain  a  full  pedigree 
of  about  twenty-five  generations,  and  the 
English  and  Irish  pedigree  illuminated  by 
Camden,  the  historian,  and  author  of  the 
"  Brittania,"  dating  from  1066  to  1617,  is 
in  the  possession  of  the  present  head  of  the 
D'Arcy  house,  Mrs.  Ussher's  cousin.  This 
history  says,  that  Nicholas  D'Arcy,  of  Pla- 
tyn,  espoused  the  cause  of  King  James  II., 
and  was  a  captain  in  his  army.  He  was  con- 
sequently attained  in  1690,  and  his  estates 
were  forfeited  and  sold  in  1691  ;  his  only 
son  Christopher,  dying  unmarried,  George 
D'Arcy,  the  surviving  lineal  heir,  male,  suc- 
ceeded to  the  family  headship.  This  George 
D'Arcy  entertained  James  the  Second  in  his 
Castle  of  Dunmow  the  night  after  the  battle 
of  the  Boyne,  and  King  William  was  his 
guest  previous  to  the  battle.  King  James 
in  his  hurried  departure  next  morning  for- 
got his  pistol  which  yet  remains  in  the 
D'Arcy  family.  It  is  related  of  him  that 
on  the  occasion  he  repeated  the  following 
couplet : 

"Who  will  be  king  I  do  not  know, 
But  I'll  be  D'Arcy  of  Dunmow." 

He  was  declared  an  innocent  Papist  in  1693, 
and  died  in  full  possession  of  his  estates  in 
Meath  and  Westmeath,  in  1718.  His  de- 
scendant John  D'Arcy,  born  1700,  married, 
1727,  and  was  the  first  of  the  family  to  con- 
form to  the  Protestant  faith,  which  took 
place  before  his  marriage  with  Miss  Judge, 
of  Grangebey,  county  Westmeath.  He  died 
in  1785,  leaving  four  sons,  Judge,  Francis, 
Arthur,  and  James.  Francis  D'Arcy,  on  the 
death  of  his  brother,  Judge  D'Arcy,  became 
heir  male  of  Sir  William  D'Arcy,  of  Platyn, 
second  son  of  Lord  D'Arcy,  viceroy  of  Ire- 
land. On  the  death  of  Robert  D'Arcy,  fourth 
Earl  of  Holderness,  in  Yorkshire,  1778,  heir 
male  of  John  D'Arcy  and  Norman  D'Arcy. 
Francis  D'Arcy  died  in  1813,  without  issue, 
and  his  youngest  brother  James  D'Arcy, 
who  alone  had  sons  and  daughters,  thus 
continued  the  line — his  eldest  son,  John, 
claimed  the  older  D'Arcy  baronies,  held  by 
the  last  Earl  of  Holderness,  and  this  claim 
after  trial  was  established.  But  it  appears 
that  as  Robert  D'Arcy,  fourth  Earl  of  Holder- 


ness,  left  an  only  child,  Lady  Amelia,  who 
married  the  Marquis  of  Carmarthan,  after- 
wards fifth  Duke  of  Leeds,  thus  carrying  off 
the  Yorkshire  estates  into  the  Osborn  family, 
the  title  has  not  been  resumed  by  the  present 
family.  James  D'Arcy,  born  in  1740,  had 
three  sons,  John,  born  1767,  Joshua,  the 
grandfather  of  Mrs.  Ussher,  and  Thomas, 
who  was  a  major  in  the  army,  and  at  his 
death,  Inspector  General  of  Police,  in  Ulster. 
It  is  interesting  to  know  that  the  marriage  of 
Lady  Amelia  D'Arcy,  Baroness  Conyers  in 
her  own  right,  was  dissolved  by  Act  of  Par- 
liament in  May,  1779,  after  the  birth  of 
three  children,  and  both  parties  remarried 
the  following  year,  the  Lady  Amelia  marry- 
ing John  Byron,  father  of  the  poet,  Lord 
Byron  (she  died  January  20th,  1784, 
Dodd's  Peerage,  Genealogical  Volume  and 
Plates  of  Arms,  page  5).  The  foregoing  is 
a  very  condensed  account,  necessarily,  of 
Mrs.  Ussher's  family  history.  A  more  ex- 
tended history  involving,  as  it  would,  the 
introduction  of  many  other  distinguished 
families  in  every  department  of  the  state, 
and  covering  many  professions,  literary, 
scientific,  military  and  naval,  we  must  ask 
our  readers  to  spare  us.  Reference  to  the 
usual  standard  histories,  genealogies  and 
heralds  of  Great  Britain,  would  confirm  the 
above.  It  must  be  remembered  that  all 
the  history  of  the  English  D'Arcys,  dating 
from  1066,  their  possession  of  thirty-three 
baronies  in  Lincolnshire  and  Yorkshire, 
their  active  part  with  the  other  barons  in 
extracting  Magna  Charta  from  King  John, 
their  subsequent  prominent  part  in  the  state 
during  every  reign  down  to  that  of  George 
III.,  the  Pilgrimage  of  Grace,  these  and 
many  other  matters  have  been  omitted,  but 
what  has  been  said  will  suffice  to  show 
whence  we  have  come,  and  we  trust  that  the 
present  and  future  will  verify  the  wise  man's 
saying  (Prov.  xvii,  6. )  in  the  history  of  Mrs. 
Ussher,  that  if  "  Children's  children  are  the 
crown  of  old  men,  the  glory  of  children  are 
their  father's."  The  following  are  the  sur- 
viving children  of  Bishop  and  Mrs.  Ussher: — 
Sydney  Lahmire  Neville  Ussher,  Clarence 
Douglas  Ussher,  Charles  Edward  Cheney 
Ussher,  George  Richard  Beardmore  Ussher, 
Elizabeth  Henrietta  Ussher,  Warwick  Wel- 
lesley  Ussher. 

Bayard  William,  M.D.,  Edin.,  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  in  Kent- 
ville,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  21st  day  of  Au- 
gust, 1814.  The  ancestors  of  our  subject 


24 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


were  Huguenots,  and  directly  connected 
with  the  family,  represented  by  the  famous 
knight,  "  sans  peur  et  sans  reproche," 
whose  coat  of  arms  is  carried  by  them  to 
this  day.  Having  been  driven  from  France, 
they  landed  in  New  Amsterdam,  now  New 
York,  in  the  month  of  May,  1647.  There 
were  three  brothers,  Petrus,  Balthazer  and 
Nicholas  ;  one  remained  in  New  York,  and 
became  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in 
that  city  ;  one  went  to  Baltimore  and  his 
branch  gave  senators  to  that  city  for  the 
last  hundred  years,  among  them  the  present 
United  States  Secretary  ;  and  the  other  one 
went  to  England,  giving  numerous  soldiers 
of  distinction  to  that  country,  among  them 
Colonel  Samuel  Vetch  Bayard  and  Colonel 
John  Bayard,  brothers.  Colonel  Samuel 
Vetch  Bayard  had  three  sons;  one  a  captain 
in  the  army,  was  killed  at  the  battle  of 
Waterloo  ;  one  a  captain  in  the  English 
navy,  was  murdered  at  Fordham,  near  New 
York  city ;  and  the  third  son,  Robert,  the 
father  of  our  subject,  was  a  lieutenant  in 
the  British  army  at  the  age  of  thirteen 
years,  and  was  allowed  to  proceed  with  his 
studies  at  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  while  his 
father's  regiment  was  stationed  at  Halifax, 
N.S.  He  left  the  army  and  graduated  in 
medicine  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh 
in  1809,  was  a  D.  C.  L.  of  Windsor  College, 
N.S.,  and  for  three  years  professor  of  Ob- 
stetrics in  the  University  of  New  York. 
When  the  war  of  1812  was  declared  against 
Great  Britain,  he  was  required  to  take  the 
oath  of  allegiance  or  leave  the  country.  He 
chose  the  latter  course,  found  his  way  to  Port- 
land, Maine,  left  that  city  in  an  open  boat, 
and  arrived  in  the  city  of  St.  John,  N.B.,  in 
the  month  of  May,  1813.  From  that  city 
he  went  to  Halifax,  N.S.,  and  there  married 
Frances  Catherine  Robertson,  daughter  of 
Commissary  Robertson,  who  was  killed  in 
the  Colonial  war  which  commenced  in  1775. 
Her  grandfather  was  Colonel  John  Billop, 
who  owned  a  large  part  of  Staten  Island, 
near  New  York,  and  being  a  Loyalist,  his 
property  was  confiscated.  He  died  in  the 
city  of  St.  John.  Dr.  Robert  Bayard 
practised  his  profession  in  Kentville,  N.S., 
for  several  years,  and  in  1824  removed  to 
St.  John,  N.B.,  where  he  died  in  June,  1868 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-one  years. 
He  stood  at  the  head  of  his  profession,  and 
was  a  fluent  speaker  and  an  able  writer. 
His  son,  Dr.  W.  Bayard,  when  twelve  years 
of  age,  was  sent  to  a  popular  educational 


institution,  conducted  by  the  Rev.  William 
Powell,  at  Fordham,  near  New  York  city, 
where  he  remained  five  years.  He  then 
entered  as  a  private  student  with  Dr.  Valen- 
tine Mott,  the  eminent  surgeon  of  New  York, 
at  the  same  time  attending  the  medical  lec- 
tures at  the  College.  While  in  Dr.  Mott's 
office  he  took  high  honours  for  proficiency 
in  anatomy.  The  next  year  he  matriculated 
at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  from  which 
institution  he  received  the  degree  of  doctor 
in  medicine  in  1837.  He  then  walked  the 
hospitals  in  Paris,  and  visited  many  in 
Germany,  and  on  returning  to  St.  Johnr 
practised  in  company  with  his  father.  He 
has  since  that  time  frequently  visited  the 
hospitals  in  England,  France  and  Germany. 
"  His  reputation  for  skill  has,"  says  a  writer 
who  has  noted  this  gentleman's  career  "  al- 
most from  the  start,  stood  high,  and  of  his 
profession  he  has  made  a  brilliant  success. 
He  has  been  greatly  honoured,  alike  by  the 
medical  fraternity  and  his  fellow  citizens 
generally,  and  it  is  safe  to  say,  that  no  man 
in  his  profession,  in  the  Province,  is  held  in 
higher  esteem.  There  is  not  a  city  or  large 
town  in  the  Province  of  New  Brunswick, 
Nova  Scotia  or  Prince  Edward  Island,  to 
which  he  has  not  been  called  upon  profes- 
sional business."  It  may  be  said  that  the 
general  public  hospital  in  the  city  of  St. 
John  owes  its  existence  to  the  energy  and 
perseverance  of  Dr.  Bayard.  Prior  to  1858 
he  brought  the  subject  prominently  before 
the  authorities,  but  no  action  was  taken. 
He  then  endeavoured  to  obtain  money  to 
build  one  by  subscription,  but  finding  that 
many  of  the  most  wealthy  men  in  the  city 
refused  to  subscribe,  he  abandoned  the  idea, 
and  employed  and  paid  a  lawyer  to  draft  an 
Act  to  assess  the  community  for  the  purpose. 
This  bill  he  placed  before  the  Legislature 
of  the  Province,  and  with  the  assistance  of 
Sir  Leonard  Tilley,  Judge  the  Hon.  John 
H.  Gray  and  other  members  of  the  House, 
got  the  bill  passed  granting  power  to  raise 
the  funds  required  for  the  building,  and  the 
support  of  it.  He  has  been  President  of  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  since  its  establish- 
ment in  1860.  He  is  chairman  of  the  Board 
of  Health  for  the  city  and  county  of  St.  John, 
having  been  appointed  by  the  Government 
in  1855  to  carry  out  the  Sanitary  Act  passed 
in  that  year.  He  was  elected  President  of 
the  New  Brunswick  Medical  Society  for  four 
years  in  succession,  resigning  the  situation 
in  1881.  He  was  elected  President  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


25 


Council  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New 
Brunswick  in  1881,  and  resigned  the  situa- 
tion in  1885,  not  feeling  justified  in  assum- 
ing the  responsibility  of  carrying  out  the 
Act,  the  Legislature  having  declined  to  pass 
amendments  to  it  required.  He  was  appoint- 
ed Coroner  for  the  city  and  county  of  St. 
John  in  1839,  resigning  the  situation  in 
1867.  During  his  tenure  of  office,  there 
was  but  one  coroner,  now  there  are  six 
with  very  small  increase  of  population.  The 
above  situations  were  unsolicited.  Dr.  Bay- 
ard was  at  one  time  the  New  Brunswick 
editor  of  the  Montreal  Medical  and  Surgi- 
cal Journal,  in  which  many  interesting 
articles  from  his  pen  may  be  found.  The 
arduous  duties  of  his  profession  compelled 
him  to  give  up  the  work.  "  He  is  regarded 
as  a  high  authority  on  any  branch  of  medi- 
cal science  which  he  sees  fit  to  discuss."  His 
address  to  the  Medical  Society  upon  the 
"  use  and  abuse  of  alcoholic  drinks,"  and  his 
lecture  at  the  Mechanics'  Institute  in  St. 
John  upon  the  "  Progress  of  Medicine,  Sur- 
gery and  Hygiene  during  the  last  one  hun- 
dred years,"  has  received  high  commenda- 
tion. His  politics  are  liberal-conservative. 
He  is  a  member  of  Trinity  Episcopal  church, 
and  an  exemplary  man  in  all  the  walks  of 
life.  The  wife  of  Dr.  Bayard  was  Susan 
Maria  Wilson,  daughter  of  John  Wilson, 
Esq.,  of  Chamcook,  near  St.  Andrew's,  in 
his  day  a  large  ship  owner  and  merchant, 
and  one  of  the  most  enterprising  men  in  the 
county.  It  may  be  said  that  the  St.  An- 
drew's and  Woodstock  railway  owes  its 
origin  to  his  energy.  It  was  from  him  that 
Dr.  Bayard  received  the  first  telegram  ever 
sent  to  St.  John,  as  follows:—"  To  Dr.  W. 
Bayard,  April  30th,  1851.  Being  the  first 
subscriber  to  the  Electric  Telegraph  Com- 
pany, I  am  honoured  by  the  first  communi- 
cation to  your  city,  announcing  this  great 
and  wonderful  work  God  has  made  known 
to  man,  by  giving  him  control  of  his  light- 
ning. Signed,  John  Wilson."  Dr.  Bayard 
was  married  in  the  year  1844,  and  his  wife 
died  in  the  year  1876,  leaving  no  children. 
She  was  a  woman  of  ability  and  fine  social 
qualities,  always  happiest  when  she  had  a 
house  full  of  friends,  and  was  a  splendid 
entertainer.  She  had  wonderful  energy  as 
shown  in  attending  to  the  details  of  domestic 
life,  in  looking  after  the  poor  and  unfortun- 
ate, and  in  visiting  the  Home  for  Aged 
Women,  the  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum, 
etc.,  etc.  She  was  truly  an  angel  of  mercy, 


and  her  death  was  nothing  short  of  a  cala- 
mity to  the  city.    Dr.  Bayard  has  not  again 
married. 
Stevens,  Rev.  Lorenzo  Gorliam, 

A.M.,  B.D.,  Portland,  St.  John,  was  born  hi 
Bedford,  Mass.,  U.S.A.,  on  26th  December, 
1846,  and  is  the  eldest  son  of  Lorenzo  Dow 
Stevens  and  Mary  Gorham  Parsons  Stevens. 
His  grandparents  on  his  father's  side  were 
Abel  Stevens,  whose  nephew,  Abel  Stevens, 
D.D.,  LL.D.,  is  one  of  the  leading  divines 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  the 
United  States  ;  and  Hadassa  Mills,  whose 
brother,  Luther  Mills,  was  a  distinguished 
graduate  of  Harvard  University,  in  the  class 
of  1792.  His  father's  cousin,  Edward  Lewis 
Stevens,  a  graduate  of  Harvard,  of  the  class 
of  1863,  and  afterwards  first  lieutenant  in  the 
44th  Mass.  Volunteer  Militia,  was  killed  at 
Boy  kin's  Mills,  near  Camden,  S.C.,  April 
18th,  1865.  His  grandfather  on  his  mother's 
side  was  Wilhelm  Edlund,  ship  owner  and 
merchant,  born  in  Stockholm,  Sweden.  The 
brother  of  this  gentleman  was  private  secre- 
tary to  Gustavus  III.  His  grandfather  left 
no  male  issue,  and  the  name,  so  far  as  can 
be  learned,  is  now  extinct  hi  America.  His 
grandmother,  on  his  mother's  side,  was  Abi- 
gail Hodges,  daughter  of  Abigail  Davis,  who 
was  cousin  of  Chief  Justice  Parsons,  of 
Massachusetts,  and  whose  brother,  Aaron 
Davis,  served  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill, 
under  Gen.  Warren,  and  received  a  musket 
ball  in  his  thigh  at  the  time.  His  mother's 
grandfather,  Joseph  Davis,  after  the  early 
death  of  his  wife  Abigail,  married  Christina 
Greene,  niece  of  Gen.  Greene,  one  of  the 
Division  Commanders  under  Gen.  Washing- 
ton. After  leaving  the  Francis  St.  grammar 
school,  Boston,  Lorenzo  Gorham  Stevens 
entered  the  (Roxbury)  Latin  School,  pro- 
fessor Buck,  principal,  where  he  remained 
five  years,  graduating  July,  1865.  He  then 
entered  Harvard  University,  and  remained 
four  years,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1869. 
His  favourite  studies  in  the  college  were  the 
languages,  history  and  mental  and  moral 
philosophy.  The  year  following  his  gradua- 
tion he  was  principal  of  the  English  depart- 
ment of  the  German-American  School,  in 
Morrisania,  New  York.  In  September,  1870, 
he  entered  the  Episcopal  Theological  Semi- 
nary, Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  remained  one 
year.  The  years  1872  and  1873  he  spent 
in  foreign  travel,  at  the  same  time  prosecu- 
ting his  theological  studies.  While  in  Berlin 
he  attended  at  the  University  the  lectures 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Dorner.  Mr.  Stevens 
travelled  as  far  east  as  St.  Petersburg,  and 
as  far  north  as  Upsala,  Sweden.  After  a 
most  enjoyable  tour  in  which  sight-seeing 
and  study  were  about  equally  combined,  he 
returned  to  the  Cambridge  Seminary,  and 
graduated  June,  1874.  His  diaconate  he 
spent  in  Massachusetts,  preaching  in  several 
places.  In  September,  1875,  he  became 
rector  of  Trinity  Church,  St.  Stephen,  N.B., 
and  in  January  of  the  following  year,  was 
admitted  to  the  order  of  priesthood  in  the 
cathedral,  Fredericton,  by  Bishop  Medley, 
now  metropolitan.  He  served  as  rector  of 
Trinity  church  three  years.  On  November, 
1878,  he  entered  upon  the  rectorship  of  St. 
Luke's  church,  Portland,  St.  John,  a  posi- 
tion he  still  holds.  Rev.  Mr.  Stevens  was 
chaplain  of  the  Sussex  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M. 
(St.  Stephen),  and  has  acted  as  chaplain 
for  other  lodges  at  various  times.  On 
August,  30,  1881  he  was  married  to  Susan 
Lynds,  only  surviving  child  of  Dr.  John 
Waddell,  superintendent  for  twenty-seven 
years  of  the  Provincial  Lunatic  Asylum,  St. 
John.  (A  sketch  of  his  life  will  be  found 
elsewhere  in  this  book. )  Of  this  marriage 
two  children  have  been  born,  Henry  Wad- 
dell,  March  24,  1883,  and  Edlund  Archi- 
bald, August  23,  1885. 

Klotz,  Otto,  Preston,  Ontario,  is  a 
native  of  Germany,  having  been  born  in  the 
city  of  Kiel,  on  the  shores  of  the  Baltic  sea, 
on  the  25th  of  November,  1817.  His  father, 
Jacob  Klotz,  was  the  junior  of  the  firm  of 
Klotz  &  Son  of  that  place.  After  the  death 
of  the  senior  member,  the  firm  was  continued 
for  many  years,  first  by  Jacob  Klotz,  and 
subsequently  by  his  younger  brother,  Chris- 
tian Klotz,  their  business  being  chiefly  the 
purchase  of  grain  and  shipping  it  to  Eng- 
land. Otto  Klotz  received  his  primary  edu- 
cation at  a  public  school  in  his  native  place, 
but  was  subsequently  educated  in  Luebeck; 
after  having  passed  his  final  examination 
creditably,  he  was  confirmed  in  conformity 
with  the  rites  of  the  Lutheran  Church  at  Kiel, 
and  thereupon  apprenticed  to  a  wine  mer- 
chant in  Luebeck,  where,  in  addition  to  his 
mother-tongue,  he  had  ample  opportunity 
of  making  use  of  French  and  English,  which 
languages  he  had  by  this  time  fairly  mastered. 
At  the  expiration  of  his  apprenticeship,  he 
returned  home.  In  the  spring  of  1837,  his 
uncle,  Christian  Klotz,  under  the  old  firm 
of  Klotz  &  Son,  sent  on  speculation  a  cargo 
of  wheat  to  America  (the  crops  having  failed 


in  1836),  and  young  Otto  Klotz  was  per- 
mitted to  make  a  trip  to  the  new  world  in 
his  uncle's  brig,  laden  with  wheat.  The 
requisite  arrangements  for  that  voyage  were 
soon  made,  and  since  neither  himself  nor  his 
relations  and  friends  considered  the  depar- 
ture as  being  of  long  duration,  but  rather  a 
pleasure  trip,  the  farewell  at  the  wharf  was 
neither  gloomy  nor  sombre,  although  his 
father  had  advised  him  to  inquire  for  a  good 
situation,  and  if  found  to  stay  for  a  few  years, 
and  then  return  with  a  good  store  of  general 
knowledge,  as  many  young  men  of  the  town 
had  done  before  him.  On  the  27th  of  March, 

1837,  the  anchor  was  weighed,  the  sails  set, 
and   the   Friedericke,   heavily   laden   with 
wheat,    sailed   out   of   Kiel   harbour    with, 
young  Klotz  on  board.     The  voyage  was 
completed  in  seventy -nine  long  days,  and  on 
the  14th  of  June,  anchor  was  cast  in  the 
East  Kiver,  at  New  York.    On  arrival  it  was 
found  that  the  wheat  was  heated,  and  the 
market  overstocked,  hence  the  speculation 
was  a  failure.     Otto   Klotz   found   to  his 
regret  that   owing  to  great   depression  in 
business    and    the    numerous    failures,    he 
could  not  procure  a  situation  hi  New  York. 
He  visited  Newark,  New  Jersey,  and  there 
met  a  German  farmer  from  Canada,  who 
proposed  to  him  the  taking  up  of  wild  land 
and  going  into  farming.     The  novelty  of 
this  proposal  appeared  to  have  some  charm 
and  was  really  entered  upon.     Writing  to 
his  father  informing  him  of  his  resolution, 
he  handed  the  letter  to  the  captain  of  his 
uncle's  brig,  bade   him  farewell,  and  left 
for   Canada.     Arrived  in  the  township  of 
McKillop,  in  the  Huron  Tract,  he  endeav- 
oured to  learn  what  was  required  in  order 
to   become  a  successful  farmer,  and  soon 
ascertained  that  for  a  young  man  standing 
alone  without  relations  or  friends  and  with- 
out any  knowledge  of  farming,  it  would  be 
unwise  to  take  up  land  and  "roughing  it 
in  the  bush;"  however  he  stayed  about  two 
months,    during   which   time   he   acquired 
considerable  proficiency  in  the  use  of  the 
axe,  helping  to  chop  and  put  up  log  houses 
in  the  neighbourhood.     He  left  McKillop 
in   October,    1837,   and   went   to   Preston, 
which  place  was  then  all  alive  with  new 
settlers  from  Germany.     He  engaged  for 
some  time  as  clerk  in  a  store,  and  thinking 
he  saw  a  good  opportunity,  he  started  in 
business  on  his  own  account  in  February, 

1838,  using  his  father's  letter  of  credit  in 
the  purchase  of  his  first  stock  of  goods.    In 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


27 


1839,  he  married  the  daughter  of  a  farmer 
of  the  township  of  Wilmot.  This  marriage 
proved  to  be  a  happy  one,  his  good  wife 
being  an  excellent  helpmate,  a  good  house- 
wife, a  dutiful  mother  and  an  exemplary 
spouse.  Shortly  after  young  Klotz  had 
settled  in  Preston,  he  became  acquainted 
with  an  old  English  gentleman,  William 
Scollick,  who  was  a  surveyor,  conveyancer 
and  a  commissioner  of  the  Court  of  Request, 
and  who  took  a  particular  fancy  to  him  and 
his  penmanship.  He  advised  him  to  learn 
conveyancing,  and  promised  to  instruct  him 
therein.  This  kind  offer  was  readily  accept- 
ed; the  pupil  employed  his  spare  moments 
in  studying  to  perfect  himself,  became  an 
apt  scholar,  and  after  the  death  of  old  Mr. 
Scollick,  became  his  successor  as  convey- 
ancer, a  business  which  proved  no  mean 
help  for  improving  his  pecuniary  circum- 
stances. Mr.  Klotz  was  made  a  naturalized 
British  subject  in  1844,  was  appointed  a 
notary  public  in  1846,  a  commissioner  for 
taking  affidavits  in  1848,  a  clerk  of  the 
Division  Court  in  1848,  and  a  justice  of  the 
peace  in  1853.  For  a  long  term  of  years, 
he  was  director  of  the  County  Agricultural 
Society,  and  once  its  president.  Of  the 
Preston  Mechanics'  Institute  and  Horticul- 
tural Society  he  has  been  president  from 
the  establishment  of  the  same.  Of  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Association  of 
Mechanics'  Institutes  for  Ontario,  he  was  a 
member  for  twelve  years,  during  six  of 
which  its  vice-president  and  for  two  years 
its  president,  and  by  virtue  of  these  offices 
a  member  of  the  Agricultural  Council  of 
Ontario.  But  the  office  which  he  has 
occupied  longest  and  in  which  he  has 
worked  with  greater  energy  than  in  any 
other,  is  that  of  School  Trustee.  When  in 
1841,  the  Public  Schools  Act  became  law, 
he  was  elected  one  of  the  School  Commis- 
sioners in  the  township  (the  title  was  sub- 
sequently changed  to  School  Trustee);  at 
the  expiration  of  his  term  he  was  re-elected, 
and  has  been  so  re-elected  ever  since.  A 
good  stone  school  building  with  a  teacher 
as  good  as  in  those  days  could  be  obtained 
was  the  result  of  his  early  work  in  the  cause 
of  education.  He  next  succeeded  in  getting 
permission  from  the  District  Council  to  have 
all  property  in  the  Presten  school  section 
taxed  for  a  free  school,  and  that  school  has 
been  free  ever  since,  although  in  former 
years  it  was  optional  with  the  rate-payers 
whether  their  school  should  be  free  or 


supported  by  a  rate  bill  per  pupil  attend 
ing  school.  After  Preston  became  incor- 
porated, he  was  appointed  local  superinten- 
dent of  schools,  and  in  that  capacity  he  was 
seventeen  years  a  member  of  the  County 
Board  of  Examiners  of  Teachers.  The 
scarcity  of  good  teachers  was  often  severely 
felt,  while  at  present  they  are  plentiful,  and 
Mr.  Klotz  obtained  permission  for  German 
teachers  to  be  examined  in  German,  and 
he  had  charge  of  preparing  the  questions 
for  such  examinations.  At  the  instance  of 
several  teachers,  he  prepared  and  published 
a  German  grammar  for  use  of  German  pupils 
and  others  studying  German.  In  1853,  he 
agitated  a  public  examination  of  all  the 
schools  in  the  county  ;  in  this  move  he  was 
ably  assisted  by  the  late  Dr.  Scott,  who  was 
then  the  warden  of  the  county.  The  county 
council  granted  $100  for  the  purchase  of 
prizes  to  be  distributed  among  the  success- 
ful competitors,  and  appointed  Mr.  Klotz 
to  make  the  requisite  arrangements,  which 
were  successfully  carried  out.  In  1865,  Mr. 
Klotz,  assisted  by  two  of  the  teachers  of  the 
Preston  school,  prepared  an  expose  of  "The 
Irish  National  Headers,"  which  at  that  time 
were  the  authorized  readers  for  the  common 
schools.  In  that  expose  the  writer  criticised 
the  spelling,  grammatical  construction,  his- 
torical blunders,  unsuitable  words  and  ex- 
pressions for  children,  unfitness  of  the  books 
for  Canadian  schools,  and  the  entire  absence 
therein  of  any  article  which  might  tend  to 
cultivate  in  the  minds  of  the  pupils  a  patri- 
otic feeling.  A  lengthy  and  animated  cor- 
respondence between  the  chief  superinten- 
dent, the  Rev.  Dr.  Ryerson,  and  Mr.  Klotz 
was  the  result  ;  but  notwithstanding  the 
same,  Mr.  Klotz  had  the  gratification  of 
seeing  "The  Irish  National  Readers"  su- 
perseded by  a  Canadian  series  of  Readers. 
As  president  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  Mr. 
Klotz  has  been  indefatigable  in  providing 
for  the  inhabitants  of  Preston  and  neigh- 
bourhood a  large  library  of  well  selected 
books,  numbering  in  1886  4,000  volumes, 
of  which  2,800  are  English,  and  1,200  Ger- 
man. In  politics  Mr.  Klotz  commenced  as 
early  as  1838,  then  hardly  a  year  in  Canada, 
to  take  an  active  part,  having  been  required 
to  shoulder  a  gun  and  to  stand  guard  at 
the  Grand  River  bridge,  upon  a  report  that 
a  band  of  rebels  under  lead  of  one  Duncan, 
was  coming  from  London  to  invade  Water- 
loo, which  however,  afterwards  proved  a 
false  repp'  .  He  concluded  that  if,  though 


28 


A  CYCLOP  JELIA  OF 


yet  an  alien,  he  was  required  to  risk  his  life 
in  defence  of  Canada,  he  would  claim  it  as  a 
right  to  speak  and  vote  upon  political  ques- 
tions. Shortly  after  the  Earl  of  Durham's 
Report  had  been  published,  mass  meetings 
were  held  in  several  parts  of  Upper  Canada 
to  discuss  the  same ;  and  Mr.  Klotz  was  one 
of  thirty-six  men,  mostly  old  settlers  of 
Waterloo  county,  who  by  hand-bills  called 
a  public  meeting  to  be  held  at  Preston,  on 
the  10th  day  of  August,  "  to  take  into  con- 
sideration the  deplorable  state  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Upper  Canada,  and  to  express  their 
opinion  thereon,  in  concurrence  with  the 
great  county  meeting  lately  held  at  Dundas, 
upon  the  glorious  report  of  the  Earl  of 
Durham."  One  of  those  handbills  is  still 
preserved  by  Mr.  Klotz  as  a  relic  of  his 
younger  days.  The  first  parliamentary  elec- 
tion which  came  on  was  held  at  Guelph, 
and  Mr.  Klotz  went  there  to  vote.  A  scru- 
tineer, the  late  Colonel  Hodgins,  asked  him: 
"  How  long  are  you  in  this  country,  sir  ?  " 
The  answer  was  given  with  firmness  :  "  Not 
quite  ten  years,  sir;"  the  respons  ewas:  "Oh, 
that  will  do ;  for  whom  do  you  vote  ?  "  "  for 
Mr.  James  Durand,  sir,"  said  Mr.  Klotz  and 
left  the  polling  place.  Mr.  Durand  was 
afterwards  declared  elected.  After  respon- 
sible government  had  been  granted  to  the 
people  of  Canada,  and  the  political  party 
which  adopted  the  name  "  Conservatives  " 
had  been  formed,  Mr.  Klotz  joined  that 
party,  and  he  has  ever  since  supported  it 
with  all  his  energy.  He  held  for  a  number 
of  years  the  office  of  secretary  of  that  party 
in  his  electoral  division,  and  in  later  years 
that  of  president  of  the  same.  For  the 
celebration  of  the  Peace  Jubilee,  held  at 
the  county  town,  Berlin,  shortly  after  the 
Franco-German  war,  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  German  societies,  and  as  such 
he  delivered  on  May  2nd,  1871,  in  front  of 
the  Court  House,  to  an  audience  of  several 
thousands,  the  Peace  Jubilee  address  ;  and 
subsequently  at  the  town  of  Waterloo,  on 
the  occasion  of  the  first  "  German  Saenger 
Fest"  in  Ontario,  being  held  there,  he 
delivered  to  an  overcrowded  house  at  the 
Agricultural  HaU,  the  address  in  German 
and  also  in  English.  The  old  Alien  Act 
requiring  a  residence  of  seven  years  before 
a  foreigner  could  become  a  naturalized  sub- 
ject, was  felt  by  many  Germans  to  be  too 
long  a  period  of  probation,  especially  since 
it  only  required  five  years'  residence  in  the 
United  States  to  become  a  citizen  there. 


Accordingly  Mr.  Klotz  agitated  the  matter 
through  the  medium  of  the  public  press, 
and  by  letters  to  members  of  Parliament 
and  to  the  government.  In  this  he  was 
ably  assisted  by  other  Germans,  and  their 
united  efforts  were  crowned  with  success, 
the  seven  years  being  first  reduced  to  five, 
and  later  to  three  years'  residence.  An 
attempt  was  made  by  him  to  induce  the 
British  government  to  extend  the  privileges 
of  a  person  naturalized  in  Canada,  over  the 
whole  British  empire  ;  but  in  this  attempt 
he  failed,  although  his  arguments  upon  that 
subject  had  been  kindly  forwarded  to  the 
British  government,  by  His  Excellency  the 
Governor-General.  It  appeared  that  the 
reasons  for  refusal  were  not  on  account 
of  Canada,  but  of  such  of  the  numerous 
British  possessions  which  still  number 
among  its  inhabitants  a  large  body  of  semi- 
civilized  peoples,  through  whom  serious 
difficulties  might  arise,  if  such  colonies 
were  also  to  apply  and  obtain  the  like 
privileges  which  were  asked  for  Canada. 
Among  the  Masonic  fraternity,  the  name  of 
Otto  Klotz  has  become  a  household  word. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  same  in  1846, 
and  has  ever  since  been  an  active  and 
energetic  worker  of  the  Mystic  tie.  He  is 
an  old  member  of  the  Grand  Lodge  and 
served  without  interruption  as  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  General  Purposes  since  1864. 
He  made  the  subject  of  Benevolence  his 
special  study,  and  the  present  system  of 
distributing  aid,  and  of  regulating  grants 
is  his  work  ;  in  acknowledgment  of  which, 
the  Grand  Lodge  presented  him  in  1873 
with  a  .handsome  testimonial.  He  continued 
his  noble  work  with  unabated  energy,  adding 
from  time  to  time  improvements  suggested 
by  experience,  and  in  1885,  after  twenty-one 
consecutive  years  as  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Benevolence,  the  Grand  Lodge 
conferred  upon  him  the  highest  honour,  by 
unanimously  electing  him  a  Past  Grand 
Master,  and  voting  for  the  purchase  of 
a  handsome  and  costly  Grand  Master's 
regalia,  which,  with  an  elaborate  address 
beautifully  engraved,  were  presented  to 
him  at  a  later  day  at  his  mother  lodge,  the 
old  Barton,  No.  6,  in  the  city  of  Hamilton, 
in  presence  of  one  of  the  largest  gatherings 
of  the  fraternity  ever  assembled  there. 
Besides  this  great  honour  conferred  upon 
him,  and  the  many  fraternal  greetings  and 
tributes  paid  him  on  that  occasion  by  the 
brethren  assembled,  he  had  the  additional 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


29 


pleasure  of  the  presence  of  three  of  his  sons, 
two  of  whom  as  Past  Masters  of  Preston 
lodge,  and  the  youngest  as  Master  of  the 
Lodge  of  Strict  Observance,  in  Hamilton ; 
and  the  gratification  of  a  most  cordial  and 
fraternal  reception  of  them  by  the  brethren 
assembled,  as  worthy  sons  of  a  worthy  father. 
The  family  of  Mr.  Klotz  and  his  good  wife 
consists  of  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  of 
whom  three  sons  and  one  daughter  are 
married  and  have  families,  while  the  eldest 
son  and  youngest  daughter  have  remained 
single.  They  are  all  living  in  comfortable 
circumstances,  highly  respected  by  all  who 
know  them,  and  the  just  pride  of  their  aged 
parents.  A  family  gathering  which  occurs 
once  a  year  is  always  accompanied  by  those 
genuine  pleasures  which  are  in  store  for  a 
happy  family  in  which  strife  and  bickerings 
are  unknown  quantities.  At  one  of  these 
gatherings  the  unanimous  wish  of  Mr. 
Klotz's  children  was  expressed  that  he 
should  retire  from  business,  and  spend  with 
his  good  wife  the  remaining  years  of  his 
life  in  rest  and  comfort  Arrangements 
were  made  accordingly,  and  in  1881,  he 
retired  from  business,  since  which  time  he 
has  been  living  on  his  income,  with  his  wife 
and  unmarried  daughter  in  a  commodious 
dwelling,  enjoying  that  repose  and  comfort 
which  is  the  just  reward  of  honest  industry. 
Waddell,  John,  M.D.  The  late  Dr. 
Waddell,  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  was 
the  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Waddell,  a  native 
of  Shotts,  Scotland.  The  latter  was  educat- 
ed at  Glasgow,  and  came  to  Nova  Scotia  in 
1797,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  of  Truro.  He  was  married  in  1802 
to  a  daughter  of  Jotham  Blanchard  (a 
loyalist  from  Massachusetts,  and  a  colonel 
in  one  of  the  loyalist  regiments).  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Waddell  officiated  on  the  occasion  of 
the  opening  of  the  old  St.  Andrew's  Kirk, 
in  St.  John,  N.B.  (destroyed  by  the  great 
fire),  having  delivered  the  first  sermon  in 
the  church  in  which  his  son,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  fifty  years  afterwards  became  a 
prominent  and  influential  elder.  Dr.  Wad- 
dell was  born  in  Truro,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  17th  of  March,  1810.  When  quite  a 
boy,  his  mother  died.  After  attending  the 
Grammar  school  at  Truro,  kept  by  Mr. 
James  Irving,  he  entered  the  Pictou  Acad- 
emy, under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  McCulloch 
(the  able  Biblical  controversialist,  whose 
discussions  with  Bishop  Burke,  of  Halifax, 
made  his  name  famous  throughout  Nova 


Scotia).  After  leaving  the  academy,  he 
went  into  mercantile  business  in  his  native 
town,  and  so  continued  until  the  autumn 
of  1833,  when  he  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  under  Dr.  Lynds.  He  next  pro- 
ceeded to  Glasgow,  Scotland,  where  he  pur- 
sued his  studies  with  untiring  assiduity,  and 
received  his  diploma,  October  18th,  1839, 
from  the  Eoyal  College  of  Surgeons,  Lon- 
don. He  then  went  to  Paris,  and  continued 
there  two  years,  attending  the  medical  lec- 
tures given  by  some  of  the  most  scientific 
men  of  the  French  capital.  On  his  return 
to  Nova  Scotia,  in  1840,  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  Truro.  The  same 
year  he  married  Susan,  the  only  daughter 
of  his  first  medical  teacher,  Dr.  Lynds. 
The  following  year  she  died.  Five  years 
afterwards  he  married  Jane  Walker  Blan- 
chard, daughter  of  Edward  Blanchard,  of 
Truro.  In  1849,  Dr.  WaddeU  was  appointed 
by  His  Excellency,  Sir  Edmund  Head,  to 
the  situation  of  medical  superintendent  of 
the  New  Brunswick  Lunatic  Asylum,  a 
position  whose  arduous  and  multifarious 
duties  he  discharged  with  signal  success, 
until  his  retirement  in  the  spring  of  1876, 
a  period  of  twenty-seven  years.  When  he 
took  charge  of  the  asylum,  at  the  age  oi 
thirty-nine,  he  was  the  very  personificatioE 
of  vigorous  health.  He  was  tall  and  finely 
proportioned.  Humanly  speaking  there  wag 
in  him  the  promise  of  the  attainment  of  a  life 
of  four  score  years  and  more.  He  sprang 
from  a  long-li ved  race.  His  step  was  elastic 
and  his  form  erect  ;  his  mind  was  buoyant 
and  full  of  love  for  the  work  he  had  but  jusl 
undertaken.  By  his  kind  and  gentlemanly 
manner,  he  was  singularly  capable  of  dealing 
with  those  unfortunates  who  required  sc 
much  of  paternal  care  and  solicitude.  And 
yet,  with  this  urbanity  and  goodness,  then 
was  firmness  of  character,  so  much  required 
by  the  rules  of  discipline,  which  never  failed 
to  exact  obedience,  but  it  was  the  obedience 
of  a  child  to  a  parent.  When  Dr.  Waddel 
assumed  the  duties  of  his  office,  there  were 
but  eighty  patients  in  the  establishment 
which  number  gradually  increased  until  the 
figures  reached,  at  the  time  of  his  retirement 
three  hundred,  besides  about  fifty  domestics 
With  every  successive  year,  from  1849,  then 
was  a  steady  increase  of  work — work  of  th< 
most  sorrowful  description — and  with  it  < 
corresponding  amount  of  care,  anxiety  anc 
responsibility.  And  yet,  Dr. Waddell  workec 
on,  day  after  day,  in  the  same  unweariec 


30 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


round  for  twenty-seven  years,  devoting  the 
fiower  of  his  days,  his  vigour,  his  manhood 
to  a  task  which  led  ultimately  to  the  destruc- 
tion of  a  once  powerful  constitution.  At  the 
earnest  request  of  his  family — whose  mem- 
bers had  always  been  closely  knit  and  com- 
pacted together  by  the  most  tender  cords  of 
affection — he  retired  from  the  asylum  in  the 
spring  of  1876,  under  the  expectation  that 
with  rest  and  freedom  from  care  and  anxiety, 
he  would  be  enabled  to  take  a  new  lease  of 
life.  But  instead  of  that  repose  for  which 
retirement  was  sought,  it  was  found  that  a 
change  from  an  active  to  a  passive  life  was 
more  than  his  shattered  constitution  could 
withstand.  The  day  he  laid  down  his  staff 
and  turned  his  back  upon  the  asylum  he 
loved  so  well  and  served  so  faithfully,  that 
day  Dr.  Waddell's  work  upon  earth  was 
ended.  Bowed  down  with  the  infirmities  of 
a  premature  old  age,  he  lingered  till  August 
29th,  1878,  when  he  passed  away  at  the 
age  of  sixty-eight.  Probably  no  man  in  the 
province  of  New  Brunswick  was  better  or 
more  generally  known  than  Dr.  Waddell, 
and  there  are  few  whose  name  and  works 
will  be  held  in  more  grateful  remembrance 
by  its  inhabitants.  His  only  surviving  child, 
Susan  Lynds  (by  his  second  marriage), 
was  married  August  30th,  1881,  to  the 
Rev.  Lorenzo  Gorham  Stevens,  rector  of  St. 
Luke's  Church,  Portland,  St.  John,  N.B.,  a 
sketch  of  whose  life  will  be  found  elsewhere. 
MacVicar,  Rev.  Malcolm,  Ph.  D., 
LL.D.,  Professor  of  Apologetics  and  Chris- 
tian Ethics,  McMaster  Hall  (Baptist  College), 
Toronto,  was  born  on  the  30th  September, 
1829,  in  Argyleshire,  Scotland.  His  father, 
John  Mac  Vicar,  was  a  farmer  in  Dunglass, 
near  Campbeltown,  Kintyre,  Scotland,  and 
was  known  as  a  man  of  great  physical  and 
intellectual  vigour,  and  was  well  known  in 
his  native  Scotland  and  the  land  of  his 
adoption,  Canada,  for  his  ability,  generosity 
and  sterling  integrity.  His  wife,  Janet 
MacTavish,  possessed  a  similar  character, 
and  reached  the  age  of  ninety-two  years 
before  she  died,  having  seen  her  children's 
children  in  positions  of  usefulness  and  in- 
fluence. Malcolm,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  one  of  twelve  children,  and  came  with  his 
parents  to  Canada  in  1835,  and  settled  on  a 
firm  at  Chatham,  Ontario.  His  early  years 
were  spent  at  first  on  a  farm,  then  at  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  where  he  learned  the  trade  of  ship 
carpenter.  Being  ambitious  and  anxious  to 
get  on,  he  decided  to  secure  an  education,  and 


along  with  his  brother  Donald,  now  Princi- 
pal of  the  Presbyterian  College  in  Montreal, 
went  to  Toronto,  in  1850,  and  entered  Knox 
College  to  study  for  the  Presbyterian  Minis- 
try, where  he  remained  for  two  years.  In 
the  meantime  his  views  of  doctrines  having 
undergone  a  change,  he  became  connected 
with  the  Baptist  denomination,  and  turned 
his  attention  to  teaching  and  fitting  young 
men  for  the  Toronto  University,  preaching 
occasionally.  He  was  ordained  to  the  Bap- 
tist Ministry  in  1856.  In  1858  he  went  to 
Rochester,  New  York  State,  and  entered  the 
senior  class  at  the  University  of  Rochester, 
taking  his  degree  of  B.  A.  the  following 
summer.  He  immediately  went  to  Brock- 
port,  in  the  same  county,  where  he  became 
a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Brockport 
Collegiate  Institute,  then  under  the  princi- 
palship  of  Dr.  David  Barbank.  Here,  with 
the  exception  of  one  year  spent  in  the  Cen- 
tral School  at  Buffalo,  he  remained  until 
the  spring  of  1867  (when  that  institution 
was  transformed  into  a  Normal  School),  first 
as  subordinate,  then  as  associate  principal, 
and  from  April,  1864,  sole  principal  of  the 
school.  He  was  a  very  successful  teacher 
from  the  first,  being  full  of  energy,  and 
ambitious  to  devise  new  and  improved  me- 
thods of  illustrating  and  impressing  the 
truth.  Nor  were  the  class-room  walls  the 
limit  of  his  intellectual  horizon,  but  he  was 
constantly  seeking  some  better  plan  of  or- 
ganizing the  educational  work  immediately 
in  hand,  and  over  the  whole  state.  He  was 
quickly  recognized  by  the  regents  of  the 
University  as  one  of  the  foremost  teachers 
and  principals  in  the  state.  In  August, 
1865,  he,  by  appointment,  read  a  paper 
before  the  convocation  of  that  body  on  In- 
ternal Organization  of  Academies,  which 
looked  towards  and  proved  the  first  step 
towards  putting  in  practice  regent's  ex- 
aminations in  the  academies  as  a  basis  for 
distribution  of  the  income  of  the  literary 
fund.  He  was  shortly  afterwards  appoint- 
ed by  the  chancellor,  chairman  of  a  com- 
mittee of  principals  of  academies  to  consider 
the  practical  workings  and  results  of  the 
system  of  regent's  examinations  just  being 
instituted.  During  these  years  of  his  con- 
nection with  the  Collegiate  Institute,  he  took 
a  lively  interest  in  the  subject  of  the  so-called 
normal  training  in  academies,  and  became 
convinced  that  the  utmost  that  could  be 
done  for  teachers'  classes  under  the  circum- 
stances was  too  little  to  meet  the  needs  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


31 


common  schools  of  the  state.  He,  therefore, 
with  the  advice  and  cooperation  of  friends 
of  education  in  Brockport  and  Rochester, 
and  the  Hon.  Victor  M.  Bice,  then  state 
superintendent,  proposed  to  the  State  Legis- 
lature, in  1865-66,  a  bill  authorizing  the 
establishment  of  a  Normal  and  Training 
School  at  Brockport,  and  offering  to  trans- 
fer the  Institute  property  to  the  state  for 
that  purpose  on  very  liberal  terms.  Sub- 
sequently this  measure  was  so  modified  as 
to  provide  for  four  schools  instead  of  one, 
and  to  leave  the  location  of  them  to  a  board 
consisting  of  the  governor,  state  superinten- 
dent and  state  officers  and  others.  In  this 
form  the  bill  became  law.  It  now  became 
necessary  to  adopt  some  definite  plan 
of  organization  for  the  new  schools,  and 
Superintendent  Bice  at  once  turned  to 
Professor  MacYicar  for  assistance.  The 
professor  submitted  a  plan,  which,  with 
some  slight  modifications,  was  adopted 
and  became  the  basis  for  the  organization 
of  all  the  schools  under  the  law.  In  con- 
sideration of  the  services  rendered  by  Pro- 
fessor Mac  Vicar  and  other  friends  of  the 
cause,  the  first  school  was  located  in  Brock- 
port,  with  Professor  Mac  Vicar  as  its  princi- 
pal, and  he  immediately  set  to  work  to  or- 
ganize this  school,  and  opened  it  in  the 
spring  of  1867,  having  among  the  members 
of  his  faculty,  Professor  Charles  McLean, 
William  J.  Milne  and  J.  H.  Hoose,  now  the 
Principals  of  the  Normal  schools  of  Brock- 
port,  Genesee  and  Courtland.  The  first 
year  of  Normal  school  work,  carried  on  as 
it  was  in  connection  with  planning  and 
supervising  the  erection  of  the  new  build- 
ings, proved  a  very  trying  one  to  Principal 
Mac  Vicar,  and  his  health  giving  way  under 
the  pressure,  he  resolved  to  offer  his  resig- 
nation at  the  end  of  the  school  year  of 
1867-8.  This  he  accordingly  did,  but  the 
state  superintendent,  preferring  not  to  lose 
him  from  the  state,  granted  him  a  year's 
leave  of  absence,  instead  of  accepting  his 
resignation.  He  then  took  a  trip  west, 
during  the  summer  of  1868,  and  was  invited 
to  become  superintendent  of  the  schools  of 
the  city  of  Leavenworth  ;  after  some  con- 
sideration, he  accepted  this  position,  and 
remained  there  until  the  following  April, 
in  the  meantime  reorganizing  the  schools 
from  bottom  to  top,  a  work  that  had  been 
neglected  hitherto.  His  western  trip  having 
restored  him  to  perfect  health,  he  returned 
to  New  York  state,  but  thought  it  best  not 


to  again  take  up  his  work  at  Brockport. 
A  Normal  School  having  been  located  in 
Potsdam,  St.  Lawrence  county,  and  about 
ready  to  open,  he  was  invited  to  become  its 
principal,  and  accepted  the  office.  He  at 
once  gathered  around  him  a  corps  of  teach- 
ers, and  opened  his  second  Normal  school, 
three  weeks  after  he  left  Leavenworth.  The 
regents  of  the  University  welcomed  him  back 
to  the  state,  and  expressed  their  estimation 
of  his  ability  by  conferring  upon  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy,  in  the 
summer  of  1869,  and  his  alma  mater  added 
an  LL.D.  the  following  year.  The  school 
at  Potsdam  was  no  sooner  organized  than 
he  gave  himself  anew  to  the  study  of 
methods  of  instruction  and  the  philosophy 
of  education,  for  which  he  possessed  a 
peculiar  aptitude.  Being  encouraged  by 
the  other  principals  to  work  out  his  ideas 
into  permanent  shape  for  the  general  good, 
he  became  the  author  of  several  books  on 
arithmetic;  he  also  became  the  author  and 
inventor  of  various  important  devices  to 
illustrate,  objectively,  principles  of  arith- 
metic, geography  and  astronomy.  Mean- 
while there  arose  a  degree  of  friction  be- 
tween the  academies  and  Normal  schools 
of  the  state,  which  made  itself  felt  in  the 
legislative  session  of  1876,  in  a  threat  to  cut 
off  the  appropriations  from  the  Normal 
schools,  unless  the  academies  were  treated 
more  liberally.  At  the  next  meeting  of  the 
Normal  school  principals,  the  matter  was 
discussed,  and  the  cause  of  the  difficulty 
was  found  to  be  the  double-headed  man- 
agement of  their  educational  system.  It 
was  agreed  that  the  remedy  for  the  existing 
difficulties  was  found  in  uniting  the  man- 
agement of  all  the  schools  of  the  state  under 
one  head.  Dr.  Mac  Vicar  and  Dr.  Sheldon, 
of  the  Oswego  Normal  school,  were  appoint- 
ed to  urge  this  view  on  the  State  Legislature 
at  its  next  session.  They  conferred  with  a 
deputation  of  academy  principals,  and  won 
their  approval  of  the  plan  prepared.  It  was 
then  embodied  in  a  bill,  and  brought  before 
the  legislature  in  1877.  Although  much 
time  was  spent  in  bringing  the  matter  be- 
fore the  committees  of  the  assembly  and 
the  senate,  and  many  of  the  prominent  men 
of  both  houses,  who  generally  approved  of 
the  measure,  yet  the  private  interests  of 
aspirants  to  the  office  of  state  superinten- 
dents conflicted  with  it,  and  it  was  thrown 
out  when  it  came  up  for  a  hearing.  In  the 
autumn  of  1880,  Dr.  Mac  Vicar  was  invited 


32 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


to  take  the  principalship  of  the  Michigan 
State  Normal  school,  at  Ypsilanti,  and 
finding  it  the  only  school  of  the  kind  in 
that  state,  and  there  being  no  diversity  of 
interest  in  the  educational  management  of 
the  state,  it  seemed  to  offer  an  opportunity 
for  something  like  ideal  Normal  school 
work,  so  he  accepted  the  position.  He 
remained  there,  however,  but  one  year, 
when,  being  thoroughly  worn  out  with  hard 
work,  and  being  urgently  pressed  to  join 
the  faculty  of  the  Toronto  Baptist  College, 
just  then  opened,  he  resigned  his  position 
in  Michigan  and  came  to  Canada.  Dr. 
Mac  Vicar  excels  as  a  mathematician  and 
metaphysician,  having  read  extensively  in 
both  directions,  as  well  as  in  the  natural 
sciences.  He  has  also  made  the  relation  of 
science  and  religion  a  special  study,  and  is 
now  investigating  the  wide  field  of  Christian 
Apologetics.  As  a  writer  and  in  the  class- 
room, he  is  characterized  by  the  utmost 
clearness  and  force,  and  his  career  as  an 
educator  has  been  eminently  successful. 
It  has  fallen  to  his  lot  to  perform  a  vast 
amount  of  hard  work  in  all  of  which  he  has 
shown  a  spirit  of  self-sacrifice  in  a  remark- 
able degree,  through  which  he  has  been  the 
means  of  advancing  many  others  to  posi- 
tions of  high  trust  and  usefulness.  His  in- 
vestigations in  the  science  of  education  are 
critical  and  original,  being  based  upon  ex- 
tensive observation  and  a  large  induction  of 
facts.  Having  for  twenty -five  years  taught 
a  wide  range  of  subjects,  and  being  naturally 
possessed  of  strong  and  well  trained  logical 
powers,  he  is  well  qualified  to  analyze  the 
human  mind  and  all  that  is  concerned  in 
its  proper  education  and  harmonious  de- 
velopment. To  this  work  he  now  devotes 
such  time  as  can  be  spared  from  strictly 
professional  duties.  As  a  theologian  his 
views  are  definite  and  comprehensive,  thor- 
oughly evangelical  and  uncompromisingly 
opposed  to  the  materialistic  pantheism,  and 
philosophical  and  scientific  scepticism  of 
the  present  day.  On  the  1st  of  January, 
1865,  Dr.  Mac  Vicar  was  married  to  Isabella 
McKay,  of  Chatham,  and  has  a  family 
consisting  of  three  sons  and  one  daughter. 
Heavy §ege,  Charles,  the  gifted  au- 
thor of  "  Saul,"  was  born  in  Liverpool,  Eng- 
land, May  2nd,  1816.  On  his  arrival  in 
Canada  in  1853,  he  took  up  his  residence 
in  Montreal,  where  for  a  time  he  worked 
as  a  machinist,  earning  by  hard  labour  a 
modest  subsistence  for  himself  and  his 


family.  Afterwards  he  became  a  local  re- 
porter on  the  staff  of  the  Montreal  Daily 
Witness;  but,  as  has  been  the  case  with 
many  another  son  of  genius,  his  life  was 
one  long  struggle  with  poverty.  Through 
all  his  earlier  years  of  toil  and  harassing 
cares,  he  devoted  himself  to  study  and 
poetical  composition,  but  published  nothing 
till  he  was  nearly  forty  years  of  age.  A 
poem  in  blank  verse  saw  the  light  in  1854. 
This  production,  crude,  no  doubt,  and  im- 
mature, met  with  a  chilling  reception,  even 
from  his  friends.  Some  time  afterwards 
appeared  a  collection  of  fifty  sonnets,  many 
of  them  vigorous  and  even  lofty  in  tone,  but 
almost  all  of  them  defective  in  execution, 
owing  to  the  author's  want  of  early  cul- 
ture. "  Saul,"  his  greatest  work,  was  pub- 
lished in  1857,  and  fortunately  fell  into 
the  hands  of  Hawthorne,  then  a  resident  of 
Liverpool,  who  had  it  favourably  noticed 
in  the  North  British  Revieiv.  Longfellow 
and  Emerson,  too,  spoke  highly  of  its  ex- 
cellence, the  former  pronouncing  it  to  be 
"  the  best  tragedy  written  since  the  days  of 
Shakespeare."  Canadians  then  discovered 
that  Heavysege  was  a  genius,  and  made 
partial  atonement  for  their  neglect  ;  but 
even  to  the  end  the  poet's  struggle  with 
fortune  was  a  bitter  one.  In  1857,  he  pub- 
lished "  Saul :  A  scriptural  tragedy."  "Count 
Flippo  or,  The  Unequal  Marriage  : "  a 
drama  in  five  acts  (1860).  This  production 
is  inferior  to  "  Saul,"  not  only  because  it  does 
not  possess  the  epic  sublimity  of  the  sacred 
drama,  but  because  in  it  there  is  too  much 
straining  after  effect,  the  characterization  is 
defective,  and  the  criticism  of  life  displayed 
is  not  of  the  highest  quality.  "  Jephthah's 
Daughter,"  (1865):  a  drama  which  follows 
closely  the  scriptural  narrative,  and,  so  far 
as  concerns  artistic  execution,  is  superior  to 
"  Saul."  The  lines  flow  with  greater  smooth- 
ness ;  there  are  fewer  commonplace  expres- 
sions, and  the  author  has  gained  a  firmer 
mastery  over  the  rhetorical  aids  of  figures 
of  speech.  His  mind,  however,  shows  no 
increase  in  strength,  and  we  miss  the  rugged 
grandeur  and  terrible  delineations  of  his 
earliest  drama.  "  The  Advocate: "  a  novel 
(1865).  Besides  these  works,  Heavysege 
produced  many  shorter  pieces,  one  of  the 
finest  of  which,  "  The  Dark  Huntsman,"  was 
sent  to  the  Canadian  Monthly  just  before 
his  death.  To  Art  Heavysege,  so  his  critics 
say,  owed  little.  Even  his  most  elaborate 
productions  are  defaced  by  unmusical  lines, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


33 


prosaic  phrases  and-  sentences,  and  faults  of 
taste  and  judgment.  But  he  owed  much  to 
Nature  ;  for  he  was  endowed  with  real  and 
fervid,  though  unequal  and  irregular,  genius. 
To  the  circumstances  of  his  life,  as  much  as 
to  the  character  of  his  mind,  may  be  attri- 
buted the  pathetic  sadness  that  pervades  his 
works.  Occasionally,  it  is  true,  there  is  a 
faint  gleam  of  humour ;  but  it  is  grim 
humour,  which  never  glows  with  geniality  or 
concentrates  into  wit.  Irony  and  quaint  sar- 
casm, too,  display  themselves  in  some  of  the 
Spirit  scenes  in  "  Saul."  But  for  sublimity 
of  conception  and  power  of  evoking  images 
of  horror  and  dread,  Heavysege  was  unsur- 
passed except  by  the  masters  of  our  litera- 
ture. He  possessed  also,  an  intimate  know- 
ledge of  the  workings  of  the  human  heart  ; 
his  delineations  of  character  were  powerful 
and  distinct ;  and  his  pictures  of  impassion- 
ed emotion  are  wonderful  in  their  epic 
grandeur.  Every  page  of  his  dramas  be- 
trays an  ardent  study  of  the  Bible,  Milton, 
and  Shakespeare,  both  in  the  reproduction 
of  images  and  thoughts,  and  in  the  prevail- 
ing accent  of  his  style.  But  he  had  an 
originality  of  his  own  ;  for  many  of  his 
sentences  are  remarkable  for  their  genuine 
power,  and  keen  and  concentrated  energy. 
Here  and  there,  too,  we  meet  with  exquisite 
pieces  of  description,  and  some  of  the  lyrics 
in  "  Saul "  are  full  of  rich  fancy  and  musical 
cadence.  Without  early  culture,  and  amid 
the  toilsome  and  uncongenial  labours  of  his 
daily  life,  Heavysege  has  established  his 
right  to  a  foremost  place  in  the  Canadian 
Temple  of  Fame  :  what  might  he  not  have 
done  for  himself  and  his  adopted  country, 
had  he  been  favoured  by  circumstances  as 
he  was  by  Nature  !  His  death  took  place 
at  Montreal,  in  August,  1876. 

Torrance,  Rev.  Robert,  D.  D., 
Guelph,  Ontario,  was  born  at  Markethill, 
county  of  Armagh,  Ireland,  on  the  23rd  of 
May,  1825,  and  was  the  youngest  of  seven 
sons.  His  ancestor  on  his  father's  side — 
M.  Torrance — left  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  dur- 
ing the  times  of  the  persecution,  and  set- 
tled in  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  their  de- 
scendants have  lived  there,  in  the  same 
locality,  ever  since.  Robert  Torrance,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  went  to  school  at 
an  early  age  in  his  native  village,  and  re- 
mained under  the  same  tutor  until  he  was 
ten  years  old,  when  he  began  the  study 
of  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages.  In 
1837,  his  parents  removed  to  Glenluce, 
B 


Wigtonshire,  Scotland,  and  here  Robert 
entered  the  school  in  this  place,  and  con- 
tinued the  studies  he  had  already  begun 
before  leafing  Ireland,  and  began  others 
preparatory  to  the  life-work  selected  for  him 
by  his  parents.  In  1839,  he  was  enrolled  as 
a  student  in  the  Royal  Academical  Institu- 
tion, Belfast,  then  or  shortly  afterwards 
affiliated  with  the  London  University ;  then 
he  studied  Greek  and  logic,  and  belles- 
lettres  ;  mental  and  moral  philosophy  uu- 
der  Dr.  Robert  Wilson  ;  mathematics  under 
Prof.  Young  ;  natural  philosophy,  includ- 
ing astronomy  and  optics,  and  Hebrew 
under  Professor  Harte,  assistant  to  Dr. 
Hincks,  who  was  then  an  old  man,  and  con- 
fined his  attention  to  the  senior  class.  This 
Dr.  Hincks,  was  the  father  of  the  celebrated 
Oriental  scholar,  Dr.  Hincks,  and  of  the  late 
Sir  Francis  Hincks,  whose  name  is  well 
known  in  Canada.  After  the  completion  of 
his  art  course  and  passing  the  usual  examin- 
ation by  the  Presbytery  in  whose  bounds  he 
resided,  he  entered  on  the  study  of  divinity, 
in  the  halls  of  the  United  Secession  Church 
in  Scotland.  His  first  session  was  spent  in 
Glasgow,  and  the  subsequent  ones  in  Edin- 
burgh. His  course  was  completed  in  1845, 
with  the  exception  of  one  session,  and,  as 
there  was  great  want  at  that  time  for  mis- 
sionaries to  go  out  to  Canada,  he  offered  his 
services,  and  was  accepted,  it  being  agreed, 
under  the  circumstances,  to  exempt  him 
from  attending  the  last  or  fifth  session  on 
his  furnishing  testimonials  as  to  fitness  for 
the  field  and  work.  These  having  been  pro- 
duced to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Missions,  of  which  Dr.  John 
McKerrow  was  convener,  the  Presbytery  of 
Kinross  was  instructed  to  take  him  on  trials 
for  license,  with  a  view  to  his  proceeding  to 
Canada.  According  to  appointment,  these 
trials  were  delivered  in  the  church  at  Inver- 
keithing,  a  village  in  Fifeshire,  about  four 
miles  south  from  Dunfermline.  Having 
passed  the  Presbytery  and  been  licensed, 
he  preached  two  Sabbath  days  in  Scotland, 
one  for  Rev.  Dr.  MacKelvie,  in  Balgedie, 
in  whose  family  he  had  been  tutor  for  three 
seasons  ;  and  the  other  for  Rev.  Mr.  Puller, 
in  Glenluce,  where  he  had  spent  his  boyhood. 
He  then  at  once  left  for  Liverpool,  taking 
his  parents  with  him,  and  from  that  port 
sailed,  in  a  few  days,  for  New  York,  which 
was  reached  safely  after  a  voyage  of  four 
weeks.  Without  delay,  he  proceeded  to  To- 
ronto, and  there  occupied  the  pulpit  of  Rev. 


34 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Mr.  Jennings  for  a  few  Sabbaths,  Mr.  Jen- 
nings being  at  the  time  in  Scotland  recruit- 
ing his  health.  Mr.  Torrance  spent  one  year 
as  a  probationer,  travelling  through  the  west- 
ern section  of  Canada,  from  Toronto  to 
Goderich  and  Detroit,  as  he  had  deter- 
mined not  to  settle  down  in  a  charge  till  he 
had  gone  over  a  good  part  of  the  mission 
field,  and  given  as  much  supply  as  in  his 
power.  Travelling  in  those  days  was  far 
from  possessing  the  conveniences  and  com- 
forts now  enjoyed.  There  were  no  railways; 
in  several  of  the  districts  there  were  no  stage 
coaches.  The  probationer  was  thus  under 
the  necessity  of  purchasing  a  horse,  and 
making  his  journeys  on  horseback.  In  win- 
ter he  was  exposed  at  times  to  intense  cold, 
and  in  summer  to  prostrating  heat.  He  had 
to  clothe  himself  for  such  changes  of  tem- 
perature. Koads  were  sometimes  obstructed 
with  snow,  and  he  had  to  wait  till  parties 
turned  out  and  made  them  passable,  or 
opened  up  a  way  through  adjoining  fields ; 
in  spring  and  fall  there  was  deep  mud  and 
often  the  horse  had  difficulty  in  getting 
through,  and  some  of  the  stations  were  diffi- 
cult of  access  from  other  causes,  such  as  their 
recent  formation.  Accommodation  when  he 
reached  his  destination,  was  not  always 
such  as  he  had  been  accustomed  to  in  the 
fatherland.  But  the  people  were  uniformly 
kind  and  courteous ;  they  gave  the  best  they 
had  ungrudgingly,  often  wishing  it  were 
better  ;  and  extended  a  cordial  welcome. 
Many  an  event  then  befell  him  which  inter- 
ested him  at  the  time  and  still  lingers  in  his 
recollection.  After  receiving  and  declining 
calls  from  three  or  four  congregations,  he 
accepted  a  call  from  a  congregation  in 
Guelph,  and  was  ordained  and  inducted  on 
the  llth  of  November,  1846.  He  remained 
in  this  charge  till  January,  1882,  when  his 
resignation  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  the 
Presbytery,  and  its  acceptance  pressed. 
Towards  the  close  of  the  same  month  the 
pastoral  relationship  to  his  congregation 
was  dissolved,  the  General  Assembly  giving 
permission  to  retain  his  name  on  the  Koll 
of  Presbytery.  Since  that  time  he  has  not 
had  a  stated  charge,  but  has  been  frequently 
employed  as  moderator  of  sessions  of  vacant 
congregations  in  the  bounds,  and  doing  other 
work  of  a  ministerial  character.  Shortly 
after  his  settlement  in  Guelph,  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  trustee  on  the  High  School  Board, 
and  filled  that  position  for  a  number  of 
years.  He  succeeded  for  a  time  to  the 


superintendence  of  the  Common  (now  called 
Public)  schools,  in  the  south  riding  of  the 
county,  having  the  oversight  of  the  town- 
ships of  Erin,  Eramosa,  Guelph  and  Pus- 
linch.  Finding  the  labours  too  onerous  in 
connection  with  his  pastoral  work,  he  re- 
signed the  position  after  two  years  occu- 
pancy to  the  hands  of  the  County  council. 
Previous  to  this,  however,  in  1855,  he  had 
been  chosen  by  the  Guelph  Board  of 
Trustees  superintendent  of  the  schools  in 
the  town,  then  only  three  or  four  in  number. ' 
This  situation  he  has  since  filled  without 
interruption,  and  has  seen  the  progress 
made  up  to  this  date,  the  number  of  schools 
having  increased  to  twenty-six,  and  a  class 
of  buildings  provided  unsurpassed  by  any 
in  Ontario.  Shortly  after  the  Rev.  Mr.  Tor- 
ranee's  settlement  in  Guelph,  a  new  pres- 
bytery was  formed,  called  the  Presbytery 
of  "Wellington,  and  of  this  he  was  chosen 
clerk,  and  this  office  he  filled  till  the  union 
of  the  churches,  which  took  place  in  1861, 
when  Mr.,  now  Rev.  Dr.  Middlemiss,  who 
had  been  clerk  of  the  Free  Church  Presby- 
tery, was  chosen  clerk  of  the  united  one. 
In  1870,  Mr.  Middlemiss  resigned,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  Torrance,  who  still  occu- 
pies the  office.  The  church  with  which  he 
was  connected  was  known  in  his  early  days 
as  the  "  United  Secession,"  a  name  after- 
wards changed  to  "  United  Presbyterian," 
when  the  union  between  the  Relief  and 
Secession  churches  was  effected.  For  some 
years  he  filled  the  position  of  convener  of 
their  committee  on  statistics,  and  also  of 
their  committee  on  the  supply  of  vacancies 
and  distribution  of  probationers.  In  1874, 
his  name  appears  for  the  first  time  as  con- 
vener of  the  committee  of  the  united  church 
on  statistics,  and  he  was  continued  in  the 
office  at  the  farther  union,  which  took  place 
in  1875,  and  still  occupies  it.  For  some 
time  the  supply  of  vacancies  and  allocation 
of  probationers  were  under  the  charge  of 
the  Home  Mission  committee,  but  they 
chose  a  sub-committee  for  the  purpose,  and 
for  a  few  years  the  burden  of  the  work  fell 
to  Him  with  the  other  members.  Ultimately 
a  distinct  committee  was  appointed  by  the 
General  Assembly,  to  whom  this  service  was 
assigned,  and  he  was  chosen  convener.  In 
1880  he  was  chosen  moderator  of  the  Synod 
of  Toronto  and  Kingston,  which  met  in  St. 
James'  Square  Church,  Toronto,  and  occu- 
pied the  office  for  the  usual  period  of  one  year. 
In  1883,  he  tendered  his  resignation,  when 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


35 


Kev.  Mr.  Laidlaw  of  St.  Paul's  Church, 
Hamilton,  was  chosen  to  succeed  him.  The 
scheme  fell  out  of  use,  and  it  was  considered 
unnecessary  to  continue  the  committee  after 
1884,  till  1886,  when  the  want  of  it  having 
made  itself  felt,  a  new  committee  was  ap- 
pointed under  a  revised  scheme,  of  which 
Rev.  Mr.  Laidlaw  was  appointed  convener 
by  the  Assembly,  and  Mr.  Torrance  clerk 
by  the  committee,  Mr.  Laidlaw  feeling 
that  he  could  not  carry  on  the  work  of  the 
committee  in  connection  with  the  weight 
and  responsibility  of  his  labours  as  the 
minister  of  an  important  city  charge.  In 
1884,  Mr.  Torrance  was  chosen  a  life  mem- 
ber of  the  British  Association  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science  at  its  meeting  in 
Montreal.  In  1885,  he  was  installed  as  a 
member  of  the  Canadian  Postal  College  of 
the  natural  sciences,  and  in  September  of 
the  same  year,  he  was  constituted  a  life 
memberof  the  Canadian  Short-Hand  Society. 
For  several  years  he  has  been  a  member,  by 
the  appointment  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  Knox  College, 
Toronto,  and  the  senate  of  that  institute 
conferred  upon  him,  in  1885,  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  In  1851,  he  revisited  Scot- 
land, for  the  restoration  of  his  health,  which 
had  become  impaired  through  the  labours 
that  had  been  undergone ;  and  again  in  1881 
he  visited  the  old  country,  accompanied  by 
his  wife.  On  this  occasion  he  travelled  over 
the  greater  part  of  Scotland,  visited  Ireland 
and  its  chief  cities,  with  the  lakes  of  Kil- 
larney,  and  crossed  over  to  Paris,  where  a 
week  was  spent  amid  the  scenes  of  that  gay 
and  enchanting  city.  Eev.  Mr.  Torrance's 
religious  views  are  Presbyterian  ;  these  he 
says  he  acquired  from  his  parents  and  is 
satisfied  with  their  scriptural  character,  and 
has  not  changed  his  mind  since  boyhood. 
Rev.  Mr.  Torrance  may  now  be  considered 
as  having  retired  from  very  active  duties. 
In  1857,  he  purchased  ten  acres  of  fine  land 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Guelph,  and  having 
built  thereon  for  himself  a  comfortable  house, 
he  resides  there  and  devotes  his  spare  time 
to  gardening  and  the  cultivation  of  flowers, 
having  gone  to  the  expense  of  importing 
from  Scotland,  and  even  China,  some  very 
rare  flower  seeds.  In  August,  1854,  he 
was  married  to  Bessie  Dryden,  of  Eramosa, 
whose  father  and  mother  had  come  from 
the  neighbourhood  of  Jedburgh,  in  Scotland, 
and  took  up  land  in  that  township  soon 
after  it  was  thrown  open  to  settlers.  Four 


children,  two  sons  and  two  daughters,  were 
bom,  all  of  them  now  grown  up  ;  two  of 
them  married,  one  of  the  latter,  a  daughter, 
having  gone  with  her  husband  to  China, 
under  an  engagement  for  four  years  at  the 
close  of  which  they  have  returned. 

Moore,  Paul  Robinson,  M.D..  Sack- 
ville,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  on  the  30th 
of  March,  1835,  in  Hopewell,  Westmore- 
land county,  New  Brunswick.  (Since  the 
county  was  divided,  Hopewell  is  in  Albert 
county).  His  father,  Thomas  Benjamin 
Moore  was  a  lawyer  in  Albert  and  West- 
moreland counties,  and  died  in  Moncton, 
Westmoreland  county,  April,  1875,  aged 
sixty-eight  years.  His  mother's  maiden 
name  was  Apphia  Robinson,  daughter  of 
Deacon  Paul  C.  Robinson,  of  Hopewell. 
She  bore  thirteen  children,  six  sons  and 
seven  daughters,  of  whom  three  sons  and  four 
daughters  still  survive,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  being  the  third  child.  His  paternal 
grand-father  was  John  W.  Moore,  sergeant 
of  the  1st  battalion  of  Royal  Artillery,  and 
died  a  pensioner  in  Ballymena,  Ireland,  at 
eighty-five  years  of  age.  His  paternal  an- 
cestors resided  in  the  north  of  Ireland,  and 
it  is  a  family  tradition  that  at  the  siege  of 
Londonderry  there  were  seven  brothers 
Moore,  engaged  in  the  fighting,  five  of 
whom  were  slain  in  one  attack.  The  re- 
maining two  survived  the  perils  of  the  siege, 
and  their  descendants  are  still  for  the  most 
part  settled  in  the  north  of  Ireland.  His 
father  was  five  years  old  when  he  came  to 
this  country  in  1813,  when  the  regiment  to 
which  his  grand-father  belonged  was  order- 
ed out  to  defend  Fort  Cumberland.  Paul 
Robinson  Moore  received  a  mathematical 
and  classical  education  at  the  Mount  Allison 
Institution,  in  Sackville,  New  Brunswick, 
up  to  the  age  of  fifteen,  when  on  account 
of  ill  health  his  studies  were  abandoned. 
Three  years  later,  having  regained  his 
health,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Taylor,  of  Philadel- 
phia, U.  S.,  but  had  to  give  it  up  at  the  end 
of  the  first  year,  on  account  of  another  ser- 
ious attack  of  illness  which  threatened  to 
end  in  phthisis.  He  then  returned  to  New 
Brunswick,  and  after  recruiting  his  health, 
took  a  clerkship  at  the  Albert  mines  in 
Hillsborough,  New  Brunswick,  for  eighteen 
months,  and  afterwards  he  was  employed  as 
bookkeeper  and  pay-master  of  the  Boudreau 
stone  quarries  in  Westmoreland  county  for 
a  year.  His  health  being  then  perfectly 


36 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


restored,  he  went  to  New  York,  and  resumed 
his  medical  studies  at  the  university  of  the 
city  of  New  York,  receiving  private  instruc- 
tion at  the  same  time  from  Dr.  Gaillard 
Thomas.  He  graduated  in  March,  1859, 
and  was  appointed  house  physician  and 
surgeon  of  Brooklyn  City  Hospital  the  fol- 
lowing May,  which  position  he  held  till  May, 
1860,  when  he  returned  to  Albert  county, 
New  Brunswick,  and  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  In  January,  1875, 
he  removed  to  Sackville,  and  entered  into  a 
professional  co-partnership  with  Dr.  Alex- 
ander Fleming,  which  continued  till  April, 
1881,  when  Dr.  Fleming  removed  to  Bran- 
don, North- West  Territory,  since  which 
time  Dr.  Moore  has  been  attending  closely 
to  his  professional  duties  in  Sackville.  He 
was  appointed  coroner  for  Albert  county  in 
1866,  and  magistrate  for  the  same  county 
in  1873.  The  doctor  has  taken  an  interest 
in  various  companies,  and  is  at  present  a 
stockholder  in  the  Moncton  Cotton  Com- 
pany, the  Sackville  Music  Hall  Company, 
and  the  Baptist  Publishing  Company.  He 
joined  the  Howard  lodge  of  Free  Masons 
in  1867,  and  Sackville  division  of  the  Sons 
of  Temperance  in  1875  ;  became  honor- 
ary member  of  the  Glasgow  Southern  Med- 
ical Society  in  1880,  and  president  of  the 
New  Brunswick  Medical  Society  in  1885. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Medical  Coun- 
cil. He  has  never  taken  an  active  part  in 
politics,  but  supports  a  Liberal  govern- 
ment, and  is  an  uncompromising  Prohib- 
itionist. He  has  travelled  in  England,  Ire- 
land, France,  Scotland,  and  the  United 
States.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  since  1865.  On  the  12th  of 
December,  1866,  he  was  married  to  Kebecca, 
eldest  daughter  of  John  Weldon,  of  Dor- 
chester, Westmoreland  county,  by  whom 
he  has  had  nine  children,  four  boys  and  five 
girls,  of  whom  one  boy  and  five  girls  sur- 
vive. 

Arcliambault,Urgel-Eu§fene,Prin- 
cipal  of  the  Catholic  Commercial  Academy, 
Montreal,  was  born  at  L'Assomption,  on  the 
27th  of  May,  1834.  His  parents  were  Louis 
Archambault,  farmer,  and  Marie- Angelique 
Prud'homme,  belonging  to  a  very  old  fam- 
ily of  the  province  of  Quebec.  The  Archam- 
bault family  came  from  France  and  set- 
tled on  the  Isle  of  Montreal  about  the  year 
1650,  thence  off-shoots  established  them- 
selves in  different  parts  of  the  province  of 
Quebec,  especially  at  L'Assomption,  from 


which  place  three  or  four  members  of  this 
family  were,  at  various  times,  elected  to  the 
Canadian  parliament.  Urgel-Eugfcne  hav- 
ing attended  school  at  Saint-Jacques  de 
1'Achigan  and  at  L'Assomption,  became 
a  teacher  at  the  age  of  seventeen  years 
(1851),  taught  during  six  years  at  Saint- 
Ambroise  de  Kildare,  L'Assomption,  Cha- 
teauguay,  and  finally  completed  his  own 
studies  at  the  Jacques-Cartier  Normal 
School,  from  which  institution  he  received 
an  academic  diploma.  In  1858,  he  taught 
at  Saint- Constant,  and  the  following  year 
he  became  head-master  of  the  Catholic 
Commercial  Academy  of  Montreal,  the  prin- 
cipal work  of  his  life,  and  which  he  still 
directs.  This  school,  established  in  Cote 
street,  was  transferred  to  the  Plateau  in 
1871  ;  it  has  become  one  of  the  principal 
educational  institutions  of  the  city,  and  even 
of  the  province  of  Quebec.  In  1873,  Mr. 
Archambault  was  named  local  superinten- 
dent of  all  the  schools  controlled  by  the 
Catholic  Board  of  School  Commissioners. 
The  interior  plans  of  the  Plateau,  Belmont 
and  Olier  schools  are  the  work  of  his  hands. 
This  same  year,  1873,  he  laboured  success- 
fully to  bring  about  the  foundation  of  an 
institution  destined  to  form  civil,  mining, 
and  industrial  engineers.  This  was  the  Poly- 
technic School  of  Montreal,  founded  by  the 
Catholic  school  commissioners  and  the 
Honorable  Gedeon  Ouimet,  superintendent 
of  ducation  for  the  province  of  Quebec. 
Intended  principally  for  Catholics,  it  was 
annexed  to  the  Laval  University  in  January, 
1887.  The  university,  which  retains  Mr. 
Archambault  as  principal  of  the  Polytech- 
nic School,  has  named  him  titular  professor 
of  the  arts  faculty.  Much  of  the  success  at- 
tending the  Jacques-Cartier  Normal  School 
conventions  has  been  due  to  the  active  in- 
terest which  he  has  taken  in  them.  He  is 
the  author  of  the  Teachers'  Pension  Fund 
Bill,  which  became  law  in  1880,  and  was 
amended  in  1886.  In  1870,  Mr.  Archam- 
bault visited  Boston,  New  York,  Philadel- 
phia, Baltimore,  Washington,  Richmond 
(Virginia),  and  became  acquainted  with  the 
best  educators  in  the  United  States.  Since 
then  he  has  kept  himself  informed  of  their 
methods  of  teaching  and  management. 
With  the  same  object  in  view,  he  visited  the 
Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  in 
1876.  In  1878,  Mr.  Archambault  was  sent 
to  the  Paris  Exhibition,  to  represent  the 
Educational  department  of  the  province  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


37 


Quebec  ;  and  while  in  France  he  was  named 
member  of  the  International  Educational 
Jury,  and  was  the  first  Canadian  ever  de- 
corated with  the  Palmes  Academiques,  and 
honored  with  the  title  of  Offlcier  d1  Aca- 
demic. On  this  occasion  he  was  commis- 
sioned, by  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion in  France,  to  deliver  the  Palmes  Ado- 
demiques  to  Dr.  J.  B.  Meilleur,  and  to  the 
Honourable  P.  J.  O.  Chauveau  and  G.  Oui- 
met,  who,  each  in  turn,  had  directed  the 
Educational  department  of  the  province. 
To  allow  him  to  fulfil  his  mission  at  the 
Paris  Exhibition,  he  was  granted  a  seven 
months'  leave  of  absence,  during  which  time 
he  gathered  an  ample  store  of  pedagogic 
ideas,  which  he  has  since  utilized  for  the 
benefit  of  his  country.  In  1883-4,  he  made 
a  second  trip  to  Europe  and  to  Northern 
Africa,  during  a  six  months'  leave  of  ab- 
sence granted  to  him  on  account  of  his 
health.  These  voyages  brought  him  into 
communication  with  several  eminent  per- 
sons, and  with  different  societies.  Already 
a  member  of  the  Saint- Jean-Baptiste  and  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Montreal,  he  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Geographical  Society 
of  Paris  ;  in  1882,  he  received  the  title  of 
Knight  of  the  Sacred  and  Military  Order 
of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  and  hi  1886  he  was 
named  honorary  member  of  the  first  degree 
of  the  Universal  Humane  Society  of  Knight- 
Saviors.  In  1860,  Mr.  Archambault  married 
Marie-Phelonise  Azilda,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Robitaille,  of  Saint-Koch  de  1'Achigan.  Of 
the  eleven  children  born  to  them,  six,  a  son 
and  five  daughters,  are  still  living  (1887. 

Stewart,  Rev.  Win.  James,  Minister 
of  the  Baptist  Church,  Portland  city,  St.  John 
county,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at  Second 
Falls,  St.  George,  Charlotte  county,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  22nd  of  April,  1850.  His 
parents,  David  and  Agnes  Stewart,  were 
born  in  Newtownards,  county  Down,  Ireland. 
They  came  to  America  with  their  parents, 
and  were  married  in  St.  Andrews,  New 
Brunswick,  soon  after  their  arrival.  Shortly 
after  this  event  they  removed  to  Second 
Falls,  where  they  lived  happily  together 
and  raised  a  family  of  eleven  children,  Wil- 
liam being  the  youngest.  In  February,  1857, 
his  mother  was  removed  from  her  family 
by  death,  and  laid  to  rest  by  loving  hands 
in  the  village  church-yard.  His  father  mar- 
ried again,  his  second  wife  being  a  Mrs. 
Manzer,  a  widow  lady,  who  still  survives 
Mm.  He  had  no  issue  by  this  wife.  In 


July,  1876,  his  father  was  called  to  his 
reward,  and  buried  beside  his  first  wife. 
Both  were  consistent  members  of  the  Bap- 
tist church.  William  James  Stewart,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  not  a  very  rug- 
ged boy,  and  was  therefore  kept  constantly 
at  school  from  his  earliest  boyhood.  At  the 
age  of  sixteen  he  finished  the  studies  in  the 
primary  schools,  and  as  there  was  no  high 
schools  near  his  home,  he  was  allowed  to 
drop  his  studies  for  a  few  years.  In  the 
meantime  he  went  on  a  visit  to  his  brother 
and  sister,  both  of  whom  were  married 
and  lived  in  the  State  of  Minnesota,  and 
after  a  year  and  a  half  he  returned  home  a 
young  man  of  twenty  years,  with  no  very 
definite  idea  of  life  or  what  he  should  do  in 
the  future.  Not  long  after  this,  however, 
there  came  a  change  into  his  life  which  de- 
cided the  future  for  him.  The  sermons  of 
Rev.  Edward  Hickson,  then  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  his  native  place,  made  a 
very  deep  impression  on  his  mind.  His 
father  was  a  deacon  of  that  church,  and  a 
very  godly  man,  his  life  and  influence  being 
in  perfect  accord  with  the  truth  preached 
from  the  pulpit ;  and  so  after  a  good  deal 
of  anxiety  of  mind  and  earnest  prayer  to 
God,  William  was  led  to  give  his  heart  to 
the  Saviour,  and  experience  in  his  life  that 
"  peace  which  passeth  all  understanding." 
On  the  16th  of  June,  1872,  he  was  im- 
mersed in  the  name  of  the  Trinity  by  the 
Rev.  E.  Hickson,  and  received  into  the  fel- 
lowship of  the  Second  Falls  Baptist  church. 
He  at  once  felt  a  desire  in  his  heart  to  do 
something  for  Him  who  had  done  so  much 
for  the  world,  and  his  first  work  was  to  or- 
ganize a  Sunday  school  in  connection  with 
the  church  of  which  he  was  then  a  member. 
He  also  resolved  to  take  up  his  long  neg- 
lected studies  and  prepare  himself  for  a 
life  of  usefulness  in  the  world.  In  October, 
1872,  he  entered  the  Baptist  CoUegiate 
School  in  Wolfville,  Nova  Scotia,  He  did 
not  at  that  time  have  the  ministry  in  view, 
but  not  long  afterward  it  was  pressed  upon 
him  with  such  weight  that  he  could  not 
rest  day  or  night  until  he  yielded  to  the 
voice  of  God  in  his  soul,  and  began  to  shape 
his  course  with  this  in  view.  On  21st  May, 
1874,  he  received  a  license  from  the  church 
of  which  he  was  a  member,  signed  by  George 
Allen,  clerk,  to  preach  the  gospel  according 
to  the  faith  and  practice  of  the  Baptist 
church.  He  spent  the  vacations  of  each 
year  of  his  student  life  in  preaching  the 


38 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


word  as  opportunity  offered.  The  vaca- 
tion of  1876  he  spent  at  Musquash,  near  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  and  God  poured  out 
His  Holy  Spirit  wonderfully  upon  the  people 
and  many  precious  souls  were  saved.  There 
was  no  minister  near  to  baptize,  and  he  con- 
sented to  be  ordained,  although  he  was  but 
a  student.  His  ordination  took  place  on 
the  23rd  day  of  May,  1876,  in  the  Carle- 
ton  Baptist  church.  In  May,  1877,  he  finish- 
ed his  studies  at  Acadia  College,  and  re- 
ceived a  unanimous  call  to  the  churches  at 
St.  George  and  Second  Falls,  the  latter  of 
which  he  was  a  member.  He  at  once  en- 
tered upon  his  work,  and  was  greatly  bless- 
ed in  his  labours  among  his  own  people. 
On  1st  July,  1878,  he  was  married  to  Lillie 
S.  Hanson,  daughter  of  Vernon  and  Helen 
Hanson,  in  the  city  of  Boston,  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Lorimer.  After  a  pastorate  of  about 
four  years  in  his  native  place,  he  received 
and  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  in 
Parrsborough,  Nova  Scotia.  He  spent  one 
year  with  this  church,  and  then  received 
and  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  in 
Portland  city,  St.  John  county,  N.B.,  and  on 
1st  June,  1882,  he  entered  upon  his  duties 
in  the  church  of  which  he  is  at  present  ( 1887 ) 
the  pastor.  About  two  hundred  souls  have 
been  added  to  this  church  since  he  took  up 
the  work,  and  God  is  now  very  graciously 
blessing  it.  The  church  edifice  has  been 
improved  at  a  cost  of  about  fifteen  hundred 
dollars,  and  a  fine  parsonage  purchased 
since  he  began  his  ministry  in  it.  The  out- 
look for  the  future  is  very  hopeful.  To  God 
be  all  the  praise.  Rev.  Mr.  Stewart  has 
had  two  children,  a  boy  and  a  girl.  The 
eldest  is  now  a  bright  boy  of  seven  years. 
The  little  girl,  too  sweet  and  pure  for  earth, 
was  taken  at  the  age  of  four  by  Him  who 
said,  "  Suffer  little  children  to  come  unto 
me,  and  forbid  them  not,  for  of  such  is  the 
kingdom  of  heaven." 

Bayly,  Richard,  B.A.,  Q.C.,  Barris- 
ter-at-law,  London,  Ontario,  was  born  in 
Dublin,  Ireland,  on  the  25th  of  May,  1834. 
He  is  the  son  of  Rev.  Benjamin  Bayly,  and 
Cassandra  Henrietta  Bayly,  who,  previous 
to  coming  to  Canada,  resided  in  Dublin, 
Mr.  Bayly's  ancestors  having  resided  in  or 
near  that  city  for  over  three  hundred  years. 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Bayly  occupied  the  impor- 
tant position  of  principal  of  the  London 
Grammar  school  (afterwards  the  London 
Collegiate  Institute)  for  over  thirty-five 
years,  until  the  17th  January,  1879,  when 


he  died,  greatly  respected  by  all  who  had 
the  honour  of  his  acquaintance.  Richard 
received  his  education  at  the  London  Gram- 
mar school,  in  London,  and  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto,  where  he  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  B.A.  He  then  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  the  Hon.  John  Wilson  (after- 
wards Justice  John  Wilson),  and  became  a 
barrister  and  solicitor  in  1857,  and  has  suc- 
cessfully practised  his  profession  in  London 
ever  since.  He  occupied  a  seat  on  the  Lon- 
don Board  of  Education  from  1876  to  1885 
inclusive,  and  was  chairman  of  the  board 
for  one  year,  and  chairman  of  the  School 
Management  Committee  for  four  years. 
For  nine  years  Mr.  Bayly  was  a  warden  of 
St.  Paul's  Episcopal  church,  and  for  several 
years  a  delegate  to  the  Diocesan  and  Pro- 
vincial synods.  In  politics,  he  belongs  to 
the  Liberal-Conservative  party,  and  for 
many  years  has  taken  an  active  interest  in 
political  issues.  He  was  brought  up  in  the 
Episcopal  fold,  and  has  seen  no  reason  to 
change  his  religious  belief.  On  the  22nd 
June,  1864,  he  was  married  to  Eliza,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Chas.  G.  Moore,  of 
London,  and  the  issue  of  this  marriage  has 
been  ten  children,  eight  of  whom  survive — 
five  boys  and  three  girls. 

Rlowatt,  Rev.  Andrew  Joseph, 
Pastor  of  St.  Paul's  (Presbyterian)  Church, 
Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,  is  a  native- 
born  Canadian,  having  first  seen  the  light 
on  the  llth  of  February,  1838,  in  the  town 
of  Woodstock,  Carleton  county,  N.  B.  His 
father,  Thomas  Mowatt,  and  mother,  Eliza- 
beth Scott  Moff att,  emigrated  from  Great 
Britain  to  New  Brunswick,  and  settled  in 
Woodstock  in  1837,  where  they  remained 
for  about  two  years,  and  then  moved  to 
Harvey,  York  county,  where  Andrew,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  was  brought  up,  and 
whose  early  recollections  of  the  place  is  a 
little  log  hut  in  the  forest,  and  a  small  log 
school-house  where  he  received  a  common 
school  education.  After  leaving  this  school, 
he  went  for  two  winters  to  the  Collegiate 
school  in  Fredericton,  then  in  charge  of  Dr. 
George  Roberts,  and  afterwards  he  spent 
three  terms  at  the  Presbyterian  college  at 
Truro,  Nova  Scotia,  taking  the  regular  arts 
course  there.  He  then  studied  theology 
under  Rev.  Dr.  King,  at  Gerrish  Theologi- 
cal Hall,  Halifax,  N.  S.,  and  completed  his 
studies  in  1866.  On  the  2nd  of  May  of 
the  same  year,  he  received  a  license  to 
preach  the  gospel  from  the  Presbytery  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


39 


Pictou,  was  called  to  the  new  congregation 
of  Sharon  church,  Albion  Mines,  now  Stel- 
larton,  and  was  ordained  pastor  on  the  5th 
of  June  following.  The  Kev.  Mr.  Mowatt 
retained  the  charge  of  this  church  for  seven 
years,  and  then  left  on  receiving  a  call  from 
St.  John's  church,  Windsor,  N.  S.,  and  was 
inducted  its  pastor  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Halifax  on  the  8th  of  July,  1873.  Here  he 
laboured  in  the  Lord's  vineyard  for  six  and 
a  half  years.  He  then  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  St.  Paul's  church  in  Frederic- 
ton,  and  was  inducted  into  this  charge  on 
the  8th  of  January,  1880,  by  the  Presbytery 
of  St.  John  ;  and  here  he  has  laboured  ever 
since.  This  church  has  greatly  prospered 
under  Mr.  Mowatt' s  able  ministration,  and, 
on  the  10th  of  January,  1886,  the  congrega- 
tion abandoned  their  old  church  edifice  and 
moved  into  a  fine  stone  building,  which  is  an 
ornament  to  the  town.  Rev.  Mr.  Mowatt  was 
brought  up  in  the  faith  as  taught  by  the 
Presbyterian  church,  and  has  so  far  seen  no 
reason  to  change  his  opinion  with  regard  to 
it.  He  has  spent  his  life  in  his  Master's 
service,  and  he  has  the  satisfaction  of  know- 
ing that  he  has  done  something  to  advance 
His  kingdom  in  this  world,  and,  under 
God's  grace,  fitted  many  a  poor  soul  to  en- 
ter the  Father's  home  of  many  mansions. 
He  was  married  to  Louisa  Jane  Annand,  of 
Gay's  Eiver,  Colchester  county,  N.S.,  on  the 
30th  of  June,  1868.  Her  brother,  the  Eev. 
Joseph  Annand,  is  a  missionary  on  the  is- 
land of  Espiritu  Santo,  in  the  New  Hebrides. 
Rev.  Mr.  Mowatt  has  a  family  of  nine  chil- 
dren. 

Mitchell,  Hon.  James  St.  Stephen, 
New  Brunswick,  was  born  at  the  Scottish 
Settlement,  York  county,  N.B.,  on  the  16th 
March,  1843.  His  father,  William  MitcheU, 
was  a  native  of  Inverkip,  Renfrewshire, 
Scotland,  and  came  to  America  in  1827, 
settling  in  York  county,  N.B.  His  mother, 
Ann  Dobie,  was  a  native  of  Dumfries,  in 
Scotland.  James  Mitchell  received  his  ed- 
ucation first  in  the  public  school,  then  in 
the  Collegiate  Institute,  and  latterly  in  the 
University  of  New  Brunswick,  at  Frederic- 
ton,  where,  in  1867,  he  graduated  with  the 
degrees  of  B.A.,  and  M.A.  He  afterwards 
studied  law,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  in 
October,  1870,  and  has  since  practised  his 
profession  at  St.  Stephen,  Charlotte  county, 
where  be  now  resides.  Mr.  Mitchell  was 
inspector  of  schools  for  Charlotte  county 
from  1872  to  1875,  and  from  1877  to  1879, 


and  during  these  years  exercised  a  very 
material  influence  on  the  educational  affairs 
of  his  town  and  county.  He  occupied  the 
position  of  Census  commissioner  in  1881. 
He  is  at  present  a  member  of  the  Senate  of 
the  University  of  New  Brunswick,  and  a 
member  of  the  Alumni  Society  ;  also  a 
member  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum  Commission 
and  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  pro- 
vince of  New  Brunswick.  At  the  general 
election  in  1882  his  fellow-citizens  of  Char- 
lotte county  chose  him  to  represent  them  in 
the  New  Brunswick  parliament  ;  and,  on 
the  3rd  of  March,  1883,  he  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council,  and  sur- 
veyor-general of  the  province.  On  his  pre- 
senting himself  for  re-election,  he  was  re- 
turned by  acclamation.  He  was  again 
elected  at  the  general  election  in  1886, 
Hon.  Mr.  Mitchell  is  a  Liberal- Conservative 
in  politics,  having  always  identified  him- 
self with  the  party  of  progress  in  the  coun- 
try, and  is  an  active  promoter  of  railways, 
manufactures,  and  other  public  works.  As 
a  barrister  he  stands  high  at  the  bar  of  his 
native  province.  He  is  a  past-master  of 
the  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  and  past- 
principal  Z  of  the  Royal  Arch  Chapter.  He 
has  followed  in  the  footsteps  of  his  parents, 
and  is  a  consistent  adherent  of  the  Presby- 
terian church.  On  the  17th  December, 
1873,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Ryder,  of  St. 
Stephen. 

Mac  Parian  c,  Foster,  M.D.,  Fairville, 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  in  the  par- 
ish of  Studholm,  King's  county,  N.  B.,  on  the 
12th  December,  1834.  His  father,  Matthew 
MacFarlane,  was  born  in  the  parish  of  Dra- 
more,  county  of  Tyrone,  Ireland,  and  was  a 
descendant  of  a  family  of  that  name,  who, 
with  others,  sought  refuge  from  the  perse- 
cution then  prevailing  in  the  Highlands  of 
Scotland.  The  record  of  the  family  dates  back 
to  the  beginning  of  the  thirteenth  century. 
The  family  name  of  "  MacFarlane  "  took  its 
origin  from  a  grandson  of  the  Earl  of  Len- 
nox, named  Bartholomew,  the  Gaelic  of  which 
is  "Pharlan,"  whose  son  was  named  MacFar- 
lane (or  son  of  Bartholomew).  The  seat  of 
the  Earl  of  Lennox  was  Dumbarton  castle, 
which  was  held  by  his  descendants  the  Mac- 
Farlanes,  at  intervals,  and  for  six  centuries 
they  held  possession  of  their  original  lands, 
the  principal  seat  of  which  was  Arrochar,  at 
the  head  of  Lochlong.  The  MacFarlane 
clan  fought,  and  distinguished  themselves, 
in  the  battle  of  Langside,  May  13th,  1565, 


40 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


their  valour  mainly  contributing  to  decide 
the  fortunes  of  the  day,  and  the  defeat  of 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots.  For  their  bravery 
they  received  from  the  Regent  their  crest 
and  motto  which  has  ever  since  been  in- 
scribed on  their  family  escutcheon,  "  This 
I'll  defend."  Chief  among  the  descendants 
of  this  ancient  family  may  be  mentioned 
Walter  MacFarlane,  of  MacFarlane,  who  is 
justly  celebrated  as  the  indefatigable  col- 
lector of  the  ancient  records  of  his  country, 
and  whose  historical  writings,  according  to 
Mr.  Skeen,  "  form  the  best  monuments  to 
his  memory  ;  and  as  long  as  the  existence 
of  the  ancient  records  of  the  country,  or  a 
knowledge  of  its  ancient  history  remains 
an  object  of  interest  to  any  Scotchman,  the 
name  of  MacFarlane  will  be  handed  down 
as  one  of  its  benefactors,  which  monument 
will  be  found  more  enduring  than  the  bar- 
baric splendour  of  his  warlike  countrymen, 
which  has  long  since  faded  away,  thus 
showing  that  it  is  not  the  destroyer  but  the 
benefactor  of  his  fellow-creatures  who  is  se- 
cure of  immortality."  In  1815,  when  but  a 
lad  of  twelve  years  of  age,  Matthew  MacFar- 
lane, accompanied  his  father,  James  McFar- 
lane,  and  other  members  of  the  family,  to 
America,  and  on  their  arrival  settled  at  Rock- 
land,  in  Kingston,  King's  county,  N.  B. 
Some  years  afterwards,  and  when  the  family 
had  grown  up,  Mr.  MacFarlane,  sr.,  left  his 
eldest  son,  Charles,  on  the  homestead,  and 
removed,  with  Matthew  and  his  other  sons 
and  daughters,  to  Studholm,  in  the  same 
county.  About  the  year  1827,  being 
amongst  the  pioneer  settlers  of  that  part  of 
the  country,  Matthew  MacFarlane  mar- 
ried Sarah  Foster,  whose  father,  Ezekiel 
Foster,  came  from  New  England  during 
the  American  war.  One  of  his  brothers 
fought  at  the  battle  of  Lexington,  and  died 
in  defending  what  he  considered  his  rights, 
having  espoused  the  cause  of  the  colonists. 
Foster  MacFarlane,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  was  the  fifth  child  of  this  marriage, 
and  first  saw  the  light  in  a  log  cabin,  the 
common  abode  of  the  pioneer  farmers  of 
those  days.  His  earliest  education  was  re- 
ceived in  the  parish  school,  and  was  limited 
to  the  rudiments  of  an  ordinary  English 
education.  At  the  age  of  twenty,  having 
passed  the  required  examination  before  the 
local  board  then  existing,  he  received  a  li- 
cense to  teach  in  the  public  school.  After 
teaching  for  a  time,  he  entered  upon  a 
course  of  study  at  the  Baptist  Seminary, 


Fredericton,  and  afterwards  took  a  special 
course  for  a  time  at  the  University  of  New 
Brunswick.  After  leaving  the  university, 
he  pursued  a  course  in  medicine  at  Harvard 
University,  Cambridge,  United  States,  and 
was  privileged  to  sit  at  the  feet  of  such  men 
as  Professor  Agassiz,  Jeffries  Wyman,  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes,  and  E.  Brown-Sequard, 
of  Paris,  graduating  in  1868.  He  first 
practised  medicine  in  his  native  parish  for 
two  years  and  a  half.  During  this  time  he 
was  appointed  by  the  government  a  coroner 
for  King's  county.  He  then  removed  to 
Fairville,  St.  John,  N.B.,  where  he  has 
ever  since  practised  his  profession.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  New  Brunswick  since  the  spring  of 
1883,  and  a  director  of  the  Union  Baptist 
Education  Society  since  its  incorporation. 
He  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  Domin- 
ion Safety  Fund  Life  Association,  filling 
for  a  number  of  years  the  position  of  direc- 
tor, and  is  now  its  medical  superintendent. 
He  united  about  thirty  years  ago  with  the 
Sons  of  Temperance,  and  has  since  belong- 
ed to  other  temperance  organizations,  being 
now  a  member  of  the  Independent  Order 
of  Good  Templars.  He  was  brought  up  in 
connection  with  the  Methodists,  but  in  the 
year  1858  his  views  underwent  a  change, 
and  he  united  with  the  Baptists,  and  is  at 
present  a  member  of  the  Fairville  Baptist 
church.  On  July  20,  1868,  he  was  married 
to  Elizabeth  A.  Babbitt,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Perry  and  Phoebe  Babbitt,  of  St. 
John,  N.B.  He  has  five  children — one  son 
and  four  daughters. 

Bum*,  Rev.  Robert  Ferrier,  D.D., 
Pastor  of  the  Fort  Massey  Presbyterian 
church,  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia.  This  popu- 
lar minister  was  born  in  Paisley,  Scotland, 
on  the  23rd  of  December,  1826.  His  father 
was  Robert  Burns,  D.D.,  and  his  mother, 
Janet  Orr,  daughter  of  the  first  provost  of 
Paisley.  His  mother's  sister,  Susan,  was 
mother  of  Sir  Archibald  Orr  Ewing,  baronet, 
M.P.  for  Dumbarton.  His  father  had  three 
brothers  in  the  ministry  of  the  Church  of 
Scotland, — namely,  Rev.  James  Burns,  who 
for  forty  years  was  minister  of  the  parish  of 
Brechin  ;*Rev.  William  H.  Burns,  D.  D., 
Kilsyth  ;  and  Rev.  George  Burns,  D.  D., 
first  Presbyterian  minister  of  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  afterwards  of  Tweedmuir  and 
Corstorphir,  Scotland, — and  two  uncles  in 
the  service  of  their  Sovereign — Major-Gen- 
eral Islay  Ferrier,  the  last  governor  of  Dum- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


41 


barton  castle,  and  Sir  William  Hamilton, 
baronet,  who  commanded  the  marines  that 
pulled  the  guns  up  to  the  Plains  of  Abraham, 
in  1759,  at  the  taking  of  Quebec.  Miss  Fer- 
rier,  author,  and  friend  of  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
was  a  second  cousin.  Rev.  Dr.  Burns,  sr., 
was  pastor  for  thirty -three  years  of  Dr. 
Witherspoon's  church  (Laigh  Kirk  and  St. 
George's),  Paisley,  and  moved  to  Toronto 
in  1845,  and  became  the  first  pastor  of 
Knox's  Church  in  that  city,  and  professor  in 
Knox's  College.  He  died  at  Toronto  on 
the  19th  of  August,  1869  ;  and  his  widow 
on  the  22nd  of  August,  1882.  Rev.  Dr. 
Robert  Ferrier  Burns  received  his  early 
education  at  the  High  school  of  Paisley, 
and  then  entered  the  University  of  Glasgow, 
where  he  remained  four  years,  taking  hon- 
ours in  Latin,  Greek,  logic,  and  moral  phil- 
osophy. He  studied  theology  in  the  New 
College  (Free  Church),  Edinburgh,  and 
Knox's  College,  Toronto.  In  April,  1847, 
he  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presby- 
tery of  Toronto,  and  on  the  1st  of  July 
following  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  Chal- 
mer's  Presbyterian  church,  Kingston,  On- 
tario. He  was  Presbyterian  chaplain  in 
the  71st  Highland  Light  Infantry  for  a 
year.  He  remained  in  this  charge  for 
eight  years,  and,  during  his  ministry  there, 
succeeded  in  having  built  for  his  congrega- 
tion a  handsome  church  edifice.  In  July, 
1855,  he  moved  to  St.  Catharines,  and  was 
settled  over  Knox  Presbyterian  church  of 
that  place.  A  fine  building  was  erected 
by  his  people  for  him.  Here  he  minis- 
tered until  March,  1867,  when  he  accepted 
a  call  from  the  Scotch  Presbyterian  church 
in  Chicago,  United  States,  to  become  its 
first  pastor,  and,  during  his  residence  there 
of  three  years,  a  church  was  built.  In  1866, 
the  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  Hamilton  College,  New  York.  In  April, 
1870,  he  was  translated  to  Cote  Street 
Presbyterian  church  (now  Crescent  street), 
Montreal,  as  successor  to  Principal  Mac- 
Vicar,  where  he  did  good  work.  On  the 
18th  of  March,  1875,  he  became  pastor  of 
Fort  Massey  Presbyterian  church  in  Hali- 
fax, as  successor  to  the  Rev.  J.  K.  Smith, 
M. A.,  now  of  Gait, who  for  two  years  had  been 
first  pastor  of  this  influential  congregation. 
In  1873,  Dr.  Burns  occupied  the  position  of 
moderator  of  the  Synod  of  Montreal,  and  in 
1883  he  was  moderator  of  the  Synod  of  the 
Maritime  provinces.  During  his  residence 
in  Montreal  he  was  chairman  of  the  Pres- 


byterian College  Board  ;  and,  for  the  past 
twelve  years,  has  acted  as  chairman  of  the 
Halifax  College  Board.  In  1880  he  was 
sent  as  a  delegate  to  the  Raikes'  centenary 
celebration  in  London,  and  during  the  same 
year  he  represented  the  Assembly  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Canada  in  the  Pres- 
byterian Council  at  Philadelphia.  In  1884 
he  was  a  delegate  from  the  same  church  to 
the  council  held  in  Belfast,  Ireland,  where 
he  read  one  of  the  papers  presented  to  that 
body,  and  was  appointed  one  of  its  execu- 
tive committee.  This  year  ( 1887  )  the 
doctor  has  been  nominated  for  the  modera- 
torship  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  which  meets  in  Win- 
nipeg, Manitoba,  in  June  next.  Rev.  Dr. 
Burns  takes  a  great  interest  in  Sunday- 
school  work,  and  was  one  of  the  first  to  ad- 
vocate the  establishment  of  Sunday-school 
conventions  in  Canada,  which  have  done  so 
much  of  late  years  to  advance  this  branch  of 
Christian  work.  As  a  platform  speaker  he 
stands  high,  and  has  often  spoken  on  sub- 
jects, professional  and  otherwise,  before  large 
audiences.  At  present  he  is  lecturer  on  theo- 
logical themes  in  the  Presbyterian  College 
at  Halifax.  As  a  book-writer,  too,  he  has 
done  his  share.  His  life  of  his  father,  a 
volume  of  nearly  five  hundred  pages,  pub- 
lished in  Toronto  in  1873,  soon  went  through 
three  editions.  His  other  writings,  u  Sketch 
of  Abraham  Lincoln,"  "  The  Presbyterian 
Church,"  "  Modern  Babylon,"  "The Maine 
Law,"  "  Christian  Liberality,"  "  Confession 
and  Absolution,"  and  a  variety  of  sermons 
and  tracts — have  all  been  favourably  re- 
ceived, and  commanded  a  good  sale.  He 
has  also  contributed  largely  to  the  columns 
of  the  newspaper  press  and  our  periodicals. 
Dr.  Burns  has  travelled  a  good  deal,  and 
has  visited  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  France, 
Germany,  and  various  other  places  in 
Eurppe,  and  is  very  familiar  with  Canada 
and  the  United  States.  He  was  married  on 
the  1st  of  July,  1852,  at  Belleville,  Ontario, 
to  Elizabeth,  second  daughter  of  Rufus 
Holden,  M.D.,  a  much  esteemed  physician, 
and  elder  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  in 
Belleville.  Dr.  Burns  has  eight  children — 
four  sons  and  four  daughters. 

Bullock,  Joseph,  Oil  Merchant,  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  is  a  native  of  Spring- 
field, Ohio,  and  was  born  on  September  6th, 
1833.  His  father  was  William  Bullock,  a 
native  of  Staffordshire,  England,  who  came 
to  the  United  States  a  few  years  prior  to  the 


42 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


birth  of  Joseph.  His  mother's  maiden  name 
was  Ann  Clark  Peacock,  she  being  of  the 
Yorkshire  family  of  that  ilk.  His  mother's 
parents  came  out  to  Ohio  about  the  same 
time  as  Mr.  Bullock,  sr.  Mr.  Peacock  went 
there  to  accept  the  position  of  engineer  for 
the  state  of  Ohio.  Joseph  Bullock's  parents 
removed  to  Hamilton,  Ontario,  in  the  spring 
of  1834,  he  then  being  only  a  few  months 
old.  Two  years  later  they  removed  to  what 
is  now  known  as  Bullock's  Corners,  near 
Dundas,  the  place  taking  its  name  from  his 
father.  It  was  here  Mr.  Bullock  spent  his 
boyhood,  and  got  what  education  could  in 
those  days  be  procured  in  the  public  school 
of  the  vicinity.  On  leaving  school  he  help- 
ed his  father  in  his  business,  which,  by  the 
way,  was  that  of  lumberman.  During  the 
time  he  was  so  engaged,  he  married  when 
in  his  25th  year,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Isaac 
Dumeld,  a  farmer  of  the  township  of  Glan- 
ford,  South  Wentworth.  Two  years  after 
his  marriage,  the  lumber  business  declin- 
ing, he  commenced  business  as  general 
store-keeper  at  Bullock's  Corners,  which  he 
continued  for  about  three  years.  After  this 
he  settled  upon  a  farm  he  owned  in  West 
Flamboro',  and  worked  it  for  two  years. 
His  father  having  died  in  the  meantime,  he 
left  West  Flamboro'  and  took  up  his  re- 
sidence at  the  old  homestead.  Here  he 
remained  about  three  years,  travelling  oc- 
casionally for  his  brothers-in-law,  Duffield 
Bros.,  of  London,  oil  refiners.  In  the  year 
1869,  Confederation  being  an  accomplished 
fact,  Mr.  Bullock  removed  to  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  to  engage  in  the  oil  business, 
which  has  now  assumed  such  large  pro- 
portions. His  original  intention  was  to 
handle  Canadian  oil  exclusively,  but  as  the 
years  rolled  on,  American  products  had  also 
to  be  handled,  and  he  is  now  the  largest 
dealer  in  oils  in  the  maritime  provinces. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Bullock  is  thoroughly  in- 
dependent, voting  more  on  the  character 
of  the  man  than  from  purely  party  motives. 
It  is,  however,  in  the  religious  world  that 
Mr.  Bullock  is  most  conspicuous.  As  a 
boy  he  was  identified  more  particularly 
with  the  Church  of  England,  but  at  the 
age  of  about  twenty  years  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  church,  of  which 
he  is  a  consistent  and  earnest  member.  Prior 
to  the  great  fire  of  1877,  Mr.  Bullock  was  a 
trustee  of  the  old  German  Street  Methodist 
Church,  the  oldest  church  in  the  city,  and 
after  its  destruction  by  that  fire,  was  chair- 


man of  the  building  committee  of  the  present 
Queen  Square  Methodist  Church,  and  of 
which  he  still  continues  a  trustee.  It  was 
largely  to  his  energy  and  liberality  that  the 
erection  of  this  church  was  due.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  quarterly  board  of  his  church, 
and  is  one  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  for  the 
city  of  St.  John.  He  is  a  total  abstainer,  and 
has  been  for  the  most  of  his  life,  and  is  pro- 
nounced in  favour  of  the  prohibition  of  the 
liquor  traffic.  When  Gen.  Booth  visited 
St.  John,  he  was  the  guest  of  Mr.  Bullock. 
Mr.  Bullock  has  had  a  family  of  three  child- 
ren, one  of  whom  is  deceased,  and  the  re- 
maining ones,  two  sons,  are  associated  with 
him  in  business. 

Binney,  Irwine  Whitty,  Collector  of 
Customs,  Port  of  Moncton,  New  Brunswick, 
was  born  on  the  10th  of  July,  1841,  at  Hali- 
fax, Nova  Scotia.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late 
Stephen  Binney,  who  for  manny  years  was 
a  leading  merchant  in  Halifax,  and  who, 
when  the  city  was  incorporated,  was  elected 
its  first  mayor.  Mr.  Binney,  sr.,  acting  as 
mayor,  on  the  occasion  of  the  birth  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  visited  England,  and  pre- 
sented an  address  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queen, 
signed  by  a  large  number  of  the  citizens. 
This  gentleman  was  grandson  of  the  late 
Hon.  Hibbert  N.  Binney,  who  for  a  period 
of  nearly  forty  years,  filled  the  office  of 
collector  of  customs  and  excise  at  Halifax, 
and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Legislative 
Council ;  and  great-grandson  of  the  late 
Hon.  Jonathan  Binney,  one  of  the  first  res- 
idents of  Halifax,  who  was  a  member  of 
the  first  Legislative  Assembly  (1758)  of  the 
province.  He  and  Frederick  des  Barras 
met  the  Indian  chiefs  at  Arichat,  New  Bruns- 
wick, in  1761,  and  concluded  a  lasting  peace, 
and  was  appointed  to  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil in  1768  ;  second  judge  at  St.  John's  Is- 
land (near  Prince  Edward  Island)  ;  and 
also  collector  of  customs  for  the  island.  I. 
W.  Binney,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  is 
brother  to  William  Pryor  Binney,  Her  Brit- 
annic Majesty's  consul  at  Syra,  Greece, 
and  was  educated  at  various  schools,  in- 
cluding the  Sackville  Academy,  New  Bruns- 
wick, receiving  a  commercial  education.  In 
his  younger  days  he  found  employment  as 
a  clerk  in  several  commercial  houses;  and 
from  1861  to  1864,  he  was  in  the  old  estab- 
lished and  well  known  lumber  firm  of  Gil- 
mour,  Rankin  &  Co.,  Miramichi,  New  Bruns- 
wick. He  also  carried  on  a  wholesale  business 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


43 


at  Chatham,  New  Brunswick,  for  a  few  years, 
and  afterwards  engaged  in  mining  opera- 
tions in  Nova  Scotia  and  Cape  Breton,  in 
company  with  the  late  Sir  A.  J.  Smith  and 
others.  He  was  appointed  a  clerk  in  Her 
Majesty's  customs  in  1874,  and  promoted 
to  the  collectorship  at  the  port  of  Moncton, 
New  Brunswick,  in  1883.  He  joined  the 
Freemasons  in  1862  ;  was  made  a  Royal- 
Arch-Mason  in  1866,  and  Knight  Templar 
in  1870.  At  present  he  is  a  past  master  of 
Keith  lodge  of  Moncton,  New  Brunswick. 
He  is  an  Episcopalian  in  his  religious  views. 
Mr.  Binney's  father  moved  to  Moncton, 
New  Brunswick,  from  Halifax,  in  1845,  and 
died  there  in  1872.  Mr.  Binney  is  unmar- 
ried, and  his  mother  and  widowed  sister  re- 
side with  him. 

Berthelot,  Hon.  Jo§epli  Aniable, 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Montreal. 
This  learned  judge  was  born  on  the  8th  of 
May,  1815,  at  St.  Eustache,  county  of  Two 
Mountains,  by  the  marriage  of  Joseph  Am- 
able  Berthelot,  notary,  and  Dame  Marie  M. 
Hervieux.  Mr.  Berthelot' s  father  was  from 
Quebec,  where  he  finished  his  classical  stud- 
ies in  1796,  having  been  the  classmate  of  the 
late  Hon.  Judge  Thomas  Taschereau,  the 
father  of  his  eminence  the  Cardinal,  and 
also  that  of  the  late  Hon.  Judge  Vanfelson, 
who  died  in  Montreal.  Judge  Berthelot 
began  his  Latin  course  in  1824,  and  finished 
it  on  the  9th  of  June,  1832,  when  at  the  age 
of  seventeen.  The  course  that  year  was 
suddenly  terminated,  on  account  of  the 
cholera,  the  professors  having  deemed  it 
prudent  to  send  back  the  scholars  to  their 
f  amilies  in  the  month  of  June.  In  the  month 
of  October  of  the  same  year  he  began  his 
legal  studies,  being  indentured  with  the 
late  Hon.  Sir.  L.  H.  Lafontaine,  who  had 
married  his  cousin  in  1830.  Sir  George  E. 
Cartier,  who  was  his  classmate  at  college, 
also  commenced  studying  law  in  1832,  in 
the  office  of  the  late  Etienne  E.  Bodier,  ad- 
vocate, M.P.P.  for  the  county  of  1'Assomp- 
tion.  After  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
November,  1836",  he  became  the  partner  of 
Mr.  Lafontaine,  and  continued  to  practise 
his  profession  in  such  partnership  until 
July,  1853%  when  Mr.  LaFontaine  was  ap- 
pointed chief  justice  of  the  province  of 
Lower  Canada  on  the  demise  of  the  late 
Sir  James  Stuart.  A  few  days  after,  Mr. 
Berthelot  entered  into  partnership  with  his 
friend,  the  late  Sir  George  E.  Cartier,  and 
continued  this  partnership  until  he  was  ap- 


pointed assistant  judge  of  the  Superior 
Court,  succeeding  the  late  Hon.  C.  D.  Day, 
who  was  appointed  codifier  in  February, 

1859.  On  Justice  Day's  resignation  hav- 
ing been  accepted  by  the  government,  in 

1860,  Judge  Berthelot  was  immediately  ap- 
pointed permanent  judge  of  the  Superior 
Court.      On   this   occasion,   in   December, 
1860,  the  bar  of  Montreal  held  a  meeting 
in  order  to  express  publicly  their  satisfac- 
tion of  the  appointment  of  Judge  Berthelot 
to  the  bench,  and  adopted  resolutions,  copies 
of  which  were  transmitted  to  the  judge, 
and  also  published  in  the  newspapers  of  the 
day,  amongst  others  in  La  Minerve.    These 
resolutions  read  as  follow  : 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  members  of  the 
bar  of  Lower  Canada  section  of  this  district, 
which  was  held  on  Wednesday,  the  12th  of  De- 
cember instant,  it  was  unanimously  resolved  : 

1.  Moved  by  Henry  Stuart,  seconded  by  Ge*- 
deonOuimet,  M.P.P.,  That  the  bar  of  Montreal 
has  seen  with  real  pleasure  the  promotion  of  the 
Honourable  J.  A.  Berthelot,  whose  talents,  high 
sense  of  honour,  integrity,   consciencious  work 
and  services  already  rendered  as  assistant  judge, 
are  a  sure  guarantee  of  the  faithfulness  with  which 
he  will  fulfil  the  difficult  duties  of  the  new  office 
which  he  has  just  entered  as  permanent  judge  of 
the  Superior  Court. 

2.  Moved  by  Andrew  llobertson,  seconded  by 
C.  A.  Leblanc,  That  as  citizens,  and  with  due 
regard  to  public  interest,  the  barristers  of  Mon- 
treal cheerfully  greet  the  appointment  of  Mr. 
Justice  BerthelQt,  and  as  his  confreres,  they  are 
highly  honoured  as  a  body  by  this  new  appoint- 
ment. 

3.  Moved  by  the  Honourable  T.  J.  J.  Loranger, 
seconded  by  J.  C.  Daly,  That  copies  of  the  fore- 
going resolutions  be  transmitted  by  the  batonnier 
and  secretary  to  Mr.  Justice  Berthelot,  and  that 
the  secretary  be  authorized  to  publish  them  in  the 
city  papers. 

(Signed)        ROBERT  MACKAY,  Batonnier, 
(Signed)        MEDERIC  MARCHAND,  Secretary. 

The  French  paper,  ISOrdre,  made  the  fol- 
lowing comments  on  the  foregoing  resolu- 
tions : 

We  have  already  fully  expressed  our  opinion  on 
this  subject,  and  to-day  we  are  happy  to  see  the 
bar  of  Montreal  confirming  our  appreciation  of 
this  appointment. 

During  the  time  that  Mr.  Berthelot  prac- 
tised at  the  bar,  his  confreres  elected  him 
twice  to  the  dignity  of  batonnier,  in  1858 
and  1859.  Whilst  he  exercised  his  duties 
of  judge  in  Montreal,  in  the  space  of  fifteen 
years,  he  was  called  upon  to  perform  the 
same  duties  of  judge  at  Ste.  Scholastique, 
district  of  Terrebonne.  In  February,  1872, 
he  was  invited  by  the  members  of  the  bar 
of  that  district,  numbering  seventeen,  to  a 


44 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


complimentary  public  dinner  by  the  follow- 
ing resolutions,  which  were  then  published 
in  the  press  : 

At  the  meeting  of  the  bar  of  the  district  of 
Terrebonne,  held  at  Ste.  Scholastique  on  the  7th 
of  February,  1872,  it  was  resolved  : 

1.  Moved  by  J.  H.  Filion,  seconded  by  Mr. 
Boisseau,  that  Mr.  Burroughs  be  appointed  chair- 
man, and  Mr.  Eochon  be  requested  to  act  as  sec- 
retary. 

2.  Moved  by  Mr.   Wilfrid  Provost,   seconded 
by  J.  A.  H.   Mackay,  That  a  public  dinner  be 
given  to  the  Hon.  J.  A.  Berthelot,  by  the  bar  of 
the  district  of  Terrebonne,  as  an  acknowledgment 
of  our  esteem  and  respect  for  his  honour. 

3.  Moved  by  J.  A.  H.   Mackay,  seconded  by 
J.  H.  Filion,  That  the  chairman  and  Mr.  Wil- 
frid PreVost  be  delegated  to  interview  his  honour, 
and  express  the  desire  of  the  bar  to  give  him  a 
dinner,  and  in  order  that  he  may  fix  the  date  that 
he  will  find  convenient. 

(Signed)        0.  S.  BURROUGHS,  Chairman. 
(Signed)        A.   ROCHON,  Secretary. 

Judge  Berthelot  regretted  that  he  could 
not  accept  a  demonstration  which  would  be 
so  creditable  for  himself  from  the  bar  of  the 
district  of  Terrebonne,  being  on  the  eve  of 
sailing  for  Europe,  during  a  leave  of  ab- 
sence which  had  been  granted  to  him  by  the 
Government  for  recuperating  his  health, 
which  was  slightly  impaired  by  his  strict 
attendance  to  his  judicial  duties.  Before 
his  appointment  to  the  bench  in  1859,  he 
had  been  called  upon  to  fulfil  the  office  of 
assistant  judge  in  Montreal  for  six  months, 
in  1855  and  1856,  during  which  time  the 
judges  of  the  province  had  to  act  as  such 
during  the  sittings  of  the  Seignorial  Court 
for  Lower  Canada.  On  the  28th  of  Novem- 
ber, 1875,  his  Lordship  Archbishop  Bour- 
get,  intimated  to  Judge  Berthelot  that  he 
had  just  received  from  Rome  a  letter  from  his 
Excellency  Monsignor  Eoncetti,  Ablegate, 
informing  him  that  His  Holiness  Pius  IX. 
had  been  pleased  to  appoint  him  Command- 
er of  the  Order  of  St.  Sylvestre,  by  an 
apostolical  writ,  dated  the  24th  of  Septem- 
ber then  last,  enclosed  with  the  Ablegate' s 
letter,  adding  that  His  Holiness  had  been 
so  kind  and  so  generous  that  through  the 
agency  of  His  Eminence  Cardinal  Antonelli, 
he  had  consented  to  give  to  Mr.  Berthelot 
himself  the  decoration  of  the  Commandery 
of  the  Order  of  St.  Sylvestre,  which  he  had 
confided  to  the  care  of  Mr.  Harel,  procura- 
tor of  the  archbishop.  The  newspaper 
Le  Monde,  of  Paris,  France,  on  the  28th  of 
December,  1875,  noticed  this  honour  grant- 
ed to  Judge  Berthelot  in  the  following 
terms  : 


We  do  not  doubt  that  the  appointment  of 
Judge  Berthelot  will  be  hailed  with  pleasure  by 
the  numerous  friends  that  he  has  in  France,  who 
have  had  occasion  to  appreciate,  during  his  several 
visits  to  our  continent,  how  he  was  worthy  in  all 
respects,  of  the  high  distinction  which  had  been 
conferred  upon  him. 

His  Excellency,  Monsignor  Boncetti,  in  a 
letter  bearing  date  of  February,  1876,  wrote 
as  follows  to  Judge  Berthelot: 

MY  DEAR  AND  HONOURED  COMMANDER,— With 
your  very  kind  letter  of  the  20th  of  January,  for 
which  I  am  very  thankful,  I  have  also  received, 
through  the  agency  of  Mr.  Harel,  your  letter  for 
his  Eminence  Cardinal  Antonelli,  who  entrusted 
me  with  his  answer,  which  you  will  find  here- 
with :— In  renewing  my  sincere  congratulations, 
I  beg  to  present  my  homage  to  the  most  excellent 
lady,  Madame  Berthelot,  to  your  dear  children, 
and  to  accept  at  the  same  time  the  assurance  of 
my  most  perfect  esteem  and  profound  respect. 
Expecting  with  the  greatest  impatience  the  day 
when  I  will  see  you  in  Rome,  I  have  the  honour 
to  be,  my  dear  and  honoured  Commander, 
Your  most  humble  and  devoted  servant, 

CESAR  RONCETTI. 

In  the  same  month  of  February,  1876, 
Judge  Berthelot  was  in  receipt  of  a  letter 
from  his  Eminence,  Cardinal  Antonelli,  in 
Italian,  which  read  as  follows  : 

ILLUSTRISSIME  SIGNOB, — I  have  presented,  with 
great  pleasure,  to  the  Holy  Father  the  expressions 
of  gratitude  which  your  illustrissime  lordship  has 
given  me  in  his  letter  of  the  20th  of  January  last, 
because  our  Holy  Father  had  conferred  upon  you 
the  Commandership  of  St.  Sylvestre,  which  you 
acknowledged  to  be  entirely  due  to  the  apostolic 
benevolence.  His  Holiness  was  raptured  when 
he  saw  these  expressions  of  veneration  and  love 
for  his  venerable  person,  and  could  not  refrain 
from  answering  to  them  by  words  of  gratitude, 
and  by  giving  you,  from  the  bottom  of  his  heart, 
his  apostolic  benediction.  Having  thus  accom- 
plished the  wishes  which  you  expressed  to  me,  I 
have  the  honour  to  be,  your  illustrissime  lord- 
ship, Yours, 

Sec.  GIACOMO  ANTONELLI. 

The  following  particulars  about  the  knight- 
hood are  found  in  the  supplement  of  "  Bouil- 
let's  Dictionary,"  page  42  : 

ORDER  OF  THE  GOLDEN  SPUR. 

A  Roman  order  founded  by  Paul  III.,  in  1554, 
or  by  Pius  IV.  in  1559,  has  been  established,  ac- 
cording to  some  writers,  by  Con&tantinus,  as  far 
back  as  312,  to  commemorate  his  victory  over 
Maxencius,  and  approved  since  then  by  the  Pope 
St.  Sylvestre.  Its  object  was  to  reward  civil 
merit,  admitting  only  noblemen  ;  it  could  also  be 
conferred  on  foreigners.  Some  princely  families 
of  Rome  and  a  few  high  dignitaries  could  confer 
the  order,  which  soon  occasioned  serious  errors. 
Gregory  XVI.  reformed  the  order  in  1841,  and 
gave  the  name  of  St.  Sylvestre,  or  the  Reformed 
Golden  Spur.  The  knights  wore  a  golden  cross 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


45 


with  eight  points,  and  white  enamelled,  showing 
the  portrait  of  St.  Sylvestre.  It  is  worn  with 
a,  ribbon  striped  red  and  black  ;  between  the 
branches  of  the  cross  hangs  a  golden  spur.  Before 
the  Reformation,  when  England  was  Catholic, 
and  when  the  relations  of  that  country  with 
the  court  of  Rome  were  uninterrupted,  as  soon  as 
a  chief  justice  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench,  was 
appointed,  the  writ  of  commandership  of  the  order 
of  St.  Sylvestre  was  forwarded  to  him  by  the 
Pope,  and  he  wore  on  his  chain  of  office  the  letters 
S.  S.  Since  England  has  become  Protestant,  the 
writ  is  not  sent  to  that  country  ;  nevertheless, 
•when  a  new  chief  justice  is  appointed,  and  when 
he  orders  at  the  court  goldsmith  the  chain  of 
office  which  he  wears  on  his  neck,  he  receives  it 
still  with  the  same  initials  S.S.,  as  in  olden  times. 

This  fact  is  warranted  by  photographs  of 
Chief  Justices  Bovill  and  Campbell,  which 
Judge  Berthelot  has  in  his  possession,  and 
which  were  given  him  by  his  friend,  Judge 
Mackay.  In  a  legal  review,  entitled  Albany 
Law  Journal  for  1874,  in  the  issue  of  the 
8th  of  August,  we  find  an  article  headed, 
"  Article  on  Campbell's  Lives  of  Chief  Jus- 
tices," with  the  following  comments  : 

And  while  there  were  among  the  wearers  of 
the  collar  of  S.  S.,  men  whoso  lives  are  neither 
helpful  nor  inspiring,  there  were  many  of  whom 
it  is  good  to  read. 

In  Canada  the  first  person  who  received 
a  writ  of  commandership  of  St.  Sylvestre, 
was  the  late  Sir  L.  H.  Lafontaine,  chief 
justice,  in  the  year  1853.  Judge  Berthelot 
was  appointed  in  1875,  as  above  mentioned. 
In  1876,  after  eighteen  years  of  judicial  ser- 
vices, he  asked  and  obtained  his  superannu. 
ation,  and  on  this  occasion  the  Montreal 
Gazette,  of  the  28th  of  August,  1876,  pub- 
lished the  following  : 

The  Ottawa  Government  has  at  last  come  to  a 
determination  which  enables  it  to  accept  the  re- 
signation of  Mr.  Justice  Berthelot.  Nearly  a 
year  has  elapsed  since  it  was  generally  understood 
that  Mr.  Justice  Berthelot  desired  to  obtain  that 
relaxation  from  judicial  duties  to  which  twenty 
years  service  had  fairly  entitled  him,  but  as  our 
readers  are  aware,  ministers  were  seriously  em- 
barrassed in  the  disposal  of  this  piece  of  patronage, 
and  the  learned  judge  was  requested  to  defer  his 
proposed  relinquishment  of  official  duties.  Before 
reference  is  made  to  his  successor,  it  is  but  justice 
to  say  a  word  or  two  respecting  Hon.  Judge  Ber- 
thelot. If  the  hon.  judge  has  not  obtained  the 
first  rank  of  judicial  fame,  no  one  will  venture  to 
deny  that  he  has  occupied  a  most  honourable  po 
sition  on  the  bench  of  this  province,  or  that  his 
services  have  been  of  a  highly  beneficial  character. 
It  were  scant  justice  to  say  that  his  character  has 
been  constantly  honourable,  his  impartiality  un- 
challenged, and  his  intelligence  of  the  most  vig- 
orous type.  Laborious  without  complaining, 
diligent  without  ostentation,  Mr.  Justice  Berthe- 
lot has  never  proved  unequal  to  the  arduous  de- 


mands of  his  position.  His  knowledge  of  real 
estate  and  insurance  law,  extensive  and  profound, 
and  his  decisions  upon  these,  as  well  as  many 
other  branches  of  the  law,  were  received  with  the 
utmost  respect  and  confidence.  In  determination 
)f  cases  in  which  juries  are  more  or  less  liable  to 
be  influenced  by  sympathy  for  the  sufferers,  he 
did  not  hesitate  to  adhere  to  those  leading  princi- 
ples which  have  been  consecrated  by  time  and  ex- 
perience, in  preference  to  yielding  to  impulses 
which  might  create  a  dangerous  precedent.  In 
fine,  Mr.  Justice  Berthelot's  judicial  career  has 
been  conscientious,  able  and  upright,  and  entitles 
him  to  the  gratitude  of  bis  countrymen. 

Le  Nouveau- Monde,  on  29th  of  August, 
1876,  reprinting  the  above  article  from  the 
Gazette,  accompanied  it  with  the  following 
remarks  : 

This  testimony  is  corroborated  by  all  those  who 
had  occasion  to  appreciate  personally  the  talent?, 
the  carefulness,  the  integrity,  and  the  knowledge 
displayed  by  this  hon.  judge  in  the  exercise  of  his 
judicial  duties.  Some  of  his  decisions  in  cases  of 
the  highest  importance  fully  demonstrated  the 
fact,  that  he  was  imbued  with  a  sound  judgment 
and  a  knowledge  of  jurisprudence  and  statutory 
laws  sufficient  to  make  his  reputation  and  author- 
ity cope  with  that  of  the  most  distinguished 
judges  who  have  illustrated  our  Canadian  bench. 
Liberated  from  the  toils  and  fatigues  of  the  im- 

Berthelot,  we  hope,  will  not  withdraw  entirely 
from  public  life,  and  the  population  of  this  prov- 
ince could  still  benefit  by  his  great  experience, 
his  serious  studies,  and  his  deep  knowledge  of 
men  and  things,  which  he  has  acquired  during 
more  than  twenty  years  on  the  bench. 

Judge  Berthelot  has  since  remained  in  pri- 
vate life,  without  an  occasion  to  make  him- 
self useful  to  his  country.  Whilst  he  was  prac- 
tising at  the  bar,  he  had  been  often  request- 
ed to  enter  parliament  by  several  counties 
of  the  district  of  Montreal,  and  in  1858  jpvhen 
the  division  of  Alma  was  to  elect  its  first 
representative  in  the  Legislative  Council,  he 
had  been  requested  to  be  a  candidate  by  a 
great  number  of  the  citizens  of  the  division, 
one  of  the  two  candidates  at  that  time  being 
willing  to  withdraw  in  his  favour  if  he  ac- 
cepted the  candidature.  But  Mr.  Berthelot 
had  always  refused,  in  order  that  his  part- 
ners and  friends,  Sir  L.  H.  Lafontaine  and 
Sir  George  E.  Cartier,  be  not  deprived  of 
the  services  he  was  rendering  them,  while 
these  statesmen  were  engaged  in  political  life, 
with  so  much  credit  to  themselves  and  satis- 
faction for  the  country.  Mr.  Berthelot  since 
that  time  has  travelled  several  times  in  Eng- 
land, France  and  Italy,  where  he  has  made 
several  friends,  with  whom  he  still  keeps  an 
active  correspondence.  In  conclusion,  we 
may  say  that  during  the  second  rebellion, 


46 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


in  November,  1838,  Mr.  Berthelot  was  ar- 
rested and  sent  to  gaol  without  cause  or 
warrant,  with  many  of  the  best  citizens  of 
Montreal,  viz.,  Messieurs  Lafontaine,  the 
two  Messieurs  Viger,  M.  Papineau,  a  brother 
of  the  speaker,  Dr.  Lusignan,  Mr.  Fabre, 
Mr.  DeBoucherville,  sr.,  Amable  Badeaux, 
his  cousin,  and  his  young  friend  Dr.  Per- 
reault.  The  latter  was  soon  let  free  to  at- 
tend his  young  wife.  Mr.  Berthelot,  having 
inquired,  by  a  letter  addressed  to  Colonel 
Goldie,  secretary  of  his  Excellency  the 
Governor,  Sir  John  Colborne,  for  the  cause 
of  his  arrest,  expressing  by  his  letter  his 
readiness  to  be  brought  to  trial,  received 
no  written  answer,  but  a  few  days  after  was 
invited  to  leave  the  gaol  and  go  to  his  home. 
At  the  same  time  he  had  also  written  to  the 
late  Andrew  Stuart,  solicitor- general,  resid- 
ing at  Montreal,  with  whom  he  was  well  ac- 
quainted, representing  in  proper  terms 
against  his  unjust  detention,  and  always 
thought  that  he  owed  much  to  the  interest 
of  Mr.  Stuart  for  his  immediate  release. 
Of  Mr.  Stuart,  the  solicitor-general,  much 
can  be  said  ;  that  he  was  at  least  equal,  if 
not  superior  to  his  brother,  the  late  Sir 
James  Stuart,  chief  justice  of  Quebec. 

MacLeod,  Rev.  John  M.,  Presby- 
terian minister  of  Zion  church,  Charlotte- 
town,  Prince  Edward  Island.  This  greatly 
respected  divine  was  born  at  the  West  Biver 
of  Pictou,  in  the  province  of  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  25th  of  August,  1827.  His  father, 
Ebenezer  MacLeod,  was  also  a  native  of  the 
West  Biver  of  Pictou.  He  was  a  man  of  fair 
education,  of  sound  judgment,  of  extensive 
information,  and  of  deep  and  fervent  piety. 
He  was  for  many  years  an  elder  in  the  con- 
gregation of  Salem,  Green  Hill,  and  was 
secretary  of  what  is  claimed  to  have  been 
the  first  temperance  society  in  this  Do- 
minion. His  parents  were  from  Scotland. 
He  was  married  to  Barbara  Benvie,  daugh- 
ter of  James  Benvie,  of  Musquodoboit,  and 
died  in  the  82nd  year  of  his  age.  The 
subject  of  this  brief  sketch,  having  received 
a  good  English  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  the  country,  entered  a  printing 
office  in  the  town  of  Pictou,  and  served  a 
regular  apprenticeship  to  the  printing  busi- 
ness. He,  however,  in  compliance  with  the 
earnest  wish  of  his  parents,  resumed  his 
studies  with  a  view  to  the  ministry.  He 
entered  the  Pictou  Academy,  where  for 
two  years  he  studied  Latin,  Greek,  natural 
philosophy,  and  mathematics,  under  Pro- 


fessors Bell  and  Hay.  About  this  time  the 
Presbyterian  church  of  Nova  Scotia,  for  the 
purpose  of  training  a  native  ministry,  open- 
ed what  was  known  as  the  West  Biver  Sem- 
inary, the  head  teacher  of  which  was  the 
Bev.  James  Boss,  D.D.,  afterwards  principal 
of  Dalhousie  College,  Halifax.  Mr.  Mac- 
Leod was  one  of  twelve  students  who  en- 
tered the  first  year  this  institution  was  open- 
ed. Here  he  took  the  regular  arts  course 
of  four  years,  and  studied  theology  three 
years  under  Bev.  John  Keir,  D.D.,  and  Rev. 
James  Smith,  D.D.  He  was  licensed  in  the 
spring  of  1853,  was  called  to  the  congrega- 
tion of  Richmond  Bay  during  the  following 
summer,  and  after  taking  another  term  in 
the  Theological  Hall,  was  ordained  and  in- 
ducted into  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  above 
named  congregation  on  the  9th  Nov.,  1854, 
where  he  laboured  with  much  success  for 
nearly  seven  years.  During  the  fourth  year 
of  his  ministry  he  was  married  to  Amelia 
Parker,  daughter  of  Francis  B.  Parker,  of 
Nova  Scotia,  who  for  many  years  was  a 
member  of  the  Provincial  legislature.  He 
was  married  to  his  present  wife,  Mrs.  L.  G. 
Taylor,  in  1879.  In  1860  Bev.  Mr.  Mac- 
Leod accepted  a  call  to  Newport,  Hants 
county,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  continued 
to  labour  with  acceptance  and  success  for 
ten  years.  While  in  Newport  he  declined 
a  call  to  Boston,  Massachusetts,  and  in  1870 
accepted  one  to  New  Glasgow,  Pictou,  Nova 
Scotia.  But  there  being  at  this  time  four 
Presbyterian  congregations  in  the  small 
town  of  New  Glasgow,  and  Bev.  Mr.  Mac- 
Leod, believing  that  his  labours  were  more 
required  elsewhere,  accepted  a  call  to  his 
present  charge,  into  which  he  was  inducted 
on  the  19th  of  July,  1871.  His  labours  in 
this  field  have  been  crowned  with  a  fair  mea- 
sure of  success.  On  two  different  occasions 
additions  of  over  one  hundred  and  twenty, 
mostly  young  persons,  were  made  to  the 
communion  roll.  Mr.  MacLeod  is  at  pre- 
sent clerk  of  the  presbytery.  He  has  held 
that  position  for  twenty-one  years  in  the 
Presbytery  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  and 
for  seven  years  in  the  Presbytery  of  Hali- 
fax, Nova  Scotia. 

Si  Ho  ii,  Hon.  John  Wright,  Bran- 
don, Manitoba,  was  born  in  the  township 
of  London,  county  of  Middlesex,  Ontario, 
on  the  10th  August,  1833.  He  is  the 
youngest  son  of  Bamlet  and  Mary  Sifton, 
who  came  from  the  county  of  Tipperary, 
Ireland,  in  1832,  and  settled  in  London 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


47 


township.  His  ancestors  on  both  sides 
were  English.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  and  grammar  schools  of  Lon- 
don. Up  until  1860  he  devoted  his  time 
to  farming  and  other  business,  when  he 
removed  to  Oil  Springs,  hi  Lambton  county, 
and  engaged  hi  the  oil  business  as  producer 
and  refiner.  Here  he  purchased  a  large 
tract  of  oil  lands  immediately  surrounding 
the  famous  gum  beds,  and  afterwards  sold 
them  to  an  American  company.  This  was 
the  first  foreign  company  that  invested  in 
Canadian  oil  property,  and  they  continued  to 
develop  the  resources  of  their  territory  until 
the  enormous  yield  of  oil  at  Petrolia  made 
it  impossible  for  them  to  successfully  com- 
pete with  this  more  productive  locality.  In 
1870,  Mr.  Sifton  removed  to  Paris,  Brant 
county,  with  the  object  of  having  his  chil- 
dren educated  at  the  grammar  school  there; 
and  in  1872,  in  company  with  his  brother, 
contracted  for  and  built  forty  miles  of  the 
track  of  the  Canada  Southern  Railway.  In 
1873,  he  moved  to  London,  and  was  ap- 
pointed secretary  of  the  Oil  Association, 
and  this  office  he  held  until  the  association 
ceased  operations.  In  1874,  in  company 
with  two  other  gentlemen,  whose  interests 
he  soon  after  bought  out,  he  was  awarded 
the  contract  for  building  and  maintaining 
for  five  years  a  telegraph  line  from  the  city 
of  Winnipeg  to  Fort  Pelley,  and  clearing 
the  track  a  hundred  feet  wide,  for  a  dis- 
tance of  about  three  hundred  miles,  for  the 
then  contemplated  Canadian  Pacific  Railway. 
Although  this  contract,  when  it  was  entered 
into,  appeared  to  be  one  likely  to  give  a 
fair  profit,  yet  it  afterwards  turned  out  the 
opposite  way.  The  fearful  wet  seasons  of 
1876,  '77,  and  '78,  flooded  the  country  for 
forty  miles  east  of  Lake  Manitoba,  and 
sixty  miles  west  along  the  line  to,  in  some 
places,  a  depth  of  six  feet,  making  it  im- 
possible to  keep  the  line  up,  and  as  the 
Government  refused  to  make  any  allowance 
for  this,  the  loss  was  very  great.  Some 
idea  may  be  formed  of  the  difficulty  of  per- 
forming work  in  this  country  at  that  time, 
when  we  state  that,  one  winter,  provisions 
having  ran  out  at  one  of  Mr.  Sifton's  camps, 
he  had  to  send  supplies  by  dog-trains  160 
miles,  and  then  have  it  carried  on  men's 
backs,  60  miles  further,  making  it  to  cost 
twelve  cents  per  pound  freight  from  Win- 
nipeg to  the  camp,  and  at  no  time  during 
the  best  part  of  the  season  could  he  deliver 
the  same  goods  at  their  destination  for  less 


than  five  cents  per  pound  freight.  In  1875, 
the  firm  of  Sifton,  Ward  &  Co.  were  award- 
ed the  contracts  for  sections  thirteen  and 
fourteen  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway, 
and  Mr.  Sifton,  the  senior  member  of  the 
firm,  undertook  charge  of  section  four- 
teen, which  commenced  at  Red  River,  and 
extended  a  distance  of  seventy-seven  miles 
to  Cross  Lake.  During  this  time  he  re- 
moved to  Manitoba,  settling  at  Selkirk, 
and  here  he  remained  until  the  comple- 
tion of  his  telegraph  and  railroad  con- 
tracts. The  money  involved  in  these  two 
operations  amounted  to  about  a  million 
and  a  half  dollars.  In  1879,  he  took  up 
his  abode  in  Winnipeg,  where  he  purchased 
some  real  estate  outside  the  city  limits,  and 
erected  for  himself  a  fine  residence.  Taking 
advantage  of  the  "  boom  of  1881,"  he  sold 
out  this  property  and  moved  to  Brandon, 
where  he  now  resides.  Here  he  has  invested 
a  considerable  sum  of  money  in  farming 
lands,  and  for  four  years  succeeded  in  rais- 
ing in  each  year  from  10,000  to  18,000 
bushels  of  grain.  But  the  years  of  frost 
(1883,  '84,  '85)  having  made  the  raising  of 
wheat  or  grain  in  large  quantities  a  risky 
business,  and  the  collapse  in  values  of  all 
kinds  of  property,  especially  real  estate, 
have  forced  Mr.  Sifton  to  suspend  business 
operations  in  this  direction  for  the  present. 
However,  from  his  experience  of  over  twelve 
years  in  the  North- West  country,  and  a 
thorough  practical  knowledge  of  farming, 
he  thinks  that  although  extensive  farming 
has  been  in  the  past,  and  may  prove  in  the 
future  from  certain  causes,  a  failure,  when 
compared  with  Ontario,  yet  he  is  impressed 
with  the  idea  that  it  cannot  be  equalled  on 
this  continent  for  fertility  ;  always  provid- 
ing, however,  that  the  present  hindrances 
to  its  prosperity  be  removed.  What  Mr. 
Sifton  wants  for  his  country  is  fair  compe- 
tition in  freights  ;  the  abolition  of  all  mon- 
opoly ;  readjustment  of  our  present  tariff, 
so  that  it  may  have  the  same  chance  as 
Ontario  ;  a  reasonable  homestead  law  that 
will  not  be  changed  every  year,  and, pre- 
emptions at  such  a  price  that  the  settler  can 
meet  it  in  a  reasonable  time.  If  these  con- 
cessions were  made,  he  thinks  the  North- West 
would  make  such  strides  onward  that  the 
most  sanguine  of  us  would  fail  to  realize. 
Mr.  Sifton,  during  his  busy  life,  has  devoted 
tune  to  other  things  besides  purely  business 
matters.  In  1852,  he  became  a  member  of 
the  Order  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance,  and 


48 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


in  1854,  he  also  joined  the  Good  Templars, 
and  has  kept  up  his  connection  with  these 
active  temperance  organizations  to  the  pre- 
sent time.  In  1867,  he  became  one  of  the 
United  Templars,  and  from  1876  to  1883 
he  acted  in  the  capacity  of  president  of 
their  Grand  Lodge  in  Manitoba.  He  was 
grand  worthy  chief  templar  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Manitoba  of  the  Independent 
Order  of  Good  Templars  in  1884,  and  is  at 
present  president  of  the  Manitoban  Branch 
of  the  "Dominion  Alliance  for  the  suppres- 
sion  of  the  liquor  traffic,  and  has  been  since 
its  formation  in  1879.  He  took  the  leading 
part  in  the  contest  for  the  Scott  Act,  when 
it  was  passed  in  the  counties  of  Lisgar  and 
Marquette.  These  counties  extend  over 
about  three  quarters  of  the  old  province  of 
Manitoba.  The  act  was  carried  by  very 
large  majorities, — more  than  two  to  one 
voting  in  its  favour;  but  on  account  of  the 
vagueness  of  the  meaning  of  some  of  its 
provisions  in  reference  to  counties  in  Mani- 
toba, and  the  impossibility  of  getting  it 
amended,  it  still  remains  a  dead  letter.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Sifton  is  a  Liberal.  In  1878, 
he  received  the  unanimous  nomination  of 
the  Liberal  party  for  the  Commons  for  the 
county  of  Lisgar,  and  organized  and  carried 
on  the  campaign  up  to  the  memorable  day, 
the  17th  of  September,  1878.  The  18th 
being  nomination  day  in  Manitoba,  and  the 
news  reaching  there  of  the  defeat  of  the 
Mackenzie  government,  his  committee  had 
a  hurried  meeting  on  the  morning  before 
nomination,  and  decided  that  it  would  be 
better  for  the  county  if  he  would  withdraw, 
and  allow  a  supporter  of  the  Macdonald 
government  to  be  elected  by  acclamation, 
and  this  he  consented  to  do.  In  the  fall  of 
the  same  year  he  received  the  nomination 
for  the  Local  House  for  the  electoral  divis- 
ion of  St.  Clemens,  and  was  elected  by  a 
large  majority,  and  on  the  assembling  of 
the  house  he  was  elected  speaker.  During 
the  sitting  of  this  parliament  a  redistribu- 
tion bill  was  passed,  giving  the  new  settlers 
something  like  fair  representation,  which 
they  had  not  hitherto  enjoyed.  At  the 
next  general  election  he  ran  for  one  of  the 
new  electoral  divisions,  and  was  defeated. 
In  1881,  when  the  province  was  enlarged, 
he  ran  for  the  division  of  Brandon  and  was 
elected.  In  the  general  election  of  1883  he 
was  defeated;  and  again  at  the  last  general 
election  for  the  division  of  West  Brandon 
he  met  the  same  fate  by  a  small  majority. 


Mr.  Sifton  was  reeve  of  Oil  Springs  and  a 
member  of  the  County  council  of  Lambton 
during  the  years  1867,  '68  and  '69.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  school  board  of  same 
place  in  1868-69,  and  was  reeve  of  the 
municipality  of  Cornwallis  for  1885-86, 
but  declined  the  nomination  in  1887.  He 
has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  pro- 
vince since  1875.  He  has  travelled  over 
the  whole  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  and 
is  familiar  with  all  parts  of  the  United 
States  north  and  south,  and  as  far  west  as 
Omaha.  Mr.  Sifton  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  church  from  choice.  Before  the 
union  he  was  a  Wesley  an  Methodist,  and 
since  then  his  opinions  have  not  changed 
much  on  religious  subjects,  except  that  he 
has  more  confidence  in  those  who  differ 
from  him  in  church  affairs  than  he  had  in 
his  younger  days,  and  now  has  a  greater 
love  for  and  confidence  in  the  teachings  and 
doctrines  of  the  church  of  his  choice.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  General  conference  of 
1882,  and  a  member  of  the  committee  ap- 
pointed by  that  conference  to  confer  with 
committees  appointed  by  other  branches  of 
the  Methodist  church  on  union.  He  was 
strongly  in  favour  of  union,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  conference  held  in  Belleville 
when  the  union  was  consummated.  At  the 
conference  in  1882,  he  took  the  leading  part 
in  having  Manitoba  and  the  North- West  set 
apart  as  a  separate  annual  conference, which 
was  agreed  to  at  that  conference,  r  He  was 
also  a  member  of  the  General  conference 
held  in  Toronto  in  1886.  He  is  now  a  mem- 
ber of  the  general  board  of  missions  of  the 
Methodist  church,  and  has  been  a  member 
of  the  local  board  of  missions  in  the  Mani- 
toba and  the  North- West  conference  since 
its  formation.  He  has  also  been  a  member 
of  Manitoba  and  North- West  annual  confer- 
ence since  the  admission  of  laymen,  and  is 
president  of  the  Brandon  branch  of  the 
Upper  Canada  Bible  Society.  He  has  al- 
ways been  actively  engaged  in  Sabbath 
school  and  church  work,  and  is  superintend- 
ent of  the  Brandon  Sabbath-school.  And 
as  for  temperance  work,  he  has  spent  much 
time  and  labour  in  this  direction,  and  has 
spoken  in  almost  every  section  of  the  country 
on  the  subject.  He  was  married  1st  Octo- 
ber, 1853,  to  Kate,  third  daughter  of  James 
and  Sarah  Watkins,  of  Parsonstown,  King's 
county,  Ireland,  and  has  three  children 
living.  His  oldest  and  only  daughter, 
Sophia,  was  educated  at  Hamilton  Female 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


49 


College,  and  is  married  to  A.  N.  Molesworth, 
civil  engineer,  now  construction  engineer  for 
the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  and  Manitoba 
Railway  Co.  His  oldest  son,  Arthur  Lewis, 
graduated  from  Cobourg  University  in  arts, 
studied  law  in  Manitoba,  was  called  to  the 
bar  in  1882,  and  is  now  practising  law  in 
Prince  Albert.  His  youngest  son,  Clifford, 
graduated  from  Cobourg,  and  is  a  gold 
medallist ;  he  studied  law  in  Manitoba,  was 
called  to  the  bar  in  1882  in  his  twenty- 
second  year,  and  is  now  practising  law  at 
Brandon. 

Armstrong,  Rev.  W.  D.,  M.A.,  Ph. 
D.,  Pastor  of  St.  Paul's  (Presbyterian) 
Church,  Ottawa,  Ontario,  was  born  at  Cavan, 
Durham  county,  Ontario,  on  the  28th  of 
July,  1845,  and  is  the  son  of  John  D.  Arm- 
strong, yeoman,  of  that  place.  After  a  pre- 
liminary education  in  the  schools  of  his 
native  place,  he  entered  Upper  Canada  Col- 
lege, and  soon  attained  to  a  front  place  in 
his  classes.  At  the  close  of  his  term  he 
carried  off  the  Governor-General's  prize,  and 
the  classical,  the  mathematical,  and  modern 
language  prizes.  He  then  entered  the  To- 
ronto University,  and  graduated  from  that 
institution  in  1870,  the  silver  medallist  in 
metaphysics  and  ethics,  and  prizeman  in 
Hebrew,  Chaldee  and  Syriac.  During  his 
pourse'  in  the  university  he  also  obtained  a 
number  of  scholarships  and  prizes  in  vari- 
ous departments.  After  leaving  Toronto 
University  he  took  a  course  in  theology 
in  Knox  (Presbyterian)  College,  Toronto, 
where  he  likewise  distinguished  himself.  On 
the  14th  of  May,  1874,  he  was  ordained 
pastor  of  his  present  charge,  and  has  con- 
tinued ever  since  (with  one  short  break, 
when  he  was  sent  to  Great  Britain  in  1883 
for  a  few  months,  in  the  interest  of  the 
French  Canadian  missions),  as  the  faithful 
exponent  of  Christ's  message  of  love  to  the 
world,  greatly  appreciated  and  esteemed  by 
his  congregation.  In  1886,  the  Boston 
University  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  Rev.  Dr.  Arm- 
strong has  a  strong  liking  for  literature,  and 
amidst  his  various  arduous  parish  cares  and 
duties,  has  found  time  to  contribute  a  good 
many  articles  to  the  newspaper  press,  and 
publish  several  sermons.  On  the  29th  of 
September,  1886,  he  married  Jean  W.,daugh- 
ter  of  Henry  J.  Johnston,  of  Montreal,  a 
very  accomplished  lady,  and  one  who  has 
proved  a  true  helper  to  him  as  minister  of  a 
large  congregation. 
C 


Guthrf  e,  Donald,  Q.  C.,  M.  P.  P.  for 

South  Wellington,  Guelph,  Ontario,  was 
born  on  the  8th  May,  1840,  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland.  His  father  was  Hugh  Guthrie, 
and  his  mother,  Catharine  Macgregor,  sister 
of  Patrick  Macgregor,  M.  A.,  barrister-at- 
law,  Toronto,  a  distinguished  Gaelic  and 
general  scholar.  Mr.  Guthrie  received  bis 
early  education  in  his  native  city,  and,  when 
about  fourteen  years  of  age,  he  left  his 
fatherland.  He  reached  Toronto  in  August, 
1854.  Here  he  entered  the  office  of  the 
Hon.  Oliver  Mowat,  as  a  junior  clerk ;  and 
afterwards  became  managing  clerk  for  John 
HelliweU,  barrister.  In  1859  he  left  To- 
ronto and  settled  in  Guelph  as  managing 
clerk  for  Fergusson  &  Kingsmill,  barristers. 
The  Hon.  Fergusson-Blair,  one  of  the  part- 
ners of  the  firm,  having  retired  in  Decem- 
ber, 1863,  Mr.  Guthrie  was  admitted  into 
partnership,  and  the  name  of  the  firm  was 
changed  to  Kingsmill  and  Guthrie.  Under 
this  style  the  business  was  carried  on  until 
Mr.  Kingsmill  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
County  Court  of  Bruce,  in  January,  1867, 
when  Mr.  Guthrie  became  head  of  the 
firm,  and  has  continued  such  ever  since, 
the  firm  now  being  known  as  Guthrie  and 
Watt.  Mr.  Guthrie  was  admitted  an  at- 
torney in  1863  ;  barrister  in  1866,  passing 
his  examinations  with  distinction  ;  and,  in 
March,  1876,  was  created  a  Queen's  coun- 
sel by  the  Lieut. -Governor  of  Ontario, 
and  by  the  Governor-General  of  Canada, 
October,  1885.  In  December,  1882,  he  was 
elected  a  bencher  of  the  Law  Society,  ami 
was  re-elected  for  five  years  in  April,  1886 
Since  1863  he  has  been  solicitor  for  the' 
county  of  Wellington,  and  also  for  the  same 
period  he  has  been  solicitor  for  the  city  of 
Guelph,  and  acts  in  this  capacity  for  sev- 
eral other  municipalities,  banks,  etc.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  Guelph  Gas  Com- 
pany since  its  incorporation  in  1870  ;  is  a 
director  of  the  Guelph  Junction  Railway 
Company,  and  of  the  Wellington  Hotel 
Company.  He  occupied  the  position  of 
treasurer  of  the  St.  Andrew's  Society  of 
Guelph,  from  1862  to  1869,  and  in  1870 
was  chosen  its  president.  Mr.  Guthrie 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Commons  in  1876,  as  representative  for 
South  Wellington,  and  served  until  the 
general  election  in  1878,  when  he  presented 
himself  for  re-election,  and  was  returned  by 
303  majority.  He  continued  in  the  House 
of  Commons  until  the  general  election  of 


50 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


1882,  when  he  voluntarily  retired  from  ac- 
tive political  life,  with  the  view  of  devoting 
his  whole  attention  for  some  years  to  his 
professional  duties.  However,  in  1886,  he 
once  more  sought  parliamentary  honours, 
and  the  sturdy  Liberals  of  South  Welling- 
ton sent  him  to  the  Ontario  legislature  as 
their  representative  on  the  28th  of  December 
in  the  same  year,  by  the  handsome  majority 
of  671.  Mr.  Guthrie  was  selected  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1877,  to  move  the  reply  to  the  speech 
from  the  throne  in  the  House  of  Commons; 
and  on  the  2nd  March,  1887,  he  moved  the 
reply  to  the  Lieut. -Governor's  address  in 
the  Ontario  legislature.  While  in  the  House 
of  Commons— 1876-78— Mr.  Guthrie  was  a 
supporter  of  Mr.  Mackenzie's  government, 
and  was  an  active  member  of  the  special  com- 
mittee appointed  to  inquire  into  the  affairs 
of  the  Northern  Eailway  Company.  This 
committee  sat  for  several  weeks,  took  an  im- 
mense mass  of  evidence,  and  made  an  ex- 
haustive report,  which  enabled  the  govern- 
ment to  secure  from  the  railway  company  a 
large  sum  in  place  of  moneys  improperly  ex- 
pended in  elections,  etc.  Mr.  Guthrie  was 
also  an  active  member  of  the  Committee  of 
Privileges  and  Elections  at  the  time  when  it 
investigated  the  charges  against  Mr.  Speaker 
Anglin,  and  other  members,  for  alleged 
breaches  of  the  Independence  of  Parliament 
Act.  After  the  defeat  of  Mr.  Mackenzie's 
government  in  1878,  Mr.  Guthrie,  with  his 
political  friends,  went  into  opposition.  He 
actively  opposed  the  new  government  on 
the  tariff,  the  Letellier  matter,  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway  contract,  the  disallowance 
of  the  Streams  Bill,  the  Gerrymander  Act, 
etc.  Mr.  Guthrie  is  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church.  On  the  17th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1863,  he  was  married  in  Montreal  to 
Eliza  Margaret  Mac  Vicar,  youngest  daugh- 
ter of  John  Mac  Vicar,  formerly  of  Dunglass, 
Argyleshire,  Scotland,  and  latterly  of  Chat- 
ham, Ontario.  Mrs.  Guthrie  is  a  sister  of 
the  Rev.  D.  H.  MacVicar,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
principal  of  the  Presbyterian  College,  Mont- 
real, and  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Malcolm  Mac- 
Vicar,  professor  of  theology  in  the  Toronto 
Baptist  College  (McMaster  Hall),  Toronto. 
Hin§oii,  Rev.  Walter,  Pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  Church,  Moncton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  at  Chesham,  England,  on  the 
14th  of  May,  1858,  and  came  to  Canada  in 
1879.  His  father,  Thomas  Hinson,  and 
mother,  Mary  Benwell,  are  both  alive,  and 
are  residing  in  Hertfordshire,  Eng. ;  he  has 


a  brother  and  sister  in  London.  Rev.  Mr. 
Hinson  was  educated  at  Hulme  Cliff  Col- 
lege in  Derbyshire,  and  Harley  House,  East 
London,  England.  He  studied  for  the  min- 
istry, and  was  ordained  in  1880.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Eastern  New  Brunswick  Bap- 
tist Association,  and  the  church  of  which  he 
is  pastor  is  one  of  the  most  important  centres 
of  religious  activity  in  the  district.  It  has 
a  membership  of  between  six  and  seven 
hundred,  and  over  four  hundred  scholars  in 
its  Sunday-school.  For  general  benevolence 
and  Christian  aggressiveness  its  record  is 
good.  Rev.  Mr.  Hinson  has  always  been 
a  total  abstainer,  and  from  early  youth  con- 
nected with  temperance  societies.  He  is 
at  present  a  member  of  the  Moncton  Divi- 
sion, Sons  of  Temperance,  and  is  considered 
one  of  the  most  aggressive  of  the  temper- 
ance army  in  New  Brunswick.  Mr.  Hinson 
was  brought  up  among  the  Baptists,  and 
very  naturally  feels  greatly  at  home  in,  and 
is  one  of  the  leading  lights  of,  the  denomi- 
nation. In  the  pulpit  he  possesses  a  pecu- 
liar power,  his  manner  and  matter  being 
forcible  and  original,  and  we  have  no  doubt 
there  is  a  great  future  of  usefulness  before 
this  young  and  rising  divine.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  July,  1886,  to  Jennie  A.  Austin,  of 
Herts,  England. 

AIIi§on,  4  harlei  F.— The  late  Charles 
F.  Allison,  of  Sackville,  New  Brunswick, 
who  was  born  on  the  25th  of  January,  1795, 
and  died  the  20th  of  November,  1858,  at  the 
age  of  sixty-three  years,  was  the  second 
son  of  James  Allison,  whose  father,  Joseph 
Allison,  of  Newton  Limavady,  county  of 
Londonderry,  Ireland,  emigrated  to  Nova 
Scotia  in  1769,  and  settled  at  Horton,  King's 
county,  where  he  continued  to  reside  until 
his  death  in  1794.  James  Allison  married 
and  settled  at  Cornwallis,  where  he  lived 
and  died  at  the  ripe  age  of  ninety  years. 
Here  Charles  F.  was  born,  and  received  his 
education  at  the  Grammar  school,  and  in 
1812  moved  to  Parrsboro',  where  he  found 
employment  as  a  clerk  in  the  establishment 
of  James  Ratchford  until  1817,  when  he 
went  to  Sackville,  New  Brunswick,  and  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  the  late  Hon.  Wil- 
liam Crane,  in  a  general  mercantile  busi- 
ness, and  in  this  he  continued  until  1840. 
On  the  4th  of  January,  1839,  Mr.  Allison 
addressed  a  letter  to  the  chairman  of  the 
New  Brunswick  district  of  Wesleyan  minis- 
ters, in  which  he  proposed  "  to  purchase  an 
eligible  site  and  erect  suitable  buildings  in 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


51 


Sackville,  in  the  county  of  Westmoreland, 
for  the  establishment  of  a  school,  in  which 
not  only  the  elementary,  but  the  higher 
branches  of  education  may  be  taught,  and 
to  be  altogether  under  the  management  and 
control  of  the  British  conference  in  con- 
nection with  the  Wesleyan  missionaries  in 
these  provinces  ;  "  and  he  proposed  to  give 
£100  ($400)  per  annum  for  ten  years  to- 
wards the  support  of  the  school.  This  gen- 
erous offer  having  been  accepted,  he  made 
arrangements  to  proceed  with  the  erection 
of  a  suitable  edifice  for  the  academy — the 
corner-stone  of  which  was  laid  on  the  9th 
of  July,  1840,  and  from  that  time  to  the 
close  of  his  life  in  1858,  he  devoted  a  large 
share  of  his  time  and  business  talent  to 
watching  over  and  promoting  the  financial 
interests  of  the  educational  enterprise  which, 
under  his  fostering  care,  developed  wonder- 
fully. In  addition  to  the  $20,000  which  he 
had  given  to  establish  the  older  branch  of 
the  institution,  he  gave  $4,000  to  aid  in  the 
erection  of  the  ladies'  branch,  which  was 
opened  in  1854  ;  and  in  his  will  he  left 
$2,000  for  the  academies,  and  $1,000  for 
the  college  whenever  it  should  be  organized. 
So  that  of  the  moderate  fortune  which  he 
had  accumulated  before  retiring  from  mer- 
cantile life  in  1840,  at  least  $30,000  were 
employed  in  founding  and  establishing  the 
educational  institutions  which  bear  his  name, 
and  which  stand  as  the  enduring  monument 
of  the  far-seeing  wisdom  and  liberality  of 
this  unselfish  Christian  patriot.  Mr.  Alli- 
son was  married  to  Milcah,  daughter  of 
John  and  Anne  Trueman,  on  June  23rd, 
1840.  Mrs.  Allison  survived  him,  but  died 
on  the  14th  of  June,  1884.  Mary,  their 
only  child,  was  born  1st  Sept.,  1847,  and 
died  1st  Jan.,  1871.  At  the  date  of  Mr. 
Allison's  demise,  The  Borderer,  a  local 
weekly  paper,  thus  kindly  alluded  to  him  : 

"  Our  sheet  this  week  appears  in  mourning,  be- 
cause we  are  called  to  record  the  death  of  one 
whose  removal  is  indeed  a  public  loss,  and  one, 
too,  of  no  ordinary  magnitude.  Almost  every  in- 
dividual in  our  community  feels  the  death  of 
Charles  F.  Allison  as  a  public  bereavement.  But 
far  beyond  the  circle  of  personal  acquaintance- 
ship, everywhere  throughout  the  lower  British 
American  colonies,  Mr.  Allison's  name  has  been 
known  and  his  influence  felt,  as  the  most  munifi- 
cent public  benefactor  who  has  yet  arisen  in  these 
provinces,  to  bless  his  country  and  benefit  the 
world.  Mr.  Allison  was  a  native  of  Cornwallis, 
Nova  Scotia,  but  came  to  this  place  when  a  young 
man,  and  here  carried  on,  in  connection  with  his 
partner,  the  late  Hon.  Wm.  Crane,  an  extensive 
business  until  1840.  .  In  all  his  business  transac- 


tions he  was  remarkable  for  diligence,  promptitude, 
punctuality,  and  rigid  honesty.  He  did  not  make 
haste  to  be  rich  by  embarking  in  any  rash  specu- 
lation, being,  doubtlessly,  more  inclined  to  the 
safe  than  to  the  rapid  mode  of  acquiring  wealth. 
He  was,  however,  quite  successful,  so  that  when 
he  was  led,  many  years  since,  to  the  more  earnest 
consideration  of  the  fundamental  doctrine  of  the 
Christian  system  of  practical  ethics,  '  Ye  are  not 
your  own,  but  bought  ivith  a  price,'  etc.,  he  found 
himself  in  possession  of  a  considerable  amount  of 
property,  of  which  he  evidently,  thenceforward 
to  the  end  of  his  life,  considered  himself  but  the 
steward  ;  and  as  such  he  was  eminently  wise  and 
faithful,  so  that,  we  doubt  not,  he  has  been  greet- 
ed by  his  Divine  Master  with  the  commendation, 
'  Well  done,  good  and  faithful  servant.'  A  large 
portion  of  the  last  eighteen  or  twenty  years  of  his 
life  was  most  unostentatiously  employed  in  var- 
ious works  altogether  unselfish.  The  noble  edu- 
cational institutions  which  he  founded,  and  which 
he  has  so  largely  helped  to  build  up  to  their  pre- 
sent state  of  pre-eminent,  usefulness,  have  occu- 
pied a  great  deal  of  his  time  and  attention,  for  he 
not  only  cheerfully  paid  six  thousand  pounds  and 
upwards  to  ensure  their  establishment,  but  with- 
out fee  or  reward  discharged  the  onerous  duty  of 
treasut  er,  and  watched  and  labored  with  parent- 
al kindness,  solicitude  and  devotion,  to  promote 
their  prosperity.  These,  we  believe,  will  long 
stand,  monuments  of  the  wisdom  as  well  as  of 
the  benevolence  of  the  Christian  patriot  and  phil- 
anthropist. We  have  not  room  to  enlarge  upon 
the  modesty,  gentleness,  affability,  and  other 
traits  of  character  which  so  endeared  him  to  all 
who  had  the  privilege  of  his  personal  acquaintance. 
Nor  yet  can  we  speak  of  the  many  ways  in  which 
his  quiet  influence  will  be  so  much  missed  in  our 
neighborhood.  '  He  rests  from  his  labors,  and  his 
works  do  follow  him." 

In  The  Provincial  Wesleyan,  of  the  same 
week,  published  at  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia, 
a  similar  notice  of  Mr.  Allison's  death  ap- 
peared, in  which  the  writer  said  : 

' '  He  was  a  benefactor  to  his  race,  a  blessing  to 
his  country,  an  ornament  to  the  age  in  which  he 
lived.  He  lived  not  for  himself,  but  for  his  gen- 
eration and  for  generations  yet  unborn.  Fortune, 
this  world's  wealth,  he  sought  and  won  ;  but 
lavished  it  not  on  personal  pleasures  or  selfish 
aggrandizement.  His  time  and  his  means  were 
freely  given  to  the  noble  cause  of  securing  to  the 
youth  of  these  provinces  a  sound,  liberal,  and  re- 
ligious education.  His  humility  equalled  his 
munificence.  He  thirsted  not  for  fame.  But  he 
has  left  a  monument  for  himself  more  noble  than 
sculptured  stone  in  the  institutions  he  has  reared, 
and  with  which  his  worthy  name  must  be  forever 
associated." 

The  Mount  Allison  Academic  Gazette,  in 
its  first  issue  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Allison, 
said  : 

"  The  relation  which  Mr.  Allison  sustained  to 
the  institution,  and  to  all  who  were  connected 
with  it,  was  such  as  no  other  individual  can  ever 
sustain.  His  removal  is,  therefore,  to  it  and  to 
them  an  irreparable  loss.  The  feeling  of  sadness 


52 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


and  anxiety  induced  by  this  event  must,  there- 
fore, with  those  who  understand  the  matter,  be 
altogether  other  than  an  evanescent  one.  But 
although  we  are  sure  that  we  shall  find  every- 
where many  to  sympathise  with  us  in  our  abiding 
sorrow  as  we  think  of  the  deep  affliction  which 
befell  us  and  the  institution  when  its  father  was 
taken  from  us,  we  think  it  more  becoming  for  us 
to  ask  them  to  rejoice  with  us  in  gratefully  ac- 
knowledging how  much  he  was  allowed  to  accom- 
plish for  it  whilst  he  yet  lived.  Nearly  nineteen 
years  were  added  to  his  life  after  he  had  formed 
the  noble  design  of  founding  such  an  institution, 
and  during  all  these  years  he  labored  and  studied 
and  prayed  for  its  prosperity,  as  its  father  only 
could  do.  The  value  of  the  services  which  he 
rendered  to  the  institution,  '  not  grudgingly,  as 
of  necessity,'  but  ever  most  cheerfully,  and,  be  it 
remembered,  entirely  gratuitously,  cannot  be  es- 
timated. Probably  if  an  accurate  account  had 
been  kept  of  them,  charging  for  each  item  its  fair 
business  value,  they  would  be  found  to  amount 
to  scarcely  less  than  the  sum  of  his  princely  money 
benefactions  to  the  founding  and  establishing  this 
institution.  Certainly  it  may  well  be  questioned 
whether  the  devotion  of  twice  the  six  or  seven 
thousand  pounds,  which  he  gave,  would  without 
such  personal  attention  and  services,  have  secured 
the  establishment  of  such  an  institution  as  he  has 
left  to  perpetuate  the  blessed  memory  of  his 
name." 

The  board  of  trustees  of  the  institution, 
at  a  special  meeting  held  on  6th  Jan.,  1859, 
passed  the  following  resolutions,  among 
others  : 

"  1.  That  although  we  are  deeply  conscious  that 
the  academy  has  sustained  an  irreparable  loss  in 
the  decease  of  Charles  F.  Allison,  Esq.,  and  al- 
though the  remembrance  that  his  work  on  earth 
is  done,  that  the  invaluable  services  which,  as 
treasurer,  chairman  of  building,  furnishing,  and 
executive  committees  of  the  institution,  he  has 
ever  been  wont  so  ungrudgingly  to  render,  have 
now  ceased,  and  that  the  board  can  no  more  hope 
to  be  aided  in  its  deliberations  by  his  eminently 
sage  counsels,  induces  a  feeling  of  sadness  almost 
overwhelming  ;  yet  the  board  would  recognize 
as  ground  for  profound  gratitude  to  Him  without 
whom  'nothing  is  wise,  nothing  good,' the  magni- 
tude of  the  work  which  our  departed  brother  was 
enabled  and  allowed  so  wisely  to  undertake  and 
successfully  to  accomplish  in  founding,  and  so 
essentially  helping  to  build  up  to  its  present  emi- 
nently prosperous  condition,  the  Mount  Allison 
Wesleyan  Academy  in  its  two  affiliated  branches. 

"  2.  That  in  the  judgment  of  this  board,  Mr. 
Allison,  in  devoting  so  large  a  portion  of  his  time 
and  wealth  to  the  establishment  of  an  educational 
institution  which  is  of  such  wide-spread  influence 
and  usefulness,  acted  as  a  truly  wise  Christian 
steward,  and  fairly  entitled  himself  to  the  pre- 
eminently honourable  position  which  has  been  as- 
signed to  him  as  '  the  noblest  public  benefactor' 
which  has  yet  arisen  in  these  provinces  to  benefit  his 
country  and  bless  the  world  :  '  and  believing  that 
so  long  as  this  institution  may  continue  in  opera- 
tion true  to  his  design  and  worthy  of  its  past  his- 
tory, it  will  stand  the  monment  of  the  distinguish- 
ed Christian  patriot  and  philanthropist,perpetuat- 


ing  the  memory  alike  of  his  wisdom  and  his  benev- 
olence, this  board  will,  as  performing  a  sacred 
duty,  earnestly  endeavour  to  maintain  in  ever  in- 
creasing efficiency." 

Resolutions  of  a  similar  character  were 
passed  by  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  Confer- 
ence of  Eastern  British  America  at  its  next 
ensuing  annual  session.  See  published 
minutes  for  the  year  1859,  pp.  21-22. 

Senkler,  William  Stevens,  Judge 
of  the  County  Court  of  the  County  of  Lan- 
ark, Perth,  is  an  Englishman  by  birth,  hav- 
ing been  born  at  Docking,  Norfolk  county, 
England,  on  the  15th  of  January,  1838.  His 
father  was  the  Eev.  Edmund  John  Senkler, 
M.A.,  of  Cains  College,  Cambridge,  a  clergy- 
man of  the  Church  of  England  ;  and  his 
mother  was  Eleanor  Elizabeth  Stevens, 
daughter  of  the  Eev.  William  Stevens,  M.A., 
Oxon,  of  Sedberg,  Yorkshire,  England. 
The  parents  of  Judge  Senkler,  with  their 
family  of  nine  children,  came  to  Canada  in 
May,  1843,  and  resided  in  the  city  of  Que- 
bec, where  the  Rev.  Mr.  Senkler  occupied 
for  some  time  the  position  of  'rector  of  the 
High  School.  He  then  moved  to  Sorel,  and 
in  September,  1847,  to  Brockville,  at  which 
place  he  died  on  the  28th  of  October,  1872, 
Mrs.  Senkler  following  him  to  the  grave  on 
the  16th  of  March,  1873.  Judge  Senkler 
was  educated  by  his  father,  and  commenced 
life  in  mercantile  pursuits  ;  but  afterwards 
studied  law  with  the  Hon.  A  N.  Richards, 
late  lieutenant-governor  of  British  Colum- 
bia, and  also  with  the  Hon.  Edward  Blake. 
During  the  Michaelmas  term  of  1860,  he 
was  admitted  as  solicitor  ;  and  was  called 
to  the  bar  in  Trinity  term,  1861.  He  then 
began  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Brockville, 
first,  with  J.  D.  Buell,  then  with  Hon.  A. 
N.  Richards,  and  lastly,  with  his  brother, 
Edmund  John  Senkler  (now  county  judge 
of  Lincoln),  down  to  December,  1873,  when 
he  was  appointed  by  the  Mackenzie  govern- 
ment, judge  of  the  County  Court  of  the 
county  of  Lanark.  On  the  15th  of  October, 
1875,  he  was  appointed  master  in  chancery 
at  Perth,  by  the  judges  of  that  court.  On 
the  10th  of  October,  1877,  referee  of  titles 
by  the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Chancery.  On 
the  14th  of  March,  1882,  he  was  made  local 
judge  of  the  High  Court  of  Justice  for  On- 
tario ;  and  on  the  26th  of  October,  1885,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  position  of  revising 
officer  for  the  south  riding  of  Lanark  by 
the  Macdonald  government.  Judge  Senkler 
has  taken  an  active  interest  in  military 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


53 


matters,  and  helped  to  organize  the  Brock- 
ville  Light  Infantry  Company,  which  now 
forms  part  of  the  42nd  battalion.  He  held 
the  rank  of  ensign  in  his  company.  True 
to  the  traditions  of  his  house,  the  judge  is  a 
member  of  the  Church  of  England,  and 
served  as  church  warden  in  St.  Peter's 
Church,  Brockville,  and  St.  James'  Church, 
Perth,  for  several  years.  He  has  also  acted 
in  the  capacity  of  lay  delegate  to  the  Synod 
of  the  diocese  of  Ontario  from  St.  James' 
Church,  Perth.  Judge  Senkler  was  married 
on  the  21st  of  May,  1862,  by  the  late  Eev. 
Dr.  Adamson,  in  the  Episcopal  Cathedral, 
Quebec,  to  Honor  Tett,  daughter  of  the 
late  Benjamin  Tett,  of  Newboro',  Ontario, 
who  at  that  time  represented  South  Leeds 
in  the  parliament  of  Canada,  and  who  sat 
for  the  same  riding  in  the  first  parliament 
of  Ontario.  The  issue  of  this  marriage  has 
been  two  daughters  and  one  son.  Judge 
Senkler  is  a  hale  and  hearty  man,  and  we 
predict  for  him  a  long  life  of  usefulness. 

Hill,  Andrew  Gregory,  Police  Mag- 
istrate, Niagara  Falls,  was  born  on  the  23rd 
of  September,  1834,  in  the  township  of 
Clinton,  county  of  Lincoln,  Ontario.  His 
ancestors  were  among  the  pioneers  of  the 
province.  They  came  to  this  country  im- 
mediately after  the  revolutionary  war  of 
1776,  and  took  up  land  as  U.  E.  loyalists. 
The  township  of  Clinton  was  then  an  un- 
broken wilderness,  without  a  habitation, 
and  without  a  road,  save  the  track  of  the  red 
man.  Newark,  now  Niagara,  about  twenty- 
five  miles  distant,  was  the  nearest  village, 
and  the  only  practicable  means  of  reaching 
it  was  by  boat  down  the  lake.  It  is  diffi- 
cult for  us  now  to  realize  the  privations  that 
the  early  settlers  had  to  undergo,  especially 
when  we  consider  the  severity  of  the  win- 
ters, the  proximity  of  the  Indian  bands,  and 
the  inaccessible  condition  of  the  country. 
Even  in  later  years  when  small  plots  of  land 
were  reduced  to  a  state  of  cultivation,  they 
were  compelled  to  manufacture  their  own 
meal  by  the  most  primitive  methods.  Sol- 
omon Hill  was  one  of  the  second  generation 
after  these  pioneers,  and  in  1833  he  mar- 
ried Eleanor  Gregory,  also  the  descendant 
of  a  U.  E.  loyalist  family.  Andrew  Gregory 
Hill  was  the  eldest  child  of  this  marriage. 
Both  his  grandsires  bore  arms  in  the  war 
of  1812,  and  were  both  severely  wounded. 
Solomon  Hill,  his  father,  served .  with  the 
militia  in  the  rebellion  of  1837,  but  pri- 
vately sympathized  with  the  patriot  cause, 


and  in  later  years  became  a  great  admirer 
of  William  Lyon  MacKenzie,  the  patriot 
leader.  Andrew  was  brought  up  to  farm 
life,  attending  the  public  school  in'  winter, 
and  assisting  his  father  in  summer.  At  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  was  sent  to  Victoria  Col- 
lege, Cobourg,  where  he  subsequently  grad- 
uated in  arts  and  in  law,  having  in  the 
meantime  taught  school  for  nearly  two  years 
in  order  to  provide  funds  with  which  to 
prosecute  his  studies.  He  subsequently 
studied  law  in  Cobourg,  and  afterwards  in 
St.  Catharines,  and  lastly  with  the  late 
Adam  Crooks,  at  one  time  minister  of  edu- 
cation for  the  province  of  Ontario,  in  Tor- 
onto. Mr.  Hill  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1862,  and  caUed  to  the  bar  in  1864.  He 
commenced  practice  in  St.  Catharines,  but 
only  continued  there  a  few  months,  when 
he  entered  into  partnership  with  Warren 
Rock,  late  of  London,  and  removed  to  Wei- 
land.  Here  he  practised  for  more  than  ten 
years.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  all 
local  matters,  being  for  many  years  in  suc- 
cession a  member  of  the  school  board,  the 
village  council,  the  county  council,  and  the 
county  board  of  education.  In  1864,  Mr. 
Hill  became  identified  with  the  local  press, 
and  shortly  afterwards  started  The  Welland 
Tribune,  which  paper  at  once  became,  and 
has  since  continued  to  be,  the  organ  of  the 
Reform  party  in  the  county.  In  1872  Mr. 
Hill,  being  an  active  politician,  was  nomi- 
nated by  the  Reform  party  of  the  county 
of  Welland  for  the  House  of  Commons,  in 
opposition  to  the  late  Mr.  Street,  a  tory, 
who  had  held  the  county  for  many  years, 
but  was  defeated.  In  1874  he  was  appointed 
police  magistrate  for  the  town  of  Niagara 
Falls,  under  the  special  "Act  to  provide  for 
the  better  government  of  that  part  of  On- 
tario situate  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Falls  of 
Niagara,"  which  position  he  has  held  since 
that  time.  His  administration  in  that  capa- 
city has  been  prompt  and  vigorous — some 
of  his  judgments  being  regarded  by  many 
as  severe — but  in  consequence  of  the  bold 
stand  he  took  as  a  magistrate,  he  soon 
brought  about  a  beneficial  change  in  the 
locality,  and  drove  away  large  numbers  of 
the  criminal  class  who  formerly  infested  the 
neighbourhood.  Notwithstanding  his  ap- 
pointment as  police  magistrate,  he  still  con- 
tinued to  practise  his  profession,  and  in 
1886  was  appointed  solicitor  for  the  town 
of  Niagara  Falls,  for  the  Imperial  bank  of 
Canada  at  Niagara  Falls,  and  for  the  Ni- 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


agara  Falls  Street  Railway  Company.  In 
1865  Mr.  Hill  married  Isabel  Thompson, 
daughter  of  Archibald  Thompson,  of  Stam- 
ford, who  was  for  many  years  treasurer  of 
the  county  of  Welland,  and  whose  ancestors 
were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  this 
county. 

Anderson,  Alexander,  Principal  of 
the  Prince  of  Wales  College,  Charlottetown, 
Prince  Edward  Island,  was  born  at  Aber- 
deen, Scotland,  30th  September,  1836.  His 
father,  Alexander  Anderson,  and  his  moth- 
er, Margaret  Imray,  belonged  to  families 
residing  in  the  adjacent  parishes  of  Ban- 
chory  Ternan  and  Midmar.  Until  1854,  he 
attended  school  in  the  town  of  Aberdeen. 
The  six  or  seven  years  prior  to  that  date 
were  passed  under  the  tuition  of  William 
Eattray,  an  educationist  of  considerable  re- 
pute in  the  north  of  Scotland.  Government 
grants  and  inspection  were  then  in  their  in- 
fancy, and  Mr.  Kattray  was  one  of  the  first 
in  that  quarter  to  hail  the  advent  of  a  sys- 
tem which,  sooner  or  later,  was  bound  to 
develop  into  a  national  scheme  of  educa- 
tion. From  Aberdeen,  Mr.  Anderson  pro- 
ceeded to  Edinburgh  to  the  Training  Col- 
lege at  Moray  House,  having  gained  the 
first  scholarship  at  the  annual  competition 
held  in  that  city.  At  this  institution  he  re- 
mained two  years.  Moray  House  was  then 
under  the  able  rectorship  of  James  Sime, 
one  of  the  best  scholars  and  most  enthusi- 
astic teachers  of  whom  Scotland  could  then 
boast,  and  was,  during  his  incumbency, 
several  times  reported  as  the  best  college 
of  its  kind  in  Great  Britain.  When  Mr. 
Anderson  finished  his  course  at  the  Training 
College,  he  was  selected  as  an  assistant 
master  in  the  public  school  in  connection 
with  it.  He  held  this  position  for  more 
than  two  years,  and  only  resigned  it  to 
complete  his  studies  at  the  university.  At 
the  University  of  Edinburgh,  whose  classes 
he  attended  for  four  years,  his  career  was 
distinguished.  In  the  classes  of  mathe- 
matics and  natural  philosophy  he  took  the 
first  place,  and  in  both  was  bracketed  with 
another  for  the  Straton  gold  medals,  at  that 
time  the  highest  mathematical  honours  con- 
ferred by  the  university.  In  the  spring  of 
1862,  the  proposal  was  made,  through  the 
rector  of  the  Training  College,  that  he 
should  take  the  second  professorship  in  the 
Prince  of  Wales  College.  This  appoint- 
ment he  accepted,  and  proceeded  to  Prince 
Edward  Island  in  November  of  that  year. 


In  1868  he  was  appointed  principal,  and  on 
the  amalgamation  of  the  Prince  of  Wales 
College  and  Normal  School,  principal  of  the 
united  institutions,  and  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Education.  On  the  schools  of 
Prince  Edward  Island,  Mr.  Anderson  has 
made  a  marked  and  lasting  impress,  which 
is  every  year  deepening.  His  remarkable 
accuracy  of  information,  his  thorough  scho- 
larship, and  his  enthusiastic  devotion  to  the 
cause  of  education,  have  had  a  most  aston- 
ishing effect  in  arousing  an  interest  in  the 
public  schools  throughout  the  province.  In 
addition  to  this,  his  integrity  of  purpose, 
his  high  sense  of  honour,  and  his  love  of 
truth,  have  been  instilled  into  the  minds  of 
his  pupils,  and  made  effective  through  that 
extraordinary  force  of  character  which  has 
rendered  all  his  teaching  so  impressive.  He 
has  a  wonderful  tact  in  finding  out  and  de- 
veloping talent  in  his  pupils,  and  many  a 
young  man  has  been  started  by  him  in  a 
career  of  usefulness  and  distinction,  who 
might  otherwise  have  remained  unknown. 
Two  of  Mr.  Anderson's  pupils  won,  success- 
ively, the  Gilchrist  scholarship.  The  high- 
est honours  in  the  Maritime  provinces  are 
generally  gained  by  students  from  his 
classes.  During  the  twenty-four  years  Mr. 
Anderson  has  been  in  the  province,  he  may 
be  said  to  have  taken  the  leading  part  in 
every  forward  movement  in  the  cause  of 
education. 

Reddin,  James  Henry,  Barrister, 
Charlottetown,  Prince  Edward  Island,  was 
born  at  Kew,  Surrey,  England,  on  the  9th 
January,  1852.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of 
James  Reddin,  formerly  a  merchant  in  Char- 
lottetown, but  now  holding  the  position  of 
Government  inspector  of  weights  and  mea- 
sures for  Prince  Edward  Island.  His  mo- 
ther, Louisa  Anna  Matthews,  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  John  Matthews,  a  retired  London 
merchant,  and  a  freeman  of  that  city,  related 
through  his  marriage  with  the  widow  of 
Henry  Monk,  a  scion  of  the  family  of  Monk, 
of  Albemarle,  to  the  Kershaws,  Millers,. 
Chadwicks,  and  other  well  known  commer- 
cial families  of  Liverpool  and  Manchester. 
James  Eeddin's  father,  Dennis  Keddin,  was 
the  son  of  a  manufacturer  in  Carrick-on-Suir, 
Tipperary  county,  Ireland,  by  his  marriage 
with  Miss  O'Meara,  a  daughter  of  an  old 
established  family  in  the  south  of  Ireland. 
Dennis  Eeddin  emigrated  to  Prince  Edward 
Island  during  the  latter  portion  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century,  and  having  been  possessed 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


55 


of  a  better  education  than  most  Irish  settlers 
of  his  day,  he  taught  school  for  some  time  on 
the  island.  He  afterwards  became  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits,  notably  in  the  build- 
ing of  ships,  in  which  he  was  very  success- 
ful until  the  year  1847,  when  a  great  fall 
took  place  in  this  class  of  property,  and  he, 
like  many  other  shipbuilders,  became  in- 
volved in  the  common  ruin  that  ensued. 
The  Reddin  family  have  been  for  nearly  a 
century  the  leading  Irish  Catholic  family 
of  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  one  of  the 
sons  of  the  late  Dennis  Reddin  has  success- 
ively held  the  position  of  solicitor- general 
and  attorney -general  of  the  province,  and 
is  at  present  a  county  court  judge, — he 
being  the  first  Roman  Catholic  in  Prince 
Edward  Island  appointed  to  a  judicial  office. 
James  Henry  Reddin,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  educated  at  a  private  school, 
and  then  at  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  St. 
Dunstan's  Colleges.  After  leaving  school 
he  occupied  for  some  time  the  position  of 
clerk  in  his  father's  office,  and  when  that 
gentleman  gave  up  business,  he  commenced 
the  study  of  law  with  his  uncle,  Richard 
Reddin,  and  continued  it  in  the  office  of  the 
Hon.  Neil  McLeod.  In  July,  1885,  he  was 
admitted  an  attorney  of  the  supreme  court, 
and  a  barrister  the  following  year.  Mr. 
Reddin  has  been  connected  with  several  lit- 
erary societies,  has  written  on  various  occa- 
sions for  the  press,  and  delivered  before  the 
public  lectures  on  literary  and  other  sub- 
jects. Mr.  Reddin' s  father  is  a  Roman 
Catholic,  and  he  has  followed  in  his  foot- 
steps ;  his  mother,  however,  was  a  member 
of  the  Episcopal  church.  In  politics  he 
is  a  Liberal-Conservative.  In  conclusion, 
we  may  add  that  Mr.  Reddin' s  father  for 
many  years  filled  the  position  of  president 
of  the  Benevolent  Irish  Society,  established 
by  Lieut. -Governor  Ready  in  1825,  and 
on  his  retirement  from  office  was  elected 
patron  of  the  society  in  the  room  of  the 
deceased  Hon.  Daniel  Brenan. 

Galbraith,  Rev.  William,  B.  C.  L., 
LL.B.,  Pastor  of  the  Methodist  church, 
Orillia,  was  born  in  the  township  of  North 
Monaghan,  three  miles  from  Peterboro',  on 
13th  of  July,  1842.  His  parents,  William 
Galbraith  and  Mary  MacGlennon,  were  both 
natives  of  Ireland.  His  mother  is  a  woman 
of  strong  mind  and  great  force  of  character, 
and  her  son  has  inherited  from  her  those 
qualities  which  have  made  him  a  power  in 
the  church.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 


converted  at  the  age  of  eleven  years,  and 
united  himself  with  the  Wesleyan  Methodist 
church,  and  has  continued  connected  with 
that  body  of  Christians  ever  since.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  for  the  ministry  at  Vic- 
toria College,  Cobourg,  and  when  only  seven- 
teen years  of  age  was  licensed  as  a  local 
preacher.  In  June,  1861,  before  he  was 
nineteen  years  old,  he  entered  the  ministry, 
and  was  ordained  in  June,  1865.  While 
doing  the  work  of  a  heavy  city  appointment, 
he  took  up  the  law  course  in  McGill  College, 
Montreal,  and  in  1875  received  the  degree 
of  B.C.L.  In  1881  he  received  the  degree 
of  LL.B.  from  Victoria  CoUege.  Rev.  Mr. 
Galbraith  has  been  delegate  at  four  general 
conferences ;  chairman  of  a  district  for  seven 
years ;  was  the  last  president  of  the  Mont- 
real Conference  of  the  Methodist  church  of 
Canada,  and  the  first  president  of  the  Mont- 
real Conference  of  the  Methodist  church 
after  the  union  in  1884.  Apart  from  his 
pulpit  duties,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Galbraith  has 
taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  educational 
work  of  the  church,  and  has  contributed 
liberally  to  the  support  of  Victoria  College, 
Stanstead  Wesleyan  College,  and  the  Wes- 
leyan Theological  College,  Montreal.  He 
has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was 
Hettie  Howell,  the  only  child  of  Isaac  Reid 
and  Nancy  Howell,  of  Jerseyville,  Ontario. 
She  died  when  only  thirty  years  of  age, 
leaving  three  children.  His  second  wife  is 
Kate  Breden,  daughter  of  John  Breden, 
Kingston,  Ontario. 

Craig;,  James,  B.  A.,  Barrister,  Ren- 
frew, Ontario,  was  born  at  Inveraray,  Scot- 
land, on  the  31st  of  July,  1851.  He  is  son 
of  George  Craig,  of  Arnprior,  Ontario.  This 
gentleman  was  born  atEllon,  Aberdeenshire, 
Scotland,  and  his  wife,  Annie  Clark,  was  born 
at  Daviot  in  the  same  county,  and  Mrs.  Craig, 
sen.,  is  sister  of  the  Rev.  Professor  William 
Clark,  of  Trinity  College,  Toronto.  Mr. 
Craig,  sen.,  came  to  Canada  in  1854,  and  after 
residing  in  Ottawa  city  for  about  three  years, 
settled  in  Arnprior  in  1857,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  For  many  years  he  has  been  a 
prominent  justice  of  the  peace  there.  James 
Craig  studied  in  McGill  College,  Montreal, 
and  graduated  in  arts  in  1874.  In  the 
same  year  he  was  articled  to  W.  A.  Ross, 
then  barrister  in  Ottawa,  and  now  county 
court  judge  for  the  county  of  Carleton,  and 
was  called  to  the  bar  and  sworn  in  as  solicitor 
in  May  1878.  In  this  year  he  began  to 
practise  his  profession  in  Pembroke,  but 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


shortly  afterwards  moved  to  Renfrew,  where 
he  has  since  resided  and  practised  with 
considerable  success.  Mr.  Craig  has  always 
taken  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs, 
•and  was  for  over  four  years  president  of  the 
Mechanics'  Institute,  and  occupied  a  similar 
position  in  the  Curling  Club.  He  is  now 
master  of  Renfrew  Masonic  lodge.  Mr. 
Craig  is  a  Presbyterian,  and  in  politics  a 
Reformer,  and  is  likely  some  day  to  sit  in 
one  of  our  legislative  assemblies.  He  was 
married  in  New  York  city  on  the  22nd  of 
May,  1879,  to  Lizzie  Olivier,  daughter  of 
the  late  Judge  E.  S.  Macpherson,  and 
Elizabeth  Balmer  Penton,  who  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  William  Penton,  of  Pentonville,  Eng- 
land. Mr.  Penton,  the  grandfather  of  Mrs. 
Craig,  was  a  man  owning  considerable  pro- 
perty in  England,  and  occupied  a  good 
social  position,  but  having  taken  a  strange 
dislike  to  the  monarchical  form  of  govern- 
ment  that  the  people  of  Great  Britain 
are  so  proud  of,  he  embarked  in  1835 
with  all  his  family,  servants,  and  effects 
to  the  United  States  of  America.  After 
residing  there  for  some  time  he  was  induced 
by  Lord  Gosford,  then  governor- general  of 
Canada,  and  an  old  friend  of  his,  to  come 
and  settle  in  Her  Majesty's  possessions. 
To  this  he  consented,  and  took  up  his 
abode  in  Port  Hope,  on  Lake  Ontario;  but 
feeling  disatisfied,  he  again  returned  to  his 
favourite  republic,  and  fixed  his  home  at 
Utica,  New  York  State,  where  he  died. 
His  descendants  are  very  numerous,  and 
during  the  late  war  many  of  them  were 
found  fighting  on  opposite  sides.  His  grand- 
son, a  Federal  officer,  on  one  occasion  chased 
his  uncle,  a  Confederate  colonel,  with  a  view 
of  taking  him  prisoner. 

Smith,  John  H.,  Manager  of  the  Mer- 
cantile Agency  of  R.  G.  Dun  &  Co.,  Buffalo, 
though  a  resident  of  that  city,  may  be  fairly 
claimed  as  a  Canadian,  and  one  who  has  done 
honour  to  his  country.  Born  in  Portsmouth, 
England,  June,  1840,  when  but  five  years  of 
age  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Canada, 
and  the  family  settled  in  Kingston  on  their 
arrival.  Scarcely  had  ten  summers  passed 
over  his  head,  when  both  parents  died, 
leaving  behind  them  very  little  means.  Un- 
til he  was  seventeen  years  of  age  he  resided 
in  the  Limestone  City,  in  the  meantime  at- 
tendirg  the  public  school,  which  he  left 
when  he  had  attained  his  thirteenth  year, 
and  then  made  a  living  by  acting  in  the 
capacity  of  clerk  in  various  stores  and  in  a 


law  office.  In  1857  he  came  to  Toronto, 
and  having  resolved  to  learn  a  trade  of 
some  kind,  he  decided  on  becoming  a  prin- 
ter, and  apprenticed  himself  to  the  Globe 
office.  In  this  establishment  he  acted  in 
the  capacity  of  compositor  and  proofreader 
until  1863,  when  he  gave  up  printing,  and 
accepted  a  position  in  the  mercantile  agency 
of  R.  G.  Dun  &  Co.  (now  Dun,  Wiman  & 
Co.).  At  this  time  Erastus  Wiman  was  the 
manager  of  the  Toronto  branch  of  the  firm, 
and  Mr.  Smith  first  met  Mr.  Wiman  in  the 
Globe  office,  where,  like  himself,  he  had  been 
an  employee,  and  since  then  the  warmest 
friendship  has  continued  to  exist  between 
them.  Mr.  Smith,  through  strict  attention 
to  his  duties,  soon  won  the  respect  of  his 
employers,  and  in  1866  he  was  sent  to  the 
city  of  Buffalo  to  open  a  branch  office  there. 
Since  then  he  has  managed  the  business  so 
well  that  it  has  grown  to  large  proportions, 
and  not  only  does  he  continue  to  take 
charge  of  the  Buffalo  office,  but  he  has 
nine  other  branches  under  his  superinten- 
dence. Mr.  Smith,  having  a  large  capacity 
for  work,  and  realizing  the  great  truth  that 
the  world  had  claims  upon  him  outside  the 
narrow  walls  of  his  office,  took  an  active 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  his  adopted  city, 
and  we  now  find  him  greatly  interested  in 
several  public  projects.  Among  others  in 
two  land  companies  that  have  for  their 
object  the  development  and  settlement  of 
several  hundred  acres  of  land  in  the  northern 
part  of  Buffalo,  just  adjoining  the  beautiful 
park  the  citizens  of  Buffalo  are  so  justly 
proud  of.  This  piece  of  land  is  now  being 
laid  out  in  villa  park  lots,  under  the  super- 
vision of  Frederick  Law  Olmsted,  the 
celebrated  Boston  landscape  architect  and 
surveyor,  and  it  is  expected  that  in  a  very 
few  years  this  section  of  the  city  will  be 
taken  up  and  built  upon  by  the  more 
wealthy  of  the  inhabitants.  Mr.  Smith  is 
also  interested  with  Mr.  Wiman  in  his 
Staten  Island  enterprises,  and  his  movement 
for  bringing  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail- 
way into  the  city  of  New  York.  Through 
his  business  ability  and  tact,  Mr.  Smith  has 
acquired  a  large  amount  of  wealth,  and  is 
now  reckoned  as  one  of  the  rich  men  of 
Buffalo ;  yet  he  does  not  forget  the  land  in 
which  his  early  days  were  spent,  and  where 
ae  struggled  so  hard  to  get  on.  We,  there- 
!ore,  find  him  spending  a  month  with  his 
'amily  each  summer  among  the  islands  and 
akes  of  the  Muskoka  district,  or  at  Ganan  - 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


57 


oque  and  the  Thousand  Islands  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  where  he  enjoys  the  sports  that 
those  regions  so  abundantly  supply.  Mr. 
Smith  is  still  a  favourite  among  his  Cana- 
dian friends,  and  whenever  he  finds  time  to 
pay  a  visit  to  Toronto  or  other  city  where 
he  is  well  known  he  is  always  heartily  wel- 
comed by  them.  He  is  a  member  of  several 
clubs  in  Buffalo,  among  others  the  "  Idle- 
wood  "  and  the  "  Oakfield,"  and  is  also  an 
honorary  member  of  several  of  our  Cana- 
dian clubs.  Mr.  Smith  has  been  an  indus- 
trious and  hence  a  successful  man,  and  his 
example  cannot  fail  to  prove  an  incentive  to 
many  a  young  Canadian  now  setting  out  to 
battle  with  the  world.  He  married,  in  1863, 
Jane  Keeves,  of  Toronto,  and  has  now  a 
family  of  eight  children. 

Cairn§,  Thomas,  Postmaster,  Perth, 
county  of  Lanark,  Ontario,  is  an  Irishman 
by  birth,  having  been  born  on  the  4th  of 
May,  1828,  in  the  county  of  Fermanagh. 
He  was  educated  in  a  private  school  in  his 
native  place,  and  in  1851  he  came  to  Cana- 
da, and  settled  in  Perth.  Shortly  after  his 
arrival  he  took  a  position  in  the  British 
Standard  newspaper  office,  in  which  place 
he  remained  for  some  time.  In  1861  he 
established  the  Perth  Expositor.  This  paper 
he  managed  for  about  five  years,  when  as  a 
reward  for  his  industry  as  a  public  man,  he 
was  appointed  postmaster  of  Perth  in  Janu- 
ary, 1866.  Mr.  Cairns  is  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Education  of  Perth,  and  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Methodist  church.  It  is  almost 
needless  to  add  that  Mr.  Cairns  is  highly 
respected  by  the  people  among  whom  he  has 
lived  for  over  thirty-five  years,  and  is  a 
faithful  public  servant. 

€airn§,  George  Frederick,  Barris- 
ter and  Solicitor,  Smith's  Falls,  county  of 
Lanark,  Ontario,  was  born  in  Perth,  county 
of  Lanark,  on  the  27th  October,  1857,  and 
is  a  son  of  Thomas  Cairns,  postmaster  of 
Perth,  his  mother  being  Jane  Meuary.  He 
received  his  education  in  the  High  School 
of  Perth,  his  native  place.  After  leaving 
school  he  decided  to  make  law  his  profes- 
sion, and  with  this  object  in  view  he  entered, 
in  1879,  the  office  of  F.  A.  Hall,  barrister, 
Perth,  where  he  spent  a  few  years.  Then 
in  1882  he  went  to  Toronto,  and  entering 
the  office  of  Watson,  Thome  &  Smellie,  bar- 
risters, of  that  city,  he  finished  his  legal 
education  with  them,  and  was  called  to  the 
bar  in  February,  1884.  The  same  year  he 
went  to  Smith's  Falls,  where  he  now  suc- 


cessfully practises  his  profession.  Mr.  Cairns 
is  a  rising  man,  and  we  have  no  doubt  he  will 
soon  reflect  great  credit  on  his  country.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church. 

Wright,  Aaron  A.,  of  the  firm  of 
Barr  &  Wright,  General  Merchants,  Benfrew, 
Ontario.  This  gentleman,  who  is  one  of  the 
bulwarks  of  the  Keform  party  in  Central 
Ontario,  was  born  near  Farmersville,  county 
of  Leeds,  June  6th,  1840.  He  comes  of  U. 
E.  loyalist  stock,  his  grandfather  and  grand- 
mother on  both  sides  being  U.  E.  loyalists. 
His  father,  Israel  Wright,  was  a  native  of 
Leeds  county,  and  his  mother  as  well,  her 
maiden  name  being  Stevens,  a  daughter  of 
Abel  Stevens.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  a  public  school  of  his  native  country,  and 
also  in  a  select  school  under  John  B.  Holmes. 
In  1864  Mr.  Wright  entered  the  Normal 
School,  Toronto,  and  obtained  a  first-class 
certificate  there.  After  this  he  became  head 
master  of  the  Gananoque  Public  School. 
In  1866  he  entered  the  Military  College  at 
Montreal,  and  obtained  a  first-class  military 
certificate  of  the  highest  grade.  Soon  after- 
wards he  succeeded  in  obtaining  a  first-class 
Model  School  certificate  for  French  and 
English  for  Lower  Canada.  Late  in  the 
same  year  he  was  appointed  principal  of  the 
Model  School  at  Lachine,  and  the  Fenian 
troubles  of  that  time  impelled  him  to  organ- 
ize the  Lachine  company  of  light  infantry, 
of  which  he  was  gazetted  captain.  These 
positions  he  held  until  his  removal  to  Ben- 
frew, in  1870,  where  he  entered  mercantile 
pursuits,  which  still  engage  his  attention. 
Mr.  Wright,  ever  since  his  settlement  in 
Benfrew,  has  always  taken  an  active  inter- 
est in  all  matters  relating  to  the  welfare  of 
the  village  and  county.  When  he  first  came 
the  place  was  entirely  without  railway  com- 
munication, and  he  soon  became  prominent 
in  an  agitation  to  extend  the  line  of  the 
Canada  Central  to  that  point ;  the  terminus 
at  that  time  being  at  Sand  Point,  some  six- 
teen miles  distant.  Mr.  Wright  addressed 
meetings,  organized  deputations,  &c.,  until 
the  point  was  carried  and  Benfrew  was  made 
the  terminus  of  the  road.  Since  that  tune, 
however,  the  Canada  Central  has  become 
merged  in  the  vast  system  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific.  This  was  not  by  any  means  all  of 
Mr.  Wright's  railroad  experience,  for  when 
the  Kingston  and  Pembroke  line  was  mooted, 
he  took  a  lively  interest  in  the  scheme,  which 
is  now  completed  from  Kingston  to  Benfrew. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Wright  is  an  ardent  sup- 


58 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


porter  of  the  Mowat  government  and  of  Mr. 
Blake.  When  the  Reform  Association  for 
the  south  riding  of  Renfrew  was  organized, 
in  1875  or  1876,  Mr.  Wright  was  elected 
first  vice-president,  which  position  he  holds 
to  this  day.  He  has  often  been  urged  to 
allow  his  name  to  be  used  for  parliamentary 
honours,  but,  unfortunately,  has  persistently 
refused,  business  men  of  his  calibre  being 
sadly  lacking  in  our  legislative  halls.  Mr. 
Wright  is  the  president  of  the  County  of 
Renfrew  Horticultural  Society,  and  has  held 
that  office  since  its  inception  four  years  ago  ; 
he  is  also  director  for  division  No.  2  of  the 
Fruit  Growers'  Association  of  the  province 
of  Ontario.  For  the  past  twelve  years  he 
has  been  chairman  of  the  High  School 
Board  of  Renfrew,  his  earlier  experiences 
eminently  fitting  him  for  the  position.  His 
partner  in  business  is  David  Barr,  and  it 
needs  scarcely  be  said  it  is  the  most  impor- 
tant and  wealthy  firm  in  this  locality.  They 
have  recently  built  what  is  probably  the 
finest  brick  block  for  business  purposes  in 
Central  Ontario,  which  they  occupy  exclus- 
ively for  the  carrying  on  of  their  extensive 
trade.  To  facilitate  their  extensive  and 
largely  increasing  grain  trade,  they  have 
also  erected  the  finest  and  best  equipped 
grain  elevator  in  the  Ottawa  valley.  And  in 
addition  to  all  this,  they  were  not  only  the 
first  to  introduce  gas  into  the  town,  but 
were  also  the  first  to  put  it  out,  and  intro- 
duce the  system  of  lighting  by  electricity, 
being  the  proprietors  of  the  electric  light 
plant,  with  which  they  light  their  own  build- 
ing, besides  furnishing  it  to  other  private 
firms,  as  well  as  to  the  corporation  for  light- 
ing the  streets  of  the  town.  Mr.  Wright's 
busy  life  has  precluded  the  possibility  of  ex- 
tensive travel,  save  that  connected  with  busi- 
ness. In  this  regard,  however,  he  has  on 
many  occasions  visited  the  markets  of  Eu- 
rope and  this  continent.  In  religion  Mr. 
Wright  is  a  Baptist,  and  as  might  be  expect- 
ed, believes  in  water  as  opposed  to  whisky 
in  the  warfare  now  being  waged  against  the 
latter,  in  fact,  was  an  ardent  supporter  of 
the  Canada  Temperance  Act,  and  favours  the 
still  more  radical  measure,  viz.,  total  prohibi- 
tion. In  1871  he  married  Jane,  a  daughter 
of  Theophilus  Harvey,  of  Lachine,  by  whom 
he  has  issue  five  boys  and  one  girl. 

Stratford,  John  If .,  Brantford,  On- 
tario, is  a  native  of  New  York  state,  having 
been  born  in  Oswego,  on  the  30th  May, 
1840,  came  over  with  his  parents  and  settled 


in  Brantford  in  1844,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. Mr.  Stratford's  father,  who  died  in 
1884,  was  born  at  Sheerness,Kent,  England, 
and  was  a  gentleman  of  the  old  school.  He 
was  educated  at  Eton  and  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  and  was  highly  respected  by  the 
citizens  of  Brantford,  for  his  charity  and  the 
strict  sense  of  honour  he  had  practised 
from  the  day  he  first  took  up  his  residence 
among  them  to  the  day  of  his  death.  When 
he  retired  from  business  in  1875,  he  divided 
his  large  fortune  among  his  three  sons, 
retaining  a  life  annuity.  His  mother,  who 
died  in  1875,  was  also  greatly  respected  and 
beloved  for  her  charitable  deeds.  She  be- 
longed to  an  Irish  family,  and  was  niece  of 
the  late  Colonel  George  Hamilton,  for  many 
years  manager  of  the  Canada  Company  at 
Toronto.  John  H.  Stratford's  grandfather, 
Dr.  John  Stratford,  and  his  uncle,  Dr. 
Samuel  John  Stratford,  both  members  of 
the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  London, 
England,  were  known  as  eminent  physicians 
in  Canada.  The  latter,  who  was  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  72nd  Highlanders,  sold  his 
commission,  and  with  a  number  of  other 
British  officers,  settled  at  Woodstock,  On- 
tario, where  they  received  grants  of  land 
from  Sir  John  Colborne,  the  then  military 
governor  of  Upper  Canada.  In  this  town 
he  successfully  practised  his  profession  for 
many  years,  and  subsequently  left  this 
country,  having  received  the  appointment 
of  emigration  agent  for  the  British  govern- 
ment in  New  Zealand,  where  he  died. 
Another  member  of  the  family,  Elizabeth 
Stratford,  his  sister,  married  in  1839  Mr. 
Davidson,  a  celebrated  lawyer  in  New  York, 
who  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  United  States,  but  died 
just  before  being  sworn  into  office.  Joseph 
and  Charles,  brothers  of  John  H.  Stratford, 
still  reside  in  Brantford,  Joseph  being  a 
wealthy  merchant,  and  owner  of  "Strat- 
ford's Opera  House,"  one  of  the  handsomest 
in  the  province.  John,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  received  his  education  in  Brantford ; 
and  after  leaving  school,  for  a  number  of 
years  up  to  1871  he  managed  first  the  re- 
tail and  afterwards  the  wholesale  drug  busi- 
ness of  his  father.  In  1865,  he  formed  with 
the  late  C.  Gilbert  a  partnership,  the  object 
of  which  was  the  carrying  on  of  a  wholesale 
oil  business  ;  and  this  firm  was  the  first  to 
introduce  on  our  Canadian  railways  the  use 
of  natural  petroleum  as  a  lubricant  for  car 
wheels.  In  1868,  Henry  Yates  was  admit- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


59 


ted  into  the  partnership,  and  it  then  opera- 
ted under  the  style  of  John  H.  Stratford  & 
Co.  The  following  year  Mr.  Gilbert  with- 
drew, and  since  then  the  firm  has  been 
known  as  Yates  &  Stratford,  wholesale  oil 
and  lumber  merchants.  In  1870,  Mr. 
Stratford  formed,  with  Donald  Nicholson, 
and  Robert  Chisholm,  of 


Hamilton,  a  special  partnership  for  the  con- 
struction of  that  section  of  the  Great  West- 
ern Railway,  from  Glencoe  to  Simcoe,  a 
distance  of  seventy-five  miles.  This  piece 
of  work,  a  very  difficult  one,  owing  to  the 
Canada  Southern  Railway  being  in  course 
of  construction  at  the  same  time,  almost 
parallel,  was  completed  in  1872,  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  Great  Western  Railway  au- 
thorities. In  1884,  Mr.  Stratford  purchased 
seven  acres  of  land,  beautifully  situated, 
overlooking  and  within  the  limits  of  the  city 
of  Brantf  ord,  on  which  he  erected,  under  his 
own  superintendence,  an  hospital  capable 
of  accommodating  fifty  patients  and  a  regu- 
lar staff  of  nurses,  etc.,  at  a  cost  of  over 
$20,000.  And  on  the  10th  February,  1885,  it 
was  formally  opened  by  His  Honour,  John 
Beverley  Robinson,  lieutenant-governor  of 
Ontario,  and  Mrs.  Robinson,  in  the  presence 
of  a  large  assembly  of  citizens,  when  Mr. 
Stratford  handed  it  over  as  a  free  gift  to 
the  city  of  Brantford.  Mrs.  John  H.  Strat- 
ford and  Mrs.  Arthur  S.  Hardy  also  took  a 
deep  interest  in  the  hospital,  and  through 
their  united  exertions,  coUected  from  friends 
$4,000,  wherewith  to  equip  it  with  suitable 
furniture,  instruments,  etc.  It  is  called  "The 
John  H.  Stratford  Hospital,"  and  is  without 
doubt, — being  perfect  as  to  heating,  light, 
ventilation,  laundry,  stables,  and  other 
modern  improvements — one  of  the  finest  in- 
stitution of  its  kind  in  the  Dominion.  When 
of  age  Mr.  Stratford  joined  the  Masonic 
body,  and  has  continued  to  keep  up  his 
connection  with  it  ever  since.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  St.  James  Club,  Montreal.  He 
married  in  1868,  Sara  Juson  Harris,  fifth 
daughter  of  the  late  T.  D.  Harris,  at  one 
time  a  prominent  wholesale  hardware  mer- 
chant in  Toronto.  Mr.  Stratford  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Episcopal  church  ;  a  thorough 
business  man  of  strict  integrity,  and  has 
been  eminently  successful  in  all  his  under- 
takings. 

Benson,  Rev.  Manly,  Pastor  of  the 
Central  Methodist  Church,  Bloor  street, 
Toronto,  was  born  in  Prince  Edward  county, 
Ontario,  in  1842.  His  parents,  Matthew 


R.  and  Nancy  Ruttan,  were  of  U.  E.  loyalist 
stock,  and  were  among  the  early  founders 
of  Canadian  nationality  on  the  beautiful 
shores  of  the  Bay  of  Quinte.  To  this,  doubt- 
less, may  be  attributed  the  sturdy  mental 
and  moral,  as  well  as  physical  fibre,  which 
characterizes  the  so  worthy  a  son  of  so 
worthy  parents — the  subject  of  our  sketch. 
His  parents  removed  to  the  town  of  New- 
burgh,  and  here  Manly  received  a  good  edu- 
cation at  the  academy,  and  prepared  him- 
self for  the  work  of  a  teacher.  At  the  age  of 
ten  years  he  was  converted  to  God  at  a 
special  service  held  by  the  late  Rev.  Joseph 
Reynolds,  the  superintendent  of  the  Demor- 
estville  circuit,  and  he  grew  up  under  the 
fostering  influence  of  the  Sunday-school 
and  the  class-meeting,  both  of  which  had  a 
marked  influence  on  his  young  life,  and 
spared  him  from  the  many  bad  influences 
that  are  apt  to  surround  young  men.  For 
a  few  years  Mr.  Benson  applied  himself 
as  a  teacher,  at  the  same  time  continuing 
his  studies  with  the  principal  of  the  New- 
burgh  Academy.  The  piety  and  cultivated 
talent  of  the  young  teacher  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  members  of  the  Methodist 
church  of  the  town  in  which  he  lived  ;  and 
having  undergone  the  preliminary  training 
in  Christian  work  as  a  local  preacher,  he 
was  recommended  by  the  official  board  of 
the  Newburgh  circuit  for  the  ministry.  He 
was  received  on  trial  in  1863,  and  made  his 
first  acquaintance  with  the  activities  of  the 
work  in  the  western  extremity  of  the  pro- 
vince. For  four  years  he  travelled  succes- 
sively as  junior  preacher  on  the  Romney, 
Chatham,  Windsor,  and  Sarnia  circuits  ; 
and  having  given  full  proof  of  his  ministry, 
passing  with  credit  aU  the  prescribed  ex- 
aminations, he  was  received  into  full  con- 
nexion, and  ordained  at  the  Hamilton  con- 
ference in  1867.  He  then  travelled,  as 
superintendent,  the  Ridgetown,  Newbury, 
and  Cooksville  circuits.  After  one  year  on 
the  latter  circuit,  he  was  invited  to  the  Cen- 
tenary Church,  Hamilton,  as  colleague  of 
the  Rev.  W.  J.  Hunter,  D.D.  At  the  end 
of  his  first  year  in  this  charge,  which  date 
also  completed  the  full  pastoral  term  of  the 
superintendent  of  the  circuit,  he  was  invited 
by  the  official  board  to  take  Dr.  Hunter's 
place  as  superintendent  of  the  church  and 
circuit;  but  instead  of  accepting,  suggested 
the  name  of  the  Rev.  Hugh  Johnston,  M.A., 
who  was  appointed  superintendent,  and 
with  whom  he  was  associated  for  the  bal- 


60 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ance  of  his  pastoral  term'of  two  years.  The 
closing  year  of  his  three  years'  term  in  this 
city  was  signalized  by  the  building  of  the 
elegant  and  commodious  Zion  Tabernacle. 
From  Hamilton  he  went  to  Stratford  and 
St.  Thomas,  and  spent  three  years  in  each 
of  these  places.  When  closing  his  pastoral 
term  at  St.  Thomas,  in  1881,  he  was  invited 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Central  Methodist 
Church  ( Bloor  Street ) ,  Toronto.  No  trans- 
fers were  made  that  year,  and,  on  this  fact 
becoming  known,  he  was  immediately  and 
unanimously  invited  to  the  Brant  Avenue 
Church,  Brantford.  On  the  closing  of  his 
three  years'  pastoral  term  in  that  city  he 
was  again  invited  by  the  same  church  in 
Toronto,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  in  the 
Central  Methodist  Church,  Toronto,  in  June, 
1855.  Since  he  took  charge  of  the  Central 
Church  it  has  greatly  prospered  under  his 
care,  both  spiritually  and  financially.  Its 
membership  has  increased  from  two  hun- 
dred and  seventy  to  four  hundred  and  fif- 
teen, and  the  congregation  has  also  doubled 
in  attendance.  By  special  collections  taken 
on  the  first  Sabbath  of  each  of  the  three 
years  of  his  pastorate,  $6,000  was  contri- 
buted, being  $2,000  at  each  collection,  and, 
with  other  moneys  in  hand,  $7,000  has  been 
paid  off  the  church  debt,  and  the  regular 
Sunday  collections  and  pew  rents  also  show 
a  very  large  increase.  In  recognition  of  Rev. 
Mr.  Benson's  services  as  pastor,  the  official 
board  raised  his  salary  from  $1,500  to 
$2,000,  and  in  addition  to  this  have  fur- 
nished and  provided  him  with  a  comfortable 
parsonage  free.  It  is  almost  needless  to 
say  that  Rev.  Mr.  Benson  is  not  only  a 
favourite  with  the  people  of  his  own  church, 
but  with  others  of  the  same  denomination 
in  the  city,  in  proof  of  which  he  has  been 
unanimously  invited,  at  the  close  of  his 
term  in  the  Central  Church,  to  take  charge 
of  the  large  congregation  worshipping  in 
Berkeley  Street  Methodist  Church.  Rev. 
Mr.  Benson  has  largely  enjoyed  the  advan- 
tages of  travel,  both  throughout  the  Do- 
minion of  Canada  and  in  foreign  countries. 
In  1871,  in  company  with  the  late  illustrious 
Rev.  Dr.  Punshon,  he  crossed  the  continent, 
and  beheld  the  wonders  of  the  Rocky  moun- 
tains, and  the  Sierra  Nevadas,  the  Geyser 
springs,  the  Yosemite  Valley,  and  Salt  Lake 
City.  He  also  enjoyed  the  pleasure,  or 
perhaps,  endured  the  pain,  of  a  sea  voyage, 
and  visited  Victoria,  New  Westminster,  Fort 
Yale,  and  places  on  the  Pacific  coast.  In 


1879  he  crossed  the  Atlantic  and  made  < 
still  more  extended  tour  through  France 
Italy,  Switzerland,  South-eastern  Germany 
Belgium,  Great  Britain,  and  Ireland  ;  an< 
during  his  stay  in  London  was  the  guest  o 
Rev.  Dr.  Punshon,  who  kindly  helped  hin 
to  see  London  in  all  its  phases.  After  hi 
return  to  Canada,  Rev.  Mr.  Benson  com 
municated  the  many  spirit-stirring  scene 
he  had  witnessed  in  distant  lands  to  appre 
ciative  audiences  throughout  Ontario,  b; 
eloquent  lectures  on  "  The  Wonders  of  th 
Yosemite,"  "  Across  the  Continent,"  "  Bri 
tish  Columbia,"  and  more  recently,  01 
"  Memories  of  Rome,"  "  Switzerland,"  "  Ii 
Rhineland,"  and  on  London,  Paris,  an< 
some  of  the  Italian  cities  he  had  visited.  H 
is  an  earnest  worker  in  the  Sunday-school 
and  is  always  ready  to  labor  for  the  Mas 
ter.  As  a  teetotaller  he  is  most  pronounced 
and  is  strongly  impressed  with  the  idea  tha 
nothing  short  of  the  total  prohibition  of  th 
liquor  traffic  will  save  this  Canada  of  our 
from  becoming  like  many  of  the  places  h 
has  visited  in  Europe — slaves  to  the  intoxj 
eating  cup.  Rev.  Mr.  Benson  is  one  of  th 
directors  of  the  Grimsby  Park  Company 
and  has  been  director  of  services  for  the  pas 
four  years.  Under  his  able  managemen 
this  park  has  been  an  extraordinary  sue 
cess,  and  year  after  year  it  is  becoming  on 
of  the  most  favourite  resorts  for  those  wh 
seek  quiet,  with  a  moderate  amount  of  phy 
sical  and  intellectual  excitement,  during  th 
summer  months.  On  the  9th  of  July,  1861 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Julia,  thir< 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Walter  McCrea,  judg 
of  Algoma  county,  Ontario,  and  has  had 
family  consisting  of  nine  children,  seven  o 
whom  are  now  living,  five  daughters  am 
two  sons. 

Tilley,  Sir  Samuel  Leonard,  K.  C 
M.  G.,  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  Provinc 
of  New  Brunswick,  Fredericton,  one  of  th 
most  prominent  of  our  Canadian  states 
men,  is  the  son  of  Thomas  M.  Tilley,  c 
Queen's  county,  New  Brunswick,  and  grea 
grandson  of  Samuel  Tilley, -of  Brooklyr 
New  York,  a  U.  E.  loyalist,  who,  at  th 
termination  of  the  American  revolutionar 
war,  came  to  New  Brunswick,  and  became 
grantee  of  the  now  city  of  St.  John  in  th£ 
province.  Sir  Leonard  was  born  at  George 
town,  Queen's  county,  on  the  8th  May,  181  £ 
and  received  his  education  at  the  Gramma 
school  of  his  native  village,  and  when  h 
had  attained  his  thirteenth  year,  went  t 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


61 


St.  John,  and  became  apprenticed  to  an 
apothecary.  Before  beginning  business  for 
himself,  Mr.  Tilley  was  for  a  time  in  the 
employ  of  William  O.  Smith,  druggist,  a 
gentleman  of  superior  intellectual  parts,  and 
who  took  an  active  interest  in  all  the  politi- 
cal movements  of  the  day.  It  was  probably 
from  him  that  the  future  lieutenant-governor 
of  the  province  derived  his  first  lessons  in 
political  economy,  and  which  served  him  so 
well  when  he  was  minister  of  finance  for  the 
Dominion  of  Canada,  and  we  say,  without 
being  far  astray,  that  Mr.  Smith  plainly  saw 
that  his  lessons  were  not  likely  to  be  wasted 
on  this  clear-headed  and  enthusiastic  young 
man.  Young  Tilley  too,  being  sprung  from 
loyalist  stock,  it  is  only  fair  to  assume  that 
whenever,  if  ever  he  should  bring  himself 
before  the  public,  he  would  find  a  preposses- 
sion in  his  favour.  He  became  a  prominent 
member  of  a  debating  society  when  seven- 
teen, and  took  a  leading  part  in  political 
discussions,  and  shortly  afterwards  became 
an  able  advocate  of  the  cause  of  temperance. 
It  may  be  said  here  that  from  that  far-past 
day  to  this  Mr.  Tilley  has  always  been 
loyal  to  his  temperance  principles,  has  always 
seized  the  opportunity  to  forward  the  move- 
ment, and  upon  all  occasions  has  shown  the 
sincerity  of  his  character  by  the  practice  of 
his  precepts.  In  recognition  of  his  distin- 
guished services  in  the  cause,  the  National 
Division  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  of 
America,  in  1854,  elected  him  to  the  high- 
est office  in  the  order,  namely,  that  of  Most 
Worthy  Patriarch,  and  which  position  he 
held  for  two  years.  In  enlarged  politics  the 
first  heard  of  Mr.  Tilley  was  in  1849,  when 
he  was  the  seconder  on  the  paper  of  B. 
Ansley,  who  was  returned  by  a  good  major- 
ity. He  was  one  of  the  foremost  promoters 
of  the  Railway  League,  organized  to  secure 
the  construction  of  a  railway  from  St.  John 
to  Shediac.  In  1850  he  was  elected  to  the 
New  Brunswick  legislature  for  the  city  of 
St.  John.  Mr.  Tilley  was  at  this  time  a 
Liberal.  The  following  year  the  Tory 
manipulators  began  to  undermine  the  foun- 
dations of  their  opponents,  and  they  seduc- 
ed from  allegiance  the  Hon.  J.  H.  Gray  and 
the  Hon.  E.  D.  Wilmot  [Mr.  Gray  was  after- 
wards appointed  a  judge,  and  Mr.  Wilmot 
a  lieutenant-governor],  and  these  two  lead- 
ing gentlemen  entered  the  government.  On 
the  day  that  their  secession  became  known, 
the  Liberal  party  was  naturally  shocked 
and  pained  at  the  treachery,  but  closed  up 


their  ranks  and  resolved  still  to  fight  the 
enemy.  Messrs.  Tilley,  Simonds,  Ritchie 
and  Needham  thereupon  published  a  card 
to  the  people,  declaring  that  if  Mr.  Wilmot, 
who  had  accepted  office,  was  re-elected,  they 
would  resign  their  seats  in  the  house,  as 
they  could  not,  in  that  case,  represent  their 
views.  The  electors,  however,  returned  Mr. 
Wilmot,  and  all  the  parties  on  the  card,  ex- 
cept W.  H.  Needham,  resigned  their  seats. 
Mr.  Tilley  then  returned  to  private  lif e.  But 
he  was  not  long  to  remain  "  a  mute,  inglori- 
ous Milton."  In  1854  the  Liberals  were  tri- 
umphant, and  Mr.  Tilley  obtained  a  portf olio 
in  the  new  administration.  From  that  time 
up  to  1885,  when  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
House  of  Commons  at  Ottawa,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  couple  of  breaks,  he  had  enjoyed 
a  remarkable  lease  of  power,  having  been  a 
member  of  the  New  Brunswick  and  Dominion 
governments  during  many  long  years,  except 
the  session  of  1851,  and  part  of  the  extra 
session  of  1854.  In  1856  he  was  beaten  on 
the  liquor  question,  but  in  1857  regained 
power,  and  became  leader  of  the  adminis- 
tration in  1860,  which  position  he  retained 
till  March,  1865.  He  attended  the  confer- 
ence held  in  Prince  Edward  Island  to  dis- 
cuss maritime  union,  and  subsequently  ap- 
peared at  the  Quebec  conference,  where  he 
made  a  telling  speech  on  the  importance  of 
the  province  he  represented.  The  proceed- 
ings of  the  Quebec  conference  were  kept 
from  the  public  with  the  most  zealous  carer 
but  one  member  belonging  to  a  sea  province 
told  his  wife  one  day  that  "  it  was  no  use," 
he  was  unable  "  to  keep  it  any  longer."  He 
unburthened  himself  to  a  newspaper  editor, 
when  with  the  speed  of  the  wind  intelligence 
of  the  affair  was  spread  through  the  British 
North  American  provinces.  At  once  in  the 
lower  provinces  a  storm  of  opposition  was 
raised  to  the  scheme,  and  presses  rolled  out 
tons  of  pamphlets,  placards,  circulars  and 
open  letters,  denouncing  the  scheme,  and 
calling  upon  the  people  to  rise  and  thwart 
Tilley  and  other  enemies  of  his  country. 
The  ministry  feU.  The  Irish  were  all  the 
time  rampant  and  unappeasable.  They  all 
remembered  how  Ireland  had  once  been  sold, 
and  their  representative  newspaper  became 
so  bitter  as  to  eventually  overreach  its  aim. 
To  help  along  the  scheme  and  defeat  the  great 
booming  of  the  Irish,  fate  brought  along  the 
Fenian  scare.  The  government  resigned, 
and  Mr.  Tilley  was  sent  for  to  form  an  ad- 
ministration. A  new  election  took  place  in 


62 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


1866,  and  the  antis  got  a  still  worse  drub- 
bing than  had  fallen  to  the  lot  of  the  sup- 
porters of  confederation.  A  short  time  after- 
wards Mr.  Tilley  attended  the  conference 
in  England,  formed  to  procure  a  Chart  of 
Union,  and  he  was,  in  July,  1867,  made  a 
C.B.  (civil),  in  recognition  of  his  distin- 
guished services.  He  resigned  his  seat  in 
the  New  Brunswick  legislature  and  govern- 
ment to  become  minister  of  customs  in  the 
new  Canadian  cabinet.  From  November, 
1868,  to  April,  1869,  he  acted  as  minister  of 
public  works,  and  on  the  22nd  of  February, 
1873,  he  was  made  minister  of  finance.  This 
office  he  held  until  the  downfall  of  the  ad- 
ministration on  the  5th  of  November  of  the 
same  year.  He  then  became  lieutenant- 
governor  of  his  native  province,  which  office 
he  held  till  1878,  when  he  took  the  field 
again,  with  the  triumphant  result  so  well 
known.  In  the  new  Conservative  adminis- 
tration he  became  once  again  finance  minis- 
ter, and  shortly  afterwards  framed  the  legis- 
lation with  which  his  name  will  be  connected 
so  long  as  the  history  of  Canada  is  read, 
namely  the  National  Policy.  On  May  24th, 
1879,  he  was  created  a  Knight  of  the  Order 
of  St.  Michael  and  St.  George  by  the  Gov- 
ernor-General, acting  for  the  Queen.  During 
the  session  of  1885,  at  Ottawa,  Sir  Leonard's 
health  having  given  way,  he  was  compelled 
to  relinquish  his  parliamentary  duties,  and 
seek  comparative  rest  and  recreation  by  a 
visit  to  London,  England,  where  he  gave 
attention  to  some  matters  relating  to  the 
finances  of  the  dominion,  and  also  consider- 
ably improved  his  health.  On  his  return  to 
Ottawa  in  the  fall,  he  however  suffered  a 
relapse,  and  it  became  very  evident  to  his 
friends,  that  he  could  no  longer  successfully 
cope  with  his  departmental  duties,  and  if  he 
would  prolong  his  usefulness,  he  must  aban- 
don parliamentary  life.  He  accordingly  sent 
in  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted  at  a 
meeting  of  the  Cabinet  held  on  the  31st 
October,  at  which  meeting  Sir  Leonard 
was  appointed  lieutenant-governor  of  New 
Brunswick  for  a  second  time,  the  term  of 
lieutenant-  governor  Wilmot  having  expired 
several  months  before.  On  his  return  to  his 
native  province,  he  was  accorded  a  hearty 
reception  by  the  people  among  whom  he  had 
grown  up,  who  gladly  welcomed  him  back 
to  the  position  he  had  so  worthily  filled  from 
1873  to  1878.  He  was  sworn  into  office  in 
the  legislative  council  chamber  at  Frederic- 
ton,  on  the  13th  November,  by  the  chief 


justice  of  the  province,  in  the  presence  of  a 
large  number  of  prominent  persons,  who 
had  assembled  to  witness  the  ceremony. 
It  may  here  be  stated  that  hi  December 
following,  the  Liberal-Conservative  Club  of 
St.  John,  N.B.,  was  presented  by  Mr.  Roger- 
son,  with  a  bust  of  Sir  Leonard,  on  which 
occasion  C.  A.  Everett,  then  M.  P.  for  the 
city,  who  had  known  him  from  boyhood, 
delivered  an  address  in  which  he  sketched 
his  career,  and  spoke  in  the  most  compli- 
mentary terms  of  his  great  public  services. 
It  may  also  be  stated  that  before  Sir  Leon- 
ard entered  upon  his  duties  as  lieutenant- 
governor,  he  sent  the  following  farewell 
letter  to  his  constituents,  addressed  to  the 
Hon.  T.  R.  Jones,  M.L.C.,  chairman  of  the 
Conservative  Election  Committee,  in  St. 
John,  in  the  following  kindly  tones  : — 

ST.  ANDREWS,  Nov.  9,  1885.— MY  DEAR  MR. 
JONES,-  -I  understand  there  is  to  be  a  meeting  of 
our  friends  in  the  city  to-morrow  night,  to  select 
a  candidate  for  the  vacancy  caused  by  my  resig- 
nation. I  avail  myself  of  the  opportunity  thus 
offered  to  address  a  few  words  to  the  electors  who 
may  there  be  present.  When  in  1882  the  electors 
of  the  city  returned  me  to  parliament  for  another 
term,  I  then  intimated  to  them  that  it  was  prob- 
ably the  last  time  that  I  would  be  a  candidate  for 
their  suffrages,  but  I  then  hoped  that  I  would  be 
spared,  and  my  health  permit  of  my  remaining  in 
parliament  and  in  the  government  until  the  next 
general  election.  But  I  had  not  taken  into  account 
the  wear  and  tear  to  body  and  mind,  to  which  I 
would  necessarily  continue  to  be  subjected  in  the 
discharge  of  my  parliamentary  and  departmental 
duties.  My  health  was  completely  broken  down 
last  winter,  but  after  a  serious  operation  there  was 
a  hope  that  I  might  continue  my  work  for  a  short 
time  longer.  I  regret  that  my  symptoms  of  late 
have  been  such  that  I  have  been  forced  to  the 
conclusion  that  my  only  chance  of  a  measure  of 
health,  and  possibly  a  few  more  years  of  life,  is  in 
taking  comparative  rest  and  relief  from  the  mental 
strain  to  which  I  have  of  late  years  been  subjected. 
1  feel  certain  that  my  many  indulgent  friends 
would  cheerfully,  in  view  of  my  long  service, 
accord  me  that  rest.  It  is  difficult  to  find  words 
to  express  the  very  great  regret  that  I  have  felt, 
and  still  feel,  at  being  compelled  to  take  that 
course.  I  took  great  pleasure  in  the  work  of  my 
department,  and  I  flatter  myself  that  I  have  been 
able  to  perform  it  in  a  way  that  was  acceptable 
to  a  majority  of  the  people.  My  relations  with 
my  constituents  were  pleasant,  and  I  may  be  par- 
doned if  I  at  this  time  remark  that  recent  events 
have  given  evidence  that  my  regard  for  them  is 
reciprocated.  To  say  good-bye  to  the  men  who 
have  been  so  true  and  faithful  to  me  for  more  than 
a  third  of  a  century  is  not  pleasant,  but  it  must 
be  said.  My  colleagues  in  the  government  have 
placed  me  in  a  position  where  my  responsibilities 
are  not  great,  but  where  I  hope  I  may  still  be  able 
to  do  something  for  my  native  province  and  for 
my  country.  Thanking  one  and  all  for  their  un- 
wavering confidence  in  the  past,  I  still  wish  to  be 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


considered  as  their  friend.  By  causing  this  to  be 
read  you  will  much  oblige,  Yours  sincerely,  (Sd. ) 
S.  L  TILLEY. 

Sir  Leonard  and  Lady  Tilley  visited  Toron- 
to, the  Queen  City  of  the  West,  in  May, 
1887,  and  spent  a  week  among  their  many 
friends  there,  who  were  overjoyed  at  Sir 
Leonard's  improved  health,  and  while  here 
they  took  part  in  the  festivities  so  lavishly 
bestowed  on  the  Governor-General,  Lord 
Lansdowne,  and  his  party,  who,  at  the 
time,  were  enjoying  the  hospitality  of  the 
citizens.  Sir  Leonard  Tilley  has  been  twice 
married,  first  to  Julia  Ann,  daughter  of 
James  T.  Hanford,  of  St.  John,  N.B. ;  and 
second,  in  1867,  to  Alice,  eldest  daughter  of 
Z.  Chipman,  of  St.  Stephen,  N.B.  Sir  Leon- 
ard Tilley's  career  has  been  an  honour  to 
his  country,  and  one  that  young  men  who 
aim  to  do  well  in  public  life  should  seek  to 
remember  and  imitate. 

Cluxton,  William,  Peterboro',  On- 
tario, was  born  in  Dundalk,  county  of  Louth, 
Ireland,  on  the  31st  of  March,  1819.  When 
but  six  years  of  age  his  father  died,  and  six 
years  later  his  mother  was  also  removed  by 
death.  His  education  had  been  carefully 
looked  after  by  his  mother.  On  the  break- 
up of  the  family,  William,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  went  to  reside  with  an  uncle 
and  aunt  who  was  in  business  in  Cootehill, 
Cavan  county,  and  this  worthy  couple  soon 
afterwards,  having  determined  to  improve 
their  condition,  emigrated  to  America,  tak- 
ing with  them  the  orphan  lad.  Arrived  in 
Canada,  the  family  located  themselves  on 
a  farm  near  the  then  small  village  of  Peter- 
boro', but  now  one  of  the  most  thriving 
towns  in  the  province.  Here  he  soon  discover- 
ed that  nature  never  intended  him  to  spend 
his  life  on  a  farm.  Therefore,  with  the  con- 
sent of  .his  relatives — long  deceased,  and  of 
whom  he  still  speaks  with  the  utmost  affec- 
tion— young  as  he  was,  and  without  a  single 
cent  in  the  world,  he  sought  and  obtained  a 
very  humble  situation  in  the  employment 
of  the  late  John  Hall,  father  of  the  late 
Judge  Hall,  who  was  then  the  leading  mer- 
chant in  the  village  ;  and  in  this  place  he 
remained  for  some  time,  gradually  acquir- 
ing knowledge.  In  1835,  after  having  given 
the  utmost  satisfaction  to  all  who  had  re- 
posed trust  in  him,  Mr.  Qjluxton  accepted  a 
position  in  the  dry  goods  store  of  John  B. 
Benson,  and  subsequently  became  the  sole 
manager  of  his  store  on  Aylmer  street.  Here, 
after  business  hours,  he  devoted  himself  so 


earnestly  and  labouriously  to  the  cultivation 
of  letters  and  of  music,  that  he  soon  became 
remarkable  for  his  attainments,  especially 
in  the  latter.  In  1836,  such  flattering  offers 
had  been  made  to  him,  that  he  was  induced 
to  leave  Peterboro'  and  take  charge,  in  Port 
Hope,  of  the  business  of  the  late  John 
Crawford,  a  wealthy  and  well-known  mer- 
chant. In  this  place,  however,  from  indis- 
position, being  then  only  seventeen  years 
of  age,  he  remained  but  one  month,  and 
again  returned  to  Peterboro'  to  take  sole 
charge  of  a  branch  of  that  gentleman's 
business  which  had  been  established  there, 
and  that  was  not,  it  seemed,  succeeding  so 
well  as  desired.  Here  his  management  be- 
came so  successful,  that  in  three  years  he 
found  himself  the  sole  buyer  for  all  of  Mr. 
Crawford's  establishments,  and  this  position 
he  held  until  the  death  of  that  gentleman, 
when  he  was  appointed  by  the  trustees  of 
the  estate  to  wind  up  the  business,  which 
he  did  to  their  entire  satisfaction.  In  1842, 
and  after  some  years  of  the  most  unwearied 
and  honourable  toil,  Mr.  Cluxton  purchased 
a  stock  of  general  goods,  and  launched 
forth  his  bark  in  Peterboro'  on  his  own  ac- 
count. From  that  time  to  the  present,  his 
success  has  been  of  the  most  marked  char- 
acter, although  it  may  be  fairly  supposed 
that  he  has  met,  like  all  others  in  business, 
with  occasional  reverses  by  the  way.  In 
1872,  considering  his  means  sufficiently 
ample,  he  retired  from  the  drygoods  busi- 
ness. One  of  its  branches  established  in 
Lindsay  he  disposed  to  a  clerk,  who  had 
come  to  him  a  mere  lad,  but  who  now,  un- 
der his  strict  and  able  training,  has  become 
one  of  the  wealthiest  and  best  business  men 
in  that  town.  To  two  of  his  sons  and  an- 
other clerk  he  sold  the  Peterboro'  establish- 
ment ;  but  he  continued  his  operations  in 
produce,  and  of  late  years  has  only  done 
sufficient  to  occupy  his  mind,  so  as  to  pre- 
vent the  change  from  an  active  business  life 
to  one  of  leisure  having  an  injurious  effect. 
For  thirty  years  or  more  he  moved  the 
principal  part  of  the  grain  along  the  whole 
line  of  railway  from  Lindsay  to  Lake  On- 
tario, his  transactions  amounting  to  half  a 
million  annually.  In  1852  he  became  man- 
ager of  the  Peterboro'  branch  of  the  Com- 
mercial Bank  of  Canada,  which  position  he 
held  for  eight  years,  without  having  lost  a 
single  dollar  to  the  institution,  resigning  it 
only  because  of  its  wear  and  tear,  and  be- 
cause of  his  desire  to  visit  Europe  for  the 


64 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


sake  of  his  health — which  visit  he  made  in 
1862,  accompanied  by  his  wife  and  a  por- 
tion of  his  family.  When  he  did  withdraw 
from  this  post,  however,  the  estimation  in 
which  he  was  held  by  the  directors  may  be 
gathered  from  the  fact  that  he  was  appoint- 
ed confidential  adviser  to  the  new  manager. 
Few  men  in  Canada  have  ever  held  so  many 
offices  of  important  public  trust  as  Mr. 
Cluxton,  and  no  man  in  the  whole  Do- 
minion can  boast  of  a  more  honourable  re- 
cord or  name.  He  was  for  years  president 
of  the  Midland  Kailway  Company,  and  has 
been  president  of  the  Marmora  Mining  Com- 
pany, the  Little  Lake  Cemetery  Company, 
the  Port  Hope  and  Peterboro'  Gravel  Eoad 
Company,  and  the  Peterboro'  Water  Works 
Company.  He  has  in  his  tinle  occupied 
seats  in  the  town  and  in  the  county  council, 
and  is  at  present  one  of  the  commissioners 
of  the  town  trust.  He  took  a  lively  inter- 
est in  the  education  of  the  young,  and  for 
twenty -five  years  was  an  active  member  of 
the  school  board.  He  is  captain  in  the 
Sedentary  militia,  and  in  1872  he  was  chosen 
to  represent  the  people  of  West  Peterboro' 
in  the  House  of  Commons.  Mr.  Cluxton  is 
a  Liberal-Conservative  in  politics.  In  pri- 
vate life  he  is  neither  banker,  merchant  nor 
politician,  but  simply  one  of  the  great  bro- 
therhood of  mankind,  who  makes  common 
cause  with  his  numerous  tenants  and  his 
friends,  as  well  as  with  the  fatherless  child- 
ren and  the  widow. 

Falconbridge,  William  Olen- 
liolmc,  M.A.,  Q.C.,  Barrister,  Toronto, 
was  born  on  12th  May,  1846.  He  is  the 
eldest  son  of  John  Kennedy  Falconbridge, 
J.P.,  of  Richmond  Hill,  in  the  county  of 
York,  a  very  well  known  and  highly  res- 
pected retired  merchant,  who  for  many  years 
carried  on  a  large  and  successful  business 
in  the  counties  of  York  and  Simcoe.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  received  his  chief  pre- 
liminary training  at  the  Barrie  Grammar 
School,  and  at  the  Model  Grammar  School 
for  Upper  Canada,  and  matriculated  with  a 
general  proficiency  scholarship  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  in  1862.  His  course  at 
the  University  was  one  of  rather  unusual 
distinction,  inasmuch  as  there  was  hardly 
any  department  in  the  curriculum  in  which 
he  did  not  at  some  period  obtain  first-class 
honours.  After  winning  college  prizes  and 
university  scholarships  in  each  year,  he 
graduated  B.A.  in  1866,  with  a  gold  medal. 
He  then  filled  for  a  year  the  chair  of  pro- 


fessor of  modern  languages  in  Yarmoutl 
College,  N.  S.,  and  returned  to  Toronto  or 
being  appointed  lecturer  on  Italian  anc 
Spanish  in  University  College,  which  posi 
tion  he  occupied  for  one  year.  In  1868 
he  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  th< 
office  of  Patton,  Osier  and  Moss,  and  wai 
caUed  to  the  bar  in  1871.  (While  he  wai 
a  student  at  law  he  entered  the  Military 
School,  which  was  then  established  ir 
Toronto,  as  a  gentleman  cadet,  and  in  du( 
course  obtained  his  certificate  of  fitness  foi 
a  captain's  commission  in  the  active  militij 
— under  the  instructions  of  the  officers  o 
Her  Majesty's  29th  regiment  of  foot).  Oi 
the  1st  of  July,  1871,  the  firm  of  Harrison 
Osier  and  Moss  was  formed,  the  memberf 
of  which  were  the  late  Chief  Justices  Harri 
son  and  Moss  ;  the  present  Justice  Osier 
Charles  Moss,  Q.C.,  W.  A.  Foster,  Q.C. 
and  Mr.  Falconbridge.  He  was  examine] 
in  the  University  of  Toronto  for  severa 
years,  and  was  elected  registrar  in  1872 
and  held  that  office  until  1881,  when  h( 
resigned  and  was  immediately  elected  bj 
his  fellow  graduates  a  member  of  the  senate 
of  that  institution,  and  again  elected  at  th( 
head  of  the  poll  in  1886.  In  1885,  he  wat 
elected  a  bencher  of  our  only  Inn  of  Cour' 
— the  Law  Society  of  Upper  Canada, — anc 
was  re-elected  at  the  general  election  ii 
1886,  ranking  No.  six,  out  of  the  thirty 
successful  candidates,  those  who  received 
a  larger  number  of  votes  being  W.  B.  Mere 
dith,  Charles  Moss,  Dalton  McCarthy,  C 
Robinson,  and  B.  M.  Britton.  He  wa« 
gazetted  as  one  of  Her  Majesty's  counsa 
in  1885.  Mr.  Falconbridge  is  a  pronouncec 
and  steadfast  Conservative  in  politics,  anc 
has  frequently  been  solicited  to  enter  pub 
lie  life,  particularly  at  the  general  elec 
tions  for  the  House  of  Commons  of  the 
Dominion  in  February,  1887,  when  he  wan 
offered  the  nomination  for  Centre  Toron- 
to. His  friends  think  that  his  abilities  and 
personal  qualities  eminently  fit  him  foi 
the  political  arena,  but  he  has  hitherto  fell 
obliged  by  the  pressure  of  professional 
engagements  to  decline  the  honour.  Bui 
he  has  never  been  chary  of  rendering 
gratuitous  public  services  when  called  or 
to  do  so.  He  was  a  prominent  member  oi 
the  Citizens'  Committee  appointed  at  tht 
time  of  the  terrible  accident  at  the  Humber 
in  January,  1884,  when  twenty-nine  mei 
were  killed  outright  or  died  of  their  injuries 
and  fifteen  were  more  or  less  injured,  tht 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


65 


other  members  of  the  Committee  being  the 
then  mayor,  A.  K.  Boswell,  J.  H.  Morris,  Q.O., 
T.  McGaw,  Jno.  Livingstone,  H.  E.  Clarke, 
M.P.P.,  and  John  Hallam.  Largely  through 
the  intervention  and  efforts  of  these  gentle- 
men, more  than  one  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars were  received  by  way  of  compensation 
from  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and  about 
fifteen  thousand  dollars  collected  from  the 
general  public.  For  their  services  in  this 
connection,  given  ungrudgingly  over  a 
period  of  nearly  two  years,  they  were 
publicly  thanked  by  resolution  of  the  City 
Council.  Mr.  Falconbridge  is  now  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firms  of  Moss,  Falconbridge  and 
Barwick,  and  Moss,  Hoyles  and  Ay les  worth, 
a  strong  association,  representing  the  sur- 
vival of  the  numerous  judicial  appointments 
which  have  been  made  from  their  ranks. 
In  religion  he  has  always  adhered  to  the 
Church  of  England,  and  has  been  for  years 
an  officer  of  the  Irish  Protestant  Benevolent 
Society.  He  is  a  keen  sportsman  and  a 
skilful  and  enthusiastic  angler,  and  he  is 
very  popular  within  the  circle  of  his  ac- 
quaintance. In  1873,  he  married  Mary, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  Mr. 
Justice  Sullivan,  and  step-daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  Sir  Francis  Hincks,  C.B.,  K.C. 
M.G.,  by  whom  he  has  issue  one  son  and 
five  daughters. 

Sander§on,  Rev.  Dr.  O.  R.,  Pastor 
of  the  Methodist  church,  Sarnia.  This 
worthy  and  greatly  respected  minister  was 
born  in.  the  city  of  Kingston,  in  the  year 
1817,  so  that  he  is  now  seventy  years  of  age. 
He  is  of  English  parentage.  With  his  par- 
ents he  attended  the  church  of  the  Wesleyan 
Methodists  in  Kingston,  and  in  the  year 
1834,  through  the  ministry  of  the  Bev.  Dr. 
Stinson,  was  converted,  and  at  once  connect- 
ed himself  with  the  church.  Having  a  fair 
English  education,  possessing  a  good  voice, 
good  judgment,  and  above  all,  a  renewed 
heart,  he  was  by  the  quarterly  official  board 
made  a  local  preacher  in  connection  with  the 
Kingston  circuit.  Engaged  in  this  relation 
and  realizing  his  need  of  better  qualification 
for  the  work,  he  entered  the  Upper  Canada 
Academy,  which  formed  the  nucleus  out  of 
which  Victoria  University  has  risen,  where 
he  completed  his  education.  He  then  left 
the  college  to  enter  the  full  work  of  the 
ministry.  The  late  Kev.  Dr.  Carroll  writes 
of  him  :  "  His  going  out  as  chairman's 
supply,  one  year  before  his  formal  reception 
on  trial,  was  at  the  conference  of  1836,  and 
D 


his  introduction  into  his  ministerial  work 
was  under  circumstances  which  entitle  him 
to  rank  among  the  pioneer  preachers.  He 
was  first  sent  to  the  extensive  boundaries, 
miry  roads  and  miasmatic  atmosphere  of  the 
old  Thames  circuit  ;  and  received  a  fitting 
seasoning  for  its  toils  by  a  ride  on  horseback 
from  Kingston  to  Chatham.  In  the  course 
of  this  journey  the  writer  first  met  and  ad- 
mired the  pluck  and  heroism  of  the  boy  of 
twenty."  A  list  of  the  circuits  on  which  Dr. 
Sanderson  has  travelled  since  entering  the 
ministry  will  no  doubt  interest  many  read- 
ers. In  1837,  he  traveUed  the  old  Thames 
circuit,  going  thence  to  Newmarket,  Grimsby 
and  Hamilton  respectively.  In  1841  he  was 
ordained  and  sent  to  Stamford,  where  he  re- 
mained for  two  years,  then  to  St.  Catharines 
for  two  years,  and  thence  to  Toronto,  where 
he  was  elected  and  ably  performed  the  duties 
of  editor  of  the  Christian  Guardian.  Upon 
relinquishing  the  editorial  chair,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  for  five  years,  he  was  appointed 
to  Cobourg  for  three  years,  during  which 
period  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the  con- 
ference, and  was  thence  sent  back  to  Toronto 
to  take  charge  of  the  Methodist  Book  and 
Publishing  House.  From  the  successful 
discharge  of  these  important  interests  of  the 
church  he  came  to  the  city  of  London,  where 
he  remained  for  three  years.  In  the  year 
1861  he  was  elected  representative  from  the 
Canadian  Conference  to  the  Wesleyan  Con- 
ference of  Great  Britain.  In  1860  he  was 
elected  chairman  of  the  London  district, 
which  position  he  has  held  without  a  break 
on  the  several  districts  on  which  he  has  been 
placed  from  that  period  until  the  present. 
From  London  he  went  to  the  following 
places  in  order,  remaining  in  each  the  full 
allotted  time  of  three  years  :  Port  Hope, 
Picton,  Belleville,  Kingston,  St.  Catharines, 
London  (Wellington  street),  London  (Dun- 
das  street  east),  and  Strathroy.  In  1876  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  Conference  of 
the  Methodist  church  of  Canada,  for  which 
position  his  many  years'  experience  as  chair- 
man well  qualified  him.  The  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  his  alma  mattr,  Victoria  Uni- 
versity, in  May,  1876.  Victoria  has  never 
honoured  a  more  worthy  son,  and  Dr.  San- 
derson has  always  been  a  noble  representa- 
tive of  the  claims  of  this  university  upon 
the  Methodist  people  of  this  dominion.  Dr. 
Sanderson  is  a  fine  specimen  of  the  Christian 
minister.  During  his  long  period  of  service 


66 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


there  has  been  no  time  that  he  has  been  laid 
aside  from  work  by  illness,  and  no  year  that 
there  has  not  been  a  revival  of  religion  on 
his  circuit.  The  statement  may  be  ventured 
that  Dr.  Sanderson  has  been  the  instrument 
in  God's  hands  of  winning  more  souls  to 
Christ  than  any  other  minister  in  the  regu- 
lar work  in  the  Methodist  church.  He  is 
now  the  oldest  man  in  the  active  work  of 
the  ministry,  and  at  a  conference  lately 
held  in  St.  Thomas,  a  testimonial  in  the 
shape  of  a  purse  of  $120  was  presented  to 
him  in  honour  of  his  advent  upon  the  50th 
year  of  his  ministry.  Dr.  Sanderson  as  a 
preacher  is  at  times  eloquent,  always  prac- 
tical and  strictly  evangelical.  As  a  speaker 
he  is  chaste,  polished  and  powerful,  and 
when  in  debate  he  waxes  warm  with  his 
theme  he  invariably  carries  his  hearers  with 
him.  As  a  man  he  is  sympathetic  and  ten- 
der and  withal  firm  and  unflinching  in  what 
he  believes  to  be  right.  To  quote  Dr.  Carroll 
again — "  He  has  not  been  without  difficult 
positions  to  keep,  and  has  had  his  trials  ; 
yet  he  has  proved  faithful  to  his  trust,  and 
has  usually  triumphed.  He  is  self-contain- 
ed, manly  and  enduring,  and  has  never 
failed  in  a  connexional  trust." 

Hunter,  Rev.  Samuel  .lames, 
D.D.,  Pastor  of  the  Centenary  Church, 
Hamilton,  Ontario,  one  of  the  leading 
preachers  in  connection  with  the  Metho- 
dist denomination,  is  a  Canadian  by  birth, 
having  been  born  in  the  village  of  Phillips- 
burg,  province  of  Quebec,  on  the  12th 
April,  1843.  He  is  of  Irish  parentage,  his 
father  and  mother  having  been  born  and 
married- in  Strabane,  county  Tyrone.  The 
subject  of  our  sketch  removed,  with  the 
other  members  of  the  family,  to  Upper 
Canada,  and'  settled  in  East  Gwillimbury, 
which  was  then  almost  a  wilderness.  He 
early  developed  an  unconquerable  thirst  for 
knowledge,  and  when  a  mere  lad  had  reach- 
ed the  limit  of  the  common  school  teacher's 
power  to  instruct.  The  few  books  in  scanty 
libraries  here  and  there  amongst  the  neigh- 
bours were  read  with  avidity  and  studied 
with  care.  The  first  money  he  ever  earned 
was  invested  in  three  works  that  opened  to 
him  the  vast  world  of  thought,  namely  : 
Dick's  works,  Rollin's  Ancient  History,  and 
a  Latin  grammar  and  reader  combined. 
When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  was  led 
into  a  religious  experience  through  the 
ministry  of  ^the  Methodist  church,  which 
he  subsequently  joined.  At  the  age  o 


eighteen  he  was  received  as  a  probationer 
for  the  ministry,  and  began  his  labours  in 
the  township  of  Walpole.  Four  years  after- 
wards he  was  publicly  ordained  in  London, 
Ontario.  For  many  years  he  did  the  hard 
work  of  a  Methodist  preacher,  and  at  the 
same  time  pursued  secular  study  under  pri- 
vate masters.  His  fields  of  labour  have 
been — one  year  in  Walpole,  two  in  Oakville, 
two  at  Thornhill,  one  at  Bowmanville,  six 
in  Montreal,  twelve  in  Toronto  ( six  of  which 
were  in  Elm  street,  three  in  Queen  street, 
and  three  in  Sherbourne  street  Church). 
He  is  now  completing  his  second  year  in 
Centenary  Church,  Hamilton,  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  important  congregations  in 
the  Dominion.  At  the  convocation  of  1886 
the  Senate  of  Victoria  University  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 
Dr.  Hunter,  though  a  member  of  every 
general  conference  that  has  been  held,  has 
no  taste  for  debate,  and  seldom  enters  the 
arena.  He  is  regarded  as  orthodox  in  his 
teachings,  but  never  takes  things  on  trust 
merely.  He  thinks  for  himself,  and  never 
burks  his  opinions,  even  when  they  seem  to 
be  out  of  harmony  with  the  generally  ac- 
cepted creeds.  He  married,  in  1871,  Miss 
Huston,  of  Montreal,  and  has  a  family  of 
two  children. 

Mathison,  George,  Senior  Past  Grand 
Worthy  Patriarch  of  the  Grand  Division 
of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec,  was  one  of  the  most  energetic 
and  enthusiastic  temperance  advocates  in 
that  section  of  our  country.  Born  in  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  on  the  1st  May,  1801,  he 
received  his  education  there,  and  after  leav- 
ing school  was  apprenticed  to  the  baking 
business.  Having  faithfully  served  the 
prescribed  term,  he  worked  for  a  short  pe- 
riod as  a  journeyman,  and  wishing  to  see 
the  world,  enlisted  in  His  Majesty's  70th 
regiment  of  foot,  and  soon  attained  the 
position  of  colour-sergeant.  Seeing  the  evil 
effects  of  drink  on  his  comrades,  he  soon- 
became  convinced  that  a  life  of  total  absti- 
nence was  the  safest  and  best  for  him  to 
secure  success  in  his  profession,  and  accord- 
ingly adopted  the  principle.  At  that  time 
very  few  had  abandoned  the  entire  use  of 
intoxicating  liquors  as  a  drink,  and  those 
who  had  were  looked  upon  with  suspicion 
by  the  "  moderate  drinkers,"  but  his  ex- 
ample soon  began  to  tell  upon  his  comrades, 
and  many  of  them  were  induced  to  abandon 
liquor- drinking.  In  due  course  of  time, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


67 


with  the  permission  of  his  commanding 
officer,  he  established  a  total  abstinence 
society  in  the  regiment.  He  soon  after- 
wards attained  to  the  rank  of  quarter-master- 
sergeant,  and  still  continued  to  use  his  in- 
fluence to  further  the  good  work  he  had 
begun.  In  the  year  1842,  having  served 
his  country  for  twenty-one  years  in  Gibral- 
tar, Malta,  West  Indies  and  Canada — prov- 
ing the  practicability  of  the  principles  of 
total  abstinence  in  all  these  varied  climes 
— he  was  discharged  with  a  pension,  and  at 
the  same  time  received  a  situation  in  the 
Commissariat  department  as  keeper  of  the 
government  woodyard  in  Quebec.  This 
gave  him  greater  opportunities  to  work  in 
the  temperance  cause,  and  shortly  after- 
ward he  and  several  other  citizens  started  the 
first  total  abstinence  society  in  that  city,  and 
it  proved  a  great  blessing  to  many.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1850,  having  heard  of  the  order  of 
the  Sons  of  Temperance,  which  was  then 
making  rapid  strides  in  enrolling  men  in 
the  total  abstinence  ranks,  he  and  other 
members  of  the  society  secured  a  charter 
from  the  National  Division,  and  Gough 
Division,  No.  3,  of  Canada  East,  was  organ- 
ized. This  division  continued  to  prosper, 
and  the  order  to  increase  in  the  province, 
when  in  January,  1852,  the  Grand  Division 
of  Canada  East  (now  Quebec)  was  organ- 
ized, Mr.  Mathison  being  one  of  the  charter 
members,  and  in  October,  1854,  he  was  elec- 
ted its  Grand  Worthy  Patriarch.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1852,  St.  Lawrence  Division  was  or- 
ganized under  very  favourable  auspices,  and 
in  the  following  year  he  left  Gough  Division 
and  joined  St.  Lawrence,  in  the  hope  of  ex- 
tending his  usefulness  among  the  military 
men  who  had  joined  in  large  numbers  the 
younger  division.  In  June,  1867,  he  was 
initiated  into  the  National  Division  of  North 
America,  at  the  session  held  at  Providence, 
Hhode  Island,  and  continued  to  attend  the 
meetings  of  that  body  as  opportunity  offered, 
the  last  time  being  at  the  session  held  in 
Halifax,  N.  S.,  in  1884.  In  1859  he  was 
removed  to  Halifax  to  fill  another  position 
in  the  Commissariat  department,  and  later 
on  to  Prince  Edward  Island.  In  each  place 
he  was  well  known  as  an  enthusiastic  worker 
in  the  cause  of  temperance,  and  other  good 
works.  In  the  year  1866,  after  serving 
twenty-four  years  in  Her  Majesty's  service, 
he  was  superannuated, with  another  pension, 
and  took  up  his  residence  in  the  city  of 
Quebec,  and  again  associated  himself  with 


St.  Lawrence  Division,  and  continued  to 
work  persistently  in  the  cause  he  had  so 
much  at  heart  up  to  the  last  month  of  his 
life,  not  only  in  connection  with  the  order 
of  the  Sons  of  Temperance,  but  in  the  form- 
ation of  Cadets  of  Temperance,  Bands  of 
Hope,  and  other  kindred  societies.  He  was 
ever  ready  to  help,  and  very  few  of  the 
youth  of  the  city  of  Quebec  have  failed  in 
being  influenced  to  a  certain  extent  by  his 
efforts.  He  was  a  consistent  member  of  the 
Methodist  church  for  over  fifty  years,  and 
for  several  years  superintendent  of  the  Sab- 
bath school.  The  class  meetings  and  prayer 
meetings  were  always  faithfully  attended  by 
him  and  highly  appreciated.  He  passed 
away  after  a  few  days'  illness  on  the  30th 
October,  1886,  in  the  eighty-sixth  year  of 
his  age  and  the  sixtieth  of  his  temperance 
work,  deeply  regretted  by  all  his  co-laborers 
in  the  church,  as  well  as  in  the  cause  of 
total  abstinence.  George  Mathison  earned 
the  benediction  :  "  Well  done,  good  and 
faithful  servant." 

Flewelling,  William  Pentreath, 
Accountant  and  Lumber  Agent,  Crown 
Lands  department,  Fredericton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  at  Clifton,  King's  county, 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  31st  of  May,  1850, 
His  father,  William  Puddington  Fie  well  ing, 
was  a  native  of  New  Brunswick,  and  resided 
most  of  his  life-time  in  King's  county,  where 
for  a  long  time  he  carried  on  a  large  ship- 
building business.  He  also  represented 
King's  county  in  the  New  Brunswick  legis- 
lature for  a  number  of  years,  and  part  of. 
the  time  he  was  a  member  of  the  govern- 
ment, and  held  the  office  of  survey  or- general. 
His  mother,  Esther  Ann  Merritt,  was  a 
native  of  Marlborough,  Ulster  county,  New 
York  state.  William  received  his  early 
education  in  the  public  school  of  his  native 
place,  and  at  a  later  period  attended  the 
superior  school  at  Studholm,  King's  county. 
While  preparing  for  a  collegiate  course,  ill 
health  overtook  him,  and  he  was  obliged  to 
give  up  further  study  and  betake  himself 
to  out-door  pursuits.  He  having  become 
as  a  boy  familiar  with  the  use  of  tools  in 
his  father's  ship-yard,  he  betook  himself  to 
the  lumber  regions  of  New  Brunswick,  and 
joined  a  lumbering  party  ;  and  after  a  win- 
ter spent  in  the  forest  he  became  restored 
to  his  usual  ruggedness,  and  returned  to 
civilization.  In  the  spring  of  1869  he  remov- 
ed from  Clifton  to  Fredericton  and  entered 
the  service  of  the  government  as  a  clerk  in 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  CrownLands  department.  In  1873,  some 
changes  occurring  in  the  staff,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  position  of  accountant  ;  and 
in  1881,  in  addition  to  this  office,  he  was 
made  lumber  agent.  This  dual  office  he 
has  since  held — the  first  having  put  him  in 
charge  of  all  the  financial  matters  in  con- 
nection with  the  Land  department,  and  the 
second  the  general  supervision  of  the  lum- 
bering on  the  Crown  lands  throughout  the 
province,  and  the  collection  of  the  revenue 
therefrom.  As  a  young  man,  Mr.  Flewel- 
ling  took  an  active  interest  in  military  mat- 
ters. Having  joined  a  local  militia  corps 
as  private  he  gradually  rose  in  the  ranks, 
and  when  he  retired  from  the  service  in 
1874  he  held  the  rank  of  paymaster  of  the 
74th  battalion,  King's  county  militia.  He 
has  been  an  active  member  of  various 
societies,  especially  temperance  societies,  in 
all  of  which  he  has  held  offices.  For  about 
fifteen  years  he  has  belonged  to  the  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Oddfellows,  and  is  a  past- 
grand  master  of  Victoria  lodge,  No.  13,  of 
Fredericton.  He  has  always  been  connected 
with  the  Episcopal  church,  but  is,  never- 
theless, a  strong  believer  in  freedom  of 
opinion,  especially  in  religion.  On  the  17th 
of  January,  1874,  he  was  married  to  Har- 
riet E.  Lugrin,  daughter  of  the  late  Charles 
S.  Lugrin,  editor  of  The  Colonial  Farmer, 
and  for  a  number  of  years  secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Agriculture  for  New  Brunswick, 
and  grand-daughter  of  the  late  George  K. 
Lugrin,  for  many  years  Queen's  printer  in 
New  Brunswick. 

l^e  Fan,  Frederick  Nichola§ 
IVOrr,  Owen  Sound,  Ontario,  is  the  son 
of  Louis  Noailles  Le  Pan  and  Mary  Anne 
Brown,  of  Belfast,  Ireland,  and  was  born  in 
the  year  1819.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
Paris,  France,  and  was  a  professor  of  French 
in  the  Royal  Academy  of  Belfast,  and  other 
colleges  in  that  city.  Mr.  Le  Pan  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States  at  the  age  of 
nineteen,  and  was  for  some  time  employed 
in  a  large  flouring  mill  as  head  book-keeper 
in  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  Being  anxious  to 
get  on  and  push  for  himself,  he  bought 
a  farm  in  the  state  of  Illinois,  and  lived 
there  until  his  health  failed  him.  He  then 
sold  out  his  property  and  moved  to  Canada 
and  settled  in  Picton,  Prince  Edward  county. 
After  living  here  for  some  time  he  went  to 
Owen  Sound,  in  the  county  of  Grey,  where 
he  opened  a  general  store,  and  succeeded 
well.  He  occupied  the  position  of  treasurer 


for  the  county  of  Grey  for  over  twenty 
years,  and  on  his  resignation  was  presented 
with  a  handsome  present  by  the  county  in 
recognition  of  his  services.  He  was  local 
director  for  the  Molsons  bank  in  Owen 
Sound,  and  is  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  the 
county.  Though  now  well  up  in  years,  Mr. 
Le  Pan  is  still  hale  and  hearty,  and  living 
a  retired  life. 

Mia iv ,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Jame§. 
The  late  Senator  Shaw  was  born  in  New 
Boss,  county  Wexford,  Ireland,  in  the  year 
1798,  so  famous  in  Irish  history.     He  was 
descended  from  two  ancient  and  honourable 
families,  and  took  pride  in  tracing  his  lin- 
eage back  many  generations  to  persons  of 
distinction,  being  Scotch   on   his  father's 
side,  and  on  his  mother's  he  was  of  French 
extraction,  her  family,  the  d'Ouselys,  being 
Huguenots,  who  fled  to  Ireland,  the  name 
being  corrupted  to  Dowsley  in  the  course 
of  years.     In  the  year  1820,  after  complet- 
ing his  education  in  Dublin,  Mr.  Shaw,  in 
the  twenty-second  year  of  his  age,  came  to 
Canada  with  letters  of  introduction  to  Lord 
Dalhousie,  who  attached  him  to  his  house- 
hold, with  an  officer's  pay  and  rations  for 
the  following  six   months,    where  he   was 
treated  with  great  kindness  by  Lord  and 
Lady  Dalhousie,  and  in  after  days  often  re- 
ferred to  this  pleasant  portion  of  his  life. 
Subsequently   the    government   appointed 
him  first  clerk  in  the  Lanark  military  settle- 
ment  of    Upper   Canada,   under  the  late 
Colonel  William  Marshall,  the  superinten- 
dent, and  this  situation  Mr.  Shaw  rilled  for 
nine  years.     At  the  commencement  of  the 
work  on  the  Rideau  Canal,  through  Lord 
Dalhousie' s   influence,   he   was    appointed 
overseer  of  the  works  under  the  late  Colonel 
John  By,  from  Smith's  Falls  to  By  town, 
now  the  city  of  Ottawa.     After  the  com- 
pletion  of  the   canal,   Mr.   Shaw  married 
Ellen  Forgie,  daughter  of  Mr.  Forgie,  of 
Glasgow,  and  carried  on  at  Smith's  Falls 
a  successful  and  extensive  mercantile  busi- 
ness up  to  the  time  of  his  entering  parlia- 
ment.    He  was  one  of  the  first  promoters 
and  directors  of  the  Brockville  and  Ottawa 
Railway.      During  the  Canadian  rebellion 
of  1837  and  1838  he  was  stationed  at  Brock- 
ville as  major  of  the  third  Leeds  Light  Tn- 
antry,  and  in  later  years  he  was  made  lieu- 
tenant-colonel of  the  militia  of  Canada.    In 
his  early  days  he  was  a  member  of  what 
was  known  as  the  Johnstown  District  Coun- 
cil,  and  when  the  municipal  system  was 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


69 


adopted  he  filled  the  position  of  reeve  of 
the  municipality,  which  office  he  held  until 
higher  duties  obliged  him  to  resign.  He 
was  also  a  justice  of  the  peace,  but  did  not 
often  act  in  that  capacity.  Mr.  Shaw  was 
a  Free  Mason,  having  joined  the  order  as  a 
young  man  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Church  of  England — not  extreme  in 
his  views,  but  unswerving  in  his  support 
and  allegiance  to  his  church.  In  1851  he 
was  elected  to  represent  the  united  counties 
of  Lanark  and  Renfrew  in  the  Legislature 
of  Canada  in  the  Conservative  interest,  and 
was  again  returned  for  the  South  Biding  of 
Lanark  in  1854.  In  1860  he  was  elected  for 
the  Bathurst  division  by  a  large  majority  to 
a  seat  in  the  upper  house,  which  he  held  until 
the  confederation  of  the  several  provinces, 
when  he  was  called  by  Royal  proclamation 
to  the  Senate  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
which  position  he  filled  with  honour,  to  him- 
self and  credit  to  his  country  until  his  death. 
Mr.  Shaw  was  a  gentleman  of  fine  physique 
and  commanding  appearance,  of  sterling 
principle,  unswerving  integrity,  and  by  his 
genial  disposition  and  urbanity  of  manner, 
endeared  himself  to  all  with  whom  he  be- 
came acquainted.  He  died  suddenly  at 
his  residence  in  Smith's  Falls,  on  the  6th  of 
February,  1878,  regretted  and  revered  by 
all  who  knew  him.  His  funeral  was  at- 
tended by  a  large  deputation  from  both 
branches  of  the  legislature. 

"  In  social  haunts  the  ever  welcome  guest, 
So  generous,  noble,  and  of  portly  mien  ; 
'  One  of  a  thousand  '  has  been  well  expressed-  — 
No  finer  type  of  gentleman  was  seen." 

Saint-Pierre,  Henri  C.,  Advocate, 
Montreal,  was  born  in  the  parish  of  Rigaud, 
county  of  Vaudreuil,  province  of  Quebec, 
on  the  13th  of  September,  1844,  but  was 
brought  up  at  Isle-Bizard,  in  Jacques-Car  - 
tier  county.  He  is  the  last  child  but  one 
of  a  family  of  nine,  composed  of  seven  girls 
and  two  boys.  His  father,  Joseph  Saint- 
Pierre,  a  farmer  of  Isle-Bizard,  died,  when 
his  son  Henri  was  only  two  years  old.  His 
mother,  Domithilde  Denis,  is  still  living. 
His  first  ancestor  on  his  father's  side  in 
Canada  was  Pierre  Breille-Saint-Pierre,  who 
was  usually  called  Pierre  Saint-Pierre.  He 
had  emigrated  from  Normandy,  and  on  his 
arrival  in  Canada  settled  at  Isle-Bizard.  In 
1741  he  was  married  to  Frangoise  Thi- 
bault,  by  whom  he  had  a  large  family.  He 
was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Carillon  in  1758. 
His  eldest  son,  bearing  the  same  name,  was 


married  to  Marie  Josephte  Tayon,  and  from 
that  marriage  was  born,  on  the  23rd  of  Au- 
gust, 1772,  Guillaume,  the  father  of  Joseph, 
and  the  grandfather  of  the  gentleman  who 
is  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Domithilde 
Denis,  the  mother  of  Mr.  Saint-Pierre,  be- 
longed to  a  family  of  farmers  from  La 
Pointe  Claire,  which  traces  its  origin  in 
Canada  as  far  back  as  the  days  of  the  first 
French  settlements,  the  first  colonist  of  that 
name,  Jacques  Denis,  having  settled  at 
Lachine  in  1689.  After  the  death  of  his 
father,  Mr.  Saint-Pierre  was  adopted  by  a 
near  relative,  C.  Raymond,  a  merchant  at 
Isle-Bizard,  who  took  charge  of  his  educa- 
tion. At  twelve  years  of  age  he  entered  the 
Montreal  College,  where  he  went  through 
a  brilliant  classical  course  of  study.  He 
was  the  college  mate  of  the  unfortunate 
patriot,  Louis  Riel.  From  his  childhood 
Mr.  Saint-Pierre  had  always  exhibited  a 
strong  liking  for  military  life  ;  but  as  he 
grew  older,  this  liking  ripened  into  an  un- 
controllable passion  ;  so  much  so,  that  on 
leaving  college  one  of  the  first  things  he 
did  was  to  solicit  from  his  mother  and  his 
adopted  father  the  permission  to  enlist  in 
the  United  States  army.  At  this  time  the 
war  between  the  North  and  South  was  rag- 
ing at  its  highest  pitch.  It  is  almost  needless 
to  say  that  his  request  was  unhesitatingly 
and  peremptorily  refused.  With  no  small 
degree  of  disappointment  and  reluctance, 
he  at  last  chose  the  study  of  the  law,  and 
was  sent  to  Kingston  in  Ontario,  in  order 
that  he  might  improve  his  knowledge  of  the 
English  language.  At  Kingston  he  was 
articled  to  James  Agnew,  one  of  the  lead- 
ing lawyers  of  that  city.  He  soon  got  tired 
of  the  law,  however,  and  on  the  very  day 
when  he  was  to  undergo  his  preliminary 
examination  at  Osgoode  Hall,  in  Toronto, 
yielding  to  his  passion  for  military  life,  he 
crossed  over  to  Niagara  Falls,  and  thence 
took  the  first  train  to  New  York.  On  his 
arrival  there  he  enlisted  in  the  76th  New 
York  volunteers,  which  was  then  forming 
part  of  the  first  corps  in  the  Potomac  army. 
To  his  honour  be  it  said,  it  was  only  after 
considerable  hesitation  that  General  John- 
son, the  chief  recruiting  officer,  consented 
to  enlist  the  runaway  school-boy.  Mr. 
Saint-Pierre  of  course  entered  the  service 
as  a  private,  but  in  less  than  two  months  he 
rose  to  the  rank  of  sergeant.  During  General 
Meade's  retreat  towards  Centreville,  in  the 
fall  of  1863,  he  was  wounded  at  the  cross- 


70 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


ing  of  the  Rapahannock,  and  had  only  re- 
cently resumed  duty  when  in  the  fight  at 
Mine  Run,  near  Fredericksburg,  he  was 
again  wounded.  He  was  picked  up  by  a 
deta'chment  of  General  Stewart's  rebel  cav- 
alry on  the  field  of  battle,  and  was  brought 
to  Gordonsville  during  the  night,  and  on 
the  following  day  sent  to  Eichmond  as  a 
prisoner  of  war.  In  his  regiment  he  had 
been  reported  as  dead,  and  some  time  after- 
wards his  name  was  published  in  the  list 
of  those  who  had  been  killed  in  that  fight. 
The  result  of  this  information  was  that 
funeral  services  were  held  both  in  the  Mon- 
treal College  and  in  his  native  parish,  and 
prayer  asked  for  the  salvation  of  his  soul. 
To  give  a  detailed  and  circumstantial  ac- 
count of  the  suffering  which  Mr.  Saint- 
Pierre  had  to  endure,  and  all  the  adventures 
he  had  to  go  through  in  his  numerous  at- 
tempts to  escape  from  starvation  and  death 
in  the  southern  stockades,  would  require  a 
narrative  which  could  hardly  be  comprised 
within  the  compass  of  a  whole  volume ;  but 
one  may  form  some  idea  of  it,  however, 
when  the  names  of  the  following  prisons 
wherein  he  was  successively  detained  are 
mentioned  :  Bell  Island  and  Parmenton 
building  at  Richmond,  Andersonville  in 
Georgia,  and  Charleston's  race  ground  and 
Forence  in  South  Carolina.  After  thirteen 
months  of  indescribable  sufferings,  he  at 
last  found  himself  free  at  Charleston  on  the 
day  when  the  city  was  evacuated  by  the 
Southern  troops  in  the  spring  of  1865.  After 
the  war  was  over,  Mr.  Saint-Pierre  returned 
to  his  native  country,  where  he  was  greeted 
as  one  who  had  risen  from  the  dead.  In 
March,  1866,  he  resumed  his  legal  studies, 
and  was  first  articled  to  the  late  Sir  George 
Etienne  Cartier,  but  a  year  afterwards  he 
became  a  student  in  the  office  of  the  Hon. 
J.  J.  C.  Abbott,  where  he  remained  up  to  the 
time  of  his  admission  to  the  bar  on  the  12th 
of  July,  1870.  In  1871  Mr.  Saint-Pierre 
entered  in  partnership  with  the  Hon.  Ged^on 
Ouimet,  then  attorney -general,  and  some 
time  afterwards  prime  minister  for  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec  ;  and  on  that  gentleman's 
appointment  as  superintendent  of  educa- 
tion, after  his  having  resigned  his  office  as 
prime  minister,  Mr.  Saint-Pierre  found  him- 
self at  the  head  of  his  law  office  and  the 
sole  possessor  of  his  large  clientele.  Mr. 
Saint-Pierre  soon  reached  the  foremost  rank 
in  his  profession,  and  to-day  the  firm  of 
Saint-Pierre,  Globensky  &  Poirier,  is  one  of 


the  leading  firms  in  the  district  of  Mon- 
treal. But  it  is  more  particularly  as  a 
criminalist  that  Mr.  Saint-Pierre  has  dis- 
tinguished himself.  Few  lawyers  have  been 
so  successful  in  the  practice  of  that  branch 
of  the  law  ;  and  whether  it  be  in  the  often 
arduous  task  of  bringing  conviction  to  the 
minds  of  juries,  or  in  that  no  less  difficult 
one  of  unravelling  a  knotty  point  of  law,  he 
has  few  equals  and  no  superior  in  his  native 
province.  He  has  frequently  acted  as  Crown 
attorney  and  as  substitute  of  the  attorney- 
general  for  the  province  of  Quebec,  both  in 
Montreal  and  in  the  adjoining  districts.  In 
politics  Mr.  Saint-Pierre  is  a  Liberal.  He 
was  selected  to  run  as  the  Liberal  candidate 
in  Jacques-Cartier,  in  1878,  for  the  local 
house,  but  was  defeated  by  the  former 
member,  L.  N.  Lecavalier,  who  succeeded 
in  securing  his  re-election  by  a  small  major- 
ity. Since  that  date  Mr.  Saint-Pierre  has. 
taken  very  little  part  in  active  politics.  At 
the  general  elections  for  the  federal  house 
in  1887  he  was  selected  as  the  Candidat 
National,  first  in  the  county  of  Laprairie, 
in  opposition  to  Mr.  Tasse,  the  Conservative 
nominee,  and  afterwards  in  the  county  of 
Jacques-Cartier,  hi  opposition  to  Mr.  Gir- 
ouard,  but  declined  in  both  instances.  Mr. 
Saint-Pierre  was  married  in  1874  to  Adeline 
Albina  Lesieur,  eldest  daughter  of  Adolphe 
Lesieur,  merchant,  of  Terrebonne.  She 
is  a  niece  of  the  late  Hon.  Thos.  Jean- 
Jacques  Loranger,  of  the  Hon.  L.  O.  Loran- 
ger,  a  judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  and  of 
J.  M.  Loranger,  Q.C.  Mrs.  Saint-Pierre  is 
a  handsome  and  accomplished  lady  and  an 
excellent  musician.  She  is  often  seen  at 
charity  concerts,  contributing,  by  her  dis- 
tistinguished  talent  as  a  pianist,  to  the  en- 
joyment of  the  evening ;  whilst  her  husband, 
Mr.  Saint-Pierre,  who  is  the  possessor  of  a 
splendid  bass  voice,  and  a  cultured  singer, 
varies  the'  entertainment  by  his  singing. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Saint-Pierre  were  both  born 
and  brought  up  Roman  catholics,  and  they 
have  a  family  of  five  children,  the  eldest  of 
whom,  Master  Henri,  is  only  nine  years  old. 
In  1856  Mrs.  Saint-Pierre,  the  elder,  was 
married  to  John  Wilson,  a  wealthy  farmer 
of  Isle-Bizard.  He  was  a  widower  and  the 
father  of  several  boys.  Two  of  those  boys 
were  married  to  two  of  Mrs.  Saint-Pierre's 
daughters.  The  youngest  of  those  gentle- 
men was  recently  elected  deputy-reeve  of 
the  county  of  Prescott,  in  Ontario.  Mrs. 
Saint -Pierre  has  survived  her  second  hus- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


71 


band,  who  died  in  1858.  She  has  now 
reached  the  ripe  old  age  of  seventy -nine. 
She  is  yet  strong  and  hearty,  and  lately  was 
invited  to  the  christening  of  an  infant  (a 
girl)  who  was  the  grand-daughter  of  her 
own  grand-daughter.  She  was  thereby 
given  an  opportunity  seldom  offered,  even 
to  very  aged  grand-mothers,  that  of  seeing 
her  fourth  generation. 

Hemming,  Edward  John,  D.G.L., 
ex-M.P.P.,  Advocate,  etc.,  Drummondville, 
province  of  Quebec,  is  the  third  son  of  the 
late  Henry  Keene  Hemming,  estate  agent, 
and  for  many  years  lessee  of  extensive  brick- 
fields at  Gray's,  Essex  on  the  Thames  ; 
and  Sophia  Wirgman,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Wirgman,  from  Stockholm,  Sweden,  and 
aunt  to  Lieut. -Colonel  Wirgman,  late  of  the 
10th  Hussars,  in  their  lifetime  of  London, 
England,  and  LismOre,  Ireland  (in  connec- 
tion with  the  Duke  of  Devonshire  estates), 
and  latterly  (where  they  died  and  were 
buried),  of  Great  Marlow,  Bucks,  having 
previously  lived  farming  near  Drummond- 
ville, P.Q.,  for  a  few  years,  when  they  re- 
turned to  England.  There  is  every  reason 
to  believe  that  his  father  was  directly  de- 
scended from  John  Hemming,  Shakespeare's 
associate  and  literary  executor.  An  uncle 
of  his  father,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Hemming, 
D.D.,  was  chaplain  to  the  Eoyal  Lodge  of 
Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  and  as  such 
intimate  with  all  the  then  royal  dukes,  the 
Duke  of  Sussex  standing  godfather  to  two 
of  his  children.  His  father  was  also  uncle 
to  the  late  Hon.  Judge  Dunkin,  member  of 
the  Privy  Council  of  Canada,  etc.,  etc.  (his 
sister  being  the  judge's  mother),  and  also 
cousin  to  the  late  Charles  F.  Smithers,  pre- 
sident of  the  Bank  of  Montreal.  After  the 
lapse  of  about  a  hundred  years,  the  two 
families  of  Hemming  and  Smithers  have 
intermarried  again,  Walter  G.  A.  Hemming, 
of  Toronto,  a  nephew  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  having  lately  married  a  daughter  of 
Charles  F.  Smithers.  Edward  John  Hem- 
ming was  born  on  the  30th  August,  1823,  in 
London,  England,  that  is  to  say  Clapham, 
Surrey,  and  was  educated  at  the  Clapham 
Grammar  School,  under  the  Rev.  Charles 
Pritchard,  M.A.,  a  Cambridge  wrangler. 
Among  his  schoolmates  who  have  since 
achieved  distinction  may  be  mentioned  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Bradley,  dean  of  Westminster 
Abbey  ;  Sir  George  Groves,  of  Sydenham 
Palace  fame  ;  and  his  brother,  George 
Wirgman  Hemming,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Q.C., 


lately  of  Hyde  Park,  now  of  South  Kensing- 
ton, London,  late  fellow  of  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge,  senior  wrangler  of  the  univer- 
sity— one  of  the  commissioners  named  by 
the  Imperial  Parliament  for  revising  the 
statutes  of  Cambridge  University  ; — editor 
of  the  "  Equity  Law  Reports  "  under  the 
council  of  the  English  bar,  etc.,  who  married 
his  second  cousin,  a  grand  niece  of  Sir  David 
Baird,  the  hero  of  Seringapatam  and  Co- 
runna.  To  show  the  heredity  of  genius  we 
may  mention  that  one  of  his  sons,  now  in 
the  Royal  Engineers,  not  only  came  out 
first  at  the  final  examination  at  the  Royal 
Military  College,  Woolwich,  but  surpassed 
the  one  next  to  him  by  more  than  a  thous- 
and marks.  On  leaving  school  in  1839,  Mr. 
Hemming  went  to  sea  as  a  midshipman, 
making  his  two  last  trips  to  India  in  the 
old  East  Indiaman,  Herefordshire,  com- 
manded by  Captain  Richardson,  a  cousin. 
He  left  her  at  Bombay  in  1843,  to  join  the 
Seyd  Khan,  opium  clipper  trading  to  China 
with  a  Lascar  crew,  as  second  officer,  under 
Captain  Horsburgh,  a  nephew  of  the  famous 
Captain  Horsburgh  of  East  India  Directory 
fame.  During  his  voyages,  he  visited  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Isle  of  France,  Bombay, 
Madras,  Calcutta,  Batavia,  Hong  Kong, 
Canton,  Amoy,  Chusan,  Woosing  and  St. 
Helena,  this  latter  before  the  removal  of  the 
great  Bonaparte.  After  remaining  in  China 
a  couple  of  years,  he  returned  home  to  his 
father  in  Ireland  in  1845,  where  he  remain- 
ed studying  farming  till  1851.  During  his 
residence  at  Lismore,  the  Smith  O'Brien 
rebellion  broke  out,  and  he  then  made  ac- 
quaintance with  Nicholas  O'Gorman,  once 
secretary  to  the  Catholic  Emancipation 
League,  under  O'Connell,  but  then  a  loyal 
subject;  also  of  Richard  O'Gorman,  his 
nephew,  one  of  the  Young  Irelanders,  who 
had  to  flee  the  country  in  order  to  escape 
prosecution  for  his  action  in  that  rebellion. 
Richard  O'Gorman  is  now  a  judge  in  New 
York.  Liebeg's  work  on  agricultural  chem- 
istry, then  lately  published,  having  caused 
a  great  sensation,  he  turned  his  attention 
to  the  subject,  and  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society  of  England  having  offered  a  prize 
open  to  all  the  world  on  the  occasion  of  the 
International  Exhibition  of  1851,  for  the 
best  essay  on  chemistry  applied  to  agricul- 
ture, Mr.  Hemming  entered  the  competi- 
tion and  carried  off  the  prize.  This  essay 
may  be  found  in  the  Parliamentary  library  at 
Ottawa.  While  attending  the  International 


72 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Exhibition  in  1851,  he  met  his  cousin,  after- 
wards Judge  Dunkin,  who  prevailed  upon 
him  to  enter  his  office  in  Montreal  as  a  law 
student,  and  he  commenced  his  legal  studies 
in  the  office  of  Bethune  &  Dunkin  in  the  fall 
of  that  year.  Amon  g  his  fellow  students  were 
the  Judges  Bamsay,  and  Papineau,  and 
Julius  Scriver,  the  M.P.  for  Huntingdon  ; 
and  he  also  entered  the  law  course  of  McGill 
College,  and  in  1855,  took  his  degree  of 
B.C.L.,  being  first  in  honours;  and  in  1871, 
took  his  degree  of  D.C.L.  in  course.  While 
he  was  a  law  student  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  Law  Students'  Society,  succeed- 
ing the  late  Judge  Kamsay  of  the  Court 
of  Queen's  Bench ;  Judge  Baby,  now  of  the 
same  court,  being  elected  secretary -treasurer. 
Shortly  after,  in  May,  1855,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  immediately  returned  to  Eng- 
land, where,  on  the  19th  July,  1855,  he  was 
married  to  Sophia  Louisa  Robinson  (a  cou- 
sin), eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Thomas 
Robinson,  of  London  and  Norwood,  mer- 
chant, and  returned  to  Montreal  the  same 
year,  and  commenced  practising  law  in 
partnership  with  A.  H.  Lunn.  He  was  em- 
ployed by  G.  W.  Wickstead,  Q.C.,  law  clerk 
of  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Canada,  on 
behalf  of  the  government,  to  compile  a  di- 
gested index  of  all  the  statute  law  in  force 
from  the  conquest  to  that  date,  preparatory 
to  a  consolidation  of  the  statutes,  which 
work  he  accomplished  to  his  satisfaction.  In 
1851,  he  entered  the  active  militia  force  by 
joining  the  Montreal  Light  Infantry  Battal- 
ion as  second  lieutenant,  and  served  therein 
for  seven  years,  until  he  was  gazetted  out  on 
leaving  limits  as  unattached,  retaining  his 
rank  of  captain.  In  1858,  at  the  suggestion 
of  Judge  Dunkin,  who,  at  that  time,  was 
member  for  Dmmmond  and  Arthabaska, 
and  who  intended  residing  in  Drummond 
county  (and  his  father  having  just  arrived 
from  England  and  purchased  a  farm  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Drummondville),  he  left 
his  practice  in  Montreal  and  came  to  Drum- 
mondville, which  was  then  nothing  but  a 
deserted  village  in  the  middle  of  the  woods 
and  out  of  the  world,  although  practically 
the  chef -lieu  of  the  then  newly  constituted 
district  of  Arthabaska,  the  only  resident 
lawyers  living  there ;  now,  thanks  to  the 
railroad,  Drummondville  is  a  thriving  vil- 
lage of  two  thousand  inhabitants,  with 
flourishing  manufactures  and  magnificent 
water  powers,  but  has  lost  its  pre-eminence 
in  law  since  the  erection  of  a  court  house  at 


the  chef-lieu,  and  the  formation  of  a  resi- 
dent bar  at  Arthabaskaville.  Mr.  Dunkin, 
however,  being  defeated  afterwards  by  J. 
B.  E.  Dorion,  V Enfant  Terrible,  obtained 
a  seat  in  Brome  county  and  permanently 
settled  in  that  county  at  Knowlton.  In 
1867,  on  the  death  of  VEnfant  Terrible 
(the  then  member  for  Drummond  and 
Arthabaska),  shortly  before  confederation, 
Mr.  Hemming  was  invited  by  a  large  num- 
ber of  the  electors  to  become  a  candidate 
for  the  Quebec  legislature  under  confedera- 
tion, and  although  he  was  opposed  by  the 
late  Judge  Dorion  ( a  brother  of  F Enfant 
Terrible},  on  the  Liberal  side,  and  by  N. 
Hebert,  as  a  French  Conservative,  he  had 
a  majority  over  both  candidates  combined, 
and  stood  at  the  head  of  the  poll  with 
nearly  two  hundred  majority,  and  this, 
notwithstanding  that  the  constituency  was 
five-sixths  French.  During  that  parliament 
he  took  a  prominent  part  in  inaugurating 
the  railway  fever  of  that  time  and  the  gov- 
ernment policy  of  subsidizing  the  railways 
consequent  thereon.  He  obtained  a  charter 
for  what  is  now  the  northern  branch  of  the 
South  Eastern  Railway,  under  the  then 
name  of  the  Richelieu,  Drummond  and 
Arthabaska  River  Railway,  one  hundred 
miles  in  length;  successfully  (for  every  one 
but  himself)  promoted  the  scheme  and  con- 
structed the  road,  was  elected  president  of 
the  company  and  gave  to  L.  A.  Senecal  the 
first  railway  contract  he  ever  had,  and  finally 
transferred  the  road  to  the  South  Eastern 
Company  on  certain  conditions  which,  we 
regret  to  say,  were  never  fully  carried  out. 
He  also  greatly  developed  the  two  counties 
by  opening  up  colonization  roads;  and  took 
an  active  part  in  revising  the  municipal 
code.  During  this  time  he  was  elected  pre- 
sident of  the  Agricultural  Society  of  the 
county  of  Drummond,  No.  1,  and  held  the 
office  until  the  society  was  constituted  for 
the  whole  county.  In  1870,  a  vacancy  oc- 
curing  in  the  lucrative  office  of  prothono- 
tary  for  the  district  of  Arthabaska,  the  Hon. 
M.  Chauveau,  the  then  premier,  nominated 
him  to  the  same,  but  a  difficulty  arising  in 
connection  with  the  Hon.  G.  Irvine,  who 
was  then  solicitor- general  in  the  Chauveau 
administration,  and  who  represented  a  por- 
tion of  the  district,  in  order  to  oblige  Hon. 
M.  Chauveau,  he  finally  consented  to  decline 
the  nomination,  and  to  present  himself  once 
more  in  1871  for  re-election  against  the 
Hon.  W.  Laurier,  the  Liberal  candidate, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


73 


but  was  defeated  by  a  large  majority,  prin- 
cipally on  the  ground  of  nationality  and 
railway  difficulties.  Shortly  afterwards, 
Mr.  Hemming  was  elected  warden  of  the 
county  of  Drummond,  which  office  he  re- 
signed, when  two  years  afterwards,  he  was 
appointed  district  magistrate  (the  equiva- 
lent of  county  judge  in  the  other  pro- 
vinces) for  the  districts  of  Arthabaska  and 
St.  Francis,  in  conjunction  with  G.  E.  Kioux, 
but  practically  the  two  districts  were  divid- 
ed, Mr.  Hemming  taking  the  former,  and 
Mr.  Bioux  the  latter.  About  the  same  time 
it  was  commonly  reported  in  the  press  and 
elsewhere,  that  he  was  to  be  the  new  Supe- 
rior Court  judge,  for  the  district,  as  the  rep- 
resentative of  the  Protestant  element  among 
the  six  new  judges,  but  at  the  end  the  Pro- 
testant element  was  eliminated  altogether. 
While  holding  the  office  of  district  magis- 
trate he  was  named  sole  commissioner  by 
the  Quebec  government  to  investigate  and 
report  on  the  management  and  working  of 
the  prothonotary's  and  other  offices  in  the 
Montreal  court-house,  including  the  police 
office.  Mr.  Brehaut  (a  Protestant)  having 
resigned  his  office  of  police  magistrate,  and 
received  another  appointment  in  conse- 
quence of  this  report,  it  was  again  positively 
reported  that  Mr.  Hemming  was  to  be  ap- 
pointed police  magistrate  in  his  stead,  but 
at  the  very  last  moment  Judge  Desnoyers 
was  substituted.  In  1878,  during  Mr.  Joly's 
short  regime,  when  great  efforts  were  made 
to  introduce  the  American  system,  "  to  the 
victors  belong  the  spoils,"  Mr.  Hemming 
and  thirteen  other  district  magistrates  had 
their  commissions  revoked,  on  the  ground 
of  economy,  without  receiving  any  indem- 
nity whatever  for  the  loss  of  their  office,  and 
Mr.  Bioux,  being  a  Liberal,  was  awarded 
Mr.  Hemming' s  district  in  addition  to  his 
own,  thus  eliminating  the  only  Protestant 
on  the  police  bench  in  the  whole  province 
of  Quebec.  Strange  to  say,  the  succeeding 
Conservative  administration  in  Quebec  never 
took  any  steps  either  to  reinstate  or  indem- 
nify Mr.  Hemming  for  the  loss  of  his  office, 
although  nearly  all  his  French  colleagues 
were  provided  for  one  way  or  the  other.  As 
he  had  to  commence  his  practice  anew  he 
retired  from  public  life  for  some  years ;  but 
in  1881,  at  the  urgent  request  of  the  local 
government,  consented  to  run  against  the 
Hon.  George  Irvine  in  the  Conservative  in- 
terest in  Megantic,  but  was  again  defeated, 
not  having  received  the  support  promised 


him,  and  having  entered  into  the  contest 
only  a  week  before  the  polling.  In  this 
year  he  was  named  census  commissioner  for 
the  county  of  Drummond  by  the  Dominion 
government;  and  in  1885  revising  officer  for 
the  same  county  under  the  Franchise  Act. 
Having  a  short  time  previously  consented 
to  take  a  part  in  municipal  matters  again, 
he  was  elected  mayor  of  Drummondville 
and  warden  of  the  county  for  the  second 
time.  He  was  also  elected  syndic  of  the 
Bar  of  Arthabaska,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  recent  appointment  as  joint  pro- 
thonotary  and  Clerk  of  the  Crown  for  that 
district.  Mr.  Hemming  has  for  some  years 
past  been  an  associate  member  of  the  Pro- 
testant Committee  of  the  Council  of  Public 
Instruction  for  the  province  of  Quebec, 
where  he  has  been  working  for  some  time 
past  to  procure  the  introduction  of  religious 
teaching  in  the  Protestant  public  schools, 
and  has  so  far  succeeded  as  to  have  the 
Bible  placed  upon  the  list  of  authorized 
text  books.  In  religious  matters  Mr.  Hem- 
ming is  a  member  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, and  has  acted  for  many  years  past  as 
lay  reader  whenever  his  services  have  been 
required.  And  on  one  occasion  in  the  ab- 
sence of  a  clergyman  after  the  church  at 
Drummondville  was  destroyed  by  fire,  con- 
ducted the  services  for  nearly  a  year,  and 
thereby  kept  the  congregation  together.  He 
was  churchwarden  of  St.  George's  Church, 
Drummondville,  for  eighteen  years,  and  has 
been  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Diocesan 
Synod  of  Quebec  and  to  the  Provincial 
Synod  since  1862  without  any  intermission, 
and  during  these  25  years  has  never  failed 
attending  a  single  session  of  either  of  these 
synods.  Mr.  Hemming  is  old-fashioned 
enough  to  believe  in  the  Bible,  and  conse- 
quently has  no  faith  in  Darwinism,  secular 
education  or  prohibition.  With  regard  to 
the  latter,  he  says  he  cannot  bring  himself 
to  believe  that  the  Saviour  was  a  criminal 
when  he  made  and  drank  wine  at  the  mar- 
riage feast,  nor  when  he  commanded  his 
disciples  to  drink  wine  in  his  memory  at  the 
Lord's  Supper.  In  politics,  he  is  and  has 
always  been  a  Conservative,  and  does  not 
believe  in  the  principles  of  the  French  or 
American  revolutions,  nor  in  the  divine 
right  of  the  people,  and  he  believes  that 
authority  ought  to  come  from  above  and 
not  from  below.  Mr.  Hemming  cannot  un- 
derstand the  theory  of  allowing  the  fools  to 
elect  the  wise  men,  nor  why  a  majority 


74 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


should  have  the  right  to  utterly  crush  out 
the  minority,  and  still  less  why  a  small  mi- 
nority that  happens  to  hold  the  balance  of 
power  under  our  constitution,  should  have 
the  power  of  controlling  the  overwhelming 
majority  of  the  nation.  Neither  does  he 
believe  in  Adam  Smith.  He  has  been  a 
protectionist  ever  since  the  times  of  Sir 
Robert  Peel,  D' Israeli  and  Lord  George 
Bentinck,  and  has  never  seen  any  occasion 
to  change  his  opinion,  notwithstanding  it 
was  considered  rank  heresy  to  say  so.  After 
a  lifetime  he  begins  to  see  signs  that  the 
British  are  beginning  to  discover  that  our 
social  system  is  founded  on  the  family, 
each  with  its  own  interest  (the  nation 
being  merely  an  extension  of  that  idea), 
and  that  until  the  whole  world  becomes 
one  family,  the  theory  of  free  trade  which 
is  based  on  that  idea  must  be  inapplicable. 
It  will  be  seen  by  the  foregoing  that  Mr. 
Hemming  has  led  a  pretty  active  life,  which 
may  be  considered  as  decidedly  professional, 
having  been  a  sailor,  soldier,  farmer,  law- 
yer, legislator,  judge,  doctor  (in  law)  and 
(lay)  parson.  His  sons  are  taking  different 
branches  of  the  professions.  His  eldest  son 
being  a  law  student,  another  is  in  the  Can- 
adian army,  being  a  lieutenant  in  the  Infan- 
try School  corps,  and  a  third  in  the  Cana- 
dian marine,  being  second  officer  on  board 
of  one  of  the  government  cruisers  for  the 
protection  of  the  fisheries. 

9IcC'»sh,  John,  Barrister,  Orillia,  On- 
tario, was  bom  in  Paris,  Brant  county,  On- 
tario, on  the  6th  September, '  1844.  His 
father,  Robert  McCosh,  M.D.,  was  a  native 
of  Beith,  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  who  gradu- 
ated at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and 
came  to  Canada  in  1834.  Shortly  after  his 
arrival  he  located  in  Paris,  and  in  a  very 
few  years  gained  a  large  medical  practice 
in  the  county  of  Brant,  He  died  in  1862. 
His  mother  was  a  Miss  Irwin,  of  Welland. 
She  was  from  the  north  of  Ireland,  and 
emigrated  with  her  mother  and  brothers 
about  the  year  1836.  Her  brothers  became 
merchants,  and  carried  on  a  large  business, 
one  in  Paris,  and  the  other  in  Gait.  John 
McCosh  received  his  education  in  the  Paris 
High  School,  and  subsequently  studied  law 
in  the  office  of  Clark  Gamble,  Q.C.,  To- 
ronto, and  afterwards  in  the  office  of  the 
present  Chief  Justice  Cameron.  He  was  en- 
rolled as  a  solicitor  in  1868,  and  called  to 
the  bar  in  1874.  Mr.  McCosh  then  opened 
a  law  office  in  Paris,  where  he  continued  to 


practise  his  profession  for  about  two  yearsT 
and  in  1871  removed  to  Orillia,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  and  has  succeeded  in 
building  up  a  lucrative  business.  Apart 
from  his  professional  duties,  Mr.  McCosh 
has  found  time  to  devote  a  good  deal  of  his 
time  to  the  public  good,  and  in  apprecia- 
tion of  his  disinterested  services,  his  fellow- 
townsmen  elected  him,  on  different  occa- 
sions, to  the  highest  office  in  their  gift,  and 
he  accordingly  filled  the  office  of  mayor  in 
the  years  1881,  1882,  and  in  1886.  He 
was  also,  in  1886,  nominated  for  the  On- 
tario legislature  by  the  Liberal-Conserva- 
tives of  East  Simcoe,  but  afterwards  with- 
drew from  the  canvass,  he  having  failed  to 
agree  with  the  party  on  the  "Protestant" 
and  "  Prohibition  "  cries.  Mr.  McCosh  is  a 
rising  man,  and  we  hope  to  see  him  some 
day  in  the  legislature  of  his  country.  He 
is  married  to  Mary  Stanton,  daughter  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Stanton,  postmaster  of 
Paris. 

Norman.  Rev.  Richard  Whit- 
morc,  M.A.,D.C.L.,  Christ  Church  Cathe- 
dral, Montreal,  was  born  at  Southborough, 
Kent,  England,  on  24th  April,  1829.  His 
father  was  Richard  Norman,  merchant,  of 
London,  son  of  George  Norman,  a  large 
landed  proprietor  of  Bromley,  Kent,  Eng- 
land ;  and  his  mother,  Emma  Stone,  was  a 
daughter  of  George  Stone,  of  Chiselhurst, 
Kent,  head  of  the  oldest  private  banking 
house  in  London,  now  Martin  &  Co.,  68 
Lombard  street.  The  subject  of  our  sketch, 
Rev.  Dr.  Norman,  was  educated  at  King's 
College,  London,  and  afterwards  at  Exeter 
College,  Oxford ;  and  was,  in  1852,  ordained 
deacon,  and  priest  in  1853.  He  was  curate 
of  St.  Thomas,  Oxford,  in  1852;  fellow  of 
Radley  College,  1853  ;  fellow  and  head 
master  of  St.  Michael's  College,  Tenbury, 
1857;  and  warden  of  Radley  College,  1861 
to  1866.  In  consequence  of  hard  work 
his  health  became  impaired,  and  he  left 
England  in  1866,  in  the  hope  that  a  short 
sojourn  in  Canada  would  do  him  good. 
He  had  not  been  long  on  this  side  the  At- 
lantic when  his  health  began  to  improve, 
and  family  circumstances  prompted  him  to 
make  Canada  his  future  home.  Previous  to 
his  coming  here  he  had  but  slight  experi- 
ence in  strictly  ministerial  work,  his  princi- 
pal labours  in  England  having  been  con- 
nected with  higher  education  ;  but  since 
then  he  has  heartily  thrown  himself  into 
pastoral  work,  without  having  entirely  aban- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


75 


doned  education.  In  1868  he  was  appointed 
assistant  at  St.  John  the  Evangelist's  Church, 
Montreal;  assistant  at  St.  James  the  Ap- 
ostle's Church,  1872  ;  rector  of  St.  Matthias 
Church,  1883  ;  and  is  now  (1887)  canon 
assistant  of  Christ  Church  Cathedral.  Rev. 
Dr.  Norman  was,  in  1878,  a  member  of  the 
council  and  vice-chancellor  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Bishop's  College;  a  member  of  the 
Protestant  School  Board  in  1879,  and  chair- 
man of  the  same  in  1880;  vice-president  of 
the  Montreal  Art  Association  in  1882,  and 
president  in  1887  ;  vice-president  of  the 
Montreal  Philharmonic  Society  in  1879  ; 
member  of  the  Protestant  Committee  of 
Public  Instruction  in  1883  ;  hon.  clerical 
secretary  of  the  Anglican  Provincial  Synod 
in  1880  ;  and  in  1882  was  elected  a  fellow 
of  McGill  College,  Montreal.  Eev.  Dr. 
Norman  belongs  to  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
and  occupied  the  position  of  worshipful 
master  of  Apollo  University  lodge,  Oxford, 
in  1861-1863,  and  the  same  office  in  Ab- 
ingdon  lodge  in  1864.  He  was  also  emi- 
nent commander  of  encampment  Coeur-de- 
Lion,  Oxford,  1858.  Kev.  Dr.  Norman  has 
published  several  volumes  of  sermons,  and 
various  pamphlets,  which  have  been  well 
received  by  the  public.  He  is  still  in  the 
prime  of  life,  and  we  hope  has  many  years 
of  usefulness  still  before  him.  He  has 
always  been  a  member  of  the  Anglican 
communion,  and  is  unmarried. 

Rice,  Charle§,  Registrar  of  the  High 
Court  of  Justice,  etc.,  Perth,  Ontario,  was 
born  on  the  7th  of  November,  1822,  in  the 
township  of  Drummond,  in  the  county  of 
Lanark,  about  two  miles  from  the  town  of 
Perth,  which  then  contained  but  a  few  log 
buildings  used  chiefly  for  government  stores, 
the  settlement  being  composed  of  discharged 
soldiers  and  their  families  located  by  the 
government  at  the  close  of  the  American 
war  of  1812.  His  father,  John  Rice,  was 
born  in  the  county  Down,  Ireland,  at  or 
near  Newry,  and  was  descended  from  a 
collateral  branch  of  the  Monteagle  family. 
Returning  home  from  school  one  afternoon 
when  about  sixteen  years  old,  he  was  kid- 
napped by  the  press-gang  and  forced  on 
board  a  British  man-of-war  bound  on  a 
cruise  for  the  coast  of  Newfoundland  and 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  He  continued  on 
board  ship  doing  duty  as  a  sailor,  until  the 
American  war  broke  out,  when  he  left  the 
vessel  and  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier  in 
the  Newfoundland  Fencibles  and  took  part 


in  the  battles  of  Chrysler's  Farm,  Stoney 
Creek,  Burlington  Heights,  and  other  en- 
gagements. He  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  sergeant,  was  wounded  at  Burlington 
Heights,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  got  his 
discharge  with  a  pension  and  a  grant  of 
land.  He  had  married  Hannah  Van  Boelerr 
then  the  widow  of  John  Woodlands,  who 
had  been  killed  in  battle.  She  was  born  at 
Annapolis,  Nova  Scotia,  of  Dutch  parents 
who  had  emigrated  from  the  Netherlands 
and  settled  at  Annapolis.  They  were  des- 
cended from  those  sturdy  and  brave  Dutch- 
men who  had  battled  for  their  liberty  for 
forty  years  against  the  colossal  power  of 
Spain  under  Phillip  II.  John  Rice,  through 
hard  work,  had  effected  a  considerable 
clearance  on  his  lot,  and  was  prospering 
apace,  when  one  summer,  at  the  latter  end 
of  August,  the  barn  in  which  all  the  produce 
of  the  farm  had  been  stored,  took  fire  and 
was  burned  down  with  all  its  contents,  and  he 
had  to  run  in  debt  to  the  late  Hon.  R.  Mathe- 
son  for  supplies  to  support  the  family  for 
an  entire  year.  This  debt  accumulated  in 
Matheson's  books  at  compound  interest  at 
ten  per  cent.,  and  in  a  few  years  Matheson 
got  a  deed  of  the  farm,  with  a  verbal  under- 
standing to  re-convey  when  the  debt  should 
be  paid  off,  which  was  never  done  in  the 
lifetime  of  John  Rice.  Born  and  brought 
up  in  a  log  shanty,  in  what  was  then  the 
backwoods,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, Charles 
Rice,  had  but  a  poor  chance  of  getting  any 
education.  There  were  no  public  schools, 
no  free  schools,  in  those  days  ;  and  at  in- 
tervals he  was  sent  to  a  private  school  kept 
in  Perth  by  the  late  Mr.  Hudson,  and  after- 
wards to  another  kept  by  the  late  Dawson 
Kerr.  On  arriving  at  the  age  of  fourteen  Mr. 
Rice  had  been  at  school  for  about  two  years  in 
all,  and  had  only  acquired  some  knowledge 
of  reading,  writing,  and  arithmetic.  When 
about  twelve  years  old,  in  the  month  of 
November,  he  hired  out  at  six  dollars  a 
month  to  burn  coal  to  earn  money  to  buy. 
himself  a  pair  of  boots  for  the  winter.  The 
following  year,  in  the  beginning  of  Decem- 
ber, he  hired  as  bookkeeper  with  Aaron 
Chambers,  who  had  a  lumber  shanty,  taking 
out  oak  timber  near  Peter  McArthur's,  in 
the  township  of  Beckwith.  He  started  on 
foot  and  walked  to  Franktown,  fifteen  miles, 
and  arrived  there  at  dark  only  to  find  that 
he  had  five  miles  farther  to  go  to  reach  the 
shanty,  through  a  section  of  country  and 
bush  roads  that  he  knew  nothing  about  ; 


76 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


but  by  following  closely  the  directions  given 
him,  he  succeeded  in  finding  the  place  some 
two  or  three  hours  after  dark.  This  was 
Saturday  night.  Chambers  had  hired  him 
to  keep  his  books,  and  on  Sunday  informed 
Mm  that  besides  keeping  the  books  he 
would  have  to  cook  for  the  men  and  chop 
the  fire- wood.  This  he  refused  to  do,  and 
on  Monday  morning  left  the  shanty  and 
footed  it  home.  He  continued  to  work 
on  the  farm  until  about  sixteen  years  old, 
when  he  was  apprenticed  to  James  Thomp- 
son (the  present  sheriff ),  to  learn  the  print- 
ing business  in  the  old  Bathurst  Courier 
office  (now  the  Perth  Courier).  This  was 
in  May,  1839.  About  two  years  and  a  half 
after  this,  in  the  beginning  of  winter,  he 
left  the  Courier  office,  took  the  stage  to 
Brockville,  thence  by  stage  to  Kingston 
(there  were  no  railroads  in  those  days),  and 
arrived  there  at  night  penniless  but  not  de- 
spairing. The  Kingston  News  had  just  been 
started  by  S.  and  J.  Rowlands,  and  he  got 
work  on  this  newspaper.  The  following  sum- 
mer he  returned  home,  his  father  having  died 
in  the  meantime,  and  worked  for  about  two 
years  longer  in  the  Courier  office.  Ere  he 
had  been  a  year  in  the  Courier,  for  the  first 
time,  he  became  convinced  that  if  he  was  to 
succeed  in  the  printing  business,  he  must 
acquire  a  better  education  than  he  then  had. 
A  young  lawyer  in  town,  Henry  Sache,  who 
was  sometimes  hard  up  through  nobody's 
fault  but  his  own,  offered  to  sell  him  a  Latin 
dictionary  cheap.  He  closed  the  bargain 
and  bought  it,  and  at  once  determined  to 
study  Latin.  The  reader  will  no  doubt 
smile  when  informed  that  he  commenced 
Ms  studies  by  committing  the  Latin  diction- 
ary to  memory  !  A  few  evenings  afterwards 
Mr.  Sache,  coming  in  and  finding  Mm  intent 
at  the  dictionary,  asked  what  he  was  doing. 
He  replied  that  he  had  commenced  to  study 
Latin,  and  was  learning  the  dictionary  off 
by  heart.  His  visitor  smiled,  and  informed 
him  that  he  would  never  learn  the  language 
that  way — that  he  must  get  a  Latin  gram- 
mar, study  that,  and  then  commence  to 
translate.  But  where  was  he  to  get  a  Latin 
grammar?  Sache  had  sold  his,  and  there 
was  none  for  sale  in  Perth.  The  nearest 
place  was  Brockville  ;  and  so  he  got  the 
stage-driver  on  his  next  trip  to  buy  him 
one  and  bring  it  out,  and  how  he  exulted 
over  the  possession  of  that  book  !  Every 
spare  moment  was  thenceforth  devoted  to 
study,  and  with  some  assistance  that  he  got 


from  Ephraim  Patterson,  who  was 
studying  for  the  church,  he  made  pi 
rapid  progress.  TMs  intercourse  with 
terson  had  induced  in  Mm  a  desire  to  si 
for  the  Church  of  England  ministry, 
talked  the  matter  over  with  the  late  '. 
Michael  Harris,  and  on  a  confirmation 
to  Perth,  he  had  an  interview  with  Bif 
Strachan  on  the  subject.  They  both 
proved  Ms  decision,  and  while  offering  w 
of  encouragement,  pointed  out  the  g 
difficulties  that  would  have  to  be  overc< 
the  subjects  that  would  require  to  be  stu 
and  mastered  before  he  could  take  a  col 
degree  and  qualify  for  holy  orders, 
thing  daunted,  the  young  man  determ 
to  persevere — what  others  had  done  he  c 
do — it  was  only  a  question  of  time, 
now  reduced  his  course  of  studies  to  a 
tern.  He  had  to  work  ten  hours  a  da 
the  printing  office  to  support  Mmself 
he  rose  at  four  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
ter  and  summer,  and  studied  Greek  till 
when  work  commenced  at  type-setting, 
the  breakfast  hour  and  dinner  hour  he 
voted  forty  minutes  of  each  to  the  stud 
Euclid.  From  seven  till  ten  p.m.  was 
voted  to  the  study  of  Latin.  Of  cor 
Ms  health  occasionally  broke  down  ui 
this  severe  strain  and  compelled  a  s 
cessation,  but  only  to  be  resumed  ag 
Kingston  was  the  seat  of  government  v> 
young  Rice  went  there  the  second  time 
got  work  in  the  News  office.  Parliar 
opened  in  the  fall,  and  Dr.  Barker,  of 
British  Whig,  secured  the  contract  for 
government  printing  ;  and  as  he  off 
higher  wages  than  the  News  was  pay 
young  Rice  entered  the  Whig  office  on 
parliamentary  work.  Lord  Metcalfe 
governor  at  the  time,  and  quarrelled  " 
Ms  ministers  (Baldwin,  Lafontaine,  Ro 
etc.),  on  the  question  of  responsible  { 
ernment.  The  ministry  resigned,  parlian 
was  dissolved,  the  work  in  the  Whig  o 
stopped,  and  a  lot  of  journeyman  prinl 
young  Rice  among  the  rest,  were  thrown 
of  work,  and  he  concluded  to  returr 
Perth,  which  at  that  time  and  at  that  se< 
of  the  year  was  no  easy  matter.  A  si 
steamer,  the  last  of  the  season,  was  ad 
tised  to  leave  Kingston  for  Brockville, 
on  this  steamer  he  took  passage  and 
in  the  afternoon,  arriving  in  Brock1 
about  four  o'clock  the  next  morning; 
steamer's  paddle-wheels  having  got  so  c 
ed  with  ice  as  to  render  progress  diffi 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


77 


and  slow.  From  Brockville  lie  took  the 
stage  to  Perth,  a  two- wheeled  cart  drawn 
by  two  horses,  and  the  journey  to  Perth  in 
that  cart  over  rough  and  hard  frozen  roads, 
on  a  cold  December  day,  was  one  not  soon 
to  be  forgotten.  Once  more  in  Perth,  he 
engaged  with  Mr.  Thompson  to  work  on  the 
Courier  hah*  time,  an  arrangement  which 
just  suited  him,  as  it  gave  him  means  enough 
to  live  on,  and  afforded  ample  time  to  pur- 
sue his  studies.  And  here  it  may  be  as 
well  to  mention  that  while  living  in  Kings- 
ton, a  Frenchman  from  Paris,  who  was  giv- 
ing private  lessons  in  French  in  the  city, 
came  to  board  in  the  same  house.  This  was  an 
opportunity  not  to  be  lost,  and  young  Bice 
at  once  entered  on  the  study  of  the  French 
language,  and  worked  at  it  diligently  every 
evening  after  tea  ;  and  when  he  left  Kings- 
ton six  months  after,  he  could  read,  write, 
and  speak  French  with  tolerable  fluency. 
The  arrangement  with  Mr.  Thompson  was 
only  temporary,  as  Mr.  Thompson  entered 
upon  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  the 
late  W.  O.  BueU,  and  took  Mr.  Bice  into 
partnership  to  manage  and  conduct  the 
Courier  business,  as  Mr.  Thompson's  name 
had  to  be  dropped  from  the  paper  on  sign- 
ing articles  as  a  law  student.  At  this  time 
Mr.  Bice  entered  upon  his  career  as  a  jour- 
nalist, his  political  articles,  however,  being 
revised  by  Mr.  Thompson.  The  partner- 
ship continued  until  the  first  of  January, 
1852,  when  Mr.  Thompson,  having  been 
appointed  sheriff  of  the  county  of  Lanark, 
sold  out  the  Courier  printing  office  to  Mr. 
Bice,  who  continued  to  publish  and  edit 
the  paper,  having  changed  the  name  to  the 
Perth  Courier,  until  the  first  of  January, 
1863,  when  he  sold  out  to  the  late  G.  L. 
Walker,  brother  of  the  present  publisher 
and  editor,  Jas.  M.  Walker,  and  thenceforth 
ceased  all  connection  with  political  journal- 
ism. In  May,  1862,  the  Canadian  parlia- 
ment was  in  session  in  Quebec,  and  Sir 
John  A.  Macdonald's  ministry  was  defeated 
by  a  small  majority,  and  the  late  John  San- 
field  Macdonald  was  called  upon  to  found 
a  new  ministry,  which  he  succeeded  in  doing. 
At  this  time  the  office  of  County  Court  clerk, 
deputy-clerk  of  the  Crown,  and  registrar  of 
Surrogate  Court  was  vacant  by  the  death  of 
the  late  C.  H.  Sache.  On  the  change  of 
government,  and  the  reform  party  coming 
into  power,  Mr.  Bice  at  once  applied  for  the 
office,  and  on  the  10th  of  June  was  ap- 
pointed to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  which  office 


he  still  holds  (May,  1886).  In  1864  Mr. 
Bice  was  appointed  by  the  Hon.  John  San- 
field  Macdonald  to  the  commission  of  the 
peace.  In  1856  he  bought  out  the  book 
and  stationery  store  of  Wm.  Allan,  but  after 
continuing  the  business  for  two  years,  and 
finding  it  did  not  succeed  to  his  satisfaction, 
wound  it  up  and  again  confined  his  atten- 
tion exclusively  to  the  newspaper  business. 
During  his  connection  with  the  press,  Mr. 
Bice  was  a  strong  and  pronounced  advocate 
of  reform  principles  and  responsible  govern- 
ment, his  political  editorials  on  the  ques- 
tions of  the  day  being  often  copied  into  other 
journals.  The  legislative  union  between 
Upper  and  Lower  Canada  did  not  work 
well,  owing  to  differences  in  sectional  in- 
terests, race  and  religion.  Among  the  many 
schemes  proposed  to  make  the  machinery 
of  government  work  more  smoothly,  and 
allay  sectional  jealousies,  was  the  one  known 
as  the  "  double  majority  "  principle,  advo- 
cated by  John  Sanfield  Macdonald,  and  op- 
posed by  George  Brown  and  the  Globe. 
Mr.  Macdonald's  scheme  was  that  all  mea- 
sures purely  local  to  Lower  Canada  should 
be  dealt  with  by  Lower  Canadian  members 
exclusively  ;  and  those  purely  local  to  Up- 
per Canada,  by  Upper  Canada  members 
exclusively  ;  while  general  measures  affect- 
ing the  whole  province  should  be  dealt 
with  by  the  united  parliament  as  a  whole: 
Mr.  Bice,  in  the  editorial  columns  of  the 
Courier,  supported  Mr.Macdonald's  scheme. 
Confederation  came  shortly  after,  and  partly 
solved  the  problem.  During  his  connection 
with  the  press,  Mr.  Bice  took  an  active  part 
in  all  the  election  contests  and  political 
movements  in  the  county  of  Lanark.  He 
gave  the  influence  of  the  paper  in  support- 
ing the  Brockville  and  Ottawa  Bailway 
scheme,  which  has  since  developed  into  the 
great  Canadian  Pacific  Bailway.  He  was 
the  first  to  advocate  the  construction  of 
plank  roads  in  the  county  of  Lanark,  re- 
sulting in  the  formation  of  a  company,  and 
making  the  plank  road  from  Perth  to  Lanark, 
which  has  since  become  macadamised.  He 
was  ever  foremost  in  advocating  schemes  of 
public  enterprise  and  improvement.  Since 
his  retirement  from  journalism,  Mr.  Bice 
has  contributed  several  articles  on  various 
subjects  of  a  non-political  nature  to  the 
public  press,  which  have  appeared  in  the 
Liberal,  the  National,  the  Week,  the  Globe, 
Canadian  Monthly,  and  local  papers.  Pro- 
bably those  that  have  attracted  most  atten- 


78 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


tion  are  his  articles  against  prohibitory 
liquor  laws,  and  notably,  the  Scott  Act. 
Mr.  Rice  was  brought  up  in  the  Church  of 
England  faith,  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  M. 
Harris,  and  confirmed  by  Bishop  Strachan. 
He  was  a  constant  attendant  at  that  church, 
but  his  outspoken  advocacy  of  reform  prin- 
ciples in  his  newspaper  exasperated  some  of 
the  more  hot-headed  tories  ;  and  one  Sun- 
day morning,  on  going  to  church,  he  was 
confronted  with  a  placard  stuck  up  on  the 
church  door  denouncing  and  libelling  him 
on  account  of  his  political  opinions.  He 
never  entered  the  church  again,  and  joined 
the  Presbyterian  Free  church.  While  pur- 
suing his  studies  for  the  ministry  he  had 
access  to  the  theological  library  of  the  Eev. 
M.  Harris,  and  read  the  best  standard  works 
on  church  history  and  Christian  evidences, 
as  well  as  the  doctrinal  standards  of  the 
church.  The  evidence  and  arguments  con- 
tained in  these  works,  however,  did  not 
satisfy  him — he  felt  that  there  was  a  weak- 
ness and  a  want  running  through  them — 
something  ignored  that  ought  to  have  ap- 
peared ;  and  he  determined  to  see  and  know 
the  other  side  and  sift  the  matter  to  the 
bottom.  With  this  view,  he  purchased  and 
read  the  latest  modern  works  on  Christian 
evidences  and  Biblical  criticism — Strauss, 
Renan,  the  Jubingen  school,  Dr.  Davidson, 
Mackay,  Kimberly,  Greig,  and  many  others; 
and  the  scientific  works  of  Darwin,  Spencer, 
Huxly,  Lyell,  Tyndall,  Buchner,  Heckel, 
Combe,  Lubbick,  Fiske,  and  many  others, 
and  finally,  after  many  years  of  study  and 
research,  settled  down  into  a  confirmed 
Agnostic.  The  knowledge  he  had  acquired 
of  the  Latin,  Greek,  and  French  languages 
was  of  great  service  to  him  in  his  reading 
and  studies.  On  the  18th  of  April,  1848, 
he  married  Grace  Murray,  daughter  of  the 
late  James  Murray,  a  native  of  Paisley, 
Scotland,  who  had  emigrated  to  this  coun- 
try and  settled  in  the  township  of  Lanark. 
Brought  up  in  the  backwoods  like  himself, 
her  educational  acquirements  were  not 
much,  and,  like  himself,  she  was  chiefly  self- 
taught  ;  but  she  naturally  possessed  more 
than  an  average  share  of  strong,  sound,  prac- 
tical common  sense — invaluable  qualities  in 
a  woman  ;  and  her  sound,  sensible  advice 
prudently  given  and  judiciously  acted  upon 
many  times  proved  of  great  value  to  her 
husband  in  surmounting  business  difficulties. 
Five  children  were  born  of  the  marriage,  two 
sons  and  three  danffhtfyrs.  The  oldest  son. 


John  Albert,  grew  up  to  be  a  young  m 
of  promise.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  w 
attending  the  Military  School  at  Toron! 
when  the  Fenian  raid  occurred,  and  acco] 
panied  the  volunteers  to  Ridgeway.  ( 
their  return  to  Toronto  he  was  present 
by  the  volunteers  with  a  silver-headed  car 
with  suitable  inscription,  as  a  token  of  th< 
appreciation  of  the  services  he  had  rer 
ered.  He  afterwards  published  and  edit 
the  Paris  Transcript,  in  the  county 
Brant,  for  about  two  years,  but  failii 
health  compelled  him  to  abandon  it,  a: 
shortly  after  his  return  home  he  died.  O 
daughter,  Jeanetta,  died  at  the  age  of  foi 
teen  of  heart  disease.  The  oldest  daught 
Carrie  Elizabeth,  married  Joseph  Lamoi 
proprietor  of  the  Headquarters  hotel  in  t 
city  of  Fargo,  Dakota,  where  the  young< 
daughter,  Ida,  in  November,  1883,  di 
from  accidental  poisoning,  on  the  eve 
her  marriage  to  Charles  Scott,  now  may 
of  the  city  of  Fargo.  The  youngest  sc 
James  M.,  is  working  at  the  printing  bu 
ness  in  Chicago.  So  that  all  Mr.  Rid 
posterity  seem  destined  to  be  citizens  of  t 
United  States.  Unaided  and  unassist 
from  any  person  or  any  quarter,  by  indoi 
itable  perseverance  and  a  determination 
succeed,  Mr.  Rice  worked  his  way  up  frc 
a  log  shanty  in  the  woods  to  his  prese 
position  of  local  registrar  of  the  High  Coi 
of  Justice.  He  never  wholly  failed  in  an 
thing  he  undertook  to  do.  If  he  had 
cross  a  mountain  and  could  not  climb  it, 
would  go  around.  Although  it  is  twent 
three  years  since  he  retired  from  journalis 
Mr.  Rice's  name  is  still  retained  on  t 
books  of  the  Canadian  Press  Association. 
Taylor,  Henry,  Hardware  Mercha] 
Perth,  Ontario,  one  of  our  young  and  pus 
ing  business  men,  was  born  in  Edinburg 
Scotland,  on  the  9th  of  June,  1845.  I 
father  was  Robert  Taylor,  merchant,  Edi 
burgh  ;  and  his  mother,  Margaret,  eld( 
daughter  of  William  Darling,  also  a  m< 
chant  in  Edinburgh.  Mr.  Taylor,  jr.,  w 
educated  at  private  schools  in  his  nati 
city,  and  received  a  sound  mercantile  ed 
cation.  His  father  died  when  he  was  abo 
ten  years  of  age,  and  on  the  death  of  1 
mother  in  the  spring  of  1863  he,  along  wi 
his  brother  William  (now  a  merchant 
Toronto),  arrived  in  Montreal.  Until  18 
he  held  positions  in  several  of  the  leadii 
hardware  houses  there,  when  he  purchas 
t,hp,  hardware  business  in  Perth,  oountv 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


79 


Lanark,  which  he  is  now  successfully  carry- 
ing on.  Mr.  Taylor,  for  six  years,  belonged 
to  the  Victoria  Rifles,  Montreal,  and  served 
with  his  corps  at  Huntingdon,  Quebec  pro- 
vince, during  the  Fenian  troubles  of  1866. 
In  politics  Mr.  Taylor  is  a  Eeformer  ;  and 
in  religion  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  He  was  married,  in  Montreal,  on 
the  5th  November,  1868,  to  Sarah  A.,  eldest 
daughter  of  Eev.  Samuel  Massey,  and  has 
a  family  of  seven  children,  five  daughters 
and  two  sons. 

Milligan,  Rev.  George  Macbeth, 
B.A.,  Pastor  of  Old  St.  Andrew's  Presby- 
terian Church,  Toronto.  This  rising  and 
popular  divine  was  born  at  Wick,  Caithness- 
shire,  Scotland,  on  the  llth  of  August,  1841, 
and  when  a  .mere  lad  came  to  Canada,  and 
shortly  after  his  arrival  the  family  made 
Kingston  their  home.  His  parents  were 
William  Milligan  and  Catharine  Macbeth. 
George  received  the  first  rudiments  of  his 
education  at  Pulteney  Academy,  Wick,  and 
for  some  time  after  his  arrival  in  this  coun- 
try he  devoted  himself  to  mechanical  pur- 
suits, but  finding  his  inclinations  lay  in 
another  direction,  resolved  to  educate  him- 
self for  the  ministry,  and  with  this  object 
in  view  he  entered  Queen's  College,  King- 
ston, and  from  this  seat  of  learning  he 
graduated  in  1862,  taking  the  first  place  in 
all  his  classes,  and  highest  honours  as  a 
B.A.  On  the  4th  of  February,  1868,  he  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry,  and  his  first  charge 
was  at  English  Settlement,  about  fourteen 
miles  distant  from  London,  Ontario,  and 
in  this  charge  he  remained  until  July,  1869, 
when  he  was  called  to  Detroit.  Here  he 
laboured  until  the  fall  of  1876,  doing  good 
work  for  the  Master,  and  making  for  him- 
self many  friends  in  the  church,  which  in  a 
great  degree  was  built  up  under  his  pas- 
torate. In  1876  Old  St.  Andrew's  Church, 
Toronto,  was  without  a  pastor,  and  the 
members  invited  the  young  preacher  to  cast 
in  his  lot  with  them.  He  therefore  left  De- 
troit and  came  to  Toronto,  and  in  October 
of  that  year  he  took  charge  of  the  congre- 
gation. At  this  time  Old  St.  Andrew's 
Church  was  in  a  weak  condition,  the  greater 
part  of  its  members  having  left  the  old 
building  and  gone  with  the  Bev.  Mr.  Mac- 
donnell,  who  for  several  years  had  preached 
in  it,  to  the  new  St.  Andrew's  Church,  erected 
on  the  corner  of  King  and  Simcoe  streets. 
Therefore  Mr.  Milligan  had  a  hard  task  be- 

fnrA  Vn'm    Vm^,  IIA    rpsnlvAfl    t,n    rln    Vn's  Viftst,  fn 


keep  together  the  members  that  remained 
in  the  old  church  edifice,  which  was  situ- 
ated on  the  corner  of  Church  and  Adelaide 
streets.  At  this  time  the  membership  only 
numbered  forty-eight  persons,  but  he  went 
to  work,  and  in  a  very  short  time  enthused 
his  people  to  such  an  extent — the  member- 
ship and  congregation  having  considerably 
increased  in  the  meantime — that  they  re- 
solved to  abandon  the  old  building  and 
erect  a  more  handsome  one  on  the  corner  of 
Jarvis  and  Carlton  streets,  which  was  soon 
done,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Milligan  had  the 
satisfaction  of  taking  possession  of  the  new 
pulpit  in  March,  1878.  Since  then  every- 
thing has  progressed  most  satisfactorily, 
and  he  can  now  boast  of  having  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  influential  congregations 
in  the  city.  Its  present  membership  is  500, 
and  last  year  the  congregation  raised,  for 
aU  purposes,  $15,000.  But  Eev.  Mr.  Milli- 
gan did  not  confine  himself  entirely  to  his 
duties  as  pastor.  He  found  the  Ministerial 
Association  in  a  very  languid  condition, 
and  he  resolved  to  raise  it  to  more  vigorous 
action.  He  was  elected  its  president  dur- 
ing the  second  year  of  its  existence,  and 
under  his  presidency  it  began  to  be  recog- 
nised as  a  power  for  good  in  the  community, 
and  to-day  it  exerts  an  influence  far  beyond 
its  narrow  city  bounds.  He  has  also  been 
connected  in  Toronto  with  various  other 
public  associations,  such  as  temperance, 
and  that  for  the  suppression  of  crime.  He 
was  for  years  one  of  the  examiners  in  con- 
nection with  the  intermediate  examinations; 
has  been  invited  by  the  trustees  of  Queen's 
College,  Kingston,  to  become  lecturer  on 
Church  history  ;  and  for  a  long  time  has 
occupied  a  position  in  the  Senate  of  Knox 
College,  and  taken  a  prominent  part  as  an 
examiner  in  the  same  institution.  During 
the  election  campaign  in  Ontario,  in  1886, 
he  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  discussion 
then  raging  with  regard  to  Roman  Catholic 
interference  in  the  Central  prison,  and  in 
educational  matters  in  our  public  schools, 
and  helped  to  clear  the  atmosphere,  to  a 
considerable  degree,  of  the  fog  some  of  our 
politicians  attempted  to  introduce  into  the 
controversy.  Rev.  Mr.  Milligan,  though  a 
busy  man,  often  finds  time  to  communicate 
his  thoughts  through  the  columns  of  the 
newspapers  and  magazines,  and  a  short 
time  ago  the  Executive  committee  of  the 
Foreign  Mission  Board  of  his  church  in- 

rhinfirl  him  t,n  •nrrifft  a  sorips  nf   Iftttfvrs  to  tVift 


80 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Globe  on  the  foreign  mission  work  of  the 
Presbyterian  Churah,  which  attracted  con- 
siderable attention  at  the  time.  Several  of 
his  sermons  have  been  published,  and  have 
been  well  received,  and  his  articles  on  scien- 
tific and  ecclesiastical  subjects  in  the  maga- 
zines always  find  readers.  During  his 
summer  vacations  he  frequently  visits  Bri- 
tain. In  1881  he  made  an  extensive  tour 
through  Europe,  first  visiting  Britain,  and 
penetrating  as  far  north  as  John  o'  Groat's, 
which,  by  the  way,  is  not  very  far  from 
where  he  was  born,  and  then  travelled 
through  France  from  Dieppe  to  Marseilles, 
along  the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean 
through  Cannes  to  Geneva,  where  he  re- 
mained some  time,  and  afterwards  visited 
Paris,  Pisa,  Florence,  Venice  and  Milan. 
While  on  this  trip  he  took  copious  notes  of 
what  he  saw,  and  afterwards  embodied  them 
in  a  course  of  lectures  which  he  delivered 
in  Toronto,  and  other  places  in  Ontario,  to 
large  and  appreciative  audiences.  He  is 
also  familiar  with  the  greater  portion  of  the 
Dominion  from  Prince  Edward  Island  to 
Calgary  in  the  North-West  Territory.  Rev. 
Mr.  Milligan,  it  is  needless  to  say,  has  been 
from  his  youth  up  a  Presbyterian,  and  is 
conservative  in  some  of  his  views  on  theo- 
logy ;  yet  he  is  in  deep  sympathy  with  many 
of  the  other  branches  of  the  Christian 
church.  On  the  19th  November,  1867,  he 
was  married  to  Harriet  Eunice  Rowse,  of 
Bath,  Ontario.  This  lady  is  descended 
from  the  U.  E.  loyalists,  who  settled  on  the 
Bay  of  Quint^,  and  her  grandfather  was  one 
of  the  elders  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  McDowell,  the 
founder  of  Presbyterianism  in  Western  Can- 
ada. The  fruit  of  the  union  is  one  son  and 
three  daughters. 

Wilson,  Rev.  Robert,  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  was  born  on  the  18th  of  Febru- 
ary, 1833,  in  Fort  George,  Scotland.  His 
father,  Peter  Wilson,  was  a  sergeant  in  the 
93rd  Highlanders,  and  saw  service  during 
the  reigns  of  Kings  George  IV.,  William 
IV.,  and  Queen  Victoria.  He  came  to  Can- 
ada with  his  regiment  previous  to  the  re- 
bellion of  1837-38,  and  helped  as  a  true 
British  soldier  to  suppress  it.  At  Toronto, 
in  1841,  he  got  his  discharge,  and  then  went 
to  Prince  Edward  Island,  where  he  resided 
until  his  death.  He  was  for  many  years  a 
Methodist  local  preacher,  and  died  on  the 
24th  of  April,  1883,  Robert  received  his 
educational  training  at  the  public  school, 
New  Glasgow  Road,  and  at  the  Central 


Academy,  Charlottetown  (now  the  Prince 
of  Wales  College).  After  leaving  school 
he  adopted  the  profession  of  teacher,  and 
taught  a  district  school  for  some  years. 
During  this  time,  and  since,  he  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  everything  that  has  a  ten- 
dency to  elevate  his  fellow  man — politics, 
temperance,  and  religion.  He  was  foremost 
in  the  advocacy  of  the  confederation  of  the 
provinces,  using  the  platform  and  the  press 
in  its  advocacy,  of  temperance,  in  divisions 
and  the  lodge-room,  having  held  the  position 
of  W.  P.  in  the  Sons  of  Temperance,  and 
W.  C.  and  chaplain  in  the  Order  of  Good 
Templars ;  and  of  religion  by  his  pulpit  min- 
istrations and  practical  Christian  life.  Rev. 
Mr.  Wilson  is  a  warm  advocate  of  Imperial 
federation,  having  been  one  of  the  first,  if 
not  the  very  first,  in  the  Maritime  provinces 
to  press  it  upon  the  public  attention.  As  a 
writer  and  lecturer  on  secular  subjects  he 
occupies  a  front  position.  His  lectures  rank 
high  as  thoughtful  literary  efforts,  and  his 
sermons  are  generally  admired.  In  short, 
there  is  no  minister  of  any  denomination 
down  by  the  sea  who  has  more  friends 
within  and  beyond  his  own  church,  or  who 
so  frequently  and  cheerfully  responds  to  the 
calls  of  lecture  committees.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Wilson  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and 
had  editorial  charge  of  The  New  Brunswick 
Reporter,  of  The  Albert  County  Advocate, 
and  The  Maple  Leaf.  He  has  also  for 
years  been  a  regular  contributor  to  several 
newspapers.  He  has  written  and  published 
several  books,  among  others,  "  Tried  but 
True,"  300  pages  ;  and  "  Never  Give  Up," 
300  pages  (works  well  spoken  of  by  the 
provincial  press),  besides,  "  Judea  and  the 
Jews,"  "British  North  America,"  and  "Bri- 
tain among  the  Nations,"  in  pamphlet  form. 
He  has  travelled  extensively  through  Can- 
ada, New  England,  and  as  a  Dominion  im- 
migration agent  in  Great  Britain.  Mr. 
Wilson  was  brought  up  in  the  faith  of  the 
Kirk  of  Scotland,  but  since  1851  he  has 
been  connected  with  the  Methodist  church. 
He  entered  the  ministry  in  1853,  and  has 
been  chairman  of  the  Sackville  and  St. 
John  districts  of  the  New  Brunswick  Con- 
ference, Secretary  of  the  conference  for  five 
sessions,  and  first  delegate  in  the  General 
conference  held  in  Toronto  in  1886.  He 
was  strongly  opposed  to  the  basis  of  union 
by  which  the  various  Methodist  bodies  were 
made  one,  especially  to  the  general  super- 
intendency,  because  of  its  tendencies  to  Pre- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


81 


lacy,  and  its  curtailment  of  the  privileges 
of  the  Annual  conference.  He  believed  in 
the  unification  of  the  non-Episcopal  Meth- 
odist churches,  but  thought  it  wiser  to  al- 
low the  Episcopal  to  work  out  their  destiny 
in  their  own  way,  than  to  grant  the  con- 
cession demanded,  which  meant  the  com- 
plete revolutionizing  of  the  Wesleyan  econ- 
omy. Eev.  Mr.  Wilson  was  married  on  the 
7th  of  February,  1856,  to  Mary  Anne  Lane, 
daughter  of  William  Ford,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  formerly  of  King's  Ash,  Devonshire, 
England.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  five 
daughters  and  one  son.  The  latter,  Albert 
Edward,  is  an  officer  in  the  postal  service 
at  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick.  We  may 
add  that  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wilson  was  elected 
president  of  the  New  Brunswick  and  Prince 
Edward  Island  Conference  in  June,  1887. 

Wall i«,  Herbert,  Montreal,  Mechan- 
ical Superintendent  of  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  of  Canada,  was  born  at  Derby, 
England,  on  March  10th,  1844,  and  comes 
of  a  family  long  resident  in  Derby,  whose 
head  was  for  several  generations  engaged 
in  the  business  of  stage-coaching.  His 
father,  William  Wallace  Wallis,  abandoned 
the  business  on  the  advent  of  railways,  and 
became  one  of  the  carriers  or  cartage  agents 
of  the  Midland  Railway,  from  which  he  re- 
tired, in  favour  of  one  of  his  sons,  some 
years  prior  to  his  death.  Herbert  Wallis 
was  educated  at  the  Commercial  College, 
near  Halifax,  England,  and  here  he  was 
specially  trained  in  that  branch  of  the  en- 
gineering profession  which  he  now  follows. 
On  the  completion  of  his  education  he  en- 
tered the  service  of  the  Midland  Railway 
Company  as  a  pupil  of  Matthew  Kirtley, 
then  locomotive  superintendent,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  drawing  office  and  work- 
shops of  that  railway  at  Derby  till  August, 
1866,  at  which  date  he  was  appointed  fore- 
man of  the  locomotive  and  carriage  depart- 
ments at  Bradford,  Yorkshire.  In  March, 
1871,  he  accepted  the  position  offered  to 
him  by  Mr.  Richard  Potter  (the  then  presi- 
dent), of  assistant  mechanical  superinten- 
dent of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  Company, 
and  sailed  for  Montreal  on  May  4th  of  that 
year  ;  and  in  January,  1873,  he  was  ap- 
pointed chief  mechanical  superintendent. 
Mr.  Wallis  is  a  member  of  the  Institution  of 
Civil  Engineers,  and  of  the  Institution  of 
Mechanical  Engineers  of  England,  and  one 
of  the  council  of  the  Canadian  Society  of 
Civil  Engineers.  He  is  a  staunch  supporter 


of  the  Church  of  England.  He  married 
Mary  Ellen,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
Thomas  Walklate,  formerly  goods  manager 
of  the  Midland  Railway  Company,  in  Au- 
gust, 1870. 

Long,  Thomas  Merchant,  Colling- 
wood,  county  of  Simcoe,  Ontario,  was  born 
in  the  county  of  Limerick,  Ireland,  on  the 
7th  of  April,  1836,  and  is  the  son  of  Thomas 
and  Margaret  Long.  After  procuring  such 
education  as  he  was  able  at  the  national 
school  of  his  native  village,  he  emigrated  to 
this  country  when  he  was  fourteen  years  old, 
arriving  in  the  year  1850,  and  apprenticed 
himself  to  the  general  mercantile  business 
with  P.  O'Shea,  of  Mono  Centre,  for  a  term 
of  three  years,  during  which  he  acquired 
such  further  educational  advantages  as  could 
be  obtained  from  time  to  time  by  attendance 
at  the  public  school  and  by  private  study. 
On  the  expiration  of  his  engagement  with 
Mr.  O'Shea,  in  the  spring  of  1853,  Mr.  Long 
came  to  Nottawasaga,  and  worked  on  the 
Northern  Railway,  then  under  construction, 
for  about  twelve  months,  after  which  he  ob- 
tained another  situation  in  a  general  store, 
which  he  held  up  to  the  1st  of  December, 
1858,  when  he  embarked  on  his  own  account 
as  a  general  merchant  and  buyer  of  grain 
and  produce.  In  1865  he  was  joined  by 
his  brother,  John  Joseph  Long,  and  the 
firm  thus  formed  traded  under  the  style  of 
T.  Long  &  Brother.  In  1868  a  branch 
store  was  opened  at  Stayner,  Simcoe  county, 
and  the  business  was  carried  on  in  this 
place  under  the  name  of  Long  Brothers  & 
Gartlan,  and  in  1870  another  branch  was 
opened  at  Thornbury,  Grey  county.  This 
enterprising  firm,  of  which  Thomas  Long 
is  now  the  senior  partner,  soon  developed 
a  wholesale  trade,  and  they  became  large 
direct  importers,  which  has  since  necessi- 
tated frequent  visits  of  Mr.  Long  and  his 
partners  to  the  markets  of  Europe.  In 
1871  they  erected  fine  new  premises  at  Col- 
lingwood,  which  were  unfortunately  de- 
stroyed by  fire  in  September,  1881,  only, 
however,  to  be  replaced  by  more  commo- 
dious premises,  in  which  the  firm  now  carries 
on  its  principal  business.  In  1874  the  firm 
erected,  in  connection  with  their  business 
operations  at  Stayner,  a  flour  mill,  which 
proved  a  successful  venture.  Mr.  Long  has 
always  taken  the  lead  in  all  local  enterprises 
carried  on  with  the  view  of  developing  the 
business  of  the  town  and  port  of  Colling- 
wood.  He  was  associated  as  stockholder 


82 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


and  director  with  the  late  F.  W.  Cumber- 
land, W.  E.  Sandford,  and  others  in  the 
establishment  of  the  Lake  Superior  Naviga- 
tion Company,  which  built  the  first  steamer 
— The  Cumberland — which  traded  with  the 
Lake  Superior  ports.  He  was  also  one  of 
the  leading  promoters  of  the  Georgian  Bay 
Transportation  Company,  and  has  otherwise 
greatly  helped  to  promote  the  lake  trade 
of  his  adopted  country.  Mr.  Long  served 
seven  years  in  the  town  council,  and  eight 
years  as  a  member  of  the  Ontario  legisla- 
ture, in  the  Conservative  interest,  and  is  at 
present  president  of  the  North  Simcoe  Con- 
servative Association.  In  addition  to  his 
business  connection  with  the  firm  of  T.  Long 
&  Bro.,  he  has  also  the  honours  and  responsi- 
bilities of  the  following  public  offices :  vice- 
president  and  managing  director  of  the  Mer- 
ritton  Cotton  Mill  Company,  Merriton  ;  di- 
rector of  the  Bank  of  London  in  Canada; 
secretary-treasurer  of  the  Great  Northern 
Transit  Company ;  president  of  the  Farmers' 
North- West  Land  and  Colonization  Com- 
pany ;  and  president  of  the  Great  Northern 
Exhibition  Company.  Mr.  Long  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  He  was 
married  on  the  13th  of  May,  1861,  to  Ann 
Patton,  daughter  of  the  late  Charles  Patton, 
builder,  of  Collingwood,  by  whom  he  has 
had  fourteen  children,  of  whom  six  are  now 
living — three  sons  and  three  daughters. 

Hall,  Franci§  Alexander,  Barrister, 
Perth,  Ontario,  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Perth,  county  of  Lanark,  Ontario,  on  9th 
August,  1843.  His  father,  Francis  HaU, 
was  a  native  of  Clackmannanshire,  Scotland, 
who  came  to  Canada  in  1831,  and  settled  in 
Lanark.  His  mother,  Mary  McDonnell, 
was  also  a  native  of  Scotland,  having  been 
born  in  Greenock.  Francis  Alexander  Hall 
received  his  education  at  the  Perth  Public 
and  Grammar  schools.  After  leaving  school 
he  spent  about  a  year  and  a-half  as  a  clerk 
with  a  general  merchant,  but  disliking  the 
business  he  resolved  to  make  law  his  pro- 
fession, and  with  this  object  in  view  entered, 
in  1860,  the  law  office  of  the  late  W.  M. 
Shaw,  of  Perth.  Here  he  prosecuted  his 
studies,  and  in  August,  1866,  was  admitted 
as  an  attorney,  and  in  May,  1868,  was  called 
to  the  bar.  In  November,  1867,  he  entered 
into  partnership  with  Mr.  Shaw,  but  this 
gentleman  having  died  in  December  30, 
1868,  Mr.  Hall  continued  the  business.  In 
October,  1875,  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
Edward  Elliott,  under  the  name  of  Hall  and 


i  Elliott ;  but  this  arrangement  only  continued 
until  October,  1878,  when  Mr.  Elliott  retired. 
In  April,  1885,  he  took  J.  W.  Berryman 
into  partnership,  but  this  partner  dying  in 
November,  1885,  he  once  more  conducts  the 
business  on  his  own  account.  Mr.  Hall  was 
made  a  Mason  in  True  Britains'  lodge,  No, 
12,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  in  April,  1872.  He  is 
one  of  the  charter  members  of  Perth  lodge, 
No.  190,  A.O.U.W.,  and  was  elected  master 
this  year  (1887).  Mr.  HaU  has  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  educational  matters,  and 
was  elected  a  High  School  trustee  in  1870. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation of  Perth  since  1870,  and  is  now 
chairman  of  that  board.  He  has  also  taken 
an  interest  in  municipal  matters,  and  oc- 
cupied a  seat  in  the  town  council  in  1873r 
1874,  1875  and  1876,  and  was  mayor  of 
Perth  in  1881  and  1882.  Mr.  HaU  has 
always  been  a  Conservative  in  politics  ;  and 
in  religion  he  belongs  to  the  Episcopal 
denomination.  He  is  married  to  Harriet 
Frances,  daughter  of  Lewis  Dunham,  a 
descendant  of  a  U.  E.  loyalist  who  settled 
near  Maitland. 

Wild,  Rev.  Joseph,  M.A.,  D.D.,  Pas- 
tor of  Bond  street  Congregational  Church, 
Toronto,  was  born  at  Summit,  Littleborough, 
Lancastershire,  England,  on  the  16th  of 
November,  1834.  He  was  the  youngest  of 
five  children.  His  father,  Joseph  Wild, 
was  one  of  the  best  of  men — a  thorough 
practical  Christian,  who  was  respected  by 
all  classes  of  the  community  in  which  he 
lived.  It  was  a  notable  fact  that  no  one 
passed  from  time  to  eternity  without  the 
prayers  of  Joseph  Wild  first  being  sought, 
and  no  funeral  was  considered  complete 
without  his  being  present  at  the  ceremony. 
He  dressed  plainly,  following  the  style  of 
Bourne  and  Clowes,  and  other  noted  found- 
ers of  the  Primitive  Methodist  church.  In 
manner  he  was  simple,  easily  approached, 
kind,  sympathetic,  generous,  and  affection- 
ate. His  greatest  concern  seemed  to  be 
for  children  and  aged  people,  and  on  aU 
occasions  he  had  a  kind  word  to  say  to  them 
as  he  passed  through  the  streets  or  from  his 
home  to  the  chapel.  As  a  preacher  he  was 
plain  and  conversational,  his  object  seeming 
to  be  to  show  the  best  and  nearest  way  to 
Heaven  without  the  interposition  of  too 
many  stiles.  When  he  died  his  funeral  was 
the  largest  ever  seen  in  the  village,  and  to 
this  day  his  memory  is  revered.  Bev.  Dr. 
Wild's  mother  was  a  kind  and  quiet  woman ? 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


83 


and  lived  to  do  her  duty  to  God  and  her 
household,  set  her  children  a  good  example, 
and  died  in  the  favour  and  affection  of  her 
neighbours  and  kinsfolk.  Coming  from 
such  a  stock,  we  need  not  wonder  that  the 
doctor  should  now  possess  such  a  power  in 
the  pulpit  and  among  the  people.  At  an 
early  age  he  began  to  earn  a  livelihood,  and 
was  apprenticed  to  the  business  of  iron 
moulder  and  machinist.  It  is  perhaps  in 
consequence  of  the  knowledge  acquired  in 
the  workshop  that  he  is  now  enabled  to  give 
occasionally  such  plain  and  practical  illus- 
trations, as  the  following  will  show:  While 
he  resided  in  Belleville,  a  fire  having  broken 
out,  the  fire  engine  would  not  work,  and 
every  one  in  the  neighbourhood  got  alarmed 
and  feared  an  explosion  of  steam — even  the 
engineer  deserted  his  post,  and  left  the 
machine  to  its  fate.  The  doctor,  however,  felt 
no  alarm,  and  going  to  the  engine  made  an 
examination  and  found  that  the  piston  rod 
had  stuck,  and  at  once  put  it  to  rights  amidst 
the  applause  of  the  multitude,  and  for  this 
the  mayor  and  corporation  passed  him  a 
hearty  vote  of  thanks.  Rev.  Dr.  Wild, 
although  he  had  not  all  the  educational 
advantages  the  young  people  of  this  coun- 
try have,  yet  he  was  always  considered 
sharp  and  intelligent,  and  when  first  licensed 
as  a  local  preacher,  was  able  to  give  the 
people  something  worth  listening  to.  He 
was  possessed  of  indomitable  perseverance, 
and  early  adopted  the  motto,  "  What  man 
has  done,  man  can  do  again."  Possessed 
of  an  active  brain,  quick  perception,  a  strong 
physical  constitution,  and  a  warm  heart, 
England  became  too  contracted  for  him, 
and  he  felt  that  Canada  alone  would  be 
sufficient  to  satisfy  his  wishes  and  desires 
for  thorough  usefulness  in  the  cause  of  God 
and  humanity.  Therefore,  in  1855  he  left 
fatherland,  and  made  his  home  among 
strangers.  Few  men  have  landed  in  America 
under  more  unfavourable  circumstances. 
He  had  no  friends  to  meet  him,  and  very 
little  money  in  his  pocket  when  he  landed 
in  New  York.  Shortly  after  his  arrival  he 
started  on  a  tramp  through  some  of  the 
western  and  southern  states,  and  having 
satisfied  his  curiosity  with  regard  to  those 
places,  he  resolved  to  see  what  Canada  was 
like,  and  visit  some  friends  who  had  lately 
arrived  from  the  old  country.  With  this  desire 
he  started,  and  soon  reached  the  country  of 
his  successes  and  his  triumphs.  Here  he  be- 
came the  subject  of  impressions  convincing 


in  their  tendency,  that  it  was  his  duty  to 
thoroughly  consecrate  himself  to  the  work 
of  the  ministry,  and  from  that  time  he  re- 
solved to  devote  himself  to  the  preaching 
of  the  gospel.  He  was  denominationally 
connected  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  in  Canada,  and  received  from  it  his 
first  station  in  the  city  of  Hamilton.  After 
having  served  about  a  year  in  this  place, 
he  began  to  feel  the  great  importance  of 
the  "high  calling  " — wished  to  be  a  minis- 
ter of  power,  "  rightly  dividing  the  word  of 
truth,"  and  believed  that  God's  work  was  a 
grand  work  calling  for  good,  holy,  and  edu- 
cated men  Being  poor,  he  had  not  the 
means  at  his  disposal  to  enable  him  to  carry 
out  his  aspirations,  but  a  friend  kindly 
aided  with  money.  He  then  made  all  the 
necessary  arrangements,  and  went  to  the 
Boston  Theological  Institute,  where  he  re- 
mained several  years,  and  completed  his 
course  of  literary,  classical,  and  theological 
studies,  graduating  from  that  institution. 
On  leaving  college,  he  made  arrangements 
to  enter  the  Methodist  church,  South,  but 
in  consequence  of  the  breaking  out  of  the 
southern  rebellion  he  was  forced  to  abandon 
the  idea.  He  then  returned  to  Canada,  and 
after  having  preached  at  Goderich  for  a  year, 
he  sailed  for  Europe, determined  to  gather  up 
information  from  the  various  learned  in- 
stitutes of  the  eastern  continent,  and  there- 
by prepare  himself  for  a  wider  sphere  of 
usefulness.  In  England,  after  his  return 
there,  he  lectured  and  preached  on  many 
occasions,  and  was  a  wonder  to  the  friends 
who  had  known  him  before  he  went  to 
America.  On  his  return  from  Europe,  he 
received  a  station  at  Orono,  where  he 
preached  for  two  years,  and  from  this  place 
he  moved  to  Belleville,  the  seat  of  Albert 
University,  where  he  remained  about  eight 
years.  At  this  time  the  Genesee  College 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  M.A., 
and  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University  that  of 
D.D.  While  stationed  at  Belleville,  Eev. 
Dr.  Wild  did  double  work,  acting  as  pastor 
of  the  Methodist  Church  and  professor  of 
Oriental  languages  in  the  university.  At 
the  time  he  went  to  Belleville  the  university 
was  greatly  embarrassed  for  want  of  funds, 
but  he  undertook  the  position  of  treasurer, 
and  through  preaching  and  lecturing  suc- 
ceeded in  raising  $20,000,  and  put  the  in- 
stitution on  a  firm  footing.  During  the  years 
he  was  engaged  at  this  work  he  refused  to 
take  one  cent  as  remuneration  for  his  ser- 


84 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


vices  as  professor  or  treasurer.  Belleville 
to  this  day  remembers  him  with  pride,  and 
the  poor  of  the  place  with  gratitude  for  the 
many  kindnesses  he  showed  them  while  he 
went  in  and  out  among  them.  Too  close 
application  to  his  many  duties,  and  the  loss 
of  his  valuable  library  and  manuscripts  by 
fire,  wrought  heavily  on  his  mind,  and  he 
resolved  to  leave  Belleville  and  re- visit 
Europe.  In  1872,  while  preparing  to  leave, 
he  was  appointed  a  delegate  from  the  Church 
in  Canada  to  the  conference  of  the  Method- 
ist church  of  the  United  States,  which  was 
to  be  held  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn  the  same 
year.  While  attending  this  conference  the 
doctor  was  invited  to  preach  in  the  Seventh 
avenue  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and 
having  done  so,  the  congregation  decided 
on  giving  him  a  call,  which  he  accepted. 
Having  served  them  three  years,  he  then  ac- 
cepted a  call  from  the  Union  Congregational 
Church,  remaining  with  them  for  nearly 
six  years.  During  the  years  he  occupied  the 
Brooklyn  pulpit  he  was  honoured  with  over- 
flowing congregations.  In  1880  he  was  in- 
vited to  take  charge  of  the  Congregational 
Church,  Bond  street,  Toronto,  and  decided 
once  more  on  making  Canada  his  home. 
When  the  Kev.  Dr.  Wild  took  charge  of  this 
work  the  congregation  was  small,  an  im- 
mense debt  was  on  the  handsome  edifice 
which  graces  the  corner  of  Bond  street  and 
Wilton  avenue,  and  things  generally  wore 
a  very  discouraging  aspect,  but  he  had  no 
sooner  put  himself  at  the  head  of  affairs 
than  a  new  impulse  was  given,  and  to-day 
it  is  one  of  the  most  thriving  churches  in 
Toronto — having  a  membership  of  nearly 
eight  hundred,  about  a  thousand  seat-hold- 
ers, the  Sunday  night  congregations  num- 
bering often  three  thousand  souls,  and  the 
debt  on  the  sacred  edifice  reduced  to  a  min- 
imum. Without  doubt  the  Kev.  Dr.  Wild 
is  the  most  popular  preacher  at  this  moment 
in  the  Queen  City  of  the  West,  and  it  is 
wonderful  how  he  succeeds  in  holding  the 
attention  of  the  great  numbers  of  people 
who  come  to  hear  him.  The  grand  secret, 
however,  is  that  the  doctor  never  enters  his 
pulpit  unprepared.  He  honours  his  aud- 
ience by  refusing  to  foist  on  them  a  sub- 
ject at  hap-hazard.  His  very  tread  in- 
dicates confidence  in  his  preparations,  and 
his  voice  and  gesture  indicate  the  force  of 
his  own  convictions  upon  himself.  Bev. 
Dr.  Wild  is  a  little  above  the  medium 
height,  is  very  strongly  built,  has  an  erect 


and  dignified  carriage.  His  face  is  a  re- 
markable one,  and  his  features  easily  play 
to  the  run  of  his  thoughts.  He  has  a  large 
brain,  and  a  high  and  prominent  forehead, 
and  with  his  hair  worn  long  and  his  flow- 
ing whiskers,  he  presents  the  picture  of  a 
man  of  careful  thought  and  great  physical 
endurance.  He  loves  his  friends,  and  is  most 
kind,  free  and  open  to  all,  and,  it  may  be  add- 
ed, he  is  the  friend  of  all  and  enemy  of  none. 
Kelly,  Thomas.  Judge  of  the  County 
Court  of  Prince  county,  Summerside,  Prince 
Edward  Island.  His  Honour  Judge  Kelly 
is  of  Irish  parentage,  and  was  born  at  Cove- 
head,  in  Queens  county,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  in  1833.  His  parents  were  Thomas 
Kelly  and  Mary  Grace,  who  emigrated  from 
the  county  of  Kilkenny,  Ireland,  about  the 
year  1824.  Judge  Kelly  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  old  Central  Academy  of  his 
native  place,  and  at  St.  Dunstan's  College, 
Charlottetown,  and  pursued  his  law  studies 
with  His  Honour  Juge  Watters,  in  St.  John. 
He  was  called  to  the  New  Brunswick  bar 
in  Trinity  term,  1865,  and  to  that  of  Prince 
Edward  Island  the  same  year,  and  imme- 
diately thereafter  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  as  barrister  and  notary  public  at 
Summerside,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
While  a  law  student,  he  was  for  two  years 
president  of  the  Irish  Friendly  Society  of 
St.  John,  N.B.  Before  accepting  a  position 
on  the  bench,  Judge  Kelly  for  many  years 
took  an  active  interest  in  the  politics  of 
his  native  province,  especially  in  connection 
with  the  party  controversies  arising  out  of 
the  education,  railway,  and  confederation 
questions,  as  they  existed  in  Prince  Edward 
Island.  He  was  twice  elected  a  represent- 
ative from  Prince  county  to  the  Island  legis- 
lature. In  1870  he  was  appointed  a  master 
in  Chancery,  and  in  1871,  a  Railway  com- 
missioner, to  which  office  he  was  again 
elected  in  1872,  but  resigned  it  a  few  weeks 
subsequent  to  the  overthrow  of  the  Pope 
administration.  In  1873  he  was  offered  the 
chairmanship  of  the  Railway  board,  and  in 
1874  the  speakership  of  the  House  of  As- 
sembly, both  of  which  positions  he  declined 
in  consequence  of  a  misunderstanding  on 
the  school  question.  In  1876  he  retired 
temporarily  from  public  life  ;  but  in  a 
couple  of  years  thereafter  he  again  entered 
it,  and  in  1879  was  an  unsuccessful  can- 
didate for  the  legislature,  at  the  general 
election  of  that  year.  For  several  years 
Judge  Kelly  was  a  director  of  the  Summer- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


85 


side  Bank,  and  afterwards  became  solicitor 
for  that  institution.  He  was  elected  license 
commissioner  in  1877,  and  the  same  year 
was  chosen  recorder  for  the  town  of  Sum- 
merside.  He  is  a  commissioner  for  Quebec, 
Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick  and  Prince 
Edward  Island,  for  taking  affidavits  for  use 
in  those  provinces,  and  is  also  commissioner 
dedimus  to  administer  oaths  of  office  to 
Dominion  appointees.  He  was  appointed 
to  the  bench,  as  successor  to  the  late  Judge 
Pope,  on  the  24th  October,  1879,  and  revis- 
ing officer  under  the  Electoral  Franchise 
Act  on  the  26th  October,  1886.  Judge 
Kelly  is  a  Roman  Catholic,  and  was  mar- 
ried, first,  in  September,  1867,  to  Mary 
Emeline,  daughter  of  Henry  Eskildson,  of 
New  York  (she  died  October,  1868)  ;  and, 
secondly,  in  November,  1871,  to  Marianne 
H.,  daughter  of  the  late  William  A.  Camp- 
bell, barrister,  Toronto,  Ontario.  Judge 
Kelly's  family  consists  of  four  children — 
one  boy.  and  three  girls. 

Reddy,  Jolm,M.D.— This  distinguish- 
ed medical  man,  who  successfully  practised 
his  profession  in  Montreal  for  over  thirty 
years,  was  born  on  the  31st  of  March,  1822, 
at  Athlone,  county  of  Roscommon,  Ireland, 
and  died  on  the  23rd  of  January,  1884.  In 
accordance  with  the  custom  of  that  day,  he 
was  apprenticed  to  a  local  surgeon  in  the 
year  1839,  and  remained  with  him  until 
1842.  In  April,  1847,  he  appeared  before 
the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  Ireland, 
and  received  their  license  in  April  of  that 
year.  Owing  to  some  demands  which  he 
considered  unreasonable,  he  would  not  go 
up  for  the  degree  in  Dublin,  but  preferred 
crossing  to  Glasgow,  at  which  university  he 
received  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1848.  It 
was  now  the  intention  of  Dr.  Reddy  to  enter 
upon  the  career  of  an  army  surgeon,  and 
he  was  actually  gazetted  to  a  commission 
in  the  line.  His  regiment  was  just  at  this 
time,  however,  ordered  to  the  Gold  Coast 
for  service  ;  and  the  young  surgeon  be- 
lieving that  he  had  not  been  born  only  to 
fill  a  premature  grave  in  that  most  un- 
healthy station,  at  once  resigned.  He  then 
for  a  short  time  held  some  dispensary  ap- 
pointments in  Ireland,  and  came  to  Canada 
in  1851.  Through  the  influence  of  some 
friends  in  Montreal  he  had  been  appointed 
house  surgeon  of  the  Montreal  General 
Hospital,  and  immediately  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  that  office.  He  remained  in 
the  hospital  for  three  years,  fulfilling  the 


responsibilities  of  this  position  to  the  great 
satisfaction  of  the  then  medical  officers, 
Drs.  Crawford,  Arnoldi,  Jones,  and  others, 
and  on  leaving  the  hospital,  he  began  pri- 
vate practice  in  the  city.  The  year  1854 
will  be  remembered  as  the  last  during  which 
a  severe  epidemic  of  Asiatic  cholera  swept 
over  this  country.  Dr.  Reddy  at  once  de- 
voted himself  with  unremitting  attention  to 
the  care  of  the  many  sufferers  who  were 
falling  on  every  hand.  His  unvarying 
kindness  to  his  patients,  his  cheerful,  warm- 
hearted Irish  manners,  his  already  consid- 
erable skill  and  experience  soon  led  to  his 
finding  himself  surrounded  by  a  large  and 
daily  increasing  clientele.  During  Dr. 
Reddy 's  thirty  years'  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Montreal,  his  perseverance  and 
assiduity  knew  no  rest  ;  he  was  constantly 
and  busily  employed  from  morning  till 
night,  and  very  often  from  night  till  morn- 
ing, until  1883,  to  the  regret  of  his  many 
friends,  it  was  observed  that  his  health  was 
beginning  to  fail.  He  went  to  Europe  for 
change  of  air,  and  the  much  needed  rest, 
but  unfortunately  no  return  to  health  was 
to  come  to  him,  and  he  died  in  Dublin  on 
the  23rd  of  January,  1884.  Dr.  Reddy  held 
many  offices  of  the  highest  trust  and  honour 
in  this  community.  In  1856  he  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  attending  physicians  of 
the  Montreal  General  Hospital,  which  post 
he  held  until  he  retired  upon  the  consulting 
board.  In  1856  he  received  the  degree  of 
M.D.  ad  eundem  from  McGill  College,  and 
for  many  years  served  as  representative 
fellow  in  medicine  in  the  corporation  of  that 
university.  He  was  a  constant  attendant 
at  the  meetings  of  the  Medico-Chirurgical 
Society  and  was  elected  president,  and  he 
was  a  long-service  officer  in  the  volunteer 
militia,  having  been  surgeon  of  the  Mon- 
treal Garrison  Artillery.  His  was  a  quiet, 
unostentatious,  busy,  blameless  life.  His 
high  moral  character  and  strict  professional 
integrity,  his  broad  benevolence  and  uni- 
versal goodness  of  heart,  with  kind  and 
obliging  manners,  procured  for  Dr.  Reddy 
the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  his  professional 
friends  and  confreres,  his  numerous  patients, 
and  the  general  community.  His  memory 
will  long  be  cherished  and  his  character  and 
good  deeds  held  in  warm  remembrance.  He 
was  married  on  the  1st  July,  1851,  to  Jane 
Fleming,  daughter  of  William  Fleming,  of 
Cloondra,  county  Longford,  Ireland,  and 
when  he  died  he  left  six  children,  three  sons 


86 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


and  three  daughters,  the  eldest  of  whom. 
H.  L.  Reddy,  B.A.,  M.D.C.M.,  L.E.C.P., 
London  ;  L.S.A.,  London  ;  L.E.C.S.,  Edin- 
burgh; professor  of  obstetrics  in  the  medi- 
cal faculty,  Bishop's  College  University, 
physician  accoucheur  to  the  Western  Hos- 
pital, Montreal,  succeeds  him  in  his  practice. 
His  second  son, William  B.  S.  Keddy,  B.C.L., 
is  a  notary  public  practising  in  Montreal. 

Harris),  Christopher  Prince,  Mer- 
chant, Moncton,  New  Brunswick,  was  born 
at  Moncton,  county  of  Westmoreland,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  29th  of  May,  1837.  He 
is  the  third  son  of  Michael  Spurr  Harris 
and  Sarah  Ann  Troop.  Mr.  Harris,  jr.,  re- 
ceived his  education  in  his  native  town  ; 
and  for  the  past  thirty  years  has  been  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  J.  &  C.  Harris,  gen- 
eral merchants.  In  1877  he  took  an  active 
part  with  his  brother  and  partner,  J.  L. 
Harris,  and  others,  in  organizing  the  Monc- 
ton Gaslight  and  Water  Company,  and  also 
in  the  construction  of  the  works.  He  has 
held  the  position  of  a  director  and  also 
treasurer  of  the  company  until  the  present 
time.  In  1880  he  took  a  similar  part  in  the 
organization  and  erection  of  the  works  of 
the  Moncton  Sugar  Refining  Company,  and 
has  been  its  treasurer  ever  since.  In  1882 
he  helped  to  promote  the  Moncton  Cotton 
Manufacturing  Company,  and  the  construc- 
tion of  its  works,  and  is  now  one  of  its  lead- 
ing directors.  Although  a  busy  mercantile 
man,  he  has  found  time  to  devote  some  of 
his  leisure  to  Masonry,  and  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  order  for  over  twenty-one 
years.  He  is  a  past-master  and  honorary 
member  of  Keith  lodge  ;  past-principal  Z 
of  Botsford  Royal  Arch  Chapter;  a  member 
of  the  Union  De  Molay  Commandery,  of 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  and  also  of  other 
Masonic  orders.  In  religion  Mr.  Harris  is 
an  adherent  of  the  Reformed  Episcopal 
church;  and  in  politics  a  Liberal-Conserva- 
tive. He  was  married  on  the  8th  of  Octo- 
ber, 1867,  to  Mary  Landon  Cowling,  eldest 
daughter  of  Eben  Landon  Cowling,  justice 
of  the  peace.  Mr.  Harris  is  a  live  business 
man,  and  has  a  bright  future  before  him. 

Beckwith,  Adolphu«  ijJeorge, 
Civil  Engineer,  Fredericton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  at  Fredericton,  on  Decem- 
ber 28th,  1839.  His  parents  were  the  late 
Hon.  John  A.  Beckwith,  M.L.C.,  and  Maria 
A.  Beckwith.  (See  sketch  life  of  Hon.  Mr. 
Beckwith,  in  another  part  of  this  volume. ) 
Mr.  Beckwith  was  educated  at  the  Collegi- 


ate School,  Fredericton,  and  took  a  partial 
course  at  King's  College  (now  University 
of  New  Brunswick),  where  he  studied  civil 
engineering,  and  received  his  diploma  from 
Professor  Thomas  Cregan.  He  joined  the 
volunteers  as  a  private  on  their  first  forma- 
tion in  Fredericton,  in  1858,  was  gazetted 
ensign  in  1st  York  Battalion,  under  Lieut.  - 
Colonel  Minchin,  in  1861,  was  lieutenant  in 
v!863,  and  captain  in  1867.  He  was  ap- 
pointed adjutant  of  the  71st  York  Battalion 
in  1867,  and  held  that  position,  with  the 
rank  of  major,  from  July,  1876,  until  the 
retirement  of  Capt.  J.  W.  Smith,  paymaster, 
in  1881,  when  he  exchanged  to  the  position 
of  paymaster,  which  he  now  holds.  He 
holds  first  and  second  class  certificates  from 
the  School  of  Instruction.  Mr.  Beckwith 
is  a  deputy  surveyor  of  Crown  Lands,  and 
was  draughtsman  in  the  Crown  Lands 
office  from  1866  to  1871,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed engineer  of  Public  Works,  which 
position  he  now  holds.  He  performed  the 
duties  of  Provincial  government  engineer 
for  two  or  three  years,  in  addition  to  his 
other  works.  Is  at  present  City  engineer 
of  Fredericton.  He  joined  the  Free  Masons 
in  1861,  in  Solomon's  lodge,  No.  764,  E.R., 
was  master  of  the  lodge  in  1865,  and  secre- 
tary of  the  same,  and  Hiram  lodge,  No.  6, 
N.B.R.,  for  ten  years,  and  on  retiring  from 
that  office,  was  presented  with  a  handsome 
piece  of  plate  by  the  members.  He  is  also 
a  frater  of  the  encampment  of  Knights  Tem- 
plar of  St.  John  ;  a  past  grand  senior  dea- 
con of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  Brunswick, 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Mr.  Beckwith  has  traveUed 
throughout  Canada,  the  United  States  and 
Europe.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England.  He  was  married  at  Brooklyn 
(New  York),  in  1865,  to  Mary  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  the  late  M.  B.  Marckwald,  a 
merchant  of  New  York.  He  has  only  one 
child  living — Freeman  Berton,  who  is  in  an 
office  in  New  York. 

Sutherland,  Rev.  Alexander,  D.D., 
Toronto.  No  man  is  more  widely  known 
throughout  this  Dominion  as  an  able 
preacher,  a  keen  debater,  a  leader  in  the 
church  courts  of  his  own  denomination,  and 
a  man  of  general  sympathies  and  influence 
in  the  community,  than  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  And  his  high  position  he  owes  to 
no  favouritism  of  friends  or  fortune,  but, 
under  God,  to  the  native  abilities  which  his 
strong  will  and  consecrated  heart  have 
guided  into  channels  of  general  usefulness. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


87 


Alexander  Sutherland  was  born  in  the 
township  of  Guelph,  Ontario,  September 
17th,  1833.  His  father  was  Captain  Nicho- 
las Sutherland,  born  in  Dundee,  Scotland  ; 
and  his  mother,  Mary  Henderson,  a  native 
of  Port  Glasgow.  The  family  settled  in 
the  township  of  Guelph  in  1832.  Amid 
the  hardships  of  pioneer  life,  opportunities 
for  scholarships  were  few,  and  the  now 
learned  doctor's  early  education  was  con- 
fined to  a  few  terms  in  a  backwood's  school. 
His  good  Scotch  parents,  however,  early 
planted  within  him  a  love  of  learning,  and 
that  process  of  self-culture  was  begun  which 
has  continued  through  life.  As  a  child  he 
was  able  to  read  fluently  before  ever  going 
to  school.  When  he  was  nine  years  of  age 
his  father  died  ;  and,  at  thirteen  years  of 
age,  he  was  forced  to  leave  home  and  earn 
his  own  living.  For  seven  years  he  was  a 
printer,  and  during  those  years,  as  indeed 
from  earliest  boyhood,  he  read  with  avidity 
whatever  came  in  his  way.  Thus  were 
those  stores  of  information  accumulated 
which  have  helped  to  make  their  possessor 
a  ready  speaker  and  a  formidable  opponent 
on  so  many  diverse  subjects  and  occasions. 
When  about  sixteen  years  old  he  became 
connected  with  a  Methodist  Sunday-school, 
and  also  with  temperance  organizations,  in 
which  he  was  repeatedly  presiding  officer. 
"  The  child  "  was  indeed  "  father  of  the 
man."  In  his  nineteenth  year  he  was  con- 
verted and  became  a  member  of  the  Metho- 
dist church.  His  ability  soon  displayed 
itself  in  connection  with  the  class-meeting 
and  other  services  of  the  church,  and  before 
long  he  was  licensed  as  an  "  exhorter  "  and 
then  as  a  "local  preacher."  In  the  year 
1855  there  was  urgent  demand  for  ministers 
in  the  Methodist  church,  and  Alexander 
Sutherland  was  persuaded  to  go  out  "  under 
the  chairman,"  Rev.  L.  Warner.  He  was 
sent  to  Clinton,  at  that  time  an  old-fashioned 
circuit,  thirty  miles  in  length  by  perhaps 
eighteen  in  width,  including  about  twenty 
preaching  services  every  month.  Travel- 
ling such  an  extensive  round,  preaching  so 
frequently,  and  at  the  same  time  pursuing 
the  Conference  course  of  study  requisite 
before  ordination,  the  young  preacher  found 
written  preparation  for  the  pulpit  impossi- 
ble, but  gained  in  this  hard  practical  school 
of  oratory  an  invaluable  training  in  extem- 
pore utterance.  The  next  two  years  were 
spent  on  the  Berlin  circuit.  In  1858,  young 
Sutherland  enjoyed  one  year  of  college 


training  at  Victoria  College,  Cobourg.  In 
1859  he  was  received  into  full  connection 
with  the  Conference  and  ordained.  In  June 
of  the  same  year  he  was  married  to  Mary 
Jane,  eldest  daughter  of  Hugh  Moore,  of 
Dundas.  Of  this  happy  union  four  sons 
and  three  daughters  have  been  the  issue.  Of 
the  sons,  two  died  in  early  boyhood.  After 
his  marriage,  Dr.  Sutherland's  pastoral 
charges  were  in  order — Niagara,  Thorold, 
Drummondville,  Hamilton,  Yorkville,  Rich- 
mond street,  Toronto,  and  St.  James  street, 
Montreal.  During  his  residence  in  Toronto 
he  took  a  very  active  and  efficient  part  in 
Sunday-school  and  temperance  work.  For 
some  time  he  was  president  of  the  Ontario 
Temperance  and  Prohibitory  League.  His 
temperance  sermons  and  other  efforts  in 
behalf  of  this  cause  will  not  be  soon  forgot- 
ten by  those  who  came  under  their  influ- 
ence. In  1869  he  was  elected  secretary  of 
Conference,  and  was  re-elected  the  following 
year.  In  1871  he  was  appointed,  with  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Sanderson,  fraternal  delegate  to 
the  General  Conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  in  the  United  States, 
which  met  in  Brooklyn  in  1872.  On  this 
occasion,  and  on  all  similar  occasions,  Dr. 
Sutherland  has  done  great  credit  to  his 
church  and  to  his  country.  In  1873  he 
was  appointed  pastor  of  the  St.  James 
street  Church,  Montreal,  and  at  the  Con- 
ference of  1874  was  elected  chairman  of 
the  Montreal  district.  But  the  M  ntreal 
pastorate  was  brief.  At  the  first  General 
Conference  of  the  Methodist  church  of 
Canada,  September,  1874,  Dr.  Sutherland 
was  elected  general  secretary  and  clerical 
treasurer  of  the  Missionary  Society,  as  suc- 
cessor to  the  Rev.  Lachlin  Taylor,  D.D. 
This  is  one  of  the  highest  honours  in  the 
gift  of  the  Methodist  church  ;  the  office  is 
one  of  arduous  toil,  but  affords  scope  for 
high  abilities.  Since  that  day,  Dr.  Suther- 
land has  travelled  from  Newfoundland  and 
the  Bermudas  to  British  Columbia,  super- 
intending the  missionary  work  and  stimu- 
lating the  missionary  zeal  of  the  Methodist 
church  ;  has  for  several  years  published 
that  admirable  missionary  journal  The  Mis- 
sionary Outlook,  and  has  succeeded  in  in- 
creasing the  annual  income  of  the  society 
from  $118,000  to  nearly  $200,000.  The 
increased  labours  of  his  office  have  not  pre- 
vented the  missionary  secretary  from  taking 
an  active  interest  in  all  the  enterprises  of 
the  church,  and  his  voice  has  rung  out 


88 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


clear  and  loud  on  every  great  question  that 
has  recently  agitated  the  Methodist  com- 
munity. To  him  more  than  to  any  other 
man  does  the  church  owe  the  success  of 
that  mighty  movement  which  culminated  in 
1883  in  the  union  of  all  branches  of  Method- 
ism in  this  dominion.  With  tongue  and 
pen  he  eloquently,  earnestly  and  constantly 
pleaded  for  consolidation  ;  and,  when  all 
seemed  hanging  in  the  balance,  his  admir- 
able generalship  and  eloquence  in  the  mem- 
orable Union  debate  in  the  Toronto  Confer- 
ence, Peterborough,  June,  1883,  constrained 
victory  to  the  union  side.  To  have  played 
such  a  part  at  such  a  crisis  is  no  mean 
claim  to  grateful  and  unfading  memory.  In 
1882  Dr.  Sutherland  was  elected  president 
of  the  Toronto  Conference,  and  again  in 
1884.  In  1881  he  was  one  of  the  Canadian 
representatives  at  the  great  Methodist  (Ecu- 
menical Conference,  London,  England,  and 
was  made  one  of  the  joint  secretaries  of  that 
august  body.  In  1886  he  was  appointed 
fraternal  delegate  to  the  British  Wesleyan 
Conference,  in  place  of  Rev.  Dr.  Bice,  gen- 
eral superintendent,  deceased.  Dr.  Suther- 
land's literary  activity  has  been,  so  far, 
confined  to  newspaper  and  magazine  arti- 
cles and  brief  pamphlets  on  questions  of 
the  day.  His  incisive  style,  his  permeating 
humour,  his  wide  information,  his  keen  in- 
sight, render  his  writing  and  his  speaking 
alike  powerful.  A  man  of  immense  energy, 
he  has  done  much  to  mould  the  thought 
and  guide  the  work  of  his  church  already, 
and  bids  fair  to  remain  one  of  her  most  in- 
fluential leaders  for  years  to  come.  In  May, 
1879,  the  University  of  Victoria  College 
conferred  upon  him  the  well  deserved  de- 
gree of  Doctor  in  Divinity. 

Beckwith,  Hon.  John  Adolphus. 
The  late  Hon.  Mr.  Beckwith  was  born  at 
Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,  on  December 
1st,  1800,  and  died  November  23rd,  1880. 
His  father,  Nehemiah  Beckwith,  was  a  loyal- 
ist, settled  in  Fredericton,  and  built  sloops 
in  partnership  with  the  celebrated  Benedict 
Arnold,  who,  at  that  time,  also  resided  in 
Fredericton.  Nehemiah  Beckwith  was  mar- 
ried at  Fredericton,  to  Julie  Louise  Le- 
Brun,  a  daughter  of  Jean  Baptiste  LeBrun, 
barrister,  and  proctor  at  law,  etc.,  of  Quebec. 
Miss  LeBrun  came  to  Fredericton  from 
Quebec  with  the  family  of  Sir  Guy  Carle- 
ton,  in  the  capacity  of  companion  and 
French  governess  to  Miss  Carleton.  About 
1813,  Nehemiah  Beckwith  purchased  a 


large  tract  of  land  in  the  suburbs  of  Mon- 
treal from  Count  du  Chaillu  (father  of  the 
great  explorer  and  historian),  but  his  death 
very  soon  after,  before  the  deeds  were  com- 
pleted, lost  him  the  property  and  purchase 
money.  This  property  is  now  a  valuable 
part  of  the  City  of  Montreal.  Mrs.  Beck- 
with (nee  LeBrun)  was  cousin  to  Cardinal 
Richelieu,  and  aunt  to  L'Abbe  Farland, 
professeur  d'Histoire,University  Laval,  Que- 
bec. Hon.  John  A.  Beckwith  was  cousin 
to  1'Abbe'  Ferland.  Hon.  Mr.  Beckwith 
commenced  his  studies  in  the  old  Frederic- 
ton  Grammar  School,  and  completed  them 
in  Montreal  and  Quebec,  graduating  as  a 
surveyor  and  engineer.  He  was  connected 
with  the  militia  from  early  manhood,  and 
was  for  some  years  in  command  of  the  1st 
battalion  York  Militia.  For  several  years 
he  was  deputy  surveyor  general,  before 
responsible  government,  and  was  commis- 
sioner of  the  N.  B.  &  N.  S.  Land  Company, 
from  1860  till  his  death.  He  served  as 
mayor  of  Fredericton  in  1863  and  1864, 
and  represented  York  county  in  the  local 
legislature  from  1866  to  1873,  holding  the 
office  of  provincial  secretary  and  receiver 
general  from  1868  to  1873,  when  he  was 
appointed  to  a  seat  in  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil. Mr.  Beckwith  ever  took  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  advance  of  agriculture,  and 
was  always  one  of  the  committee  in  Provin- 
cial exhibitions.  He  was  at  one  time  grand 
master  of  the  Orange  body  of  New  Bruns- 
wick. In  religious  matters  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Church  of  England.  He  was 
first  married  in  1822,  to  Ann  Jewett  ;  and 
married  a  second  time  in  1837,  to  Maria  Ann 
Berton,  whose  father,  a  son  of  a  loyalist, 
was  the  first  sheriff  of  York  county.  His 
second  wife  survived  him  four  years. 

Macfarlanc,  Thomas  Chief  Analyst, 
Inland  Revenue  Department,  Ottawa,  On- 
tario, was  born  on  the  5th  March,  1834, 
at  Pollokshaws,  parish  of  Eastwood,  coun- 
ty of  Renfrew,  Scotland.  His  father,  Thomas 
Macfarlane,  was  a  native  of  Pollokshaws, 
and  his  mother,  Catherine,  was  born  in  the 
adjoining  parish  of  Mearns.  Mr.  Macfar- 
lane, jr.,  was  educated  in  Pollokshaws,  at 
the  Andersonian  University,  Glasgow,  and 
at  the  Royal  Mining  School  of  Freiberg,  in 
Saxony.  In  the  latter  school  he  studied 
chemistry,  metallurgy,  mineralogy,  and 
geology.  After  leaving  Freiberg  in  1857,  he 
travelled  through  the  Erzgebirge  and  Bo- 
hemia, and  then  went  to  Norway,  as  direc- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


89 


tor  of  the  Modum  smelting  works  and  Cobalt 
mines.  During  his  stay  in  Norway  he  vis- 
ited most  of  the  southern  part  of  that  coun- 
try, including  Bingerike,  Nummedal,  Thele- 
marken  and  Saetersdal.  In  1860  he  emi- 
grated to  Canada,  and  took  charge  of  the 
Acton,  and  afterwards  of  the  Albert  mine  in 
the  Eastern  Townships,  province  of  Quebec. 
In  1865-6  Mr.  Macfarlane  became  field- geo- 
logist under  the  late  Sir  William  Logan,  and 
helped  that  illustrious  gentleman  on  the  geo- 
logical survey  of  Canada.  In  the  volume 
of  geological  reports  published  in  1866,  Mr. 
Macfarlane  supplies  reports  on  Hastings 
county  and  the  Lake  Superior  district.  In 
1868  he  explored  the  Montreal  Mining  Com- 
pany's locations  on  Lake  Superior,  and  was 
the  discoverer  of  the  celebrated  Silver  Islet 
mine.  In  1871  he  paid  a  visit  to  the  mining 
districts  of  Colorado,  Utah,  and  Nevada; 
and  in  1873  he  revisited  England,  and  then 
travelled  through  Germany  and  Norway. 
On  his  return  to  Canada,  in  1876,  he  visited 
Nova  Scotia  and  Cape  Breton ;  also  Ecuador 
and  Peru,  and  published  a  description  of 
the  latter  journey  under  the  title  of  "To  the 
Andes."  In  1879  he  spent  six  months  smelt- 
ing in  Leadville,  Colorado.  In  1881,  visited 
mining  districts  on  the  Lower  Colorado  and 
in  Southern  Utah,  travelling  from  Fort  Yu- 
ma  to  Salt  Lake  City.  In  1884  he  revisited 
England  and  Germany  ;  and  here  we  say, 
Mr.  Macfarlane  speaks  the  German,  French 
and  Danish  languages  fluently.  In  1886  he 
was  appointed  by  the  Dominion  government 
chief  analyst  for  Canada,  and  is  now  settled 
down  at  Ottawa.  In  1882  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Boyal  Society,  Canada,  and 
elected  president  of  the  Chemical  section  in 
1886.  In  1885  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Imperial  Federation  League,  and  in  Febru- 
ary, 1886,  and  January,  1887,  contributed 
articles  to  its  "Journal."  Mr.  Macfarlane 
has  devoted  nearly  all  his  life  to  science, 
and  as  a  chemist,  metallurgist,  miner,  and 
explorer,  he  stands  very  high.  His  scien- 
tific papers  are  numerous,  and  by  referring 
to  the  pages  of  The  Canadian  Naturalist, 
will  be  found  there  on  :  "  Primitive  Forma- 
tion in  Norway,"  "  Acton  Copper  Mine," 
"  Eruptive  Bocks,"  "  Copper  Extraction," 
"  Production  of  Soda  and  Qhlorine,"  "  Cop- 
per-beds of  Portage,  Lake  Michigan,"  "  Ge- 
ological Formations  of  Lake  Superior," 
"  Silver  Ore  of  Wood's  Location,"  "  Origin 
of  Crystalline  Bocks,"  "  Canadian  Geology." 
In  the  pages  of  "  Transactions  of  the  Insti- 


tute of  Mining  Engineers,"  papers  on  "  Slag 
Densities,"  "  Classification  of  Original 
Bocks,"  "  Silver  Islet."  And  some  others 
in  the  "  Proceedings  of  the  Boyal  Society 
of  Canada."  Mr.  Macfarlane  was  reared  a 
Presbyterian  in  the  U,  P.  Church  of  Scot- 
land, and  while  a  young  man  adopted  ma- 
terialistic views,  but  has  since  abandoned 
them,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  Anglican 
church.  He  married  in  September,  1858, 
Margaret  Skelly,  niece  of  Dr.  John  Litster, 
Pollokshaws,  Scotland,  and  they  have  nine 
children,  all  living. 

Currey,  Lemuel  Allan,  M.A.,  Barris- 
ter-at-law,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  was 
born  at  Gagetown,  Queens  county,  on  llth 
July,  1856.  He  belongs  to  a  very  ancient 
family,  and  one  of  the  founders  being  the 
Earl  Currey,  who  lived  in  the  time  of  Crom- 
well, and  owned  large  estates  in  Leeds 
and  vicinity,  England.  His  sen,  John 
Currey,  was  born  in  Leeds  in  1688,  and 
came  to  the  city  of  New  York  about  the 
year  1700,  where  he  married,  and  died 
young  of  an  epidemic,  leaving  one  son, 
Bichard  Currey,  who  was  born  4th  Novem- 
ber, 1709.  Bichard  married  a  lady  of  the 
name  of  Elizabeth  Jones,  and  removed  to 
Peekskill,  on  the  Hudson,  New  York  state, 
where  he  died  on  March  20,  1806.  By  this 
marriage  there  were  three  sons  and  seven 
daughters  born.  The  eldest  son  was  Joshua 
Currey,  who  married  Eunice  Travis  at  Peek- 
skill.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Bevolu- 
tionary  war,  Joshua  Currey  sided  with  the 
British,  but  the  rest  of  the  family  sympa- 
thised with  the  colonists.  During  these 
troublesome  times  Mr.  Currey  had  several 
narrow  escapes  for  his  life.  At  one  time  he 
had  to  hide  himself  under  the  floor  of  his 
house  to  escape  the  fury  of  the  revolution- 
ists, and  his  son  David  was  nearly  killed  by 
them  by  being  buried  in  a  sandpit.  Joshua 
and  his  family  managed  to  make  good  their 
escape,  and,  joining  a  band  of  loyalists, 
reached  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  in  Oc- 
tober 23,  1783,  where  he  remained  one  year, 
and  then  removed  to  Gagetown,  where  he 
died  in  1802.  He  left  large  estates  in  New 
York  state,  but  he,  however,  succeeded  in 
carrying  away  with  him  in  his  flight  a  large 
sum  of  money.  He  had  a  family  of  five 
sons  and  two  daughters.  His  second  son, 
David  Currey,  who  was  born  at  Peekskill, 
April  27,  1767,  died  at  Gagetown,  August 
12, 1827.  This  gentleman  married  Dorothy 
Estey,  by  whom  he  had  twelve  children,  one 


90 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


of  whom,  James  Robert  Currey,  who  was 
born  in  1817,  was  the  father  ot  the  subject 
of  our  sketch,  and  was  by  profession  a  bar- 
rister in  Gagetown,  and  registrar  of  pro- 
bates, and  clerk  of  the  Queens  county  court. 
His  mother  was  Sarah  Amelia,  daughter  of 
Reuben  Hoben.  Lemuel  Allan  Currey  re- 
ceived his  literary  education  at  the  Queens 
County  Grammar  School,  and  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  New  Brunswick,  where  he  graduated 
in  1876,  with  honours  in  the  first  division, 
taking  a  special  prize  for  general  profici- 
ency. After  graduating  he  entered  as  a 
student-at-law  with  his  father,  with  whom 
he  studied  till  1880,  and  during  said  period 
taught  the  Queens  County  Grammar  School 
for  two  and  a-half  years.  In  1880  he  en- 
tered Harvard  Law  School,  where  he  re- 
mained one  year,  taking  a  special  course. 
He  then  entered  the  office  of  S.  Alward, 
D.C.L.,  barrister,  St.  John.  Mr.  Currey 
was  admitted  an  attorney  in  1882,  and  a 
barrister  the  following  year.  Since  his  en- 
rolment he  has  practised  law  at  St.  John.  In 
1873-4  he  attended  the  Military  School  at 
Fredericton,  and  took  a  certificate.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Young  Men's  Liberal-Con- 
servative Club,  of  St.  John,  a  member  of 
St.  George's  Society,  and  belongs  to  Union 
lodge,  of  Portland,  A.F.  and  A.M.  In  re- 
ligion he  belongs  to  the  Episcopal  church, 
and  in  politics  is  a  Conservative. 

Burwash,  Rev.  Nathaniel,  S.T.  I  >.. 
Professor  of  Biblical  and  Systematic  Theo- 
logy, and  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Theology, 
Victoria  University,  Cobourg,  Ontario,  was 
born  in  Argenteuil,  province  of  Quebec,  on 
the  25th  July,  1839.  His  father,  Adam 
Burwash,  was  a  descendant  of  an  English 
family  from  Burwash,  in  Sussex;  and  his 
mother,  Ann  Taylor,  was  from  Argyleshire, 
Scotland,  and  was  the  eldest  sister  of  the 
late  Rev.  Lachlin  Taylor,  D.D.  His  great 
grandfather  was  a  United  Empire  loyalist. 
Nathaniel  received  his  rudimentary  educa- 
tion in  the  schools  of  his  native  place,  and 
then  entered  Victoria  University,  where  he 
took  the  arts  course,  and  graduated  B.A.  in 
1859.  He  then  devoted  his  time  for  two 
years  as  a  Public  and  Grammar  school 
teacher  ;  and  in  1860  entered  the  ministry 
of  the  Methodist  church.  From  this  year 
to  1866  he  filled  the  position  of  pastor  in 
churches  in  Belleville,  Toronto,  and  Hamil- 
ton. In  1866  he  left  Canada  for  a  time,  and 
entered  Yale  College,  New  Haven,  U.S.,  for 
the  purpose  of  studying  the  natural  sciences, 


and  having  completed  his  course,  he  re- 
turned home  in  1867,  and  was  appointed 
professor  of  natural  sciences  in  Victoria 
University,  Cobourg.  In  1873  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  professorship  of  Biblical  and 
Systematical  Theology,  and  was  also  made 
dean  of  the  faculty  of  theology  in  the  same 
institution.  This  important  position  he  still 
occupies,  and  since  his  appointment  fully 
one-fith  of  the  entire  ministry  of  the  several 
Western  conferences  of  the  Methodist 
church  have  been  his  students.  Professor 
Burwash  some  years  ago  took  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  Volunteer  movement,  and  was 
one  of  those  who  risked  his  life  at  Ridge- 
way,  in  repelling  the  Fenian  hordes  who  at- 
tempted to  desecrate  Canadian  soil.  He 
has  travelled  a  good  deal,  and  has  visited 
several  of  the  universities  and  educational 
institutions  of  Great  Britain,  France  and 
Germany.  The  professor  has  not  been  an 
idle  man,  as  the  record  of  his  life  amply 
testifies,  and  to  those  who  would  like  to  per- 
use some  of  his  literary  productions,  we 
recommend  them  to  examine  his  works  on  : 
"Nature,  Genesis  and  Results  of  Sin"; 
"Relation  of  Childhood  to  the  Fall,  the 
Atonement  and  the  Church  "  ;  "  Wesley's 
Doctrinal  Standards";  and  his  "Commen- 
tary on  Romans."  On  the  25th  December, 
1868,  he  was  married  to  Margaret  Proctor, 
only  daughter  of  E.  M.  Proctor,  registrar 
of  Lambton,  a  graduate  of  the  Ladies' 
College,  Hamilton. 

Currie,  John  Zebulon.  A.B.,  M.D., 
&c.,  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,  was  born 
at  Keswick,  parish  of  Douglas,  York  coun- 
ty, New  Brunswick,  January  3,  1847.  He 
is  the  second  son  of  Thomas  Gilbert  and 
Patience  Currie.  Both  parents  belonged  to 
old  loyalist  families.  His  father's  family  is 
descended  from  John  Currie  (Currey),  who 
came  from  Leeds,  Yorkshire,  England,  and 
settled  in  New  York  about  A.D.  1700.  At 
the  outbreak  of  the  American  revolution, 
Joshua,  a  son  of  Richard,  refusing  to  join 
the  insurgents,  escaped  to  the  British  army, 
served  as  a  lieutenant  in  that  force,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  war  came  to  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  with  the  fall  fleet.  He  brought 
three  sons  with  him,  of  whom  Richard,  the 
eldest,  having  married  Barbara  Dykeman, 
became  the  founder  of  this  family  in  New 
Brunswick.  Dr.  Currie' s  mother  is  a 
daughter  of  the  late  Major  Abraham 
Yerxa,  who  lived  at  Keswick,  York  county, 
N.  B.  John  Yerxa,  father  of  Abraham 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


91 


Yerxa,  came  from  Holland  to  New  York, 
with  his  parents,  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
years.  He  was  married  to  Katie  Gerow, 
and  throughout  the  American  revolutionary 
war  served  as  a  volunteer  in  the  British 
army.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  came  to 
St.  John,  N.  B.,  being  a  member  of  one  of 
the  two  regiments  that  were  disbanded  and 
given  lands  in  New  Brunswick.  When  he 
came  to  St.  John  there  was  but  one  house 
where  the  city  now  stands.  Subsequently 
he  settled  upon  lands  on  the  Keswick  stream, 
York  county,  and  remained  there  until  his 
death.  Dr.  Currie  remained  at  Keswick 
until  about  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  received 
his  preliminary  education  in  the  schools  of 
his  native  parish.  When  in  his  sixteenth 
year  he  attended  the  Provincial  Normal 
School  in  St.  John,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
term  of  study  there,  received  a  second  class 
teacher's  certificate.  In  1864,  he  became  a 
student  at  the  Baptist  Seminary,  Frederic- 
ton,  New  Brunswick,  where  he  remained 
two  years.  In  September,  1867,  he  matri- 
culated at  the  University  of  New  Brunswick, 
and  pursued  the  regular  course  of  study 
there.  During  his  undergraduate  course 
at  this  institution  he  was  the  successful 
competitor  for  the  scholarship  in  English 
Language  and  Literature,  besides  taking 
honours  in  this  and  other  departments. 
Having  completed  the  course  of  study  he 
received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  in 
June,  1870.  He  at  once  began  the  study 
of  medicine,  entering  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  Harvard  University,  Boston,  the 
same  year.  Having  completed  the  regular 
course  of  study  in  this  institution  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine 
(M.D.,  Harvard)  in  1873.  At  the  same 
time  he  passed  the  required  examination 
for,  and  was  admitted  a  fellow  of,  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  Society.  He  then 
went  to  Scotland  to  complete  his  profes- 
sional studies,  and  matriculated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh,  and  at  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Edinburgh. 
At  the  completion  of  the  course  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh  he  was  awarded  the 
first  medal  in  midwifery  and  diseases  of 
women  and  children, with  the  highest  stand- 
ard which  had  at  that  time  been  attained. 
He  also  received  a  special  license  in  the 
same  department.  In  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  he  was  the  successful 
competitor  for  the  second  prize  in  surgery 
under  Prof.  Patrick  Heron  Watson.  He 


then  went  to  London,  England,  where  he 
spent  some  time  in  visiting  the  different 
hospitals  and  in  further  professional  study. 
In  the  latter  part  of  1874  he  returned  to 
Fredericton,  N.  B.,  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  and  has  remained  there  ever 
since.  Dr.  Currie's  student  life  was  marked 
by  careful  study  and  constantly  advanced 
standing.  On  June  15,  1881,  he  was  ap- 
pointed assistant  surgeon  of  the  71st  York 
battalion  of  the  Active  Militia  of  Canada, 
and  on  the  25th  of  December,  1883,  was 
promoted  to  be  surgeon  of  the  same  corps, 
which  office  he  still  holds.  Dr.  Currie  is 
secretary  and  registrar  of  the  Council  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New  Brunswick, 
and  has  constantly  held  this  office  since  the 
organization  of  the  council  in  July,  1881. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Board  of 
Health  of  New  Brunswick,  and  also  secre- 
tary of  the  board;  both  appointments  date 
from  June  1st,  1887,  when  the  Public  Health 
Act  went  into  operation.  In  virtue  of  his 
position  as  secretary  of  the  Provincial  Board 
of  Health,  he  is  chief  health  officer  for  the 
province.  Dr.  Currie  is  at  present  a  mem- 
ber of  the  council  of  the  Associated  Alumni 
of  the  University  of  New  Brunswick,  and 
has  been  since  June,  1885.  He  is  also 
a  coroner  for  York  county,  N.B.  This  ap- 
pointment dates  from  October  17,  1882. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  New  Brunswick 
Medical  Society  and  of  the  Canada  Medical 
Association,  and  at  present  is  vice-president 
for  New  Brunswick  of  the  Canada  Medical 
Association.  In  1886  he  was  appointed  a 
delegate  from  this  association  to  the  meet- 
ing of  the  American  Health  Society,  held 
in  Toronto,  October,  1886.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  several  secret  societies.  He 
became  associated  with  the  Independent 
Order  of  Oddfellows,  August  22,  1881  ; 
with  the  Independent  Order  of  Foresters, 
October  1,  1881  ;  and  with  the  American 
Legion  of  Honour,  September  28,  1880. 
He  still  continues  his  membership  in,  and 
is  physician  to,  each  of  these  societies. 
His  travels  were  not  important,  and  only 
such  as  were  necessary  in  the  prosecution 
of  study  or  on  business.  His  religious 
views  have  always  been  those  held  by  the 
Baptist  church,  but  he  was  not  united  with 
any  religious  society  until  1867,  when  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Fredericton  Bap- 
tist Church.  On  the  5th  of  June,  1877,  he 
was  married  to  Helen  M.  Estey,  second 
daughter  of  the  late  Harris  S.  Estey.  The 


92 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


first  representative  of  this  family  in  New 
Brunswick  was  Zebulon  Estey,  who  came  to 
New  Brunswick  from  Newburyport,  Mass., 
about  1765.  Before  leaving  Newburyport 
he  was  married  to  Mollie  Brown.  After 
coming  to  New  Brunswick  they  had  a  large 
family,  one  member  of  which,  Nehemiah  B. 
Estey,  was  great  grandfather  of  Harris  S. 
Estey.  Dr.  Currie  has  been  eminently  suc- 
cessful in  every  respect  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  He  was  the  originator  and 
one  of  the  principal  promoters  of  the  move- 
ment which  led  to  the  passage  of  the  New 
Brunswick  Medical  Act.  He  is  devoted  to 
his  profession,  giving  his  whole  time  to  it, 
and  taking  a  lively  interest  in  everything 
which  pertains  to  its  well-being. 

Elliott,  Andrew,  Almonte,  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  of  our  woollen  manufac- 
turers, was  born  on  the  3rd  April,  1809,  at 
Stanishwater,  parish  of  Westerkirk,  Esk- 
dale,  Scotland.  His  father,  William  Elliott, 
and  his  mother,  Jane  Jardine,  were  both 
natives  of  Dumfriesshire,  Scotland.  Mr. 
Elliott  received  his  education  at  the  Lang- 
holme  and  Corrie  school,  near  Lockerby, 
which  he  left  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  and 
began  the  battle  of  life  unaided.  In  1834 
he  came  to  Canada,  and  two  years  after 
his  arrival  he  began  business  as  a  grocer 
in  Gait,  Ontario.  Here  he  did  a  good 
business,  built  a  distillery,  ran  it  for  several 
years,  sold  it  out,  and  joined  Kobert  Hunt, 
of  Preston,  in  the  woollen  business.  In 
1853  they  changed  the  factory  into  a  four- 
set  mill,  and  worked  it  very  successfully 
for  about  ten  years.  About  1864,  while 
Mr.  Elliott  was  in  Great  Britain  buying 
wool,  the  mill  was  burnt  down,  but  on  his 
return  he  rebuilt  it,  and  associated  with  him 
in  his  new  venture  (the  old  partnership 
having  been  dissolved)  J.  L.  Hunt  and 
George  Stephen  (now  Sir  George  Stephen, 
bart. ).  The  new  firm  abandoned  the  man- 
ufacture of  cloth,  and  went  into  that  of  flax 
and  linseed  oil.  After  spending  a  great, 
deal  of  money  in  importing  first-class  ma- 
chinery from  Great  Britain,  Ireland  and  the 
United  States,  and  pushing  the  business  for 
about  four  years,  they  found  that  Canada 
was  unsuited  for  such  an  enterprise,  and 
parted  with  the  concern,  having  lost  a  con- 
siderable sum  of  money  by  the  venture. 
Mr.  Elliott  then  sold  out  all  his  property  in 
Preston  and  Gait,  and  purchased  a  woollen 
mill  in  Almonte,  where  for  the  past  seven- 
teen years  he  has  successfully  prosecuted 


his  business.  Mr.  Elliott  was  elected  di 
trict  (Gore  district)  councillor  for  the  to vn 
ship  of  Dumfries  (Upper  Canada),  and  : 
1840  he  was  chosen  the  first  reeve  for  tl 
village  of  Gait,  and  occupied  the  positic 
for  several  years.  The  late  Hon.  Kobe 
Baldwin  made  him  a  magistrate,  and  in  tt 
capacity  he  acted  for  about  ten  years  ;  ai 
was  sent  as  a  delegate  from  the  village 
Gait  and  the  township  of  Dumfries  wi 
an  address  to  Lord  Elgin,  in  MontreJ 
shortly  after  the  destruction  of  the  Parli 
ment  buildings  by  a  mob.  Mr.  Elliott  toe 
an  active  interest  in  railway  extension,  ai 
did  his  share  in  getting  the  Great  Weste: 
Railway  Company  to  build  a  branch  In 
from  Harrisburg  to  Gait.  In  his  young 
days  he  was  a  strong  supporter  of  t] 
Baldwin  administration,  and  even  support* 
the  late  Hon.  George  Brown,  but  refus< 
longer  to  follow  him  as  a  party  leader  whi 
he  left  the  government  of  the  day  ai 
formed  the  "  Grit  "  party;  and  he  has  ev 
since  been  an  opponent  of  the  Eeform  part 
Mr.  Elliott  has  been  a  Presbyterian  frc 
his  youth  up.  In  1839  he  married  Ma 
Hanley,  a  native  of  the  county  of  Longfoi 
Ireland.  He  has  been  a  busy  man,  and  n< 
enjoys  the  fruits  of  his  industry. 

Morion,  Walter  Augu§tu§  Orm 
by,  Barrister,  etc.,  Charlottetown,  Prin 
Edward  Island,  was  born  on  the  24th  E 
cember,  1851,  at  Hamilton,  Prince  Edwa 
Island.  His  father,  Bichard  Willock  M( 
son,  formerly  of  the  island  of  Montserr; 
in  the  West  Indies,  now  of  Upton,  Dundi 
Prince  Edward  Island,  was  a  son  of  the  It 
Eichard  Willock  Morson,  of  Montserrat,  a: 
nephew  of  the  Hon.  Walter  Morson,  M.  ] 
physician  to  the  late  Princess  Soph 
daughter  of  George  III.  His  mother,  Elis 
beth  Codie,  daughter  of  the  late  He 
Patrick  Codie,  of  Cascumpec,  P.  E.  Islar 
and  Annabella  Stewart,  his  wife,  daughl 
of  the  late  Dugald  Stewart,  of  Hamiltc 
P.  E.  Island.  Mr.  Morson,  jr.,  received  1 
education  at  Hamilton,  and  in  1866  remov 
to  Charlottetown,  where  he  secured  emplc 
ment  in  the  "  City  Hardware  Store." 
this  situation  he  remained  until  1872,  wh 
he  gave  up  mercantile  pursuits,  and  beg 
the  study  of  law  with  the  Hon.  W.  W.  Si 
livan,  the  present  attorney- general  a 
premier  of  Prince  Edward  Island.  In  F« 
ruary,  1877,  he  was  admitted  as  an  attorn 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  became  a  me: 
ber  of  the  firm  of  Sullivan,  Maclean  &  M< 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


93 


son.  In  February,  1878,  he  was  called  to 
bhe  bar  of  the  Superior  Court  and  admitted 
as  solicitor  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  In 
March,  1877,  he  was  made  a  notary  public. 
Mr.  Maclean  having  retired  from  the  above 
firm  in  1878,  it  then  became  Sullivan  & 
Morson,  and  so  continued  until  December, 
1882,  when  it  was  dissolved.  Mr.  Morson 
then  entered  into  partnership  with  the  Hon. 
Neil  Macleod,  M.A.,  and  this  arrangement 
continued  until  October,  1883,  when  Neil 
Macquarrie,  the  stipendiary  magistrate  of 
Summerside,  was  admitted  a  partner,  when 
the  name  was  changed  to  MacLeod,  Morson 
&  Macquarrie,  with  offices  at  Summerside 
and  Charlottetown.  Mr.  Morson  was  ap- 
pointed master  in  Chancery  in  1885.  In 
April  of  the  same  year,  on  the  death  of  the 
Hon.  .John  Longworth,  he  was  appointed 
clerk  of  the  Crown  and  prothonotary  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
and  also  registrar  of  the  Court  of  Chancery, 
all  of  which  positions  he  resigned  in  June, 
1885.  On  the  formation  of  the  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island  Provisional  Brigade  of  Garrison 
Artillery,  Mr.  Morson  was  appointed  adju- 
tant, with  rank  of  lieutenant,  2nd  June,  1882 ; 
and  on  the  8th  November,  1884,  he  obtained 
a  first  class  special  course  certificate  from 
the  Royal  School  of  Artillery  in  Quebec. 
He  volunteered  with  two  batteries  of  the 
brigade  for  the  North  West  Territory  on 
the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion  in  1885.  Mr. 
Morson  is  a  busy  man,  yet  he  finds  time  to 
devote  his  attention  to  Masonry.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  Victoria  lodge,  No.  383, 
of  the  Registry  of  Scotland,  since  April 
1870,  and  has  held  several  important  offices 
in  his  lodge,  and  been  depute  master.  In 
religion  Mr.  Morson  is  a  member  of  the 
Episcopal  communion,  and  in  politics  be- 
longs to  the  Conservative  party.  He  is  a 
rising  man,  and  has  a  grand  future  before 
him. 

Oray,  James,  Manager  of  the  Mer- 
chants Bank  of  Canada,  Perth,  Lanark 
county,  Ontario,  was  born  on  the  3rd  of 
September,  1820,  at  Black  Hills,  parish  of 
Elgin,  Morayshire,  Scotland.  Arthur  Gray, 
the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
a  native  of  Morayshire,  Scotland,  and  joined 
the  active  militia  in  1809,  and  in  1811  was 
gazetted  ensign  in  the  2nd  battalion  of  the 
24£h  Regiment  of  the  line.  In  November  of 
the  same  year  he  proceeded  with  his  regi- 
ment to  the  Peninsula,  where  he  joined  the 
army  under  the  command  of  the  late  Duke 


of  Wellington,  and  served  till  the  end  of  the 
war,  during  which  he  was  present  at  the  fol- 
lowing battles  and  sieges  :  In  the  covering 
division  at  the  siege  and  capture  of  Badejoz; 
the  battle  of  Salamanca  (where  he  carried 
the  colours);  the  capture  of  the  Retiro  and 
the  siege  of  Burgos,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  the  storming  of  the  outer  line,  on  which 
occasion  the  battalion  suffered  so  severely 
that  it  became  necessary  to  incorporate  it  in 
a  provisional  battalion  with  the  58th  Regi- 
ment; on  the  raising  of  the  siege  of  Burgos 
he  was  the  last  officer  to  quit  the  trenches, 
having  been  left  with  a  piquet  to  see  the 
works  blown  up  at  all  hazards,  and  at  the 
imminent  risk  of  being  taken  prisoner,  being 
fortunate  enough,  however,  to  regain  his 
regiment  after  executing  the  orders  he  had 
received ;  he  commanded  a  company  during 
the  rest  of  the  retreat  into  Portugal,  and  suf- 
fered great  hardships  consequent  upon  such 
retreat.  He  was  also  engaged  in  the  battle 
of  Vittoria,  and  the  actions  in  the  Pyrenees 
for  four  successive  days,  including  the  at- 
tack on  the  heights  of  Echellar,  where  the 
battalion  in  which  he  was  serving  received 
on  the  grounds  the  thanks  of  Lord  Dalhousie 
for  their  gallant  conduct.  He  was  also  at 
the  battles  of  Nevelle  and  Orthes,  the  in- 
vestment of  Bayonne,  besides  a  great  num- 
ber of  affairs  of  outposts  and  skirmishes, 
and  was  not  absent  from  his  battalion  for 
one  day  during  the  whole  period  of  these 
memorable  events.  On  the  return  of  the 
battalion  he  was  removed  to  the  1st  Battal- 
ion of  the  24th  Regiment,  and  proceeded  to 
join  it  in  the  East  Indies  in  February,  1815. 
He  served  with  this  corps  in  the  Nepaul 
war,  the  campaigns  of  1815  and  1816,  in- 
cluding the  battle  of  Harriagrove;  and  in 
the  Mahratta  campaigns  of  1817  and  1818. 
During  the  Indian  campaign  he  fell  a  victim 
to  severe  liver  disease,  and  was  compelled 
to  return  to  England  in  1819,  and  on  the 
expiration  of  his  leave  in  1820,  still  being 
disabled  from  active  duty  from  this  cause, 
he  was  retired  on  half-pay.  His  health 
having  been  restored,  in  1839  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  first  battalion  Royal  regi- 
ment, with  which  he  served  at  Gibraltar  to 
August,  1841,  when  Lord  Hill  removed  him 
to  the  Royal  Canadian  rifle  regiment.  In 
1847  he  was  appointed  by  His  Grace  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  captain  in  the  Ceylon 
rifle  regiment,  and  proceeded  to  Ceylon. 
An  insurrection  breaking  out  there  he  was 
placed  second  in  command,  and  shortly 


94 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


after  the  commander  of  a  corps  to  scour 
the  jungle  and  disperse  the  rebels.  In  con- 
sequence of  exposure  while  on  this  mission 
he  was  attacked  with  dysentery,  and  being 
carried  along  with  his  column  to  Kandy  he 
there  died.  James  Gray  received  an  Eng- 
lish and  classical  education  in  the  St.  An- 
drew's school  of  his  native  shire,  and  came 
to  Canada  in  1844,  and  settled  in  Montreal. 
The  same  year  he  entered  the  service  of  the 
Bank  of  Montreal,  in  that  city.  He  was 
over  a  quarter  of  a  century  in  the  employ 
of  this  great  monetary  institution,  and  dur- 
ing this  time  resided  in  Kingston,  Picton, 
and  Perth.  In  1868  he  resigned  his  position 
in  the  Bank  of  Montreal,  and  was  appointed 
manager  of  the  branch  of  the  Merchants 
Bank  in  Perth,  which  position  he  still  occu- 
pies with  credit  to  himself  and  satisfaction 
to  his  employers.  Mr.  Gray  is  connected 
with  the  Presbyterian  church  ;  but  in  poli- 
tics he  takes  little  interest.  He  is  married 
to  Mary  Robinson,  a  daughter  of  the  late 
Dr.  Moore,  of  Picton,  who,  during  his  life- 
time, was  a  staunch  supporter  of  the  late 
lamented  Hon.  George  Brown,  and  in  sym- 
pathy with  the  political  reforms  advocated 
by  that  great  man. 

L.a  .'viol lie.  Oulllaume  Jean  Bap- 
ti§te,  Postmaster,  Montreal,  was  born  in 
Montreal  on  September  24th,  1824.  He  is 
the  son  of  Capt.  Joseph  Maurice  La  Mothe, 
who  married  Marie  J.  Laframboise,  in  Mon- 
treal, on  the  1st  February,  1813.  Captain 
Joseph  Maurice  La  Mothe  was  superinten- 
dent of  the  Indian  Department  from  1816 
until  his  decease  in  1827.  He  was  also  cap- 
tain and  in  command  of  the  Indian  allies 
at  the  battle  of  Chateauguay,  and  was  fa- 
vourably reported  in  the  orders  of  the  day 
for  gallant  conduct.  His  grandfather  was 
Captain  Joseph  La  Mothe,  who  was  born 
25th  January,  1742,  and  married  24th  No- 
vember, 1777,  to  Catherine  Blondeau.  In 
March,  1776,  the  military  commandant  in 
Montreal  entrusted  Captain  J.  La  Mothe 
with  most  important  despatches  for  General 
Guy  Carleton,  then  besieged  in  Quebec  by 
the  American  army.  Accompanied  by  Mr. 
Papineau  (father  of  the  Hon.  L.  J.  Papi- 
neau),  he  started  from  Montreal  on  foot, 
and  after  a  long  and  dangerous  tramp, 
managing  to  cross  the  American  lines  at 
night,  safely  delivered  the  despatches  in 
proper  time,  which  contributed  to  the  Sal- 
vation of  Quebec.  His  great  grandfather 
was  Pierre  La  Mothe,  married  first  to  Marie 


Anne  St.  Ives,  and  in  January,  1740  (beinj 
then  a  widower),  he  married  Angeliqu 
Caron,  in  Montreal.  His  father  and  mothe 
were  Bruno  La  Mothe  and  Jeanne  Le  Valoi* 
who  came  originally  from  the  diocese  c 
Bordeaux,  France.  The  family,  whose  coi 
rect  name  is  de  La  Mothe  (as  mentionei 
in  old  family  documents),  was  residing  i 
Montreal  as 'early  as  1673,  and  in  168 
Pierre  de  Saint  Paul  de  La  Mothe  hai 
the  command  of  the  town  and  island  c 
Montreal.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  re 
ceived  his  education  at  St.  Hyacinthe  Co] 
lege  and  at  Montreal  College.  In  Septenc 
ber,  1852,  he  received  a  commission  a 
lieutenant  in  the  Montreal  Sedentary  Ca\ 
airy,  but  this  position  he  resigned  in  Marcl 
1854.  On  the  17th  of  January,  1856,  h 
was  appointed  lieutenant  in  No.  2  troo 
Militia  Cavalry,  Montreal,  and  on  the  23r 
of  April,  1857,  was  retransf erred  to  an 
promoted  captain  in  the  Sedentary  Cavalr 
of  Montreal.  On  the  7th  of  Novembe] 
1862,  he  was  transferred  to  and  promote 
major  commanding  the  Rifle  Companie 
(Police)  Active  force  in  Montreal.  On  th 
26th  of  November,  1861,  Captain  La  Moth 
was  appointed  chief  of  police  for  Montrea 
This  office  he  held  until  the  30th  January 
1865,  when  he  resigned.  He  effected  th 
capture  of  the  famous  St.  Albans  raider 
a  few  months  previous.  And  on  the  15t 
of  July,  1874,  he  was  appointed  to  th 
postmastership  of  his  native  city,  and  thi 
important  position  he  fills  to-day.  Mr.  L 
Mothe  has  been  actively  connected  with  th 
development  of  gold  mines  in  Nova  Scotia 
copper  mines  in  the  Eastern  Townships,  an 
iron  mines  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence 
where  he  discovered  the  magnetic  iron  or 
deposit  at  Moisie.  Upon  report  made  t 
friends  respecting  the  value  of  the  ore  an 
extent  of  the  deposit,  the  Moisie  Iron  Com 
pany  was  formed.  This  company  has  mar 
ufactured  malleable  iron  pronounced  i 
England  and  France  equal  to  the  besi 
During  the  years  from  1846  to  1851  inch] 
sive,  Mr.  La  Mothe  travelled  extensive! 
through  England,  France,  Switzerland,  an 
Italy  ;  and  while  in  England  he  joined  th 
expedition  against  Ecuador  (South  Amei 
ica),  which,  after  putting  to  sea,  was  ovei 
taken  by  a  British  man-of-war,  and  brougt 
back  to  London.  He  also  took  part  in  th 
French  Revolution  of  1848,  and  at  th 
storming  of  the  Tuileries  he  was  one  of  th 
first  to  enter  the  place.  After  this  event  h 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


95 


travelled  through  Switzerland  on  foot,  then 
on  to  Italy,  where  he  married,  and  then  re- 
turned to  Canada.  For  fifteen  years  of  his 
life,  Mr.  La  Mothe  was  actively  engaged  in 
politics  on  the  Liberal  side.  In  religion  he 
is  a  respected  member  of  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic church.  He  was  married  in  Florence, 
Italy,  in  1850,  to  Marguerite  de  Savoye, 
and  his  family  consists  of  one  son  and  four 
daughters,  all  living.  The  son,  Henri,  is 
married  to  Marie,  youngest  daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  Judge  Bosse,  of  Quebec.  The 
eldest  daughter,  Marguerite,  is  married  to 
Hon.  J.  B.  Thibaudeau,  senator  for  division 
of  Eigaud.  His  second  daughter  is  married 
to  Henri  Hamel,  of  the  firm  of  J.  Hamel  & 
Frere,  Quebec.  The  two  youngest  daugh- 
ters, Juliette  and  Marie,  are  unmarried. 

MHcColI,  Evan,  Kingston,  Ontario, 
was  born  at  Kenmore,  Lochfyne-side,  Scot- 
land, on  the  21st  of  September,  1808,  where 
he  is  well-known  as  the  "  Mountain  Min- 
strel." He  early  developed  a  taste  for  poetry, 
and  in  1837  contributed  to  the  Glasgow  Gae- 
lic Magazine.  The  poet  gives  a  very  strik- 
ing account  of  his  first  attempt  at  Gaelic 
verse.  He  took  into  his  confidence  a  young 
friend,  a  capital  singer,  taught  him  a  song 
without  mentioning  that  he  was  the  author 
of  it,  and  got  him  to  sing  it  the  same  even- 
ing at  a  neighbour's  house  at  Kenmore.  It 
was  received  with  great  applause.  From  that 
hour  Evan  MacColl  felt  himself  a  bard  and 
became  supremely  happy.  Some  time  after 
he  published  a  small  volume  of  poems  in 
Gaelic,  and  another  in  English,  which  were 
reviewed  by  Dr.  McLeod,  Hugh  Miller,  the 
celebrated  geologist,  and  other  British  crit- 
ics, in  the  highest  terms  of  admiration.  In 
1831  Mr.  MacColTs  father,  with  the  rest  of  his 
family,  emigrated  to  Canada,  but  Evan  re- 
mained behind,  and  eight  years  afterwards  he 
accepted  a  position  in  the  Customs  at  Liver- 
pool. In  1846  he  published  a  second  vol- 
ume of  poems  which  was  even  more  highly 
appreciated  than  the  first.  Of  this  work,  Dr. 
Norman  McLeod  wrote:  " Evan  MacColl' s 
poetry  is  the  product  of  a  mind  impressed 
with  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  the  lovely 
scenes  in  which  his  infancy  has  been  nursed. 
We  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  this 
work  is  that  of  a  man  possessed  of  much 
poetic  genius.  Wild,  indeed,  and  sometimes 
rough  are  his  rhymes  and  epithets  ;  yet 
there  are  thoughts  so  new  and  striking — 
images  and  comparisons  so  beautiful  and 
original — feelings  so  warm  and  fresh — that 


stamp  this  Highland  peasant  as  no  ordinary 
man."  In  1850,  in  consequence  of  ill-health, 
he  visited  Canada,  and  while  here  received 
an  appointment  to  the  Customs  at  Kingston. 
He  never  solicited  any  favour  from  the  Con- 
servatives, and  the  overthrow  of  the  Mac- 
kenzie government  in  1878  effectually 
quenched  his  hopes  of  preferment,  and  two 
years  afterwards  he  was  superannuated.  No- 
man  ought  to  know  Mr.  MacColl  better  than 
his  friend,  Charles  Sangster,  a  poet  of  con- 
siderable repute,  who  speaks  thus  of  him 
in  his  article  in  Wilson's  work  on  Scottish 
bards : — 

"In  private  life  he  is,  both  by  precept  and  ex- 
ample, all  that  could  be  desired.  He  has  an  in- 
tense love  for  all  that  is  really  good  and  beautiful,, 
and  a  true  and  manly  scorn  for  all  that  is  false, 
time-serving,  or  hypocritical ;  there  is  no  narrow- 
mindedness,  no  bigotry  in  his  soul.  In  the  do- 
mestic circle,  all  the  warmth  in  the  man's  heart — 
the  full  flow  of  genuine  feeling  and  affection— is 
ever  uppermost.  He  is  a  thoroughly  earnest, 
man,  in  whose  daily  walks  and  conversation  as 
well  as  in  his  actions,  Longfellow's  '  Psalm  of 
Life '  is  acted  out  in  verity.  In  his  friendship  he 
is  sincere  ;  in  his  dislikes  equally  so.  He  is  thor- 
oughly Scottish  in  his  leanings.  His  national 
love  burns  with  intensity.  In  poetry,  he  is  not 
merely  zealous,  but  enthusiastic,  and  he  carries 
his  natural  force  of  character  into  all  he  says  and 
does." 

All  his  virtues  he  inherited  from  his  par- 
ents. Among  Evan  MacColl' s  old  country 
friends  have  been  John  Mackenzie,  of  "  The 
Beauties ; "  the  late  B.  Carruthers,  LL.D., 
Hugh  Miller,  the  brothers  Sobeiskie  Stew- 
art, at  Eilean-Aigais,  and  drank  with  them 
out  of  a  cuach,  once  the  property  of  Prince 
Charlie  ;  Dugald  Moore,  author  of  "  Scenes 
before  the  Flood,"  and  "The  Bard  of  the 
North ; "  Alexander  Bogers,  the  author  of 
"Behave  yourself  before  Folk,"  Bev.  Dr. 
Norman  McLeod,  Dr.  Chambers,  Bailey, 
the  author  of  "Festus;"  Leighton,  author 
of  "  The  Christening  of  the  Bairn ; "  J.  Stuart 
Blackie,  the  great  Edinburgh  professor  ; 
James  Logan,  author  of  "The  Scottish 
Gael  ;  "  Eraser,  of  Fraser's  Magazine,  and 
Hugh  Eraser,  the  publisher  of  "Leabhar 
nan  Cnoc."  He  is  a  member  of  the  Boyal 
Canadian  Literary  and  Scientific  Society, 
founded  by  the  Marquis  of  Lome,  and  was 
the  guest  several  times  of  his  lordship  and 
the  Princess  Louise  at  Bideau  Hall,  Ottawa. 
MacColl  has  been  twice  married.  Of  a 
family  of  nine  sons  and  daughters,  Evan, 
the  poet's  eldest  son,  has  been  educated  for 
the  ministry,  and  is  now  pastor  of  the  Con- 
gregational Church  at  Middleville,  Ontario. 


96 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


His  eldest  daughter's  productions  have 
merited  a  very  high  admiration,  and  the 
more  youthful  members  of  his  family  give 
promise  of  proving  worthy  of  the  stock 
from  whence  they  sprang.  John  Massie,  of 
Keene,  a  brother  poet,  not  having  heard 
from  the  "  Bard  of  Lock  Fyne  "  for  over 
six  weeks  after  having  written  him  a  letter, 
thus  addressed  the  Limestone  City : — 

Say,  Kingston,  tell  us  where  is  Evan  ? 
Thy  bard  o'  pure  poetic  leaven  ! 
And  is  he  still  atnang  the  livin'  ? 

Or  plumed  supernal, 
Has  taen  a  jink  and  aff  to  heaven, 

There  sing  eternal ! 

Or  if  within  your  bounds  you  find  him, 
A'  bruised  and  broken,  skilfu'  bind  him  ; 
Or  sick,  or  sair,  O  !  caref  u'  mind  him, 

Thy  darling  chiel  ! 
And  dinna  lat  him  look  behind  him 

Until  he's  weel. 

But  if  he's  gane,  ah,  wae's  to  me  ! 
His  like  we  never  mair  shall  see,— 
Nae  servile,  whinging  coof  was  he, 

Led  by  a  string, 
But  noble,  gen'rous,  fearless,  free, 

His  sang  he'd  sing. 

Hech,  sirs  !  we  badly  could  bide  loss  him, 
For  should  this  world  vindictive  toss  him, 
Or  ony  hizzie  dare  to  boss  him, 

Clean  gyte  he'd  set  her  ; 
The  deil  himsel'.  he  daur'dna  cross  him, 

Faith,  he  ken'd  better  ! 

Let  any  man,  o'  any  station, 

But  wink  at  fraud,  or  wrong  the  nation, 

E'en  gowd,  nor  place, 'twas  nae  temptation 

To  sic  a  chiel, — 
He'd  shortly  settle  their  oration, 

And  drub  them  weel. 

Or  let  them  say't,  be't  high  or  low, 
Auld  Scotia  ever  met  the  foe, 
That  laid  her  in  the  dust  fu'  low, 

Right  at  them  see  him  ! 
Professor  George  still  rues  the  blow 

MacColl  did  gie  him. 

Is  history  in  Fiction's  grip, 

Does  Falsehood  let  her  bloodhounds  slip, 

Crack  goes  his  castigating  whip, 

With  patriot  scorn  ! 
Macaulay  laid  upon  his  hip, 

Amidst  the  corn. 

Does  English  critic  meanly  itch, 

To  cast  old  Ossian  in  the  ditch, 

And  trail  his  laurels  through  the  pitch 

Of  mind  benighted ; 
Our  bardie  gies  his  lugs  a  twitch 

And  sees  it  righted. 

In  a'  this  warld,  there's  no  a  skellum, 
Nor  silly  self -conceited  blelluin, 


But  Evan,  lad,  wad  bravely  tell  'em 

The  honest  truth  ; 
E'en  if  he  kend  that  they  should  fell  !im' 

Withouten  ruth. 

Ye  feathered  things  in  mournfu'  tune, 
Come  join  my  waesome,  doleful  croon  ; 
Ye  dogs  that  bay  the  silver  moon, 

Your  sorrow  show  it ; 
And  a'  ye  tearfu'  starns  aboon, 

Bewail  our  poet. 

What  though  this  grasping  world,  and  hard, 
May  barely  grant  him  just  reward, 
Still  shall  his  genius  blissful  starred, 

Effulgent  shine, 
And  endless  ages  praise  the  bard 

Of  fair  Loch  Fyne. 

Mr.  MacColl  has  many  admirers  in  Can- 
ada, in  proof  of  which  he  has  lately  issued 
the  third  edition  of  his  poems  here,  and 
they  are  having  a  good  sale.  His  Gaelic 
Lyrics,  lately  issued  in  Edinburgh,  is  also 
attracting  attention  among  his  countrymen 
on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

Lake,  John  Neilson,  Stock  Broker, 
Toronto,  was  born  on  the  fourth  concession 
of  the  township  of  Ernesttown,  county  of 
Addington,  Ontario,  on  the  19th  August, 
1834.  His  great  grandfather  and  grandfather 
owned  part  of  Staten  Island,  New  York  state, 
and  when  the  war  of  independence  broke  out 
they  took  sides  with  the  British,  and  with 
sons  and  sons-in-law  fought  for  their  king 
and  country.  The  family  removed  to  Upper 
Canada  about  1782,  and  as  U.  E.  loyalists 
received  a  grant  of  15,000  acres  of  land,  and 
settled  near  the  village  of  Bath,  west  of 
Kingston.  James  Lake,  the  father  of  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  was  born  near  Bath 
in  1791,  and  with  the  exception  of  a  short 
period,  he  resided,  until  his  death,  in  the 
township  of  Ernesttown.  His  mother  was 
Margaret  Bell,  daughter  of  John  Bell,  of 
Ernesttown,  who,  though  a  U.  E.  loyalist, 
did  not  remove  to  Canada  until  1810.  John, 
until  his  sixteenth  year,  attended  school, 
when  he  joined  his  brothers  in  the  carriage 
business,  and  at  the  same  time  he  learned 
drafting  and  architecture  At  twenty-one 
he  gave  up  this  profession  and  entered  the 
ministry  of  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  church 
as  a  probationer,  and  spent  the  years  1855-6 
in  the  town  of  Picton  ;  1857  in  Aylmer  ; 
1858  in  Ingersoll  ;  1859  in  HullsviUe  ; 
1862  in  Markham  ;  1865  in  Pickering, 
followed  as  stations  in  succession;  but  in 
1866,  in  consequence  of  a  peculiar  affection 
of  the  eye  producing  double  vision,  and 
preventing  all  study,  he  was  compelled  to 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


97 


linquish  the  ministry  for  awhile.  In  1869, 
s  health  being  somewhat  improved,  he 
jain  attempted  the  ministerial  work,  and 
is  stationed  at  the  town  of  Niagara  ;  but 

less  than  twelve  months  thereafter  it  be- 
,me  evident  that  this  mode  of  usefulness 
•uld  not  be  continued,  and  he  was  reluc- 
ntly  compelled  to  abandon  the  ministry, 
e  moved  to  Toronto,  and  in  1870  opened 
real  estate  and  loan  office,  just  at  the  time 
lien  the  value  of  property  was  beginning 

improve,  and  when  there  were  only  two 
al  estate  brokers  in  the  city.  In  1875  he 
is  joined  by  J.  P.  Clark,  of  the  town  of 
rampton,  and  soon  the  firm  of  Lake  & 
ark  became  widely  known  and  highly 
listed.  In  1882  Mr.  Lake  retired  from 
e  firm,  and  four  years  later  Mr.  Clark 
ive  up  business,  when  the  firm  of  Lake 

Clark  ceased  to  be  longer  known  as 
>alers  in  real  estate.  During  all  these 
sars  Mr.  Lake  was  very  intimately  associ- 
ed  with  church  work,  and  the  Sherbourne 
,reet  Methodist  Church  owes  not  a  little 

its  success  to  his  labours  and  gener- 
is contributions.  In  1881  he  was  induced 
r  his  numerous  friends  to  permit  himself 

be  put  in  nomination  as  alderman  for 
i.  Thomas  Avard,  and  having  surrendered 
3  standing  as  a  minister,  he  consented, 
id  was  elected  a  member  of  the  city  coun- 
..  One  year  in  the  council  seems  to  have 
tisfied  Mr.  Lake,  for  although  next  year  he 
is  strongly  urged  by  his  St.  Thomas  ward 
nstituency  to  again  act  as  their  represen- 
tive,  he  refused  to  concede  to  this  request, 
id  retired  from  municipal  politics.  Poli- 
;ally  Mr.  Lake  has  always  been  a  Be- 
rmer,  but  he  is  not  a  person  who  would 
pport  a  party  without  a  good  and  suffi- 
mt  reason.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
>ronto  Stock  Exchange,  and  of  the  To- 
nto  Board  of  Trade,  for  many  years,  and 

president  of  the  American  Watch  Case 
>mpany  ;  secretary  of  the  Ontario  Folding 
ieel  Gate  Company ;  director  of  the  North 
nerican  Life  Assurance  Company,  and 
lairman  of  the  agency  committee.  He  is 
30  treasurer  of  the  Union  Belief  Fund, 
id  of  the  Church  and  Parsonage  Aid 
ind  of  the  Methodist  church  ;  has  been 
sasurer  from  the  beginning  of  the  Sher- 
>urne  Street  Methodist  Church,  and  was 
ganizer  and  superintendent  of  its  Sunday 
hool  for  the  first  eleven  years.  Mr.  Lake 
is  lately  elected  chairman  of  the  commit- 
&  on  plans  for  the  new  Victoria  College 
F 


buildings  to  be  erected  in  the  Queen's  Park, 
Toronto,  for  the  Methodist  Church,  at  a  cost 
of  about  $200,000.  We  may  add  that  Mr. 
Lake  has  done  a  good  deal  to  improve  To- 
ronto during  the  past  fifteen  years,  having 
built  residences  worth  about  $200,000,  in 
the  most  improved  style  of  architecture, 
and  his  own  residence, — 286  Sherbourne 
street — is  a  model  of  completeness  and  con- 
venience. In  June,  1859,  he  was  married 
to  Emily  Jane,  youngest  daughter  of  S.  V. 
B.  Douglas,  of  Burford,  Brant  county,  and 
granddaughter  of  the  Bev.  Thomas  White- 
head,  a  gentleman  who  occupied  a  promi- 
nent position  in  the  Methodist  church  from 
1790  to  1840. 

De  Sola,  Abraham,  LL.D. — The  late 
Dr.  de  Sola  was  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished scholars  who  ever  graced  an  Ameri- 
can-Jewish pulpit.  His  reputation  as  an 
Orientalist,  theologian  and  linguist,  was  not 
confined  to  his  own  people;  the  profundity 
and  extraordinary  intellectual  acumen  which 
characterized  his  numerous  writings  and 
researches  having  won  for  him  wide  renown 
among  the  savants  both  of  this  continent 
and  of  Europe.  He  was  descended  from  a 
very  ancient  and  celebrated  Jewish  family, 
his  ancestors  having,  in  their  migration  from 
Judea,  gradually  moved  across  Northern 
Africa,  until,  crossing  the  Straits'  of  Gibral- 
tar, we  find  them  settled  in  Spain  as  early 
as  the  close  of  the  sixth  century.  Here  the 
de  Solas  became  very  distinguished  in  the 
higher  walks  of  life.  They  assisted  the 
Saracens,  when  the  mighty  sons  of  the  de- 
sert overran  the  Iberian  Peninsula,  and  in 
return  were  received  in  high  favour  at  the 
court  of  the  Caliphs.  The  Gothic  princes 
also  treated  them  with  distinction;  and  in 
Navarre,  where  a  branch  of  the  family  set- 
tled, Don  Bartolom6  de  Sola  attained  to 
such  influence  as  to  be  ennobled  and  creat- 
ed a  minister  of  state,  and  at  one  time  exer- 
cised the  functions  of  Viceroy.  Another  de 
Sola  won  renown  by  his  prowess  in  battle, 
when  fighting  under  the  Infante  of  Aragon, 
in  the  fourteenth  century.  For  several  cen- 
turies they  continued  to  flourish  hi  Spain, 
the  family  being  famed  for  the  large  num- 
ber of  illustrious  men  it  produced,  eminent 
as  authors,  rabbis,  physicians,  and  cour- 
tiers. In  1492,  in  consequence  of  their  ad- 
herence to  Judaism,  they  suffered  the  fate  of 
all  Spanish  Jews,  being  condemned  to  exile 
by  the  edict  of  the  bigoted  Ferdinand  and 
Isabella.  They  fled  to  Holland,  where  they 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


soon  again  rose  to  distinction  in  the  world  of 
letters.  One  member  of  the  family,  however, 
lingered  behind  in  Portugal,  eluding  the  vi- 
gilance of  his  persecutors  by  professing  to 
become  a^New  Christian  (as  Jewish  converts 
to  Christianity  were  styled),  while  he  secretly 
continued  to  follow  Judaism.  During  several 
generations  some  of  his  descendants  contin- 
ued to  reside  in  Lisbon,  where  they  possessed 
much  wealth,  remaining  ever  true  to  their 
ancestral  faith,  and  all  resorting  to  the  same 
hazardous  expedient  to  escape  the  notice  of 
the  Inquisition.  But  the  fact  that  they 
•often  sent  their  children  to  Holland,  that 
they  might  be  the  better  able  to  follow 
Judaism,  at  length  aroused  the  suspicions 
•of  the  Holy  Office  ;  and  towards  the  close 
of  the  seventeenth  century  David  de  Sola 
was  suddenly  pounced  upon  and  incarcer- 
ated in  the  cells  of  the  Inquisition-House. 
He  bore  the  most  frightful  tortures  heroic- 
ally, and,  as  no  confession  could  be  forced 
from  his  lips,  nor  aught  proved  against  him, 
he  was  released;  but  his  shattered  frame 
never  recovered  from  the  terrible  agonies 
he  had  suffered.  Years  afterwards  the 
suspicions  of  the  Inquisition  were  again 
aroused,  and  two  members  of  the  family  were 
seized,  tortured,  and  having  been  found 
guilty  of  secret  adherence  to  Judaism,  suf- 
fered death  at  an  Auto-da-Fe.  Aaron  de 
Sola  (son  of  the  above-mentioned  David) 
was  then  the  head  of  the  Lisbon  branch 
of  the  family,  and,  alarmed  at  the  fright- 
ful fate  of  his  two  relatives,  took  refuge 
with  his  wife  and  children  on  an  Eng- 
lish man-of-war,  which  then  lay  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Tagus,  only  just  in  time  to 
escape  the  officers  of  the  Holy  Office,  who 
were  in  pursuit  of  him.  Landed  safely  in 
London,  by  the  friendly  English  captain, 
Aaron  de  Sola  had  no  sooner  put  foot  upon 
free  soil,  than  he  openly  proclaimed  his  ad- 
herence to  the  faith  which  he  and  his  fathers 
had  so  long  followed  in  secret.  This  was 
in  1749.  He  proceeded  shortly  after  with 
his  family  to  Amsterdam,  where  he  took  up 
his  abode.  His  eldest  son,  David,  was  the 
ancestor  of  the  Abraham  de  Sola  who  forms 
the  subject  of  this  sketch;  while  his  young- 
est son,  Benjamin,  became  one  of  the  most 
eminent  practitioners  in  Holland,  and  was 
Court  Physician  to  William  V.,  and  the  au- 
thor of  numerous  medical  works.  Another 
son  of  Aaron  de  Sola  settled  in  Curagao, 
and  was  the  progenitor  of  that  General  Juan 
de  Sola  who  won  such  high  military  distinc- 


tion fighting  under  Bolivar  and  Paez  in  the 
revolt  of  the  South  American  Colonies  from 
Spain.  In  1690  another  member  of  the 
family,  Isaac  de  Sola,  became  famed  in 
London  as  a  preacher  and  author.  Some 
volumes  of  his  writings  are  still  to  be  seen 
among  the  rare  collections  of  European 
libraries.  Abraham  de  Sola  was  born  on 
the  18th  September,  1825.  His  father, 
David  Aaron  de  Sola,  was  a  very  prominent 
rabbi,  celebrated  for  his  theological  writ- 
ings, and  had  removed  from  Amsterdam  to 
London,  England,  early  in  the  present  cen- 
tury, where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
born.  His  mother  was  of  the  illustrious 
Meldola  family,  who  had  furnished  leading 
rabbis  to  the  Jews  of  Europe  for  twelve  con- 
secutive generations.  From  childhood  Abra- 
ham de  Sola  betrayed  a  strong  inclination 
for  study,  and  having  received  a  thorough 
training  in  those  branches  which  form  the 
usual  curriculum  of  higher  education,  he 
turned  his  attention  to  theological  and  lin- 
guistic studies,  and  early  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  that  deep  acquaintance  with  orien- 
tal languages  and  literature  which  after- 
wards won  him  such  renown.  In  1846  he 
was  offered  the  position  of  minister  of  the 
Congregation  of  Portuguese  Jews  of  Mon- 
treal, and,  having  accepted  this  call,  ar- 
rived in  Canada  early  in  1847.  Here  began 
the  great  work  of  his  life.  Shortly  after 
his  advent  to  Montreal  his  eloquent  ser- 
mons in  the  Synagogue  attracted  the  at- 
tention of  the  Mercantile  Library  Associa- 
tion, and  upon  invitation  he  delivered  be- 
fore this  body  a  series  of  lectures  upon  the 
history  of  the  Jews  of  England.  The  in- 
terest evoked  by  these  efforts  led  to  his  de- 
livering a  further  course  of  lectures  upon 
Jewish  history  before  this  association 
the  following  year,  and  also  before  the 
Mechanics'  Institute.  In  1848  he  pub- 
lished his  "Notes  on  the  Jews  of  Persia, 
under  Mohammed  Shah."  This  was  followed 
by  "  A  History  of  the  Jews  of  Persia,"  and 
within  the  same  year  he  published  his  "  Lec- 
tures on  Scripture  Zoology"  which  was 
succeeded  by  his  "  Lectures  on  the  Mosaic 
Cosmogony."  Shortly  afterwards  he  gave  to 
the  world  "  The  Cosmography  of  Peritsol," 
a  work  which  at  once  attracted  great  at- 
tention and  brought  its  author  prominently 
to  the  front.  It  received  such  favourable 
notice  from  leading  reviews  as  to  be  repub- 
lished  in  part  by  the  Occident  and  other 
magazines,  and  translations  in  various  Ian- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


99 


guages  were  brought  out  by  publishers  in 
foreign  countries.  As  late  as  1881  we  find 
it  attracting  the  attention  of  the  learned 
Chevalier  Pesaro,  of  Italy,  in  the  columns  of 
an  Italian  review.  His  next  important 
work  "  A  Commentary  on  Samuel  Hanna- 
gid's  Introduction  to  the  Talmud,"  dis- 
played a  deep  and  broad  acquaintance  with 
rabbinical  literature,  and  was  received  with 
marked  approbation  by  the  literati  of  this 
continent  and  Europe.  His  literary  la- 
bours had  now  made  him  a  prominent  figure 
among  the  learned  bodies  of  Montreal,  and 
in  1853  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  He- 
brew and  Oriental  literature  at  McGill  Uni- 
versity, Montreal,  a  position  which  he  con- 
tinued to  fill  with  marked  ability  during 
the  rest  of  his  life,  and  for  which  his  deep 
knowledge  of  Semitic  tongues  particularly 
adapted  him.  He  was  also  a  co-labourer 
of  Sir  William  Dawson  in  the  Natural  His- 
tory Society,  as  well  as  at  McGill,  and  did 
much  towards  vitalizing  and  extending  the 
usefulness  of  that  body.  In  1853,  in  con- 
junction with  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Lyons,  of  New 
York,  he  published  his  work  on  "  The  Jew- 
ish Calendar  System,"  containing  a  very 
exhaustive  and  abstruse  treatise  upon  the 
Jewish  mode  of  calculating  time  by  the 
lunar  system.  Some  years  after  this  he 
completed  one  of  his  greatest  and  most 
learned  productions,  "  The  Sanitory  Insti- 
tutions of  the  Hebrews  ; "  a  work  contain- 
ing a  most  elaborate  and  critical  considera- 
tion of  the  rabbinical  dietary  and  hygienic 
laws,  as  based  upon  the  Jewish  traditional 
exposition  of  the  hygienic  statutes  of  the 
Bible,  viewed  in  the  light  of  modern  scien- 
tific discoveries.  The  work  excited  alike 
the  applause  of  scientists  and  of  rabbinical 
scholars,  and  the  eminence  to  which  its 
author  had  now  attained  resulted  in  his 
having  the  degree  of  LL.D.  conferred  upon 
him  in  1858.  Shortly  after  the  publication 
•of  "  The  Sanitory  Institutions  of  the  He- 
brews," Dr.  de  Sola  published  a  supple- 
mental work  to  it,  entitled,  "Behemoth 
Hatemeoth  ;  "  and  in  1860,  when  Dr.  Hall 
founded  the  British  American  Journal, 
devoted  to  the  advancement  of  medical  and 
physical  sciences,  Dr.  de  Sola  accepted  an  in- 
vitation to  assist  the  publication,  and  among 
many  others  of  his  writings  that  appeared 
in  this  journal  his  articles  "  Upon  the  Em- 
ployment of  Anaesthetics  in  cases  of  Labour, 
in  conection  with  Jewish  Law,"  is  specially 
worthy  of  notice.  During  the  succeeding 


decade  he  was  particularly   active  with  his 
pen,  bringing  out  in  rapid  succession  num- 
erous works  and  treatises,  besides  constant- 
ly lecturing  before    various    literary   and 
scientific  associations.     Of  his  writings  and 
lectures   at  this  period  the  principal  ones 
were  :    "  Scripture  Botany,"  "  Sinaitic  In- 
scriptions," "  Hebrew  Numismatics,"  "Phil- 
ological  Studies  in  Hebrew  and  the   Ara- 
maic Languages,"    "  The  Ancient  Hebrews 
as  Promoters  of  the  Arts  and  Sciences,"  and 
"  The  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Great  He- 
brew Colleges."     For  several  years  he  oc- 
cupied the  position  of  President  of  the  Na- 
tural History  Society,  and  in  that  capacity 
he   received  Prince   Arthur  (now  Duke  of 
Connaught)    when    His    Royal  Highness 
visited  the  society  in  1870.      His  address 
upon  "  The  Study  of  Natural  Science,"  de- 
livered before  the  Prince  upon  this  occasion, 
called  forth   a  letter  of   approbation  from 
Queen  Victoria.     In  1869  Dr.  de  Sola  com- 
pleted his  valuable  historical  work  entitled, 
"  The  Life  of  Shabethai  Tsevi,  the  Jewish 
False  Messiah."     This  was  followed  by  two 
other  important  historical  works  :  "  The  His- 
tory of  the  Jews  of  Poland,"  published  in 
1870,  and  "The  History  of  the  Jews  of 
France,"  published  one  year  later.  Ever  since 
his  arrival  in  Canada  Dr.  de  Sola  had  been 
labouring  zealously  in  every  movement  that 
tended  to  the  advancement  of  the  Jewish 
people.     His  eloquence  as  a  preacher,  added 
to    his  intimate   knowledge  of    rabbinical 
learning,  placed  him  among  the  very  fore- 
most exponents  of  Jewish   thought   of  the 
day,  and  he  was  recognized  as  one  of  the 
chief  leaders  of  the  orthodox  Jews  of  Ame- 
rica.     Broad-minded   and  tolerant  in   all 
things,  he  was  at  the  same  time  strictly 
orthodox  in  his  Judaism.     His  deep  studies 
in  the  paths  of  science,  literature  and  phil- 
ology all  tended  the  more  to  confirm  him 
in  his  abiding  faith  in  the  Book  of  Books; 
hence  we  find  that  throughout  his  career 
he  was   constantly  engaged,    both  in  the 
pulpit  and  press,  in  giving  battle  to  those 
who  would   assail  the   Hebrew  Scriptures. 
Scarcely  a  work  ever  left  his  hands  that  did 
not  contain  many  a  well  directed  shaft  at 
the  infidel  teachings  of  certain  modern  scep- 
tics.    In  the  columns  of  the  Jewish  press  he 
was  particularly  active  in  this  respect,  and 
for  many  years  he  was  a  very  regular  con- 
tributor to  various  Jewish  journals,  particu- 
larly to  the  Occident   of  Philadelphia  (edi- 
ted by  the  gifted  Isaac  Leeser),  with  which 


100 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


he  was  closely  identified.  He  also  frequent- 
ly visited  the  United  States,  where  his  lec- 
tures invariably  attracted  large  audiences 
and  brought  him  into  great  prominence. 
In  1872  Dr.  de  Sola  was  invited  by  General 
Grant's  administration  to  open  the  United 
States  Congress  with  prayer,  and  for  the 
first  time  in  history  the  extraordinary  spec- 
tacle was  witnessed  of  one  who  was  not  a 
subject  of  the  United  States  nor  of  the  domi- 
nant faith — one  who  was  a  British  subject 
and  a  Jew — performing  the  opening  cere- 
monies at  the  assembling  of  Congress  at 
Washington.  This  high  example  of  liber- 
ality upon  the  part  of  the  government 
of  the  United  States  was  generally  looked 
upon  as  one  of  the  earliest  indications  of  the 
birth  of  a  more  friendly  feeling  between  the 
United  States  and  Britain,  whose  relations 
had  then  been  but  recently  strained  by  the 
Alabama  Claims ;  and  Sir  Edward  Thorn- 
ton, the  British  Minister  at  Washington,  as 
well  as  Mr.  Gladstone— who  was  then 
premier, — extended  to  Dr.  de  Sola  the  spe- 
cial approbation  and  thanks  of  the  British 
Government.  Having  purchased  the  stero- 
type  plates  and  copyright  of  Isaac  Leeser's 
works,  Dr.  de  Sola  published  about  this 
time  a  new  and  carefully  revised  edition  of 
that  author's  English  translation  of  the 
Bible,  according  to  Jewish  authorities. 
He  also  brought  out  a  new  translation  of 
the  Jewish  Forms  of  Prayer,  based  upon  the 
editions  of  his  father  (D.  A.  de  Sola)  and 
of  Leeser.  These  were  heavy  undertak- 
ings, and  their  completion  entailed  several 
years  of  severe  work.  In  addition  to  his 
other  arduous  duties,  Dr.  de  Sola  had  now 
been  appointed  Hebrew  Lecturer  at  the 
Presbyterian  College,  Montreal,  and  also 
Lecturer  in  Spanish  Literature  at  McGill — a 
literature  with  which  he  was  particularly 
familiar.  But  the  heavy  strain  of  such  in- 
tense application  to  work  at  length  under- 
mined his  naturally  strong  constitution, 
and  in  1876  his  health  suddenly  gave  way. 
After  a  year's  rest  in  Europe  he  was  so  far 
recuperated  as  to  be  enabled  to  partly  re^ 
sume  his  duties,  and  in  1878  and  1879  he 
was  again  an  active  contributor  to  the  He- 
brew press.  Among  other  of  his  writings 
at  this  time  one  of  »the  most  noteworthy 
was,  "Yehuda  Alcharizi,  and  the  Book 
Tachkemoni." — In  1880  he  produced  his 
last  great  work,  "  Saadia  Gaon  "—a  book 
which  gives  a  vivid  picture  of  the  political 
struggles  and  literary  labours  of  one  who 


played  so  important  a  part  at  the  court  of  a 
Prince  of  the  Captivity.  But  Dr.  de  Sola's 
health  was  now  rapidly  failing,  and,  while 
in  New  York,  on  a  visit  to  his  sister,  he  was 
prostrated  by  an  attack  of  illness  which 
finally  culminated  in  his  death  on  June  5thr 
1882.  The  remains  were  removed  to  Mon- 
treal, and  there  interred.  In  his  decease 
the  literati  of  Canada  felt  that  they  had 
been  bereft  of  one  of  their  brightest  lumin- 
aries, while  the  Israelites  throughout  the 
Dominion  mourned  the  loss  of  one  who  had 
literally  built  up  Judaism  in  Canada.  As 
his  remains  were  being  consigned  to  their 
earthly  tenement  with  truth  indeed  did  the 
officiating  rabbi  exclaim,  "  If  respect  be  at- 
tached to  the  name  of  Jew  throughout 
these  Canadas,  to  Abraham  de  Sola  be- 
longs the  chief  glory  of  having  gained  it." 
For  thirty -five  years  he  had  ruled  his  co- 
religionists in  his  adopted  country  with  a 
sway  that  was  almost  absolute — for  his  in- 
fluence extended  far  beyondjhis  own  im- 
mediate flock.  He  had  bent  every  energy 
to  improve  and  advance  his  people,  and  in 
his  death  it  was  felt  that  there  had  passed 
away  one  who  above  all  others  had  ener- 
gized and  elevated  the  Jewish  community 
in  Canada.  Dr.  de  Sola  was  married  to 
Esther  Joseph,  in  1852,  and  had  several 
children.  Hi$,eldest  son  succeeded  him  as 
minister  to  the  Portuguese  Jewish  congre- 
gation at  Montreal.  His  wife's  father — 
Henry  Joseph— was  one  of  the  earliest  Jew- 
ish settlers  in  Canada,  while  her  brothers 
stand  among  the  most  prominent  and  most 
respected  citizens  of  Montreal  and  Quebec  ; 
one  of  them,  Jesse  Joseph,  being  president 
of  the  Montreal  City  Gas  Company,  presi- 
dent of  the  Montreal  Street  Kailway  Com- 
pany, and  director  of  the  Montreal  Tele-, 
graph  Company  ;  while  another  brother,' 
Abraham  Joseph,  of  Quebec,  was  president 
of  the  Dominion  Board  of  Trade,  first  pre- 
sident of  the  Stadacona  Bank,  and  a  direc- 
tor of  the  St.  Lawrence  River  Navigation 
Company  and  of  the  Gulf  Ports  Steamship 
Company.  He  was  nominated  for  mayor 
of  Quebec  some  years  ago  and  generally 
claimed  to  have  been  elected.  Another 
brother,  J.  H.  Joseph,  has  long  been  direc- 
tor of  the  Montreal  Elevating  Company. 

Carleton,  John  Louis,  Barrister,  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at  St.  John 
on  1st  October,  1861.  His  father  was  Wil- 
liam Carleton,  and  mother,  Bridget  O'Con- 
nor. Mr.  Carleton  received  his  education 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


101 


in  the  schools  of  the  Christian  Brothers  in 
his  native  city,  and  studied  law  in  the  offices 
of  Weldon  &  McLean,  and  Allen  &  Chandler, 
St.  John.  He  was  admitted  an  attorney  in 
October,  1882,  and  called  to  the  bar  the  fol- 
lowing year.  Mr.  Carleton  having  made 
the  study  of  criminal  law  a  specialty,  he 
has  in  consequence  been  engaged  on  all  the 
principal  criminal  cases  tried  in  the  pro- 
vince since  he  began  practice,  besides  many 
important  civil  cases.  In  November,  1886, 
he  was  appointed  Official  Keferee  in  Equity 
by  the  Provincial  government.  For  several 
years  he  has  been  an  active  member  and 
held  office  in  the  Father  Matthew  Associa- 
tion, and  in  the  Irish  Literary  and  Bene- 
volent Association.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Young  Men's  Liberal  Club.  Mr.  Carle- 
ton  is  a  respected  member  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  church,  and  was  married  on  the 
22nd  of  September,  1886,  to  Teresa  G. 
Sharkey,  of  St  John.  He  is  a  rising  man 
in  his  profession,  and  has  a  promising  future 
before  him. 

Finnic,  John  Thorn,  M.D.,  L.E.C.S., 
Edin.,  Montreal,  was  born  on  the  14th  Sep- 
tember, 1847,  at  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire, 
Scotland.  His  father,  Bobert  Finnie,  carried 
on  business  for  many  years  in  Peterhead 
as  tailor  and  clothier.  Dr.  Finnie  was  edu- 
cated partly  in  the  parish  school  of  his  native 
town,  and  after  coming  to  Canada  continued 
his  studies  at  the  High  School  and  McGill 
University,  Montreal,  and  graduated  from 
the  latter  institution  as  doctor  of  medicine 
early  in  1869.  He  then  went  over  to  Bri- 
tain and  prosecuted  the  study  of  his  pro- 
fession in  the  hospitals  of  Edinburgh,  Lon- 
don and  Paris,  and  in  October,  1869,  passed 
the  necessary  examination  at  the  Boyal 
College  of  Surgeons,  of  Edinburgh,  and 
received  from  that  college  the  degree  in 
surgery  and  midwifery.  In  1870  he  re- 
turned to  Montreal,  and  since  that  time  he 
has  successfully  practised  his  profession. 
The  doctor  has  for  many  years  taken  an 
active  part  in  various  societies,  national  and 
other  kinds,  and  has  on  two  occasions  been 
elected  president  of  the  Montreal  Caledonia 
Society.  He  has  been  for  several  years  and 
now  is  the  president  of  the  Montreal  Swim- 
ming Club.  His  large  and  increasing  prac- 
tice has  prevented  him  from  taking  any 
active  part  in  either  municipal  or  provincial 
politics;  yet  he  is  a  man  of  large  and  libe- 
ral ideas,  and  we  have  no  doubt,  if  time 
permitted  him,  he  could  be  of  great  practi- 


cal use  to  any  party  with  whom  he  might 
choose  to  connect  himself.  He  is  an  adhe- 
rent of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  was  mar- 
ried on  the  9th  of  April,  1874,  to  Amelia, 
daughter  of  the  late  Christopher  Healy, 
and  has  a  family  of  four  children. 

Alward,  Silas,  A.M.,  D.C.L.,  M.P.P., 
Barrister-at-Law,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick, 
was  born  at  New  Canaan,  Queens  county, 
N.B.,  on  14th  April,  1841.  His  father,  John 
Alward,  a  successful  agriculturist,  was  the 
son  of  Benjamin  Alward,  a  U.  E.  loyalist, 
who  emigrated  with  his  family  from  the 
state  of  New  Jersey,  at  the  close  of  the  Ame- 
rican revolution,  and  made  his  home  in 
Queens  county,  New  Brunswick,  and  there 
he  died  at  the  age  of  ninety  years.  The 
mother  of  Silas  Alward  was  Mary  A.  Corey, 
whose  family  also  settled  in  New  Brunswick, 
at  an  early  date.  Silas  received  his  educa- 
tion at  Acadia  College,  Wolfville,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  graduated  B.A.  in  1860,  stand- 
ing at  the  head  of  his  class.  The  follow- 
ing remarks  may  be  seen  on  the  records  of 
Acadia  College,  with  regard  to  Mr.  Alward : 

"I  now  come  to  probabtythe  most  brilliant  class 
that  ever  took  the  prescribed  course  at  Acadia, 
the  class  of  1860.  *  *  *  There  is  Silas  Alward, 
one  of  the  most  persevering,  indefatigable,  atten- 
tive students  who  ever  attended  college.  Of 
strong  physical  frame,  with  great  aptitude  for 
study,  a  good  linguist,  an  ambitious  young  man, 
it  is  not  improbable  that  in  his  daily  and  terminal 
reckoning  he  stood  in  his  class  where  the  alphabet 
has  placed  him  dux." 

In  1871,  he  received  the  degree  of  A.M., 
from  Brown  University,  Providence,  Rhode 
Island.  After  getting  through  with  his  col- 
lege course,  he  began  the  study  of  law  in  the 
office  of  the  Hon.  Charles  N.  Skinner,  Q.C., 
now  Judge  of  Probate  in  St.  John  ;  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  1865,  and  called  to 
the  bar  in  1866,  since  which  time  he  has 
steadily  applied  himself  to  his  professional 
duties,  and  is  now  noted  for  his  high  legal 
attainments,  and  is  without  doubt  an  orna- 
ment to  the  bar  of  New  Brunswick.  He  has 
been  on  two  occasions  president  of  the  St. 
John  Mechanics'  Institute,  and  is  a  trustee 
of  the  St.  John  School  Board.  In  1867,  Mr. 
Alward  took  a  tour  through  Europe,  and 
spent  some  time  in  the  cities  of  Rome  and 
Naples.  He  afterwards  wrote  for  a  St. 
John  newspaper  some  very  interesting  arti- 
cles, descriptive  of  the  various  places  of  note 
he  visited  on  this  occasion.  He  has  since 
then  twice  visited  the  old  world.  He  is  well 
versed  in  general  literature,  and  occasionally 


102 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


takes  the  platform  as  a  lecturer.  Amongst 
his  favourite  lectures  we  may  mention :  "  Our 
Western  Heritage,"  "  A  Day  in  the  Heart 
of  England,"  "  The  Permanency  of  British 
Civilization,"  and  "  The  Great  Administra- 
tion." In  February,  1887,  Dr.  Alward  was 
elected  by  acclamation  to  the  legislature  of 
New  Brunswick,  for  the  city  of  St.  John. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Alward  is  a  Liberal,  and  in 
religious  matters,  he  belongs  to  the  Baptist 
denomination.  On  October  12th,  1869,  he 
was  married  to  Emilie,  daughter  of  Peter 
Wickwire,  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  sister  of  Dr. 
Wickwire,  of  Halifax.  Mrs.  Alward  died  in 
1879,  leaving  no  children. 

Kellond,  Robert  Arthur,  Solicitor 
and  Attorney  for  Inventors,  Toronto,  On- 
tario, was  born  in  Montreal^  Quebec  pro- 
vince, on  6th  November,  1856.  His  father 
belonged  to  an  old  Devonshire  (England) 
family,  and  was  the  only  son  of  the  name 
who  emigrated  to  Canada  about  1850.  His 
grandfather  had  the  honour  of  fighting 
under  Lord  Nelson  on  board  the  Victory  at 
the  battle  of  Trafalgar.  Robert  Arthur 
received  his  education  at  McGill  Normal 
School,  and  under  private  tutors  in  Montreal, 
and  also  in  England.  He  was  also  a  pupil 
of  the  late  Charles  Legge,  C.  E.,  and  was 
engaged  with  him  in  the  preliminary  sur- 
veys and  work  upon  the  lines  of  railway 
between  Montreal  and  Ottawa,  now  known 
as  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  and  the 
Canada  Atlantic  Railway,  of  which  Mr. 
Legge  was  chief  engineer.  Mr.  Kellond 
studied  law  while  in  the  office  of  Charles 
Legge  &  Co.,  and  paid  particular  attention 
to  the  patent  soliciting  branch  of  that  firm, 
and  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Legge,  he  and  his 
partner,  F.  H.  Reynolds,  succeeded  to  the 
business  of  the  firm.  Mr.  Kellond  has  now 
in  successful  operation  offices  in  Montreal, 
Toronto,  and  Washington,  D.C.,  United 
States,  and  has  representatives  in  nearly  all 
the  capitals  of  Europe.  By  this  means  he 
does  a  large  business  as  a  solicitor  and  attor- 
ney for  inventors,  and  as  counsel  and  expert 
in  patent  and  trade  mark  causes,  his  clientele 
including  many  of  the  largest  manuf  acturing 
firms  and  corporations  throughout  Canada. 
He  served  eleven  years  in  the  3rd  battalion 
Victoria  Rifles,  of  Montreal,  and  retired  in 
1886  with  the  rank  of  captain.  As  a  Mason 
he  stands  high  in  the  order,  being  past 
master  of  Hochelaga  lodge,  No.  57,  Q.R., 
Montreal  ;  past  grand  orator  of  Sovereign 
Sanctuary  of  Canada  and  Newfoundland, 


33°,  96°,  90° ;  is  a  member  of  Carnarvon  Chap- 
ter Royal  Arch  Masons;  Delta  Rose  Croix. 
Chapter,  and  Richard  Coeur-de-Lion  and 
Odo  de  St.  Amand  perceptories  of  Knights 
Templar  ;  and  is  a  member  of  the  Rosicru- 
cian  Society,  and  Baltimore  Unity  of  Odd- 
fellows. Politically  Mr.  Kellond  is  a  Libe- 
ral, but  since  1878  he  has  been  a  supporter 
of  the  National  Policy  and  protection  to 
home  industries.  He  has  declined  several 
public  offices  on  account  of  professional 
duties.  In  religious  matters  he  is  a  sup- 
porter of  the  Episcopal  church,  but  never- 
theless is  an  admirer  of  many  of  the 
methods,  and  social  efforts  of  the  Methodist 
and  other  independent  bodies.  He  has 
travelled  through  most  of  the  southern  and 
western  states  of  the  neighbouring  Union, 
and  also  in  England,  having  a  large  num- 
ber of  clients  and  professional  associates  in 
both  countries.  He  has  two  brothers,  the 
eldest  of  whom  was  an  officer  under  Lord 
Wolseley  when  he  went  to  Fort  Garry,  and 
is  now  a  resident  of  Kentucky,  U.S.  The 
other  brother  is  a  prominent  railroad  official 
in  Louisville,  Kentucky  state.  Mr.  Kellond 
was  married  in  1880  to  a  daughter  of  the 
late  Henry  Ryan  Hurlburt,  barrister,  Pres- 
cott,  Ontario. 

Maun§ell,  Lieut. -Col.  George  J., 
Deputy -Adjutant  General  district  No.  8, 
New  Brunswick,  Commandant  of  Royal 
School  of  Infantry,  Infantry  School  corps, 
Fredericton,  was  born  at  Bally-William 
House,  Rathkeale,  county  of  Limerick,  Ire- 
land, on  the  25th  of  August,  1836.  His 
father  was  George  Meanes  Maunsell,  J.P., 
of  Bally -William  House,  Limerick  county, 
vide  "  Burke's  Irish  Landed  Gentry."  His 
mother  was  M.  Maunsell,  daughter  of  Rev. 
J.  Stopford,  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Cloyne  and 
Ross,  Cork  county,  and  was  a  descendant  of 
the  Lord  Courtown  family,  "  Burke's  Peer- 
age." Lieut. -Col.  Maunsell,  was  educated 
at  home  and  afterwards  studied  for  the  pro- 
fession of  arms,  and  passed  his  final  examina- 
tion at  Sandhurst  Royal  Military  College  in 
May,  1855,  and  was  gazetted  ensign  in  her 
Majesty's  fifteenth  regiment  on  the  15th  of 
the  same  month.  He  attended  a  course  of 
instruction  in  military  engineering  (branch 
of  senior  department  of  the  Royal  Military 
College)  at  Aldershot  in  1857,  and  was 
subsequently  employed,  temporarily,  on 
the  staff  at  Aldershot  in  connection  with 
this  course  of  instruction.  On  November 
27th,  1857,  he  was  gazetted  lieutenant  in 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


103 


his  regiment,  and  in  1858-9  attended  the 
course  of  instruction  at  the  School  of  Mus- 
ketry, Hythe,  receiving  a  certificate  of  the 
first  class,  on  January  26th,  1859  ;  and  on 
February  10th  following  was  gazetted  as 
instructor  of  musketry.  He  was  promoted 
to  a  captaincy  of  the  Fifteenth  regiment  on 
March  12th,  1861,  and  in  1861-2  was  acting 
adjutant  and  instructor  of  musketry  at  the 
Eighth  Depot  Battalion.  He  sailed  for 
Halifax  en  route  to  New  Brunswick  in  Janu- 
ary, 1864,  and  soon  embraced  an  opportu- 
nity that  offered  to  see  active  service  in  the 
field,  for  he  was  with  the  army  of  the  Poto- 
mac during  the  whole  of  the  spring  cam- 
paign of  1865,  ending  with  the  capture  of 
Richmond,  and  was  at  that  time  temporarily 
attached  to  General  Grant's  staff.  On 
Nov.  22,  1865,  he  was  gazetted  adjutant- 
general  of  militia  of  New  Brunswick,  and 
besides  the  organizing  work  was  speedily 
called  upon  to  more  arduous  duties,  for  in 
1866  came  the  Fenian  invasion,  and  Colonel 
Maunsell  was  engaged  in  the  defence  of  the 
western  frontier  of  New  Brunswick.  In 
1868,  after  confederation,  the  Militia  Act 
was  passed  and  under  it,  on  Jan.  1st.,  1869, 
Colonel  Maunsell  was  gazetted  adjutant- 
general  of  the  military  district  No.  8,  pro- 
vince of  New  Brunswick.  Between  1871  and 
1880  he  commanded  tactical  brigade  corps 
at  Fredericton,  Woodstock,  and  Chatham, 
and  attended  course  of  studies  at  the  Royal 
Arsenal,  Woolwich  (certificate  granted). 
On  the  1st  April,  1881,  Colonel  Maunsell 
was  transferred  from  the  command  of  mili- 
tary district  No.  8  to  No.  4,  with  headquar- 
ters at  Ottawa,  and  commanded  the  brigade 
camps  at  Ottawa  and  Brockville,  and  the 
School  of  Instruction  (infantry)  at  Ottawa. 
On  the  21st  July,  1883,  the  Colonel  sailed 
for  England,  to  be  attached  to  her  Majesty's 
forces  at  Aldershot  for  instructional  pur- 
poses, and  while  in  Europe  he  visited  vari- 
ous towns  in  Belgium,  Germany  and  France, 
and  also  examined  several  of  the  battle 
fields  connected  with  the  Franco-German 
war,  in  search  of  information.  He  returned 
to  Canada  in  November  of  the  same  year, 
and  on  31st  December  was  gazetted  com- 
mandant of  the  School  of  Infantry,  Infantry 
School  corps.  On  the  16th  May,  1884,  he 
was  re- appointed  deputy  adjutant  general 
district  No.  8,  New  Brunswick,  holding  at 
the  same  time  command  of  the  school  and 
corps  which  he  had  successfully  organized. 
In  May,  1885,  Colonel  Maunsell  formed 


temporary  battalion,  composed  of  the 
School  corps  and  companies  ( 6 )  active  mili- 
tia of  New  Brunswick,  and  (2)  of  Prince 
Edward  Island  for  immediate  active  service 
in  the  North-West  Territory,  and  proceeded 
with  this  battalion  en  route  to  the  North- 
West,  but  on  the  18th  of  that  month  was 
ordered  into  camp  at  Sussex,  to  await  fur- 
ther orders.  On  the  25th  May  he  received 
the  thanks  of  the  authorities,  and  the  differ- 
ent companies  were  sent  to  their  local  head- 
quarters, their  services  not  being  further 
required.  In  addition  to  the  above  Colonel 
Maunsell  served  with  the  fifteenth  regiment 
in  several  Mediterranean  stations,  when  his 
regiment  was  sent  to  reinforce  troops  dur- 
ing the  Crimean  war;  and  in  the  years 
1855-6  he  travelled  on  foot  and  on  horse- 
back throughout  Spain.  He  has  been  from 
youth  up  an  adherent  of  the  Episcopal 
church.  On  the  9th  August,  1862,  Colonel 
Maunsell  married  Miss  Moony,  elder  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  F.  E.  Moony,  J.P.,  D.L.,  of 
"  The  Doon,"  King's  county,  Ireland,  and 
has  a  family  of  seven  children,  four  sons 
and  three  daughters.  His  eldest  son  is  cap- 
tain in  the  8th  regiment  P.  L.  cavalry,  New 
Brunswick,  and  his  eldest  daughter  is  mar- 
ried to  J.  W.  de  Courcy  O'Grady,  of  the 
Bank  of  Montreal,  Ottawa. 

Baxter,  Robert  Gordon,  M.D., 
Moncton,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  on  28th 
April,  1847,  at  Truro,  Nova  Scotia.  His 
father  was  John  Irving  Baxter,  born  in  An- 
nan, Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  in  1803  ; 
educated  in  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  and  for 
years  was  the  Presbyterian  minister  at  Ons- 
low,  N.S.  His  mother,  Jessie  Gordon,  was 
a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gordon,  of 
Prince  Edward  Island,  whose  mother  after- 
wards married  the  Rev.  Dr.  McGregor, 
Presbyterian  minister  of  Pictou,  N.S.  Dr. 
Baxter  received  his  early  education  in  Tru- 
ro, and  pursued  his  medical  studies  in  New 
York  and  Philadelphia,  and  in  London,  Eng- 
land. In  1868  he  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Philadelphia,  and  in  the  follow- 
ing year  removed  to  Tatamagouche,  N.S., 
and  in  the  summer  of  1870  to  Moncton > 
where  he  has  resided  since.  He  has  held  a 
lieutenant's  command  in  the  third  regiment 
Colchester  County  Militia  since  June  21st, 
1865  ;  and  was  the  first  chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Health  of  Moncton.  He  takes  a 
great  interest  in  public  enterprises,  especial- 
ly in  agriculture,  and  was  the  first  to  intro- 
duce into  New  Brunswick  and  bring  to 


104 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


public  notice  the  system  of  ensilage,  now 
so  popular  in  Great  Britain,  and  of  so  much 
advantage  to  stock  raisers.  He  has  travelled 
over  the  greater  part  of  Canada  and  the 
United  States,  and  has  visited  England, 
Scotland  and  several  of  the  continental 
cities.  The  doctor  is  in  religion  a  Presby- 
terian. On  the  29th  January,  1872,  he  was 
married  to  Jean  McAlister,  of  Moncton,  and 
has  two  children,  a  son  and  a  daughter. 

Branchaud,  Motse,  Q.O.,  Beauhar- 
nois,  Quebec  province,  was  born  at  Beau- 
harnois,  on  the  6th  March,  1827.  His 
father,  Jean  Baptiste  Branchaud,  bourgeois, 
of  Beauharnois,  and  his  mother,  Louise 
Primeau,  were  both  descendants  of  two  of 
the  earliest  colonists  of  the  Seigniory  of 
Beauharnois.  His  father  died  in  1883,  at 
the  advanced  age  of  eighty-three,  enjoying 
the  esteem  and  respect  of  his  fellow  citizens. 
Mr.  Branchaud  was  sent,  at  an  early  age, 
to  the  CoUege  of  Sainte  Th^rese  de  Blain- 
ville,  where  he  made  a  brilliant  course  of 
classical  studies.  On  leaving  college  he 
entered  the  office  of  the  Hon.  Lewis  T. 
Drummond,  to  study  law,  and  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  on  the  27th  February, 
1849.  Immediately  after  his  admission  he 
took  up  his  residence  in  Beauharnois,  where 
he  has  practised  his  profession  to  this  day. 
At  that  time  there  was  only  a  circuit  court 
sitting  in  the  district  of  Beauharnois,  with  a 
jurisdiction  of  $80.00;  this  was  increased,  in 
1851,  to  the  sum  of  $200.00.  In  consequence 
of  this  limited  jurisdiction,  his  professional 
advancement  was  but  slow.  However, 
when  the  "  Act  relative  to  the  division  of 
Lower  Canada  into  districts  for  the  admin- 
istration of  justice  "  came  into  force,  there 
was  a  decided  change.  By  virtue  of  said 
act,  a  Superior  Court  was  established  in  the 
district  of  Beauharnois,  with  an  unlimited 
jurisdiction  in  all  civil  and  commercial 
cases  ;  as  well  as  a  criminal  court  and  a 
circuit  court.  His  practice  then  took  such 
an  extension  that,  after  a  few  years  of 
assiduous  toil,  he  possessed  a  competency 
which  enabled  him  to  look  tranquilly  to  the 
future  of  his  young  family.  His  zeal  and 
honesty  in  the  exercise  of  his  profession  was 
never  challenged,  either  by  his  numerous 
clients  or  his  confreres.  In  1858  he  formed 
a  partnership  with  Sir  John  Hose,  for  the 
administration  of  the  legal  business  of  the 
seigniory  of  Beauharnois,  which  was  then 
very  important  and  extensive.  This  part- 
nership existed  until  the  departure  of  Sir 


John  for  London,  England.  The  following 
letter,  written  by  Sir  John  before  his  de- 
parture, shows  the  high  esteem  in  which 
the  baronet  held  his  young  partner  : 

"  MONTREAL,  30th  September,  1869. 

"  MY  DEAR  BRANCHAUD,— A  thousand  thanks 
for  your  kind  note,  the  contents  of  which  affect 
me  very  deeply.  Every  recollection  associated 
with  our  intercourse  is,  I  can  assure  you,  of  the 
most  pleasant  character,  and  I  look  with  great 
regret  at  having  to  say  good-bye  to  so  many  at- 
tached friends.  I  would  have  been  deeply  grati- 
fied to  have  seen  you  at  the  dinner,  but  the  ex- 
pression of  your  kind  wishes  will  long  be  remem- 
bered by  me.  That  every  good  thing  may  attend 
Jou  is  the  earnest  wish  of  your  sincere  friend — 
OHN  ROSE." 

This  affectionate  letter,  coming  from  such  an 
eminent  man  as  Sir  John  Hose,  who  attained 
such  a  high  position  among  the  most  eminent 
men  in  England,  is  preciously  preserved  by 
Mr.  Branchaud,  and  the  feelings  of  friend- 
ship and  esteem  he  always  held  towards  the 
baronet  are  still  warm  in  his  heart.  During 
his  sojourn  hi  Beauharnois,  in  the  summer 
of  1858,  the  Eight  Honourable  Edward 
Ellice,  then  proprietor  of  the  seigniory  of 
Beauharnois,  showed  special  marks  of  hon- 
our to  Mr.  Branchaud.  He  was  invited  to 
all  the  dinners  which  he  gave,  whether  to 
the  principal  citizens  of  the  place,  or  to  his 
distinguished  visitors  from  England.  On 
one  of  these  occasions  he  met  Lord  Fred- 
erick Cavendish,  the  victim  of  the  Phoenix 
Park  murder,  Dublin,  and  Lord  Grosvener, 
now  Duke  of  Westminster.  They  were 
both  very  young  then,  and  were  going  on 
a  hunting  expedition  to  the  western  prairies. 
On  returning  home  Mr.  Ellice  tried  to  in- 
duce him  to  accompany  him,  and  made  him 
very  flattering  promises,  but  the  extended 
practice  Mr.  Branchaud  had  acquired  did 
not  permit  him  to  accept  such  an  agreeable 
invitation.  He  regrets  having  declined 
now,  for  he  will  never  have  an  opportunity, 
if  he  should  take  a  trip  to  Europe,  of  form- 
ing acquaintances  which  the  high  position 
of  Mr.  EDice  could  have  facilitated.  He 
nevertheless  keeps  a  grateful  remembrance 
of  the  old  gentleman,  who  had  so  much  re- 
gard for  him.  In  1859  Mr.  Branchaud 
married  Marie  Elizabeth  Henrietta  Monde- 
let,  a  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Judge  Charles 
Mondelet,  of  the  city  of  Montreal,  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  Superior  Court  for  Lower 
Canada,  and  of  Dame  Maria  Elizabeth  Hen- 
rietta Carter,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Dr. 
Carter,  of  Three  Eivers.  Madame  Monde- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


105 


let  was  the  niece  of  Captain  Brock,  a  nephew 
and  aide-de-camp  to  General  Brock,  and  of 
Dr.  Johnston,  in  his  lifetime  inspector  gen- 
eral of  military  hospitals  in  the  Ionian  Is- 
lands ;  and  a  first  cousin  of  the  late  Judge 
Short,  of  Sherbrooke.  Mr.  and  Madame 
Mondelet  died  many  years  ago.  The 
Hon.  Dominique,  Mondelet,  a  judge  at 
Three  Rivers,  was  the  elder  brother  of 
Mr.  Branchaud's  father-in-law.  They  were 
the  sons  of  Dominique  Mondelet,  a  member 
of  the  old  Legislative  Assembly  of  Lower 
Canada,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council  under  the  administration  of  Lord 
Aylmer.  In  politics  M.  Branchaud  was  an 
advanced  liberal  in  his  youth,  but  his  opin- 
ions have  greatly  changed  during  the  last 
few  years.  Experience  and  age  always 
exert  a  soothing  influence  on  the  ideas  and 
sentiments  of  the  generality  of  men,  and 
Mr.  Branchaud  did  not  form  an  exception 
to  the  rule.  He  would  not  be  so  willing, 
to-day,  to  endorse  the  political  and  social 
principles  formulated  in  the  programme  of 
L'Avenir,  and  which  were  so  enthusiasti- 
cally adopted  by  the  young  men  who 
founded  that  paper.  However,  Mr.  Bran- 
chaud thinks  one  may  be  liberal  without 
sharing  the  opinions  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury philosophers,  and  without  believing 
in  the  omnipotence  of  universal  suffrage  to 
save  society — such  safety  being  more  cer- 
tain in  the  hands  of  the  few  than  in  those 
of  the  greater  number  of  its  members.  The 
democratic  ideas  carried  to  extreme  limits 
will  cause  the  fall  of  modern  empires,  as 
they  have  produced  the  fall  of  the  older 
ones,  and  what  is  happening  to-day  in  Eu- 
rope is  only  their  natural  consequences. 
The  actual  opinions  of  Mr.  Branchaud  do 
not  find  favour  with  either  party.  His  in- 
dependence of  character  and  his  well-known 
frankness  are  obstacles  which  would  pre- 
vent his  success  in  politics.  So  for  many 
years  he  has  not  engaged  actively  in  them. 
However,  he  does  not  conceal  his  opinions 
when  called  upon  to  express  them.  Thus 
he  desires  the  continuation  of  Sir  John  A. 
Macdonald's  administration  because  he 
thinks  the  national  policy  would  run  great 
dangers  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Blake,  and 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company 
would  find  very  little  sympathy  with  him, 
in  case  of  necessity.  This  company,  being 
still  in  its  infancy,  may  yet  want  the  sup- 
port of  the  government,  and  Mr.  Branchaud 
thinks  it  would  be  to  the  interest  of  the 


country  to  grant  such  help.  It  is  hardly  to 
be  expected  that  a  man  who  has  tried  to 
arrest  its  progress  in  each  phase  of  its  ex- 
istence would  be  kindly  disposed  towards 
it  at  a  given  moment.  At  all  times  he  has 
repudiated  the  Rielite  movement  in  Lower 
Canada,  as  tending  to  arouse  prejudices  and 
race  hatreds,  and  to  retard  the  progress  of 
the  country,  and  the  conduct  of  the  govern- 
ment in  letting  the  law  take  its  course,  has 
had  his  entire  approbation,  as  the  only 
practical  way  of  restoring  peace  and  har- 
mony, which  would  have  been  threatened 
as  long  as  Riel  would  have  lived.  In  con- 
clusion we  may  state  that  Mr.  Branchaud 
has  been  the  promoter  of  the  Beauharnois 
Junction  Railway  Company.  The  road  is 
intended  to  run  from  Ste.  Martine  to  Dun- 
dee, where  it  will  connect  with  the  Ameri- 
can system.  The  building  of  this  railway 
will  place  Beauharnois — undoubtedly  a  town 
of  future  importance,  on  account  of  the 
beauty  of  her  site  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  and 
the  extent  of  her  water  powers — in  the  first 
rank  among  the  important  cities  of  the  Do- 
minion. Mr.  Branchaud  has  worked  for 
several  months  to  organize  the  company, 
and  he  is  confident  that  his  efforts  will  soon 
be  crowned  with  success.  He  was  ever  am- 
bitious to  see  his  native  place  prosperous, 
and  in  the  evening  of  his  life  he  is  happy 
in  the  hope  that  the  earnest  wish  of  his 
heart  will  soon  be  gratified.  The  Hon. 
James  Ferrie  is  president  of  the  new  com- 
pany, and  Mr.  Branchaud  vice-president. 

Irving;,  Jamc§  Douglas,  Major,  and 
Brigade-Major  of  Military  District  No.  12, 
Charlottetown,  Prince  Edward  Island,  was 
born  at  Charlottetown,  on  the  12th  February, 
1844.  His  father,  Robert  Blake  Irving,  was 
born  in  Annan,  Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  and 
emigrated  to  Prince  Edward  Island  about 
the  year  1832.  Here  he  engaged  in  the 
profession  of  teaching,  and  in  addition  took 
an  active  interest  in  politics  on  the  Liberal 
side  until  the  confederation  of  the  prov- 
inces, when  party  lines  having  been  broken, 
he  became  a  supporter  of  the  Liberal-Con- 
servative party.  He  was  of  a  literary  turn 
of  mind,  and  contributed  largely  to  the 
columns  of  the  Examiner  newspaper  when 
it  was  under  the  editorial  management  of 
the  late  Hon.  Edward  Whelan,  writing 
strongly  in  support  of  responsible  govern- 
ment, free  schools,  the  settlement  of  the 
land  question  by  the  government  purchas- 
ing from  the  proprietors  and  reselling  to 


106 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


tenants,  and  for  confederation.  He  married 
in  1843  Joanna  Charlotte,  a  daughter  of 
Thomas  Ehodes  Hazzard,  a  U.  E.  loyalist, 
who  came  to  Prince  Edward  Island  from 
Providence,  Ehode  Island,  with  his  father 
and  family  at  the  conclusion  of  the  war 
with  the  revolted  colonists.  Major  Irving 
received  his  education  in  his  native  parish 
in  the  private  school  taught  by  his  father. 
On  the  26th  of  March,  1867,  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  lieutenant  in  the  Active  Militia  of 
P.  E.  Island,  and  was  shortly  afterwards 
promoted  to  a  captaincy.  After  confedera- 
tion he  was  given  a  commission  in  the  Can- 
adian Artillery  Militia,  and  subsequently 
commanded  the  P.  E.  Island  provisional 
brigade  of  Garrison  Artillery.  On  the  1st 
of  April,  1885,  he  was  appointed  brigade- 
major  of  Military  District  No.  12,  and  this 
position  he  at  present  holds.  He  was  dep- 
uty-prothonotary  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
P.  E.  Island  from  1st  March,  1871,  to  1st 
April,  1885  ;  registrar  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  and  also  that  of  the  Vice- Admi- 
ralty Court  from  28th  March,  1876,  to  1st 
April,  1885  ;  and  Clerk  of  the  Crown  for 
P.  E.  Island  from  1st  August,  1883,  to  1st 
April,  1885.  For  many  years  Major  Irving 
has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Caledon- 
ian Society,  and  in  general  takes  a  deep 
interest  in  all  that  appertains  to  his  native 
island. 

Creed,  Herbert  Clifford,  Frederic- 
ton,  was  born  at  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia, 
September  23rd,  1843.  His  father,  George 
John  Creed,  of  Faversham,  Kent,  England, 
was  clerk  in  the  Royal  Engineer  depart- 
ment (with  rank  of  lieutenant),  at  Halifax, 
N.S.,  for  thirty-five  years.  He  was  the 
eldest  son  of  Eichard  Creed,  who  also  was 
in  Her  Majesty's  service,  as  clerk  of  works, 
E.  E.  D.,  with  the  rank  of  captain.  Both 
father  and  son  were,  at  the  time  of  their 
decease,  retired  from  active  service  upon 
ample  pensions.  Eichard  Creed's  youngest 
daughter  was  the  wife  of  the  late  Hon. 
Jonathan  McCully,  senator  of  Canada,  and 
afterwards  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court. 
The  mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  Susan,  eldest  daughter  of  John  A.  Well- 
ner,  of  Halifax,  N.S.,  a  manufacturer  and 
at  one  time  owner  of  extensive  property 
in  that  city  and  in  the  county  of  Hants. 
He  was  of  a  family  that  came  out  from 
England  among  the  original  settlers  of 
Halifax,  with  Governor  Cornwallis.  Her- 
bert Clifford  Creed  received  his  academic 


education  chiefly  in  the  High  School  con- 
nected with  Dalhousie  College,  Halifax. 
He  matriculated  in  the  earliest  class  of  un- 
dergraduates in  Dalhousie  College  in  1857, 
studying  till  1860,  the  college  proper  hav- 
ing in  the  meantime  been  discontinued. 
In  1861  he  entered  Acadia  College,  Wolf- 
ville,  N.S.,  and  took  the  regular  four  years' 
course  there  under  the  presidency  of  the 
late  Eev.  J.  M.  Cramp,  D.D.  He  gradu- 
ated in  1865  with  honours  in  classics,  hav- 
ing also  held  the  highest  place  in  his  class 
throughout  the  whole  course.  From  August, 
1860,  to  June,  1864,  Mr.  Creed  was  teacher 
of  French  at  the  Collegiate  Academy  and 
Ladies'  Seminary  at  Wolfville,  N.S.  ;  from 
the  autumn  of  1865  till  the  spring  of  1869, 
he  filled  the  position  of  head  master  of  the 
County  Academy  at  Sydney,  C.  B. ;  and 
from  1869  till  June,  1872,  was  principal  of 
the  Seminary  at  Yarmouth,  N.S.  In  1869 
the  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  upon  him. 
In  the  following  autumn  he  accepted  the 
principalship  of  the  English  High  School, 
Fredericton,  N.  B.,  but  resigned  it  at  the 
close  of  1873,  in  order  to  take  a  position 
offered  him  in  the  Provincial  Normal  School 
of  New  Brunswick,  and  here  he  has  contin- 
ued, with  various  changes  of  work,  down 
to  the  present  time.  His  position  now  is 
officially  designated  as  "  Mathematical  and 
Science  Master,  and  Instructor  in  Industrial 
Drawing,"  the  term  "  Professor  "  not  being 
applied  to  the  instructors  or  teachers  in  this 
Normal  school.  Mr.  Creed  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Governors  of  Aca- 
dia College  in  1883  ;  a  senator  of  Acadia 
CoUege  in  1882,  and  secretary  of  the  Sen- 
ate in  1883  ;  all  of  which  offices  he  now 
holds.  In  1871  he  was  made  one  of  the 
examiners  of  the  college,  and  filled  the  po- 
sition for  several  years.  He  is  secretary 
of  the  Educational  Institute  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, having  been  re-elected  every  year  from 
its  organization  in  1877  ;  vice-president  of 
the  Baptist  Convention  of  the  Maritime 
provinces  for  the  current  year  ;  a  director 
of  the  Baptist  Annuity  Association  of  New 
Brunswick  and  of  the  Maritime  Baptist  Pub- 
lishing Co.  He  was  at  one  time  president 
of  the  Associated  Alumni  of  Acadia  Col- 
lege ;  president  of  the  Fredericton  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association,  and  for  eight 
years  secretary  of  the  Fredericton  Auxili- 
ary Bible  Society.  Mr.  Creed  has  been 
connected  with  the  following  among  other 
Temperance  societies  : — The  Sons  of  Tern- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


107 


perance  since  1857,  and  is  a  P.W.P.  ;  the 
Temple  of  Honour  and  Temperance  from 
1871  to  1875,  and  is  a  P.W.C.T.  and  past 
deputy  G.W.C.T. ;  the  Temperance  Reform 
Club;  the  New  Brunswick  Branch  of  the 
Dominion  Prohibitory  Alliance.  He  has 
also  been  connected  with  the  Masonic  order, 
in  which  he  is  a  past  master;  the  Indepen- 
dent Order  of  Oddfellows  as  a  P.  G.  and  a 
P.D.D.G.M.,  Independent  Order  of  Fores- 
ters, and  is  at  present  H.C.K.  (presiding 
officer)  of  the  High  Court  of  New  Bruns- 
wick; and  is  a  past  commander  in  the 
American  Legion  of  Honour.  Mr.  Creed 
has  written  largely  for  the  press,  for  the 
most  part  anonymously,  on  educational 
topics  ;  on  the  temperance  question  ;  on 
matters  of  Christian  doctrine  and  practice, 
etc  ;  and  has  also  prepared  a  variety  of 
matter  for  school  texts  and  other  books. 
On  November  4th,  1867,  he  -was  married 
to  Jessie  S.,  third  daughter  of  John  F. 
Marsters,  of  St.  John,  N.B.,  customs  broker 
and  forwarding  agent,  and  has  a  family  of 
four  children,  three  sons  and  a  daughter. 
Mr.  Creed  has  been  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  since  he  attained  his  seventeenth 
year. 

Harri§on,  Thomas,  LL.D.,  Presi- 
dent of  the  University  of  New  Brunswick, 
Fredericton,  was  born  at  Sheffield,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  24th  October,  1839.  He 
is  son  of  Thomas  Harrison,  by  his  wife 
Elizabeth  Coburn,  and  grandson  of  James 
Harrison,  of  the  county  of  Antrim,  Ireland, 
who  emigrated  to  South  Carolina  in  1767. 
During  the  Revolutionary  war  Lieutenant 
James  Harrison,  with  his  elder  brother, 
Captain  Charles  Harrison,  fought  under 
Sir  Henry  Clinton,  on  the  British  side,  and 
in  1783  these  gentlemen  came  among  the 
loyalists  to  New  Brunswick.  Charles  Har- 
rison was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  militia  of  the  county  of  Sunbury,  by 
Governor  Thomas  Carleton,  in  1784,  and 
the  two  brothers  settled  at  Sheffield,  Sun- 
bury  county.  James  Harrison  married 
Charity  Cowperthwaite,  of  a  Quaker  family 
from  Philadelphia,  and  in  1806  died,  leaving 
five  sons  and  four  daughters.  Their  de- 
scendants are  numerous,  and  are  mostly 
settled  in  New  Brunswick.  Thomas  Harri- 
son, the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  educated 
at  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  under  the  tutor- 
ship of  Dr.  Salmon,  F.E.S.,  whose  works 
have  for  many  years  been  the  standard 
treatises  for  advanced  students  in  some  of 


the  highest  branches  of  modern  mathemati- 
cal science.  He  was  a  first  honour  man  in 
mathematics,  and  was  elected  a  mathemati- 
cal scholar  in  Trinity  College  in  1863.  He 
also  attended  law  lectures,  and  took  the  de- 
grees of  B.  A.  and  LL.B.  in  the  University  of 
Dublin  in  1864,  and  afterwards  the  degrees 
of  M.A.  and  LL.D.  in  the  same  university. 
In  June,  1870,  he  was  appointed  professor  of 
the  English  language  and  literature  and  of 
mental  and  moral  philosophy  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  New  Brunswick.  In  1874  he  was 
made,  by  the  Dominion  government,  super- 
intendent of  the  meteorological  chief  station 
at  Fredericton,  and  in  August,  1885,  presi- 
dent of  the  University  of  New  Brunswick, 
and  professor  of  Mathematics  by  the  Pro- 
vincial government.  Mr.  Harrison  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  married, 
in  1865,  Susan  Lois  Taylor,  daughter  of 
the  late  John  S.  Taylor,  of  Sheffield,  N.B., 
and  niece  of  Sir  Leonard  Tilley,  K.C.M.G., 
lieutenant-governor  of  New  Brunswick. 
The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  two  sons  and 
a  daughter.  The  eldest  son,  John  Darley 
Harrison,  is  a  member  of  the  graduating 
class  of  1887  in  the  University  of  New 
Brunswick. 

Blanchet,  Hon.  Joseph  Goderlc, 
Collector  of  Customs,  Quebec,  is  a  descend- 
ant of  one  of  the  first  families  that  came 
from  France  to  Canada,  and  is  a  son  of 
Louis  Blanchet,  of  St.  Pierre,  Riviere  du 
Sud,  and  Marguerite  Fontaine,  whose  family 
came  from  Picardy,  in  France.  Joseph  G. 
Blanchet,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was 
born  at  St.  Pierre,  on  the  7th  June,  1829, 
and  received  his  education  in  the  arts  at  the 
Quebec  Seminary  and  at  the  Ste.  Anne  Col- 
lege. He  afterwards  studied  medicine  with 
his  uncle,  Jean  Baptiste  Blanchet,  M.D., 
and  for  many  years  practised  his  profession 
at  Levis,  during  which  time  he  stood  high 
among  his  confreres  of  the  medical  frater- 
nity. Dr.  Blanchet,  jr.,  took  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  militia  of  his  native  province,  and 
in  1863  he  raised  the  17th  battalion  of  Vol- 
unteer Militia  Infantry,  which  he  command- 
ed, holding  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 
He  had  command  of  the  3rd  administrative 
battalion  on  the  frontier  during  the  St.  Al- 
bans  raid  in  1865,  and  the  active  militia 
force  on  the  south  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
river,  in  the  Quebec  district,  during  the 
Fenian  raid  of  the  next  year,  and  also  in 
1871.  Dr.  Blanchet,  during  his  residence 
in  Levis,  occupied  many  prominent  posi- 


108 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


tions.  For  six  years  he  was  its  mayor.  In 
1870  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Cercle 
de  Quebec  ;  in  1872  president  of  the  Levis 
and  Kennebec  Railway  ;  and  in  1873  he 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Catholic 
section  of  the  Council  of  Public  Instruction 
for  the  province  of  Quebec.  Though  a 
busy  man,  Dr.  Blanchet  did  not  neglect  the 
interests  of  his  country.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  politics,  and  as  early  as  1857  he  pre- 
sented himself  as  a  candidate  for  Levis  in 
the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Canada  ;  but, 
although  he  made  a  good  run,  in  the  end  he 
was  unsuccessful  in  securing  his  election. 
Four  years  later  he  again  presented  himself 
as  a  candidate  in  the  same  constituency  and 
succeeded,  and  sat  from  1861  until  confed- 
eration in  1867,  when  he  was  returned  by 
acclamation  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
There  he  continued  to  sit  until  1874,  being 
meantime  speaker  of  the  House  of  Assem- 
bly of  the  province  of  Quebec,  from  the 
meeting  of  the  first  parliament  after  con- 
federation, until  the  dissolution  of  the  sec- 
ond parliament  in  1875.  The  year  before 
this  latter  date,  in  consequence  of  the  pass- 
ing of  the  law  respecting  dual  representa- 
tion, he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  House  of 
Commons  in  order  to  continue  to  hold  one 
in  the  provincial  assembly,  which  he  did,  as 
representative  for  Levis,  until  the  general 
elections  in  1875,  when  he  was  defeated. 
In  November  of  that  year,  a  vacancy  hav- 
ing occurred  in  the  representation  for 
Bellechasse,  in  consequence  of  the  eleva- 
tion of  the  sitting  member,  Mr.  Fournier, 
who  had  been  made  a  justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  Dominion,  he  present- 
ed himself  for  election,  and  was  secured 
this  seat  ;  and  in  September,  1878,  he  was 
once  more  returned  for  Eevis.  At  the 
general  election  held  in  1882  he  was  again 
returned  by  his  old  constituency,  but  only 
held  the  seat  for  about  a  year,  when  he 
resigned  to  accept  the  collectorship  of  the 
port  of  Quebec,  and  this  office  he  still 
holds.  When  the  Hon.  Mr.  Blanchet  was 
speaker  of  the  Quebec  House  of  Assembly, 
he  showed  fine  talents  in  that  capacity, 
and  made  an  admirable  presiding  officer, 
and  some  time  before  the  fourth  parliament 
had  met,  his  name  was  again  mentioned 
in  connection  with  the  speakership,  he 
being  a  Conservative  and  his  party  once 
more  in  power.  On  the  meeting  of  the 
House  of  Commons  in  February,  1879,  he 
was  unanimously  elected  speaker  of  that 


august  body,  and  the  choice  proved  a  wise 
one,  for  he  soon  showed  himself  an  adept 
in  parliamentary  rules  and  tactics,  was 
prompt  and  impartial,  and  on  his  retire- 
ment from  office  carried  with  him  the  good 
will  and  respect  of  both  sides  of  the  House. 
In  August,  1850,  Hon.  Mr.  Blanchet  was 
married  to  Emilie,  daughter  of  G.  D.  Bal- 
zaretti,  of  Milan,  Italy,  and  the  fruit  of  this 
marriage  has  been  six  children,  four  of 
whom  are  dead,  three  having  died  in  in- 
fancy. 

Harri*,  Michael  Spurr.— The  late 
Michael  Spurr  Harris,  of  Moncton,  New 
Brunswick,  who  was  born  at  Annapolis 
Eoyal,  Nova  Scotia,  September  22nd,  1804, 
and  married,  May  llth,  1826,  Sarah  Ann 
Troop,  of  Granville,  Annapolis  county,  N.S., 
was  descended  from  a  long  line  of  ancestors. 
One  of  these,  Arthur  Harris,  came  from  Eng- 
land, and  was  among  the  earliest  settlers  in 
Duxbury,  Plymouth  county,  Massachusetts. 
In  1640  he  moved  to  Bridgewater,  Mass., 
and  a  few  years  afterwards,  about  1656,  he 
took  up  his  residence  in  Boston,  where  he 
died  on  the  10th  June,  1674,  leaving  a  widow 
and  five  children.  Samuel  Harris,  a  direct 
descendant  of  Arthur  Harris,  married,  in 
1757,  Sarah  Cook,  in  Boston,  from  whence, 
about  1763,  they  emigrated  to  Nova  Scotia, 
and  settled  in  Annapolis  county  at  a  place 
called  Mount  Pleasant,  near  Bridgewater, 
and  here  Samuel  Harris  died  in  1801,  leaving 
several  children,  among  others  the  father  of 
the  subject  of  our  sketch,  Christopher  Prince 
Harris,  who  died  in  Annapolis  county,  near 
Digby,  30th  January,  1853,  and  his  widow 
at  the  same  place  in  1862.  Sarah  Cook, 
wife  of  Samuel  Harris,  was  a  grandchild  of 
Francis  Cook,  who  came  with  the  first  Pil- 
grims from  Plymouth,  England,  to  Ply- 
mouth, America,  in  1620.  Six  years  after- 
wards her  grandfather,  on  her  mother's  side, 
came  out  to  the  Plymouth  settlement,  and 
he  it  was  who,  in  1676,  captured  the  cele- 
brated Indian  chief  "  Annawan."  Michael 
Spurr  Harris  received  his  early  education 
in  the  parish  schools  of  Nova  Scotia,  and 
passed  his  boyhood  at  his  father's  home  in 
Digby  county,  N.S.  When  quite  young  he 
went  to  St.  John,  N.B.,  and  entered  the 
employ  of  Mr.  Peterson,  a  carriage-builder, 
where,  after  serving  his  apprenticeship,  he 
began  business  ;  and  in  1826  married  Sarah 
Ann  Troop,  and  settled  in  St.  John,  con- 
tinuing his  trade  of  carriage-making.  A 
few  years  later  moving  to  Norton,  King's 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


109 


county,  N.B.,  he  extended  his  business,  and 
remained  there  until  the  fall  of  1836,  when 
he  moved  with  his  family  to  Moncton,  N.B., 
then  called  the  Bend  of  Petitcodiac.  Here 
he  became  largely  interested  in  the  lumber 
trade  and  shipping,  building  and  owning 
vessels  and  sawmills.  He  was  one  of  the 
earliest  prominent  business  men,  and  fore- 
most in  promoting  the  social,  commercial, 
and  industrial  w'elfare  of  Moncton.  Com- 
paratively self-educated,  his  manner  of  life 
did  not  throw  him  in  conflict  with  others  in 
political  questions  ;  but  he  held  liberal  and 
advanced  views  on  the  leading  questions  of 
his  day,  and  supported  the  policy  of  pro- 
vincial responsible  government,  the  union 
of  the  provinces,  and  the  encouragement  of 
manufactures.  He  was  a  magistrate,  and 
held  a  justice's  court  for  many  years.  From 
about  1840  to  1862  he  was  very  actively 
engaged  in  shipbuilding  and  the  shipment 
of  lumber  to  England,  which  at  that  time 
were  the  leading  industries  of  the  province. 
His  business  called  him  frequently  to  Great 
Britain,  and  he  was  known  among  shipping 
men  in  Liverpool  as  a  man  of  strict  busi- 
ness integrity.  The  town  of  Moncton 
elected  him  its  mayor  in  1859,  a  position 
which  he  filled  with  much  ability.  Possess- 
ed of  strong  natural  powers,  a  fine  physique, 
a  kindly  and  courteous  manner,  and  a  strong 
belief  in  the  orthodox  Christian  faith,  he 
lived  a  useful  and  exemplary  life,  and  died 
at  his  home  in  Moncton,  January  26th,  1866. 
of  paralysis,  a  malady  which  had  for  some 
years  previous  deprived  him  of  the  active 
use  of  his  limbs.  His  remains  are  in  the 
family  lot  at  Moncton  cemetery. 

Bell,  Andrew  Wilson,  Carleton 
Place,  Ontario,  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Perth,  county  of  Lanark,  Ontario,  on  the  14th 
February,  1835.  His  grandfather,  the  Rev. 
William  Bell,  who  came  from  Scotland  in 
1817,  and  was  the  first  Presbyterian  minis- 
ter in  Perth,  died  in  1857.  His  father,  John 
Bell,  carried  on  business  in  the  same  town  as 
a  merchant  from  1828  until  1849,  when  he 
died.  A.  W.  Bell  received  his  education  in 
the  old  district  grammar  school  in  Perth, 
and  after  leaving  school  began  a  busy  and 
useful  career.  In  March,  1885,  he  com- 
menced business  at  Douglas,  Renfrew  coun- 
ty, with  Charles  Coulter,  under  the  name 
of  Bell,  Coulter  &  Co.,  general  merchants, 
and  next  year  having  admitted  into  the 
partnership  Thomas  Coulter,  of  Clayton, 
Lanark,  they  traded  in  the  villages  of 


Douglas  and  Eganville  under  the  name  of 
Bell  &  Coulter,  and  in  Clayton  as  Coulter  & 
Bell.  The  partnership  was  dissolved  in  the 
spring  of  1858,  each  partner  taking  the 
branch  he  then  had  in  charge.  Mr.  Bell 
was  then  a  resident  of  Eganville,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1859  he  sold  out  his  stock  to  the 
Coulters,  and  removed  to  Carleton  Place  for 
a  few  months.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year 
he  again  began  business  in  Douglas,  and 
in  1862  entered  into  partnership  with  Don- 
ald Cameron.  The  new  firm  did  a  large 
local  mercantile  trade,  and  sent  several  rafts 
of  square  timber  to  the  Quebec  market  in 
1863-4.  This  partnership  was  dissolved  in 
1864.  Mr.  Bell,  in  the  years  1858,  1865 
and  1866,  carried  on  saw-mills  at  Eganville 
and  Douglas;  and  in  1864  and  1865,  hav- 
ing joined  William  Halpenny,  in  Renfrew, 
under  the  name  of  A.  W.  Bell  &  Co.,  they 
carried  on  a  general  mercantile  business. 
In  1867  Mr.  Bell  removed  from  Douglas 
to  Newboro',  Leeds  county,  and  where  he 
bought  out  the  business  belonging  to  John 
Draffin.  In  this  place  he  remained  until 
April,  1872,  and  then  took  up  his  abode  at 
Carleton  Place.  Here  he  prosecuted  his 
mercantile  business  until  1875,  and  then, 
selling  it  out  to  a  partner  he  had  admitted 
in  1873,  he  retired  into  private  life.  In  ad- 
dition to  his  other  business  enterprises,  Mr. 
Bell  has  dealt  considerably  in  real  estate  in 
the  counties  of  Lanark  and  Renfrew,  and 
has  bought  and  sold  many  thousand  acres 
of  farm  lands,  and  built  several  shops  and 
dwellings  in  Carleton  Place,  which  he  still 
owns.  In  1856  he  was  appointed  postmas- 
ter in  Eganville,  Renfrew  county,  which 
position  he  held  until  1859,  when  he  re- 
signed ;  again,  in  1862,  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Douglas,  in  the  same  county, 
and  resigned  in  1867.  In  March,  1862,  he 
was  made  clerk  of  the  Seventh  Division 
Court  for  Lanark  and  Renfrew,  but  when 
these  counties  were  separated  in  October, 
1866,  he  gave  up  the  position.  In  1862  he 
was  made  a  notary  public,  and  also  commis- 
sioner for  taking  affidavits  and  an  issuer  of 
marriage  licenses.  la  1863  the  Government 
conferred  upon  him  the  commission  of  a  jus- 
tice of  the  peace.  In  1873  the  Board  of 
Trade  of  Ottawa  appointed  him  official 
assignee  for  the  county  of  Lanark,  and  in 
1875  the  Government  appointed  him  to  the 
same  office,  and  this  office  he  held  until  the 
repeal  of  the  Insolvency  Act.  Mr.  Bell  also 
acted  in  the  capacity  of  creditors'  assignee 


110 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


in  the  counties  of  Lanark,  Renfrew  and  Pon- 
tiac,  and  was  arbitrator  for  the  Canada  Cen- 
tral Railway  at  Renfrew  and  at  Pembroke, 
and  purchased  part  of  the  right  of  way  for 
the  railway  company.  Mr.  Bell  was  the  origi- 
nator of  the  Winnipeg  and  Hudson  Bay  Rail- 
way and  Steamship  Company, — his  name 
being  first  in  the  charter  as  passed  by  par- 
liament,— and  he  also  had  a  hand  in  pro- 
curing two  other  North- West  charters.  Mr. 
Bell  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
having  joined  in  June,  1859.  He  held  a 
commission  as  lieutenant,  and  afterwards 
captain,  in  the  militia,  dating  from  July, 
1856.  Though  brought  up  as  a  Presby- 
terian, Mr.  Bell  now  attends  the  Episcopal 
church,  his  wife  being  a  member  of  that 
communion.  He  married,  27th  July,  1857, 
Jane  Andersen,  daughter  of  the  late  James 
Gibb,  merchant,  of  Glasgow,  Scotland. 
Mrs.  Bell  died  on  2nd  June,  1886. 

Klclntjre,  Right  Rev.  Peter,  D.D., 
Bishop  of  Charlottetown,  was  born  at  Cable 
Head,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Peter,  Lot  41, 
King's  county,  Prince  Edward  Island,  on 
the  feast  of  SS.  Peter  and  Paul,  June  29th, 
1818.  His  parents,  Angus  Mclntyre  and 
Sarah  McKinnon,  Scotch  Highland  Catho- 
lics, emigrated  from  Southwest  Inverness- 
shire  to  Prince  Edward  Island,  towards  the 
close  of  the  last  century.  Providence  blessed 
their  industry  and  integrity ;  and  they  were 
enabled  not  only  to  have  "  full  and  plenty  " 
for  a  large  family  of  sons  and  daughters,  but 
also  to  extend  the  sacred  rites  of  hospitality 
to  all  who  came  in  the  way.  Mr.  Mclntyre's 
house  at  Cable  Head  was  one  of  the  princi- 
pal stations  of  the  late  Bishop  McEachern 
in  that  part  of  the  country — before  there 
was  a  church  at  St.  Peter's — and  his  chil- 
dren were  naturally  enough  brought  to  the 
notice  of  the  pious  and  discerning  bishop. 
The  bishop,  it  is  needless  to  say,  entertained 
a  very  high  regard  for  Angus  Mclntyre  and 
his  family,  and  his  lordship  insisted  that 
the  youngest  son,  little  Peter,  should  be  sent 
to  college  to  be  educated  for  the  church.  Mr. 
Mclntyre  was  well  aware  that  the  proposed 
undertaking  would  be  exceedingly  heavy, 
at  a  time  when  schools  were  few  and  means 
were  not  easily  obtained.  But  out  of  re- 
spect for  the  wishes  of  his  bishop,  he  gen- 
erously acted  upon  the  suggestion,  and  his 
son  Peter  was  accordingly  among  the  first 
students  at  the  opening  of  old  St.  Andrew's 
College.  After  the  death  of  the  good  Bishop 
McEachern,  in  1835,  young  Mclntyre  ex- 


pressed a  strong  desire  to  be  sent  to  Can- 
ada to  pursue  his  studies.  This  wish  was 
complied  with  by  his  kind  father,  who  placed 
him  in  the  college  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  where 
he  remained  for  five  years,  entering  the 
Grand  Seminary  of  Quebec  in  1840.  After 
a  three  years'  course  at  the  Grand  Semin- 
ary he  was,  on  the  26th  of  February,  1843, 
ordained  to  the  priesthood  by  Bishop  Sig- 
nay  in  the  Cathedral  of  Quebec,  and  re- 
turned to  his  native  diocese  the  same  year. 
We  have  been  told  by  an  old  friend  of  the 
family  that  when  young  Mclntyre  first  went 
to  college,  his  father  had  accumulated  quite 
a  large  sum  in  Spanish  dollars,  and  so  was 
enabled  to  promptly  make  generous  remit- 
tances to  his  son  and  pay  the  college  bills 
on  presentation.  The  same  good  friend  also 
tells  us  that  by  the  time  young  "Father 
Mclntyre"  returned  from  Quebec  the  Span- 
ish dollars  were  pretty  low,  but  not  exhaust- 
ed. May  it  not  be  that  the  generous  manner 
in  which  his  venerable  father  furnished  him 
with  ample  funds  until  he  was  able  to  pro- 
vide for  himself,  materially  helped  to  form 
and  develop  those  generous,  hospitable  and 
princely  traits  of  character  which  we  all 
admire  in  Bishop  Mclntyre.  The  first  mis- 
sionary duties  of  Father  Mclntyre  were 
performed  as  assistant  to  Father  Perry. 
After  a  short  time,  however,  he  was  appoint- 
ed to  the  charge  of  Tignish,  Lot  7,  the  Brae 
and  Cascumpec,  with  his  principal  residence 
at  Tignish.  There  he  lived  and  laboured 
for  seventeen  years  ;  and  it  was  there  that 
he  first  gave  evidence  of  his  talent  for  build- 
ing. The  Acadian  French,  who  form  the 
largest  proportion  of  the  Catholic  congre- 
gation at  Tignish,  were,  at  that  time,  neither 
rich  in  this  world's  goods  nor  counted  en- 
terprising. Yet  to  them  belongs  the  very 
great  credit  of  building,  under  the  direction 
of  Father  Mclntyre,  the  first  brick  church 
— if  we  mistake  not,  the  first  public  build- 
ing of  brick  —  ever  erected  in  this  pro- 
vince— a  church  which,  at  this  day,  is  one 
of  the  finest  on  the  island.  Inspired  by 
their  enthusiastic  priest,  the  poor  French 
people  made  the  bricks,  hauled  them  to  the 
site,  laid  the  foundation,  and  built  the 
church.  They  had  little  money,  but  much 
zeal  ;  and  they  were  led  by  a  man  of  rare 
administrative  ability.  To  the  church  at 
Tignish  was  added  a  handsome  parochial 
house  and  a  fine  convent,  both  of  brick.  A 
church  and  parochial  house  were  also  about 
the  same  time  built  at  Brae.  The  talents 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


Ill 


and  zeal   of  Father   Mclntyre  were  soon 
recognized  by  a  church  which  — whatever 
her  faults — is  not  slow  to  see  and  reward 
true  merit.     On  the  death  of  Bishop  Mac- 
donald,  he  was  appointed  to  preside  over 
the  Koman  Catholic  diocese  of  Charlotte- 
town,  comprising  Prince  Edward  Island  and 
the  Magdalen  Islands;  and  on  the  15th  of 
August,  1860,  he  was  solemnly  consecrated 
Bishop  of   Charlottetown.     The  ceremony 
was  performed  by  the  late  Archbishop  Con- 
nolly, of  Halifax,  assisted  by  the  late  Bishop 
McKinnon  and  Bishop  Sweeney — the  late 
Bishop  Mullock,  of  St.  John's,  Newfound- 
land, and  Bishop  Dalton,  of  Harbour  Grace, 
being  also  present.     Under  the  administra- 
tion of  Bishop  Mclntyre  great  attention  has 
been  given  to  the  education  of  the  youth  of 
the  Catholic  people  and  to  the  erection  of 
buildings  in  which  to  carry  on  the  work  of 
the   church  ;    and  the   bishop's  talent   for 
building  has  found  scope.     The  first  work 
of  consequence  which  he  undertook  was  the 
rebuilding  of  St.  Dunstan's  College.     The 
Catholic  population  of   the  island   at  the 
time    of    Bishop   Mclntyre's  consecration 
was  35,500.  There  were  only  thirteen  priests 
to  minister  to  their  spiritual  wants.     The 
Catholic  population  is  now  about  55,000, 
and  there  are  thirty-seven  priests  with  well 
organized  missions.     The  new  parishes  es- 
tablished by  Bishop  Mclntyre  are  Cardigan 
Bridge,  Montague  Bridge,  Cardigan  Road, 
Morrell,  South  Shore,  Hope  Eiver,  Lot  7, 
Lot  11,  Brae,  Palmer  Road,  Little  Pond, 
Bloomfield,  Alberton,  Summerside,  in  Prince 
Edward  Island,  and  Bassin  in  the  Magda- 
len Islands,  which  form  part  of  the  diocese. 
Besides  the  splendid  episcopal  residence  in 
Charlottetown,  which  was   much  required 
for  the  diocese,  he  has  built  St.  Patrick's 
School  (one  of  the  finest  buildings  in  the 
city) ;  St.  Teresa's  Church,  Cardigan  Road; 
St.  Francis',  Little  Pond;  St.  Mary's,  Mon- 
tague Bridge;  St.  Andrew's,  St.  Peter's;  St. 
Lawrence's,  Morell ;  St.  Michael's,   Coran 
Ban  Bridge;  St.  Patrick's,  Fort  Augustus; 
St.  Joachim's,  Vernon  River;  St.  Lawrence, 
South  Shore  (the  first  stone  church  built 
on  the   island);    St,  Anne's,  Hope  River; 
St.  Charles,  Summerside;  St.  Mark's,  Lot  7; 
St.  Mary's,  Brae;  St.   Bridget's,  Lot  11; 
St.  Anthony's,  Bloomfield;  SS.  Simon  and 
Jude,  Tignish;  St.  Thomas',  Palmer  Road; 
Sacred  Heart,  Alberton ;  and  in  the  Magda- 
len Islands,  Notre  Dame  de  la  Visitation, 
Amherst;  Etang  du  Nord,  St.  Pierre;  Bas- 


sin, St.   Frangois  Xavier.      This   is   work 
enough,  one  would  say,  for  one  prelate  and 
an  indefatigable  staff  of  clergymen  for  one 
generation  ;    but  besides   these   churches, 
many  of  them  splendid  specimens  of  archi- 
tecture, there  have  been  eight  conventual 
establishments  erected  and  founded  within 
the  last  twenty -five  years  in  various  parts 
of  the   province,  which  educate   annually 
thousands  of  pupils.     The  chief  part  of  the 
labour   of  the  churches  was  done  by  the 
zealous  people  in  several  of  the  parishes. 
In  1877  Bishop   Mclntyre   organized  the 
Central  Council  of  the  Catholic  Total  Ab- 
stinence Union,  with  affiliated  societies  in 
every  parish  of  the  diocese.     He  has  ac- 
complished a  great  work  in  the  suppression 
of  intemperance  in  many  parts  of  the  island. 
In  1878  he  founded  the  City  Hospital, which 
has  already  done  a  vast  amount  of  good, 
and  has  stimulated  others  to  found  another 
hospital  for  the  sick.      His  lordship   has 
visited  Rome  four  times  since  his  consecra- 
tion, and   on   one    occasion    extended  his 
journey  to  the  Holy  Land.     He  took  part 
in  the  (Ecumenical  Council  of  1870,  where 
it  was  generally  conceded  that  no  more  im- 
posing figure  was  seen  in  the  grand  proces- 
sion of  churchmen,  than  that  of  the  vener- 
able and  stately  Bishop  of  Charlottetown. 
In  person  his  lordship  is  above  the  medium 
height,  his  carriage  is  stately  and  his  step 
elastic.      His   activity   is   remarkable;  few 
young  persons  could  endure  the  amount  of 
travelling  and  fatigue  which  is  constantly 
undergone  by  Bishop  Mclntyre,  upon  whom 
it  has   no  ill  effect  whatever.     His  voice, 
which  is  low  and  sweet,  is  so  clear  that  he  is 
easily  heard  even  at  a  great  distance.     His 
prepossessing  appearance  and  courtly  man- 
ner, no  less  than  his  genuine  kindness  of 
heart,  have  made  him  hosts  of  friends.     He 
is  highly  esteemed  by  Protestants  through- 
out the  province,  from  whom  his  blameless 
life  and  fearless  advocacy  of  what  he  deems 
to  be  right  command  respect.     The  bishop 
takes  a  great  interest  in  education,  and  is 
invariably  present,  when   his  duties  allow 
him,    at   the  examinations  in   his  Catholic 
schools.     It  is  to  his  lordship's  unflagging 
energy  and  zeal  that  St.  Dunstan's  College 
owes  its  present  hopeful  position.     Besides 
providing  for  their  secular  instruction,  the 
bishop  has  always  been  much  interested  in 
the  spiritual  welfare  of  the  little  ones  of  his 
flock  ;  it  is   his  delight  to   preach  at  the 
children's  mass  on  Sundays,  when  the  large 


112 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


congregation  of  young  folk  listen  to  hie 
clear  and  practical  instructions  with  profit 
and  pleasure.  He  is  a  clear,  forcible  speaker, 
impressive  if  not  eloquent,  with  a  perfect 
command  of  good  Anglo-Saxon.  Though  a 
zealous  prelate,  he  has  never  been  known  to 
give  utterance  to  any  intolerant  expression 
against  those  differing  from  him  in  religious 
matters.  He  has  been  to  Charlottetown,  and 
the  island  generally,  a  public  benefactor. 
Though  drawing  close  to  the  seventies,  his 
eye  is  bright,  his  Up  is  firm,  and  his  face 
fresh.  He  has  a  fine  constitution,  rises  be- 
tween four  and  five  a.  m.,  and  has  a  day's 
work  done  before  most  Charlottetown  folks 
are  out  of  bed.  He  has  many  years  of  use- 
fulness ahead  of  him,  and  hopes  not  to  com- 
plete his  labours  until  he  shall  have  built  a 
magnificent  cathedral  in  the  metropolis  of 
his  province.  That  such  a  great  worker 
deserves  and  receives  the  gratitude  of  his 
own  people  might  be  expected,  that  he  should 
and  does  command  the  admiration  of  all 
classes  is  only  reasonable  ;  and  that  he  en- 
joys the  esteem  of  his  peers  is  witnessed  by 
the  number  of  bishops  and  archbishops 
who  did  him  honour  on  the  occasion  of  his 
silver  jubilee,  which  was  celebrated  in  Char- 
lottetown, on  the  12th  of  August,  1885,  amid 
the  congratulations  and  good  wishes  of  all 
classes,  creeds  and  nationalities  in  the  com- 
munity. 

Fitzgerald,  Rev.  David,  D.D.,  Char- 
lottetown, Prince  Edward  Island.  This 
reverend  and  highly  respected  divine  was 
born  at  Tralee,  in  the  county  of  Kerry,  Ire- 
land, on  the  3rd  of  December,  1813.  He  is 
the  eldest  surviving  son  of  William  Fitz- 
gerald, barrister-at-law  of  Adrivale,  county 
of  Kerry,  who  married  Anne,  sole  daughter 
and  heiress  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Minnitt,  of 
Blackfort,  county  of  Tipperary,  and  rector 
of  Tulla,  county  of  Clare,  whose  ancestor, 
Captain  John  Minnitt,  came  to  the  country 
in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  One  of  Mr. 
Fitzgerald's  ancestors  was  a  captain  in  King 
James'  army.  This  gentleman  lived  during 
the  reign  of  six  English  monarchs,  and  died 
at  the  advanced  age  of  116  years.  Eev. 
Mr.  Fitzgerald  was  educated  at  schools 
in  Clonmel  and  Limerick,  and  obtained  his 
A.  B.  degree  and  divinity  testimonium  at 
Trinity  College,  Dublin.  In  February,  1843, 
he  married  Cherry  Christina,  second 
daughter  of  Rowan  Purdon,  M.D.,  a  phy- 
sician of  established  reputation  and  ex- 
tensive practice  in  Kerry,  his  native  county. 


His  brother,  Richard,  was  a  fellow  of  Tri- 
nity College,  Dublin,  and  his  son,  George, 
was  a  scholar  in  the  same  university.  In 
June,  1845,  after  a  creditable  examination 
by  Rev.  I.  T.  Russel,  archdeacon  of  Clogher, 
he  was  ordained  deacon  at  Tuam  by  Lord 
Plunket,  bishop  of  the  diocese,  and  in  1846 
was  ordained  priest  by  Lord  Riversdale, 
bishop  of  Killaloe,  on  letters  dimissory  from 
the  bishop  of  Clogher.  He  began  his  min- 
istry as  curate  to  Rev.  Geo.  Sidney  Smith, 
D.D.,  ex-feUow  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
at  Cooltrain,  county  of  Fermanagh.  He 
then  had  charge  of  the  district  church,  at 
Maguire's  Bridge,  in  the  same  county, 
where  as  secretary  to  the  Poor  Relief  Com- 
mittee of  that  place,  he  established  a  soup 
kitchen  for  its  famine-stricken  inhabitants, 
and  was  the  means  by  obtaining  subscrip- 
tions from  absentee  landlords  and  other 
benevolently  disposed  persons,  with  a  ton 
of  rice  from  the  Quakers,  of  providing  daily 
suitable  cooked  food  for  four  hundred  fam- 
ilies for  several  months,  and  left  on  his  de- 
parture over  £100  in  the  hands  of  the  com- 
mittee to  carry  on  the  work.  In  June, 
1847,  he  came  out  to  Prince  Edward  Island 
as  assistant  minister  to  Rev.  Dr.  Jenkins, 
then  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church.  On  the 
retirement  of  Dr.  Jenkins  and  that  of  his 
successor,  Rev.  C.  Lloyd,  in  1857,  he  was 
appointed  rector  of  the  parish,  which  he 
served  without  intermission  for  thirty-eight 
years,  when  in  1885  he  retired  from  active 
duty.  For  upwards  of  twenty  years  he  was 
a  member  of  the  board  of  education,  and  a 
trustee  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum,  and  for  some 
time  was  chaplain  of  the  Legislative  Council. 
He  is  the  author  of  several  printed  sermons 
and  pamphlets,  and  has  delivered  lectures 
on  various  subjects  for  several  years.  In 
1881  he  took  the  degrees  of  A.  M.,  B.  D.r 
and  D.D.,  at  King's  College,  Windsor.  On 
several  occasions  since  his  retirement,  he 
has  occupied  the  pulpit  in  the  parish  church 
and  in  other  churches  in  the  province,  and 
hopes  while  he  has  the  power  of  utterance 
to  speak  a  word  for  the  Master  and  for  the 
edification  of  his  followers.  Three  of  his 
children  have  been  called  from  this  world, 
and  three  remain,  viz.,  Rowan  Robert,  Q.C., 
stipendiary  magistrate  and  recorder  of  Char- 
lottetown ;  Sidney  David,  chemist  and 
druggist,  now  residing  at  Kansas,  U.S.,; 
and  Minnitt  John,  for  many  years  connected 
with  the  Union  Bank  of  Charlottetown,  now 
amalgamated  with  the  Nova  Scotia  bank  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


113 


Halifax.  Mr.  Fitgerald's  religious  views 
have  undergone  no  change.  He  is  to-day 
what  he  was  fifty  years  ago,  an  Evangelical 
churchman.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
L.  O.  A.  since  1832,  when  he  became  secre- 
tary to  Calvin  lodge,  No.  1509,  then  estab- 
lished in  Dublin.  In  1848  he  joined  the 
order  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  National  division.  He  has 
seen  some  service  and  undergone  some 
labour,  and  trusts  that  the  years  already  past 
have  not  been  spent  in  vain. 

Brock,  major-Gen eral  Sir  Isaac, 
K.B.,  was  the  eighth  son  of  John  Brock, 
and  was  bom  in  the  parish  of  St.  Peter's, 
Port  Guernsey,  on  the  6th  of  October,  1769, 
the  same  year  which  gave  birth  to  Napoleon 
and  Wellington.  He  entered  the  army  as 
ensign  in  the  8th  Eegiment  of  Infantry  by 
purchase,  on  the  2nd  of  March,  1785.  In 
1790  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant, and  at  the  close  of  the  same  year 
obtained  his  captaincy  and  exchanged  into 
the  49th  regiment.  In  June,  1795,  he  pur- 
chased his  majority,  and  on  the  25th  of 
October,  1797,  he  was  gazetted  Lieutenant- 
colonel.  In  a  little  more  than  seven  years 
he  had  risen  from  the  rank  of  ensign  to  that 
of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  served  with  his 
regiment  in  the  expedition  to  Holland  under 
Sir  Ralph  Abercrombie  in  1799.  He  greatly 
distinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of  Eg- 
mont-of-Zee,  where  he  was  wounded.  He 
was  second  in  command  of  the  land  forces 
in  the  celebrated  attack  on  Copenhagen  by 
Lord  Nelson  in  April,  1801.  On  its  return 
from  Copenhagen  the  49th  was  stationed 
at  Colchester  till  the  spring  of  1802,  when 
it  was  ordered  to  Canada,  where  its  distin- 
guished commander  earned  the  fame  and 
performed  the  gallant  services  which  have 
so  endeared  his  memory  to  the  Canadian 
people.  At  Fort  George,  shortly  after  his 
arrival  in  Canada,  Brock  quelled  an  at- 
temped  mutiny  with  great  firmness  and 
tact.  His  regiment  soon  became  one  of  the 
most  reliable  in  the  service.  In  1806  Brock 
succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  troops  in 
Canada,  and  took  up  his  residence  in  Que- 
bec. In  1811  Lieutenant-Governor  Gore 
went  to  England  on  leave,  and  Major- 
General  Brock  was  appointed  administrator 
of  the  government, — and  thus  happened  to 
be  the  civil  as  well  as  the  military  head  of 
the  province  of  Upper  Canada  on  the  out- 
break of  the  war  with  the  United  States  in 
1812.  He  at  once  threw  himself  with  great 
G 


vigour,  and  with  the  full  force  of  his  soldierly 
instincts,  into  preparations  for  the  war. 
Upper  Canada  then  had  a  population  of 
only  some  seventy  thousand  ;  the  United 
States  had  a  population  of  about  ten  mil- 
lions. In  Upper  Canada  many  of  the  settlers 
were  aliens  from  the  States — half-hearted, 
if  not  absolutely  disloyal.  The  timid  view- 
ed the  outlook  with  grave  misgivings.  In 
fact,  the  surroundings  were  enough  to  dis- 
courage the  stoutest  heart.  It  was  in  these 
circumstances,  entering  upon  what  seemed 
almost  a  hopeless  struggle,  that  the  noble 
courage,  the  unfaltering  determination,  and 
the  perfect  faith  in  his  country,  of  General 
Brock  shone  out  with  such  striking  bril- 
liancy. Our  Canadian  poet,  Charles  Mair, 
in  his  drama  of  "Tecumseh,"  has  given 
fine  expression  to  the  spirit  which  animated 
Brock,  when  he  puts  in  his  mouth  these 
words  : — 

BROCK. 

"  Tis  true  our  province  faces  heavy  odds  : 
Of  regulars  but  fifteen  hundred  men 
To  guard  a  frontier  of  a  thousand  miles  ; 
Of  volunteers  what  aidance  we  can  draw 
From  seventy  thousand  widely  scattered  souls. 
A  meagre  showing  'gainst  the  enemy's, 
If  numbers  be  the  test.     But  odds  He  not 
In  numbers  only,  but  in  spirit  too — 
Witness  the  might  of  England's  little  isle  ! 
And  what  made  England  great  will  keep  her  so — 
The  free  soul  and  the  valour  of  her  sons  ; 
And  what  exalts  her  will  sustain  you  now, 
If  you  contain  her  courage  and  her  faith. 
So  not  the  odds  so  much  are  to  be  feared 
As  private  disaffection,  treachery — 
Those  openers  of  the  door  to  enemies— 
And  the  poor  crouching  spirit  that  gives  way 
Ere  it  is  forced  to  yield." 

Brock's  first  step  on  the  outbreak  of  the 
war  was  to  ask  the  House  of  Assembly  to 
suspend  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act,  which 
they  refused  to  do  by  a  majority  of  two 
votes.  He  therefore  prorogued  the  House 
and  took  prompt  measures  to  resist  General 
Hull,  who,  with  .an  army  of  two  thousand 
five  hundred  men,  had  invaded  the  province 
at  Sandwich.  The  militia  were  called  out, 
a  few  disaffected  people  were  ordered  out 
of  the  country,  and  at  the  head  of  a  small 
force  of  regulars  and  Canadian  volunteers, 
only  seven  hundred  in  all,  with  a  force  of 
nine  hundred  Indians  under  the  celebrated 
chieftain,  Tecumseh,  Brock  crossed  the 
Detroit  river  and  captured  Detroit  with 
General  Hull's  whole  force.  His  movements 
were  wonderfully  rapid.  He  left  York  on 
the  6th  of  August,  1812,  embarked  at  Long 
Point  on  the  8th  in  small  boats  for  Amherst- 


114 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


burg,    a   distance  of   two   hundred   miles, 
where  he  arrived  on  the  13th  at  midnight. 
On   the  14th  he  moved  to  Sandwich  ;  on 
the  15th  demanded  Hull's  surrender  ;  open- 
ed fire  from  batteries  erected  that   day  ; 
crossed  the  river  during  the  night,  and  be- 
fore mid-day  on  the  16th  Hull  surrendered 
with  two  thousand  five  hundred  men,  thirty- 
three  cannon,  a  brig-of-war,  and  immense 
military  stores.     This  prompt  and  vigorous 
action   of  General  Brock  was  the  turning 
point  of  our  Canadian  fortunes.     The  suc- 
cess was  so  complete,  so  brilliant,  that  it 
produced   an   electrical   effect  throughout 
Canada.  It  was  the  first  enterprise  in  which 
our  militia  were  engaged,  and  it  aroused 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  loyal,  inspired  the 
timid,  fired  the  wavering,  and  over- awed 
the  disaffected.     From  that  moment  Brock 
became  the  idol  of  the  Canadian  people, 
and  on  his  return  to  York,  which  he  reached 
after  an  absence  of  only  nineteen  days,  he 
was   received   with  heartfelt  acclamations. 
Shortly  after,  Brock  went  to  Fort  George, 
on  the  Niagara  frontier,  where  a  large  hostile 
force  was  being  gathered  to  invade  the  pro- 
vince.    On  the  morning  of  the  13th  of  Oc- 
tober, 1812,  the  enemy  effected  a  landing 
at  Queenston  Heights.     Brock  hurried  at 
once  to  the  spot  with  a  very  small  force  he 
had  hurriedly  gathered,   and  with  that  im- 
petuous and  indomitable  energy  which  was 
his   most  striking   characteristic,    made    a 
vigorous  attack  upon  the  enemy  without 
waiting  for  the  reinforcements  which  were 
hurrying  up  to  his  support.     He  was  killed 
while   gallantly   leading   a  charge  up  the 
heights.      Although  this  for  the  moment 
checked  the  advance,  the  loss  so  roused  the 
feelings  of  his  troops  that  in  a  few  hours  a 
second  attack  was  made,  and  one  of  our 
most  glorious  victories  won,  the  whole  force 
of  the  enemy  being  killed,  wounded,  or  cap- 
tured.    This   ended  the  campaign  in  the 
west,  and  still  further  encouraged  our  people 
and  made  possible  the  final  result  of  the 
war.     No  man  was  ever  so  mourned  by  the 
Upper   Canadians   as   General  Brock.      A 
handsome   monument   was   erected   to  his 
memory  on  the  field  where  he  gave  up  his 
life  for  Canada.     This  was  destroyed  by  an 
act  of  vandalism  on  the  17th  of  April,  1840, 
but  has  been  replaced  by  a  far  more  impos- 
ing and  stately  monument  which  was  com- 
pleted in  1859,  and  now  stands  one  of  the 
most  striking  features  of  the  Niagara  fron- 
tier.    General  Brock  was  forty -three  years 


old  when  he  died.  He  was  tall,  erect,  and 
well  proportioned.  In  height  about  six 
feet  two  inches.  His  fine  and  benevolent 
countenance  was  a  perfect  index  of  his  mind, 
and  his  manners  were  courteous,  frank,  and 
engaging,  although  both  denoted  a  fixed- 
ness of  purpose  which  could  not  be  mistaken. 
As  an  evidence  of  the  high  opinion  formed 
of  him  by  the  Canadians,  the  following  ex- 
tract is  quoted  from  a  letter  of  the  late 
Chief  Justice  Eobinson,  who  knew  the  gen- 
eral personally,  and  served  under  him  at 
Detroit  and  Queenston : — 

"I  do  most  sincerely  believe  that  no  person 
whom  I  have  ever  seen  could  so  instantly  have 
infused,  under  such  discouraging  circumstances, 
into  the  minds  of  a  whole  people  the  spirit  which, 
though  it  endured  long  after  his  fall,  was  really 
caught  from  him.  His  honesty,  firmness,  frank- 
ness, benevolence,  his  earnest  warmth  of  feeling, 
combined  with  dignity  of  manner,  and  his  soldier- 
like appearance  and  bearing,  all  united  to  give 
him  the  ascendancy  which  he  held  from  the  first 
moment  to  the  last  of  his  command.  It  seemed 
to  be  impressed  upon  all,  and  at  once,  that  there 
could  be  no  hesitation  in  obeying  his  call,  and 
that  while  he  lived  all  was  safe.  The  affection 
with  which  the  memory  of  General  Brock  has  ever 
been  regarded  in  this  province  is  as  strong  as  the 
feeling  of  admiration,  and  these  feelings  still  per- 
vade the  whole  population." 

Johnson,  Hon.  Francis  Ood§- 
<  hall.  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the 
Province  of  Quebec,  and  senior  Judge  for 
the  district  of  Montreal,  with  duties  of  Chief 
Justice  at  the  court  in  Montreal,  was  born  at 
Oakley  House,  in  Bedforshire,  England,  on 
the  1st  of  January,  1817.  His  father,  Gods- 
chall  Johnson,  was  an  officer  in  the  10th 
Royal  Hussars  (then  known  as  the  Prince  of 
Wales  regiment),  and  his  mother  Lucy  Biss- 
hopp,  was  a  daughter  of  Sir  Cecil  Bisshopp, 
a  prominent  man  in  his  day,  and  a  sister  of 
Colonel  Cecil  Bisshopp,  who  lost  his  life  in 
the  war  with  the  United  States  in  1812-14, 
and  was  buried  at  Niagara,  Ontario,  where 
his  grave  can  now  be  seen.  The  Hon.  Judge 
Johnson  received  his  education  at  St.  Omer, 
in  France,  and  at  Bruges,  in  Belgium,  and 
came  to  Canada  in  1834.  He  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  the  Hon.  Justice  Day,  and  was 
called  to  the  bar  in  1839.  He  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Montreal,  and 
in  1846,  before  he  was  thirty  years  of  age, 
was  appointed  a  Queen's  counsel.  While 
practising  at  the  bar  this  learned  judge  was 
noted  for  his  eloquence,  and  while  acting 
as  Crown  prosecutor,  his  splendid  talents 
showed  to  the  best  advantage.  In  1854,  he 
was  appointed  recorder  of  Rupert's  Land, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


115 


and  governor  of  Assiniboine  (now  Mani- 
toba), and  took  up  his  residence  at  Fort 
Garry,  where  he  resided  until  1858,  when  he 
returned  to  Montreal.  Here  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession  and  continued 
until  1865,  when  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  in  which 
position  his  fine  abilities  continue  to  be 
shown.  Being  peculiarly  fitted  for  the  task 
in  consequence  of  his  previous  acquaintance 
with  the  country,  he  was,  in  1870,  selected 
by  the  Dominion  government  to  go  to 
Manitoba,  to  assist  in  the  organization  and 
establishment  of  a  regular  system  of  govern- 
ment there.  He  did  good  service  to  the 
state,  and  remained  for  about  two  years — 
special  leave  of  absence  from  Quebec  pro- 
vince having  been  given  him — acting  as  re- 
corder of  Rupert's  Land,  until  new  courts 
were  established,  and  as  commissioner  in 
hearing  and  determining  the  claims  made 
for  losses  caused  during  the  Eiel  rebellion 
of  1869-70.  He  returned  in  1872,  and  was 
appointed  lieutenant-governor  of  Manitoba, 
but  declined  the  honour,  considering  the 
position  incompatible  with  the  retention  of 
the  office  of  judge.  During  the  time  Judge 
Johnson  was  practising  in  Montreal,  he  held 
several  offices,  and  was  secretary  of  the 
commission  that  revised  the  Statutes  of 
Lower  Canada.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Church  of  England;  and  was  married  in 
September,  1840,  to  Mary  Gates  Jones, 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  Jones,  of  Montreal. 
This  lady  died  in  July,  1853,  and  left  three 
children.  His  second  marriage  was  in  March, 
1857,  to  Mary  Mills,  daughter  of  John  Mel- 
liken  Mills,  of  Somersetshire,  England,  by 
whom  he  has  also  a  family  of  three  children. 
Judge  Johnson  resides  in  Montreal. 

Desjarditii,  Dr.  Loui§  Edouard, 
Montreal,  was  born  at  Terrebonne,  on  the 
10th  of  September,  1837.  According  to  the 
"  Dictionnaire  Gene'alogique "  of  1'Abbe 
Tanguay,  his  ancestors  came  to  the  country 
more  than  two  hundred  years  ago.  He 
married  Mademoiselle  Emilie  Zaide  Pare, 
second  daughter  of  Hubert  Pare,  a  partner 
in  the  large  commercial  firm  founded  by  F. 
Souligny,  one  of  the  most  important  firms 
of  Montreal  at  that  period.  Dr.  Desjardins 
entered  upon  his  classical  studies  at  the 
College  Masson,  Terrebonne,  and  termin- 
ated them  at  the  Seminary  of  Nicolet. 
After  practising  medicine  in  Montreal  dur- 
ing seven  or  eight  years,  he  took  a  first  trip 
to  Europe  to  study  ophthalmology.  On  his 


return,  a  year  after,  he  established  at  the 
Hotel- Dieu,  of  Montreal,  a  special  depart- 
ment for  the  treatment  of  eye  diseases.  In 

1872,  he  made  a  second  voyage  to  Europe 
to  complete  his  ophthalmic  studies.    He  fol- 
lowed the  clinics  of  Bowman  and  Critchett, 
in  London;  and  of  Giraud-Teulon,  Wecker, 
Sichel  and  Meyer,   in  Paris.     During   his 
sojourn  in  London,  he  was  admitted  a  mem- 
ber of  the  International  Congress  of  Ophthal- 
mology.   When  he  returned  to  Montreal  in 

1873,  he  founded  the  ophthalmic  institute  of 
the  Nazareth  Asylum,  for  the  gratuitous  treat- 
ment of  the  poor  suffering  from  diseases  of 
the  eye,  and  at  the  same  time  to  give  clinics 
on  those  diseases  to  the  medical  students. 
It  is  the  first  institution  of  the  kind  founded 
in  Montreal.     He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  "  Societe  Me'dicale,"  and  of  the  jour- 
nal V  Union   Medicale,  to   which  he  was 
a  contributor  for  many  years.     This  year 
(1887),  in  concert  with  the  Hon.  Dr/Pa- 
quet,  Dr.  Kingston,  and  Dr.  Beausoleil,  he 
founded  the  Gazette  Medicale,  of  Montreal. 
Since  1870,  he  has  been  surgeon-oculist  to 
the  Hotel-Dieu,  and  professor  of  ophthal- 
mology at  the  School  of  Medicine  and  Sur- 
gery of  Montreal.     He  is  one  of  the  foun- 
ders and  one  of  the  supporters  of  the  news- 
paper,   UEtendard.      He   advocated,    and 
was  chiefly  instrumental  in  bringing  about, 
the  nomination  of  a  Eoyal  Commission,  in 
1883,  to  institute  an  inquiry  into  the  affairs 
of  the  Catholic  schools  of  Montreal  ;  and 
before   that    commission    he   energetically 
took  the  defence  of  the  fathers  of  familie's 
against   the  encroachments  of   the  school 
commissioners  of  that  city.      In  the  diffi- 
culties which  arose  between  the  School  of 
Medicine  (Victoria)  and  Laval  University, 
from  1876,  he  took   an   active  part  in  the 
struggle  the  school  had  to  sustain  for  the 
maintenance  of  its  rights.     In  consequence 
of  an  erroneous  interpretation  of  the  decrees 
of  Borne,  in  relation  to  the  establishment  of 
Laval  at  Montreal,  the  Archbishop  of  Que- 
bec (now  Cardinal  Taschereau)  and  nearly 
all  the  bishops  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
undertook  to  destroy  the  School  of  Medicine, 
in  order  to  give  more  scope  to  the  Laval 
branch.     The  school  tried,  but  vainly,  to 
defend  its  cause  with  the  episcopacy  ;  and 
in  June,  1883,  Mgr.  Taschereau  fulminated 
against  this  institution  his  famous  sentence 
of  rebellion  against  the  church.  Dr.  Desjar- 
dins was  then  delegated  to  Rome,  to  appeal 
from  the  sentence.  Despite  this,  the  bishops 


116 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


of  Montreal,  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  Sherbrooke 
in  their  turn  hurled  sentences  of  excommu- 
nication against  the  professors  and  pupils  of 
the  school,  and  even  against  the  parents 
who  should  continue  to  send  their  children 
to  it.  Once  in  Rome,  Dr.  Desjardins  was 
enabled  to  lay  his  appeal  at  the  feet  of  the 
Holy  Father,  and  obtained  a  favourable 
judgment.  The  order  " Suspende  omnia" 
was  sent  by  a  telegram  of  the  Cardinal- 
Prefect  of  the  Propaganda  to  the  Bishop  of 
Montreal,  on  the  24th  of  August,  1883.  In 
the  month  of  September  following,  Mgr. 
Smoulders  was  delegated  by  Leo  XIII.,  as 
Apostolic  Commissioner  to  Canada,  with 
power  to  definitely  settle  the  difficulties  ex- 
isting between  Laval  and  the  school.  At 
the  present  day  the  School  of  Medicine  is 
doing  its  noble  work  as  in  the  past,  and  has 
more  than  two  hundred  pupils. 

IMckson,  William  Welland,  M.D., 
Pembroke,  Ontari  >,  was  born  on  the  9th  of 
January,  1841,  at  Pakenham,  county  of 
BenfreW.  His  father,  Samuel  Dickson,  and 
mother,  Catherine  Lowe,  were  both  natives 
of  Ireland.  When  but  eighteen  years  of  age, 
Mr.  Dickson,  sen.,  came  to  Canada,  and  like 
many  a  young  man  in  those  days,  was  with- 
out money,  but  possessed  of  a  great  deal  of 
faith  in  his  own  right  arm.  Shortly  after 
his  arrival  he  married  and  began  to  make 
for  himself  a  home  in  the  township  of  Pak- 
enham, in  Lanark  county.  Things  suc- 
ceeding, he  commenced  the  manufacture 
of  square  timber,  and  after  a  while  became 
a  successful  lumber  manufacturer  and  ex- 
porter. He  lived  and  died  in  the  township 
in  which  he  first  settled.  William  received 
his  education  at  the  Perth  Grammar  School, 
Ontario,  at  Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville, 
Quebec,  and  pursued  his  medical  studies 
at  McGill  College,  Montreal,  where  he  gra- 
duated. He  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  Portage  du  Fort,  in  June,  1863, 
and  in  1866  removed  to  Pembroke,  where 
he  has  since  resided,  and  succeeded  in  build- 
rag  up  a  paying  business.  He  is  also  prin- 
cipal in  the  business  conducted  by  the 
Dickson  Drug  Company  in  the  same  place. 
From  1870  to  1874,  Dr.  Dickson  held  the 
position  of  captain  of  No.  7  company,  42nd 
Battalion  of  Volunteers,  and  from  1873  to 
the  present  time,  he  has  acted  as  coroner  for 
the  county  of  Renfrew.  During  the  years 
1877, '78, '79,  he  had  a  seat  in  the  town 
council  of  Pembroke,  and  in  1880,  '81,  '82,  he 
was  mayor  of  the  same  town.  From  1881 


to  1886,  he  was  one  of  the  examiners  of  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  On- 
tario. Dr.  Dickson' s  parents  were  Presby- 
terians, and  he  has  followed  in  the  same  safe 
path.  In  1869,  he  was  married  to  Jessie 
Rattray,  daughter  of  D.  M.  Rattray,  of 
Portage  du  Fort,  province  of  Quebec. 

Stockton,  Alfred  Augustus,  Bar- 
rister-at-Law,  D.C.L.,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  M.P.P. 
for  the  city  and  county  of  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  residence,  St.  John,  was  born 
November  2nd,  1842,  at  Studholm,  Kings 
county,  N.  B.  His  father  is  William  A. 
Stockton,  of  Sussex,  Kings  county,  N.B., 
and  his  mother,  Sarah,  daughter  of  the  late 
Robert  Oldfield,  who  came  to  this  country 
from  Stockport,  England.  He  is  descended 
on  the  paternal  side  from  Richard  Stockton, 
who  emigrated  from  Cheshire,  England, 
some  years  prior  to  1660,  settled  for  a 
short  time  in  Long  Island,  New  York, 
and  afterwards  removed  to  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  where  he  became  the  grantee  of 
extensive  tracts  of  land.  His  great- great 
grandfather  was  Richard  Witham  Stockton, 
who  was  born  at  Princeton,  N.J.,  in  1733, 
and  was  a  cousin  of  his  namesake  who 
signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
Richard  W.  Stockton  served  under  the 
Crown  with  the  rank  of  major  during  the 
war  of  the  revolution.  His  son,  Andrew 
Hunter  Stockton  (Mr.  Stockton's  great- 
grandfather), also  served  under  the  Crown, 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant,  throughout  the 
revolutionary  war,  and  at  its  close  they 
both,  with  other  members  of  the  family, 
came  with  the  U.  E.  loyalists  to  St.  John, 
then  known  as  Parr  Town.  They  were 
among  the  original  grantees  of  that  city. 
They  subsequently  removed  to  Sussex, 
Kings  county,  and  became  grantees  of  ex- 
tensive tracts  of  land  there.  His  great- 
grandfather, Lieutenant  Andrew  Hunter 
Stockton,  was  married  at  St.  John  (Parr 
Town)  on  the  4th  day  of  April,  1784,  to 
Hannah  Lester.  It  was  the  first  marriage 
which  took  place  at  Parr  Town.  Alfred  A. 
Stockton  was  educated  at  the  Academy 
and  at  the  University  of  Mount  Allison 
College,  Sackville,  N.B.  ;  graduated  B.A. 
there  in  1864,  being  the  valedictorian  of  his 
class,  and  M.A.  in  1867.  He  also  graduat- 
ed LL.B.  at  Victoria  University,  Cobourg, 
Ontario,  in  1869  ;  Ph.D.,  on  examination 
at  Illinois  Wesleyan  University  in  1883, 
and  received  the  degree  of  D.C.L.  from 
the  University  of  Mount  Allison  in  1884 ; 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


117 


also  LL.D.  in  course  from  Victoria  Uni- 
versity in  1887.  He  studied  law  with  his 
uncle,  the  late  C.  W.  Stockton,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  New  Brunswick  in 
Trinity  term,  1868,  and  was  for  some  years 
senior  member  of  the  law  firm  of  A.  A.  and 
R.  O.  Stockton,  of  St.  John,  N.B.  This 
legal  firm  having  been  dissolved,  he  is  now 
practising  law  on  his  own  account.  As  an 
advocate  and  as  a  speaker,  Mr.  Stockton 
stands  high,  and  has  done  good  service  for 
his  profession  in  compiling  the  rules  of  the 
Vice- Admiralty  Court  of  New  Brunswick, 
and  editing  in  1882,  with  very  extensive 
notes,  "  Berton's  Reports  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  Brunswick."  He  is  an  exam- 
iner for  degrees  at  the  University  of  Mount 
Allison  in  political  economy  and  constitu- 
tional history,  and  in  law  at  Victoria  Uni- 
versity ;  is  also  registrar  of  the  Court  of 
Vice-Admiralty  of  New  Brunswick  ;  a  di- 
rector of  the  Provincial  Building  Society  of 
New  Brunswick,  and  legal  adviser  of  the 
same  ;  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Gover- 
nors of  the  University  of  Mount  Allison 
College  and  secretary  of  the  Board  ;  presi- 
dent of  the  Historical  Society  of  New 
Brunswick  ;  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
the  Barristers'  Society  of  the  province  ;  a 
director  of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention 
of  Cruelty  to  Animals,  and  also  its  legal 
adviser  and  prosecuting  counsel.  He  was 
at  one  time  a  director  of  the  St.  John  Me- 
chanics' Institute  and  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  that  corporation.  In  July,  1883, 
a  vacancy  having  occurred  in  the  New 
Brunswick  Assembly,  in  consequence  of 
the  death  of  the  Hon.  Wm.  Elder,  LL.D., 
the  provincial  secretary,  on  the  23rd  of 
August  following,  Mr.  Stockton  was  elected 
to  the  House  of  Assembly  to  represent  the 
city  and  county  of  St.  John,  to  fill  the  va- 
cancy caused  by  Mr.  Elder's  death.  He 
was  returned  again  for  the  same  constitu- 
ency at  the  last  general  election^  in  April, 
1886.  He  was  appointed  in  June,  1887, 
by  the  government  of  New  Brunswick, 
an  advisory  and  honorary  member  of  the 
commission  to  report  upon  the  amend- 
ment of  the  "  Law  and  Practice  and  Consti- 
tution of  the  Courts  of  that  Province."  Mr. 
Stockton  was  opposed  to  the  confedera- 
tion of  the  provinces  under  the  terms  of 
the  Act  of  Union,  but  favoured  a  union 
of  the  Maritime  provinces.  Having  been 
brought  up  in  the  old  school  of  New 
Brunswick  Liberals,  he  is  naturally  op- 


posed to  the  policy  of  protection  so-called. 
He  is  a  Liberal  in  Dominion  politics,  and 
in  favour  of  manhood  suffrage,  and  thinks 
the  lieutenant-  governors  of  the  different 
provinces  should  be  elected  by  the  people 
of  the  province  at  large,  and  that  the  Sen- 
ate of  Canada  should  be  elected  for  a  spe- 
cific term  either  by  the  direct  vote  of  the 
constituencies  or  by  the  Provincial  legisla- 
tures. He  has  always  taken  an  active  in- 
terest in  higher  education,  and  has  written 
considerable  for  publication  on  different 
subjects.  At  one  time  was  one  of  the  edi- 
tors of  the  Maritime  Monthly,  since  ceased 
publication,  and  also  a  correspondent  of  La 
Revue  Critique  of  Montreal,  which  has  also 
stopped  publication.  Mr.  Stockton  for  a 
number  of  years  took  an  active  interest  in 
military  affairs,  and  held  a  commission  as 
captain  in  the  militia  of  the  province  at  the 
time  of  the  union  in  1867.  He  is  a  past 
master  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  Bruns- 
wick. He  is  also  prominently  identified 
with  the  temperance  reform  movement. 
In  religious  matters  he  is  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  denomination,  and  has  al- 
ways belonged  to  that  church,  and  at  pre- 
sent is  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Cen- 
tenary Methodist  Church  in  St.  John.  He 
was  married  on  the  5th  September,  1871, 
to  Amelia  E.,  second  daughter  of  the  Bev. 
Humphrey  Pickard,  D.  D.,  of  Sackville, 
N.B.,  who  was  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury president  of  the  educational  institu- 
tions at  Sackville,  and  one  of  the  most 
prominent  educationists  of  the  Maritime 
provinces  of  Canada. 

Cram,  John  Fairbairn,  Wool  Mer- 
chant and  Farmer,  Carleton  Place,  Ontario, 
was  born  on  October  13,  1833,  in  the  town- 
ship of  Beckwith,  county  of  Lanark,  Onta- 
rio. His  grandfather,  Peter  Cram,  in  the 
year  1820,  with  his  wife,  five  of  his  sons  and 
two  daughters,  left  their  native  village  of 
Comrie,  in  Perthshire,  Scotland,  and  set  out 
for  Canada,  to  seek  their  fortune  as  farmers. 
After  a  tedious  journey  by  sea  and  land, 
extending  over  two  months,  they  reached 
the  township  of  Beckwith,  in  Lanark,  On- 
tario, where  their  eldest  son  John  had  settled 
two  years  before,  and  had  prepared  for  them 
a  primitive  shanty  in  the  woods.  Here  the 
family  took  up  their  temporary  abode,  and 
shortly  afterwards,  the  father  and  several  of 
his  sons  selected  lands  in  the  eleventh  con- 
cession of  Beckwith.  The  lots  thev  se- 


118 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


lected  were  of  good  quality,  and  though 
heavily  timbered,  these  sturdy  Scotch  pio- 
neers did  not  feel  the  least  dismayed,  but 
soon  succeeded  in  making  a  clearing  in  the 
forest,  and  establishing  a  comfortable  home 
for  themselves.  In  1830,  James,  one  of  the 
sons  of  Peter  Cram,  and  the  father  of  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch,  married  Janet,  daughter 
of  John  McPhail,  of  the  township  of  Drum- 
mond,  and  settled  on  a  lot  adjoining  his 
father's  farm,  and  in  course  of  time  this 
worthy  couple  were  blessed  with  a  family  of 
sit  sons  and  three  daughters,  all  of  whom 
are  still  living,  though  they  and  their  des- 
cendants are  now  scattered  throughout 
Canada  and  the  United  States.  The  old 
couple  passed  away  a  few  years  ago,  Mr. 
Cram  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven  years,  and 
Mrs.  Cram  about  ten  years  younger,  both 
greatly  respected  and  regretted  by  their 
numerous  relatives  and  neighbours.  John 
Fairbairn,  who  was  the  second  eldest  son  of 
James  Cram,  was  at  the  age  of  seven  years 
sent  to  a  school  about  three  miles  from 
home,  and  was  able  to  attend  pretty  regular 
until  May,  1846,  when  unfortunately  his 
father's  dwelling  house,  with  barn  and  all 
other  outbuildings,  were  destroyed  by  fire, 
when  he  had  to  give  up  attending  school 
and  go  to  work  on  the  farm.  After  this 
he  had  few  opportunities  presented  him 
in  the  way  of  school  learning  ;  and  at  the 
age  of  seventeen  left  home  and  appren- 
ticed himself  to  John  Murdock,  of  Carleton 
Place,  as  a  tanner,  for  three  years.  He 
honourably  served  his  apprenticeship,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1853,  joined  in  a  partner- 
ship with  his  brother,  Peter,  when  they  built 
for  themselves  a  tannery  at  Appleton,  about 
three  miles  from  Carleton  Place.  The  bro- 
thers carried  on  the  tanning  business  pretty 
extensively  for  about  sixteen  years,  when 
John  sold  out  his  interest  in  the  business  to 
Peter,  and  removing  to  Carleton  Place,  erect- 
ed a  wool  and  pelt  establishment  for  himself. 
In  1872,  Mr.  Cram  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Education  of  Carleton  Place, 
and  was  re-elected  continuously  for  the  fol- 
lowing twelve  years.  He  occupied  a  seat  in 
the  Municipal  Council  of  the  village  for 
eleven  years,  three  of  which  he  presided  as 
reeve.  At  the  end  of  this  period,  finding  the 
position  too  onerous,  he  declined  re-elec- 
tion. Mr.  Cram  is  a  total  abstainer,  and  has 
been  connected  with  the  order  of  the  Sons 
of  Temperance,  the  Good  Templars,  and  the 
County  Temperance  Alliance.  In  religious 


matters,  he  is  an  adh'erent  of  the  church 
of  his  fathers — the  Presbyterian  church. 
Twenty-seven  years  ago  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  this  church,  and  for  the  last  eigh- 
teen years  has  been  one  of  its  managing 
committee,  and  six  years  ago  was  elected  a 
deacon  of  the  church.  In  politics,  he  is  a 
staunch  Reformer,  and  is  president  of  the 
Reform  Association  of  Carleton  Place.  Mr. 
Cram  has  been  fairly  successful  in  business, 
and  although  like  many  another  self-made 
man,  has  had  his  trials  and  difficulties,  yet 
he  can  afford  to  look  back  on  his  struggles 
and  say  that  with  the  help  of  God  and  an  in- 
domitable will,  I  have  succeeded  in  making 
enough  of  this  world's  goods  to  enable  me 
to  spend  the  reminder  of  my  days  in  com- 
fort. In  1865,  Mr.  Cram  was  married  to 
Margaret,  only  surviving  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Wilson,  of  Appleton.  This  estimable 
lady  died  on  the  21st  of  November,  1886. 
The  fruit  of  the  union  was  one  daughter 
(deceased)  and  three  sons. 

Ross,  Alexander  Milton,  M.  D., 
Montreal,  the  eminent  Canadian  philan- 
thropist, scientist  and  author,  has  had  a 
career  of  striking  interest.  He  was  born 
on  December  13th,  1832,  in  Belleville,  On- 
tario. His  father,  William  Ross,  was  a 
grandson  of  Captain  Alexander  Ross,  an 
officer  of  General  Wolfe's  army  of  invasion. 
Captain  Ross  took  part  in  the  battle  on  the 
Plains  of  Abraham,  which  resulted  in  the 
defeat  of  the  French  and  the  conquest  of 
all  Canada.  He  subsequently  received  a 
grant  of  lands  from  the  Crown,  and  settled 
in  Prince  Edward  County,  Upper  Canada, 
where  he  lived  until  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred in  1805.  Captain  Alexander  Ross 
was  a  grandson  of  Alexander  Ross,  laird  of 
Balnagown,  Ross-shire,  Scotland,  who  de- 
scended in  a  direct  line  from  Hugh  RossT 
of  Rariches,  second  son  of  Hugh,  the  sixth 
and  last  Earl  of  Ross,  of  the  old  family. 
Dr.  Ross's  grandmother,  on  his  father's  side, 
was  Hannah  Prudence  Williams,  a  descend- 
ant of  Roger  Williams  (1595-1683),  the 
famous  liberal  preacher,  and  apostle  of  free- 
dom, of  Rhode  Island.  His  mother,  Fred- 
eiika  Grant,  was  the  youngest  daughter  of 
John  Grant  of  the  British  army,  who  died 
from  wounds  received  at  Niagara,  in  the 
war  of  1812-1814.  His  maternal  grand- 
mother was  Mary  Jenks,  a  daughter  of 
Joseph  Jenks,  colonial  governor  of  Rhode 
Island.  Governor  Jenks  has  left  a  famous 
record  of  public  services.  He  was  speaker 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


119 


of  the  House  of  Kepresentatives  of  Khode 
Island,  from  Oct.,  1698,  to  1708;  deputy 
governor  from  May,  1715,  to  May,  1727; 
governor  from  May,  1727,  to  May,  1732. 
He  was  a  staunch  and  persistent  friend  and 
advocate  of  political  and  religious  liberty. 
In  his  boyhood  Dr.  Boss  made  his  way  to 
New  York  city,  and  after  struggling  with 
many  adversities,  became  a  compositor  in 
the  office  of  the  Evening  Post,  then  edited 
and  owned  by  William  Cullen  Bryant,  the 
poet.  Mr.  Bryant  became  much  interested 
in  young  Boss,  and  ever  after  remained  his 
steadfast  friend.  It  was  during  this  period 
that  he  became  acquainted  with  General 
Garibaldi,  who  at  that  time  was  a  resident 
of  New  York,  and  employed  in  making 
candles.  This  acquaintance  soon  ripened 
into  a  warm  friendship,  which  continued 
unbroken  down  to  Garibaldi's  death  in 
1882.  It  was  through  Dr.  Boss's  efforts 
in  1874  that  Garibaldi  obtained  his  pen- 
sion from  the  Italian  government.  In  1851 
Dr.  Boss  began  the  study  of  medicine, 
under  the  direction  of  the  eminent  Dr. 
Valentine  Mott,  and  subsequently  under 
Dr.  Trail,  the  celebrated  hygienic  phy- 
sician. After  four  years  of  unremitting  toil, 
working  as  compositor  during  the  day  and 
studying  medicine  at  night,  he  received 
his  degree  of  M.D.  in  1855,  and  shortly 
after  received  the  appointment  of  surgeon 
in  the  army  of  Nicaragua,  then  commanded 
by  General  William  Walker.  He  subse- 
quently became  actively  and  earnestly  en- 
gaged in  the  anti-slavery  struggle  in  the 
United  States,  which  culminated  in  the 
liberation  from  bondage  of  four  millions  of 
slaves.  Dr.  Boss  was  a  personal  friend  and 
co-worker  of  Captain  John  Brown,  the 
martyr.  Although  Dr.  Boss's  sphere  of 
labour  in  that  great  struggle  for  human 
freedom  was  less  public  than  that  of  many 
other  workers  in  the  cause,  it  was  not  less 
important,  and  required  the  exercise  of 
greater  caution,  courage  and  determination, 
and  also  involved  greater  personal  risks. 
Senator  Wade,  vice-president  of  the  United 
States,  said,  in  speaking  of  the  abolition- 
ists:— "  Never  in  the  history  of  the  world 
did  the  same  number  of  men  perform  so 
great  an  amount  of  good  for  the  human 
race  and  for  their  country  as  the  once  des- 
pised abolitionists,  and  it  is  my  duty  to  add 
that  no  one  of  their  number  submitted  to 
greater  privations,  perils  or  sacrifices,  or 
did  more  in  the  great  and  noble  work  than 


Alexander  Boss."  He  has  received  the 
benediction  of  the  philanthropist  and  poet, 
Whittier,  in  the  following  noble  words, 
which  find  their  echo  in  the  hearts  of  thou- 
sands : — 

DR.  A.  M.  ROSS. 

For  his  steadfast  strength  and  courage 

In  a  dark  and  evil  time, 
When  the  Golden  Rule  was  treason, 

And  to  feed  the  hungry,  crime. 

For  the  poor  slave's  hope  and  refuge, 
When  the  hound  was  on  his  track, 

And  saint  and  sinner,  state  and  church, 
Joined  hands  to  send  him  back. 

Blessings  upon  him  !— What  he  did 

For  each  sad,  suffering  one, 
Chained,  hunted,  scourged  and  bleeding, 
Unto  our  Lord  was  done. 

JOHN  G.  WHITTIER, 
Secretary  of  the  Convention  in  1833, 
which  fo'i  med  the  American  Anti- Slavery  Society. 

The  sincere  radical  abolitionists,  with  whom 
Dr.  Boss  was  labouring,  were  despised, 
hated  and  ostracised  by  the  rich,  the  pow- 
erful and  the  so-called  higher  classes;  but 
Dr.  Boss  always  possessed  the  courage 
of  his  opinions,  and  prefers  the  approval  of 
his  own  conscience  to  the  smiles  or  favours 
of  men.  During  the  Southern  rebellion  he 
was  employed  by  President  Lincoln  as  con- 
fidential correspondent  in  Canada,  and  ren- 
dered very  important  services  to  the  United 
States  government.  For  this  he  received 
the  special  thanks  of  President  Lincoln  and 
Secretary  Seward.  When  the  war  ended, 
with  the  downfall  of  the  Confederacy,  Dr. 
Boss  offered  his  services  to  President  Juarez, 
of  Mexico,  and  received  the  appointment  of 
surgeon  in  the  Bepublican  army.  The 
capture  of  Maximillian,  and  the  speedy 
overthrow  of  the  empire,  rendered  Dr.  Boss's 
services  unnecessary,  and  he  returned  to 
Canada  and  to  the  congenial  and  more 
peaceful  pursuits  of  a  naturalist.  The  ob- 
ject of  his  ambition  now  was  to  collect  and 
classify  the  fauna  and  flora  of  his  native 
country,  a  labour  never  before  attempted 
by  a  Canadian.  He  has  collected  and  clas- 
sified five  hundred  and  seventy  species  of 
birds  that  regularly  or  occasionally  visit 
the  Dominion  of  Canada;  two  hundred  and 
forty  species  of  eggs  of  birds  that  breed 
in  Canada;  two  hundred  and  forty-seven 
species  of  mammals,  reptiles,  and  fresh  water 
fish ;  three  thousand  four  hundred  species 
of  insects;  and  two  thousand  species  of 
Canadian  flora.  The  Montreal  Herald  of 


120 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


August  19,  1884,  says:— "Dr.  Koss  has 
been  a  member  of  the  British  Association  of 
Science  for  the  last  fourteen  years,  and  of 
the  French  and  American  Associations  for 
the  past  ten  years.  The  following  brief 
sketch  will,  therefore,  prove  doubly  inter- 
esting in  view  of  the  approaching  gathering 
of  scientific  men  (meeting  of  the  British 
Association,  Sept.,  1884),  in  this  city.  He 
has  devoted  special  attention  to  the  ornith- 
ology, ichthyology,  botany  and  entomology 
of  Canada;  has  personally  made  large  and 
valuable  collections  of  the  fauna  and  flora 
of  Canada;  has  enriched  by  his  contribu- 
tions the  natural  history  museums  of  Paris, 
St.  Petersburg,  Vienna,  Kome,  Athens, 
Dresden,  Lisbon,  Teheran  and  Cairo,  with 
collections  of  Canadian  fauna  and  flora.  He 
is  author  of  "Birds  of  Canada"  (1872), 
"  Butterflies  and  Moths  of  Canada  "  ( 1873), 
"Flora  of  Canada"  (1873),  "Forest  Trees 
of  Canada"  (1874),  "Mammals,  Keptiles, 
and  Fresh  water  Fishes  of  Canada  "  ( 1878 ), 
" Recollections  of  an  Abolitionist"  (1867), 
"  Ferns  and  Wild  Flowers  of  Canada  " 
(1877),  "Friendly  Words  to  boys  and 
Young  Men  "  ( 1884),  "  Vaccination  a  Med- 
ical Delusion"  (1885),  and  "Natural  Diet 
of  Man  "  ( 1886 ).  He  received  the  degrees 
of  M.D.  (1855),  and  M.A.  (1867);  and 
was  knighted  by  the  Emperor  of  Russia 
(1876),  King  of  Italy  (1876),  King  of 
Greece  (1876),  King  of  Portugal  (1877), 
King  of  Saxony  (1876),  and  received  the 
Medal  of  Merit  from  the  Shah  of  Persia 
(1884),  the  decoration  of  honour  from  the 
Khedive  of  Egypt  (1884),  and  the  decora- 
tion of  the  Academie  Frangaise  from  the 
government  of  France  (1879).  He  was  of- 
fered (and  declined)  the  title  of  baron  by 
the  King  of  Bavaria,  in  recognition  of  his 
labours  as  a  naturalist,  and  was  appointed 
consul  to  Canada  by  the  King  of  Belgium 
aud  the  King  of  Denmark.  Dr.  Ross  was 
elected  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Literature  and  the  Linnean  and  Zoological 
Societies  of  England;  the  Royal  Societies 
of  Antiquaries  of  Denmark  and  Greece;  the 
Imperial  Society  of  Naturalists  of  Russia; 
the  Imperial  Botanical  and  Zoological  So- 
ciety of  Austria;  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Science  of  Palermo,  Italy ;  a  member  of  the 
Entomological  Societies  of  Russia,  Ger- 
many, Italy,  France,  Switzerland,  Belgium, 
Bohemia  and  Wurtemburg;  member  of  the 
Hygienic  Societies  of  France,  Germany  and 
Switzerland;  honorary  member  of  the  Royal 


Canadian  Academy  of  Arts,  and  member 
of  the  European  Congress  of  Ornithol- 
ogy. For  several  years  past  Dr.  Ross  has 
laboured  with  his  characteristic  zeal  and 
energy  in  behalf  of  moral  and  physical  re- 
form. He  is  the  founder  (1880)  of  the 
Canadian  Society  for  the  Diffusion  of  Phy- 
siological Knowledge,  and  enlisted  the  sym- 
pathy and  active  support  of  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  Earl  Shaftesbury,  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Toronto,  and  two  hundred  and 
forty  clergymen  of  different  denominations, 
and  three  hundred  Canadian  school-teach- 
ers in  the  work  of  distributing  his  tracts 
on  "  The  Evils  Arising  from  Unphysiolo- 
gical  Habits  in  Youth";  over  one  million 
copies  of  these  tracts  were  distributed 
among  the  youth  of  Britain  and  Canada, 
calling  forth  thousands  of  letters  expressing 
gratitude  from  parents  and  friends  of  the 
young.  Dr.  Ross  is  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  St.  Louis  Hygienic  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  in  which  he  is  professor 
of  hygiene,  sanitation  and  physiology.  He 
is  always  on  the  side  of  the  poor  and  the 
oppressed,  no  matter  how  unpopular  the 
cause  may  be.  He  does  his  duty  as  he 
sees  it,  regardless  of  consequences  to  him- 
self. The  philanthropic  Quakeress,  Lucre- 
tia  Jenks,  thus  speaks  of  Dr.  Ross: — 

No,  friend  Ross !  thou  art  not  old  ; 
A  heart  so  true,  so  kind,  so  bold, 
As  in  thy  bosom  throbs  to-day, 
Never!  never  !  will  decay. 

Some  I  know,  but  half  thy  year?, 
Are  quite  deaf  to  all  that  cheers  ; 
They  are  dumb  when  they  should  speak, 
And  blind  to  all  the  poor  and  weak. 

There  are  none  I  know,  in  sooth, 
Who  part  so  slowly  with  their  youth, 
As  men  like  thee,  who  take  delight 
In  helping  others  to  live  right. 

LUCRETIA  JENKS. 
Rhode  Island,  22,  llmo.,  1S85. 

When  Dr.  Ross  had  attained  his  fiftieth 
birthday,  he  was  the  recipient  of  many 
tokens  of  regard  and  congratulations  from 
friends  and  co-workers.  From  the  poet 
Whittier  the  following : — 

DEAR  FRIEND— Thy  fifty  years  have  not  been 
idle  ones,  but  filled  with  good  works  ;  I  hope  an- 
other half  century  may  be  added  to  them. 

From  Wendell  Phillips  :— 

MY  DEAR  Ross— Measured  by  the  good  you 
have  done  in  your  fifty  years,  you  have  already 
lived  a  century. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


121 


From  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe: — 

"  DEAR  DR.  Ross— As  you  look  back  over  your 
fifty  years,  what  a  comfort  to  you  must  be  the 
reflection  that  you  have  saved  so  many  from  the 
horrors  of  slavery. 

During  the  small- pox  epidemic  in  Montreal 
in  1885  Dr.  Boss  was  a  prominent  opponent 
of  vaccination,  declaring  that  it  was  not 
only  useless  as  a  preventive  of  small-pox, 
but  that  it  propagated  the  disease  when 
practised  during  the  existence  of  an  epi- 
demic. In  place  of  vaccination,  he  strongly 
advocates  the  strict  enforcement  of  sani- 
tation and  isolation.  He  maintains  that 
personal  and  municipal  cleanliness  is  the 
only  scientific  safeguard  against  zymotic 
diseases.  When  the  authorities  attempted 
to  enforce  vaccination  by  fines  and  im- 
prisonment, Dr.  Bx)ss  organized  the  Anti- 
Compulsory  Vaccination  League,  and  suc- 
cessfully resisted  what  he  considered  an 
outrage  on  human  rights.  Dr.  Boss  is  a 
radical  reformer  in  religion,  medicine,  poli- 
tics, sociology  and  dietetics,  and  a  total 
abstainer  from  intoxicants  and  tobacco.  He 
is  a  graduate  of  the  allopathic,  hydropathic, 
eclectic  and  botanic  systems  of  medicine, 
and  a  member  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  the  provinces  of  Quebec, 
Ontario  and  Manitoba. 

Elli§,  William,  Superintendent  of  the 
Welland  Canal,  St.  Catharines,  Ontario,  was 
born  near  London,  England,  on  the  31st 
August,  1826,  and  came  to  Canada  in  1853, 
to  take  charge  of  the  construction  of  an 
eighty-two  mile  section  of  the  Grand  Trunk 
Bailway.  His  father  and  mother,  Thomas 
and  Margaret  Ellis,  were  members  of  two 
old  Yorkshire  families.  William  Ellis  re- 
ceived his  education  in  Cheshunt,  Herts,  and 
London,  England.  Before  coming  to  Can- 
ada, he  acted  in  England  as  engineer  and 
contractor's  agent  on  various  railway  works, 
and  in  Canada  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Bail- 
way  ;  and  during  the  last  seven  years  he  has 
been  superintendent  of  the  Welland  canal. 
While  a  resident  of  Prescott  in  1861,  he  was 
elected  town  councillor;  and  in  1864,  he  was 
chosen  mayor.  For  three  years  in  succes- 
sion he  was  president  of  the  Prescott  Me- 
chanics' Institute,  the  Grenville  ounty  Ag- 
ricultural Society,  the  Prescott  Board  of 
School  Trustees,  and  the  Prescott  Choral 
Society.  At  present  he  is  and  has  been  for 
the  past  three  years  president  of  the  St. 
Catharines  Philharmonic  Society.  Mr.  Ellis 
belongs  to  the  Episcopal  church,  and  oc- 


cupies a  prominent  position  in  the  denom- 
ination. He  was  for  three  years  church- 
warden while  in  Prescott,  and  for  twenty- 
one  years  lay  delegate  for  that  parish.  For 
St.  Catharines,  he  has  been  lay  delegate  for 
six  years,  and  is  al§o  churchwarden  of  St. 
George's  Church,  and  warden  of  St.  George's 
Guild.  During  the  Fenian  troubles  in  1866, 
Mr.  Ellis  served  as  lieutenant  in  the  Garri- 
son Artillery  in  Prescott,  and  retired  from 
military  seivice  on  the  disbandment  of  his 
company.  He  has  travelled  a  good  deal, 
and  has  twice  visited  France.  He  has  been 
married  twice.  First,  in  October,  1855,  to 
M.  E.  A.  Jessup,  of  Prescott,  daughter  of 
Edward  Jessup,  formerly  M.P.,  for  the 
Johnstown  district.  This  lady  died,  leav- 
ing a  family  of  two  children.  The  son  has 
graduated  M.D.  in  McGill  University.  He 
married  the  second  time  in  May,  1886,  to 
iV! .  A.  A.  Bryant,  daughter  of  Shettelworth 
Bryant,  of  Blackheath  (Eng.),  and  cousin 
of  Colonel  Bryant,  St.  Leonards,  England. 
Call,  Robert  Kanclolpli,  Newcas- 
tle, New  Brunswick,  was  born  in  Newcastle, 
Miramichi,  N.B.,  September  12, 1837.  His 
father,  Obadiah  Call,  was  a  native  of  the 
state  of  Maine,  having  been  born  in  the 
village  of  Dresden,  August  1,  1800,  and  is 
still  alive.  Margaret  Burke,  his  mother, 
was  born  in  Limerick,  Ireland,  in  1810,  and 
came  to  Miramichi  with  her  father,  who  was 
a  house-carpenter,  shortly  after  the  great 
fire  in  1825.  She  died  on  the  10th  of  May, 
1877.  Bobert,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  educated  at  the  Grammar  School  of 
Newcastle,  and  soon  after  leaving  this  in- 
stitution developed  an  aptitude  for  business. 
In  1871,  in  company  with  John  C.  Miller, 
he  built  the  side-wheel  steamer  New  Era, 
and  established  the  first  line  of  passenger 
steamers  that  ran  on  the  Miramichi  river. 
During  the  past  twenty-five  years  he  has 
been  interested  in  the  steamboat  business, 
and  occupied  the  position  of  agent  for  the 
Quebec  and  Gulf  Ports  Steamship  Company, 
and  for  other  lines  of  steamers  that  have 
called  at  the  port  of  Newcastle.  On  Novem- 
ber 26,  1866,  he  received  the  appointment 
of  United  States  Consular  Agent  at  New- 
castle. In  June,  1867,  was  elected  chair- 
man of  the  Northumberland  County  Alms- 
house  Commissioners ;  and  in  January,  1874, 
was  made  a  member  of  the  board  of  Pilot- 
age Commissioners  for  the  Miramichi  dis- 
trict of  New  Brunswick,  under  the  Pilotage 
Act,  which  then  came  into  force,  and  was 


122 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


chosen  its  secretary- treasurer.  Mr.  Call  is 
owner  of  the  gas  works  in  his  native  town, 
and  they  are  operated  under  his  own  imme- 
diate direction.  On  the  9th  September, 
1865,  he  was  appointed  a  lieutenant  in  the 
2nd  battalion  Northumberland  County  Mi- 
litia; and  on  October  1st,  1868,  at  a  public 
meeting  held  in  the  town  of  Newcastle  for 
the  purpose  of  organizing  a  battery,  was 
chosen  captain  of  the  Newcastle  Field  Bat- 
tery of  Artillery,  and  was  gazetted  as  such 
on  the  18th  December  of  the  same  year. 
On  the  18th  December,  1873,  he  was  made 
major,  and  lieutenant-colonel  on  the  4th 
February,  1885.  He  still  retains  the  com- 
mand of  this  battery,  which  he  was  mainly 
instrumental  in  raising.  In  1875  this  corps 
was  called  into  active  service  during  the 
school  riots  in  Caraquet,  Gloucester  county. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Call,  with  Lieutenant 
Mitchell  second  in  command,  and  part  of 
the  battery,  in  all  forty  six  persons,  with 
horses,  sleds,  two  nine-pounder  guns,  am- 
munition, etc.,  left  Newcastle  on  the  after- 
noon of  the  28th  January  for  Bathurst,  the 
shire  town  of  Gloucester  county,  and  had  to 
traverse  a  distance  of  fifty-five  miles  through 
a  comparatively  desolate  country.  The 
weather  was  very  unsettled,  and  more  severe 
than  it  had  been  for  years.  The  snow  was 
fully  four  feet  deep  on  the  level,  while  in 
many  places  it  was  drifted  so  badly  that  the 
men  had  to  shovel  for  hours  before  the  teams 
could  pass.  They,  however,  after  experi- 
encing great  fatigue,  and  with  hard  labour, 
succeeded  in  reaching  their  destination  on 
the  evening  of  the  29th,  having  accom- 
plished the  journey  in  twenty-eight  hours, 
without  resting,  except  while  the  horses 
were  being  fed  on  the  road,  the  men  in 
the  meantime  keeping  their  seats  on  the 
sleds,  and  eating  the  provisions  they  had 
brought  from  home  with  them.  On  their 
arrival  in  Bathurst  they  found  that  twenty - 
six  of  the  leading  rioters  had  been  safely 
lodged  in  the  jail  there.  The  infantry  that 
followed  them  proceeded  to  Caraquet. 
Here  the  battery  remained  for  about  six 
weeks,  making  the  court  house  their  bar- 
racks, until  the  excitement  was  calmed 
down  and  quiet  was  restored.  Mr.  Call 
became  a  member  of  Northumberland 
lodge,  A.  F.  and  A.  Masons,  in  1863,  and  in 
the  years  1866  and  1867  was  master  of  the 
lodge.  In  1873  he  was  appointed  repre- 
sen^ative  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  Jer- 
sey. He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Northum- 


berland Highland  Society,  and  one  of  its 
vice-presidents.  He  has  travelled  a  good 
deal,  having  visited  England  for  his  health 
in  1863,  going  over  and  returning  in  a 
sailing  vessel.  In  1881  he  went,  via  Lake 
Superior,  to  Rainy  River,  Lake  of  the 
Woods,  Winnipeg,  etc.,  to  Portage  la 
Prairie,  then  the  extreme  end  of  the  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Railway,  for  the  purpose  of 
having  a  look  at  this  wonderful  country, 
and  has  taken  an  occasional  trip  to  the 
United  States.  Mr.  Call  is  a  Presbyterian, 
is  one  of  the  Trustees  of  St.  James'  Church, 
and  has  been  its  secretary  and  treasurer 
since  1874.  He  was  married,  May  21st,  1862, 
to  Annie  Rankin  Nevin,  who  was  born  in 
Stonehaven,  Kincardineshire,  Scotland,  on 
5th  December,  1836. 

Dowdall,  James. —  The  deceased, 
James  Dowdall,  who  for  many  years  prac- 
tised as  a  Barrister- at-Law  in  the  town  of 
Almonte,  Ontario,  was  born  at  Perth,  coun- 
ty of  Lanark,  on  the  31st  December,  1853, 
and  died  on  the  27th  October,  1885.  His 
father,  Edward  Dowdall,  was  a  son  of  the 
deceased  Patrick  Dowdall,  a  reputable  and 
well-educated  magistrate  of  the  township 
of  Drummond,  in  the  county  of  Lanark; 
and  his  mother,  Mary  O'Connor,  was  a 
daughter  of  an  equally  respected  and  lit- 
erary farmer  of  Drummond  township, — 
Denis  O'Connor,  who  was  successful  in  life, 
and  died  February,  1887.  James  Dowdall 
received  his  education  at  the  Public  and 
High  schools  of  Almonte,  to  which  town  his 
parents  removed  when  he  was  four  years  of 
age.  In  1872  he  commenced  his  law  course 
with  Joseph  Jamieson,  M.P.,  Almonte,  and 
concluded  his  studies  in  the  office  of  Hon. 
Edward  Blake,  at  Toronto,  and  was  called 
to  the  bar  in  1877.  He  then  formed  a 
partnership  with  D.  G.  Macdonell,  and  the 
firm  in  a  very  short  time  attained  to  a  high 
position  in  the  legal  fraternity,  and  secured 
a  large  share  of  public  support.  He  was 
president  of  several  literary,  debating,  ben- 
evolent and  other  societies,  from  his  seven- 
teenth year  continuously  until  his  death  in 
1885.  He  also  occupied  the  position  of 
president  of  the  local  Reform  Association ; 
was  founder  and  president  of  the  Almonte 
branch  of  the  Catholic  Mutual  Benefit  As- 
sociation; chairman  of  the  Separate  School 
Board;  had  a  seat  on  the  High  School 
Board;  and  for  years  sat  in  the  town  coun- 
cil. He  had  a  very  large  law  practice,  and 
for  years  previous  and  up  to  his  demise 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


123 


was  Crown  counsel  for  the  counties  of  Lan- 
ark and  Renfrew.  Mr.  Dowdall  was  a  pub- 
lic spirited  man,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
everything  that  went  to  improve  his  native 
place  and  the  surrounding  district.  He  was 
a  staunch  Reformer,  and  took  an  intelligent 
interest  n  politics.  As  a  speaker,  he  was 
eloquent  and  argumentative,  and  travelled 
through  Lanark  and  other  counties  in  On- 
tario during  several  local  and  federal  elec- 
tion campaigns,  and  did  good  work  for  his 
party.  In  1879  he  married  Onogh  T.  Nogle, 
daughter  of  the  late  William  Nogle,  and  left 
a  family  of  children.  The  Almonte  Gazette 
thus  alludes  to  his  death : — "  Mr.  Dowdall 
was  an  able  antagonist  in  court,  quick  to 
see  the  weak  points  in  an  opponent's  case, 
and  no  less  expert  in  concealing  his  own. 
These  qualities,  as  well  as  his  careful  study 
of  the  law  in  each  case,  made  him  a  gener- 
ally successful  lawyer  in  court,  while  his 
knowledge  of  human  nature  gave  him  great 
advantage  in  ci  oss-examination.  Had  his 
life  been  spared  there  is  no  doubt  he  would 
have  risen  to  the  highest  point  in  his  pro- 
fession. His  many  good  qualities  more 
particularly  demand  our  grateful  recogni- 
tion. Many  a  battler  with  the  world  can 
tell  of  a  hand  stretched  out  and  aid  given 
just  at  a  time  when  a  friend  in  need  was  a 
friend  indeed.  Many  a  struggling  trades- 
man can  tell  how  often  he  has  mounted  the 
office  stairs  to  ask  for  help  to  meet  a  note 
or  some  other  dmilar  emergency,  and  that 
he  did  not  ask  in  vain.  Many  a  poor  and 
perplexed  one  took  up  his  time  by  recount- 
ing some  act  of  another's  from  which  they 
were  or  had  been  suffering,  and  from  him 
obtained  as  much  attention  and  as  carefully 
considered  advice  as  though  they  had  car- 
ried a  large  fee  in  their  hands.  The  blank 
caused  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Dowdall  will  be 
a  wide  one:  not  all  at  once  will  it  be  dis- 
covered how  much  he  is  missed,  but  as  the 
days  and  weeks  glide  by  there  will  be  many 
occasions  when  parties  will  long  for  the 
sound  of  a  voice  that  is  still,  and  it  is  safe 
to  say  in  his  case  that  take  him  for  all  and 
all  it  will  be  long  before  we  look  upon  his 
like  again.  Mr.  Dowdall  was  a  Roman  Ca- 
tholic, and  the  Roman  Catholic  church  of 
this  town  will  miss  his  counsel  and  assist- 
ance greatly,  but  it  can  be  said  to  his  credit 
that  though  himself  a  devoted  Catholic  he 
was  as  broad-minded  and  liberal  as  he  was 
zealous  in  religious  matters.  Throughout 
his  career  he  always  showed  a  warm  feeling 


for  his  co-religionists,  while  nothing  ever 
prevented  his  doing  justice  to  those  who 
differed  from  him.  The  Reform  party,  too, 
will  greatly  miss  him."  The  Central  Can- 
adian^ of  Carleton  Place,  also  spoke  of  him 
in  this  kindly  manner: — "As  a  member  of 
the  corporation  of  Almonte,  he  contributed 
of  his  judgment,  knowledge,  energy,  and 
life  to  make  everybody  happy  and  every- 
thing prosperous.  Mr.  Dowdall' s  promi- 
nent play  in  politics  and  his  long  sphere  of 
operations  as  a  lawyer  of  much  discretion 
and  accuracy  brought  out  his  innermost  self 
in  a  way  few  other  professions  do,  and 
showed  what  manner  of  man  he  was.  Yet 
though  thus  so  fiercely  exposed  to  hostile 
criticism,  he  made  iron-bound  friends  where- 
ever  he  went.  He  had  a  personality  so  at- 
tractive, a  character  so  disarming  in  its 
tenderness  and  self-abnegation  ;  he  was 
so  clear  and  candid  that  he  broke  down 
all  barriers  of  prejudice.  Moreover,  among 
his  intimates  he  possessed  that  mysterious 
gift  of  attraction  which  in  colloquial  sym- 
bolism is  called  magnetism.  On  the  28th 
September,  Mr.  Dowdall  first  complained 
and  was  advised  by  his  physician  to  take 
rest,  which  he  did,  but  contrary  to  advice 
he  went  out  on  Tuesday  and  drove  up  to 
the  Reform  meeting,  and  died  on  the  27th 
October,  1885."  Richard  J.  Dowdall,  bar- 
rister, has  succeeded  to  the  practice  of  the 
late  James  Dowdall.  He  had  just  com- 
pleted his  law  course  at  the  time  of  his 
brother's  death,  and  at  once  commenced 
practice  in  the  old  offices  at  Almonte. 

Crocket.  William,  A.M.,  Chief  Super- 
intendent of  Education  for  New  Brunswick, 
Fredericton,  was  born  in  Brechin,  in  the 
north  of  Scotland,  on  the  17th  of  May,  1832. 
His  parents  were  James  Crocket  and  Mar- 
tha Procter.  William  received  his  elemen- 
tary education  at  the  High  School  of  his 
native  parish,  and  then  went  to  King's  Col- 
lege, Aberdeen,  wheje  he  took  the  univer- 
sity course.  His  professional  training  he 
received  at  the  Established  Church  Normal 
School  in  Glasgow.  He  came  to  New  Bruns- 
wick in  1856,  and  from  this  date  to  1861, 
filled  the  position  of  principal  of  the  Supe- 
rior School  at  Campbellton,  New  Brunswick. 
In  1861,  he  was  appointed  rector  of  the 
Presbyterian  Academy,  at  Chatham,  New 
Brunswick,  and  acted  as  such  until  1870, 
when  he  was  appointed  principal  of  the 
Normal  School  of  New  Brunswick,  and  this 
office  he  held  until  1883.  On  the  13th 


124 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


November  of  that  year,  he  was  appointed 
by  the  government  of  New  Brunswick,  its 
chief  superintendent  of  education  for  the 
province,  and  this  office  he  now  holds,  and 
is  greatly  respected  by  all  with  whom  his 
official  position  brings  him  in  contact.  Mr. 
Crocket  has  been  faithful  to  his  profession; 
has  laboured  zealously  to  improve  the  me- 
thod of  teaching  in  the  Public  schools  of 
the  province,  and  has  the  satisfaction  of 
knowing  that  his  efforts  have  not  been  bar- 
ren of  results.  He  has  also  taken  a  deep 
interest  in  the  higher  education  of  the  pro- 
vince, and  has  been  for  over  ten  years  one 
of  the  examiners  for  degrees  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  New  Brunswick,  and  is  likewise  a 
member  of  the  University  Senate.  He 
belongs  to  the  church  of  his  fathers,  the 
Presbyterian;  and  was  married  to  Marion, 
daughter  of  William  M.  Caldwell,  of  Camp- 
bellton,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  13th  of 
April,  1858. 

Barclay,  Rev.  James,  M.A.,  Pastor 
of  St.  Paul's  Presbyterian  Church,  Montreal, 
is  a  native  of  Paisley,  Scotland,  having  been 
born  in  that  town  on  the  19th  June,  1844. 
His  parents  were  James  Barclay  and  Mar- 
garet Cochrane  Brown.  He  received  his  pri- 
mary education  in  Paisley  Grammar  School, 
and  Merchiston  Castle  School,  Edinburgh, 
and  then  went  to  the  University  of  Glas- 
gow, where  he  graduated  with  high  honours. 
He  was  then  called  to  St.  Michael's  Church, 
Dumfries.  On  the  occasion  of  his  ordin- 
ation, the  Kev.  Dr.  Lees,  of  St.  Giles,  Ed- 
inburgh, who  was  present,  spoke  in  the 
most  kindly  manner  of  the  young  minister, 
and  said  that  during  Mr.  Barclay's  college 
course  the  presbytery  of  Paisley  had  great 
cause  to  be  proud  of  him;  he  had  carried 
off  one  prize  after  another — in  fact,  his 
name  was  seen  on  every  list  of  honours  pub- 
lished by  the  university.  Rev.  \Tr.  Barclay's 
next  charge  was  Canobie,  Dumfriesshire; 
then  he  preached  for  some  time  in  Linlith- 
gow,  and  was  afterwards  induced  to  seek 
a  wider  field  for  his  talents,  and  was  chosen 
colleague  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  McGregor  in  St. 
Cuthbert's  Church,  Edinburgh.  Here  he 
soon  won  for  himself  a  name,  and  became 
one  of  the  most  popular  preachers  in  the 
Scotch  metropolis.  St.  Paul's  Church,  Mon- 
treal, being  without  a  pastor,  it  extended  a 
unanimous  call  to  M  r.  Barclay,  asking  him 
to  come  to  Canada  and  take  charge  of  this 
church,  which  he  consented  to  do,  and  was 
inducted  as  its  minister  on  the  llth  of  Oc- 


tober, 1883.  Since  then  his  ministry  in 
Montreal  has  been  eminently  successful, 
and  his  influence  among  the  young  men  of 
that  city  is  greatly  marked,  so  much  so 
that  they  flock  to  his  church  in  great  num- 
bers, and  regard  him  in  a  special  sense  as 
their  friend.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Barclay  has 
great  mental  qualities,  is  an  independent 
thinker,  and  never  hesitates  to  enunciate 
the  scientific  and  theological  thoughts  of 
the  times  we  live  in.  His  sermons  are  pre- 
pared with  great  care,  and  are  delivered 
with  earnestness  and  force.  He  is  a  good 
reader,  an  impressive  platform  speaker,  and 
his  prayers  are  solemn,  reverential  and 
spiritual,  leading  man  up  from  self  and 
earth  and  sin  into  the  presence  of  God,  the 
Father  of  all.  PhysicaUy  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Barclay  is  tall  and  muscular,  giving  one  an 
idea  of  strength  and  power.  He  belongs 
to  the  Charles  Kingsley  school,  and  is  a 
lover  of  outdoor  pastimes  and  sports,  a 
champion  cricketer  and  golf  player,  and  a 
great  admirer  of  the  "  roaring  game  "- 
curling.  The  Edinburgh  Scotsman  has 
spoken  of  him  as  being  the  bebt  all  round 
cricketer  in  Scotland,  and  a  terrifically  fast 
bowler  who  has  won  victory  after  victory 
for  the  west  of  Scotland.  He  was  captain 
of  the  Glasgow  University  cricket  and  foot- 
ball clubs  for  some  years,  and  also  captain 
of  the  "  Gentlemen  of  Scotland."  We  are 
glad  that  in  this  matter  of  out-door  recre- 
ation, and  also  in  some  other  matters,  he 
has  shown  the  courage  of  his  convictions, 
and  we  do  not  think  he  has  lost  anything 
by  it.  There  is  such  a  thing  as  being  too 
professional  and  too  priestly,  and  there  can 
be  little  doubt  but  that  this  has  done  its 
full  share  in  creating  the  somewhat  general 
prejudice  that  exists  among  young  men 
against  religion.  This  popular  divine  has 
been  honoured  by  being  called  on  to  preach 
before  Queen  Victoria  on  several  occasions, 
and  he  stands  high  in  her  Majesty's  esti- 
mation as  an  expounder  of  the  gospel  of 
Christ.  The  congregation  of  St.  Paul's 
Church  is  large  and  influential.  Its  min- 
isters have  always  been  men  of  commanding 
intellect  and  gentlemanly  bearing,  and  who 
held  their  several  pastorates  for  a  consider- 
able number  of  years.  Their  names  and 
good  deeds  are  kindly  remembered  by  the 
citizens  and  the  members  of  the  church  and 
congregation.  The  regular  communicants 
of  the  church  number  about  six  hundred, 
and  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper  is 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


125 


administered  three  times  a  year.  The  sev- 
eral organizations  of  the  church  are  doing 
good  work  for  humanity,  and  there  is  a 
large  and  flourishing  Sunday  school.  The 
Victoria  mission,  at  Point  St.  Charles,  is 
supported  and  carried  on  by  this  church; 
and  it  also  supports  a  missionary  in  Cen- 
tral India.  Its  annual  revenue  amounts  to 
about  $22,000.00,  and  the  pastor's  salary  is 
$7,300.00,  the  largest  paid  to  any  minister 
in  the  dominion. 

WafNon,  George,  Collector  of  Cus- 
toms, Collingwood,  Ontario,  was  born  on 
the  2nd  of  December,  1828,  in  the  parish 
of  Strathdon,  near  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  on 
a  farm  that  had  been  occupied  by  his  fore- 
fathers for  over  two  hundred  years,  and 
which  one  of  the  family  still  occupies.  The 
first  of  the  Watson  family,  an  aunt  of  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  came  to  York,  Upper 
Canada,  in  1816,  at  the  solicitation  of  Bis- 
hop Strachan,  who  came  to  Canada  in  1812 
from  the  same  parish.  His  uncle-in-law, 
William  Arthurs  (father  of  the  late  Colonel 
Arthurs),  was  one  of  the  first  city  council- 
lors of  Toronto,  William  Lyon  Mackenzie, 
mayor.  His  father,  Alexander  Watson,  em- 
igrated to  Upper  Canada  in  1832,  and  settled 
on  a  farm  in  the  township  of  Chinguacousy, 
about  twenty  miles  from  Toronto,  and  died 
at  Collingwood  on  the  30th  of  November, 
1877,  at  the  ripe  old  age  of  eighty-four  years 
and  six  months.  His  mother  was  named 
Annie  Watt,  and  died  at  the  family  home- 
stead in  Scotland  when  only  twenty-nine 
years  and  nine  months  old.  George  re- 
ceived his  early  education  in  the  parish 
school  of  Strathdon,  and  coming  to  Canada 
in  1843,  finished  his  course  of  studies  in 
the  Grammar  School  at  Toronto.  He  went 
on  his  father's  farm  and  continued  there 
until  1855,  when  he  took  the  position  of 
passenger  conductor  on  the  Northern  Kail- 
way,  and  continued  as  such  for  nearly 
twelve  years.  In  October,  1866,  in  conse- 
quence of  ill  health,  he  gave  up  railroading, 
and  in  November  of  the  same  year  received 
the  government  appointment  of  sub-collec- 
tor at  the  port  of  Collingwood.  In  1873, 
when  the  port  was  made  an  independent 
one,  he  was  made  collector,  and  this  posi- 
tion he  still  holds.  He  has  now  resided  in 
Collingwood  over  thirty-two  years,  and  oc- 
cupied the  position  of  government  officer 
of  customs  over  twenty  years.  In  1867 
Mr.  Watson  was  elected  mayor  of  Colling- 
wood, and  held  the  office  for  five  consecut- 


ive years,  and  at  the  end  of  this  time  he  de- 
clined to  serve  any  longer;  but  hi  1877, 
however,  he  was  again  induced  to  accept 
the  office,  and  served  another  term.  He  is 
a  justice  of  the  peace;  and  has  been  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  license  commissioners 
for  West  Simcoe  since  the  passing  of  the 
Ontario  License  Law  in  1876.  He  is  an 
enthusiastic  Scot,  and  has  filled  the  office  of 
president  of  the  Collingwood  St.  Andrew's 
Society  since  its  organization  in  1880.  Mr. 
Watson  is  also  surveyor  and  registrar  of 
shipping  for  the  Collingwood  district.  He 
is  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
and  in  politics  a  Reformer,  as  were  his  fore- 
fathers. In  June,  1865,  Mr.  Watson  was 
married  to  Joanna,  daughter  of  the  late 
John  Watson,  of  Chinguacousy,  and  has  a 
family  of  three  sons,  George,  aged  twenty 
years,  Lome  Mackenzie,  aged  four  years, 
and  Norman,  aged  four  months.  Mr.  Wat- 
son is  one  of  Nature's  noblemen,  and  has 
through  life  manifested  a  thoroughly  inde- 
pendent spirit,  and  one  well  worthy  of  imi- 
tation by  any  young  man  starting  out  in 
life.  He  has  earned  for  himself  a  compe- 
tency "  for  the  glorious  privilege  of  being 
independent." 

Cri§p,  Rev.  Robert  S.,  Pastor  of  the 
Methodist  Church,  Moncton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, is  one  of  two  brothers  (Robert  S.  and 
James  Crisp),  who  came  to  the  Maritime 
provinces  during  the  years  1871  and  1872r 
for  the  purpose  of  entering  the  Methodist 
ministry.  Robert  S.,  the  elder  of  the  two 
brothers  and  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born 
near  Norwich,  England,  July  1st,  1848.  He 
is  the  eldest  son  of  James  and  Sarah  Crisp, 
and  is  descended  on  his  mother's  side  from 
a  junior  branch  of  the  Walpole  family,  some 
members  of  which  occupied  important  posi- 
tions in  English  politics  during  the  reigns  of 
George  I.  and  George  II.  Many  interest- 
ing traditions  and  relics,  as  well  as  valuable 
estates  in  Norfolk,  still  remain  in  this  branch 
of  the  family.  After  receiving  a  general 
education  in  the  public  schools  and  in  a 
private  school  of  his  native  place,  Mr.  Crisp 
took  theological  studies  under  the  direction 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  G.  Keeling,  M.A.,  well 
known  in  certain  divinity  circles  in  the  old 
country,  purposing  to  offer  himself  for  the 
Methodist  ministry  in  connection  with  the 
English  conference.  A  letter  from  the  late 
Rev.  Dr.  Geo.  Scott,  urging  him  to  go  to 
America,  decided  him,  however,  in  an  early 
purpose  he  had  formed  of  some  time  offer- 


126 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


ing  himself  for  the  work  under  the  control 
of  the  (then)  Eastern  British  American  con- 
ference, which  he  accordingly  did  in  Octo- 
ber, 1871,  and  on  arriving  in  this  country 
was  appointed  assistant  to  the  Rev.  F.  W. 
Harrison,  in  a  large  country  charge  on  the 
banks  of  the  St.  John  river,  in  New  Bruns- 
wick. Among  other  charges  held  by  Mr. 
Crisp,  have  been  Charlottetown,  P.E.I., 
Chatham,  Portland,  and  Moncton,  N.B.  Mr. 
Crisp's  especial  aim  has  been  to  adapt  him- 
self as  far  as  possible  to  the  actual  needs 
and  tastes  of  the  people  among  whom  he 
has  laboured  in  word  and  doctrine.  As  a 
result  of  this  he  has  been  successful  in  his 
work,  and  the  church  to  which  he  belongs 
has  been  extended  and  consolidated  in  his 
various  charges.  He  is  also  well  known  as 
a  lecturer  and  enthusiastic  temperance 
worker.  In  the  latter  capacity  he  has  some- 
times aroused  much  opposition.  He  was 
chosen  to  deliver  an  address  of  welcome  at 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  Sons  of  Temper- 
ance in  Moncton  in  1886,  and  as  a  result  of 
remarks  he  made  regarding  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  man  who  was  transacting  busi- 
ness in  liquor,  to  the  office  of  justice  of  the 
peace  in  a  town  in  which  the  Scott  Act  had 
been  adopted,  he  was  sued  for  libel  with 
damages  laid  at  $10,000.  Rev.  Mr.  Crisp, 
however,  kept  on  steadily  in  his  course,  and 
soon  after  the  local  government  appointed 
a  commission  to  enquire  into  the  charges 
preferred.  Mr.  Crisp  is  still  a  young  man 
( 1887),  and  hopes  to  have  very  many  years 
of  labour  before  him  in  various  departments 
of  Christian  work. 

Harris,  Joseph  A.,  Barrister- at-law, 
Moncton,  New  Brunswick,  is  the  fifth  son 
of  Michael  S.  Harris,  and  was  born  at 
Moncton,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  23rd  of 
August,  1847.  He  received  his  educational 
training  at  the  Mount  Allison  Academy, 
New  Brunswick,  and  in  the  Liverpool  Col- 
legiate Institution,  England.  After  leaving 
school  he  followed  mercantile  pursuits  un- 
til 1872,  when  he  began  the  study  of  law 
in  the  office  of  J.  Hickmann,  barrister,  Dor- 
chester, New  Brunswick,  and  continued 
here  until  September  of  1873,  when  he  en- 
tered Harvard  University,  Massachusetts. 
In  this  university  he  remained  for  over  two 
years.  He  then  returned  to  his  native  pro- 
vince, and  entered  the  office  of  the  Hon. 
J.  Fraser,  Q.C.,  J.S.C.,  at  Fredericton,  New 
Brunswick,  as  a  student,  and  continuing 
there  until  October,  1876,  when  he  was  ad- 


mitted to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  Brunswick.  In  1877  Mr.  Harris  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Suffolk  bar  in  Mass- 
achusetts, and  practised  his  profession  in 
Boston  until  1885,  when  he  returned  to 
Moncton,  was  re-sworn  in  a  barrister,  and 
is  now  in  active  practice  in  that  town.  On 
the  29th  of  April,  1879,  Mr.  Harris  was 
married  at  Warren,  Rhode  Island,  U.  S.,  to 
Isabel  F.  E.  Brown,  daughter  of  the  late 
Hon.  Charles  Frederick  Brown,  of  Rhode 
Island. 

Hunt,  Henry  George,  St.  Cathar- 
ines, Ontario,  was  born  on  the  16th  of  June, 
1846,  at  Sheerness,  Kent,  England.  He  is 
the  eldest  son  of  Harvey  Hunt,  of  Poole, 
Dorsetshire,  England,  and  Sarah  Tucker, 
of  Home,  in  the  same  county,  daughter  of. 
W.  Tucker,  the  Swedish  and  Danish  con- 
sul at  Poole.  Henry  George  Hunt,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  spent  the  first  six 
years  of  his  life  in  Sheerness,  and  in  1852, 
his  father  having  received  an  appointment 
in  her  Majesty's  dockyards  at  Portsmouth, 
the  family  removed  to  that  place.  Here 
Henry  received  his  education  at  the  Gram- 
mar School  of  that  town,  and  at  the  age  of 
fourteen  years  he  went  before  the  Civil  Ser- 
vice commission  and  passed  a  most  credit- 
able examination,  being  first  out  of  one 
hundred  and  thirteen  for  a  scholarship  in 
the  Royal  College  of  Naval  Architecture  at 
Portsmouth.  At  the  end  of  a  three  years' 
course  in  this  institution  he  was  in  1863 
promoted  from  the  lower  to  the  upper  col- 
lege. Two  years  later  he  was  appointed  by 
the  Imperial  government  to  the  Peninsular 
and  Oriental  Company's  service  in  the  East 
Indies,  and  left  England  on  the  29th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1865,  in  H.M.S.  Octavia,  fifty-one- 
gun  frigate,  commanded  by  Rear-Admiral 
Sir  James  Hilyar,  K.C.B.,  for  India.  This 
ship  on  her  way  out  called  at  Madeira,  Sierra 
Leone,  Ascension,  St.  Helena,  and  remained 
some  weeks  at  each  of  these  ports,  arriving 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in  the  early  part 
of  1866,  and  remained  there  about  a  month, 
visiting  Port  Natal,  Simonstown,  and  other 
places.  He  afterwards  visited  Zanzibar, 
the  island  of  Madagascar,  etc.  In  1867 
he  sailed  for  Bombay,  and  entered  upon 
his  duties  with  the  Peninsular  and  Oriental 
Company.  During  the  years  1867-8-9  he 
visited  every  stores  depot  owned  by  this 
company  in  the  east,  among  them  being 
Suez,  Aden  in  the  Red  Sea;  Muscat  in  the 
Persian  Gulf;  Kurachee,  Bombay,  Goa, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


127 


Pondicherry,  Madras,  Calcutta,  Hong  Kong, 
Shanghai,  Canton  in  China ;  and  Yokahama 
in  Japan.     In  the  summer  of  1869  he  was 
taken  down  with  the  jungle  fever,  having 
caught  a  severe  cold  when  out  shooting  with 
some  brother  officers  in  Ceylon,  and  when  it 
was  discovered  to  be  a  very  serious  case,  he 
was  conveyed  to  the  Madras  Hospital,  where, 
after  a  hard  fight,  he  pulled  through.     He 
then  resigned  his  appointment  and  started 
for  home  by  the  long  sea-route  round  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  having  taken  passage 
in  H.M.S.  Lyra.     On  his  arrival  in  England 
he  was  appointed  landing  waiter  in  her  Ma- 
jesty's customs,  and  was  stationed  at  Ports- 
mouth.    He  remained  in  this  service  until 
the  fall  of  1871,  when  the  Hon.  Mr.  Glad- 
stone's "  free  breakfast-table  policy"  caused 
a  great  reduction  in  the  staff  of  customs 
officers   at  the   out-ports,   and  Mr.   Hunt, 
with  many  other  officers  around  the  coast 
of  Great  Britain,   received  a  few  hundred 
pounds  cash  as  compensation  for  the  loss 
of  their  commissions,  and  left  the  service. 
In  the  spring  of  1872  Mr.  Hunt  was  married 
to  Eleanor  Fanny,  eldest  daughter  of  Arthur 
Charles  Lansley,  of  Andover,  Hants;  and 
in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he  sailed  for 
America  to  visit  a  wealthy  uncle  who  lived 
in  Alabama.      Having  taken   his   passage 
via  Quebec,  on  his   westward  journey,  he 
was  induced  to  stay  over  at  St.  Thomas, 
Ontario,  and  take  a  position  in  the  Canada 
Southern  Railway  Company.     Not  having 
realized  his  expectations,  he  abandoned  this 
service,  and  for  the  next  two  or  three  years 
he  was  engaged  in  various  pursuits,  such 
as  bookkeeper  for  Eich  &  Mitchell,  whole- 
sale druggists,  St.  Thomas,  and  for  Messrs. 
Kain,  of  the  same  place.  In  1877  he  bought 
out  a  jobbing  business,  and  in  the  follow- 
ing year  sold  this  out  and  removed  to  St. 
Catharines,  to  take  charge  in  that  city  of 
the  extensive  piano-forte  business  of  A.  &  S. 
Nordheimer,  of  Toronto.     On  this  branch 
being   closed,  Mr.   Hunt  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  city  ticket  agent  for  the  Great 
Western  Railway  Company  in  St.  Cathar- 
ines; and  since  he  has  extended  his  business 
of  ticket-selling  so  that  he  now  represents 
every  railway  and  steamboat  line  in  Canada 
and  the  United  States,  and  the  extensive 
tourist  system  of  Thomas  Cook  &  Sons,  of 
New   York   and   London,    England.      Mr. 
Hunt  has  been  prominently  identified  with 
the   Masonic   order   for   many  years.      In 
1866,  while  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  on 


his  way  to  India,  he  was  initiated  in  Royal 
Alfred  lodge  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Scot- 
land, a  very  aristocratic  lodge,  Prince  Al- 
fred, after  whom  it  was  named,  with  many 
officers  of  the  military  and  civil  service, 
beiug  members.  While  in  St.  Thomas 
he  was  instrumental  in  forming  a  company 
that  built  one  of  the  finest  Masonic  halls  in 
Canada.  He  established  Elgin  lodge,  and 
was  its  first  worshipful  master;  was  also 
first  principal  of  De  Warrene  chapter  of 
Royal  Arch  Masons,  and  assisted  in  estab- 
lishing Nineveh  Council  of  Royal  and  Select 
Masters,  and  was  one  of  its  Illustrious  mas- 
ters. Since  his  residence  in  St.  Catharines 
he  has  taken  an  active  part  in  city  improve- 
ments, and  helped  in  getting  an  electric 
light  company  established,  and  is  now 
the  manager  and  secretary -treasurer  of  this 
company.  Mr.  Hunt  has  also  been  for  the 
past  five  years  manager  of  the  Grand  Opera 
House;  and  is  manager  of  Hendrie  &  Go's, 
cartage  agency  for  the  collection  and  de- 
livery of  freight  for  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way. He  represents  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Telegraph  Company,  the  Commercial  (Mac- 
kay-Bennett)  Cable  Company,  and  all  the 
transatlantic  steamboat  companies,  as  well 
as  the  Canadian  Pacific  Telegraph  Com- 
pany, and  Dominion  Express  Company. 
Mr.  Hunt  is  a  strong  supporter  of  the  Epis- 
copal church.  He  has  been  twice  married, 
his  first  wife  having  died  a  few  years  after 
his  arrival  in  Canada,  leaving  two  children. 
Six  years  afterwards  he  married  the  second 
daughter  of  the  late  Charles  Norton,  of  St. 
Catharines,  and  by  this  marriage  he  has 
had  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Cooke,  Thomas  Vincent,  Moncton, 
New  Brunswick,  General  Storekeeper  of 
the  Intercolonial  Railway  of  Canada,  was 
born  at  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  August  6th, 
1848.  He  is  a  son  of  Dr.  William  Edward 
Cooke  and  Euphemia  Turnbull.  Dr.  Cooke 
was  a  son  of  Thomas  Cooke,  of  Garryhill, 
county  of  Carlow,  Ireland,  and  Mary  Mal- 
low. Miss  Mallow  was  a  daughter  of  John 
Mallow,  mayor  of  Dublin,  in  the  stirring 
days  of  '98.  Mr.  Cooke,  sen.,  came  to  Hali- 
fax when  a  boy,  and  studied  medicine  under 
the  late  Dr.  Head  of  that  city,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Jefferson  College,  Philadelphia.  He 
married  Miss  Turnbull,  a  daughter  of 
William  Turnbull,  ex-M.P.  for  the  county 
of  Richmond,  Cape  Breton,  and  shortly 
afterwards  moved  to  Pictou  and  practised 
his  profession  in  that  town  until  his  death 


128 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


in  1879.  He  was  a  man  of  the  most  kindly 
a  id  genial  disposition,  and  was  widely 
known  and  universally  beloved  throughout 
the  county  of  Pictou.  His  son,  Thomas 
Vincent  Cooke,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  educated  at  Pictou  Academy  and  the 
Normal  School,  Truro,  and  studied  medicine 
for  a  time  under  the  late  Dr.  Samuel  Muir, 
of  Truro,  but  having  a  dislike  for  the  medi- 
cal profession,  entered  the  service  of  the 
Nova  Scotia  Railway  Company  as  clerk  in 
the  freight  department  at  Richmond,  Hali- 
fax, in  January,  1865.  On  the  opening  of 
the  line  to  Pictou  in  1867,  he  was  appoint- 
ed agent  at  Pictou  Landing.  Was  appoin- 
ed  agent  at  Truro  in  1870,  and  reappointed 
at  Pictou  Landing  in  1872.  On  the  reor- 
ganization of  the  service  in  1879,  he  was 
appointed  assistant  auditor  of  the  Interco- 
lonial Railway  Company,  and  removed  to 
Moncton,  where  he  was  appointed  general 
storekeeper  in  October,  1880.  Mr.  Cooke 
has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  Masonic 
matters.  He  joined  the  order  in  Truro  in 
1871,  and  is  a  past  master  of  Cobuquid 
lodge,  No.  37,  Truro,  and  past  high  priest 
of  Keith  Chapter,  Truro,  and  of  St.  John's 
Chapter,  Pictou,  Royal  Arch  Masons. 
Holds  past  rank  as  past  grand  king  of  the 
Grand  Chapter  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  is  re- 
presentative of  the  Grand  Chapter  of  Ne- 
vada in  that  body.  Is  eminent  preceptor 
of  Malta  Preceptory  of  Knights  Templar, 
Truro,  under  the  Great  Priory  of  Canada. 
He  was  married  in  1867  to  Annie  Curry, 
daughter  of  Captain  John  Curry,  of  Pictou, 
N.S.,  and  has  one  son  and  three  daughters. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of  England. 
Kottot,  Jean  Philippe,  M.D.,  Mont- 
real, was  born  at  L'Assomption,  county  of 
L'Assomption,  July  3rd,  1825.  His  grand- 
father, Pierre  Rottot,  who  had  been  gazet- 
ted captain  of  the  Canadian  Voltigeurs  in 
1812,  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  St.  Regis, 
on  the  20th  October  of  the  same  year.  After 
his  death,  his  son,  Pierre  Rottot,  the  doc- 
tor's father,  was  appointed  lieutenant  to  the 
"  Chasseurs  Canadiens,"  commanded  by 
Lieutenant-Colonel  de  Courci,  and  was  pre- 
sent at  the  different  engagements  which 
took  place  between  the  English  and  Ameri- 
can troops  during  the  war  of  1812,  among 
others  at  the  expedition  to  the  Salmon  river, 
and  at  the  battles  of  Plattsburg  and  Chrys- 
ler's Farm.  Dr.  Rottot  received  his  educa- 
tion at  the  College  of  Montreal.  He  studied 
medicine  at  the  School  of  Medicine  and 


Surgery  of  Montreal,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  on  the  16th  November,  1847.  After 
practising  a  few  years  in  the  country,  he 
took  up  his  residence  in  Montreal.  In  1856 
he  was  elected,  without  opposition,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  City  council  of  Montreal.  At  the 
expiration  of  his  term  of  office  he  declined 
re-nomination,  in  order  to  devote  himself 
wholly  to  his  profession.  About  1860  he 
was  appointed  physician  to  the  Hotel-Dieu, 
and  professor  of  the  School  of  Medicine 
and  Surgery  of  Montreal,  where  he  occu- 
pied successively  the  chairs  of  botany,  toxi- 
cology, medical  jurisprudence,  and  internal 
pathology.  In  1872  he  became  editor-in- 
chief  of  L' Union  Medicate  du  Canada, 
which  was  just  being  founded.  He  was 
president  of  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society 
of  Montreal  in  1877  and  1878.  About 
the  same  time  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  the  province  of  Quebec.  In  1878  he 
resigned  his  chair  at  the  School  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery,  and  was  appointed  pro- 
fessor of  internal  pathology  and  dean  of  the 
faculty  of  medicine  of  Laval  University  at 
Montreal.  Dr.  Rottot  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Notre  Dame  Hospital.  During  his 
medical  career  he  has  been  the  physician  of 
the  greater  number  of  the  charitable  institu- 
tions of  Montreal,  and  is  at  present  physi- 
cian to  the  reverend  gentlemen  of  the  Semi- 
nary of  Saint  Sulpice,  and  the  reverend 
ladies  of  the  General  Hospital.  Dr.  Rottot 
was  twice  married;  the  first  time  to  S. 
O'Leary,  daughter  of  Dr.  O'Leary,  and  the 
second  time  to  the  widow  of  N.  Migneault, 
in  his  lifetime  registrar  of  Chambly  county, 
Mrs.  Migneault  is  a  sister  of  P.  B.  Benoit, 
ex-member  of  the  House  of  Commons.  By 
his  first  wife  he  had  three  children,  the  eld- 
est of  whom  belongs  to  the  order  of  the 
Reverend  Jesuit  Fathers,  and  is  professor  of 
philosophy  in  St.  Mary's  College,  Montreal. 
Wanles§,  John,  M.D.,  Montreal. — 
This  famed  homoeopathic  physician  is  a 
Scotchman  by  birth,  having  been  born  at 
Perth  road,  Dundee,  near  St.  Peter's  parish 
church,  where  the  celebrated  Rev.  R.  M. 
McCheyne  was  pastor,  on  May,  26th,  1813. 
He  is  the  second  son  of  the  late  James 
Wanless,  a  man  who  was  in  his  day  very 
much  respected  by  his  fellow  townspeople, 
and  who  for  many  years  carried  on  busi- 
ness as  a  manufacturer  of  green  cloth  in 
Dundee.  His  mother,  Agnes  Sim,  is  still 
alive  (August,  1887)  at  the  age  of  ninety- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


129 


six  years,  in  full  possession  of  her  mental 
faculties,  and  can  see  to  read  without  spec- 
tacles. Dr.  Wanless  much  resembles  this 
wonderful  woman  in  many  respects.  Dr. 
Wanless' s  father  intended  that  his  two  sons 
should  succeed  him  in  his  own  business, 
but  after  his  death,  which  took  place  when 
the  doctor  was  only  ten  years  old,  the  exe- 
cutors of  the  estate,  when  he  had  reached 
his  thirteenth  year,  apprenticed  him  to  Dr. 
James  Johnston,  one  of  themselves,  a  lead- 
ing physician  in  Dundee.  This  gentle- 
man having  died  shortly  afterwards,  James 
Hay,  merchant  and  ship-owner,  another 
of  the  executors,  and  one  of  the  govern- 
ors of  the  Dundee  Royal  Infirmary,  dis- 
covering the  boy's  aptitude  for  medical 
study,  was  induced  to  secure  for  him  the 
position  of  dresser  and  clinical  clerk  in 
the  above  hospital,  which  for  three  years 
he  filled  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the 
governors  and  medical  men  of  the  institu- 
tion. While  he  was  here  he  was  a  great 
favourite  with  the  celebrated  lithotomist, 
Dr.  John  Creighton,  of  Dundee,  and  this 
gentleman  often  asked  young  Wanless  to 
assist  him  in  his  private  operations,  as  well 
as  in  the  hospital,  and  on  the  eve  of  his 
leaving  to  prosecute  his  studies  in  Edin- 
burgh, he  bore  high  testimony  to  his  abil- 
ity and  diligence  as  a  student,  and  as  to 
his  practical  knowledge  of  his  profession.  It 
may  be  as  well  to  mention  here  that  young 
Wanless,  like  all  other  boys  on  the  Scotch 
sea-board,  was  very  fond  of  paddling  in  the 
water,  and  on  several  occasions  narrowly  es- 
caped drowning.  When  about  ten  years  of 
age  he  and  some  other  boys  were  amusing 
themselves  on  some  logs  that  had  got  adrift 
from  the  ship  Norton,  of  Dundee,  just  arriv- 
ed from  America,  and  had  floated  up  the  river 
into  a  small  bay,  which  at  its  mouth  had  a 
a  sort  of  pier  with  arches  on  it.  While 
astrile  a  piece  of  this  timber  it  capsized, 
and  our  young  hero  was  soon  at  the  bottom 
of  the  river.  On  coming  to  the  surface,  he 
found  himself  immediatety  below  a  raft, 
and  considering  that  his  time  had  not  yet 
come  to  be  drowned,  he  struck  out  boldly 
from  under,  and  gasping  for  breath,  he  was 
hauled  on  the  raft  by  his  terrified  comrades. 
On  getting  ashore  he  dried  his  clothes  and 
made  for  home;  but  his  father  nevertheless 
discovered  that  he  had  had  a  ducking,  and 
gave  him  a  sound  thrashing  and  confined 
him  in  doors  for  some  time  for  his  boyish 
escapade.  The  doctor  now  thinks  that  if 
H 


his  father — who  was  a  very  loving  man — 
had  not  been  imbued  with  the  idea  that 
"  he  that  spareth  the  rod  hateth  the  child," 
he  would  have  done  better  had  he  given 
him  some  dry  clothes,  or  sent  him  for  a 
time  to  a  warm  bed.  In  1831  John  Wan- 
less  left  Dundee  and  went  to  Edinburgh, 
as  a  student  in  the  Royal  College  of  Sur- 
geons, under  the  then  celebrated  profes- 
sors Mclntosh,  Liston,  Lizars,  Ferguson, 
and  others,  fellows  of  the  college,  all  of 
whom  are  now  gone  to  their  final  rest. 
During  the  college  session  of  1831,  his 
friend,  Mr.  Hay,  offered  him  the  position 
of  surgeon  on  board  the  whaling  ship 
Thomas,  which  office  he  cheerfully  accepted, 
although  he  was  then  only  seventeen  years 
of  age.  This  good  ship  sailed  from  Dun- 
dee in  March,  1832,  and  returned  with  a 
full  cargo  in  time  to  permit  the  young  sur- 
geon to  attend  the  opening  of  the  college 
session  of  1832-3.  Subsequently  during 
college  vacation  he  went  three  times  to 
Davis  Straits  in  the  same  ship,  and  thereby 
greatly  invigorated  his  previously  rather 
slender  physical  frame.  While  on  one  of 
his  whaling  voyages  he  one  day  was  out  in 
a  boat  shooting  loons,  which  are  very  nu- 
merous in  Davis  Straits,  and  a  good  many 
can  be  killed  by  one  discharge  from  a  gun. 
In  the  act  of  gathering  the  killed  he  espied 
a  wounded  bird  at  a  short  distance,  and  in 
his  endeavour  to  reach  it  he  leaned  too  far 
over  the  gunwale,  lost  his  balance,  and 
went  head  first  into  the  Arctic  sea.  His 
shipmates  were  alarmed,  and  waited  in 
dread  suspense  for  some  time,  but  at  length 
he  came  up,  holding  on  to  the  loon  by  one 
of  its  legs.  The  mate  afterwards  remarked 
"  that  the  doctor  should  always  be  taken 
with  the  shooting  parties,  for  he  could  dive 
for  the  wounded  fellows."  It  may  be  here 
mentioned  that  the  doctor  was  a  good 
swimmer,  and  as  a  youth  practised  swim- 
ming in  the  Tay  at  Dundee,  and  was  in 
the  habit,  sometimes,  of  carrying  younger 
boys  on  his  back  out  into  the  stream,  and 
then  throwing  them  off;  but  before  doing 
this,  however,  he  always  gave  them  instruc- 
tions how  to  swim  on  their  "  own  hook." 
He  has  been  known  to  swim  for  three  miles 
on  a  stretch,  resting  occasionally  on  his 
back.  At  Pond's  Bay  he  one  time  fell  out 
of  a  boat,  while  steering  with  a  long  oar, 
amongst  a  lot  of  whales.  There  were  about 
fifty  ships'  boats  and  their  crews  in  a  crack 
in  the  land  ice,  which  extended  about 


130 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


twenty  miles  from  the  shore,  and  in  some 
places  the  rent  was  about  one  hundred 
yards  wide.  In  this  opening  the  whales 
were  so  numerous  that  the  harpooners  only 
selected  the  largest  fish  for  capture.  Dur- 
ing the  excitement,  and  when  passing  an- 
other boat,  the  blade  of  one  of  their  side 
oars  unshipped  the  doctor's  steering  oar 
while  he  was  pushing  it  from  him,  and, 
losing  his  balance,  he  fell  into  the  water. 
He  however  did  not  feel  the  least  alarmed, 
but  at  once  struck  out  for  the  ice,  and,  dry- 
ing his  clothes  as  well  as  he  could,  walked 
to  his  ship,  which  was  anchored  about  two 
miles  away,  hi  the  field  ice,  and  soon  found 
himself  on  deck,  not  much  the  worse  for 
his  ducking.  In  the  spring  of  1835,  hav- 
ing passed  his  examination  before  the  Fa- 
culty of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Glas- 
gow, he  returned  to  Dundee  and  married 
Margaret  McDonald,  the  only  daughter  of 
Duncan  McDonald,  a  well-known  manufac- 
turer of  that  town,  and  Margaret  Hose, 
his  wife.  To  Miss  McDonald  he  had  been 
betrothed  for  several  years.  He  then  be- 
came house  surgeon  in  the  Dundee  Royal 
Infirmary,  and  having  filled  this  position 
for  about  two  years,  gave  it  up,  and  en- 
tered into  private  practice,  his  office  being 
in  the  same  house  in  which  he  was  born 
and  married.  In  1843  Dr.  Wanless,  ac- 
companied by  his  wife,  mother,  brother, 
and  sisters,  with  their  husbands,  emigrated 
to  Canada,  and  ultimately  settled  in  Lon- 
don, Ontario.  While  in  this  city  the  doctor 
built  up  a  good  practice,  and  as  coroner  for 
the  city  of  London  and  county  of  Middle- 
sex he  was  highly  spoken  of  by  the  press 
for  the  luminous  and  logical  way  in  which 
he  presented  evidence  to  his  jurors.  In 
1849  he  received  his  license  from  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Lower 
Canada.  One  day,  in  1859,  as  he  was 
walking  along  a  street  in  London  to  visit  a 
patient,  he  observed  Dr.  Bull,  a  homoeopa- 
thist,  give  some  pellets  to  a  man  who  had 
fallen  out  of  a  two-story  window.  Hav- 
ing a  prejudice  against  homosopathy,  he 
accosted  Dr.  Bull  in  these  words,  "  Don't 
you  think  shame  of  yourself  in  giving  that 
useless  trash  to  a  man  in  that  condition?" 
Dr.  Bull  rose  up,  in  a  defensive  attitude,  and 
said,  "I have  always  taken  you  for  a  sensi- 
ble man,  and  instead  of  acting  as  you  have 
done  in  your  persecutions  of  us,  why  don't 
you  try  to  test  our  remedies  according  to 
the  law  of  cure?  I  will  give  you  some  of 


our  books  to  read,  and  also  some  of  our 
medicines  for  that  purpose."  Dr.  Wanless 
accepted  the  offer,  and  took  the  books  and 
medicines,  thinking  that  he  would  be  able 
to  expose  what  he  then  thought  was  a 
humbug.  After  studying  the  principle  of 
homoeopathy  for  some  time  he  gave  the 
medicines  to  some  of  his  patients,  strictly 
according  to  the  principles  of  homosopathy, 
beginning  with  some  cases  which  had  re- 
sisted the  allopathic  treatment  under  his 
own  care,  and  that  of  some  of  the  ablest 
men  in  the  country,  keeping  a  strict  account 
of  the  symptoms  and  disease,  and  the  symp- 
toms and  pathogenesy  of  what  the  medicine 
would  produce  on  the  healthy  body,  and 
after  carefully  testing  this  method  of  prac- 
tice for  nearly  two  years,  he  found  that,  in- 
stead of  persecuting  the  homceopathists,  he 
would  have  to  become  a  homoeopathist  him- 
self. After  thorough  conviction  of  its  bene- 
fits to  his  patients,  like  Paul  with  the 
Christians,  and  in  order  to  carry  out  the 
practice  of  homoeopathy  with  more  effi- 
ciency, he  ceased  from  practice  in  London, 
and  devoted  himself  to  renewed  study  at 
the  age  of  fifty  years,  and  obtained  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  from  the 
University  of  Toronto  in  1861,  and  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  in  Medicine  from  the  same 
University  in  the  following  year,  1862. 
He  then,  in  order  to  have  a  wider  field  to 
labour  in,  went  to  Montreal  (but  before 
leaving  having  been  complimented  by  the 
press  of  London  upon  his  previous  profes- 
sional attainments),  where  he  now  resides, 
enjoying  a  good  practice.  In  politics,  as 
in  medicine,  Dr.  Wanless  has  sought  to 
conserve  the  good,  and  set  aside  the  effete 
and  worthless.  Both  in  London  and  Mon- 
treal, by  his  spirited  and  able  contributions 
to  the  press,  he  has  done  much  to  popular- 
ize homoeopathy,  and  establish  its  prime 
tenets.  He  was  instrumental  in  procuring 
an  act  of  the  Provincial  parliament  of  Que- 
bec, in  favour  of  homoeopathic  education, 
and  with  power  to  grant  licenses  to  those 
who  had  studied  according  to  the  curricu- 
lum specified  by  the  act,  and  who  had  pass- 
ed a  satisfactory  examination  before  the 
appointed  board  of  examiners,  as  he  always 
upheld  that  homoeopaths,  as  well  as  allo- 
paths, should  be  able  to  show  that  they 
possessed  a  thorough  medical  education  and 
training.  Dr.  Wanless  is  nominal  dean  of 
the  Faculty  of  the  College  of  Homoeopathic 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Montreal,  and 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


131 


professor  of  the  practice  of  physic  and  one 
of  the  examiners  of  the  college.  He  at- 
tained the  license  of  the  Faculty  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  of  Glasgow  in  1835; 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
Lower  Canada  in  1849 ;  M.B.  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto,  1861 ;  M.D.  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  in  1862,  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Colleges  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  Ontario  and  Quebec.  He  has  a  son,  Dr. 
John  R  Wanless,  who  now  practises  in  Dun- 
edin,  New  Zealand.  This  gentleman  is  a  gra- 
duate M.D.,C.M.  of  McGill  University,  Mon- 
treal, and,  like  his  father,  has  adopted  the 
homoeopathic  principle  from  conviction.  In 
religion,  as  in  politics  and  medicine,  the  doc- 
tor is  thoroughly  liberal,  and  belongs  to  the 
Congregational  body  of  worshippers.  He 
is  broad  in  his  views,  giving  liberty  of 
opinion  to  all,  and  exhibits  no  desire  to 
scold  and  burn  those  who  differ  from  him, 
except  to  show  them  their  error  by  fair 
reasoning. 

Bo§wcll,  George  Hors§  Jukes, 
Q.C.,  Judge  of  the  County  Court  of  the 
United  Counties  of  Northumberland  and 
Durham,  Cobourg,  Ontario,  was  born  at  Gos- 
port,  England,  in  June,  1804.  His  father, 
John  Boswell,  of  London,  England,  solicitor, 
was  the  youngest  son  of  James  Boswell,  an 
officer  in  the  Royal  Navy,  whose  four  elder 
brothers  were  also  officers  in  the  same  ser- 
vice, and  a  descendant  of  the  Boswells  of 
Balmuto,  Scotland,  the  elder  branch  of  the 
family  of  the  celebrated  biographer.  Judge 
Boswell,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Grammar  School,  Buntingford, 
Herts,  England,  came  to  Canada  in  1822, 
and  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  Co- 
bourg. He  was  called  to  the  bar  in  Michael- 
mas term,  1827,  and  is  the  premier  Queen's 
counsel  in  Canada,  being  the  first  created 
by  commission  in  August,  1841.  He  was 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  the  Upper 
Canada  Assembly  in  1836,  but  was  returned 
at  the  first  election  after  the  union  of  Upper 
and  Lower  Canada,  and  sat  from  1841  to 
1844,  in  the  then  Parliament  of  Canada. 
While  in  parliament  he  took  a  prominent 
part  in  constitutional  debate,  was  a  staunch 
advocate  of  responsible  government,  and  al- 
though a  Conservative  in  principle,  worked 
with  the  Reform  party  until  constitutional 
government  was  conceded.  During  the 
discussion  on  this  question,  he  forced  Mr. 
Draper,  then  attorney-general,  to  admit  the 
principle,  "  That  if  the  government  cannot 


command  the  majority  of  the  house,  so  that 
its  measures  may  be  carried  on  harmoni- 
ously, if  they  do  not  find  by  the  whole  pro- 
ceedings of  the  house  that  they  have  the 
confidence  of  a  majority  of  its  members, 
then  that  a  dissolution  of  the  house  shall 
follow,  or  that  the  government  resign." 
This  then  settled  this  important  question  of 
responsible  government,  though  dragged 
out  of  Attorney-General  Draper  against 
his  will  (see  Cobourg  Star,  June  llth,  1841 ). 
Before  accepting  a  ju;lgeship,  Mr.  Boswell 
was  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  in  Canada, 
and  as  such  was  specially  retained  to  de- 
fend Hunter,  Morrison,  Montgomery,  and 
others,  who  were  tried  for  high  treason  in 
connection  with  the  rebellion  in  1837.  The 
two  former  were  acquitted.  In  1845,  he  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  County  Court  of  the 
United  Counties  of  Northumberland  and 
Durham,  and  accepted  superannuation  in 
1882.  In  1837,  he  served  under  Colonel 
Ham  as  brigade  major  with  the  volunteers 
in  suppressing  the  rebellion,  and  was  on  the 
frontier  at  Chippawa,  at  the  time  the  rebels 
under  McKenzie  took  possession  of  Navy 
Island.  Judge  Boswell  was  married  first 
in  1829,  to  Susannah,  daughter  of  James 
Radcliffe,  by  whom  he  had  a  numerous 
family ;  and  last  to  Mary,  daughter  of  the 
late  Rev.  Thomas  Wrench,  rector  of  St. 
Michael's  Church,  Cornhill,  London. 

Ogilvie,  Hon.  Alexander  Walker, 
Montreal,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  member  of  the 
Senate  of  Canada  for  Alma  division,  was 
born  at  St.  Michael,  near  the  city  of  Mont- 
real, on  the  7th  of  May,  1829.  The  Ogilvie 
family  is  descended  from  a  younger  brother 
of  Gilchrist,  Earl  of  Angus,  a  valiant  sol- 
dier who  in  the  thirteenth  century  was  re- 
warded with  the  land  of  Ogilvie,  in  Banff- 
shire,  Scotland,  and  assumed  the  name  of 
the  estate.  The  family  is  celebrated  in  his- 
tory for  having  long  preserved  the  Crown 
and  sceptre  of  Scotland  from  the  hands  of 
Oliver  Cromwell.  The  parents  of  Senator 
Ogilvie  came  from  Stirlingshire,  Scotland,  to 
Canada  in  1800,  and  Mr.  Ogilvie,  sr.,  served 
his  adopted  country  as  a  volunteer  cavalry 
officer  during  the  war  of  1812-14  against 
the  Americans;  and  took  up  arms  against 
the  so-called  patriots  during  the  Canadian 
rebellion  of  1837-8.  To  this  couple  were 
born  a  large  family  of  sons  and  daughters, 
and  all  have  made  their  mark  in  the  country, 
In  1854  Alexander  and  his  brothers,  John 
and  William,  founded  the  firm  of  A.  W. 


132 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Ogilvie  &  Co.,  as  millers  and  dealers  in 
grain,  and  built  extensive  mills  on  the  banks 
of  the  canal  at  Montreal,  now  known  as  the 
Glenora  mills.  Since  that  time  the  business 
has  grown  to  such  dimensions  that  the 
firm's  mills  and  business  operations  are 
carried  on  at  Montreal,  Goderich,  Seaforth, 
Winnipeg  and  other  parts  of  the  North- 
West,  and  they  are  now  the  most  extensive 
millers  in  the  Dominion.  In  1874  Alexander 
retired  from  the  business.  In  1867  he  first 
entered  political  life,  and  at  the  general  elec- 
tion of  that  year  he  was  chosen  by  acclama- 
tion to  represent  Montreal  West  in  the  Que- 
bec legislature,  when  on  the  dissolution  of 
the  house  in  1871  he  declined  re-nomination. 
He,  however,  was  induced  again  to  enter 
the  political  field  in  1875,  and  was  elected 
for  his  old  seat.  This  he  occupied  until  the 
legislature  was  dissolved  in  1878,  when  he 
retired  from  local  politics.  On  December 
24,  1881,  he  was  called  to  the  Senate  to 
represent  the  Alma  division  in  that  body. 
Senator  Ogilvie  has  been  an  alderman  for 
the.  city  of  Montreal,  president  of  the  Work- 
ingmen's,  Widows  and  Orphans'  Benefit 
Society,  and  of  the  St.  Andrew's  Society, 
and  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Montreal 
Cavalry  (now  on  the  retired  list).  He  is 
president  of  the  St.  Michael  Road  Com- 
pany, chairman  of  the  Montreal  Turnpike 
Trust,  and  of  the  Montreal  Board  of  Direct- 
ors of  the  London  (England)  Guarantee 
Company,  a  director  of  the  Sun  Life  In- 
surance Company,  the  Edwardsburg  Starch 
Company,  the  Montreal  Loan  and  Mort- 
gage Company,  and  the  Montreal  Invest- 
ment Company.  He  is  also  a  justice  of  the 
peace.  Senator  Ogilvie  is  a  Conservative 
in  politics,  and  in  religion  is  a  Presbyterian. 
He  is  married  to  a  daughter  of  the  late 
William  Leney,  of  Montreal,  and  has  a 
family  of  four  children,  one  son  and  three 
daughters. 

Campbell,  Rev.  Robert,  M.A.,D.D., 
Pastor  of  St.  Gabriel  Presbyterian  Church, 
Montreal,  was  born  on  a  farm  near  the 
town  of  Perth,  Lanark  county,  Ontario,  on 
the  21st  June,  1835.  Peter  Campbell, 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
born  at  Kein-a-Chullaig,  Loch  Tayside, 
Breadalbane,  Perthshire,  Scotland,  and  be- 
longed to  the  Lochnell  branch  of  the 
Campbell  clan.  One  of  his  ancestors  having 
taken  part  in  the  Jacobite  rising  in  1715, 
and  thus  having  incurred  the  displeasure  of 
Argyll,  who  was  at  the  head  of  the  Hano- 


verian forces,  did  not  return  to  his  native 
district,  but  placed  himself  under  the  pro- 
tection of  his  other  great  kinsman,  Bread- 
albane, who  was  neutral  in  that  contest,  and 
who  assigned  him  the  property  called  Kein- 
a-Chullaig.  Peter  Campbell  was  a  man  of 
high  character  and  intelligence.  He  had 
for  a  time  been  a  teacher  in  Scotland,  and 
this  gave  him  much  influence  with  his 
Highland  countrymen  who  accompanied 
him  to  Canada  in  1817,  and  settled  in  the 
Bathurst  district.  He  brought  some  money 
with  him  to  Canada,  and  owned  the  first 
yoke  of  oxen  in  the  settlement  ;  although 
during  the  first  season  he  had  to  carry  a 
bag  of  flour  on  his  back  through  the  woods 
from  Brockville,  a  distance  of  about  fifty 
miles,  having  no  road  to  follow  but  guided 
only  by  the  blazes  on  the  trees.  He  was 
chosen  an  elder  of  the  first  Presbyterian 
church,  which  was  under  the  ministry  of 
Eev.  William  Bell,  shortly  after  his  arrival 
in  the  country.  But  as  he  was  born  and 
bred  in  the  Church  of  Scotland,  he  united 
with  that  branch  of  the  Presbyterian  com- 
munion as  soon  as  it  was  established  in 
Perth  under  the  ministry  of  the  late  Rev. 
T.  C.  Wilson,  of  Dunkeld,  Scotland,  and 
was  installed  an  elder  in  it  too,  which  office 
he  retained  till  his  death  in  1848.  Marga- 
ret Campbell,  Rev.  Dr.  Campbell's  mother, 
was  of  the  Gleno  and  Inverliver  branch  of 
the  clan  Campbell.  She  was  born  in  Glen- 
lyon,  Scotland,  her  mother  being  a  Mac- 
Diarmid,  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  Scot- 
land. Mrs.  Campbell  ably  seconded  her 
husband  in  all  his  aims  and  efforts  ;  and 
one  of  the  results  of  their  joint  influence 
and  instruction  was  that  three  of  their  sons 
became  ministers  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Canada  in  connection  with  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  and  a  fourth  studied 
for  the  ministry  of  the  Baptist  church,  but 
his  health  broke  down  before  he  was  able 
to  complete  his  course  of  preparation. 
Robert  was  the  seventh  son,  and  eleventh 
child  of  the  family,  his  youngest  brother 
being  Rev.  Alexander  Campbell,  B.A.,  of 
Prince  Albert,  North-West  Territory.  He 
was  educated  at  the  common  school,  near 
his  birth  place  ;  but  as  it  happened  that 
the  school  was  taught  by  a  succession  of 
able  masters,  one  of  them  being  an  admir- 
able scholar  in  both  classics  and  mathe- 
matics, he  enjoyed  considerable  advantages, 
and  he,  with  his  youngest  brother,  made 
very  rapid  progress  in  study.  He  himself 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


133 


"became  a  common  school  teacher  at  the  age 
of  sixteen  ;  and  the  desire  he  had  to  perfect 
himself  in  the  subjects  which  he  had  to 
teach  was  the  best  master  he  was  ever  un- 
der, and  he  learned  more  always  while 
teaching  than  while  avowedly  only  a  stu- 
dent under  the  direction  of  others.  In  1853 
he  entered  as  a  student  at  Queen's  Univer- 
sity, taking  the  only  open  scholarship  for 
the  year.  This  scholarship  he  retained  by 
competition  every  year  all  through  his 
course.  In  1855  he  obtained  the  first  medal 
ever  offered  in  Queen's  College  for  a  special 
examination  in  English  history  and  ancient 
geography.  In  1856  he  graduated  B.A., 
and  in  1858  M.A.,  in  the  same  university. 
He  taught  the  public  school  near  Appleton 
in  1852,  and  the  next  year  the  school  at 
Leckie's  Corners,  near  Almonte.  In  1856 
he  was  appointed  headmaster  of  the  Queen's 
College  Preparatory  School,  where  he  had 
under  his  care,  at  a  time  when  High  schools 
were  few  and  inefficient  throughout  the 
country,  students  from  all  parts  of  Canada, 
and  even  from  Nova  Scotia  and  Prince 
Edward  Island,  who  had  it  in  view  to  ma- 
triculate in  Queen's  University.  A  great 
many  of  the  youth  of  Kingston  also  took 
advantage  of  the  educational  facilities  af- 
forded by  the  school.  This  position  he  held 
till  1st  October,  1860,  when  he  quitted  it 
with  a  view  to  entering  the  ministry  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Canada  in  con- 
nection with  the  Church  of  Scotland.  In 
the  autumn  of  1860,  after  having  received 
license  as  a  preacher  in  Canada,  he  went 
abroad  with  a  view  to  seeing  a  little  of 
the  world,  and  becoming  familiar  with 
men  and  things  in  the  older  civilized  com- 
munities, and  he  remained  thirteen  months 
in  Great  Britain  and  the  Continent,  taking 
advantage  of  access  to  the  museums,  art 
galleries,  and  learned  societies  of  Edinburgh 
particularly,  where  he  spent  most  of  the 
winter,  as  well  as  giving  occasional  attend- 
ance at  lectures  in  the  university.  He  re- 
turned to  Canada  late  in  the  autumn  of 
1861,  and  accepted  a  call  in  April,  1862, 
to  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Gait,  Ontario, 
having  declined  overtures  from  Melbourne, 
Beckwith,  and  one  or  two  other  charges. 
He  remained  in  Gait  till  1st  December, 
1866,  when  called  to  his  present  sphere  of 
labour  as  minister  of  the  oldest  Presbyter- 
ian church  in  the  inland  provinces.  The 
centennial  celebration  of  the  founding  of 
the  congregation  that  built  this  church  was 


held  on  the  9th  of  March,  1886,  and  was 
an  occasion  of  great  interest  to  the  entire 
community.  The  University  of  Queen's 
College  conferred  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  upon  him  at  the  convocation  in 
April,  1887.  Rev.  Dr.  Campbell  is  chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  Management  of  the 
Widows'  and  Orphans'  Fund  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  Canada  in  connection 
with  the  Church  of  Scotland  ;  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Temporal- 
ities Board  of  the  same  church  ;  a  trustee 
of  Queen's  University,  and  a  member  of  the 
Senate  of  the  Presbyterian  College,  Mon- 
treal. Ho  held  the  office  of  lecturer  in 
Ecclesiastical  History  for  two  sessions  in 
Queen's  University,  Kingston,  and  was  a 
vice-president  of  the  Natural  History  So- 
ciety of  Montreal.  He  has  maintained 
steadfastly  his  early  religious  convictions. 
But  while  orthodox  himself,  he  has  always 
exercised  toleration  towards  those  that  could 
not  see  exactly  as  he  did.  Rev.  Dr.  Camp- 
bell won  the  prize  for  the  best  essay  on  Pres- 
byterian Union  offered  by  a  committee  of 
gentlemen  in  Quebec  and  Montreal  in  the 
year  1866,  which  was  afterwards  published, 
and  greatly  helped  to  leaven  public  opinion 
on  that  question.  He  is  now  engaged  on  a 
history  of  the  St.  Gabriel  St.  Church,  Mont- 
real, which  will  shortly  be  published,  and 
cannot  fail  to  prove  of  great  interest  to  every 
Presbyterian  in  Canada.  Rev.  Dr.  Camp- 
bell was  married  on  the  29th  of  December, 
1863,  to  Margaret,  eldest  child  and  only 
daughter  of  Rev.  George  Macdonnell,  min- 
ister of  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Fergus,  a 
faithful,  useful,  and  highly  respected  min- 
ister of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Canada 
in  connection  with  the  Church  of  Scotland. 
Rev.  D.  ,7.  Macdonnell,  B.D.,  of  Toronto, 
and  G.  M.  Macdonnell,  Q.C.,  of  Kingston, 
are  her  brothers.  Her  mother  was  Eliza- 
beth Milnes,  of  the  same  stock  as  Moncton 
Milnes,  Lord  Houghton. 

Inches,  Peter  Robertson,  M.  D., 
M.R.C.S.,  England,  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  on  the  19th  of  February, 
1835,  at  St.  John,  New  Brunswick.  He  is 
a  son  of  James  Inches,  of  Dunkeld,  and 
Janet  Small,  of  Dirnanean,  Perthshire,  Scot- 
land, who  emigrated  to  America  in  1832, 
and  settled  in  St.  John.  Dr.  Inches  re- 
ceived his  early  education  in  the  Grammar 
School  of  his  native  city,  and  studied  medi- 
cine in  New  York  city,  at  the  University 
College,  and  from  this  institution  he  gradu- 


134 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ated  in  1866.  He  then  went  to  Great  Britain 
and  further  prosecuted  his  studies  at  the 
University  of  Edinburgh,  and  at  King's  Col- 
lege, London.  In  1868  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons 
of  England,  and  then  returned  to  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick,  and  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  and  here  he  has  ever 
since  resided.  Dr.  Inches  was  .brought  up 
in  the  faith  as  taught  by  the  Presbyterian 
church,  and  has  continued  his  connection 
with  that  body  of  Christians.  In  1876  he 
was  married  to  Mary  Dorothea,  daughter  of 
Dr.  C.  K.  Fiske,  from  Massachusetts,  who 
for  many  years  practised  his  profession  in 
St.  John.  The  doctor  has  had  five  children 
born  to  him,  four  of  whom  survive. 

Leach,  The  Vcn.  Archdeacon.— 
The  late  William  Turnbull  Leach,  D.C.L., 
LL.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Christ  Church  Cathe- 
dral, Montreal,  was  born  in  Berwick-on- 
Tweed,  Scotland,  on  the  1st  of  March,  1805, 
and  died  at  Montreal,  on  the  13th  of  October, 
1886.  He  was  of  English  descent,  his  grand- 
father having  removed  to  Berwick  from  the 
previous  home  of  the  family  in  Lincolnshire, 
England.  Archdeacon  Leach  was  educated 
in  Edinburgh,  and  took  the  degree  of  M.A.  in 
the  university  of  that  city  in  1827.  In  1831, 
he  was  ordained  a  minister  of  the  Presbyte- 
rian church,  but  shortly  afterwards  came  to 
Canada,  and  was  appointed  to  the  charge  of 
St.  Andrew's  Church,  Toronto,  and  was  also 
chaplain  to  the  93rd  Highlanders,  stationed 
in  that  city,  about  the  time  of  the  rebellion 
in  1837-8.  He  subsequently  entered  the 
Church  of  England,  to  which  he  was  ordain- 
ed by  Bishop  Mountain  in  1841,  and  was 
appointed  to  the  incumbency  of  St.  George's 
Church,  Montreal,  which  position  he  retained 
for  nearly  twenty  years.  He  took  the  warm- 
est interest  in  educational  matters,  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  Queen's  College,  King- 
ston, and  was  for  many  years  an  honoured 
member  of  the  Council  of  Public  Institution 
for  Lower  Canada,  afterwards  the  province 
of  Quebec.  He  was  one  of  the  little  band 
who  brought  McGill  University  to  its  pre- 
sent position.  His  connection  with  McGill 
dates  from  1845,  and  he  may  be  said  to  have 
been  the  last  survivor  of  the  original  staff. 
From  the  earliest  years  of  the  college,  he 
was  one  of  the  professors  of  the  Faculty  of 
Arts,  and  as  the  work  of  the  university  ex- 
tended, he  relinquished  his  ministerial  duties 
to  devote  himself  exclusively  to  college 
work.  During  his  active  connection  with  the 


college,  he  held  the  Molson  chair  of  English 
language  and  literature,  was  professor  of 
logic  and  of  mental  and  moral  philosophy, 
dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts,  and  vice-princi- 
pal of  the  University.  He  was  created  D.C.L. 
of  McGill  in  1849,  and  LL.D.  of  McGill  in 
1857,  and  in  1867,  the  University  of  Len- 
noxville  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
D.C.L.  The  Venerable  Archdeacon  Leach 
married  three  times.  Shortly  after  his  arrival 
in  Canada,  he  returned  for  a  short  visit  to 
Scotland,  where  he  married  Miss  Skirving, 
daughter  of  Mr.  Skirving,  of  Haddington, 
and  granddaughter  of  Adam  Skirving,  au- 
thor of  "  Johnnie  Cope,"  and  other  songs 
very  popular  at  the  time  in  Scotland.  Of 
this  marriage  there  were  four  children,  two 
of  whom  are  living,  vi$. :  David  S.  Leach, 
of  Montreal,  and  Mrs.  Howell,  of  London, 
England.  He  afterwards  married  Miss 
Easton,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Easton, 
a  lady  well  known  and  much  beloved,  who 
previous  to  her  marriage  had  conducted  one 
of  the  principal  establishments  hi  Canada 
for  the  education  of  young  ladies.  His 
widow  (daughter  of  the  late  Francis  Gwilt), 
with  her  young  unmarried  daughter,  reside 
in  Montreal. 

.St.  George,  Percival  Walter, 
Civil  Engineer,  Montreal,  was  born  at 
Torres,  Morayshire,  Scotland,  on  the  22nd 
October,  1849.  He  is  a  son  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  James  D.  N.  St.  George,  who  was 
a  lieutenant-colonel  in  her  Majesty's  Ord- 
nance Staff  Corps,  and  had  charge  for  many 
years  of  the  clothing  establishment  of  the 
British  army  in  London,  England.  Walter 
was  sent  to  France  by  his  parents  to  be 
educated,  and  spent  seven  years  of  his 
boyhood  days  in  that  country,  and  then 
finished  his  educational  course  in  Edinburgh 
University,where  he  took  honours  in  mathe- 
matics. He  came  to  Canada  in  1866,  and 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession.  From 
1866  to  1868,  two  years,  he  was  the  pupil 
of  Alexander  McNab,  chief  engineer  for  the 
province  of  Nova  Scotia;  from  1868  to  1872, 
four  years,  he  acted  as  assistant  engineer" 
on  construction  and  survey  of  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway  of  Canada;  in  1872-73  he 
was  engineer  on  survey  of  the  North  Shore 
Railway  of  Canada;  in  1873-74,  engineer 
maintainance  of  way  on  the  Intercolonial 
Railway,  in  charge  of  one  hundred  and  eight 
miles;  in  1874-75  engineer  on  survey  of 
the  Northern  Colonization  Railway,  from 
Ottawa  to  the  Mattawan;  in  1875-76  he  was 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


135 


assistant  engineer  of  Montreal;  and  from 
1876  to  1883,  eight  years,  deputy  city  sur- 
veyor of  the  same  city ;  from  July  to  De- 
cember, in  1883,  he  was  engineer  in  charge 
of  three  hundred  miles  of  line  on  the  Nor- 
folk and  Western  Railway  in  Virginia;  and 
in  December  of  1883  he  was  appointed  city 
surveyor  of  Montreal,  and  this  position  he 
has  occupied  ever  since.  He  was  also  one 
of  the  members  of  the  Royal  Flood  Com- 
mission of  Montreal,  appointed  in  1886. 
Mr.  St.  George  has  been  an  associate  mem- 
ber of  the  Institute  of  Civil  Engineers  of 
England  since  1877;  and  is  now  a  member 
of  the  Council  of  the  Canadian  Society  of 
Civil  Engineers.  He  is  a  master  Mason, 
and  a  member  of  the  Royal  Arch  Chapter. 
He  has  travelled  a  good  deal,  and  his  pro- 
fession has  made  him  familiar  with  the 
greater  part  of  Canada.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Church  of  England.  On  the 
llth  July,  1872,  he  was  married  to  Flora 
Stewart,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Canon  Geo. 
Townshend,  rector  of  Amherst,  Nova  Scotia, 
and  Elizabeth  Stewart,  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  Alexander  Stewart,  C.B.,  master  of 
the  Rolls,  and  judge  of  the  Vice -Admiralty 
Court,  and  has  issue  five  children. 

Palmer,  Caleb  Read,  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  Moncton,  was  born  at  Dorchester, 
Westmoreland  county,  New  Brunswick,  on 
the  13th  February,  1834.  His  father,  John 
Palmer,  grandson  of  Gideon  Palmer,  a  U.  E. 
loyalist,  who  came  to  New  Brunswick  from 
Staten  Island,  New  York,  is  a  veteran  of 
1812,  and  is  now  (1887)  in  his  ninety -ninth 
year,  and  regularly  draws  his  pension  for 
services  during  the  war.  His  mother,  Eliza- 
beth Cole,  was  a  daughter  of  Ebenezer 
Cole.  Caleb  received  his  education  at  the 
Wesleyan  Academy,  in  Sackville,  N.B.,  tak- 
ing a  course  in  the  higher  mathematics  and 
languages,  and  then  for  some  time  adopted 
teaching  as  his  profession. .  From  1859  to 
1870  he  taught  the  Superior  School  in  Sus- 
sex, Kings  county,  and  from  January,  1870, 
to  September,  1882,  he  acted  in  the  capacity 
of  station  master  at  Dorchester  for  the  In- 
tercolonial Railway  Company.  In  July, 
1883,  he  became  manager  of  the  Moncton 
Publishing  Company,  and  this  position  he 
occupied  until  February,  1885,  since  which 
time  he  has  confined  himself  to  the  duties  of 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  secretary  to  the 
Board  of  School  Trustees  of  the  town  of 
Moncton.  Mr.  Palmer  is  interested  in  ship- 
ping, and  is  also  a  stockholder  in  the  Monc- 


ton Cotton  Factory.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Arcanum,  and  in  f  oh' tics  is  a  Liberal, 
Although  brought  up  in  the  Episcopal 
church,  he  found  it  more  congenial  to  his 
taste  to  attend  the  Methodist  church,  and 
is  now  a  member  of  that  denomination.  •  He 
was  married  on  the  21st  of  December,  1865, 
to  Agnes  Murray,  daughter  of  John  Murray, 
of  Studholm,  Kings  county,  N.B. 

Fergu§oii,  Hon.  Donald,  M.  P.P., 
Provincial  Secretary  and  Commissioner  of 
Crown  Lands  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
Charlottetown,  was  born  at  East  River,  Char- 
lottetown,  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  7th 
of  March,  1839.  His  father,  John  Fergu- 
son, and  mother,  Isabella  Stewart,  were  de- 
scendants of  thrifty  Scotch  farmers,  who 
emigrated  from  Blair  Athol,  in  Perthshire, 
Scotland,  in  1807,  and  settled  near  Char- 
lottetown, Prince  Edward  Island.  Donald 
was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  the 
rudiments  of  education  in  the  Public  school 
of  his  native  parish,  and  subsequently  per- 
sued  his  studies  in  English  and  mathematics 
by  private  tuition.  He  became  interested 
in  politics  when  quite  a  young  man,  and 
was  a  strong  advocate  of  the  confederation 
of  the  provinces.  He  was  a  contributor 
to  the  press,  and  in  1867,  wrote  a  series  of 
letters  over  the  signature  of  "A  Farmer," 
which  attracted  considerable  attention,  and 
was  replied  to  by  the  Hon.  David  Laird, 
one  of  the  leading  politicians  of  the  island, 
and  subsequently  lieutenant-governor  of 
the  North- West  'Territories.  At  a  later 
date,  he  engaged,  over  his  own  signature, 
in  a  discussion  with  the  Hon.  George  Beer, 
on  the  union  question,  and  became  at  once 
known  as  one  of  the  champions  on  the 
island  for  a  Canadian  nationality.  He  was 
also  a  strong  supporter  of  the  interests  of 
the  tenantry,  an  advocate  of  railway  con- 
struction, and  was  the  mover  of  the  resolu- 
tions in  favour  of  the  railway  which  were 
adopted  at  the  mass  meeting  of  the  electors 
of  Queens  county,  held  at  Charlottetown, 
in  the  winter  of  1871.  In  1872,  Mr.  Fergu- 
son was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  peace, 
and  he  held  the  position  of  collector  of  in- 
land revenue  for  Charlottetown  for  a  short 
time  in  1873.  In  1873,  the  great  question 
of  confederation,  for  which  Mr.  Ferguson 
had  for  years  contended,  having  been  set- 
tled, he  offered  himself  as  a  candidate  for 
the  Legislative  Council  of  Prince  Edward 
Island,  for  the  second  district  of  Queens 
county,  where  the  Hon.  Edward  Palmer 


136 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


had  been  returned  in  1872,  to  the  Council, 
as  an  anti-railway  and  an  anti-confederate, 
by  a  majority  of  nearly  eight  hundred  votes 
— and  he  succeeded,  after  a  spirited  canvass 
and  good  fight  against  great  odds  in  re- 
ducing the  anti-railway  majority  to  two 
hundred  and  fifty  votes.  A  vacancy  oc- 
curring next  year  in  the  same  constituency, 
Mr.  Ferguson  was  again  brought  out  by  his 
friends,  and  this  time  succeeded  in  reducing 
the  anti-railway  majority  to  seventy.  In 
1876,  the  question  of  denominational  edu- 
cation came  prominently  before  the  elec- 
tors, and  Mr.  Ferguson  and  other  leading 
politicians  pronounced  in  favour  of  a  sys- 
tem of  payment  by  results,  by  which  the 
state  would  recognize  and  pay  for  secu- 
lar education  in  schools  in  towns,  in  which 
religious  education  might  also  be  imparted 
at  the  expense  of  parents.  Keligious  bitter- 
ness was  introduced,  the  Protestants  became 
alarmed,  the  people  decided  largely  ac- 
cording to  their  creeds,  and  the  "  payment 
by  results"  candidates  were  defeated  in 
all  except  Eoman  Catholic  constituencies. 
Believing  that  almost  any  settlement  of  this 
vexed  question  was  better  than  a  prolonged 
political-religious  agitation,  he  accepted 
the  situation.  In  1874,  Mr.  Ferguson  was 
appointed  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Rail- 
way Appraisers,  which  office  he  held  until 
1876.  In  1878,  he  was  invited  by  the 
leading  electors  of  the  Cardigan  district,  in 
Kings  county,  to  offer  himself  for  parlia- 
mentary honours ;  he  consented  and  was  re- 
turned by  acclamation.  In  March,  1879, 
on  the  meeting  of  the  legislature,  the  gov- 
ernment, under  the  leadership  of  the  Hon. 
L.  H.  Davis,  was  defeated,  and  the  Hon.  W. 
W.  Sullivan,  who  had  been  entrusted  with 
the  formation  of  a  new  administration, 
offered  Mr.  Ferguson  a  seat  in  his  cabinet, 
with  the  portfolio  of  public  works,  which 
office  he  accepted.  A  dissolution  of  the 
house  having  immediately  followed,  Mr. 
Ferguson  was  returned  by  acclamation.  In 
1880,  he  resigned  his  position  as  head  of 
the  Public  Works  department,  and  became 
provincial  secretary  and  commissioner  of 
Crown  Lands,  and  this  position  he  occupies 
to-day.  In  1882,  Mr.  Ferguson  was  elected 
to  represent  Fort  Augustus,  and  again  in 
1886,  he  had  the  same  honour  conferred 
upon  him.  Hon.  Mr.  Ferguson  is  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  for  the  man- 
agement of  the  Government  Poor-House  ; 
a  commissioner  for  the  management  of  the 


Government  Stock  Farm,  and  a  trustee  for 
the  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  at  Falcon  wood. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  Ottawa,  on  the  Wharf 
and  Pier  question  in  1883,  in  conjunction 
with  the  Hon.  Messrs.  Sullivan  and  Prowse, 
and  also  a  delegate  to  England,  with  Hon. 
Mr.  Sullivan,  on  the  question  of  the  com- 
munication between  the  island  and  the  main- 
land. Mr.  Ferguson  is  an  enthusiastic  agri- 
culturist, and  has  a  farm  in  a  high  state  of 
cultivation,  four  miles  from  Charlottetown. 
Besides  having  published  several  useful  offi- 
cial reports,  Mr.  Ferguson  gave  to  his  fellow- 
citizens  in  1884,  an  excellent  paper  on  "  Ag- 
ricultural Education,"  and  another  in  1885, 
on  "Love  of  Country."  He  has  been  a  life- 
long total  abstainer,  and  became  connected 
with  the  Good  Templars  in  1863,  and  held 
the  office  of  grand  secretary  for  two  years, 
1863-5,  and  that  of  grand  worthy  chief 
templar  the  following  two  years,  1865-7. 
He  is  a  Conservative  in  politics,  and  in  reli- 
gion a  member  of  the  Baptist  denomination. 
In  1873,  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Jane, 
daughter  of  John  Scott,  Charlottetown,  and 
has  a  family  consisting  of  three  sons  and  two 
daughters. 

Ross,  James  Duncan,  M.D.,Monc- 
ton,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at  Pictou, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  October,  1839,  and  is  a 
son  of  the  Rev.  James  Ross,  D.D.,  princi- 
pal of  Dalhousie  College,  and  grandson  of 
the  late  Rev.  Duncan  Ross,  one  of  the  first 
Presbyterian  ministers  who  came  to  Nova 
Scotia  from  Scotland.  His  mother  was 
Isabella  Matheson,  a  daughter  of  William 
Matheson,  who  through  industry  and  per- 
severance accumulated  a  fortune  at  farming, 
lumbering,  and  trading,  sufficient  to  enable 
him  to  leave  the  handsome  sum  of  $35,000 
to  the  institutions  of  the  chun  h  in  the 
province,  and  $35,000  to  the  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society.  James  Duncan 
Ross  received  his  elementary  training  in 
the  public  schools  in  his  native  town,  and 
then  took  the  arts  course  in  the  West  River 
Seminary.  He  then  spent  three  years  in 
the  office  of  the  late  Dr.  Muir,  of  Traro, 
N.S.,  and  afterwards  studied  medicine  and 
surgery  in  Philadelphia  and  Harvard,  grad- 
uating from  Harvard  University  in  1861, 
when  he  moved  to  Londonderry,  in  Nova 
Scotia,  and  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  continued  here  until  1865;  then 
he  went  over  to  Britain  and  took  a  course 
of  medicine  and  surgery  in  the  University 
and  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Snr- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


137 


geons  in  Edinburgh,  and  while  in  that  city 
he  was  for  a  time  a  student  in  the  office  of 
Sir  J.  Y.  Simpson.  He  then  went  to  Lon- 
don, and  became  for  a  time  a  dresser  in  St. 
Bartholomew's  Hospital  ;  and  afterwards, 
returning  to  Nova  Scotia,  he  resumed  his 
practice.  Dr.  Boss  occupied  the  position 
for  some  time  of  assistant  surgeon  to  the 
2nd  battalion  of  the  Colchester  Militia,  and 
also  surgeon  of  the  Caledonian  (Highland) 
Society  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  has  been  since 
1863  a  coroner  for  the  county  of  Westmore- 
land. He  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Medical  School  in  Halifax, 
and  was  demonstrator  of  anatomy  in  it  for 
the  first  two  years  of  its  existence.  The 
doctor  has  now  practised  medicine  and  sur- 
gery continuously  for  twenty-five  years, 
the  first  eleven  years  of  his  medical  career 
having  been  spent  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  the 
remaining  fourteen  in  Moncton,  N.B.  His 
work  has  been  continuous  and  laborious, 
and  very  varied,  and  he  stands  high  in  the 
profession,  especially  for  surgery.  In  him 
the  poor  always  find  a  kind  and  sympa- 
thizing friend,  who  dispenses  medicine  to 
them  gratuitously  as  well  as  his  best  skill. 
In  religion  the  doctor  holds  all  the  doctrines 
of  the  second  reformation,  and  believes  the 
Presbyterian  form  of  church  government 
scriptural.  He  has  experienced  no  change 
in  his  views  since  his  youth,  except  a  deeper 
conviction  of  the  duty  which  nations  owe 
to  Christ,  and  a  more  scriptural  constitu- 
tion for  nations.  He  married,  in  1870, 
Ruth,  daughter  of  the  late  E.  N.  B.  Mc- 
Lellan,  merchant,  of  Londonderry,  N.  S. 
The  McLellan  family  are  north  of  Ireland 
Scotch,  and  have  been  closely  connected 
with  the  political  and  mercantile  interests  of 
Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  for  many 
years.  Issue,  one  son,  who  died  in  infancy. 
McL,cod,  Rev.  Joseph,  D.D.,  Fred- 
ericton,  was  born  in  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick, June  27,  1844.  His  father,  the  Eev. 
Ezekiel  McLeod, — born  in  Sussex,  New 
Brunswick,  Sept.  17,  1815,  died  in  Freder- 
icton,  New  Brunswick,  March  17th,  1867, — 
was  the  leading  minister  in  the  Free  Baptist 
denomination  of  Canada,  and  the  founder 
and,  till  his  death,  the  editor  of  The  Reli- 
gious Intelligencer.  He  was  an  earnest  and 
influential  advocate  of  the  confederation  of 
the  British  American  provinces  ;  a  strong 
advocate  of  prohibition;  and  widely  known 
and  highly  regarded  both  for  intellectual 
qualities  and  godly  character.  His  mother 


was  Amelia  Emery,  born  in  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  survived  her  husband  till 
June,  1887.  Joseph  McLeod  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools,  and  in  the  Baptist 
Institution  in  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick, 
and  in  July,  1868,  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry.  In  the  same  month  he  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Free  Baptist  Church 
in  Fredericton,  which  he  has  held  ever 
since.  In  1875  the  Eev.  Mr.  McLeod  was 
chosen  chaplain  to  the  New  Brunswick  legis- 
lature, and  still  holds  the  office.  He  is  a  very 
active  worker  in  the  temperance  army,  and  has 
held  the  office  of  grand  worthy  chief  of  the 
British  Templars ;  president  of  the  National 
lodge  of  the  United  Temperance  Association 
of  Canada,  and  is  now,  and  has  for  several 
years  been  president  of  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Prohibitory  Alliance.  He  is  an  ardent 
advocate  of  the  prohibition  of  the  liquor 
traffic,  and  has  for  years  been  a  leader  in 
this  cause  in  New  Brunswick,  and  has  had 
much  to  do  with  introducing  the  Canada 
Temperance  Act  into  New  Brunswick.  In 
addition  to  his  strong  advocacy  of  temper- 
ance measures,  he  has  been  an  earnest  ad- 
vocate of  the  establishment  of  the  free,  un- 
sectarian  school  system  in  his  native  pro- 
vince. In  the  Free  Baptist  denomination 
he  also  stands  high  as  a  leader  in  all  pro- 
gressive movements.  He  is  an  advocate  of 
the  union  of  the  Baptist  denominations  in 
Canada,  and  by  voice  and  pen  has  done 
much  to  promote  the  union  feeling.  He 
is  a  member  and  vice-chairman  of  the  joint 
committee  of  the  Baptist  and  Free  Baptist 
bodies  which  now  (1887)  have  the  question 
of  union  under"  consideration,  and  are 
authorized  to  arrange  a  basis  of  union.  He 
was  secretary  and  a  director  of  the  Free 
Baptist  Education  Society  for  many  years, 
till,  in  1883,  the  Baptist  and  Free  Baptist 
Education  Societies  were  united  by  act  of 
the  legislature ;  since  then  he  has  been  a  di- 
rector of  the  united  Education  Society.  He 
has  also  been  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  Free  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  Society 
of  New  Brunswick  for  fifteen  years  ;  was 
for  three  years  president  of  the  American 
Foreign  Mission  Society,  which  includes  re- 
presentatives of  all  the  free  communion  Bap- 
tist bodies  in  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
and  is  now  a  member  of  the  managing  board 
of  the  society.  Has  been  moderator  of  the 
New  Brunswick  Free  Baptist  Conference 
twice  within  ten  years.  Since  1867  Dr. 
McLeod  has  owned  and  edited  the  Religious 


138 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Intelligencer.  In  May,  1886,  Acadia  Col- 
lege conferred  the  well-earned  degree  of 
D.D.  on  Mr.  McLeod.  He  is  active  in  all 
matters  pertaining  to  the  welfare  of  the 
public,  and  is  frequently  called  upon  to  do 
pulpit  and  platform  service  outside  his  own 
charge.  He  has  not  found  time  for  a  Eu- 
ropean tour,  but  has  made  two  trips  to  the 
western  states ;  spent  the  winter  of  1882-3  in 
Florida  for  the  benefit  of  his  health;  and  in 
the  summer  of  1886  made  the  trip  across  the 
continent  via  the  Canada  Pacific  Railway, 
spending  several  weeks  in  British  Columbia, 
the  North- West,  and  in  Manitoba.  Dr.  Mc- 
Leod's  parents  were  Free  Baptists,  and  in 
this  faith  he  was  brought  up.  He  at  a  very 
early  age  became  a  communicant  in  that 
church,  and  is  now  one  of  the  most  respected 
of  its  clergy.  In  December,  1868,  he  was 
married  to  Jane  Fulton  Squires,  and  is 
blessed  with  a  family  of  five  children. 

Cheiley,  John  Alexander,  Manu- 
facturer, Portland,  New  Brunswick,  was 
born  in  Portland,  N.B.,  in  May,  1839.  He 
is  the  eldest  son  of  "William  Ambrose  and 
Mary  Ann  Chesley,  of  U.E.  loyalist  descent. 
He  received  his  educational  training  in  the 
Public  school  in  Portland,  and  at  the  Gram- 
mar School  in  Albert  county,  N.B.  Mr. 
Chesley  began  his  business  career  in  Port- 
land, N.B.,  in  1862,  as  a  manufacturer  of 
ships'  iron  knees,  and  conducted  the  busi- 
ness on  his  own  account  until  1869,  when 
he  took  his  brother,  W.  A.  Chesley,  into 
partnership,  and  thus  formed  the  firm  of 
"  J.  A.  &  W.  A.  Chesley,"  of  which  he  is 
the  head  and  senior  partner.  Since  then 
the  firm  has  had  a  very  successful  career, 
and  is  very  well  and  favourably  known 
throughout  the  Maritime  provinces  for  its 
locomotive  frames,  piston  and  connecting 
rods,  truck,  engine  and  car  axles,  shafting, 
ships'  iron  knees,  etc.,  and  all  kinds  of 
heavy  forgings.  The  firm  has  also  a  large 
interest  in  shipping.  In  1876  Mr.  Chesley 
was  elected  alderman  for  No.  1  Ward  in  Port- 
land city,  and  occupied  a  seat  in  the  city 
council  continuously  until  April,  1885, — a 
period  of  nine  years, — when  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  the  city.  He  also  sat  as  one  of 
the  representatives  of  the  city  of  Portland 
in  the  municipal  council  of  the  city  and 
county  of  St.  John  from  1880  to  1886,  a 
period  of  five  years.  In  1881  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  commissioner  for  taking  the  cen- 
sus in  the  county  of  St.  John;  and  was  a 
liquor  license  commissioner  for  St.  John 


county  in  1883  under  the  Dominion  Liquor 
License  Act.  At  the  general  elections  of 
1882  and  1886  Mr.  Chesley  was  an  unsuc- 
cessful candidate  for  the  representation  of 
the  city  and  county  of  St.  John  in  the  legis- 
lature of  New  Brunswick,  but  received  such 
support  that  we  think  he  will  be  justified  in 
running  again  for  parliamentary  honours 
when  the  occasion  offers.  In  1872  he  was 
made  a  Mason,  and  now  holds  the  rank  of 
past  master  in  the  Blue  lodge,  and  also  that 
of  past  principal  in  the  Royal  Arch  chapter. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Encampment  of  St. 
John  Knights  Templars,  and  a  member  of 
the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  rite  of 
Masonry ;  also  a  member  of  the  Royal  Order 
of  Scotland.  He  is  an  active  politician,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Young  Men's  Liberal 
Conservative  Club  of  the  city  and  county 
of  St.  John,  and  at  the  present  time  is  the 
vice-president  of  the  Club  for  the  city  of 
Portland.  Mr.  Chesley  was  a  supporter  of 
confederation,  and  worked  hard  to  carry 
the  measure,  and  has  ever  since  taken  an 
interest  in  all  public  questions — Dominion, 
provincial,  and  municipal — brought  before 
the  people  of  the  city  and  county  of  St. 
John.  He  also  took  an  active  interest  in, 
and  laboured  very  hard  in  the  election  held 
to  decide  the  free  school  system  in  New 
Brunswick,  and  had  the  satisfaction  of  see- 
ing his  party  win  in  the  contest,  and  secure 
for  his  province  a  school  law  that  every 
lover  of  his  country  should  be  proud  of. 
He  is  a  Liberal- Conservative  in  politics, 
and  a  strong  supporter  of  the  national 
policy.  He  was  married,  first  in  December, 
1860,  to  Mary  Frances,  eldest  daughter  of 
Albert  Small,  of  Portland,  Maine;  and  some 
time  after  her  death  he  was  again  married 
in  September,  1872,  to  Annie,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  James  S.  May,  of  St.  John,  N.B. 

MueCallum,  Duncan  Campbell, 
M.D.,  M.R.C.S.,  Eng.,  Fellow  of  the  Ob- 
stetrical Society,  London,  Foundation  Fel- 
low of  the  British  Gynecological  Society, 
and  Professor  Emeritus,  McGill  University, 
Montreal,  was  born  in  the  province  of  Que- 
bec, on  the  12th  November,  1825.  By  de- 
scent Dr.  MacCalhim  is  a  pure  Celt$  being 
the  son  of  John  MacCallum  and  Mary 
Campbell.  His  maternal  grandfather,  Mal- 
colm Campbell,  of  Killin,  during  his  lifetime 
widely  known  and  highly  esteemed  through 
the  Perthshire  Highlands,  was  a  near  kins- 
man and  relative,  through  the  Lochiel  Cam- 
erons,  of  the  Earl  of  Breadalbane.  Dr. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


139 


MacCallum  received  his  medical  education 
at  McGill  University,  at  which  institution 
he  graduated  as  M.D.  in  the  year  1850. 
Immediately  on  receiving  his  degree,  he 
proceeded  to  Great  Britain,  and  continued 
his  studies  in  London,  Edinburgh  and  Dub- 
lin. After  examination  he  was  admitted  a 
member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons, 
England,  February,  1851.  Returning  to 
Canada,  he  entered  on  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  the  city  of  Montreal,  and  was 
appointed  demonstrator  of  anatomy  in  the 
medical  faculty  of  McGill  University,  Sep- 
tember, 1854.  From  that  time  to  the  present 
he  has  been  connected  with  the  university, 
occupying  various  positions  in  the  faculty 
of  medicine.  In  August,  1856,  he  was  pre- 
ferred to  the  chair  of  clinical  surgery.  In 
November,  1860,  he  was  transferred  to  the 
chair  of  clinical  medicine  and  medical  juris- 
prudence, and  in  April,  1868,  received  the 
appointment  of  professor  of  midwifery  and 
the  diseases  of  women  and  children,  which 
position  he  held  until  his  resignation  in 
1883,  on  which  occasion  the  governors  of 
the  university  appointed  him  professor 
emeritus,  retaining  his  precedence  in  the 
university.  For  a  period  of  twenty-nine 
years  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the 
teaching  of  his  profession.  Elected  visiting 
physician  to  the  Montreal  General  Hospital 
in  February,  1856,  he  discharged  the  duties 
of  that  position  until  the  year  1877,  when 
he  resigned,  and  was  placed  by  the  vote  of 
the  governors  of  that  institution  on  the 
consulting  staff.  From  1868  till  1883  he 
had  charge  of  the  university  lying-in  hos- 
pital, to  which  he  is  now  attached  as  con- 
sulting physician,  and  for  a  period  of  four- 
teen years  he  was  physician  to  the  Hervey 
Institute  for  children,  to  which  charity  also 
he  is  now  consulting  physician.  He  has 
always  taken  a  warm  interest  in  the  litera- 
ture of  his  profession,  and  articles  from  his 
pen  have  appeared  in  the  British  American 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  the  Canada 
Medical  Journal,  and  the  "  Transactions  of 
the  Obstetrical  Society  of  London,  Eng." 
In  the  year  1854  he,  in  conjunction  with 
Dr.  Wm.  Wright,  established  and  edited  the 
Medical  Chronicle  which  had  an  existence 
of  six  years.  He  was  vice-president  for 
Canada  of  the  section  of  Obstetrics  in  the 
ninth  International  Medical  Congress,  which 
was  held  at  Washington  during  the  week 
commencing  September  5th,  1887.  Dr. 
MacCallum  married  in  October,  1867, 


Mary  Josephine  Guy,  second  daughter  of 
the  late  Hon.  Hippolyte  Guy,  judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  Lower  Canada.  The 
Guy  family,  of  ancient  and  noble  origin, 
supposed  to  be  a  branch  of  the  Guy  de 
Montfort  family,  has  been  distinguished 
for  the  valuable  services,  military  and  civil, 
which  its  members  have  rendered  to  the 
province  of  Quebec,  both  under  the  old 
and  new  regimes.  Pierre  Guy,  the  first 
of  the  name  to  settle  in  Canada,  joined  the 
French  army  under  M.  de  Vaudreuil,  in 
which  he  rose  rapidly  to  the  rank  of  cap- 
tain. He  took  an  active  part  in  the  engage- 
ments which  were  then  so  frequent  between 
the  French  in  Quebec  and  the  English  in 
Massachusetts  and  New  York.  He  died  at 
the  early  age  of  forty-eight.  His  son  Pierre, 
who  was  sent  to  France  and  received  a 
thorough  and  careful  education,  also  joined 
the  French  army  and  distinguished  himself 
under  General  Montcalm  at  the  battle  of 
Carillon,  and  in  the  following  year  at  Mont- 
morency.  The  battle  of  the  Plains  of  Abra- 
ham having  annihilated  the  power  of  France 
in  Canada,  young  Guy  with  others  left  for 
France  after  the  capitulation  of  the  country, 
where  he  remained  till  1764.  Returning  to 
Canada,  he  accepted  the  situation,  entered 
into  business  at  Montreal,  and  became  a 
loyal  subject  of  Great  Britain.  Shortly  after, 
when  General  Montgomery  invaded  Cana- 
da, he  took  up  arms  for  the  defence  of  the 
country,  and  this  so  exasperated  the  Amer- 
icans that  they  sacked  his  stores  after  the 
capitulation  of  Montreal.  In  1776  he  re- 
ceived from  the  Crown  the  appointment  of 
judge,  which  at  that  time  was  considered  a 
signal  mark  of  favour;  and  in  1802  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  colonel  of  militia. 
A  man  of  great  attainments  and  scholarly 
parts,  he  was  an  ardent  promoter  of  all 
educational  projects.  He  was  one  of  the 
most  active  in  the  foundation  of  the  College 
St.  Raphae,  hinder  the  control  of  the  gen- 
tlemen of  the  Seminary  of  the  Sulpician 
order,  and  which  still  exists  and  flourishes 
under  the  name  of  the  "  College  of  Mon- 
treal." He  died  in  1812  and  left  several 
sons  and  daughters.  Louis,  who  by  the 
death  of  his  brother  became  the  eldest  of 
the  family,  was  an  intimate  friend  and  ad- 
viser of  Sir  James  Kempt,  and  subsequently 
of  Lord  Aylmer.  He  was  made  a  coun- 
cillor by  King  William  in  February,  1831. 
He  died  in  1840.  Of  his  family,  Judge 
Hippolyte  Guy  was  the  second  son.  The 


140 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


eldest  son,  named  Louis,  received  a  com- 
mission as  lieutenant  in  the  British  army 
through  the  influence  of  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington, in  consideration  of  the  bravery  he 
had  displayed  at  the  battle  of  Chateauguay, 
where  he  gallantly  led  the  advanced  guard 
of  the  Voltigeurs.  Several  years  before  en- 
tering the  British  army  he  served  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  body  guard  of  Charles  X.  of 
France,  into  which  no  one  was  admitted 
who  was  not  of  proved  noble  origin.  Judge 
Guy  married  the  adopted  daughter  of  Chief 
Justice  Vallieres,  and  had  four  children,  a 
son  who  died  in  youth,  and  three  daughters. 
The  eldest  of  the  latter  is  married  to  Chief 
Justice  Austin,  of  Nassau,  Bahamas,  and 
the  youngest  to  Gustave  Fabre,  brother  to 
Archbishop  Fabre,  Montreal.  Dr.  Mac- 
Callum's  family  consists  of  five  children, — 
four  daughters  and  one  son. 

Williams,  Tliomae,  Accountant  and 
Treasurer  of  the  Intercolonial  Railway, 
Moncton,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at 
Handsworth,  near  Birmingham,  England,  on 
the  3rd  of  June,  1846.  He  is  the  youngest 
son  of  Joseph  and  Hannah  Williams.  His 
father's  ancestors  can  be  traced  back  several 
centuries  as  farmers  and  occupiers  of  land 
in  the  adjoining  parish  of  Perry  Barr.  His 
mother's  ancestors,  the  Coulburns  of  Tipton, 
in  South  Staffordshire,  have  been  connected 
with  the  development  of  the  iron  industries 
there  for  several  generations  past.  Thomas 
Williams  was  educated  at  the  parish  schools, 
and  subsequently  at  the  Bridge  Trust  School 
— a  grammar  school  founded  from  the  pro- 
ceeds of  a  legacy  for  repairs  of  bridges  in 
the  parish,  for  which  after  the  organisation 
of  the  Highway  Board,  its  existence  for  its 
original  purposes  was  not  necessary,  and 
the  accumulated  funds  were  devoted  to  the 
erection  and  endowment  of  a  superior  school. 
In  1868,  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Lon- 
don and  North-Western  Railway  of  Eng- 
land as  freight  clerk,  and  was  subsequently 
appointed  freight  agent  at  Sutton  Coldfield, 
near  Birmingham,  and  station  master  at 
Marton,  near  Rugby.  He  resigned  in  June, 
1870,  to  come  to  Canada,  and  in  December, 
1870,  entered  the  service  of  the  New  Bruns- 
wick and  Canada  Railway,  at  St.  Andrews, 
New  Brunswick,  as  clerk  to  the  general 
manager.  Mr.  Williams  left  the  service  of 
that  railway  in  August,  1873,  to  enter  upon 
duties  of  clerk  in  accountant's  office  of  the 
Intercolonial  (Government)  Railway,  at 
Moncton,  New  Brunswick,  and  was  subse- 


quently appointed  chief  clerk  in  mechanical 
department  of  the  same  railway.  In  No- 
vember, 1875,  he  was  sent  to  Charlottetown, 
to  organise  the  system  of  accounts  of  the 
Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  and  was  ap- 
pointed accountant  and  auditor  of  that  rail- 
way. And  on  the  1st  of^  July,  1882,  he  was 
appointed  chief  accountant  and  treasurer  of 
the  Intercolonial  Railway  at  Moncton,  which 
position  he  at  present  holds.  Mr.  Williams 
was  a  member  of  the  Church  of  England 
until  December,  1873,  but  in  consequence 
of  Ritualistic  practices  having  been  intro- 
duced into  the  church  he  was  in  the  habit  of 
attending,  he  left  it,  and  was  among  the 
first  to  join  the  then  newly  organized  Re- 
formed Episcopal  Church,  St.  Paul's,  in 
Moncton.  He  has  held  the  office  of  vestry- 
man and  warden  in  this  church,  almost  con- 
tinuously since.  On  the  12th  of  January, 
1875,  he  married  Analena,  daughter  of  the 
late  John  Rourke,  merchant,  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  and  has  a  family  of  seven  child- 
ren. 

Picknrcl,  Rev.  Humphrey,  D.D., 
Methodist  Minister,  Sackville,  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  at  Fredericton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, June  10th,  1813.  His  parents,  Thomas 
Pickard,  was  the  son  of  Deacon  Humphrey 
Pickard,  and  was  born  at  Sheffield  in  1783, 
and  Mary  Pickard,  daughter  of  David  Bur- 
pee. Mrs.  Pickard  was  also  born  at  Sheffield 
in  1783.  Both  Deacon  Pickard  and  Squire 
Burpee,  came,  while  yet  mere  youths,  from 
Massachusetts,  New  England,  with  a  party 
of  the  earliest  English  settlers  on  the  Saint 
John  river,  about  the  year  1762.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  after  receiving  a  fair  Eng- 
lish education  in  Fredericton,  was  sent  to 
the  Wesleyan  Academy,  North  Wilbenham, 
Massachusetts,  United  States,  in  1829,  where 
he  commenced  a  classical  course  of  study, 
and  having  prepared  for  matriculation,  he 
entered  the  Freshman  class  in  the  Univer- 
sity at  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1831.  He, 
having  completed  the  Freshman  course  of 
study,  retired  from  the  university  in  1832, 
and  spent  the  following  three  years  in  mer- 
cantile pursuits.  In  1835,  he  entered  the 
Methodist  ministry,  as  an  assistant  to  the 
Rev.  A.  Des  Brisay,  in  the  Sheffield  circuit. 
In  1836,  he  was  received  on  trial  as  a  Wes- 
leyan missionary,  by  the  British  Methodist 
Conference,  and  laboured  for  a  year  as  such 
on  the  Miramichi  mission  and  Fredericton 
circuit.  In  1837,  he  resumed  his  course  of 
university  study  at  Middletown ;  in  1839,  he 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


141 


graduated,  receiving  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Arts,  and  re-entered  the  work  of  the  Me- 
thodist ministry,  being  stationed  at  Bichi- 
bucto,  until  1841,  when  he  was  appointed  to 
St.  John.  In  1842,  he  was  ordained  and 
received  into  full  connection  with  the  Eng- 
lish Conference  as  a  Methodist  minister,  and 
appointed  editor  of  the  British  North  Ame- 
rican Methodist  Magazine,  which  was  pub- 
lished at  St.  John.  In  November  of  the 
same  year,  he  was  elected  principal  of  the 
Mount  Allison  Academy,  and  removed  with 
his  family  to  Sackville  at  the  close  of  the 
year.  The  academy  was  opened  on  the  19th 
of  January,  1843,  with  a  very  few  students, 
but  under  his  skilful  management,  it  rapidly 
rose  into  importance  in  public  estimation, 
and  attracting  students  from  all  parts  of  the 
Maritime  provinces,  soon  took  position  in 
the  very  front  rank  of  the  educational  insti- 
tutions of  Eastern  British  America.  The 
catalogue  for  the  term  from  January  to  June, 
1855,  contains  250  names  of  students  in  ac- 
tual attendance,  viz. :  of  134  in  the  male 
branch,  and  116  in  the  female.  In  1862, 
the  Mount  Allison  College  was  organized  at 
Sackville,  by  the  authority  of  an  Act  of  the 
Legislature  of  New  Brunswick,  and  Mr. 
Pickard  was  appointed  its  president,  and  he 
continued  to  act  as  president  of  the  college 
and  principal  of  the  academy  until  1869. 
At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Governors  of  the  united  institutions,  held 
May  26,  1869,  the  following  resolution  was 
unanimously  adopted  :  "  That  the  board, 
having  received  intimation  from  Bev.  Dr. 
Pickard,  that  in  consequence  of  the  action 
of  the  conference  in  assigning  to  him  ano- 
ther portion  of  connexional  service,  his 
resignation  of  the  office  of  president  of  the 
institution  is  deemed  necessary,  though  re- 
luctantly accepting  that  resignation,  would 
express  in  strongest  terms  its  regret  at  the 
removal  of  Dr.  Pickard  from  the  field  of  use- 
fulness for  which  he  has  special  qualifica- 
tions, and  at  which  for  upwards  of  a  quarter 
of  a  century,  he  has  with  fidelity  and 
honour  served  the  church  and  his  generation. 
The  board  is  also  assured  that  the  great 
work  of  education  in  connection  with  the 
Wesleyan  Conference  of  Eastern  British 
America  is  greatly  indebted  to  the  retiring 
president  of  the  institution,  and  that  its  suc- 
cess is  largely  to  be  attributed  to  the  indo- 
mitable application  and  perseverance — the 
high  business  ability,  and  the  earnest  Chris- 
tian aim  by  which  Dr.  Pickard  has  been 


animated  during  the  whole  period  of  his 
service  in  the  government  of  the  institution." 
The  Provincial  Wesleyan,  in  a  notice  of  the 
Mount  Allison  Academy,  June  15, 1870,  says : 
"  The  college  established  in  1862,  under  a 
charter  from  the  Legislature  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, mainly  through  the  exertions  of  the 
Bev.  Dr.  Pickard,  is  the  latest  of  the  foun- 
dations at  Sackville.  *  *  *  The  first 
president  of  the  college  was  the  Bev.  H. 
Pickard,  D.  D.,  president  also  of  the  Wes- 
leyan Conference.  Dr.  Pickard's  name  is  so 
intimately  associated  with  the  Sackville  in- 
stitutions as  almost  to  rival  that  of  its  bene- 
volent founder.  To  them  he  gave  the  flower 
of  his  life.  And  although  retired  from  the 
responsible  office  of  president,  and  engaged 
in  another  sphere  of  usefulness,  the  doctor 
is  still  one  of  its  ablest  friends  and  support- 
ers. His  address  at  the  recent  celebration 
was  received  with  the  warmest  demonstra- 
tions." Dr.  Pickard,  having  been  elected  to 
the  office  of  editor  of  The  Wesleyan  and 
book  steward,  became  resident  in  Halifax, 
from  1869  to  1873,  but  in  this  latter  year 
he  returned  with  his  family  to  Sackville. 
From  1873  to  1875,  he  acted  as  agent  for 
the  college,  and  was  largely  instrumental 
in  securing  the  first  endowment  fund  ;  and 
in  1876  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Sack- 
ville district.  In  1877,  he  became  a  supernu- 
merary, and  has  since  so  remained,  resident 
at  Sackville,  except  during  the  years  1879- 
80,  when,  at  the  call  of  the  General  Confer- 
ence of  the  Methodist  Church  of  Canada,  he 
acted  as  book  steward  at  Halifax.  He  was 
elected  secretary  of  the  Wesleyan  Methodist 
Conference  of  Eastern  British  America  in 
1857,  1858, 1859  and  1860,  and  co-delegate 
of  the  same  conference  in  1861,  and  presi- 
dent in  1862  and  1870.  He  was  appointed 
representative  of  the  conference  of  Eastern 
British  America  to  the  Canada  Conference, 
which  met  in  the  city  of  Kingston,  June, 
1860;  and  again  to  the  conference  which 
met  in  the  city  of  Hamilton,  June,  1867. 
He  was  appointed  representative  of  his  con- 
ference to  the  British  Conference,  first,  in 
1857,  secondly  in  1862,  and  thirdly  in  1873. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  joint  committee 
on  the  Federal  union  of  the  Wesleyan  Me- 
thodist church  in  British  America,  which 
met  in  Montreal,  October,  1872 ;  and  of  the 
joint  committee  which  met  in  Toronto  in 
1882,  and  formulated  the  basis  of  union  by 
which  the  four  separate  Methodist  bodies  in 
Canada  united  to  form  the  one  Methodist 


142 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


church.  Rev.  Mr.  Pickard  was  a  member  of 
the  first  and  second  general  conferences  of 
the  Methodist  Church  of  Canada,  and  served 
in  both  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
discipline.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
second  general  conference  of  the  Methodist 
church,  which  met  in  Toronto,  in  Septem- 
ber, 1886,  and  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  court  of  appeal  and  of  the  book  com- 
mittee for  the  quadrennium,  1886-1890. 
Mr.  Pickard  received  the  degree  of  Master 
of  Arts  in  1842,  from  the  University  at  Mid- 
dletown,  and  had  the  honorary  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  conferred  on  him  by  his 
alma  mater  in  1857.  At  the  late  session  of 
the  annual  conference  of  New  Brunswick 
and  Prince  Edward  Island  of  the  Methodist 
church,  the  following  address,  beautifully 
engrossed  and  elegantly  framed,  was  pre- 
sented to  Dr.  Pickard : — 

To  the  Reverend  H.  Pickard,  D.D.: 

DEAR  BROTHER,— The  members  of  the  New 
Brunswick  and  Prince  Edward  Island  Conference, 
assembled  in  annual  session,  desire  to  express  to 
you  their  hearty  congratulations  upon  the  comple- 
tion of  FIFTY  YEARS  in  the  honourable  work  of 
your  ministry.  We  also  express  our  gratitude  to 
GOD,  that  he  has  so  long  spared  you  to  see  the 
growth,  prosperity,  and  influence  of  the  church  to 
whose  interests  you  have  given  such  rich  qualities 
of  learning,  wisdom,  and  piety. 

We  rejoice  that  through  all  these  years  your 
moral  and  ministerial  character  has  been  pre- 
served without  a  stain.  We  are  profoundly  con- 
scious of  the  far-reaching  influence  of  your  life  in 
our  ACADEMIC  AND  COLLEGE  WORK.  The  ministry 
of  this  and  other  churche?,  as  well  as  the  business 
and  professional  life  of  our  provinces,  have  been 
enriched  by  the  ripe  scholarship  and  godly  zeal  of 
those  who  owe  much  to  you  for  their  culture  and 
their  ability  in  their  callings.  We  are  not  unmind- 
ful that  other  departments  of  our  church  work 
have  been  benefited  by  your  consecrated  zeal  and 
wisdom.  As  early  life  directs  and  tinges  the 
thoughts  of  advanced  age,  we  fail  not  to  discern 
in  you  the  earnestness  of  purpose,  the  singleness 
of  aim  that  mark  the  years  of  the  early  itiner- 
ant. Your  company  has  almost  gone  before,  and 
while  with  the  few  venerable  men  whom  we  lov- 
ingly call  FATHERS,  you  wait  the  summons  of  the 
Master,  you  say — 

"  In  peace  and  cheerful  hope  I  wait, 

On  life's  last  verge  quite  free  from  fears, 

And  watch  the  opening  of  the  gate, 
Which  leads  to  the  eternal  years." 

We  desire  that  your  day,  as  it  draws  to  its  close, 
may  be  brightened  by  the  glory  of  the  sunset,  full 
of  the  golden  promise  of  the  eternity  of  light. 

Signed  by  order  of  the  Conference, 
C.  H.  PAISLEY,  ROBERT  WILSON, 

Secretary.  President. 

Marysville,  N.  B.,  June,  1887. 


Mr.  Pickard  was  twice  married,  first  at  Bos- 
ton, on  October  2nd,  1841,  to  the  daughter 
of  Ebenezer  and  Hannah  M.  Thompson,  by 
whom  he  had  two  children — Edward  Dwight 
and  Charles  F.  Allison,  who  died  in  early 
childhood  and  infancy.  Mrs.  Pickard  died 
at  Sackville,  the  llth  of  March,  1844.  She 
was  a  lady  of  superior  ability,  and  much 
literary  talent,  her  memoirs  and  selections 
from  her  writings  were  published  at  Boston, 
by  the  Kev.  Edward  Otheman,  A.M.,  in  a 
duodecimo  volume  of  upwards  of  300  pages, 
in  1845,  which  is  now  out  of  print.  He  was 
married  again  on  the  5th  of  September,  1846, 
to  Mary  Rowe  Carr,  who  was  born  at  Port- 
land, Maine,  United  States,  the  daughter  of 
John  and  Avis  Preble  Carr.  This  second 
wife  bore  him  two  daughters,  the  first,  Mary 
Emarancy,  is  the  wife  of  Andrew  M.  Bell, 
hardware  merchant  in  Halif  ax,  Nova  Scotia, 
and  the  mother  of  two  boys,  Winthrop  P. 
and  Ealph  P.  The  second,  Amelia  Eliza- 
beth, is  the  wife  of  A.  A.  Stockton,  D.C.L., 
M.P.P.,  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  and 
mother  of  six  living  children,  three  daughters 
and  three  sons.  The  second  Mrs.  Pickard 
died  on  the  24th  of  January,  1887,  in  the 
77th  year  of  her  age. 

Kennedy,  George,  M.A.,LL.D.,  Bar- 
rister, Toronto,  was  born  on  1st  March, 
1838,  at  Bytown,  now  the  city  of  Ottawa, 
Ontario.  His  father,  Donald  Kennedy,  was 
born  near  Blairathol,  in  Scotland,  and  came 
with  his  father  to  Canada  in  1818,  the  fam- 
ily settling  in  the  township  of  Beck  with. 
About  the  time  of  the  building  of  the  Ei- 
deau  canal  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  removed  to  Bytown,  engaged  in  busi- 
ness as  a  contractor  and  builder,  was  em- 
ployed for  some  time  as  surveyor  for  the 
district  of  Dalhousie,  now  the  county  of 
Carleton,  and  for  many  years  carried  on,  in 
partnership  with  John  Blyth,  an  extensive 
cabinet-making  business.  An  ancestor  of 
his  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Culloden,  on 
the  side  of  Bonny  Prince  Charlie,  by  some 
called  the  "  Pretender,"  and  the  dirk  he 
used  on  the  occasion  is  still  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  family.  Dr.  Kennedy's  mother, 
Janet  Buckham,  was  born  in  1807,  in  Dun- 
blane, Scotland,  and  came,  with  her  father, 
to  this  country  in  1828.  This  family  set- 
tled in  the  township  of  Torbolton,  and  Mr. 
Buckharn  went  into  farming  on  a  large 
scale  at  the  head  of  Sand  Bay,  where  he 
planted  one  of  the  finest  orchards  in  that 
part  of  the  country.  The  Buckhams 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


143 


were  descended  from  an  old  Border  family 
that  have  resided  in  Jedburgh  from  the 
time  of  Queen  Mary,  of  Scotland.  Mrs. 
Kennedy  died  in  1856;  but  Mr.  Kennedy 
is  still  alive,  and  resides  about  three  miles 
from  Ottawa  city,  on  a  picturesque  spot 
overlooking  the  Rideau  river.  George  re- 
ceived his  education  at  the  Carleton  county 
Grammar  School  (now  the  Ottawa  Collegiate 
Institute),  and  at  University  College,  To- 
ronto, where  he  matriculated  in  1853,  tak- 
ing the  first-class  scholarship  in  classics, 
and  in  his  subsequent  course  held  first-class 
honors  also  in  mathematics,  metaphysics 
and  ethics,  natural  sciences,  modern  lan- 
guages, logic,  rhetoric  and  history.  In 
1857  he  graduated  B.A.  with  gold  medal 
in  metaphysics  and  ethics;  took  M.A.  in 
1860;  LL.B.  in  1864,  and  LL.D,,  in  1877. 
In  1859  Dr.  Kennedy  occupied  the  position 
of  master  of  the  Grammar  School  of  Pres- 
cott;  and  during  the  years  1860-1  he  was 
second  master  in  the  Ottawa  Grammar 
School,  and  had  charge  of  the  branch  Me- 
teorological Observatory  at  Ottawa.  In 
1862  he  began  the  study  of  the  law  in  the 
offices  of  Crooks,  Kingsmill  and  Cattanach, 
Toronto,  and  was  admitted  as  an  attorney 
and  solicitor,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  of 
Ontario  in  Hilary  term,  1865.  He  then 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Ot- 
tawa, and  for  six  years  carried  on  his  busi- 
ness in  his  native  place.  In  February, 
1872,  he  received  the  appointment  of  law 
clerk  to  the  Crown  Lands  Department  of 
Ontario,  and  moved  to  Toronto,  where  he 
has  ever  since  resided.  During  the  years 
1878-9-80  the  doctor  was  examiner  in  law 
at  the  University  of  Toronto.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Ottawa  Literary 
and  Scientific  Society,  formed  by  the  amal- 
gamation of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  and 
Natural  History  Society,  and  was  secre- 
tary for  some  years,  and  as  a  recognition 
of  his  labours  in  connection  therewith  was 
made  a  life  member.  He  was  also  one  of 
the  original  members  of  the  University 
College  Literary  and  Scientific  Society,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Canadian  Institute,  of 
which  he  was  for  three  years  a  vice-presi- 
dent, and  is  now  editor  of  "  The  Proceed- 
ings." For  some  time  he  has  been  secretary 
to  the  Toronto  St.  Andrew's  Society,  and  as 
such  prepared  a  history  of  the  Society  as 
a  memorial  for  its  jubilee  year,  1886.  Dr. 
Kennedy  is  an  omnivorous  reader,  and  as 
a  consequence  has  a  large  and  well-selected 


library — indeed  he  considers  a  library  the 
most  important  part  of  any  home — and  few 
men  are  better  posted  in  book-lore  than  he. 
He,  too,  has  seen  a  good  deal  of  Canada 
and  the  United  States,  and  is  familiar  with 
the  principal  places  in  North  America, 
ranging  from  the  Southern  states,  the 
Western  states,  the  Maritime  provinces, 
the  Muskoka  district,  and  the  regions  be- 
yond Ottawa.  As  might  be  expected,  Dr. 
Kennedy  was  brought  up  a  Presbyterian, 
but  when  quite  young  he  began  to  enter- 
tain doubts  as  to  the  correctness  of  the 
Calvinistic  faith  of  his  church.  For  sev- 
eral years  he  was  greatly  troubled  about 
this  matter,  and  finding  he  could  no  longer 
stifle  his  convictions,  he  broke  away  from 
the  church,  and  became  almost  an  Agnostic. 
After  a  while,  however,  he  joined  the  Uni- 
tarian church,  and  no  one  has  now  a  firmer 
faith  than  he  in  the  Divine  Fatherhood, 
and  the  infinite  possibilities  of  human  pro- 
gress. On  the  6th  June,  1883,  he  married 
Sarah,  daughter  of  the  late  Henry  Jackson, 
a  well-known  jeweller,  and  once  resident  of 
Toronto. 

I  uriilMill.  William  Wallace,  Mer- 
chant, of  the  firm  of  Turnbull  &  Co.,  Flour 
Dealers,  Commission  Merchants,  and  Im- 
porters of  West  India  Goods,  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  was  born  on  the  23rd  of  May, 
1828,  at  Bear  River,  Annapolis  county, 
Nova  Scotia.  His  father  was  William  Bax- 
ter Turnbull,  and  his  mother,  Belief  Ann 
Tucker.  His  father's  grandparents  emi- 
grated from  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  in  the  last 
century,  and  settled  at  a  small  place  now 
known  as  Bay  View,  about  three  miles  dis- 
tant from  the  town  of  Digby,  N.S.,  and  here 
the  father  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was 
born.  His  mother's  grandparents  were  U.E. 
loyalists,  and  came  to  Nova  Scotia  from  the 
United  States  shortly  after,  or  during,  the 
revolutionary  war  between  Great  Britain 
and  that  country.  Mr.  Turnbull,  sen.,  was 
characterized  by  his  keen  sense  of  humour, 
his  cheerfulness,  and  his  affectionate  nature, 
his  sympathy  for  the  weak  and  suffering, 
his  strong  religious  convictions,  and  by  his 
fealty  to  whatever  he  believed  to  be  just 
and  right.  He  died  at  the  comparatively 
early  age  of  forty-five  years,  and  was  buried 
at  Bear  River,  greatly  respected  and  belov- 
ed by  all  who  knew  him.  William's  educa- 
tion was  confined  to  the  English  branches, 
and  was  obtained  at  the  Grammar  School 
at  Bear  River,  and  also  by  attendance,  for 


144 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


a  short  time,  at  the  Grammar  School  at 
Albion  Vale,  a  place  about  one  mile  distant 
from  Annapolis,  N.S.  The  school  at  Al- 
bion Vale  was  taught  by  the  late  Andrew 
Henderson,  and  it  was  at  the  time  a  some- 
what celebrated  place  of  instruction.  Mr. 
Turnbull,  sen.,  died,  in  July,  1845,  leav- 
ing a  widow  and  nine  children  (two  sons 
and  seven  daughters),  William  being  the 
younger  of  the  two  brothers.  On  the  wind- 
ing up  of  his  estate,  and  the  payment  of  all 
just  debts,  what  remained  for  the  family 
did  not  much  exceed  $1,000.  For  some 
time  previous  to  this  event  William's  health 
was  in  such  a  precarious  condition  that  it 
created  a  good  deal  of  anxiety  to  the  family, 
and  it  may  be  readily  supposed  he  could 
do  little  towards  the  support  of  his  mother 
and  sisters,  and  to  add  to  their  troubles  one 
of  the  younger  sisters,  eight  years  old,  died. 
In  the  following  spring  (1846)  all  of  the 
family  except  the  brother  removed  to  St. 
John,  and  shortly  after  their  arrival  in  that 
city  William  obtained  a  situation  as  clerk 
with  W.  D.  W.  Hubbard,  auctioneer.  In 
this  office  he  remained  for  about  eighteen 
months,  when  he  became  book-keeper  for 
G.  &  J.  Salter,  a  firm  then  largely  engaged 
in  the  West  India  trade,  and  as  shipbuilders 
and  shipowners.  On  the  1st  May,  1851,  he 
left  their  employ  and  struck  out  for  himself 
as  a  wholesale  flour,  provision,  and  grocery 
merchant,  adding  thereto  a  few  years  after- 
wards shipowning  and  sailing,  and  in  this 
business  he  is  engaged  at  this  time.  When 
he  started  business  he  had  a  capital  of 
about  $200.00,  very  small  indeed,  but  he  had 
himself  earned  this  money,  and  therefore 
knew  its  value.  Owing,  perhaps,  to  his  youth 
and  inexperience,  for  many  years  his  pro- 
gress was  very  slow,  he  having  made  a  good 
number  of  bad  debts  and  unwise  ventures, 
yet  notwithstanding  these  drawbacks  he 
managed  to  meet  all  his  liabilities  as  they 
matured,  and  now  the  reflection  that 
throughout  his  business  career  he  has  been 
able  to  meet  every  honourable  obligation, 
affords  him  the  greatest  satisfaction.  Since 
his  removal  from  Bear  River  he  has  always 
lived  in  St.  John.  The  changes  or  experi- 
ences that  he  has  had  are  perhaps  such  as 
are  common  to  men  engaged  in  business 
for  so  long  a  period  as  thirty-six  years,  par- 
ticularly during  a  time  when  railroads, 
steamships  and  telegraphs  have  wrought 
such  great  changes  in  the  methods  of 
business,  and  to  which  we  may  add  the 


change  resulting  from  the  confederation  of 
the  provinces  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 
When  Mr.  Turnbull  was  about  twenty -four 
years  of  age  he  became  a  member  of  the 
order  of  Sons  of  Temperance,  but  after  a 
few  years  he  withdrew,  not  because  he  had 
ceased  to  believe  in  the  soundness  of  total 
abstinence  principles,  but  because  he  be- 
came so  immersed  in  business  that  his  mind 
seemed  to  be  wholly  absorbed  by  it,  and  he 
felt,  owing  perhaps  to  the  limitation  of  his 
capacity,  unable  to  keep  up  his  interest  in 
the  organization.  He  has  always  been,  and 
still  is,  a  total  abstainer,  but  is  not  at  pre- 
sent associated  with  any  society  having  for 
its  object  the  dissemination  of  temperance 
principles.  During  his  connection  with  the 
Sons  of  Temperance  he  held  a  number  of 
offices  in  the  division,  and  afterwards  be- 
came its  presiding  officer;  and  still  later  a 
member  of  the  Grand  Division  of  the  pro- 
vince of  New  Brunswick.  In  May,  1884, 
Mr.  Turnbull  was  elected  president  of  the 
St.  John  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum,  and 
also  a  director  of  the  Bank  of  New  Brans  - 
wick,Vhich  positions  he  still  holds.  He,  with 
about  a  dozen  other  persons,  built  a  rail- 
way from  Gibson  (opposite  Fredericton)  to 
Edmundston,  a  distance  of  about  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  miles,  with  branches  in  ad- 
dition to  Woodstock,  N.B.,  and  Fort  Fair- 
field,  Maine,  and  he  continued  to  be  con- 
nected with  this  enterprise  until  the  road 
was  sold  in  1880  to  a  number  of  capitalists 
in  Montreal.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Trade  of  the  city  of  St.  John.  In  1883 
he  took  a  trip  to  the  Old  World,  and  spent 
some  time  abroad,  visiting  Britain,  Ger- 
many, and  Switzerland.  Mr.  Turnbull's 
father  was  a  Presbyterian  of  the  old  school, 
and  of  course  the  son  was  brought  up  in  the 
same  faith ;  but  he  now  attends  the  Episco- 
pal church  with  his  family.  He,  however, 
is  not  a  member  of  this  or  any  other  church, 
not  that  he  objects  to  churches,  but  simply 
that  his  mind  is  unsettled  as  to  what  is  really 
the  orthodox  doctrine  of  faith  and  practice. 
One  thing  is  certain,  however,  Mr.  Turn- 
bull  finds  great  pleasure  in  relieving  the 
wants  of  the  deserving  poor,  and  in  doing 
all  the  good  he  can  to  his  fellow-men.  He 
does  not  consider  himself  in  any  sense  a 
politician,  yet  nevertheless  he  holds  decided 
opinions  on  most  of  the  political  ques- 
tions that  now  agitate  the  country.  He 
is  strongly  opposed  to  what  is  known  as 
the  national  policy,  for  he  believes  it  wrings 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


145 


large  sums  in  taxes  from  the  pockets  of  the 
people,  without  its  being  able  to  give  them 
in  return  any  compensating  advantages. 
He  is  also  strongly  opposed  to  the  expendi- 
ture of  large  sums  of  money  on  public 
works  of  an  unremunerative  character,  and 
on  public  works  which  exist,  as  he  is  satis- 
fied many  hi  Canada  do,  only  by  reason  of 
sentiment  or  false  pride.  While  he  recog- 
nizes that  free  trade,  in  its  entirety,  owing 
to  the  enormous  debt  of  the  Dominion,  is 
not  now  practicable,  he  holds  that  it  is 
thoroughly  sound  in  principle,  and  being 
so  would  work  the  greatest  good  to  the 
greatest  number  o?  our  people,  he  would 
therefore  favour  its  adoption  to  as  large  an 
extent  as  might  seem  to  be  practicable. 
He  believes  in  the  fullest  individual  liberty 
and  freedom,  consistent  with  a  just  regard 
for  the  rights  of  others,  and  is  hi  favour  of 
all  measures  having  for  their  object  the 
elevation  of  the  masses.  He  is,  in  its  true 
sense,  a  Liberal,  but  with  enough  conserva- 
tism hi  his  composition  to  cause  him  to  op- 
pose any  change  in  the  laws  of  our  country 
that  he  did  not  feel  firmly  convinced  would 
be  for  the  better.  Mr.  Turnbull  was  mar- 
ried at  Maugerville,  Sunbury  county,  on 
June  6,  185  i,  to  Julia  Caroline,  daughter 
of  the  late  Calvin  L.  Hatheway,  of  that 
place.  Mr.  Hatheway  was  of  loyalist 
stock,  his  father  having  taken  a  somewhat 
prominent  part  in  the  revolutionary  war  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  the  United  States. 
Mr.  Turnbull's  wife's  mother  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  Lieutenant  James  Harrison,  who  was 
also  a  loyalist,  and  who  came  to  this  pro- 
vince from  the  United  States.  He  has  a 
family  consisting  of  five  children  living, 
namely,  three  daughters  and  two  sons. 

Spraguc,  Tlioma*  Farmer,  M.D., 
Woodstock,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  on 
the  30th  of  August,  1856,  at  Brigus,  island 
of  Newfoundland.  He  is  a  son  of  the  Rev. 
S.  W.  Sprague  and  Jean  Manson  Sprague. 
Thomas  was  educated  at  Mount  Allison 
Academy,  Sackville,  New  Brunswick,  and  at 
the  Provincial  Normal  School.  After  leaving 
school  he  adopted  the  profession  of  teach- 
ing, which  he  successfully  followed  for  some 
years,  and  then,  in  1877,  moved  to  the  city 
of  New  York,  and  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine. He  entered  the  medical  department 
of  New  York  University,  and  successfully 
graduated  in  the  spring  of  1880  from  this 
institution.  Dr.  Sprague  then  removed  to 
Welsford,  in  New  Brunswick,  in  April  of  the 
I 


same  year,  and  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  He  remained  in  that  place  for 
:wo  years,  and  in  June,  1882,  went  to  Hart- 
land,  New  Brunswick,  where  he  stayed  until 
June,  1883,  and  then  took  up  his  abode  in 
Woodstock,  county  of  Carleton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, where  he  has  been  successfully  prac- 
ising  ever  since.  The  doctor  was  brought 
up  in  the  faith  as  taught  by  the  Wesleyan 
Methodists — his  father  being  a  clergyman 
of  that  church — and  he  has  seen  no  reason 
to  change  his  religious  belief  since  growing 
up  into  manhood.  He  married  on  the  17th 
of  June,  1884,  Loella  Nourse,  of  Boston, 
Mass. 

Gay  nor,  John  Jo§eph,  M.D.,  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  of  Irish 
parents,  at  Chatham,  New  Brunswick,  on 
the  19th  of  March,  1854.  They  were  edu- 
cated Irish  Catholics,  his  father  being  a 
native  of  the  county  Meath,  and  his  mother 
of  the  county  Clare,  Ireland.  They  might 
well  be  classed  as  Irish- Americans,  as  they 
were  both  brought  by  their  respective 
parents  to  this  country  while  yet  infants. 
Dr.  Gaynor's  father,  Thomas  Gaynor,  was 
educated  at  the  Grammar  School,  Chatham; 
and  his  mother,  Catharine  Buckley,  at  a 
seminary  for  young  ladies,  conducted  by  a 
Mrs.  Merry  at  Newcastle,  New  Brunswick. 
This  privilege,  so  exceptional  for  Irish 
Catholics  in  those  early  days,  was  doubt- 
less the  reason  which  determined  the  doc- 
tor's parents  to  bestow  in  turn  a  liberal  ed- 
ucation on  their  own  offspring.  On  his 
father's  side  Dr.  Gaynor  comes  of  the  best 
blood  of  historic  Meath,  being  a  descend- 
ant of  the  same  family  that  in  the  last  cen- 
tury produced  General  Hand,  of  revolution- 
ary fame  as  adjutant-general  to  Washing- 
ton during  the  war  of  American  Independ- 
ence, and  that  in  the  present  century  gave 
birth  to  such  eminent  churchmen  as  the 
late  Father  Hand,  founder  of  All  Hallows 
College,  Dublin,  and  the  present  patriotic 
Bishop  of  Meath,  the  illustrious  Dr.  Nulty. 
According  to  family  tradition  also,  one  of 
Dr.  Gaynor's  ancestors  fought  under  King 
James  at  the  ill-fated  battle  of  the  Boyne, 
and  was  killed  while  defending  the  "  Bridge 
of  Slane."  His  name,  the  same  tradition 
says,  was  Thomas  Gaynor.  While  on  his 
father's  side  Dr.  Gaynor  is  thus  descended 
from  a  liberty-loving  race,  on  his  mother's 
side  he  is  connected  with  that  aristocratic 
class  known  in  Ireland  as  k'  Castle  Catho- 
lics." His  mother,  who  was  born  at  Fer- 


146 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


hill  Castle,  Blackwater,  county  Clare,  was 
also  closely  allied  by  ties  of  blood  to  the 
famous  fighting  "  Goughs  of  Clare,"  whose 
name  is  historical  through  General  Gough, 
of  India  fame.  Dr.  Gaynor  is  the  eldest 
member  of  a  family  of  twelve,  eight  of  whom 
are  still  living.  One  of  his  brothers,  the 
Bev.  William  C.  Gaynor,  is  Koman  Catholic 
pastor  of  Richmond,  in  Carleton  county, 
New  Brunswick.  Father  Gaynor  is  a  writer 
of  great  power  on  theological  questions, 
and  is  the  author  of  "  Papal  Infallibility," 
published  in  1885,  and  of  a  Commentary 
in  Latin  on  the  Summa  Theologiea,  of 
Thomas  Aquinas,  now  in  press  in  Paris. 
Another  brother,  P.  A.  Gaynor,  is  a  mem- 
ber of  a  large  lumbering  house  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  is  now  in  the  Redwood  district 
of  California,  where  he  has  established  a 
branch  firm.  Dr.  Gaynor  was  educated 
partly  at  St.  Michael's  College,  Chatham, 
and  partly  at  St.  Joseph's  College,  Mem- 
ramcook.  In  the  former  institution  he 
studied  mathematics  and  the  exact  sciences 
under  the  most  distinguished  teacher  of  his 
day  in  New  Brunswick,  Thomas  Caulfield, 
M.A.,  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  His  sub- 
sequent studies  in  logic  and  metaphysics 
were  pursued  at  St.  Joseph's  College,  Mem- 
ramcook.  In  this  institution  he  taught  the 
higher  mathematics.  It  was  here  also  that 
in  1877  he  began  the  study  of  medicine 
under  the  preceptorship  of  Dr.  H.  E.  Boissy, 
resident  physician  to  St.  Joseph's,  and  lead- 
ing medical  practitioner  among  the  Aca- 
dians  of  New  Brunswick.  From  St.  Joseph's 
Dr.  Gaynor  went  in  1878  to  Buffalo,  New 
York.  There  he  attended  the  lectures  in 
the  medical  department  of  Buffalo  Univer- 
sity. He  followed  also  the  different  courses 
of  the  newly  established  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  in  the  same  city.  Grad- 
uating in  1881,  after  a  four  years'  course, 
he  carried  off  the  honours  of  his  class,  and 
was  immediately  offered  the  chair  of  chem- 
istry and  toxicology  in  his  alma  mater. 
This  honourable  position  he  declined  at  the 
instance  of  his  friends  in  New  Brunswick, 
and  immediately  returned  to  his  native  pro- 
vince. Shortly  after  his  return  he  read  by 
invitation  a  paper  on  "Chloroform  as  an 
Anaesthetic,"  before  the  Medical  Society  of 
New  Brunswick.  Establishing  himself  at 
DeBec,  Carleton  county,  he  soon  acquired 
a  lucrative  practice.  It  was  here  that  for 
the  first  time  in  the  history  of  medicine  in 
New  Brunswick  nitro- glycerine  was  employ- 


ed, by  Dr.  Gaynor,  for  remedial  purposes. 
Finding  that  his  sphere  of  labour  was  too 
circumscribed,  and  desirous  of  entering  in- 
to a  larger  field,  Dr.  Gaynor  removed,  in 

1884,  to  St.  John  city,  where  he  has  since 
resided.     On   February  20,   1884,  he   was 
united  in  the  bonds  of   holy   wedlock   to 
Nora  Costigan,  of  St.  John,  a  relative  of  the 
Hon.    John  Costigan,   Minister   of  Inland 
Revenue.     By  her  he  has  three  children — 
Walter  and  Frederick,  born  February  16, 

1885,  and  James,  born  August  28,   1886. 
During  his  vacations,  while  yet  a  medical 
student,  Dr.  Gaynor  travelled  extensively 
through  the  Northern,  Western,  and  Middle 
states,  spending  some  time  in  the  Oil  re- 
gions of  Pennsylvania,  and  at  the  watering 
places  on  the  Atlantic  coast.     In  politics 
he  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  with  no  love, 
however,    for   tor y  ism   as  it   exists  in   the 
mother  country.     The  descendant  of  a  fam- 
ily that  fought  and  bled  for  human  liberty, 
he  is  naturally  a  liberal  in  sentiment  and 
aspiration.     It  is  his  belief,  however,  that 
so  far  as  principles  are  concerned,  there  is 
no  essential  difference  between  the  Conser- 
vative party  led  by  Sir  John  Macdonald 
and  the  Liberal  party  led  by  Edward  Blake. 
It  is  tweedle-dum   and  tweedle-dee  ;    and 
in  the  end  the  people  always  rule.     Such 
being  his  opinion  of  the  two  great  politi- 
cal parties  into  which  the  Canadian  people 
are  divided,  Dr.  Gaynor  has   pronounced 
views  as  to  the  position  which  his  Irish 
Catholic  co-religionists  should  take  in  do- 
minion politics.     They  should,  he  believes, 
adopt  Parn ell's  famous  motto,  Support  the 
party  which  does  the  most  for  you.     They 
would  thus  as  a  body  be  bound  to  neither 
political  party,   and  would  gravitate  from 
one  to  the  other  consistently  with  the  fair 
or  unfair,   just  or  unjust,  treatment  they 
might  receive  from  either  party.     Outside 
his   native   province   Dr.    Gaynor   is   best 
known  as  a  writer  on  materia  medica.     He 
has  made  a  specialty  of  the  study  of  new 
drugs;  and  his  art:'(ves  in  the  "  Investigator'* 
— a  medical  monthly  of  Buffalo — on  this 
and   kindred   subjects,  have   attracted  un- 
usual attention  from  the  medical  profession 
in  America.     He  also  wrote  and  published 
in  the  same  journal  a  series  of  articles  in 
explanation  and  defence  of  the  Catholic  doc- 
trine on  craniotomy.     In  those  articles  he 
triumphantly   refuted    all   the    objections 
brought  forward   by  his  adversaries,    and 
abundantly  proved,  in  defence  of  the  Oath- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


147 


olic  position,  that  the  rational  soul  animates 
the  human  f oetus  from  the  very  first  moment 
of  conception,  and  that  consequently  it  is 
as  great  a  violation  of  divine  law  to  destroy 
the  living  embryo  as  it  would  be  to  murder 
the  new-born  child.  Dr.  Gaynor's  views 
of  medical  practice  are  wide  and  compre- 
hensive. His  motto  as  regards  remedial 
agents  is: 

"  Seek  the  best  where'er  'tis  found, 
On  Christian  earth  or  pagan  ground." 

Yet  he  is  not  an  eclectic  in  the  narrow  sense 
of  the  word,  which  is  now  practically  syno- 
nymous with  homoeopath.  A  thorough 
knowledge  of  anatomy,  a  complete  ac- 
quaintance with  the  physiological  effect  of 
every  drug  or  remedy,  a  no  less  complete 
acquaintance  with  pathology,  and  a  virility 
of  character  sufficient  to  elevate  the  mind 
above  the  crude  ideas  of  past  generations, 
whether  sanctioned  by  usage  or  made  sacred 
by  great  names,  must  in  future,  he  con- 
tends, be  characteristics  of  the  successful 
medical  practitioner.  A  determined  op- 
ponent of  everything  irrational  or  unintel- 
ligent in  medicine,  Dr.  Gaynor  has  ever 
raised  his  voice  against  that  hit-or-miss 
method,  facetiously  yet  correctly  styled 
"  shot-gun  practice,"  which  combines,  for 
example,  in  one  prescription  three,  four,  or 
six  different  remedies,  with  the  hope  that 
if  one  misses  some  of  the  others  will  touch 
the  target.  He  is,  by  consequence,  a  strong 
believer  in  the  single  remedy  in  every  pre- 
scription. Dr.  Gaynor  is  also  a  specialist 
in  gynecology,  his  practice  in  St.  John  being 
almost  limited  to  this  department  of  his 
profession.  He  resides  at  number  2  Ger- 
main street. 

de  Mart  itfiiy,  Adclard  L,e  Moj ne, 
Notary  and  Cashier  of  La  Banque  Jacques 
Cartier,  Montreal,  was  born  at  Varennes, 
on  the  25th  of  December,  1826.  He  is  the 
son  of  Jacques  Le  Moyne  de  Martigny, 
seigneur  of  de  Martigny,  St.  Michel  and 
La  Trinite,  and  of  Dame  Suzanne  Ele'onore 
Perrault,  daughter  of  the  late  Frangois 
Perrault,  prothonotary  of  the  Superior 
Court  at  Quebec.  Mr.  de  Martigny  is  de- 
scended from  that  distinguished  family  of 
Le  Moyne,  who  arrived  in  this  country  in 
16  J,  of  whom  were  the  de  Longueuil,  de 
Ste.  Helene,  d'Iberville,  de  Bienville,  de 
Chateauguay,  de  Sevigny,  and  de  Mari- 
court;  one  of  his  ancestors,  J.  B.  Le  Moyne 
de  Martigny,  was  at  the  capture  of  Fort 


Bourbon  by  d'Iberville,  and  was  left  there 
as  commander  of  that  fort.  Having  ter- 
minated his  classical  studies  at  the  Mont- 
real College,  under  the  gentlemen  of  the 
Seminary  of  St.  Sulpice,  he  studied  law 
under  J.  N.  A.  Archambault,  notary,  at 
Varennes,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
January,  1848.  In  August,  1856,  he  was 
appointed  registrar  of  the  county  of  Beau- 
harnois;  and  in  1871  manager  of  the  branch 
of  the  Merchants  Bank  of  Canada,  estab- 
lished in  the  town  of  Beauharnois.  He, 
however,  resigned  these  different  positions 
to  accept  the  one  as  manager  of  Le  Credit 
Fonder  du  Bas  Canada  in  1875;  and  final- 
ly he  was  offered  the  position  of  cashier  of 
La  Banque  Jacques  Cartier  in  Montreal 
in  1877,  which  he  accepted  and  still  occupies. 
He  is  one  of  the  executors  of  the  estate  of 
the  late  Hon.  Charles  Wilson.  Mr.  de  Mar- 
tigny is  one  of  the  owners  of  a  large  asbes- 
tos estate  in  Coleraine,  Megantic  county, 
and  one  of  the  proprietors  of  a  pulp  and 
paper  mill  in  Sorel,  and  was  president  of 
the  Joliette  Railroad  Company  at  the  time 
of  the  sale  of  that  road  to  the  government. 
In  1855  he  married  Aglae'  Globensky, 
daughter  of  Lieut.-Colonel  Globensky,  one 
of  the  officers  under  Colonel  de  Salaberry, 
at  the  battle  of  Chateauguay.  He  has  four 
sons  by  this  marriage,  one  of  them,  the  old- 
est, Louis  Le  Moyne  de  Martigny,  is  man- 
ager of  the  Jacques  Cartier  Bank  at  Sala- 
berry de  Valleyfield.  He  was  married  again 
to  his  first  cousin,  Marie  Malvina  Le 
Moyne  de  Martigny,  daughter  of  Hugues 
Le  Moyne  de  Martigny,  seigneur  of  de 
Ramezay  and  Bourgchemin. 

Kogeri,  Henry  Cassady,  Postmas- 
ter, Peterboro',  Ontario,  was  born  at  Graf- 
ton,  Northumberland  county,  Ontario,  on 
the  16th  of  July,  1839.  He  is  the  second 
son  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  James  G.  Rogers 
and  his  first  wife,  Maria  Burnham.  His 
father  died  at  his  residence  in  Grafton  on 
the  27th  of  November,  1874,  in  his  seven- 
tieth year,  greatly  regretted  by  all  who 
knew  him.  He  (J.  G.  Rogers)  came  to 
Grafton  with  his  parents  from  the  village 
of  Brighton,  his  birthplace,  when  he  was 
only  five  years  of  age,  and  his  life  was 
spent  amidst  a  people  many  of  whom  were 
the  contemporaries  of  his  youth.  He  was 
an  upright  magistrate  and  a  sincere  Chris- 
tian. His  grandfather,  David  McGregor 
Rogers,  was  a  U.  E.  loyalist,  who  came 
to  this  country  from  New  England  with  the 


148 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


first  loyalists  after  the  termination  of  the 
revolutionary  war  in  1776.  He  settled  first 
on  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  afterwards  moving 
to  Presqu'Isle,  and  finally  to  the  township 
of  Haldimand  (now  the  village  of  Grafton), 
where  he  opened  the  first  post-office  between 
Kingston  and  York  (now  Toronto),  and 
where  three  generations  of  the  family  have 
been  born.  The  homestead  is  now  occupied 
by  his  brother,  Lieut. -Col.  R.  Z.  Eogers, 
commanding  the  40th  battalion.  He  (D. 
McG.  Rogers)  was  for  twenty-four  years 
a  member  of  the  Upper  Canada  legislature ; 
and  died  on  the  13th  July,  1824,  in  the 
fifty-third  year  of  his  age.  In  his  political 
opinions  he  was  a  warm  admirer  of  the 
British  constitution,  and  during  the  time 
he  sat  in  the  legislature  no  member  guarded 
the  rights  and  interests  of  the  people  more 
zealously  than  he  did.  His  great-grand- 
father was  the  famous  Col.  Eogers  of  "  Ro- 
ger's Rangers,"  who  was  a  man  of  note  dur- 
ing the  last  century, — best  known  as  Major 
Rogers.  He  first  became  famous  as  a  scout 
in  the  Indian  troubles.  His  exploits  fur- 
nished Fenimore  Cooper  with  the  ground- 
work of  his  tales  of  the  "  Leather-stocking," 
and  "  Horrors  of  the  Backwoods."  He  was 
commissioned  to  raise  and  organize  a  regi- 
ment of  scouts  during  the  French  war. 
This  corps  rendered  valuable  service  at  the 
taking  of  Canada  from  the  French,  and  on 
its  surrender  Rogers  was  entrusted  by  the 
commander-in-chief  with  the  arduous  duty 
of  proceeding  west  from  Montreal,  and  tak- 
ing possession  in  the  name  of  the  king  of 
Great  Britain,  of  the  country  including 
forts  Frontenac  (Kingston),  Niagara,  De- 
troit, Pittsburgh,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  etc.,  as 
far  as  the  Mississippi  in  the  west  and 
Lake  Superior  north.  He  had  therefore 
the  honour  of  commanding  the  first  British 
expedition  that  passed  through  the  great 
chain  of  lakes,  interesting  accounts  of  which 
may  be  found  in  his  "  Journal,"  published 
in  London,  England,  in  1765;  "  Heely's 
Wolfe  in  Canada,"  "  Parkman's  Con- 
spiracy of  Pontiac,"  chap.  vi. ;  and  many 
others.  The  Rangers  were  re-organized  on 
the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion  in  1766, 
by  a  brother  of  the  above  Colonel  James 
Rogers  who  commanded  at  St.  Johns,  Que- 
bec (the  key  of  Canada  as  it  was  then 
called),  and  were  called  the  "Queen's 
Rangers,"  but  many  of  the  leading  spirits 
joined  the  rebels,  among  others  Putnam 
and  Stark,  who  were  lieutenants  in  the 


Rangers,  and  who  became  celebrated  gen- 
erals in  the  American  army.  Great  induce- 
ments were  offered  the  Rogers  to  join 
Washington,  but  they  remained  staunch  to 
the  Crown,  for  which  they  not  only  lost 
their  homes  and  possessions  (some  30,000 
acres  of  land  in  New  England),  but  had 
their  good  name  calumniated,  being  called 
traitors  and  spies  by  the  partisan  press  of 
the  revolutionists.  The  mother  of  H.  C. 
Rogers  was  third  daughter  of  the  late  Hon. 
Zaccheus  Burnham,  of  Cobourg,  who  came 
to  Cobourg  with  his  four  brothers  from  New 
Hampshire  at  the  end  of  the  last  century, 
and  who  carved  out  homes  and  affluence 
from  the  forest,  and  left  a  large  circle  of 
descendants  who  are  filling  many  positions 
of  trust  and  honour  throughout  the  Do- 
minion. Henry  Cassady  Rogers,  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch,  received  his  primary  edu- 
cation in  the  public  school  at  Grafton;  then 
when  twelve  years  of  age  he  was  sent  to 
the  Model  School  at  Toronto,  and  finally  to 
the  Grammar  School  at  Kingston  where  he 
graduated.  He  then  apprenticed  himself 
to  his  uncle,  the  late  Lieut. -Colonel  R.  D. 
Rogers,  of  Ashburnham,  who  learned  him 
how  to  conduct  a  commercial  business,  and 
with  this  uncle  he  remained  from  1855  to 
1860.  He  then  went  into  business  in  Pe- 
terboro'  with  his  brother-in-law,  Harry 
Strickland,  son  of  Colonel  Strickland,  of 
Lakefield,  and  for  ten  years  they  carried  on 
a  successful  mercantile  lumbering  and  min- 
ing business  under  the  name  of  Strickland 
&  Rogers.  In  1871  Mr.  Rogers  retired 
from  the  firm  and  was  made  postmaster  of 
Peterboro',  which  office  he  now  fills  with 
satisfaction  to  the  public.  Mr.  Rogers  has 
inherited  from  his  illustrious  ancestors  a 
love  of  military  life,  and  when  only  sixteen 
years  of  age,  on  the  Rifle  company  being 
formed  at  Peterboro'  in  1855,  he  joined  that 
corps;  and  in  1866,  on  the  promotion  of 
Captain  Poole,  he  was  given  command  of 
the  company,  and  acted  as  its  captain  dur- 
ing the  various  Fenian  raids  of  that  period. 
In  1867,  when  the  57th  battalion  was 
formed,  he  and  his  companions  became  No. 
1  company  of  the  battalion.  In  this  con- 
nection, we  may  here  say,  that  his  brother, 
Lieut. -Colonel  Robert  Z.  Rogers,  com- 
mands the  40th  (Northumberland)  battal- 
ion; and  his  cousin,  Lieut.-Colonel  James 
Z.  Rogers,  the  57th  battalion  Peterboro' 
Rangers.  In  1872  he  raised  and  command- 
ed the  Peterboro'  Cavalry  troop,  which  now 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


149 


forms  C  troop  of  the  3rd  Prince  of  Wales 
Canadian  Dragoons.  Mr.  Rogers  is  an  ac- 
tive member  of  the  Masonic  brotherhood, 
and  belongs  to  Corinthian  lodge,  No.  101, 
Peterboro'.  He  crossed  the  Atlantic  in 
1862,  and  made  himself  familiar  with  many 
cities  of  the  old  world.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Liberal-Conservative ;  and  in  religious  mat- 
ters he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Episcopal 
church.  In  1863  he  was  married  at  Smith's 
Falls,  to  Maria,  eldest  daughter  of  Dr.  W. 
H.  Burritt,  a  scion  of  an  old  U.  E.  loyalist 
family  of  the  Kideau,  who  settled  at  Bur- 
ritt's  Rapids  many  years  ago. 

Y\il§oit,  J.  CJ.,  M.  P.  for  Argenteuil, 
Manufacturer,  Montreal,  was  born  on  the 
19th  of  July,  1841,  near  Rasharkin,  couuty 
of  Antrim,  Ireland,  and  came  to  Montreal 
with  his  parents  in  September,  1842,  and 
near  this  city  the  family  settled.  His  father, 
Samuel  Wilson,  belonged  to  a  numerous 
family  of  farmers  and  artisans  in  Antrim 
county ;  and  his  mother,  Elizabeth  Crocket, 
was  descended  from  similar  stock.  Her  fore- 
fathers were  of  a  roving  disposition,  and 
their  descendants  are  scattered  all  over  the 
British  colonies.  Both  Mr.  Wilson's  par- 
ents were  religious  people,  and  held  a  pro- 
minent position  in  the  church.  His  mother 
died  at  an  early  age  from  the  excessive  hard- 
ships she  had  to  endure  in  the  vicinity  of 
Montreal,  as  a  pioneer  settler.  His  father, 
as  a  youth,  received  no  training  as  an  arti- 
san, yet  having  a  natural  talent  for  using 
tools,  he  adopted  the  trade  of  carpenter,  and 
in  a  very  few  years  thereafter  became  an 
expert  mechanic.  He  designed  and  made 
the  first  railway  snow-plough  used  in  Can- 
ada, and  from  his  model  the  plough  now 
used  is  still  made.  He  entered  the  employ 
of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  Company,  and 
up  to  the  time  of  his  death  was  engaged  by 
that  company  in  building  their  cars.  He 
was  a  very  industrious  man,  and  in  the 
evenings,  after  leaving  his  usual  work,  fre- 
quently spent  hours  in  his  own  workshop 
in  his  house  at  his  lathe  and  bench,  making 
furniture  for  himself  and  his  neighbours. 
James,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  edu- 
cated by  an  old-fashioned  schoolmaster  in 
the  rudiments  of  learning,  and  had  to  work 
for  a  living  at  a  very  early  age.  He  was 
apprenticed  to  mechanical  engineering  in 
1853,  and  until  1856  he  worked  at  his  trade, 
when,  having  met  with  an  accident  that  in- 
jured his  right  arm,  he  had  to  give  up  the 
trade  of  a  mechanical  engineer  Mr.  Wilson 


now  shows  with  pride  some  fine  machinist's 
tools  he  made  when  he  was  an  apprentice. 
On  recovering  from  his  injuries,  a  kind 
friend  observing  the  talents  and  persever- 
ance of  the  lad,  sent  him  to  the  Model 
School,  and  from  there  to  the  McGill  Nor- 
mal School  in  Montreal,  and  in  July,  1859, 
he  graduated  as  a  teacher.  In  1859  he  re- 
moved to  Beauharnois,  and  taught  the  dis- 
sentient school  in  that  town  until  1862,  when 
he  moved  west  to  Belleville,  where  he  clerked 
until  December  of  that  year,  when  he  moved 
to  Toronto,  and  accepted  the  position  of 
clerk  in  the  office  of  a  wholesale  news  com- 
pany. In  1863  he  went  to  New  York,  and 
from  November  of  that  year  until  January, 
1867,  he  had  the  management  of  the  pub- 
lishing house  of  T.  W.  Strong,  of  that  city, 
and  through  his  perseverance  and  industry 
gained  the  highest  rung  of  the  ladder  of  for- 
tune in  Mr.  Strong's  establishment.  While 
Mr.  Wilson  resided  in  New  York  he  was  a 
great  favourite  among  the  Canadians  visit- 
ing there,  and  helped  many  of  them  when 
they  were  in  need.  A  deep-seated  love  for 
Canada,  and  a  special  inducement  brought 
him  again  back  to  Montreal  in  January, 
1867,  and  he  at  once  assumed  the  position 
of  cashier  and  bookkeeper  in  the  office  of 
Angus,  Logan  &  Co.,  paper  manufacturers 
(now  the  Canada  Paper  Co. )  He  remained 
with  this  firm  until  September,  1870,  when 
he  went  into  business  on  his  own  account. 
He  began  the  manufacture  of  paper  bags 
by  machinery,  and  was  the  first  in  Canada 
to  supply  the  grocers  all  over  the  Dominion 
with  this  very  useful  article.  This  prov- 
ing, by  energy  and  ability,  a  prosperous 
business,  in  1880  he  built  a  large  paper 
mill  at  Lachute,  province  of  Quebec,  and 
in  1885  had  to  double  its  power  so  as 
to  be  able  to  make  six  tons  of  paper  per 
day.  In  1880  Mr.  Wilson  was  elected  an 
alderman  for  the  city  of  Montreal,  and  was 
again  returned  by  acclamation  in  1883.  For 
six  years  he  represented  St.  Lawrence  ward 
in  the  city  council,  and  for  four  years  was 
chairman  of  the  light  committee.  He  was 
president  of  the  Fish  and  Game  Protection 
Club  of  the  province  of  Quebec  for  two 
years;  president  of  the  Irish  Protestant 
Benevolent  Society  for  two  years;  and  has 
occupied  the  principal  chairs  in  several  other 
societies  in  Montreal.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  life 
governor  and  vice-president  of  the  Mont- 
real Dispensary ;  a  governor  of  the  Protest- 
ant Insane  Asylums  of  the  province  of  Que- 


150 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


bee;  one  of  the  board  of  Protestant  School 
Commissioners  of  Montreal;  principal  and 
head  of  the  firm  of  J.  C.  Wilson  &  Co., 
paper  and  paper-bag  makers,  Montreal; 
and  at  the  general  elections  held  February 
22,  1887,  he  was  elected  to  represent  the 
county  of  Argenteuil,  province  of  Quebec, 
in  the  House  of  Commons  at  Ottawa.  Mr. 
Wilson  is  an  ardent  fisherman,  fond  of  lakes 
and  brooks,  and  never  hesitates  to  drive 
thirty  or  forty  miles  over  a  rough  road  to 
enjoy  a  few  hours'  trout-fishing,  and  tho- 
roughly enjoys  camp  life.  In  business  he 
is  active,  pushing,  hard-working,  and  far- 
seeing  in  his  plans,  and  never  puts  off  until 
to-morrow  what  can  be  done  to-day.  With 
his  employees  he  is  a  favourite,  and  is  looked 
upon  by  them  as  most  generous  and  kind. 
Mr.  Wilson  has  adopted  as  his  motto,  "  It 
pays  to  think."  In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal- 
Conservative,  and  in  religion  an  adherent  of 
the  Presbyterian  form  of  worship.  On  the 
6th  of  November,  1865,  he  married  Jeanie, 
third  daughter  of  the- late  William  Kilgour, 
of  Beauharnois,  province  of  Quebec,  and 
has  a  family  of  five  children — three  sons 
and  two  daughters. 

Wcddcrburn,  Hon  William,  Q.C., 
Hampton,  Judge  of  the  County  Courts  of 
Kings  and  Albert  counties,  New  Brunswick, 
was  born  at  St.  John,  October  12,  1834. 
He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Alexander  Wedder- 
burn,  of  Aberdeen,  Scotland.  Imperial  emi- 
gration agent  at  St.  John,  New  Brunswick, 
and  Jane  Heaviside,  of  London,  England. 
His  father  was  the  author  of  several  pamph- 
lets and  letters  on  important  public  affairs. 
Judge  Wedderburn  was  educated  at  the 
St.  John  Grammar  School,  and  entered  as 
a  student  for  the  profession  of  the  law  in 
the  office  of  the  Hon.  John  H.  Gray,  (now 
judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  British  Co- 
lumbia); was  called  to  the  bar  in  1858, 
and  created  a  Queen's  counsel  in  1873. 
"Until  he  entered  political  life  he  enjoyed  a 
very  large  and  leading  law  practice.  For 
several  years  he  was  intimately  connected 
with  the  press  as  a  contributor  and  editor, 
and  in  both  capacities,  as  well  as  on  the 
platform,  took  a  very  prominent  and  pro- 
nounced stand  in  favour  of  the  confederation 
of  the  provinces.  *  At  the  general  elections 
of  1870  he  first  presented  himself  for  par- 
liamentary honours,  and  was  returned  for 
the  city  of  St.  John  to  the  New  Brunswick 
legislature.  In  1874  he  was  re-elected  by 
a  very  large  vote;  and  again  in  1878  he  was 


honoured  by  re-election.  While  in  parlia- 
ment he  took  a  very  prominent  part  in  the 
discussions  before  the  house,  and  was  the 
author  and  promoter  of  a  series  of  resolu- 
tions in  favour  of  "  better  terms  "  for  New 
Brunswick,  and  was  afterwards  delegated 
on  several  occasions  to  go  to  Ottawa  on  this 
subject.  The  result  of  the  agitation  was  a 
very  large  increase  to  the  income  of  the  pro- 
vince, secured  with  other  advantages  when 
the  delegates  pressed  the  matter  finally  and 
with  effect  upon  the  settlement  of  the  ex- 
port duty  question  during  the  discussion  of 
the  Washington  treaty.  Mr.  Wedderburn 
was  also  the  author  and  mover  of  the  famous 
resolutions — known  and  published  through- 
out the  election  as  the  "  Wedderburn  reso- 
lutions " — on  which  the  School  bill  contest 
in  1874  was  conducted,  re-affirming  the 
principle  of  the  School  law,  and  protesting 
against  any  interference  by  the  parliament 
of  Canada  on  the  subject.  Very  many  laws 
wfere  added  to  the  Statute  Book  upon  his 
motion.  On  February  18,  1876,  he  was 
elected  speaker  of  the  House  of  Assembly 
by  acclamation,  and  while  holding  this  office 
he  was  requested  to  report  a  code  of  laws 
for  the  government  of  the  house  during 
business  and  in  committee.  The  rules  at 
this  time  were  very  few  and  incomplete, 
and  quite  behind  the  age.  At  the  follow- 
ing session  he  reported  to  the  house.  Tak- 
ing the  practice  of  the  Imperial  and  Cana- 
dian Houses  of  Commons,  and  the  rules  of 
parliament,  and  of  the  different  legislatures 
of  the  provinces, — the  report  provided  a 
full  and  complete  course  of  procedure.  Af- 
ter full  discussion  during  that  and  the  fol- 
lowing session  the  whole  of  the  rules  were 
adopted  with  very  little,  if  any,  material 
amendment.  The  committee  reported  a 
grant  of  five  hundred  dollars  to  the  speaker 
for  his  work — which  had,  of  course,  been 
prepared  without  charge.  Mr.  Wedderburn 
ranked  high  as  a  parliamentary  authority, 
and  is  thought  not  to  have  been  excelled  in 
the  chair.  At  the  close  of  the  term  of  the 
Assembly,  the  leader  of  the  opposition,  in  a 
very  complimentary  speech,  moved  the 
thanks  of  the  House  to  Mr.  Speaker  for  his 
ability,  etc.,  in  the  government  of  the  house. 
The  premier  (now  Judge  King)  seconded 
the  motion,  rnd  highly  eulogized  the  Speak- 
er, and  concluded  by  saying  that  "if  he 
(Mr.  Wedderburn)  had  not  been  so  good  a 
Speaker,  he  (Mr.  King)  would  have  been  a 
better  parliamentarian."  Immediately  after 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


151 


this,  Hon.  Mr.  Wedderburn  was  appointed 
to  the  office  of  provincial .  secretary,  and 
this  office  he  held  until  he  accepted  the 
position  of  judge  of  the  County  Courts  of 
Kings  and  Albert.  He  twice  refused  a 
seat  in  the  government  of  1870,  and  the  ap 
pointment  of  commissioner  to  consolidate 
the  provincial  statutes.  He  has  been  promi- 
nently identified  with  the  temperance  move- 
ment, and  has  filled  various  important  posi- 
tions in  this  army  of  moral  reform,  among 
others  that  of  grand  worthy  patriarch  of  the 
Grand  Division  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  of 
New  Brunswick.  He  was  president  of  the 
Mechanics'  Institute  of  St.  John  for  three 
years  consecutively,  1869-72,  as  well  as 
holding  other  offices  in  the  institute.  He  was 
first  president  of  the  Provincial  Board  of 
Agriculture,  created  by  a  law  passed  by  the 
government  of  which  he  was  a  member,  and 
the  address  delivered  by  him  at  the  in- 
auguration of  the  board  was  greatly  com- 
plimented, and  published  or  largely  quoted 
in  English  and  French  throughout  Canada 
and  in  the  United  states.  And  it  was  largely 
through  his  means  that  the  stock  farm  was 
undertaken  by  the  government.  Hon.  Mr. 
Wedderburn  has  been  speaker,  orator,  and 
lecturer  on  many  important  public  and  pri- 
vate occasions,  commanding  the  close  at- 
tention of  his  auditors  at  all  times  by  his 
eloquent,  powerful  and  ornate  deliverances. 
Among  his  efforts  in  this  direction  may  be 
mentioned  his  address  at  the  memorial  ser- 
vices held  in  the  city  of  St.  John  for  Presi- 
dent Lincoln;  his  oration  as  provincial  sec- 
retary at  the  memorial  services  of  President 
Garfield;  at  the  laying  the  corner  stone  of 
the  Masonic  Temple  in  St.  John;  at  the 
ceremonial  in  celebration  of  the  Centennial 
of  the  introduction  of  Freemasonry  into 
New  Brunswick;  his  great  lecture  on  "  Colin 
Campbell,"  in  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  on 
behalf  of  the  volunteers  during  the  Fenian 
troubles ;  and  his  brilliant  oration,  delivered 
by  request  of  the  city  corporation  of  St. 
John,  upon  the  Centennial  celebration  of 
the  landing  of  the  loyalists  in  New  Bruns- 
wick. Many  others  might  be  mentioned. 
Judge  Wedderburn  has  always  been  promi- 
nently identified  with  the  fraternity  of  Free 
and  Accepted  Masons.  He  was  initiated  in 
St.  John's  lodge,  of  St.  John,  June  19,  1857, 
and  was  senior  warden  in  1860,  and  wor- 
shipful master  in  1862  and  1863.  The 
capitular  degrees  were  received  in  the  New 
Brunswick  Royal  Arch  Chapter.  He  was 


the  first  of,  and  the  most  prominent  among, 
those  who  advocated  the  erection  of  an  in- 
dependent Grand  Lodge  in  and  for  New 
Brunswick;  promoting  the  movement  by 
his  voice  and  pen,  particularly  by  the  lat- 
ter in  the  columns  of  the  Masonic  Mirror, 
the  organ  of  the  order,  and  of  which  he  was 
the  editor.  At  the  formation  of  the  Grand 
Lodge,  October,  1867,  he  was  unanimously 
elected  deputy  grand  master,  in  which  po- 
sition he  continued  up  to  1870,  when  he  was 
elected  grand  master,  and  occupied  the 
latter  office  for  two  years.  Although  the 
removal  of  his  residence  to  his  villa  at 
Hampton,  Kings  county,  and  the  prosecu- 
tion of  his  judicial  functions  have  drawn 
him  away  from  active  participation  in  the 
work  of  the  craft,  nevertheless  he  continues 
to  retain  his  membership  in  the  lodge,  and 
to  preserve  a  warm  interest  in  the  prosper- 
ity of  the  brotherhood.  The  editor  of  the 
Parliamentary  Practice  thus  refers  to  him 
when  he  was  provincial  secretary : — "  Upon 
the  floor  of  the  House  he  was  a  leading 
spirit;  eloquent  and  argumentative,  a  keen 
debater,  and  a  master  of  sarcasm."  Judge 
Wedderburn  is  married  to  Jeannie,  daughter 
of  the  late  C.  C.  Vaughan,  of  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick, 

Steeve§,  James  TIioma§,  M.D., 
Superintendent  of  the  Provincial  Lunatic 
Asylum,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  was 
born  at  Hillsborough,  Albert  county,  N.B., 
on  the  25th  of  January,  1828.  He  is  a 
brother  of  the  late  Hon.  W.  H.  Steeves, 
senator,  and  one  of  the  delegates  or  found- 
ers of  Canadian  confederation;  and  is  of 
German  ancestry.  His  great-grandfather 
was  born  in  Osnaburgh,  Germany,  whence 
he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and  his  grand- 
father, the  Eev.  Henry  Steeves,  removed 
thence  to  Albert  county,  N.B.,  about  the 
beginning  of  the  present  century.  Dr. 
Steeves  is  a  Baptist  in  religion,  as  all  his 
fathers  were;  in  fact  "his  fathers"  were 
the  pioneers  in  disseminating  Baptist  doc- 
trines over  a  large  portion  of  the  province. 
His  literary  education  was  obtained  at  the 
Grammar  School  at  Hillsborough,  at  Sack- 
ville  Academy,  and  finally  at  the  Baptist 
Seminary,  Fredericton,  under  the  late  Dr. 
Spurden.  After  the  completion  of  his  liter- 
ary course,  he  entered  upon  the  study  of 
medicine  at  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  Col- 
lege,— attracted  by  the  famous  surgeon, 
Valentine  Mott, — the  following  year  he 
matriculated  at  the  University  of  New  York, 


152 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1853.     From 
the  medical  faculty  of  the  university  he  re- 
ceived a  certificate  of  honour  for  proficiency 
and  for  having  pursued  a  more  extended 
course  of  instruction  than  that  required  by 
the  college  curriculum.     TV)  June,  1854,  the 
doctor  established  himself  in  Portland,  St. 
John,  N.B.,  and  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession.     After  the  lapse  of  a  few 
weeks  Asiatic  cholera  made  its  appearance 
there  in  all  its  terribleness,  spreading  dismay 
and  death  on  every  hand.     During  the  pre- 
valence of  this  fearful  scourge,  extending 
over  a  period  upwards  of  four  months,  Dr. 
Steeves,  by  his  unswerving  fidelity  to  his 
professional   duties   under    every   circum- 
stance, and  his  good  measure  of  success, 
fairly  placed  himself  among   the   leading 
physicians  of  New  Brunswick.     In  1864  he 
removed  to  the  city  of  St.  John  and  erected 
the  fine  block  of  four  brick  and  stone  build- 
ings situated  on  the  corner  of  Wellington 
Row  and  Union  street,  which  escaped  the 
great  fire  of  1877,  and  still  stand  as  a  mon- 
ument to  his  success  and  enterprise,  and 
where  he  resided  until  1875.     On  the  open- 
ing of  the  General  Public  Hospital  in  1864, 
the  doctor  was  appointed  upon  the  staff  of 
visiting  surgeons,  and  was  the  last  of  the 
original  staff  retiring.     When  the  late  Dr. 
J.  Waddell  was  about  retiring  from  the 
superintendency  of  the  Provincial  Lunatic 
Asylum,  Dr.  Steeves  was  recommended  by 
his  professional  brethren  almost  as  a  body, 
as  a  suitable  successor  for  the    position. 
Under  the  management  of  Dr.  Waddell  the 
asylum  for  the  insane  had  attained  a  high 
position  for  successful  work;  and  since  un- 
der the  present  administration  it  has  not 
lost  a  whit,  but  has  kept  fully  abreast  with  | 
the  various  modern  improvements  incident 
to    asylum    treatment    everywhere.      Dr. 
Steeves  is  a  strong  advocate  for  segregation, 
pavilion  accommodation,  and  employment 
for  the  insane.     By  means  of  his  advocacy 
with  pen  and  voice,  he  has  induced  the  gov-  ! 
eminent  of  New  Brunswick  to  purchase  a 
large  farm,  and  to  erect  thereon  a  group  of 
pavilions  for  the  care  and  employment  of  a  j 
suitable    number    and  class   of   the   most  j 
healthy,    indigent     and     pauper     insane. 
The  establishment  is  in  full  working  con- 
dition, and  is  regarded  as  a  complete  suc- 
cess, in  that  it  is  far  better  than  the  old  j 
hospital  system  for  this  class  of  patients, 
giving  them  more  freedom   and  out-door  | 
work,  and   that  it  is  far  more  economical  ' 


both  in  buildings  and  maintenance.  Dr. 
Steeves  was  elected  a  member  of  the  first 
medical  council  of  New  Brunswick  on  the 
introduction  of  the  English  Medical  Regis- 
tration Act  in  1860.  He  has  occupied  the 
position  of  vice-president  of  the  Canada 
Medical  Association;  he  is  an  honorary 
member  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion; he  was  elected  unanimously  first  pre- 
sident of  the  New  Brunswick  Medical  So- 
ciety under  the  New  Brunswick  Medical 
Act  of  1880;  and  is  past  president  of  the 
New  Brunswick  Medical  Council.  The  Dr. 
was  married  to  M.  A.  McMann,  daughter 
of  the  late  Captain  L.  McMann,  of  the  city 
of  St.  John,  in  May,  1856;  by  whom  he 
had  born  nine  children.  The  eldest  son,. 
Frank  H.  Steeves,  M.D.,  a  very  promising 
young  man,  graduated  in  medicine  at  Belle- 
vue  Hospital  College,  N.Y.,  and  soon  after 
went  to  St.  Thomas  Hospital  College,  Lon- 
don, England,  in  1880,  to  further  pursue 
medical  studies.  There  he  contracted  acute 
phthisis,  to  which  disease  he  succumbed  in 
March,  1882.  The  second  son,  J.  A.  E. 
Steeves,  A.M.,  M.D..  is  the  assistant  phy- 
sician in  the  Provincial  Lunatic  Asylum, 
St.  John,  at  the  present  time. 

Tan  Wyck,  Rev.  James,  Pastor  of 
the  Euclid  Avenue  Methodist  Church,  To- 
ronto, was  born  in  Stamford  village,  in  the 
county  of  Welland,  Ontario,  on  the  16th  of 
May,  1846.  He  is  descended  on  his  father' » 
side  from  an  old  Dutch  family,  who  many 
centuries  ago  were  seigniors  of  Wyck  in 
Holland,  but  through  political  intrigue  lost 
their  feudal  rights.  The  first  Van  Wyck  in 
America  emigrated  from  Holland  in  1660, 
and  he  and  his  son  Theodoras  took  the  oath 
of  allegiance  to  the  British  government  in 
1681.  Since  then  the  family  has  multiplied 
considerably,  and  is  now  scattered  through- 
out the  United  States,  many  of  them  filling 
important  positions,  both  in  church  and 
state.  Rev.  Mr.  Van  Wyck's  grandfather 
was  the  only  one  of  this  name  who  came  to 
Canada,  to  make  for  himself  a  home,  and 
he  settled  in  the  Niagara  peninsula,  where 
Daniel  Van  Wyck,  the  father  of  the  subject 
of  our  sketch,  was  born,  on  the  7th  of  Octo- 
ber, 1812,  his  mother  being  Nancy  Kilman. 
Daniel  Van  Wyck  was  a  farmer,  a  man  of 
good  judgment  and  sterling  integrity,  and 
was  invariably  sought  after  in  cases  of  arbi- 
tration. During  the  Mackenzie  rebellion,  he 
stood  by  the  "  old  flag."  He  took  a  deep 
interest  in  education — filling  the  position  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


153 


school  trustee  for  many  years,  and  was  an  i 
ardent  supporter  of  free  schools.  In  politics  I 
he  was  a  Conservative.  James  Van  Wyck, 
like  a  great  many  boys  in  their  days,  had  to 
help  his  father  on  the  farm  or  in  the  work- 
shop, and  got  very  little  time  to  attend  the 
public  school  after  he  was  ten  years  of  age, 
except  a  few  months  in  winter,  and  not  even 
that  after  he  was  fifteen  years  of  age.  Mis- 
fortune had  befallen  his  father,  and  the  son 
worked  hard  to  help  him  to  regain  his 
former  position.  When  he  had  reached  his 
nineteenth  year,  having  despaired  of  getting 
what  his  mind  craved  after,  an  education, 
he  apprenticed  himself  to  an  elder  brother 
in  the  town  of  Welland,  to  learn  the  carpen- 
ter trade,  and  having  served  the  usual  time, 
he  left  Welland  and  went  to  Lockport,  New 
York  state,  where  he  remained  for  about 
eighteen  months.  During  these  years  he 
had  been  improving  his  mind,  and  had 
united  himself  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  On  his  return  to  Canada  in  1869, 
he  entered  the  ministry  of  that  church, 
and  after  preaching  four  years,  and  pursu- 
ing the  required  course  of  study,  he  was 
ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  in  1873, 
by  the  late  Bishop  Richardson.  In  the  fall 
of  that  year  he  entered  Albert  College,  Bel- 
leville, where  he  remained  for  four  years, 
and  graduated  in  arts  in  June,  1878.  He 
was  also  valedictorian  of  the  year,  besides 
receiving  the  silver  medal.  He  was  then 
invited  to  a  church  in  Strathroy,  where  he 
Remained  for  nearly  five  years  by  special 
request  ( it  being  a  privilege  at  that  time  to 
those  who  were  preferred).  Next  he  went 
to  Hamilton,  where  he  remained  for  three 
years,  and  in  1886  he  was  invited  to  take 
charge  of  the  church  in  Euclid  avenue,  in 
Toronto,  the  pastorate  he  now  fills,  with 
honour  to  the  Master  and  satisfaction  to  his 
people.  Rev.  Mr.  Van  Wyck  has  always 
taken  an  active  part  in  temperance  work, 
and  from  1879  to  1882  occupied  the  office 
of  president  of  the  branch  of  the  Dominion 
Alliance,  for  the  suppression  of  the  liquor 
traffic  in  the  county  of  Middlesex.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd- 
fellows, and  he  has  also  been  connected  with 
the  Sons  of  Temperance,  and  the  Good  Tem- 
plars for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  one  of  the 
board  of  management  of  Alma  College,  St. 
Thomas,  and  also  one  of  its  board  of  exami- 
ners. He  occupied  a  seat  on  the  board  of 
examiners  of  the  Albert  College,  Belleville, 
from  1878  up  if)  the  time  of  the  union  of  the 


Methodist  churches  a  few  years  ago.  He 
has  also  been  associated  with  the  board  of 
examiners  in  the  Annual  Conference  of  the 
Methodist  church  since  1878.  Rev.  Mr. 
Van  Wyck  has  been  repeatedly  appointed 
a  delegate  to  the  General  Conference  of  the 
Methodist  church,  and  when  the  question  of 
union  was  discussed,  he  supported  the  union 
with  all  his  ability.  He  has  been  very  happy 
in  his  church  relations,  and  in  all  his  charges 
has  enjoyed  great  prosperity.  In  his  earlier 
years,  Mr.  Van  Wyck  was  somewhat  preju- 
diced in  favour  of  the  denomination  in  which 
he  was  brought  up,  and  thought  John  Wes- 
ley infallible,  but  Ephraim  has  now  some- 
what modified  his  views.  Although  he  is  a 
firm  Arminian,  and  believes  in  the  genuine- 
ness, authority  and  inspired  character  of  the 
divine  revelation  contained  in  the  Bible, 
yet  he  sometimes  wishes  that  the  creeds  of 
the  Evangelical  church  had  more  specified 
articles  of  faith  in  them,  and  that  they  were 
more  liberally  interpreted.  He  was  mar- 
ried on  the  24th  of  August,  1866,  to  Maria 
Fares,  who  was  educated  in  Toronto  and 
Belleville,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Fares, 
of  Humberstone,  Welland  county,  Ontario. 
Bronson,  Erskine  Henry,  M.P.  P., 
for  the  city  of  Ottawa,  was  born  on  the  12th 
of  September,  1844,  at  Bolton,  Warren 
county,  New  York  state.  He  is  a  son  of 
Henry  Franklin  Bronson,  and  Edith  E. 
Pierce,  of  Bolton,  and  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Bronsons  &  Weston,  lumber  manufac- 
turers, Ottawa  city.  Mr.  Bronson,  senr., 
came  to  Canada  in  1849,  when  Erskine  was 
a  mere  child,  and  visiting  the  Ottawa  valley 
became  greatly  impressed  with  the  idea  that 
the  Chaudiere  FaHs  was  a  splendid  place 
to  begin  lumbering  operations.  The  timber 
supply  in  the  neighbourhood  seemed  inex- 
haustible, and  the  water  power  magnificent. 
After  a  short  stay,  however,  he  returned  to 
his  home  in  the  state  of  New  York,  and 
thought  little  more  of  the  matter  until  1852, 
when  he  persuaded  J.  J.  Harris,  an  extensive 
lumberman,  with  whom  he  was  associated, 
to  go  with  him  to  Ottawa.  Arrived  at  their 
destination,  the  river  experts  tried  to  per- 
suade them  that  the  Ottawa  river  was  not 
suitable  for  the  safe  driving  of  saw  logs. 
But  Mr.  Bronson  thought  differently,  and 
persuaded  Mr.  Harris  to  purchase  certain 
water  lots  at  the  Chaudiere  Falls,  which  he 
accordingly  did,  from  the  Crown,  and  here, 
under  the  personal  superintendence  of  Mr. 
Bronson,  were  erected  mills,  portions  of 


154 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


which  still  exist  and  form  part  of  the  splendid 
works  since  erected  by  Bronsons  &  Weston. 
Shortly  after  the  erection  of  the  first  mill, 
Mr.  Bronson  removed  his  family  to  Canada, 
in  the  fall  of  1853,  and  made  his  permanent 
home  at  Ottawa.  Erskine  was  brought  up 
here,  and  received  his  education  in  the  best 
schools  in  the  place,  and  at  Sandy  Hill,  New 
York  state.  Alter  finishing  his  education, 
he  took  a  position  in  the  business:  and  in 
1864,  on  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Harris,  he  was 
admitted  a  partner  into  the  new  firm,  which 
was  then  established,  and  which  consisted 
of  Henry  Franklin  Bronson,  who  with  Mr. 
Harris  originated  the  business,  Erskine  H. 
Bronson  and  Abijah  Weston,  of  Painted  Post, 
New  York,  and  which  has  since  traded  under 
the  name  of  Bronsons  «fe  Weston.  This  firm 
owns  two  mills  at  Ottawa,  running  ten  gates, 
with  a  capacity  of  producing  60,000,000  feet 
of  lumber  during  the  season.  They  have  also 
close  business  relations  with  John  W.  Dun- 
ham, of  Albany,  New  York,  and  Herman  K. 
Weaver,  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  and  have  also  a 
yard  in  Albany,  for  the  sale  of  lumber  in  the 
rough.  Thou'gh  in  the  building  up  of  this 
great  concern,  the  Liberal  member  for 
Ottawa  has  played  no  inconsiderable  part, 
he  has  also  done  something  to  prove  himself 
a  good  and  useful  citizen.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  School  Board  for  the  last 
fourteen  years,  during  the  past  four  years  of 
which  he  has  been  chairman  of  the  commit- 
tee on  school  management.  He  was  first 
elected  to  the  city  council  by  acclamation  in 
1871,  and  served  continuously  until  the 
close  of  1877.  During  the  last  year  he  was 
in  the  council  he  prepared  the  act  consoli- 
dating the  city  debt,  and.  secured  its  passage 
in  the  Ontario  Legislature  in  the  session  of 
1878.  This  act  relieved  the  city  by  the  ex- 
tension of  the  time  of  the  payment  of  its 
bonds  of  a  large  annual  levy  for  a  sinking 
fund,  and  fixed  the  maximum  of  taxation  at 
one  and  a  half  per  cent.,  instead  of  two  per 
cent,  as  before,  under  the  general  municipal 
law.  Mr.  Bronson  in  politics  is  a  Reformer, 
and  in  religious  matters  an  adherent  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  is  one  of  our  rising 
men,  and  we  feel  that  Ottawa  in  electing 
him  as  one  of  its  representatives  in  the 
Ontario  Legislature,  has  done  something 
that  shall  redound  to  its  credit.  Mr.  Bron- 
son was  married  in  1S74.  to  Miss  Webster, 
the  only  daughter  of  Professor  Webster,  a 
Southern  gentleman,  at  one  time  a  resident 
of  the  capital,  by  whom  he  has  two  children. 


,  K.  B.,  Thorold,  Ontario, 
was  born  in  1817,  in  Kingussie,  Inverness- 
shire,  Scotland.  His  father  was  a  merchant ; 
and  having  a  family  of  twelve  children,  he 
considered  it  would  be  to  their  interest  if  he 
emigrated  to  Canada.  He  therefore  left 
his  native  country  in  1822,  and  located  him- 
self in  Glengarry,  about  twenty  miles  east 
by  north  of  Cornwall.  Here  B!  B.  McPher- 
son  was  brought  up,  and  received  the  very 
scant  education  given  in  the  back  town- 
ship schools  in  those  days,  the  principal  be- 
ing the  reading  of  the  Bible  and  the  com- 
mitting to  memory  the  Shorter  Catechism 
and  the  Paraphrases.  At  the  age  of  thirteen 
he  left  home,  and  found  employment  in  a 
country  store,  the  proprietor  of  which  was 
in  the  habit  of  purchasing  timber  for  the 
Quebec  market.  Here  Mr.  McPherson  re- 
mained for  some  time,  and  frequently  had 
to  act  in  the  capacity  of  raftsman,  and  help 
bring  his  employer's  timber  down  to  Que- 
bec. He  often  ran  the  risk  of  losing  his 
life  in  the  St.  Lawrence  river  rapids  be- 
fore the  rafts  were  safely  anchored  in  the 
timber  coves  at  Quebec.  During  the  rebel- 
lion of  1837-8,  Mr.  McPherson  took  sides 
with  the  loyalists,  and  had  command  at  one 
time  of  a  guard  at  the  river  Beaudette 
bridge  near  Coteau  Rapids.  Province  of 
Quebec,  whose  duty  it  was  to  intercept  rebels 
coming  or  going  over  it,  more  especially  the 
late  Sir  George  E.  Cartier,  for  whose  head 
a  large  sum  of  money  had  been  offered,  and 
who  it  was  thought  would  endeavour  to  es- 
cape across  the  St.  Lawrence  at  this  point. 
In  1840  Mr.  McPherson  left  Lower  Can- 
ada and  came  to  Toronto,  where  he  re- 
mained a  short  time,  and  then  crossed  over 
to  Rochester.  From  this  place  he  travelled 
through  the  Genesee  country  to  Buffalo 
and  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  and  when  at  the 
latter  point  he  saw  Mr.  McLeod,  of  Caro- 
line steamer  notoriety,  a  prisoner,  sur- 
rounded by  a  strong  guard  at  the  hotel. 
He  again  returned  to  Canada,  and  found 
employment  near  the  town  of  Simcoe.  In 
this  place  he  remained  for  a  short  time,  and 
then  left  for  New  York,  intending  to  sail 
from  that  port  to  Buenos  Ayres,  South 
America,  and  try  his  fortune  there.  On 
his  arrival  at  New  York,  he  learned  that 
Buenos  Ayres  was  blockaded  by  a  French 
squadron,  and  being  advised  to  abandon 
his  southern  trip,  he  remained  in  New  York 
until  his  means  were  exhausted,  and  then, 
in  the  month  of  January,  he  left  with  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


155 


idea  of  tramping  his  way  to  New  Orleans 
by  way  of  the  Mississippi.  On  his  route 
he  passed  through  Philadelphia  and  Balti- 
more. At  Baltimore  he  took  the  turnpike 
road  to  Pittsburg,  but  after  a  while  got  so 
tired  and  footsore  with  travelling  in  the 
enow  that  he  turned  off  the  main  road,  and 
took  the  road  right  across  the  state  of 
Pennsylvania  through  the  coal  mines,  mak- 
ing his  way  towards  Lake  Erie.  When  he 
reached  the  Alleghany  river  he  followed  its 
course  for  a  long  distance,  and  then  struck 
off  to  Jamestown,  just  then  starting  into 
existence,  and  then  on  to  Buffalo.  From 
this  point  he  walked  across  Lake  Erie  on 
the  ice  to  Port  Colborne  and  then  on  to  St. 
Catharines.  Here  he  found  employment 
as  bookkeeper,  paymaster,  etc.,  in  the  office 
of  Thompson,  Haggert  &  Burford,  contrac- 
tors engaged  in  building  the  Welland  canal. 
Frank  Smith  (now  senator)  was  at  this 
date  employed  by  this  former  firm  and  was 
in  charge  of  a  store  that  shipped  goods  to 
the  labourers'  employers  on  the  works. 
After  the  completion  of  this  famous  Wel- 
land canal  contract  Mr.  McPherson  went 
to  Toronto,  and  meeting  a  Mr.  Logan,  a 
then  prominent  merchant  in  that  city,  who 
controlled  about  a  dozen  stores  in  various 
country  parts  north  and  east  of  Toronto,  he 
entered  into  an  engagement  with  him  to 
take  charge  of  a  store  at  Oshawa;  and  while 
here  Mr.  Logan's  storekeeper  in  the  village 
of  Markham  was  murdered  (the  murderer 
being  afterwards  executed  in  Toronto),  and 
Mr.  McPherson  was  transferred  to  that  vil- 
lage 1  eaving  the  employ  of  Mr.  Logan, 
he  went  to  the  village  of  Bradford  and  took 
charge  of  a  store  for  Mr.  Cameron,  son  of 
the  late  Colin  Cameron,  of  Hogshollow, 
Yonge  street.  In  the  spring  of  1849  Mr. 
McPherson  again  got  restless  and  left  Brad- 
ford with  the  intention  of  going  to  Califor- 
nia, but  on  his  way,  at  Buffalo,  he  met  the 
late  Mr.  Brown,  who  had  a  large  contract 
in  the  Welland  canal,  and  abandoning  his 
California  trip,  he  arranged  with  that  gen- 
tleman to  become  his  general  manager,  and 
once  more  returned  to  Canada.  Mr.  Brown 
was  a  large  contractor,  and  shortly  after 
Mr.  McPherson  joined  him,  he  secured  a 
contract  amounting  to  about  two  million 
dollars  on  the  new  canal ;  but  before  he  had 
half  completed  the  work,  he  met  with  an 
accident  which  caused  his  death.  Dying 
without  a  will,  Mr.  Brown's  affairs  were  put 
into  Chancery,  and  Mr.  McPherson  was  ap- 


pointed administrator  of  the  estate.  He 
went  to  work  and  completed  Mr.  Brown's 
contracts.  When  the  estate  was  wound 
up,  it  was  found  that  Mr.  McPherson  had 
faithfully  done  his  duty,  and  that  the  sum 
of  six  hundred  and  seventy-five  thousand 
dollars  had  been  realized  for  Mr.  Brown's 
heirs.  In  1869  Mr.  McPherson  built  a 
grist  flouring  mill,  and  another  in  1878,  to 
supply  flour,  etc.,  to  the  men  building  the 
canal,  both  ventures  turning  out  fairly. 
From  1856  to  1862  he  was  a  member  of  the 
town  council,  and  for  two  years  a  member 
of  the  county  council,  and  when  acting  as 
county  councillor  he  had  the  pleasure  of 
taking  part  in  the  reception  given  the 
Prince  of  Wales  at  Chippawa.  Mr.  Mc- 
Pherson was  a  Liberal  in  politics  ever  since 
he  knew  the  meaning  of  the  term,  and  always 
took  a  lively  interest  in  political  matters. 
In  1881,  on  the  death  of  his  wife,  he  took  a 
tour  through  the  Southern  States,  and  in  his 
rambles  visited  Maryland,  Virginia,  North 
and  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Ar- 
kansas, Missouri,  Tennessee  and  Kentucky, 
returning  through  some  of  the  Northern 
States ;  and  came  to  the  wise  conclusion  that 
Ontario  suited  him  best,  and  in  this  pro- 
vince he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days. 
Although  Mr.  McPherson's  parents  were, 
in  the  old  country,  Baptists,  and  in  Can- 
ada attended  the  Presbyterian  church,  and 
were  very  strict  observers  of  Sunday  and 
all  the  doctrines  held  by  that  church,  yet 
as  a  young  man  he  began  to  wonder  why 
God  was  so  particular  about  Sunday.  Being 
of  an  inquiring  turn  of  mind  aAi  not  afraid 
to  think  for  himself,  he  began  reading  phil- 
osophical works,  and  works  on  the  religions 
of  antiquity,  and  comparing  them  with  the 
writings  of  the  Jews,  he  gradually  relin- 
quished the  Christian  dogmas,  and  became 
an  Agnostic.  Mr.  McPherson  was  married 
in  1855,  to  Miss  Secord,  whose  parents  re- 
side near  St.  David's,  a  few  miles  from 
Queenston.  Her  grandmother  gained  con- 
siderable renown  during  the  war  of  1812, 
having  walked  from  Queenston  in  the  night 
through  the  enemy's  lines  to  give  impor- 
tant information  to  the  British  general  sta- 
tioned about  twenty  miles  west  of  that 
place.  While  on  a  visit  to  Buffalo,  Mr. 
McPherson  was  suddenly  taken  ill,  and 
died  on  the  1st  December,  1886,  in  that 
city,  aged  sixty-nine  years,  leaving  behind 
him  an  honourable  record  for  integrity  and 
usefulness. 


156 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Cameron,  Sir  Matthew,  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  Ontario,  who  died  at  Toronto,  On- 
tario, on  the  25th  June,  1887,  was  a  son  of 
John  McAlpine  Cameron,  a  descendant  of 
the  Camerons  of  Fassifern,  Scotland,  who 
emigrated  from  Inverness -shire  to  Upper 
Canada  in  1819,  settling  at  Dundas,  where 
he  engaged  in  business,  and  subsequently 
discharged  the  duties  of  deputy  postmaster 
under  Thomas  Allan  Stayner,  then  the  Im- 
perial Postmaster-General  for  Canada,  at 
Hamilton.  He  also  acted  as  deputy  clerk 
of  the  Crown  for  Gore  district.  Later,  how- 
ever, he  was  a  student  at  law  with  Sir  Allan 
McNab,  with  whom  he  remained  until  he 
was  appointed  to  the  first  permanent  clerk- 
ship of  committees  in  the  parliament  of 
Upper  Canada,  from  which  office  he  went 
to  the  Canada  Company's  office  in  Toronto, 
where  he  held  an  important  position  for 
many  years.  Coming  to  this  part  of  the 
country,  as  he  did,  when  it  was  yet  unde- 
veloped and  sparsely  settled,  and  engaging 
in  active  life,  Mr.  Cameron  became  well  and 
widely  known.  He  died  in  Toronto  in  No- 
vember, 1866,  aged  seventy -nine  years.  His 
mother  was  Nancy  Foy,  a  native  of  Nor- 
thumberland, England.  The  deceased 
chief  justice  received  his  primary  education 
at  a  school  in  Hamilton,  under  a  Mr.  Kan- 
dall,  and  afterwards  at  the  District  School 
in  Toronto,  which  he  attended  for  a  short 
time.  In  1838  he  entered  Upper  Canada 
College,  where  he  studied  until  1840,  when, 
in  consequence  of  an  accident  while  out 
shooting,  he  had  to  retire.  Two  years  later 
he  entered  Aie  office  of  Campbell  &  Boulton, 
of  Toronto,  as  a  student-at-law,  where  he 
remained  until  Hilary  term,  1849,  when  he 
was  called  to  the  bar  of  the  province  of 
Ontario.  He  engaged  in  Toronto  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  first  with  Mr. 
Boulton,  his  former  master.  This  firm  con- 
tinued until  the  law  partnership  of  Cayley 
&  Cameron  was  formed,  the  senior  member 
being  the  Hon.  William  Cayley,  an  English 
barrister,  and  at  one  time  inspector- general 
of  the  province,  afterwards  registrar  of  the 
Surrogate  Court.  In  1859  Dr.  McMichael 
entered  the  firm,  which  then  became  Cay- 
ley, Cameron  &  McMichael.  Later  Mr. 
Cayley  retired,  and  E.  Fitzgerald  became  a 
partner  in  the  business,  and  his  name  was 
added  to  the  name  and  style  of  the  firm, 
remaining  so  for  several  years.  Alfred  Hos- 
kin  subsequently  became  a  partner,  ;  nd  on 
the  retirement  of  Mr.  Fitzgerald,  the  firm 


became  Cameron,  McMichael  &  Hoskin, 
and  remained  so  until  the  senior  member's 
elevation  to  the  bench  in  November,  1878. 
He  was  elected  a  Queen's  counsel  in  1863, 
and  elected  a  bencher  in  November,  1878. 
He  first  came  into  public  notice  as  a  counsel 
in  the  famous  case  of  Anderson,  the  fugi- 
tive slave,  the  refusal  to  surrender  whom, 
on  the  part  of  the  British  government, 
nearly  caused  war  between  that  country 
and  the  United  States.  Mr.  Cameron  re- 
presented Anderson  in  this  case,  and  made 
a  defence  which  for  burning  eloquence  and 
closely  reasoned  logic  has  scarcely  ever  been 
equalled  at  the  bar  in  this  country.  It  was 
over  the  magnificence  of  this  effort  that  he 
got  the  title  which  he  retained  for  some  time 
of  the  silver-tongued  orator  of  the  Ontario 
bar.  Partly  as  a  result  of  this  case  he  ob- 
tained a  very  large  practice,  and  travelled 
from  assize  to  assize,  putting  in  an  immense 
amount  of  work,  though  nearly  all  the  time 
enduring  great  personal  agony,  as  the  re- 
sult of  an  accident  suffered  some  years  be- 
fore. This  accident  occurred  while  he  and 
another  gentleman  were  shooting  in  the 
marsh  near  this  city.  One  of  the  guns 
went  off  prematurely,  shooting  Mr.  Cameron 
in  the  thigh.  The  wound  took  a  bad  turn, 
and  the  injured  leg  had  to  be  amputated. 
The  stump  never  healed  properly,  and 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life  he  was 
almost  continually  in  pain  from  this  acci- 
dent. The  physical  suffering  never  pre- 
vented him  from  doing  such  a  day's  work 
that  few  men  in  the  country  would  have 
performed  in  the  same  time.  In  his  early 
days,  when  he  was  a  practising  barrister,  he 
would  work  through  one  assize  court,  and 
then  travel  all  night  across  country  roads 
thirty  or  forty  miles,  take  up  the  business 
at  another  court  and  after  going  through  it 
travel  to  the  next  court,  and  so  on.  At  the 
assizes,  as  a  judge,  he  would  go  to  the  bench 
early  in  the  morning,  would  sit  there  all 
afternoon,  and  would  not  adjourn  till  four 
or  five  in  the  morning  if  necessary  to  get 
through  with  a  case.  He  has  worn  out 
three  juries  in  a  day.  His  legal  acquire- 
ments and  great  talents  caused  him  to  be 
looked  up  to  with  profound  respect  by  the 
bar,  the  members  of  which  also  entertained 
much  personal  affection  for  him.  His  sum- 
ming up  of  a  case  was  a  masterpiece  of 
lucidity  and  force.  The  first  public  office 
held  by  the  late  Sir  Matthew  Cameron  was 
on  a  commission  with  Colonel  Coffin,  ap- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


157 


pointed  in  1852,  to  inquire  into  the  causes 
of  accidents  which  had  been  of  frequent  oc- 
currence on  the  Great  Western  Kailway. 
In  1859  he  went  into  the  City  Council  of 
Toronto,  representing  St.  James  ward,  and 
thenceforward  he  figured  prominently  in 
public  life.  In  1861,  and  again  a  few  years 
later,  at  the  solicitation  of  many  citizens,  he 
contested  the  mayoralty  unsuccessfully.  In 
1861  he  entered  the  arena  of  national  poli- 
tics, and  sat  for  North  Ontario  in  the  Cana- 
dian Assembly  from  the  general  election  of 
that  year  until  the  general  election  in  1863, 
when  he  was  defeated.  But  in  July,  1864, 
he  was  re-elected  for  the  same  seat,  which  he 
continued  to  hold  until  confederation,  when 
he  was  again  unsuccessful.  At  the  general 
Provincial  elections  in  1867  he  was  returned 
to  the  Ontario  legislature  for  East  Toronto, 
and  re-elected  in  1871  and  1875.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Executive  Council  in  On- 
tario in  the  Sandfield  Macdonald  adminis- 
tration from  July  20,  1867,  until  the  resig- 
nation of  the  ministry,  December  19,  1871, 
and,  with  the  exception  of  the  last  five 
months  of  this  period,  when  he  was  commis- 
sioner of  Crown  Lands,  he  held  the  offices 
of  Provincial  Secretary  and  Registrar.  He 
was  also  leader,  and  a  very  able  one,  too,  of 
the  opposition,  from  the  general  elections 
in  December,  1871,  until  appointed  to  the 
judgeship  in  the  Queen's  Bench,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1878,  which  position  he  held  until  he 
rose  to  the  chief  justiceship  of  the  Common 
Pleas  in  1884.  He  aided  in  forming  the 
Liberal-Conservative  Association  of  Toron- 
to, became  its  first  president,  and  held  that 
office  until  his  elevation  to  the  bench.  He 
was  also  vice-president  of  the  Liberal-Con- 
servative convention  which  was  assembled 
in  Toronto  in  1874.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Caledonian  and  St.  Andrew's  societies. 
He  was  created  a  Knight  Bachelor  on  April 
5th  last,  at  the  same  time  Chief  Justice 
Stuart,  of  Quebec,  received  a  similar  honour. 
As  a  lawyer  Sir  Matthew  had  few  equals 
either  among  his  predecessors  or  his  con- 
temporaries; and  as  a  citizen  he  was  gener- 
ous almost  to  excess.  As  a  minister  of  the 
Crown,  and  as  leader  of  the  opposition,  he 
was  a  prodigious  worker,  an  able  tactician, 
and  a  most  formidable,  though  always  cour- 
teous, enemy.  As  a  judge  he  had  the  con- 
fidence and  respect  of  the  bar  to  the  utmost 
extent,  while  his  immense  knowledge  of  law 
and  the  clearness  of  his  decisions  made  him 
a  most  valuable  public  servant.  Chief  Jus- 


tice Cameron  belonged  to  the  Episcopal 
denomination,  and  for  about  thirty  years 
was  a  member  of  Trinity  Church,  Toronto. 
In  politics  he  was  a  Liberal-Conservative. 
On  December  1st,  1851,  he  was  married  in 
Toronto  to  Charlotte  Boss,  daughter  of 
William  Wedd,  who  immediately  prior  to  his 
death  resided  in  Hamilton,  Ontario.  Mrs. 
Cameron  died  January  14th,  1868.  She  was 
a  sister  of  William  Wedd,  first  classical  mas- 
ter at  Upper  Canada  College,  and  also  of  the 
late  Mrs.  Dr.  McMichael,  Mrs.  Dr.  Strathy, 
Toronto,  and  Mrs.  Scadding,  of  Orillia.  Sir 
Matthew  left  three  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters. His  sons  are,  Dr.  Irving  H.  Cameron, 
Ross  Me  Alpine  Cameron,  and  1'ouglas  W. 
Cameron.  His  daughters  are  Mrs.  Darling, 
the  widow  of  the  late  son  of  the  Rev.  W. 
S.  Darling,  Mrs.  A.  Wright,  and  a  young 
unmarried  daughter. 

Talbot,  Hon.  Thomas,  was  born  at 
Malahide,  on  the  17th  July,  1771.  His 
father  was  Richard  Talbot,  of  Malahide,  and 
his  mother,  Margaret,  Baroness  Talbot. 
The  Talbots  of  Malahide  trace  their  descent 
from  the  same  stock  as  the  Talbots  who 
have  been  earls  of  Shrewsbury,  in  the  peer- 
age of  Great  Britain,  since  the  middle  of 
the  fifteenth  century.  The  subject  of  our 
sketch  spent  some  years  at  the  Public  Free 
School  of  Manchester,  and  received  a  com- 
mission in  the  army  in  the  year  1782,  when 
he  was  only  eleven  years  of  age  In  1787, 
when  only  sixteen,  we  find  him  installed  as 
aide-de-camp  to  his  relative,  the  Marquis 
of  Buckingham,  who  was  then  lord  lieuten- 
ant of  Ireland.  His  brother  aide  was  the 
Arthur  Wellesley,  who  afterwards  became 
the  illustrious  Duke  of  Wellington.  The 
two  boys  were  necessarily  thrown  much  to- 
gether, and  each  of  them  formed  a  warm 
attachment  for  the  other.  Their  future 
paths  in  life  lay  far  apart,  but  they  never 
ceased  to  correspond,  and  to  recall  the  happy 
time  they  had  spent  together.  In  1790  he 
joined  the  24th  regiment,  which  was  then 
stationed  at  Quebec,  in  the  capacity  of  lieu- 
tenant. Upon  the  arrival  of  Lieutenant- 
Governor  Simcoe  at  Quebec,  at  the  end  of 
May,  1792,  Lieutenant  Talbot,  who  had 
nearly  completed  his  twenty-first  year,  be- 
came attached  to  the  governor's  suite  in  the 
capacity  of  private  secretary.  Governor 
Simcoe,  writing  in  1803,  says,  "  he  not  only 
conducted  many  details  and  important 
duties  incidental  to  the  original  establish- 
ment of  a  colony,  in  matters  of  internal 


158 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


regulation,  to  my  entire  satisfaction,  but 
was  employed  in  the  most  confidential 
measures  necessary  to  preserve  the  country 
in  peace,  without  violating,  on  the  one  hand, 
the  relations  of  amity  with  the  United 
States,  and  on  the  other,  alienating  the  affec- 
tions of  the  Indian  nations,  at  that  period 
in  open  war  with  them.  In  this  very  criti- 
cal situation,  I  principally  made  use  of  Mr. 
Talbot  for  the  most  confidential  intercourse 
with  the  several  Indian  tribes,  and  occasion- 
ally with  his  Majesty's  minister  at  Philadel- 
phia, and  these  duties,  without  any  salary 
or  emolument,  he  executed  to  my  perfect 
satisfaction."  It  seems  to  have  been  dur- 
ing his  tenure  of  office  as  secretary  that 
the  idea  of  embracing  a  pioneer's  life  in  Can- 
ada first  took  possession  of  young  Talbot's 
mind.  On  the  4th  of  February,  1793,  an 
expedition  which  was  destined  to  have  an 
important  bearing  upon  the  future  life  of 
Lieutenant  Talbot,  as  well  as  upon  the  fu- 
ture history  of  the  province,  set  out  frora 
Newark,  now  Niagara  village,  to  explore  the 
pathless  wilds  of  Upper  Canada.  It  con- 
sisted of  Governor  Simcoe  himself  and  sev- 
eral of  his  officers,  and  the  subject  of  our 
present  sketch.  The  expedition  occupied 
five  weeks,  and  extended  as  far  as  Detroit. 
The  route  was  through  Mohawk  village,  on 
the  Grand  Eiver,  where  the  party  were  en- 
tertained by  Joseph  Brant;  then  westward 
to  where  Woodstock  now  stands;  and  so  on 
by  a  somewhat  devious  course  to  Detroit. 
On  the  return  journey  the  party  camped  on 
the  present  site  of  London,  which  Governor 
Simcoe  then  pronounced  to  be  an  admirable 
position  for  the  future  capital  of  the  pro- 
vince. One  important  result  of  this  long 
and  toilsome  journey  was  the  construction  of 
Dun  das  Street,  or  as  it  is  frequently  called, 
"  the  governor's  road."  Lieutenant  Talbot 
was  delighted  with  the  wild  and  primitive 
aspect  of  the  country  through  which  they 
passed,  and  expressed  a  strong  desire  to 
explore  the  land  farther  to  the  south,  bor- 
dering on  lake  Erie.  His  desire  was  grati- 
fied in  the  course  of  the  following  autumn, 
when  Governor  Simcoe  indulged  himself, 
and  several  members  of  his  suite,  with  an- 
other western  excursion.  During  this  jour- 
ney the  party  encamped  on  the  present  site 
of  Port  Talbot,  which  the  young  lieutenant 
declared  to  be  the  loveliest  situation  for  a 
dwelling  he  had  ever  seen.  "  Here,"  said 
he,  "will  I  roost,  and  will  soon  make  the 
forest  tremble  under  the  wings  of  the  flock 


I  will  invite,  by  my  warblings,  around  me." 
Whether  he  was  serious  in  this  declaration 
at  the  time  may  be  doubted;  but,  as  will 
presently  be  seen,  he  ultimately  kept  his 
word.     In  1793  young  Talbot  received  his 
majority.     In  1796  he  became  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  fifth  regiment  of  foot.     He 
returned  to  Europe  and  joined  his  regiment, 
which  was  dispatched  on  active  service  to 
the  continent.     He  himself  was  busily  em- 
ployed during  this  period,  and  was  for  some 
time  in  command  of  two  battalions.     Upon 
the  conclusion  of  the  peace  of  Amiens,  on 
the  27th  March,  1802,  he  sold  his  commis- 
sion, retired  from  the  service,  and  prepared 
to  carry  out  the  intention  expressed  by  him 
to  Governor  Simcoe  nine  years  before,  of 
pitching  his  tent  in  the  wilds  of  Canada. 
Why  he  adopted  this  course  it  is  impossible 
to  do  more  than  conjecture.  He  never  mar- 
ried, but  remained  a  bachelor  to  the  end  of 
his  days .     The  work  of  settlement  cannot 
be  said  to  have  commenced  in  earnest  until 
1809.     It  was  no  light  thing  in  those  days 
for  a  man  with  a  family  dependent  upon  him 
to  bury  himself  in  the  remote  wilderness  of 
Western  Canada.     There  was  no  flouring 
mill,  for  instance,  within  sixty  miles  of  his 
abode,  which  was  known  as  Castle  Malahide. 
During  the  American  invasion  of  1812-13- 
14,    Colonel  Talbot   commanded  the  mili- 
tia of  the  district,  and  was  present  at  the 
battles  of   Lundy's   Lane  and  Fort  Erie. 
Marauding  parties  sometimes  found  their 
way  to  Castle  Malahide  during  this  troubled 
period,  and  what  few  people  there  were  in 
the  settlement  suffered  a  good  deal  of  an- 
noyance.    Within  a  day  or  two  after  the 
battle  of  the  Thames,  where  the  brave  Te- 
cumseh  met  his  doom,  a  party  of  these  ma- 
rauders, consisting  of  Indians  and  scouts 
from  the  American  army,  presented  them- 
selves at  Fort  Talbot,  and  summoned  the 
garrison  to  surrender.     The  place  was  not 
fortified,  and  the  garrison  consisted  merely 
of  a  few  farmers,  who  had  enrolled  them- 
selves in  the  militia  under  the  temporary 
command  of  a  Captain  Patterson.     A  suc- 
cessful defence  was  out  of  the  question,  and 
Colonel  Talbot,  who  would  probably  have 
been  deemed  an  important  capture,  quietly 
walked  out  of  the  back  door  as  the  invaders 
entered  at  the  front.     Some  of  the  Indians 
saw  the  colonel,  who  was  dressed  in  homely, 
everyday    garb,    walking   off    through  the 
woods,  and    were   about   to   fire   on   him, 
when   they    were    restrained   by    Captain 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


159 


Patterson,  who  begged  them  not  to  hurt  the 
poor  old  fellow,  who,  he  said,  was  the  per- 
son who  tended  the  sheep.  The  marauders 
rifled  the  place,  and  carried  off  everything 
they  could  lay  hands  on,  including  some 
valuable  horses  and  cattle.  Colonel  Talbot's 
gold,  consisting  of  about  two  quart  pots 
full,  and  some  valuable  plate,  concealed 
under  the  front  wing  of  the  house,  escaped 
notice.  The  invaders  set  fire  to  the  grist- 
mill that  the  colonel  had  built  in  the  town- 
ship of  Dun  wick,  which  was  totally  con- 
sumed, and  this  was  a  serious  loss  to  the 
settlement  generally.  Mrs.  Jameson,  who 
travelled  in  Upper  Canada  in  1837-38,  has 
left  us  the  following  description  of  her  visit 
to  Port  Talbot.  Speaking  of  the  colonel, 
she  says,  "  this  remarkable  man  is  now  about 
sixty -five,  perhaps  more,  but  he  does  not 
look  so  much.  In  spite  of  his  rustic  dress, 
his  good-humoured,  jovial,  weather-beaten 
face,  and  the  primitive  simplicity,  not  to 
say  rudeness,  of  his  dwelling,  he  has  in  his 
features,  air,  deportment,  that  something 
which  stamps  him  gentleman.  And  that 
something,  which  thirty-four  years  of  soli- 
tude has  not  effaced,  he  derives,  I  suppose, 
from  blood  and  birth,  things  of  more  con- 
sequence, when  philosophically  and  philan- 
thropically  considered,  than  we  are  apt  to 
allow.  I  had  always  heard  and  read  of  him 
as  the  '  eccentric  '  Colonel  Talbot.  Of  his 
eccentricity  I  heard  much  more  than  of  his 
benevolence,  his  invincible  courage,  his  en- 
thusiasm, his  perseverance;  but,  perhaps, 
according  to  the  worldly  nomenclature,  these 
qualities  come  under  the  general  head  of 
'  eccentricity '  when  devotion  to  a  favourite 
object  cannot  possibly  be  referred  to  self- 
interest.  Of  the  life  he  led  for  the  first 
sixteen  years,  and  the  difficulties  and  ob- 
stacles he  encountered,  he  drew,  in  his  dis- 
course with  me,  a  strong,  I  might  say  a 
terrible,  picture;  and  observe  that  it  was  not 
a  life  of  wild,  wandering  freedom — the  life 
of  an  Indian  hunter,  which  is  said  to  be  so 
fascinating  that  '  no  man  who  has  ever  fol- 
lowed it  for  any  length  of  time,  ever  volun- 
tarily returns  to  civilized  society ! '  Colonel 
Talbot's  life  has  been  one  of  persevering, 
heroic  self-devotion  to  the  completion  of  a 
magnificent  plan,  laid  down  in  the  first  in- 
stance, and  followed  up  with  unflinching 
tenacity  of  purpose.  For  sixteen  years  he 
saw  scarce  a  human  being,  except  the  few 
boors  and  blacks  employed  in  clearing  and 
logging  his  land;  he  himself  assumed  the 


blanket  coat  and  axe,  slept  upon  the  bare 
earth,  cooked  three  meals  a  day  for  twenty 
woodsmen,  cleaned  his  own  boots,  washed 
his  own  linen,  milked  his  own  cows,  churned 
the  butter,  and  made  and  baked  the  bread. 
In  this  latter  branch  of  household  economy 
he  became  very  expert,  and  still  piques  him- 
self on  it.  To  all  these  heterogenous  func- 
tions of  sowing  and  reaping,  felling  and 
planting,  frying,  boiling,  washing  and 
wringing,  brewing  and  baking,  he  added 
another,  even  more  extraordinary  —  for 
many  years  he  solemnized  all  the  marriages 
in  his  district.  Besides  natural  obstacles, 
he  met  with  others  far  more  trying  to  his 
temper  and  patience.  '  He  had  continual 
quarrels,'  says  Dr.  Dunlop,  '  with  the  suc- 
cessive governors,  who  were  jealous  of  the 
independent  power  he  exercised  in  his  own 
territory,  and  every  means  were  used  to 
annoy  him  here,  and  misrepresent  his  pro- 
ceedings at  home;  but  he  stood  firm,  and  by 
an  occasional  visit  to  the  colonial  office  in 
England,  he  opened  the  eyes  of  ministers 
to  the  proceedings  of  both  parties,  and  for 
a  while  averted  the  danger.  At  length, 
some  five  years  ago,  finding  the  enemy  was 
getting  too  strong  for  him,  he  repaired  once 
more  to  England,  and  returned  in  triumph 
with  an  order  from  the  colonial  office,  that 
nobody  was  in  any  way  to  interfere  with  his 
proceedings;  an4  he  has  now  the  pleasure  of 
contemplating  some  hundreds  of  miles  of 
the  best  roads  in  the  province,  closely  settled 
on  each  side  by  the  most  prosperous  fami- 
lies within  its  bounds,  who  owe  all  they 
possess  to  his  judgment,  enthusiasm,  and 
perseverance,  and  who  are  grateful  to  him  in 
proportion  to  the  benefits  he  has  bestowed 
upon  them,  though  in  many  instances  sorely 
against  their  will  at  the  time.'  The  original 
grant  must  have  been  much  extended ;  for 
the  territory  now  under  Colonel  Talbot's 
management,  and  bearing  the  general  name 
of  the  Talbot  country,  contains,  according 
to  the  list  I  have  in  his  own  hand- writing, 
twenty-eight  townships,  and  about  650,000 
acres  of  land,  of  which  98,700  are  cleared 
and  cultivated.  The  inhabitants,  including 
the  population  of  the  towns,  amounted  to 
about  50,000.  'You  see,'  said  he,  gaily, 
'  I  may  boast,  like  the  Irishman  in  the  f  arce, 
of  having  peopled  a  whole  country  with  my 
own  hands.'  He  has  built  his  tower, 
like  the  eagle  his  eyry,  on  a  bold  cliff  over- 
hanging the  lake.  It  is  a  long  wooden 
building,  chiefly  of  rough  logs,  with  a  cov- 


160 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ered  porch  running  along  the  south  side. 
Here   I  found   suspended,  among   sundry 
implements   of    husbandry,    one  of  those 
ferocious  animals  of  the  feline  kind,  called 
here  the   cat-a-mountain,   and  by  some  the 
American  tiger,  or  panther,  which  it  more 
resembles.     This  one,  which  had  been  killed 
in  its  attack  on  the  fold   or  poultry-yard, 
was  at  least  four  feet  in  length,  and  glared 
at  me  from  the  rafters  above  ghastly  and 
horrible.     The  farm  consists  of  six  hundred 
acres.     He   has   sixteen  acres   of  orchard- 
ground,  and  has  a  garden  of  more  than  two 
acres,  very   neatly  laid   out  and  enclosed, 
and  in  which  he  evidently  took  exceeding 
pride  and  pleasure.     He  described  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  spot  when  he  first  came 
here  as  contrasted  with  its  present  appear- 
ance.    I  told  him  of  the  surmises   of  the 
people  relative  to  his  early  life  and  his  mo- 
tives for  emigrating,  at  which  he  laughed. 
'  Charle  voix,'  said  he,   '  was,  I  believe,  the 
true  cause  of  my  coming  to  this  place.  You 
know  he  calls  this  the  "  Paradise  of  the  Hu- 
rons."     Now  I  was  resolved  to  get  to  para- 
dise by  hook  or  by  crook,  and  so  I  came 
here.'     He  added  more  seriously,  '  I  have 
accomplished  what  I  resolved  to  do — it  is 
done;  but  I  would  not,  if  any  one  was  to 
offer  me  the  universe,  go  through  again  the 
horrors  I  have  undergone  in  forming  this 
settlement.     But  do  not  imagine  I  repent  it ; 
I    like   my  retirement.' "     He   lived   long 
enough  to  see  the  prosperity  of  his  settle- 
ment fully  assured.     For  many  years  prior 
to  his  death  it  appears  to  have  been  his 
cherished  desire  to  bequeath  his  large  es- 
tate to  one  of  the  male  descendants  of  the 
Talbot  family,  and  with  this  view  he  invited 
one  of  his   sister's   sons,  Julius  Airey,  to 
come  over  from  England  and  reside  with  him 
at  Port  Talbot,  which  he  did,  but  rusticat- 
ing without  companions  or  equals  in  either 
birth  or  education  did  not  suit  him,  so  he 
returned  to  England.     Some  years  later  a 
younger  brother  of  Julius',  Colonel  Airey, 
military   secretary    at   the  Horse   Guards, 
came  out  with  his  family  to  reside  at  Port 
Talbot.   The  uncle  and  nephew  could  not  get 
on  together,  so  the  uncle  determined  to  leave 
Canada,  and  to  end  his  days  in  the  old  world. 
He  transferred  the  Port  Talbot  estate,  valued 
at  £10,000,  together  with  13,000  acres  of 
land  in  the  adjoining  township  of  Aldbor- 
ough,  to  Colonel  Airey.  Acting  on  his  deter- 
mination to  leave  Canada,  he  started,  in  his 
eightieth  year,  for  Europe.     He  was  accom- 


panied on  the  voyage  by  George  McBeth. 
Colonel  Talbot  remained  in  London  some- 
what more  than  a  year,  but  finding  London 
life  somewhat  distasteful  to  him,  he  once 
more  bade  adieu  to  society,  and  repaired  to 
Canada,  where  he  died  on  the  6th,  and  was 
buried  on  the  9th  of  February,  1853,  leav- 
ing his  estate,  valued  at  £50,000,  to  George 
McBeth,  and  an  annuity  of  £20  to  Jeffrey 
Hunter's  widow.  He  was  interred  in  the 
churchyard  at  Tyrconnel.  A  plate  on  the 
oaken  coffin  bore  the  simple  inscription : 

THOMAS  TALBOT, 

FOUNDER  OF  THE  TALBOT  SETTLEMENT, 

Died  &th  February,  1853. 

We  take  leave  of  our  worthy  hero,  in  the 
words  of  an  English  song-writer : — 

"  God  speed  the  stalwart  pioneer  ! 

Give  strength  to  thy  strong  right  hand  ! 
And  aid  thee  in  thy  brave  intent 

To  clear  and  till  the  land. 
'Tis  men  like  thee  that  make  us  proud 

Of  the  stubborn  Saxon  race  : 
And  while  old  England  bears  such  fruit 

We'll  pluck  up  heart  of  grace." 

Barrett,  M.,  B.A.,  M.D.— The  late  Dr. 
Barrett,  whe  died  on  the  26th  February, 
1887,  at  Toronto,  was  the  son  of  an  English 
barrister,  and  was  born  in  London,  Eng- 
land, on  16th  May,  1816.  He  was  educated 
at  Caen,  Normandy,  France.  Coming  to 
Canada  in  1833  he  engaged  in  the  fishery 
business  in  the  Georgian  Bay,  where  he 
owned  a  fishing  station  and  a  vessel.  In 
the  spring  of  1837  he  accepted  a  position 
in  a  school  at  Newmarket.  On  the  breaking 
out  of  the  rebellion  he  joined  the  Queen's 
Eangers,  in  which  he  filled  the  post  of 
quartermaster  of  the  regiment.  Shortly 
after  this  he  was  married  to  Ellen  McCal- 
lum,  a  sister  of  C.  McCallum,  of  London. 
When  the  Queen's  Bangers  disbanded  he 
went  to  the  Southern  States,  where  he  re- 
mained for  three  years.  Returning  to  To- 
ronto he  was  offered  and  accepted  the  posi- 
tion of  second  English  master  in  the  Upper 
Canada  College,  and  was  afterwards  pro- 
moted to  the  position  of  first  English  mas- 
ter in  the  same  institution.  While  pursuing 
his  important  duties  in  connection  with  the 
college,  Dr.  Barrett  took  a  double  course 
in  the  University  of  Toronto,  and  succeed- 
ing in  obtaining  the  degrees  of  Bachelor  of 
Arts  and  Doctor  of  Medicine.  He  was 
after  this  added  to  the  professoriate  of 
Bolph's  Medical  School,  which  was  subse- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


161 


quently  merged  into  the  Toronto  School  of 
Medicine.  After  being  connected  with  the 
college  for  over  thirty  years,  he  was  pen- 
sioned by  the  government.  Up  to  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  a  lecturer  in  the  To- 
ronto School  of  Medicine,  the  Veterinary 
College,  and  the  Women's  Medical  School. 
His  name  is  prominently  connected  with  the 
latter  school  as  one  of  the  principal  pro- 
moters of  its  institution  and  most  ardent 
and  active  workers  for  its  success.  Dr.  Bar- 
rett was  a  man  of  exceptional  intellectual 
attainments  and  occupied  an  eminent  and 
enviable  position  in  his  profession.  He  was 
highly  esteemed  by  the  members  of  the 
medical  profession,  and  loved  and  respected 
by  many  friends. 

Nettle  to  11,  John,  Mayor  of  Colling- 
wood,  Simcoe  county,  Ontario,  was  born 
at  Lofthouse,  Yorkshire,  England,  on  the 
12th  of  November,  1832,  his  father,  William 
Nettleton,  and  grandfather  before  him,  car- 
rying on  the  business  of  merchant  tailors  in 
that  village.  After  learning  the  business 
with  his  father,  Mr.  Nettleton,  jr.,  worked  at 
the  trade  in  the  following  places,  viz :  Leeds, 
London,  Manchester  and  Liverpool,  and  at 
the  latter  place  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth 
Boardman  Womersley,  on  the  9th  May, 
1853,  in  St.  Peter's  Church.  On  the  4th  of 
April,  1857,  he  and  his  wife  and  one  child 
emigrated  to  Canada,  arriving  in  Toronto 
on  the  23rd  of  the  same  month.  After  stay- 
ing there  and  at  Markham  village  for  a 
short  time,  he  finally  settled  down  in  Col- 
lingwood,  then  a  town  only  in  its  infancy. 
In  1859  he  commenced  business  for  himself, 
and  has  lived  there  continuously  ever  since. 
In  1867  he  was  elected  by  acclamation  as 
town  councillor  for  the  Centre  ward,  and 
for  sixteen  years  he  has  held  the  position  of 
either  councillor  or  deputy  reeve.  He  was 
elected  to  the  mayoralty'in  1886,  and  re- 
elected  in  1887.  He  has  been  connected 
with  and  has  taken  an  active  part  in  almost 
everything  that  has  been  advanced  for  the 
improvement  of  the  town  since  the  time 
he  took  up  his  abode  in  it.  In  February, 
1862,  he  was  initiated  into  Free  Masonry, 
in  Manitou  lodge,  No.  90,  G.  E.  C.,  and  after 
having  passed  through  all  the  subordinate 
offices,  he  was  elected  Master  in  1867,  which 
position  he  held  for  two  years.  After  being 
out  for  a  short  time,  he  subsequently  was 
re-elected,  and  held  the  office  for  three 
years  more.  In  1870  he  was  appointed  by 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  Canada  a  grand  stew- 
J 


ard;  in  1873  he  was  elected  grand  registrar,, 
and  in  1879  district  deputy  grand  master  for 
the  Georgian  district,  which  position  he  held 
for  two  years.  He  was  also  the  means  of 
instituting  Caledonia  lodge,  No.  249,  Angus, 
and  Granite  lodge,  No.  352,  Parry  Sound. 
In  both  instances  he  was  elected  their  first 
master,  and  now  holds  the  position  of  honor- 
ary member  in  each  lodge.  He  was  also 
presented  by  these  lodges  with  a  full  set  of 
Grand  Lodge  regalia,  in  recognition  of  his 
services.  In  Koyal  Arch  masonry  he  has 
taken  the  same  interest  as  in  the  Blue  lodge, 
having  been  elected  first  principal  Z  in 
Manitou  chapter,  No.  27,  which  office  he 
has  held  for  several  years.  He  is  also  past 
eminent  commander  of  Hurontario  Encamp> 
ment  of  Knights  Templars,  and  was  elected 
honorary  member  of  Mount  Calvary  Pre- 
ceptory,*  No.  12,  G.  E.  C.,  Barrie.  He  has 
also  taken  an  active  part  in  other  benevolent 
societies  as  well  as  Masonic,  and  was  mainly 
instrumental  in  organizing  the  Ancient  Or* 
der  of  United  Workmen,  the  Select  Knights, 
and  also  the  Sons  of  England  Benevolent 
Society,  in  all  of  which  he  was  their  first 
master.  Mr.  Nettleton  has  also  taken  an 
active  part  in  every  political  movement  that 
has  taken  place  in  the  county  during  his 
residence  in  Collingwood,  and  has  always 
worked  for  and  voted  with  the  Liberal-Con- 
servative party.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Church  of  England  and  has  held  the  posi- 
tion of  church  warden  in  All  Saints'  Church* 
His  family  consists  of  eight  children,  six 
boys  and  two  girls,  the  former  all  being 
grown  up  and  established  in  business. 

Fowler,  Rev.  Robert.— Eev.  Mr. 
Fowler  was  born  in  Chester,  England,  in 
1823,  and  died  in  London,  Ontario,  on  the 
4th  March,  1887.  He  first  acquired  the 
training  of  an  apothecary  and  then  studied 
medicine,  graduating  with  the  degree  of 
M.E.C.S.  Subsequently  he  became  a 
Methodist  minister,  and  began  to  preach  in 
1853,  filling  many  posts  in  the  Toronto 
Conference.  Afterwards  he  was  appointed 
to  the  Ingersoll  circuit  in  the  London  Con- 
ference, thence  going  to  Clinton,  Listowel, 
and  lastly  to  London  West.  Three  years 
before  his  death  he  was  superannuated  on 
account  of  ill-health,  and  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  London.  Eev.  Dr.  Fowler  was  a 
man  of  ability  and  originality,  with  a  strong 
sense  of  duty  which  he  faithfully  laboured 
to  fulfil,  and  was  highly  respected  by  all  who 
had  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance. 


162 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


McEachran,  Profes§or  Duiiean 
TI<  \al»,  F.  R.  C.  V.  S.,  Principal  of  Mont- 
Teal  Veterinary  College,  chief  inspector  of 
stock,  &c.,  was  born  at  Campbeltown,  Ar- 
gyleshire,  Scotland,  on  the  27th  of  October, 
2841.  He  is  the  oldest  son  of  the  late  David 
McEachran,  who  for  many  years  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  town  council,  and  for  five  years 
preceding  his  death  was  senior  bailie  of 
Campbeltown.  The  family  is  one  of  the 
oldest  in  Kin  tyre,  descended  from  McEach- 
jan  of  Killellan  and  Penygowan.  The  Ionic 
cross  of  Campbelltown,  one  of  the  oldest  in 
Scotland,  bears  the  names  of  Edward  and 
Malcolm  McEachran,  and  the  family  tomb- 
stones, which  are  found  within  the  ruins  of 
the  old  church  of  St.Kiarian,  date  back  as  far 
as  the  fourteenth  century.  David  McEach- 
yan  is  also  buried  here.  Duncan  received 
his  earlier  education  in  the  schools  of  his 
native  place,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  en- 
tered in  his  professional  studies  at  Edin- 
burgh, under  the  late  Professor  Dick.  In 
the  autumn  of  1862,  he  came  to  Canada,  and 
took  up  his  abode  in  Woodstock,  Ontario, 
where  he  practised  his  profession  for  nearly 
three  years  with  marked  success,  at  the  same 
time  being  engaged  during  part  of  the  winter 
in  giving  lectures  at  Toronto,  and  by  this 
means  rendered  valuable  service  in  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  Veterinary  College  in  that 
city.  During  his  residence  in  Woodstock,  he 
contributed  in  various  ways  to  the  advance- 
ment of  his  profession,  by  lectures  at  farm- 
ers' meetings,  by  contributions  to  the  agri- 
cultural press,  and  by  the  publication  of  a 
manual  of  veterinary  science.  The  work  on 
the  "  Canadian  Horse  and  his  Diseases," 
under  the  joint  editorship  of  himself  and 
Ms  friend,  Professor  Andrew  Smith,  of  the 
Toronto  Veterinary  College,  soon  ran 
through  two  editions,  and  although  a  third 
edition  is  now  called  for,  Professor  Mc- 
Eachran will  not  consent  to  its  issue,  as  he 
fondly  hopes  to  find  time  in  the  near  future, 
to  publish  a  larger  work  on  the  same  sub- 
ject. In  1866,  he  left  Ontario  and  settled 
in  Montreal,  but  before  he  left  for  that 
city,  the  Board  of  Agriculture  for  Upper 
Canada  passed  a  very  complimentary  reso- 
lution, expressing  regret  at  his  departure, 
and  he  was  entertained  by  a  large  number 
ef  his  friends  at  a  public  dinner  at  Wood- 
stock. On  his  arrival  in  Montreal,  thanks 
to  his  good  reputation  which  had  preceded 
him,  and  the  influence  of  his  numerous 
friends,  his  success  was  speedily  assured. 
Through  the  influence  of  the  late  Major 
Campbell,  president  of  the  Board  of  Agricul- 
ture, aided  by  principal  (now  Sir)  J.  W. 


Dawson,  and  the  late  G.  W.  Campbell,  dean 
of  the  medical  faculty  of  McGill  University, 
an  arrangement  was  made  for  Professor  Mc- 
Eachran to  deliver  a  course  of  lectures  on 
veterinary  science,  in  connection  with  the 
medical  school,  which  was  the  commence- 
ment of  the  now  widely-known  Montreal 
Veterinary  College.  In  1875,  the  present 
commodious  college  buildings  were  erected 
on  Union  Avenue,  at  the  expense  of  the 
founder  and  principal,  the  government 
guaranteeing  $1,800  per  annum  toward  its 
expenses  for  ten  years,  with  the  privilege 
of  sending  to  it  thirteen  French  and  seven 
English  students  annually  free.  This  college 
is  now  considered  the  first  of  its  kind  in 
America,  and  justly  ranks  high,  even  when 
compared  with  many  of  the  schools  in  Eu- 
rope, owing  to  the  appreciation  of  its  head 
for  thorough  education.  While  the  veter- 
inary schools  at  Toronto  and  I^ew  York  ad- 
mitted students  without  matriculation,  and 
graduated  them  in  two  sessions,  here  a  ma- 
triculation is  required,  and  the  course  ex- 
tends over  three  sessions  of  six  months  each. 
This  plan  was  adopted  by  the  Montreal  Col- 
lege before  the  English  schools  ;  even  the 
Royal  Veterinary  College  of  England  was 
led  by  the  Montreal  school  in  this  very  im- 
portant matter.  Professor  McEachran  has 
associated  with  him  in  teaching  the  learned 
Principal  and  Professors  of  McGill  Univer- 
sity, whose  classes  his  students  attend  for 
collateral  studies.  Year  by  year  since  the 
establishment  of  this  college,  its  progress 
has  been  most  marked  in  the  number  and 
educational  standing  of  the  pupils,  and  stu- 
dents have  been  attracted  to  it  from  all  parts 
of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  A  veter- 
inary medical  association  has  been  estab- 
lished in  connection  with  the  college,  for  the 
reading  of  papers  and  the  discussion  of  pro- 
fessional and  kindred  subjects,  and  a  well- 
furnished  library,  containing  most  of  the 
old  works,  and  all  the  new  ones,  embraced 
in  veterinary  literature,  has  been  added  to 
the  college,  mainly  through  the  eflorts  of 
its  energetic  principal.  Professor  McEach- 
ran, during  the  past  few  years,  has  con- 
tributed many  valuable  articles  to  profes- 
sional journals  and  the  agricultural  press  as 
well  as  by  public  lectures,  on  his  favourite 
theme.  In  1875,  he  earnestly  pressed  upon 
the  attention  of  the  Dominion  government, 
the  necessity  for  the  establishment  of  a 
quarantine  system,  to  prevent  the  importa- 
tion of  certain  cattle  diseases  from  Europe, 
where  they  were  then  prevailing  to  a  de- 
plorable extent.  Acting  on  his  advice,  the 
government  created,  in  April,  1876,  a  qua- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


163 


rantine  station  at  Point  Levis,  Quebec,  and 
made  the  professor  chief  inspector  for  the 
Dominion,  and  this  position  he  still  con- 
tinues to  occupy.  In  January,  1879,  he  was 
sent  by  the  Dominion  government  to  the 
United  States,  to  investigate  the  lung-plague 
— pleuro-pneumonia — and  visited  New  York, 
Long  Island,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Maryland,  Virginia,  and  the  district  of  Co- 
lumbia ;  and  on  his  return  he  reported  the 
prevalence  of  this  serious  disease  in  all  the 
states  he  had  visited.  The  result  was  that 
shortly  afterwards  an  embargo  was  placed  on 
the  importation  of  cattle  from  the  United 
States  to  Canada  and  Great  Britain,  requir- 
ing that  they  should  be  slaughtered  at  the 
port  of  debarkation,  within  fourteen  days 
after  landing.  This  action  of  the  British 
government  entailed  a  heavy  loss  on  cattle 
exported  from  the  United  States,  but  Can- 
ada, owing  to  her  freedom  from  the  diseases, 
and  the  perfect  condition  of  her  quarantine 
system,  became  a  gainer  in  proportion  to  a 
large  amount.  Professor  McEachran's  name 
will  ever  be  associated  with  the  early  history 
of  the  export  cattle  trade  of  Canada,  as  one, 
who  at  the  proper  moment  gave  sound  advice 
to  the  government,  which,  being  promptly 
acted  upon,  helped  in  these  early  days  to 
assist  a  trade  that  has  since  grown  to  vast 
proportions.  The  efficiency  of  the  quaran- 
tine for  cattle  under  his  management  has 
been  thoroughly  tested  on  two  occasions, 
viz.,  1885,  when  the  contagious  disease, 
"  foot  and  mouth,"  or  vessicular  epizootic, 
was  twice  brought  into  the  quarantine  from 
Great  Britain,  so  thorough  was  the  quaran- 
tine that  not  only  did  it  not  extend  beyond, 
but  it  did  not  even  affect  any  other  cattle, 
of  which  there  were  several  hundreds  within 
the  enclosure.  The  prompt  and  effective 
manner  in  which  pleuro-pneumonia  was 
dealt  with  in  1886,  when  that  fell  destroyer 
was  imported  in  a  herd  of  Galloways,  proved 
beyond  doubt  the  efficiency  of  the  quaran- 
tine, and  the  ability  of  the  inspectors  to 
deal  with  contagious  diseases.  If  Canada 
to-day  is  free  from  contagious  disease,  it  is 
due  in  a  great  measure  to  his  energy  and 
knowledge  of  disease.  In  acknowledgment 
of  his  professional  attainments  he  was  elected 
one  of  the  original  Fellows  of  the  Royal  Col- 
lege of  Veterinary  Surgeons,  on  that  body 
being  raised  to  the  rank  of  a  university  in 
1875,  being  the  only  one  in  Canada  on  whom 
that  honour  was  conferred.  He  has  been 
intimately  connected  with  the  cattle  ranch- 
ing business  in  the  district  of  Alberta,  Sena- 
tor Cochrane  and  he  being  the  pioneers  in 
that  business  on  a  large  scale  in  Canada. 


Together  they  visited  Alberta  in  1881,  going 
via  the  Missouri  river  to  Fort  B^nton,  thence 
driving  across  the  plains  to  where  Calgary 
is  now  built.  On  his  return  he  published  a 
series  of  interesting  letters,  beinij  a  narra- 
tive of  his  trip,  and  description  of  the  coun- 
try. Ho  was  vice-president  of  the  Coch- 
rane Ranche  Co.  till  1883,  when  he  became 
general  manager  of  the  Walrond  Cattle 
Ranche  Co.,  of  which  Sir  John  Walrond, 
Bart.,  is  president,  and  which  is  now  the  lar- 
gest and  one  of  the  most  successful  ranches 
in  Canada.  Professor  McEachran  was  mar- 
ried on  the  9th  of  June,  1868,  to  Esther, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Timothy  Plas- 
kett,  Esq. ,  St.  Croix,  West  Indian  Islands, 
to  whom  two  children  were  born,  viz  ,  Eve- 
lyn Victoria,  born  24th  May,  1869,  who 
died  May,  1874,  and  Jeanie  Blackney,  born 
19th  September,  1871.  In  politics,  Profes- 
sor McEachran  is  a  Conservative,  but  in 
consequence  of  his  devotion  to  professional 
work  he  has  never  taken  a  very  active  part  in 
politics.  He  served  in  the  militia  force  for 
ten  years  as  Veterinary  Surgeon  to  the  Mont- 
real Field  Battery  of  Artillery.  He  became 
a  justice  of  the  peace  in  1886,  with  jurisdic- 
tion over  the  entire  Province  of  Quebec. 

Holmes,  Hon.  Simon  II.,  Prothon- 
otary  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia, 
Halifax,  was  born  near  Springville,  East 
River  township,  Pictou  county,  N.S.,  on  the 
30th  July,  1831.  His  father,  Hon.  John 
Holmes,  came  from  Ross-shire,  Scotland, 
where  he  was  born  in  1783,  to  Nova  Scotia, 
and  settled  in  the  province  in  1803,  and  rep- 
resented Pictou  county  in  the  Nova  Scotia 
legislature,  from  1839  to  1847,  and  from 
1851  to  1855,  and  was  called  to  the  Legisla- 
tive Council  in  1858.  At  the  time  of  Con- 
federation in  1867  he  was  made  a  member 
of  the  Senate  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 
His  mother,  Catherine  Fraser,  was  a  native 
of  Nova  Scotia.  Simon  H.  Holmes  received 
his  educational  training  at  the  New  Glasgow 
Grammar  School  and  at  the  Pictou  Academy. 
He  adopted  law  as  a  profession,  and  studied 
in  the  office  of  the  Hon.  James  McDonald, 
now  chief  justice  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  was 
called  to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia  in  August, 
1864.  He  practised  for  a  number  of  years 
as  a  barrister  in  Pictou,  and  during  that  time 
acquired  the  honourable  distinction  of  being 
a  logical  and  able  speaker,  and  one  who 
always  made  a  favourable  impression  on  a 
jury.  Mr.  H  jlmes  entered  political  life  in 
1867,  and  yet  though  he  failed  to  carry  Pic- 
tou county  at  the  general  election  of  that 
year,  he  was  successful  in  1871  ;  and  in  1874 
he  was  re  elected  by  acclamation,  and  chosen 


164 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


leader  of  the  opposition.  After  the  contest 
in  1878,  he  was  called  upon  to  form  an  ad- 
ministration, of  which  he  became  premier 
and  provincial  secretary,  which  position  he 
occupied  during  the  four  years  following, 
when  he  accepted  the  office  of  prothonotary 
of  the  Supreme  Court  for  Halifax,  which 
office  he  now  holds.  Hon.  Mr.  Holmes  was 
for  twenty-four  years  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  Colonial  Standaril,  Pictou,  an  out- 
spoken Liberal- Conservative  paper,  which 
he  conducted  with  marked  ability,  and 
which  exercised  a  great  influence  in  shaping 
the  politics  of  the  province.  When  quite  a 
young  man  he  took  an  active  interest  in  the 
volunteer  movement,  and  rose  to  the  rank 
of  captain  ;  subsequently  he  held  the  same 
rank  in  the  militia,  and  was,  before  severing 
his  connection  with  the  corps  on  entering 
public  life,  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major. 
Archibald,  Hon.  Sir  Adam§  Geo., 
K.C.M.G.,D.C,L.,  P.C.,  Q.C.,  ex- Lieuten- 
ant-Govern  or  of  Nova  Scotia.  This  illus- 
trious statesman  was  born  at  Truro,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  18th  May,  1814.  His  father 
was  Samuel  Archibald,  grandson  of  one  of 
two  brothers  who  came  from  the  North  of 
Ireland,  though  of  Scottish  descent,  settled 
at  Truro,  Colchester  county,  N.S.,  in  1761, 
and  both  of  whom  married  and  had  families, 
and  from  these  brothers  sprung  most  of  the 
families  of  that  name  now  scattered  over  the 
Maritime  and  other  provinces  of  the  Do- 
minion, some  of  whom  honoured  the  liberal 
professions,  and  filled  nearly  every  position 
of  responsibility  and  trust  in  the  legislature 
and  government  of  Nova  Scotia.  His  grand- 
father, James  Archibald,  was,  on  the  23rd 
June,  1796,  appointed  judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  for  Colchester,  Nova  Scotia, 
and  held  this  position  till  his  death.  The 
mother  of  Sir  Adams  Archibald  was  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Matthew  Archibald,  who 
was  appointed  coroner  of  Colchester  in  1776, 
and  represented  Truro  in  the  local  parlia- 
ment for  many  years.  Adams  George  Ar- 
chibald was  educated  at  Pictou  College  under 
the  late  Dr.  McCulloch,  who  had  at  that 
time  the  training  of  many  young  men  who 
now  fill  various  high  positions  in  public  life. 
He  studied  law  in  Halifax  in  the  office  of  the 
late  William  Sutherland,  afterwards  recorder 
of  the  city  ;  was  admitted  in  Nova  Scotia 
and  Prince  Edward  Island  as  an  attorney  in 
1838,  and  as  barrister  to  the  bar  of  Nova 
Scotia  in  1839  ;  and  for  many  years  practised 
his  profession  successfully  both  at  Truro  and 
Halifax,  during  which  time  he  filled  some 
very  important  positions.  In  1851  he  en- 
tered public  life,  and  was  elected  to  repre- 


sent the  county  of  Colchester  in  the  Nova 
Scotia  assembly,  and  sat  as  such  until  1859, 
when  the  county  was  divided,  and  he  was 
returned  for  South  Colchester,  which  con- 
stituency he  continued  to  represent  until 
Confederation  in  1807. .  During  three  years 
he  occupied  prominent  positions  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Nova  Scotia.  In  1856  he  was 
appointed  solicitor-general  of  his  native  pro- 
vince, and  in  1857  was  sent  as  a  delegate,  in 
company  with  the  late  Hon.  J.  W.  Johnstone, 
to  England  to  arrange  the  terms  of  settle- 
ment with  the  British  government  and  the 
General  Mining  Association,  in  regard  to 
the  mines  of  the  province,  and  to  ascertain 
the  views  of  that  government  on  the  ques- 
tion of  the  union  of  the  provinces.  And 
one  of  the  happy  results  of  their  labours 
was  to  effect  a  settlement  of  a  long  standing 
dispute  between  the  province  and  the  com- 
pany, whereby  certain  collieries  were  al- 
lotted to  the  company  on  their  surrendering 
all  other  collieries  and  all  mines  and  mine- 
rals to  the  province,  except  the  coal  in  the 
areas  so  allotted.  In  1860  he  was  made 
attorney-general,  and  the  following  year 
(1861),  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Quebec 
Conference  to  discuss  the  question  of  an 
Intercolonial  Railway.  In  1862  he  was  ap  • 
pointed  advocate-general  of  the  Vice- Admi- 
ralty Court.  Mr.  Archibald  being  one  of 
the  foremost  among  the  advocates  of  Con- 
federation, he  attended  as  a  delegate  the 
Charlottetown  Union  Conference  in  June, 
1864;  the  Quebec  Conference,  held  a  few 
months  later  in  the  same  year,  and  the  final 
conference  held  in  London  (England),  during 
the  winter  of  1866-7  to  complete  the  terms 
of  confederation.  In  1867  he  was  made 
secretary  of  state  for  the  provinces  in  the 
Dominion  government.  In  1869  he  was 
elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Dominion  parliament 
at  Ottawa,  by  the  county  of  Colchester,  but 
resigned  the  next  year  (1870),  on  his  being 
appointed  lieutenant-governor  of  Manitoba 
and  the  North- West  Territories.  In  1872 
he  was  created  a  companion  of  the  Order  of 
St.  Michael  and  St.  George  by  her  Majesty 
the  Queen  for  his  services  in  Manitoba,  and 
in  1886  was  advanced  a  step  in  the  order, 
being  created  K.  C.  M.  G.  On  his  return 
from  the  North- West  he  was  appointed,  on 
the  24th  June,  1873,  judge  in  equity  for 
Nova  Scotia  ;  but  only  held  the  office  until 
the  4th  of  the  next  month,  when,  on  the 
death  of  the  late  lieutenant-governor,  Joseph 
Howe,  he  was  appointed  lieutenant-governor 
of  Nova  Scotia,  and  this  high  office  he  filled 
with  great  dignity  and  satisfaction  to  all  con- 
cerned from  the  4th  July,  1873,  to  4th  July, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


165 


1833,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Mat- 
thew Henry  Richey.  Governor  Archibald 
was  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway  in  1873  ;  and  in  1884  he  was 
chosen  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Governors 
of  Dalhousie  College  ;  and  in  1885  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Histori- 
cal Society,  of  which  he  has  been  an  active 
member  from  the  time  of  its  formation  in 
1878  to  the  present.  In  conclusion,  we  may 
add  that  the  Hon.  Mr.  Archibald  is  a  man 
of  broad  views  and  generous  impulses,  and  a 
statesman  whom  the  country  is  pleased  to 
honour.  In  religious  matters  he  has  fol- 
lowed in  the  footsteps  of  his  ancestors,  and 
is  a  staunch  Presbyterian.  He  was  married 
on  the  1st  June,  1840,  to  Elizabeth  Archi- 
bald, daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Burnyeat, 
an  able  and  accomplished  Anglican  divine, 
the  first  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England, 
In  the  parish  of  St.  John,  Colchester,  whose 
wife  was  Livinia,  daughter  of  Charles  Dick- 
aon,  and  sister  of  Elizabeth,  wife  of  the  late 
Hon.  S.  G.  W.  Archibald,  and  mother  of  the 
late  Sir  Thomas  and  Sir  Edward  Archibald. 
not  aid.  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  late  Pres- 
ident of  University  College,  Toronto,  was 
born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  1807,  and  died 
at  Toronto,  on  the  16fch  of  April,  1887,  in 
the  eighty- first  year  of  his  age.  He  was 
educated  at  Trinity  College  in  his  native 
city,  and  after  a  very  successful  university 
career,  graduated  with  the  highest  honours 
in  classics.  At  the  request  of  the  authorities 
of  Trinity  College,  he  for  some  time  filled 
the  post  of  classical  tutor  and  examiner  in 
that  institution.  While  occupying  this  posi- 
tion, he  devoted  himself  passionately  to  the 
pursuit  of  classical  literature,  and  edited 
several  editions  of  recognized  value  of  vari- 
ous Greek  and  Latin  texts.  In  1838,  Dr. 
Harley,  then  archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
hearing  of  his  repute  as  a  scholar,  offered 
him  the  principalsnip  of  Upper  Canada  Col- 
lege, in  Toronto,  and  Mr.  McCaul  having 
accepted  the  office,  entered  upon  its  duties 
the  following  year.  In  1843,  he  became  the 
president  and  professor  of  classics,  logic, 
rhetoric  and  belles-lettres  in  King's  College, 
which  by  the  Act  of  1849,  became  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto,  and  was  freed  forever 
from  sectarian  control.  From  that  time  up 
to  the  date  of  his  retirement,  some  years 
ago,  from  all  literary  work,  Dr.  McCaul  un- 
interruptedly filled  the  chair  of  classics  in 
the  university,  of  which  for  some  years  he 
was  also  the  president.  While  zealously 
maintaining  the  pre-eminence  of  his  own 
•department,  he  actively  assisted  in  intro- 
ducing into  the  university  curriculum  the 


subjects  of  modern  languages  and  natural 
sciences.  His  individual  work  is  seen  on 
every  hand  in  the  distinguished  men  who 
are  to  be  found  in  every  part  of  the  province, 
and  who  cheerfully  acknowledge  their  in- 
debtedness to  the  Jate  lamented  president  of 
University  College,  for  the  accuracy  and 
thoroughness  of  their  academic  training. 
Among  the  works  which  have  been  issued 
from  Dr.  McCaul's  pen  are  exhaustive  trea- 
tises on  the  Greek  Tragic  Metres  and  the 
Horatian  Metres  ;  on  the  Scansion  of  the 
Hecuba  and  Medea  of  Euripides;  lectures 
on  Homer  and  Virgil ;  an  edition  of  Longi- 
nus,  of  selections  from  Lucian  and  Thucy- 
dides.  His  edition  of  the  Satires  and  Epis- 
tles of  Horace  has  long  been  looked  upon  as 
a  standard  one  of  this  favourite  author.  His 
researches  in  Greek  and  Roman  Epigraphy, 
and  his  work  on  "  Britanno-Roman  Inscrip- 
tions," and  "  The  Christian  Epitaphs  of  the 
First  Six  Centuries,"  entitle  him  to  take 
high  rank  among  the  greatest  classical  scho- 
lars which  the  century  has  produced.  Dr. 
McCaul  married  in  1840,  Emily,  the  second 
daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  Justice  Jones. 
His  wife,  three  sons  and  three  daughters 
survive  him. 

Cro§§,  Hon.  Alexander,  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  Montreal,  was 
born  on  a  farm  situated  on  the  banks  of 
the  Clyde,  in  Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  on 
the  22nd  of  March,  1821,  and  came  to 
Montreal  with  his  parents  when  only  a  boy 
of  five  years  of  age.  His  father,  Robert 
Cross,  was  a  gentleman  farmer,  and  was  a 
scion  of  the  Cross  family  who  for  many  gen- 
erations lived  in  Old  Monklands,  and  were 
among  the  well-to-do  farmers  in  that  part 
of  Scotland.  His  mother,  Janet  Selkirk, 
was  from  an  adjoining  parish.  Mr.  Cross, 
sr.,  died  about  a  year  after  his  arrival  in 
Canada,  and  this  sad  event  rendered  it  ne- 
cessary for  the  family  to  remove  to  a  farm 
on  the  Chateauguay  river,  the  land  on  which 
the  celebrated  battle  of  that  name  was 
fought  between  a  handful  of  Canadian  mili- 
tia and  a  strong  force  of  United  States  troops 
— the  Canadians  coming  off  victorious — 
during  the  war  of  1812-14.  Alexander,  who 
was  the  youngest  son  of  the  family,  as  he 
grew  up  to  manhood,  showed  a  strong  lean- 
ing towards  literary  pursuits  instead  of  to- 
wards agriculture  ;  and  in  his  laudable  de- 
sire for  knowledge  he  was  encouraged  by 
his  elder  brother,  who  had  been  educated 
for  the  Scottish  bar,  and  who,  while  he 
lived,  helped  him  in  every  way  possible  to 
gratify  his  literary  aspirations.  In  1837,  at 
the  age  of  sixteen,  he  left  the  farm  and  went 


166 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


to  Montreal  to  study.  Here  he  entered  the 
Montreal  College  as  a  pupiJ,  but  after  being 
a  short  time  in  this  institution  he  found  the 
classes  did  not  progress  fast  enough  to  suit 
his  restless  craving  for  knowledge,  when  he 
left  and  put  himself  under  private  tutors. 
He  also  entered  the  office  of  John  J.  Day, 
of  Montreal,  to  study  law  ;  and  the  rebellion 
at  this  time  breaking  out,  he  enlisted  as  a 
volunteer  in  Colonel  Maitland's  battalion, 
and  served  in  this  corps  until  the  close  of 
the  rebellion  in  1838,  retiring  with  the  rank 
of  sergeant.  When  the  rebels  were  defeated 
at  Beauharnois,  Sergeant  Cross  was  among 
the  first  to  enter  the  village.  And  in  this 
connection  we  may  say  that  while  a  law 
student  he  was  chosen  clerk  of  the  first  muni- 
cipal council  of  the  county  of  Beauharnois, 
then  embracing  three  or  four  times  its  pre- 
sent area,  and  so  well  did  he  perform  his 
duties  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  council 
that  he  was  highly  complimented  for  the 
ability  he  displayed,  by  such  gentlemen  as 
Lord  Selkirk  and  Edward  Gibbon  Wake- 
field,  who  were  guests  at  the  Seignory  house, 
staying  there  to  observe  the  working  of  the 
new  institution.  Mr.  Cross  was  called  to 
the  bar  in  1844,  and  practised  his  profession 
in  Montreal  more  than  thirty  years,  at  first 
with  the  late  Duncan  Fisher, Q.C. ,  and  subse- 
quently with  Attorney- General  Smith  (who 
afterwards  became  the  Hon.  Judge  Smith). 
During  this  long  period  Mr.  Cross  had  an 
extensive  and  remunerative  practice,  and  on 
several  occasions  he  represented  the  Crown 
while  connected  with  the  distinguished  gen- 
/  tlemen  mentioned  vabove.  During  the  ad- 
ministration of  Viscount  Monck,  in  1864, 
he  was  created  a  Queen's  counsel.  On  the 
30th  of  August,  1877,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Queen's  Bench  for 
the  province  of  Quebec,  and  took  his  seat 
the  first  of  the  following  month,  at  a  session 
of  the  court  held  in  the  city  of  Quebec. 
Judge  Cross,  while  in  practice  at  the  bar, 
held  a  foremost  position  among  the  legal 
fraternity.  On  the  bench  he  has  met  the 
expectations  of  his  many  admirers,  and  his 
judicial  opinions  have  been  received  by  the 
Supreme  Court  and  the  Privy  Council  with 
marked  consideration.  He  has  been  iden- 
tified with  Montreal  since  his  boyhood  days, 
and  has  seen  the  great  progress  that  city 
has  made  since  he  first  entered  it  at  his 
mother's  side.  In  1837-8,  as  we  have  seen, 
he  helped  to  quell  the  rebellion,  and  in 
1849  he  was  present  at  the  burning  of  the 
parliament  houses,  incident  on  the  passing 
of  the  Rebellion  Losses  Bill,  and  assisted 
the  late  Sir  Louis  H.  Lafontaine  and  some 


others  of  the  notable  politicians  of  that  day 
in  making  their  escape  from  the  burning 
building,  escorting  them  unmolested  through 
the  turbulent  crowd  of  rioters,  among  whom 
he  exercised  a  certain  amount  of  influence. 
Judge  Cross  seems  always  to  have  had  an 
aversion  to  public  life,  and  even  in  hi& 
younger  days  when  he  was  offered  political 
positions  of  honour,  he  always  declined 
them.  In  1863  he  was  offered  by  the  Liberal 
government  then  in  power  the  position  of 
secretary  to  the  commission  for  the  codifi- 
cation of  the  laws  of  Canada,  and  at  a  later 
date  the  office  of  attorney-general  in  the 
de  Boucherville  administration,  but  he  re- 
fused to  accept  either  of  these  important 
offices.  He  has,  nevertheless,  suggested  and 
assisted  in  framing  legislative  measures  of 
general  utility,  among  which  may  be  men- 
tioned the  first  statute  passed  in  Canada  for 
the  abolition  of  the  Usury  laws.  He  is  also 
the  inventor  of  a  new  and  ingenious  method 
of  rotation  of  numbers.  In  politics  the 
judge  leans  to  the  Liberal  side,  and  his 
ideas,  as  well  on  the  subject  of  finance  as 
on  the  theory  of  the  popular  principle  in 
the  election  of  representatives,  are  noted 
for  their  originality  and  depth  of  thought. 
In  religion  he  is  a  member  of  St.  Andrew's 
(Presbyterian)  Church,  and  has  been  an 
office  bearer  in  that  church.  He  is  a  man 
of  good  impulses,  and  is  very  generous  to 
the  poor.  In  1848  he  married  Julia,  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  William  Lunn,  in  his  day  a 
prominent  citizen  of  Montreal,  and  they 
have  five  sons  and  one  daughter  living,  and 
have  buried  three  children,  the  last,  an  ex- 
ceedingly promising  youth,  in  his  sixteenth 
year. 

Baillarge,  Chevalier  i  has.  P.  F., 
M.S.,  Quebec.  The  subject  of  this  sketch, 
who  is  a  Chevalier  of  the  Order  of  St.  Sau- 
veur  de  Monte  Reale,  Italy,  was  born  in 
September,  1827,  and  for  the  past  forty 
years  has  been  practising  his  profession  as 
an  engineer,  architect  and  surveyor,  in  the 
city  of  Quebec.  Since  1856  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  Land 
Surveyors  for  the  province,  and  since  1875- 
its  chairman  ;  he  is  an  honorary  member  of 
the  Society  for  the  Generalization  of  Educa- 
tion in  France  ;  and  has  been  the  recipient 
of  thirteen  medals  of  honour  and  of  seven- 
teen diplomas,  etc.,  from  learned  societies 
and  public  bodies  in  France,  Belgium,  Italy, 
Russia,  Japan,  etc.  Mr.  Baillarge's  father, 
who  died  in  1865,  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight, 
was  born  in  Quebec,  and  for  over  thirty 
years  was  road  surveyor  of  that  city.  His 
mother,  Charlotte  Janverin  Horsley,  who 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


16? 


is  still  living, was  born  in  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
England,  and  was  a  daughter  of  Lieutenant 
Horsley,  R  N.  His  grandfather  on  the  pa- 
ternal side,  P.  Florent  Baillarge,  is  of 
French  descent,  and  was  connected,  now 
nearly  a  century  ago,  with  the  restoration 
of  the  Basilica,  Quebec.  The  wife  of  the 
latter  was  Cureux  de  St.  Germain,  also 
of  French  descent.  Our  subject  married, 
in  1845,  Euphemie,  daughter  of  Mr.  Jean 
Duval,  and  step-daughter  of  the  Hon.  John 
Duval,  for  many  years  chief  justice  of 
Lower  Canada,  by  whom  he  had  eleven 
children,  four  of  whom  only  survive.  His 
wife  dying  in  February,  1878,  he,  in  April 
of  the  following  year,  married  Anne,  eldest 
daughter  of  Captain  Benjamin  Wilson,  of 
the  British  navy,  by  whom  he  has  two  sons 
and  a  daughter  Mr.  Baillarge  was  educa- 
ted at  the  Seminary  of  Quebec,  bur,  finding 
the  curriculum  of  studies  too  lengthy,  he 
left  that  institution  some  time  before  the 
termination  of  the  full  course  of  ten  years, 
and  entered  into  a  joint  apprenticeship  as 
architect,  engineer  and  surveyor.  During 
this  apprenticeship  he  devoted  himself  to 
mathematical  and  natural  science  studies, 
and  received  diplomas  for  his  proficiency  in 
1848,  when  only  twenty-one  years  of  age. 
At  that  period  he  entered  upon  his  profes- 
sion, and  for  the  last  twentv  years  has  filled 
the  post  of  city  engineer  of  Quebec,  manager 
of  its  water  works,  engineer  of  its  new  water 
works  under  the  Beemer  contract  of  1883  ; 
engineer,  on  the  part  of  the  city,  in  and 
over  the  North  Shore,  Piles  arid  Lake  St. 
John  railways  during  their  construction. 
Mr.  Baillarge  has  held  successive  commis- 
sions in  the  militia,  as  ensign,  lieutenant, 
and  captain  ;  and  in  1860,  and  for  several 
years  thereafter,  was  hydrographic  surveyor 
to  the  Quebec  Board  of  Harbour  Commis- 
sioners. In  1861  he  was  elected  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Association  of  Architects  and 
Civil  Engineers  of  Canada,  [n  1858  he  was 
elected,  and  again  in  1861  unanimously  re- 
elected,  to  represent  the  St.  Louis  ward 
in  the  City  Council,  Quebec.  In  1863  he 
was  called  for  two  years  to  Ottawa,  to  act 
as  joint  architect  of  the  Parliament  and 
Departmental  buildings  then  in  course  of 
erection.  Interests  of  considerable  magni- 
tude were  then  at  stake  between  the  gov- 
ernment and  the  contractors, claims  amount- 
ing to  nearly  half  a  million  of  money  having 
to  be  adjusted.  In  connection  with  his  em- 
ployment by  the  government,  Mr.  Baillarge 
found  that  to  continue  his  services  he  must 
be  a  party  to  some  sacrifice  of  principle, 
which,  rather  than  consent  to,  he  was  in- 


discreet enough  to  tell  the  authorities  of  the 
time.  This  excess  of  virtue  was  too  moral 
for  the  appointing  power  and  more  than  it 
was  disposed  to  brook  in  an  employe  of  the 
government.  The  difficulty  was,  therefore, 
got  over  by  giving  Mr.  Baillargd  his  feuille 
de  route,  a  compliment  to  his  integrity  of 
which  he  has  ever  since  been  justly  proud. 
He  shortly  afterwards  returned  to  Quebec. 
During  his  professional  career,  Mr.  Bail- 
large'  designed  and  erected  numerous  pri- 
vate residences  in  and  around  Quebec,  as 
well  as  many  public  buildings,  including 
the  Asylum  and  the  Church  of  the  Sisters 
of  Charity,  the  Laval  University  building, 
the  new  Gaol,  Music  Hall,  several  churches, 
both  in  the  city  and  in  the  adjoining  parishes 
— that  of  Ste.  Marie,  Beauce,  being  muck 
admired  on  account  of  the  beauty  and  reg- 
ularity of  its  interior.  The  "  Monument 
des  Braves  de  1760"  was  erected  in  I860, 
on  the  Ste.  Foye  road,  after  a  design  by  him. 
and  under  his  superintendence.  The  gov- 
ernment, the  clergy  and  others  have  often 
availed  themselves  of  his  services  in  arbitra- 
tion on  knotty  questions  of  technology,  dis- 
puted boundaries,  builders'  claims,  surveys 
and  reports  on  various  subjects.  In  1872, 
Mr.  Baillarge'  suggested,  and  in  1878  de- 
signed and  carried  out  what  is  now  known 
as  the  Dufferin  Terrace,  Quebec,  a  structure 
some  1,500  feet  in  length,  overlooking  the 
St.  Lawrence  from  a  height  of  182  feet,  and 
built  along  the  face  of  the  cliff  under  the 
Citadel.  This  terrace  was  inaugurated  in 
1878  by  their  Excellencies  the  Marquis  of 
Lome  and  H.R.H.  the  Princess  Louise,  who 
pronounced  it  a  splendid  achievement.  In 
1873  Mr.  Baillarg^  designed  and  built  the 
aqueduct  bridge  over  the  St.  Charles  river, 
the  peculiarity  about  which  is  that  the 
structure  forms  an  arch  as  does  the  aque- 
duct pipe  it  encloses,  whereby,  in  case  of 
the  destruction  of  the  surrounding  wood- 
work by  fire,  the  pipe  being  self-supporting, 
the  city  may  not  be  deprived  of  water  while 
re-constructing  the  frost-protecting  tunnel 
enclosure.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  built  a  double  cylindered 
steatn  carriage  for  traffic  on  ordinary  roads. 
From  1848  to  1865  he  delivered  a  series  of 
lectures,  in  the  old  Parliament  buildings 
and  elsewhere,  on  astronomy,  light,  steam 
and  the  steam  engine,  pneumatics,  acous- 
tics, geometry,  the  atmosphere,  and  other 
kindred  subjects,  under  the  patronage  of 
the  Canadian  and  other  institutes  ;  and  in 
1872,  in  the  rooms  of  the  Literary  and  His- 
torical Society,  Quebec,  under  the  auspices 
of  that  institution,  he  delivered  an  exhaus- 


J68 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


tive  lecture  on  geometry,  mensuration,  and 
the  stereometricon  (a  mode  of  cubing  all 
solids  by  one  and  the  same  rule,  thus  re- 
ducing the  study  and  labour  of  a  year  to 
that  of  a  day  or  an  hour),which  he  had  then 
but  recently  invented,  and  for  which  he  was 
made  honorary  member  of  several  learned 
societies,  and  received  the  numerous  medals 
and  diplomas  already  alluded  to.  The  fol- 
lowing letter  from  the  Ministry  of  Public 
Instruction,  Russia,  is  worthy  of  insertion 
as  explanatory  of  the  advantages  of  the 
gtereometricon  : 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION, 

St.  Petersburg,  Feb.  14th,  1877. 
To  M.  BAILLARGE,  architect,  Quebec, 

SIR,— The  Committee  on  Science  of  the  De- 
partment of  Public  Instruction  (of  Russia)  recog- 
nizing the  unquestionable  usefulness  of  your 
"Tableau  Stereome'trique,"  for  the  teaching  of 
geometry  in  general,  as  well  as  its  practical  appli- 
cation to  other  sciences,  is  particularly  pleased  to 
add  its  unrestricted  approbation  to  the  testimony 
of  the  savants  of  Europe  and  America,  by  inform- 
ing you  that  the  above  "Tableau,"  with  all  its 
oppliances,  will  be  recommended  in  the  primary 
and  middle  schools,  in  order  to  complete  the  cab- 
inets and  mathematical  collections,  and  inscribed 
in  the  catalogues  of  works  approved  of  by  the 
Department  of  Public  Instruction.  Accept,  sir, 
the  assurance  of  my  high  consideration. 

E.  DE  BRADKER, 

Chief  of  the  Department  of  Public  Instruction. 

And  the  Quebec  Mercury  of  the  10th  July, 
1878,  has  the  following  in  relation  to  a  sec- 
ond letter  from  the  same  source  :  "It  will 
be  remembered  that  in  February,  1877,  Mr. 
Baillarge'  received  an  official  letter  from  the 
Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  of  St.  Pe- 
tersburg, Russia,  informing  him  that  his 
new  system  of  mensuration  had  been  adopt- 
ed in  all  the  primary  and  medium  schools 
of  that  vast  empire.  After  a  lapse  of  eight- 
een months,  the  system  having  been  found 
to  work  well,  Mr.  Baillarge  has  received  an 
additional  testimonial  from  the  same  source, 
informing  him  that  the  system  is  to  be  ap- 
plied in  all  the  polytechnic  schools  of  the 
Russian  empire."  Mr.  Baillarge  has  since 
ihat  time  given  occasional  lectures  i  a  both 
languages  on  industrial  art  and  design,  and 
on  other  interesting  and  instructive  topics, 
and  is  now  engaged  on  a  dictionary  or  dic- 
tionaries of  the  consonances  of  both  the 
French  and  English  languages.  In  1866  he 
wrote  his  treatise  on  geometry  and  trigono- 
metry, plane  and  spherical, with  mathemati- 
cal tables — a  volume  of  some  900  pages  oc- 
tavo, and  has  since  edited  several  works  and 
pamphlets  on  like  subjects.  In  his  work  on 
geometry,  which,  by  the  way,  is  written  in 
the  French  language,  Mr.  Baillarge  has,  by 


a  process  explained  in  the  preface,  reduced 
to  fully  half  their  number  the  two  hundred 
and  odd  propositions  of  the  first  six  books 
of  Euclid,  while  deducing  and  retaining  all 
the  conclusions  arrived  at  by  the  great  geo- 
meter. Mr.  Baillarge,  moreover,  shows  the 
practical  use  and  adaptation  of  problems 
and  theorems  which  might  otherwise  appear 
to  be  of  doubtful  utility,  as  of  the  ratio  be- 
tween the  tangent,  whole  secant,  and  part 
of  the  secant  without  the  circle,  in  the  lay- 
ing out  of  railroad  and  other  curves  running 
through  given  points,  and  numerous  other 
examples.  His  treatment  of  spherics  and 
of  the  affections  of  the  sides  and  angles  is, 
in  many  respects,  novel,  and  more  easy  of 
apprehension  by  the  general  student.  In  a 
note  at  foot  of  page  330,  Mr.  B  ullarge 
shows  the  fallacy  of  Thorpe's  pretended  so- 
lution of  the  trisection  of  an  angle,  at  which 
the  poor  man  had  laboured  for  thirty-four 
years,  and  takes  the  then  government  to 
task  for  granting  Mr.  Thorpe  a  patent  for 
the  discovery.  In  February,  1874,  he  vis- 
ited Europe,  and  it  was  on  the  15th  of 
March  of  that  year  that  he  received  his  first 
laurels  at  the  "Grand  Conservatoire  Na- 
tional des  Arts  et  Metiers,"  Paris.  Some 
of  Mr.  Baillarge's  annual  reports  on  civic 
affairs  are  very  interesting  and  instructive  ; 
th%t  of  1878,  on  "The  Municipal  Situa- 
tion," is  particularly  worthy  of  perusal. 
His  report  of  1872  was  more  especially 
sought  after  by  almost  every  city  engineer 
in  Canada  and  the  United  States,  on  ac- 
count of  the  varied  information  it  conveyed. 
It  may  also  be  remembered,  as  illustrative 
of  the  versatility  of  his  talent  and  of  his  hu- 
mouristic  turn  of  mind,  that  a  comedy,  "  Le 
Diable  Devenu  Cuisinier,"  written  by  him 
in  the  French  language,  was,  in  1873, 
played  in  the  Music  Hall,  Quebec,  and 
again  in  the  Salle  Jacques  Cartier,  Quebec, 
by  the  Maugard  Company,  then  in  the  city, 
to  the  great  merriment  of  all  present.  Nor 
will  the  members  of  "  Le  Club  des  21," 
composed  as  it  is  of  the  literati,  scientists 
and  artists  of  Quebec,  under  the  presidency 
of  the  Count  of  Premio  Real,  consul-gen- 
eral of  Spain  for  C  inada,  soon  forget  how, 
in  March,  1879,  Mr.  Baillarge,  in  a  paper 
read  at  one  of  the  sittings  of  the  club, 
around  a  well-spread  board,  successively 
portrayed  and  hit  off  the  peculiarities  of 
each  and  every  member  of  the  club,  and 
of  the  count  himself,  while  at  the  same  time 
doing  full  justice  to  the  abilities  of  all. 
Mr.  Baillarge  is  a  close  and  industrious 
worker,  devoting  fourteen  hours  out  of  the 
twenty-four  to  his  professional  calling,  and 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


169 


again  robbing  the  night  for  the  time  to 
pursue  his  literary  and  scientific  pursuits. 
In  politics,  if  he  may  be  said  to  have  any, 
he  is  inclined  to  liberalism,  but  he  is  of 
too  independent  a  character  to  be  tied  to 
a  party,  preferring  to  treat  each  question 
on  its  merits,  irrespective  of  its  promoters. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  brother  to  G. 
F.  Baillarge",  deputy  minister  of  Public 
Works  of  the  Dominion,  and  grand  nephew 
to  Frangois  Baillarge,  an  eminent  painter 
and  sculptor  "  de  I'Acadfcmie  Royale  de 
Peinture  et  Sculpture,  France, "  who  carved 
some  of  the  statues  in  the  Bisilica,  and 
whose  studio  in  St.  Louis  street,  Quebec 
(the  quaint  old  one-story  building,  now 
Campbell's  livery  stable),  was  at  that  time 
so  often  visited  by  Prince  Edward,  Duke 
of  Kent,  father  of  Queen  Victoria,  during 
his  sojourn  in  Quebec.  A  portrait  of  Mr. 
Baillarge',  accompanied  by  a  brief  biograph- 
ical notice,  appeared  in  "  L'Opinion  Pub- 
lique,"  of  the  25th  April,  3878.  The  "  Ri- 
vista  Universale,"  of  Italy,  also  published 
his  portrait  and  a  biographical  sketch  of 
Mr.  Baillarge'a  career  in  February  of  1878. 
Since  1879  Mr.  Baillarge  has  been  the  re- 
cipient of  the  following  additional  testi- 
monials : 

EOYAL  CANADIAN  ACADEMY  OP  ARTS, 
Grenville  St.,  Toronto,  Jan.  7th,  1880. 

DEAR  SIR,— I  am  commanded  by  His  Excellen- 
cy the  Governor-General  (Marquis  of  Lome),  to 
inform  you  that  he  has  been  pleased  to  nominate 
you  as  an  associate  of  the  New  Canadian  Acad- 


( Signed), 


L.  N.  O'BRIEN, 

President. 


ROYAL  SOCIETY  OP  CANADA, 

Montreal,  March  7th,  1882. 

SIR, — I  have  the  honour  to  intimate  to  yon  by 
request  of  the  Governor-General  (Marquis  of 
Lome),  that  His  Excellency  hopes  you  will  allow 
yourself  to  be  named  by  him  as  one  of  the  twenty 
original  members  of  the  Mathematical,  Physical, 
and  Chemical  Section  of  the  New  Literary  and 
Scientific  Society  of  Canada,  the  first  meeting  of 
which  will  be  held  at  Ottawa  on  the  25th  of  May. 
Should  you  accept  be  good  enough  to  state  what 
work  you  wish  associated  with  your  name.  I 
have  the  honour  to  be,  sir,  your  most  obedient, 
T.  STERRY  HUNT, 

President  of  the  Mathematical,  Physical,  and 
Chemical  Section. 

C.  Baillarge',  Esq. 

In  July,  1882,  Mr.  Biillarge  was  unani- 
mously elected  president  of  the  newly  in- 
corporated body  of  Land  Surveyors  and 
Engineers  of  the  province  of  Quebec, which 
position  he  continued  to  fill  till  1885. 


GOVERNMENT  HOUSE, 

Quebec,  18th  June,  1877. 

SIR,- -As  President  of  the  Canadian  Commis- 
sion at  Philadelphia,  I  have  had  occasion  to  show 
your  "  Tableau  Stere'ome'trique  "  to  the  represen- 
tatives of  Great  Britain,  France,  Germany,  Rus- 
sia, Spain,  and  Portugal,  and,  with  a  single  ex- 
ception, it  was  known  and  highly  appreciated  by 
all  of  them.  Monsieur  Lavoine,  engineer  of 
roads  and  bridges, with  whom  I  became  acquaint- 
ed in  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  in  charge  of 
the  exposition  of  models  of  the  Public  Works  of 
France,  spoke  to  me  about  it  then,  and  also  dur- 
ing a  visit  he  paid  me  in  Ottawa  last  fall,  in  the 
most  flattering  manner  for  you  and  for  Canadians 
generally.  I  am  happy,  sir,  to  hear  of  such  a 
testimony  which  does  you  credit,  and  also  to  know 
that  your  works,  which  have  been  crowned  so 
often,  both  in  your  own  and  foreign  countries, 
have  just  been  duly  appreciated  at  the  Universal 
Exposition  of  1876  at  Philadelphia.  I  remain, 
sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

L.  LETELLIER, 

Lieut. -Governor  of  the  Province  of  Quebec 
M.  C.  Baillarge',  C.E.,  Quebec. 


GOVERNMENT  HOUSE, 

Quebec,  June  18th,  1887. 

MY  DEAR  SIR,— If  you  could  possibly  call  at 
my  office,  I  would  have  the  pleasure  to  know  if 
you  would  consent  to  join  the  Society  of  Canadian 
Authors,  whom  I  should  be  pleased  to  see  now 
and  then  at  Spencer  Wood.  Yonrs  truly, 

L.  LSTELLIER. 
M.  C.  Baillargd,  Quebec. 

Gilpin,  Rev.  Edwin,  D.D.,  Senior 
Canon  of  St.  Luke's  Cathedral  and  Arch- 
deacon of  Nova  Scotia,  Halifax.  This  learn- 
ed divine  was  born  in  Aylesford,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  10th  of  June,  182] .  His 
parents  were  Edwin  and  Eliza  Gilpin.  On 
his  father's  side  he  is  descended  from  a  long 
line  of  illustrious  ancestors,  among  others 
Richard  De  Guylpyn,  to  whom  in  1206  the 
Baron  of  Kendal  gave  the  manor  of  Kent- 
more,  in  Westmoreland,  England.  There 
fourteen  generations  of  the  family  lived, 
and  there  was  born,  in  1517,  Bernard  Gilpin, 
well  known  as  the  "  Apostle  of  the  North." 
The  manor  was  lost  in  consequence  of  the 
loyalty  of  the  family  to  King  Charles  the 
First.  The  Rev.  Edwin  Gilpin,  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch,  was  educated  at  King's 
College,  Windsor,  N.S.,  and  in  1847  received 
the  degree  of  B.A.,  in  1850  the  degree  of 
M.A.,  in  1853  that  of  B.D.,  and  in  1863  the 
degree  of  D.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him.  In 
1848  he  received  the  appointment  of  master 
of  the  Halifax  Grammar  School  ;  then  he 
was  made  master  of  the  Halifax  High  School, 
and  then  followed  his  promotion  to  the 
principalship  of  the  Halifax  Academy,  in 
1864  he  was  inducted  as  canon  of  St.  Luke's 
Cathedral  (Episcopal)  ;  and  in  3874  he  was 


170 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


made  archdeacon.  He  has  taken  an  active 
interest  in  education,  and  done  a  good  deal 
to  place  the  public  schools  of  his  native  pro- 
vince on  a  satisfactory  footing.  Rev.  Mr. 
Gilpin  is  a  firm  adherent  of  the  Church  of 
England,  and  belongs  to  the  so-called  High 
Church  party.  He  is  married  to  Amelia, 
daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  Justice  Halibur- 
ton,  of  Windsor,  N.S. ,  who  is  well  known  as 
an  author  under  the  nom  de-plume  of  "  Sam 
Slick."  Rev.  Mr.  Gilpin'a  eldest  son  is  a 
gentleman  of  considerable  literary  ability, 
and  has  prepared  for  and  read  before  the 
North  British  Society  of  Engineers  and  the 
Royal  Society  of  Canada,  papers  on  the 
mining  industries  of  the  Dominion. 

L.ambly,  William  Harwood,  Regis- 
trar of  the  County  of  Megantic,  Inverness, 
Province  of  Quebec,  was  born  on  the  1st  De- 
cember, 1839,  at  Halifax,  Megantic  county, 
Quebec,  and  has  resided  in  the  same  county 
ever  since.  His  parents  were  John  Robert 
Lambly  and  Anne  Mackie.  Mr.  Lambly, 
senr. ,  was  for  nearly  twenty  years  registrar 
of  deeds  for  the  county  of  Megantic,  and 
his  father,  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of 
our  sketch,  was  for  more  than  a  quarter  of 
a  century  harbour  master  of  the  port  of  Que- 
bec, and  in  his  day  published  a  complete 
guide,  with  descriptive  charts,  of  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  from  Quebec  to  the  Gulf. 
The  family  removed,  when  William  was  a 
child,  to  Leeds,  in  which  place  he  lived  until 
I86J ,  when  the  chef-lieu  of  the  county  was 
established  at  Inverness,  whither  he  re- 
moved. He  commenced  his  education  in 
the  village  school,  then  attended  the  semin- 
ary at  Newport,  Vermont,  and  afterwards 
took  a  special  course  at  Victoria  College, 
Cobourg,  Ontario,  including  some  branches 
of  the  higher  mathematics,  French,  and  the 
classics.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  regis- 
trar of  the  county  of  Megantic  by  the  Hon. 
Charles  Stanley,  Viscount  Monck,  then  gov- 
ernor-general of  Canada,  and  has  held  the 
office  ever  since.  He  has  been  returning 
officer  at  every  election  in  the  county,  local 
and  federal,  since  that  time,  and  although 
many  of  the  elections  have  been  contested, 
no  complaint  has  ever  been  made  of  partial- 
ity or  irregularity.  He  was  appointed  a 
justice  of  the  peace  in  1863,  and  has  held 
the  appointment  ever  since.  Since  that  time 
he  has  tried  over  two  hundred  cases,  many 
of  them  being  for  infractions  of  the  license 
law,  and  no  judgment  of  his  has  ever  been 
set  aside  on  certiorari  or  appeal.  He  is 
also  a  commissioner  of  the  Superior  Court, 
and  a  commissioner  per  dedimus  potestatem. 
He  was  elected  a  municipal  councillor  for 


Inverness  on  an  anti-license  ticket,  in  1866r 
by  a  large  majority,  and  was  appointed 
mayor  of  the  township  at  the  first  meeting 
of  the  council  thereafter,  and  continued  in 
the  office  of  mayor  during  his  term  of  office 
as  councillor.  In  1868  he  declined  re-elec- 
tion, and  was  appointed  secretary-treasurer 
of  the  council,  and  also  of  the  school  com- 
missioners of  Inverness,  and  has  held  these 
offices  ever  since.  Under  the  Dominion 
License  Act  of  1863,  he  was  appointed  first 
commissioner  of  the  county  of  Megantic,  and 
then  president  of  the  license  board  and  by  his. 
vote  and  influence  not  a  single  license  was 
issued  in  the  county  from  the  time  he  became 
president  of  the  board  until  the  law  was  de- 
clared ultra  vires,  and  was  abandoned.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Association  of  Registrars  of 
the  Province  of  Quebec,  and  in  1866  was 
unanimously  elected  president  of  the  associa- 
tion, and  has  been  re-elected  unanimously  in 
1887.  He  joined  the  Sons  of  Temperance  in 
1855,  and  has  held  various  offices  in  his 
division,  and  the  Good  Templars  in  1869, 
and  was  rapidly  promoted  in  his  lodge.  In 

1878  he  first  attended  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
the  Province  of  Quebec,  and  was  unanim- 
ously elected  grand  worthy  councillor.     In 
the  following  year  he  was  unanimously  elect- 
ed grand  worthy  chief  templar  of  the  pro- 
vince, and  held  that   office  by  unanimous 
elections  for  seven   consecutive  years,   de- 
clining  the  election  for  the  eigth  term.     In 

1879  he  was  elected  representative  to  the 
Right  Worthy  Grand  Lodge,  and  has  since 
attended  every  session  of  that  body.     In  the 
Right  Worthy  Grand  Lodge  he  was  appoint- 
ed right   worthy   grand   marshal    in   1881r 
and   again   in   1882  ;    right   worthy   grand 
messenger  in  1883,  and  right  worthy  grand 
councillor,  being  the  second  highest  position 
in  the  body,  in  1885,  and  again  in  1886,  and 
which  office  he  still  holds,  and  he  has  this 
year   (1887)   been   appointed    deputy  right 
worthy  grand  templar  for  the  Province  of 
Quebec.      He   was  one   of   the  representa- 
tives of  the  R.  W.  G.  Lodge  in  Boston,  in 
]886,  at   the   conference   on   union    of   all 
Good  Templars  in  the  world,  and  was  one 
of  the  signers  of  the  original  basis  of  union. 
He  has  organised  a  number  of  Good  Tem- 
plar lodges  in  the  Provinces  of  Quebec  and 
Nova  Scotia,  and  has  given  many  lectures 
and   addresses  on   temperance   and    prohi- 
bition in  various  parts    of   the    Dominion,, 
and  in  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore, 
Washington,  Richmond,  Va. ;  Charlestown, 
S.C.,    Chicago  and  other  places.       He  is  a 
vice-president  of  the  Quebec  branch  of  the 
Dominion  Alliance  for  the  total  suppression 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


171 


of  the  liquor  traffic,  and  has  successfully 
fought  and  stamped  out  every  grog  shop  in 
Inverness,  although  there  were  nearly  a 
score  of  them  in  the  place  when  he  came 
there  to  live  in  ]  861 .  He  is  not  a  politician, 
and  never  takes  part  in  any  political  discus- 
sions. He  has  travelled  considerably  in 
Canada,  having  visited  the  chief  cities  from 
Halifax,  N.S. ,  to  Sarnia,  Ont.,  besides  many 
of  the  great  cities  in  the  United  States.  He 
is  a  Methodist  with  broad  Armenian  views, 
but  claims  every  man  as  a  brother,  no  mat- 
ter what  church  he  belongs  to.  if  he  loves 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  It  will  be  seen  that 
Mr.  Lambly  is  an  enthusiastic  temper- 
ance man.  He  totally  abstains  from  all 
intoxicants  and  narcotics,  and  has  never 
tasted  any  kind  of  spirituous  liquors,  wine, 
or  cider.  Consequently  he  is  an  out  and 
out  prohibitionist,  wiJl  never  consent  to 
license,  in  any  shape  or  form,  for  the  sale  of 
liquors.  He  has  an  undying  hate  to  what 
he  calls  the  thrice  accursed  traffic  in  strong 
drink,  and  deals  it  deadly  blows  on  every 
opportune  occasion.  He  hopes  to  see  the 
bright  and  glorious  day  dawn  on  this  fair 
Dominion  when  we  shall  have  prohibition 
pure  and  simple  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific.  On  the  25th  June,  1863,  he  was 
married  at  Lachute,  P.  Q.,  to  Isabella  D. 
Brown,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  W.  D.  Brown, 
a  Methodist  minister  now  in  his  79th  year, 
yet  actively  engaged  preaching  the  gospel. 
The  fruit  of  this  marriage  has  been  four 
sons  and  three  daughters,  one  of  whom  died 
in  infancy,  and  the  two  eldest  sons  are  now 
studying  for  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist 
church. 

Jarvis  Frederick  William,  late 
Sheriff  of  the  county  of  York,  Ontario,  was 
born  at  Oakville,  on  the  10th  February,  1818. 
His  grandfather  was  a  devoted  U.  E.  loyal- 
ist, and  after  the  American  revolution,  left 
the  state  of  Connecticut  for  New  Bruns- 
wick, from  which  province  he  afterwards 
moved  with  his  family,  then  including  as 
boys,  the  late  Sheriff  W.  B.  Jarvis  of  Tor- 
onto, the  late  Judge  Jarvis  of  Cornwall, 
and  the  late  Frederick  Starr  Jarvis,  father 
of  the  sheriff  now  deceased,  to  Toronto,  in 
1808.  Frederick  Starr  Jarvis  afterwards 
settled  at  Oakville,  then  a  wilderness,  with 
no  road  through  the  bush,  and  with  few  of 
the  modern  appliances  for  the  ordinary  pur- 
suits of  forest  life.  Here  William  Frederick, 
the  eldest  of  a  family  of  eight  sons  and  four 
daughters,  was  born,  and  here  he  remained 
on  the  paternal  farm  until  1849,  when  he 
removed  to  Toronto  to  take  charge  of  his 
uncle's  business  as  deputy  sheriff.  In  L856, 


on  t  he  death  of  his  uncle,  he  was  appointed 
sheriff  of  the  counties  of  York  and  Peel,  and 
when  the  sheriftdom  was  divided  he  was 
made  sheriff  of  York,  and  this  office  he  held 
until  his  death,  in  Toronto,  on  16th  of  April, 
1887.  During  the  rebellion  of  1837,  Sheriff 
Jarvis  served  in  the  Queen's  Rangers.  Be- 
fore coming  to  Toronto  he  mariied  a  daugh- 
ter of  Captain  John  Skynner,  R.  N.,  who, 
with  three  sons  and  one  daughter,  survive 
him.  He  was  a  much  respected  citizen,  and 
as  highly  esteemed  as  he  was  well  known, 
He  filled  the  position  of  Sheriff  of  York — 
the  richest  shrievalty  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Ontario  government — with  dignity  and  abil- 
ity. He  was  a  member  of  St.  Peter's  Epis- 
copal Church,  Carlton  street,  in  whose  wel- 
fare he  always  took  a  deep  interest,  as  well 
as  of  the  Industrial  School  at  Mimico,  and 
of  a  number  of  city  charities. 

Clmreli,  Hon.  Cliarle§  Edward,. 
Commissioner  of  Public  Works  and  Mines, 
of  Nova  Scotia,  Halifax,  was  born  on  Tan- 
cook  Island,  Lunenburg  county,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  3rd  of  January,  1835.  He  is  a 
son  of  Charles  Lot  Anthony  Church,  whose 
ancestors  came  to  America  with  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers  in  1625.  His  great  grandfather,. 
Charles  Church,  was  a  United  Empire  loy- 
alist, who  left  New  England  on  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  rebellion,  and  settled  at  Shel- 
burne,  Nova  Scotia.  His  grandfather., 
Charles  Lot  Church,  who  was  only  five 
years  of  age  when  he  came  to  Nova  Scotia 
with  his  parents,  on  growing  up  into  man- 
hood, settled  in  Chester,  Lunenburg  county, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  afterwards  represented 
that  county  for  ten  years  in  the  House  of 
Assembly.  This  gentleman  was  one  of  the 
early  Reformers  of  the  province.  His  mo- 
ther, Sarah  Hiliz,  is  of  German  descent,  her 
ancestors  having  emigrated  from  Germany 
to  Lunenburg  in  1753,  and  was  amongst  its- 
first  settlers.  Their  descendants  are  noted 
for  their  mechanical  skill,  especially  in  ship- 
building. Charles  Edward  Church,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  received  a  fair  English 
education  at  the  schools  in  Chester  and 
Truro,  and  afterwards  followed  for  about 
ten  years  the  profession  of  teacher.  He 
then  went  into  mercantile  pursuits  at  La 
Have  River,  and  for  several  years  was  inter- 
ested in  the  fisheries.  In  1871,  Mr.  Church 
was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  peace.  He 
was,  in  1872,  elected  to  represent  Lunen- 
burg in  the  Liberal  interest,  in  the  House 
of  Commons,  at  Ottawa  ;  and  again  at  the 
general  election  in  1874,  he  was  returned  by 
acclamation,  and  sat  in  the  Dominion  parlia- 
ment until  1878.  In  1882,  Mr.  Church  was 


172 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


elected  a  member  of  the  Nova  Scotia  legis- 
ture,  and  again  in  1886.  he  was  returned  to 
the  same  position  by  a  large  majority.  He 
was  appointed  provincial  secretary  in  1882, 
-and  held  the  office  until  1884,  when  he  was 
appointed  Commissioner  of  Public  Works 
.and  Mines,  and  this  office  he  still  holds. 
Mr.  Church  is  a  Liberal  in  politics,  and  for 
the  past  twenty  years,  has  taken  an  active 
interest  in  both  federal  and  provincial 
-questions,  and  stands  high  as  a  progressive 
statesman,  He  also  takes  an  interest  in  all 
moral  reforms,  and  was  formerly  a  member 
of  the  order  of  Sons  of  Temperance  and  of 
the  Good  Templars,  and  held  office  in  the 
Grand  Division  of  Sons  of  Temperance,  of 
Nova  Scotia,  and  also  in  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  British  Templars  of  the  same  province. 
Though  not  taking  as  warm  an  interest  in 
the  temperance  movement  as  formerly,  he 
is  still  a  strict  total  abstainer.  Mr.  Church 
has  travelled  over  a  considerable  portion  of 
the  Dominion  of  Canada,  and  through  parts 
of  the  United  States.  Hd  is  a  Protestant, 
holding  broad  and  liberal  views  respecting 
religion  as  well  as  politics.  On  the  24th  of 
June,  1884,  he  was  married  to  Henrietta  A. 
Pugsley,  of  Halifax.  Her  father,  Henry 
Pugsley,  was  a  native  of  England,  and  her 
mother  a  native  of  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia. 

Buller,  Frank,  M.  D.,  Professor  of 
Ophthalmology  and  Otology  in  McGill  Uni- 
versity, Montreal,  was  born  near  Cobourg, 
Ontario,  on  the  4th  May,  1844.  He  is  the 
fourth  son  of  Charles  G.  Buller,  of  Camp- 
bellford,  Ontario,  who  was  educated  for  the 
Church  of  England  ministry,  but,  declining 
holy  orders,  came  to  Canada  in  1831,  and 
settled  near  the  town  of  Cobourg,  preferring 
agricultural  life  to  any  other  means  of  earn- 
ing a  livelihood.  His  mother,  Frances  Eliz- 
abeth Boucher,  is  the  second  daughter  of 
the  late  R.  P.  Boucher,  of  Campbellford  ; 
both  his  parents  are  still  living,  and  have 
attained  an  advanced  age.  We  may  say  that 
the  Buller  family  has  for  centuries  occupied 
a  prominent  position  in  the  south  of  Eng- 
land, and  it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  many 
of  its  members  have  distinguished  them- 
selves by  their  energy  and  ability  in  the  ser- 
vice of  their  country.  Dr.  Buller  received 
the  foundation  of  a  liberal  education  under 
the  paternal  roof,  and  subsequently  con- 
tinued his  studies  in  the  High  School  at 
Peterborough.  Having  chosen  medicine  as 
a  profession,  he  entered  the  Victoria  School 
of  Medicine,  of  Toronto,  and  graduated 
from  that  institution  in  1869.  Shortly  after- 
wards he  went  to  England  to  perfect  him- 
self in  his  profession,  where  he  soon  won 


the  diploma  of  membership  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Surgeons.  While  in  London  he 
spent  considerable  time  in  the  further  study 
of  general  medicine  and  surgery  in  St.  Tho- 
mas's Hospital,  and  satisfied  himself  that 
there  was  no  such  thing  possible  as  the 
attainment  of  perfection  in  all  the  branches 
of  a  science  so  far-reaching  as  that  of  medi- 
cine. He  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  the 
study  of  a  specialty,  having  reason  to  believe 
that  the  medical  profession  in  Canada  would 
be  willing  to  sustain  any  specialist  who  could 
bring  evidence  of  having  received  a  suffi- 
ciently thorough  training  to  merit  public 
confidence.  Keeping  this  idea  steadily  in 
view,  he  spared  no  pains  to  become  thorough- 
ly proficient  in  the  specialty  he  had  chosen. 
At  that  time  the  renowned  Von  Grafe  was 
still  living,  and  shedding  the  lustre  of  his 
great  fame  over  the  University  of  Berlin  ; 
Helmholtze,  too,  the  discoverer  of  the  oph- 
thalmoscope, honoured  the  chair  of  physical 
science  in  the  same  place  of  learning.  To 
receive  instruction  from  two  such  men  was 
to  drink  from  the  very  source  of  the  foun- 
tain of  knowledge  ;  and  to  Berlin  Dr.  Buller 
went  in  1870  ;  nor  was  he  disappointed  in 
his  anticipations  of  the  benefit  to  be  derived 
from  the  instructions  of  these  illustrious 
preceptors.  About  this  time  the  Franco- 
German  war  broke  out,  and  the  services  of 
every  available  medical  man  having  been 
called  for,  Dr.  Buller,  like  many  other 
foreigners,  volunteered  his  services  ;  and 
during  eight  months  he  acted  as  assistant- 
surgeon  in  the  military  hospitals  of  North 
Germany.  After  the  termination  of  the  war 
he  continued  his  studies  in  Berlin,  and 
served  for  one  year  as  assistant  in  the  Grafe- 
Ewers  Ophthalmic  Hospital  of  that  city. 
Early  in  1872  he  returned  to  England,  and 
was  appointed  clinical  assistant  to  the  Royal 
London  Ophthalmic  Hospital,  from  which 
position  he  was  promoted  to  the  office  of 
j  unior,  and  soon  afterwards  to  that  of  senior 
house  surgeon,  a  situation  which  he  held 
with  credit  to  himself  and  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  governors  and  staff  of 
that  institution  for  nearly  three  years.  Hav- 
ing thus  acquired,  in  a  few  years,  an  amount 
of  special  knowledge  and  experience  that 
under  less  favourable  circumstances  could 
not  have  been  gained  in  a  lifetime,  he  was 
prepared  to  take  advantage  of  the  first  op- 
portunity that  offered  for  establishing  him- 
self in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He 
then  returned  to  Canada,  and  chose  the  city 
of  Montreal  as  the  field  of  his  future  opera- 
tions. Early  in  1876  he  commenced  prac- 
tice there,  and,  owing  to  the  cordial  good- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


173 


will  of  his  professional  confreres,  obtained  a 
lucrative  practice  from  the  very  outset.  In 
the  month  of  May  of  the  same  year  he  was 
appointed  ophthalmic  and  aural  surgeon  to 
the  Montreal  General  Hospital,  and  lecturer 
on  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear  in  McGill 
University — positions  which  he  still  holds ; 
and,  judging  from  the  past,  we  anticipate 
for  him  a  long  career  of  honour  and  great 
usefulness  to  suffering  humanity.  To  his 
credit  it  should  be  said,  that  Dr.  Buller  has 
been  the  arbitrator  of  his  own  fortune,  he 
having  in  a  great  degree  bore  his  own  ex- 
penses while  securing  his  education.  He  is 
a  good  example  to  our  Canadian  youth,  and 
shews  plainly  what  a  young  man  can  accom- 
plish though  starting  with  a  capital  consist- 
ing only  of  determination  and  pluck.  Dr. 
Buller,  in  religious  matters,  is  an  adherent 
of  the  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics  may 
be  classed  among  the  liberals.  He  married 
Lillie  Langlois,  daughter  of  the  late  Peter 
Langlois,  of  Quebec,  and  has  a  family  of 
two  children. 

Willmott,  .lame*  Braiiston,  M.D.S., 
D.D.S.,  Toronto,  is  a  native  of  the  province 
of  Ontario,  having  been  born  in  the  county 
of  Halton,  on  15th  June,  3837.  His  parents, 
William  and  Ann  Willmott,  were  both  na- 
tives of  England,  but  came  to  this  country 
when  children.  After  a  few  years'  sojourn 
in  Little  York,  now  Toronto,  they  removed 
with  their  parents  to  the  very  verge  of  set- 
tlement in  the  central  part  of  Halton  coun- 
ty, where  they  did  faithfully  and  well  their 
part  in  converting  the  wilderness  into  a 
fruitful  field.  Dr.  Willmott's  early  life 
was  spent  on  the  farm,  and  his  education 
was  obtained  mainly  at  the  common  school 
in  the  neighbourhood.  In  J 854-5  he  was 
a  student  in  Victoria  College,  Cobourg, 
intending  to  take  a  university  course  in 
arts,  but  was  prevented  by  failing  health. 
Having  determined  to  devote  himself  to  the 
practice  of  dentistry,  he  entered  the  office 
of  W.  C.  Adams  as  a  student  in  1858.  On 
completing  his  pupilage  in  1860,  he  com- 
menced practice  in  the  town  of  Milton,  near 
his  birthplace.  Allying  himself  with  the 
Liberal  party,  from  a  profound  conviction 
that  the  principles  advocated  by  it  were 
best  calculated  to  advance  the  material  and 
moral  interests  of  the  country,  he  took  an 
active  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  town, 
and  was  soon  called  upon  to  occupy  posi- 
tions of  trust.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  a 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  for  several  years 
had  considerable  experience  in  that  capacity. 
Besides  minor  offices,  he  served  his  fellow- 
townsmen  for  three  years  in  the  municipal 


council,  and  for  two  years  of  that  time  was 
chairman  of  the  finance  committee.  In  1870 
he  entered  the  Philadelphia  Dental  College, 
graduating  doctor  of  dental  surgery  in. 
March,  1871.  Although  a  foreigner,  he  was 
chosen  by  his  classmates  to  deliver  the  vale- 
dictory on  commencement  day.  Desiring  a 
wider  field  for  practice,  he  removed  in  July, 
1871,  to  the  city  of  Toronto,  where  by  dili- 
gence and  skill  he  has  built  up  an  extensive 
and  lucrative  practice.  In  the  year  1866, 
Dr.  Willmott  was  actively  engaged  in  the- 
movement  to  place  the  dental  profession  of 
Ontario  on  a  better  footing,  which  resulted 
in  the  incorporation  of  the  profession  as  the 
Royal  College  of  Dental  Surgeons  by  the 
legislature  of  the  province  in  its  first  ses- 
sion, the  act  being  assented  to  March  3rdr 
1868.  From  that  date  the  doctor  has  beea 
very  closely  identified  with  the  development 
of  dentistry.  In  the  year  1870  he  was 
elected  by  his  fellow  practitioners  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Examiners  constituted  under 
the  provisions  of  the  Dental  Act,  and  on  the 
organization  of  the  board  he  was  chosen 
secretary.  At  each  succeeding  biennial  elec- 
tion he  has  been  re-elected,  and  has  also 
continuously  filled  the  position  of  secretary 
of  the  board.  In  1875  the  dental  practition- 
ers of  the  province  assembled  in  convention,, 
adopted  a  resolution  requesting  the  board  of 
examiners  to  establish  a  dental  college  in 
Toronto.  Acting  upon  this  resolution  the 
board  requested  Dr.  Willmott  to  undertake 
the  organization  of  the  college,  associating 
with  him  L.  Teskey,  M.D.,  M.R.C.S.  The 
first  session  of  the  college  opened  in  Novem- 
ber, 1875,  with  Dr.  Willmot  as  senior  pro- 
fessor occupying  the  chair  of  operative  and 
mechanical  dentistry.  This  position  he  has 
continued  to  hold  to  the  present  time. 
During  the  twelve  years  which  have  elapsed 
he  has  been  largely  instrumental,  in  his 
capacity  of  teacher,  in  developing  the  very 
creditable  degree  of  skill  which  distinguishes 
the  dental  profession  of  Ontario.  Since  his 
removal  to  Toronto  the  pressure  of  practice 
and  his  duties  in  the  college  have  prevented 
him  from  giving  much  attention  to  public 
matters.  What  leisure  he  has  been  able  to 
command  has  been  devoted  mainly  to  church 
work.  Born  of  Methodist  parents,  in  early 
youth  he  became  a  member  of  the  Metho- 
dist church,  and  has  filled  nearly  every  office 
open  to  a  layman.  Soon  after  settling  in 
Toronto  he  connected  himself  with  the 
Metropolitan  Church,  and  has  been  deeply 
interested  in  its  prosperity.  He  now  dis- 
charges the  duties  of  Bible -class  teacher, 
leader,  trustee,  and  treasurer  of  the  Trust 


174 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Board,  besides  being  local  treasurer  of  seve- 
ral important  connexional  funds.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Toronto  Methodist  Confer- 
ences of  1885  and  1886  and  of  the  General 
Conference  of  the  Methodist  church  which 
met  in  Toronto  in  September,  1886.  Dr. 
Willmott  married  in  September,  1864, 
Margaret  Taylor  Bowes,  niece  of  the  late 
J.  G.  Bowes,  ex-mayor  of  the  city  of  To- 
ronto, a  lady  estimable  in  every  relation  of 
life,  and  his  zealous  helpmate  in  every  good 
work. 

Patton,  II on.  Jame§,  Q.C.,  LL.D., 
Collector  H.M.  Customs,  Toronto,  was  born 
at  Prescott,  Ontario,  on  the  10th  of  June, 
1824.  He  is  the  fourth  son  of  the  late  Andrew 
Patton,  of  St.  Andrews,  Fifeshire,  Scotland, 
and  formerly  major  of  her  Majesty's  45th 
regiment  of  the  line.  Mr.  Patton's  eldest 
brother  (for  some  years  rector  of  Cornwall 
and  Belleville  and  archdeacon  of  the  dio- 
cese of  Ontario)  died  in  Belleville  in  1874. 
The  family  having  removed  from  Pres- 
cott to  Toronto  in  1830,  James  was  sent  to 
Upper  Canada  College,  where  he  received 
the  rudiments  of  a  sound  education  ;  and  in 
1840,  having  resolved  to  follow  the  legal 
profession,  he  entered  the  office  of  the  late 
Hon.  John  Hillyard  Cameron,  who  then 
carried  on  business  with  the  late  Chan- 
cellor Spragge,  to  study  law.  In  1843, 
on  the  opening  of  King's  College  (now  the 
University  of  Toronto),  he  matriculated  in 
arts,  and  graduated  in  law,  and  in  1858  took 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  In  1845  he  was  called 
to  the  bar,  and  took  up  his  abode  in  the 
town  of  Barrie,  Simcoe  county,  where  in  a 
very  few  years  he  acquired  an  extensive 
practice.  At  an  early  period  of  his  career 
Mr.  Patton  took  a  deep  interest  in  politics. 
The  agitation  consequent  upon  the  passage 
of  the  Rebellion  Losses  Bill,  and  the  burn- 
ing of  the  Parliament  buildings  in  the  city 
of  Montreal,  seem  to  have  acted  as  a  stim- 
ulus to  his  conservative  instincts.  There- 
fore, in  1852,  he  started  the  Barrie  Herald 
as  the  mouth-piece  of  his  party,  and  con- 
ducted it  with  great  energy  for  several 
years.  At  this  time  there  was  only  one  other 
paper  published  north  of  Toronto,  whereas 
now  there  are  nearly  forty.  In  the  mean- 
while he  was  also  engaged  in  legal  literature, 
— having  published  the  "  Constable's  Assist- 
ant " — and  in  1855  aided  in  the  establish- 
ment and  publication  of  the  "Upper  Can- 
ada Law  Journal."  In  1859  he  was  elected 
a  bencher  of  the  Law  Society,  and  having 
afterwards  been  a  solicitor-general,  is  now  a 
life  bencher  by  statute.  In  1862  he  was 
created  a  Queen's  counsel.  In  1853  Mr. 


Patton  took  into  partnership  Hewitt  Bjrn- 
ard,  and  the  year  following  the  late  Sidney 
Cosens,  and  in  1857  William  D.  Ardagh,  the 
Barrie  firm  changing  to  Patton  &  Ardagh  on 
Mr.  Bernard  being  appointed  deputy  Minis- 
ter of  Justice.  In  1860  he  opened  a  branch 
office  in  Toronto,  and  the  year  following 
was  joined  by  a  former  pupil,  Featherston 
Osier,  now  one  of  the  hon.  justices  of  the 
Court  of  Appeal,  and  subsequently  by  the 
late  Chief  Justice  Moss,  the  firm  being  known 
as  Patton,  Osier  &  Moss,  and  soon  obtained 
a  prominent  position.  In  1864  Mr.  Patton 
having  been  invited  by  Sir  John  A.  Mac- 
donald  to  take  charge  of  his  large  business, 
left  for  Kingston,  but  returned  again  to 
Toronto  in  1872,  on  the  removal  of  the 
Trust  and  Loan  Company's  office  to  that 
city,  Macdonald  and  Patton  being  the  com- 
pany's solicitors.  This  partnership  con- 
tinued until  1878,  when  Mr.  Patton  retired 
from  the  active  practice  of  his  profession, 
in  which  he  had  been  engaged  for  thirty- 
three  years,  and  took  charge  of  the  English 
and  Scottish  Investment  Company  of  Cana- 
da. This  important  position  he  held  until 
1881,  when  the  Dominion  government  ap- 
pointed him  Collector  of  Customs  for  Tor- 
onto. Since  that  period  he  has  faithfully 
performed  the  duties  of  this  responsible 
trust,  and  has  done  a  great  deal  to  improve 
and  simplify  this  branch  of  the  civil  service. 
Although  in  his  younger  days  Mr.  Patton 
was  an  active  politician,  yet  he  did  not  seem 
to  aspire  to  parliamentary  honours  though 
often  asked  to  become  a  candidate.  How- 
ever, when  in  1856  the  Legislative  Council 
(now  the  Senate)  was  made  an  elective  body 
and  Upper  and  Lower  Canada  were  mapped 
out  into  forty-eight  electoral  divisions,  with 
twelve  members  to  be  elected  every  two 
years,  he  presented  himself  as  a  candidate, 
and  was  one  of  the  six  returned  that  year 
for  what  is  now  Ontario,  for  the  group  of 
counties  consisting  of  Grey,  Bruce  and  North 
Simcoe,  known  as  the  Saugeen  Division.  As 
a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council  Mr. 
Patton  was  a  staunch  Conservative,  and  he, 
without  consulting  the  government,  moved 
(seconded  by  the  late  Sir  E.  P.  Tache)  in 
1858  in  that  body  the  resolution  condemning 
the  Brown-Dorion  government — the  same 
being  taken  up  by  Sir  Hector  Langevin,  sec- 
onded by  Hon .  John  Beverly  Robinson,  the 
next  day  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  —and 
carried  it  by  sixteen  to  eight.  In  1862  he  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Cartier-Macdonald 
ministry,  with  a  seat  in  the  Executive  Coun- 
cil (now  the  Privy  Council)  as  solicitor-gene- 
ral for  Upper  Canada — Sir  John  A.  Macdon- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


175 


aid  being  attorney- general— but  was  defeated 
when  seeking  re-election,  and  with  the  fall 
of  the  government  a  few  weeks  later,  he  re- 
tired from  public  life.  While  in  parliament 
the  Hon.  Mr.  Patton  carried  through  among 
other  measures  the  Debentures  Registra- 
tion Act,  and  the  act  that  has  elevated  the 
status  of  attorneys,  by  requiring  the  passage 
of  examinations  in  addition  to  the  mere  ser- 
vice under  articles  ;  also  amendments  to  the 
Grand  Jury  law,  but  was  unsuccessful  in  his 
attempt  to  introduce  the  Scotch  system  of 
doing  away  with  the  required  unanimity  of 
twelve  petit  jurors — the  bill,  though  passed 
by  large  majorities  in  the  Council  in  four  con- 
secutive sessions,  was  invariably  thrown  out 
by  the  Legislative  Assembly.  The  Hon.  Mr. 
Patton  assisted  at  the  formation  of  the  Uni- 
versity Association,  and  was  its  president  for 
several  years,  holding  the  office  until  his 
election  as  vice-chancellor  of  the  University 
of  Toronto.  This  latter  office  he  held  from 
1860  to  1864,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  the 
late  Hon.  Adam  Crooks,  Minister  of  Edu- 
cation. In  1861-2  he  was  chairman  of  the 
University  Commission  issued  by  the  Crown. 
In  1886  he  occupied  a  seat  in  the  council  of 
the  Board  of  Trade  of  Toronto,  and  did  good 
service  as  such  iu  helping  to  prepare  the  laws 
that  govern  that  important  and  influential 
body.  In  1853  he  was  married  to  Martha 
Marietta,  the  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
Alfred  Hooker,  of  Prescott. 

Harrison,  Hon.  Archibald,  Mem- 
ber of  the  Executive  Council  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, Maugerville,  New  Brunswick,  was 
born  at  Cambridge,  Queens  County,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  27th  May,  1834.  He  is 
a  son  of  the  Hon.  C.  Harrison,  at  one  time 
member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  New 
Brunswick,  and  Mary,  daughter  of  Jeremiah 
Burpee,  of  Sheffield,  one  of  the  first  English 
inhabitants  of  the  province.  His  grand- 
father, James  Harrison,  was  a  United  Em- 
pire loyalist.  Archibald  removed  with  his 
parents  from  Cambridge  to  Maugerville, 
Sunbury  county,  in  1847,  and  here  the 
family  has  continued  to  reside  ever  since. 
He  received  his  education  at  Cambridge  and 
Maugerville,  and  after  leaving  school  adopt- 
ed farming  as  a  profession.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Board 
of  Agriculture,  and  for  the  two  following 
years  occupied  the  same  position.  At  the 
bye-election  in  1868,  he  contested  Sunbury 
for  a  seat  in  the  legislature,  but  failed  to 
secure  a  majority  vote.  In  1870  he  was 
chosen  warden  of  his  county,  and  at  the 
general  election  held  during  this  year  was 
elected  to  represent  Sunbury  county  in  the 


Legislative  Assembly  of  New  Brunswick,  and 
on  the  8th  April,  1874,  he  was  called  to  the 
Legislative  Council  ;  on  the  3rd  of  March, 
1883,  he  was  made  a  member  of  the  Exe- 
cutive Council,  and  shortly  afterwards  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum 

mmission.  In  1886  he  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  board  of  works.  In  1873 
he  was  made  a  member  qf  the  senate  of  the 
University  of  New  Brunswick,  and  on  the 
expiry  of  his  term  of  office,  in  1885,  he  was 
re-appointed  to  the  same  position.  Poli- 
tically, Hon.  Mr.  Harrison  sides  with  ihe 
Liberals ;  while  religiously  he  belongs  to  the 
Congregational  body  of  Christians.  On  the 
5th  November,  1862,  he  was  married  to 
Amy,  daughter  of  W.  S.  Barker,  who  at  one 
time  represented  Sunbury  county  in  the 
New  Brunswick  legislature. 

Gilmonr,  John  Taylor,  M.  !>., 
M.P.P.  for  West  York,  residence  West  To- 
ronto Junction,  was  born  in  the  township  of 
Clarke,  county  of  Durham,  Ontario,  on  the 
3rd  March,  1855.  His  father  was  a  farmer 
and  manufacturer  of  lumber,  and  his  mother, 
was  descended  from  the  United  Empire 
loyalists.  He  received  his  education  at 
Port  Hope  High  School,  and  after  leaving 
this  institution  he  practised  the  profession 
of  teaching  for  two  years.  Tiring  of  this, 
he  resolved  to  adopt  the  medical  profession , 
and  entered  Trinity  Medical  College,  To- 
ronto, from  which  college  he  graduated  in 
1878.  He  then  opened  an  office  in  Durham 
county,  and  continued  his  practice  here  until 
L884,  when  he  removed  to  West  Toronto 
Junction,  county  of  York,  and  here  he  has 
since  resided,  and  has  met  with  a  fair  mea- 
sure of  success.  Early  in  1886  Dr.  Gilmour 
was  chosen  by  the  Reformers  of  West  York 
to  become  their  candidate,  and  when  the 
general  elections  came  on  in  December  of 
that  year  he  succeeded,  with  the  aid  of  his 
friends,  in  redeeming  the  riding  for  the 
Liberals.  In  politics  he  is  strongly  demo- 
cratic, and  is  destined  to  make  his  mark  in 
the  political  arena.  He  is  an  adherent  of 
the  Methodist  church.  He  was  married  on 
the  18th  March,  1878,  to  Emma  Hawkins,  of 
Canton,  Ontario  ;  but  death  claimed  this  es- 
timable lady  on  the  18th  March,  1886. 

William*,  Rev.  William,  D.D  ,  Pas- 
tor of  the  Division  Street  Methodist  Church 
Cobourg.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Williams  is  the 
eldest  son  of  William  and  Margaret  P.  Wil- 
liams, and  was  born  in  Stonehouse,  Devon, 
England,  January  23rd,  1836.  His  mother 
was  a  daughter  of  Robert  Pearse,  of  Camel- 
ford,  Cornwall,  England.  In  1842  the  sub- 
ject of  this  notice  removed  with  his  parents 


176 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


to  Toronto.  During  the  four  years  of  his 
residence  in  that  city  he  attended  school, 
and  the  latter  part  of  the  time  he  was  en- 
gaged in  preparing  to  enter  Upper  Canada 
College.  Before  he  had  completed  his  pre- 
paratory studies  he  removed  with  his  parents 
to  Weston,and  some  time  later  to  the  town- 
ship of  Holland,  where  his  father  settled 
upon  a  farm.  Though  removed  from  school 
at  a  comparatively  early  age,  he  steadily 
pursued  a  carefully  prepared  course  of  read- 
ing and  study,  and  in  his  nineteenth  year 
he  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist 
New  Connexion  church.  His  record  in  that 
community  was  that  of  a  successful  minister 
of  the  gospel.  Before  the  union  he  was 
during  four  years  chairman  of  a  district ; 
was  one  year  president  of  the  Methodist 
New  Connexion  Conference,  and  was  acting 
president  during  the  greater  part  of  the 
following  year,  filling  the  place  left  vacant 
by  the  lamented  death  of  the  president,  the 
Rev.  Samuel  P.  Gundy.  The  Rev.  W.  Wil- 
liams took  an  active  part  in  promoting  the 
union  of  the  New  Connexion  and  Wesleyan 
Methodist  churches  in  this  country,  being  on 
both  committees  ;  and  in  1874  he  was  sent  by 
his  conference,  with  the  late  Robert  Wilkes, 
M.P.  of  Toronto,  as  a  deputation  to  the  New 
Connexion  Conference  of  England  to  obtain 
the  consent  of  that  body  to  the  contemplated 
union  in  Canada.  In  this  he  and  his  com- 
panion were  completely  successful.  Not 
only  was  the  requested  consent  given,  but 
Mr.  Wilkes  and  Mr.  Williams  were  heartily 
thanked  for  the  manner  in  wTiich  they  had 
presented  the  matter  before  the  conference. 
In  1875,  after  this  union  had  been  consum- 
mated, and  while  he  was  in  charge  of  the 
church  in  Simcoe,  Rev.  Mr.  Williams  was 
sent  with  W.  H.  Gibbs,  of  Oshawa,  by  the 
Central  Board  of  Missions  as  a  deputation 
to  attend  the  missionary  services  in  the  lead- 
ing Methodist  Churches  in  New  Brunswick, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  Prince  Edward  Island. 
In  1876,  in  response  to  the  special  request 
of  the  Centenary  Church,  Hamilton,  Rev. 
Mr.  Williams  was  sent  to  that  charge,  then 
the  largest  and  most  influential  in  the  Lon- 
don conference.  He  remained  there  for 
the  full  term  of  three  years.  A  leading 
member  of  that  church  speaks  of  his  minis- 
try in  that  place  : — "  His  discourses  showed 
him  to  be  a  man  of  culture,  of  extensive 
reading,  of  careful  thought,  and  of  sound 
judgment.  The  Centenary  Church  never, 
1  believe,  had  a  better  expounder  of  the 
Word  of  God,  or  a  more  faithful  preacher  of 
the  gospel.  Conscientious  in  the  discharge 
of  his  duty,  whatsoever  he  seemed  to  feel 


should  be  said  he  spoke  boldly  whether  it 
was  likely  to  please  or  displease  At  the 
same  time  he  evinced  such  qualities  of  heart, 
such  sympathy,  such  desire  to  do  his  people 
good,  as  secured  for  him  their  affection,  and 
made  him  very  influential.  As  a  man,  Mr. 
Williams  was  liked  by  all  who  knew  him. 
He  was  pleasant  and  unassuming,  easy  to 
approach,  and  was  ready  to  lend  a  helping 
hand."  In  1879  Rev.  Mr.  Williams  became 
pastor  of  Norfolk  Street  Church,  Guelph. 
He  remained  there  during  the  full  term  of 
three  years,  was  acceptable  and  useful,  and 
during  his  ministry  there  the  membership 
of  the  church  and  congregation  was  largely 
increased ;  the  debt  upon  the  building  in 
which  they  worshipped  reduced  by  several 
thousand  dollars  ;  and  the  financial  condi- 
tion of  the  church  greatly  improved  in  other 
respects.  He  was  also  chairman  of  the 
Guelph  district  during  the  three  years  of  his 
pastorate  in  that  city.  The  following  three 
years  were  spent  by  him  in  Woodstock, 
where  he  ministered  to  a  very  large  congre- 
gation in  one  of  the  finest  church  edifices  in 
the  province.  The  first  year  of  his  pastorate 
in  Woodstock  was  marked  by  his  elevation 
to  the  presidency  of  the  London  Conference- 
This  position  he  filled  with  acceptance  and 
ability.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Woodstock 
district  during  the  full  term  of  his  ministry 
in  that  rapidly  rising  town.  At  the  request 
of  theCobourg  (Division  street)  Church  Rev. 
Mr.  Williams  was,  in  L885,  transferred  to 
the  Bay  of  Quint  e  conference,  and  appointed 
to  Cobourg.  There  he  preaches  to  a  large 
and  intelligent  congregation,  comprising,  in 
addition  to  the  general  hearers,  the  princi- 
pal, professors  and  students  of  Victoria, 
University.  Mr.  Williams  is  also  chairman 
of  the  Cobourg  district.  In  May,  1887,. 
the  senate  of  Victoria  University  conferred 
upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor,  of 
Divinity. 

Glacktneyer,  Charle§,  City  Clerk, 
Montreal,  was  born  in  Montreal  on  the  22nd 
June,  1820.  He  is  of  German  extraction, 
and  belongs  to  a  family  noted  for  its  lon- 
gevity, his  father,  Frederick  Glackmeyer, 
having  died  in  1875,  aged  eighty -four  years. 
His  mother  was  Sophie  Roy  Portelance,  a 
French-Canadian  lady,  who  died  about  1854. 
His  grandfather  came  to  Canada  as  band- 
master with  one  of  the  British  regiments, 
and  settled  in  the  city  of  Quebec,  where  he 
was  a  professor  of  and  taught  music  for 
many  years,  and  died  at  an  advanced  age. 
Charles  was  educated  at  the  Montreal  Col- 
lege, taking  a  full  course,  and  afterwards 
studied  law  with  Peltier  and  Bourret.  In 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


177 


1843  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  after 
practising  his  profession  for  three  years, 
entered  the  service  of  the  City  Corporation 
as  assistant  city  clerk.  This  position  he  held 
until  1859,  when  he  was  elected  city  clerk, 
and  this  office  he  still  holds.  Mr  Glack- 
meyer  is  a  model  official,  is  rarely  absent 
from  his  post,  and  one  in  whom  the  citizens 
have  the  fullest  confidence,  and  whom  they 
delight  to  honor.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  church,  and  people  who 
know  him  best  speak  most  highly  of  his 
moral  and  religious  character  and  the  purity 
of  the  life  he  leads.  On  the  30th  May,  1848, 
he  was  married  to  M.  R.  Josephine  D aver- 
nay,  of  Montreal,  eldest  daughter  of  Ludger 
Duvernay,  founder  of  the  Minerve  news- 
paper, and  of  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society 
of  Montreal.  The  fruits  of  this  marriage  has 
been  ten  children,  only  three  of  whom  now 
survive. 

Gilpiii,  Edwin,  jr.,  Deputy  Commis- 
sioner of  Public  Works  and  Mines,  and  Chief 
Inspector  of  Mines  for  the  Province  of  Nova 
Scotia,  Halifax,  was  born  at  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  28th  of  October,  1850.  His 
father,  the  Rov.  Edwin  Gilpin,  D.D.,  is  the 
senior  canon  of  St.  Luke's  Cathedral,  and 
archdeacon  of  Nova  Scotia  (see  sketch  of 
Archdeacon  Gilpin  in  another  part  of  this 
volume),  and  his  mother  is  Amelia  McKay, 
daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  Justice  Halibur- 
ton.  Edwin  Gilpin  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  at  the  Halifax  Grammar 
School,  and  then  entered  King's  College, 
Windsor,  where  he  graduated  A.B. ,  in  1871. 
He  then  took  the  arts  course,  with  special 
courses  in  mining,  geology,  and  chemistry, 
and  received  the  degree  of  A.M.,  in  ]873, 
and  at  the  same  time  won  the  "  Welsfprd," 
"  General  Williams,"  and  ' '  Alumni  "  prizes. 
After  leaving  college  he  began  the  practical 
study  of  mining-engineering  in  Nova  Sco- 
tia, and  especially  in  the  Albion  collieries  of 
the  General  Mining  Association  in  Pictou 
county,  and  extended  his  observations  in  the 
leading  mining  districts  in  Great  Britain. 
On  the  1st  of  March,  1874,  he  was  elected  a 
fellow  of  the  Geological  Society  of  London, 
England  ;  and  in  April,  1873,  a  member 
of  the  Nova  Scotia  Institute  of  Natura] 
History.  On  the  21st  of  April,  1879,  he 
was  appointed  by  the  government  of  Nova 
Scotia,  inspector  of  mines  for  the  province 
which  position  he  now  occupies.  In  Sep 
tember,  1881,  he  was  appointed  a  member 
and  made  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Exam 
iners  of  Colliery  Officials  ;  and  in  Septem 
ber,  1885,  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Ame 
rican  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers.  In  Oc 
K 


;ober,  1886,  he  received  the  appointment  of 
ieputy  commissioner  of  Public  Works  and 
Mines  for  the  province.  Mr.  Gilpin  is  one 
>f  the  original  members  of  the  Royal  Society 
>f  Canada.  For  a  number  of  years  he  has 
acted  in  the  capacity  of  consulting  engineer 
n  the  Maritime  provinces,  and  has  done  good 
ervice  to  his  county  in  this  direction.  He  is 
he  author  of  a  popular  work  on  the  "  Mines 
ind  Mineral  Lands  of  Nova  Scotia,"  pub- 
ished  in  Halifax  in  1 883  ;  and  has  also 
contributed  valuable  papers  on  the  "  Sub- 
marine Coal  Fields  of  Cape  Breton  ;"  "  Nova 
Scotia  Iron  Ores  ;"  "  The  Manganese  of 
S"ova  Scotia;"  "The  Carboniferous  and 
Gold  Fields  of  Nova  Scotia  ;"  "  The  Geology 
of  Cape  Breton  ;"  and  various  other  papers 
on  the  geology  and  economic  mineralogy  of 
Nova  Scotia,  which  have  been  published  in 
the  Transactions  of  the  following  societies  : 
The  North  of  England  Institute  of  Mining 
Engineers  ;  The  Geological  Society  of  Lon- 
don ;  The  Nova  Scotia  Natural  History 
Institute  ;  The  Royal  Society  of  Canada  ; 
and  The  American  Institute  of  Mining 
Engineers.  He  has  also  written  several 
annual  reports  to  the  government  of  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  progress  and  development  of 
the  Crown  minerals  of  the  province.  Mr. 
Gilpin  takes  no  particular  part  in  politics  ; 
but  in  religious  matters,  he  is  a  staunch 
adherent  of  the  Church  of  England.  He 
was  m  irried  on  June  29th,  18^5,  to  Florence 
Ellen,  daughter  of  Lewis  Johnstone,  sur- 
geon, Albion  Mines,  Nova  Scotia.  Mrs. 
Gilpin's  father  is  a  nephew  of  the  late  Equity 
Judge  Johnstone,  and  provincial  grand 
master  of  the  Masonic  order.  Three  children 
have  been  born  of  this  union. 

Begin,  Rev.  Loui§  Nazaire,  D.D., 
Principal  of  the  Laval  Normal  School,  Que- 
bec, member  of  the  Academy  of  the  Arcades 
of  Rome,  and  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Can- 
ada, was  born  at  Levis,  on  the  10th  January, 
1840.  His  father,  Charles  Begin,  farmer, 
died  in  August  last,  1887,  in  his  ninety-first 
year;  his  mother,  Luce  Paradis,  died  about 
eighteen  months  ago,  in  her  eighty-second 
year.  After  attending  the  Levis  Model 
School,  then  under  the  direction  of  M.  N. 
Licasse,  at  present  a  professor  at  the  Laval 
Normal  School,  Rev.  Abbe  Be^in  followed, 
for  one  year,  the  mathematical  course  of  the 
Commercial  College  of  St.  Michel  (Belle- 
chasse).  That  course  was  ably  given  by  Pro- 
fessor F.  X.  Toussaint.  His  parents  sent 
him,  in  1857,  to  the  Little  Seminary  of 
Quebec,  to  follow  the  classical  course  of  that 
institution.  As  he  had  already  commenced 
to  study  Latin  with  M.  Lacasse,  he  was  en- 


178 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


abled  to  terminate  his  course  in  five  years, 
in  1862.  He  then  obtained  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Arts  at  Laval  University,  and 
was  the  first  to  carry  off  the  Prince  of 
Wales  prize.  He  resolved  to  adopt  a  reli- 
gions life,  and  entered  the  Grand  Seminary 
of  Quebec,  in  September,  1862,  where  he 
studied  theology,  while  teaching  the  class 
of  syntax  at  the  Little  Seminary.  The 
Seminary  of  Quebec  was  at  that  time  think- 
ing seriously  about  organizing  a  faculty  of 
theology  in  connection  with  Laval  Univer- 
sity, and  it  was  the  earnest  desire  of  the 
authorities  that  all  the  professors  of  that 
faculty  should  be  educated  in  Rome  itself. 
In  May,  1863,  his  Eminence  Cardinal  Tas- 
chereau,  then  superior  of  the  Seminary  of 
Quebec,  and  rector  of  Laval  University, 
proposed  to  Abbe*  Be'gin  to  go  and  pass  a  few 
years  in  Rome,  in  order  to  study  theology, 
take  his  degree,  and  then  return  to  Quebec 
as  professor  of  its  university.  This  propo- 
sition was  accepted,  and  on  the  4th  Septem- 
ber of  the  same  year,  Abbe"  Begin  left  Que- 
bec to  take  his  passage  at  Boston.  He  had 
as  travelling  companions  Abbes  LouisPaquet 
and  Benjamin  Paquet  (now  D  miestic  Pre- 
late to  his  Holiness  Leo  XIII.),  who  were 
also  sent  to  Rome  to  study  the  sacred 
science.  Abbe  Begin  was  absent  five  years 
and  returned  to  Quebec  only  in  July,  1868. 
He  followed  the  course  of  the  Gregorian 
University  of  the  Roman  College,  includ- 
ing dogmatic  and  moral  theology,  sacred 
scriptures,  history  of  the  church,  canonic 
law,  sacred  oratory,  and  the  Hebraic  lan- 
guage. His  professors  were  the  Rev.  Fath- 
ers Ballerini,  Cardella,  Sanguinetti,  Patrizi, 
Angellini,  Armellini,  Tarquini  and  Franze- 
lin  ;  the  two  last  named  became,  a  short 
time  afterwards,  cardinals  of  the  holy  Ro- 
man Church,  and  died  a  short  time  ago.  He 
received  all  the  minor  and  major  orders  in 
Rome,  and  was  ordained  a  priest  in  the 
Major  Basilica  of  St.  John  de  Latran  on  the 
lOtii  of  June,  1865,  by  His  Eminence  Car- 
dinal Vicar  Patrizi.  In  the  following  year 
(1866),  he  succeeded  in  obtaining  the  degree 
of  Doctor  in  Theology  at  the  Gregorian  Uni- 
versity. The  Seminary  of  Quebec  granted 
the  request  of  Abb£  Be^in,  and  gave  him 
permission  to  remain  some  time  longer  in 
Rome  to  make  a  special  study  of  ecclesiasti- 
cal history  and  Oriental  languages  :  the  He- 
brew, the  Chaldean,  the  Syriac,  and  the  Ara- 
bic. The  scholastic  year  1866-67  was  given 
to  these  interesting  occupations.  While  at 
Rome  he  resided  at  the  French  Seminary, 
via  Santa  Chiara.  After  the  great  Roman 
festival  in  connection  with  the  centenary  of 


the  death  of  St.  Peter  and  the  canonization 
of  the  saints,  in  1867,  he  went  to  Innsbruck, 
in  the  Austrial  Tyrol.  During  the  summer 
holidays  of  the  preceding  vears  he  had 
visited  Italy,  Savoy,  Switzerland,  Prussia, 
Belgium,  and  chiefly  France,  but  he  spent 
the  summer  of  1867  in  studying  the  Ger- 
man language,  so  rich  in  scientific  works  on 
history  and  holy  scripture.  On  the  30th 
September  of  the  same  year  he  started  for 
Palestine,  in  order  to  get  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted,— as  he  had  long  desired, — with 
certain  biblical  and  historical  facts.  He 
spent  more  than  five  months  in  this  trip 
through  Austria,  Hungary,  Roumania,  Ser- 
via,  Bulgaria,  the  two  Turkeys,  the  islands 
of  Tenedos,  Lesbos,  Rhodes  and  Cyprus, 
Lebanon  and  Anti- Lebanon,  Phoenicia,  Pal- 
estine, Egypt,  and  Sicily.  He  then  return- 
ed to  Innsbruck  to  continue  his  studies  in 
history  and  languages  at  the  Catholic  Uni- 
versity, under  the  celebrated  Professors 
Wenig,  Jungmann,  Hurter,  Kobler,  Nilles. 
He  left  Tyrol  on  the  2nd  July,  1868,  crossed 
France  and  England,  and  arrived  at  Quebec 
on  the  27th  of  the  same  month,  by  the 
steamer  Moravian,  of  the  Allan  line.  He 
brought  with  him  several  Egyptian  mummies 
and  archaeological  curiosities  he  had  acquir- 
ed for  the  museum  of  the  C  itholic  Univer- 
sity of  Quebec.  In  September  he  commen- 
ced to  teach  a  portion  of  dogmatic  theology 
and  ecclesiastical  history,  as  professor  of 
the  Faculty  of  Theology  of  Laval  Univer- 
sity. He  taught  from  1868  until  1884,  hav- 
ing also,  during  the  last  seven  or  eight 
years,  charge  of  the  pupils  of  the  Univer- 
sity, or  of  those  of  the  Little  or  Grand 
Seminary ;  he  was  also  prefect  of  studies  of 
the  Little  Seminary.  During  four  or  five 
winters  he  gave  numerous  public  lectures  at 
Laval  University  on  the  most  controverted 
and  interesting  questions  of  the  history  of 
the  Church.  A  select  gathering  filled  the 
hall  to  hear  these  lectures  given  every  week 
from  the  Christmas  vacation  till  Easter. 
The  first  year  (1870)  he  spoke  about  the 
prerogatives  of  Papacy,  and  refuted  the  ob- 
jections raised,  at  the  time  of  the  Council 
of  the  Vatican,  against  the  infallibility  of 
the  Pope,  considered  from  an  historical 
standpoint.  These  lectures  were  published 
in  a  volume  of  over  400  pages,  entitled, 
"  La  Primaute'  et  1'Infaillibilite  des  Souve- 
rains  Pontifes.';  In  1874  he  published  a 
second  work  entitled  "La  Sainte  Ecriture 
et  la  Regie  de  Foi."  This  work  was  trans- 
lated into  English  :  "  The  Bible  and  the 
Rule  of  Faith,"  in  1875,  and  printed  in 
London  by  Burns  &  Oates.  In  the  same 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


179 


year  (1874)  an  eulogy  of  Saint  Thomas 
Aquinas  was  published.  Abb£  Begin  had  de- 
livered it  at  Saint  Hyacinthe,  in  the  church 
of  the  Rev.  Dominican  fathers,  on  the  oc- 
casion of  the  sixth  centennial  anniversary  of 
the  death  of  Dr.  Angelique.  In  1875  he 
published  another  work  entitled  "  Le  Culte 
Catholique."  After  passing  six  months  (Oc- 
tober, 1883,  to  April,  1884)  at  Pont  Rouge, 
Portneuf  county,  to  recruit  his  health, 
Abbe*  Be^in  accompanied  to  Rome  the 
Archbishop  of  Quebec,  who  was  going  to 
sustain  the  rights  of  Laval  University  and 
the  division  of  the  diocese  of  Three  Rivers, 
before  the  Holy  See.  The  voyage  was  pros- 
perous, and  lasted  over  seven  months.  On 
his  return  from  Rome,  on  the  first  of  Dec. , 
^84,  he  found  his  friend,  Abbe"  Lagace", 
dangerously  ill.  Death  carried  away,  five 
days  later,  this  distinguished  priest,  who 
had  consecrated  the  best  part  of  his  sacer- 
dotal career  to  the  education  of  youth. 
Abbe"  Be*.;in  was  chosen  by  the  Catholic 
Committee  of  the  Council  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion to  occupy  the  important  post  of  princi- 
pal of  the  Normal  School,  hitherto  filled  by 
Abbe  Lagace",  and  this  choice  was  ratified  by 
an  order-in-council  on  the  22nd  January, 
1885.  Since  that  time  Abbe  Be^in  has  fulfil- 
led the  functions  of  principal  of  the  Normal 
School,  comprising  the  department  of  male 
and  female  pupil  teachers.  Last  year (1886) 
he  published  a  small  "  Aide-Me'moire,"  or 
"  Chronologie  del'Histoire  du  Canada,"  de- 
signed, as  indicated  by  its  name,  to  help  the 
memory  of  pupils  and  facilitate  their  pre- 
parations to  the  examinations  on  the  history 
of  our  country. 

Ander§on, Capt.  Edward  Brown, 
Sarnia,  was  born  at  Oakville,  in  the  county 
of  Halton,  Ontario,  on  the  24th  January, 
1838.  His  father,  Edward  Anderson,  was 
born  at  a  farm  known  as  "  Stenrie's  Hill," 
near  the  town  of  Moffat,  in  Dumfriesshire, 
Scotland,  and  died  at  Oakville,  in  December, 
1840.  His  mother,  Sarah  Ann  Williams, 
was  born  at  Port  Dover,  Lake  Erie  shore, 
and  died  at  Barrie,  in  January,  1878.  Cap- 
tain Anderson's  father  having  died  before 
his  son  had  reached  his  third  year,  very 
little  schooling  fell  to  his  lot,  as  he  was  in 
consequence  obliged  to  face  the  world  at  a 
very  early  age.  When  only  about  ten  years 
old  he  commenced  sailing  on  the  lakes,  and 
from  that  time  to  this  he  has  steadily  risen 
in  his  profession,  and  has  now  the  proud 
satisfaction  of  knowing  that  he  is  considered 
second  to  none  as  an  inland  sea  navigator 
and  is  in  command  of  one  of  the  finest 
steamers — the  Alberta— of  the  Canadian  Pa- 


cific Railway  Company,  on  Lake  Superior. 
Previous  to  his  taking  charge  of  the  Alberta 
he  commanded  for  seven  years  the  steamer 
Quebec,  of  the  Beatty  Sarnia  &  Lake  Su- 
perior line,  and  for  two  years  was  captain 
of  the  Campana,  of  the  Collingwood  line, 
and  for  the  last  four  years  he  has  sailed  the 
Alberta.  Captain  Anderson  left  Oakville  in 
1875,  and  took  up  his  residence  in  Sarnia, 
where  he  has  made  his  home  ever  since.  In 
1867  he  joined  the  Freemasons,  and  since 
then  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  that  ancient 
organization.  He  crossed  the  Atlantic  and 
spent  the  winter  of  1885-6  seeing  the  sights 
in  Europe.  The  captain  is  a  Presbyterian, 
and  is  a  firm  supporter  of  his  church  ;  but 
in  politics  he  takes  very  little  interest.  In 
August,  1885  he  was  married  to  Lucretia 
Waggoner,  whose  parents  at  that  time  re- 
sided in  Oakville,  but  in  1860  they  removed 
to  Ballard,  Kentucky,  where  they  both  died. 
Robb,  Alexander,  Iron  Founder,  Am- 
herst,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  Leicester, 
Cumberland  county,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
4th  of  March,  ]827.  His  parents,  Alexan- 
der Robb  and  Annie  Brown,  were  natives 
of  Bangor,  Ireland,  and  settled  in  Nova 
Scotia  a  great  many  years  ago.  Alexander 
was  only  about  eight  years  of  age  wht  he 
came  to  Amherst,  and  received  his  educav,  -•> 
in  the  public  schools  of  the  place.  Aft 
leaving  school  he  acquired  a  knowledge  o. 
the  tin  and  sheet  metal  business.  In  1848 
he  commenced  business  on  his  own  account, 
and  was  among  the  first  to  introduce  cast- 
iron  stoves  into  the  country.  In  1866  he 
built  a  foundry  and  machine  shops,  and  his 
business  has  grown  steadily  ever  since,  until 
his  works,  including  salesroom  and  offices, 
now  cover  a  space  of  about  two  acres.  In 
outside  industries,  Mr.  Robb  has  taken  a 
great  interest,  having  assisted  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  Boot  and  Shoe  Tanning  Com- 
pany,which  is  now  the  most  extensive  man- 
ufactory of  its  kind  in  the  province  ;  and 
previous  to  his  health  breaking  down  in 
1872,  he  was  an  active  promoter  of  the 
Spring  Hill  collieries.  Mr.  Robb  has  always 
been  a  strong  advocate  of  total  abstinence, 
and  has  the  honour  of  being  one  of  the  ori- 
ginal members  of  the  Amherst  Division  of 
the  Sons  of  Temperance,  the  pioneer  tem- 
perance organization  in  Nova  Scotia.  He 
took  an  active  interest  in  the  passage  of  the 
Free  School  Act  for  Nova  Scotia,  and  was 
also  an  advocate  of  the  confederation  of  the 
provinces.  He  had  strong  faith  in  the  ben- 
efits to  be  derived  from  these  measures  for 
some  years  previous  to  their  enactment, 
arising  from  a  conversation  he  had  had 


180 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


with  the  late  Hon.  Joseph  Howe.  Mr. 
Robb  is  a  Presbyterian,  and  for  the  past 
twenty-five  years  has  been  a  consistent 
member  of  that  church.  In  1855  he  married 
Emeline  Logan,  daughter  of  David  D.  Lo- 
gan, of  Amherst  Point,  whose  father,  Hugh 
Logan,  originally  came  from  the  North  of 
Ireland,  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
the  county.  His  surviving  children  are  : — 
David  W.  and  Frederick  B.,  who  have 
managed  the  business  of  the  firm  of  A.  Robb 
&  Sons  since  the  failure  of  their  father's 
health  in  1872  ;  Walter  R.,  who  is  associa- 
ted with  his  father  in  farming  and  other 
private  business;  Maggie  A.  and  Aubrey  G., 
who  are  both  at  home,  the  latter  still  pur- 
suing his  studies.  Mr.  Robb  has  won  for 
himself  the  character  of  being  a  man  of  per- 
severance and  strict  integrity,  and  is  greatly 
respected  by  all  who  have  the  pleasure  of 
his  acquaintance. 

Itl<v\eill,  John  Scars,  Barton,  M.P.P. 
for  Digby,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  St. 
Mary's  Bay  (now  called  Barton),  in  the 
county  of  Digby,  N.  S. ,  on  the  15th  June, 
1829.  His  parents  were  John  McNeill  and 
Frt-elove  Sabean.  His  great  grandfather, 
Niel  McNeill,  emigrated  from  the  north  of 
Ireland  to  New  York,  where  he  married  a 
Miss  Sears,  an  American  lady,  and  engaged 
in  mercantile  business.  After  the  close  of 
the  revolutionary  war  he  and  his  family 
came,  with  other  U.  E.  loyalists,  and  settled 
in  Long  Island,  then  in  the  county  of  An- 
napolis, now  in  the  county  of  Digby.  John 
Sears  McNeill  attended  the  public  school  in 
his  native  place,  but  only  at  intervals,  where 
he  learned  the  rudiments  of  reading,  writ- 
ing, arithmetic,  and  English  grammar.  He 
spent  his  youthful  days  on  a  farm,  and  had, 
when  a  mere  lad,  to  work  in  the  fields  with 
the  farm  labourers  and  do  his  share  of  hard 
work.  On  his  sixteenth  birthday  he  gave 
up  farming,  and  entered  the  store  of  George 
Bragg,  of  Digby,  as  a  clerk,  and  in  this  situ- 
ation he  continued  for  three  years,  when  he 
returned  to  Barton,  and  commenced  busi- 
ness on  his  own  account.  His  capital  was 
very  small,  but  he  determined  to  succeed, 
and  consequently  worked  hard  to  increase 
his  means.  After  a  few  years,  having  suc- 
ceeded remarkably  well,  he  resolved  to  ex- 
tend his  operations,  and  in  the  fall  of  1867 
opened  another  store  at  Maitland,  Yar- 
mouth county,  in  connection  with  Cyrus 
Perry,  to  whom  he  sold  out  his  share  in  the 
business  a  few  years  afterwards.  In  1871, 
in  connection  with  several  other  gentlemen, 
he  engaged  extensively  in  the  tanning  busi- 
ness, but  this  venture  not  proving  a  success, 


in  a  few  years  it  was  abandoned.  In  1875, 
in  company  with  some  others,  he  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  shingles  and  lumber 
at  Berwick  and  Factory  dale,  in  the  county 
of  King,  N.  S. ,  but  this,  from  lack  of  per- 
sonal oversight,  proved  unremunerative,  and 
was  given  up.  In  the  fall  of  1878  he  handed 
over  his  business  at  home  to  his  eldest  son, 
and  since4hat  time  has  devoted  all  his  ener- 
gies to  public  affairs.  Mr.  McNeill  was  ap- 
pointed a  justice  of  the  peace  in  May,  1864, 
and  a  commissioner  of  schools  in  1867.  On 
the  17th  January,  1873,  he  was  made  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Health.  He  was 
clerk  and  treasurer  of  Poor  District  No.  2, 
Wey mouth,  from  its  creation  into  a  separate 
district  in  1853  until  1865,  and  re-appointed 
in  1868,  and  still  holds  the  position  (1887) ; 
and  he  has  also  been  county  treasurer  for 
the  years  1881,  1883,  and  1884.  He  took  the 
temperance  pledge  in  1842,  when  he  was 
only  thirteen  years  of  age,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  Total  Abstinence  Society. 
On  the  introduction  of  the  order  Of  the  Sons 
of  Temperance  into  Nova  Scotia,  he  joined 
Union  Division,  No.  6,  Digby,  on  the  30th 
January,  1848,  and  continued  in  this  divi- 
sion several  years,  when  he  transferred  his 
membership  to  General  Inglis  Division,  on 
its  institution  at  Birton,  in  March,  1859.  He 
has  held  nearly  all  the  offices  in  the  gift  of 
his  division.  In  1860  he  was  initiated  into 
the  Grand  Division  of  Nova  Scotia,  at  its 
session  held  at  Yarmouth,  in  1860,  and  ever 
since  then  has  been  a  faithful  member  of 
the  order.  Mr.  McNeill's  father  was  a 
staunch  Conservative,  and  his  son  received 
his  political  training  in  that  school  of  poli- 
tics. During  the  election  contests  held  in 
1851  and  1855  he  worked  and  voted  with 
that  party  ;  but  in  1859  he  gave  his  vote  to 
the  Liberals.  He  was  opposed  to  the  con- 
federation of  the  provinces,  and  disapproved 
of  the  manner  in  which  Nova  Scotia  was 
forced  into  the  union,  contending  that  a 
vote  of  the  people  should  have  been  taken 
before  the  compact  was  entered  into.  In 
1867  he  was  urged  to  allow  himself  to  be 
nominated  as  a  candidate  for  the  Nova 
Scotia  legislature,  but  declined  the  honour. 
He,  however,  presented  himself  for  parlia 
meritary  honours  at  the  general  election  in 
June,  1882,  and  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
legislature  of  his  native , province,  and  was 
again  returned  to  the  same  house  in  1886. 
Mr.  McNeill  was  brought  up  in  the  Episcopal 
church,  and  adhered  to  that  church  until 
1862,  when  he  united  with  the  Methodist 
church,  and  has  remained  in  that  commun- 
ion ever  since.  In  politics  Mr.  McNeill  is 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


181 


a  Liberal  and  a  Repealer,  but,  above  both, 
a  lover  of  his  country,  and  a  gentleman 
who  has  done  a  good  deal  to  foster  its  in- 
dustries and  improve  the  social  condition  of 
its  people.  He  was  married,  first  at  Bar- 
ton, on  25th  December,  1852,  to  Ann  Eliza, 
daughter  of  William  Thomas.  This  estim- 
able lady  died  1st  October,  1869.  His 
second  marriage  was  solemnised  at  Bloom- 
field,  Digby  county,  24th  January,  1870, 
when  he  united  with  Alice  Maria,  second 
daughter  of  Edwin  Jones.  His  family  con- 
sists of  two  sons  and  two  daughters  living, 
all  of  whom  aie  married,  except  the  young- 
est son,  who  is  attending  college  at  Sack- 
ville,  New  Brunswick. 

DcsBrisay,  Tlieophiliis,  Q.C.,  Bath- 
urst,  New  Brunswick.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  a  son  of  the  late  Theophilus  Des- 
Brisay,  naval  officer  of  Miramichi  and  the 
eastern  ports  of  New  Brunswick,  and  grand- 
son of  the  Rev.  Theophilns  DesBrisay,  gra- 
duate of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  and  the 
first  rector  of  Charlottetown,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  who  died  in  1824.  He  is  of  Hugue- 
not descent,  his  ancestors  having  fled  from 
France  to  Ireland  at  the  time  of  the  revoca- 
tion of  the  Edict  of  Nantes ;  the  pioneer  in 
the  Dominion  of  Canada  being  Thomas  Des- 
Braisay,  captain  Royal  Artillery,  who  was 
sent  out  as  lieutenant-governor  of  Prince 
Edward  Island,  in  1777.  The  mother  of 
our  subject,  before  her  first  marriage,  was 
Lucy  Wright,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Thomas 
Wright,  first  surveyor-general  of  Prince 
Edward  Island,  and  was  the  widow  of  Cap- 
tain and  Adjutant  Colledge,  who  died  in  the 
first  decade  of  this  century  while  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  king  at  the  fortress  of  Quebec. 
Mr.  DesBrisay  was  born  at  Charlottetown, 
Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  13th  of  De- 
cember, 1816,  educated  at  the  Grammar 
School,  Miramichi,  studied  law  with  the  late 
Hon.  John  Ambrose  Street,  at  Newcastle  ; 
was  admitted  an  attorney  in  1839,  and  to  the 
Charlottetown  bar  at  Hilary  term,  1841,  and 
has  ever  since  been  in  practice  in  all  the 
courts  in  New  Brunswick  and  also  as  bar- 
rister of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island.  He  was  appointed  clerk  of 
the  peace  for  the  county  of  Gloucester,  N.B., 
in  1850  ;  and  is^also  clerk  of  the  County 
Court  and  clerk  of  the  Circuits.  He  was 
created  a  Queen's  counsel  by  the  Dominion 
government  in  1881,  and  appointed  Judge 
of  Probates  for  the  county  of  Gloucester  in 
1883.  Mr.  DesBrisay  is  a  past  master  of 
St.  John's  lodge  of  Freemasons,  Bathurst. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of  England, 
and  has  served  as  warden  of  St.  George's 


Church,  Bathurst,  for  many  years,  and. also 
as  delegate  to  the  Diocesan  Synod.  He  is  a 
lawyer  of  excellent  moral  character  as  well 
as  legal  standing.  He  married,  in  1851, 
Jemima  Swayne,  daughter  of  David  Swayne, 
of  Dysart,  Scotland,  and  has  five  children — 
four  sons  and  one  daughter.  Lestock,  the 
eldest,  is  a  clergyman  and  rector  of  Strath- 
roy,  Ontario  ;  Andrew  Normand,  is  in  mer- 
cantile business  in  Minneapolis  ;  T.  Swayne, 
is  an  attorney  and  barrister  practising  with 
his  father  ;  Charles  Albert  is  a  graduate  of 
the  Royal  Military  College,  Kingston  (class 
1880,  the  first  that  graduated),  and  a  civil 
engineer  now  practising  his  profession  in 
Minnesota,  an  d  Lucy  Isabella  is  at  home. 

Simcoe,  John  Graves,  Lieutenant- 
General,  the  first  Governor  of  Upper  Can- 
ada, was  born  in  the  town  of  Cotterstock, 
Northamptonshire,  England,  in  1752,  and 
was  the  eldest  son  of  Captain  John  Sim- 
coe,  commander  of  H.M.S.  Pembroke,  who 
was  killed  at  Quebec,  in  the  execution  of 
his  duty,  in  the  year  1759,  while  assisting 
Wolfe  in  his  siege  of  that  city.  On  young 
Simcoe  first  going  to  school,  at  Exeter,  at  a 
comparatively  early  age,  he  attracted  con- 
siderable notice  from  all  with  whom  he  came 
in  contact  for  his  proficiency  in  everything 
that  the  school  taught ;  and  he  was,  un- 
doubtedly, the  dux  of  the  school.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  he  was  removed  to  Eton, 
where  he  acquired  new  honours.  After  re- 
maining at  Eton  a  short  time,  he  was  re- 
moved to  Mereton  College,  Oxford.  From 
college,  in  his  nineteenth  year,  he  entered 
the  army,  either  he  or  his  guardians  having 
selected  that  profession  for  him.  He  was 
appointed  to  an  ensigncy  in  the  35th  regi- 
ment of  the  line  ;  and  as  hostilities  had  al- 
ready commenced  with  the  United  States  of 
America,  he  was  despatched  to  the  seat  of 
war  to  join  his  regiment.  He  arrived  at 
Boston  on  the  day  of  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill,  and  took  an  active  part  afterwards,  as 
may  be  seen,  in  the  great  American  war, 
when  the  American  colonists  threw  off  their 
allegiance  to  Great  Britain,  and  declared 
themselves  independent.  Ensign  Simcoe, 
having  served  some  time  as  adjutant  to  his 
own  regiment,  purchased  the  command  of  a 
company  in  the  48th,  with  which  he  fought 
at  the  battle  of  Brandywine,  and  where  he 
displayed  (although  very  young)  his  courage 
and  professional  attainments  by  the  active 
part  he  took  in  the  day's  proceedings.  Un- 
fortunately he  was  severely  wounded  at  this 
engagement.  Captain  Simcoe  was  always  a 
soldier  in  his  heart,  and  attentive  to  every 
part  of  his  duty.  He  already  saw  that 


182 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


regularity  in  the  interior  economy  of  a  sol- 
dier's life  contributed  to  his  health,  and  he 
estimated  the  attention  of  the  inferior  officers 
by  the  strength  of  a  company  or  a  regiment 
in  the  field.  His  ambition  invariably  led 
him  to  aspire  to  command  ;  and  even,  when 
the  army  first  landed  at  Staten  Island,  he 
went  to  New  York  to  rt  quest  the  command 
of  the  Queen's  Rangers  (a  provincial  corps 
then  newly  raised),  though  he  did  not  ob- 
tain his  desire  till  after  the  battle  of  Brandy- 
wine,  in  October,  1777.  The  Queen's  Ran- 
gers, under  command  of  Simcoe,  acquired 
new  laurels,  and  were  justly  celebrated,  as 
was  their  leader,  for  their  several  gallant 
deeds  and  exploits.  During  the  rest  of  the 
American  war,  or  until  their  disbandment, 
they  bore  part  in  nearly  every  engagement 
which  took  place  ;  but,  unfortunately,  being 
situated  at  Gloucester  Point,  opposite  York- 
town,  when  the  latter  place  was  besieged  by 
the  allied  French  and  American  army,  the 
Rangers,  as  well  as  the  other  portions  of  the 
British  army  under  Lord  Cornwallis's  com- 
mand, were  surrendered  by  that  nobleman 
to  the  victorious  insurgents.  With  the  sur- 
render of  Gloucester  Point  the  active  exist- 
ence of  the  Rangers  terminated.  The  officers 
were  afterwards  put  upon  half -pay,  and  their 
provincial  rank  retained  to  them  in  the 
standing  British  army.  The  war  for  inde- 
pendence virtually  ceased  with  the  capture 
of  Yorktown,  and  Colonel  Simcoe  returned 
to  England,  greatly  fatigued  by  his  late 
arduous  duties,  and  greatly  impaired  in  his 
constitution.  The  king  received  him  in  a 
manner  which  plainly  shewed  how  grateful 
his  Majesty  was  for  the  great  services  he 
had  rendered  ;  and  all  classes  of  society  re- 
ceived him  with  the  most  affectionate  regard, 
and  shewed  him  every  demonstration  of  their 
attachment.  Not  long  after  his  return  he 
entered  into  the  marriage  state  with  Miss 
Guillim,  a  near  relation  to  Admiral  Graves, 
a  distinguished  officer  engaged  in  the  Ameri- 
can war.  He  was  elected  to  represent,  in 
1790,  the  borough  of  St.  Maw's,  Cornwall, 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  which  place  he 
continued  to  represent,  with  equal  honour 
to  himself  and  his  county,  until  the  passing 
of  the  bill  dividing  the  province  of  Quebec 
into  two  provinces,  to  be  called  Upper  and 
Lower  Canada,  when  he  «vas  selected  as  the 
first  governor  of  Upper  Canada,  whither  he 
proceeded,  in  3791,  with  his  wife  and  family, 
and  took  up  his  quarters  at  Niagara,  then 
called  Newark,  where  he  held  his  first  par- 
liament in  September,  1792.  Upper  Canada 
was  then  in  a  comparative  state  of  wilderness. 
We  cannot  picture  to  ourselves  a  more  dis- 


mal or  a  more  thoroughly  dejected  colony 
than  was  the  province  at  the  time  of  which 
we  speak.  Governor  Simcoe,  however,  en- 
tered upon  his  duty  with  a  resolute  heart. 
Newark,  now  Niagara,  was  made  the  seat 
^f  government,  which  consisted  of  a  Legisla- 
tive Assembly  and  Council,  the  former  con- 
taining sixteen  members  only,  while  the 
latter  was  still  smaller  ;  and  a  parliament 
was  convened  so  early  as  the  17th  September 
of  the  same  year.  He  also  appointed  an 
Executive  Council,  composed  of  gentlemen 
who  had  accompanied  him  out,  and  some 
who  already  resided  in  the  province.  He 
had  the  whole  country  surveyed  and  laid 
out  into  districts,  and  invited  as  much  immi- 
gration as  possible,  in  order  to  swell  the 
population.  For  this  purpose,  those  parties 
who  so  nobly  adhered  to  the  cause  of  Britain 
in  the  revolted  colonies,  and  which  are 
chiefly  known  by  the  sobriquet  of  United 
Empire  loyalists,  removed  to  Canada,  and 
received  a  certain  portion  of  land  free. 
Also,  discharged  officers  and  soldiers  of  the 
line  received  a  certain  portion  of  land  gra- 
tuitously ;  and  all  possible  means  were  em- 
ployed to  further  the  projects  of  the  gover- 
nor. A  provincial  corps  was  raised,  by 
command  of  the  king,  and  Colonel  Simcoe 
was  appointed  colonel  of  it.  This  corps  he 
called  the  "  Queen's  Rangers,"  after  his  old 
regiment.  Becoming  dissatisfied  with  the 
position  of  Newark  as  the  provincial  capital, 
he  travelled  westward  as  far  as  Detroit,  and 
back,  without  having  come  to  any  fixed  con- 
clusion. He  resolved  to  inspect  the  north- 
ern shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  for  that 
purpose  set  sail  from  Newark  on  Thursday, 
the  2nd  May,  1793,  and  on  the  morning  of 
Saturday,  the  4th,  entered  the  harbour  of 
Toronto.  A  short  distance  from  the  entrance 
to  the  harbour  were  several  wigwams,  inha- 
bited by  Mississaga  Indians.  This  was  the 
"town "of  Toronto,  which  Governor  Simcoe 
determined  was  to  be  the  future  capital  of 
Upper  Canada.  He  quartered  a  number  of 
the  Queen's  Rangers  there,  and  improved 
the  site  and  vicinity  of  the  projected  city  to 
a  great  extent.  Roads  were  constructor), 
so  that  a  proper  communication  could  be 
kept  up  between  town  and  country.  A 
schooner  ran  weekly  between  Newark  and 
York,  and  couriers  were  sent,  overland, 
monthly  to  Lower  Canada.  Of  course  the 
population  increased,  and  the  young  pro- 
vince began  to  consider  itself  wealthy.  In 
3794,  Simcoe  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
major-general ;  and  in  1796  he  was  appointed 
to  be  commandant  and  governor  of  the  im- 
portant island  of  St.  Domingo.  Thither  he, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


183 


with  his  family,  proceeded,  and  there  he 
held  the  local  rank  of  lieutenant-general. 
Though  he  remained  only  a  few  months,  he 
greatly  endeared  himself  by  his  kind  and 
considerate  government  of  the  island,  not 
only  to  all  the  residents,  but  to  the  natives 
themselves  ;  and  a  contemporary  justly  re- 
marks that,  "short  as  was  his  stay,  he  did 
more  than  any  former  general  to  conciliate 
the  native  inhabitants  to  the  British  govern- 
ment." In  1798  he  was  created  a  lieutenant- 
general  ;  and  in  1801,  when  an  invasion  of 
England  was  expected  by  the  French,  the 
command  of  the  town  of  Plymouth  was 
entrusted  to  him.  We  do  not  hear  of  him 
again  until  180B,  when  the  last  scene  in  this 

freat  man's  life  was  to  come  to  a  close, 
'ranee  had  long  been  suspected  of  a  design 
to  invade  Portugal,  and,  the  affair  being 
apparent  to  England,  public  attention  was 
called  to  the  critical  situation  of  that  coun- 
try ;  and  as  Portugal  was  the  only  surviving 
ally  of  Britain  upon  the  continent,  means 
must  necessarily  be  employed  to  assist  her. 
In  this  critical  juncture,  Lieutenant-General 
Simcoe  and  the  Earl  of  Rosselyn,  with  a 
large  staff,  were  immediately  sent  out  to 
join  the  Earl  of  St.  Vincent,  who,  with  his 
fleet,  was  in  the  Tagus  ;  and  they  were  in- 
structed to  open,  in  concert  with  him,  a 
communication  with  the  court,  so  that  they 
would  ascertain  whether  danger  was  very 
imminent,  and,  if  so,  employ  means  to  guard 
against  it.  But,  alas,  in  such  a  glorious 
undertaking,  which  probably  would  have 
crowned  him  with  fame  and  honours,  Sim- 
coe was  never  destined  to  participate  to  any 
extent.  On  the  voyage  thither  he  was  taken 
suddenly  ill,  and  had  to  return  to  England, 
where  he  had  only  landed  when  his  eventful 
life  was  brought  to  a  close.  He  breathed 
his  last  at  Torbay,  in  Devonshire,  at  the 
comparatively  early  age  of  fifty -four,  after 
having  honourably  served  his  country  during 
many  years  in  a  variety  of  occupations — 
regretted  by  all,  from  the  simple  soldier 
whom  he  had  commanded  to  the  friend  of 
his  heart  and  his  boon  companion. 

Robb,  David  W.,  Manager  of  the 
Foundry  and  Machine  Shops  of  A.  Robb 
and  Sons,  Amherst,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
at  Amherst  on  the  9th  May,  1856.  His 
father,  Alexander  Robb,  the  founder  of  the 
works  he  manages,  is  a  gentleman  very  much 
respected  by  his  fellow  citizens.  His  mother 
is  Emmeline  Logan,  daughter  of  David  D. 
Logan,  of  Amherst  Point.  David  receiv- 
ed his  educational  training  at  the  County 
Academy  at  Amherst,  and  had  begun  the 
study  of  mechanical  engineering  when  his 


father's  health  gave  way  in  1872,  in  conse- 
quence of  which  he  had  to  assume  business 
responsibilities,  and  since  that  time  has 
been  actively  employed  in  the  foundry  and 
machine  business,  which  has  now  grown  to 
large  proportions  under  his  careful  manage- 
ment. Mr.  Robb  is  a  member  of  the  order 
of  Freemasons,  having  joined  this  organis- 
ation in  1882.  In  1881  he  reorganized  the 
fire  department  in  his  native  town,  and  has 
been  its  chief  engineer  ever  since.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Liberal-Conservative  Asso- 
ciation of  Amherst,  and  an  active  supporter 
of  Sir  Charles  Tupper,  minister  of  finance, 
who  represents  the  county  in  the  Dominion 
parliament.  Mr.  Robb,  like  his  father,  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and, 
like  him,  a  public  spirited  gentleman.  He 
was  married  on  the  15th  June,  1872,  to  Ida 
S.,  daughter  of  Dr.  Nathan  Tupper,  and 
niece  of  Sir  Charles  Tupper.  The  fruit  of 
this  marriage  is  three  children-^-two  boys 
and  a  girl.  Frederick  B.,  second  son  of 
Alexander,  we  may  add,  is  the  financial  man- 
ager of  the  firm  of  A.  Robb  and  Sons. 

Fraser,  Hon.  Judgt  John  James, 
Q.C.,  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,  was 
born  in  Nelson,  Northumberland  county, 
N.B.,  on  the  1st  of  August,  1829.  His 
father,  John  Fraser,  was  a  native  of  In- 
verness, Scotland,  who  emigrated  to  New 
Brunswick  in  1803.  He  first  settled  in 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  and  remained  there 
until  1812,  when  he  moved  to  Miramichi, 
New  Brunswick,  where  he  went  into  busi- 
ness as  a  lumber  merchant  and  shipbuilder 
on  Beanbear's  Island,  and  carried  on  these 
branches  of  trade  for  a  number  of  years. 
He  was  also  extensively  engaged  in  the  ex- 
portation of  salmon,  which  at  that  time  was 
a  very  profitable  enterprise.  John  James 
Fraser  received  his  early  educational  train- 
ing at  the  Newcastle  Grammar  School,  and 
adopted  law  as  his  profession.  In  October, 
1845,  he  entered  the  office  of  the  late  Hon. 
John  Ambroise  Street,  and  in  1850  passed 
his  examination  as  an  attorney.  In  January, 
1851,  on  the  appointment  of  the  Hon.  Mr. 
Street  to  the  office  of  attorney -general,  Mr. 
Fraser  removed  to  Fredericton,  and  remain- 
ed with  that  gentleman  until  1854.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852,  and  made  a 
Queen's  counsel  in  1873.  Mr.  Fraser  de- 
voted his  attention  closely  to  his  profession 
until  1865,  when  he  entered  the  political 
arena,  and  was  returned  to  the  Provincial 
parliament  as  representative  for  York  coun- 
ty, in  conjunction  with  Messrs.  Allen,  Hathe- 
way,  and  Needham,  as  champions  of  the 
anti-confederation  movement,  confederation 


184 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


being  the  then  burning  question  of  the  day. 
In  1866,  the  Smith  government  having  been 
compelled  to  resign,  a  general  election  en- 
sued, and  on  Mr.  Fraser  presenting  himself 
for  re-election,  a  strong  feeling  was  mani- 
fested against  him,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
poll  he  found  that  his  opponent  had  carried 
the  day.  In  June,  1871,  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council  and 
president  of  the  Executive  Council  in  the 
IJatheway  King  administration,  and  held 
both  positions  until  the  death  of  the  Hon. 
Mr.  Hatheway  in  1872,  when  he  resigned. 
He  was  afterwards  offered  the  position  of 
provincial  secretary  to  the  government  led 
by  the  Hon.  Mr.  King,  and  this  he  accepted. 
He  then  again  appeared  before  his  constit- 
uents, and  was  re-elected  by  acclamation, 
and  the  county  of  York  he  continued  to 
represent  until  May,  1878,  when  the  Hon. 
Mr.  Kin^  retired  from  provincial  poli'ics. 
Hon.  Mr.  Fraser  then  became  attorney- 
general  and  leader  of  the  government,  and 
this  position  he  held  until  the  24th  May, 
1882,  when  he  resigned,  arid  offered  himself 
as  a  candidate  for  the  representation  of 
York  in  the  House  of  Commons,  but  was 
defeated.  In  December,  1882,  he  was,  on 
the  decease  of  Mr.  Justice  Duff,  appointed 
a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court.  He  was 
married  in  September,  1867,  to  Martha, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Alexander  Cum- 
ming,  a  merchant  of  Fredericton,  and  had 
by  her  1wo  children,  both  of  whom  are  dead. 
Mrs.  Fraser  died  in  March,  1871.  In  May, 
1884,  he  was  married  to  Jane  M.  P. ,  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Mr.  Justice  Fisher,  of  Fred- 
ericton. 

Green,  Harry  Compton,  Postmas- 
ter, Summerside,  Prince  Edward  Island, 
was  born  at  North  Street,  Eleanor,  P.E.I., 
on  the  30th  April,  1817.  He  is  the  second 
son  of  the  Hon.  Samuel  Green,  and  Eliza- 
beth, his  wife,  who  emigrated  to  Prince 
Edward  Island  from  London,  England,  in 
1808.  Henry  received  his  first  educational 
training  in  the  village  school,  and  after- 
wards studied  in  the  Charlottetown  Aca- 
demy, under  Professor  Brow  Waddle.  After 
leaving  school  he  devoted  himself  to  farm- 
ing, and  from  1839  to  1856  he  farmed  ex- 
tensively on  his  freehold  estate  on  North 
Street,  Eleanor.  In  1841  Mr.  Green  was 
appointed  road  commissioner  and  commis- 
sioner ef  small  debts,  and  in  1842  he  was 
created  a  justice  of  the  peace.  In  1851  he 
was  appointed  high  sheriff  of  Princ^  county. 
In  1857  he  went  into  mercantile  business, 
and  continued  in  this  line  until  18C6,  when 
he  was  appointed  collector  of  customs  for 


the  port  of  Summerside.  From  1858  to 
1868  he  occupied  the  honourable  position  of 
mayor  of  Summerside  ;  and  in  1871  he  was 
appointed  postmaster,  which  position  he 
still  holds.  He  joined  the  ancient  and  hon- 
ourable order  of  Freemasons  in  1858,  and 
has  been  treasurer  of  his  lodge,  King  Hiram, 
for  nearly  seven  years.  He  was  brought  up 
and  has  always  continued  to  be  an  Episco- 
palian in  his  religious  views,  and  has  fre- 
quently held  the  office  of  churchwarden, 
both  in  St.  John's  Church,  Eleanor,  and  St, 
Mary's  Church,  Summerside. .  In  March, 
1850,  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  C.  Ellis, 
daughter  of  Robert  Ellis,  formerly  of  Bide- 
ford,  Devon,  England. 

Fogo,  Hon.  Jamrs,  Pictou,  Nova 
Scotia,  Judge  of  Probate  for  the  county  of 
Pictou,  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  on 
the  30th  June,  1811,  His  father,  James 
Fogo,  senior,  came  to  Pictou  in  1817,  and 
died  there  in  1868,  aged  eighty- one  years. 
His  mother  was  Elizabeth  McClure,  who 
was  born  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  died 
in  Pictou,  in  1879,  aged  eighty- nine  years. 
Judge  Fogo  received  his  education  at  the 
Pictou  Academy,  under  the  tuition  of  that 
celebrated  teacher  and  educator,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  McCulloch,D.D.,  and  was  the  class- 
mate of  Governor  Archibald,  Sir  William 
Ritchie,  now  chief  justice  of  the  Dominion 
of  Canada,  and  other  gentlemen  who  have 
attained  celebrity  in  different  walks  of  life. 
He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Jotham  Blan- 
chard,  then  one  of  the  most  eminent  practi- 
tioners at  the  bar  in  eastern  Nova  Scotia,  and 
was  admitted  as  an  attorney  of  the  Supreme 
Court  in  May,  1837,  along  with  Charles 
Young,  now  the  Hon.  Dr.  Young,  LL.D., 
judge  of  the  Surrogate  Court  for  the  province 
of  Prince  Edward  Island,  both  of  whom 
obtained  optimes  on  their  examinations. 
This,  therefore,  is  the  year  of  Judge  Fogo's 
professional  jubilee.  In  1838,  according  to 
the  practice  then  existing,  he  was  admitted 
as  a  barrister  of  the  Supreme  Court.  Judge 
Fogo  obtained  the  judicial  appointment 
which  he  now  holds  on  the  30th  December, 
1850,  and  has  ever  since,  with  the  exception 
of  a  short  interregnum  which  took  place  on 
a  change  of  government  in  1864,  discharged 
the  duties  of  his  office  with  marked  ability 
and  satisfaction  to  the  public.  He  is  well 
read  in  the  learning  of  his  profession,  and 
his  judgments  have  almost  invariably  been 
sustained  by  the  Supreme  Court  in  cases  of 
appeals  from  his  decisions.  In  1851  he  was 
offered  the  solicitor-generalship  of  an  adjoin- 
ing colony,  but  an  indisposition  to  sever  his 
connection  with  Nova  Scotia  induced  him  to 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


185 


decline  the  acceptance  of  the  offer.  In  his 
early  years,  before  accepting  his  judicial 
position,  Judge  Fogo  was  an  active  politician 
in  the  Liberal  interests,  and  on  several  oc- 
casions was  urged  by  his  friends  to  accept  a 
nomination  as  a  candidate  for  the  represent- 
ative branch  of  the  legislature,  but  a  regard 
to  his  personal  interests  prompted  otherwise, 
as  he  preferred  the  active  duties  of  his  pro- 
fession to  the  turmoil  and  uncertainty  of 
political  life.  He  was  at  one  time  connected 
with  the  provincial  militia,  and  on  the  23rd 
July,  1864,  obtained  the  commission  of  ma- 
jor, having  previously  held  the  commission 
of  first  and  second  lieutenants  in  the  service. 
He  was  created  a  Queen's  counsel  by  the 
Local  government  in  1878,  his  commission 
giving  him  precedence  as  such  in  all  courts 
of  the  province  over  all  other  Queen's  coun- 
sels appointed  after  23rd  October,  1833.  He 
was  also,  on  the  27th  July,  3879,  appointed 
a  master  in  Chancery,  now  called  a  master 
in  the  Supreme  Court.  On  the  llth  Octo- 
ber, 1880,  he  obtained  the  appointment  of 
Queen's  counsel  from  the  Dominion  govern- 
ment, when  such  appointments  were  ruled 
ultra  vires  of  the  Provincial  government,  and 
since  the  date  of  his  commission  he  has  been 
appointed  by  the  presiding  judge  to  conduct 
the  criminal  business  at  each  and  every  sit- 
ting of  the  Supreme  Court  at  Pictou.  Judge 
Fogo  was  first  married  in  December,  1846, 
to  Jane,  daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  John 
McKinlay,  A.M.,  of  Prince  Street  Presby- 
terian Church,  Pictou,  who  died  in  1848, 
leaving  one  daughter,  Charlotte  Jane,  who, 
on  the  27th  of  April,  1870,  was  united  in 
marriage  to  the  Hon.  John  F.  Stairs,  then 
of  Dartmouth,  now  of  Halifax,  and  ex-M.P. 
of  the  House  of  Commons,  and  who,  to  the 
great  grief  of  her  family  and  friends,  died  of 
that  dreadful  malady,  diphtheria,  on  the  28th 
May,  1886,  leaving  five  children,  her  son 
Walter,  of  the  age  of  two  and  a  half  years, 
or  thereabouts,  having,  two  days  previously, 
fallen  a  victim  to  the  same  disease.  This 
dispensation  of  Providence  naturally  inflict- 
ed much  mental  suffering  to  the  subject  of 
our  sketch,  as  his  daughter  was  an  only 
child,  gifted  with  superior  abilities,  of  a  joy- 
ous and  happy  disposition,  and  consequently 
a  great  favourite  in  the  social  circle  wher- 
ever she  moved,  and  though  the  healing 
salve  of  time  may  cicatrize  the  wound  occa- 
sioned by  her  early  and  unexpected  death, 
the  scar  will  still  remain.  The  judge  was 
married  the  second  time  to  Elizabeth  Ives, 
daughter  of  the  late  James  Ives,  of  the  city 
of  Halifax,  architect.  The  judge  has  the 
comforts  of  life  in  a  liberal  measure,  and  the 


mind  and  heart  to  enjoy  them.  He  is  said 
by  his  friends  to  be  a  pleasant  and  effective 
speaker.  His  mode  of  address  is  full  of  life 
and  animation,  and  being  gifted  with  a  lux- 
uriant imagination  and  playful  fancy,  his 
public  exhibitions  afford  gratification  to  his 
auditors.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyte- 
rian church.  Though  advanced  in  life,  his 
age  rests  lightly  upon  him,  and  none,  to  look 
at  him  and  mark  his  quick  and  agile  step, 
would  dream  that  he  is  now  in  the  seventy- 
sixth  year  of  his  age.  He  has  a  delightful 
residence  at  Belleville,  opposite  the  railway 
station  on  the  Pictou  side  of  the  harbour, 
and  which  is  thus  described  in  "  Meacham's 
Illustrated  and  Historical  Atlas  of  the 
County  of  Pictou  "  : — "  The  building  repre- 
sented to  our  view  is  a  classical  villa, 
after  the  Tuscan  manner,  and  was  built 
by  its  proprietor  in  1854.  It  is  very  beau- 
tifully situated,  and  affords  a  most  com- 
manding view  of  the  surrounding  country. 
The  scene  which  is  presented  to  the  spec- 
tator on  a  summer  day,  when  shipping  in 
the  harbour  is  brisk,  and  vessels  of  all  de- 
scriptions are  plying  to  and  fro  upon  its 
waters,  is  one  of  an  exceedingly  pleasing 
and  animated  character,  and  presents  a 
panorama  which  is  rarely  equalled,  and  diffi- 
cult to  surpass.  The  property  is  noted  for 
the  valuable  free  stone  in  which  it  abounds, 
and  which  is  now  commanding  an  extensive 
sale  beyond  the  limits  of  the  county,  many 
thousands  of  tons  having  been  disposed  of 
to  rebuild  the  bridges  on  the  Intercolonial 
Railway,  by  a  gentleman  to  whom  the  owner 
sold  a  few  acres  some  years  ago,  leaving  un- 
touched, however,  extensive  areas  of  supe- 
rior stone  for  building  purposes,  which 
brisker  times  would  soon  call  into  requisition. 
Fotliergill,  Rev.  Matthew  Jloiik- 
liou§e,  Rector  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Que- 
bec city,  was  born  in  Cefnrhychdir,  Mon- 
mouthshire, Wales,  England,  on  the  llth 
November,  1834.  His  father  was  a  leading 
agriculturist  in  South  Wales,  and  frequently 
carried  off  valuable  prizes  at  Lord  Trede- 
gar's  agricultural  show  for  short-horns,  tho- 
rough-bred horses,  and  mountain  sheep. 
Rev.  M.  Fotherg'll  received  his  education 
at  Ottery  St.  Mary,  Devonshire,  King  Ed- 
ward's Grammar  School,  Ely,  and  at  St. 
Augustine's  College,  Canterbury,  England. 
In  1857  he  came  to  Canada,  and  made  Que- 
bec his  home,  and  here  he  was  ordained  by 
the  late  Bishop  Mountain.  He  was  then 
appointed  travelling  missionary,  and  did 
good  service  for  the  cause  of  the  Master  in 
this  capacity.  For  twtlve  years  he  was  a 
rural  dean,  and  was  the  first  incumbent  of 


186 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  new  mission  of  Danville.  After  having 
built  St.  Augustine's  Church  at  Danville,  he 
was  called  to  Quebec  city,  and  made  rector 
of  St.  Peter's  Church,  which  position  he  now 
occupies.  Rev.  M.  Fothergill  is  an  active 
man,  and  outside  his  ministerial  duties  he 
has  found  time  to  help  in  other  directions. 
For  fourteen  years  he  has  held  the  position 
of  secretary  to  the  Church  Society,  is  chap- 
lain to  the  Marine  and  Emigrant  Hospital, 
and  Government  inspector  of  public  schools. 
Longley,  Hon.  Jame§  Wilfoer- 
force,  M.P.P.,  M.E.C.,  Attorney -General 
of  Nova  Scotia,  Halifax,  was  born  on  the 
4th  January,  1849,  at  Paradise,  Annapolis 
county,  Nova  Scotia.  His  father,  Israel 
Longley,  who  was  of  English  descent,  was 
grandson  of  James  Longley,  a  United  Em- 
pire loyalist,  who  settled  in  Annapolis 
county  at  the  end  of  the  American  revolu- 
tionary war.  This  gentleman  took  an  active 
part  in  all  the  political  questions  of  his  day, 
and  was  twice  a  candidate  in  Annapolis  for 
parliamentary  honours  in  the  Liberal  in- 
terest, but  failed  on  both  occasions  to 
secure  his  election.  His  mother,  Frances 
Manning,  was  the  youngest  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  James  Manning,  a  pioneer  Baptist 
minister,  who  came  from  the  north  of  Ire- 
land, and  settled  in  Annapolis  county,  and 
laboured  there  in  the  cause  of  his  divine 
Master  until  his  death.  Attorney-General 
Longley  was  educated  at  Acadia  College, 
where,  in  June,  1871,  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  B.A.,  and  in  3875  the  degree  of 
M.A.  In  1871  he  began  the  study  of 
law  in  Halifax,  finished  his  law  studies  at 
Osgoode  Hall,  Toronto,  Ontario,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia  10th 
September,  1875.  In  1875  he  was  appoint- 
ed a  commissioner  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  a  notary  public,  and  in  1878  he  was 
chosen  law  clerk  of  the  House  of  Assembly 
of  Nova  Scotia.  On  the  20th  June,  1882, 
he  was  elected  to  represent  Annapolis  county 
in  the  House  of  Assembly  of  Nova  Scotia, 
and  in  October  of  the  same  year  he  was  made 
a  commissioner  for  revising  and  consolidat- 
ing the  statutes  of  the  province.  In  July, 
1884,  Mr.  Longley  was  sworn  in  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Executive  Council,  and  on  the 
25th  June,  1886,  was  appointed  attorney - 

feneral  for  his  native  province.  On  the 
5th  June,  1886,  he  agtin  contested  An- 
napolis county  for  a  seat  in  the  legislature, 
and  was  re-elected.  Attorney-General  Long- 
ley  is  a  member  of  the  Alumni  of  Acadia 
College,  and  an  ex- president ;  has  been  an 
active  member  of  all  the  liberal  organiza- 
tions in  the  province  for  the  past  fifteen 


years,  and  is  ex-president  of  the  Young 
Men's  Liberal  Club  of  Halifax.  He  takes  a 
great  interest  in  literary  matters,  and  since 
1872  has  been  a  regular  contributor  to  the 
editorial  columns  of  the  Acadian  Recorder, 
a  regular  daily  Halifax  paper,  and  also 
writes  on  political  subjects  in  various  maga- 
zines. In  politics  he  is  an  ardent  Liberal, 
and  an  uncompromising  opponent  of  the 
government  led  by  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald. 
He  believes  in  unrestricted  trade  relations 
with  the  United  States  as  a  substitute  for 
the  national  policy  ;  is  opposed  to  Imperial 
federation  for  the  reason  that  the  interests 
of  Canada  are  more  closely  identified  with 
this  continent,  and  is  in  favour  of  the  com- 
plete abolition  of  the  Senate  and  all  second 
chambers  whatever.  In  religious  matters, 
though  brought  up  in  the  Baptist  faith,  he 
prefers  to  give  his  adhesion  to  the  Episcopal 
church,  with  no  very  high  denominational 
preference.  He  was  married  on  the  3rd 
September,  1877,  to  Annie  Brown,  of  Para- 
dise, and  has  issue  four  children,  two  boys 
and  two  girls. 

Humphrey,  John  Albert,  M.P.P. 
for  Westmoreland,  New  Brunswick,  Monc- 
ton,  was  born  at  Southampton,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, in  1823,  and  is  the  second  son  of  Wil- 
liam and  Mary  Trueman  Humphrey.  The 
father  and  mother  of  William  Humphrey, 
the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  came  from  Yorkshire,  England,  in 
1775,  to  Halifax,  and  purchased  a  farm  at 
Falmouth,  near  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  and 
remained  there  until  1797,  when  William 
Humphrey  died.  Thre«  years  afterwards 
his  widow  and  five  children  removed  to 
Sackville,  New  Brunswick,  where  William, 
her  second  surviving  son,  married  in  1821, 
Mary,  daughter  of  William  Trueman,  who 
emigrated  from  Yorkshire,  England,  in  1775, 
and  settled  at  Pointe  du  Bute.  The  young 
couple  resided  at  Sackville  after  their  mar- 
riage until  1822,  when  they  removed  to 
Southampton,  Nova  Scotia,  and  here  John 
Albert  first  saw  the  light.  Here,  and  sub- 
sequently at  Amherst,  and  at  the  Mount 
Allison  Wesleyan  Academy,  Sackville,  he 
received  his  education.  After  leaving  school 
he  went  into  business,  and  from  1845  to  1849 
conducted  a  general  milling  business  for  his 
father,  when  he  purchased  what  is  now 
known  as  the  Humphrey's  Mills,  at  Mono- 
ton,  and  removed  there.  In  1872  he  was 
elected  to  represent  Westmoreland  county 
in  the  legislature  of  New  Brunswick,  and 
again  in  1874  he  was  returned  by  the  same 
constituency,  but  in  1878  he  was  defeated. 
He,  however,  again  presented  himself  for 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


187 


parliamentary  honours  in  1882,  and  was 
elected,  and  at  the  general  election  in  1886 
he  was  honoured  once  more  by  being  made 
a  member  of  the  Provincial  parliament.  Mr. 
Humphrey  is  now,  and  from  the  inception 
has  been,  a  director  in  and  one  of  the  lar- 
gest stockholders  of  the  Moncton  Gas  Light 
and  Water  Company,  organized  in  1878  ;  is 
a  director  in  and  one  of  the  largest  stock- 
holders of  the  Moncton  Sugar  Refining  Com- 
pany, organized  in  1880,  and  a  director  and 
large  shareholder  in  the  Moncton  Cotton 
Manufacturing  Company,  organized  in  1883. 
Mr  Humphrey  is  also  the  chief  owner  of 
the  Moncton  woollen  manufactory,  at  Hum- 
phrey's Mills,  started  in  1884.  In  religion, 
he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist  church, 
as  nearly  all  his  father's  family  have  been 
for  the  past  throe  generations.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and  a  strong 
supporter  of  the  school  system,  of  the  union 
of  the  provinces,  and  of  the  national  policy. 
In  1855,  Mr.  Humphrey  married  Sarah  Janp, 
eldest  daughter  of  Michael  S.  Harris,  ship- 
builder and  merchant,  of  Moncton. 

Oarneau,  Hon.  Pierre,  Quebec, 
Member  of  the  Executive  Council,  and 
Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  for  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  was  born  at  Cap  Sant£, 
Quebec  province,  on  the  8th  May,  1823. 
His  ancestors  came  from  France  in  1636, 
and  were  a  family  held  in  high  estimation. 
Hon.  Mr.  Garneau  received  his  education 
in  his  native  parish,  and  shortly  after  leav- 
ing school  removed  to  Quebec  city,  where  he 
entered  into  business,  and  after  some  years 
became  a  leading  merchant  and  public 
spirited  citizen.  In  1870  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  the  city,  and  performed  the  high 
and  important  duties  of  the  office  so  faith- 
fully that  on  the  expiration  of  his  two  years' 
term  he  was  unanimously  re- elected  for  other 
two  years.  He  was  chief  promoter,  and 
became  president,  of  the  Quebec  and  Gulf 
Ports  Steamship  Company  (now  the  Quebec 
Steamship  Company) ;  was  president  of  the 
Quebec  Street  Railway  for  fifteen  years, 
when  he  resigned  in  1878  ;  was  a  govern- 
ment director  of  the  North  Shore  Railway 
for  many  years  ;  and  a  member  of  the  Canal 
Commission  in  1870.  He  is  a  director  «.f  the 
Quebec  and  Lake  St.  John  Lumber  and 
Trading  Company  ;  of  the  Del^ry  Gold  Min- 
ing Company  ;  of  La  Banque  Nationale  ;  of 
the  Quebec  Fire  Assurance  Company  ;  vice- 
president  of  the  Quebec  and  Levis  Electric 
Light  Co. ;  and  a  member  of  the  Quebec 
Board  of  Trade.  In  September,  1874,  Hon. 
Mr.  Garneau  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Council,  and  became  commis- 


sioner of  Agriculture  and  Public  Works  for 
Quebec  province ;  and  shortly  afterwards 
held  the  portfolio  of  Crown  Lands.  In 
March,  1878,  the  de  Boucherville  govern- 
ment, of  which  he  was  a  member,  having 
been  defeated,  he  resigned  with  his  collea- 
gues. He  was  first  elected  to  the  Quebec 
legislature  on  the  llth  March,  1873,  for  the 
county  of  Quebec,  on  the  resignation  of  the 
sitting  member ;  and  was  re-elected  at  the 
general  election  in  1875.  He  was  an  unsuc- 
cessful candidate  at  the  general  election  of 
1878,  and  remained  out  until  1881,  when 
he  vras  again  returned  by  acclamation.  At 
the  general  election,  held  in  1886,  he  was 
again  forced  to  retire  ;  but  in  January,  1887, 
he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Council  for  De  la  Durantaye,  and  be- 
came commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  in  the 
Mercier  administration.  Hon.  Mr.  Garneau 
was  the  head  and  only  surviving  partner  of 
the  well-known  wholesale  dry  goods  firm  of 
P.  Garneau  et  Frere,  a  firm  that  has  been 
held  in  the  highest  repute  for  years  through- 
out Canada  and  Europe,  and  is  now  senior 
partner  of  the  firm  of  P.  Garneau,  Fils  & 
Cie.  In  politics  he  is  a  Conservative,  and 
in  religion  a  member  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church.  In  September,  1857,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Cecilia  Burroughs,  daughter  of  the 
late  Edward  Burroughs,  a  well-known  and 
highly  respected  prothonotary  of  Quebec. 
Two  sons  have  been  the  issue  of  this  mar- 
riage. 

Beaton,  Alexander  H.,  Medical  Sup- 
erintendent of  the  Asylum  for  Idiots,  Orillia. 
The  province  of  Ontario  makes  generous 
provision  for  the  part  of  its  population 
that  are  unable  to  provide  for  themselves. 
The  provincial  asylums  for  idiots,  for  the 
insane,  the  deaf,  the  dumb,  and  the  blind, 
are  a  credit  to  this  young  country.  The 
proper  management  of  these  institutions 
entails  heavy  responsibilities,  not  only  upon 
the  government  but  upon  the  public  servants 
who  have  them  in  charge.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch,  Dr.  Alexander  H.  Beaton,  has 
for  ten  years  occupied  the  position  of  superin- 
tendent of  the  As5'h;m  for  Idiots,  at  Orillia, 
and  deserves  a  full  share  of  the  credit  due 
to  our  asylum  officials  for  the  manner  in 
which  they  discharge  duties  that  are  always 
responsible  and  often  trying  and  difficult. 
He  was  born  on  the  20th  of  ^ April,  1838,  in 
the  township  of  Pickering,  county  of  On- 
tario, on  the  farm  on  which  the  village  of 
Whitevale  now  stands.  His  father,  Colin 
Beaton,  emigrated  from  the  Island  of  Mull, 
Scotland,  in  1832,  and  was  one  of  the  pion- 
eer settlers  of  what  is  now  the  splendid 


188 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


county  of  Ontario.  His  mother,  Christina. 
McKinnon,  came  from  the  same  part  of 
Scotland  in  1820.  In  those  early  days  Cana- 
dian boys  usually  worked  on  the  farm  during 
summer,  and  attended  school  in  winter. 
Alexander  H.  Beaton  was  no  exception  to 
this  rule.  His  parents,  like  many  of  the 
early  settlers,  could  not  afford  to  give  their 
family  a  better  education  than  that  which 
could  be  obtained  in  their  own  school  section. 
Fortunately  for  the  Beaton  family,  the 
teacher  in  their  section  was  generally  one 
of  the  best  in  the  township.  Alexander  and 
his  younger  brother,  Donald,  were  among 
the  best  scholars  in  the  school,  and  were 
usually  found  in  a  prominent  place  when 
the  teacher  wished  to  "  put  his  best  foot 
forward  "  on  examination  days.  Both  boys 
had  resolved  that  farming  was  not  to  be 
their  life  work.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
Alexander  obtained  a  second-class  certificate 
and  proceeded  to  take  "a  place  on  that  "  step- 
ping stone"  about  which  so  much  used  to 
be  said  by  those  who  complained  that  many 
who  are  now  among  the  most  useful  and 
prominent  men  in  the  province,  merely 
taught  school  as  a  way  into  some  other 
vocation.  His  first  school  was  in  the  town- 
ship of  Vaughan,  near  Thornhill.  In  1857 
he  taught  at  Duffin's  Creek,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  entered  the  office  of  Ross,  Craw- 
ford &  Crombie,  barristers,  Toronto,  with 
the  intention  of  studying  law.  The  way  to 
the  legal  profession  was,  however,  soon 
blocked.  He  had  not  sufficient  means  to 
maintain  himself  in  Toronto  for  five  years, 
and  his  father  had  suffered  severely  in  the 
financial  storm  which  swept  over  the  country 
at  that  time.  It  became  necessary  to  leave 
Toronto,  mount  the  '*  stepping  stone  "  again 
and  earn  more  money.  In  1860  and  1861 
he  taught  in  Claremont,  in  the  township  of 
Pickering,  and  in  the  following  year  in  Ash- 
burn,  township  of  Whitby.  During  these 
years  the  intention  of  entering  the  legal 
profession  was  abandoned,  and  he  prepared 
himself  for  the  study  of  medicine.  In  the 
session  of  1862  and  ]863  he  entered  the 
Toronto  School  of  Medicine,  and  attended 
the  Rolph  School  in  the  summer  of  1863, 
there  being  no  summer  session  in  the  Toronto 
School.  Continuing  his  studies  in  the  Rolph 
School,  he  was  graduated  by  that  institution 
in  April,  1864.  Soon  after  graduation  he  be- 
gan the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  con- 
tinued in  practice  for  twelve  years.  Nine 
years  of  the  twelve  were  spent  in  Stayner, 
county  of  Simcoe,  where  he  enjoyed  a  large 
and  lucrative  practice,  when  appointed  by  the 
Ontario  government  to  his  present  position. 


By  birth  and  choice  Dr.  Beaton  is  a  Presby- 
terian. Though  in  favour  of  wise  progress 
in  all  proper  directions,  he  is  at  the  same 
time  wisely  conservative  in  ecclesiastical 
matters,  and  would  readily  be  classed  among 
the  many  "solid  men  "  of  the  Presbyterian 
family  communion.  He  has  for  many  years 
been  an  office-bearer  of  his  church,  and  takes 
a  deep  interest  in  all  matters  affecting  the 
welfare  of  Canadian  Presbyterianism.  He 
is  liberal  in  his  support  of  the  educational 
and  other  institutions  of  his  church,  his  con- 
tributions always  ranking  with  the  highest 
given  in  his  locality.  In  all  his  church  re- 
lations Dr.  Beaton  is  vigorously  assisted  by 
Mrs.  Beaton,  who,  along  with  the  family  to 
which  she  belongs,  is  devotedly  attached  to 
Presbyterianism.  Previous  to  his  appoint- 
ment to  his  present  position,  Dr.  Beaton 
took  an  active  part  in  politics.  By  birth, 
training  and  conviction  he  is  a  Liberal. 
Having  a  natural  aptitude  for  public  speak- 
ing and  no  special  dislike  to  the  "roar 
around  the  hustings,"  as  the  late  D'Arcy 
McGee  once  happily  put  it,  his  services  were 
always  in  demand  at  election  times,  and 
were  freely  given.  He  took  an  active  part 
in  the  exciting  contests  of  1872  and  1874-, 
and  whilst  in  political  life  was  always  ready 
to  do  his  full  share  of  work  and  take  his  full 
share  of  responsibility.  In  January,  1877, 
he  was  appointed  to  his  present  position, 
the  duties  of  which  have  been  quietly  but 
faithfully  and  efficiently  discharged.  For 
the  proper  discharge  of  these  duties  Dr. 
Beaton  has  many  excellent  qualifications. 
He  is  firm  yet  kind-hearted,  and  has  the 
faculty  of  seeing  and  appreciating  honest 
worth  and  real  ability  in  his  assistants. 
The  success  of  an  asylum  superintendent 
of^en  depends  as  much  on  his  tact  in  dealing 
with  his  assistants  as  on  his  ability  to  care 
for  the  unfortunates  placed  under  his  charge. 
He  readily  recognizes  real  worth,  however 
humble  the  position  of  the  employee  who 
manifests  it,  and  nothing  affords  him 
more  pleasure  than  to  see  faithfulness  and 
efficiency  in  his  subordinates.  In  his  deal- 
ings with  the  patients  under  his  care  he  is 
uniformly  kind,  his  intercourse  with  them 
savouring  more  of  the  paternal  than  of  the 
official.  He  holds  the  theory  that  almost 
any  idiot  can  be  tducated,  at  least,  to  a  cer- 
tain extent,  and  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
government,  which  in  Ontario  simply  means 
the  people,  to  give  the  idiot  population  all 
the  education  they  are  capable  of  receiving. 
It  is  assumed,  Dr.  Beaton  argues,  that  the 
province  should  provide  a  free  education  for 
the  children  that  have  the  proper  use  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


189 


their  faculties  of  mind  and  body.  How 
much  more  urgent  and  binding  is  the  duty 
of  educating  those  who  have  impaired  bodily 
powers  and  the  mere  germ  of  an  intellect  I 
It  is  expected  that  in  the  new  asylum  build- 
ings now  in  course  of  erection  at  Orillia, 
ample  provision  will  be  made  not  only  fo^ 
the  care,  but  also  for  the  training  of  the 
patients.  The  superintendent  will  then  have 
ample  facilities  for  carrying  out  his  theory, 
and  the  unfortunates  under  his  care  will,  in 
addition  to  the  comforts  of  a  well-managed 
home,  receive  such  an  education  as  their 
faculties  permit.  In  1870  Dr.  Beaton  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Margaret  Ann  Mc- 
Niven,  daughter  of  Donald  McNiven,  then 
a  resident  of  Bradford,  county  of  Simcoe, 
but  at  present  residing  in  Harriston,  county 
of  Wellington. 

Ross,  Hon.  William,  Collector  of 
Customs,  Halifax,  was  born  at  Boulardarie, 
Victoria  county,  Cape  Breton,  on  the  27th 
December,  1825.  His  parents,  John  Ross 
and  Robina  Mackenzie,  emigrated  from 
Sutherlandshire,  Scotland,  in  1816,  and 
settled  in  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  and  after 
remaining  there  five  years  removed  to  Bou- 
lardarie, Cape  Breton.  William  received 
his  primary  education  in  the  public  school 
of  his  native  place,  and  afterwards  was  sent 
to  Halifax,  where  he  completed  his  studies 
in  the  Normal  School  of  that  city.  In  1848 
he  began  business  as  a  merchant,  in  Eng- 
lishtown,  Cape  Breton,  and  in  this  he  con- 
tinued until  1874.  Daring  this  period  he 
was  extensively  engaged  in  prosecuting  the 
mackarel,  herring,  cod,  and  salmon  fish- 
eries, and  also  did  a  large  business  in  the 
cattle  trade  between  Cape  Breton  and  New- 
foundland. For  several  years  he  was  post- 
master of  Englishtown.  In  1861  he  passed 
his  military  examination,  and  was  appoint- 
ed colonel  of  the  30th  regiment  Victoria 
Militia  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  retired  from 
active  service  in  1874.  In  1859  Mr.  Ross 
entered  politics  as  a  Liberal,  and  was  re- 
turned, under  universal  suffrage  law,  as  a 
member  of  the  Nova  Scotian  legislature  by 
a  majority  of  516.  Again,  in  1863,  when 
the  property  qualification  law  came  into 
force,  he  was  elected  by  a  large  majority, 
and  conscientiously  opposed  the  Johnstone- 
Tupper  government  from  that  time  up  to 
1867,  when  he  retired  from  local  politics,  and 
was  elected  by  acclamation  for  the  county 
of  Victoria,  Cape  Breton,  to  the  House  of 
Commons  at  Ottawa,  after  having  sat  for 
eight  years  in  the  Nova  Scotian  legislature. 
In  1872,  on  the  occasion  of  a  general  elec- 
tion, he  was  again  returned  by  acclamation 


by  his  native  county  ;  and  on  the  downfall 
of  the  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald  administra- 
tion in  November,  1873,  and  on  the  Hon. 
Alexander  Mackenzie  assuming  the  govern- 
ment, Mr.  Ross  was  made  Minister  of 
Militia.  After  his  acceptance  of  this  respon- 
sible office,  and  on  his  presenting  himself 
for  re-election,  he  was  stoutly  opposed 
by  the  Conservativps  in  his  county,  but, 
nevertheless,  he  was  Teturned  for  the  third 
time,  in  February,  1874,  to  the  Domin- 
ion parliament  by  acclamation.  Shortly 
afterwards  the  Hon.  Mr.  Ross  retired  from 
active  political  life,  and  was  appointed  col- 
lector of  customs  for  the  port  of  Halifax,  and 
this  important  and  responsible  position  he 
still  continues  to  fill.  In  1852  he  joined 
the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  for  two  years 
was  worshipful  master  of  Virgin  lod^e,  No. 
3,  Halifax  ;  and  was  also  twice  in  succession 
elected  high  priest  of  Royal  Union  Chapter 
of  Halifax.  He  is  now  past  deputy  grand 
master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Nova  Scotia  ; 
and  although  he  has  been  repeatedly  nomi- 
nated as  grand  master,  he  has  refused  the 
honour.  He  has  occupied  the  position  of 
vice-president  and  president  of  the  North 
British  Society.  He  has  travelled  through 
Newfoundland, part  of  the  United  States, and 
has  visited  every  important  point  in  Cana- 
da as  far  west  as  Lake  Harno  Hon.  Mr.  Ross 
is  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
and  in  politics  is  a  Liberal.  In  Murch,  1855, 
lie  was  married  to  Eliza  H.  Moore,  daughter 
of  P.  H.  Moore,  of  the  firm  of  G^mmell  and 
Moore,  of  North  Sydney.  The  fruit  of  this 
marriage  was  eight  children,  six  of  whom 
now  survive. 

Label  I  e,  Captain  Jean  Bapti§tc, 
Montreal,  M.P.  for  the  county  of  Richelieu, 
was  born  at  Sorel,  province  of  Quebec,  on 
27th  Miy,  1836.  HJ  is  descended  on  the 
paternal  side  from  a  very  old  French -Cana- 
dian family,  the  first  of  whom  came  from 
France  as  a  soldier,  and  after  getting  his 
discharge  settled  in  the  country.  On  the 
maternal  side  the  family  also  came  from 
France,  and  has  been  many  years  in  the 
country.  His  father,  Toussaint  Labelle, 
was  a  navigator,  and  his  mother  was  named 
Marguerite  Genton  Daaphine.  Captain 
Labelle  received  his  education  in  the  parish 
school  at  Sorel ;  and  as  he  grew  up  took  to 
sailing  craft  on  the  St.  Lawrence  river.  He 
soon  became  an  expert  navigator,  and  for 
over  twenty-five  years  commanded  one  of 
the  finest  of  the  Richelieu  and  Ontario 
Navigation  Company's  passenger  steamers, 
sailing  between  Montreal  and  Quebec.  In 
1880  Captain  Labelle  gave  up  sailing,  and 


190 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


received  the  appointment  of  passenger  agent 
at  Montreal,  of  the  Quebec,  Montreal, 
Ottawa  and  Occidental  Railway  Company  ; 
and  in  1883  he  was  made  general  manager  of 
the  Richelieu  and  Ontario  Navigation  Com- 
pany, which  position  he  still  holds.  In  1868, 
at  the  general  election  then  held,  Mr.  La- 
belle  presented  himself  as  a  candidate  for 
the  Quebec  Legislature  for  Richelieu  coun- 
ty, but  was  defeated  by  the  small  majority 
of  nine  against  him.  At  the  general  elec- 
tion held  in  1887,  he  again  presented  him- 
self to  the  same  constituency,  and  was  re- 
turned as  a  member  of  the  Huuse  of  Com- 
mons at  Ottawa.  As  a  commander,  Mr. 
Labelle  was  one  of  the  most  popular  who 
ever  sailed  the  St.  Lawrence.  He  was  noted 
for  his  courtesy  and  forbearance  ;  his  ability, 
and  his  coolness  and  intrepidity,  which  he 
exhibited  on  several  occasions,  especially  dur- 
ing the  inundation  of  the  Island  of  Sorel 
in  1865,  and  on  the  occasion  of  the  burning 
of  the  steamer  Montreal,  in  1857.  In  poli- 
tics, Captain  Labelle  is  a  Conservative  ;  and 
in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  church.  In  1856,  he  was  married 
to  Delphine  Cre"bassa,  daughter  of  Narcisse 
Crebassa,  notary,  of  Sorel,  a  remote  de- 
scendant of  a  Spanish  family  that  at  first 
emigrated  to  Holland,  and  from  thence 
came  and  settled  in  Canada. 

-UlacCoy,  William  Frederick,  Q.C., 
Barrister,  M.P.P.  for  Shelburne,  Nova 
S-iotia,  Halifax,  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  he 
having  been  born  at  Lysrian,  in  the  county 
of  Longford,  on  the  15th  M*y,  1840.  His 
father,  Thomas  MacCoy,  emigrated  to  Nova 
Scotia  when  William  was  only  eight  years 
of  age.  His  mother,  of  whom  he  has  no 
personal  knowledge,  died  a  few  hours  after 
giving  birth  to  her  boy  ;  and  his  father  died 
about  twenty-four  years  ago.  William 
Frederick  MacCoy  commenced  his  educa- 
tional studies  at  the  National  School  in  Hali- 
fax, and  graduated  at  Sackville  Academy, 
New  Brunswick.  He  adopted  law  as  a  pro- 
fession, and  was  called  to  the  bar  of  Nova 
Scotia,  in  1864.  On  the  llth  October,  1880, 
he  was  appointed  a  Queen's  counsel.  He 
practised  his  profession  in  Shelburne  for 
about  nine  years,  and  then  removed  to  Hali- 
fax, and  is  now  the  head  of  the  firm  of  Mac- 
Coy,  Pearson,  Morrison,  and  Forbes,  bar- 
risters, notaries  and  solicitors  in  Admiralty. 
The  firm  does  a  large  and  lucrative  law 
business.  He  was  elected  one  of  the  alder- 
men of  the  city  of  Halifax,  in  1881,  and  in 
1882  was  offered  the  position  of  attorney- 
general  in  the  Liberal  government  of  that 
day,  but  declined  the  honour,  considering 


that  his  colleague  had  a  prior  claim.  Mr. 
MacCoy  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  a 
seat  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Nova 
Scotia  at  the  general  election  of  1878,  but 
at  the  next  general  election,  he  succeeded 
in  securing  his  election  by  247  of  a  majority, 
and  in  January,  1887,  he  was  again  elected 
to  his  old  seat.  He  is  a  Liberal  in  politics , 
and  in  religion  an  adherent  of  the  Mjthod- 
ist  church.  In  1864,  he  received  a  commis- 
sion as  captain  in  the  militia,  and  takes  a 
lively  interest  in  our  citizen  soldiers  The 
year  after  he  joined  the  Masonic  order,  and 
is  now  a  past  master  of  St.  Andrew's  lodge, 
Halifax.  He,  we  are  glad  to  say,  is  a  strong 
temperance  man,  and  for  years,  has  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  the  advancement  of  temper- 
ance legislature,  and  is  the  author  of  the 
present  Temperance  Act  of  Nova  Scotia. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Independent  Order 
of  Good  Templars,  and  his  eminenf  legal 
knowledge  renders  him  a  very  useful  mem- 
ber of  his  lodge,  when  constitutional  ques- 
tions come  up  for  discussion.  In  the  legis- 
lature he  has  won  a  position  of  prominence, 
and  has  aided  in  shaping  to  a  great  extent 
the  progressive  measures  introduced  of  late 
years,  and  is  one  of  the  recognized  leaders 
of  his  party.  On  the  ]4th  July,  1868,  he 
was  married  to  Maud  L. ,  daughter  of  Robert 
P.  Woodill,  merchant,  Shelburne.  and  has  a 
family  of  two  children. 

Whtdden,  Charles  Blanehard, 
ex-M.P.P.  for  Antigonish,  Nova  Scotia,  was 
born  at  Antigonish,  on  the  5th  June,  1831 , 
and  still  resides  in  the  place  of  his  birth. 
He  is  the  youngest  son  of  John  Blair  Whid- 
den,  who  was  born  in  Stewiacke,  Colchester 
county,  N.S.,  in  1791,  and  great  grandson 
of  James  Whidden,  who  immigrated  from 
New  Hampshire  and  settled  in  Truro  in 
1760.  His  mother,  Harriet  Elizabeth  Sy- 
monds,  was  a  daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Eli- 
zabeth Symonds,  who  came  from  New  Hamp- 
shire in  1804,  and  were  among  the  first 
settlers  in  Antigonish.  Mr  Whidden,  sen., 
when  a  lad  of  ten  years  of  age,  having  lost 
his  father,  spent  some  years  with  an  elder 
sister  in  the  district  of  St.  Marys,  and  after- 
wards came  to  Antigoniah  in  1807,  where 
he  purchased  a  small  property  in  what  is 
now  the  town  of  Antigonish,  and  in  Decem- 
ber, 1816,  married  the  mother  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  the  lady  alluded  to 
above.  C.  B.  Whidden's  father  was  or- 
dained to  the  Baptist  ministry  in  1834,  and 
continued  to  labour  for  that  denomination 
in  the  destitute  parts  of  Nova  Scotia  un- 
til his  death,  which  occurred  on  the  19th 
July,  1864.  His  wife  survived  him  a  num- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


191 


her  of  years,  and  passed  away  to  the  higher 
life  in  May,  1878,  wanting  only  two  months 
of  reaching  her  eightieth  year.  Charles 
was  educated  at  the  Grammar  School  and 
at  the  Academy  in  Antigonish.  After  leav- 
ing school,  he  continued  on  a  farm  for 
some  time  ;  but  in  1863  he  began  business 
on  his  own  account  on  a  small  scale,  and 
devoting  all  his  energies  to  what  he  had 
undertaken,  soon  became  independent.  He 
at  one  time  was  largely  interested  in  ship- 
ping, and  is  still  to  a  limited  extent.  In 
1883  he  retired  from  active  business  pur- 
suits in  favour  of  his  two  sons,  David  Gra- 
ham and  Charles  Edgar.  Mr.  Whidden  is 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  in 
politics  a  Liberal-Conservative.  He  ran  as 
a  candidate  for  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons at  Ottawa  in  1878,  but  was  defeated 
by  a  small  majority.  Again,  in  June,  1882, 
he  made  another  attempt  to  gain  a  seat  in 
the  Commons,  but  met  with  defeat.  How- 
ever, in  September  of  the  same  year,  he  be- 
came a  candidate  in  the  local  election,  and 
was  chosen  to  represent  his  native  county  in 
the  House  of  Assembly  of  Nova  Scotia. 
In  this  house  he  sat  for  four  years,  until  the 
general  election  in  1886,  when  he  suffered 
defeat  on  presenting  himself  for  re  election, 
in  consequence  of  the  repeal  cry,  he  being 
opposed  to  any  change  in  the  political  status 
of  his  province  so  far  as  the  Dominion  is 
concerned.  In  1866  and  1867  he  showed 
himself  strongly  in  favour  of  the  confedera- 
tion of  the  provinces,  and  worked  hard  in 
its  favour.  He  is  a  strong  believer  in  our 
common  country,  and  predicts  a  great  future 
for  it.  He  always  places  country  above  and 
beyond  all  minor  interests.  In  December, 
1856,  he  was  married  to  Eunice  C.  Graham, 
second  daughter  of  the  late  Captain  David 
Graham,  and  MaryBigelow,  his  wife.  The 
fruit  of  this  marriage  has  been  seven  child- 
ren, four  of  whom  have  been  carried  away 
by  death.  Two  of  his  sons,  as  will  be  seen 
above,  have  succeeded  their  father  in  busi- 
ness, and  his  youngest  son,  Howard  P.,  is 
now  taking  a  college  course  at  Wolfville. 

Cuthbert,  Edward  Octavian  .1. 
A.,  Seignior  of  Berthier,  ex-M.P.  for  the 
county  of  Berthier,  province  of  Quebec, 
was  born  at  the  Manor  House,  Berthier  (en 
haut),  on  the  3rd  December,  1826.  His 
father,  the  late  Hon.  James  Cuthbert,  was 
a  scion  of  the  Cuthberts  of  Castle  Hill,  In- 
verness-shire, Scotland  ;  seignior  of  Berthier, 
province  of  Quebec;  for  many  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Special  Council  of  Lower  Canada  ; 
and  in  his  lifetime  rendered  valuable  ser- 
vice to  the  state.  His  mother  was  Mary 


Louise  A.  Cairns.  His  grandfather,  the 
first  Hon.  James  Cuthbert,  was  seignior  of 
the  seigniories  of  Lanoraie,  Berthier,  and 
Maskinonge',  and  in  his  early  days  served  in 
the  Royal  navy  as  a  lieutenant.  He  was  on 
board  the  fligship  at  the  bombardment  of 
Carthagena,  and  was  selected  to  carry  home 
to  Britain  the  tidings  of  the  capture  of  that 
stronghold.  On  his  retirement  from  the 
navy  he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of 
one  of  the  independent  military  companies 
formed  in  Inverness,  which  afterwards  was 
called  the  "Black  Watch,"  and  is  now 
known  as  the  42nd  Highlanders,  and  for 
some  time  served  in  that  regiment.  While 
in  Inverness  he  was  presented  with  a  hand- 
some piece  of  plate  by  the  citizens  for  spe- 
cial services.  He  afterwards  j  <  >ined  the  15th 
regiment  of  foot,  and  assisted  at  the  taking 
of  Louisburg.  He  was  also  with  General 
Wolfe  at  the  battle  of  the  Plains  of  Abra- 
ham, and  had  the  honour  of  being  selected 
by  General  Murray,  to  whom  he  acted  as 
aide-de-camp,  to  carry  to  Britain  the  news 
of  the  fall  of  Quebec.  On  his  return  to 
Canada  he  again  joined  General  Murray's 
staff,  and  in  this  position  he  remained  until 
peace  was  fully  restored,  when  he  retired 
from  the  army.  He  was  then  appointed  by 
Lord  Dorchester  one  of  the  members  of  the 
first  Legislative  Council  formed  after  the 
conquest,  and  became  one  of  the  first  per- 
manent British  settlers  in  Lower  Canada. 
Daring  the  American  revolutionary  war  he 
was  particularly  active  in  suppressing  insur- 
rection, and  instilling  into  the  minds  of  the 
Canadians  sentiments  of  loyalty  and  attach- 
ment to  the  British  Crown.  E  iward,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  received  his  first  edu- 
cation at  the  Berthier  Academy,  and  then  at 
Chambly  College,  at  Chambly.  Soon  after 
leaving  college  he  began  to  take  an  interest 
in  public  affairs,  and  was  afterwards  dected 
mayor  of  Berthier,  and  president  of  the 
County  Agricultural  Society.  In  1867  Mr. 
Cuthbert  entered  the  field  of  politics,  and 
at  the  general  election  held  in  1872  he  ran 
in  the  Conservative  interest,  but  was  defeat- 
ed. A  few  years  afterwards  his  political 
opponent,  Mr.  Paquet,  having  been  called 
to  the  Senate,  he  again  presented  himself  to 
the  electors,  and  was  returned  by  them  as 
their  representative  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons at  Ottawa.  From  this  time  until  the 
dissolution  of  the  house  in  1886  he  occupied 
a  prominent  position  in  the  legislature,  when 
he  was  forced,  through  failing  health,  to 
abandon  political  life,  and  retire  to  his  quiet 
home  at  Berthier.  Mr.  Cuthbert  took  a  lively 
interest  in  the  construction  of  the  North 


192 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Shore  Railway  ;  and  has  also  done  a  good 
deal  to  improve  the  live  stock  in  his  native 
county.  In  politics  he  always  sided  with 
the  Conservative  party ;  and  in  religion  is  a 
member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  On 
the  1st  December,  1853,  he  was  married  to 
Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  Augustus  Bostwick, 
who  in  his  lifetime  was  an  advocate  and 
Queen's  counsel  at  Three  Rivers,  province  of 
Quebec,  and  Georgiana  Cuthbert  (Mr.  Cuth- 
bert's  cousin),  who  was  a  daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  Ross  Cuthbert,  seignior  of  Lano- 
raie  and  Maskinonge".  Ms.  Cuthbert  died 
in  February,  1885,  leaving  two  sons  and 
twin  daughters. 

Baby.  Hon.  Judge  Louis  Fran- 
cois Gec»rge§,  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Queen's  Bench  of  the  Province  of  Quebec, 
was  born  in  the  city  of  Montreal,  on  the 
26th  August,  1334,  and  is  descended  from 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  respected  families 
in  Quebec  province.  The  founder  of  the 
family  in  Canada  was  Jacques  Baby  de  Ran- 
ville,  a  nobleman  from  the  south  of  France, 
who  was  an  officer  of  the  celebrated  regiment 
of  Carignan-Salieres,&ud.  arrived  here  in  1662. 
By  the  family  records  and  papers  it  can  be 
traced  up  to  1375  without  interruption. 
Representatives  of  the  family  have  distin- 
guished themselves  on  the  battle-field,  as 
well  as  in  the  councils  of  the  state  both  here 
and  in  Fiance.  Several  of  them  have  been 
knightsof  Maltaand  of  St.  Johnof  Jerusalem. 
The  last  governors  under  the  French  regime, 
had  many  a  time  occasion  to  call  the  special 
attention  of  the  king  of  France  to  the  meri- 
torious deeds  and  gallant  actions  of  members 
of  this  notable  family.  Several  of  the  dis- 
tinguished men  who  bore  this  name  were 
killed  in  these  early  days  in  battle.  The 
grandfather  of  Judge  Baby  was  the  Hon. 
Francois  Baby,  an  executive  and  legis- 
lative councillor  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
and  in  1775,  adjutant-general  of  the  same 
province,  who  with  his  brother-  in-law  Charles 
Tarieu  de  Lanaudiere,  then  aide-de-camp  to 
Lord  Dorchester,  took  a  very  active  part  in 
the  stirring  events  of  the  time.  His  grand 
mother  was  M  irie  Anne  de  Lanaudiere,  { 
descendant  of  M.  de  Lanaudiere,  governor 
of  Montreal  in  1664,  and  of  Madelon  de 
Vercheres,  the  heroine  of  "La  Nouvelle 
France."  Judge  Baby's  father  was  Joseph 
B  *.by,  a  colonel  in  the  militia  and  long  a 
notary  public  and  prominent  citizen  of  Joli- 
ette,  where  he  died  in  1871.  Hi*  mother, 
Caroline  Guy,  was  a  daughter  of  the  Hon 
Louis  Guy,  in  his  lifetime  king's  notary,  and  a 
member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec.  The  subject  of  our  sketch, 


Judge  Biby,  was  educated  in  St.  Sulpice  Col- 
ege,  in  his  native  city,  and  also  at  Joliette 
College.     After  leaving  school,  where  he  had 
attained  high  distinctions,  he  chose  the  law 
as  a  profession,  and  studied  in  the  office  of 
Drummond  and  Loranger,  of  Montreal,  both 
of  whom  became  ministers  of  the  Crown  and 
were  afterwards   made  judges.     However, 
previous  to  his  admission  to  the  bar,  he  en- 
tered the  civil  service  of  Canada,  in  the  at- 
torney-general's department  for  Lower  Can- 
ada and  for  several  years  occupied  the  posi- 
tion of   clerk,  under  the   government,  but 
was  invited  by  the  late  Sir  G.  E.  Cartier  to 
relinquish  this  position  for  a  more  extended 
field  of  usefulness.     He    w.s   a  particular 
friend  of   the  late  Chief   Justice  Harrison, 
who  was  also  a  clerk  in  the  civil  service  at 
the  same  time  as  he.     In  1857  he  was  called 
to  the  bar,  and  practised  his  profession  in  Mon- 
treal, in  partnership  with  the  Hon.  Louis  T. 
Drummond,  when  his  health  becoming  im- 
paired, he  removed  to   Joliette,    where  he 
continued   his   practice    with    considerable 
success,  in  partnership  with  the  late  Hon. 
L.  A.  Oliver,  who  was  appointed  a  judge 
in  the  superior  court,  in  1875,  having  been 
previously   a  legislative   councillor   and    a 
senator,  and  was  also  mayor  of  that  place 
for    four    or    five    terms.        Though    long 
deeply  interested  in  politics,  Mr  Baby  did 
not   enter  public  life  until  1867,  when  he 
became  a  candidate  for  Joliette  in  the  Dom- 
inion parliament.     At  this  time,  however, 
through  the  over  confidence  of  his  friends 
and  supporters,  he  failed  to  be  elected.    Five 
years  later,  at  the  general  election  of  1872, 
he   was  returned  by  acclamation  ;  was  re- 
elected   in  1874  ;    unseated   on   petition  on 
the  28th  October  of  that  year ;  was  re-elected 
on  the  10th  December  following,  by  a  much 
larger  majority ;  and  again,  at  the  general 
election  in  September,  1878,  he  was  returned 
by  a  still  increased  majority.     On  the  26th 
of  the  next  month,  on  the  return  of  the  Con- 
servatives to  power,  he  entered  the  cabinet 
with  his  friend  the  Hou.  L.  R.  Masson,  and 
was    made    minister  of    Inland    Revenue. 
During  the  time  he  held  this  portfolio,  he 
displayed  great  tact  and  firmness,  and  gave 
great  satisfaction  to  the  public.      In   1875 
he  had  the  honour  of  introducing  the  bill 
for   the   abolition   of  the  death  penalty  in 
cases  of  assault  with  intent  to  commit  rape 
— a  bill  which  was  subsequently  taken  up 
by  the  Hon.  Mr.  Blake,  the  then  minister  of 
Justice,  and   carried    through    parliament. 
During  his   term  of   office,  he  successfully 
carried  through  the  House  of  Commons  acts 
for    the  consolidation   and   amendment   of 


CANADIAN  "BIOGRAPHY. 


193 


the  weights  and  measures,  the  excise  laws, 
stamp  act,  tobacco  laws,  etc.,  and  took  gen- 
erally a  very  active  and  patriotic  part  in  the 
affairs  of   the  nation.     In  1880   he   retired 
from  political  life,  and  was  made  judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  Quebec,  and  subse- 
quently, in  September,  1881,  promoted  to 
the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  which  position 
he  fills  with  dignity,  and  is  very  much  re- 
spected   by    his    confreres    on   the  bench. 
Among   the   many   praiseworthy    deeds   of 
Judge  Baby's  life  is  the  valuable  assistance 
he  rendered  in  the  founding  of  the  Montreal 
Historical  Society,  of  which  he  has  been  an 
efficient  member  since  its  formation.     He  is 
himself  a  historian  of  some  repute,  having, 
like  the  late   Chief  Justice  Lafontaine,  de- 
voted a  good  deal  of  his  time  in  researches 
of  a  historical  character,  particularly  with 
reference  to  Canada,   and   has  brought  to- 
gether, not   however   without   considerable 
expense  and  trouble,  one  of  the  finest  col- 
lections of  Canadian  manuscripts  in    exis- 
tence, and  the  historical  department  of  his 
extensive    library    is    especially    rich    and 
attractive  in  Canadian  literature.     He  is  an 
honorary  member  of  the  Institut-Canadien 
of  Qaebec,  and  also  of  Ottawa,  and  a  member 
and  the  president  of  the    Antiquarian  and 
Numismatic  Society  of  Montreal.     For  this 
last  branch  of  study  Judge  Baby  seems  to 
have   a  passion, — having  devoted   more  or 
less  time  to  it  for  a  number  of  years — and 
his  collection  of  coins  and  medals,  foreign 
and  domestic,  is  one  of  the  best  in  Canada. 
He   is   a   member   of  the  Roman   Catholic 
church,    a  prominent   and  much   respected 
citizen,  and  a  notable  figure  in  literary  and 
religious  circles,  and  appears  never  to  forget 
his   family    motto,  "  Dire  vrai;  faire  bien." 
In  July,   1873,   he  was  married    to    Maria 
Helena   Adelaide,  daughter  of  the  late  Dr. 
Berthelet  of  Montreal  (knight  of  the  order 
of    St.    Sepulchre   of   France),    aifi    Dame 
Helene  Guy.     They  have  no   children. 

Ritchie,  Hon.  Joseph  Norman, 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia. 
Halifax,  was  born  on  the  25th  May,  1834, 
at  Annapolis  Royal,  Nova  Scotia.  His 
parents  were  H  >n.  Thomas  Ritchie,  judge 
of  ttie  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia, and  Anne,  daughter  of  I.  N.  Bond, 
M.  D.,  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia.  Judge 
Joseph  Norman  Ritchie  was  educated  at 
King's  College,  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia, 
where  he  took  the  degree  of  M.A.  He 
afterwards  studied  law,  and  was  called  to 
the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia  on  the  30th  Novem- 
ber, ]857  ;  was  made  a  Queen's  counsel  on 
26th  September,  1872  ;  and  was  raised  to 
L 


the  bench  as  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
on  the  26th  September,  1885.  For  several 
years  previous  to  his  elevation  to  the  bench 
he  acted  in  the  capacity  of  recorder  for  the 
city  of  Halifax.  In  1859,  on  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  volunteer  militia  in  Nova  Scotia, 
Judge  Ritchie  joined  the  force  and  continued 
in  it  and  the  active  militia  of  Canada  until 
1879.  He  holds  a  lieutenant  colonel's  com- 
mission, bearing  date  17th  March,  1876. 
For  several  years  he  was  also  one  of  the 
directors  of  the  Merchants  Bank  of  Halifax. 
In  religion  the  judge  is  and  always  has  been 
an  adherent  of  the  Church  of  England.  He 
has  for  wife  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Coch- 
ran,  of  Newport,  U.S. 

Lorraiii,  Right  Reverend  IVar- 
ci§se  Zephirin,  Bishop  of  Cythera  and 
Vicar  Apostolic  of  Pontiac,  with  his  resi- 
dence at  Pembroke,  Ontario,  was  born  the 
13th  June,  1842,  at  St.  Martin,  county  of 
Laval.  His  father,  Narcisse  Lorrain,  is  a 
descendant  of  that  sturdy  stock  of  pio- 
neers who  settled  the  northern  district  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  and  have  repre- 
sentatives in  the  counties  of  Terrebonne, 
Two  Mountains,  Argenteuil,  etc.,  and  is 
considered  one  of  the  well-to-do  farmers  of 
the  rich  county  of  Laval.  Mr.  Lorrain,  sr. , 
was  married  to  Sophia  Goyer.  In  1855 
Mgr.  Lorrain  was  sent  to  the  seminary  of 
Ste.  The"rese,  in  the  county  of  Terrebonne, 
where  he  commenced  his  classical  studies. 
That  institution,  which  had  been  founded 
some  forty  years  before  by  the  Rev. .  Messire 
Charles  Ducharme,  a  venerable  priest  whose 
memory  will  for  ever  live  in  the  hearts 
of  the  people  of  that  district,  was  then 
under  the  direction  of  Messire  Dagenais, 
superior,  and  Messire  Nantel  (an  elder 
brother  of  the  M.P.P.  for  Terrebonne),  as 
prefect,  of  studies.  Messire  Nantel  is  well 
known  as  a  litterateur  of  no  mean  order,  one 
of  his  principal  works  being  a  translation 
into  French  of  Ollendorf's  English  Gram- 
mar. These  gentlemen  soon  discovered  that 
the  youth  was  an  unusually  bright  pupil, 
and  they  resolved  to  spare  no  endeavour  to 
further  his  studies,  thinking,  and  not  with- 
out good  grounds,  that  in  the  future  he 
would  be  an  honour  to  the  seminary.  The 
career  of  Mgr.  Lorrain  has  proved  that  they 
were  not  wrong,  as  he  has  taken  a  prominent 
place  among  the  scores  of  other  men  of  note 
who  have  graduated  at  that  institution  ; 
among  others  the  Hon.  Theodore  Robitaille, 
ex-lieutenant-governor  of  the  province  of 
Quebec  ;  Hon.  Ged^on  Ouimet,  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction,  Quebec,  and 
many  members  of  parliament  and  senators, 


194 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


besides  many  lawyers  and  doctors.  To  a 
quick  and  perceptive  mind,  Mgr.  Lorrain 
joined  a  sound  judgment,  with  more  than 
his  share  of  energy,  the  latter  quality  being 
in  fact  one  of  the  distinguishing  traits  of  his 
character.  It  is  to  the  knowledge  of  the 
writer  of  this  sketch,  who  was  a  school  mate 
of  Mgr.  Lorrain,  that  at  the  end  of  each 
month,  when  the  notes  were  read  by  the 
director  of  the  seminary,  his  conduct  was 
always  marked  down  as  "  exemplary. "  One 
year  he  carried  eighteen  prizes  in  his  class. 
He  entered  on  the  study  of  theology  at  the 
end  of  his  classical  course,  teaching  a  class 
at  the  same  time,  and  was  beloved  by  the 
pupils  under  his  charge  on  account  of  his 
kindly  disposition  and  gentle  manners, 
which  were  not,  however,  without  an  ad- 
mixture of  firmness.  He  knew  how  to  in- 
stil the  love  of  discipline  which  he  himself 
possessed  in  such  an  eminent  degree.  In 
1864,  Mgr.  Lorrain  graduated  at  Laval  Uni- 
versity, where  he  received  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Sciences,  and  he  was  ordained 
priest  on  the  4th  of  August,  1867,  being 
then  appointed  assistant  director  at  the 
Seminary  of  Ste.  Theiese,  which  position  he 
filled  until  the  15th  of  August,  1869,  when 
he  was  appointed  pastor  to  the  congregation 
of  Redford,  Clinton  county,  in  the  state  of 
New  York.  On  the  3rd  of  August,  1880, 
he  was  promoted  and  appointed  vicar-gen- 
eral of  the  diocese  of  Montreal.  His  ap- 
pointment caused  some  surprise  to  a  great 
many  people  who  did  not  know  him  inti- 
mately ;  but  the  ability  he  displayed  in  the 
management  of  the  affairs,  and  in  the  liqui- 
dation of  the  debts  of  the  episcopal  corpo- 
ration, then  in  financial  troubles,  soon 
justified  the  choice  the  bishop  of  the  diocese 
of  Montreal  had  made  of  his  person  for 
such  an  important  position  as  that  of  vicar 
general.  And  the  surprise  changed  to  won- 
der when  two  years  later,  being  barely  forty 
years  of  age,  on  the  21st  of  September,  1882, 
he  was  consecrated  titulary  bishop  of  Cy- 
thera  and  vicar  apostolic  of  Pontiac,  with 
place  of  residence  at  Pembroke,  he  being 
the  first  bishop  of  that  diocese.  In  this  new 
field  of  labour  Mgr.  Lorrain  has  distin- 
guished himself,  doing  his  utmost  to  concen- 
trate the  scattered  elements  of  his  extended 
but  sparsely- settled  diocese,  and  the  energy 
and  strong  will  which  had  characterised  his 
student  life  were  displayed  on  a  larger  scale, 
an  instance  of  which  may  be  cited  from  the 
fact  of  his  having  travelled,  in  1884,  a  dis- 
tance of  1,500  miles,  in  a  bark  canoe.  And 
here  we  cannot  do  better  than  reproduce  the 
account  of  this  trip,  which  appeared  shortly 


after  his  lordship's  return,  in  the  Pembroke 
Standard,  and  is  of  great  interest  : 

His  lordship's  tour  has  been  an  extended  one 
of  some  sixty-four  days.  His  up  voyage  to  Ab- 
bitibi  has  already  been  described  in  our  columns. 
The  story  of  the  trip  from  Abbitibi  northwards 
will  be  narrated  in  a  series  of  articles  containing, 
besides  the  description  itself,  copious  and  reliable 
information  on  the  agricultural,  mineral  and  tim- 
ber interests  of  this  vast  expanse  of  virgin  soil. 
Suffice  it  to  say  now  that  the  Temiscamingue  re- 
gion is  represented  as  waiting  colonization  ;  and 
that  from  the  height  of  land  northwards,  a  stretch 
of  150  miles  across,  extending  indefinitely  east 
and  west,  gains,  by  lowness  of  the  situation,  a 
mildness  of  temperature  that  probably  lasts  long 
enough  to  mature  the  luxuriant  growth  of  early 
vegetation.  Around  Hudson  Bay  and  for  a  con- 
siderable distance  southwards,  the  land  is  low, 
swampy,  and  impoverished  ;  the  soil  unproductive 
and  the  timbers  dwarfed.  Geological  specimens 
have  been  brought  back  by  the  party,  and  sketches 
of  the  more  picturesque  points  have  been  taken 
by  the  master  hand  of  Father  Paradis.  Travel- 
ling through  these  northern  wilds,  while  it  may 
have  its  interest  for  the  geologist  or  the  artist,  ia 
by  no  means  the  embodiment  of  physical  happi- 
ness. On  water  and  on  land  the  inconveniences 
are  many  and  annoying.  To  paddle  over  rough 
waves  and  through  beating  rain,  to  portage  a 
hundred  rapids,  some  of  them  three  miles  in 
length,  over  rocks  and  ravines  and  fallen  trees, 
through  wet  and  tangled  grass  and  brushwood  ;  to 
camp  in  swarms  of  mosquitoes  and^sand-flies,  on 
swampy  ground,  where  more  than  once  after  the 
tents  had  been  beaten  through  by  nights  of  falling 
rain,  a  half  a  foot  of  water  has  flooded  the  tent- 
floor,  branches  and  blankets  ;  to  wade  knee  deep 
for  a  mile  or  even  two  miles  through  sharp  cut 
stones  and  slough  and  water,  in  the  endeavour  to 
reach  the  shore  and  wait  the  tide  that  alone  can 
give  sufficient  depth  on  certain  parts  of  James* 
Bay,  to  bear  along  a  laden  canoe  ;  to  endure  all 
this  and  more,  is  but  a  specimen  of  the  hardships 
gone  through  by  travellers  to  these  northern  dis- 
tricts. Though  the  Indians  are  cool  intrepid 
guides,  the  most  provoking  shortcomings  have  to 
be  accepted  from  their  hands,  no  matter  how  re- 
luctantly, still  with  silence  and  patience.  On  the 
water  they  work  well,  but  once  on  shore,  to  camp 
for  the  night,  or  to  get  out  of  catching  gales,  or  at 
the  posts  where  missions  are  given,  it  is  almost 
impossible  to  get  them  under  way  again  ;  teasing 
disappointments  and  delay,  an  axe,  a  blanket,  a 
tin  pan  left  behind  prolong  the  stay,  and  time  is 
killed, and  programmes  spoiled,  and  patience  tried. 
The  fiercest  storm  encountered,  perhaps,  was  on 
the  24th  of  June,  the  day  after  the  party  left  Ab- 
bitibi, when  the  thermometer  fell  43°,  and  the 
north-western  extremity  of  the  lake  rolled  moun- 
tain high  before  the  sweeping  hurricane.  To  ad- 
vance was  impossible  ;  the  camp  was  pitched,  and 
beneath  the  swaying  trees,  and  storming  rain,  the 
day  was  passed  wretchedly  beyond  description. 
Disappointments  like  this  have  often  to  be  en- 
countered on  the  ti  ip.  They  are  annoying  in  more 
ways  than  one.  Even  the  provisions  stand  a 
chance  of  running  short,  the  more  so  as  the  In- 
dians, during  these  delays,  pass  the  time  in  gorg- 
ing, being  content  with  nothing  less  than  half  a, 
dozen  meals  each  day.  The  portages  from  Abbi- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


195 


tibi  to  Moose  Factory  are  twenty-one  in  number  ; 
some  of  them  may  be  run  in  a  canoe,  but  the 
greater  number  have  to  be  footed.  From  the  25th 
to  the  27th  of  June  the  voyage  was  agreeable 
enough,  excepting  that  at  times,  and  for  a  distance, 
during  these  days,  of  fifteen  miles,  the  oft  repeat- 
ed feat  of  wading  waist  deep  through  water  and 
struggling  along  rugged  hanks,  had  to  be  resorted 
to  through  sheer  necessity  of  making  any  head- 
way. On  the  28th  the  hair-breadth  escape  of  the 
journey  occurred.  It  was  the  Rapide  de  L'i'e. 
Ordinarily  the  rapid  is  run  without  imminent  risk 
by  keeping  aloof  from  the  whirling  eddy  half  way 
down  its  course  ;  but  the  bowsman  did  slovenly 
work,  and  before  the  approach  of  danger  was 
realized  the  canoe  was  sucked  into  the  engulfing 
seething  pool,  and  was  sp'in  twice  abound  as  on  a 
pivot,  in  the  very  centre  of  th^  rapid  where  the 
broken  waves  leaped  high,  and  the  foam  splashed 
fiercely,  blinding  the  paddlers  and  filling  the  boat. 
Two  feet  more  and  the  canoe  was  beyond  all  res- 
cue. It  was  a  thrilling  moment.  Death,  swift 
and  sure,  was  but  the  moiety  of  a  minute  off ;  but 
the  long-made  resolves  of  coolness  in  case  of  such 
an  accident  stood  well  to  the  occupants  of  the 
boat.  The  steersman — the  most  intrepid  perhaps 
on  the  northern  waters— muttered  one  short  mon- 
osyllable, and  in  the  twinkling  of  an  eye  every 
paddle  was  in  its  position,  and  the  canoe  leaped 
forward,  rocked  in  the  hollows  of  the  waves  and 
forced  sideways  up  the  billows  to  be  hurled  down 
again  below,  till  the  main  current  was  reached, 
one  stroke  of  the  brave  steersman  swung  it  half 
round  and  sent  it  dashing  down  to  the  more  placid 
waters  at  the  foot  of  the  rapids.  "  God  be  bless- 
ed," went  up  from  the  hearts  of  the  bishop  and  his 
missionaries  ;  and  flowing  bowls  of  strong  tea  re- 
warded the  proud  Indians.  On  the  29th  June  the 
party  arrived  at  New-Post,  a  fort  of  the  Hudson 
Bay  Company,  some  150  miles  from  Abbitibi,  and 
120  from  Moose  Factory.  Here  a  mission  was 
given  during  the  day,  and  at  evening  the  start  was 
made  for  Moose  Factory.  Four  portages  more 
are  passed  ere  the  party  reaches  Moose  Fact  >ry 
on  the  2nd  July.  This  fort  is  the  headquarters  of 
the  company,  and  is  by  far  the  most  import- 
ant on  the  whole  route.  The  following  morning 
the  canoe  heads  for  Albany,  another  post  of  the 
H.  B.  Company,  situated  on  the  fiver  Albany, 
which  flows  into  James'  Bay  But  neither  the 
heavens  nor  the  sea  was  propitious,  and  nine  miles 
from  the  Factory  the  canoe  was  brought  to  a  stand- 
still by  a  face-beating  wind,  and  by  a  low  tide, 
whose  influence  is  felt  even  twenty-five  miles 
up  the  Moose  river.  For  three  days  the  camp 
is  pitched  on  the  river  bank,  the  wind  blows,  the 
rain  pours  down,  a  tempest  rages,  it  hails  and 
even  snows  ;  till  a  consultation  being  held,  the 
whole  party  picked  up  their  effects  and  put  back 
to  Moose.  This  was  on  Sunday,  the  6th  July. 
On  Tuesday  a  new  and  more  successf ul  departure 
is  made  for  Albany,  which  is  reached  on  the  llth 
of  the  month.  A  mission,  most  gratifying  in  its 
results,  was  given  here  till  the  15th,  when  the 
home  trip  was  begun.  At  Albany  there  is  a 
magnificent  wooden  church,  50  feet  by  2&  ;  tower- 
crowned,  gothic  style,  and  bell-dtcked.  Some 
500  Indians  are  attached  to  this  mission  church. 
On  the  18th  Ju'y,  Moose  Factory  was  reached  on 
the^home  voyage.  The  next  day  the  canoe  is  off 
a?ain  for  New-Post,  but  more  disappointment  is 
ahead.  A  high  tide  coming  in  at  night  submerges 


the  canoe  and  cargo  lying  on  the  river  shore  ;  and 
for  the  following  days  so  strong  is  the  current  that 
15  miles  have  to  be  tramped  on  foot  before  New- 
Post  comes  in  sight.  To  walk  15  miles  is  nothing  in 
itself,  but  to  walk  15  miles,  up  to  the  waist  in  cold 
water,  piercing  one's  feet  with  the  sharp  cornered 
pebbles  of  the  river  bottom,  and  to  drag  along  a- 
boat  and  its  effects  through  the  opposing  stream, 
all  this  is  something.  New-Post  is  entered  on  the 
25th,  and  is  left  the  next  evening,  a  large  number 
of  Indians  accompanying  to  15  miles  from  the 
post,  where,  after  a  portage  of  three  miles  in 
length  has  been  made,  mass  is  celebrated  for  the 
crowd  on  Sunday  morning.  On  the  2nd  August 
the  return  party  arrives  at  Abbitibi,  where  a 
large  congregation  of  Indians  are  assembled  to 
attend  divine  services  on  the  following  Sunday. 
On  Monday,  the  4th  August,  the  prow  points 
towards  Temiscamingue,  which  gives  glad  welcome 
to  the  party  on  the  7th.  The  three  following 
days  are  devoted  to  the  mission  ;  and  on  Monday 
afternoon  a  start  is  made.  The  next  day,  after 
running  five  rapids  and  portaging  over  three,  the 
party  paddled  into  Mattawa  at  8  o'clock  in  the 
evening.  The  voyage  home,  and  reception,  we 
have  referred  to  in  the  beginning  of  this  article. 
The  trip  has  been  fraught  with  spiritual  blessings 
for  1,400  Indians,  that  are  proud  to  be  the  sub- 
jects of  the  zealous  and  hard-working  bishop  of 
Pembroke.  Non  recuso  la'torem,  "I  flee  not 
work,"  we  read  on  his  coat-of-arms  two  years  ago, 
when  he  took  possession  of  his  See  in  this  town. 
His  heart,  even  then,  when  he  devised  this  motto, 
must  have  beat  love  for  the  poor  Indians  of  Hud- 
son Bay. 

In  1887,  Mgr.  Lorrain  travelled  1,700  miles 
on  his  pastoral  visit  to  the  Indian  missions  on 
the  Upper  Ottawa,  Rupert's  Land  and  the 
Upper  St.  Maurice.  His  route  was  from  Ot- 
tawa, via  Pembroke,  to  Lakes  Temiscamin- 
gue, 0 baching,  Kepewa,  etc.,  thence  to  the 
source  of  the  River  du  Molhe  ;  from  here 
through  a  chain  of  lakes  to  the  "Lac  Bar- 
riere  "  mission,  now  on  Lake  Wapous  ;  thence 
to  Lake  VVassepatebi,  lying  between  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec  and  Rupert's  Land ;  through 
Cypress  Lake,  River  Pekeskak,  by  a  chain  of 
five  lakes,  the  Laloche  river  to  Lake  Was- 
wanipi.  The  return  trip  was  made  by  the 
same  route  as  far  as  Lake  Waswanipi,  to  the 
Mekiskan  river  and  the  upper  waters  of  the 
St.  Maurice  ;  thence  through  various  lakes, 
Lake  Long,  Lake  Coucoucache  and  others 
to  the  Grand  Piles.  This  involved  a  trip 
of  1.700  miles,  mostly  by  water  in  bark 
canoe,  occupying  two  months  and  six 
days,  and  1,172  miles  being  travelled  by 
canoe.  The  portages  were  from  an  arpent 
to  four  miles  long,  and  there  were  157  of 
them  During  the  five  years  Bishop  N. 
Z.  Lorrain  has  been  in  Pembroke  he  has 
paid  an  old  debt  of  $11,000  on  the  church; 
built  a  magnificent  episcopal  residence  at  a 
cost  of  $18,000,  upon  which  sum  $8,000 
has  been  paid  ;  bought  twenty-nine  acres  of 


196 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


land  for  a  graveyard ;  purchased  plots  of 
sixteen  acres  of  ground  in  the  most  beauti- 
ful part  of  the  town,  as  sites  for  charitable 
institutions  in  the  future.  Mgr.  Lorrain 
is  an  eminent  English  scholar.  There  is  no 
doubt  he  is  destined  to  do  a  great  work  for 
his  country,  and  that  his  wise  counsel  will 
always  have  weight  in  the  periodical  coun- 
cils of  his  church. 

Coleman.  Arlhur  Philemon,  Ph.D., 

Professor  of  Geology  and  Natural  History, 
Victoria  University,  Cobourg,  was  born  on 
the  4th  of  April,  1852,  at  Lackute,  pro- 
vince of  Quebec.  His  father  was  the  Rev. 
Francis  Coleman,  a  minister  of  the  Metho- 
dist Church  of  Canada,  and  his  mother, 
Emmeline  Maria  Adams,  was  a  descend- 
ant of  John  Quincy  Adams.  His  early 
education  was  obtained  in  various  public 
and  high  schools  of  Ontario,  according 
to  the  station  occupied  by  his  father,  as 
an  itinerant  Methodist  minister ;  and  this 
ended  in  a  course  of  two  years  in  Cobourg 
Collegiate  Institute.  In  1872,  he  matricu- 
lated in  Victoria  University,  Cobourg,  and 
after  four  years'  residence,  graduated  in 
1876  as  Bachelor  of  Arts,  taking  honours 
and  a  gold  medal.  On  the  advice  of  Dr. 
Haanel,  whose  eloquence  and  ability  as  a 
professor  had  inspired  him  to  study  science, 
he  sailed  for  Europe,  and  in  1880,  matricu- 
lated in  the  University  of  Breslau,  in  Prus- 
sia, Dr.  Haanel's  alma  mater.  During  four 
semesters  he  studied  geology,  mineralogy, 
botany,  histology,  chemistry,  etc.,  under 
such  distinguished  men  as  Roemer,  Conn, 
.  Goeppert,  Dilthey,  Poleck,  Liebisch,  and 
others.  His  dissertation  which  was  on  the 
"  Melaphyres  of  Lower  Silesia,"  and  de- 
manded hard  work  in  microscopic  petrogra- 
phy, as  well  as  some  months  geologizing  in 
the  Giant  Mountains,  on  the  border  between 
Silesia  and  Bohemia,  was  accepted,  and 
after  examination  he  was  admitted  to  the 
degree  of  Doctor  Philosophiae  (cum  laude} 
in  1832.  While  in  Europe,  Professor  Cole- 
man made  numerous  geological  expeditions 
in  Germany,  Austria,  Switzerland,  Italy  and 
Scandinavia,  and  most  of  one  summer  he 
spent  in  Norway,  wandering  on  foot  over 
the  mountains  and  fjelds  collecting  speci- 
mens, and  observing  the  results  of  glacial 
action.  The  most  notable  points  in  this 
journey  were  the  ascent  of  Galdhoepig,  the 
highest  mountain  in  Norway,  and  a  voyage 
along  the  coast  to  Hammerfest  and  the  North 
Cape,  to  see  the  Lapps  and  the  midnight 


sun.  AtKnivskjaerodden,  a  few  miles  from 
the  North  Cape,  the  ship  on  board  of  which 
he  was,  The  Nordstjern,  went  ashore  in  a 
fog,  and  became  wrecked  on  that  bleak 
coast.  The  misfortune  occurred  at  about 
two  o'clock  in  the  morning,  but  aided  by 
the  perpetual  daylight,  the  passengers  and 
crew  succeeded  in  reaching  shore,  and  with- 
in twenty -four  hours  thereafter,  they  were 
rescued  by  another  steamer  and  landed  at 
Hammerfest.  After  a  short  visit  to  France 
and  England,  he  returned  to  Ontario,  and 
towards  the  end  of  1882,  was  inaugurated 
as  professor  of  geology  and  natural  history 
in  Victoria  University,  Cobourg.  Since  that 
date  he  has  continued  in  the  same  position, 
varying  his  life  by  journeys  with  geological 
ends  in  view;  in  this  way  he  visited  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  the  valley  of  the  Colum- 
bia, and  the  Selkirks,  before  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway  was  built,  travelling  by  pack 
pony,  canoe  or  on  foot.  The  professor  be- 
longs to  the  Methodist  church,  and  in  poli- 
tics is  a  Liberal. 

Maedonnell,  Rev.  Daniel  Janie§, 
B.D.,  Pastor  of  West  St.  Andrew's  (Pres- 
byterian) Church,  Toronto.  This  popular 
minister  was  born  at  Bathurst,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  15th  January,  1843.  His  father, 
the  Rev.  George  Macdonnell,  who  was  born 
in  Kirkcaldy,  Fifeshire,  Scotland,  came  in 
childhood  to  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  received 
his  early  educational  training  in  the  schools 
at  Halifax,  and  finished  his  course  of  studies 
at  the  Edinburgh  University.  He  After- 
wards was  minister  of  St.  Luke's  Church, 
(Church  of  Scotland),  at  Bathurst,  from 
1840  to  1851;  spent  two  years  in  Scotland; 
came  to  Upper  Canada  in  1853,  and  was 
settled  successively  in  Nelson  and  Water- 
down,  Fergus  and  Milton,  and  died  at  the 
latter  place  in  1871.  His  mother  was  Elea- 
nor Milnes,  who  was  born  at  Pictou,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  belonged  to  a  branch  of  the 
family  of  Milnes,  of  Derbyshire,  England. 
Daniel  James  Macdonnell,  the  subject  of 
our  sketch,  began  his  education  at  Bathurst 
when  but  a  lad  of  six  years  of  age, — the 
study  of  Latin  being  included  in  his  course 
at  this  unreasonably  early  age.  He  was 
afterwards  sent  to  Scotland,  and  pursued 
his  studies  for  some  time  at  Kilmarnock 
and  Edinburgh,  and  on  his  return  to  Can- 
ada, at  Nelson,  under  the  care  of  the  late 
Dr.  Robert  Douglas,  of  Port  Elgin,  who 
taught  at  "  The  Twelve,"  while  he  was 
prosecuting  his  studies.  Mr.  Macdonnell 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


197 


was  then  taken  in  hand  by  the  late  Dr. 
Tassie,  then  head  master  of  the  Gait  Gram- 
mar School,  who  prepared  him  for  the  uni- 
versity. In  October,  1855,  when  in  his 
thirteenth  year,  he  entered  Queen's  College, 
Kingston,  and  he  held  the  first  place  in 
classics  and  mathematics  during  his  course 
there.  In  1858  he  graduated  B. A.,  and 
two  years  later  M.A.  Some  time  after  he 
took  a  portion  of  his  theological  course  in 
the  Queen's  Divinity  Hall,  Kingston,  under 
Principal  Leitch  and  Professor  Mowat,  and 
spent  the  session  of  1863-64  in  Glasgow, 
where  Dr.  Oaird  was  professor  of  divinity. 
He  completed  his  course  in  Edinburgh, 
having  attended  the  classes  of  the  late  Pro- 
fessor Crawford  and  Robert  Lee,  and  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Divinity. 
The  winter  of  1865-66  he  spent  in  Berlin  in 
acquiring  some  knowledge  of  the  German 
language,  and  picking  up  whatever  theo- 
logical instruction  he  could  gather  from  the 
imperfectly  understood  lectures  of  Profes- 
sors Dorner  and  Hengstenberg.  On  the 
14th  June,  1866",  he  was  ordained  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Edinburgh  (Church  of  Scot- 
land); and  returning  to  Canada  he  was  in- 
ducted to  the  charge  of  St.  Andrew's  Church, 
Peterboro',  Ontario,  on  the  20th  November, 
1866,  where  he  spent  four  years.  He  was 
fiaen  called  to  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Toron- 
to, and  inducted  on  the  22nd  December, 
1870.  The  advent  of  Mr.  Macdonnell  was 
the  signal  for  an  immediate  revival  of  the 
condition  of  the  church.  He  was  young, 
energetic,  and  more  than  all,  earnest  and 
original  in  his  preaching.  Within  a  few 
years  it  was  found  that  the  old  building 
was  inadequate  for  the  purpose,  and  a  new 
and  imposing  structure  was  built  at  the 
corner  of  King  and  Simcoe  streets,  at  the 
cost  of  $86,000  for  building  and  $14,000  for 
additional  ground.  It  is  one  of  the  finest 
and  most  complete  in  all  details  of  the  many 
fine  church  edifices  in  Toronto,  and  is  built 
of  stone  in  the  Norman  style,  with  a  mas- 
sive tower  on  the  south-west  angle.  Mr. 
Macdonnell's  popularity  has  steadily  in- 
creased year  by  year  since  he  came  to  Tor- 
onto, and  although  some  are  inclined  to 
consider  him,  from  "  the  Westminster  Con- 
fession "  standpoint,  rather  liberal  in  his 
theological  views,  yet  his  large  congrega- 
tion listen  with  great  satisfaction  to  his  gos- 
pel of  common  sense,  and  are  most  sincerely 
attached  to  him.  Rev.  Mr.  Macdonnell  was 
one  of  the  most  cordial  supporters  of  Pres- 


byterian union,  and  contributed  largely  to 
its  consummation  in  1875.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Senate  of  Toronto  University,  having 
been  appointed  by  the  Ontario  government. 
He  also  takes  an  active  part  in  works  of 
charity,  and  indeed  in  everything  that  has 
a  tendency  to  help  and  elevate  humanity. 
During  his  college  career,  Rev.  Mr.  Mac- 
donnell taught  for  about  three  years;  was 
head  master  of  Vankleek  Hill  Grammar 
School  for  six  months,  ,when  only  seventeen 
years  of  age;  was  assistant  to  Mr.  Campbell 
(now  Rev.  Robert  Campbell,  D.D.,  minister 
of  St.  Gabriel  street  Church,  Montreal)  for 
a  year  in  the  Queen's  College  Preparatory 
School,  and  head  master  of  the  Wardsville 
High  School  for  a  year  and  a  half.  While 
a  student  in  Scotland,  Mr.  Macdonnell,  dur- 
ing vacation,  took  a  couple  of  walking  tours 
with  fellow  students  through  Switzerland 
and  parts  of  Germany,  and  since  he  settled 
in  Canada  he  has  taken  several  trips  to 
Great  Britain.  On  the  2nd  of  July,  1868, 
he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Logie  Smellie, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  Rev.  George  Smellie, 
D.D.,  of  Fergus.  Rev.  Dr.  Smellie  was  one 
of  the  pioneer  Presbyterian  ministers  of 
Western  Ontario,  and  although  now  in  his 
seventy-sixth  year,  he  still  preaches  every 
Sunday  to  the  people  to  whom  he  has  min- 
istered for  forty -four  years.  There  are  four 
sons  and  a  daughter  in  St.  Andrew's  manse. 
Mr.  Macdonnell's  eldest  boy,  George  Fred- 
erick, aged  fifteen,  is  attending  Upper  Can- 
ada College,  and,  taking  after  his  father,  oc- 
cupies the  position  of  head  boy  in  his  form. 
Hunton,  Sidney  Walker,  M.A., 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the  University 
of  Mount  Allison  College,  Sackville,  New 
Brunswick,  was  born  in  the  city  of  Ottawa, 
Ontario,  on  the  4th  July,  1858.  His  father, 
Thomas  Hunton,  was  for  a  long  time  a  lead- 
ing merchant  at  the  capital,  and  died  a  few 
years  ago.  His  mother,  Amelia  Hunton,  is 
still  alive  and  resides  at  Ottawa.  Professor 
Hunton  was  educated  at  the  Collegiate  In- 
stitute, Ottawa,  where,  in  1875,  he  won  the 
two  medals  offered  by  Lord  Dufferin  for 
mathematics  and  classics.  In  September, 
1876,  he  entered  McGill  College,  Montreal, 
where  he  studied  for  two  years,  and  won 
first  scholarship  in  each  year.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1878,  he  won  the  Canadian  Gilchrist 
scholarship  of  the  value  of  £100  stg.  per 
annum,  tenable  for  three  years,  and  then 
proceeded  to  London,  England,  where  he 
studied  at  University  College,  making  a 


198 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


specialty  of  mathematics.  In  June,  1881, 
he  won  the  Rothschild  scholarship  of  the 
value  of  £56,  which  was  awarded  for  the 
greatest  proficiency  in  mathematics  in  Uni- 
versity College.  He  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  London,  in  Oct.,  1881,  and  was 
appointed  assistant  to  the  professor  of  math- 
ematics in  University  College,  and  held  the 
position  for  two  years.  In  1882  he  became 
lecturer  on  mathematics  in  the  Electrical 
Engineering  College,  London,  which  posi- 
tion he  resigned  in  1883,  on  being  appointed 
to  the  professorship  of  mathematics  at 
Mount  Allison  College,  N.  B.  During  his 
stay  in  Europe  he  also  studied  at  Cam- 
bridge, England,  and  Heidelberg,  Germany. 
He  was  married  on  December  25th,  1884,  to 
Annie  Inch,  daughter  of  J.  R.  Inch,  LL.D., 
president  of  Mount  Allison  College.  Pro- 
fessor Hunton  is  a  credit  to  "  Young  Can- 
ada," and  we  hope  many  will  be  found 
imitating  his  example. 

liny.  Rev.  John,  Pastor  of  the  First 
Methodist  Church,  Hamilton,  was  born  in 
the  town  of  Napanee,  Ontario,  on  the  20th 
of  May,  1838.  His  father  was  Enoch  Kay, 
who  was  born  in  the  county  of  Wicklow, 
Ireland,  in  1812.  His  mother,  Elizabeth 
Coulson,  was  a  native  of  Stockton,  near 
Hull,  England,  and  was  born  in  1815.  His 
grandfather,  Joshua  Kaye  (the  family 
name  was  originally  spelled  Kaye]  emigra- 
ted with  the  family  from  Ireland  many 
years  ago,  and  settled  in  the  eastern  part  of 
Ontario,  where  he  followed  the  same  occu- 
pation as  he  had  done  in  his  native  country, 
namely,  that  of  wheelwright.  He  was  a  man 
of  small  stature,  but  of  marked  intelligence 
and  great  amiability  of  character,  and  a 
leader  among  the  Methodists  of  his  day. 
The  wife  of  this  worthy  man  was  a  Fitz- 
henry,  a  name  of  some  considerable  note  in 
Ireland.  She  was  tall  and  fine  looking, 
and  evidently  had  her  early  training  in  an 
advanced  circle  of  society.  Both  died  in 
the  village  of  Newburg,  and  their  bodies 
rest  in  the  small  rural  cemetery  near  the 
village  of  Napanee  Mills.  His  maternal 
grandfather  was  a  miller  from  his  youth  up, 
and  for  several  generations  some  of  the 
Coulson  family  have  been  engaged  in  this 
business,  and  in  that  of  shipbuilding  in 
England.  The  father  and  mother  were  mar- 
ried in  1837,  the  year  of  the  coronation  of 
Queen  Victoria,  and  took  up  their  residence 
on  a  farm  a  short  distance  north  of  Napa- 
nee Mills.  Here  Mr.  Kay,  sen.,  farmed,  and 


also  carried  on  the  trade  of  carriage-build- 
ing and  blacksmithing,  employing  a  num- 
ber of  workmen.  The  farm  he  afterwards 
sold,  and  moved  into  the  village  of  New- 
burg,  where  he  engaged  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness. Here  young  Kay  received  the  rudi- 
ments of  his  education,  first  in  a  private 
school  and  afterwards  in  the  Newburg  Acad- 
emy. When  he  had  scarcely  reached  his 
fourteenth  year  his  father  died  at  the  early 
age  of  thirty- nine,  leaving  a  widow  and 
three  children  in  poor  circumstances,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  being  the  oldest.  This 
necessitated  his  giving  up  school  and  enter- 
ing on  the  battle  of  life  for  an  existence,  his 
mother  with  the  other  children  returning 
to  her  father's  home  until  he  could  provide 
for  them  elsewhere.  After  a  hard  struggle 
of  several  years  he  succeeded  so  well  as  to 
be  able  to  bring  the  family  again  together, 
and  he  made  a  home  for  them  at  Cramborne, 
a  small  village  about  five  miles  north  of 
Cobourg.  Here  he  was  led  to  think  more 
seriously  of  religious  matters,  and  made  up 
his  mind  to  consecrate  himself  to  the  work 
of  the  church.  He  at  once  set  about  pre- 
paring himself,  and  acted  in  the  capacity  of 
local  preacher  for  some  time.  Having  been 
relieved  soon  afterwards  of  much  business 
anxiety,  he  gave  himself  up  to  labour  and 
study.  After  a  hard  struggle  he  succeeded, 
and  to  Lis  surprise  and  satisfaction,  in  the 
spring  of  1862,  he  was  informed  by  the 
officials  of  the  Methodist  New  Connexion 
Church  of  Baltimore,  Ontario,  with  which 
he  had  connected  himself  a  few  months  be- 
fore, that  they  would  gladly  recommend 
him  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  on  his 
case  being  brought  before  the  conference 
he  was  appointed  to  assist  the  late  Rev.  S. 
B.  Gundy,  in  the  town  of  St.  Mary's.  This 
was  a  fortunate  circumstance  for  the  young 
preacher,  for  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gundy  was  a 
man  of  excellent  ability  and  one  of  the 
finest  preachers  in  the  denomination.  The 
death  of  the  superintendent  some  time  after- 
wards was  a  great  loss  to  Mr.  Kay.  He  then 
took  up  the  course  of  study  prescribed  for 
his  work,  which  by  no  means  was  a  light 
one.  His  studies  were  now  chiefly  directed 
by  the  late  Rev. William  McClure,  who  was 
appointed  at  that  time  to  the  chair  of  the- 
ology, philosophy  and  literature,  for  the 
student  probationers  of  the  church,  and  un- 
der his  able  tuition  he  succeeded  in  master- 
ing the  curriculum  appointed  by  the  Board 
of  Education  of  the  conference.  Since  then 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


199 


he  has  been  successful  in  gaining  some 
knowledge  of  Latin  and  Greek,  with  a  little 
of  German,  but  still  thirsts  for  more  know- 
ledge, as  he  considers  all  possible  lines  of 
study  are  needed  by  the  efficient  and  pro- 
gressive Christian  minister.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Kay  first  began  his  ministry,  as  will  have 
been  observed,  at  St.  Mary's,  and  here  he 
spent  one  year;  next  he  went  to  Manvers, 
where  he  preached  for  two  years  ;  then  he 
went  to  Ingersoll,  and  spent  two  more  years ; 
in  Milton  he  preached  for  three  years;  in 
Waterdown  for  three  years;  Tilsonburg,  two 
years;  London,  two  years;  then  he  again 
spent  two  years  in  Ingersoll  ;  and  then 
moved  to  Waterford,  where  he  spent  three 
years;  in  Thorold,  three  years,  and  for  the 
last  three  years  he  has  been  in  Hamilton. 
In  1872,  when  the  subject  of  Methodist 
union  was  a  live  topic  in  the  churches,  Eev. 
Mr.  Kay  was  secretary  of  conference,  and 
contributed  by  both  voice  and  pen  to  bring 
about  union,  and  when  this  great  movement 
was  accomplished  he  was  removed  from  Til- 
sonburg to  London  by  the  conference  of 
1875,  and  during  his  stay  there  he  helped  to 
build  the  Wellington  Street  Church  and  par- 
sonage, which  is  now  one  of  the  most  pros- 
perous churches  in  the  denomination.  This 
reverend  gentleman  has  been  several  times 
financial  secretary  of  the  districts  in  which 
he  has  been  stationed;  and  in  1886  he  was 
a  representative  at  the  General  Conference 
which  was  held  in  Toronto.  He  has  found 
time,  also,  to  attend  to  the  temperance 
movement.  From  boyhood  he  has  been  a 
teetotaller,  having  joined  the  Cadets  of 
Temperance  in  Newburg,  and  subsequently 
entered  the  orders  of  the  Sons  of  Temper- 
ance and  Good  Templars ;  and  later  held 
for  two  years  the  office  of  grand  counsellor, 
and  for  three  years  that  of  chaplain  in  the 
Supreme  Lodge  of  the  Royal  Templars, — 
which  holds  its  annual  sessions  in  the  city 
of  Buffalo,  where  the  order  was  first  organ- 
ized in  1870.  As  a  natural  consequence  he 
is  a  firm  and  uncompromising  prohibitionist, 
holding  that  the  only  way  to  elevate  the 
masses  and  improve  the  financial  condition 
of  the  country  is  the  entire  abolition  of  the 
traffic  in  intoxicating  drinks.  Mr.  Kay  also 
belongs  to  the  United  Order  of  Workmen, 
and  did  for  some  time  belong  to  the  orders 
of  Oddfellows  and  Foresters,  but  a  few 
years  ago  found  it  necessary  to  retire  from 
them.  As  we  have  seen,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  was  brought  up  in  the  Methodist 


fold,  and  he  has  seen  no  reason  since  to 
change  his  belief  in  the  doctrines  that  were 
taught  him  at  his  mother's  knee;  but,  nev- 
ertheless, he  is  not  opposed  to  a  progressive 
theology,  and  can  see  no  reason  why  a  per- 
son should  be  compelled  to  follow  all  the 
old  methods  of  reasoning  and  forms  of  ex- 
pression. The  words  of  modern  use  are  of- 
ten as  expressive  as  those  used  aforetime, 
and  some  of  the  old  ones  are  none  the  worse 
for  being  used  before.  The  Augustinian 
school  of  theology  finds  no  favour  with  him. 
He  believes  in  a  free  will — without  the  ne- 
cessitarian adjuncts  of  such  limitations  as 
affords  it  only  to  a  few  favoured  persons — 
the  free  and  'full  salvation  for  all,  and  the 
kindest  and  most  gracious  invitation  to  all 
to  come  to  the  fountain  and  drink.  The 
gospel  freely  offered  is  God's  expression  of 
love.  He  has  also  devoted  some  time  to 
literature,  and  in  1871  published  a  very  in- 
teresting "  Biography  of  the  Rev.  William 
Gundy,"  his  father-in-law.  This  volume 
was  very  favourably  received,  and  highly 
praised  by  the  press.  He  is  a  dilligeut 
student,  and  has  also  on  several  occasions 
contributed  to  the  columns  of  our  news- 
papers and  periodicals.  On  the  20th  of 
October,  1864,  he  was  married  to  Eliza, 
second  daughter  of  the  Rev.  William  Gundy, 
who  for  more  than  half  a  century  was  a 
preacher  of  the  gospel,  and  though  now 
dead  for  over  sixteen  years,  yet  speaketh. 
Six  of  a  family  have  been  born  of  the  union, 
four  of  whom  survive,  two  sons  and  two 
daughters. 

Macdonaicl,  Rev.  Jame§  Cliarle§, 
Charlottetown,  Prince  Edward  Island,  is 
descended  from  an  old  Highland  family, 
who  emigrated  to  Prince  Edward  Island  in 
the  last  century.  His  ancestors  formed 
part  of  the  gallant  band  brought  out  by 
the  Laird  of  Glenaladale,  in  the  Alexan- 
der in  1772.  His  father,  John  Macdon- 
ald,  of  Allisary,  and  his  mother,  Ellen  Mac- 
donald,  of  Garahelia,  were  natives  of  Prince 
Edward  Island.  Their  son  was  born  at 
Allisary,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Andrew,  in 
that  province,  on  the  15th  July,  1840,  and 
was  baptised  in  the  old  St.  Andrew's 
Church,  built  in  that  mission,  by  Bishop 
McEachern,  in  the  early  days  of  Catholicity 
in  Prince  Edward  Island.  After  prelimin- 
ary studies  in  a  district  school,  Mr.  Mac- 
donald  entered  St.  Dunstan's  College  in 
1866.  He  remained  there  for  four  years, 
and  in  1870,  went  up  to  the  Grand  Semin- 


200 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ary,  at  Montreal.  After  a  three  years' 
course,  he  was  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of 
Charlottetown,  and  at  once  proceeded  to 
St.  Dunstan's  College,  to  fill  a  vacant  pro- 
fessorship in  that  institution.  In  1875, 
Mr.  Macdonald  was  appointed  to  the  mis- 
sions of  St.  James,  Georgetown,  and  All 
Saints,  Cardigan  Bridge.  In  1876,  the 
mission  of  St.  Theresa,  Baldwin's  Eoad, 
was  added  to  these  ;  but  in  1878,  it  was 
placed  in  the  charge  of  another  priest.  In 
1881,  the  late  Very  Kev.  Dr.  Macdonald 
was  associated  with  Father  Charles  Mac- 
donald, in  the  care  of  the  missions  of  St. 
James  and  All  Saints,  to  which  was  an- 
nexed St.  Paul's,  Sturgeon.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1884,  to  the  great  regret  of  his  parish- 
ioners, Father  Macdonald  was  removed  from 
Georgetown,  and  installed  as  rector  of  St. 
Dunstan's  College,  Charlottetown.  During 
the  period  in  which  he  has  presided  over 
that  institution,  St.  Dunstan's  has  prospered 
exceedingly,  and  now  boasts  a  staff  of  eight 
professors,  three  clerical  and  five  lay,  and 
a  roll  of  eighty-six  students,  several  of 
whom  give  promise  of  doing  great  credit  to 
their  alma  mater. 

Maepliei>oii,  Henry,  Braeside,  Owen 
Sound,  Ontario,  Judge  of  the  County  Court 
of  the  county  of  Grey,  Local  Judge  of  the 
High  Court  of  Justice,  Surrogate  Judge  of 
the  Maritime  Court,  was  born  17th  August, 
1832,  at  Picton,  county  of  Prince  Edward, 
province  of  Ontario.  He  was  son  of  Lowther 
Pennington  Macpherson,  late  'of  Picton, 
barrister- at-law,  and  of  Eliza  Isabella 
Louisa  McLean,  his  wife.  Lowther  was 
the  son  of  Lieut. -Colonel  Donald  Macpher- 
son, of  the  10th  Koyal  Veteran  Battalion, 
who  commanded  at  Kingston  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war  with  the  United 
States  in  1812 ;  and  was  afterwards  ordered 
to  Quebec,  where  he  remained  till  the  close 
of  the  war  in  1814,  when  he  returned  to  his 
property  of  Cluny,  near  Kingston.  Colonel 
Macpherson  was  the  son  of  Evan  Macpher- 
son, chief  of  the  clan  Macpherson,  who  join- 
ed the  standard  of  Prince  Charles  Edward 
Stuart  at  the  time  of  the  rebellion  in  Scot- 
land in  1745.  Lowther  was  born  on  ship- 
board, in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  when 
his  father  was  coming  out  to  Canada  with 
his  regiment,  and  died  at  sea  near  the  West 
India  Islands,  where  he  had  gone  for  his 
health  in  1836.  Eliza  Macpherson  was  the 
youngest  daughter  of  Lieut. -Colonel  Allan 
N.  McLean,  of  •'  The  Grove,"  Kingston,  and 


who  practised  law  there.  In  1812  he  closed 
his  office,  and  was  greatly  instrumental 
in  raising  the  Incorporated  Militia,  which 
regiment  he  commanded  until  he  was  su- 
perseded by  an  officer  of  the  line.  One  of 
his  sons  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  Glengarry 
Fencibles,  and  was  killed  at  Queenston 
Heights,  and  his  son-in-law,  Captain  Walker, 
commanded  a  company  of  the  Incorporated 
Militia,  and  was  killed  at  Lundy's  Lane. 
Colonel  McLean  represented  the  county  of 
Frontenac  in  the  Provincial  parliament  for 
many  years,  in  the  early  part  of  the  present 
century,  and  was  for  sixteen  years  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Assembly.  Eliza  Macpher- 
son died  in  1885  in  her  eightieth  year. 
Henry  Macpherson  was  educated  at  the 
Grammar  School,  Kingston,  and  afterwards 
at  Queen's  College,  where  he  graduated  as 
Bachelor  of  Arts  in  April,  1851.  He  studied 
law  in  the  office  of  Thomas  Kirkpatrick,  Q.C., 
of  Kingston,  who  was  afterwards  M.P.  for 
the  county  of  Frontenac.  He  was  admitted 
as  an  attorney  in  Easter  term  in  1854,  after 
which  he  entered  the  law  office  of  George 
A.  Phillpotts,  of  Toronto,  afterwards  Junior 
Judge  of  the  county  of  York,  where  he  re- 
mained until  called  to  the  bar,  in  Hilary, 
term  1855.  In  March  of  that  year,  he 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Owen  Sound,  in  the  county  of  Grey,  where 
he  continued  until  appointed  judge  of  the 
County  Court  of  that  county  in  January, 
1865.  Owen  Sound  was  at  that  time  a 
portion  of  the  township  of  Sydenham,  but 
in  1856  it  was  incorporated  as  a  town, 
having  a  population  of  about  2,000.  It 
was  the  county  town  of  the  county  of  Grey, 
which,  with  the  adjoining  county  of  Bruce', 
was  then  comparatively  a  new  settlement, 
the  population  of  Grey,  according  to  the 
census  of  1852,  being  something  over  13,000 
and  that  of  Bruce  being  between  2,000  and 
3,000.  The  peninsula  north  of  Owen  Sound, 
between  Georgian  Bay  and  Lake  Huron, 
was  then  a  wilderness  and  not  yet  surren- 
dered by  the  Indians.  The  roads  through 
the  counties  were  in  a  very  bad  condition, 
and  until  the  opening  of  the  Northern  Kail- 
way  to  Collingwood  in  the  winter  of  1854-5, 
everything  had  to  be  brought  to  Owen 
Sound  by  vessel  from  Coldwater,  or  teamed 
up  from  Guelph.  A  few  years  after  this, 
the  county  of  Grey  expended  $200,000  in 
building  about  180  miles  of  gravel  roads 
through  the  country,  on  which  no  toll  gate 
was  ever  placed,  and  the  county  of  Bruce 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


211 


a  few  years  after  followed  the  example  thus 
set  of  building  a  number  of  leading  gravel 
roads  through  the  county  without  placing 
toll  gates  on  them.  The  population  of  the 
county  of  Grey  at  the  last  census,  in  1881, 
was  over  75,000,  and  that  of  Bruce  over 
65,000.  A  number  of  railways  are  now 
running  through  the  counties,  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway  having  a  lake  terminus  at 
Owen  Sound,  which  has  a  population  of 
about  6,000,  a  dry  dock  capable  of  receiving 
very  large  steamers  (the  first  built  in  Canada 
above  the  Welland  Canal),  an  excellent 
system  of  waterworks,  is  lighted  by  electric 
lights,  and  to  and  from  its  harbour  a  large 
fleet  of  steamers  (including  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway's  steel  steamships),  and 
sailing  vessels  run  to  all  the  various  ports 
on  the  upper  lakes.  Besides  the  position 
of  county  judge  to  which  Mr.  Macpherson 
was  appointed  in  1865,  he  holds  the  posi- 
tion of  local  judge  of  the  High  Court  of 
Justice,  to  which  he  was  appointed  in  March, 
1882;  of  surrogate  judge  of  the  Maritime 
Court  of  Ontario,  to  which  he  was  appointed 
in  February,  1879,  and  of  revising  officer 
of  the  North  Riding  of  Grey,  to  which  he 
was  appointed  in  October,  1885.  Judge 
Macpherson  has  long  taken  a  great  interest 
in  Freemasonry,  into  which  he  was  initiated 
in  June,  1857,  in  the  city  of  Toronto,  and 
in  the  fall  of  that  year,  assisted  by  other 
brethren,  he  opened  a  lodge  in  Owen  Sound 
under  a  dispensation  from  Sir  Allan  Napier 
MacNab,  grand  master  of  the  Ancient  Grand 
Lodge  of  Canada,  and  of  which  lodge  he  was 
the  first  worshipful  master.  He  is  the  only 
survivor  of  the  original  members  of  that 
lodge.  The  Ancient  Grand  Lodge  was  in 
July  of  the  following  year  merged  in  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  Canad?.  He  has  been  a 
regular  attendant  at  the  meetings  of  the 
Grand  Lodge,  and  in  1863  was  elected 
grand  senior  warden.  He  has  been,  with 
the  exception  of  two  years,  continuously  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  General  Purposes 
since  its  formation,  in  1861,  has  frequently 
been  and  is  at  present  vice-president  of  that 
board,  and  is  also  chairman  of  the  sub-com- 
mittee on  jurisprudence.  He  is  also  the 
representative  of  the  Grand  Orient  of  Uru- 
guay, and  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Maryland,, 
near  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Canada.  He  has 
also  taken  an  active  part  in  Capitular  Ma- 
sonry. He  was  exalted  in  February,  1858, 
and  in  1866,  assisted  in  the  formation  of  a 
chapter  in  Collingwood,  of  which,  in  1867, 


he  became  first  principal.  In  1873,  he 
assisted  in  the  formation  of  a  chapter  in 
Owen  Sound,  of  which,  at  the  commence- 
ment he  was  first  principal.  In  Grand 
Chapter,  after  filling  the  chairs  of  3rd  and 
2nd  principal,  he  was,  in  1883,  elected  grand 
first  principal,  which  office  he  held  two 
years.  He  is  also  representative  of  the 
Grand  Chapter  of  California,  near  the 
Grand  Chapter  of  Canada.  He  has  also 
been  instrumental  in  the  formation  or 
carrying  on  of  many  local  and  other 
societies.  Judge  Macpherson  was  the  first 
secretary  and  afterwards  president  of  the 
Mechanics'  Institute.  He  has  been  presi- 
dent of  the  North  Riding  of  Grey  Agricul- 
tural Society,  and  has  been  several  times 
and  is  now  president  of  the  Horticultural 
Society,  and  has  been  vice-president  of 
the  Fruit  Growers'  Association  of  Ontario. 
He  was  the  first  captain  and  several  years 
president  of  the  Cricket  Club,  was  several 
years  president  and  is  now  patron  of  the 
Curling  Club,  and  has  been  president  of  the 
Ontario  branch  of  the  Royal  Caledonian 
Curling  Club.  He  also,  in  1874,  assisted  in 
the  formation  of  a  joint  stock  company  to 
build  a  curling  and  skating  rink,  of  which 
he  was  the  first  president.  This  was  the 
first  company  formed  for  this  purpose  under 
the  Ontario  Act.  He  has  also  been  presi- 
dent of  the  First  Canada  Rifle  Club,  of  the 
Gun  Club,  and  of  the  Fish  and  Game  Pro- 
tection Society,  and  is  now  chairman  of  the 
managing  committee  of  the  Owen  Sound 
Club.  In  this  age  of  locomotion  his  travels 
can  hardly  be  considered  important,  yet  he 
has  travelled  through  Canada  from  Manitoba 
to  Newfoundland,  and  through  all  the  great 
lakes.  He  has  been  through  most  of  the 
states  east  of  the  Mississippi  from  Minne- 
sota to  Florida;  and  has  visited  a  number 
of  cities  of  the  United  States  from  St.  Paul 
and  Minneapolis  to  New  Orleans,  and  from 
the  Atlantic  coast  to  the  Mississippi.  He 
was  at  the  Paris  Exhibition  of  1867,  the 
Centennial  Exhibition  held  at  Philadelphia 
in  1876,  the  Colonial  Exhibition  at  London, 
and  the  International  Exhibition  at  Liver- 
pool in  1886.  He  has  visited  the  Bahama 
Islands,  and  last  winter  travelled  by  sea 
from  New  York  to  New  Orleans,  up  the 
Missisippi  to  Memphis,  and  across  home  by 
rail,  paying  visits  to  the  diffierent  cities  on 
the  way,  and  also  visiting  the  mammoth 
cave  of  Kentucky,  his  journey  being  nearly 
5,000  miles.  He  has  aisc  visited  most  of 


202 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  important  cities  and  other  points  of  in- 
terest in  England  and  Scotland,  including 
the  islands  of  Skye,  Staffa,  lona,  Man, 
Wight,  etc.  During  last  summer,  he  also 
visited  Egypt,  including  the  Suez  Canal, 
the  Nile,  Cairo,  the  Pyramids,  the  battle 
field  of  Tel-el-Kebir,  etc.,  going  by  way  of 
the  Mediterranean  and  calling  at  Gibraltar 
and  Malta,  travelling  in  all  nearly  15,000 
miles.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England.  In  May,  1875,  he  married  Eliza 
McGill  McLean,  second  daughter  of  Allan 
N.  McLean,  formerly  of  Toronto,  now  of 
London,  England,  and  grand-daughter  of 
the  late  John  McLean,  formerly  sheriff  at 
Kingston,  who  was  a  brother  of  the  late 
Hon.  Chief  Justice  McLean,  of  Toronto  ; 
Mrs.  Macpherson  died  in  April,  1880,  leav- 
ing two  children,  only  one  of  whom  still 
survives. 

Campbell,  Rev.  Kenneth  A.,  Oril- 
lia, Ontario,  was  born  in  the  township  of 
Thorah,  Ontario  county,  on  the  30th  of 
November,  1837.  His  father,  Kenneth 
Campbell,  was  born  in  the  county  of  Glen- 
garry, Ontario,  and  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  in  the  township  of  Thorah,  and  ren- 
dered most  valuable  assistance  to  the  Scot- 
tish immigrants,  who  afterwards  settled  in 
that  and  neighbouring  townships.  Mr. 
Campbell  was  captain  of  militia.  Eev.  Mr. 
Campbell  received  the  rudimentary  part  of 
his  education  in  a  public  school  of  his  native 
section,  and  afterwards  made  a  full  course, 

Preparatory  to  ordination,  in  St.  Michael's 
ollege,  Toronto,  and  was  ordained  to  the 
priesthood  by  Archbishop  Lynch,  in  St. 
Joseph's  Church,  Beaverton,  on  the  21st  of 
September,  1854.  He  was  appointed  assist- 
ant to  the  Very  Eev.  G.  E.  Northgroves,  in 
the  parish  of  Barrie,  and  in  April,  1856,  he 
was  appointed  parish  priest  of  Mara  and 
Orillia.  In  this  charge  he  laboured  with 
zeal  for  eight  years.  He  built  a  neat  sub- 
stantial brick  church  in  the  village  of 
Brechin;  attended  to  the  wants  of  the  set- 
tlers of  his  faith  in  the  district  of  Muskoka, 
and  discharged  efficiently  the  duties  of  local 
superintendent  of  schools  in  the  townships 
of  Mara  and  Eama.  In  June,  1872,  he  built 
the  Church  of  the  Angels  Guardian,  in 
Orillia,  a  solid  structure  of  fine  architectural 
design,  and  an  ornament  to  the  town.  The 
interest  of  the  congregation  of  Orillia  re- 
quiring a  resident  priest,  the  village  was 
erected  into  a  separate  parish,  and  Father 
Campbell  was  appointed  to  the  charge  in 


1874.  Upon  his  removal  to  Orillia,  he  set 
to  work  to  erect  the  handsome  presbytery 
in  which  he  now  resides.  Subsequently  he 
built  a  solid,  well-planned,  well-appointed 
separate  school-house,  and  a  tasteful  brick 
church  in  the  village  of  Warminster.  He 
not  only  attends  to  the  elementary  instruc- 
tion of  the  children  under  his  care,  but  takes 
a  deep  interest  in  higher  education.  Four 
years  ago  he  was  appointed  by  the  county 
council  of  Simcoe  trustee  of  the  High  School 
Board,  and  on  that  board  he  has  held  the 
position  of  chairman  for  the  four  years  that 
he  has  been  a  member  thereof.  Father 
Campbell  has  left  his  imprint  for  good  in 
the  various  important  positions  he  has  held, 
and  we  hope  he  may  be  long  spared  to  bless 
mankind. 

Brno*-,  Rev.  George,  B.A.,  Pastor 
of  St.  David's  (Presbyterian)  Church,  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  is  a  Scotchman  by 
birth,  having  been  born  near  Aberdeen, 
Scotland,  on  6th  of  September,  1837.  His 
parents  were  John  Bruce  and  Elspeth  Cad- 
ger. The  family  is  an  old  one  and  can  be 
traced  far  back  in  the  annals  of  Scotland. 
The  Simpsons  (Sir  George  and  Thomas), 
of  Hudson  Bay  notoriety,  were  relatives, 
and  Mr.  Bruce,  sen.,  remembers  when 
young  George  Simpson  came  to  bid  them 
good-bye  before  leaving  for  America.  Al- 
exander Bruce,  the  eldest  brother  of  John 
Bruce,  was  educated  in  King's  College, 
Aberdeen.  When  the  Rev.  George  Bruce 
was  only  four  years  of  age  he  was  brought 
to  Canada.  The  family  settled  in  Mark- 
ham,  near  Toronto,  and  there  they  have 
been  extensively  engaged  in  various  kinds 
of  business  ever  since,  chiefly,  however,  in 
farming  and  milling.  George,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  after  receiving  the  usual 
public  school  training,  attended  the  Normal 
School  in  Toronto  for  some  time;  and  in 
1863  he  went  to  Whitby,  where,  under 
Thomas  Kirkland,  now  principal  of  the  To- 
ronto Normal  School,  he  prepared  himself 
for  the  university.  In  September,  1864,  he 
matriculated  in  the  University  of  Toronto, 
and  four  years  afterwards  he  graduated 
from  the  same  institution.  While  attend- 
ing the  university  he  devoted  himself  to 
feneral  study,  principally,  however,  in  the 
irection  of  mathematics,  metaphysics,  poli- 
tical economy  and  natural  science  (espe- 
cially in  regard  to  its  more  modern  devel- 
opments, in  which  he  took  an  exceptional 
interest).  He  then  entered  Knox  College, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


203 


in  the  same  city,  and  from  this  college  he 
graduated  in  1871.  While  a  student,  Mr. 
Bruce  became  deeply  impressed  with  the 
great  loss  sustained  by  the  church  through 
the  frequent  removal  of  student  mission- 
aries from  their  fields,  on  account  of  their 
return  to  college  every  winter  to  pursue 
their  studies,  leaving  the  fields  unsupplied 
to  the  manifest  and  serious  loss  of  the  in- 
terest and  organization  which  had  resulted 
from  the  labours  of  the  missionary  during 
the  summer.  As  licentiates  were  almost 
always  settled  in  congregations  at  once 
upon  the  completion  of  their  studies,  the 
smaller  and  more  sparsely  settled  mission 
fields  were  left  almost  entirely  to  the  stu- 
dent supply  in  the  summer  vacation.  It 
seemed  to  him  that  the  only  relief  for  this 
lay  in  getting  students  to  give  from  one 
to  two  or  more  years  of  voluntary  work  to 
these  fields  after  they  were  licensed,  so  as 
to  bring  them  up  to  a  stable  and  self-sus- 
taining position.  He  wrote  a  considerable 
number  of  articles  calling  attention  to  this 
matter,  and  brought  it  before  the  General 
Assembly.  In  order  to  make  practical  trial 
and  do,  himself,  what  was  recommended, 
he  took  such  work  for  four  years  after  he 
was  licensed,  declining  to  be  ordained, 
though  he  is  not  sure  of  the  wisdom  of 
that  part  of  his  course  now,  as  ordination 
gives  additional  fitness  for  the  work  falling 
to  the  hand  of  the  missionary.  The  sys- 
tem, however,  gradually  gained  favour,  and 
is  now  almost  universally  put  in  practice  in 
such  fields,  as  far  as  young  men  can  be 
found  willing  to  undertake  such  work. 
Rev.  Mr.  Brace's  field  lay  in  the  region  of 
Newmarket  and  Aurora,  Ontario,  which, 
though  old  and  prosperous  settlements, 
had  suffered  very  much  so  far  as  the  Pres- 
byterian church  was  concerned,  from  the 
system  he  had  spoken  of.  Two  brick 
churches  were  built  during  the  four  years 
he  resided  there,  and  the  congregations 
were  separated  soon  after  and  are  both 
prosperous.  In  September,  1876,  he  was  or- 
dained over  the  First  Presbyterian  Church 
in  St.  Catharines,  Ontario,  where  he  re- 
mained seven  years.  This  charge  had  been 
one  of  the  congregations  established  bv 
the  American  Church,  and  retained  its  name 
as  such  and  its  connection  with  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Buffalo  till  immediately  before 
his  ordination.  He  was,  therefore,  the  first 
minister  in  the  new  relation,  although  it 
was  a  very  old  congregation.  During  his 


ministry  a  brick  church,  the  one  now  hi 
use,  was  erected.  Rev.  Mr.  Bruce  was  for 
six  years  convener  of  the  Home  Mission 
Committee  of  the  Presbytery  of  Hamil- 
ton, and  member  of  the  General  Home 
Mission  Committee  of  the  church.  In 
1881  he  was  sent  out  with  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Cochrane  by  the  Home  Mission  Committee 
to  visit  the  churches  in  Manitoba,  and  to 
meet  with  the  presbytery  and  arrange  for 
the  designation  of  the  Rev.  James  Robert- 
son as  superintendent  of  missions,  as  well 
as  for  the  settlement  of  various  other  ques- 
tions which  had  been  before  the  committee. 
On  his  way  up  to  fulfil  this  appointment 
he  was  on  the  steamer  City  of  Winnipeg 
when  she  was  burnt  at  Duluth.  The  fire 
took  place  at  night  and  five  lives  were  lost, 
the  others  escaping  with  difficulty.  Besides 
church  work  he  has  always  had  a  deep  in- 
terest in  educational  matters,  and  has  writ- 
ten a  good  deal  in  connection  with  our  sys- 
tem from  time  to  time.  In  January,  1883, 
he  was  inducted  into  his  present  charge, 
St.  David's  Church,  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick. The  congregation  was  one  formed  at 
the  disruption  as  the  Free  Church,  and  is  a 
large  and  active  one.  Here  as  formerly  he 
has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  home  mission 
work.  Within  the  bounds  of  the  large 
presbytery  there  is  a  vast  field.  He  is  con- 
vener of  an  "Augmentation Committee "  for 
enlarging  the  salary  of  ministers  in  weak 
charges.  Rev.  Mr.  Brace's  travels  have  not 
been  great,  although  somewhat  extended  on 
this  continent,  and  almost  incessant  at  times 
in  church  work.  His  trip  in  1881  to  the 
North- West  was  an  interesting  experience 
of  the  "  trail  and  tent "  life,  as  the  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Railway  was  only  commenced, 
and  he  passed  the  men  at  work  several 
times.  They  had  then  attained  a  rate  of 
one  mile  per  day,  which  was  considered  a 
wonder,  although  this  speed  of  track-laying 
was  afterwards  increased  to  three  or  even 
four  miles  per  day.  His  religious  views 
have  continued  much  the  same  in  general 
principles.  He  is  a  Presbyterian,  and 
therefore,  of  course,  a  Calvinist  in  doctrine. 
He  has  gone  over  all  the  ground  carefully 
in  connection  with  scientific  difficulties  and 
other  new  phases,  and  with  a  mind,  so  far 
as  he  knows,  open  to  receive  impressions 
and  conviction.  He  believes  much  enlarge- 
ment has  come  from  the  study  of  Science 
in  connection  with  Religion,  but  has  seen 
nothing  to  cause  him  to  change  his  faith  in 


A  CYCLOP  JELIA  OF 


the  "  old  doctrines."  It  has  been,  he  thinks, 
man's  narrow,  mistaken,  and  prejudiced 
construction  of  Bible  teaching  which  has 
been  the  source  of  the  weakness,  wherever 
there  has  really  been  a  weakness.  What  is 
needed  is  practical  adaptation  of  teaching, 
preaching,  and  modes  of  work  to  the  re- 
quirements of  the  age.  Broad  sympathy 
and  charity  is  the  very  pith  >and  marrow  of 
the  Gospel,  and  unswerving  loyalty  to  the 
truth  where  it  is  perceived.  He  has  read 
extensively  in  rationalistic  literature,  the 
"  new  theology  "  and  evolutionary  theories 
of  revelation  and  man.  He  admires  the 
scientific  spirit  and  patient  research,  but 
is  deeply  impressed  with  the  rash  and  su- 
perficial nature  of  much  of  the  theorising 
so  confidently  asserted.  It  is  unscientific 
and  unreliable.  On  the  18th  June,  1884, 
Rev.  Mr.  Bruce  was  married  to  Catherine 
Emily,  third  daughter  of  the  late  John  R. 
Dickson,  M.D.,  president  of  the  Boyal  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Kingston, 
Ontario,  and  medical  superintendent  of  the 
Asylum  for  the  Insane  there.  Dr.  Dick- 
son's  name  is  widely  known  in  the  medical 
profession.  He  was  especially  celebrated 
as  a  surgeon,  and  in  the  midst  of  a  very 
extensive  practice  he  found  time  to  keep 
himself  abreast  of  the  scientific  progress  of 
the  age,  and  to  take  an  active  interest  in 
many  matters  of  moral  beneficence  and  re- 
ligion. He  came  from  Ireland  when  quite 
young,  part  of  the  family  remaining  at 
home. 

Siewart,  John,  Superintendent  of  the 
Northern  Division  of  the  New  Brunswick 
Railway,  Woodstock,  New  Brunswick,  was 
born  at  St.  Andrews,  N.B.,  on  the  2nd  Feb- 
ruary, 1845.  His  father,  Duncan  Stewart, 
was  in  early  life  a  col  our- sergeant  in  the  rifle 
brigade,  and  afterwards  became  an  officer 
in  the  Customs  department,  and  served  in 
that  capacity  at  St.  John  and  at  St.  Stephen. 
John  was  educated  at  the  St.  Stephen  and 
Calais  High  schools.  Some  time  after  leav- 
ing school  he  entered  the  Customs  service, 
and  acted  as  weigher  and  gauger  at  St. 
Stephen  in  1864-5,  when  he  was  appointed 
to  the  position  of  conductor  on  the  New 
Brunswick  and  Canada  Railway,  and  acted 
as  such  until  1874,  when  he  was  promoted  to 
a  superintendency.  In  1882,  after  the  con- 
solidation of  the  line  with  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Railway  Company,  he  was  appointed 
to  and  filled  the  office  of  general  superin- 
tendent until  1885,  and  then  was  made 


superintendent  of  the  Northern  di vision  r 
which  office  he  now  fills.  Having  a  taste 
for  military  affairs,  he  joined  the  volunteers 
when  a  mere  youth,  and  held  the  rank  of 
captain  in  the  St.  Stephen  Infantry  School, 
and  saw  a  good  deal  of  active  service  dur- 
ing the  Fenian  invasion  of  our  frontiers.  In 
1872  he  was  made  a  Freemason,  and  has 
ever  since  taken  an  interest  in  the  order. 
Mr.  Stewart  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyter- 
ian denomination.  In  1874  he  was  married 
to  Susan  A.  Haddock,  daughter  of  J.  Had- 
dock, of  St.  Andrews,  and  has  a  family  con- 
sisting of  three  children. 

Workman,  .lotcpli,  M.D.,  Toronto, 
was  born  in  Ballymacash,  near  the  town  of 
Lisburn,  Ireland,  on  the  26th  May,  1805. 
He  is  descended  from  an  illustrious  ances- 
try, the  first  of  whom  is  noticed  by  Neale 
in  his  history  of  the  Puritans,  namely,  the 
Rev.  William  Workman,  who  was  lecturer 
at  St.  Stephen's  Church,  in  Gloucester,  Eng- 
land, from  1618  to  1633,  and  whom  the 
historian  describes  as  a  man  of  great  piety, 
wisdom  and  moderation.  About  that  time 
Archbishop  Laud  had  assumed  power,  and 
was  addressing  himself  with  great  energy 
to  stemming  the  tide  of  reformation  which 
had  set  in.  The  images  and  pictures  were 
restored  to  the  churches,  and  the  clergy  had 
begun  to  array  themselves  in  gorgeous 
vestments,  such  as  those  used  by  the  clergy 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Workman  could  not  brook  this  state  of 
things ;  and  in  one  of  his  sermons  stigma- 
tized pictures  and  statues  of  the  founders  of 
Christianity,  the  fathers,  and  other  eminent 
persons,  as  unfit  ornaments  for  churches, 
and  declared  that  to  set  up  images  of  Christ 
or  of  the  saints  in  the  private  houses  was 
according  to  the  Homily  unlawful  and  tend- 
ed to  idolatry.  This  sermon  having  been 
reported  to  Laud,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Workman 
was  brought  before  the  Court  of  High  Com- 
mission, and  after  a  short  trial  was  convict, 
ed  of  heresy,  deposed  and  excommunicated. 
He  now  opened  a  school  in  order  to  support 
his  family,  but  as  an  excommunicated  per- 
son he  was  inhibited  from  teaching  youth. 
He  then  commenced  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine, in  which  he  had  some  skill,  but  the 
archbishop  forbade,  and  the  result  was  that 
not  knowing  where  to  turn  to  support  his 
family,  he  fell  into  a  settled  melancholy 
and  died.  These  circumstances  eventually 
made  a  deep  impression  on  his  children; 
and  they  eagerly  joined  the  parliamentary 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


205 


army,  in  which  William  Workman,  from 
whom  the  Canadian  Workmans  spring,  held 
a  commission,  and  was  one  of  those  who 
met  the  charge  of  Prince  Bupert  on  the 
field  of  Naseby.  This  William  served  un- 
til 1648,  when  he  went  over  to  Ireland  with 
Oliver  Cromwell;  and  on  the  close  of  the 
Irish  campaign  he  retired  from  military  life, 
receiving  as  a  reward  for  his  services  a  grant 
of  the  two  town  lands  of  Merlacoo,  and  two 
sizeacks  in  the  county  of  Armagh.  Of  these 
lands  the  old  soldier  held  possession  for 
only  a  short  time.  He  was  in  the  midst  of 
a  hostile  population,  different  in  race  and 
religion,  with  bitter  memories  of  defeat,  and 
a  passionate  hunger  for  vengeance,  born  of 
what  they  considered  great  wrongs.  Dur- 
ing Tyrconnel's  administration  he  removed 
to  county  Down,  near  Donaghadee,  whence 
he  was  obliged  to  flee  and  shelter  his  old 
age  behind  the  walls  of  Derry,  soon  to  be 
invested  by  King  James'  army.  He  must 
have  succumbed  to  the  appalling  privations 
of  the  siege,  as  his  name  does  not  appear 
in  the  history  of  an  event  which  is  so  famil- 
iar in  all  its  details.  When  at  last  the  be- 
sieging army,  a  long  column  of  pikes  and 
standards,  was  seen  retreating  up  the  left 
"bank  of  the  Foyle,  William  Workman's  two 
eons  and  their  wives  emerged  from  the  war- 
scarred  walls  of  Derry  and  settled  in  the 
county  of  Antrim.  One  of  the  brothers 
settled  at  Brookend  Mills,  near  Coagh, 
whence  he  removed  to  Monymore,  to  take 
charge  of  the  mill  there,  and  for  more  than  a 
century  this  mill  remained  in  charge  of  suc- 
cessive generations  of  Workmans.  Joseph 
Workman,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  was  the  last  of  the  family  who  re- 
sided at  the  Monymore  mill.  This  gentle- 
man having  made  a  visit  of  three  years  to 
the  United  States,  returned  to  Ireland  and 
took  up  his  abode  at  Ballyniacash,  near  the 
town  of  Lisburn,  where  his  family,  nine  in 
number,  were  born,  all  of  whom  ultimately 
came  to  Canada,  and  have  left  their  mark  on 
its  history.  As  will  be  seen  from  the  above, 
the  father  of  Joseph  Workman  was  of  Eng- 
lish descent,  but  his  mother,  Catharine  Gon- 
dy,  was  descended  from  a  Scottish  family. 
Joseph  received  his  English  education  from 
a  Mr.  Shields,  and  he  was  taught  classics 
by  J.  Nealy,  in  Lisburn,  Ulster,  and  studied 
medicine  in  McGill  College,  Montreal,  in 
1836  he  came  to  Toronto,  where  he  suc- 
cessfully practised  his  profession  until  July, 
1853,  when  he  was  appointed  by  the  gov- 


ernment as  medical  superintendent  of  the 
Asylum  for  the  Insane  at  Toronto.  This 
position  he  filled  with  entire  satisfaction 
until  July,  1875,  when  he  asked  to  be  re- 
lieved of  the  responsibility.  And  here  we 
may  say,  Dr.  Workman  deserves  well  of  his 
adopted  country,  for  no  one  could  possibly 
have  done  more  to  bring  the  institution 
over  which  he  presided  for  so  many  years 
to  a  comparative  state  of  perfection,  and 
to  make  the  unfortunates  under  his  care 
more  comfortable  and  happy.  Dr.  Work- 
man is  of  a  literary  turn  of  mind,  and  has 
contributed  largely  to '  various  journals  in 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  He  is  an 
associate  member  of  several  scientific  socie- 
ties in  Britain,  Italy,  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners 
appointed  by  the  government  to  enquire 
into  the  affairs  of  King's  College  and  Upper 
Canada  College  in  1848-50.  In  religion  the 
doctor  may  be  styled  a  progressive  liberal, 
and  is  willing  that  all  should  search  out  the 
truth  for  themselves.  He  has  generously 
supported  the  Unitarian  Church  in  Toronto 
from  its  infancy.  In  consequence  of  close 
devotion  to  duty  he  has  not  been  able  to 
travel  much,  yet  he  is  very  familiar  with  all 
parts  of  Canada.  On  the  30th  May,  1835, 
he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Wassridge,  a 
native  of  Sheffield,  England.  This  estima- 
ble lady  died  16th  May,  1885.  The  fruit 
of  this  union  has  been  six  children,  of 
whom  three  sons  and  two  daughters  now 
survive. 

Campbell,  George  W.,  A.M.,  M.D., 
LL.D. — The  late  Dr.  Campbell  was  born  in 
Roseneath,  Dumbartonshire,  Scotland,  in 
1810.  He  entered  early  on  his  medical 
studies,  which  he  pursued  in  the  Universi- 
ties of  Glasgow  and  Dublin.  After  gradu- 
ating with  distinction  he  came  to  Canada  in 
May,  1833,  and  settled  in  Montreal.  His 
marked  ability  soon  placed  him  in  the  front 
ranks  of  his  profession,  and  gave  him  a 
large  share  of  city  practice.  The  success 
following  him  naturally  led  to  his  being 
very  frequently  called  in  consultation  by 
his  confreres,  and  for  many  years  before 
his  death  very  few  cases  of  any  importance 
were  treated  in  Montreal  without  the  ad- 
vice of  Dr.  Campbell  having  been  obtained. 
His  sound  knowledge  of  pathology,  and 
naturally  clear  insight  into  the  varying 
shades  of  distinction  between  clinical  con- 
ditions apt  to  resemble  each  other,  made 
him  an  expert  in  diagnosis.  Surgery  was 


206 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


always  his  forte,  and  his  great  reputation 
chiefly  made  by  many  successful  achieve- 
ments in  operative  work.  In  1835  Dr. 
Campbell  was  appointed  to  the  chair  of 
surgery  in  McGill  University,  which  posi- 
tion he  continued  to  hold  with  credit  to 
himself  and  great  advantage  to  the  school 
until  1875 — exactly  forty  years — when, 
owing  to  failing  health,  he  resigned.  He 
was  made  dean  of  the  faculty  in  1860,  tak- 
ing then  the  place  of  the  late  Dr.  Holmes. 
The  duties  of  this  office  he  fulfilled  even 
after  his  resignation  of  the  chair  of  sur- 
gery, and  it  was  only  in  March,  1882,  that 
Prof.  Howard  was  appointed  acting  dean  in 
order  to  relieve  him  of  some  necessary  work 
and  supply  his  place  during  temporary  ab- 
sences. For  nearly  half  a  century  Dr.  Camp- 
bell's name  was  identified  with  the  medical  fa- 
culty of  McGill  University,  and  it  was  largely 
due  to  his  ability  as  a  teacher  of  surgery 
that  this  school  attained  the  high  degree  of 
popularity  which  it  has  so  long  enjoyed. 
As  its  dean,  he  always  possessed  the  fullest 
confidence  of  his  colleagues,  and  under  his 
able  management  its  policy  was  always 
dignified  and  liberal,  whilst  internal  dissen- 
sions were  entirely  unknown.  Dr.  Camp- 
bell did  not  write  much  for  the  medical 
journals.  "  Deeds,  not  words,"  was  his 
motto.  But  his  work  as  a  successful  teach- 
er, and  as  a  member  of  the  corporation  of 
the  university,  led  to  the  appropriate  be- 
stowal of  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
His  style  of  lecturing  was  free  from  all 
oratorical  effort,  but  it  was  clear,  forcible 
and  impressive.  Hundreds  of  practitioners 
throughout  this  continent  and  elsewhere 
owe  the  foundations  of  their  surgical  know- 
ledge to  Dr.  Campbell's  early  teaching. 
As  the  acknowledged  head  of  the  profession 
in  Montreal,  he  was  often  called  upon  to 
entertain  strangers  and  professional  visitors, 
and  most  worthily  did  he  perform  this  duty. 
His  house  always  held  for  such  a  true- 
hearted  Scotch  reception,  for  he  was  a 
warm-hearted  host,  and  his  pleasant,  cheery 
manner,  his  sparkling  reminiscences,  h;s 
stores  of  learning  always  bright,  his  animat- 
ed conversation,  made  an  evening  spent  in 
his  company  always  something  to  be  remem- 
bered. Ha  took  great  pleasure  in  seeing 
his  friends  around  him,  and  all  know  well 
the  kindly  and  generous  hospitality  which 
for  years  has  been  dispensed  from  his  house 
by  himself  and  his  talented  family.  For 
some  years  previous  to  his  death  Dr.  Camp- 


bell suffered  from  bronchitis,  and  was  obli- 
ged to  retire  from  active  practice  and  give 
himself  more  rest.  He  had  also  suffered  from 
slight  attacks  of  pneumonia,  and  when  in 
London,  in  1882,  on  a  visit,  pneumonia  again 
set.  in,  but  being  somewhat  better,  he  went 
to  Edinburgh,  where,  however,  more  seri- 
ous symptoms  showed  themselves,  and  he 
expired  on  the  30th  of  May  of  that  year. 
The  example  of  such  a  man  as  Dr.  Camp- 
bell cannot  fail  to  be  productive  of  great 
good.  An  accomplished  physician  and 
skilful  surgeon,  an  upright,  honourable 
citizen,  a  kind  and  considerate  friend  to  the 
poor,  a  loved  and  honoured  counsellor  of 
the  rich,  zealous  in  business  but  scrupu- 
lously honourable,  a  firm  protector  of  the 
dignity  of  his  profession,  and,  above  all,  a 
thoroughly  consistent  Christian  gentleman. 

Coburii,  George  Hayward,  M.D., 
Physician  and  Surgeon,  Fredericton,  New 
Brunswick,  was  born  at  Sheffield,  Sunbury 
county,  N.B.,  on  the  10th  March,  1855. 
His  parents  were  Moses  Henry  Coburn 
and  Hepzibah  Coburn.  He  received  his 
literary  education  at  the  Sunbury  Grammar 
School,  and  at  the  University  of  New  Brun- 
swick. Having  chosen  medicine  as  a  pro- 
fession, he  spent  some  years  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  United  States,  in 
study,  with  that  end  in  view,  and  graduated 
from  that  institution  with  honours  in  1875. 
On  his  return  to  his  native  province  he  be- 
gan the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  has 
succeeded  in  building  up  a  large  business. 
In  1883  Dr.  Coburn  was  appointed  health 
officer  in  Fredericton,  and  still  retains  the 
position.  In  1885  he  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Health  for  the  same  city; 
and  in  1887  he  was  chosen  chairman  of  the 
board.  During  the  same  year  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  Provincial  Board 
of  Health.  In  religion  he  is  an  adherent 
of  the  Methodist  church;  and  in  politics  is 
a  Liberal.  On  the  19th  June,  1878,  he  was 
married  to  Mary  Gamble,  of  Philadelphia, 
U.S.  Their  family  consists  of  two  children. 

Foster,  Jamc§  Gilbert,  Q.C.,  Barris- 
ter, Halifax,  was  born  on  the  13th  of  June, 
1839,  at  Aylesford,  Kings  county,  Nova 
Scotia.  His  father,  Bufus  Foster,  was  des- 
cended from  a  family  of  the  United  Empire 
loyalists,  who  took  refuge  in  Nova  Scotia  at 
the  time  of  the  American  revolution  ;  and 
his  mother,  Christina  Foster,  was  of  Scotch 
descent,  having  come  when  about  seven 
years  of  age  with  her  parents  from  Scot- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


207 


land,  and  the  family  settled  in  the  same 
province.  James  Foster  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  studied  law  with  the 
Hon.  Alexander  James.  On  the  10th  of 
May,  1864,  Mr.  Foster  was  admitted  an  at- 
torney-at-law  and  barrister,  of  her  Majesty's 
Supreme  Court  of  Judicature;  and  the  20th 
of  May,  1865,  he  became  a  partner  with  Mr. 
James  in  his  legal  business,  and  this  part- 
nership continued  until  Mr.  James  was 
elevated,  in  January,  1877,  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Nova  Scotia,  as  judge  in  Equity, 
when  a  dissolution  took  place.  Mr.  Foster 
then  took  his  brother,  William  R.  Foster, 
into  partnership  with  him,  and  now  the  old 
business  is  carried  on  by  the  new  firm.  On 
the  23rd  February,  1867,  he  was  appointed 
a  notary  public ;  and  on  the  9th  of  October, 
1878,  he  was  made  a  Queen's  counsel  by  the 
Nova  Scotia  government.  In  September, 
1863,  Mr.  Foster  was  appointed  first  lieu- 
tenant of  the  6th  regiment,  Halifax  county 
militia  ;  and  on  the  19th  of  June,  1865,  was 
promoted  to  the  captaincy  of  the  5th  com- 
pany of  the  same  corps.  He  attended  the 
Military  School  of  Instruction  at  Halifax, 
and  passed  an  examination,  taking  a  second- 
class  certificate  for  candidates  for  commis- 
sions in  the  active  militia,  November  12th, 
1869.  In  August,  1883,  he  was  appointed 
major  in  the  reserve  militia,  of  the  Nova 
Scotia  regimental  division  of  the  county  of 
Halifax,  from  No.  7  company  division.  From 
May,  1879  to  May  1882,  he  held  the  office 
of  recorder  and  stipendiary  magistrate  of 
Dartmouth  ;  and  on  the  29th  of  May,  1879, 
was  appointed  justice  of  the  peace  for  the 
county  of  Halifax.  On  the  6th  of  July,  1884, 
he  was  made  a  commissioner  for  arranging 
and  preparing  for  the  press,  and  indexing 
the  fifth  series  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of 
Nova  Scotia;  and  in  August,  1886,  was  ap- 
pointed registrar  of  the  Court  of  Probate  for 
the  county  of  Halifax.  From  June,  1877,  to 
March,  1886,  Mr.  Foster  held  the  position  of 
vice-consul  for  the  Netherlands,  at  Halifax. 
During  the  years  1880  and  1881,  he  nego- 
tiated with  several  railway  syndicates,  for 
the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the  scheme  for 
the  amalgamation  and  completion  of  the 
Nova  Scotia  railways,  proposed  by  the  Local 
government  of  the  time  ;  and  in  1881,  he 
was  authorized  by  Cvrus  W.  Field  and  as- 
sociates, who  were  large  owners  of  the 
Pictou  coal  mines,  to  negotiate  proposals 
for  that  purpose  with  the  Local  government 
and  the  late  Sir  Hugh  Allan,  then  owner  of 


the  Eastern  Extension  Railway  in  Nova 
Scotia — one  of  the  railways  in  question. 
The  government  was,  however,  pledged  to 
what  was  known  as  the  Plunkett  syndicate, 
which,  finally  fell  through,  and  the  govern- 
ment was  defeated  in  the  general  elections 
of  the  following  year,  1882.  The  policy  of 
the  succeeding  government  being  averse  to 
the  scheme  for  railway  amalgamation,  and 
railway  interests  becoming  in  the  meantime 
much  depressed,  Mr.  Field  and  Tiis  friends 
did  not  care  to  renew  their  proposals.  Mr. 
Foster  was  brought  up  and  has  always  been 
a  member  of  the  Church  of  England.  He 
has  represented  the  parish  of  Dartmouth,  as 
a  lay  delegate  in  the  Synod  of  the  Diocese  of 
Nova  Scotia  and  Prince  Edward  Island,  since 
April  13th,  1874;  and  on  the  23rd  of  April, 
1879,  was  made  one  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  Synod.  During  the  years  1877,, 
1883,  and  1886,  he  represented  the  same 
diocese,  as  one  of  its  delegates  in  the  Pro- 
vincial Synod  of  Canada.  Mr.  Foster  is  a 
Liberal  in  politics;  and  at  the  general  elec- 
tion in  1882,  was  a  candidate  for  the  House 
of  Assembly  of  Nova  Scotia,  but  failed  to 
secure  his  election,  having  been  defeated  bv 
a  trifling  majority. 

Barker,  Frederic  Fu§tace,  M.  A., 
D.C.L.,  Q.C.,  M.P.,  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick. F.  E.  Barker  is  a  native  of  Sheffield, 
in  the  county  of  Sunbury.  in  the  province 
of  New  Brunswick,  where  he  was  born  on 
the  27th  December,  1838.  His  father,  the 
late  Enoch  Barker,  has  been  dead  for  some 
years.  The  family  settled  in  Sheffield  at 
the  time  of  the  American  revolution,  having 
before  that  resided  in  Massachusetts.  Mr. 
Barker,  jr.,  was  educated  at  the  Sunbury 
Grammar  School,  principally  under  the 
tuition  of  the  Rev.  George  S.  Milligan, 
M.A.,  now  superintendent  of  Education  in 
Newfoundland.  He  matriculated  at  King'* 
College,  Fredericton  (now  the  University 
of  New  Brunswick),  in  June,  1853,  and 
graduated  as  B.  A.  in  June,  1856.  At  his 
degree  examination  the  examiners  volun- 
tarily recommended  him  for  honours,  which 
the  College  Council  accordingly  granted. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  degree  of  M.A.  in 
June,  1858  ;  B.  C.  L.  in  December,  1861  ; 
and  D.  C.  L.  in  June,  1866.  He  took  all 
these  degrees  in  regular  course  from  the 
University  of  New  Brunswick,  an  institution 
in  which  he  has  always  taken  an  active  in- 
terest. Mr.  Barker  was  principally  instru- 
mental in  the  formation  of  "  The  Associated 


208 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Alumni  of  the  University  of  N.B.,"  was  for 
some  time  president  of  that  body,  and  one 
of  its  representatives  in  the  University 
Senate.  He  is  also  one  of  the  Civil  Law 
Examiners  for  this  University.  In  June, 
1856,  Mr.  Barker  was  entered  as  a  law 
student  with  the  late  Justice  Fisher,  then 
a  practising  barrister  at  Fredericton.  In 
June,  1860,  he  was  admitted  an  attorney  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  and  a  year  later  he  was 
called  to  the  bar  ;  and  in  April,  1873,  he 
was  appointed  a  Q.  C.  by  the  Dominion 
government.  Mr.  Barker  commenced  prac- 
tice at  Grand  Falls,  in  New  Brunswick,  but 
only  remained  there  a  few  months,  when  he 
removed  to  the  city  of  St.  John,  where  he 
has  since  resided  and  practised.  In  1863, 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  the  present 
Justice  Wetmore  (then  one  of  the  leaders 
of  the  N.  B.  bar),  which  continued  until 
that  gentleman  went  on  the  bench  in  1870. 
In  1875,  Mr.  Barker  was  appointed  by 
the  Provincial  government  one  of  the  com- 
missioners for  consolidating  the  Statutes  of 
New  Brunswick.  Mr.  Barker  at  one  time 
took  an  active  interest  in  militia  matters. 
In  May,  1864,  he  was  gazetted  ensign  ;  in 
August  of  the  same  year  lieutenant  ;  in 
February,  1865,  captain,  and  in  July,  1868, 
major  in  the  St.  John  city  Light  Infantry. 
He  has  been  for  many  years  one  of  the 
benchers  and  a  member  of  the  council  of 
the  Barristers'  Society  of  N.  B.,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  council  of  the  St.  John  Law 
Society.  He  is  now  vice-president  of  the 
Barristers'  Society  ;  president  of  the  St. 
John  Bridge  and  Railway  Extension  Com- 
pany, and  one  of  the  directors  of  the  St. 
John  Gas  Company.  Mr.  Barker  has  al- 
ways belonged  to  what  is  now  known  as 
the  Liberal- Conservative  party  in  politics. 
When  the  retirement  of  Sir  Leonard  Tilley, 
in  October,.  1885,  caused  a  vacancy  in  the 
representation  for  the  city  of  St.  John  in 
the  House  of  Commons,  Mr.  Barker  was 
almost  unanimously  elected  as  the  Liberal- 
Conservative  candidate  by  a  large  and  in- 
fluential committee  nominated  to  choose  a 
candidate  ;  and  at  the  election  which  took 
place  on  24th  November,  1885,  he  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Commons  by  a 
majority  of  112,  about  the  same  as  that 
usually  obtained  by  Sir  Leonard,  his  pre- 
decessor. Mr.  Barker  is  a  member  of  the 
Ohurch  of  England.  He  has  at  times  visited 
the  chief  cities  in  Great  Britain,  United 
States  and  Canada.  He  was  married  (first) 


at  St.  John,  in  October,  1865,  to  Elizabeth 
Julia,  daughter  of  the  late  Edward  Lloyd, 
of  the  B.  E.  civil  staff,  who  died  in  January, 
1874  ;  and  (second)  to  Mary  Ann,  daughter 
of  the  late  B.  E.  Black,  of  Halifax,  and  niece 
and  adopted  daughter  of  the  late  Justice 
Wilmot,  who  was  the  first  lieutenant-gover- 
nor of  New  Brunswick  after  confederation. 
By  the  first  marriage  Mr.  Barker  has  one 
son  and  two  daughters,  and  by  the  latter 
two  daughters. 

'  Murphy,  Owen,  Quebec,  M.P.P.  for 
Quebec  West,  was  born  at  Stoneham,  in 
the  province  of  Quebec,  on  9th  December, 
1829.  He  is  descended  from  a  long  line  of 
illustrious  ancestors,  as  may  be  seen  on  re- 
ferring to  the  "  Chronicles  of  Leinster." 
This  authority  says;  "  The  O'Murphys,  the 
O'  Murchoes,  or  Murphy,  are  descended  from 
Henry  Feling,  chieftain  of  the  Murroes, 
now  called  Macamores,  in  the  Barony  of 
Ballaghkeen,  in  the  county  of  Wexford. 
They  were  in  possession  of  it  before  the 
English  invasion.  This  Feling  was  son  of 
Cuma-Kinsellagh,  King  of  Leinster,  in  the 
fifth  century.  The  head  of  the  family,  in 
1634,  lived  in  Tubberlimmach.  He  was 
Connell  O'Murchoe,  gentleman,  the  eld- 
est son  of  Dannell  More,  '  The  O'Murchoe,' 
son  of  Art,  son  of  Tiege.  This  Connell 
died  in  1634,  and  was  buried  in  Castle 
Ellis  [the  burial-place  of  Mr.  Murphy's 
family  in  the  county  of  Wexford. — ED.]. 
He  left  five  sons :  Tiege  was  the  eldest,  he 
remained  in  Wexford ;  also  James,  who  pos- 
sessed an  estate  in  Killincoolly,  taken  from 
him  by  Cromwell.  Art  went  to  county 
Louth  in  1641;  his  descendants  remained  in 
the  north.  Another,  named  Laughlin,  lived 
in  Ballyoughna."  The  Murphys  of  Ballain- 
onlart  House,  in  Wexford,  have  been  known 
for  generations  as  one  of  the  most  popular 
families  in  that  district,  and  we  believe  we 
are  correct  in  affirming  that  Owen  Murphy's 
father  was  the  only  member  of  the  family  who 
settled  in  this  country,  which  he  did  in  the 
early  part  of  the  present  century.  Many 
people  still  living  in  the  city  of  Quebec  re- 
member well  the  generous  and  liberal  spirit 
that  at  all  times  actuated  him,  and  this, 
combined  with  his  peculiarly  rich  attain- 
ments and  cultivated  mind,  rendered  him  a 
highly  popular  citizen,  and  when  death 
came,  caused  him  to  be  greatly  regretted. 
None  the  less  eminent  were  his  three  bro- 
thers, all  of  whom  attained  for  themselves 
very  high  ecclesiastical  honors  and  dig- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


209 


nity,  one  of  whom  being  for  many  years 
bishop  of  Ferns,  in  Ireland.  Owen  Murphy 
was  educated  under  Robert  H.  Scott,  of 
Edinburgh,  a  gentleman  of  high  culture, 
with  a  reputation  far  above  ordinary  as  a 
tator.  His  commercial  training  was  receiv- 
ed in  the  offices  of  Boss,  Shuter  &  Co.,  and 
H.  J.  Noad  &  Co.,  two  of  the  most  import- 
ant lumber,  ship-owning,  produce  and  mill- 
ing firms  then  in  the  city  or  province  of 
Quebec.  Mr.  Murphy's  aptitude  and  zeal 
in  his  profession  gained  for  him  the  com- 
mendation of  his  employers,  and  the  result 
was  that  he  soon  became  not  only  a  fa- 
vourite with  them,  but  with  the  public 
generally.  He  was  elected  to  serve  in 
the  city  council,  as  representative  for  St. 
Paul's  ward,  the  most  important  business 
section  of  the  city,  and  for  several  years 
faithfully  served  the  citizens  in  that  capacity. 
In  1874,  as  a  mark  of  the  high  esteem  in 
which  he  was  held,  he  was  chosen  mayor  of 
.the  ancient  capital;  and  as  a  further  mark 
of  esteem  he  was  again,  in  1876,  elected  for 
another  term  of  two  years.  During  the 
period  he  occupied  the  position  of  chief 
magistrate  he  exhibited  such  zeal  for  the 
city's  welfare  that  on  his  retirement  from 
office  he  carried  with  him  the  esteem  and 
best  wishes  of  his  fellow  citizens.  And  here 
we  may  say  that  the  improvements  sug- 
•  gested  by  Lord  Dufferin,  when  he  was  gov- 
ernor-general of  Canada,  and  which  have 
made  Quebec  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
places  for  the  tourist  in  which  to  spend  a 
few  days,  were  suggested  when  Mr.  Murphy 
was  mayor,  and  through  combined  efforts 
they  were  carried  out  to  a  successful  conclu- 
sion. In  August,  1875,  while  Mr.  Murphy 
was  mayor  of  Quebec,  he  paid  a  visit  to 
Britain,  and  of  course  to  the  land  of  his 
forefathers.  The  Wexford  Independent 
thus  kindly  alludes  to  the  event: 

THE  MAYOR  OP  QUEBEC  AT  WEXFORD. — This 
respected  functionary,  accompanied  by  the  may- 
oress of  Quebec,  arrived  here  on  Saturday  last 
from  Dublin.  His  worship  is  staying  at  the  West 
Gate  Hotel,  and  is  a  nephew  of  the  late  Right 
Rev.  Dr.  Murphy,  the  estimable  and  lamented 
bishop  of  the  diocese,  the  truly  apostolic  divine, 
the  scholar,  and  in  every  sense  the  well-bred  Irish 
gentleman.  He  is  also  a  nephew  of  the  ci-devant 
pastor  of  Castlecomer,  in  the  diocese  of  O^s^ry, 
the  late  Very  Reverend  Lawrence  Murphy, 
and  of  the  late  Rev.  Michael  Murphy,  for 
many  years  the  zealous  collaborates  of  Father 
Corrin  in  the  pastoral  charge  of  Wexford.  Al- 
though born  on  a  foreign  soil,  Mr.  Murphy  ardent- 
ly loves  the  land  of  his  ancestors— not  with  wild 
and  misdirected  enthusiasm,  but  like  his  estimable 
„  M 


uncles,  with  judgment,  discretion  and  sincerity  ; 
and  in  saying  that  he  has  inherited  many  of  their 
di  tinguished  characteristics,  we  pay  him  the 
lighest  compliment  in  our  power  to  bestow.  At 
;he  great  international  banquet  given  by  the  cor- 
poration of  London  (England)  lately  to  the  great 
municipal  chiefs  of  the  whole  civilized  world,  the 
mayor  of  Quebec  was  chosen  to  return  thanks, 
not  ouly  for  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  but  for  the 
municipalities  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
other  rising  nations  of  the  western  world. 

Mr.  Murphy  is  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  the 
city  and  district  of  Quebec;  a  director  of 
the  Quebec  Central  Railroad ;  has  been  pre- 
sident of  the  St.  Patrick's  Society;  presi- 
dent of  St.  Patrick's  Literary  Society;  for 
four  years  president  of  the  Quebec  Turf 
Club,  and  was  one  of  the  committee  of  man- 
agement of  St.  Patrick's  Church,  prior  to 
the  change  being  made  in  the  temporal  ad- 
ministration of  that  church.  In  1880  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  Quebec  Board 
of  Trade,  and  the  following  year  was  again 
unanimously  elected  for  another  term.  At 
the  general  election  held  in  1866  he  was 
elected  to  represent  Quebec  West  in  the 
local  legislature.  In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal, 
but  is  in  favour  of  the  national  policy.  In 
religion  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Boman 
Catholic  church.  He  was  married  in  1857 
to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  the  late  James 
Loughry. 

Smith,  Rev.  H.  Percy  W.,  Bector 
of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Dunnville,  Ontario, 
was  born  at  Islington,  London,  England,  on 
the  13th  September,  1837.  His  parents, 
William  and  Mary  Smith,  are  both  alive, 
and  residing  in  Canada.  Bev.  Mr.  Smith 
received  his  early  education  at  private 
schools  in  his  birthplace,  and  when  thirteen 
years  of  age  entered  a  wholesale  drapery 
establishment,  where  he  continued  for  about 
seven  years.  This  business  not  being  en- 
tirely in  accordance  with  his  taste,  he  aban- 
doned it,  and  entered  St.  Augustin's  College, 
Canterbury,  to  study  for  the  -ministry.  In 
February,  1864,  he  bade  farewell  to  Eng- 
land, and  set  sail  on  the  Bohemian  steam- 
ship for  Canada.  When  eighteen  days  out 
the  Bohemian  struck  the  rocks  near  Port- 
land, and  became  a  total  wreck,  and  through 
this  mishap  he  unfortunately  lost  his  library 
and  outfit.  Shortly  after  reaching  Canada, 
in  1864,  he  was  ordained  deacon  by  the 
Bishop  of  Ontario,  and  two  years  afterwards, 
priest  by  the  Bishop  of  Montreal.  For  the 
past  ten  years  he  has  been  rector  of  St. 
Paul's  Church,  at  Dunnville,  and  is  very 
much  respected  by  his  parishioners.  He 


210 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


was  married  in  1866  to  Lizzie,  tliird  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Colonel  Edwards,  of  March, 
Ontario. 
Maekay,     Alexander      Howard, 

B.A.,  B.Sc.,  F.S.Sc.  (Lond.),  Pictou,  Nova 
Scotia.  Alexander  Mackay,  the  paternal 
grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
and  the  progenitor  of  a  numerous  family, 
many  of  whom  are  favourably  known  in  Can- 
ada as  members  of  the  learned  professions, 
was  born  in  Sutherlandshire,  Scotland,  in 
1762.  He  emigrated  to  Mount  Dalhousie, 
in  the  county  of  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  in 

1822,  took  up  several  hundred  acres  of  land 
for  farming,  and  hi  1847   died,  loved  and 
revered  by  a  large  community  who  looked 
up  to  him  as  a  patriarchal  chief.    His  second 
son,  John  Mackay,  was  born  in  Sutherland- 
shire,  in  1810,  and  emigrated  with  his  father 
and  the  rest  of  the  family  in  1822.  In  1836 
he  travelled  through  a  portion  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  and  Ontario,  in  Canada, 
where  he  took  up  some  land  ;  but  finally 
settled  down  on  the  old  homestead.  In  1847 
he  married  Barbara  Maclean,  who  was  born 
at  Koger's  Hill,  in  the  county  of  Pictou,  in 

1823.  Her  father,  John  Maclean,  was  born 
in  the  west  of   Scotland,  about  1758,  and 
died  at  Eoger's  Hill  in  1848.     From  this 
marriage  came  a  family  of  seven  boys  and 
three  girls.     The  eldest,  Alexander  Howard 
Mackay,  was  born  on  the  19th  May,  1848. 
His  father  was  a  man  of  remarkable  probity 
of  character,  of  very  superior  intellectual 
powers,  and  enthusiastically  patriotic.     In 
addition  to  the  farm,  a  mechanic's  shop, with 
a  turner's   and   cabinetmaker's   tools   and 
machinery,  supplied  the  ways  and  means. 
There  was  no  luxury,  however.    Hard  man- 
ual work,  alternated  with  study,  was  used 
in  developing  the  various  and  versatile  pow- 
ers of  the  whole  man.  The  play  of  mechan- 
ical ingenuity,  original  constructive  effort, 
and  acute  investigation,  filled  the  hours  of 
recreation.     This  family    discipline  was   a 
perfect  success.    The  father,  John  Mackay, 
died  February  22nd,  1879.     The  mother  is 
living  in  good  health  at  the  date  of  writing, 
August,  1887.  Young  Alexander  could  read 
and  write  before   he   went  to   the    public 
school,  which  was  two  miles  distant.     The 
farm  and  the  school  divided  his  time;  but 
the  leisure  hour  found  him  constructing  a 
sextant,  theodolite,  or   transit  instrument, 
which  he  never  previously  saw,   and  with 
which  he  made  remarkably  accurate  meas- 
urements ;    or  making  some  apparatus  to 


demonstrate  a  law  in  physics  or  chemistry ; 
or  exploring  the  natural 'history  of  the  pic- 
turesque glen  running  through  the  home- 
stead. In  1865  the  trustees  of  the  school 
section  pressed  him  to  take  charge  of  their 
school.  Although  he  had  no  license,  never 
having  thought  of  becoming  a  teacher,  he 
accepted  the  position.  In  1866  he  graduated 
at  the  head  of  Lis  class  from  the  Provincial 
Normal  School  at  Truro.  In  1867  he  at- 
tended the  Pictou  Academy,  and  at  the 
provincial  examination  of  teachers  following,, 
won  the  first  place.  In  the  fall  of  1869  he 
matriculated  in  Dalhousie  College,  and  for 
four  years  was  a  leading  prizeman  in  his 
classes.  He  graduated  aB.A.  in  April,1873r 
with  special  honours  in  mathematics  and 
physics.  He  was  also  the  valedictorian  of 
his  class,  and  was  for  the  last  three  years 
of  his  undergraduate  course  an  editor  of 
the  college  paper,  The  Dalhousie  Gazette. 
He  also  took  classes  in  the  School  of  Sci- 
ence in  the  Provincial  Museum,  under  the 
provincial  geologist,  Dr.  Honeyman;  and 
in  the  Medical  College,  then  affiliated  with 
Dalhousie.  After  graduation  he  was  ap- 
pointed principal  of  the  County  Academy 
at  Annapolis  Royal,  and  a  few  months  later 
received  the  unsolicited  appointment  to  the 
principalship  of  the  Pictou  Academy  and 
public  schools  of  Pictou,  which  position  he 
holds  at  present.  He  assumed  charge  of 
the  Pictou  Academy,  November  1st,  1873r 
since  which  time  the  staff  and  attendance 
of  the  institution  have  been  more  than  dou- 
bled. In  1874  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Education  Convention  of  Nova  Scotiar 
a  position  to  which  he  was  re-elected.  From 
this  time  he  has  taken  a  very  active  and 
forward  part  in  promoting  educational  re- 
form through  the  press  and  otherwise.  In 
1876  he  spent  a  portion  of  the  year  in  study- 
ing the  educational  appliances  in  the  lead- 
ing cities  of  the  eastern  United  States.  His 
efforts  culminated  in  1881,  in  the  erection 
of  the  present  Pictou  Academy,  one  of  the 
finest  and  best  equipped  academic  buildings 
in  Canada.  Its  facilities  for  scientific  teach- 
ing are  greater  than  are  those  of  many 
colleges.  In  1880  he  graduated  a  B.Sc. 
from  the  University  of  Halifax,  with  first 
class  honours  in  biology.  In  addition  to 
his  educational  work,  he  has  also  found  time 
to  engage  in  original  scientific  investigation. 
His  papers  or  work  may  be  found  in  the 
"  Proceedings"  of  several  scientific  societies. 
His  popular  scientific  writings  have  been 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


211 


numerous  and  widely  diffused.  In  1884  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  committee  of  the 
Biological  section  of  the  British  Association 
meeting  in  Montreal.  In  1886  he  was  elect- 
ed a  fellow  of  the  Society  of  Science,  Let- 
ters and  Art,  London.  And  the  same  year 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Alumni  of 
Dalhousie  College  and  University ;  and  also, 
president  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Summer  School 
of  Science.  He  knows  no  rest,  for  at  the 
same  time  he  is  a  member  of  a  multitude  of 
local  societies,  and  in  every  sense  an  active 
citizen.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Kirk  Session 
of  St.  Andrew's  Presbyterian  Church  in  Pic- 
tou;  but  also  contributes  to  other  denomin- 
ations. He  believes  in  a  catholic  union  of 
all  Christian  effort,  and  a  scientific  expansion 
of  religious  philosophy.  In  local  politics 
he  independently  supports  educational  re- 
form. In  Dominion  politics  he  avows  a  pre- 
ference for  the  policy  of  the  Liberal-Conser- 
vative party.  He  is  a  Britisher,  first,  against 
the  whole  world;  and  a  Canadian  all  the 
time,  and  will  fight.  He  has  just  started  the 
"  Educational  Review  "  (of  which  he  is  Nova 
Scotian  editor),  in  company  with  G.  U.  Hay, 
Ph.B.,  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  and 
Principal  Anderson,  of  the  Prince  of  Wales 
College,  Prince  Edward  Island.  In  1882  he 
married  Maude  Augusta  Johnstone,  only 
daughter  of  Dr.  George  Moir  Johnstone, 
M.R.C.S.,  London,  and  his  wife,  nee  Sarah 
Mortimer  Smith,  of  Pictou  town. 

Archibald,  Abram  JVewcomb, 
was  born  in  Stewiacke,  Nova  Scotia,  June 
2nd,  1849,  and  died  in  Halifax,  November 
27,  1883.  He  was  the  seventh  son  of  Daniel 
Archibald,  J.P.,  and  Rebecca  Newcombe, 
his  wife,  both  of  whom  are  still  living  (De- 
cember, 1886).  Daniel  Archibald  is  a  great 
grandson  of  Samuel  Archibald,  the  second 
of  four  brothers  from  Londonderry,  Ireland, 
who  settled  in  Colchester  county,  in  1762. 
This  family  has  produced  many  distinguish- 
ed men,  including  among  others  the  late 
S.  G.  W.  Archibald,  Master  of  the  Rolls,  and 
his  two  sons,  Sir  Thomas  D.  and  Sir  Ed- 
ward M.  Archibald,  Sir  Adams  G.  Archibald 
and  Senator  T.  D.  Archibald.  Mr.  Archibald 
attended  the  schools  of  his  native  place  in 
his  boyhood,  and  subsequently  pursued  his 
classical  studies  for  a  couple  of  years  under 
the  tuition  of  his  brother,  the  Rev.  E.  N. 
Archibald,  M.A.  In  1867  he  took  charge 
of  the  public  school  at  Musquodoboit,  Hali- 
fax county  ;  in  May,  1876,  he  was  appoint- 
ed principal  of  Richmond  School,  Halifax 


city;  and  in  November,  1879,  principal  of 
Albro  School.     He  resigned  this  latter  po- 
sition in  July,  1881,  on  his  appointment  to 
the  office  of  secretary  and  superintendent 
of    colportage   for   the    British   American 
Book  and  Tract  Society,  with  headquarters 
in  Halifax.     In  the  discharge  of   his  new 
duties,  Mr.  Archibald  visited  all  the  centres 
of  population  in  the  lower  provinces  and 
addressed  public  meetings.     Early  in  1883 
he  proceeded  to  Britain,  on  business  con- 
nected with  the  society,  and  to  present  its 
claims  to  the  British  public,  being  accom- 
panied on  this  tour  by  his  wife  and  son. 
Mr.  Archibald  was  invited  to  speak  in  many 
of  the  principal  churches  in  Edinburgh  and 
Glasgow,  as  well  as  before  the  United  Pres- 
byterian Synod  and  the  Free  Church  As- 
sembly, which  met  in  Edinburgh  in  May. 
He  was  also  present  by  invitation  and  spoke 
at  the  annual  missionary  breakfast  of  the 
Religious  Tract  Society,  held  in  the  Cannon 
Street  Hotel,  London.     The  interest  awak- 
ened by  Mr.  Archibald's  addresses  was  very 
gratifying,  and   resulted  in   his  obtaining 
liberal  subscriptions  to  the  funds  of  the  so- 
ciety.    On  his  return  to  Halifax  in  the  au- 
tumn, Mr.  Archibald  was  able  to  present  a 
most  satisfactory  report  of  his  mission,  and 
received  the  warmest  thanks  of  the  commit- 
tee.     Shortly  after  resuming  his  work  in 
Nova  Scotia,  he  was  seized  with  typhoid 
fever,  and  although  a  very  strong  man,  he 
finally  succumbed  to  the  attack.  Many  pub- 
lic bodies,  as  well  as  private  individuals  on 
both  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  gave  formal  ex- 
pression to  their  deep  sense  of  the  loss  sus- 
tained in  his  death.     Mr.  Archibald  was  a 
ready  and  persuasive  speaker  and  a  good 
writer.     Many  of   his  essays  and  addresses 
have  been  published.  He  always  took  a  lead- 
ing part  in  educational,  temperance,  Sab- 
bath-school and  all  religious  work.  As  presi- 
dent of  the  Halifax  Sunday-school  Union, 
he  occupied  the  chair  at  the  great  centen- 
ary meeting  held  in  Halifax,  July  3rd,1880; 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  of  Halifax.  Mr. 
Archibald   married,  December  14th,  1874, 
Mary  Mellish,  third  daughter  of  James  L. 
Mellish,  of  Pownal,  P.E.I.     They  had  one 
son,  Raymond   Clare,    born   October  8th, 
1875.      Mrs.    Archibald  was  re-appointed 
chief  preceptress  of  Mount  Allison  Ladies' 
College,  Sackville,   N.B.,  in   1885,  having 
held  that  position  previous  to  her  marriage. 


212 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


<  lira  ill.  Rev.  R.  W.,  Pastor  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  Orillia.  was  born  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Peterborough,  On- 
tario. His  father,  Alexander  Grant,  was  a 
native  of  Sutherlandshire,  Scotland.  He 
came  to  Canada  in  1832,  and  began  his  Ca- 
nadian life  in  what  was  then  called  the  New- 
castle district,  where  he  taught  school  for 
about  nine  years.  In  1840  he  moved  to  that 
part  of  Western  Ontario  known  in  those 
days  as  the  Huron  Tract,  and  settled  in  the 
township  of  North  Easthope,  now  one  of 
the  wealthiest  townships  in  the  county  of 
Perth.  Alexander  Grant  was  a  man  of 
much  more  than  average  ability  and  attain- 
ments. His  services  were  soon  sought  by 
the  settlers  around  him,  and  he  was  elected 
to  the  positions  of  township  clerk  and  trea- 
surer for  several  years.  He  afterwards  re- 
presented his  township  in  the  county  coun- 
cil for  twelve  successive  years,  and  finished 
his  long  municipal  career  in  the  warden's 
chair  in  1859.  He  was  frequently  urged  to 
stand  as  a  candidate  for  parliamentary- 
honours,  and  it  was  believed  by  his  friends 
that  he  could  easily  have  carried  his  county 
in  the  Liberal  interest  at  the  general  elec- 
tion of  1854  had  he  entered  upon  the  con- 
test. Like  many  of  his  countrymen,  Alex- 
ander Grant  had  a  fair  share  of  the  military 
spirit.  He  was  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
enthusiastig  captains  of  his  battalion,  and 
was  the  first  to  offer  his  services  during  the 
Trent  difficulty.  Though  a  decided  economist 
in  ordinary  matters  of  public  expenditure, 
he  was  always  in  favour  of  giving  liberally 
for  the  defence  of  the  country.  He  had 
several  relatives  and  connections  in  the 
Highland  regiments  that  took  part  in  the 
Crimean  war,  and  his  enthusiasm  knew  no 
bounds  when  news  came  that  the  kilted 
soldiers  had  carried  the  old  flag  to  victory. 
He  died  in  January,  1863,  and  his  remains 
were  followed  to  their  last  resting  place  by 
large  numbers  of  sorrowing  friends,  among 
whom  were  representative  men  from  all 
parts  of  the  surrounding  country.  Mrs. 
Alexander  Grant,  mother  of  the  subject  of 
the  present  sketch,  was  born  in  Wick,  Caith- 
ness-shire, Scotland.  She  was,  though  for 
many  years  an  invalid,  a  woman  of  strong 
character  and  high  ambition,  and  nothing 
gratified  her  so  much  as  to  see  her  family 
rise  to  positions  of  honour  and  usefulness. 
Their  other  children  were  Alexander  Grant, 
barrister,  late  mayor  of  Stratford,  who  died 
about  two  years  ago— Mrs.  Hislop,  wife  of 
the  late  Rev.  J.  K.  Hislop,  and  Miss  Grant. 
Both  daughters  are  at  present  residents  of 
the  young  city  of  Stratford.  Having  receiv- 


ed such  an  education  as  the  common  schools 
of  those  days  could  afford,  Robert  was  sent 
to  the  Grammar  School  of  the  county — an 
institution  which  was  then  in  its  infancy, 
but  which  has  now  become  one  of  the  lead- 
ing collegiate  institutes  of  the  province. 
The  scholars  met  in  a  small  room  in  the 
north-eastern  angle  of  the  court  house. 
Some  of  the  boys  who  met  in  that  room  have 
since  made  a  fairly  good  mark  in  Canada. 
Among  others  might  be  mentioned  James 
P.  Woods,  the  present  county  judge  of 
Perth,  and  James  Fisher,  the  well  known 
barrister  of  Winnipeg.  The  school  was  then 
and  for  many  years  afterwards  taught  by  C. 
J.  McGregor,  M.  A.,  the  first  mayor  of  the 
young  city  of  Stratford.  Following  the  usual 
line  of  aspiring  young  men  in  those  early 
days,  young  Grant  left  school  when  he  got 
a  first-class  certificate,  and  went  into  the 
teaching  profession  to  earn  some  money, 
his  intention  being  to  study  law.  One  of 
the  trustees  of  the  school  he  taught  was 
James  Trow,  M.  P. ,  the  present  popular 
member  for  South  Perth,  and  one  of  the 
whips  of  the  Liberal  party  in  the  House  of 
Commons.  Having  taught  for  a  year,  he 
entered  the  Georgetown  Collegiate  Institute, 
in  1858,  and  continued  his  studies  chiefly 
under  the  Rev.  Malcolm  Macvicar,the  pre- 
sent principal  of  Me  Master  Hall,  Toronto. 
In  the  following  year  he  taught  for  a  few 
months  in  the  village  of  Millbank,  in  his 
old  county,  and  began  the  study  of  Greek 
under  the  Rev.  W.  T.  McMullen,  then  pas- 
tor of  the  Presbyterian  congregation  of  Mill- 
bank,  and  for  the  last  twenty-seven  years 
pastor  of  Knox  Church,  Woodstock.  For 
reasons  which  need  not  be  given  here,  Mr. 
Grant  had  abandoned  his  long  cherished 
ambition  to  become  a  lawyer,  and  had  de- 
cided to  enter  the  ministry  of  the  Presby- 
terian church.  Not  the  least  potent  factor 
in  bringing  about  the  change  was  the  earnest 
searching  and  thoroughly  evangelical  preach- 
ing of  the  youthful  Presbyterian  pastor  of 
Millbank  who  was  then  beginning  his  long 
and  honoured  ministry.  In  1859,  Mr. 
Grant  entered  Knox  College,  Toronto,  and 
pursued  his  literary  studies  under  Prof. 
George  Paxton  Young,  then  of  Knox  Col- 
lege, and  in  University  College,  Toronto. 
His  theological  teachers  were  Prof.  Young, 
and  Dra.  Burns  and  Willis,  for  all  of  whom 
he  left  the  college  cherishing  feelings  of  pro- 
found respect.  Graduating  in  April,  1865, 
he  was  soon  afterwards  licensed  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Paris,  In  the  autumn  of  that 
year  he  received  calls  from  the  Presbyterian 
congregations  of  Markham,  Picton,  and  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


213 


united  congregations  of  Waterdown  and 
Wellington  Square.  The  call  from  the  last 
named  congregation  was  accepted,  and  the 
ordination  and  induction  took  place  on  the 
23rd  of  January,  1866.  For  five  years  and 
a  half  Mr.  Grant  laboured  in  this  field 
with  a  good  measure  of  success,  and  did  his 
full  share  of  work  for  his  neighbours,  espe- 
cially in  Hamilton  where  his  services  were 
often  sought  on  the  platform.  He  was  the 
greater  part  of  the  time  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Education  for  the  county  of  Went- 
worth.  Under  his  ministry  two  young  per- 
sons united  with  the  church  whose  names 
are  now  well  known  to  the  Presbyterians  of 
Canada-the  Rev.  W.  A.  Wilson,  M.A., 
one  of  the  missionaries  in  India,  and  Mrs. 
Builder,  wife  of  the^  Rev.  Mr.  Builder, 
another  missionary  in  the  same  distant  field. 
Owing  to  ill  health  caused  partly  by  driving 
between  his  congregations,  Mr.  Grant  decid- 
ed that  he  must  change  his  field  of  labour, 
and  in  July,  1871,  accepted  a  call  from  Knox 
Church,  Ingersoll.  Here  he  laboured  for 
nearly  eleven  years,  identifying  himself  with 
all  the  interests  of  his  town,  and  doing  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  work  in  the  pulpit  and 
on  the  platform  for  his  neighbours.  In  1877 
he  received  a  call  from  St.  Andrew's  Church, 
Chatham,  offering  some  tempting  induce- 
ments, among  others  a  considerable  increase 
in  salary.  The  congregation  of  Knox  Church 
strongly  resisted  the  proposed  translation, 
and  in  addition  to  the  steps  usually  taken 
in  such  matters,  presented  a  petition  to  the 
presbytery,  signed  by  the  whole  congrega- 
tion, asking  that  their  pastor's  services  be 
retained.  Mr.  Grant  declined  the  call, 
but  afterwards  had  some  grave  doubts  as  to 
whether  he  had  taken  the  proper  course.  In 
the  early  part  of  1882,  some  informal  steps 
were  taken  by  a  number  of  persons  to  unite 
the  two  Presbyterian  congregations  of  In- 
gersoll. Mr.  Grant  had  no  confidence  in 
the  movement— a  movement  which  after- 
wards turned  out  a  disastrous  failure — but 
not  wishing  to  oppose  it,  determined  to  re- 
move to  another  field  of  labour.  In  May 
he  received  a  unanimous  and  enthusiastic 
call  from  the  Presbyterian  congregation  of 
Orillia,  which  he  accepted,  and  was  induct- 
ed and  warmly  welcomed  on  the  19th  of 
July.  Previous  to  leaving  Ingersoll,  a  large 
and  influential  farewell  meeting  was  held 
at  which  all  the  religious  denominations  of 
the  town  were  represented.  Mr.  Grant 
was  presented  with  three  hundred  and 
seventy- five  dollars  as  a  farewell  gift,  and 
Mrs.  Grant  with  a  valuable  silver  service. 
In  the  early  part  of  1880,  Mr.  Grant,  be- 


lieving that  his  alma  mater  was  placed  at 
a  disadvantage  on  account  of  not  haying  the 
power  to  confer  degrees  in  divinity,  pre- 
pared an  overture  to  the  general  assembly, 
asking  that  this  power  be  granted  to  Knox 
and  the  Presbyterian  College  of  Montreal. 
H.J  supported  the  overture  in  the  presby- 
tery of  Paris  and  in  the  synod  of  Hamilton 
and  London  by  both  of  which  it  was  adopt- 
ed, and  sent  onto  the  supreme  court.  After 
a  lively  debate  the  prayer  of  the  overture 
was  granted  by  the  Assembly,  and  the  neces- 
sary legislation  by  the  legislatures  of  Ontario 
and  Quebec  at  their  next  session.  On  the 
9th  of  May,  18(56,  Mr.  Grant  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Marianne  McMullen,  third 
daughter  of  the  late  A.  McMullen,  of  Fergus, 
and  sister  of  the  Rev.  W.  T.  McMullen,  of 
Woodstock,  and  James  McMullen,  M.  P. 
for  North  Wellington.  Besides  minister- 
ing to  the  large  and  influential  congrega- 
tion of  which  he  is  pastor,  Mr.  Grant  is  a 
voluminous  contributor  to  the  press.  He 
has  also  written  about  a  dozen  popular  lec- 
tures, some  of  which  have  been  frequently 
delivered. 

Chanveau,  Hon.  Justice  Alexan- 
dra, B.C.L.,  Q.C.,  Justice  of  the  Court  of 
Quarter  Sessions, Quebec,  second  son  of  Hon. 
P.  J .  O.  Chauveau,  Q.  C. ,  D.  C.L. ,  now  sheriff 
of  Montreal,  and  late  prime  minister  of  the 
Province  of  Quebec,  in  1867,  first  provincial 
government,  and  ex-speaker  of  the  Senate, 
was  born  on  the  23rd  day  of  February,  1847. 
Be  was  educated  at  the  Jesuits'  and  Mont- 
real Colleges,  at.  Laval  and  McGill  Univer- 
sities, at  which  latter  he  took  the  degree  of 
B.C.L.  in  1867.  He  studied  law  with  S. 
Lelievre,  Q.C.,  in  Quebec,  and  with  the 
late  Sir  George  Cartier,  in  Montreal ;  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  his  native  pro- 
vince, on  the  4th  of  March,  1868,  and  prac- 
tised in  partnership  with  the  late  Hon. 
Justice  Alleyn  up  to  the  date  of  his  appoint- 
ment to  his  present  position,  viz.,  Justice  of 
the  Court  of  General  Sessions.  Mr.  Chau- 
veau entered  the  political  arena  at  the  early 
age  of  twenty-four,  and  contested  the 
county  of  Rimouski,  in  April,  1872,  against 
Dr.  Fiset,  and  was  elected  by  a  large  ma- 
jority, as  the  ministerial  candidate.  His 
father  was  then  premier  of  the  province. 
During  the  sessions  of  1872-73-74,  Mr. 
Chauveau  gave  an  independent  support  to 
the  Conservative  government,  although 
often  voting  with  the  opposition  during  the 
last  session  of  that  parliament.  He  was 
unanimously  returned  by  the  same  constitu- 
ency at  the  general  election  of  1 875  as  an 
independent  member,  and  continued  dur- 


214 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


ing  the  sessions  of  1875-76-77  to  judge 
political  questions  on  their  merits  when 
brought  before  the  legislature.  He  was 
appointed  solicitor-general  in  the  Joly  ad- 
ministration, in  March,  3878,  after  the  coup 
d'ttat  of  Mr.  Letellier,  and  was  re-elected  as 
such  at  the  general  election  of  the  same 
year.  On  the  19th  of  March,  1879,  he  was 
appointed  provincial  secretary  and  registrar 
for  the  province  of  Quebec,  which  office  he 
held  until  the  12th  of  September  in  the 
same  year,  when,  after  the  adjournment  of 
the  house  for  the  space  of  two  months, 
during  the  dead-lock  caused  by  the  refusal 
of  the  Legislative  Council  to  pass  the  sup 
ply  bill,  Mr.  Chauveau  sent  in  his  resigna- 
tion. The  Joly  government  was  defeated 
on  the  29th  of  October,  1879,  Mr.  Chau- 
veau, with  a  number  of  former  supporters 
of  the  administration,  voting  with  the  ma- 
jority on  a  motion  presented  by  Hon.  Mr. 
Lynch,  favouring  a  coalition  as  the  only  re- 
medy to  settle  the  difficult  position  of  the 
province  brought  about  by  the  fact  that  both 
parties  were  unable  to  obtain  in  the  house 
sufficient  strength  to  form  a  strong  admini- 
stration. On  the  15th  of  January,  1880,  Hon. 
Mr.  Chauveau  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Sessions  for  the  province  of  Quebec,  and 
is  also  a  commissioner  of  the  provincial 
police  force.  Hon.  Mr  Chauveau  was 
twice  elected— 1884-85 — president  of  the 
Societe"  St.  Jean  Baptiste,  the  French-Cana- 
dian national  society  in  Quebec.  He  is 
also  a  commissioner  to  act  judicially  in  ex- 
tradition matters,  under  the  Extradition 
Act  of  Canada.  He  married  on  the  1st  of 
August,  1871,  Adele,  eldest  daughter  of 
Hon.  U.  J.  Tessier,  judge  of  the  Court  of 
Queen's  Bench. 

Keating,  Edward  Henry,  Civil  En- 
gineer, Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  the  fourth  son 
of  William  H.  Keating,  barrister-at-law, 
was  born  at  Halifax,  N.S.,  on  the  7th 
August,  1844.  He  is  a  twin,  his  twin 
brother  dying  in  childhood.  His  father 
when  a  child,  in  company  with  his  parents, 
left  Nottingham,  England,  in  1812,  with 
the  intention  of  settling  in  Pennsylvania, 
North  America,  but  learning  while  on  the 
passage  out  that  war  had  been  declared  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  the  United  States, 
the  family  changed  their  plans,  and  went  to 
Surinam,  in  South  America,  where  shortly 
afterwards  Mr.  Keating,  sen.  (grandfather), 
died.  William  H.  Keating  then  went  to 
England  to  receive  his  education,  and 
having  accomplished  this  object,  recrossed 
the  Atlantic,  and  made  his  home  in  Nova 
Scotia,  where  for  many  years,  he  filled 


the  important  office  of  deputy  provincial 
secretary  of  the  province.  Edward  Henry 
Keating,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  edu- 
cated in  his  native  town,  at  the  Free  Church 
Academy,  under  George  Munroe,  subse- 
quently the  great  New  York  publisher,  and 
afterwards  at  Dalhousie  College  ;  on  leav- 
ing college,  early  in  life,  he  went  into  the 
employ  of  an  architect  and  builder,  with  the 
view  of  following  architecture  as  a  profes- 
sion. For  three  or  four  years  he  was  en- 
gaged in  architectural  pursuits,  and  was 
concerned  in  preparing  the  drawings  and 
specifications  for  several  public  and  private 
buildings  in  Halifax  and  elsewhere  under 
different  architects.  During  this  period  he 
devoted  the  greater  part  of  his  evenings  and 
leisure  to  the  study  of  mathematics  and  in 
improving  himself  in  other  branches.  In 
1863  he  obtained  an  appointment  as  rodman 
on  the  Nova  Scotian  government  railways, 
and  from  that  time  devoted  his  attention 
exclusively  to  engineering  pursuits.  He 
was  engaged  on  the  surveys  and  construction 
of  the  Pictou  Railway,  under  Geo.  Wight- 
man,  C.E.,  and  afterwards  under  Sandford 
Fleming,  C.E. ,  C.M.G  ,  from  the  commence- 
ment to  its  completion,  and  in  consequence 
of  his  studious  and  painstaking  habits,  he 
rapidly  rose  in  the  estimation  of  his  superior 
officers  and  the  government,  and  in  less 
than  three  years  from  the  time  of  his  ap- 
pointment was  called  upon  to  exercise  the 
duties  of  assistant  engineer.  In  the  early 
part  of  1867  he  was  appointed  in  charge  of 
the  draughting  office  on  the  Windsor  and 
Annapolis  Railway  by  the  English  company 
who  were  then  building  the  line,  and  de- 
signed many  of  the  works  and  structures 
on  that  road,  but  finding  the  work  of  too 
sedentary  a  nature,  he  resigned  that  position 
in  less  than  a  year  to  take  part  in  the  sur- 
veys and  construction  of  the  Intercolonial 
Railway,  on  which  he  was  engaged  for  seve- 
ral years  in  laying  out  the  line  in  the  pro- 
vinces of  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia, 
and  in  the  execution  of  the  heaviest  and 
most  difficult  works  on  that  railway  in  the 
province  of  Nova  Scotia.  In  1871  he  left 
the  Intercolonial  Railway  on  the  general 
reduction  of  the  engineering  staff,  and  open- 
ed an  office  in  Halifax  for  the  private  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  but  being  solicited  by 
the  government  to  undertake  the  charge  of 
an  exploration  survey  for  the  then  proposed 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  he  abandoned  his 
practice  and  undertook  that  service.  After 
spending  the  greater  part  of  the  year  1872 
in  this  work,  he  returned  on  a  visit  to  Hali- 
fax to  find  that  the  civic  authorities  during 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


215 


his  absence  hai  elected  him  to  the  office  of 
city  engineer  and  engineer  of  the  water 
works.  Bjlieving  that  the  federation  of 
the  provinces  and  the  completion  of  the  In- 
tercolonial Railway  would  have  the  effect  of 
building  up  his  native  place  and  making 
it  of  the  first  commercial  importance  to 
Canada,  he  decided  to  throw  up  his  connec- 
tion with  the  government  works,  and  accept 
the  position  offered  him.  He  at  once  de- 
voted himself  to  improving  the  public  works 
of  the  city  and  the  various  services  which 
then  came  under  his  control.  Besides  pre- 
paring and  perfecting  a  plan  for  a  general 
scheme  of  sewerage  for  the  town,  he  effect- 
ed large  alterations  and  improvements  in 
the  water  works,  and  was  the  first  engineer 
in  America  to  introduce  and  apply  success- 
fully self-acting  scraping  machines  in  re- 
moving, by  means  of  hydraulic  power,  de- 
posits and  iron  rust  from  the  interior  of 
water  mains  and  pipes.  The  machines  he 
used  for  this  purpose  were  made  under  his 
owa  directions  and  from  his  own  designs, 
w'aich  he  had  patented  both  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada.  Besides  attending  to 
his  official  duties,  Mr.  Keating  has  acted  as 
engineer  to  other  corporations  on  special 
occasions,  and  has  designed  and  constructed 
sewerage  and  water  works  in  some  of  the 
neighbouring  towns  in  his  own  and  the  ad- 
joining province.  Amid  these  labours  he 
continued  to  take  a  deep  and  practical  in- 
terest in  the  great  public  works  of  the  coun- 
try, especially  those  affecting  the  welfare  or 
interests  of  the  Maritime  provinces  and  the 
city  to  which  he  belonged.  In  1885,  at  the 
time  of  the  agitation  over  the  route  for  the 
proposed  so-called  "  Short  Line  Biil way  " 
connecting  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  at 
Montreal  with  the  principal  Atlantic  sea- 
ports of  the  Dominion,  Mr.  Keating,  at  the 
request  of  the  Halifax  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, investigated  and  reported  to  that 
body  upon  the  respective  merits  of  the  dif- 
ferent rival  routes.  He  earnestly  advocated 
the  construction  of  a  railway  bridge  across 
the  river  St.  Lawrence  at  Cap  R  >uge,  near 
Quebec,  and  the  adoption  of  a  line  by  way 
of  that  city  as  by  far  the  best  commercial 
route,  in  the  interests  of  the  M  iritim^  pro- 
vinces, that  had  so  far  been  brought  under 
consideration.  In  this  view  he  received  the 
unanimous  support  of  the  Chamber  as  well 
as  of  the  Board  of  Trade  of  Quebec.  Al- 
though unsuccessful  in  obtaining  the  adop- 
tion of  the  line  he  advocated,  he  offered,  as 
his  contribution  to  the  undertaking,  to 
conduct  the  necessary  connecting  surveys 
through  the  state  of  M  line  free  of  charge, 


in  order  to  prove  the  correctness  of  his  as- 
sertions, and  his  able  reports  and  arguments 
on  the  whole  question  have  not  yet  been 
successfully  met  or  answered.  It  might  also 
be  mentioned  that  the  city  of  Quebec  offer- 
ed to  grant  a  sum  of  money  towards  com- 
pleting the  surveys  on  the  route  advocated, 
but,  for  reasons  which  it  would  be  impolitic 
to  enter  upon  here,  the  project  fell  through, 
and  a  more  southerly  route  was  selected,  al- 
though protested  against  by  the  commercial 
community  both  in  Halifax  and  Quebec. 
Mf.  Keating  was  also  prominently  concern- 
ed in  securing  a  graving  dock  for  the  port 
of  Hdlifax,  strongly  advocating  native  gran- 
ite as  "the  best  material  for  its  construc- 
tion. He  visited,  inspected,  and  reported 
upon  all  the  graving  docks  along  the  Atlan- 
tic coast  of  America,  including  the  docks 
at  Quebec  and  Sc.  Johns,  Newfoundland. 
Recently  he  has  been  offered  by  the  Hali- 
fax Graving  Dock  Company,  Limited  (of 
London),  the  position  of  resident  engineer 
for  the  new  dock  and  coaling  station  now 
under  construction  at  Halifax.  This  office 
he  has  accepted  and  holds  in  combina- 
tion with  his  civic  offices.  In  1875  he  pro- 
cured leave  of  absence  from  his  civic  duties, 
and  went  on  a  professional  tour  through 
England,  France,  and  Italy,  visiting  and  in- 
specting many  of  the  principal  engineering 
works  in  those  countries.  He  has  been  for 
many  years  connected  with  several  scientific 
societies,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Institution 
of  Civil  Engineers  of  London  ;  a  member  of 
the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers, 
New  York  ;  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Wo,ter  Works  Association  of  Cincinnati,  to 
each  of  which  bodies  he  has  contributed 

Professional  papers  for  study  and  discussion, 
n  1869  Mr.  Keating  married  Mary  Little, 
eldest   daughter    of   James  Fleming  B.an- 
chard,  of  Truro,  N.  5. 

McRitcliie,  RCT.  George,  Minister 
of  the  Methodist  Cnurch,  Fresco tt,  Ontario, 
was  born  in  Dundee,  Scotland,  in  1827.  His 
parents,  James  McRitchie  and  Elizabeth 
Miller,  with  their  family  of  three  children, 
came  to  Canada  in  1844.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
McRitchie  received  his  primary  education 
in  Mr.  Gilbert's  academy  in  Dundee  ;  and 
after  coming  to  this  country  entered  Vic- 
toria College,  Cobourg,  where  he  studied 
literature  and  theology,  and  laid  a  founda- 
tion for  future  usefulness.  He  received 
his  early  religious  training  in  connection 
with  the  Presbyterian  church,  until  he 
reached  his  sixteenth  year,  when  he  began 
to  change  his  theological  views,  and  in 
September,  1847,  j  >ined  the  Methodist  de- 


216 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


nomination,  shortly  after  coming  to  this 
country.  In  1850  he  entered  the  ministry 
of  the  Methodist  church  as  a  probationer, 
and  was  ordained  in  Belleville,  in  1854,  since 
which  time  he  has  worked  hard  in  the  Lord's 
vineyard.  He  has  been  chairman  of  the 
Kingston,  Brantford,  Brockville  and  Perth 
districts  successively  ;  and  is  now  superin- 
tendent of  Prescott  circuit  and  chairman  of 
the  Brockville  district.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Mc- 
Ritchie  was  a  member  of  the  committees 
on  union  in  the  years  1874  and  1883  ;  in 
1879  he  was  president  of  the  Montreal  Con- 
ference ;  and  he  has  been  a  delegate  to  each 
general  conference  since  he  entered  the 
ministry.  In  1856  he  was  married  to*Elizi 
Eakins,  of  Newburg  ;  she  died  in  Brock- 
ville in  1876.  He  was  again  married  in  1877, 
to  Jamesena  Dunlap,  widow  of  the  la:e  C. 
D.  French,  of  Pembroke,  Ontario. 

iji rave-ley,  U  cut, -Co  Bond  John 
Vance,  Fortieth  Regiment  of  Canadian 
Militia,  Cobourg,  is  a  Canadian  by  birth, 
having  been  born  at  Cobourg,  on  the  17th 
December,  1840.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of 
William  and  Margaret  Christiana  Graveley. 
The  former  was  born  at  Knasboro',  York- 
shire, England,  and  was  the  son  of  John 
Graveley,  a  celebrated  surgeon,  who  was 
mainly  instrumental  in  the  discovery  of  the 
murder  of  Daniel  Clark  by  Eugene  Aram, 
and  on  which  Lord  Lytton's  celebrated  novel 
was  founded.  His  grandmother  was  a  Lo- 
cock,  and  closely  related  to  Sir  Charles  Lo- 
cock,  physician  to  Queen  Victoria.  His 
mother  was  the  youngest  daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  Captain  Walter  Boswell,  R.N., 
one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Cobourg,  and  who 
named  the  place.  Lieut. -Colonel  Graveley 
was  educated  at  Upper  Canada  College, 
entering  in  the  first  and  going  out  in  the 
sixth  form  ;  and  studied  law,  first  in  the 
office  of  the  Hon.  Sidney  Smith,  Cobourg, 
and  next  in  the  office  of  Cameron  and 
Moss,  Toronto,  the  firm  at  that  time  con- 
sisting of  Hector  Cameron,  Q.C.,  and  the 
late  Chief  Justice  Moss.  He  afterwards 
practised  his  profession  in  Cobourg  for 
many  years.  Having  a  strong  liking  for 
a  military  life,  he  first  served  as  a  trooper 
in  Colonel  D'Arcy  Boulton's  troop  of  dra- 
goons, where  he  soon  rose  to  the  rank  of 
sergeant-major,  and  was  then  given  an  en- 
sign's commission  in  the  Cobourg  Rifles  in 
1864,  having  held  from  the  sixteenth  year 
of  his  age  command  as  an  ensign  in  the 
sedentary  militia.  In  1866  he  entered  the 
Military  School  at  Toronto,  and  was  at- 
tached to  her  Majesty's  47th  regiment, 
under  Colonel  Lowrey,  and  received  a  sec- 


ond class  certificate  the  same  year.  His 
corps  having  been  called  on  for  active  ser- 
vice in  consequence  of  the  Fenian  invasion 
in  June  of  that  year,  he  served  during  the 
whole  campaign,  and  earned  his  promotion^ 
to  a  lieutenancy.  On  the  formation  of  the 
fortieth  regiment  of  infantry,  he  was  ga- 
zetted captain  No.  1  company,  and  on  the 
14th  November,  1876,  was  made  the  brevet 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  regiment.  During 
the  Fenian  raid  in  1870  he  was  again  on 
active  service.  He  has  always  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  rifle- shooting,  and  has 
served  on  various  occasions  as  brigade 
musketry  instructor  for  the  3rd  district  ; 
and  at  present  he  is  a  member  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  the  Dominion  Rifle  Association,  and 
is  president  of  the  Cobourg  Rifle  Associa- 
tion. He  was  elected  to  the  town  council 
of  Cobourg  for  the  years  1876-7  ;  mayor, 
by  acclamation,  in  1880,  and  held  the  of- 
fice for  six  consecutive  terms  until  1885, 
when  he  retired,  although  urged  to  occupy 
the  position  for  a  longer  period  ;  and  for 
these  years  he  was  also  commissioner  of 
the  Cobourg  town  trust.  He  was  nomina- 
ted by  the  Conservative  party  for  the  On- 
tario legislature,  but  failed  to  secure  hia 
election  in  the  contest  that  took  place  in 
December,  1886.  Lieut. -Colonel  Graveley 
has  always  been  a  Liberal-Conservative  in 
politics,  is  an  earnest  supporter  of  all  meas-  • 
ures  having  fur  their  object  union  and  pro- 
gress, and  as  a  native  Canadian  is  thor- 
oughly loyal  to  his  country,  and  expects  a 
great  future  for  her.  He  is  a  Master  ma- 
son, a  member  of  St.  John  lodge,  No.  13? 
and  takes  a  lively  Lr  rest  in  Masonic  work. 
He  has  travelled  a  good  deal  in  his  day, 
and  spent  some  time  in  England,  Ireland,, 
and  France.  He  was  married  in  1870  to 
Mary  Jane  Angell  Campbell,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  Clifford  Angell,  of  London, 
England,  and  his  wife,  Charlotte  Elson,  of 
Hertfordshire,  England,  and  adopted  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Major  David  Campbell, 
of  her  Majesty's  63rd  regiment,  who  was 
for  many  years  on  the  staff.  He  with  his 
brother,  Lieut.  Colonel  Robert  Campbell,  of 
H.M.  52nd  regiment,  were  the  first  settlers 
in  Seymour,  and  founded  what  is  now  the 
flourishing  town  of  Campbellford,  taking  its 
name  from  its  founder.  They  both  had 
high  records  for  military  service,  but  the 
latter  Colonel  Campbell  was  famous  as  the 
leader  of  the  forlorn  hope  at  the  storming 
of  San  Sebastian  in  the  Peninsular  war,  for 
which,  and  other  brilliant  services  during 
the  campaign  recorded  in  Napier's  History, 
he  was  mentioned  in  Lord  Wellington's 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


217 


despatches,  and  received  a  gold  medal  and 
clasp  and  his  majority.  Only  three  such 
medals  were  ever  issued,  and  were  only 
given  for  special  service.  Colonel  Camp- 
bell died  of  his  wounds  at  Campbellford  ; 
his  brother,  the  major,  survived  him  many 
years,  dying  in  3881  at  the  advanced  age  of 
ninety-seven.  Four  bullets  received  at 
San  Sebastian,  and  taken  from  the  colonel's 
body  after  death,  are  preserved  with  the 
gold  medal  and  clasp,  sabre  and  epaulets, 
with  highly  commendatory  and  friendly 
letters  from  the  Duke  of  Kent,  the  Duke  of 
York,  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  Lord  Palmer- 
ston,  and  the  Prince  Regent,  are  preserved 
as  sacred  relics,  and  afford  interesting  study 
of  departed  greatness.  ' '  Sic  gloria  transit 
mundi. " 

Roche,  William,  jr.,  M.P.P.,  Coal 
and  Commission  Merchant,  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  was  born  in  Halifax  in  1842.  His 
father,  William  Roche,  is  a  merchant  in 
Halifax,  and  his  mother  was  named  Susan 
M.  Roche.  His  uncle,  Charles  Roche,  re- 
presented Shelburne,  N.S.,  in  the  Provincial 
Assembly  from  1830  to  1835.  The  grand- 
parents of  Mr.  Roche  were  loyalists,  and 
moved  from  the  state  of  New  York  in  1783 
to  Nova  Scotia,  and  settled  in  Shelburne. 
The  family  is  of  Irish  descent.  William 
received  his  education  at  the  Halifax,  Dal- 
housie,  and  Free  Church  academies,  and 
on  leaving  school  selected  commerce  as  a 
profession.  He  now  carries  on  a  large  coal 
and  commission  business,  and  is  agent  for 
several  steamship  companies.  For  some 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  school  board, 
and  in  1886  occupied  the  position  of  chair- 
man of  that  body.  In  politics  Mr.  Roche 
is  a  Liberal,  and  at  the  general  elections 
held  in  1886  was  chosen,  by  a  majority  of 
950,  to  represent  Halifax  in  the  Provincial 
Assembly,  and  is  a  firm  supporter  of  the 
present  government.  He  is  a  director  of  the 
Union  Bank  of  Halifax.  Mr.  Roche  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Episcopal  church. 

Mitchell,  Samuel  E.,  Bookseller  and 
Publisher,  Pembroke,  Ontario,  was  born  on 
the  8th  of  December,  1836,  at  Bury,  Lanca- 
shire, England.  He  is  a  son  of  John  Mit- 
chell, J.P. ,  formerly  of  Bury,  but  now  of 
Clitheroe,  Lancashire,  England,  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  John  Mitchell  and  Sons, 
paper  manufacturers,  Primrose  Paper  Mills, 
Clitheroe.  Samuel  was  educated  at  the  Bury 
private  and  grammar  schools.  He  came 
to  Canada  in  1858,  and  settled  in  Pembroke, 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  He  com- 
menced business  in  1863,  in  company  with 
John  G.  Cormack,  as  druggists,  booksellers 


and  stationers,  which  business  partnership 
was  dissolved  in  1866,  Mr.  Cormack  taking 
the  drug,  and  he  the  books  and  stationery, 
and  the  latter  he  has  carried  on  continu- 
ously to  this  time.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  ap- 
pointed clerk  of  the  county  council  of  the 
county  of  Renfrew,  in  January,  1869,  and 
has  continued  to  hold  this  office  ever  since. 
He  has  never  missed  a  meeting  of  council 
since  his  appointment,  from  illness  or  other 
cause.  He  was  high  and  public  school 
trustee  of  the  town  for  several  years,  until 
his  appointment  to  the  above  clerkship 
brought  him  under  that  law  which  says  that 
no  municipal  officer  shall  be  a  school  trus- 
tee. He  was  made  a  justice  of  the  peace 
for  the  county  of  Renfrew  in  June,  1876  ;. 
police  magistrate  in  and  for  the  town  <$ 
Pembroke  on  the  17th  April,  1884,  and 
police  magistrate  in  and  for  the  county  of 
Renfrew,  on  1st  June,  1887.  As  a  magis- 
trate Mr.  Mitchell  has  been  very  successful, 
and  has  received  high  commendations  from, 
both  political  local  newspapers.  The  Pem- 
broke Standard  (Conservative)  of  the  20th 
November,  1886,  thus  spoke  kindly  of  him  : 

The  charge  of  murdering  her  husband  brought 
against  Mary  Dunlop,  of  Mink  Lake,  was  investi- 
gated last  week  before  S.  E.  Mitchell,  Esq.,  police 
magistrate,  at  great  length,  occupying  five  days 
and  the  half  of  the  intervening  nights.  Many 
questions  of  an  important  nature  had  to  be  decid- 
ed by  his  worship,  and  the  ability  and  learning 
with  which  he  disposed  of  them  are  shown  by  the 
fact  that  at  the  close  of  the  evidence  the  counsel 
on  both  sides  expressed  their  entire  satisfaction 
and  appreciation  of  the  fairness  shown  to  each 
by  the  bench.  It  is  almost  needless  to  say  that 
no  other  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  county  could 
have  displayed  as  much  ability  and  skill  in  the 
hearing  of  this  important  case.  At  the  close  his. 
worship  delivered  a  most  eloquent  and  instruc- 
tive address  on  the  gradual  development  of  our 
criminal  law  and  the  duties  of  the  court  on  such 
a  case  arising.  There  was  no  evidence  brought 
out  that  would  point  to  the  guilt  of  the  prisoner. 
She  was  consequently  discharged,  and  the  matter 
remains  as  great  a  mystery  as  ever. 

The  same  paper  again,  in  its  edition  of  the 
25th  January,  1887,  thus  alludes  to  Mr. 
Mitchell  :— 

There  is  an  agitation  on  foot  at  present  to 
get  the  county  council  ....  to  recommend 
the  appointment  of  Mr.  S.  E.  Mitchell  as  police 
magistrate  for  the  county  of  Renfrew,  with  a 
view  to  the  better  enforcement  of  the  Scott  Act. 
Mr.  Mitchell  has  made  it  a  special  study,  and, 
so  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  learn,  the  decisions 
rendered  by  him  since  he  has  occupied  the  posi- 
tion of  town  police  magistrate  have  not  only  been 
in  accordance  with  the  facts  of  the  cases  in  ques- 
tion, but  from  a  legal  point  of  view  have  been 
eminently  satisfactory  to  those  who  are  versed 
in  the  law  and  understand  its  meaning.  He  is- 


218 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


also  a  pronounced  temperance  advocate,  and 
would  no  doubt  render  valuable  assistance  to  the 
temperance  people,  who  are  anxious  to  see  the 
Scott  Act  properly  enforced. 

The  Pembroke  Observer  (Liberal)  of  28 bh 
January,  1887,  has  also  a  good  word  to  say 
in  favour  of  Mr.  Mctchell : — 

The  question  of  recommending  the  Ontario 
Government  to  appoint  S.  E.  Mitchell,  Esq., 
police  magistrate  for  the  county  of  Renfrew,  will 
come  before  the  county  council  now  in  session 
here.  Every  member  of  the  council  will,  of 
course,  admit  that  Mr.  Mitchell  is  a  gentleman  in 
every  way  fitce  1  for  the  position  of  county  police 
magistrate.  He  is  scholarly,  and  well  versed  in 
the  law  ;  and  his  appointment  would  be  a  gratifi- 
cation to  the  supporters  of  the  Scott  Act.  It  is 
said,  however,  that  many  of  the  councillors  are 
opposed  to  the  appointment,  on  the  ground  that 
it  .would  entail  considerable  expense  on  the 
county.  The  committee  will  probably  report  on 
the  matter  to-day,  and  then  we  shall  see  how  the 
matter  stands.  One  thing  is  certain— Mr.  Mit- 
chell will  bring  eloquence,  ability,  and  good  judg- 
ment to  the  bench,  should  he  receive  the  appoint- 
ment. 

Although  the  council,  being  decidedly  anti- 
Scott  Act,  failed  to  recommend  Mr.  Mitchell 
for  the  office,  nevertheless  the  Ontario  go- 
vernment, to  its  credit,  on  the  recommen- 
dation of  the  License  B  _>ard  and  the  county 
branch  of  the  Dominion  Alliance  for  the 
suppression  of  the  liquor  traffic,  appointed 
him  to  the  office.  Mr.  Mitchell  has  had  a 
hand  in  almost  every  public  and  private 
movement  inaugurated  in  Pembroke  during 
his  long  residence  of  about  thirty  years. 
Among  others,  the  establishment  of  the 
Pembroke  Philharmonic  Society;  the  build- 
ing up  of  the  Pembroke  lodge,  No  128, 
G.R.C.  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  the 
mastership  of  which  he  held  during  the 
years  ]  870  and  1871  ;  the  Pembroke  lodge  of 
the  Independent  Order  of  Oddfellows,  and 
temperance  societies  in  general.  He  deliver- 
ed an  address  on  "  Oddfellowship  "  at  the 
anniversary  celebration  of  the  Renfrew 
lodge,  which  at  the  time  was  characterised 
by  the  Noble  Grand  as  the  finest  presenta- 
tion of  objects  of  the  order  he  had  ever  lis- 
tened to,  and  after  hearing  Mr.  Mitchell 
give  a  song,  the  same  high  dignitary  said 
"  Mr.  Mitchell  had  proved  himself  as  good 
a  singer  as  he  was  an  orator."  Mr.  Mitchell 
is  a  staunch  Reformer,  and  was  for  many 
years  president  of  the  Pembroke  Raform 
Association,  up  until  1886,  when  he  found 
the  position  somewhat  incompatible  with 
that  of  police  magistrate,  and  resigned.  He 
has  always  occupied  a  foremost  place  in  the 
councils  of  his  party  in  his  district,  and  has 
on  some  occasions  been  spoken  of  as  the 


coming  man  for  legislative  honours,  but 
various  considerations  have  prevented  him 
fr  >m  complying  with  the  kind  solicitations 
of  his  political  friends.  He  was  brought 
up  in  the  Church  of  England,  but  in  1859 
he  joined  the  Methodist  church  of  Canada, 
and  has  continued  to  be  a  member  of  that 
church  ever  sincj.  He  has  served  on  some 
of  the  most  important  of  the  church  com- 
mittees for  about  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  General  Confer- 
ence of  1878.  Mr.  Mitchell  has  been  twice 
married.  First,  in  1860,  to  Miry  Ann, 
daughter  of  D.  B.  Warren,  of  Allumettes 
Island,  county  of  Pontiac,  Quebec  province, 
who  died  in  1868,  leaving  three  children, 
who  still  survive.  Second,  in  1869,  to  Ellen 
Jane,  daughter  of  John  Deacon,  J.P.,  of 
South  Sherbrooke,  county  Lanark,  Ontario, 
and  sister  of  John  Deacon,  county  judge  of 
Renfrew,  by  whom  he  has  two  surviving 
children. 

Beek,  James  Scott,  Auditor-General 
of  the  Province  of  New  Brunswick,  Fred- 
ericton,  is  an  Irishman  by  birth,  having 
been  born  in  Bxndon,  county  of  Cork,  on  the 
1st  June,  1814.  His  parents,  Joseph  and 
Mary  B  jek,  both  natives  of  the  same  county, 
wjre  born  in  Cork  city.  James  came  with 
his  father,  his  mother  having  died  in  Ire- 
land, to  New  Brunswick  in  1823,  and  settled 
in  Fredericton,  where  Mr.  Beek,  senr. ,  held 
the  office  of  registrar  of  deeds  and  wills  at 
the  time  of  his  death.  James  Scott  Beek 
attended  for  some  time  the  public  school  at 
Fredericton,  but  most  of  his  education  was 
obtained  by  private  study,  he  acting  as  his 
own  tutor,  both  before  and  while  serving  as 
a  merchant's  clerk.  After  this  he  went  into 
business  for  himself  in  Fredericton,  and  for 
about  twenty  years  he  dealt  in  general 
merchandise,  retiring  in  1856.  For  the 
past  thirty  years  or  more  Mr.  Beek  has 
been  constantly  in  one  or  more  offices  con- 
nected with  the  municipality  of  the  city  of 
Fredericton,  or  of  the  province  of  New 
Brunswick.  HJ  was  alderman  for  about  a 
dozdn  years,  mayor  for  three  consecutive 
terms,  commencing  in  1859  ;  judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Picas  for  several  years  ; 
has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  a  long 
period  ;  was  librarian  for  the  Legislative 
Assembly  from  1864  to  1867,  and  from  the 
latter  year  has  acted  in  the  capacity  of 
auditor-general  for  the  province.  In  this 
latter  position  he  has  proved  himself  a  most 
painstaking  official,  as  the  reports  he  issues 
annually  amply  prove.  His  motto  seems  to 
be  :  "  Whatever  is  worth  doing  is  worth  do- 
ing well."  Mr.  B^ek  is  a  Liberal- Conserva- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


219 


tive  in  politics,  and  in  his  younger  days 
was  an  energetic  worker  for  his  party.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and 
occupies  the  position  in  the  order  of  master 
mason.  In  religious  matters  he  is  an  adher- 
ent of  the  Church  of  England,  and  has  on 
several  occasions  been  a  delegate  from  the 
Cathedral  to  the  Church  Society.  He  is  a 
firm  believer  in  total  abstinence  from  the 
use  of  intoxicants  as  a  drink,  and  of  late 
years  has  done  good  service  to  the  cause  of 
temperance  by  working  hard  as  a  prohibrtion- 
ist,  and  as  the  president  of  the  United 
Temperance  Association  of  New  Brunswick, 
to  suppress  the  liquor  traffic,  and  as  a 
Son  of  Temperance.  He  is  a  man  of 
warm  feelings  and  a  true  friend  to  his 
brother  man.  Mr.  Beek  has  been  three 
times  married  ;  first,  to  Margaret  Barker, 
of  Mangerville  ;  second,  to  M»ry  Elizabeth 
Garrison,  of  St.  John,  both  deceased  ;  and 
then  to  Emma  R.  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
John  K.  Partelow,  of  Fredericton.  He  has 
one  child  living  by  the  first  wife  and  one 
daughter  by  the  second,  and  has  lost  child- 
ren by  both  wives. 

Lord,  Major  Art  rums,  Agent  of  the 
Marine  Department,  Charlotte  town.  Prince 
Edward  Island,  was  born  at  Tryon,  P.E.I., 
on  the  10th  May,  1835.  His  father,  James 
Lord,  and  his  mother,  Lydia  Lea,  were  both 
of  English  descent.  His  paternal  grand- 
father was  among  the  number  of  loyal  Eng- 
lishmen who,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Ameri- 
can revolutionary  war,  gave  up  all  their 
worldly  possessions,  refused  to  fight  against 
their  rightful  sovereign,  left  the  state  of 
Massachusetts  and  moved  to  Prince  Edward 
Island,  where  they  found  a  home  more  con- 
genial to  their  tastes.  ArtemasLord,  having 
been  deprived  of  the  tender  care  of  his 
mother,  who  died  when  he  was  only  sixteen 
months  old,  was  adopted  by  his  uncle,  W.  W. 
Lord,  who  afterwards  provided  for  all  his 
wants  and  set  him  afloat  in  the  world .  When 
he  was  five  years  old  his  uncle  and  aunt  re- 
moved to  Charlottetown  and  took  the  boy 
with  them.  And  here  they  sent  him  to  a 
private  school  ;  next  to  the  Central  Acade- 
my (now  the  Prince  of  Wales'  College),  and 
then  to  the  academy  at  Sackville,  New 
Brunswick,  where  he  received  a  thorough 
mercantile  training.  At  eighteen  he  left 
school,  but  finding  his  health  considerably 
impaired  through  confinement  and  close 
study,  he  resolved  to  take  a  few  sea  voyages 
with  the  object  of  restoring  his  health,  and 
for  three  years  thereafter  he  sailed  in  one 
of  his  uncle's  ships  trading  between  Char- 
lottetown and  England.  In  1856  he  entered 


into  partnership  with  his  uncle,  under  the 
firm  name  of  W.  W.  Lord  &  GJ.,  general 
merchants  and  shipowners,  and  this  partner- 
ship lasted  until  1864,  during  which  time 
they  built  and  owned  ships  which  traded  to 
the  West  Indies,  to  the  southern  cotton 
ports,  to  the  River  Plata,  to  Great  B4tain, 
and  to  the  East  Indies,  when  his  uncle  re- 
tired, and  he  continued  the  business  under 
the  old  name,  until  1878.  In  1864  Mr.  Lord 
joined  the  first  battery  of  volunteer  artillery, 
and  in  1868  he  was  appointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  second  battery,  which  position 
he  held  until  1873,  when  Prince  Edward 
Island  became  part  of  the  Dominion  of  Can- 
ada, at  which  time  he  applied  to  be,  and  was 
placed  on  the  retired  list,  with  the  rank  of 
major.  When  the  question  of  providing 
Prince  Edward  Island  with  a  railway  was 
before  the  public  Mr.  Lord  took  a  very 
active  part  in  the  agitation,  and  helped  to 
carry  the  measure.  He,  too,  was  found 
among  the  ranks  of  those  who  went  in  for 
confederation  ;  and  when  the  people  agreed 
to  throw  in  their  lot  with  the  other  provin- 
ces, he  chose  the  party  led  by  Sir  John  A. 
Macdonald,  and  has  ever  since  supported  it 
on  patriotic  grounds.  In  1859  Mr.  Lord 
joined  St.  John's  lodge,  and  has  continued 
to  keep  up  his  connection  with  the  Masonic 
order  ever  since.  In  188]  he  was  appointed 
agent  of  the  Marine  department  for  the 
province,  and  retired  from  active  mercantile 
life  to  attend  to  the  duties  of  the  office. 
His  connection  with  the  shipping  business 
enabled  him  in  his  younger  days  to  see  a 
good  part  of  the  world  ;  and  he  made  no 
less  than  nineteen  round  trips  across  the  At- 
lantic. He  spent  three  winters  in  London, 
Liverpool,  and  other  towns  in  England,  and 
also  visited  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  part 
of  Ireland,  and  other  places  in  the  old  land, 
combining  business  with  pleasure.  In  politi- 
cal matters,  as  we  have  seen,  he  is  a  Liberal- 
Conservative  ;  and  in  religious  matters, 
though  brought  up  in  the  Wesleyan  Method- 
ist fold,  he  saw  fit,  in  1876,  to  change  to 
that  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  In  1859, 
he  was  married  to  Carrie  M.  Rich,  daughter 
of  Lathley  Rich,  of  Frankfort,  Maine,  who 
died  in  3864,  leaving  a  little  boy  who  sur- 
vived his  mother  only  seventeen  months. 
Four  years  after,  in  1869,  he  married  Mar- 
garet P.  S.  Gray,  daughter  of  colonel  the 
Hon.  John  Hamilton  Gray,  chairman  of  the 
first  convention  called  in  Prince  Edward 
Island  to  consider  the  question  of  confedera- 
tion. This  gentleman,  in  1869,  held  the  posi- 
tion of  adjutant-general  for  the  province  of 
Prince  Edward  Island,  and  at  the  time  was 


220 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


well  known  throughout  the  Dominion  as  a 
large  hearted,  prominent  public  man.  A  few 
years  ago  he  retired  into  private  life.  Mr. 
Lord  has  a  family  of  three  boys  and  two 
girls  alive,  and  three  boys  dead.  His  uncle 
and  aimt  are  still  alive — his  uncle  being 
now  (1887)  eighty-nine  years  and  his  aunt 
eighty-seven  years  of  age — and  having  been 
married  over  sixty  years.  This  venerable 
couple  are  now  enjoying  the  fruits  of  a 
happy  life  spent  in  each  other's  society. 
They  are  highly  respected  by  all  in  the  city 
in  which  they  have  spent  the  greater  part  of 
their  useful  lives.  They  never  had  any 
children  of  their  own,  but  many  neverthe- 
less bless  them  this  day  for  assistance  and 
council  given  them  in  the  past.  Hon.  W. 
W.  Lord,  we  may  add,  was  for  more  than 
thirty  years  an  active  politician,  and  sat  in 
the  local  legislature  as  representative  for  his 
native  county,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
council  with  such  leaders  as  Coles,  Pope, 
Whelan,  Mooney  and  others  in  all  measures 
that  had  for  their  object  the  good  of  his 
country.  Mrs.  Lord  is  an  active  worker  in 
the  church,  and  prominent  in  all  works  of 
charity  and  mercy. 

McLeod,  Hon.  Neil.,  M.A.,  Char- 
lottetown,  Prince  Edward  Island,  Member 
of  the  Executive  Council,  M.P.P.  for  Char- 
lottetown  and  Royalty,  is  of  Scotch  descent, 
and  was  born  on  the  15th  December,  1842, 
at  Uigg,  Queens  county,  Prince  Edward 
Island.  His  parents  were  Roderick  Mc- 
Leod  and  Flora  McDonald.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Acadia  University,  Wolf ville ,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  received  from  that  institution 
the  degrees  of  B.  A.  and  M.A.  He  chose 
law  as  a  profession,  and  was  called  to  the 
bar  of  Prince  Edward  Island  in  1872.  He 
is  now  a  member  of  the  well  known  firm  of 
McLeod,Morson,and  McQuarrie,  with  offices 
at  Charlottetown  and  Summerside,  P.E.I. 
Mr.  McLeod  was  first  elected  to  the  House  of 
Assembly  at  the  general  election  in  1879  ; 
was  sworn  in  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council,  and  on  the  llth  March,  of  the 
same  year,  appointed  provincial  secretary 
and  treasurer.  This  office  he  held  until 
March,  1880,  when  he  resigned,  with  the 
object  of  applying  himself  more  closely  to 
his  professional  duties,  but  still  remained  a 
member  of  the  government  without  a  port- 
folio. He  was  re-elected  to  the  Assembly 
at  the  general  election  of  1882,  and  a^ain  at 
the  last  general  election,  and  is  now  a  mem- 
ber of  the  government.  Hon.  Mr.  McLeod 
holds  the  position  of  chairman  of  the  Poor- 
house  Commissioners,  and  is  also  a  trustee  of 
the  Provincial  Lunatic  Asylum.  In  politics 


he  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and  in  re- 
ligious matters  he  has,  from  youth  up,  been  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  He 
stands  high  among  his  fellow  citizens  as  a 
man  of  probity,  intelligence  and  culture. 
In  June,  1877,  he  was  married  to  Adelia, 
only  daughter  of  James  Hayden,  of  Vernon 
River,  Prince  Edward  Island. 

JLe  May,  Leon  Pampliile,  Homme  de 
Lettres,  Quebec,  Chief  Librarian  of  the  Le- 
gislative Assembly  of  Quebec,  was  born  at 
Lotbiniere,  on  the  5th  of  January,  1837.  His 
ancestor  was  Michel  Le  May,  or  Le  Me^, 
who  came  to  Canada  more  than  two  centu- 
ries ago,  from  the  diocese  of  Angers,  France. 
He  settled,  in  1666,  at  Three  Rivers,  where 
he  was  a  farmer,  and  in  1681,  removed  to- 
Lotbiniere.  Some  members  of  the  family  are 
still  residing  in  the  latter  place.  He  had 
thirteen  children,  whose  descendants  are 
scattered  over  the  Dominion  and  the  United 
States.  The  father  of  our  subject  was  Lejn 
Le  May,  farmer  and  merchant;  and  his  mo- 
ther, Louise  Anger.  They  had  a  family  of 
fourteen  children.  L£  >n  Pamphile  Le  May 
received  his  education  at  the  Quebec  Semi- 
nary, studied  law  for  some  time,  and  then 
went  to  the  United  States,  in  search  of  a 
fortune.  At  the  end  of  two  years  he  re- 
turned to  Canada,  and  engaged  himself  as  a 
clerk  in  a  mercantile  house,  in  Sherbrooke, 
Quebec  province.  He  soon  discovered  that  he 
had  no  taste  for  mercantile  pursuits,  and  soon 
after  we  find  him  in  Ottawa,  invested  with 
the  cassock,  and  study  ing  theology.  In  1861, 
dyspepsia  compelled  him  to  leave  the  cloister. 
In  1862,  he  was  given  employment  as  a 
French  translator  in  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly, Quebec,  at  the  same  time  resuming  his 
legal  studies.  HJ  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1865,  and  went  to  reside  in  his  native  place, 
Lotbiniere.  In  1872,  he  returned  to  Que- 
bec, and  took  the  position  he  occupies  at  the 
present  time — chief  librarian  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly.  As  Mr.  Le  May  is  a  "  book- 
worm," the  employment  is  congenial  to  him. 
When  a  young  man,  he  commenced  writing 
for  the  press,  and  his  writings  at  once  at- 
tracted the  notice  of  the  litterateurs  of  Can- 
ada, the  Uuited  States  and  France.  In  1865, 
he  published  his  first  work,  "  Essais  Poe"ti- 
ques,"  a  volume  of  over  300  pages,  which 
was  cordially  received,  and  placed  him  in  the 
first  rank.  In  1 870  appeared  a  translation 
of  Longfellow's  "  Evangeline,"  which  raised 
Mr.  Le  May  to  a  high  position  among  the 
Canadian  poets.  Longfellow  sent  a  congra- 
tulatory letter  to  the  poet,  and  ever  after- 
wards treated  him  as  a  friend.  The  trans- 
lation is  looked  upon  as  Mr.  Le  May's 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


221 


master-piece,  and  he  can  safely  rest  his 
reputation  on  it.  The  pathetic  story  of  the 
Acadian  exiles  is  admirably  told  ;  the  poet's 
soul  seems  to  have  been  invaded  by  the  sor- 
row he  is  describing  ;  in  fact,  he  lives  his 
subject,  while  the  harmony  and  flexibility 
of  the  verse  leave  nothing  to  be  desired. 
There  have  appeared  since  that  time,  in  the 
order  mentioned  :  "  Deux  poemes  couron- 
nes,"  Quebec,  1870,  for  which  the  author  re- 
ceived two  gold  medals  ;  "  Les  Vengeances," 
Pceme,  Quebec  ;  "  Les  Vengeances,"  drama 
in  six  acts;  "  LePelerin  de  Sainte-Anne,"  a 
novel,  2  vols.,  Quebec,  1877;  "  Picounoc,  le 
Maudit,"  a  novel,  2  vols.,  Quebec,  1878  ; 
"  Une  Gerbe,"  miscellaneous  poetry,  Que- 
bec, 1879  ;  "Fables  Canadiennes,"  1  vol., 
Quebec,  1882;  "  L'affaire  Sougraine,"  no- 
vel, 1  vol.,  Quebec,  1884.  The  following 
criticism  is  from  the  pen  of  Louis  Honore 
Frechette,  the  poet-laureate,  whose  works 
"  Les  Fleurs  Bore*ales  et  les  Oiseaux  de 
Neige,"  have  been  crowned  by  the  French 
Academy.  Mr.  Frechette,  as  is  well  known, 
is  not  tender,  as  a  rule,  to  his  brother  poets 
and  confreres  :  "It  has  not  the  booming  of 
the  mad  torrent  :  it  is  the  purling  of  a 
fountain  on  a  mossy  bed  ;  it  has  not  the 
roaring  of  the  lion  :  it  is  the  cooing  of  the 
dove;  it  has  not  the  bold  swoop  of  the  eagle: 
it  is  the  timid  undulation  cf  the  cygnet." 
Mr.  Le  May  married,  in  1863,  Selima 
Robitaille,  of  Quebec,  and  they  have  twelve 
children,  five  sons  and  seven  daughters. 

Murchie,  James,  St.  Stephen,  ex- 
M.P.P.  for  Charlotte  county,  New  Bruns- 
wick, and  one  of  the  leading  merchants, 
lumber  manufacturers,  and  ship  owners  of 
that  county,  is  a  native  of  St.  Stephen,  hav- 
ing been  born  on  the  16th  of  August,  1813. 
His  father,  Andrew  Murchie,  was  from  Pais- 
ley, Scotland,  and  his  mother,  Janet  Camp- 
bell, was  a  native  of  New  Brunswick,  and  a 
daughter  of  Colin  Campbell.  James  Mur- 
chie was  educated  at  St.  Stephen,  and  re- 
mained on  his  father's  farm  until  he  became 
of  age,  and  since  that  period  has  been  en- 
gaged in  manufacturing  lumber  on  the  St. 
Croix  river,  merchandising,  and  shipping, 
being  one  of  the  most  extensive  operators 
in  those  branches  of  industry  in  this  valley. 
The  firm  of  James  Murchie  and  Sons  has 
mills  at  Benton,  Deer  Lake,  and  Edmuns- 
ton,  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  as  well 
as  at  Calais,  Maine,  and  are  cutting  about 
20,000,000  feet  per  annum.  This  firm  also 
owns  200,000  acres  of  timber  land,  nearly 
half  of  it  being  in  the  province  of  Quebec, 
and  about  38,000  in  Maine,  and  the  balance 
in  New  Brunswick.  Mr.  Murchie,  who  was 


a  captain  of  militia  in  his  younger  days,  is 
one  of  the  oldest  magistrates  in  this  part  of 
the  country.  He  served  for  some  years  as 
school  trustee,  and  has  held,  in  fact,  nearly 
all  the  local  offices  in  the  gift  of  the  people, 
being  painstaking  and  efficient  in  discharg- 
ing the  duties  which  he  assumes.  He  repre- 
sented Charlotte  county  in  the  House  of  As- 
sembly from  1874  to  1878,  being  sent  there 
by  his  Liberal-Conservative  friends,  and 
while  in  that  legislative  body  secured  the 
repeal  of  the  Wild  Land  Tax  Act,  which 
had  been  attempted  in  vain  by  previous  re- 
presentatives from  his  county.  He  also 
carried  other  bills  regarded  as  very  import- 
ant, and  proved  himself  a  diligent  law  as 
well  as  a  lumber  maker.  He  is  one  of  the 
directors  of  the  St.  Stephen  Bank  ;  of  two 
bridge  corporations ;  the  Calais  Tug  Boat 
Company,  and  other  incorporated  companies; 
vice-president  of  the  New  Brunswick  and 
Canada  Railway  ;  president  of  the  Frontier 
Steamboat  Company  ;  St.  Croix  Lloyds  In- 
surance Company,  and  the  St.  Croix  Cotton 
Mill  Company.  He  was  a  leading  force  in 
engineering  this  last  enterprise,  giving  seve- 
ral weeks'  time  to  getting  the  company  or- 
ganised, its  capital  ($500,000)  taken,  the 
site  secured  for  the  mill,  the  corner  stone 
laid,  &c.  The  last  act  mentioned  was  done 
by  the  Masonic  order  on  the  24th  June, 
1881,  and  marked  an  epoch  in  the  history  of 
the  town  of  Milltown,  in  which  our  subject 
resides,  being  the  owner  of  the  finest  house 
in  the  place.  This  cotton  mill  is  517  feet 
long,  98  feet  wide,  and  four  stories  above 
the  basement,  in  addition  to  which  are  dye 
house,  &c.,  which  cover  nearly  two-thirds 
as  much  ground  as  the  main  building.  The 
erection  of  this  mill  has  converted  one  of 
the  most  squallid  parts  of  the  town  into 
the  most  thrifty  and  industrious,  and  added 
from  800  to  1 ,000  inhabitants  to  the  place. 
Mr.  Murchie  has  done,  and  is  doing,  a  great 
deal  to  encourage  home  industry,  knowing 
that  all  such  enterprises  tend  to  increase 
the  value  of  his  own  property  as  well  as 
the  prosperity  of  the  country.  It  is  a  few 
such  men  as  he— men  of  energy,  push,  and 
pluck — found  in  St.  Stephen,  Calais,  and 
Milltown,  that  have  built  up  this  trinity 
of  towns,  and  given  them  their  present  air 
of  thriftiness.  Milltown,  the  smallest  of  all, 
is  just  now  probably  the  liveliest  of  the 
three.  Mr.  Murchie  was  also  a  leading 
stockholder  and  organiser  in  the  Calais 
Shoe  Factory,  which  employs  300  or  400 
hands.  He  is  a  member  and  trustee  of  the 
Congregational  Church,  Milltown,  which 
body  has  a  house  of  worship  which  is  a  gem. 


122 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


of  architecture  ;  and  it  is  the  impression  of 
the  community  that  no  such  elegant  and 
costly  structure  could  have  been  reared  in 
the  little  town  without  both  the  shaping  and 
the  plethoric  pocket  of  Mr,  Murchie.  He 
was  first  married,  in  1836,  to  Mary  Ann 
Grimmer,  daughter  of  John  Grimmer,  late 
collector  of  customs,  at  St.  Stephen.  She 
died  in  1857,  leaving  ten  children.  He  was 
married  the  second  time,  in  1860,  to  Mar- 
garet Thorpe,  daughter  of  Jackson  Thorpe, 
of  St.  George,  Charlotte  county,  having  by 
her  three  children.  She  died  in  1872.  All 
of  the  children  excepting  one  boy,  who  is  at 
school,  are  settled  in  life.  Five  of  the  sons 
— John  G.,  William  A.,  James  S.,  George 
A.,  and  Henry  S. — are  in  business  with 
their  father.  The  first,  John  G.,  ex-mayor 
of  the  city  of  Calais,  is  director  of  the  Cal- 
ais Tug  Boat  Company,  and  St.  Croix 
Lloyds  Insurance  Company  ;  the  second, 
William  A.,  is  treasurer  of  the  Calais  Tug 
Boat  Company,  director  of  the  Calais  Shoe 
Factory  and  vice-consul  of  Brazil  and  the 
Argentine  Republic.  Twoothersons,  Charles 
F.  and  Horace  B.,  are  in  the  commission 
business  on  Wall  Street,  New  York.  His 
daughters  are  all  married. 

Morse,  Hon.  William  Agnew 
Denny,  Amherst,  Judge  of  Probate  for 
Cumberland,  Marshal  in  Court  of  Vice-Ad- 
miralty, Halifax,  Chairman  of  the  Liquor 
Licence  Board,  Judge  of  the  County  Courts 
of  Pictou  and  Cumberland,  and  Revising 
Barrister,  Halifax,  was  born  on  the  13th 
January,  1837,  at  Amherst,  county  Of  Cum- 
berland, M.S.  His  father,  the  Hon.  Shan- 
non Morse,  studied  law  with  the  Hon.  Ames 
Botsford,  of  Westmoreland,  who  was  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  men  of  his  day  in  the 
Maritime  provinces.  He  afterwards  entered 
public  life,  and  from  1819  to  1842  took  a  most 
active  part  in  all  the  leading  questions  of 
these  times,  and  for  several  years  of  this 
period  he  represented  the  town  of  Amherat 
in  the  local  legislature.  In  1842  he  resigned 
his  position  in  the  Legislative  Council,  and 
retired  into  private  life  and  devoted  his  time 
to  the  reclaiming  and  draining  a  large  tract 
of  marsh  land,  which  operation,  his  son, 
Judge  Morse,  is  now  carrying  on  and  com- 
pleting. Judge  Morse's  grandfather,  A. 
Morse,  settled  on  a  tract  of  land  granted  by 
the  Crown  to  his  father  (the  judge's 
great-grandfather).  This  gentleman  had 
been  an  officer  in  the  British  army,  serving 
under  Lord  Amherst  (then  Sir  Jeffrey 
Amherst)  during  the  French  and  Indian 
wars,  which  closed  by  Britain  becoming  pos- 
sessed of  the  North  American  provinces,  and 


in  connection  with  Colonel  F.  W.  Desbarres, 
Colonel  Frankly n,  Captains  Gmelin  and 
Gorham  settled  that  beautiful  and  fertile 
tract  of  country  situated  at  the  head  of  the 
Bay  of  Fundy,  and  known  by  the  French  as 
Beaubassin.  In  an  old  document  in  the 
possession  of  Judge  Morse,  we  find  the  fol- 
lowing interesting  record  :  "At  the  close  of 
the  war  which  accomplished  the  conquest  of 
all  the  territories  occupied  by  the  French  in 
North  America,  six  individuals  proposed,  in 
concurrence  with  the  intentions  of  his  Ma- 
jesty's government,  to  carry  on  settlements 
in  the  then  infant  colony  of  Nova  Scotia, 
praying  suitable  tracts  of  land  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  thereupon  orders  were  passed 
which  obtained  for  Joseph  Morse  and  his  as- 
sociates 34,000  acres  of  land,  in  the  town  of 
Cumberland,  23rd  day  of  November,  1763." 
And  under  this  grant  Mr.  Morse,  and  the 
four  gentlemen  alluded  to  above,  laid  the 
foundation  of  the  first  English  settlement, 
formed  after  the  expulsion  of  the  French, 
which  has  grown  in  wealth  and  prosperity 
ever  since.  In  the  biography  of  Jos.  Morse, 
written  by  his  kinsman,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Morse, 
this  tract  of  land  is  spoken  of  as  having  been 
granted  him,  to  compensate  him  for  his  ser- 
vices and  losses  in  the  French  and  Indian 
wars.  He  died  at  Fort  Lawrence,  in  Cum- 
berland, and  his  cousin,  Colonel  Robert 
Morse,  who,  as  colonel  of  the  Engineers 
under  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  was  the  author  of 
the  "Report  on  Fortifications  and  Defences 
of  Nova  Scotia,"  a  document  now  deservedly 
ranked  among  the  most  interesting  of  the 
historical  documents  of  our  archives.  Judge 
Morse's  mother,  Augusta  Agnew  Kinnear  was 
the  grand-daughter  of  Andrew  Kinnear,  who 
commanded  at  Fort  Cumberland  in  1808, 
and  was  with  Ames  Botsford,  the  first  mem- 
bers for  the  county  of  Westmoreland, who  sat 
in  the  New  Brunswick  legislature  after  that 
province  was  separated  from  Nova  Scotia. 
Judge  Morse  received  his  education  at  the 
private  school  taught  by  Dr.  Hea,  and  at 
Sackville  Academy,  where  he  received  a 
sound  English  and  classical  education.  He 
afterwards  studied  law,  and  for  years  suc- 
cessfully practised  his  profession.  He  was 
then  called  to  the  bench,  and  appointed 
judge  of  Probate  for  Cumberland,  and  subse- 
quently marshal  in  the  Vice- Admiralty  Court 
at  Halifax,  chairman  of  the  Liquor  Licence 
board,  judge  of  the  County  Courts  of  Pictou 
and  Cumberland,  and  revising  barrister  under 
the  Dominion  election  law.  Since  his  ele- 
vation to  the  bench,  Judge  Morse  has  ceased 
to  hold  the  offices  of  marshall  in  the  Vice- 
Admiralty  Court  and  judge  of  Probates. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


223 


Judge  Morse  takes  quite  an  interest  in  agri- 
cultural matters,  and  has  succeeded  in  re- 
claiming by  ditchingand  draining  large  tracts 
of  marsh  land  and  adding  haygrounds  and 
increasing  the  taxable  property  of  Cumber- 
land, and  is  removing  the  obstructions  from 
the  River  La  Blanche,  by  which  the  tide 
waters  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  are  permitted  to 
run  up  the  marshes  of  Cumberland,  and 
thereby  convert,  by  drainage,  bog  lands  into 
solid  hay  yielding  lands,  some  of  which  are 
now  producing  two  to  three  tons  to  the  acre. 
In  religious  matters,  Judge  Morse  is  an  ad- 
herent of  the  Church  of  England,  and  in 
politics  leans  to  Reform  principles.  He  was 
married  on  the  16th  December,  1873,  to 
Ella  Frances  Rebecca  Boggs,  whose  family 
were  among  the  first  of  the  old  Halifax 
U.  E.  loyalists  who  came  from  the  United 
States,  in  1780,  on  account  of  the  rebellion. 

Morrow,  John,  Toronto,  Inspector  of 
Inland  Revenue  for  the  District  of  Toronto, 
was  born  in  the  county  of  York,  near  To- 
ronto, Ontario,  in  1832.  His  father,  James 
Morrow,  came  to  Canada  from  the  county 
of  Cavan,  Ireland,  in  1819,  and  his  mother, 
Miss  McNeil,  came  from  the  same  district 
in  Ireland  in  1824.  The  vessel  in  which 
she,  her  mother,  and  brother,  embarked  for 
America,  suffered  shipwreck  on  St.  Paul's 
island,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, when  nearly  all  on  board  perished, 
including  Mrs.  McNeil.  John  Morrow  was 
brought  up  on  the  farm  possessed  by  his 
parents  in  York  county,  and  received  his 
primary  education  in  the  public  school  of 
the  district,  but  when  he  was  about  sixteen 
years  of  age  was  induced  by  the  late  Dr. 
Ryerson  to  go  to  the  Normal  School  in  To- 
ronto, and  he  attended  its  sessions  during 
1849-50-51,  and  then  graduated.  He  took 
up  teaching  as  a  profession,  and  successfully 
taught  school  for  about  twelve  years.  In 
1866  he  was  appointed  by  the  Dominion 
government  deputy  collector  of  inland  re- 
venue for  the  Toronto  division  ;  in  1873  he 
was  promoted  to  the  collectorship  ;  and  in 
1881  was  appointed  inspector  of  the  Toronto 
district,  which  office  he  now  satisfactorily 
fills.  Mr.  Morrow  is  an  adherent  of  the 
Methodist  church.  He  was  married  in  1855 
to  Miss  Sankey,  the  eldest  daughter  of  the 
late  John  Sankey,  builder,  of  York  county. 

Meredith,  Sir  William  Colli§:K.B., 
D.C.L.,  LL.D. ,  Quebec,  who  for  a  great 
number  of  years  occupied  the  position  of 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the 
province  of  Quebec,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Dublin,  on  23rd  May,  1812.  His  father  was 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  Meredith,  rector  of 


Ardtrea,  in  the  county  of  Tyrone,  Ireland  ; 
and  his  mother,  Eliza,  daughter  of  the  Very 
Rev.  Richard  Graves,  D.  D.,  dean  of  Ar- 
dagh.  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  Meredith  having 
died,  his  widow  in  ]  824  married  the  Rev. 
Edward  Burton,  and  came  out  to  Canada 
with  that  gentleman,  bringing  with  her 
four  of  her  children  by  her  first  marriage, 
the  eldest  being  William  Collis,  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch.  The  family  settled  at 
Rawdon,  north  of  Montreal,  where  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Burton  had  a  mission  under  the  So- 
ciety for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel. 
Before  leaving  Ireland  William  had  passed 
some  years  at  Dr.  Behan's  school  in  Wex- 
ford,  and  after  his  arrival  in  Canada  his 
education  was  continued  under  the  care  of 
his  step-father,  who  was  a  graduate  of  Trin- 
ity College,  Dublin.  He  was  also  greatly 
aided  and  encouraged  in  his  studies  at  this 
time  by  his  mother,  who  was  a  woman  of 
great  culture  and  refinement,  and  possessed 
of  great  energy  and  force  of  character.  Mr. 
Meredith's  legal  studies  were  commenced  in 
1831,  in  the  office  of  S.  de  Bleury,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  of  J.  C.  Grant,  Q.C.,  Mont- 
real, both  advocates  of  eminence.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  December,  1836,  and 
was  made  a  Queen's  counsel  in  1844.  In  the 
same  year  he  was  offered  and  declined  the 
office  of  solicitor- general,  and  subsequently 
that  of  attorney-general  ;  and  in  1847,  hav- 
ing been  again  offered  the  position  of  attor- 
ney-general, he  once  more  declined  that  high 
position  in  the  Draper  administration.  In 
December,  1849,  Mr.  Meredith  was  appointed 
a  judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Quebec  by  the  Lafontaine  Baldwin 
administration,  and  abandoned  with  some 
regret  the  practice  of  a  profession  to  which 
he  was  greatly  attached,  leaving  to  his  part- 
ner, Strachan  Bethune,  Q.C.,  and  the  late 
Hon.  Judge  Dunkin,  we  believe,  the  largest 
legal  business  which  at  that  time  had  been 
brought  together  by  a  single  professional 
firm  in  ihe  Province  of  Quebec.  At  the  ear- 
nest solicitation  of  the  government  of  Can- 
ada (Sir  George  E,  Cartier  being  then  attor- 
ney-general), and  in  compliance  with  the 
wishes  of  the  leading  members  of  the  Mont- 
real bar,  Judge  Meredith  consented  to  be  re- 
moved from  the  Superior  Cou"rt  to  the  Court 
of  Queen's  Bench — that  being  the  Court  of 
Appeal  for  the  province — and  this  appoint- 
ment was  approved  of  by  a  unanimous 
resolution  of  the  Quebec  bar.  While  a 
member  of  this  court,  several  of  his  judg- 
ments were  highly  spoken  of  by  the  lords 
of  the  Privy  Council  in  England.  Judge 
Meredith  continued  to  occupy  a  seat  in  the 


224 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Queen's  Bench  until  the  death  of  the  Hon. 
Edward  Bo  wen,  chief  justice  of  the  Superior 
Court  in  1866,  when  he  was  appointed 
to  that  high  office,  which  he  held  until 
1884,  when  failing  health  forced  him  to  re- 
sign the  position  which  for  so  many  years 
he  had  held ,  and  the  duties  of  which  he  dis- 
charged with  his  characteristic  energy  and 
ability  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  pro- 
fession and  the  public.  As  far  back  as  1844 
Judge  Meredith  was  requested  to  accept  the 
professorship  of  law  in  the  University  of 
McGill  College,  in  Montreal,  by  the  then 
principal,  Chief  Justice  Vallieres,  but  the 
pressure  of  his  professional  duties  compel- 
led him  to  refuse  the  profferred  honour.  In 
1844  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
D.C.L.  from  Lennox  ville  University,  and 
eleven  years  afterwards  (6th  September, 
1865),  upon  the  nomination  of  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Quebec,  he  was  unanimously 
elected  chancellor  of  that  university — but 
his  judicial  duties  were  such  that  he  could 
not  assume  the  responsibility  of  the  office. 
In  1880  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
XiL.D.  from  Laval  University,  Quebec;  and 
in  the  month  of  June,  1886,  her  most 
Gracious  Majesty  Queen  Victoria  conferred 
upon  him  the  honour  of  knighthood.  In 
1847  Judge  Meredith  was  married  to  Sophia 
Naters,  youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Dr. 
W.  E.  Holmes,  of  Quebec,  and  the  union 
has  been  blessed  with  a  numerous  family, 
of  whom  three  sons'  and  four  daughters  are 
still  living. 

Harris,  Very  Rev.  William  Rich- 
ard, B.D.,  Dean  of  St.  Catharines,  in  the 
Roman  Catholic  Arch- Diocese  of  Toronto. — 
Among  the  clergy  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
arch-diocese  of  Toronto,  there  are  many 
learned,  earnest,  and  pious  priests,  but 
among  them  all  we  doubt  if  there  is  one  of 
his  age  who  ranks  higher  in  the  estimation 
of  his  fellow  priests  and  all  those  of  the 
laity  who  have  had  the  privilege  of  his  ac- 
quaintance than  does  the  Very  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Richard  Harris,  parish  priest  of  the  city 
of  St.  Catharines,  and  dean  of  that  portion 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  arch-diocese  of  To- 
ronto known  as  the  Niagara  peninsula. 
Dean  Harris  can  hardly  yet  be  said  to  have 
reached  the  prime  of  life,  yet  so  mature  is 
his  mind  and  well  disciplined  are  his  facul 
ties  that  it  is  not  surprising  to  those  who 
know  him  that  he  has  so  suddenly  and  pro- 
minently come  to  the  front  in  his  church. 
For  a  young  man  he  is  remarkable  for  vigour, 
both  of  mind  and  body — a  vigour  which  is 
always  wisely  and  well  directed  in  the  dis- 
charge of  whatever  duties  he  undertakes. 


The  church  has  in  him,  if  he  is  spared,  the 
staff  which  must  place  him  in  a  high  and 
useful  position  in  its  service.  There  is  be- 
fore him  a  bright  and  brilliant  career,  or 
else  we  are  much  mistaken.  The  very  rev- 
erend gentleman  was  born  on  the  3rd  of 
March,  1847,  in  the  city  of  Cork,  Ireland, 
the  birthplace  of  many  of  the  most  distin- 
guished sons  of  the  Green  Isle.  At  an  early 
age  he  came  to  this  country  with  his  parents, 
entered  St.  Michael's  College,  Toronto,  and 
having  finished  his  classical  course  in  this 
well-known  institution  of  learning,  went  to 
Ste.  Anne's  Seminary,  Quebec,  to  complete 
a  course  of  metaphysics  and  philosophy.  In 
1869  he  was  appointed  secretary  to  his  Grace 
the  Archbishop  of  Toronto,  and  accompani- 
ed that  distinguished  prelate  to  Rome  when 
summoned  by  Papal  brief  to  attend  the 
(Ecumenical  Council.  Immediately  after 
the  opening  of  this  memorable  council,  our 
subject  entered  the  famous  College  of  the 
Propaganda,  where  he  finished  his  course  of 
theology,  and  took  his  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Divinity.  On  the  21st  June,  1870,  he 
was  ordained  priest  by  Cardinal  Patrizzi, 
in  the  historic  church  of  St.  Mary  Major. 
The  venerable  Archbishop  of  Toronto  and 
he  left  Rome  on  the  first  day  of  July  of 
that  year,  and  visited  the  principal  cities  of 
the  continent  of  Europe.  On  his  return  to 
Canada  he  continued  to  fill  for  some  time 
the  responsible  position  of  secretary  to  his 
grace,  when,  in  recognition  of  his  services 
and  abilities,  he  was  appointed  to  the  rec- 
torship of  Adjala,  at  that  time  the  most  im- 
portant rural  parish  in  the  diocese.  Here 
he  continued  to  labour  for  five  years,  hav- 
ing during  that  time  faithfully  discharged 
the  onerous  and  responsible  duties  associat- 
ed with  that  position.  Under  his  pastorship 
was  erected  St.  Mary's  Church,  West  Ad- 
jala, and  improvements  to  the  amount  of 
$7,000  dollars  were  made  in  that  parish. 
In  1875  he  was  summoned  to  the  rector- 
ship of  St.  Michael's  Cathedral,  Toronto, 
bearing  with  him  to  that  very  responsible 
position  the  best  wishes  of  the  people  of 
Adjala,  and  a  substantial  recognition  of 
his  labours  and  services  among  them.  We 
may  here  remark,  that  he  did  very  much  to 
create  and  perpetuate  that  friendly  feeling 
of  toleration  and  liberality  which  is  so  char- 
acteristic of  the  people  of  that  section  of  the 
country.  In  fact,  it  is  said  of  him  that  in 
whatever  position  he  has  been  placed  he  has 
shed  around  him  a  kindly  influence,  which 
has  been  instrumental  in  removing  the  as- 
perities of  religious  rancour,  and  bringing 
into  more  friendly  association  the  members 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


225 


of  the  various  religious  denominations.  In 
his  position  of  rector  of  St.  Michael's  Cathe- 
dral, a  large  field  for  the  exercise  of  his  con- 
spicuous administrative  abilities  lay  open  be- 
fore him.  The  pressure  of  hard  work  grad- 
ually told  on  his  constitution,  and  in  conse- 
quence he  resigned  the  rectorship  of  the  ca- 
thedral, and  sought  the  seclusion  which  the 
smaller  parish  of  Newmarket  afforded  him. 
Here  he  continued  to  labour  for  eight  years, 
during  which  time  he  completed  the  church 
in  that  town,  erected  the  fine  modern  pres- 
bytery, and  built  the  large  brick  school  house 
adjoining  the  church.  His  improvements 
in  this  parish  during  those  eight  years  repre- 
sented an  expenditure  of  over  $12,000.  His 
health  having  improved,  he  was  again  select- 
ed to  fill  one  of  the  most  responsible  posi- 
tions in  the  arch-diocese,  and  was  appointed 
to  the  important  and  influential  parish  of 
St.  Catharines,  and  dean  of  the  Niagara 
peninsula,  which  position  he  holds  with 
great  credit  to  himself  and  advantage,  both 
spiritual  and  temporal,  to  those  over  whom 
his  ecclesiastical  superior  has  wisely  placed 
him.  During  his  short  administration  of 
his  present  parish  he  has  shown  a  wonder- 
ful amount  of  administrative  ability,  and  up 
to  the  present  writing  has  wiped  out  a  debt 
of  $8,000.  Showing  his  deep  interest  in  the 
education  of  his  people,  he  has  just  begun 
the  important  work  of  erecting  for  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  separate  schools  the  finest 
school  building  on  the  Niagara  peninsula, 
in  which  are  introduced  all  modern  improve- 
ments calculated  to  add  to  the  health  and 
comfort  of  both  teachers  and  pupils.  In  all 
probability  before  the  expiration  of  two 
years  he  will  have  completed  buildings  cost- 
ing in  the  aggregate  $30,000.  While  devot- 
ing much  time  and  great  energy  to  the  work 
Eeculiar  to  his  priestly  office,  he  finds  time 
:>r  close  and  careful  study,  which  is  evi- 
denced by  the  manner  and  matter  of  his  ser- 
mons and  pulpit  discourses.  He  also  takes 
a  deep  interest  in  popular  education,  and 
has  lost  no  opportunity  of  pushing  on  the 
education  and  improvement  of  the  masses, 
irrespective  of  creed  or  nationality.  As  an 
evidence  of  this,  we  may  mention  that  for 
many  years  he  was  prominently  identified 
with  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  an  association 
of  which  he  was  twice  chosen  vice-president. 
Indeed,  such  was  his  standing  among  the  de- 
legates that  when,  in  1882,  his  name  was 
put  in  nomination  for  the  presidency  he  was 
elected  by  acclamation.  This  honour  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  a  convention  of 
eighty-four  representatives,  all  of  whom 
were  Protestants.  When  the  control  of 
N 


the  association  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  Minister  of  Education,  the  reverend 
gentleman  was  presented  by  the  members 
of  the  executive  board  with  an  embossed 
address  and  a  handsome  testimonial.  While 
on  the  executive  board  of  the  Mechanics' 
Institute  Association,  he  was  selected  to  re- 
present the  society  on  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  Industrial  Exhibition  Associa- 
tion. Before  his  departure  from  Newmar- 
ket, the  inhabitants  of  that  town,  irrespec- 
tive of  creed  or  nationality,  heartily  joined 
in  congratulating  him  on  his  promotion,  and 
in  a  public  meeting,  presided  over  by  the 
reeve  of  the  town,  presented  him  with  a 
most  flattering  address,  accompanied  with  a 
valuable  testimonial.  With  such  a  record 
did  the  Very  Reverend  Dean  Harris  come  to 
the  city  of  St.  Catharines,  and  we  are  in  a 
position,  from  close  observation  of  his  ac- 
tions since  he  came,  to  assert  that  he  is  as 
useful  and  popular  here  as  he  was  in  New- 
market, and  if  his  health  holds  out  for  a  few 
years  he  will  leave  the  impress  of  his  en- 
lightenment and  manly  character  on  the  in- 
habitants of  that  city. 

Ilcarii,  David  A.,  Barrister,  Arichat, 
M.P.P.  for  Richmond  county,  Nova  Scotia, 
was  born  in  Arichat,  N.S.,  on  the  14th  of 
February,  1853.  His  parents  were  James 
Hearn  and  Isabella  Campbell.  His  paternal 
grandfather  came  from  Waterford,  Ireland, 
and  settled  in  Newfoundland,  in  1817,  and 
removed  to  Arichat,  in  1822.  His  mother 
was  a  descendant  of  the  Campbells,  of  the 
Island  of  Coll,  Scotland.  David  received 
his  education  in  the  academy  at  Arichat, 
and  studied  law,  first  in  the  office  of  his 
brother,  James  H.  Hearn,  at  Sydney,  and 
afterwards  with  the  Hon.  Senator  William 
Miller.  He  read  up  at  the  Law  Library 
of  Halifax  for  four  months  previous  to  his 
final  examination,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  1878  ;  and  has  suc- 
cessfully carried  on  his  profession  at  Arichat 
ever  since.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  a 
school  commissioner,  and  still  occupies  the 
same  position.  In  1881  he  was  made  a  cen- 
sus commissioner  ;  and  in  1883  he  was  chief 
inspector  of  licenses  for  Richmond  county 
under  the  Liquor  License  Act,  passed  that 
year.  In  1882-3  he  filled  the  office  of  county 
solicitor,  and  in  the  following  year  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  municipal  council 
of  Richmond  county,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1886.  He  was  chiefly  instrumental  in  the 
council  in  having  steam  communication  re- 
newed at  Lennox  Passage.  He  also  suc- 
ceeded in  changing  the  system  of  assess- 
ment, so  as  to  equalise  the  burthen  of  taxa- 


226 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


tion  on  the  ratepayers  ;  and  also  inaugurated 
retrenchment  and  reform  in  the  council.  In 
1878  he  was  chief  organiser  for  the  Conser- 
vative party  in  Richmond  ;  but  refused  to 
recognise  H.  Paint  as  the  Conservative  can- 
didate in  1882  ;  and  again  in  1887  he  sup- 
ported E.  P.  Flynn,  the  Liberal  candidate 
for  the  House  of  Commons  at  Ottawa,  in 
preference  to  Mr.  Paint.  At  the  general 
election  of  1886  Mr.  Hearn  was  elected  to 
represent  the  county  of  Richmond  in  the 
Legislative  Assembly  of  Nova  Scotia.  His 
position  in  the  house  is  thoroughly  indepen- 
dent of  party,  and  he  thinks  there  should 
be  no  party  politics  in  the  local  legislature. 
He,  however,  believes  in  the  fiscal  and 
general  policy  of  the  Dominion  government. 
He  is  opposed  to  the  repeal  agitation  in 
Nova  Scotia  ;  is  in  favour  of  a  legislative 
union  of  the  Maritime  provinces  ;  abolition 
of  the  Legislative  Council,  and  approves  of 
manhood  suffrage.  In  politics  Mr.  Hearn 
may  be  classed  as  a  supporter  of  the  Con- 
servative party,  though  holding  advanced 
views  on  certain  questions  of  great  public 
moment.  In  religion  he  is  an  adherent  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  church.  He  was  mar- 
ried on  the  18th  August,  1879,  to  Elizabeth 
Ida,  eldest  daughter  of  Francis  Quinan,  of 
Sydney,  and  niece  of  the  Rev.  James  Quinan, 
of  Sydney,  John  Quinan  of  Mainadieu,  and 
the  Hon  Senator  Miller,  of  Arichat.  The 
fruit  of  this  marriage  has  been  one  child. 

Oirouarcl,  IK-*lrc-,  Q.  C. ,  D.  C.L. ,  M.  P. 
for  Jacques  Cartier,  residence  Quatre  Vents, 
Dorval,  Quebec  province,  was  born  at  St. 
Timothy,  county  of  Beauharnois,  on  the 
7th  July,  1836.  From  I'Abbe"  Tanguay's 
"  Dictionnaire  Ge'ne'alogique,"  it  is  learned 
that  he  is  a  descendant  of  Antoine  Girou- 
ard,  a  native  of  Riom,  Auvergne,  France, 
who  emigrated  to  Canada  about  1720,  and 
was  private  secretary  to  Chevalier  de  Rame- 
zay,  the  then  governor  of  Montreal.  Mr. 
Girouard  received  his  education  at  the  Mon- 
treal College,  and  graduated  in  law  at  McGill 
University,  where  he  obtained  the  degrees 
of  B.C.L.  and  D.C.L.  On  the  1st  of  Octo- 
ber, 1860,  he  was  called  to  the  bar,  and  in 
1876  was  made  a  Q.C.  As  a  law  writer,  Mr. 
Girouard  enjoys  a  well-earned  reputation, his 
first  work  being  an  "  Essai  sur  les  Lettres 
de  Change  et  Billets  Promissoires,"  which 
appeared  in  I860,  before  he  was  admitted  to 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  Of  this  produc- 
tion Chief  Justice  La  Fontaine  said : M '  I  have 
read  attentively  your  Essay  on  Bills  of  Ex- 
change, etc.,  and  I  take  pleasure  in  acknow- 
ledging that  you  have,  with  very  rare  talent, 
collected  all  that  could  possibly  be  written 


on  this  subject  which  could  interest  Lower 
Canada.  The  opinions  you  express  on  the- 
laws  relating  to  the  subject  and  on  the  de- 
cisions of  the  tribunals,  show  that  your 
essay  is  the  result  of  profound  study  on 
your  part.  Your  book  should  be  in  the 
hands  of  every  trade  and  business  man.  It 
would  certainly  be  of  great  benefit  to  them. 
It  will  also  be  very  useful  to  lawyers  and 
judges.  Permit  me  to  hope  that  your  book 
may  prove  to  you  a  sure  and  certain  guar- 
antee of  an  honourable  and  brilliant  career 
at  the  bar."  In  1865,  Mr.  Girouard  pub- 
lished an  "  Etude  sur  1'Acte  concernant  la> 
Faillite,"  which  he  afterwards  translated 
into  English  with  many  additions  ;  and  in 
1868  he  published  another  work  entitled 
"  Considerations  sur  les  lois  civiles  du  Ma- 
riage."  He  was  also  a  contributor  to  many 
publications  ;  and  in  conjunction  with  W.  H. 
Kerr,  another  leading  barrister,  founded 
La  Revue  Critique.  La  Revue  Critique  was 
founded  at  the  time  of  the  great  judicial 
crisis  of  1873-4,  the  members  of  the  Mon- 
treal bar  having  refused  to  appear  any 
longer  before  the  Court  of  Appeal,  so  great 
was  the  dissatisfaction  against  that  bench, 
when  it  was  reconstituted  in  1874  by  Justices 
Cross,  Tessier,  and  Ramsay,  under  the  presi- 
sidency  of  Chief  Justice  Dorion  ;  and  La 
Revue  Critique  was  then  allowed  to  drop 
out  of  existence.  Mr.  Giroua^d's  articles  on 
the  "Treaty  of  Washington,"  "  The  Indirect 
Alabama  Claims,"  "  Conflict  of  Commercial 
Prescriptions,"  etc.,  all  written  in  English, 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  press  both  on 
this  continent  and  in  Europe.  From  1858 
to  1860,  while  a  law  student,  Mr.  Girouard 
was  actively  connected  with  L'Institut  Ca- 
nadien  Frangais,  and  delivered  many  lec- 
tures at  the  hall  of  the  institute,  and  also 
at  the  Cabinet  de  Lecture  Paroissial.  These 
lectures  were  published  in  the  French 
daily  press  of  Montreal  at  the  time,  and 
highly  praised.  Among  these  may  be  par- 
ticularly mentioned  two  papers — "  La  Phi- 
losophic du  Droit,"  and  "  L'Excellence  des 
Mathe'matiques. "  While  spending  the  win- 
ter in  the  south,  in  1870,  he  contributed 
many  letters  on  Louisiana  and  New  Orleans 
to  La  Minerve.  In  1882  the  same  paper 
also  published  several  letters  of  Mr.  Girou- 
ard on  the  North- West,  and  very  recently, 
9th  July,  1887,  an  extensive  study  of  the 
Fishery  question.  Mr.  Girouard  has  al- 
ways maintained  a  high  position  as  an  in- 
telligent and  learned  advocate ;  hence  he  has 
often  been  retained  in  some  of  the  most  im- 
portant suits  which  have  been  brought  before 
the  courts  of  the  country  during  the  past  few 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


227 


years.  Among  politicians,  Mr.  Girouard  is 
known  as  an  able  debater.  He  first  entered 
the  political  arena  in  1872,  when,  at  the. so- 
licitation of  the  late  Sir  George  Etienne 
Cartier,  he  presented  himself  in  the  Con- 
servative interest  in  the  county  of  Jacques 
Cartier  against  no  less  an  adversary  than 
Rodolphe  Laflamme,  Q.C.,  who  enjoyed 
consideration,  prestige,  and  influence,  and 
was  defeated  by  forty-eight  votes.  In  1874 
the  latter  was  returned  by  acclamation, 
Mr.  Girouard  having  been  nominated  for 
Beauharnois,  in  which  county  he  was  de- 
feated through  the  nomination  of  a  third 
candidate.  In  1876,  he  was  requested  to 
oppose  the  Hon.  Mr.  Laflamme,  minister 
of  Inland  Revenue,  in  Jacques  Cartier,  and 
was  defeated  by  twenty-eight  votes.  In  1878 
he  was  again  solicited  to  present  himself 
against  his  old  opponent ;  and  it  was  at  first 
reported  that  he  had  been  defeated  by  four- 
teen votes,  but  on  a  recount  by  Justice 
Mackay,  he  was  declared  elected  by  two 
votes,  although  his  majority  was  really  over 
one  hundred,  as  it  was  afterwards  shown  in 
the  celebrated  St.  Anne's  ballot-box  case.  He 
was  again  returned  for  Jacques  Cartier  in 
1882,  and  at  the  last  general  election,  22nd 
February,  1887.  Mr.  Girouard  introduced  in 
the  House  of  Commons  the  Deceased  Wife's 
Sister  bill,  which  was  carried  in  1882  after 
a  prolonged  debate  and  a  strenuous  opposi- 
tion, especially  from  certain  adherents  to  the 
Church  of  England.  He  has  been  chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Privileges  and  Elec- 
tions during  the  last  and  present  parlia- 
ments. Although  one  of  the  staunchest 
supporters  of  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald,  he 
took  a  leading  part  in  the  movement  against 
the  execution  of  Riel,  on  the  ground  of  in- 
sanity, and  with  ten  or  twelve  other  French 
Conservative  members  constituted  for  a  time 
a  separate  group  of  the  Conservative  party, 
known  as  the  "Bolters."  His  letter  pub- 
lished November,  1885,  in  answer  to  the 
defence  of  the  government  by  Sir  Alexan- 
der Campbell,  was  published  by  all  the 
newspapers  in  Canada.  Mr.  Girouard  was 
married  for  the  first  time  to  Mathilde,  a 
daughter  of  the  well-known  and  much 
respected  merchant,  John  Pratt.  This  lady 
having  died,  he  again  married,  in  3865, 
this  time  an  American  lady,  Essie  Cranwill. 
sister  of  Samuel  Cranwill,  cotton  merchant, 
New  Orleans  and  St.  Louis.  She  died  in 
Montreal,  on  the  30th  June,  1879,  leaving 
five  children.  Mr  Cranwill  was  the  agent  in 
Montreal  for  the  Confederate  states  during 
the  civil  war.  The  eldest  of  Mr.  Girouard's 
sons,  Emile,  resides  in  Paris,  France,  where 


he  is  the  administrator  of  the  newspaper, 
Paris-Canada  ;  the  second,  Percy,  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  Royal  Military  College,  Kings- 
ton, is  an  engineer  ;  another,  Desire",  B.A. 
of  Laval  University,  has  just  been  admitted 
to  the  study  of  law  in  Montreal.  Mr.  Girou- 
ard married  a  third  time,  on  the  6th  Octo- 
ber, 1881,  Edith  Bertha  Beatty,  youngest 
daughter  of  Dr.  Beatty,  of  Cobourg,  Ont., 
and  has  two  sons  of  this  marriage. 

Stewart,  Oeo.,  jr.,  D.C.L.,  F.R.G.S., 
F.R.S.C.,  Editor  Morning  Chronicle,  Quebec. 
Among  Canadian  literateurs,  Geo.  Stewart, 
jr.,  has  fairly  won  for  himself  the  distin- 
guished position  and  reputation  he  enjoys, 
both  in  England  and  Canada,  as  a  man  of  let- 
ters, and  one  of  the  brilliant  literary  Jights 
of  which  our  dominion  is  so  justly  proud. 
Dr.  Stewart  was  born  November  26th, 
1848,  in  New  York  city,  and  at  an  early 
age  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  where  he  was  educa- 
ted. He  is,  comparatively  speaking,  a  young 
man,  to  be  the  recipient  of  so  many  favour- 
ed marks  of  recognition  by  societies  of  learn- 
ing for  his  valuable  contributions.  At  the 
early  age  of  sixteen  years  he  edited  a  little 
journal,  The  Stamp  Collector's  Gazette,  and 
two  years  later  published  Stewart's  Quarterly 
Magazine,  to  whose  support  he  brought  the 
pens  of  all  the  leading  writers  in  Canada. 
In  1878  Dr.  Stewart  accepted  the  editorship 
of  the  Rose- Bel  ford's  Canadian  Monthly,  and 
a  year  later  that  of  the  Quebec  Morning 
Chronicle*  which  latter  position  he  still 
holds.  It  is  owing  to  his  ability  and  talents 
that  this  paper  has  become  an  authority  on 
all  leading  Canadian  questions  of  the  day. 
He  was  elected,  in  1879,  a  member  of  the 
International  Literary  Congress  of  Europe 
— an  honour  conferred  on  no  other  Cana- 
dian,—and  having  the  celebrated  French 
veteran  writer,  Victor  Hugo,  for  president. 
The  few  Americans  similarly  distinguished 
were  Longfellow,  Bancroft,  Holmes,  Emer- 
son and  Whittier.  The  Royal  Geographical 
Society  has  bestowed  its  degree  of  Fellow 

Zn  Dr.  Stewart,  and  King's  University  of 
ra  Scotia  was  proud  to  grant  him  a  D.C.L. 
The  Royal  Society  of  Canada  elected  him,  at 
its  inauguration,  secretary  for  the  English 
section,  which  important  trust  he  still  re- 
tains ;  while  the  time-honoured  Literary  and 
Historical  Society  of  Quebec  has  three  times 
called  him  to  the  presidency.  He  has  been 
a  member  also  of  the  Council  of  the  Royal 
Society  since  its  second  year.  The  exclus- 
ive literary  club  of  London,  the  Athaeueum, 
admitted  him  an  honorary  member,  his 
sponsors  being  Matthew  Arnold  and  Lord 


228 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


^Tennyson.  His  principal  works  are  "  Even- 
ings in  the  Library,"  "  Canada  under  the 
Administration  of  the  Earl  of  Dufferin," 
nine  leading  papers  in  the  "Encyclopaedia 
Britannica,"  and  this  high  authority  names 
Dr.  Stewart  among  its  strongest  and  most 
brilliant  contributors  amid  a  galaxy  of  learn- 
•ed  and  world-renowned  names  ;  ' '  Frontenac 
and  his  times,"  in  Justin Winsor's" Analytical 
&nd  Critical  History  of  America,  and  "  The 
Story  of  the  Great  Fire  in  St.  John,  N.  B." 
He  is  also  the  author  of  several  articles  in 
"  Appleton's  Cyclopaedia  of  American  Bio- 
graphy," and  a  contributor  to  the  Scottish 
Review,  London  ;  Toronto  Week,  etc.,  etc. 
In  May  of  1878  the  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows  of  St.  John,  N.  B.,  presented 
him  with  a  handsome  and  very  valuable 
gold  watch  and  illuminated  address,  and  a 
public  dinner  was  given  him  by  the  citizens 
in  1872,  upon  his  retirement  from  the 
editorship  of  Stewart's  Quarterly.  In  style 
of  composition  Dr.  Stewart  is  graceful  and 
dignified.  His  historical  works  bear  the 
imprint  of  deep  research  and  careful  sum- 
marizing. Leading  English  and  American 
magazines  are  frequently  enriched  by  his 
articles,  which  are  eagerly  perused  by  the 
reading  and  deep -thinking  savants  of  our 
day.  Canada  is  proud  of  such  a  worthy 
literary  representative,  whose  genius  and 
versatile  abilities  make  him  the  rival  and 
equal  of  the  best  writers  the  old  world  can 
produce.  He  was  married  on  the  28th  of 
April,  1875,  to  Maggie  M.,  niece  qf  the  late 
E.  D.  Jewett,  of  Lancaster  Heights,  St. 
John,  N.  B. 

Ruel,  .laincN  Rhodes,  Collector  of 
Customs  and  Registrar  of  Shipping  at  the 
Port  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  was  born 
at  Pembridge  House,  Welsh  Newton,  Here- 
fordshire, England,  on  the  22nd  of  October, 
1820.  His  father  was  John  Godfrey  Ruel, 
a  lineal  descendant  of  the  famous  Dr. 
Johann  Riihl,  chancellor  of  the  Cardinal 
Archbishop  of  Mayntz,  the  Elector  Albert 
of  Brandenberg,  and  also  the  favoured  coun- 
cillor and  representative  of  Count  Manns- 
field  in  1540  at  the  Diet  of  Nuremberg, 
and  at  other  similar  assemblies.  Dr.  Riihl 
was  the  brother-in-law  of  Luther,  and  stood 
boldly  at  his  side  in  the  great  historic  inter- 
view with  Cardinal  Cajetan  at  Augsburg. 
His  devotion  on  this  occasion  drew  from 
Luther  the  promise  that  he  would  never  fail 
to  reciprocate  it  to  himself  and  to  his  child- 
ren. He  was  one  of  the  chief  and  most 
honoured  guests  at  the  great  Reformer's 
wedding,  a*nd  was  never  addressed  by  him 
but  with  the  profoundest  expressions  of  offi- 


cial respect  and  brotherly  affection.  They 
appear  to  have  lived  together  in  the  closest 
friendship.  The  family  was  of  senatorial 
rank  in  the  city  of  Heilbronn,  and  was  re- 
lated to  the  Counts  Fugger  of  Kirchberg  and 
Weissonhorn,  the  head  of  which  at  the  pres- 
ent time  is  the  Prince  of  Bj,benhausen,  who 
is  related  to  Queen  Victoria  through  the 
house  of  Hohenlohe  Langenburg.  By  a 
curious  coincidence  the  Counts  Fugger  acted 
as  the  bankers  of  the  Pope  for  the  sale  of 
those  very  indulgences  against  which'Luther 
had  opened  the  greatest  crusade  which  was 
ever  fought  in  Christendom.  Gottfried 
Rtiehl,  a  rich  and  distinguished  member  of 
the  family,  settled  in  London  about  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy  years  ago,  and  his  grand- 
son, John  Godfrey  Ruel,  was  born  there  ; 
educated  at  Harrow,  and  served  as  an  officer 
in  the  Royal  marines  in  H.  M.  S.  Thetis  and 
other  ships  with  considerable  distinction  un- 
til the  peace  in  1815.  He  married,  in  1817, 
Catherine  B.  Clery,  a  daughter  of  a  descen- 
dant of  a  French  count  of  that  name,  and 
came  to  New  Brunswick  in  1833  with  his 
family  of  six  sons  and  three  daughters. 
He  returned  to  England  in  1849,  and  died 
there  in  1852,  and  his  wife  in  April,  1 887, 
aged  98  years.  James  R.  Ruel,  his  second 
son,  was  educated  at  the  High  School  in 
Monmouth,  England,  and  at  the  Grammar 
School  in  St.  John,  N.  B.  He  entered  the 
service  of  the  city  corporation  in  the  com- 
mon clerk's  office  in  July,  1839,  and  became 
successively  deputy  common  clerk  and  clerk 
of  the  peace,  auditor  of  county  and  city 
accounts,  chamberlain  of  the  city,  and  on 
1st  November,  1870,  was  appointed  by  the 
Canadian  government  to  the  offices  he  now 
holds.  In  September,  1850,  he  was  associ- 
ated with  the  Rev.  Dr.  I.  W.  D.  Gray  in 
the  editorial  management  of  the  Church 
Witness,  a  newspaper  established  to  counter- 
act the  teaching  of  the  High  Church  party, 
and  in  1855  took  the  sole  management  of 
the  paper  until  its  publication  was  closed  in 
1864.  Previous  to  1845  he  had  espoused  the 
views  of  the  Tractarian  school,  and  was  an 
ardent  supporter  of  them,  but  finding  about 
that  time  that  they  were  not  in  accord 
either  with  the  scriptures,  or  the  doctrines 
of  the  great  teachers  in  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land of  the  Reformation  era,  he  abandoned 
them,  and  has  held  ever  since  with  a  firm 
grasp  the  doctrines  of  grace  as  taught  in  the 
Evangelical  school.  He  has  been  connected 
with  St.  John's  Church  since  October,  1833, 
and  on  its  erection  into  a  separate  parish  in 
1853,  he  was  elected  a  vestryman  and  vestry 
clerk,  and  has  been  one  of  the  wardens  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


229 


it  for  the  last  twenty  years.  On  the  occa- 
sion of  the  movement  for  the  confederation 
of  the  provinces,  he  was  chairman  of  the 
British  American  Association,  which  was 
formed  at  that  time  to  promote  it.  And  in 
all  questions  or  projects  to  advance  the  wel- 
fare of  the  city  of  St.  John  he  ever  took  a 
deep  interest.  He  married  in  1854  Harriet, 
a  daughter  of  John  Kinnear,  who  died  in 
1859,  leaving  no  issue  ;  and  in  1861,  Sophia 
M.,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Hugh  Johnston, 
by  whom  he  has  three  sons  and  one  daugh- 
ter now  living. 

Earle,  Sylve§ter  Zot>ie§ki,  M.D., 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at 
Kingston,  Kings  county,  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  7th  August,  1822.  His  parents  were 
Sylvester  and  Maria  Earle.  His  paternal 
grandfather  served  as  a  captain  in  the  royal 
army,  during  the  American  revolution,  and 
on  the  proclamation  of  peace  his  company 
being  disbanded,  he  came  to  New  Bruns- 
wick where  he  settled .  On  the  paternal  side 
Dr.  Earle  is  descended  from  John  Zobieski, 
King  of  Poland.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Kingston  Grammar  School,  and  then 
studied  medicine  under  the  celebrated  Doc- 
tors Valentine  Mott  and  Gunnay  L.  Bedford. 
He  graduated  from  the  University  of  New 
York,  in  1844,  and  afterwards  visited  the 
several  medical  schools  of  Great  Britain  and 
the  continent  of  Europe.  He  removed  to 
St.  John,  in  1864,  and  began  practice,  and 
shortly  afterwards  was  appointed  surgeon 
to  the  62nd  St.  John  volunteer  battalion, 
now  the  62nd  Royal  Fusiliers.  In  1845  he 
was  made  surgeon  to  the  Kingi  county 
militia ;  and  in  1846,  in  company  with  the 
late  Colonel  Saunders,  raised  the  A  troop 
of  cavalry,  which  formed  the  nucleus  of  the 
present  8th  cavalry,  "  Princess  Louise  Hus- 
sars." During  the  Fenian  raid  in  1866,  he 
was  on  active  service  with  his  regiment,  the 
Fusiliers,  at  St.  Andrews  and  at  Campo 
Bello,  and  retired  from  the  service  in  1875, 
holding  the  rank  of  major.  In  1867  he  was 
appointed  coroner  for  the  city  and  county 
of  St.  John,  and  this  office  he  still  holds. 
In  1877  Dr.  Earle  was  elected  mayor  of  the 
city  of  St.  John,  the  year  of  the  great  fire, 
and  as  a  reward  for  the  services  he  rendered 
on  that  trying  occasion,  was  re-elected  for 
another  term  by  acclamation.  He  occu- 
pied the  position  of  warden  of  the  city  and 
county  during  the  same  period  ;  and  in  1878 
he  was  made  a  justice  of  the  peace.  He  is 
a  commissioner  of  the  General  Public  Hospi- 
tal, and  a  member  of  the  St.  John  Board  of 
Health.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Ca- 
nada Medical  Association  since  its  forma- 


tion, and  is  now  its  vice-president ;  is  a 
past  president  of  the  New  Brunswick  Medi- 
cal Association  ;  is  president  of  the  New 
Brunswick  Medical  Council,  and  consult- 
ing physician  to  the  General  Public  Hospi- 
tal. He  belongs  to  both  the  Masonic  and 
Oddfellows'  orders,  and  occupies  high  posi- 
tions in  both  organizations.  The  doctor 
has  travelled  a  good  deal,  and*  is  familiar 
with  the  leading  cities  in  Europe  and  Ameri- 
ca. In  politics  he  is  Liberal- Conservative  ; 
and  in  religion  is  an  adherent  of  the  Epis- 
copal form  of  worship.  In  1847  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Catherine  McGill,  daughter  of  Cap- 
tain Allen  Otty,  R.N.,and  has  issue  four  sons 
and  two  daughters.  Thomas  J.  O.  Earle, 
M.D.,  is  practising  medicine  at  Young's 
Cove,  Queens  county ;  Allan  O.  A.,  barris- 
ter, practising  in  St.  John  ;  William  Z.,  divi- 
sional engineer,  Canadian  Pacific  Railroad  ; 
S.  Z.  Earle,  also  an  engineer  Canadian  Paci- 
fic Railway  ;  two  daughters,  Eliza  Crook- 
shank  and  Marie. 

Kennedy,  George  Thomas  M.A., 
B.A.Sc.,  F.G.S.,  Professor  of  Chemistry, 
Geology  and  Mining,  in  King's  College, 
Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  on  the  4th 
January,  1845,  in  the  city  of  Montreal, 
Quebec  province.  His  father  was  the  late 
William  Kennedy,  builder,  who  was  born 
in  York,  Yorkshire,  England,  on  May  21, 
1790,  and  died  in  Montreal,  October  22, 1855. 
His  mother,  Ann  Evans,  was  a  native  of 
Shrewsbury,  Shropshire,  England,  born  3rd 
April,  1800,  and  died  in  Montreal,  13th 
August,  1870.  This  couple  were  brought 
up  as  members  of  the  Church  of  England, 
and  were  married  by  the  late  Dean  Bethune, 
of  Montreal,  and  their  children  christened 
by  the  same  clergyman  ;  but  they  afterwards 
joined  the  Congregational  body,  and  the 
family  were  brought  up  in  that  church.  This 
worthy  couple  had  a  large  family,  five  of 
whom  still  survive,  two  sisters  and  three 
brothers.  The  sons  are,  George  Thomas,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  ;  William,  a  retired 
builder,  who  from  1873  to  1876  sat  as  alder- 
man in  the  city  council  of  Montreal ,  and  is 
at  present  (1887)  a  member  of  the  same  body, 
and  also  holds  a  commission  as  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  Montreal  Engineers ;  and  Rich- 
ard A.,  M.A.,  M.D.C.M.,  who  is  a  practis- 
ing physician  in  Montreal.  He  is  also  emer- 
itus professor  of  obstetrics  and  diseases 
of  children  in  Bishop's  College,  Lennox- 
ville,  and  consulting  physician  to  the  Mon- 
treal Dispensary,  physician  to  the  Western 
Hospital,  etc.,  Montreal.  Professor  Ken- 
nedy was  educated  in  Montreal,  first  at  a 
private  school,  then  at  the  Church  Colonial 


230 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


School,  and  at  the  McGill  Model  and  High 
schools.  He  then  entered  the  arts  depart- 
ment of  McGill  University,  in  September, 
1864,  and  graduated  B.A.,  with  first  rank 
honours  in  geology  and  natural  science,  in 
May,  1868.  During  the  winter  of  1869-70  he 
attended  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  in 
connection  with  Yale  College,  New  Haven, 
U.S.,  and  whilst  in  Ne  wHaven  he  took  aselect 
course  of  post  graduate  studies,  including 
practical  chemistry,  mineralogy,  mining,  as- 
saying, German,  etc.  After  his  return  home 
in  the  winter  of  1870  71,  he  became  assist 
ant  to  Sir  J.  William  Dawson,  LL.D.,  F.R.S., 
in  the  chemical  laboratory  and  museum  of 
McGill  College.  In  the  fall  of  1871,  Mr. 
Kennedy  entered  as  a  graduate  student  in 
the  applied  science  department  of  McGill, 
and  in  May  following  received  the  degree  of 
M.A.  (in  course).  In  May,  1873,  he  gradu- 
ated B.A.Sc.  in  civil  and  mechanical  engi- 
neering in  the  same  college.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1873  he  was  elected  professor  of 
chemistry  and  natural  science  by  the  gover- 
nors of  Acadia  College,  Wolfville,  N.S.,  and 
in  October  of  the  following  year  entered 
upon  these  duties.  In  1881  he  resigned  the 
chair  of  chemistry  in  Acadia  College  ;  and 
in  the  fall  of  1882,  the  chair  of  chemistry 
and  geology  in  King's  College,  Windsor, 
Nova  Scotia,  becoming  vacant,  he  was  offer- 
ed the  position  by  the  late  Dr.  Binney, 
bishop  of  Nova  Scotia,  president  of  the 
Board  of  Governors,  which  he  accepted,  and 
entered  upon  his  duties  in  January,  1883. 
In  the  spring  of  1885,  when  the  teaching 
staff  of  the  college  was  re-organized,  Mr. 
Kennedy  was  re-appointed  to  the  same  pro- 
fessorship. On  the  20th  June,  1887,  the 
governors  of  the  college  elected  him  vice- 
president  of  the  institution.  In  1883  he  was 
appointed  librarian  and  scientific  curator  of 
the  college  museum,  both  of  which  positions 
he  still  holds.  In  November,  1876,  Profes- 
sor Kennedy  was  elected  an  associate  mem- 
ber of  the  Nova  Scotia  Institute  of  Natural 
Science  ;  in  August,  1880,  a  member  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science  ;  in  December,  1883,  a  Fellow  of 
the  Geological  Society  of  London,  Britain  ; 
in  August,  1884,  a  member  of  the  British 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
and  before  leaving  Montreal  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  both  the  Natural  History  and  the 
Microscopical  Societies  of  that  city.  In  the 
summer  of  1869,  Dr.  G.  M.  Dtwson,  F.G.S., 
of  the  Canadian  Geological  Survey,  and  Pro- 
fessor Kennedy  assisted  Sir  J.  W.  Dawson 
in  the  geological  examination  of  the  Devo- 
nian rocks  of  Gaspe  Bay.  And  during  a 


portion  of  the  summer  of  1871,  in  company 
withJ.  F.  Whiteaves,  F.R.S.,  palaeontolo- 
gist of  the  Canadian  Government  Survey, 
the  professor  also  assisted  in  dredging,  in  the 
Canadian  government  schooner,  for  marine 
life  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  During 
the  summer  of  1832,  Professor  Kennedy 
commenced  dredging  the  Basin  of  Minas, 
Nova  Scotia,  with  the  view  of  studying  the 
marine  life  in  that  basin;  and  the  work  he 
is  still  carrying  on.  For  several  years  past, 
as  time  permits,  he  has  been  examining  the 
geology  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  has  also  found 
time  to  contribute  a  series  of  articles  to  our 
scientific  papers  and  magazines.  He  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Episcopal  church.  Oil  the 
17th  July,  1878,  he  was  married  to  Emma, 
daughter  of  John  D.  Longard,  of  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia. 

Adam§,  Hon.  Michael,  Barrister, 
Newcastle,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at 
Douglastown, Northumberland  county, N.B., 
on  the  13th  August,  1845.  His  parents 
were  Samuel  Adams  and  Mary  Ann  Adams, 
who  were  both  natives  of  Cork,  Ireland,  and 
emigrated  to  this  country.  Mr.  Adams  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  common  school 
of  the  place  of  his  birth.  Having  chosen 
law  as  a  profession,  he  entered  the  law 
office  of  Hon.  E.  Williston  in  1864,  and  con- 
tinued to  study  under  this  gentleman  until 
1867,  when  he  entered  with  the  Hon.  Allan 
A.  Dawson,  and  in  1869  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  New  Brunswick.  The  following 
year,  1870,  he  presented  himself  as  a  candi- 
date for  parliamentary  honours,  and  was 
elected  to  represent  Northumberland  in  the 
New  Brunswick  legislature.  At  the  next 
genera1  e^ction  he  again  offered  himself  for 
election,  but  the  education  question  being 
before  the  county,  and  he  being  a  strong 
supporter  of  the  separate  school  system,  he 
was  defeated  by  about  two  hundred  votes. 
Again,  in  1878,  he  came  before  the  elector- 
ate, and  was  returned  by  his  old  constitu- 
ency ;  and  in  June  of  the  same  year  he  was 
made  a  member  of  the  government,  with 
the  portfolio  of  surveyor  general.  This 
necessitated  another  appeal  to  his  consti- 
tuents, when  he  was  elected  by  acclamation. 
This  office  he  held  until  1882,  when  a  gen- 
eral election  took  place  and  he  was  once  more 
returned  to  parliament.  In  1883,  the  gov- 
ernment, of  which  he  was  a  member,  having 
suife  ed  a  d  'feat  on  a  non  confi  lence  motion, 
he  and  his  friends  retired  from  office.  At 
the  general  election  held  in  1886,  the  Hon. 
Mr.  Adams  was  again  returned  ;  and  in  1887 
he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  local  assembly  to 
contest  the  county  of  Northumberland,  in 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


231 


the  interests  of  the  Liberal-Conservative 
party,  against  the  Hon.  Peter  Mitchell,  an 
Independent  Liberal,  and  was  defeated. 
Since  then  Mr.  Adams  has  been  attending 
to  his  professional  business,  which  is  large 
and  claims  nearly  all  his  attention.  Hon. 
Mr.  Adams  visited  Leadville,  Colorado, 
soms  years  ago,  in  the  interest  of  a  silver 
mining  property  partly  owned  by  his 
brother,  Samuel  Adams,  who  is  now  State 
Senator  for  Colorado,  and  another,  John  J. 
Adams,  United  States  Congressman  for  the 
city  of  New  York,  and  who  has  a  large  in- 
terest in  the  Adams  Manuf  tcturing  Com- 
pany. As  will  be  seen,  Hon.  Mr.  Adams  is 
a  Liberal-Conservative  in  politics,  has  work- 
ed hard  for  his  party,  and  we  have  no  doubt 
that  at  no  distant  day  he  will  be  found  in 
the  House  of  Commons  at  Ottawa.  He  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church. 
HJ  was  married  in  1869  to  Catherine  L. 
Patterson,  who  died  in  1881.  He  was 
married  again  on  29th  November  to  Miss 
Nealis,  daughter  of  Simon  Nealis,  Frede- 
ricton,  New  Brunswick. 

Stephen,  Sir  George,  Baronet,  Mont- 
real, President  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Rail- 
way of  Canada,  was  born  at  Duff  town,  Banff, 
Scotland,  on  the  5th  of  June,  1829,  and 
received  his  education  in  the  parish  school 
of  his  native  place.  On  leaving  school  at 
the  age  of  fourteen,  he  was  apprenticed  to 
the  late  Alexander  Sinclair,  draper  and 
dealer  in  dry  goods  in  Aberdeen.  After 
serving  the  usual  apprenticeship  of  four 
years,  he  entered  the  service  of  the  well- 
known  wholesale  and  shipping  house  of  J. 
F.  Pawson  &  Co.,  of  S-.  Paul's  Church 
Yard,  London,  where  his  business  education 
was  completed.  In  1850  he  came  to  Cana- 
da, and  entered  the  service  of  his  cousin, 
the  late  William  Stephen,  of  Montreal,  with 
whom,  in  1853,  he  formed  a  partnership 
under  the  style  of  William  Stephen  &  Co. 
Mr.  Stephen  having  died  in  18G2,  George 
purchased  his  late  friend's  interest  in  the 
business,  and  at  once  entered  largely  into  the 
manufacture  of  cloth.  This  venture  having 
proved  highly  remunerative,  he  withdrew 
from  the  wholesale  trade,  and  devoted  his 
attention  exclusively  to  this  branch  of  busi- 
ness. He  was  elected  a  director  of  the  Bank 
of  M  mtreal,  the  largest  banking  institution 
in  Canada  ;  and  in  1376,  on  the  retirement  of 
Mr.  King  from  the  presidency,  he  was  chosen 
vice-president.  On  the  death  of  the  late 
David  Torrance  he  was  elected  president. 
Sir  George  Stephen's  first  connection  with 
railway  enterprises,  and  with  which  his  name 
will  always  be  connected  in  the  annals  of  our 


country,  was  his  joining  a  syndicate  for  the 
purchase  of  the  interests  of  the  Dutch  holders 
of  the  bonds  of  the  St .  Paul  and  Pacific  Rail- 
way, which  gave  them  control  of  this  partially 
constructed  line.  Realising  the  importance 
of  this  road  as  a  link  in  the  chain  of  railway 
communication  with  the  North- West  via  the 
Pembina  branch  of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway,  they  carried  the  work  of  construc- 
tion rapidly  forward,  and  soon  found  them- 
selves in  possession  of  an  exceedingly  pro- 
fitable line.  They  were  in  a  position  to 
control  not  only  the  entire  traffic  of  the 
Canadian  North- West,  but  to  render  tribu- 
tary a  large  part  of  Minnesota  and  Dakota. 
The  large  profits  made  from  this  monopoly 
they  devoted  to  extending  the  sphere  of 
their  operations  by  constructing  lines  in 
various  directions,  making  St.  Paul  the  focal 
point  of  this  system,  and  re- naming  their 
line-  the  St.  Paul  and  Manitoba  Railway. 
This  led  to  Sir  George's  connection  with  our 
great  national  line,  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway,  and  in  1381  he  was  elected  its 
president.  In  1885,  in  conjunction  with  his 
cousin,  Sir  Donald  A.  Smith,  he  founded  the 
"Montreal  Scholarship,"  tenable  for  three 
years,  and  open  to  the  residents  of  Mont- 
real and  its  neighbourhood,  in  the  Royal 
College  of  Music  of  London  ;  and  again  in 
1887  he  joined  his  cousin  in  presenting  the 
munificent  sum  of  $1,000,000  ($500,000 
each)  to  build  a  new  hospital,  to  be  calle'd 
the  Victoria  Hospital,  at  the  present  time 
(1887)  in  course  of  erection.  In  1885  the 
government  of  Canada  presented  him  with 
the  Confederation  medal,  and  in  1886 
H^r  M.tjesty  the  Queen  created  him  a 
baronet,  in  recognition  of  his  great  ser- 
vices in  connection  with  the  Canadian  Pa- 
cific Railway.  Though  married,  he  has 
no  family  of  his  own  to  inherit  his  great- 
wealth  and  honours.  A  few  years  ago  his 
adopted  daughter  was  united  in  marriage  to 
the  son  of  Sir  Stafford  Northcote,  and  re- 
sides in  England.  Sir  George  is  one  of  the 
most  popular,  charitable  and  kind-hearted 
men  in  the  dominion. 

Harper,  J.  M.,  M.  A.,  Ph.D.,  F.E.I. S., 
Quebec,  the  subject  of  the  following  biogra- 
phical sketch,  was  born  on  the  10th  Febru- 
ary, 1845,  at  Johnstone,  in  Renfrewshire, 
Scotland.  Dr.  Harper  is  the  son  of  the  late 
Robert  M.  Harper,  printer,  bookseller  and 
publisher,  of  Johnstone,  and  founder  of  the 
first  weekly  newspaper  printed  in  that  place. 
On  the  maternal  side,  he  is  of  Celtic  origin. 
His  granduncle,  the  late  Robert  Montgom- 
ery, was  for  many  years  a  prominent  manu- 
facturer in  Johnstone,  where  he  was  held  in 


232 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


high  esteem  by  his  fellow  citizens.  John- 
stone  forms  part  of  the  Paisley  Abbey  par- 
ish, a  district  famous  for  its  schools,  and 
it  was  at  one  of  the  best  of  tl  ose  that  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education.  From  the  parish  school 
he  went  to  the  Glasgow  E.  C.  Training  Col- 
lege, an  institution  founded  by  Stowe,  and 
one  from  which  America  has  drawn  several 
prominent  educationists.  He  'entered  col- 
lege as  a  Queen's  scholar  of  the  first  rank, 
and  after  completing  the  full  course  of  study, 
retired  with  the  highest  certificates  granted 
by  the  lords  of  committee  of  Council  on 
Education,  and  with  special  certificates  from 
the  science  and  art  department,  Kensing- 
ton. After  coming  to  this  country,  he  be- 
came a  graduate  of  Queen's  University, 
Kingston,  and  some  years  ago  he  received 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  from 
the  Illinois  University,  after  completing  the 
three  years  postgraduate  course  in  the  sec- 
tion of  metaphysical  science.  In  1881  he 
was  unanimously  elected  a  fellow  of  the 
Educational  Institute  of  Scotland,  an  honour 
seldom  conferred  upon  teachers  labouring 
outside  of  Britain,  and  only  upon  those  of 
advanced  experience.  Before  leaving  Scot- 
land he  had  received  an  appointment  to  an 
academy  in  New  Brunswick,  where  he  la- 
boured successfully  for  the  full  term  of  his 
engagement.  After  several  years  residence 
in  the  Maritime  provinces,  he  was  eventu- 
ally appointed  principal  of  the  Victoria  and 
High  Schools,  St.  John,  N.B.,  the  largest 
institution  of  the  kind  in  that  section  of 
Canada.  Here,  as  elsewhere,  he  laboured 
to  raise  the  teaching  profession  in  the  esti- 
mation of  the  public,  and  endeavoured  to 
foster  an  esprit  de  corps  among  the  teachers 
themselves.  He  succeeded  in  introducing 
many  of  the  improved  methods  of  imparting 
instruction  by  holding  meetings  with  the 
teachers,  and  otherwise  followed  up  his 
efforts  in  this  direction  by  giving  instruction 
in  drawing,  chemistry,  botany,  and  kindred 
subjects.  In  1877  the  Hon.  L.  H.  Davies, 
premier  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  visited 
the  educational  institutions  of  St.  John,  and 
meeting  with  the  principal  of  the  Victoria 
School,  was  not  slow  in  recognizing  his  worth 
as  an  educationist.  After  carefully  exam- 
ining the  system  under  which  the  St.  John 
schools  were  being  conducted,  and  no  doubt 
anxious  to  introduce  such  a  system  in  his 
own  province,  he  invited  Dr.  Harper  to  ac- 
cept the  position  of  superintendent  of  Edu- 
cation in  Prince  Edward  Island.  This 
generous  offer,  however,  was  declined,  as 
the  head  master  of  the  Victoria  School  had 


no  desire  to  leave  his  adopted  province. 
But  not  long  after,  the  Victoria  School 
building  was  destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of 
St.  John,  and,  on  hearing  of  the  calamity, 
Mr.  Davies  followed  up  his  previous  offer 
by  asking  Dr.  Harper  to  rssume  the  princi- 
palship  of  the  Provincial  Normal  School  in 
Charlottetown.  This  the  latter  did,  but 
only  on  the  understanding  that  he  would  be 
free  to  return  to  St.  John  as  soon  as  the 
Victoria  School  was  rebuilt.  While  on  the 
island  the  value  of  his  work  was  at  once 
keenly  appreciated.  In  a  letter  written  by 
the  premier,  in  which  he  gives  expression 
to  the  general  sentiment  of  the  public  in  re- 
gard to  educational  progress  on  the  island, 
he  says  :  "  As  a  matter  of  fact,  Mr.  Harper 
organized  the  whole  school.  What  existed 
under  the  name  of  Normal  School  was 
merely  a  name.  He  infused  life  and  vita- 
lity into  it.  The  bitterness  of  religious 
strife  was  such  when  he  took  charge  as  to 
defy  all  attempts  to  make  the  school  in  any 
sense  a  provincial  one.  By  tact  and  judi- 
cious management,  he  succeeded  in  over- 
coming all  that,  and  under  his  rule  the 
school  has  been  a  great  success.  Intimately 
connected  with  him  as  I  was  for  nearly  two 
years,  I  can  speak  of  his  ability,  tact,  and 
administrative  power,  because  he  was,  in 
addition  to  being  principal  of  the  Normal 
School,  also  superintendent  of  the  city 
schools.  He  succeeded  in  carrying  out  the 
difficult  task  of  grading  Protestant  and  Ca- 
tholic children  in  the  schools,  so  that  entire- 
satisfaction  was  given  to  the  citizens.  I 
consider  the  province  owes  him  a  debt  of 
gratitude  for  his  successful  labours."  Nor 
is  the  testimony  of  others  less  explicit. 
"Mr.  Harper,"  says  the  Rev.  Mr.  McLen- 
nan, "has  occupied  for  some  time  the  posi- 
tion of  principal  of  the  Normal  School  of 
this  province,  and  of  superintendent  of  the 
city  schools,  having  been  invited  to  occupy 
these  offices  by  the  government  for  the  pur- 
pose of  establishing  a  system  of  training, 
organization  and  equipment  suitable  to  give 
effect  to  a  Public  School  Act,  passed  by  the 
legislature  in  1877.  The  high  reputation 
which  he  enjoyed  as  a  teacher  and  writer 
on  school  affairs — the  influential  situation 
he  was  filling  at  the  time  as  principal  of  the 
Victoria  School,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick, 
and  the  recommendation  of  prominent  edu- 
cationists who  were  acquainted  with  his 
career,  pointed  him  cut  as  eminently  fitted 
for  the  position  offered  to  him  in  Prince 
Edward  Island.  The  heavy  task  which  he 
undertook  was  performed  with  vigour,  abil- 
ity, and  acknowledged  success.  The  condi- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


233 


tion  of  the  city  schools,  in  point  of  organi- 
zation and  methods  of  instruction,  was  soon 
brought  into  conformity  with  that  which 
characterizes  the  best  public  schools  in  other 
provinces.  *A  superior  public  edifice  was 
constructed  at  a  cost  of  $30,000  ;  while  in 
the  Normal  School  the  work  of  instruction 
and  training,  conducted  more  immediately 
by  himself,  gave  indications  of  the  value  of 
that  special  work,  virtually  new  in  this  pro- 
vince." At  the  end  of  a  year  or  more,  when 
Dr.  Harper  proposed  to  return  to  St.  John, 
the  government  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
being  anxious  to  continue  the  work  of  edu- 
cational progress  so  successfully  inaugurated, 
put  forth  every  effort  to  induce  him  to  re- 
sign his  position  in  New  Brunswick,  and  to 
take  up  his  abode  permanently  in  Charlotte- 
town.  After  some  delay  they  succeeded, 
and  for  three  years  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
became  a  resident  of  the  island,  holding 
during  the  last  year  of  his  residence,  when 
a  change  of  government,  in  1879,  brought 
about  the  amalgamation  of  the  Normal 
School  and  the  Prince  of  Wales  College, 
the  position  of  professor  in  the  amalgamated 
institution,  with  special  supervision  of  the 
department  for  the  training  of  teachers. 
Beyond  his  professional  reputation,  how- 
ever, Dr.  Harper  has  not  failed  to  make  his 
mark  as  a  gentleman  of  matured  literary 
tastes.  From  his  earliest  years  he  has  taken 
a  deep  interest  in  literature  and  literary 
pursuits.  In  Nova  Scotia  he  took  an  active 
part  in  establishing  a  literary  periodical, 
devoted  at  its  inception  to  the  cultivation 
of  Canadian  literature,  and  has  continued 
more  or  less  frequently  to  contribute  to  our 
periodical  literature  in  prose  and  verse. 
Many  of  his  lyrics  have  been  highly  praised, 
while  some  of  his  poems  in  the  Scottish  dia- 
lect merit  a  prominent  place  in  the  literature 
of  his  native  country.  He  also  enjoys  a 
reputation  of  some  distinction  as  a  writer 
and  compiler  of  school  text-books,  and  is 
the  author  of  several  excellent  lectures,  in- 
cluding "  Plato,"  "  The  New  Education," 
"  Cause  and  Effect  in  School  Work,"  and 
others.  The  Literary  and  Historical  Society 
of  Quebec  is  indebted  to  him  for  two  valu- 
able papers,  published  in  the  Transactions, 
and  entitled,  "The  Maritime  Provinces/' 
and  "  The  Development  of  the  Greek 
Drama."  He  is  also  a  contributor  to  the 
Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Canada. 
For  many  years  Dr.  Harper  was  rector  of 
the  Quebec  High  School,  and  for  a  season 
was  also  professor  of  mathematics  in  Morin 
College.  At  present  he  holds  the  position  of 
inspector  of  Superior  schools  for  the  pro- 


vince of  Quebec,  being,  besides,  editor  of 
the  Educational  Record,  examiner  for  teach- 
ers' licenses,  and  secretary-treasurer  of  the 
Protestant  Board  of  School  Commissioners. 
He  is  also  president  of  the  teachers'  local 
association  ;  vice- president  of  the  Provincial 
Association  of  Teachers  ;  vice-president  of 
the  Quebec  Literary  and  Historical  Society, 
and  president  of  the  St.  Andrew's  Society. 
In  the  rank  of  progressive  educationists,  Dr. 
Harper  occupies  a  prominent  place.  Few 
can  show  a  fuller  record  of  honest  work  done 
in  the  interests  of  education  in  Canada. 
Indeed,  he  has  always  been  most  ready  to 
lend  his  experience,  professional  training, 
and  literary  ability  to  advance  the  interests 
of  a  calling  which  is  now  being  universally 
recognized  as  second  in  importance  to  no 
other.  He  was  married  to  Agnes,  daughter 
of  William  Kirk  wood,  of  Stanley  Muir,  Pais- 
ley, by  whom  he  has  had  two  sons  and  five 
daughters.  Mrs.  Harper  died  in  1883. 

Lyall,  Rev.  William,  LL.D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Logic  and  Psychology  in  Dalhousie 
University,  Halifax,  is  a  Scotchman  by  birth t 
having  been  born  in  Paisley,  on  the  llth  of 
June,  1811.  He  received  his  primary  edu- 
cation in  the  Paisley  Academy,  then  studied 
in  the  Glasgow  College,  and  afterwards  spent 
two  years  in  the  Edinburgh  University.  He 
adopted  the  ministerial  profession,  and  was 
minister  for  some  time  of  the  Free  Church 
(Presbyterian),  Uphall,  Linlithgow.  He 
came  to  Toronto,  Ontario,  in  1848,  and  took 
a  position  as  tutor  in  Knox  College  of  that 
city.  Two  years  afterwards,  in  1850,  he  re- 
moved to  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  receiving 
the  appointment  of  professor  of  classics  and 
mental  philosophy  in  the  Free  Church  Col- 
lege there.  In  1860,  on  the  union  of  the 
Free  and  United  Presbyterian  churches  in 
Nova  Scotia,  he  held  the  same  office  in  the 
united  colleges  at  Truro.  In  1863,  when 
the  Collegiate  Institution  was  amalgamated 
with  Dalhousie  College,  he  was  appointed 
to  the  professorship  of  Logic  and  Psychol- 
ogy in  the  Dalhousie  University,  Halifax^ 
and  this  position  he  has  continued  to  fill 
ever  since.  Professor  Lyall  has  contributed 
several  papers  on  theological  and  philosoph- 
ical subjects  to  Canadian  and  foreign  re- 
views. In  1855,  he  published  a  volume  on 
philosophy  entitled  "Intellect,  the  Emo- 
tions, and  the  Moral  Nature,"  which  was 
very  favourably  noticed  by  the  reviewers  at 
the  time,  and  which  he  has  used  as  a  text- 
book in  his  prelections  ever  since.  In  1864 
he  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Mc- 
Gill  University,  Montreal.  He  is  evangeli- 
cal in  his  religious  views. 


234 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Jolin§ton,  Cha§.  Hazcn  Levinge, 

M.D.,  L.R.C.S.,  Edinburgh,  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  was  born  at  St.  John  on  the 
21st  December,  1843.  He  is  the  youngest 
and  only  surviving  son  of  the  late  John 
Johnston,  who  was  a  graduate  of  King's 
college,  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  barrister-at- 
law,  member  of  parliament  for  the  city  of 
St.  John,  and  for  many  years  police  magis- 
trate for  the  same  place  ;  and  grandson  of 
Hugh  Johnston,  sr.,  who  settled  in  New 
Brunswick,  in  1783,  became  one  of  the  lead- 
ing merchants  of  St.  John,  and  for  seven- 
teen years  consecutively  represented  that 
city  and  county  in  the  legislature.  This 
gentleman  was  married  to  Margaret  Thur- 
burn,  a  Scotch  lady,  and  a  member  of  a 
very  old  family  in  Roxburgshire.  Charles 
H.  L.  Johnston,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
received  his  education  at  the  Grammar 
School  in  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  King's 
College,  Aberdeen,  and  at  the  University  of 
Edinburgh,  Scotland.  After  his  return  to 
St.  John  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion, and  during  the  Fenian  disturbance  on 
the  border,  acted  as  assistant  surgeon  to  the 
militia  forces.  During  1876  he  occupied 
the  position  of  surgeon  to  the  Marine  Hos- 
pital. Dr.  Johnston  joined  the  order  of 
Masons  in  1872,  and  became  worshipful 
master  of  Leinster  lodge,  No.  19,  in  1876. 
He  has  travelled  a  good  deal  in  Britain  and 
on  the  continent  of  Europe,  and  has  pro- 
fited professionally  a  good  deal  thereby. 
He  has  always  belonged  to  the  Episcopal 
church.  On  June  30th,  1886  he  married 
Julia  Augusta  Barrett. 

Mercier,  Hon.  Honore,  Premier  of 
the  Province  of  Quebec. — Among  contem- 
porary Canadian  statesmen,  a  foremost 
place  must  be  assigned  to  the  present  pre- 
mier of  the  province  of  Quebec.  The  Hon. 
Honore  Mercier  is  not  only  a  man  of  mark 
by  reason  of  his  position  at  the  head  of  the 
government  of  one  of  the  most  important 
provinces  of  the  Canadian  confederation, 
but  he  is  a  remarkable  man  in  every  sense 
of  the  term.  Speaking  of  him  some  years 
ago,  while  he  was  yet  in  opposition  and 
little  known  beyond  the  limits  of  his  own 
province,  an  eminent  public  writer  said: — 
"He  is  certainly  a  man  of  much  promise  on 
whom  this  country,  quite  as  much  as  any 
party,  can  build  hopes  of  great  usefulness." 
This  estimate  is  being  daily  realized.  The 
great  central  figure  in  a  new  regime  which 
commands  the  confidence  and  sympathy  of 


an  ever  increasing  parliamentary  and  pop- 
ular majority  in  the  province  of  Quebec, 
Mr.  Mercier  already  fills  a  great  space  also 
in  the  eyes  and  hopes  of  the  Canadian  peo- 

Ele  as  a  whole.  His  fame  as  a  popular 
»ader,  as  a  man  of  rare  energy  and  ability, 
and  as  an  exceptionally  bold  and  successful 
political  tactician,  is  no  longer  merely  local. 
Within  a  remarkably  brief  period,  it  has 
extended  all  over  the  dominion,  and  his 
name  is  now  almost  as  familiar  from  Hali- 
fax to  Vancouver  as  that  of  Sir  John  A. 
Macdonald,  whom  he  is  said  to  resemble  in 
many  respects  as  a  strategist  and  a  parlia- 
mentary athlete  of  the  first  rank.  From 
comparative  provincial  obscurity,  he  has 
sprung  into  a  general  prominence  and  im- 
portance with  a  rapidity  almost  without 
parallel  in  Canadian  history.  This  circum- 
stance is  not  so  much  due  to  his  surprising 
success  as  the  head  and  front  of  the  great 
so-called  national  movement  in  the  province 
of  Quebec  which  followed  the  execution  of 
Riel,  and  obliterated  to  a  large  extent  much 
of  the  old  party  lines  there,  as  to  the  bold 
and  original  stand  which  he  has  taken  in 
defence  of  provincial  rights  and  interests; 
and  which  has  identified  him,  so  to  speak, 
with  the  cause  of  all  the  provinces  of  the 
Canadian  confederation,  against  what  are 
termed  the  encroachments  and  centralizing 
tendencies  of  the  federal  power.  The  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  is  a  striking  example  of 
what  can  be  achieved  by  natural  talent,  in- 
domitable energy  and  force  of  character, 
coupled  with  political  sagacity  of  a  high 
order,  and  a  ready  appreciation  of  men  and 
opportunity.  After  the  provincial  elections 
of  1881,  it  seemed  as  if  the  Liberal  party 
in  Quebec  had  been  irretrievably  beaten. 
They  had  been  literally  swept  from  the  polls 
throughout  the  entire  province,  and  muster- 
ed only  fifteen  representatives  in  the  House 
of  Assembly.  It  is  beyond  our  purview  to 
discuss  the  means  by  which  this  result,  as 
well  as  the  party's  disaster  at  the  federal 
elections  in  the  following  year,  came  about. 
Suffice  it  to  say  that  the  cause  seemed  hope- 
lessly lost,  and  that  the  Conservatives  ap- 
peared to  have  tightened  their  hold  more 
firmly  than  ever  on  the  province  of-  Quebec, 
which  had  so  long  been  the  sheet-anchor  of 
Toryism  in  Canada.  Even  the  most  ardent 
Liberals,  the  most  persevering  champions 
of  the  party,  were  discouraged,  and  if  they 
continued  the  fight,  it  was  more  out  of  a 
sense  of  patriotism  and  for  the  honour  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


235 


old  flag  than  with  any  hope  of  victory,  near 
or  remote.  There  was  one  of  the  number, 
however,  who  did  not  despair  at  this  dark 
hour  of  the  party's  fortunes.  This  man  was 
the  Hon.  Honore  Mercier.  With  undaunted 
courage,  with  wondrous  tenacity  of  purpose 
and  implicit  confidence  in  the  future,  he  be- 
gan the  work  of  reorganization  on  the  very 
morrow  of  defeat  The  task  of  collecting 
the  scattered  elements  of  the  party  and  of 
leading  them  to  victory  seemed  a  herculean 
if  not  an  impossible  one  to  accomplish. 
But  Mr.  Mercier  did  not  falter  in  it,  and  in 
the  short  space  of  four  years  he  successfully 
achieved  what,  under  other  circumstances, 
would  have  taken  at  least  a  quarter  of  a 
century.  Under  his  skilful  leadership  the 
vanquished  of  1879  and  1881  have  become 
the  victors,  and  Mr.  Mercier  now  reigns  su- 
preme in  the  province  of  Quebec.  Through- 
out his  whole  career  he  seems  to  have  been 
actuated  by  two  grand  ideas,  one  of  which 
was  to  enlarge  his  policy  and  the  basis  of 
his  party,  to  close  up  the  breaches  in  it,  to 
gather  around  him  patriotic  men  without 
distinction  of  origin  or  party,  and  to  throw 
open  to  all  a  broad  ground  of  conciliation ; 
and  the  other,  which  has  been  perhaps  the 
most  fruitful,  to  conquer  the  hearts  of  the 
people  and  to  make  his  cause  a  popular  one 
in  the  fullest  sense  of  the  term.  Few  public 
men  have  been  better  endowed  by  nature 
for  the  purpose.  Still  in  the  hey-day  of  life 
and  manly  vigour,  Mr:  Mercier  combines 
great  physical  gifts  with  large  magnetic 
personal  influence.  His  face  is  of  the  Na- 
poleonic type,  and  suggestive  of  extraor- 
dinary mental  power  and  force  of  character. 
He  looks  in  every  sense  of  the  words  a  man 
born  to  command ;  but,  behind  the  mask  of 
imperiousness,  lies  a  fund  of  geniality  and 
good  nature  which  has  earned  for  him  the 
respect  of  his  adversaries  and  the  undying 
devotion  of  his  friends  through  good  and 
evil  fortune.  Much  of  his  popularity  no 
doubt  is  due  to  his  political  capacity,  but 
still  more  of  it  may  be  ascribed  to  the  gen- 
erosity of  his  character  and  the  fidelity  of 
his  personal  and  party  f  rien  Iships.  From 
his  very  first  appearance  in  the  public  arena, 
it  was  clear  to  every  one  that  he  was  essen- 
tially a  popular  leader;  but  recent  events 
have  proved  that  he  possesses  in  an  eminent 
degree  also  all  the  qualities  of  a  successful 
political  leader, — ability,  tact,  diplomacy, 
decision  of  character,  foresight,  the  states- 
manlike breadth  of  view  which  soars  beyond 


the  triumphs  of  the  hour  to  grasp  the  ne- 
cessities of  the  morrow,  and  that  loyalty 
which  inspires  confidence  and  renders  alli- 
ances durable.  As  an  orator,  it  may  be 
fairly  said  that  he  has  few  equals.  Few 
public  speakers  of  his  day  excal  him  in  the 
art  of  swaying  an  audienc^,  whether  cul- 
tured or  illiterate.  He  touches  their  feelings 
or  appeals  to  their  reason  with  a  force  and 
a  logic  that  always  tell.  A  brilliant  lawyer 
and  a  perfect  master  of  parliamentary  fence, 
he  has  also  been  described  as  belonging  to 
that  class  of  men  who  are  always  ready  for 
duty,  always  equipped  for  a  fight,  and  his 
blows  invariably  tell  with  sledge-hammer 
force.  At  the  same  time  it  must  be  con- 
ceded that  he  is  a  manly  fighter,  never  tak- 
ing an  unfair  advantage  of  an  adversary, 
and  always  showing  the  courteous  and  pol- 
ished Frenchman's  aversion  to  unnecessar- 
ily wound  the  feelings  of  others.  His  as- 
tonishing industry  also  constitutes  one  of 
his  chief  claims  to  the  admiration  of  his 
friends,  coupled  with  the  courage  and  pluck 
which  has  carried  him  to  victory  against 
what  at  one  time  appeared  the  most  desper- 
ate odds.  He  has  lived  a  busy  life,  divided 
between  journalism,  law  and  politics;  but 
it  is  rminly  in  his  public  capacity  that  his 
assiduity  and  powers  of  application  have 
come  to  be  most  known  and  appreciated. 
Whether  as  leader  of  the  Opposition  or  of 
the  Government,  he  has  been  and  is  an  in- 
defatigable worker,  always  at  his  post  and 
accomplishing  more  in  a  day  than  other 
public  men  usually  do  in  weeks.  Another 
secret  of  his  great  prestige  among  his  fellow 
countrymen  is  to  be  found  in  his  acute  and 
rapid  perception  of  the  drift  of  popular 
opinion  in  his  province,  and  the  people's 
growing  confidence  in  the  earnestness  of 
his  patriotism.  As  already  stated,  Mr. 
Premier  Mercier  is  still  in  the  full  prime 
and  vigour  of  life,  his  age  being  only 
forty-seven.  He  first  saw  the  light  in  Iber- 
ville  county,  in  the  year  1840.  He  comes 
of  a  family  of  simple  farmers,  or  habitants, 
as  they  are  styled  in  Lower  Canada,  origin- 
ally from  Old  France,  but  settled  for  sev- 
eral generations  in  the  county  of  Mont- 
magny,  below  the  city  of  Quebec.  His 
father  was  not  wealthy,  and  had  to  provide 
for  the  wants  of  a  large  household;  but  he 
was  a  man  of  energy  and  foresight,  and 
thought  no  sacrifice  too  great  to  arm  his 
children  for  the  battle  of  life  by  means  of 
a  liberal  education.  At  the  age  of  fourteen 


236 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


years,  young  Mercier  was  sent  to  the  Jes- 
uits' College  in  Montreal  to  complete  his  edu- 
cation, which  he  finally  did  after  a  brilliant 
course  of  study ;  and,  even  to  the  present 
day,  the  premier  of  Quebec  reverts  with 
pleasurable  recollection  to  his  early  strug- 
gles after  knowledge,  and  loses  no  occasion 
to  testify  his  affectionate  and  grateful  re- 
gard for  the  masters  who  first  taught  his 
"  young  idea  how  to  shoot."  The  ardour 
with  which  he  took  up  the  cause  of  the 
Jesuits  during  last  session  of  the  Quebec 
legislature,  and  championed  it  to  victory  in 
the  passing  of  their  charter  bill,  is  largely 
explained  by  this  feeling,  strengthened  by 
the  conviction  that  the  legislature  had  no 
warrant  to  refuse  to  one  religious  order  the 
ordinary  privilege  of  civil  rights  which  it 
had  so  freely  granted  to  others.  Like  the 
vast  majority  of  his  French  Canadian  fel- 
low countrymen,  the  premier  of  Quebec  is, 
of  course,  a  Roman  Catholic,  and  imbibed 
a  lively  faith  in  the  doctrines  of  that  church 
from  his  parents  and  the  teachers  of  his 
youth.  That  faith  has  not  diminished,  but 
increased  with  his  maturer  years.  Still 
there  was  a  time,  and  not  yet  very  remote 
either,  when,  on  account  of  his  political 
liberalism  and  alliances,  his  orthodoxy  was 
more  than  once  seriously  questioned  by  his 
political  foes  to  his  personal  and  party  de- 
triment. However,  this  has  all  passed  away. 
It  is  now  conceded  by  Papal  authority  that 
a  man  may  be  a  Liberal  in  politics  and  yet 
a  good  Catholic;  and  the  Lower  Canadian 
clergy  have  come  to  understand  that  Mr. 
Mercier  is  not  only  a  sincere  Catholic  in 
theory  and  practice,  but  that  the  interests 
of  their  church  are  as  safe  in  his  hands  as 
in  those  of  the  self-constituted  champions 
who  proclaim  their  zeal  for  the  faith  from 
the  housetops.  At  the  same  time,  he  is  no 
narrow-minded  bigot.  There  is  probably 
no  public  man  in  the  dominion  free  from 
religious  or  sectional  bias.  He  never  asks 
"  the  brave  soldier  who  fights  by  his  side  in 
the  cause  of  mankind,  if  their  creeds  agree." 
A  French  Canadian  in  heart  and  soul,  and 
a  thorough  son  of  the  soil,  still  strict  and 
impartial  justice  to  all  classes,  races  and 
creeds;  undue  favour  to  none,  seems  to  be 
the  motto  upon  which  he  has  always  acted 
in  the  past  and  desires  to  act  in  the  future. 
Now,  to  return  to  the  career  of  our  subject. 
Some  time  after  leaving  college,  young 
Mercier  decided  to  make  the  law  his  pro- 
fession. He  accordingly  entered  the  office 


of  Laframboise  &  Papineau,  at  St.  Hya- 
cinthe,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1865.  But,  three  years  before  this  eventr 
he  may  be  said  to  have  entered  public  life,, 
towards  which  the  ardent  young  man  felt 
himself  irresistibly  attracted.  In  1862,  at 
the  age  of  twenty-two  years,  he  became 
editor-in-chief  of  the  Courrier  de  St.  Hya- 
cinthe, and  made  his  mark  as  a  vigorous 
and  trenchant  political  writer.  This  was 
before  confederation,  during  the  Sandfield 
Macdonald-Sicotte  administration.  To  that 
government,  with  its  liberal  and  moderate 
policy,  and  its  programme  of  conciliation 
between  Upper  and  Lower  Canada,  the 
young  journalist  gave  a  warm  support. 
But  in  the  excited  state  of  public  opinion  in 
the  two  provinces  at  the  time,  the  task  of 
pacification  which  it  had  undertaken  was 
beyond  its  strength,  and  after  a  short  and 
stormy  existence,  it  succumbed.  At  this 
stage  in  Canadian  history  the  political 
situation  was  exceedingly  strained.  Not 
only  were  parties  in  the  legislature  about 
evenly  balanced,  but  Canadian  politics 
were  complicated  by  such  burning  and 
difficult  questions  as  the  Separate  Schools r 
Eepresentation  by  Population,  and  the 
construction  of  the  Intercolonial  Eailway. 
Finally,  despairing  of  reducing  this  ap- 
parent chaos  to  order,  Mr.  Sicotte  retired,, 
and  Sandfield  Macdonald  reconstructed 
the  cabinet  by  taking  in  from  Lower  Can- 
ada Mr.  Dorion,  now  Sir  A.  A.  Dorionr 
chief-justice  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench 
of  the  province  of  Quebec,  and  by  openly 
repudiating  the  principle  until  then  recog- 
nized of  the  double  majority.  Mr.  Mercier 
who,  in  the  Courrier  de  St.  Hyacinthe, 
had  sustained  the  Sicotte  administration, 
went  over  to  the  opposition  with  his  leader. 
He  continued,  with  Cartier  and  a  group 
of  moderate  liberals,  to  form  part  of  the 
opposition,  which  he  then  regarded  as  a 
national  opposition,  and  his  powerful  pen 
in  the  Courrier  de  St.  Hyacinthe  con- 
tributed immeasurably  to  the  defeat  of 
the  ministerial  candidate  when  the  seat 
for  St.  Hyacinthe  became  vacant  by  Mr. 
Sicotte's  elevation  to  the  bench.  When 
the  confederation  scheme  was  broached  in 
1864  as  the  only  means  of  cutting  the 
Gordian  knot  of  the  political  deadlock  be- 
tween the  united  provinces  of  Upper  and 
Lower  Canada,  Mr.  Mercier,  who  had  sup- 
ported Cartier  in  his  opposition  to  the 
Macdonald-Dorion  ministry,  *felt  himself 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


237 


unable  to  approve  his  alliance  with  George 
Brown  for  the  establishment  of  confedera- 
tion, believing  that  the  realization  of  the 
latter  would  be  the  death-warrant  of  the 
French  Canadian  influence,  that  the  project 
was  only  another  expedient  to  retain  power 
in  Tory  hands,  and  that  behind  it,  in  the 
mind  of  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald,  lurked  a 
long-meditated  design  to  force  a  legislative 
union  upon  the  provinces.  His  views, 
however,  in  this  respect,  were  shared  only 
by  a  small  minority,  and  he  resigned  in 
consequence  the  editorial  chair  of  the 
Courrier  d%  St.  Hyacinthe.  But,  later  on, 
in  1865,  when  the  project  was  regularly 
discussed  in  parliament,  Mr.  Mercier's  ob- 
jections to  it  found  expression  through  an 
opposition  on  the  floor  of  the  house;  weak 
in  numbers,  it  is  true,  but  resolute  and 
untiring  in  their  efforts  to  render  it  less 
•obnoxious  to  the  French  Canadians,  and 
more  favourable  to  the  rights  of  the  prov- 
inces. ATI  or  nearly  all  of  the  causes  of 
friction  which  have  since  developed  between 
the  central  and  the  local  governments  in 
the  working  of  the  new  constitution,  were 
then  exhaustively  ventilated  by  the  liberals. 
They  demanded,  with  Mr.  Holton,  that  the 
Federal  Act  should  expressly  recognise  the 
sovereignty  of  the  provinces,  and  that  only 
restricted  and  delegated  powers  should  be 
conferred  on  the  central  government.  They 
protested  against  the  mode  of  constituting 
the  Senate,  the  principle  of  the  nomination 
of  the  lieutenant-governors  by  the  federal 
ministry,  and  the  right  of  veto  upon  the 
acts  of  the  Provincial  legislatures.  To 
every  assault  upon  the  integrity  of  the 
scheme,  Cartier  invariably  opposed  the 
stereotyped  reply  that  the  Federal  Act  was 
a  "  sacred  compact,"  and  that  not  one  line 
of  it  could  fie  altered  without  provoking  a 
breach  with  the  other  provinces.  This  non 
possumus  style  of  argument  was  successful 
in  procuring  the  rejection  of  all  the  amend- 
ments proposed  in  the  parliament  of  united 
Canada.  But  -it  found  no  echo  in  New 
Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia,  whose  legisla- 
tures, while  approving  the  confederation 
principle,  refused  to  ratify  the  scheme  in 
all  its  details.  The  whole  question,  with 
the  right  of  amendment,  seemed  to  be  thus 
thrown  open  anew,  and  the  hopes  of  the 
Lower  Canadians,  who  looked  to  extract  the 
most  protection  for  their  province  from  the 
project,  once  more  revived.  Meanwhile, 
while  these  events  had  been  transpiring, 


Mr.  Mercier  had  resumed  the  editorial  di- 
rection of  the  Courrier  de  St.  Hyacinthe 
in  the  month  of  January,  1866,  having 
formed  with  Mr.  de  la  Bruere,  now  speaker 
of  the  Quebec  Legislative  Council,  Mr. 
Bernier,  now  superintendent  of  Education 
in  Manitoba,  and  Paul  de  Cazes,  his  brother- 
in-law,  a  syndicate  whose  programme,  in 
view  of  the  adoption  of  the  new  constitution, 
was  to  give  it  fair  play  and  to  endeavour 
to  make  the  most  of  it,  after  Lafontaine's 
example  in  1840.  The  opposition  of  the 
Maritime  provinces  having  re-opened,  de 
jure,  the  right  of  amendment,  Mr.  Mercier 
and  his  colleagues  hailed  the  event  with 
gratification ;  but,  to  their  surprise,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1866,  La  Minerve,  of  Montreal,  and 
other  newspapers,  began  to  spread  the  ru- 
mour that  the  question  would  not  be  again 
submitted  to  the  Canadian  legislature,  and 
that  Cartier  had  consented  to  refer  the  set- 
tlement of  the  difficulties  to  Imperial  arbi- 
tration. Thereupon,  the  managers  of  the 
Courrier  de  St.  Hyacinthe  published  an 
article  in  which  they  distinctly  declared 
that,  if  the  principle  of  arbitration  was  ac- 
cepted, they  would  go  into  opposition.  A 
fortnight  later,  Cartier  proposed  to  refer 
the  pending  difficulties  to  Imperial  arbitra- 
tion, and  there  was  nothing  left  to  Mr. 
Mercier  and  his  colleagues  of  the  Courrier 
but  to  execute  their  threat  and  transfer 
their  talents  and  influence  to  the  opposi- 
tion. They  were  unanimous  on  the  subject, 
and  the  article  announcing  their  determina- 
tion was  prepared  by  Mr.  de  la  Bru6re. 
But,  before  it  could  be  published  next 
morning,  Messrs,  de  la  Bruere  and  Bernier, 
who  have  ever  since  remained  Conservatives 
and  attached  to  the  fortunes  of  Sir  John  A. 
Macdonald,  suddenly  changed  their  views 
and  refused  to  allow  it  to  appear.  A  rup- 
ture ensued  between  the  partners,  and  Mr. 
Mercier  and  Mr.  de  Cazes  withdrew  from 
the  Courrier  de  St.  Hyacinthe,  this  time 
for  good.  There  is  reason  to  believe  that 
the  turn  of  events  at  this  stage  so  disgusted 
Mr.  Mercier  with  politics  that  he  resolved 
to  abandon  them  altogether.  At  all  events 
he  retired  from  public  life,  and  during  the 
next  five  years  devoted  himself  exclusively 
to  the  practice  of  his  profession  as  a  lawyer, 
only  reappearing  on  the  scene  in  1871,  after 
confederation,  on  the  formation  of  the  Parti 
National.  As  the  occasion  and  objects  of 
this  movement  in  the  province  of  Quebec 
may  be  either  forgotten  or  not  well  under- 


238 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


stood  at  the  present  day,  it  may  be  useful 
to  recall  that  the  attitude  of  the  Conserva- 
tive government  of  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald 
on   the   New   Brunswick  Separate   School 
question  in  1871,  as  later  on  the  Kiel  ques- 
tion in  1886,  provoked  a  split  among  his 
Conservative  following  from  Lower  Canada. 
A  number  of  bold  and  ardent  French  Can- 
adian spirits  conceived  that  the  opportunity 
was  a  favourable  one  to  make  another  effort 
for  the  triumph  of  the  principles  for  which 
they  had  so  long  and  unsuccessfully  battled, 
to  set  aside  all  party  divisions  and  to  rally 
under  one  standard  all  patriotic  souls,  Lib- 
eral and  Conservative,  in  order  to  secure 
the  predominance  of  the  provincial  influ- 
ence over  the  hybrid  alliances  by  which  a 
majority  was  constituted  and  maintained  in 
the  Federal  parliament.     In  other  words, 
the  promoters   of   the   national  movement 
held  that  in  a  confederation  honestly  and 
properly  worked,  the  representatives  of  the 
people  should  above  all  regard  themselves 
as  plenipotentiaries  of  the  provinces,  and 
that  instead  of  dividing  into  conservatives 
and  liberals,  it  was  their  first  duty  to  group 
themselves  by  provinces   for  the   common 
defence  of  their  provincial  or  national  inter- 
ests.    At  the  head  of  the  new  party  were 
such  men  as  Messrs.  Holton,  Dorion,  Lo- 
ranger,  Laframboise,  Jette",  Mercier,  F.  Cas- 
sidy,  L.  O.  David,  and  Beique,  in  the  Mon- 
treal district,  and  Messrs.   Letellier  de  St. 
Just,  Joly,  Thibaudeau,  Langelier,  Pelle- 
tier,  and  Shehyn,  in  the  district  of  Quebec. 
Their   platform   included  protection,  com- 
plete provincial  autonomy,  and  decentraliza- 
tion, vote  by  ballot,  the  trial  of  election  con- 
testations by  the  law  courts,  the  abolition 
of  dual  representation,  suppression  of  the 
Legislative  Council,  economy  in  the  public 
expenditure,  and  the  suspension  of  the  con- 
struction of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway 
until  the  resources  of  the  country  warranted 
the  completion  of  that  great  work  without 
saddling  the  people  with  the  burthens  of  a 
ruinous  debt.     Mr.  Mercier  threw  himself 
heart  and  soul  into  this  movement,  which 
promised  to  realize  his  dearest  aspirations. 
He  lent  powerful  assistance  to  the  election 
of  his  friend,  Hon.  F.  Langelier,  for  Bagot 
county,  and  in  the  following   year,  at  the 
general  elections  of  1872,  he  was   himself 
returned   as  the  federal  member  for  Eou- 
ville.     On  the   meeting  of   the   Dominion 
parliament  in  1873,  he  took  an  active  and 
leading  part  in  the  exciting  debate  on  the 


New  Brunswick  Separate  Schools  question, 
and,  with  Hon.  John  Costigan  from   that 
province,  then  plain  Mr.  Costigan,  he  also 
eloquently  defended   Eev.  Father  Michot, 
a  Catholic  priest,  whose  goods   had  been 
destrained,  and  person  imprisoned  for  debt 
by  the  authorities  of  New  Brunswick,  be- 
cause of  his  refusal  to  pay  tax  towards  the 
support  of  the  Protestant  schools.     The  re- 
sult was  that  the  government  was  beaten 
by  a  majority  of  thirty-five  through  the 
French   Canadian  vote,   supported  by  the 
Liberals  of  Ontario;  but  Sir  John  A.  Mac- 
donald  refused  to   recognize  tiais  adverse 
decision   as   a  ministerial   defeat,  and  an- 
nounced his  intention  of  referring  the  ques- 
tion of  the  New  Brunswick  schools  to  the 
Imperial  government.    A  cabinet  crisis  was 
thus    averted   for  the   moment,  but  it  was 
destined  to  be  not  long  delayed.     The  last 
echoes  of  the   fierce  debate  on  the  school 
question  had  hardly  died  away,  when  sud- 
denly and  almost  without  a  note  of  warning, 
the  astounding  revelations  which  have  since 
passed  into  history  under  the  title  of  "  The 
Pacific   Scandal,"  were  sprung   upon    the 
parliament  and  country.     In  the  midst  of 
the  most  intense   excitement  all  over  the 
dominion,  parliament   adjourned   in  May, 
1873,  and  between  that  date  and  the  follow- 
ing August,  when  it  was   to  meet   again, 
Mr.  Mercier  was  one  of  the  most  active  in 
stumping  the  province  of  Quebec  against 
the  government,  and  in  promoting  the  pe- 
tition to  the  governor- general  against  the 
alleged  intention  to    prorogue  the  house. 
To   the   prayer  of   this   petition,  however, 
Lord  Dufferin  did  not  deem  it  advisable  to 
assent,  and  parliament  was  prorogued   on 
the  very  day  of  its  reassembling  in  August. 
But  it  was  called  again  towards  the  end  of 
October,  and,    after  a  seven   days'  debate, 
which  will   remain   forever   memorable   in 
Canadian  annals,  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald 
announced  that  he  had  placed  his  resigna- 
tion in  the  hands  of  his  excellency.     Two 
days  later,  the  Liberal  government  of   Mr. 
Mackenzie  was  formed,  followed  two  months 
later,  in  January,  1874,  by  a  dissolution  of 
;he  Dominion  parliament.     At  the  general 
elections  which   ensued,  Mr.  Mercier  had 
ntended  to  again  offer  as  a  candidate  for 
he  county  of  Rouville  in  the  interest  of  the 
new  Liberal  ministry;  but,  as  another  Lib- 
eral candidate  of  much  local  influence,  Mr. 
Jheval,  also  proposed  to  run,  he  withdrew 
from  the  field  rather  than  create  a  division, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


239 


which  might  throw  the  constituency  into 
Tory  hands.  In  1875  he  once  more. reap- 
peared on  the  scene  in  Bagot,  which  he 
stumped  in  favour  of  Mr.  Bourgeois,  now  a 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  with  whom  he 
had  formed  in  1873  one  of  the  strongest 
law  partnerships  in  the  country.  In  1878, 
when  Mr.  Delorme,  the  Liberal  member  for 
St.  Hyacinthe,  and  now  clerk  of  the  Que- 
bec Legislative  Assembly,  retired  from  the 
representation  of  that  county,  Mr.  Mercier 
manned  the  breach  in  the  Liberal  interest; 
but  was  defeated  by  Mr.  Tellier,  the  Con- 
servative candidate,who  carried  the  seat  by 
the  narrow  majority  of  six  votes.  But  for 
that  disappointment  he  was  consoled  in  the 
very  following  year  by  the  brilliant  victory 
on  the  same  ground,  which  ratified  his  en- 
try into  the  provincial  government,  and 
was  the  prelude  to  a  new  and  more  import- 
ant phase  of  his  public  life.  In  March, 
1879,  when  Hon.  Mr.  Joly,  the  then  Liberal 
premier  of  Quebec,  invited  Mr.  Mercier  to 
fill  the  cabinet  vacancy  created  by  the 
death  of  Mr.  Bachand,  his  ministry  was 
virtually  in  a  moribund  condition.  It  did 
not  command  a  large  enough  majority, 
and  above  all  one  sufficiently  solid  to  sur- 
vive the  restoration  of  Sir  John  A.  Mac- 
donald  to  power  at  Ottawa,  after  the  fall 
of  the  Mackenzie  government.  Coming 
events  were  already  casting  their  shadows 
before  ;  the  Letellier  question,  as  it  was 
called,  had.  waxed  in  bitterness ;  and  there 
is  little  doubt  that  Mr.  Joly  and  his  col- 
leagues foresaw  clearly  the  near  approach 
of  their  own  official  death.  But  they  had 
resolved,  for  the  honour  of  the  cause  and  its 
future  interests,  to  fight  it  out  bravely  and 
worthily  to  the  end.  They  needed  the  help 
of  a  sturdy  and  experienced  spirit  for  the 
purpose,  and  Mr.  Mercier,  who  did  not 
hesitate  a  moment  about  undertaking  the 
task,  was  a  few  days  afterwards  elected  to 
the  Quebec  legislature  for  St.  Hyacinthe  by 
the  large  majority  of  307  votes.  As  so- 
licitor-general in  Mr.  Joly's  cabinet,  Mr. 
Mercier' s  official  career  was  too  brief  to 
permit  of  his  displaying  more  than  the 
qualities  of  an  admirable  law  officer  of  the 
Crown;  but,  on  the  floor  of  the  Quebec 
Assembly,  he  at  once  took  a  foremost  place 
as  an  orator,  debater  and  legislator.  After 
the  fall  of  the  Joly  cabinet,  Mr.  Mercier 
momentarily  entertained  the  idea  of  retiring 
from  public  life  for  good  and  all,  not  that 
he  despaired  of  the  righteousness  in  his 


own  mind  of  the  cause  which  he  support- 
ed, but  more  probably  because  this  last 
attempt  of  the  Liberals  to  capture  and 
hold  Quebec  province,  in  which  he  had 
been  called  to  take  a  too  tardy  part,  had 
strengthened  his  long  rooted  conviction, 
that  that  party  as  then  constituted  in  Low- 
er Canada,  were  acting  on  too  narrow  and 
defective  a  basis  to  make  successful  head- 
way against  the  existing  combination  of 
Tory  interests  and  prejudices.  According- 
ly, having  in  the  meantime  removed  in 
March,  1881,  from  St.  Hyacinthe  to  Mon- 
treal, where  he  had  formed  a  new  law  part- 
nership with  Messrs.  Beausoleil  &  Marti- 
neau,  he  announced  his  intention  to  not  come 
forward  at  the  general  elections  of  that  year. 
This  announcement  produced  a  most  pow- 
erful sensation  throughout  the  province, 
but  especially  among  his  constituents  of 
St.  Hyacinthe, who,  regardless  of  their  party 
divisions,  rose  as  one  man  to  beg  of  him  to 
reconsider  his  decision,  which  he  finally  did 
after  long  and  earnest  reflection,  when  he 
was  returned  once  more  to  the  legislature 
by  acclamation.  About  this  period  of  his 
career,  or  shortly  afterwards,  occurred  the 
incident  of  the  coalition,  which  came  very 
nearly  splitting  up  the  Liberal  party.  En- 
lightened men  in  the  ranks  of  both  parties 
in  the  province  felt  that  the  existing  state 
of  things  could  not  continue  much  longer; 
that  their  public  men  were  wasting  their 
energies  in  fruitless  contention;  and  that 
ruin,  political  and  financial,  stared  Quebec 
in  the  face  unless  the  politicians  on  both 
sides  clasped  hands  to  forget  old  feuds  and 
to  form  a  strong  coalition  government  on 
the  broad  national  ground  which  might 
fearlessly  apply  the  heroic  remedies  de- 
manded by  the  critical  nature  of  the  situa- 
tion. Mr.  Mercier  was  all  the  more  open 
to  the  advances  made  him  from  the  other 
side,  both  during  the  administrations  of 
Mr.  Chapleau  and  his  successor,  the  late 
Mr.  Mousseau,  in  favour  of  this  new  depart- 
ure, that  he  had  strenuously  advocated  a 
policy  of  conciliation  and  union  for  the  na- 
tional good  throughout  his  whole  public 
life.  He  probably  made  a  mistake  in  sup- 
posing that  the  hour  was  ripe  for  the  frui- 
tion of  such  a  policy,  and  that  nothing  more 
was  needed  to  a  general  conviction  of  its 
necessity.  But  even  so,  the  error  was  a 
generous  one,  prompted  by  patriotism.  The 
proposals  for  a  coalition,  however,  did  not 
emanate  from  Mr.  Mercier,  but  from  his  ad- 


240 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


versaries,  that  he  only  consented  to  enter- 
tain them  upon  certain  well  defined  and 
strictly  honourable  conditions,  and  that  in 
the  entire  business  he  was  true  to  the  con- 
trolling idea  of  his  career  as  to  the  absolute 
necessity  of  union  for  the  salvation  of  his 
native  province.  In  the  beginning  of  the 
session  of  1883,  Hon.  Mr.  Joly  resigned  the 
direction  of  the  provincial  Liberal  party, 
and  Mr.  Mercier  was  unanimously  chosen 
to  succeed  him,  on  Mr.  Joly's  own  motion, 
as  the  leader  of  the  opposition.  In  this  new 
and  important  role  he  at  once  found  fitting 
opportunity  and  scope  to  display  the  great 
qualities  which  in  so  brief  a  period  have 
placed  him  in  the  foremost  ranks  of  French 
Canadian  statesmen.  Within  the  short  space 
of  three  years  he  successively  showed  what 
an  able  and  intrepid  leader  can  do  with  the 
support  of  a  small  but  disciplined  and  trusty 
band  of  parliamentary  followers,  to  retrieve 
the  fallen  fortunes  of  his  party,  and  to  de- 
fend and  lead  to  victory  a  popular  cause  the 
moment  circumstances  placed  it  in  his 
hands.  During  the  first  portion  of  his  task, 
Mr.  Mercier  maintained  a  struggle  which 
cannot  be  otherwise  characterized  than  as 
heroic.  With  a  following  in  the  House  of 
Assembly  reduced  to  fifteen  members 
against  fifty,  he  kept  in  check  three  succes- 
sive governments  of  his  adversaries,  and  if 
he  did  not  succeed  in  defeating  the  two  first 
by  a  vote,  he  at  least  forced  them  to  take 
flight.  One  after  the  other,  Messrs.  Cha- 
pleau  and  Mousseau  were  compelled  to  retire 
from  the  field,  admitting  themselves  to  be 
too  grievously  stricken  to  continue  the  fight 
any  longer  against  so  sturdy  a-n  opponent, 
whose  scathing  denunciations  of  their  pol- 
icy and  administrative  methods  were  grad- 
ually arousing  public  opinion  from  its  apa- 
thy with  regard  to  the  financial  and  politi- 
cal dangers  that  seemed  to  threaten  the 
safety  of  the  province.  During  this  period, 
too,  as  well  as  during  the  rule  of  the  suc- 
ceeding Boss  administration,  Mr.  Mercier 
not  only  exerted  a  mighty  influence  on  cur- 
rent legislation,  but  proved  himself  the 
fearless  and  ardent  defender  of  provincial 
rights,  and  lost  no  occasion  to  condemn  in 
forcible  terms  what  he  had  characterized  as 
the  grovelling  and  ruinous  subserviency  of 
the  provincial  conservatives  to  the  over- 
shadowing influence  of  Ottawa.  His  sym- 
pathy with  the  cause  of  constitutional  lib- 
erty also  found  strong  expression  on  more 
than  one  occasion  in  support  of  the  Irish 


Home  Kule  movement  and  against  coercion, 
and  the  various  resolutions  of  the  Quebec 
legislature  on  the  subject  either  owed  their 
paternity  to  him  or  in  a  large  measure  their 
adoption.  From  the  session  of  1886,  the 
last  of  that  parliament,  the  Boss  ministry 
emerged  woefully  crippled  by  the  sustained 
vigour  of  Mr.  Mercier's  assaults,  and  with 
the  outlook  for  the  general  elections  com- 
plicated and  darkened  for  the  success  of  the 
Tory  cause  by  the  Biel  affair.  Still,  even 
under  the  circumstances,  it  is  doubtful 
whether,  with  the  influence  and  active  as- 
sistance of  the  Ottawa  government,  and  in 
the  usual  way,  Mr.  Boss  would  not  have 
carried  a  majority  of  the  constituencies  but 
for  the  split  in  the  conservative  ranks  and 
the  astounding  energy  and  ability  thrown 
by  Mr.  Mercier  into  the  campaign,  which 
preceded  the  general  elections,  and  which 
was  probably  the  most  anxious  and  exciting 
ever  fought  in  Lower  Canada.  As  the  ac- 
cepted leader  of  the  new  National  party 
formed  in  that  province  out  of  a  combina- 
tion of  the  liberals  and  conservative  bol- 
ters, he  not  only  directed  the  whole  move- 
ment, but  personally  traversed  the  province 
almost  from  end  to  end,  addressing  as  many 
as  one  hundred  and  sixty  public  meetings, 
and  everywhere  making  his  influence  felt 
for  the  promotion  of  the  cause.  The  elec- 
tions came  on  in  October,  1886,  and  result- 
ed in  a  victory  for  the  Nationals.  But  for 
several  months  afterwards  the  country  was 
kept  in  a  painful  state  of  ferment  by  the 
refusal  of  the  Boss  government  to  recog- 
nize their  defeat  or  to  call  the  legislature. 
It  has  been  charged  that  they  spent  the 
interval  in  endeavouring  to  seduce  the  few 
National  Conservatives  elected  from  their 
allegiance  to  Mr.  Mercier;  but,  if  so,  they 
failed,  and  the  circumstance  only  tends  to 
further  attest  his  tact  and  skill  as  a  politi- 
cal manager  and  strategist.  Finally  they 
were  compelled  by  the  force  of  public  opin- 
ion to  meet  the  representatives  of  the  peo- 
ple in  January,  1887,  when  Mr.  Mercier 
and  his  supporters  met  with  a  triumphal 
reception  at  the  provincial  capital,  and  the 
popular  verdict  rendered  against  the  Tories 
at  the  polls  in  October  was  ratified  by  a 
majority  of  nine  in  the  House  of  Assembly 
on  the  first  vote  for  the  election  of  the 
speaker.  Still  the  Boss  ministry  would  not 
resign  until  Mr.  Mercier  rendered  their  hu- 
miliation more  complete  by  taking  the  con- 
trol of  the  house  out  of  their  hands,  and 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


241 


•carrying  the  adjournment  against  their  will, 
amid  one  of  the  most  exciting  scenes  ever 
witnessed   in   legislative   halls.     In   a  few 
more  hours  the   Boss   administration   had 
ceased  to   exist.     Mr.  Mercier  was   called 
upon  by  the  lieutenant-governor  to  form 
a  new  cabinet,  and  in  less  than  twenty -four 
hours  more,  with   his   usual   decision  and 
promptitude,  he  had   made  his  choice  of 
his   colleagues,  and  announced   it   to  the 
legislature  and  the  country,  both  of  which 
received  it  with  marked  satisfaction.     He 
also  demanded  and   obtained  an  adjourn- 
ment  of  both  houses  until  the  following 
March,  in  order  to  allow  of  his  own  re-elec- 
tion and  that  of  his  colleagues  (which  took 
place  in  each  case  by  acclamation),  and  to 
get  time  to  prepare  his  programme  for  the 
regular   work   of    the    session,    when    the 
speech  from  the  throne  was  delivered,  and 
he  publicly  appeared  for  the  first  time  as 
leader  of  the  Government  and  the  Assembly. 
Considering  the  shortness  of  the  time  at 
their  disposal  for  preparation,  the   policy 
formulated  by  the  new  government  consti- 
tuted a  very  satisfactory  instalment  of  the 
reforms  which  Mr.  Mercier  and  his  friends 
had   advocated   while   in    opposition.     Its 
principal  planks  were  the  restoration  of  the 
finances  to  a  sound  basis,  the  readjustment 
of  the  representation,  and  the  better  protec- 
tion  of   provincial   righto  and   autonomy. 
The  measures  proposed  for  the  purpose  by 
ministers,  with  the  exception  of  that  relat- 
ing to  the  readjustment  of  the  representa- 
tion which  was  held  over  for  more  exhaus- 
tive study  until  another  session,  were  all 
sanctioned  by  the  house,  and  by  the  end 
of   the  session  the  government's  majority 
had  materially  increased  in  the  Assembly, 
while  in  the  Crown-nominated  branch,  the 
Legislative  Council,  much  less  partisan  ob- 
struction was  encountered  than  had  been 
anticipated.     Its  close  left  him  more  firmly 
seated  in  the  saddle  than  ever,  and  with  an 
addition  to   his   prestige  and  popularity, 
which  has  been  since  largely  increased  by 
the  marvellous  success  of  his  administra- 
tion as  evidenced  in  the  settlement  of  the 
long  pending  dispute  with  Ontario,  respect- 
ing the   division  of   the   Common   School 
Fund,  and  the  unusually  advantageous  ne- 
gotiation of  the  new  provincial  loan  of  three 
and  a  half  millions.     These  and  a  number 
of  other  happy  incidents  of  his  official  ca- 
reer thus  far  nave  been  attributed   by  his 
adversaries  to  good  luck;  but  there  is  far 
O 


more  reason  to  think  that  they  are  ascrib- 
able  to  good  management.  In  his  profes- 
sion, Mr.  Mercier  has  risen  to  the  highest 
honours.  He  is  actually  the  attorney-gen- 
eral as  well  as  the  premier  of  Quebec.  He 
has  been  twice  bdtonnier  of  the  bar  of  the 
Montreal  district,  and  the  respect  entertain- 
ed for  him  by  his  legal  colleagues  is  so 
great  that  they  unanimously  elevated  him 
not  long  since  to  the  still  more  distinguish- 
ed eminence  of  bdtonnier-general  of  the 
bar  of  the  province.  It  is  not  given  to  man 
to  pierce  the  veil  that  conceals  the  future 
from  human  ken,  but,  judging  of  Mr. 
Mercier' s  future  by  his  past,  there  is  reason 
to  confidently  hope  for  much  solid  and 
lasting  good  to  the  province  of  Quebec  and 
indirectly  to  the  Dominion,  from  his  con- 
tinuation at  the  head  of  the  public  admin- 
istration of  that  important  member  of  the 
Canadian  confederation  where  his  presence 
has  already  worked  a  marked  change  for 
the  better.  That  he  has  been  the  object 
of  serious  misrepresentation  in  the  past 
there  can  be  no  manner  of  doubt.  Heralded 
to  the  world  as  the  apostle  of  an  advanced 
radicalism  which  in  reality  has  no  repre- 
sentative in  this  country,  he  has  not  only 
preached,  but  practised  a  different  gospel, 
and  in  office  has  proved  himself  to  be  un- 
usually moderate  and  conciliatory,  as  well 
as  a  man  of  broad  and  generous  views,  free 
from  sectionalism,  and  exceedingly  anxious 
to  do  justice  to  all  races,  classes  and  creeds, 
yet  fully  determined  to  work  out  the  re- 
generation of  his  native  province  on  the 
great  lines  of  reform  which  he  has  ever  re- 
garded as  essential  to  that  desirable  end. 
Alarmists,  for  partisan  purposes,  may  affect 
to  believe  that  he  is  unfriendly  to  the  rights 
and  privileges  of  the  English  speaking1 
minority  in  the  province  of  Quebec;  but 
he  has  done  nothing  yet  to  warrant  that 
impression,  and  in  the  speech  which  he  de- 
livered at  St.  Hyacinthe,  on  the  16th  June 
last  (1887),  during  the  great  demonstration 
there  in  his  honour,  he  emitted  no  uncer- 
tain sound  on  the  subject.  On  that  occa- 
sion he  made  use  of  the  following  language, 
which  should,  it  seems,  dissipate  the  last 
remnant  of  apprehension,  if  any  be  enter- 
tained, as  to  the  fair-minded  spirit  by  which 
he  is  actuated  : — 

We  have  endeavoured  during  the  last  session 
to  remove  the  regretable  prejudices  which  our 
enemies  have  succeeded  in  creating  in  the  hearts 
of  the  Protestant  minority  against  us,  and  especi- 


242 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ally  against  myself.  We  did  not  concern  our- 
selves with  the  injustice  of  which  we  have  been 
the  victims,  and  we  have  always  been  just  and 
sometimes  very  liberal  towards  Protestants^  We 
were  determined  to  revenge  acts  of  injustice  by 
acts  of  justice,  and  to  answer  injuries  by  acts  of 
kindness  and  words  of  courtesy.  All  the  English 
Protestant  members  of  the  legislature,  with  the 
exception  of  one,  have  systematically  and  invari- 
ably voted  against  us,  and  have  refused  to  grant 
us  that  "  British  fair  play  "  of  which  Englishmen 
so  much  boast.  This  conduct  on  the  part  of  _  the 
minority  has  not  made  us  deviate  from  the  right 
path— the  path  of  justice  ;  we  have  been  just  to- 
wards the  minority  as  if  it  had  been  likewise  just 
towards  us,  and  we  will  continue  to  give  it  that 
"British  fair  play  "  which  its  representatives  in 
the  legislature  have  so  constantly  refused  to  ac- 
cord to  us.  But  let  the  Protestant  minority  per- 
mit me  to  say  now,  before  this  immense  audience, 
composed  for  three-fourths  of  French  Canadians 
and  Catholics,  that  the  National  Party  will  re- 
spect and  cause  to  be  respected  the  rights  of  that 
minority  ;  that  the  National  Party  desires  to  live 
in  peace  and  harmony  with  all  races  and  creeds  ; 
and  that  it  intends  to  render  justice  to  all,  even 
to  those  who  refuse  to  render  it  in  return. 

In  private  life  the  premier  of  Quebec  is  a 
charming  conversationalist,  and  one  of  the 
most  genial  of  companions.  He  has  been 
twice  married,  firstly,  to  Leopoldine  Boivin, 
of  St.  Hyacinthe,  who  died  leaving  one 
daughter;  and  lastly,  to  Virginie  St.  Denis, 
also  of  St.  Hyacinthe.  Madame  Mercier  is 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  members  of 
French  Canadian  society,  and  fittingly 
adorns  the  prominent  position  to  which  she 
has  been  called  by  the  side  of  her  eminent 
husband, 

Chamberlain,  David  Cleveland, 
Insurance  and  General  Agent,  Pembroke, 
Ontario,  was  born  at  Point  Fortune,  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  on  the  22nd  July,  1838. 
His  father  was  Hiram  Chamberlain,  and 
his  mother,  Elizabeth  Minerva  Hayes.  The 
family  removed  from  Point  Fortune  in  1842, 
to  a  place  on  the  Ottawa  river,  a  new  settle- 
ment in  the  township  of  Westmeath,  in 
Renfrew  county,  then  known  as  the  Head 
of  Paquett's  Rapids.  Though  at  the  time 
the  place  was  little  better  than  a  wilderness, 
Mr.  Chamberlain,  sen.,  began  to  manufac- 
ture lumber,  and  successfully  carried  on 
this  business  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Quebec  city  in  1854,  from  cholera.  He 
left  a  family  consisting  of  a  widow  and  six 
children,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  being 
the  eldest.  After  securing  some  education 
at  the  public  school,  David  engaged  him- 
self as  clerk  with  Alexander  Fraser,  a  lum- 
ber merchant,  who,  by  the  way,  subse- 
quently married  his  sister,  and  with  this 


gentleman  he  remained  until  1868,  when  he 
removed  to  Pembroke,  and  began  business 
on  his  own  account  as  a  merchant.  He  con- 
tinued to  trade  until  1876,  and  then  gave 
up  mercantile  pursuits,  adopting  in  lieu 
thereof  a  general  insurance  agency.  Since 
then  he  has  worked  hard,  and  has  succeeded 
in  building  up  a  profitable  business  in  that 
line.  He  now  represents  in  that  district  of 
country  twelve  of  the  principal  English  and 
Canadian  fire  insurance  companies,  and  the 
Standard  Life  Insurance  Company  of  Scot- 
land, doing  business  in  Canada.  Outside 
of  business,  Mr.  Chamberlain  has  taken  a 
part  in  the  world's  work.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Oddfellows'  organization ;  has  been  a 
school  trustee;  was  for  twelve  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  High  School  board;  treasurer  of 
the  township  of  Westmeath;  and  at  present 
is  treasurer  of  the  school  moneys  of  the 
town  of  Pembroke.  He  belongs  to  the 
Methodist  denomination;  and  in  politics  is 
a  Liberal-Conservative.  On  January  10, 
1860,  he  married  Martha  Maria  Huntingtonr 
daughter  of  Erastus  Huntington,  and  has 
a  family  of  five  children  living. 

Anger§,  Hon.  Augu§te  Real. 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  Quebec,  was 
born  in  the  city>  of  Quebec  on  the  4th  of 
October,  1838.  His  father,  F.  R.  Angers, 
was  a  lawyer  who  occupied  a  distinguished 
position  at  the  Quebec  bar.  Justice  Angers 
studied  at  Nicolet  College,  in  the  province 
of  Quebec,  and  entered  his  father's  office  to 
study  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1860,  and  practised  his  profession  with 
marked  success  in  the  law  firm  of  Casault, 
Langlois  and  Angers.  In  1874,  he  was 
made  a  Queen's  counsel.  When  the  Hon. 
J.  E.  Cauchon  resigned  his  seat  in  1874,  the 
electors  of  the  county  of  Montmorency 
elected  him  to  represent  them  in  the  pro- 
vincial parliament.  In  the  same  year  the 
Hon.  M.  de  Boucherville  was  called  upon  to 
form  a  new  cabinet,  and  he  offered  the  port- 
folio of  solicitor  general  to  Mr.  Angers, 
whose  brilliant  reputation  had  marked  him 
as  a  future  minister.  He  accepted,  taking 
the  oath  on  the  22nd  of  September,  and 
therefore  becoming  a  minister  without  ever 
having  occupied  a  seat  in  parliament.  In 
1875  Mr.  de  Boucherville  taking  a  seat  in 
the  Legislative  Council,  the  leadership  of 
the  Assembly  fell  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  An- 
gers, who  became  attorney-general  on  the 
26th  January,  1876.  Messrs.  Angers  and 
de  Boucherville  worked  harmoniously  to- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


243 


gether,  both  being  scrupulously  honest  and 
equally  devoted  to  the  public  interests. 
At  that  time  the  North  Shore  Kailway, which 
had  been  talked  about  for  thirty  years,  was 
yet  in  an  embryo  state,  private  enterprise 
having  failed  to  carry  out  the  scheme; 
they  resolved  to  build  the  road  as  a  govern- 
ment work,  with  the  help  of  the  municipali- 
ties which  had  voted  liberal  grants  towards 
the  construction  of  the  road,  Montreal  and 
Quebec  having  given  $1,000,000  each.  The 
wonderful  debating  powers  of  Mr.  Angers, 
and  his  keen  foresight  in  looking  upon  this 
railway  as  the  future  link  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway,  and  probably  of  a  direct 
route  to  the  seaboard,  helped  to  carry  the 
measure.  Thanks  to  the  construction  of 
the  North  Shore  Railway,  Montreal,  the 
metropolis  of  Canada,  and  Quebec  became 
de  facto  the  terminal  points  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway,  and  since  the  completion 
of  this  gigantic  national  highway,  Montreal 
has  added  40,000  to  her  population.  As 
a  legislator,  Mr.  Angers  ranks  among  the 
foremost  representative  men  of  the  Domin- 
ion ;  the  Electoral  Act  and  the  Controverted 
Elections  Act  bear  testimony  to  his  inti- 
mate knowledge  of  law.  The  former  act 
has  been  universally  admitted  by  the  courts 
to  be  superior  to  the  Dominion  Jact,  while 
the  latter  ranks  equally  high.  The  enquete 
is  made  before  one  judge  only,  and  the  case 
is  pleaded  before  three  judges,  whose  de- 
cision is  final,  whereas  in  the  case  of  the 
Federal  law,  a  controverted  election  case 
that  can  be  carried  in  appeal  to  the  Su- 
preme Court  is  distasteful  to  the  people  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  and  an  appeal  in- 
variably entails  long  delays  and  enormous 
costs.  The  Superannuated  Fund  law,  pro- 
viding for  the  widows  and  orphans  of  civil 
servants,  is  also  due  to  Mr.  Angers.  This 
law  is  now  in  force,  and  gives  satisfaction 
to  all  the  parties  concerned.  Not  the  least 
important  of  the  laws  introduced  by  Mr.  An- 
gers, and  carried  through  the  Lower  House, 
in  1876,  was  the  act  framed  by  the  govern- 
ment concerning  education,  and  giving 
control  to  both  Catholics  and  Protestants 
over  their  respective  educational  matters. 
It  was  mainly  due  to  his  efforts  that  the 
new  departmental  buildings  were  erected 
in  Quebec,  this  being  a  guarantee  that  the 
historic  city  and  the  capital  of  letters  of  the 
Dominion  will  permanently  retain  the  seat 
of  provincial  government.  Montreal  and- 
many  other  municipalities  having  failed  to 


meet  their  obligations  with  respect  to  the 
grants  they  had  voted  to  the  North  Shore 
Railway,  a  measure  was  introduced  during 
the  session  of  1877-8,  to  compel  these  mun- 
icipalities to  hand  over  the  amounts  they 
owed  to  the  provincial  treasury.  Great 
importance  was  attached  to  this  measure,, 
inasmuch  as  the  province  would  have  had 
to  pay  the  large  amounts  subscribed  by  the 
municipalities  if  the  latter  were  allowed  to 
evade  their  just  liabilities.  This  bill,  how- 
ever, as  well  as  another  government  meas- 
ure having  for  its  object  an  increase  of  rev- 
enue, created  some  agitation  in  political 
circles.  The  lieutenant-governor,  Mr.  Le- 
tellier  de  Saint-Just,  a  strong  Liberal  par- 
san,  who  had  been  a  bitter  enemy  of  the 
Conservative  party  during  twenty  years, 
dismissed  the  de  Boucherville  administra- 
tion from  power  on  divers  pretexts,  proved 
groundless  since,  alleging  among  other  pre- 
tences, that  the  premier  had  not  obtained 
the  consent  of  the  Crown  before  introduc- 
ing the  two  measures  above  mentioned.  It 
was  shown  afterwards  that  Mr.  de  Boucher- 
ville had  obtained  from  the  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor a  blank  form  for  the  introduction  of 
the  government's  financial  measures.  On 
the  dismissal  of  Mr.  de  Boucherville,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  took  the  leadership 
of  the  Conservative  opposition,  and  caused 
the  legislature  to  adopt  several  votes  of 
want  of  confidence  in  the  Liberal  govern- 
ment, with  Mr.  Joly  as  premier.  The  latter 
appealed  to  the  electorate,  and  at  the  gen- 
eral election  held  on  the  28th  of  May,  1878, 
Mr.  Augers  was  defeated  in  his  constituen- 
cy ( Montmorency )  by  a  vote  of  twelve. 
His  defeat  was  due  partly  to  the  united  en- 
ergies of  the  Liberal  party,  and  partly  to 
the  influence  of  the  city  of  Quebec,  whose 
million  Mr.  Angers  had  endeavoured  to  ob- 
tain for  the  province,  were  thrown  in  the 
balance  against  him.  Thoroughly  con- 
vinced that  the  conduct  of  the  lieutenant- 
governor  was  contrary  to  the  usages  of  re- 
sponsible government,  and  that  such  a  pre- 
cedent would  prove  dangerous  to  provincial 
rights,  Mr.  Angers  determined  to  bend  his 
energies  towards  procuring  the  dismissal  of 
Mr.  Letellier,  and  when  Sir  John  A.  Mac- 
donald  came  into  power  at  Ottawa,  at  the 
general  elections  of  1878,  he  (Mr.  Angers), 
tpgether  with  Hon.  J.  A.  Ouimet  (now 
Speaker,  1887),  and  the  late  Hon.  Justice 
Mousseau,  took  steps  to  attain  that  object, 
and  their  efforts  were  crowned  with  success. 


244 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


In  1880,  Mr.  Angers  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Commons  for  the  county 
of  Montmorency  by  an  enormous  majority, 
and  after  sitting  one  session,  was  elevated 
to  the  bench,  to  the  great  regret  of  his 
friends  who  had  every  reason  to  believe 
that  a  brilliant  political  career  was  still  in 
store  for  him.  After  the  election  of  1886, 
the  provincial  premiership  was  offered  to 
Mr.  Angers,  but  as  his  acceptance  of  the 
post  involved  a  question  of  principle,  he 
did  not  feel  inclined  to  accept  it,  and  on  the 
Hon.  L.  O.  Taillon's  resignation,  Mr.  Mer- 
cier  was  offered  the  position,  which  he  ac- 
cepted. The  parliamentary  career  of  Mr. 
Angers  showed  that  as  a  debater  he  had  no 
superior,  and  few  equals  in  the  country. 
A  generous  heart,  a  manly,  straightforward 
character,  an  unblemished  reputation,  pro- 
found legal  learning,  such  are  the  sterling 
qualities  that  will  make  of  Mr.  Angers  an 
honour  and  an  ornament  to  the  Canadian 
bench.  It  may  be  added  that  he  is  a  Can- 
adian, in  the  sense  it  is  understood  by  the 
men  who  intend  to  make  this  Dominion  a 
great  country. 

Wood,  Robert  Edwin,  Barrister, 
Peterboro',  Ontario,  was  born  on  the  31st 
of  August,  1847,  in  the  township  of  South 
Monaghan,  county  of  Northumberland.  His 
father,  Robert  Wood,  emigrated  from  York- 
shire, England,  and  settled  in  South  Mona- 
ghan, in  1833,  and  died  in  1857.  His 
mother  was  Sarah  Armstrong,  of  Monaghan, 
Ireland.  Eobert  was  educated  at  the  Co- 
bourg  Grammar  School  and  Victoria  Col- 
lege. He  graduated  in  arts  in  1873,  and 
immediately  afterwards  entered  the  law 
office  of  the  late  John  Coyne,  then  M.P.P. 
for  the  county  of  Peel.  Upon  this  gentle- 
man's death,  he  entered  the  office  of  the  late 
W.  H.  Scott,  M.P.P.,  Peterboro',  and  after- 
wards studied  with  Edward  Martin,  Q.C., 
Hamilton.  He  passed  his  final  examination 
in  Trinity  term,  1876,  but  owing  to  the  fact 
that  only  two  years  and  nine  months  had 
elapsed  between  his  primary  and  final  ex- 
amination, he  could  not  be  called  to  the 
bar  until  Michaelmas  term  of  the  same  year. 
He  then  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in 
Peterboro',  in  September,  1876,  and  has  so 
continued  to  the  present.  He  has  a  large 
and  increasing  practice,  and  owes  his  pre- 
sent position  mainly  to  his  own  energy  and 
exertions.  In  March,  1886,  upon  the  eleva- 
tion of  C.  A.  Weller  to  the  bench,  he  re- 
ceived from  the  Ontario  government  the 


appointment  of  county  crown  attorney,  and 
clerk  of  the  peace  for  the  county  of  Peter- 
boro' (on  the  31st  of  March,  1886.)  Mr. 
Wood  takes  a  deep  interest  in  Masonry, 
and  is  master  of  Corinthian  lodge,  No.  101, 
A.  F.  and  A.  M.  He  was  master  of  the  same 
lodge  in  1883.  Prior  to  his  present  appoint- 
ment to  office,  he  took  a  leading  part  in  all 
parliamentary  contests,  on  the  Reform  side, 
principally  in  advpcating  the  principles  of 
this  party  from  the  platform.  Mr.  Wood  is 
an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He 
was  married  on  the  17th  of  February,  1881, 
to  Henrietta  Frances,  daughter  of  the  late 
Philip  Roblin,  of  Rednersville,  Prince  Ed- 
ward county,  Ontario. 

Flynn,  Hon.  Edmund  Jame§,  Q.C., 
LL.D.,  Quebec,  M.P.P.  for  Gaspe  county, 
is  a  native  of  the  county  he  so  ably  repre- 
sents hi  the  Quebec  legislature,  having  been 
born  at  Perce,  on  the  16th  of  November, 
1847.  His  father,  the  late  James  Flynn, 
who  was  of  Irish  descent,  was  during  his 
lifetime  a  trader  and  farmer  in  Perce,  the 
place  of  his  birth.  His  mother,  Elizabeth 
Tostevin,  was  also  a  native  of  Perce,  though 
her  father  was  from  the  island  of  Guernsey, 
one  of  the  English  channel  islands  in  Eu- 
rope. The  Hon.  Mr.  Flynn  was  educated  at 
the  Quebec  Seminary,  and  at  the  Laval  Uni- 
versity, Quebec,  graduating  with  honours, 
having  taken  at  Laval  the  degree  of  master- 
in-law  (LL.L.),  in  July,  1873.  And  Laval 
again,  in  1878,  presented  him  with  the  de- 
gree of  LL.D.  He  adopted  law  as  a  pro- 
fession, and  in  September,  1873,  he  was 
called  to  the  bar  of  Quebec,  and  has  ever 
since  continued  to  practice  as  barrister,  etc., 
in  the  ancient  capital.  Previous  to  this 
time,  he,  from  1867  to  1869,  held  the  posi- 
tions of  deputy-registrar,  deputy-prothono- 
tary,  deputy-clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the 
Crown  and  of  the  Peace,  for  the  county  of 
Gaspe,  conjointly  with  that  of  secretary - 
treasurer  of  Perce  municipality.  He  has 
been  a  professor  of  Roman  law  in  Laval 
University  since  1874.  From  the  29th  of 
October,  1879,  to  the  31st  of  July,  1882,  he 
was  commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  for  the 
province  of  Quebec;  commissioner  of  Rail- 
ways, from  the  llth  of  February,  1884,  till 
July,  1886,  and  solicitor- general  from  12th 
May,  1885,  till  the  20th  of  January,  1887. 
The  Hon.  Mr.  Flynn  was  made  a  Queen's 
counsel  in  1887.  He  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  political  affairs  for  the  past  four- 
teen years,  and  has  been  a  candidate  at  eight 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


245 


different  elections  for  Gaspe  county.  First 
in  1874,  when  he  presented  himself  as  a 
candidate  for  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons at  Ottawa,  but  afterwards  withdrew 
from  the  field  when  he  was  made  a  professor 
in  Laval  University,  considering  it  incom- 
patible to  hold  both  offices.  Again  in  1875 
and  1877,  for  the  Quebec  legislature,  when 
he  was  defeated  after  a  very  severe  contest, 
there  being  only  small  majorities  against 
him,  especially  in  1877.  This  election  he 
contested,  and  unseated  his  opponent  ;  and 
the  following  year,  on  the  29th  of  April,  he 
was  elected  by  acclamation.  On  his  enter- 
ing the  Chapleau  cabinet  in  the  fall  of  1879, 
as  commissioner  of  Crown  Lands,  he  was 
again  elected  by  acclamation.  At  the  gen- 
eral election  held  in  1881,  Mr.  Flynn  was 
once  more  elected  by  acclamation.  On  his 
accepting  office  in  the  Ross  cabinet  in  1884, 
which  necessitated  an  appeal  to  the  elector- 
ate, he  was  stoutly  opposed  by  Major  John 
Slous,  but  he  beat  this  gentleman  by  a  ma- 
jority of  988  votes.  At  the  general  election 
held  in  October,  1886,  he  once  more  pre- 
sented himself  for  election,  and  was  returned 
by  acclamation  by  his  old  friends  at  Gaspe. 
The  Hon.  Mr.  Flynn  has  always  been  in 
principle  a  Liberal-Conservative.  By  his 
struggles  in  the  county  of  Gasp<£,  he  has 
succeeded  in  securing  for  the  electors  com- 
plete freedom  and  independence  in  the  ex- 
ercise of  their  franchise,  which  had  been 
affected  by  the  interference  of  certain  large 
commercial  firms.  In  the  legislature  the 
part  played  by  Hon.  Mr.  Flynn  has  been 
most  prominent  as  regards  constitutional 
questions  in  particular.  He  has  won  for 
himself  the  well  -  deserved  reputation  of 
being  a  strong  and  energetic  upholder  of 
constitutional  liberty;  in  proof  of  this  it 
will  suffice  to  refer  to  his  noble  and  manly 
defence  of  the  liberty  of  the  press  in  the 
case  of  the  Nouvelliste,  in  1885,  and  his 
most  eloquent  speech  on  the  question  of 
Home  Kule  for  Ireland,  etc.  His  attention 
has  been  given  to  many  other  subjects  of 
importance,  such  as  that  of  colonization, 
which  he  has  always  and  ever  endeavoured 
to  promote.  He  is  the  author  of  a  home- 
stead law  for  the  benefit  of  settlers.  His 
administration  of  the  crown  lands  was 
marked  with  an  increase  in  the  revenue,  in- 
crease in  the  value  of  timber  limits,  mineral 
lands, — and  by  many  useful  rules  and  regu- 
lations, calculated  to  promote  colonization 
and  the  welfare  of  the  many  persons  in  the 


province  who  are  occupiers  of  crown  lands. 
Many  other  important  measures  were  framed 
by  him  and  carried  through  the  legislature 
through  him,  namely :  The  Quebec  General 
Mining  Act  of  1880;  several  acts  concern- 
ing the  crown  lands,  railways,  the  protec- 
tion of  forests,  and  encouragement  of  plant- 
ing of  trees,  etc.  He  has  also  always  taken 
a  most  lively  interest  in  the  question  of  the 
construction  of  a  railway  from  Metapedia, 
on  the  Intercolonial  Railway  to  Paspebiac 
and  Gaspe'  Basin.  m  Grants  in  land  were  se- 
cured in  1882,  whilst  he  was  commissioner  of 
Crown  Lands,  and  the  same  were  converted 
into  money  grants  under  his  auspices  as 
commissioner  of  railways.  He  believes  that 
in  the  construction  of  this  line  rests  the 
future  welfare  of  the  population  of  the 
Gaspe  peninsula.  His  travels  have  been 
always  directed  towards  the  acquisition  of 
a  complete  knowledge  of  Canada,  and  the 
different  parts  thereof.  In  religion  he  is  a 
Roman  Catholic.  He  was  married  on  the 
llth  May,  1875,  to  Maria  Mathilde  Augus- 
tine, daughter  of  Augustin  Cote,  editor  of 
Le  Journal  de  Quebec,  and  niece  to  the  late 
Hon.  Joseph  Cauchon,  heretofore  lieuten- 
ant-governor of  Manitoba,  etc.  He  has  had 
eight  children,  of  whom  six  are  still  living. 
He  resides  in  Quebec  city. 

Hanington,  Hon.  Daniel  I>.,Q.C., 
M.P.P.  for  the  county  of  Westmoreland, 
residence,  Dorchester,  New  Brunswick,  was 
born  at  Shediac,  N.B.,  on  the  27th  June, 
1835.  His  father,  Colonel  Hanington,  was 
for  long  years  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
and  Legislative  Council  of  New  Brunswick ; 
and  his  mother  Margaret  Peters,  a  daughter 
of  William  Peters,  a  U.  E.  loyalist,  who  for 
years  represented  Queens  county  in  the  New 
Brunswick  legislature.  Daniel,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  received  a  Grammar  School 
and  academic  education  at  Shediac  and 
Sackville,  in  his  native  county.  After  leav- 
ing school  he  commenced  the  study  of  law 
with  Charles  Fisher,  attorney -general,  of 
Fredericton,  and  finished  with  Judge  A.  L. 
Palmer,  of  Dorchester;  was  called  to  the 
bar  of  New  Brunswick  in  1861;  and  on  the 
llth  November,  1881,  was  appointed  a 
Queen's  counsel.  Mr.  Hanington  has  been 
very  successful  in  his  profession,  and  has 
a  large  practice  in  the  courts  of  his  native 
province,  and  as  counsel  in  Nova  Scotia 
and  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Dominion. 
From  1867  to  1870  he  occupied  the  posi- 
tion of  clerk  of  circuits  and  clerk  of  the 


246 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


county  court  of  Westmoreland,  when  he 
resigned  those  offices  to  contest  the  elec- 
tion of  that  year,  and  was  chosen  to  repre- 
sent the  county  of  Westmoreland  in  the 
New  Brunswick  House  of  Assembly.  He 
sat  therein  until  the  summer  of  1874,  when 
on  again  appealing  for  re-election,  he  was 
defeated  on  the  "  Bible  and  religious  in- 
struction in  the  Common  Schools"  ques- 
tion, which  he  advocated.  However,  he  was 
again  chosen  at  the  general  elections  of 
1878,  1882,  and  1886,  to  represent  his  old 
constituency.  In  July,  1878,  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  Executive  Council ; 
and  on  the  25th  May,  of  the  year  1882,  he 
became  premier;  In  February,  1883,  he 
resigned  office  with  his  colleagues.  Mr. 
Hanington  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest 
in  educational  matters,  and  for  about  seven- 
teen years  was  a  school  trustee.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Liberal  of  the  old  New  Brunswick 
school  of  politicians  ;  is  a  supporter  of  the 
Liberal-Conservative  government  at  Otta- 
wa, and  took  an  active  part  in  the  last  Do- 
minion election.  He  is  an  adherent  of  the 
Episcopal  church,  which  he  represents  in 
the  Diocesan  and  also  the  Provincial  Synod. 
In  October,  1861,  Hon.  Mr.  Hanington  was 
married  to  Emily  Myers,  daughter  of  Tho- 
mas Kobert  Wetmore,  barrister- at-law,  and 
judge  of  probate,  Gagetown,  N.B.  The 
fruits  of  this  marriage  have  been  seven 
children,  three  sons  and  four  daughters. 

Jttellisli,  John  Thomas,  M.A.,  Hali- 
fax, Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  Pownal, 
Prince  Edward  Island,  on  January  26th, 
1841.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of  the  late 
James  Lewis  Mellish,  of  the  same  place, 
and  Margaret  Sophia,  his  wife,  daughter  of 
John  Murray,  formerly  of  Tullamore,  Ire- 
land; grandson  of  Thomas  Mellish,  known 
in  his  day  as  "a  most  loyal  British  subject, 
and  a  devoted  adherent  of  the  Church  of 
England  ;"  and  great  grandson  of  Thomas 
Mellish,  an  officer  of  the  British  army,  and 
member  of  an  old  and  highly  respectable 
English  family,  who  settled  on  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island  in  1770.  Captain  Mellish  was 
for  many  years  provost  marshal  or  sheriff  of 
the  island,  collector  of  customs,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislative  Assembly.  An  inter- 
esting trial  took  place  at  Charlottetown,  in 
the  early  part  of  1779,  arising  from  his 
seizure  of  the  convoy  ship  Duchess  of  Gor- 
don, for  smuggling.  He  took  an  active 
interest  in  the  defence  of  the  colony  during 
the  American  war,  and  was  on  military 


duty,  assisting  in  raising  troops  at  Halifax 
and  Fort  Cumberland,  during  the  winter  of 
1779-80,  returning  to  the  island  in  the  fol- 
lowing spring.  James  Lewis  Mellish,  the 
father  of  John  Thomas  Mellish,  died  on  the 
14th  June,  1886,  in  the  seventy-ninth  year 
of  his  age.  His  mother,  a  native  of  New 
York,  was  a  daughter  of  the  late  James 
Lewis  Hayden,  J.P.,  a  loyalist,  who  re- 
moved from  Shelburne,  N.S.,  to  the  island 
in  1785,  having  left  New  York  in  1783.  A 
newspaper  extract  says :  "  We  have  to  re- 
cord the  death  of  one  of  our  oldest  and 
most  highly  respected  citizens.  James  L. 
Mellish,  Esq.,  late  of  Pownal,  departed  this 
life  on  the  14th  inst.,  at  the  residence  of  his 
son,  Stewiacke,  N.S.,  whither  he  had  gone 
a  short  time  before  on  a  visit.  His  remains 
were  brought  home  for  interment.  In  his 
death  the  community  loses  a  most  worthy 
and  upright  citizen.  Energy,  strength 
and  integrity  were  united  in  his  character. 
From  his  youth  up  he  was  a  devoted  and 
active  member  and  office-holder  of  the  Me- 
thodist church.  He  spent  his  life  for  the 
most  part  on  his  farm  at  the  place  of  his 
birth.  Mr.  Mellish  married,  March  25th, 
1840,  Miss  Margaret  Sophia  Murray,  a  lady 
of  strong  mind  and  superior  attainments, 
of  whose  companionship  he  was  deprived 
by  death  about  ten  years  ago.  Their  mar- 
ried life  was  blessed  with  ten  children,  each 
one  of  whom  is  to-day  occupying  a  position 
of  usefulness  and  responsibility."  John 
Thomas  Mellish,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
was  educated  at  Prince  of  Wales  College, 
Charlottetown,  and  Mount  Allison  College, 
Sackville,  New  Brunswick,  and  holds  from 
the  latter  the  degrees  of  B.A.  and  M.A. 
On  the  opening  of  Cumberland  County 
Academy,  Amherst,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1865, 
Mr.  Mellish,  who  had  been  teaching  at 
Guysborough,  was  selected  to  fill  the  po- 
sition of  head  master,  but  resigned  in  1870, 
in  order  to  accept  a  situation  in  Mount 
Allison  College  and  Male  Academy,  and 
was  head  master  of  this  academy  from 
1871  to  1874.  In  the  latter  year,  he  was 
appointed  on  his  own  terms  to  the  principal- 
ship  of  Albro  Street  School,  Halifax,  the 
largest  school  in  the  province.  At  the  close 
of  1880,  the  strain  of  constant  school  work 
on  Mr.  Mellish' s  health  compelled  him  to 
place  his  resignation  in  the  hands  of  the 
Halifax  school  commissioners,  although 
that  body  the  year  before  had  raised  his 
salary  for  the  third  time,  and  designated 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


247 


him  to  the  position  in  the  High  School,  va- 
cated by  the  late  Dr.  H.  A.  Bayne,  on  his 
appointment  to  the  Royal  Military  College, 
Kingston.  Official  records  and  reports 
testi  y  to  the  great  value  of  Mr.  Mellish's 
services  in  the  cause  of  education.  The  Supe- 
rior School  grant  was  awarded  to  him  when 
at  Guysborough,  his  school  being  ranked 
as  best  in  the  county.  While  in  charge  of 
the  academy  at  Amherst,  he  prepared  a 
large  number  of  students  to  matriculate  in 
the  different  colleges,  and  a  still  larger  num- 
ber to  pass  the  examinations  for  teachers' 
licenses,  from  the  academy  or  grade  A 
license  down.  The  last  year  he  was  at 
Mount  Allison,  it  was  found  necessary  to 
add  six  additional  dormitories,  in  order  to  ac- 
commodate the  increased  number  of  board- 
ers in  the  academy.  Mr.  Mellish  has  in  his 
possession  not  less  than  a  dozen  compli- 
mentary addresses  and  quite  a  number  of 
pieces  of  plate,  books,  &c.,  presented  to  him 
by  his  pupils,  on  anniversary  and  other  oc- 
casions. In  the  summer  of  1874,  he  made 
the  tour  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and 
has  since  delivered  on  many  occasions  a 
lecture  entitled,  "  My  Visit  to  Scotland." 
He  frequently  lectures  on  different  subjects, 
and  contributes  to  the  newspaper  press  ;  is 
the  author  of  various  papers  and  pamphlets 
on  educational  and  kindred  topics,  and  of 
several  papers  on  scientific  subjects,  pub- 
lishel  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Nova  Scotia 
Institute  of  Natural  Science  ;  is  a  mem- 
b3r  of  the  institute,  and  was  associate  sec- 
retary with  the  Rev.  D.  Honeyman,  D.C.L., 
in  1875-80  ;  has  been  president  of  the 
Teachers'  Institutes,  at  different  places;  is 
a  magistrate,  and  a  local  examiner  of  the 
University  of  London  ;  was  for  several 
years  a  vice-president  of  the  Halifax  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association ;  and  is  a  lay 
preacher  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr. 
Mellish  married,  July  18th,  1867,  Martha 
Jane,  only  surviving  daughter  of  the  late 
Benjamin  Chappell,  of  Charlottetown.  They 
have  six  children  living, — Arthur,  Alfred 
Ernest,  Mary  Sophia,  Anne  Elizabeth,  Mar- 
tha Louise,  and  Frances,  and  one,  John 
Thomas,  died  in  infancy.  All  the  children 
old  enough  are  going' to  school.  Arthur 
belongs  ^o  No.  3  Co  ,  82nd  battalion  mili- 
tia, and  with  his  company  was  called  out 
and  ordered  to  proceed  to  the  front  during 
the  North- We-t  rebellion.  Every  prepara- 
tion was  made  to  start,  but  after  the  com- 
pany had  been  in  barracks  about  a  fortnight, 


the  order  was  countermanded  on  account  of 
the  capture  of  Kiel.  Mr.  Mellish  has  four 
brothers  and  five  sisters :  Kev.  I.  M.  Mellish, 
Methodist  minister,  NOVH  Scotia  conference, 
formerly  captain  in  reserve  militia ;  H.  Pope, 
farmer,  Stewiacke  ;  James  Roland,  chief 
agent  British  American  Book  and  Tract 
Society,  Halifax;  Humphrey,  mathematical 
master,  Pictou  Academy,  B.A.,  of  Dalhousie 
College,  matriculated  with  honours,  first 
division  in  London  University;  Anne,  wife 
of  J.  L.  Archibald,  J.  P.,  of  Halifax;  Catha- 
rine Douglas,  wife  of  Philip  Large,  Char- 
lottetown ;  Mary  (widow  of  the  late  A.  N. 
Archibald,  of  Halifax),  chief  preceptress 
Mount  Allison  Ladies'  College,  Sackville, 
New  Brunswick  ;  Martha  Janet,  and  Mar- 
garet Elizabeth,  unmarried. 

Moody,  Rev.  John  Tlioma§  Tid- 
marsli,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Yarmouth,  Nova 
Scotia.  This  deceased  divine  was  born  at 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  25th  of  March, 
1804.  His  father,  John  Moody,  who  was  one 
of  the  earliest  merchants  of  Halifax,  was 
born  in  New  York,  June  19th,  1779.  His 
great  grandfather,  John  Moody,  was  born  in 
London,  and  also  his  grandfather,  Thomas 
Moody,  were  loyalists.  The  family  came 
to  Nova  Scotia  about  the  year  1783.  His 
mother  was  Mary  R.  Tidmarsh,  of  Halifax. 
His  parents  were  married  in  1800,  and  both 
lived  to  a  great  age,  Mr.  Moody  to  his  92nd 
and  Mrs.  Moody  to  her  86th  year.  The 
Rev.  Dr.  Moody  received  his  education  at 
King's  College,  Windsor  ;  took  his  B.  A. 
degree  in  1824  ;  M.A.  in  1833,  and  had  the 
degree  of  D.D.  (hon.)  conferred,  at  the 
Encoenia  of  1883,  only  a  few  months  before 
his  death.  He  was  ordained  deacon  by  the 
Rt.  Rev.  John  Inglis,  D.D.,  bishop  of  Nova 
Scotia,  who  also  ordained  him  priest  in  the 
following  year.  Immediately  after  his  or- 
dination as  deacon,  he  was  appointed  to  the 
rectorship  of  Liverpool,  N.S.,  where  he  suc- 
ceeded the  Rev.  W.  Twining,  the  first  rec- 
tor, and  had  charge  of  this  parish  for  nearly 
twenty  years.  His  work  was  largely  of  a 
missionary  character  throughout  the  county 
of  Queens  ;  and  he  was  also  chairman  of 
the  board  of  school  commissioners  during 
that  time.  Before  leaving  Liverpool  he  had 
the  satisfaction  of  seeing  his  parish  church 
much  enlarged,  two  chapels  and  several 
school-houses  erected  in  the  rural  districts, 
and  the  communicants  increased  from  19  to 
200.  Rev.  Dr.  Moody's  second  appointment 
was  that  of  rector  of  Yarmouth,  in  1846. 


248 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


This  position  he  held  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  took  place,  suddenly,  of  apo- 
plexy, on  the  morning  of  the  18th  of  Octo- 
ber, 1883.  During  this  period  he  saw  the 
number  of  communicants  in  his  parish  more 
than  trebled,  and  baptized,  during  his  min- 
istry of  fifty-one  years,  considerably  over 
2,000  persons.  The  present  parish  church, 
which  bears  the  name  of  Holy  Trinity,  was 
consecrated  in  1872  by  the  late  Kt.  Rev. 
Hibbert  Binney,  D.D.,  bishop  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia. It  is  a  very  handsome  brick  structure, 
in  the  early  English  period  of  architecture, 
and  will  seat  about  700  persons.  There  are 
also  two  handsome  school-houses  in  this 
parish.  The  church  property  is  valued  at 
about  $40,000.  One  of  the  most  pleasing 
events  of  his  later  years  was  the  celebration 
of  his  golden  wedding,  on  Tuesday,  14th 
of  September,  1880.  His  surviving  children 
were  all  present  on  that  occasion.  His  par- 
ishioners and  other  friends  took  that  oppor- 
tunity of  presenting  him  and  his  estimable 
wife  with  a  cordial  address,  accompanied 
with  a  valuable  present,  as  a  slight  token 
of  their  affectionate  respect.  We  quote  the 
following  from  his  obituary  notice,  which 
appeared  in  the  Yarmouth  Herald  of  Oct. 
25th,  1883  :— 

Surrounded  by  his  sorrowing  family,  his  sainted 
spirit  passed  into  the  eternal  sunlight  before  sick- 
ness had  weakened  his  frame,  or  age  had  dimmed 
his  faculties.  He  died  in  the  eightieth  year  of 
his  age,  beloved  and  honored  not  merely  in  the 
church  of  which,  for  thirty-seven  years  continu- 
ously, he  had  been  pastor,  not  in  the  wide  family 
circle  with  which  he  was  connected,  but  univer- 
sally wherever  he  was  known,  by  people  of  all 
ages,  classes,  and  creeds.  A  well-rounded,  com- 
plete, and  in  many  respects  beautiful  life  had  come 
to  its  close.  Nothing  was  lacking  to  the  com- 
pletion of  his  work.  Dr.  Moody  was,  in  many 
respects,  a  unique  and  singularly  attractive  char- 
acter. As  a  preacher  his  manner  was  expressive 
of  sincerity  of  thought,  love  for  his  people,  and 
a  deep  desire  to  do  good,  which  impressed  alike 
the  thoughtless  and  the  reverend.  His  discourses 
were  simple  in  outline,  clear  and  unambiguous  in 
expression,  and  pervaded  with  the  profoundest 
piety  and  love  for  souls.  His  manner  was  singu- 
larly benignant  and  attractive,  and  his  presence 
amid  scenes  of  sorrow  and  suffering  was  always 
effective  and  consoling.  His  rendering  of  the  no- 
ble ritual  of  the  church  has  ever  been  marked 
for  its  power  and  pathos,  his  voice  being  rich, 
full,  harmonious,  and  exquisitely  modulated, 
without  the  least  appearance  of  study  or  affecta- 
tion. There  seemed  very  little  alloy  of  human 
passion  in  his  humanity  ;  the  closer  the  acquaint- 
ance the  more  complete,  happy  and  more  fully 
satisfactory  appeared  the  soul  of  the  man  as  thus 
revealed  to  the  observer.  He  was  firm  in  his  ad- 
herence to  the  rules  and  principles  of  his  own 
communion,  and  conscientious  to  a  degree,  in  in- 


sisting upon  their  observance  by  all  who  sought 
his  advice  or  his  sympathy,  but  he  was  broad  in 
his  sympathies  and  generous  in  his  charities,  as 
well.  Among  all  denominations  he  was  beloved 
and  reverenced  for  his  high-miudedness,  his  court- 
esy, his  unvarying  avoidance  of  all  unseemly  con- 
troversies, and  his  evident  anxiety  to  promote  af- 
fection and  harmony  among  men  of  all  creeds. 
His  manner  was  dignified,  but  winning  ;  old  and 
young  alike  were  attracted  to  him,  recognizing 
instinctively,  that  he  was  a  Christian  and  a  gen- 
tleman, and  that  his  kindly  interest  in  them  came 
from  the  sincere  depths  of  a  genuinely  good  na- 
ture. 

He  joined 

Each  office  of  the  social  hour 
To  noble  manners,  as  the  flower 
And  native  growth  of  noble  mind. 

Dr.  Moody  was  married  on  the  14th  of 
September,  1830,  to  Sarah  Bond,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Henry  G.  Farish,M.D.r 
of  Yarmouth.  His  widow  survived  himr 
but  entered  into  her  rest  on  the  20th  of 
May,  1887,  universally  beloved  and  revered. 
They  had  a  family  of  nine  children,  only 
four  of  whom,  three  daughters  and  one  son, 
survive  them.  Their  eldest  son,  John  T.r 
rector  of  Tusket,  N.S.,  died  on  the  4th  of 
October,  1864,  leaving  a  widow  and  three 
children.  Their  second  son,  Henry  G., 
was  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  New  York,  and  died  on 
the  30th  of  July,  1873,  leaving  a  widow. 
James  C.,  the  only  surviving  son,  is  a  grad- 
uate of  the  University  of  New  York,  and  is 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  and 
surgery  at  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia. 

Crinion,  Rev.  James  Eugene,  Pas- 
tor of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  Dunn- 
ville,  Ontario,  was  born  on  the  13th  of 
April,  1859,  in  the  parish  of  Slane,  county 
of  Meath,  Ireland,  and  came  to  Canada  in 
1874.  He  received  his  primary  education 
in  St.  Finian's  Academy,  Navan,  Meath 
county,  Ireland,  and  continued  his  studies 
at  St.  Michael's  College,  Toronto,  complet- 
ing his  theological  course  at  the  Grand 
Seminary,  at  Montreal.  The  Eev.  Father 
Crinion  was  the  youngest  of  the  thirteen 
students  brought  over  from  Ireland  in  1874, 
by  the  late  Bishop  Crinnon,  the  year  that 
right  rev.  prelate  was  consecrated  bishop. 
After  leaving  Montreal,  Mr.  Crinion  went  to 
Hamilton,  and  was  ordained  a  priest  by 
Bishop  Crinnon  on  the  30th  June,  1881,  in 
St.  Mary's  Cathedral,  who  then  appointed 
him  assistant  priest  of  the  parish  of  Arthur, 
Wellington  county,  Ontario.  In  this  charge 
he  remained  two  years,  and  then  revisited 
the  scenes  of  his  youth,  in  Ireland.  On  his 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


249 


return  to  Canada,  he  was  appointed  curate 
of  St.  Basil's  Church,  Brantford.  From  this 
place,  on  the  8th  September,  1886,  he  was 
transferred  to  Dunnville,  and  made  first 
resident  pastor  of  that  parish.  Here  he  has 
done  good  work,  and  succeeded  in  erecting 
a  handsome  new  church,  which  is  a  credit 
to  him  and  his  congregation,  and  an  orna- 
ment to  the  village.  Its  foundation  or  cor- 
ner stone  was  blessed  and  laid  on  July  1st, 
1886,  by  the  Right  Rev.  Dr.  Carbary.  The 
style  of  architecture  is  Italian.  The  building 
consists  of  a  nave  seventy  feet  long  by  thirty- 
five  feet  wide,  with  chancel  eighteen  feet  deep 
by  twenty-one  feet  wide,  having  on  the  east 
side  a  beautiful  Lady  chapel,  and  on  the 
west  side  a  commodious  sacristy.  The  chan- 
cel arch  is  ornamented  with  pilasters,  sur- 
mounted by  a  rich  classic  moulding.  The 
Lady  chapel  and  entrance  to  sacristy  have 
a  similar  finish.  The  ceiling  is  covered  with 
rich  mouldings.  Over  the  front  entrance  is 
a  good-sized  gallery,  calculated  to  accom- 
modate over  one  hundred  persons,  and  ex- 
quisitely finished  in  front.  The  high  altar, 
the  gift  of  Bishop  Carbary  to  the  church,  is 
a  splendid  specimen  of  classic  design  which 
adds  a  grace  and  beauty  to  the  entire  struc- 
ture. It  consists  of  the  altar  proper,  with 
super  altar  and  tabernacle.  The  reredos 
presents  a  large  ope,  with  circular  top,  for 
picture  of  the  crucifixion.  It  is  supported 
by  two  Corinthian  pilasters,  with  richly- 
carved  capitals,  supporting  a  frieze  and  en- 
tablature. On  the  frieze  is  the  inscription, 
"  Gloria  in  excelsis  Deo,"  and  in  the  pedi- 
ment of  entablature  is  a  dove,  emblem  of  the 
Holy  Ghost,  surrounded  by  rays.  Then  the 
entire  altar  is  surmounted  by  a  floriated 
cross.  The  altar  was  painted  by  Mr.  James, 
of  Dunnville,  in  a  flat  white,  with  the  carv- 
ings and  enrichments  richly  gilded.  The 
work  was  executed  by  Cruickshank,  of  Ham- 
ilton, and  reflects  great  credit  on  the  skill 
and  taste  of  the  artificers.  The  pews,  de- 
signed by  R.  Clohecy,  the  architect  of  the 
building,  were  made  by  Messrs.  Bennett,  of 
London,  and  finished  in  their  usual  careful 
manner.  The  entire  appearance  of  the  in- 
terior of  this  church  has  a  finished  and  pleas- 
ing effect.  The  front  of  the  church  has  a 
large  circular  window,  with  smaller  win- 
dows at  each  side,  and  a  great  door  for 
principal  entrance.  On  the  east  angle  of  the 
front  is  a  beautiful  campanile  rising  to  the 
height  of  seventy  feet.  In  this  companile, 
or  tower,  is  another  entrance  to  the  church 


for  winter  use.  It  also  contains  a  solid  stair- 
way to  the  gallery.  The  sides  of  the  church 
are  pierced  with  windows,  filled  with  orna- 
mental glass.  Between  the  windows  are 
buttresses,  which  give  an  air  of  strength  and 
massiveness  to  the  structure.  The  greatest 
credit  is  due  to  the  accomplished  architect, 
R.  Clohecy,  who  has  thus  given  a  solid 
proof  of  his  high  culture  and  good  taste,, 
and  has  produced  a  monumental  work  for 
the  good  catholics  of  Dunnville  mission. 
The  entire  cost  is  about  $8,000.  The  build- 
ing was  taken  up  by  Father  Crinion  in 
September,  1885.  The  care  and  watchful- 
ness he  bestowed  on  the  work  is  now  amply 
rewarded  by  having  one  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful churches  of  its  size  in  the  province 
of  Ontario  in  which  to  administer  to  the 
spiritual  wants  of  his  faithful  and  devoted 
people.  A  new  presbytery  is  now  in  course 
of  construction,  which  will  be  ready  for 
occupation  during  the  winter  of  1888. 

King,  Edwin  David,  M.  A.,  Q.  C., 
Barrister,  Halifax,  was  born  at  Onslow,  Col- 
chester county,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  26th  of 
December,  1841.  His  father,  John  King,  was 
a  Scotchman  by  birth  and  parentage,  and, 
on  his  mother's  side,  was  first  cousin  of  the 
distinguished  Scotch  philosopher,  Thomas 
Carlyle.  When  an  infant,  he  removed  with 
his  parents  to  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  con- 
tinued to  reside  until  his  death  in  June, 
1887,  in  the  eighty-second  year  of  his  age. 
For  a  long  period  he  had  been  an  active 
justice  of  the  peace,  having  at  one  time, 
for  some  ten  years,  filled  the  office  of  sti- 
pendiary magistrate,  for  the  town  of  Truro, 
where  he  resided  at  the  time  of  his  decease. 
In  November,  1828,  he  married  Sarah  Ann, 
only  daughter  of  the  late  Nathaniel  Mars- 
ters,  of  Onslow,  and  the  mother  of  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch.  She  is  still  living  at 
Truro.  Mr.  Marsters  was  a  loyalist  of  Eng- 
lish descent,  and  with  his  parents  removed 
to  Nova  Scotia  at  the  time  of  the  rebellion 
of  the  New  England  colonies.  He  repre- 
sented the  township  of  Onslow  for  some 
years  in  the  House  of  Assembly  of  Nova 
Scotia.  Edwin  David  King  early  mani- 
fested a  fondness  for  study,  and  could  read 
very  well  (so  we  have  been  told)  when  four 
years  of  age.  He  attended  such  schools  as 
Onslow  provided,  until  the  summer  of  the 
year  1856,  when,  being  in  feeble  health,  he 
was  sent  to  be  a  clerk  in  a  store  at  Anti- 
gonish,  with  the  promise,  however,  that 
if  at  the  end  of  two  years  his  health  im- 


250 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


proved,  and  he  still  desired  it,  he  should 
receive  a  legal  education.  He  accordingly 
left  Antigonish  in  1858,  and  took  the  high 
school  course  at  the  Provincial  Model  School, 
Truro.  Subsequently  he  studied  at  Aca- 
dia  College,  Wolfville,  where,  in  1863,  he 
graduated,  taking  the  B.  A.  degree  in  course, 
and  in  1866,  on  submitting  a  thesis,  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  M.  A.  In  September, 
1863,  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  the  law, 
and  removed  to  Wallace,  Nova  Scotia, 
where  he  was  articled  as  a  law  student  with 
Henry  Oldright,  barrister.  He  studied  with 
Mr.  Oldright  two  years,  during  which  time 
having  acquired  a  knowledge  of  phonogra- 
phy, he  spent  the  winters  in  Halifax,  as  as- 
sistant reporter  to  the  Legislative  Council, 
Mr.  Oldright  being  the  official  phonographic 
reporter  for  that  body.  In  1865,  his  articles 
of  clerkship  were  transferred  to  James  Beyer 
Smith,  Q.C.,  an  English  barrister,  registrar 
of  the  Court  of  Vice- Admiralty,  and  practis- 
ing at  Halifax.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Nova  Scotia  in  December,  1867,  since 
which  time  he  has  practised  his  profession 
at  Halifax,  and  has  also  been  a  member  of 
the  Barristers'  Society,  of  Nova  Scotia.  He 
is  now  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of 
King  &  Barss— W.  L.  Barss,  LL.B.  (Har- 
vard), having  been  admitted  a  partner  with 
him  in  January,  1877.  In  October,  1875,  he 
visited  Bermuda,  on  a  special  retainer,  as 
leading  counsel  for  defendant  in  the  cele- 
brated burial  case  of  James  vs.  Cassidy. 
(This  was  an  action  of  trespass  brought  by 
Bev.  Mr.  James,  rector  of  the  parish  of 
Hamilton,  against  Bev.  John  Cassidy,  then 
pastor  of  the  Methodist  Church  there,  for 
reading  the  Methodist  burial  service,  and 
officiating  at  the  burial  of  one  of  his  own 
congregation,  in  the  parish  church  yard, 
and,  at  the  time,  was  the  occasion  of  intense 
excitement  throughout  the  island).  In 
1884,  he  was  called  within  the  bar,  and  re- 
ceived letters  patent,  appointing  him  a 
Queen's  counsel.  Since  1875,  he  has  been 
retained  as  counsel  in  many  important  cases 
growing  out  of  the  Liverpool  Bank  failure  ; 
insurances  cases ;  actions  involving  the  title 
to  the  Shubenacadie  Canal,  etc.  He  has  a 
large  practice  in  the  Supreme  and  County 
Courts  of  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  King  became 
actively  associated  with  the  Nova  Scotia 
militia  in  1863,  and  in  1864  was  commis- 
sioned as  adjutant  of  the  4th  Cumberland 
regiment,  with  the  rank  of  captain.  On  re- 
moving to  Halifax  in  1865,  he  took  command 


of  a  company  in  the  llth  Halifax  regiment, 
and  remained  actively  connected  with  that 
corps  until  the  re-organization  of  the  mili- 
tia, under  the  Dominion  statutes  and  reg- 
ulations. He  is  a  member  of  the  Senate  of 
the  University  of  Acadia,  having  been  elect- 
ed in  1882,  and  he  is  also  a  governor  of 
Acadia  College,  to  which  position  he  was 
elected  in  1883.  In  1876,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  directors  of  the  Halifax  School 
for  the  Blind,  and  held  the  office  for  one 
year.  In  1872,  the  Halifax  School  Associa- 
tion for  promoting  the  efficiency  of  the 
public  schools  was  formed,  and  he  was  its 
first  secretary,  occupying  that  office  for 
three  years.  He  has  always  been  a  total 
abstainer  from  alcoholic  drinks,  having 
joined  the  cold  water  army  when  a  child. 
In  1863,  he  first  became  a  member  of  the 
order  of  Sons  of  Temperance,  and  in  1865, 
was  initiated  into  the  Grand  Division  of 
Nova  Scotia.  For  some  time  past  he  has, 
however,  ceased  to  be  an  active  member 
of  this  organization,  owing  to  the  pressure 
of  other  duties.  He  is  a  prominent  member 
of  the  Halifax  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation, and  is  one  of  the  six  trustees  in  whom 
its  property  is  vested,  having  been  first 
elected  to  that  office  in  1875.  He  has  also 
been  a  member  of  its  executive  committee 
for  many  years.  In  1871,  the  Sunday 
School  Association  of  the  Maritime  prov- 
inces was  formed,  and  he  has  ever  since 
been  an  active  promoter  of  that  work,  and 
has  thrice  filled  the  office  of  president  of 
the  association.  He  was  also  chairman  of 
its  executive  committee  from  1872  until 
1885,  when  separate  associations  for  the 
several  provinces  were  organized.  Since 
1885,  he  has  been  chairman  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  Sunday  School  As- 
sociation of  Nova  Scotia.  He  is  a  Liberal- 
Conservative  in  politics,  and  helped  to  kill 
repeal  in  February,  1887.  He  takes  an 
active  part  in  elections,  both  Dominion 
and  local.  On  the  college  question  he  is 
opposed  to  "consolidation,"  and  in  favour 
of  placing  higher  education  outside  the 
pale  of  state  support  or  control.  He  be- 
lieves that  the  smaller,  fairly  well  equipped 
colleges  in  our  country,  managed  and  sus- 
tained by  denominations  or  other  independ- 
ent agencies,  can  better  secure  the  guards 
and  checks,  and  afford  facilities  for  the  men- 
tal, moral,  and  Christian  culture,  demanded 
of  the  youth  of  our  country.  On  several 
occasions  he  has  publicly  supported  these 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


251 


views.    Ho  is  i  were  his  parents. 

He  united  with  tir  H  Church  at  Wolf  - 

ville,  in  1861,  and  s  J8,  he  has  been  a 

member  of  the  first  X  &  Church  in  Hali- 
fax. He  is  one  of  its  dea  jns,  superintendent 
of  its  Sunday  school,  and  chairman  of  its 
finance  committee.  On  the  6th  of  Febru- 
ary, 1869,  he  was  married  to  Minnie  S., 
eldest  daughter  of  John  W.  Barss,  who  is  a 
banker  and  justice  of  the  peace,  residing 
at  Wolrville,  Nova  Scotia.  This  gentleman 
is  well  known  in  the  Maritime  provinces, 
by  his  generous  benefactions  for  benevolent 
purposes.  Acadia  College,  Wolfville,  has 
been,  perhaps,  foremost  among  the  objects 
of  his  bounty,  having  received  donations 
from  him  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to 
$10,000  and  upwards.  Mrs.  King,  who  is 
a  native  of  Halifax,  received  her  education 
there  and  at  the  Ladies'  Seminary,  Warren, 
Rhode  Island,  United  States.  They  have 
no  children  of  their  own,  but  have  adopted 
as  their  daughter,  a  niece  of  Mrs.  King's, 
who  lives  with  them  at  Halifax. 

A  mini;  Rev.  J.  Cooper.  M.A.,  D.D., 
Montreal,  was  born  at  Huddersfield,  Eng- 
land, on  the  1st  February,  1844.  He  is 
the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Eev.  W.  Antiiff, 
D.D.,  who  for  fifty  years  enjoyed  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  one  of  the  bright  and 
shining  lights  of  Methodism  in  England. 
In  1862  he  was  made  editor  of  the  Connex- 
ional  Magazine,  and  for  five  successive  years 
held  that  post;  he  was  then  called  to  take 
charge  of  the  Theological  Institute  opened 
at  Sunderland,  and  for  thirteen  years  he 
acted  as  its  principal.  Rev.  Dr.  W.  Antiiff, 
we  may  here  add,  held  during  his  lifetime 
nearly  all  the  positions  of  honour  in  the 
power  of  his  denomination  to  bestow.  He 
was  a  forcible  and  effective  preacher,  pos- 
sessed of  great  natural  force  of  character, 
of  unbending  integrity,  good  literary  abil- 
ity, and  possessed  of  administrative  talents 
of  a  high  order.  The  Rev.  J.  Cooper  Ant- 
iiff, the  subject  of  our  sketch,  received  his 
educational  training  in  Haslingden  Wesley  - 
an  School,  and  at  Edinburgh  University. 
When  only  eighteen  years  of  age  he  became 
his  father's  colleague  to  whose  counsel  and 
example  he  owes  much  of  the  success  that 
has  so  far  attended  his  life  work.  After 
spending  sixteen  years  in  the  ministry 
in  the  British  conference,  in  1878  he  was 
sent  out  from  England  to  take  charge  of 
the  Primitive  Methodist  Church,  Carlton 
street,  Toronto,  for  five  years,  when  ac- 


cording to  the  arrangement  of  the  Confer- 
ence he  was  to  return  to  England.  But 
owing  to  the  union  of  the  Methodist  bodies 
in  Canada  in  1883,  he  abandoned  his  home- 
going,  and  was  appointed  to  the  office  of 
secretary  of  the  General  Conference  by  the 
united  bodies,  and  thereby  became  custo- 
dian of  the  public  documents  of  the  church 
and  keeper  of  its  records,  an  honour  that 
has  been  highly  appreciated  by  his  num- 
erous friends.  After  a  ministry  of  six 
years  in  the  Carlton  street  church,  Dr. 
Antiiff  removed  to  Montreal  to  take  charge 
of  the  Methodist  Church  or^  Dominion 
square,  where  he  is  now  doing  good  work 
for  the  Master.  While  in  Toronto  he  took 
part  in  every  social  and  moral  reform,  and 
was  generally  a  favourite  among  all  who 
had  the  good  of  humanity  at  heart.  For 
four  years,  from  1879  to  1883,  he  was  editor 
of  the  Christian  Journal,  the  denomina- 
tional paper  of  the  Primitive  Methodist 
church  in  Canada.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Ministerial  Association, 
and  was  its  secretary  for  two  years,  and 
afterwards  its  president  for  one  year.  He 
had  the  degrees  of  M.  A.  and  B.  D.  in 
course  conferred  upon  him  by  the  Univer- 
sity of  Edinburgh,  and  in  1887  Victoria 
University  conferred  upon  -him  the  hono- 
rary degree  of  D.  D.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  Victoria  Uni- 
versity, and  of  the  Senate  of  the  Wesley  - 
an  Theological  College  at  Montreal;  and 
is  also  a  member  of  the  court  of  appeal  of 
the  Methodist  church,  which  consists  of  six 
clergymen  and  six  laymen.  The  Rev.  Dr. 
Antiiff  is  possessed  of  good  natural  abili- 
ties, and  has  a  highly  cultivated  mind, 
brimful  of  knowledge.  As  a  preacher  and 
a  lecturer  he  is  highly  popular,  being  bless- 
ed with  good  oratorical  powers,  and  a  voice 
both  sweet  and  powerful.  Matter,  however, 
is  of  greater  importance  than  even  voice, 
and  of  this  he  has  an  abundance.  It  is 
varied  in  character,  being  both  secular  and 
sacred,  ancient  and  modern,  scientific  and 
scriptural,  and  he  deals  it  out  with  no  spar- 
ing hand.  The  style  of  his  sermon  varies :  he 
can  handle  a  subject  well,  either  textually 
or  topically,  while  as  an  expository  preach- 
er— perhaps  partly  the  result  of  his  five  years 
residence  in  Scotland — he  shines  with  con- 
siderable lustre.  His  platform  utterances 
are  generally  excellent,  and  at  times  pow- 
erful, especially  when  dealing  with  the 
cause  of  temperance.  In  politics  he  ad- 


252 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


vocates  Liberal  measures ;  but  owing  to  his 
ministerial  duties  he  does  not  give  promi- 
nence to  his  political  views.  Dr.  Antliff  has 
been  twice  married ;  first,  in  Derby,  England, 
to  Fanny  Holden,  daughter  of  John  Hoi- 
den,  of  Dalbury  Lees,  Derby.  She  died  in 
Toronto  in  February,  1880,  leaving  three 
children,  two  boys  and  a  girl.  Second,  in 
Toronto,  1882,  to  Mrs.  Eay,  widow  of  Dr. 
Bay,  and  daughter  of  the  Rev.  E.  Gooder- 
ham. 

Robinson,  Samuel  Skiffington, 
Barrister,  Orillia,  Ontario,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Montreal,  Quebec  province,  on  the 
6th  January,  1845.  His  father,  Arthur 
Guinness  Robinson,  was  a  civil  engineer, 
and  superintended  the  works  on  the  Lachine 
Canal,  at  Montreal,  when  they  were  first  be- 
ing constructed.  His  mother  was  Mary 
Mulock.  His  uncle,  Charles  J.  Robinson, 
is  now  county  judge  for  Lambton  county. 
The  mother  of  the  Hon.  Edward  Blake  and 
the  widow  of  the  late  Judge  Connor  were 
half-sisters  of  Arthur  G.  Robinson.  The 
grandfather  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
Samuel  Robinson,  M.D.,  belonged  to  Dub- 
lin, Ireland,  and  in  July,  1832 — along  with 
his  son  Arthur  G. ;  William  Hume  Blake, 
his  wife,  mother  and  sisters,  and  his  brother, 
Rev.  D.  E.  Blake  ;  the  late  Archdeacon 
Brough,  who  had  married  Miss  W.  Blake; 
the  late  Justice  Connor;  and  the  late  Rev. 
Mr.  Palmer,  archdeacon  of  Huron — sailed 
for  Canada.  The  vessel  which  they  had 
chartered  for  the  voyage — the  Ann,  of  Hali- 
fax— had  scarcely  been  at  sea  three  days 
when  one  of  the  crew  was  seized  with  cholera 
and  died,  and  the  body  before  morning  was 
thrown  overboard.  In  consequence  of  this 
untoward  circumstance,  the  party  felt  in- 
clined to  return  to  Ireland,  but  owing  to  the 
sanitary  measures  adopted  by  Dr.  Robinson 
the  plague  was  stayed.  After  a  voyage  of 
seven  weeks  they  reached  the  St.  Lawrence, 
and  found  that  cholera  had  become  epidemic 
hi  Canada.  They  were  subjected  to  a  short 
quarantine  at  Grosse  Isle,  and  were  then 
permitted  to  pursue  their  journey  to  To- 
ronto (Little  York),  where  they  remained 
about  six  weeks,  an  ••  here  the  party  separ- 
ated. Mr.  Brough  went  to  Oro,  on  Lake 
Simcoe,  Dr.  Skiffington  Connor  to  March- 
mont  village,  Orillia  township,  and  the 
Blakes  to  the  township  of  Adelaide,  of 
which  the  Rev.  D.  E.  Blake  had  been  ap- 
pointed rector  by  Sir  John  Colborne,  the 
then  governor  of  the  province.  Dr.  Robin- 


son returned  to  Ireland,  taking  his  son 
Arthur  G.  with  him,  who,  the  following 
season,  returned  with  his  brother  Charles 
(now  county  judge  of  Lambton),  and  set- 
tled in  Orillia  township,  Charles  going  far- 
ther west.  Samuel  Skiffington  Robinson 
received  his  education  in  Upper  Canada  Col- 
lege, from  which  he  graduated ;  and  having 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession,  he  entered 
the  office  of  Blake,  Kerr,  Lash  &  Cassels,  in 
Toronto,  where  he  remained  until  he  was 
called  to  the  bar.  He  shortly  afterwards 
moved  to  the  beautifully-situated  town  of 
Orillia,  which  he  has  had  the  satisfaction  of 
seeing  rise  from  a  backwoods  village  to  a 
thriving  town  of  four  thousand  inhabitants. 
He  has  succeeded  well  in  his  profession,  and 
is  at  present  solicitor  for  the  Dominion  Bank 
agency  there,  and  holds  several  other  im- 
portant positions.  Mr.  Robinson  has  not 
entirely  confined  himself  to  his  professional 
duties,  and  as  a  consequence  his  fellow  citi- 
zens have  honoured  him  by  electing  him 
mayor  of  the  town,  which  position  (1887) 
he  now  occupies.  He  held  the  office  of 
churchwarden  in  the  St.  James  Episcopal 
Church  of  Orillia,  for  a  number  of  years  ; 
and  for  several  years  was  president  of  the 
Reform  Association,  He,  too,  has  devoted 
some  attention  to  the  militia,  and  holds  an 
ensign's  commission  in  the  Simcoe  battalion. 
In  politics  Mr.  Robinson  is  a  Liberal;  and 
in  religion  is  an  adherent  of  the  Episcopal 
church.  On  the  13th  December,  1871,  he 
was  married  to  Elizabeth  Millar.  Mrs. 
Robinson's  brother,  Melville  Millar,  was  the 
first  mayor  of  Orillia,  which  position  he 
held  for  several  terms. 

Baillairge,  L,oui§  cle  Oonzague, 
Queen's  Counsellor  and  Chevalier- Comman- 
deur  of  the  Illustrious  Order  of  St.  Gre- 
gory the  Great,  is  a  son  of  the  late  Pierre 
Florent,  city  treasurer  of  Quebec  under  the 
magistrates,  and  of  Marie  Louise  Cureux 
de  Saint-Germain,  daughter  of  the  late  An- 
toine  Cureux  de  Saint-Germain,  captain  of 
transatlantic  mercantile  vessels.  This  pious 
and  venerable  lady,  whose  mortal  remains 
rest  beneath  the  vaults  of  the  Basilica,  died 
at  Quebec,  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety, 
on  the  16th  of  July,  1859.  Pierre  Florent, 
her  husband,  was  one  of  the  writers  of  the 
Canadien,  wherein  he  published  some  satir- 
ical articles  in  verse,  although  he  was  not  a 
poet,  against  the  administration  of  Sir 
James  Craig,  the  governor- general,  who  on 
that  occasion  ordered  the  seizure  of  the  type 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


253 


and  entire  plant  of  the  printing  office,  on 
the  17th  March,  1810.     His  excellency,  at 
the  same  time,  issued  an  order  to  arrest 
him,  together  with  his  friends,  Judge  Be- 
dard  and  Lefrangois,  who  were  both  impri- 
soned.    Florent,  however,   escaped  impri- 
sonment through  the  influence  of  one  of 
his  friends,  Mr.  Young,  a  magistrate.     L. 
O.  Baillarge  now  occupies  the  building,  the 
door  of  which  was  burst  open  by  a  squad  of 
soldiers  armed  with  rifles  and  fixed  bayonets, 
under  command  of  Capt.  Thos.  Allison,  of 
the  5th  regiment  of  infantry,  who  was  also 
a  justice  of  the  peace,  where  they  seized 
the   Canadien   printing   office,    machinery 
and  papers.     Mr.  Baillairg^  is  the  grandson 
of  Jean  Baillairge,  architect  and  engineer, 
who  was  born  at  Saint- Antoine  de  Villaret, 
Poitou,  France,    on   the  30th   of  October, 
1726,  and  emigrated,  in   1748,  to  Quebec, 
Canada,  where  he  acted  as  assistant  to  Vis- 
count de  Lery  for  the  construction  of  the 
city  gates  connected  with  the  fortifications 
which  still  surround  it.     He  fought  in  the 
battle  of  the  Plains  of   Abraham,  on   the 
13th  September,  1759,  and   served   in  the 
army    during   the   blockade  of  Quebec  in 
1775-76  by  Montgomery  and  Arnold.     He 
and   his   son   Frangois,  who   had   studied 
painting,  architecture,  and  statuary  at  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Paris,  are  the  artists  who 
decorated  the  interior  of  the  Basilica,  and 
designed   and  executed  the    "baldaquin" 
which  surmounts  the  main  altar  of  the  sanc- 
tuary, and  is  so  much  admired.     Six  of  the 
twelve  surrounding  statues  were  sculptured 
by   them;    those    of    Saint- Ambroise   and 
Saint-Augustin,    in   the   lateral   chapel   of 
Sainte- Anne,  were  executed  by  Thomas,  the 
son  of  Francois,  who  also  sculptured  the 
basso-relievo   representing   the   Supper   of 
Emmaus,  on  the  front  of  the  central  altar  in 
the  church  of  Sainte- Anne  de  la  Pocatiere, 
respecting  which  he  was  highly  congratu- 
lated by  Lord  Dalhousie,  who  took  great 
interest   in   works   of  art.     The  statues  of 
Saint-Louis,  king  of    France,    and  Saint- 
Flavien,  on  either  side  of  the  principal  altar 
of  the  Quebec  Basilica,  and  the  two  others 
in   the   lateral   chapel    of    Sainte-Famille, 
were  executed  by  artists  in  France.     These 
specimens   of  Canadian  and  European  art 
are  such  that  even  the  experienced  eye  of  a 
keen   observer  can  with   difficulty   decide 
which  of  them  displays  the  greatest  artistic 
skill.      Frangois    Baillairge' s    studio    and 
workshop  were  in  the  building  now  occu- 


pied as  a  livery  stable,  on  St.  Louis  street, 
by  Mr.  Driscoll.  Prince  Edward,  Duke  of 
Kent,  father  of  Queen  Victoria,  paid  fre- 
quent visits  to  the  artist  in  this  studio,  and 
gave  him  orders  for  the  execution  of  various 
artistic  works,  as  a  proof  of  his  appreciation 
of  his  ability,  and  in  order  to  give  him  all 
the  encouragement  he  could.  He  also  induc- 
ed him  to  organize  a  club  of  young  men  to 
give  theatrical  performances,  and  afterwards 
invited  them  to  play  a  comedy  in  the  case- 
mated  barracks  of  the  citadel  near  St.  Louis 
gate.  Jean  Baillairge,  his  son  Frangois, 
and  Thomas,  the  son  of  the  latter,  may  be 
justly  considered  as  the  fathers  of  Canadian 
architecture,  sculpture  and  statuary.  Louis 
de  Gonzague  Baillairge,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  is  the  uncle  of  George  Frederick, 
deputy  minister  of  Public  Works  of  Can- 
ada, and  of  Charles,  the  city  engineer  of 
Quebec,  chevalier  of  the  order  of  Saint  - 
Sauveur  de  Monte  Beale,  in  Italy.  He  com- 
pleted his  classical  course  of  studies  in 
1830,  at  the  Seminary  of  Quebec,  and  after- 
wards studied  law  under  the  Hon.  Philippe 
Panet.  When  the  latter  was  appointed 
judge,  he  continued  his  legal  course  under 
the  Hon.  B.  E.  Caron,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  at  the  bar  on  the  12th  October, 
1835.  In  1844  he  became  the  partner  of 
the  latter,  who  was  then  the  mayor  of  the 
city  of  Quebec,  and  was  later  on  appointed 
as  successor  to  Sir  Narcisse  Belleau,  as  lieu- 
tenant-governor of  the  province  of  Quebec. 
In  1850  Mr.  Baillairge  was  appointed,  to- 
gether with  Mr.  Caron,  his  associate,  as  joint 
attorneys  of  the  corporation  of  Quebec.  In 
1853,  on  his  partner  being  appointed  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench, 
the  partnership  was  dissolved,  and  the  entire 
practice  of  the  firm,  one  of  the  most  exten- 
sive of  the  bar  of  Quebec,  remained  with 
him.  He  continued  to  act  for  the  corpora- 
tion of  the  city  until  the  22nd  of  February, 
1861,  when  the  council  passed  a  resolution 
containing  the  folio  wing: — "That  L.  G. 
Baillairge,  attorney  of  the  corporation, 
having  efficiently  contributed  to  the  econ- 
omical administration  of  justice  by  means 
of  his  legal  advice,  laborious  application 
and  praiseworthy  disinterestedness,  and 
having  also  by  means  of  his  persevering 
energy,  ensured  the  collection  of  consider- 
able sums  of  money  which  the  city  would 
have  lost  by  the  extinction  of  its  mortgages 
if  he  had  not  acted  in  such  energetic  man- 
ner; he  is  entitled  to  the  respect  of  this 


254 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


council,  and  to  the  confidence  of  the  pub- 
lic." Pursuant  to  this  resolution,  Mr. 
Baillairge  was  nominated  sole  attorney  and 
legal  adviser  of  the  corporation,  in  which 
capacity  he  continued  to  act  until  the 
9th  of  October,  1885.  He  then  requested 
the  city  council  to  grant  him  an  associate 
for  the  transaction  of  city  affairs,  in  the 
person  of  the  Hon.  A.  P.  Pelletier,  of  whom 
he  was  the  patron,  and  who  practised  as  a 
lawyer  in  his  office  for  more  than  twenty 
years.  The  city  council  readily  assented 
to  this  proposal,  and  accordingly  passed 
the  following  resolution  on  the  same  day : — 
"  That  this  council,  taking  into  considera- 
tion the  letter  of  L.  G.  Baillairge,  Q.C., 
most  willingly  avails  itself  of  the  opportu- 
nity to  express  its  high  appreciation  and 
its  gratitude  for  the  eminent  professional 
services  rendered  by  Mr.  Baillairge  to  the 
city  of  Quebec  during  so  many  years,  for 
the  honour  and  advantage  of  the  city,  and 
accedes  with  pleasure  to  Mr.  Baillairge's  re- 
quest." In  1885,  the  government  having 
decided  to  appoint  assistant  judges  for  the 
Superior  Court  during  the  existence  of  the 
Seignorial  Court,  offered  him  one  of  the 
appointments.  In  1856,  the  government 
tendered  him  the  recordership  of  the  city 
of  Quebec,  which  had  been  created,  for  the 
first  time,  by  the  Act  19,  20  Viet.,  chap.  106. 
In  1860,  when  Chief  Justice  Bowen  retired 
from  the  bench,  he  was  invited  to  replace 
him  during  the  time  of  his  retirement.  In 
1860-61,  he  was  called  upon  to  fill  the  seat 
rendered  vacant  in  the  Superior  Court  by 
the  death  of  Judge  Power  on  1st  July,  1860. 
However  lucrative  and  honorary  these  ap- 
pointments might  be,  he  declined  accepting 
any  of  them;  their  value,  in  his  estimation, 
could  not,  he  thought,  compensate  him  for 
the  loss  of  his  personal  independence.  In 
1863,  he  was  appointed  Queen's  counsel- 
lor, under  the  Dorion  administration.  In 
1873  he  became  bdtonnier  of  the  bar  of 
Quebec,  and  was  considered  as  one  of  its 
most  trustworthy  and  distinguished  mem- 
bers and  one  of  its  most  eloquent  orators. 
In  1882  he  conceived  the  noble  and  phil- 
anthropic idea  of  getting  a  church  or  mis- 
sionary's chapel  constructed  in  each  of  the 
five  parts  of  the  world,  under  the  name  of 
one  of  the  members  of  his  family,  together 
with  a  Canadian  oratory,  under  the  name  of 
his  patron  saint.  These  churches  are  either 
completed  or  in  course  of  construction,  one 
of  them  being  in  Southern  and  the  other  in 


Equatorial  Africa.  The  one  erected  at  the 
southern  end  of  lake  Victoria,  Nianza,  is 
named,  "  St.  Pierre  de  Bukumbi,"  and  is  the 
first  church  which  has  been  constructed  of 
stone,  in  the  centre  of  Africa.  The  journal 
of  Les  Missions  Catholiques  contains  the  fol- 
lowing, in  regard  to  this  church:  "  Monsei- 
gneur  Livinhac,  vicar  apostolic  of  Nianza, 
has  selected  this  church  for  his  cathedral, 
and  blessed  it  accordingly,  on  All  Saints 
day,  in  1886.  It  excites  the  admiration  of 
the  natives,  who  come  from  afar  in  great 
numbers  to  examine  it,  and  afterwards  re- 
turn to  their  homes  to  speak  of  the  marvel- 
lous temple  they  have  seen.  They  all  say- 
that  they  never  saw  such  a  wonderful  edi- 
fice, it  being  the  first  architectural  structure 
ever  erected  in  these  regions,  in  honour  of 
the  Divinity.  Another  of  these  churches  is 
in  course  of  construction  in  the  province  of 
Nouba,  in  Central  Africa,  as  agreed  upon 
with  Cardinal  Sagaro,  through  the  Reverend 
Father  Bouchard,  who  accompanied  the 
Canadian  contingent  of  Voyageurs  to  the 
Nile;  and  another  has  been  constructed  at 
Rapid  Creek,  near  Palmerston,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  As  regards  the  oratory  at  Jerusalem, 
Mr.  Baillairge  has  not  yet  succeeded  in  ob- 
taining the  requisite  "  firman,"  permitting 
its  construction  from  the  Turkish  govern- 
ment. Objections  have  been  made,  but  hopes 
are  entertained  that  they  will  be  finally 
overcome.  Mr.  Baillairg^  is  one  of  the 
members  and  founders  of  the  National  So- 
ciety of  Saint-Jean  Baptiste  of  Quebec.  He 
succeeded  Sir  Narcisse  Belleau  as  "  Commis- 
saire  Ordonnateur  "  of  the  society,  and  after- 
wards was  elected  as  its  president,  in  which 
capacities  he  acted  during  a  term  of  fifteen 
years,  until  1859,  when  he  resigned  on  ac- 
count of  the  pressure  of  professional  duties, 
but  remained  a  member  of  the  society. 
During  this  long  period,  Mr.  Baillairge 
spared  no  efforts  to  establish  the  society  on  a 
solid  and  lasting  basis,  and  to  establish  and 
strenghen  its  connection  with  the  other  na- 
tional societies  of  the  city.  He  was  also  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  "  Institut  Canadien," 
whose  debut  was  so  humble  in  its  origin,  but 
which  is  now  nourishing,  and  may  at  present 
be  considered  as  the  focus  of  learning  and  of 
the  national  aspirations  of  Canadian  youth. 
In  1873,  he  was  chosen  as  one  of  its  hono- 
rary presidents.  He  is  one  of  those  who 
first  conceived  the  idea  of  collecting  and 
afterwards  depositing,  in  June,  1854,  in  one 
grave,  the  scattered  remains  of  the  brave 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


255 


warriors  of  the  78th  Highlanders,  and  of  the 
French  "  Grenadiers  de  la  Heine,"  who  were 
slain  during  the  battle,  on  the  heights  of 
Ste.  Foye,  between  Generals  Levis  and  Mur- 
ray. To  his  exertions  and  those  of  his  friend, 
Dr.  Robitaille,  we  are  chiefly  indebted  for  the 
construction  of  the  monument,  "  Aux  braves 
de  1760,  erige  par  la  Societe  St.  Jean-Bap- 
tiste  de  Quebec,  1860,"  which  now  stands 
over  the  graves,  in  order  to  commemorate 
the  victory  won  by  the  French,  on  the  28th 
of  April,  1760,  six  months  after  the  battle  of 
the  Plains  of  Abraham.  The  solemnity  of 
the  proceedings,  on  this  occasion,  was 
never  surpassed,  except  during  the  official 
reception  of  Cardinal  Taschereau.  The 
event  was  witnessed  by  about  12,000  per- 
sons. The  British  military  authorities  gra- 
ciously assented  to  all  the  requests  of  the 
St.  Jean-Baptiste  Society,  in  connection 
with  the  inauguration  of  this  monument, 
and  furnished  two  regiments  of  the  line 
with  a  company  of  artillery  and  its  guns, 
who  placed  themselves  next  to  a  detach- 
riient  of  the  French  navy  from  the  Im- 
perial corvette  La  Capricieuse,  then  visit- 
ing Quebec.  The  monument  consists  of  a 
bronzed  iron  column,  resting  on  a  pedestal 
of  masonry,  surmounted  by  a  bronze  statue 
of  Bellona,  which  was  donated  to  the  So- 
ciety of  St.  Jean-Baptiste  by  Prince  Na- 
poleon Bonaparte.  The  name  of  "  Murray," 
with  the  arms  of  Great  Britain,  is  inscribed 
on  the  side  opposite  the  city,  and  that  of 
"  LeVis,"  with  the  arms  of  France,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  pedestal.  The  inscrip- 
tion, "  Aux  braves  de  1760,  erige  par  la 
Societe  St.  Jean-Baptiste  de  Quebec,  1860," 
with  its  surrounding  laurel  wreath,  is  upon 
the  face  fronting  the  Ste.  Foye  road;  on 
the  opposite  side,  facing  the  Laurentides, 
there  is  a  bas-relief  representing  the  wind- 
mill, one  of  the  most  contested  points  of 
the  battle-field;  a  bronze  mortar  rests  on 
each  corner  of  the  pedestal.  Before  the 
departure  of  Prince  Napoleon  from  Quebec, 
Mr.  Baillairge  met  his  friend,  Dr.  Bardy,  ex- 
president  of  the  society,  who  requested  him 
on  behalf  of  the  society  to  visit  the  Prince 
at  the  Russell  Hotel,  and  to  request  him 
to  grant  a  statue  for  the  crowning  of  the 
monument.  The  Prince,  after  conferring 
with  Baron  Gauldree  de  Boileau,  gracious- 
ly asftented  to  the  request.  The  design  of 
the  monument,  which  is  about  90  feet  in 
height,  was  made  by  Chevalier  Charles  Bail- 
lairge, the  city  engineer.  The  country  is  in- 


debted to  Mr.  Baillairge  for  the  possession 
of  the  "  Standard  of  Carillon."  This  ancient 
relic  of  the  past,  whenever  it  appears  in  the 
ranks  of  the  procession  of  St.  Jean-Baptister 
awakens  the  memories  of  the  valiant  deeds 
of  their  forefathers  during  the  memorable 
day  of  the  8th  July,  1758.  He  searched, 
during  more  than  ten  years,  with  incredi- 
ble perseverance,  for  this  old  standard,  and 
finally  succeeded  in  finding  it  in  the  abode 
of  an  old  friend  of  his  family,  Frere 
Louis  Bonami,  of  the  order  of  Saint  Fran- 
gois  d' Assize,  at  Quebec,  beneath  a  mass  of 
old  articles  half  reduced  to  dust  by  decay, 
at  the  bottom  of  an  old  trunk.  Father 
Berry,  superior  of  the  Becollets  at  Quebec, 
was  one  of  the  almoners  of  the  army  of  Ca- 
rillon under  Montcalm.  After  the  campaign 
of  1758  he  took  charge  of  the  standard, 
and  brought  it  back  to  Quebec,  where  it 
was  suspended  to  the  vault  of  the  Becollet 
Church,  and  remained  there  until  the  church 
was  destroyed  by  fire  on  the  6th  of  Septem- 
ber, 1796.  Frere  Bonami  and  another  rush- 
ed into  the  church  to  save  what  articles  they 
could,  threw  them  into  a  trunk,  and  were 
hurrying  out  with  them  at  the  moment 
when  the  standard  dropped  near  their  feet, 
from  the  vault  of  the  nave,  and,  picking  it 
up,  also  threw  it  into  the  trunk,  which  he 
carried  off,  with  his  companion,  to  a 
place  of  safety,  and  afterwards  sent  it 
to  his  dwelling,  where  it  was  found  by 
Mr.  Baillairg^,  after  a  lapse  of  more 
than  half  a  century.  (See  Revue  Cana- 
dienne  of  1882,  vol.  II.,  page  129).  On 
various  occasions,  and  especially  in  1857, 
he  was  invited  to  present  himself  as  a  can- 
didate to  parliament  for  Quebec,  but  always 
declined  the  proffered  honour.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Courrier  du  Canada, 
at  Quebec,  and  helped  it  out  of  numerous 
difficulties  which  generally  attend  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  new  journal.  The  Courrier 
has  been  in  existence  ever  since,  and  will,  it 
is  hoped,  continue  to  prosper  for  many 
years  hereafter.  In  1863  he  was  appointed 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  2nd  battalion  of 
the  militia  of  Quebec,  under  Lord  Elgin. 
On  the  24th  of  February,  1885,  Mr.  Bail- 
lairge founded  a  chair  of  sacred  and  pro- 
fane eloquence  in  connection  with  the  fa- 
culty of  arts  of  the  Laval  University  at 
Quebec,  known  as  "  La  Chaire  BaiilairgeV' 
On  the  26th  of  July,  1886,  his  Holiness  the 
Pope  Leo  XIII.,  addressed  an  autograph 
letter  to  his  Eminence  Cardinal  Archbishop 


256 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Taschereau,  respecting  the  newly  founded 
professorship,  which  contains  the  following: 

We  have  learned  with  great  pleasure  that  we 
are  indebted  to  the  generosity  of  a  distinguished 
advocate  of  Quebec,  Mr.  Baillairge,  f  >r  a  new 
chair,  which  has  been  created  in  addition  to  the 
chairs  already  existing  in  the  Laval  University, 
over  which  you  preside  as  Apostolic  Chancellor. 
We  are  greatly  rejoiced  on  account  of  this  new 
endowment,  the  object  of  which  is  to  benefit  stu- 
dions  young  men  who  wish  to  perfect  themselves 
in  literature  and  eloquence. 

Our  beloved  son,  whom  we  have  already 
named,  has  thus,  in  our  estimation,  not  only  con- 
tributed to  the  development  of  arts  and  letters  in 
his  native  land,  but  he  has  also  erected  a  last- 
ing monument  in  his  own  Honour,  and  is  worthy 
->f  the  praise  of  his  contemporaries  and  of  the 
Commendation  of  posterity. 

The  distance  which  separates  us,  prevents  MS 
*rom  expressing  personally  to  the  illustrious 
.mnder,  our  feelings  of  paternal  affection  and  our 
ardent  desire  that  he  may  receive  from  God  the 
ample  reward  due  to  his  worthy  deed.  We,  there- 
fore, request  you  to  do  so  in  our  name. 

His  E  ~inen?e  Cardinal  Taschereau  ac" 
cording  ^  addressed  the  following  letter  to 
Mr.  B?illairge,  on  the  21st  of  August,1886: 


SIR,—  You    will   receive    herewith   the 
text  and  French  translation  of  the  lette       have 
just  received  : 

His  Holiness  the  Pope  Leo  XIII.,  wishing  to 
give  unto  the  Laval  University  a  proof  of  the  in- 
terest he  feels  in  this  institution,  bestows  his 
praise  on  the  chair  of  eloquence  which  you  have 
so  generously  founded,  and  commends  your  action 
as  an  example  to  be  followed  by  those  who  desire 
to  make  a  noble  use  of  their  fortune.  A  monu- 
ment of  marble  is  an  object  of  interest  only  to  a 
few,  and  any  interest  which  may  be  attached  to 
it,  seldom  lasts  beyond  one  generation.  The 
founder  of  a  work  such  as  yours,  sir,  will  be  known 
and  loved  by  all  those  whom  it  wJ'f  'f  tiefit  di- 
rectly or  indirectly,  until  the  em" 

The  deep  interest   I   take   in  Lival  Uni- 

versity and  in  the  education  of  the  youth  of  our 
native  country,  will  enable  you,  sir,  to  estimate 
the  vivacity  and  sincerity  of  the  gratefulness  with 
which  I  have  the  honour  to  subscribe  myself, 
Your  very  devoted  servant, 

E.  A.,  CARDINAL  TASCHEREAU, 

Archbishop  of  Quebec. 

To  L.  Gk  Baillairge,  Esq.,  Advocate. 

The  Hon.  Mr.  Fabre,  who  published  this 
letter  in  the  Paris-Canada,  a  newspaper 
which  is  printed  at  Paris,  adds: 

Mr.  Baillairge  belongs  to  one  of  the  most 
genuine  French  families  of  Canada.  The  high 
distinction  by  which  he  has  just  been  honoured 
is  the  worthy  reward  of  his  generous  act,  and  an 
acknowledgement  of  the  exalted  sentiments  by 
which  he  has  been  guided. 

Cardinal  Taschereau's  letter  was  followed 
by  his  "  Pastoral  Letter  "  of  the  8th  of  De- 


cember, 1886,  respecting  the  Laval  Univer- 
sity, and  alluding  to  the  chair  founded 
in  that  institution  by  Mr.  Baillairge. 
On  the  18th  of  May,  1887,  his  Holiness 
the  Pope  Leo  XIII.,  nominates  Mr.  Bail- 
lairge^  "  Chevalier- Commandeur  of  the  illus- 
trious order  of  St.  Gregory  the  Great,"  by 
Apostolical  Letters-patent  of  the  same  date. 
These  Letters-patent  were  presented  by 
order  of  his  Eminence  Cardiual  Taschereau 
to  Mr.  Baillairge,  by  Monseigneur  Legare, 
the  Grand  Vicaire,  and  by  Monseigneur 
Marois,  secretary  of  his  eminence,  acting  as 
his  special  delegates  on  this  occasion.  His 
Eminence  Cardinal  Simeoni,  chief  of  the  Pro- 
paganda, is  said  to  have  contributed  to  this 
nomination.  The  uniform  and  insignia  of  a 
Chevalier- Commandeur  is  as  follows: — UNI- 
FOEM — A  dark  blue,  long-tailed  dress-coat, 
with  silver  embroidery  of  laurel  leaves,  and 
silver  buttons  on  the  front ;  collar,  facings, 
and  the  lower  portion  on  the  back,  also 
embroidered  with  silver  ;  long  white  cha- 
mois pantaloons,  with  a  silver  band  on  the 
sides;  small  black  boots;  black  cocked  hat 
with  short  black  spiral  plumes  and  silver 
clasp.  INSIGNIA  : —  Maltese  cross  of  gold 
with  a  circular  medallion  at  the  centre,  con- 
taining the  miniature  of  Gregory  the  Great ; 
gold-hilted  sword  at  the  side,  etc.  In  1887 
a  statue  of  the  Saviour  was  presented  by 
Mr.  Bail]  :rge  to  the  Grey  Nuns  of  Quebec. 
It  was  bk  sed  by  his  Eminence  Cardinal 
Taschereau,  and  placed  on  the  summit  of 
the  tower  above  the  main  entrance  of  the 
Grey  Nuns'  Church,  on  the  18th  of  Sep- 
tember of  the  same  year.  The  statue  is 
about  fifteen  fc,  f.  'n  height,  is  plated  on  the 
outside  with  7  •  ^ed  sheet  lead,  and  weighs 
about  4,00'  ^os.  It  was  sculptured  by  Mr. 
Jobin,  an  artist  of  the  old  capital. 

Dionne,  Narci§se  Eulrope,  S.  B., 
M.  D.,  Quebec,  Co-Editor  of  Le  Courrier 
du  Canada,  was  born  at  St.  Denis,  county 
of  Kamouraska,  province  of  Quebec,  on  the 
18t  i  of  May,  1848,  from  the  marriage  of 
Narcisse  Dionne  and  Elizabeth  Bouchard. 
Dr.  Dionne  received  his  education  at  the 
College  of  Ste.  Anne  de  Lapocatiere,  and 
af  i  er  completing  his  classical  course,  studied 
theology  two  years  at  the  Grand  Seminary 
of  Quebec,  returned  to  Ste.  Anne  for  an- 
other year,  and  completed  his  theological* 
studies  at  Levis  College.  He  then  ehos-vr 
the  medical  profession,  and  for  that  purpose 
entered  Laval  University,  where  he  gra- 
duated M.D.,  in  1873,  and  removed  to  Stan- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


257 


fold,  county  of  Arthabaska,  and  practised 
his  profession  in  that  place  until  1875. 
Then  he  removed  to  Quebec,  where  he 
found  a  wider  field,  not  only  in  regard  to 
his  profession,  ^>ut  to  follow  his  inclinations 
to  literary  pursuits.  He  has  lived  in  that 
city  ever  since.  In  1876,  the  Cercle  Catho- 
lique,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  founders, 
was  established  in-  the  city  of  Quebec,  and 
he  was  elected  on  the  board  of  directors  and 
librarian,  a  position  he  held  until  the  year 
1883;  he  was  then  elected  vice-president,  and 
still  holds  that  position.  He  was  also  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  "  Presse  Associe"e  de  la 
province  de  Quebec,"  with  other  journalists 
of  the  city  of  Quebec.  This  association  was 
incorporated  by  an  act  of  the  legislature  of 
Quebec,  in  1883.  Dr.  Dionne  has  been  act- 
ing secretary  of  the  society  since  its  foun- 
dation, and  took  a  most  prominent  part  in 
the  reception  accorded  the  Canadian  Press 
Association,  on  the  occasion  of  the  latter 
body's  excursion  to  the  Saguenay  in  1883. 
In  token  of  their  gratitude,  the  Ontario 
pressmen  gave  him  a  splendid  gift  in  recog- 
nition of  the  courtesies  extended  them.  In 
August,  1886,  he  was  also  elected  secretary 
to  the  Quebec  Conservative  Club,  and  in 
January,  1887,  was  appointed  to  the  same 
position,  which  he  filled  during  the  Federal 
elections  of  the  22nd  of  February,  of  the 
same  year.  Dr.  Dionne  holds  a^filgh  rank 
among  thelitteratetirs  of  his  natr^fe province, 
the  tirst  work  which  brought  hini' to  promi- 
nence being  a  pamphlet,  published  in  1880, 
intituled,  "  Le  Tombeau  de  Champlain." 
The  year  previous,  his  Excellency  the  Count 
de  Premio-Keal,  consul -g  1  of  Spain  in 
Canada,  had  offered  two  prift&'-for  the  best 
essay  on  a  series  of  questions  Delating  to 
Canadian  history,  and  Mr.  Dionne  was  the 
winner  of  both.  In  1881,  he  published  a 
pamphlet  on  agricultural  societies,  and  their 
value  to  the  farmers,  intituled,  "  Les  Cercles 
Agricoles  dans  la  Province  de  Quebec,"  and 
delivered  many  lectures  throughout  the  pro- 
vince on  that  important  subject.  In  1882 
appeared  the  report  of  the  excursion  of  the 
Canadian  Press  Association  to  the  United 
States,  Manitoba,  and  the  North- West,  also 
due  to  Dr.  Dionne' s  pen  ;  and  still  later,  in 
1883.  he  published  the  report  of  the  French- 
'Janadian  convention,  held  at  Windsor, 
c  ranty  of  Essex.  As  a  political  writer,  the 
doctor  is  in  the  foremost  rank  of  the  Con- 
servative journalists  of  the  province,  having 
been  editor-in-chief  of  Le  Courier  du  Ca- 


nada, a  daily  paper  published  in  Quebec, 
from  April,  1880,  until  the  1st  of  February, 
1884.  He  also  filled  the  same  position  on 
the  staff  of  Le  Journal  de  Quebec,  from 
February  to  May,  1886.  On  the  22nd  of 
February,  1887,  he  resumed  the  duties 
of  co-editor  to  Le  Courier  du  Canada,  a 
position  which  he  still  holds.  The-  first 
editors  of  the  latter  newspaper  had  'been 
Dr.  J.  C.  Tache,  deputy  minister  to  the'de- 
partment  of  Agriculture,  and  Sir  Hector 
Langevin.  In  addition  to  his  medical  prac- 
tice and  journalistic  duties,  Dr.  Dionne  was 
chief  license  inspector  under  the  Federal 
Act  of  parliament,  from  the  19th  FebruarT 
1884,  until  December,  1885;  and  visiting 
physician  to  the  Quebec  Marine  Hospital 
since  the  17th  February,  1882.  In  1885,  h,<[ 
visited  New  Orleans,  during  the  World's  Ex- 
position. He  is  corresponding  member  of 
the  Institut-Canadien,  of  Ottawa;  L' Union 
Catholique,  Mauritius  Island  ;  anc?otitulary 
member  of  the  Academic  des  MusevlSanton- 
nes,  France.  He  was  married  on  th°  13th  of 
October,  1873,  to  Marie  Laure  Bouchard, 
secon/1  daughter  of  the  late  Pierre  Victor 
BoucLard,  of  her  Majesty's  customs,  Que- 
bec, and  Julie  Huot.  He  has  issue  ten 
children,  five  sons  and  five  daughters. 

Archibald,  Peter  §.,  Moncton,  New 
Brunswick,  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Intercol- 
onial Railway,  was  born  at  Truro,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  21st  March,  1848.  His  pa- 
rents were  William  and' Elizabeth  Archibald, 
and  were  both  natives  of  Nova  Scotia.  Peter 
S.  Archibald  received  his  education  at  the 
Truro  ModeiHnd  Normal  schools,  and  joined 
the  railw^av^rvice  in  1867, .when  scarcely 
out  of  his  4eens.  Since  then  he  has  gradu- 
ally risen,  through  all  the  grades  from  rod- 
man,  until  he  now  occupies  the  position  of 
chief  engineer.  He  joined  the  volunteers  as 
a  private,  and  served  in  that  capacity  for 
three  years,  and  was  afterwards  promoted 
to  a  lieutenancy  in  the  73rd  battalion.  Mr. 
Archibald  is  a  member  of  the  American  In- 
stitute of  Civil  Engineers.  As  a  living  ex- 
ample of  what  can  be  done  by  a  young  man 
who  sets  hisjnind  on  rising  in  his  profession, 
he  is  a  good  example,  and  deserves  a  great 
deal  of  praise  for  his  pluck  and  persever- 
ance, and  his  example  is  well  worthy  of 
imitation  by  our  young  men  who  wish  to  get 
on  in  the  world.  In  April,  1874,  Mr.  Archi- 
bald was  married  to  Clara  G.  Lindsay, 
daughter  of  T.  S.  Lindsay,  of  Kockland, 
Maine,  U.S. 


258 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Malliews,  Rev.  George  D.,  D.D., 

Pastor  of  Chalmer's  (Presbyterian)  Church, 
Quebec,  one  of  the  best  known  of  our  Pres- 
byterian divines  in  the  old  as   well  as  the 
new  world,  was  born  in  the  town  of  Kilken- 
ny, Ireland,  in   1828.       As  in  the  case  of 
others  of  our  distinguished  men  in  America, 
the  three  nationalities  of  the  motherland  are 
to  be  found  represented  in  him,  for,  though 
born  in  Ireland,  he  had  for  his  father  a  true- 
hearted  Scotchman,  while  his  mother  was  a 
native  of  England.       The  subject   of  our 
sketch  spent  his  earliest  years  in  the  city  of 
Dublin,  where  he  received  his  education  at 
the   hands  of  private  tutors  who  prepared 
him  for  entering  Trinity  College  as  an  un- 
dergraduate in  arts.     His  career  at  this  cele- 
brated seat  of  learning  was  in  every  sense  a 
most  satisfactory  one,  so  that  he  took  his 
degree  in  1848.      It  is  needless  to  say  that 
the  classical  and  literary  tastes  which  he  ac- 
quired  at   college  have  never  left  him,   as 
those  who  have  had  the  pleasure  of  his  ac- 
quaintance, or  who  have  had  the  opportun- 
ity  of   sitting  under  his  ministrations  as  a 
pastor,  can  readily  bear  witness.    After  leav- 
ing college  he  devoted  himself  for  a  time  to 
the  study  of  law,  but  that  profession  becom- 
ing more  and  more  distasteful  to  the  young 
student,   as    his   mind   matured   on   social 
questions  and  the  solemn  responsibilities  of 
life,  he  subsequently  forsook  the  pathways 
which  Coke,  Blackstone  and  Hale  have  in 
vain    endeavoured  to  make  smooth,  for    a 
more  peaceful   retreat   with  the  school  of 
the  prophets.    Entering  the  United  Presby- 
terian Hall  of  Divinity  at  Edinburgh,  he 
there  had  the  privilege  of  receiving  instruc- 
tion from  such  distinguished  theologians  as 
Dr.  John  Brown,  Dr.  Eadie,  and  a  number 
of  other  teachers,  whose  lives  and  characters 
have  moulded  the  history  and  polity  of  the 
U.  P.  Church  in  Scotland.    Under  such  men 
Rev.  Dr.  Mathews  felt  more  and  more  the 
serious  mission  he  had  to  perform  in  life. 
With  zeal  he  entered  upon  the  examination 
of  the  theology  of  the  times,  fortifying  him- 
self with  the  most  careful  study  of  mental 
science,  and  obtaining  for  himself  the  credit 
of    being    a   devoted   investigator   in    the 
realms  of  thought,  and  a  keen  observer  of 
the  many  paths  into  which  advanced  think- 
ers are  ever  leading  their  fellowmen.     Yet, 
never  for  a  moment  did  the  young  student 
deviate  from  the  faith  ;  and  never,  through- 
out his  long  career  as  a  minister  has  he  had 
to  endure  the  scorn  of  those  whose  chief  de- 
light it  often  is  to  rail  at  the  ministers  of 
advanced  opinions.     His  preaching  has  ever 
been  thoroughly  orthodox,  nothwithstand- 


ing  the  wide  scope  of  his  knowledge  and 
scientific  attainments.  Possessed  of  a  re- 
markable fluency  of  speech,  his  discourses 
are  generally  given  extempore,  being  mark- 
ed at  the  same  time  with  an  eloquence 
which  is  all  the  more  attractive  from  the 
simplicity  of  the  language  he  employs.  In 
December,  1853,  he  was  licensed  to  preach 
by  the  Presbytery  of  Glasgow,  and  immedi- 
ately thereafter  was  ordained  at  Stranraer, 
a  town  of  about  eight  thousand  inhabitants, 
in  Wigtonshire,  Scotland.  No  more  delight- 
ful locality  could  have  been  selected  for  a 
man  of  such  tastes  and  predispositions 
as  the  subject  of  our  sketch.  The  town  of 
Stranraer,  as  is  well-known,  stands  upon 
an  arm  of  the  sea  at  the  head  of  Loch  Ryan, 
and  for  the  beauty  and  natural  sweetness  of 
its  surroundings  is  all  but  unequalled  by 
the  other  towns  in  the  south  of  Scotland. 
Here  the  young  preacher  found  his  first 
charge  among  a  people  kindly  disposed  and 
hospitable,  and  here  his  efforts  to  do  good 
were  well  received,  not  only  by  those  of  his 
own  congregation,  but  by  the  whole  com- 
munity. No  duty  was  overlooked,  public 
or  pastoral  ;  and  yet  amidst  the  pressure  of 
work  which  always  falls  to  the  lot  of  a 
young  and  conscientious  pastor,  the  literary 
spirit  did  not  forsake  the  youthful  clergy- 
man during  his  spare  moments  from  pulpit 
work  and  pastoral  ministrations,  as  many  of 
the  old  numbers  of  the  "  Dublin  University 
Magazine  "  can  bear  witness.  For  several 
years  he  continued  to  contribute  to  this 
and  other  periodicals,  and  it  need  hardly  be 
said  that  his  contributions  even  then  gave 
promise  of  the  literary  and  administrative 
abilities  which  have  brought  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Mathews'  name  so  prominently  before  the 
denomination  of  which  he  is  a  minister. 
At  length,  in  1868,  while  on  a  visit  to  the 
United  States,  the  U.  P.  minister  at  Stran- 
raer received  a  call  to  one  of  the  city 
charges  in  New  York.  In  the  following 
year  he  reluctantly  gave  up  his  charge  in 
Scotland,  and  to  the  universal  regret  of  his 
people  and  fellow  townsmen,  set  sail  for 
America.  Nor  did  the  feeling  in  his  favour 
fail  to  show  itself  in  a  tangible  form.  A 
beautiful  testimonial  was  presented  by  the 
community  to  the  retiring  pastor  with  many 
and  valuable  accompanying  presents.  Short- 
ly after  his  arrival  in  New  York,  Dr.  Ma- 
thews undertook  the  editorship  of  "  The 
Christian  Worker,"  a  monthly  magazine  de- 
voted mainly  to  religious  topics.  This  duty 
he  performed  in  addition  to  his  pastoral 
work.  Under  his  management  the  periodi- 
cal rose  into  favour  until  at  length  its  circu- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


259 


laiion  brought  the  editor  into  prominence 
all  over  the  continent.  The  editor  of  the 
"Worker"  also  took  an  active  part  in  all 
church  affairs,  expressing  an  influence  in 
the  church  courts  and  on  church  problems 
which  has  always  been  respected.  As  an 
evidence  of  this  growing  influence,  in  1873, 
when  the  proposal  was  mooted  by  Rev.  Dr. 
McCosh,  of  Princeton,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Schaff, 
that  the  various  Presbyterian  Churches 
throughout  the  world  should  come  into  close 
relationship  with  one  another,  Dr.  Mathews 
was  chosen  secretary  of  the  first  committee 
formed  for  the  carrying  out  of  definite  plans 
to  promote  such  brotherly  alliance.  Two 
years  later,  he  was  sent  to  London  by 
the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  Northern 
States  as  one  of  its  commissioners  to  con- 
fer with  the  representatives  from  other 
Churches  as  to  the  feasibility  of  a  union  of 
Presbyterianisoa  throughout  the  world.  This 
was  the  origin  of  the  Presbyterian  Alliance, 
which  has  since  become  a  household  word 
in  the  Presbyterian  church.  The  first  im- 
portant conference  was  held  in  London, 
England,  where  it  was  agreed  to  form  an 
"  Alliance  of  the  Reformed  Churches  hold- 
ing the  Presbyterian  system,"  and  at  the 
first  meeting  of  this  new  association  of 
Presbyterians,  Dr.  Mathews  was  appointed 
American  secretary — a  position  which  he  has 
held  for  many  years,  and  which  through  his 
energy  and  administrative  skill  has  become 
one  of  the  most  influential  in  the  Presbyter- 
ian church  of  to-day.  While  performing  the 
duties  of  this  office,  Dr.  Mathews  has  been 
engaged  from  time  to  time  in  preparing  many 
new  and  reliable  tables  of  statistics  together 
with  a  series  of  concise  and  tabular  sketches 
of  the  Presbyterian  Churches  of  the  world. 
In  3879  he  became  associate  editor  of  the 
Catholic  Presbyterian,  the  organ  of  the  Alli- 
ance, and  a  periodical  of  the  highest  literary 
dignity  and  style.  At  the  meeting  of  the 
Alliance  in  1884,  at  Belfast,  he  was  further 
appointed  by  its  general  council  to  edit  the 
record  of  its  proceedings,  filling  a  volume  of 
no  less  than  seven  hundred  pages .  Included 
within  this  volume, there  is  to  be  found  a  very 
valuable  and  exhaustive  statistical  report,  or 
rather  series  of  reports,  compiled  by  the 
painstaking  secretary,  a  work  for  which  he 
has  received  the  highest  commendation  from 
his  brethren  and  others  who  have  carefully 
examined  it.  As  the  fruit  of  prolonged 
labour  and  original  enquiry,  it  carries  with- 
in it  information  of  the  most  interesting 
kind,  not  only  to  Presbyterians  but  to  all 
Protestant  churches.  In  recognition  of  Dr. 
Mathews'  great  services  to  the  Presbyter- 


ian cause,  and  the  prominent  position  he 
had  attained  to  in  church  affairs,  the  West- 
ern University  of  Pennsylvania  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 
At  the  present  writing,  the  secretary  of  the 
Pan- Presbyterian  Council  is  pastor  of 
Chalmers  Church,  Quebec.  Some  years 
ago  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  governors  of 
Morrin  College,  being  at  the  same  time 
professor  of  systematic  theology  in  that 
institution.  Since  1883  he  has  also  taken 
charge  of  the  classes  in  moral  philosophy. 
In  ordinary  educational  affairs  he  has 
always  taken  a  deep  interest,  having  been 
for  years  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Public 
Instruction  for  the  Province  of  Quebec.  As 
with  many  other  men  of  business  habits,  Rev. 
Dr.  Mathews  has  a  favourite  recreation. 
His  is  in  numismatic  research,  and  possess- 
ing a  very  valuable  collection  of  coins  :  he 
published,  in  1876,  a  volume  on  the  "  Coin- 
ages of  the  World,"  which  has  had  a  large 
circulation.  He  was  married,  in  1856,  to 
Maria  F.  Irvine,  of  Dublin,  by  whom  he  has 
had  a  family  of  two  sons  and  a  daughter,  all 
of  whom  survive  their  mother,  who  died  in 
1880. 

Bcntley,  Hon.  George  Whitefield 
Wheelock,  Kensington,  Commissioner  of 
Public  Works  for  Prince  Edward  Island,  was 
born  at  Margate,  Prince  county,  P.E.I.,  on 
the  21st  December,  1842.  He  is  the  youngest 
son  of  Thomas  Bentley  and  Hannah  Smith. 
His  father,  Mr.  Bentley,  sen.,  emigrated  from 
Yorkshire,  England,  to  Prince  Edward  Is- 
land, in  1817  ;  and  his  mother,  Hannah 
Smith,  came  to  the  same  island  in  1800  with 
her  parents,  she  having  been  born  on  the 
passage  out  from  England.  The  father  of 
this  lady  was  the  youngest  son  of  a  family 
of  twenty-two  children.  The  Bentley  family 
first  settled  in  Cavendish,  one  of  the  oldest 
settlements  on  the  island,  and  afterwards  re- 
moved to  Prince  county,  and  took  up  their 
abode  at  a  place  they  named  Margate,  after 
the  celebrated  watering-place  in  England. 
George,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  received 
an  ordinary  English  education  in  his  native 
place.  After  leaving  school  he  devoted  him- 
self to  agricultural  pursuits,  and  in  1874  re- ' 
moved  to  Kensington,  his  present  residence, 
where  he  has  since  carried  on  business  as  a 
merchant  and  as  a  farmer.  In  1879  he  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Assembly  of  P.E.I., 
by  the  electors  of  the  4th  electoral  district 
of  Prince  county  ;  again  at  the  general  elec- 
tion in  1882,  and  again  in  1886,  he  was  each 
time  returned  at  the  head  of  the  poll.  In 
January,  1887,  he  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Council,  and  in  the  follow- 


260 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


ing  month  was  chosen  commissioner  of  Pub- 
lic Works.  This  appointment  necessitated 
another  appeal  to  the  electors,  and  he  was 
again  returned  in  spite  of  determined  oppo- 
sition. Mr.  Bentley  has  been  a  life-long  ad- 
vocate of  temperance,  and  has  for  the  last 
twenty- live  years  been  connected  with  the 
order  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance.  He  has 
held  the  office  of  grand  worthy  patriarch  of 
the  Grand  Division  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
and  is  now  a  member  of  the  National  Divi- 
sion of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  of  North 
America.  He  has  travelled  through  all  the 
provinces  of  British  North  America,  and 
many  of  the  states  of  the  neighbouring  re- 
public. Politically  Mr.  Bentley  belongs  to 
the  ranks  of  the  Conservative  party  ;  and  in 
religious  matters  he  is  an  adherent  of  the 
Methodist  church.  On  the  9th  February, 
1870,  he  was  married  to  Emma  Jane,  daugh- 
ter of  William  Dennis,  of  Margate,  P.E.I. 
Jack,  William  Brydonr,  M.A., 
D.C.L.  The  deceased  Dr.  William  Brydone 
Jack  was  born  in  the  parish  of  Tinwald, 
Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  on  the  23rd  No- 
vember, 1819.  He  received  his  elementary 
education  at  the  schools  of  the  parish,  and 
was  afterwards  sent  to  the  academy  of  Hut- 
ton  Hall,  Caerlaverock,  where  he  was  pre- 
pared for  entering  college.  In  1835  he 
went  to  St.  Andrews,  and  became  a  stu- 
dent in  the  United  College  of  St.  Salvador 
and  St.  Leonard's.  During  his  course  he 
was  distinguished  for  proficiency  in  math- 
ematics and  physics,  carrying  off  the  high- 
est prizes  in  these  departments  of  study. 
Shortly  after  graduating  with  the  degree  of 
M.A.  in  1840,  he  was  offered  the  professor- 
ship of  physics  in  the  Manchester  New  Col- 
lege, in  succession  to  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Dalton,  and  about  the  same  time  the  posi- 
tion of  professorship  of  mathematics,  natur- 
al philosopny  and  astronomy  in  King's  Col- 
lege, Fredericton  (now  the  University  of 
New  Brunswick), was  tendered  to  his  accept- 
ance. Sir  David  Brewster,  who  was  then 
principal  of  the  college  at  St.  Andrews,  and 
with  whom  Dr.  Jack  had  been  a  favourite 
pupil,  thought  that  the  duties  and  responsi- 
bilities of  the  situation  at  Manchester  would, 
at  the  first  outset  in  life,  be  rather  hazard- 
ous and  trying  for  one  so  young  and  inex- 
perienced. Accordingly,  in  deference  to 
Sir  David's  advice  and  that  of  other  friends, 
Dr.  Jack  accepted  the  professorship  in  New 
Brunswick,  and  assumed  its  duties  in  Sep- 
tember. 1840.  As  King's  College  was  at 
first  under  the  management  of  the  Church 
of  England,  it  failed  to  command  the  con- 
fidence and  sympathy  of  the  general  public, 


and  consequently  it  was  never  so  prosperous 
as  it  should  have  been.  Many  and  violent 
attacks  were  therefore  made  upon  it  both  in 
and  out  of  the  legislature,  till  after  much 
worry  and  struggle  it  was,  in  I860,  re-mod- 
elled and  named  the  University  of  New 
Brunswick,  over  which  all  denominations 
were  admitted  to  an  equal  control.  In  1861 
Dr.  Jack  was  appointed  president  of  the 
university,  and  for  many  years  he  laboured 
and  laboured  successfully  in  bringing  the 
college  into  repute,  and  securing  the  general 
acceptance  and  confidence  of  the  public. 
He  spent  his  vacations  largely  in  travelling 
about  the  province,  and  by  public  addresses 
making  the  college  known  and  the  benefits 
of  the  higher  education  appreciated.  On 
the  inauguration  of  the  Free  School  system 
he  was  made,  ex-offi.cio,  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Education.  In  1885,  after  a  ser- 
vice of  forty-five  years  as  professor  and 
president,  failing  health  induced  him  to 
resign  his  appointments,  and  seek  the  ease 
and  quiet  of  private  life.  In  1886  the 
government  was  pleased  to  appoint  him 
a  member  of  the  Senate  of  the  University, 
in  whose  progress  and  prosperity  he  con- 
tinued to  take  the  warmest  interest.  Dr. 
Jack  was  always  a  devoted  student  of  as- 
tronomy, and  after  the  establishment  of 
lines  of  telegraph  communication,  he  was 
among  the  first  to  make  use  of  them,  deter- 
mining distances  of  longitude.  By  connec- 
tion with  Harvard  Observatory,  Mass.,  the 
true  longitude  of  Fredericton  was  ascer- 
tained. Taking  Fredericton  as  the  starting 
point,  he  obtained,  at  the  instance  and  ex- 
pense of  the  local  government,  the  longitude 
of  St.  John,  and  afterwards  of  some  places 
on  the  boundary  survey  of  the  province. 
The  determinations  were  of  service  to  Sir 
William  Logan  in  the  construction  of  his 
geological  map  of  Canada.  Dr.  Jack  died 
at  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  23rd 
day  of  November,  1886,  on  his  sixty  sixth 
birthday. 

Cowpertliwaite,  Rev.  Humphrey 
Pickard,  A.  M.,  Pastor  of  the  Queen 
Square  Methodist  Church,  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  was  born  in  Sheffield,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  30th  of  November,  1838. 
His  father  was  Hugh  Cowperthwaite,  and 
his  mother,  Elizabeth  Ann  Hunter;  she  was 
of  Scotch  descent.  His  grandfather,  on  his 
father's  side,  was  a  United  Empire  loyalist, 
and  came  from  New  Jersey  in  1783.  His 
great-grandfather  was  an  officer  in  the 
British  army,  during  the  American  revo- 
lutionary war  of  independence.  Humphrey 
received  his  education  in  the  parish  school, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


and  afterwards  at  Sackville  College,  where 
he  graduated  in  arts  in  1867.  He  adopted 
the  clerical  profession,  and  is  now  an  active 
minister  of  the  Methodist  church,  in  con- 
nection with  the  New  Brunswick  and  Prince 
Edward  Island  conference.  For  several  years 
he  was  chairman  of  the  Prince  Edward  Is- 
land district,  and  secretary  of  the  conference 
for  two  terms.  On  two  occasions  he  visited 
the  province  of  Ontario,  on  matters  con- 
nected with  his  church,  and  attended  as  a 
delegate  the  conferences  which  met  at  Hamil- 
ton and  Belleville  a  few  years  ago.  On  the 
19th  of  July,  1867,  he  was  married  to  Annie 
S.Buchanan,  of  Glasgow,  Scotland,  youngest 
daughter  of  W.  M.  Buchanan,  editor  of  the 
"Practical  Mechanics'  and  Engineers'  Ma- 
gazine," and  for  some  time  lecturer  on  geo- 
logy in  the  Glasgow  University. 

Lachapelle,  Emmanuel  Per§il- 
lier,  M.D.,  Montreal,  was  born  on  the  21st 
December,  1845,  at  Sault-au  Recollet,  pro- 
vince of  Quebec.  His  parents  were  Pierre 
Persillier-Lachapelle,  and  Marie  Zoe"  Ton- 
pin.  Dr.  Lachapelle  received  a  classical 
education  at  the  Montreal  College,  and  took 
a  course  in  medicine  and  surgery  at  the 
Montreal  Medical  and  Surgical  School,  and 
after  passing  very  brilliantly  his  examina- 
tion, was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  1869.  In  1872  he  was  appointed  surgeon 
to  the  65th  battalion,  and  held  that  position 
until  1 886.  In  1876  he  was  elected,  and  is 
still,  a  governor  and  treasurer  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the 
province  of  Quebec;  and  in  1885,  during 
the  small-pox  epidemic,  he  took  a  leading 
part  in  the  working  of  the  Central  Board 
of  Health,  and  was  appointed  president  of 
the  first  Provincial  Board  of  Health  re- 
cently organised.  Dr.  Lachapelle  was  the 
promoter  and  one  of  the  founders  of  Notre 
Dame  Hospital,  one  of  the  most  useful 
charitable  institutions  of  Montreal  to-day. 
In  1884,  wishing  to  free  the  hospital  from 
debt,  he,  together  with  friends  and  the 
board  of  management,  organized  a  grand 
Jcermesse  which  netted  about  $15,000  in  one 
week.  When  the  establishment  of  the 
branch  of  Laval  University  in  Montreal  was 
decided  upon,  he  became  one  of  its  most 
ardent  supporters  and  contributed  in  a  great 
measure  to  its  formation.  He  was  elect- 
ed general  president  of  the  Saint  Jean  Bap- 
tiste  Society  in  1876.  As  a  journalist,  Dr. 
Lachapelle  is  favourably  known,  having 
been  the  proprietor  and  editor  of  L'  Union 
Mtdicale  from  1876  to  1882.  He  is  doctor 
in  medicine  of  Laval  and  Victoria  Univer- 
sities, secretary  of  the  Medical  Faculty 


of  Laval  University,  professor  of  gene- 
ral Pathology  and  Medical  Jurisprudence, 
and  an  associate  member  of  the  "  Socie'te 
Franchise  d'Hygiene,"  Paris.  He  com- 
menced practising  in  Montreal  in  1869, 
and  took  a  foremost  rank  in  the  galaxy 
of  young  men  who  about  that  time  were 
entering  on  their  professional  life,  and 
have  since  risen  to  high  positions  in 
Canadian  society.  Dr.  Lachapelle  enjoys 
the  confidence  of  the  general  public,  and 
through  his  genial  disposition,  has  made  a 
host  of  friends.  He  has  been  closely  identi- 
fied with  all  the  scientific,  national  and  politi- 
cal movements  of  the  day,  and  his  influence 
and  advice  have  great  weight  and  are  highly 
appreciated. 

Allen,  Hon.  John  €.,  Fredericton, 
Chief  Justice  of  New  Brunswick,  was  born 
in  the  parish  of  Kingsclear,  county  of  York, 
N.B.,  on  the  first  of  October,  1817.  His 
grandfather,  Isaac  Allen,  was  a  United  Em- 
pire loyalist,  and  resided  in  Trenton,  New 
Jersey,  where  he  practised  law.  During  the 
revolutionary  war,  which  broke  out  in  1776, 
he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
second  battalion  of  New  Jersey  Volunteers, 
one  of  the  provincial  regiments  raised  dur- 
ing the  war.  At  the  peace  in  1783,  he 
settled  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  when  the  pro- 
vince of  New  Brunswick  was  established,  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  a  position  he  held  until  his 
death,  in  October,  1806.  His  wife  was  Sarah 
Campbell,  of  Philadelphia.  His  son,  the 
father  of  the  present  chief  justice,  was  John 
Allen,  formerly  a  captain  in  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Fencibles,  a  corps  raised  in  New  Bruns- 
wick during  the  war  of  1812,  and  command- 
ed by  General  John  Coffin.  This  regiment 
was  disbanded  in  1817,  and  Captain  Allen 
was  subsequently  appointed  lieutenant-colo- 
nel and  inspecting  field  officer  of  the  militia 
of  New  Brunswick,  and  when  that  office 
was  abolished,  was  appointed  quarter-mas- 
ter-general of  the  militia.  He  represented 
the  county  of  York  in  the  House  of  Assem- 
bly from  1809  to  1847.  He  died  in  April, 
1875,  aged  ninety-one  years,  and  his  wife 
died  in  1822,  Chief  Justice  Allen  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Fredericton  Grammar  School ; 
studied  law  with  the  Hon.  John  Simcoe 
Saunders,  son  of  the  then  chief  justice  in 
Fredericton  ;  was  admitted  as  an  attorney 
in  October,  1838  ;  and  to  the  bar  in  Mich- 
aelmas term,  1840.  In  1845  he  was  appoint- 
ed one  of  the  commissioners  for  settling  the 
claims  to  lands,  under  the  fourth  article  of 
the  treaty  of  W  ashington,  1842.  While  the 
boundary  between  the  province  of  New 


262 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Brunswick  and  the  United  States  was  in 
dispute,  the  portion  of  the  country  known 
as  "  the  disputed  territory,"  extending  from 
near  the  Grand  Falls  of  the  river  St.  John 
to  the  head  of  the  river,  and  including  the 
whole  Madawaska  settlement  on  both  sides 
of  the  river,  was  being  occupied  by  settlers, 
principally  Acadian  French,  who  held  by 
possession  only,  the  government  refusing  to 
make  any  grants  of  the  land.  By  the  treaty, 
the  channel  of  the  river,  from  a  point  about 
three  miles  above  the  Grand  Falls  to  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  Francis,  a  tributary 
of  the  St.  John,  about  seventy  miles  above 
the  falls,  was  fixed  as  the  boundary  be- 
tween the  two  countries,  and  the  fourth 
article  of  the  treaty  provided  that  all  equit- 
able possessory  claims,  arising  from  a  pos- 
session and  improvement  of  any  land  for 
more  than  six  years  before  the  date  of  the 
treaty,  should  be  deemed  valid,  and  be  con- 
firmed to  the  persona  so  in  possession.  The 
commission  was  appointed  to  investigate 
and  settle  the  claims  of  the  persons  in 
possession  of  that  portion  of  the  lands 
in  dispute,  which  fell  within  the  domin- 
ion of  Great  Britain.  During  the  years 
1845  and  1847,  they  heard  and  deter- 
mined the  claims  of  all  the  settlers  be- 
tween the  Grand  Falls  and  the  St.  Francis, 
and  grants  of  the  lands  were  afterwards 
issued  by  the  government  to  the  respective 
parties,  in  accordance  with  the  report  of  the 
commissioners.  The  other  commissioner  was 
the  late  James  A.  Maclauchlan,  who  was 
formerly  an  officer  in  the  104th  regiment, 
and  served  in  Canada  between  1813-15,  and 
who  had  for  many  years  acted  as  warden  of 
the  disputed  territory,  by  appointment  of 
the  British  government,  for  the  purpose  of 
preventing  the  cutting  of  timber  upon  it. 
The  most  valuable  part  of  the  "disputed 
territory,"  the  fertile  valley  of  the  Aroostook, 
was  awarded  to  the  United  States  by  the 
treaty.  Hon.  Mr.  Allen  was  appointed  clerk 
of  the  Executive  Council  of  New  Brunswick 
in  November,  1851,  and  held. that  office  till 
January,  1856,  when  he  resigned  it,  and  in 
February  following  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Assembly  for  York  county.  In 
May  following,  was  appointed  solicitor-gen- 
eral, which  position  he  held  until  May,  1857, 
when  the  government  resigned,  having  been 
defeated  at  the  general  election  of  that  year. 
In  1852  was  elected  mayor  of  Fredericton 
and  continued  to  hold  the  office  till  1855, 
when  he  resigned.  In  1860  he  was  offer- 
ed the  position  of  Queen's  counsel,  but  de- 
clined. He  was  speaker  of  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Assembly  from  1862  until  that  house 


was  dissolved,  in  1865,  for  the  purpose 
of  ascertaining  the  opinion  of  the  people 
upon  the  question  of  confederation,  as 
agreed  upon  by  the  delegates  assembled  at 
Quebec,  in  September  previous.  Having 
been  again  elected  as  a  representative  op- 
posed to  confederation,  in  April,  1865,  he 
was  appointed  attorney-general,  which  office 
he  held  until  the  21st  September  following. 
In  June  of  that  year  he  was  sent  by  the  Pro- 
vincial government,  with  the  Hon.  Albert 
J.  Smith  (afterwards  Sir  Albert),  as  a  dele- 
gate to  the  British  government,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  urging  the  objections  of  New  Bruns- 
wick to  the  confederation  of  the  provinces. 
Soon  after  his  return  from  England,  on  the 
21st  of  September,  1865,  he  was  appointed 
a  puisne  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New 
Brunswick,  a  vacancy  having  been  caused 
by  the  resignation  of  Sir  James  Carter,  and 
on  the  8th  of  October,  1875,  he  was  made 
chief  justice  of  New  Brunswick,  as  successor 
to  the  Hon.  William  Johnston  Ritchie,  who 
at  that  time  was  appointed  a  puisne  judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Canada.  On  the 
8th  of  October,  1866,  he  was  appointed  vice- 
president  of  the  Court  of  Governor  and 
Council,  for  determining  suits  relating  to 
marriage  and  divorce.  By  an  act  of  the 
Legislative  Assembly,  passed  in  1791,  a 
court  was  constituted,  consisting  of  the 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  province  and  his 
Majesty's  council,  for  the  determination  of 
suits  and  questions  concerning  marrriage 
and  divorce  and  alimony,  the  governor  to 
be  president  of  the  court.  The  governor 
was  also  authorized  to  appoint  the  chief  jus- 
tice, or  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  or  the  Master  of  the  Rolls,  to  be  vice- 
president  of  the  court,  and  to  act  in  his. 
place.  In  1860,  a  new  court  for  the  trial  of 
matrimonial  causes  was  created  by  the  Act 
23  Vic.,  c.  37,  and  all  suits  pending  in  the 
court  before  the  Governor  and  Council,  ex- 
cept those  in  which  evidence  had  been  ex- 
amined, which  were  to  be  proceeded  withaa 
before,  were  transferred  to  the  new  court. 
Justice  Neville  Parker  was  appointed  the 
judge  under  this  act,  and  we  therefore  pre- 
sume Mr.  Allen's  appointment  as  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Court  of  Governor  and  Council 
was  for  the  purpose  of  hearing  some  case 
commenced  under  the  old  law,  in  which  evi- 
dence had  been  examined  ;  but,  so  far  as  we 
can  learn,  he  has  never  acted  under  his  com- 
mission. In  June,  1878,  he  was  appointed, 
in  the  place  of  the  late  Governor  Wilmot, 
one  of  the  arbitrators  for  settling  the  North- 
West  boundary  of  the  province  of  Ontario. 
The  other  arbitrators  were  Sir  Edward 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


263 


Thornton,  the  British  Minister  at  Washing- 
ton, and  Chief  Justice  Harrison,  of  Ontario. 
The  time  appointed  for  the  meeting  of  the 
arbitrators  having  been  fixed  for  the  early 
part  of  July,  and  difficulties  existing  in  the 
way  of  a  postponement,  Chief  Justice  Allen 
was  obliged  to  resign  the  appointment,  as 
his  judicial  duties  prevented  him  from  at- 
tending to  it,  the  trial  of  the  Osborne  family 
for  the  alleged  murder  of  Timothy  McCarthy, 
coming  on  at  the  Circuit  Court  then  about 
to  open,  at  which  he  was  to  preside. 
Among  the  most  notable  criminal  cases 
which  Chief  Justice  Allen  has  tried  may  be 
mentioned  that  of  John  A.  Munroe,  in  1869, 
for  the  murder  of  Sarah  Margaret  Vail  and 
her  child,  at  St.  John  ;  and  in  1875,  of  a 
number  of  persons  at  Bathurst,  in  the 
county  of  Gloucester,  who  participated  in 
the  Carraquet  riots,  which  originated  in  re- 
sisting the  enforcement  of  the  Common 
Schools  Act ;  also  that  of  Chasson  and  ten 
others,  for  the  murder  of  one  Gifford,  who 
had  aided  the  sheriff's  officers  in  arresting 
the  Carraquet  rioters  mentioned  above.  He 
also  tried  the  Osborne  family  twice  for  the 
alleged  murder  of  Timothy  McCarthy,  at 
Shediac,  in  the  county  of  Westmoreland. 
The  first  trial,  in  July"  and  August,  1878, 
occupied  six  weeks.  The  jury  having  dis- 
agreed, the  prisoners  were  again  tried  in 
November  and  December  of  the  same  year, 
the  trial  occupying  nearly  six  weeks,  and,  as 
before,  the  jury  failed  to  agree.  In  1847 
Hon.  Mr.  Allen  published  a  book  of  the 
Rules  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, and  the  Acts  of  Assembly  relating  to 
the  practice  of  the  courts.  He  has  also 
rendered  much  valuable  service  to  the  legal 
profession,  in  the  compilation  and  publica- 
tion of  six  volumes  of  law  reports,  em- 
bodying the  decisions  of  the  court  extending 
over  a  number  of  years.  In  his  younger 
days  the  Chief  Justice  took  an  active  interest 
in  the  militia  of  the  province.  About  the 
year  ]835  he  joined  a  volunteer  company  of 
artillery,  in  Fredericton.  In  1838  the  sev- 
eral companies  of  artillery  in  the  province, 
viz. ,  at  Fredericton,  St.  John,  St.  Andrews, 
and  St.  Stephens,  were  formed  into  a  regi- 
ment called  "The  New  Brunswick  Regiment 
of  Artillery,"  under  the  command  of  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Richard  Hayne,  formerly  of 
the  Royal  artillery,  and  in  1838  Mr.  Allen 
was  appointed  second  lieutenant  in  the  regi- 
ment ;  afterwards  first  lieutenant  and  adju- 
tant, and  captain,  in  July,  1841.  The 
militia  law  having  been  materially  altered  in 
1865,  he  has  not  since  that  had  any  active 
connection  with  the  force.  In  1844  he  was 


appointed  Provincial  aide-de-camp  to  Sir 
William  Colbrooke,  the  lieutenant-governor 
of  the  province,  and  continued  so  till  he  re- 
signed the  government,  in  1848.  In  1882 
the  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred 
on  Chief  Justice  Allen  by  the  University  of 
New  Brunswick.  Chief  Justice  Allen  is  a 
member  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  for 
nearly  forty  years  has  been  a  member  of  the 
church  corporation  in  Fredericton.  He  has 
also  held  the  position  of  churchwarden  in 
the  parish  church  for  over  twenty-five  years, 
and  on  several  occasions  has  been  elected 
delegate  to  the  provincial  synod  at  Montreal. 
In  1845  he  married  Margaret  A.  Drury, 
daughter  of  the  late  Captain  Charles  Drury, 
29th  Regiment  of  foot,  who  died  at  St.  John 
in  1835.  He  has  five  children  living—  Wil- 
liam, Thomas  Carleton  (the  prothonotary  of 
the  Supreme  Court),  Edmund  H._,  George 
W.,  and  Henry. 

Chapman,  Robert  Andrew,  Dor- 
chester, New  Brunswick,  was  born  in  Dor- 
chester,county  of  Westmoreland,  NewBruns- 
wick,  on  the  2nd  of  February,  1835,  where 
he  has  resided  ever  since.  His  father  was 
Robert  B.  Chapman,  and  his  mother,  Mar- 
garet Weldon.  Both  Mr.  Chapman's  great- 
grandfather and  grandfather  emigrated  from 
Yorkshire,  England,  in  1775,  and  both  re- 
presented the  county  of  Westmoreland  in 
the  New  Brunswick  legislature.  The  wife  of 
the  latter  was  Sarah  Black,  sister  to  William 
Black,  commonly  known  as  "  Bishop  Black," 
the  father  of  Methodism  in  the  Maritime 
provinces.  Margaret  Weldon's  grandfather 
on  the  paternal  side,  came  to  America  from 
North  Allerton,  Yorkshire,  in  1770,  and  her 
ancestors  on  the  maternal  side — theKillams 
— were  United  Empire  loyalists.  Robert  A. 
Chapman  received  his  primary  education  in 
the  public  schools,  and  afterwards  studied 
under  an  Irish  teacher,  who  was  noted  as  a 
mathematician.  When  he  grew  up  to  man- 
hood, he  adopted  mechanical  pursuits,  went 
largely  into  ship  building,  and  from  1860 
to  1878  built  upwards  of  thirty  vessels,  prin- 
cipally barques  and  ships,  varying  from  600 
to  1,500  tons  burthen.  Mr.  Chapman  holds 
a  captain's  commission  in  the  reserve  militia. 
He  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  a 
long  time ;  and  was  high  sheriff  of  the 
county  of  Westmoreland  from  1879  to  1886. 
On  the  organization  of  the  municipal  coun- 
cil for  Westmoreland  county,  he  was,  along 
with  Hon.  P.  A.  Landry,  elected  a  mem- 
ber by  acclamation  for  Dorchester  parish, 
and  continued  to  sit  in  this  body  until  he 
was  made  high  sheriff;  and  again,  in  1886, 
he  was  elected  to  this  council.  He  was  an 


264 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


unsuccessful  candidate  in  his  county  for  a 
seat  in  the  New  Brunswick  legislature  in 
1872  ;  and  again  in  3878,  against  Sir  A.  J. 
Smith,  for  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
at  Ottawa.  On  both  occasions,  however,  he 
polled  a  large  vote.  In  politics,  Mr.  Chap- 
man is  a  Conservative  ;  and  in  religion,  is 
an  adherent  of  the  Methodist  church.  He 
was  married  on  the  18th  of  October,  ]  859,  to 
Mary  E.  Frost,  daughter  of  Stephen  Frost, 
late  of  Chatham,  New  Brunswick. 

Steele,  Rev.  D.  A.,  A.M.,  Baptist 
Minister,  Amherst,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  in 
the  village  of  Barewood,  Herefordshire,  Eng- 
land, on  the  17th  September,  1838,  and  came 
to  America  in  1845.  His  ancestry  on  the  pa- 
ternal side  came  from  Annandale,  Scotland. 
He  was  educated  at  Acadia  College,  Wolf- 
ville,  Nova  Scotia,  from  which  institution 
he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.M.  He 
WPS  ordained  to  the  ministry  there,  on  the 
20th  June,  1865.  He  took  charge  of  the 
Baptist  Church  in  Canso  for  two  years  ;  and 
then,  in  1867,  removed  to  Amherst  and 
took  the  pastorate  of  the  church  which  had 
for  many  years  been  presided  over  by  the 
late  Rev.  Charles  Tupper,  D.D.,  father  of 
Sir  Charles  Tupper,  finance  minister  of  Ca- 
nada. The  Rev.  Mr.  Steele  was  one  of  the 
promoters  of  the  independent  foreign  mis- 
sions of  the  Baptist  church  in  the  Maritime 
provinces,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Foreign 
Mission  Board.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Senate  of  Acadia  College,  and  also  chairman 
of  the  Board  of  School  Commissioners  for 
Cumberland  county.  Rev.  Mr.  Steele  has 
been  an  active  worker  ever  since  he  assum- 
ed the  pastoral  office,  and  has  left  his  mark 
for  good  on  his  adopted  county.  In  1865  he 
was  married  to  Sarah  Hart,  the  only  surviv- 
ing daughter  of  Spinney  Whitman,  whose 
ancestors  came  from  New  England  to  An- 
napolis on  the  expulsion  of  the  Acadians. 

Flint,  Tlioma*  Barnard,  M.A., 
LL.B.,  Yarmouth,  Barrister,  and  Assistant 
Clerk  to  the  House  of  Assembly  of  Nova 
Scotia,  was  born  on  the  28th  April,  1847, 
at  Yarmouth,  N.S.  His  parents  were  John 
Flint  and  Ann  S.  Barnard,  who  were  mar- 
ried in  ]  834,  and  were  respectively  descended 
from  Thomas  Flint,  of  Marblehead,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  of  Benjamin  Barnard,  of 
Salem,  in  the  same  state.  Thomas  Flint, 
the  ancestor  of  all  the  family  of  that  name 
in  the  western  portion  of  Nova  Scotia,  came 
to  Yarmouth,  in  1771,  and  his  descendants 
are  very  numerous  in  that  part  of  the  coun- 
try. Benjamin  Barnard,  of  Salem,  came  to 
the  same  part  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  1770,  and 
although  his  descendants  in  Yarmouth  are 


numerous,  yet  the  family  name  has  com- 
pletely died  out.  It  is  however  perpetuated 
in  the  names  of  Barnard  street  and  Barnard 
lane  in  the  town  of  Yarmouth.  Both  these 
families  were,  of  course,  thoroughly  identi- 
fied with  the  history  of  Yarmouth  town  and 
county,  which  were  mainly  settled  from  New 
England,  and  which  still  retain  many  of  the 
New  England  characteristics,  Thomas  B. 
Flint,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  received  his 
early  education  at  Yarmouth,  and  subse- 
quently went  to  Wesley  College,  Sackville, 
New  Brunswick,  where  he  took  the  degree 
of  B.A.  in  1867  ;  and  of  M.A.  in  1875  ;  and 
in  the  same  year  he  carried  off  the  "  Moore  " 
prize  for  the  best  essay  on  "  John  Milton." 
He  also  took  a  course  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  in  1872, 
and  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  that 
university.  He  adopted  law  as  a  profession, 
and  studied  in  the  office  of  Senator  (now  ex- 
judge)  Ritchie,  and  on  being  admitted  to  the 
bar  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  1872.  For  years  Mr.  Flint  has  taken  an 
active  interest  in  educational  matters,  and 
in  the  temperance  reform  movement.  For 
a  long  period  he  held  office  as  a  school  trus- 
tee, and  was  secretary  of  the  High  School 
committee  several  years.  He  is  a  member 
and  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Governors  of 
the  Yarmouth  Seminary.  He  was  appointed 
high  sheriff  of  the  countjr  of  Yarmouth  in  the 
autumn  of  1883,  but  resigned  the  same  at 
the  end  of  the  year  1886.  At  the  opening  of 
the  session  of  1887  he  was  elected  assistant 
clerk  of  the  House  of  Assembly  of  Nova 
Scotia,  in  the  place  of  the  late  assistant  clerk, 
who  was  promoted  to  the  chief  clerkship. 
Mr.  Flint,  a  Liberal  and  anti-Confederate  in 
politics,  was  defeated  as  a  candidate  for  the 
local  legislature  in  3873,  when  he  contested 
the  county  against  a  former  representative, 
who  was  declared  returned  by  a  majority  of 
two  votes.  Although  the  return  was  con- 
tested fey  Mr.  Flint,  his  opponent  was  con- 
firmed in  his  seat.  He  was  also  a  candidate 
for  the  House  of  Commons  in  1878,  in  op- 
position to  Frank  Killam.  Mr.  Killarn 
was  elected  by  a  substantial  majority.  As 
both  gentlemen  were  supporters  of  the  Lib- 
eral party,  merely  personal  and  local  issues 
were  involved  in  the  contest.  He  was 
again  a  candidate  for  the  local  legislature  in 
1882  on  the  Liberal  ticket,  but  was  unsuc- 
cessful, having  been  defeated  by  a  small 
majority.  Mr.  Flint  was  for  many  years 
engaged  in  shipbuilding  ;  the  management 
of  shipping  and  various  public  enterprises ; 
a  stockholder  in  the  Western  Counties  Rail- 
way Company,  and  other  corporations.  He 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


265 


is  prominent  in  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and 
is  a  past  master  of  Scotia  lodge,  No.  31, 
R.N.S. ;  past  district  deputy  grand  master  of 
District  No.  3,  and  secretary  of  Scotia  lodge. 
Since  1872  he  has  taken  an  active  part,  in 
the  Liberal  interest,  in  political  discussions 
through  the  press  and  on  the  platform,  par- 
ticularly on  occasions  of  general  elections, 
and  assisted  in  obtaining  the  Liberal  repeal 
victory  in  Yarmouth  county  in  February, 
1887,  when,  however,  the  province  generally 
returned  a  majority  of  representatives  in 
opposition  to  the  further  continuance  of  the 
repeal  agitation.  He  married,  on  October 
14th,  1874,  Mary  Ella,  daughter  of  Thomas 
B.  Dane,  of  Yarmouth,  who  was  also  a  de- 
acendant  of  a  New  England  family  that 
settled  in  Yarmouth  county  in  1789. 

Wickwire,  William  Nathan,  M.D., 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  Corn- 
wallis,  Kings  county,  N.S.,  on  the  18th 
November,  1839.  His  parents  were  Peter 
and  Eliza  Wickwire.  Dr.  Wickwire  received 
his  education,  chiefly  at  Horton  Academy 
and  Acadia  College,  Wolf ville,  N.  S. ,  and 
graduated  at  the  latter  in  1860,  taking  the 
degree  of  B.A.  In  1863  Acadia  College 
also  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
M.A.  He  studied  medicine  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  from  1860  to 
1864,  and  there  received  the  degree  of  M.D. 
In  the  autumn  of  1864  he  formed  a  medical 
co-partnership  with  Dr.  Tupper  (now  Sir 
Charles),  at  Halifax,  which  partnership  ex- 
isted till  Dr.  Tupper  took  up  his  residence 
at  Ottawa,  in  1870.  For  several  years  he 
was  surgeon  to  a  volunteer  company  ;  from 
1867  to  1872  he  held  the  office  of  assistant 
inspecting  physician  for  the  port  of  Halfax, 
and  since  that  date  to  the  present  time  has 
held  the  position  of  inspecting  physician 
for  the  same  port.  For  several  years  the 
doctor  has  been  vice-consul  for  the  Nether- 
lands at  Halifax.  He  enjoys  a  good  prac- 
tice. In  politics  Dr.  Wickwire  is  a  Liberal- 
Conservative;  and  in  religion  an  adherent  of 
the  Episcopal  church.  He  was  married  in 
1870  to  Margaret  Louisa,  daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  Alexander  Keith,  of  Halifax. 

Mai h it'll,  Hon.  Michel,  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court,  Montreal,  was  born  at  Sorel, 
Richelieu  county,  on  the  20th  December, 
1838,  from  the  union  of  Joseph  Mathieu, 
farmer,  and  justice  of  the  peace,  residing  at 
Sorel,  and  Edwidge  Vandal.  Mr.  Mathieu 
the  elder  was  a  farmer  of  little  means,  but 
had  his  son  educated  under  the  care  of  the 
Rev.  Messire  Augustin  Lemay,  formerly 
cure  of  the  parish  of  Ste.  Victoire  (which 
was  founded  by  the  dismemberment  of  the 


old  parish  of  St.  Pierre  de  Sorel),  where 
Mr.  Mathieu  had  resided.  His  ancestors 
were  of  an  ancient  French  family.  The 
subject  of  our  sketch  completed  his  course 
of  classical  studies  at  the  college  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe.  Leaving  that  institution  in  1860, 
he  matriculated,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
study  of  the  profession  of  a  notary  in  the 
office  of  Jean  George  Cre'bassa,  notary  pub- 
lic, of  the  town  of  Sore],  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  on  the  20th  of  January,  1864. 
In  1861  he  had  been  also  admitted  to  the 
study  of  law.  He  practised  as  a  notary  for 
a  year,  when  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  and  abandoned  his 
former  profession  to  engage  exclusively  in 
law  practice.  On  the  llth  of  June,  1866, 
he  was  appointed  sheriff  of  the  district  of 
Richelieu,  in  the  place  of  Pierre  Remi  Che- 
valier, who  had  resigned  in  his  favour,  and 
held  that  position  until  the  14th  of  August, 
1872.  The  entrance  of  Mr.  Mathieu  into 
political  life  dates  from  that  period,  when 
he  entered  the  lists  and  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Commons  over  his  opponent, 
George  Isidore  Barthe,  who,  in  turn,  de- 
feated him  in  1874.  In  the  following  year 
he  was  elected  by  acclamation  member  of 
the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  province  of 
Quebec  for  Richelieu  county  ;  and  again, 
on  the  1st  of  May,  1878,  by  a  majority  of 
186  over  Pierre  Bergeron,  a  physician  of 
St.  Aime\  Mr.  Mathieu  always  wielded  a 
powerful  influence  in  his  county,  and  was 
mainly  instrumental  in  securing  the  election 
of  L.  H.  Massue  to  the  House  of  Commons 
at  Ottawa  in  the  election  of  the  1st  of  Sep- 
tember, 1878.  In  politics  he  is  a  Conserva- 
tive, and  has  always  been  a  faithful  adherent 
and  a  strong  supporter  of  the  late  Sir  George 
Etienne  Cartier  and  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald. 
On  the  llth  of  October,  1880,  he  was  made 
a  Queen's  counsel,  and  on  3rd  October,  1881, 
he  accepted  the  position  of  justice  of  the  Su- 
perior Court  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  and 
removed  to  Montreal,  where  he  resides  at 
the  present  time.  Until  his  elevation  to 
the  judicial  bench,  he  was  one  of  the  direc- 
tors of  the  Montreal,  Portland  and  Boston 
and  of  the  South-Eastern  Railway  Compa- 
nies. He  also  published  La  Revue  Legate 
for  many  years.  Of  undaunted  energy,  and 
possessed  of  sterling  capacities,  Hon.  Mr. 
Mathieu  always  took  a  deep  interest  in  the 
advancement  of  his  native  town,  and  occu- 
pied its  civic  chair  during  seven  years,  from 
1875  to  1881.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  College  of  Sorel.  As  a  pri- 
vate citizen  he  is  esteemed  for  his  affability 
and  kindness  of  manners  to  all  who  require 


266 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


his  advice,  or  have  business  to  transact  with 
him,  and  his  courteousness  has  made  him 
hosts  of  friends  everywhere.  Justice  Mathieu 
was  twice  married — the  first  time,  on  the 
22nd  of  June,  1863,  to  Marie  Rose  Delima 
Thirza,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Captain  St. 
Louis,  of  Sorel  ;  she  died  on  the  23rd  of 
March,  1870.  By  his  first  marriage  he  has 
three  children,  one  son  and  two  daughters, 
living.  On  .the  30th  October,  1881,  he 
married  Marie  Ame"lie  Antoinette,  a  daugh- 
ter of  the  Hon.  David  Armstrong,  member 
of  the  Legislative  Council  of  the  province 
of  Quebec,  and  of  Le"ocadie  de  Ligny.  The 
fruit  of  his  second  union  was  one  son, 
living.  Madame  Mathieu 's  name  is  always 
to  be  found  among  the  charity  workers  o'f 
the  city  of  Montreal,  and  she  is  blessed  by 
the  poor. 

.loh  11*1  on,  Hon.  Jame§  William, 
Judge  in  Equity,  Dartmouth,  Nova  Scotia. 
The  late  Judge  Johnston  was  by  descent  a 
Scotchman,    and  by  birth   a  West  Indian. 
His  grandfather,  Dr.  Lewis  Johnston,  was 
born  in  Scotland,  and  claimed  to  be  entitled 
to  the  now  long  dormant  title  of  Marquis  of 
Annandale,  but  never  pressed  his  claim  in 
the  courts.     He  married  Laleah  Peyton,  a 
lady  of  Huguenot  descent,  and   settled  in 
Savannah,  Georgia,  then  a  British  colony, 
where  he  owned  an  estate  called  Annandale. 
Previous  'to    the    rebellion,  Dr.   Johnston 
filled  the  office  of  president  of  the  council 
and  treasurer  of  the  colony  of  Georgia.     On 
the  breaking  out  of  the  revolutionary  war  his 
sons  all  entered  the  British  army  and  fought 
on  the  side  of  the  king.     His  eldest   son, 
William    Martin   Johnston,  the    father   of 
Judge  Johnston,  held  the  rank  of  captain  of 
the  New  York  volunteers  in  the  year  1775. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  defence  of  Savannah, 
was  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Montgomery  on 
the  Hudson,  and  took  part  in  various  other 
engagements  during  the  war.     At  its  close 
Dr.    Johnston   returned   to    Scotland,  and 
Captain  Johnston,  who  had  lost  all  his  pro- 
perty in  consequence  of  espousing  the  cause 
of  Britain,  studied  medicine,  and  graduated 
in  the  University  of  Edinburgh.     He  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  Lichtenstein,  the  only  daugh- 
ter of   Captain  John   Lichtenstein,   of  the 
noble  and  ancient  Austrian  family  of  that 
name.     Captain  Johnston  subsequently  re- 
moved to  Kingston  in  the  island  of  Jamaica, 
where  his  son  James  was  born  on  the  29th 
of  August,  1792.    He  was  early  sent  to  Scot- 
land for  his  education,  and  was  placed  under 
the  care  of  the  late  Rev.   Dr.   Duncan,  of 
Ruthwell.     The   family   afterwards   settled 
permanently  in  Nova  Scotia.   James  William 


Johnston  studied  law  in  Annapolis  in  the 
office  of  Thomas  Ritchie,  afterwards  one  of 
the   judges  of  the  Common  Pleas,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  18]  5.   He  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Kentville, 
the  shire  town  of  Kings  county,  but  shortly 
after  removed  to  Halifax  and  entered   into 
partnership  with  Simon  Bradstreet  Robie, 
at  that  time  the  leading  practitioner  in  the 
province.     Mr.  Johnston  rose  rapidly  in  his 
profession,  and   soon  attained   the  highest 
rank,  which  he  continued  to  hold  unchal- 
lenged until  his  elevation  to  the  bench  of  the 
Supreme  Court.     In   cross-examination  he 
displayed  peculiar  tact  and  skill,  extracting 
from  the  most  reluctant  and  perverse  wit- 
ness the  minutest  facts  within   his  knowl- 
edge.    Among  the  intellectual  features  that 
marked  his  professional  career  may  be  noted 
a  strong  and  comprehensive  grasp,  a  mem- 
ory that  seemed  ever  obedient  to  his  will, 
together  with  a  rapidity  of  perception,  that 
gave  wonderful  readiness  at  repartee,  seizing 
like  lightning  on  the  mistakes  or  unwise  or 
weak  arguments  of  an  opponent,  and  turning 
them  to  the  disadvantage  of  the  opposite  side, 
and  to  the  manifest  advantage  of  his  own. 
This  mental  superiority,  aided  as  it  was  by 
untiring   perseverance   and   industry,    was 
alone  sufficient  to  win  the  highest  honours 
of  the  bar.     Few,  if  any,  of  Mr.  Johnston's 
forensic  efforts  have  been  preserved  ;  but  in 
cases   where  the   battle  was   to  be   fought 
against  wrong  and   oppression,  he  was  es- 
pecially powerful  ;  rising  to  the  occasion  his 
bursts  of  impassioned  eloquence  swept  with 
the  force  of  a  tornado  carrying  all  before  it. 
In  the  year  1835  Mr.  Johnston  was  appoint- 
ed solicitor-general  of  the  province,  which 
office  was  then  n  on -political;  but  in  the  year 
1838,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  Sir  Colin 
Campbell,  then  lieutenant-governor  of  Nova 
Scotia,    he  entered  the  Legislative  Council 
and   commenced  his  political   life,  and   at 
once  became  the  acknowledged  leader  of  the 
Conservative  party.       On  the  elevation  of 
the  Hon.  S.  G.  W.  Archibald  to  the  Court 
of  Chancery  as  master  of  the  rolls  in  1843, 
Mr.  Johnston  was  appointed  attorney-gen- 
eral, and  at  the  general  election  held  in  that 
year,    resigned   his  seat  in   the  Legislative 
Council,  and  stood  for  the  important  county 
of  Annapolis,  for  which  he  was  returned  by 
a  large  majority,  and  which  constituency  he 
continued  uninterruptedly  to  represent  in 
the  House  of  Assembly  until  1863,  when  he 
took  his  seat  on  the  bench.  One  of  the  first 
acts  he  placed  on  the  statute  book  was  the 
Simultaneous  Polling  Act,  which  provided 
for  the  holding  of  elections  throughout  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


267 


province  on  one  and  the  same  day,  instead 
of  being  as  theretofore  held  at  different 
times,  and  the  polls  moved  round  in  differ- 
ent places  in  each  constituency,  entailing 
large  additional  expense  and  much  loss  of 
time.  He  also  successfully  advocated  the 
introduction  of  denominational  colleges, 
arid  their  partial  endowment  by  the  state. 
Hon.  Mr.  Johnston  was  one  of  the  delegates 
selected  to  meet  Lord  Durham,  the  high 
commissioner  for  settling  the  difficulties  in 
Canada,  and  to  confer  with  him  on  the  con- 
templated changes  in  colonial  government. 
Hon.  Mr.  Johnston  might  justly  have 
claimed  the  honour  of  being  the  first  states- 
man who  in  the  halls  of  legislature  advo- 
cated the  union  or  confederation  of  the 
North  American  colonies.  In  the  year  1854, 
on  the  floor  of  the  Nova  Scotia  House  of 
Assembly,  in  a  speech  which  for  breadth  of 
conception,  deep  research,  fervent  patriot- 
ism, and  glowing  eloquence,  has  rarely  been 
equalled,  and  which  by  many  has  been  con- 
sidered his  greatest  effort,  Hon.  Mr.  John- 
ston moved  : — 

That  the  union  of  the  British  North  American 
provinces  on  just  principles,  while  calculated  to 
perpetuate  their  connection  with  the  parent 
state,  would  promote  their  advancement  and 
prosperity,  increase  their  strength  and  influence, 
and  elevate  their  position. 

And  though  before  the  union  was  consum- 
m  ,r,ed  he  had  retired  from  public  life,  and 
was  therefore  in  no  way  responsible  for  the 
details  of  the  scheme,  yet  his  advocacy  of 
the  measure  on  its  broad  basis  tended  in  no 
slight  degree  to  create  and  educate  public 
opinion,  and  smoothed  the  way  for  those 
who  eventually  succeeded  in  effecting  the 
important  change  in  the  constitution  he  was 
the  first  to  advocate.  In  the  year  1857 
Hon.  Mr.  Johnston,  then  attorney-general 
and  leader  of  the  government,  pursuant  to 
a  resolution  passed  in  the  House  of  Assem- 
bly, proceeded  to  England  to  ad j  ust  the 
differences  that  for  years  existed  between 
the  province  and  the  General  Mining  Asso- 
ciation, who,  as  assignees  of  the  Duke  of 
York,  to  whom  they  had  been  granted, 
claimed  the  exclusive  right  to  the  mines  and 
minerals  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  who,  by  virtue 
thereof,  possessed  a  practical  monopoly  of 
the  coal  trade.  After  a  protracted  negotia- 
tion, a  compromise  was  effected  and  an  agree- 
ment entered  into  by  which  the  General 
Mining  Association  ceded  to  the  govern- 
ment all  their  right  and  title  to,  and  over, 
all  the  unworked  mines  and  minerals.  Thus 
was  a  grievance  of  long  standing  amicably 
settled,  and  their  right  to  the  great  wealth 


hidden  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth  secured 
to  the  people  of  Nova  Scotia.  In  the  year 
1863,  after  a  labourious  and  active  profes- 
sional life,  and  a  somewhat  turbulent  politi- 
cal career,  Hon.  Mr.  Johnston  accepted  a 
seat  on  the  bench  as  judge  in  Equity  and 
judge  of  the  Supreme  Court.  The  duties 
of  his  office  were  discharged  with  assiduity 
and  the  strictest  integrity,  and  his  decisions 
were  received  by  the  bar  as  clear,  logical, 
and  exhaustive  expositions  of  the  law.  In 
the  summer  of  1872,  Hon.  Mr.  Johnston 
obtained  leave  of  absence,  and  proceeded  to 
the  south  of  France  in  the  hopes  that  a 
milder  and  more  genial  climate  might  re- 
move a  bronchial  affection  from  which  he 
was  suffering,  but  the  beneficial  results  an- 
ticipated did  not  follow.  He  was  offered 
in  the  following  year  the  lieutenant-gover- 
ship  of  his  adopted  country,  vacant  by  the 
demise  of  the  late  Hon.  Joseph  Howe,  but 
this  position  the  state  of  his  health  com- 
pelled him  to  decline.  Early  in  life  Mr. 
Johnston  connected  himself  with  the  Bap- 
tist Church,  and  to  the  end  continued  a 
member  of  that  communion.  For  years  he 
devoted  his  time,  energies  and  talents  to 
the  advancement  of  that  body,  socially, 
politically  and  educationally.  The  Baptist 
Academy  at  Wolfville,  as  well  as  Acadia 
College,  owe  their  existence  in  a  large  mea- 
sure to  his  personal  labours,  influence,  and 
untiring  exertions  both  in  parliament  and 
out.  Of  the  latter  institution  he  was  one 
of  the  first  governors,  and  continued  to  hold 
the  office  uninterruptedly,  by  repeated  re- 
elections,  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was 
several  times  elected  president  of  the  Bap- 
tist Convention  of  the  Maritime  provinces, 
who,  on  his  leaving  the  country,  marked 
their  great  appreciation  of  his  character  and 
their  sense  of  their  lasting  obligations  to 
him  by  the  unanimous  adoption  of  the  fol- 
lowing resolution  : — 

This  convention,  having  learnt  that  the  health 
of  our  esteemed  brother,  Hon.  Judge  Johnston, 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Governors  of  Acadia 
College,  has  induced  him  to  seek  a  residence  in 
Europe,  Therefore  reso've  that  we  take  this  op- 
portunity to  tender  to  him  the  tribute  which  his 
high  character,  and  long  continued  and  important 
services  in  the  cause  of  education  seem  to  demand, 
by  thus  rec  >rding  the  sense  we  entertain  of  the 
value  of  those  services,  his  devoted  and  conse- 
crated talents,  and  of  his  great  worth  as  a  man, 
as  a  Christian  gentleman,  and  especially  as  a 
Christian  legislator  and  judge,  the  influence  and 
grateful  memory  of  which  we  trust  will  not  be 
effaced  ;  and  although  at  his  advanced  age  it  may 
almost  seem  to  be  hoping  against  hope,  yet  this 
convention  would  still  trust  that  a  perfect  re- 
storation to  health  and  strength  may  yet,  in  the 


-268 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


good  providence  of  Q-od,  return  our  valued  bro- 
ther, as  well  as  his  excellent  lady,  to  their  for- 
mer position  and  relations  in  this  country. 

Hon.  Mr.  Johnston  was  twice  married.  His 
first  wife  was  Amelia  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  the  late  William  James  Almon,  surgeon, 
who  was  assistant  surgeon  to  the  Royal  Ar- 
tillery in  New  York,  in  June,  1776,  and 
Rsbecca  Byles,  granddaughter  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Byles,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts.  By 
her  he  had  three  sons,  the  eldest  of  whom 
is  now  the  judge  of  the  County  Court  for  the 
metropolitan  city  and  county  of  Halifax, 
and  three  daughters.  Of  these,  two  sons 
and  one  daughter  are  alive.  His  second 
wife  was  Louise,  widow  of  the  late  Captain 
Wentworth,  of  the  R^yal  Artillery,  by  whom 
he  had  one  daughter  and  three  sons ;  the 
daughter  and  two  sons  are  living.  Mr. 
Johnston's  physicians  advised  that  his  state 
of  health  would  not  permit  of  his  return  to 
Nova  Scotia,  and  he  determined  to  pass  the 
winter  of  1873  at  Cheltenham,  England, 
where,  on  the  21st  day  of  November,  in  that 
year,  at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty-one  years, 
and  in  the  full  possession  of  his  mental 
faculties,  he  died,  full  of  honours,  leaving 
behind  him  a  name  untarnished,  a  character 
above  reproach,  and  a  reputation  as  a  states- 
man, jurist  and  judge  worthy  of  emulation 
by  those  who  shall  hereafter  fill  the  places 
vacated  by  him. 

Mucdonald,  Charle§  John,  Post 
Office  Inspector  for  the  Province  of  Nova 
Scotia,  Halifax.  Lieut.-Colonel  Macdonald, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  is  of  Scotch  de- 
scent, his  father,  the  late  Robert  Macdonald, 
having  been  a  native  of  Dornoch,  Suther- 
landshire,  Scotland,  and  for  many  years  a 
resident  of  Halifax.  Charles  was  born  at 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  4th  April,* 
1841,  and  received  his  education  at  Dal- 
housie  College.  He  studied  law  in  the 
office  of  the  Hon.  J.  S.  D.  Thompson  (now 
minister  of  justice  at  Ottawa),  and  was 
called  to  the  bar  in  1872.  In  1878  he  pre- 
sented himself  for  parliamentary  honours, 
and  was  returned  a  member  of  the  Nova 
Scotia  legislature  as  representative  of  the 
city  and  county  of  Halifax,  and.  occupied 
the  position  of  member  of  the  Executive 
Council  in  1878  and  1879  without  portfolio. 
Lieut. -Colonel  Macdonald,  commander  of 
the  66th  battalion  Princess  Louise  Fusiliers, 
served  as  major  in  the  Halifax  Provin- 
cial battalion  during  the  North- West  rebel- 
lion, having  had  under  his  command  a  de- 
tachment of  one  hundred  and  eighty  men 
from  the  63rd  Rifles  and  Halifax  Garrison 
Artillery.  He  occupied  the  position  of  pay- 


master for  the  volunteers  from  1872  to  1878  ; 
and  has  been  an  alderman  of  the  city  of 
Halifax  ;  president  of  the  North  British 
Society  ;  deputy  grandmaster  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Freemasons  ;  grand  high  priest  of 
the  Grand  Chapter,  and  representative  of 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  Ohio.  In  1879  he  was 
appointed  to  the  office  of  inspector  of  post 
offices  for  the  province  of  Nova  Scotia,  and 
this  position  he  still  occupies.  In  politics 
he  leans  towards  Liberal-Conservatism,  and 
in  religion  he  is  a  Presbyterian.  The  col- 
onel has  been  twice  married — first  to  Mary 
Tamson,  daughter  of  William  Evans,  and 
second  to  Annie,  daughter  of  James  Mc- 
Learn. 

Berryman,  Daniel  Edgar,  M.D. 
C.M.,  and  A.R.S.  (Edin.),  is  a  native  of 
New  Brunswick,  having  been  born  in  the 
city  of  St.  John,  on  the  16th  of  August, 
1848.  His  father,  John  Berryman,  sen., 
was  born  in  1798,  in  the  parish  of  Castle 
Dowson,  Antrim  county,  Ireland,  where  his 
ancestors,  who  came  from  Devonshire,  Eng- 
land, with  the  army  of  Oliver  Cromwell, 
settled  in  the  seventeenth  century.  He  emi- 
grated to  this  country  about  the  year  1816, 
and  settled  in  St.  John,  and  died  on  the 
2nd  January,  1880.  His  wife,  the  mother 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  whom  he  mar- 
ried in  February,  1826,  was  Maria  Wade, 
grand- daughter  of  Colonel  Ansley.  Her 
father  was  a  merchant  in  St.  John,  and 
her  mother  came  as  a  child  with  her  par- 
ents, who  were  U.  E.  loyalists  when  St. 
John  was  first  settled.  The  dates  and  par- 
ticulars of  the  family  history  were  destroyed 
in  the  great  fire  of  1877.  To  this  worthy 
couple  were  born  a  family  of  thirteen  chil- 
dren, eight  sons  and  five  daughters,  and  of 
those  nine  still  survive,  and  are  filling  im- 
portant positions  in  various  parts  of  the 
world.  Daniel  E.,  who  was  the  youngest 
son,  was  educated  at  the  High  School  of 
Edinburgh,  under  Drs.  Bryce  and  Smidtz, 
and  also  at  Acadia  College,  Wolfville,  Nova 
Scotia,  where  he  attended  the  art  classes . 
In  1868  he  again  went  to  Edinburgh,  and 
entered  the  university  of  that  city  as  a  med- 
ical student,  and  during  the  curriculum  he 
took  honours  in  several  classes,  besides  re- 
ceiving a  special  honorary  diploma  from 
the  professor  of  midwifery  and  diseases  of 
children  (Simpson)  Dr.  Berryman  was 
then  appointed  house  surgeon  to  the  Royal 
Infirmary,  and  also  acted  as  private  assist- 
ant for  over  a  year  to  Sir  Robert  Christison, 
baronet,  D.C.  L.,  professor  of  materia  med- 
ica,  Sir  Robert  having  at  that  time  been 
physician  to  H.M.  the  Queen,  for  Scotland. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


269^ 


He  also  acted  as,  and  held  the  position  of, 
hospital  surgeon  and  physician,  assistant  to 
Dr.  Joseph  Bell,  surgeon  to  the  Eye  and 
Ear  Hospital,  and  was  besides  surgeon  to 
the  Edinburgh  Maternity  Hospital  for  nine 
months,  and  Hospital  for  Children,  and  held 
temporary  appointments  under  Sir  Joseph 
Lester  and  Doctors  Gillespie,  Saunders,  and 
John  H.  Bennett  ;  and  also  occupied  the 
position  of  class  assistant  to  Professor  A. 
R.  Simpson,  professor  of  midwifery  and 
diseases  of  children.  On  his  return  to  his 
native  city  he  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  has  succeeded  in  building  up  a 
lucrative  business.  In  1880  he  was  appoint- 
ed police  surgeon  for  the  city ;  in  1883  he 
was  gazetted  coroner ;  and  in  1886  he  was 
made  a  justice  of  the  peace.  Outside  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  Dr.  Berryman  has 
devoted  considerable  time  to  other  matters, 
and  we  find  him  occupying  the  position  of 
member  of  the  Canada  Medical  Society  ; 
St.  John  Medical  Society  ;  treasurer  of  the 
New  Brunswick  Medical  Society  ;  a  provin- 
cial Medical  Examiner  ;  a  member  of  the 
executive  of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention 
of  Cruelty  to  Animals  ;  the  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  St.  John  Agricultural  So- 
ciety ;  a  member  of  the  St.  John  Historical 
Society  ;  a  member  of  the  order  of  Oddfel- 
lows, and  a  member  of  the  Masonic  frater- 
nity. The  doctor  is  a  Liberal  in  politics, 
being  corresponding  secretary  of  the  St. 
John  Liberal  Society,  and  in  religious  mat- 
ters is  an  adherent  of  the  Baptist  church. 

Bell,  John  Ho  watt,  M.  A.,  Barrister, 
M.P.P.  for  the  Fourth  District  of  Prince, 
Summerside,  Prince  Edward  Island,  was 
born  at  Cape  Traverse,  Prince  Edward  Is- 
land, on  the  13th  December,  1846.  His 
father,  Walter  Bell,  emigrated  from  Dum- 
fries, Scotland,  in  1820,  and  settled  at 
Cape  Traverse.  His  mother  was  Eliza- 
beth Howatt,  daughter  of  Adam  Howatt. 
Mr.  Bell  received  his  education  at  the 
Prince  of  Wales  College,  Charlottetown, 
Prince  Edward  Island,  and  at  Albert  Uni- 
versity, Belleville,  Ontario,*  at  which  latter 
institution  he  took  the  degrees  of  B.A.  and 
M.A.  He  studied  law  as  a  profession  with 
Thomas  Ferguson,  Q  C.,  Toronto,  and  was 
called  to  the  bar  of  Ontario  in  1874.  He 
then  went  to  Ottawa,  and  in  partnership 
with  R.  A.  Bradley,  practised  his  profes- 
sion for  eight  years  in  that  city.  In  1882 
Mr.  Bell  removed  to  Emerson,  Manitoba, 
and  was  admitted  a  member  of  the  bar  of 
Manitoba,  in  1882,  and  practised  in  Emer- 
son for  two  years.  In  1884  he  went  to  Prince 
Edward  Island,  and  having  passed  the 


necessary  examination,  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  bar  of  that  island,  and  has  since 
resided  at  Summerside  successfully  engag- 
ed in  his  profession.  At  the  last  general 
election  held  in  Prince  Edward  Island 
Mr.  Bell  was  returned  to  represent  the 
fourth  electoral  district  of  Prince  in  the 
island  House  of  Assembly.  In  politics  he 
is  a  Liberal,  and  in  religion  he  belongs  to 
the  Presbyterian  church.  On  the  7th  July, 
1882,  he  was  married  to  Helen,  daughter  of 
Cornelius  Howatt,  of  Summerside,  P.  E.  I. 
Mackay,  Norman  E.,  M.D.,  C.M., 
M.R.  C.  S.,  Eng. ,  etc.,  Surgeon  Victoria 
General  Hospital,  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia, 
was  born  in  Upper  Settlement,  Baddeck, 
Victoria  county,  Cape  Breton,  in  March, 
1851.  His  father  was  Neil  Mackay,  and 
mother  Catharine  McMillan.  The  family 
were  among  the  first  settlers  in  the  district, 
and  farmed  a  considerable  portion  of  land. 
Dr.  Mackay  received  his  primary  education 
in  the  Baddeck  and  Pictou  academies,  and 
for  some  time  taught  school.  He  then  chose 
the  medical  profession,  and  in  the  winter 
of  1875-6  began  to  study  with  this  end  in 
view.  He  applied  himself  diligently  to  his 
allotted  tasks,  and  in  the  second  year  was 
chosen  prosector  for  his  class.  At  the  end 
of  his  third  year  he  was  awarded  the  prize 
for  passing  the  best  primary  examination. 
In  April,  1879,  the  Halifax  Medical  Col- 
lege conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
M.D.,  C.M.,  and  the  University  of  Halifax, 
that  of  B.M.  in  May  of  the  same  year. 
After  graduating,  he  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  with  success  at  North  Sydney, 
Cape  Breton,  and  after  residing  in  this 
place  for  a  year,  he  removed  to  Charlotte- 
town,  Prince  Edward  Island,  where  he  re- 
mained for  three  years.  In  April,  1884,  he 
was  appointed  surgeon  to  the  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island  Hospital.  In  1883-4  he  took  a 
post  graduate  course  in  the  London  (Eng- 
land) hospitals  and  medical  schools,  and  was 
admitted  a  member  of  the  Royal  College  of 
Surgeons  in  January,  1884.  He  began  to 
practice  medicine  in  Halifax,  N.S..  in  Janu- 
ary, 1885,  and  was  appointed  surgeon  to 
the  Victoria  General  Hospital  of  that  city 
in  October  of  the  same  year.  In  January, 
1886,  he  received  the  appointment  of  phy- 
sician to  the  Halifax  Dispensary ;  and  in 
October  following  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Provincial  Medical  Board.  In  politics 
Dr.  Mackay  is  a  Liberal,  and  in  religion  a 
Presbyterian.  He  was  married  on  the  9th 
July,  1884,  to  Isabella,  eldest  daughter  of 
Lemuel  Miller,  principal  of  West  Kent 
School,  Charlottetown,  P.  E.  I. 


270 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Proudfoot,  Hon.  William,  Justice 
of  the  Chancery  Division  of  High  Court  of 
Justice  of  Ontario,  Toronto,  was  born  near 
Errol,  a  village  in  Perthshire,  Scotland,  on 
the  9th  of  November,  1823.  He  is  the  son 
of  the  late  Rev.  William  Proudfoot,  who  for 
many  years  was  superintendent  of  the  Theo- 
logical Institute  of  the  United  Presbyterian 
church,  at  London,  Ontario.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Proudfoot  was  one  of  the  earliest  mission- 
aries sent  out  to  this  country  by  the  United 
Secession  Church  of  Scotland,  as  it  was 
then  called,  and  reached  Canada  with  his 
family  in  1832,  and  after  a  few  months  spent 
in  Toronto  (then  Little  York),  he  removed 
td  London,  where  he  organized  a  church,  in 
which  he  officiated  until  his  death,  in  Jan- 
uary, 1851.  This  old  secession  minister 
was  a  staunch  Reformer,  and  naturally  came 
under  suspicion,  when  almost  everybody 
who  dared  to  differ  from  the  dominant  party 
during  the  troubles  of  1837  was  suspected. 
He,  however,  boldly  met  the  aspersions  of 
his  political  enemies,  and  secured  himself 
from  molestation.  The  subject  of  our  sketch, 
the  Hon.  Vice- Chancellor  Proudfoot,  is  the 
third  son  of  this  venerable  minister,  and  he 
received  his  educational  training  under  the 
paternal  roof,  never  having  entered  a  public 
institution  of  learning.  Having  resolved  to 
adopt  law  as  a  profession,  and  having  passed 
his  preliminary  examination  before  the  Law 
Society  of  Upper  Canada,  Mr.  Proudfoot 
entered  the  office  of  Blake  &  Morrison,  bar- 
risters, Toronto,  Mr.  Blake  afterwards  be- 
coming chancellor  of  Upper  Canada,  and 
Mr.  Morrison  a  justice  of  the  Court  of  Ap- 
peal, both  now  deceased,  where  he  remained 
the  five  years  prescribed  as  the  period  of 
study  for  an  articled  clerk,  and  during  the 
Michaelmas  term  in  1849,  he  was  called  to 
the  bar  of  Upper  Canada.  He  then  entered 
into  partnership  with  the  late  Charles  Jones, 
and  practised  his  profession  with  this  gen- 
tleman in  Toronto  until  1851,  when  he  was 
appointed  the  first  chancery-master  and 
deputy-registrar  at  Hamilton.  This  ap- 
pointment was  rendered  necessary  by  the 
thorough  re-organization  of  the  Equity 
Court,  accomplished  on  the  representation 
of  chancellor  W.  H.  Blake.  After  retaining 
this  position  for  three  years,  Mr.  Proudfoot, 
preferring  to  return  to  the  active  work  of 
his  profession,  resigned  his  office,  and  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  Freeman  & 
Craigie,  under  the  style  of  Freeman,  Craigie 
&  Proudfoot,  barristers.  This  firm  stood 


at  the  head  of  the  Hamilton  bar,  and  Mr. 
Proudfoot  had  charge  of  the  equity  practice. 
In  1862,  he  left  the  firm  and  practised  with 
other  partners  until  1874,  when  he  succeeded 
Vice- Chancellor  Strong  (who  had  been  pro- 
moted to  the  Supreme  Court)  upon  the 
bench.  In  1872,  he  was  appointed  a  Queen's 
counsel  by  the  Ontario  government.  Prior 
to  his  elevation  to  the  bench,  he  was  an  active 
Reformer  in  politics;  and  he  still  remains 
true  to  the  church  of  his  fathers,  as  a  member 
of  a  Presbyterian  Church  in  Toronto.  As 
a  lawyer  and  judge,  Hon.  Mr.  Proudfoot  is 
deeply  read,  and  continues  still  to  be  a 
devoted  student  of  the  great  authorities  on 
equity.  Being  very  conversant  with  the 
Latin  and  French  languages,  he  is  well- 
grounded  in  the  Roman  and  civil  law,  and 
his  judgments  are  models  of  lucid  expres- 
sion and  technical  accuracy.  He  is,  what  is 
supposed  still  better,  thoroughly  judicial  in 
the  extent  of  his  mind,  and  has  proved  him- 
self a  distinguished  ornament  to  the  Ontario 
bench.  In  1853,  Judge  Proudfoot  married 
Miss  Thomson,  a  daughter  of  the  late  John 
Thomson,  of  Toronto,  and  by  this  lady  he 
had  a  family  of  six  children.  She  died  in 
1871.  He  married  his  second  wife  in  1875. 
She  was  Miss  Cook,  daughter  of  the  late 
Adam  Cook,  of  Hamilton,  and  she  died  in 
1878,  leaving  one  son. 

Wilkinson,  William,  of  BushviUe, 
Chatham,  New  Brunswick,  the  present 
judge  of  the  County  Courts  of  Northum- 
berland, Gloucester,  and  Restigouche,  son  of 
John  and  Catherine  Wilkinson,  both  now 
deceased,  was  born  at  Liverpool,  England, 
on  the  llth  February,  1826.  He  came  out 
to  New  Brunswick  in  1840,  arriving  at 
Chatham  on  the  llth  September,  after  a 
long  passage  of  forty-nine  days,  by  the  en- 
couragement of,  and  to  be  with  his  half- 
brother,  the  late  James  Johnson,  who  had 
arrived  in  the  country  about  six  years  before, 
and  who  had  then  lately  entered  into  busi- 
ness as  a  merchant  on  his  own  account. 
He  remained  with  his  brother  as  appren- 
tice clerk  for  two  years,  and  then  with  the 
sanction  and  good  will  of  all  friends,  he  en- 
tered the  law  office  of  the  late  Hon.  John 
M.  Johnson,  jun.,  as  a  law  student,  and 
was  entered  as  such  in  Michaelmas  term, 
1842.  In  the  same  term  of  1847,  having 
satisfactorily  passed  the  necessary  examina- 
tions as  to  his  fitness,  he  was  duly  sworn  in 
and  enrolled  as  an  attorney  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  Brunswick,  and  also  re- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


271 


ceived  his  commission  to  act  as  notary  pub- 
lic.    In   Michaelmas   term,    1849,  he    was 
duly  called  to  the  bar.     For  a  few  years 
after  his  admission  he  practised  alone,  but 
on  the   20th  December,  1852,  he  entered 
into  partnership  with  the  late  Hon.  John 
M.  Johnson,  jun.,  which  partnership  con- 
tinued up   to  the   time  of  Mr.  Johnson's 
death,  November,   1868.     During  its  con- 
tinuance they  were  engaged  in  many  very 
important  and  interesting  causes,    and  al- 
ways had   the  reputation    of   being    very 
careful,  successful,  practitioners.     The  first 
governmental  office  Mr.  Wilkinson  received 
was  that  of  surrogate  and  judge  of  Probates 
for  the  county  of  Northumberland,  which 
was  on  the  resignation  of  the  office  by  the 
late  Hon.  Thomas   H.   Peters,  on  the  8th 
July,  1851.     This  office  he  resigned  in  the 
spring  or  summer  of  1870,  with  the  view  of 
becoming  a  candidate  for  the  New  Bruns- 
wick legislature.  And  it  may  be  mentioned 
that  during  all  the  time  Mr.  Wilkinson  held 
the   office,  no   appeal  was  ever  made  from 
any  decision  or  judgment  made  by  him  in 
any  cause  before  him.  In  the  spring  or  sum- 
mer of  1852,  Mr.  Wilkinson  was  appointed 
(under   the   first   Education    Act   of   New 
Brunswick  authorising  inspectors,    passed 
in  the  previous  winter)  inspector  of  schools 
for   his     county,    Northumberland,    which 
office  he  held  for  several  years,  until,  fear- 
ing   that  the  increasing   professional   de- 
mands   on   his  time   and  attention  might 
induce  a  less  careful  and  thorough  perform- 
ance of  his  duties  as  inspector,  or  interfere 
with   professional  duties,    he   resigned  the 
office  into  the  hands  of   the  government, 
stating  these  reasons.     But  his  resignation 
was  much  to  the  regret  of  the  then  superin- 
tendent, Marshal  D'Avary,  who  was  most 
desirous  that  he  should  continue  in  office  and 
become  a  district  inspector  under  the  new 
act  then,  or  about  to  be,  passed.    On  the  8th 
November,  1870,  he  was  appointed  by  the 
commissioners  of  the  Intercolonial  Railway 
for  examining  and  reporting  upon  the  titles 
of  lands  taken  for  railway  purposes  through 
the  county  of  Northumberland,  and  later  by 
the  railway  authorities  to  perform  a  similar 
duty  in  regard  to  many  unsettled  and  disput- 
ed cases  in  the  adjoining  counties  of  Glouces 
ter  and  Bestigouche.     And  at  intervals  for 
several  years  after  his  first  appointment  as 
railway  solicitor,  he  was  appointed  one  o 
the  appraisers  with  one  or  other  of  the  pay 
masters   of  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  for 


fie  time  being,  to  appraise  and  (after  the 
reparation   and  execution  of   the   proper 
ransfer  of  title)  pay  the  land  damages  for 
ights  of  way,  water  courses,  and  conduits 
,aken   for   the   railway  purposes    through 
all  these  counties.     In  the  fall  of  1872  he 
appointed   by  the  Dominion  govern- 
ment immigrant  agent  for  Northumberland, 
on  the  resignation  by  John  G.  G.  Layton. 
This  office  he  held  for  a  few  years,  when,  on 
a  change  of  government,  a  new  policy  in  re- 
gard to  immigration  was  inaugurated.   But 
on  the  cessation  of  the  office,  courteous  and 
!ull  acknowledgment  was  made  by  the  then 
government   of  the  ability  and  zeal   with 
which  the  duties  had  been  performed.     On 
the  2nd  April,   1873,  he  was  appointed  by 
,he  Dominion  government  one  of  Her  Ma- 
jesty's Counsel  Learned  in  the  Law.  On  the 
5th  March,  1877,  he  was  appointed  surrogate 
of  the  Vice- Admiralty  Court  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, by  the  Vice- Admiralty  Court,  and  on 
the  llth  March,  188  i,  on  the  resignation 
of  Judge  Williston,  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  judge  of  the  County  Courts  of  Nor- 
thumberland, Gloucester,  and  Restigouche, 
and  on  the  next  day  was  duly  sworn  in  and 
held  his  first  county  court  at  Bathurst,  Glou- 
cester county.    On  the  12th  February,  1884, 
he  was  ex-officio  appointed  first  commissioner 
under  the  Liquor  License  Act  of  1883,  for 
the  several  license  districts  of  Northumber- 
land, Gloucester,  and  Restigouche,  and  held 
the  same  till  the  decision  of  the  Privy  Coun- 
cil   declared  the  act  ultra  vires.     On  the 
26th  October,  1885,  he  was  appointed  under 
separate  commissions  the  revising  officer  of 
the   electoral   districts   of   the   counties  of 
Northumberland   and  Restigouche  respec- 
tively, under  the  Electoral  Franchise  Act, 
passed  in  1884.    Judge  Wilkinson  is  a  mem- 
ber of-  the  Church  of  England,  adhering 
strongly  to   the   views  developed   by   the 
Oxford  movement.     For  thirty  years,  and 
without  a  break,  he  was  the  vestry  clerk  of 
the  church  corporation  in  Chatham,  where 
he  has  always  lived,  and  only  resigned  the 
office  a  few  years  ago,  because  of  his  neces- 
sary frequent  absence  from  home,  to  fill  ju- 
dicial appointments.    For  a  like  period,  with 
very  rare  exceptions,  he  has  been  a  delegate 
to  the  Diocesan  Church  Society,  and  to  the 
Diocesan  Synod  at,  and  ever  since  its  forma- 
tion,   and   on   several   occasions  has  been 
elected  by  the  Diocesan  to  the  Provincial 
Synod.     At  the  formation  of  the  Diocesan, 
he  strongly  espoused  the  right  of  concur- 


272 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


rence  of  the  bishop  in  all  acts'  of  the  synod, 
so  in  the  Provincial  he  was  with  those  who 
held  and  voted  that  the  House  of  Bishops 
should  have  a  veto  power  on  all  nomina- 
tions to  the  episcopate,  both  of  which  views, 
though  not  without  much  opposition,  ulti- 
mately carried.  On  St.  James'  day,  1850, 
he  was  married  to  Eliza  Lovibond,  only 
child  of  the  Eev.  Samuel  Bacon,  D.E.  (the 
first  rector  of  Chatham,  and  who  continued 
such  for  the  long  period  of  forty-seven  years, 
dying  at  his  post  on  the  16th  February, 
1869),  and  granddaughter  of  the  celebrated 
sculptor,  the  elder  John  Bacon,  by  whom 
he  has  had  six  children,  only  three  of  whom 
are  now  living :  namely,  Eliza  Bacon,  wife 
of  John  P.  Burchill,  M  P.P. ;  the  Kev.  Wil- 
liam James,  rector  of  Bay  du  Vin;  and 
Mary  Edith,  the  wife  of  William  K.  Butler, 
B.  E.,  professor  of  mathematics  at,  and 
vice-president  of,  King's  College,  Windsor, 
Nova  Scotia.  It  is  said  that  after  the  mar- 
riage of  the  latter,  it  was  observed  by  the 
Bishop  of  Fredericton,  the  present  metro- 
politan of  Canada,  that  he  could  say  in 
this  instance  what,  perhaps,  could  not  be 
said  by  any  other  in  Canada  of  any  one 
else,  that  it  had  been  his  great  happiness 
to  marry  the  mother  as  well  as  her  two 
daughters. 

Cargill,  Henry,  Manufacturer  of  Lum- 
ber, Cargill,  Ontario,  M.P.  for  East  Bruce, 
was  born  in  the  township  of  Nassagaweya, 
Halton  county,  on  the  13th  August,  1838. 
His  father,  David  Cargill,  and  mother,  Anne 
Cargill,  were  natives  of  the  county  of  An- 
trim, Ireland,  and  having  emigrated  to  Can- 
ada in  1824,  settled  in  the  county  of  Halton, 
Ontario,  over  sixty  years  ago.  Henry  re- 
ceived his  primary  education  at  the  schools 
in  his  native  county,  and  afterwards  took 
a  course  at  Queen's  College,  Kingston, 
He  commenced  the  lumber  business  in 
1861  ;  and  in  1878  removed  from  Nassa- 
gaweya to  Guelph,  and  in  April  of  the  fol- 
lowing year  to  Greenock  township,  east 
riding  of  Bruce  county,  where  he  still  re- 
sides. Although  the  manufacture  of  lum- 
ber has  been  Mr.  Car  gill's  chief  business, 
he  has  engaged,  to  a  limited  extent,  in  mer- 
cantile pursuits,  and  has  done  some  farm- 
ing. He  has  also  a  flour  mill  and  a  sash 
and  door  factory,  and  on  the  whole  has  suc- 
ceeded very  well  in  all  he  has  undertaken. 
He  was  for  some  time  the  postmaster  at 
Cargill ;  and  for  the  last  three  years  has  been 
the  reeve  of  the  township  of  Greenock.  Mr. 


Cargill  has  been  an  active  politician  for 
many  years;  and  in  1887,  on  presenting 
himself  for  parliamentary  honors,  was  elect- 
ed to  represent  East  Bruce  in  the  Dominion 
parliament.  In  1879  he  generously  gave  to 
the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  (now  the 
Grand  Trunk)  Kail  way  a  piece  of  land  on 
which  he  built  a  station,  and  this  was  the 
starting  of  the  village  of  Cargill,  which  is 
named  after  him.  In  politics  he  is  a  Con- 
servative; and  in  religion  he  belongs  to  the 
Presbyterian  denomination.  On  the  llth 
March,  1864,  he  was  married  to  Margaret 
Davidson,  daughter  of  William  and  Anne 
Davidson,  of  Halton,  and  has  a  family  of 
four  children. 

SteiineU,  Rev.  Canon  Walter, 
Cobourg,  Ontario,  was  born  in  Kingston, 
Ontario,  in  1821,  of  English  parents,  who 
had  emigrated,  in  1811,  to  the  West  Indies, 
and  in  1817,  at  the  close  of  the  American 
war,  passed  through  the  United  States  and 
settled  in  Kingston.  His  father  was  a  typi- 
cal Englishman,  whose  politics  were  never 
swayed  by  considerations  of  advantage  to- 
himself  ;  hence,  though  always  a  staunch 
Conservative,  he  neither  sought  nor  received 
any  government  office  or  emolument,  but 
through  a  long  life  continued  true  to  his 
principles  of  loyalty  and  integrity,  unre- 
warded. In  1837,  when  the  "  American 
sympathizers"  (as  they  were  then  called) 
aided  the  rebellion  of  Mackenzie,  he  com- 
manded a  body  of  provincial  artillery  oppo- 
site Navy  Island,  and  he  will  be  remem- 
bered by  many  still  living  as  president  of 
the  officers'  mess  of  the  militia  on  the  Cana- 
dian shore.  His  son,  the  subject  of  this- 
sketch,  a  boy  of  sixteen,  was  just  ending  a 
successful  career  at  Upper  Canada  College, 
where  he  won  many  prizes,  both  in  classics 
and  mathematics.  On  the  opening  of  King's 
College  University,  young  Stennett  was  one 
of  the  first  to  matriculate,  and  soon  proved 
that  his  early  promise  in  Upper  Canada 
College  would  not  disappoint  those  who 
expected  somewhat  from  him.  Amongst 
these  was  the  Kev.  Dr.  McCaul,  with  whom 
young  Stennett  soon  became  a  great  favo- 
rite, and  who  especially  recognized  his 
talent  for  Latin  and  English  verse.  It  was 
in  mathematics,  however,  that  his  highest 
development  showed  itself,  so  much  so  that 
the  then  professor  of  mathematics,  on  leav- 
ing for  England,  wished  young  Stennett  to 
enter  Cambridge,  in  which  English  univer- 
sity he  assured  him  of  a  high  wranglership. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


273 


While  still  pursuing  his  student  career  in 
King's  College,  the  vacancy  of  third  classical 
master  in  Upper  Canada  College  occurred, 
and  Mr.  Stennett  was  immediately  chosen 
as  one  very  fit  to  fill  it.  Hence  he  com- 
menced his'  course  as  master  in  the  institu- 
tion in  which  he  had  received  his  earliest 
classical  training.  After  a  few  years,  and 
while  still  completing  with  eclat  his  course 
at  King's  College,  and  reading  in  divinity 
under  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Beaveji  and  Profes- 
sor Hirschfelder,  he  received  his  degrees  of 
B.A.  and  M. A. ;  but  was  prevented  from  pro- 
ceeding to  B.D.  and  D.D.  by  the  abolition 
of  the  chair  of  divinity,  and  with  it  the 
power  of  King's  College  to  confer  degrees 
in  that  faculty.  Meanwhile,  by  the  lament- 
ed death  of  the  Kev.  W.  H.  Ripley,  Mr. 
Stennett  was  made  second  classical  master 
in  Upper  Canada  College,  and  afterwards, 
by  a  series  of  events  which  caused  the  re- 
tirement of  the  then  principal — the  late  F. 
W.  Barren,  M.  A. — Mr.  Stennett  was,  without 
the  least  solicitation  on  his  own  part,  pro- 
moted to  the  vacant  post,  as  one  fitted  in 
every  way,  by  his  talents,  disposition,  and 
acquirements,  adequately  to  fill  the  posi- 
tion of  principal  of  the  Eton  of  Canada.  A 
few  years  before,  in  1852,  Mr.  Stennett  had 
married  the  daughter  of  the  then  Ven. 
Archdeacon  of  York,  and,  on  returning  from 
his  marriage  tour,  was,  while  in  London, 
commissioned  to  obtain  from  Downing 
Street,  and  to  bring  out  with  him,  the 
Eoyal  Charter  of  Trinity  College,  Toronto. 
Though  always  by  his  feelings  naturally 
inclined  to  the  Church  University,  Mr.  Sten- 
nett has  never  taken  an  ad  eundem  degree 
in  Trinity  College,  but  his  name  still  con- 
tinues on  the  roll  of  what  has  ever  been  to 
him  the  rightful  representative  of  his  own 
university.  Thus  has  the  onward  tide  of 
things  not  increased  his  academic  honors. 
While  principal  of  Upper  Canada  College, 
Mr.  Stennett  had  the  honor  of  person  ally 
presenting  the  address  of  that  institution  to 
his  Eoyal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
then  on  a  visit  to  this  country.  About  the 
sixth  year  of  Mr.  Stennett's  prosperous  con- 
duct of  Upper  Canada  College,  contentions 
unhappily  arose  with  the  Senate  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto,  the  leading  spirits  of 
which  desired  alterations  in  the  classical 
scheme  of  teaching,  and  changes  in  the  mode 
of  discipline,  of  which  changes  Mr.  Stennett, 
from  his  experience,  did  not  approve.  Un- 
der the  worry  produced  by  conscientiously 
Q 


resisting  these  changes,  and  honestly  up- 
holding a  system  under  which  some  of  the 
finest  minds  in  the  country  had  had  their 
training,  Mr.  Stennett's  health  broke  down. 
His  honest  efforts  to  resist  what  he  regarded 
as  a  mongrel  and  lowering  system  brought 
on  a  serious  brain  affection,  which  demand- 
ed his  resignation  in  self-defence,  and  this 
resignation  was,  greatly  to  the  indignation 
of  Sir  Edmund  Head,  the  then  governor- 
general  (himself  a  scholar  and  a  gentle- 
man), accepted,  though  he  offered  Mr.  Sten- 
nett a  special  Royal  commission.  To  recover 
from  this  affection  of  the  brain  (the  effects 
of  which  have  never  entirely  left  him),  Mr. 
Stennett  retired  to  a  small  property  on  Lake 
Simcoe,  where,  after  an  interval  of  needful 
rest,  he  built,  and  for  some  time  conducted 
successfully,  the  private  school  known  as 
"  Beechcroft."  From  this  Mr.  Stennett  was, 
in  1866,  at  the  especial  desire  of  Bishop 
Strachan,  promoted  to  the  important  rectory 
of  Cobourg,  then  about  to  become  vacant 
by  the  election  of  its  rector  to  the  dignity 
of  coadjutor  bishop  of  Niagara.  For  now 
over  twenty  years  Mr.  Stennett  has  ably 
and  successfuly  conducted  the  affairs  of  the 
parish  of  Cobourg;  but  for  some  time  a  re- 
turn of  some  of  the  symptoms  which  caused 
his  retirement  from  Upper  Canada  College, 
has  prevented  him  from  actively  discharg- 
ing parish  duties,  which  he  has  been  obliged 
largely  to  delegate  to  his  assistant,  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Roy.  It  must  not  be  supposed,  however, 
that  Mr.  Stennett,  while  principally  engag- 
ed in  teaching,  neglected  the  higher  duties 
of  a  Christian  clergyman.  Called  to  the  dia- 
conate  in  1847,  and  to  the  priesthood  in 
the  year  following,  he  was  immediately 
appointed  assistant  minister  in  the  church 
of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Toronto,  the  congrega- 
tion of  which  church  he  worked  hard  in 
building  up,  and  for  five  years  he  served 
that  congregation  without  fee  or  reward. 
He  was  afterwards  chiefly  instrumental  in 
building,  and  in  collecting  the  congregation 
for,  the  church  at  Carlton,  near  Toronto.  He 
served  for  long  periods,  in  the  absence  of 
their  own  clergy,  the  church  at  Norway,  and 
the  three  churches  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Darling, 
in  the  township  of  Scarboro',  all  this  with- 
out compensation  of  any  kind.  Finally,  on 
his  retirement  to  Lake  Simcoe,  he  built,  and 
served  gratuitously  for  several  years,  the 
beautiful  little  stone  church  of  Christ's 
Church,  Keswick.  In  fact,  until  he  was  in- 
ducted into  the  rectory  of  Cobourg,  Mr. 


274 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Stennett  had  never  received  a  penny  in  the 
way  of  stipend.  To  the  efficient  manner  in 
which  the  affairs  of  his  parish  in  Cobourg 
have  been  managed,  the  records  of  the 
church  can  testify.  Large  returns  have  been 
regularly  made  for  all  the  purposes  for  which 
the  synod  required  collections.  A  beauti- 
ful chancel  has  been  added  to  St.  Peter's 
Church  ;  one  of  the  best  organs  in  the  dio- 
cese has  been  placed  therein,  and  many 
Dther  improvements  are  in  course  of  being 
made.  Canon  Stennett  having  had  the 
great  misfortune  to  lose  his  estimable  wife 
by  a  lingering  illness,  was,  early  in  1882, 
married  by  the  Bishop  of  Toronto  to  Julia 
Veronica,  daughter  of  the  late  Norman 
Bethune,  of  Montreal,  and  niece  of  the  late 
Dean  Bethune,  of  Christ's  Church  Cathe- 
dral in  that  city.  Her  tact,  energy  and 
ability  have  been  prominently  shown  in 
those  parts  of  parochial  work  which  need 
the  skilled  guidance  of  an  accomplished 
lady.  This  slight  sketch  would  be  left  im- 
perfect, did  we  fail  to  mention  that  Canon 
Stennett' s  labors  were  not  confined  altoge- 
ther to  the  routine  duties  of  his  own  parish, 
but  that  under  three  successive  bishops  his 
scholarly  and  theological  attainments  were 
utilized  to  the  benefit  of  the  diocese  at  large, 
in  his  conducting,  periodically,  the  examina- 
tions for  holy  orders,  until  the  brain  malady, 
from  which  he  still  suffers,  obliged  him  to 
resign  this  portion  of  his  duties  into  the 
hands  of  his  bishop. 

Belanger,  Kev.  Fran£oi§  Hotiorc, 
Cur^  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Roch,  Quebec, 
was  born  at  Montreal  on  the  26th  April, 
1850.  He  is  the  son  of  Frangois  Belanger, 
who  was  manager  of  the  Queen's  printer's 
establishment  during  many  years,  and  El- 
mire  Chalut,  a  member  of  a  family  having 
numerous  representatives  in  all  parts  of  the 
province  of  Quebec.  Mr.  Belanger,  sen., 
died  in  September,  1857,  and  Mrs.  Belan- 
ger,  in  September,  1859.  Having  com- 
pleted a  course  of  classical  and  theological 
studies  at  the  Seminary  of  Quebec,  he  de- 
termined to  enter  holy  orders.  He  was  or- 
dained priest  on  the  28th  of  May,  1876,  and 
was  appointed  vicar  at  the  Basilica,  Quebec 
city,  on  29th  of  May  of  the  same  year,  a 
position  he  held  for  nine  years  and  a  hah6. 
On  the  4th  of  October,  1885,  he  was  given 
the  charge  of  the  important  parish  of  St. 
Koch,  succeeding  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gosselin,  and 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Charest,  whose  memory  will 
forever  survive,  chiefly  in  connection  with 


the  signal  services  he  rendered  his  flock  on 
the  occasions  of  the  disastrous  conflagra- 
tions Quebec  has  so  often  been  visited  withr 
and  also  of  the  riots,  when  his  presence  and 
his  voice  quelled  the  most  turbulent  as  by 
magic.  Rev.  Mr.  Belanger  has  built  the 
St.  Roch's  School,  probably  the  finest  build- 
ing held  by  the  Christian  Brothers  in  the 
Dominion.  This  school  is  the  property  of 
the  parish  of  St  Roch. 

Joseph,  Abraham.— The  late  Abra- 
ham Joseph,  Merchant,  of  Quebec,  was  born 
on  the  .14th  of  November,  1815,  at  Berthier, 
near  Montreal.  He  was  the  son  of  Henry 
Joseph  and  Rachel  Solomon.  After  the 
death  of  his  father,  who  succumbed  to  the 
cholera  plague  of  1832,  he  removed  to  Que- 
bec, where  he  continued  to  reside  up  to  his 
death,  which  occurred  on  the  20th  of  March. 
1 886.  The  other  branches  of  the  f amily  have 
all  settled  in  Montreal.  Mr.  Joseph  mar- 
ried in  1846  Sophia  David,  daughter  of 
Samuel  David  and  Sarah  Hart,  of  Mon- 
treal, and  she  died  in  1866,  leaving  a  family 
of  eleven  children,  four  sons  and  seven 
daughters.  Of  these  all  but  one  have 
survived  their  father.  Mr.  Joseph  was  a 
successful  man  of  business  throughout  his 
long  career;  his  name  was  identified  with 
almost  every  commercial  enterprise  of  his 
time,  and  in  most  instances  appeared  among 
their  active  directors.  As  president  of  the 
Quebec  Board  of  Trade,  he  appeared  for 
several  years  at  the  head  of  the  business 
community,  and  in  his  turn  presided  over 
the  then  flourishing  Dominion  Board  of 
Trade.  He  was  one  of  the  original  directors 
of  the  Banque  Nationale,  where  was  seen 
the  unusual  spectacle  of  eight  men,  all  mid- 
dle-aged or  more,  sitting  at  the  same  board 
for  over  eleven  years  without  change.  The 
first  break  in  the  board  (since,  however, 
much  changed),  was  made  when  Mr.  Joseph 
resigned  his  position,  to  take  the  presidency 
of  the  Stadacona  Bank,  then  being  estab- 
lished. This  institution  had  a  fairly  suc- 
cessful career,  but  after  passing  through 
the  greater  part  of  a  period  of  commercial 
depression,  was  put  into  liquidation  by  a 
vote  of  the  shareholders.  The  president 
himself  never  lost  faith  in  the  institution, 
and  his  assertions  of  its  complete  soundness 
were  amply  proved  by  the  fact,  that  in  spite 
of  the  losses  and  expenses  incidental  to 
liquidation,  the  shareholders  received  back 
the  whole  of  their  capital.  Mr.  Joseph's 
public  services,  however,  were  not  confined 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


275 


strictly  to  commercial  life.  Proud  of  his 
English  descent,  he  was  a  life  member  of 
the  St. George's  Society,  and  more  than  once 
its  president.  He  sat  in  the  city  council, 
and  once  stood  for  the  mayoralty,  being 
only  defeated  by  a  small  and  very  question- 
able majority.  He  took  a  lively  interest, 
but  no  prominent  part,  in  politics.  He 
served  in  the  Quebec  light  infantry,  during 
the  rebellion  of  1837-8,  and  in  time  attained 
the  rank  of  major  in  the  militia.  He  held 
the  position  of  vice-consul  for  Belgium  for 
over  thirty  years.  A  Jew  by  birth  and  con- 
viction, he  brought  up  his  large  family,  with 
the  assistance  of  his  revered  wife,  as  long  as 
she  lived,  in  all  the  teachings  of  their  reli- 
gion, both  ceremonial  and  moral — a  task 
of  no  slight  difficulty  in  the  absence  of 
anything  like  an  organized  community. 
Though  truly  religious,  however,  he  was  as 
far  removed  as  possible  from  any  taint  of 
bigotry,  and  his  integrity,  kind-heartedness 
and  intelligent  sympathy,  made  him  the 
friend  alike  of  Catholic  and  Protestant,  rich 
and  poor,  English  and  French.  It  is  doubt- 
ful, indeed,  whether  in  his  long  career  he 
made  any  enemies.  It  is  very  characteristic 
of  the  man's  liberal  views,  that  of  the  only 
two  public  legacies  left  by  his  will,  one  was 
for  a  Christian  object,  the  other  for  a  Jewish. 
His  habits  were  thoroughly  domestic  and 
sociable,  and  his  residence,  Kincardine  Place, 
was  long  known  as  one  of  the  most  hospit- 
able residences  in  Quebec  city.  He  was 
never  happier  than  when  surrounded  by  the 
young  friends  of  the  family,  or  by  his  grand- 
children, eight  of  whom  he  lived  to  see. 

Pclleiier,  Hon.  Hoiiore  Cyrias, 
Puisne  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the 
province  of  Quebec,  with  place  of  residence 
at  Bimouski,  was  born  at  Cacouna,  in  the 
county  of  Kamouraska,  on  the  28th  No- 
vember, 1840,  from  the  marriage  of  Frangois 
Pelletier,  farmer,  and  Frangoise  Caron,  who 
lived  in  Cacouna,  and  removed  later  on  to 
St.  Arsene,  county  of  Temiscouata.  Justice 
Pelletier  was  educated  at  the  Seminary  of 
Quebec,  and  graduated  bachelier-es-lettres 
et  es-sciences  at  Laval  University,  where  he 
also  followed  the  law  course  for  three  years. 
He  then  entered  the  law  office  of  L.  G. 
Baillairge,  in  Quebec,  and  was  called  to  the 
bar  of  the  province  on  the  8th  of  October, 
1866.  He  practised  his  profession  in  Que- 
bec, forming  partnerships  successively  with 
A.  Benoit,  H.  J.  J.  Duchesnay,  and  J.  E. 
Bedard.  In  1879  he  was  made  a  Queen's 


counsel;  and  was  elevated  to  the  bench  on 
the  12th  of  April,  1886,  on  the  death  of  the 
late  Judge  Mousseau.  Judge  Pelletier  was 
married  twice,  the  first  time  to  Tharsile 
Gourdeau,  a  daughter  of  F.  Gourdeau,  who 
was  harbor  master  of  Quebec,  in  1869 ;  and 
the  second  time  to  Celina  Moraud,  a  daugh- 
ter of  J.  B.  Moraud,  N.P.,  of  Lotbiniere,  in 
1877. 

Fizct,  Louis  Joseph  Cyprirn. — 
This  well  known  French  Canadian  poet  was 
born  in  Quebec,  on  the  3rd  October,  1825. 
His  mother  was  Mary  Powers,  of  London, 
England,  daughter  of  an  officer  of  the  Royal 
navy ;  and  his  father  the  Hon.  Louis  Fize"t, — 
descended  from  an  old  French  family  which 
left  Dieppe,  in  Normandy,  in  1656,  and 
settled  in  Canada, — held  several  important 
official  positions,  including  that  of  district 
judge  for  the  district  of  Gaspe,  and  took  an 
active  and  influential  part  in  the  political 
events  that  occurred  in  the  district  of  Que- 
bec anterio?  to  the  year  1840.  He  died  in 
January,  1867.  At  a  meeting  of  the  bar  of 
Lower  Canada,  held  in  the  city  of  Quebec, 
on  the  8th  of  that  month,  Hon.  Charles 
Alleyn  being  in  the  chair,  the  following 
resolution,  amongst  others,  was  unanimous- 
ly adopted:  "Proposed  by  the  Hon.  J.  N. 
Boss£,  seconded  by  Charles  J.  Holt,  Esq., 
Q.C.,  and  resolved,  that  this  section  of  the 
bar  believes  it  to  be  its  duty  to  render  hom- 
age publicly  to  the  memory  of  the  deeply 
lamented  Hon.  Louis  Fizet,  to  his  virtues 
as  a  citizen,  upright  and  honorable,  who 
has  given  universal  satisfaction  in  the  ful- 
filment of  the  duties  of  the  various  public 
offices  which  he  has  filled,  and  who  has  de- 
served from  all  the  highest  testimonials  of 
esteem  in  his  public  and  private  life  by  his 
constant  affability,  courtesy,  and  kindness 
of  heart."  Louis  Joseph  C.  Fiz^t,  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch,  received  his  education  at 
the  private  school  of  the  celebrated  Doctor 
Wilkie,  and  subsequently  at  the  Seminary 
of  Quebec,  where  he  had  for  professors, 
among  others,  the  Rev.  Alexandre  Tasche- 
reau,  who  is  now  his  Eminence  Cardinal 
Taschereau;  the  Rev.  Jean  Langevin,  now 
his  Grace  the  Bishop  of  Rimouski ;  and  the 
Rev.  M.  Bouchy,  a  distinguished  French 
professor  of  rhetoric.  At  this  latter  insti- 
tution he  exhibited  a  more  than  ordinary 
aptitude  and  taste  for  literature,  which 
evinced  at  this  early  period,  that  he  was 
likely  to  shine  as  a  literary  man  of  ability 
later  on,  and  which  expectation  has  since 


276 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


been  fully  justified.  As  an  instance  of  his 
early  taste  for  literature,  at  the  age  of  twelve 
years  he  wrote  a  story  entitled  "Vincent,  le 
Naufrage,"  the  fruit  of  his  young  imagina- 
tion, though  distantly  connected  with  Rob- 
inson Crusoe.  When  the  manuscript  was 
concluded,  he  would  not  be  satisfied  until 
he  had  illustrated  it  with  colored  designs, 
showing  his  hero  in  various  adventures, 
and  then  bound  it  with  his  own  hands. 
This  early  effort,  though  far  from  being  a 
masterpiece,  showed  the  bent  of  his  mind  at 
that  early  age.  Mr  Fizet  has  travelled 
through  Europe,  and  is  well  acquainted 
with  all  its  more  important  cities,  hence  his 
natural  talents  have  had  the  advantage  of 
development  through  observation  of  the 
habits  and  customs  of  peoples  of  many  dif- 
ferent nationalities.  While  hi  Dieppe,  in 
Normandy,  France,  he  called  on  the  mayor 
of  that  city,  who  courteously  gave  him  an 
opportunity  of  consulting  its  archives.  He 
there  found  the  certificate  of  birth  of  the 
founder  of  his  family  in  Canada,  to  whom 
he  had  traced  his  origin  by  means  of  certain 
documents  and  the  registers  of  births  de- 
posited in  the  archives  of  Quebec.  The 
certificate  of  birth  of  his  ancestor,  found  at 
Dieppe,  is  in  the  following  terms:  "  Le  31 
aout,  1635,  est  ne  dans  cette  ville  Abraham, 
fils  d' Abraham  Fizet  et  de  Catherine  de  la 
Brecque,  nomme  par  Jacques  de  la  Brecque 
et  Catherine  de  Caux,  lesquels  ont  signe." 
This  certificate  satisfied  him  that  his  family 
name  ought  to  be  spelled  thus:  "Fizet," 
and  not  Fiset.  He  studied  law  under  the 
Hon.  Ed.  Bacquet,  who  was  later  appointed 
one  of  the  justices  of  the  Superior  Court, 
and  the  Hon.  Charles  Alley n,  Q.C.,  and  at 
one  time  provincial  secretary  of  the  united 
provinces  of  Upper  and  Lower  Canada,  and 
was  duly  admitted  to  the  bar  on  the  24th 
of  November,  1848.  In  1849,  like  many 
of  the  young  men  of  that  time,  he  took  an 
interest  in  politics,  and  was  an  ardent 
admirer  of  the  late  Sir  L.  H.  Lafontaine, 
then  at  the  head  of  the  Lafontaine-Baldwin 
administration.  On  the  day  following  the 
burning  of  the  parliamentary  buildings  at 
Montreal,  by  an  infuriated  mob,  he  took 
passage  for  that  city,  then  in  the  greatest 
agitation,  and  with  many  others,  offered 
his  services  to  the  government  to  assist 
in  the  maintenance  of  order  ;  but  Lord 
Elgin,  at  that  time  governor-general  of 
Canada,  being  averse  to  the  arming  of 
the  citizens,  his  offer  was  not  accepted. 


On  that  memorable  occasion  he  wrote  the 
following  extemporaneous  song  which  has 
remained  in  the  possession  of  one  of  his 
then  youthful  friends,  and  which  indicates 
the  excitement  prevailing  at  that  period: 

I. 

Voyez  venir  la  horde  meurtriere  .  .  . 
Voyez  venir  les  bourreaux  de  trente-huit ! 
Us  ont  lance  la  torche  incendiaire 
Contre  nos  toits  dans  Fombre  de  la  nuit ! 

CH<EUR. 

Serrons  nos  rangs,  luttons  centre  Porage  .  .  . 
Soyons  unis,  vaillants  comme  autrefois  ! 
Courons,  courons  arracher  a  Poutrage 
Nos  saints  autels,  notre  langue  et  nos  lois  !  " 

II. 

O  Liberte  qu'insulte  leur  audace  ! 
C'est  en  ton  nom  qu'on  veut  nous  egorger  !  .  .  . 
Fille  du  ciel,  protege  notre  race  .  .  . 
Accorde-nous  Phonneur  de  te  venger  ! 
Serrons  nos  rangs,  etc.,  etc. 

III. 

Vaincre  ou  mourir !  f ut  le  grand  cri  de  guerre 
Que  nos  a'ieux  ont  cent  fois  repete  .  .  . 
Vaincre  ou  mourir  !  .  . .  Au  sein  de  1'Angleterre 
Qu'il  retentisse  !  .  .  .  il  sera  respecte  ! 
Serrons  nos  rangs,  etc.,  etc." 

Later  on,  when  the  war  feeling  was  at  its 
height  in  Canada,  and  when  hostilities  were 
expected  to  break  out  between  England  and 
the  United  States  on  account  of  the  Trent 
affair,  he  contributed  to  form  a  drill  asso- 
ciation, for  the  purpose  of  raising  volunteer 
regiments,  to  assist  the  regulars  in  defend- 
ing the  country.  One  of  the  associations 
was  called  "Les  Chasseurs  de  Quebec,"  and 
he  wrote  for  them  the  following  song,  so  far 
inedited  :  * 

LE  CHANT  DBS  CHASSEURS. 

I. 

Enteudez-vous  ces  cris  de  rage  ? 
L'aigle  du  nord,  vainqueur  la-bas, 
Vient  assouvir  sur  ce  rivage 
La  mort  qui  le  pousse  aux  combats  ! 
Marchons  !  sa  haine  hereditaire 
l^ous  vaudra  de  nouveaux  lauriers  .  .  . 
Pour  nos  autels,  pour  nos  foyers 
Soyons  un  peuple  militaire  ! 

CH(EUR. 

Ce  bruit  sourd  qu'apporte  le  vent, 
C'est  la  voix  du  canon  qui  tonne  !  .  .  . 
A  la  baionnette  .  .  en  avant ! 
Pressons  le  pas  ;  la  charge  sonne  ! 
Pour  chasser  les  envahisseurs 
Soyons  chasseurs  !     Soyons  chasseurs  ! 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


277 


II. 

Dans  la  paix  vous  trouviez  des  charmes, 
0  vous,  qui  revez  le  bonheur  ! 
Mais,  Di«u  le  veut !  1'appel  aux  armes 
Nous  guide  au  sentier  de  1'honneur  .  .  . 
Amis,  nous  sommes  de  ces  races 
Que  la  peur  ne  fletrit  jaimis  ! 
Anglo-Saxons,  Normands  Frangaii?, 
De  nos  aieux  suivons  les  traces  ! 

CHCEUR. 
Ce  bruit  sourd,  etc.,  etc. 

III. 

Gloire  a  toi,  jeunesse  intrepide, 
A  toi  le  poste  du  danger  ; 
Deja  ton  cceur  bat,  plus  rapide, 
Du  noble  espoir  de  nous  venger  ! 
La  paix  enervait  ton  courage  .  .  . 
Meprisant  un  lache  repps, 
Tu  1'as  corapris,  les  vrais  heros, 
Eclairs,  jailiissent  de  1'orage  ! 

CHCEUR. 
Ce  bruit  sourd,  etc. ,  etc. 

IV. 

L'Atnericain  ne  fera  guere 
Dans  nos  hameaux  un  long  sejour  ; 
Nos  peres  1'ont  vaincu  naguere 
Leurs  enfants  le  battront  un  jour  ! 
Fils  d' Albion,  fils  de  la  France, 
On  veut  en  vain  vous  asservir  ! 
Soyons  soldats  !  plut&t  mourir 
Que  de  perdre  1'ind^pendance  ! 

CHCEUR. 
Ce  bruit  sourd,  etc.,  etc." 

Some  time  after,  he  was  appointed  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  reserve  militia.  His  intention 
had  been  to  devote  his  life  to  politics,  and 
the  pratice  of  his  profession,  having  adhered 
for  some  time  in  politics,  to  the  views  of  the 
late  Hon.  Joseph  Cauchon,  subsequently 
lieutenant-governor  of  Manitoba  ;  but  in 
1861,  he  was  offered,  by  the  administration 
of  Sir  George  Cartier,  and  accepted  the  office 
of  joint  prothonotary  of  the  Superior  Court, 
and  still  retains  the  position.  Having  exhi- 
bited such  a  taste  for  literature  in  his  early 
youth,  it  is  not  surprising  to  find  him  with 
a  strong  tendency  to  poetry,  which  was  de- 
veloped so  far  that  he  is  familiarly  known 
as  one  of  the  poets  of  Lower  Canada,  for 
he  has  written  some  of  the  most  graceful 
poems  and  lyrics  published  in  this  country. 
Upon  the  occasion  of  the  visit  of  his  Royal 
Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales  to  Canada  in 
1860,  M.  Fizdt  was  invited  by  Sir  Hector 
Langevin,  at  that  time  mayor  of  Quebec,  to 
compose  the  ode  of  welcome  for  that  city  to 
the  young  prince,  which  was  much  admired, 


and  for  which  he  was  complimented  and  re- 
ceived the  thanks  of  our  good  Queen's  son. 
Mr.  Fizc4t  was  jointly  with  the  Hon.  M.  A. 
Plamondon,  the  founder  of  the  Canadian 
Institute  of  Quebec  ("I'lnstitut  Canadien 
de  Quebec  "  )  of  which  he  afterwards  became 
president,  and  for  several  terms  subse- 
quently held,  and  still  holds,  the  office  of 
honorary  president.  In  1856,  while  hold- 
ing this  office,  he  offered  thirty  pounds 
for  the  best  essay  on  the  subject :  "  Quels 
seraient  les  moyens  a  adopter  pour  cre"er 
en  Canada  une  literature  nationale."  In 
1878,  he  also  put  up  to  competition  a 
prize  of  twenty-five  pounds,  to  be  ad- 
judged by  the  said  institute  for  the  best 
essay  on  the  following  subject:  "  Eloge  de 
T  agriculture  ;  de  1'c^tat  de  T  agriculture 
dans  la  province  de  Quebec  ;  des  moyens  a 
prendre  pour  en  activer  le  progres."  Hon. 
Senator  Fabre,  at  present  Canadian  agent 
in  Paris,  France,  in  a  public  lecture  delivered 
in  Quebec,  said,  regarding  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  Mr.  L.  G.  C.  Fize"t,  "  Imagina- 
tion charmante,  au  vol  gracieux  ;  poete  dd- 
licat,  au  vers  elegant."  Most  of  his  pub- 
lished poems  have  appeared  in  La  Ruche 
Litteraire,  Les  Soirees  Canadiennes,  La 
Litterature  Canadienne,  Le  Foyer  Cana- 
dien, Le  journal  de  V Education,  and  some 
of  the  leading  French  journals.  The  fol- 
lowing extracts  from  "  L'Histoire  de  la  Lit- 
terature Canadienne,"  by  Lareau,  of  Mon- 
treal, may  possibly  tend  to  show  the  high 
repute  in  which  M.  Fizet  is  held  in  that 
city.  "  In  1867,  Mr.  Fizet  obtained  the  sil- 
ver medal,  at  a  poetical  competition,  opened 
to  all  comers,  by  the  Laval  University,  on 
the  following  subject,  viz.,  "  The  Discovery 
of  Canada."  The  competitors  were  numer- 
ous, and  the  report  of  the  jury,  speaking  of 
his  poem,  read  as  follows  ;  u  A  happy  va- 
riety of  rhythm,  adapted  with  great  art  to 
the  different  parts  of  the  subject,  a  great 
elevation  of  style  and  ideas,  life  and  bril- 
liancy, real  lyrical  inspiration  which  sus- 
tains itself  nearly  from  one  end  of  the  poem 
to  the  other.  The  first  two  chants  have 
merited  a  very  particular  mention  for  their 
loftiness  of  ideas,  and  the  sustained  beauty 
of  the  versification."  In  1873,  M.  Fizet 
was  preparing  a  complete  edition  of  his 
poems  and  lyrics,  most  of  which  were  un- 
published when  his  manuscripts  were  burnt 
and  lost  in  the  Court  house  of  Quebec, 
which  was  destroyed  by  fire  on  the  1st  of 
February,  of  that  year.  Ever  since,  his 


278 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


numerous  official  and  other  occcupations 
have  prevented  him  from  devoting  any  of 
his  time  to  the  restoration  of  his  lost  manu- 
scripts, and  the  further  culture  of  literature, 
but  with  the  high  commendation  he  has  so 
deservedly  received,  emanating  from  the 
source  it  does,  it  may  well  be  remarked,  that 
Quebec,  with  honest  pride,  gratulates  itself 
that  she  possesses  such  a  poet  and  scholar 
hi  one  of  hej;  sons,  as  we  find  the  subject  of 
our  sketch,  who  in  various  situations,  some 
of  them  very  trying,  as  we  are  told,  has 
always  shown  a  kindly  disposition,  a  high 
sense  of  honor,  a  remarkable  combination  of 
powers,  great  sagacity,  integrity  of  motive, 
energy  of  character  and  undaunted  will- 
power as  testified  by  general  report.  His 
motto  is,  "  Fais  ce  que  dois,  advienne  que 
pourra." 

Ki  Is  our,  Robert,  Paper  Bag  Manu- 
facturer, Toronto,  was  born  at  Beauhar- 
nois,  province  of  Quebec,  on  the  29th  April, 
1847.  His  father,  William  Kilgour,  was  a 
native  of  Edinburgh;  and  his  mother,  Ann 
Wilson,  a  native  of  Loch  Winnoch,  in  Scot- 
land. Both  came  to  Canada  while  young, 
and  after  marrying  settled  in  Beauharnois, 
where  Mr.  Kilgour  carried  on  the  carpenter 
and  building  trade.  Robert  received  his 
education  at  the  public  school  of  his  native 
town,  and  when  a  lad  entered  the  office  of 
Messrs.  Molson,  of  Montreal,  where  he  re- 
mained for  some  time.  He  then  came  to 
Toronto,  and  became  book-keeper  for  Liv- 
ingston, Johnson  and  Co.,  wholesale  cloth- 
iers, and  here  remained  until  1870.  He 
then  returned  to  Montreal,  and  went  into 
the  paper  bag  business  in  partnership  with 
J.  C  Wilson,  and  on  the  expiration  of  this 
partnership,  in  1874,  returned  to  Toronto 
and  established,  with  his  brother,  Joseph 
Kilgour,  the  business  of  Kilgour  Brothers, 
paper  bag  manufacturers,  who  are  now  car- 
rying on  the  largest  business  of  its  kind  in 
Canada.  Mr.  Kilgour  is  a  very  active  citi- 
zen, and  takes  part  in  everything  tending 
to  elevate  the  race.  For  a  number  of  years 
he  has  been  treasurer  for  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association,  and  is  also  connected 
with  several  other  benevolent  institutions. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Keformer;  and  in  reli- 
gion a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
On  the  15th  July,  1886,  he  was  married  to 
Clara,  daughter  of  the  late  William  Govan, 
manufacturer,  who  for  a  number  of  years 
was  one  of  Glasgow's  (Scotland)  greatly 
respected  magistrates. 


Ca§graiii,    Thomas    Chaso,    Q.  C., 

LL.D.,  M.P.P.,  Advocate  and  Professor  of 
Criminal  Law  at  Laval  University,  Quebec, 
was  born  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  on  the  28th 
of  July,  1852.  He  is  descendant  from  on« 
of  the  oldest  French  families  in  Canada. 
His  paternal  ancestors  belonged  to  an  an- 
cient family  at  Ervault,  in  Poitou,  France. 
The  first  who  came  to  Canada  was  Jean 
Baptiste  Casgrain,  an  officer  in  the  French 
army,  who  landed  about  1750.  His  son, 
Pierre,  was  lord  of  the  Seigniories  of  Riviere 
Ouelle  and  L'Islet.  Maternally  he  is  de- 
scended from  Jacques  Babie,  an  officer  of 
the  Eegiment  of  Carignan-Saliferes,  who 
landed  in  Quebec  in  1665,  and  whose  de- 
scendants of  that  name  have  occupied  high 
and  responsible  positions  in  the  country. 
His  grandfather  was  the  late  Hon.  Charles 
Eusebe  Casgrain,  lieutenant-colonel,  unat- 
tached, who  sat  for  Cornwallis  in  the  Lower 
Canada  Assembly  from  1830  to  1834,  was  a 
member  of  the  Special  Council  of  Lower 
Canada  from  1838  to  1840,  and  at  his  death 
held  the  office  of  assistant  commissioner  of 
Public  Works  of  Canada.  His  father,  the 
Hon.  Charles  Eugene  Casgrain,  C.M.,  M.D., 
is  one  of  the  senators  of  the  Dominion.  He 
was  educated  in  Quebec,  and  studied  medi- 
cine in  McGill  College,  Montreal.  He  be- 
gan the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Detroit, 
U.S.,  in  1851,  but  removed  to  Sandwich  in 
1856,  and  now  resides  at  Windsor.  He  has 
held  various  prominent  positions  in  his 
country ;  and  was  created  a  knight  of  the 
order  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  in  1884.  He 
was  called  to  the  Senate  in  1887.  His 
mother  is  Charlotte  Mary  Chase,  a  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Thomas  Chase,  of  Detroit, 
Michigan,  and  Catherine  Caroline  Adelaide 
Bailli  de  Messein,  of  Quebec.  Thomas,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  is  the  eldest  son  of 
this  union.  He  was  educated  in  classics  at 
the  Quebec  Seminary,  in  Quebec,  where  he 
graduated  with  high  honors  in  1872,  hav- 
ing stood  at  the  head  of  his  class  for  five 
years.  In  mathematics,  sciences,  moral 
philosophy,  at  Laval  University,  Quebec, 
and  law,  also  at  Laval,  where  he  graduated 
a  master-in-law  (licencie  en  droit),  summa 
cum  laude  in  June,  1877,  carrying  off  the 
Dufferin  medal  for  that  year.  He  was 
called  to  the  bar  in  August,  1877,  and  set- 
tled in  Quebec,  where  he  began  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  partnership  with  Col.  Guil- 
laume  Amyot,  M.P.,  whom  he  left  in  1881 
to  join  the  extensive  law  firm  of  Lr.nglois, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


279 


Lame,  Angers  &  Casgrain.  Mr.  Langlois 
having  died,  and  Mr.  Larue  having  been 
appointed  a  judge  of  the  Superior  Court, 
Mr.  Casgrain,  in  1887,  on  his  appointment 
as  a  Queen's  counsel,  became  the  senior 
partner  of  the  firm  of  Casgrain,  Angers  & 
Hamel,  which  has  one  of  the  most  extensive 
practices  in  the  district  of  Quebec.  He 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Law  Fa- 
culty of  Laval  University  in  October,  1878, 
and  its  secretary  in  November  of  the  same 
year.  He  was  also  appointed  professor  of 
Criminal  Law  in  the  same  institution,  and 
granted  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Civil  Law 
in  October,  1883.  He  represented  the 
Crown  in  Quebec  with  the  late  Judge  Al- 
leyn,  at  two  terms  of  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench,  criminal  side,  in  1882,  and  was  de- 
prived of  the  office  by  Attorney-General 
Loranger,  because  his  views  did  not  agree 
with  those  of  the  government  on  the  sale  of 
the  North  Shore  Eailway  to  Mr.  Senecal. 
He  was  junior  counsel  for  the  Crown  at  the 
trial  of  Louis  Kiel  and  other  rebel  leaders, 
at  Eegina,  in  July  and  August,  1885.  Mr. 
Casgrain  was  chairman  in  1879  and  1880 
of  the  Cartier  Club,  a  political  organiza- 
tion ;  and  is  now  one  of  the  directors  of 
the  Conservative  Club  of  Quebec.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly of  the  province  of  Quebec  in  October, 
1886,  by  196  of  a  majority,  after  a  severe 
contest  in  which  the  Kiel  cry  was  worked  to 
its  utmost.  His  opponent  was  the  Hon. 
Pierre  Garneau,  the  leader  of  the  Parti  Na- 
tional. He  is  a  strong  Conservative.  He 
was  offered  the  position  of  stipendiary  mag- 
istrate for  Alberta,  when  it  became  necessary 
to  appoint  a  French  magistrate,  but  he  de- 
clined the  honor.  Mr.  Casgraiu  is  a  nephew 
of  the  Abbe  H.  K.  Casgrain,  a  celebrated 
French  Canadian  writer,  and  of  P.  B.  Cas- 
grain, Q.C.,  member  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons for  1'Islet.  He  married,  in  Quebec, 
•on  the  15th  May,  1878,  Marie  Louise,  eld- 
est daughter  of  the  late  Alex.  LeMoine. 

McDonald,  Alexander  Roderick, 
Kiver  du  Loup  (en  bas),  province  of  Quebec, 
Superintendent  of  the  Quebec  and  St.  Flavie 
District  of  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  and 
President  of  the  Temiscouata  Eailway  Com- 
pany, Eiver  du  Loup  (en  bas},  Quebec,  was 
born  on  the  9th  of  August,  1846,  at  Mon- 
treal. His  parents  were  James  Eonald  Mc- 
Donald, and  Adele  Quevillon.  He  was 
educated  at  St.  Hyacinthe  College,  and  went 
through  the  classical  course.  Mr.  McDon- 


ald entered  the  railway  service,  April,  1864, 
as  station  master  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Eail- 
way, from  which  position  he  retired  in  Oc- 
tober, 1871,  to  enter  mercantile  business  in 
Kamouraska,  Quebec  province ;  but  in  Jan- 
uary, 1880,  he  again  entered  the  railway 
service  as  assistant  superintendent  of  the 
Intercolonial  Eailway.  In  October,  1881, 
he  was  promoted  to  be  the  district  superin- 
tendent of  the  same  road,  which  position  he 
now  holds.  In  January,  1885,  he  formed  a 
company  for  the  construction  of  a  line  from 
Eiver  du  Loup,  Quebec,  to  Edmondston,  in 
New  Brunswick,  under  the  name  of  the 
Temiscouata  Eailway  Company,  of  which 
he  was  elected  president,  and  which  office  he 
has  held  since.  This  line  is  now  in  an  ad- 
vanced state  of  construction,  and  will  be  com- 
pleted in  the  fall  of  1887.  In  politics,  Mr. 
McDonald  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and  in 
religion,  a  member  of  the  Eoman  Catholic 
church.  He  has  been  twice  married.  First 
on  September  14th,  1866,  to  A.  Blondeau, 
of  St.  Paschal,  who  died  10th  of  February, 
1873;  and  secondly,  on  May  16th,  1881,  to 
Marie  Langevin,  of  Quebec,  sister  of  Sir 
Hector  L.  Langevin,  minister  of  Public 
Works  of  Canada,  and  of  his  Lordship  the 
bishop  of  Eimouski. 

Clark,  Rev.  W.  B.,  Quebec.— This 
worthy  divine  was  born  at  Biggar,  Lanark- 
shire, Scotland,  on  January  27th,  1805. 
His  father  was  William  Clark,  a  respectable 
country  merchant,  who  died  when  his  son 
was  only  two  years  old.  Thus  in  the  pro- 
vidence of  God  the  charge  of  a  family  of 
six  devolved  on  his  widow,  Janet  Brown, 
who  did  her  best  to  bring  them  up  in  the 
fear  of  the  Lord,  to  provide  for  their  wants, 
and  give  them  a  good  education.  William 
was  educated  chiefly  at  the  parish'school  of 
Biggar,  where  he  obtained  a  knowledge  of 
the  elements  of  Greek,  with  a  pretty  accu- 
rate and  extensive  knowledge  of  Latin.  But 
when  he  was  ready  to  go  to  college,  in  con- 
sequence of  family  reverses  he  could  not  be 
sent.  He  remained  some  time  at  home 
therefore,  and  got  a  still  more  extensive  ac- 
quaintance with  the  Latin  classics.  But  he 
was  anxious  to  do  something  for  his  own 
support,  and  betook  himself  to  teaching. 
By  the  assistance  of  James  Hogg,  the  "  Et- 
trick  Shepherd,"  he  was  enabled  to  open  a 
small  school  in  the  parish  of  Yarrow.  Mr. 
Hogg  kindly  provided  a  school-room,  with 
an  apartment  and  free  board  for  the  teacher 
in  the  farm  house  of  Mont  Benger.  This 


280 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


farm  was  rented  by  the  poet,  and  was  situ- 
ated about  a  mile  from  the  cottage  of  Al- 
trive  Luke,  where  he  resided,  and  the  house 
was  occupied  only  by  a  servant,  who  looked 
after  the  cattle,  etc.  At  that  time  Mr.  Hogg 
had  no  children  of  his  own  old  enough  to 
be  instructed,  but  he  interested  himself  in 
this  school  partly  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  neighbors,  and  partly,  perhaps,  from 
kindness  to  the  young  teacher,  who  had 
been  introduced  to  him  the  year  before  by 
Henry  Scott  Kiddell,  who  afterwards  mar- 
ried his  sister — the  Eliza  of  one  of  his  pop- 
ular songs.  During  his  leisure  hours,  Mr. 
Clark  wrote  a  tale,  which  he  showed  to  the 
shepperd,  who  made  a  large  addition  to  it, 
and  published  it  in  Constable's  Magazine, 
and  generously  gave  the  money  paid  for  it 
to  the  young  teacher.  At  the  close  of  April, 
when  some  of  the  young  people  had  to  re- 
sume field  work,  the  school  at  Mont  Benger 
had  to  be  broken  up;  but  Mr.  Clark  found 
employment  at  Manor,  in  Peeblesshire, 
where  two  farmers,  for  their  own  children's 
sake,  organised  a  school,  in  the  house  of 
one  of  whom — Mr.  Murray,  of  Cademuir — 
the  teacher  was  kindly  and  freely  boarded. 
In  the  beginning  of  November,  1822,  Mr. 
Clark  entered  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
having  saved  money  enough  to  pay  all  per- 
sonal and  college  expenses  during  the  ses- 
sion. On  going  to  Edinburgh,  Mr.  Hogg 
furnished  him  with  a  letter  of  introduction 
to  Professor  Pillans,  who  treated  him  very 
kindly  and  presented  him  with  a  free  ticket 
to  his  class.  In  this  class  he  gained  two 
prizes,  one  on  the  direct  and  indirect  forms 
of  speech,  and  another  for  superiority  in 
private  studies.  At  the  close  of  the  ses- 
sion he  returned  to  his  old  employment  at 
Manor,  where  he  remained  till  the  following 
November,  when  he  went  home  to  Biggar, 
where  he  taught  a  short  time,  and  then  ac- 
cepted a  school  at  Bx>berton,  in  Lanarkshire. 
About  this  time  his  mother  died,  and  short- 
ly afterwards,  his  own  health  failing,  he  re- 
turned to  Biggar,  and  spent  the  summer 
and  fall  in  teaching  a  son  of  Mr.  Gillespie, 
Biggar  Park.  At  the  opening  of  the  col- 
lege session  of  1824,  he  had  not  saved 
money  enough  to  support  himself  and  pay 
the  necessary  college  expenses  ;  but  an  old 
lady,  a  friend  of  the  family,  lent  what  was 
necessary  to  make  up  the  deficiency.  Dur- 
ing this  session,  he  seems  to  have  devoted 
his  energies  chiefly  to  Latin,  and  gained  a 
prize  for  an  essay  on  the  eighth  satire  of 


Juvenal.  At  the  close  of  this  session  he  re- 
ceived an  appointment  as  tutor  in  a  large 
boarding  school  at  Eddleston,  in  Peebles- 
shire,  where  he  remained  for  eighteen 
months.  It  was  here  that  a  favorable  change 
took  place  in  his  spiritual  condition.  He 
had  for  a  long  time  had  doubts  and  diffi- 
culties on  the  subject  of  religion;  but  at 
this  time,  after  a  careful  study  of  "  Chal- 
mers' Evidences  of  Christianity,"  his  doubts 
were  removed,  his  difficulties  solved,  and  he 
became  a  believer  in  revealed  truth,  so  far 
as  the  exercise  of  the  intellectual  faculties 
could  make  him  so.  From  this  time  he  had 
a  deep  conviction  that  the  reading  of  the 
heathen  classics  had  deeply  injured  his 
moral  and  spiritual  condition.  The  con- 
tempt which  an  intelligent  mind  cannot  but 
feel  for  the  heathen  mythology,  seems  to 
have  confirmed  his  doubts  in  regard  to  re- 
ligion altogether.  And  it  is  indeed  surpris- 
ing that  Christian  people  should  encourage 
the  study  of  the  heathen  classics  to  the  neg- 
lect of  the  ancient  Christian  classics.  In 
this  way  we  believe  that  unspeakable  mis- 
chief is  done.  And  there  is  no  excuse  for 
it;  for  some  of  the  ancient  Christian  class- 
ics wrote  sufficiently  pure  Greek  and  Latin. 
We  have  often  been  surprised  that  the  dia- 
logue entitled  Octavius,  of  Minutius  Felix, 
and  the  letters  of  Cyprian,  bishop  of  Car- 
thage, should  not  have  been  generally  in- 
troduced into  our  schools  and  colleges. 
Their  latinity  is  beautiful,  and  their  relig- 
ious and  moral  teaching  such  as  cannot  fail 
to  exercise  a  beneficial  influence  on  all  who 
read  them  with  attention.  The  same  thing 
may  be  said  in  regard  to  the  writings  of 
Justin  Martyr,  whose  Greek,  if  not  so  pure 
as  that  of  Xenophon  or  Plato,  is  sufficiently 
good  for  all  practical  purposes.  His  first 
Apology,  addressed  to  the  emperor  Antoni- 
nus Pius,  is  especially  valuable,  and  ought 
to  be  read  by  all  students  of  divinity.  On 
leaving  Eddleston,  at  the  end  of  October, 
1826,  he  had  saved  money  enough  to  pay 
the  little  debt  which  he  had  contracted  the 
year  before,  and  to  meet  all  his  expenses 
during  the  ensuing  session  at  college.  But 
before  returning  to  Edinburgh,  a  friend  had 
procured  for  him  abundance  of  private 
teaching,  so  that  he  had  now  money  enough 
and  to  spare.  From  this  time  he  had  pri- 
vate teaching  enough,  so  that  he  no  more 
required  to  lose  a  session  at  college.  But 
what  was  of  more  importance,  his  faith  in 
the  glorious  truths  of  the  gospel  was  now 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


281 


confirmed,  and  he  was  growing  slowly  in 
grace  and  Christian  experience.  In  1828, 
Mr.  Clark  entered  the  Divinity  Hall  the 
same  year  in  which  Dr.  Chalmers  came  to  the 
University  of  Edinburgh  as  professor  of 
divinity.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  he  pro- 
fited greatly  by  the  teaching  of  that  devout 
and  extraordinary  man,  who  not  only  com- 
municated instruction  in  the  most  effective 
and  memorable  manner,  but  infused  some- 
what of  the  fire  of  his  own  soul  into  the 
minds  of  his  students.  Mr.  Clark  not  only 
made  great  progress  in  the  systematic 
knowledge  of  divine  truth,  but  imbibed 
something  of  the  spirit  of  his  master.  One 
of  the  exercises  prescribed  to  Mr.  Clark 
was  an  exegesis  on  the  subject,  "  An  Chris- 
tus  sit  colendus  summo  cultu  deo  patri  deb- 
ito?"  that  is,  "  Ought  Christ  to  be  worship- 
ped with  the  supreme  worship  due  to  God 
the  Father?  "  This  led  him  to  an  investiga- 
tion, on  biblical  principles,  of  the  grand 
fundamental  truths  of  the  gospel,  which  re- 
sulted in  a  firm  conviction  in  his  mind  of 
the  truth  of  the  grand  evangelical  princi- 
ples embodied  in  the  Westminster  Confes- 
sion of  Faith.  The  preparation  of  this  dis- 
course produced  a  most  salutary  effect  on 
his  mental  character;  but  it  did  more,  it 
deepened  his  religious  convictions,  and 
called  forth  in  his  soul  more  lively  emotions 
of  gratitude  and  love  to  the  God  of  salva- 
tion. Soon  after  this,  Dr.  Chalmers  recom- 
mended Mr.  Clark  for  one  of  the  government 
bursaries,  and  it  was  conferred  upon  him. 
The  bursary  was  one  of  ten  pounds  a  year; 
but  it  had  been  vacant  for  a  year,  so  that 
he  got  twenty  pounds  sterling  the  first  year 
and  ten  pounds  a  year  for  the  two  succeed- 
ing years.  With  his  revenue  from  private 
teaching,  this  placed  him  in  very  comfort- 
able circumstances.  And  as  he  succeeded 
about  this  time  to  a  small  property  left  him 
by  his  father,  he  had  now  more  than  suffi- 
cient for  all  his  wants.  In  the  summer  of 
1832,  Mr.  Clark  was  licensed  to  preach  the 
gospel  by  the  presbytery  of  Biggar,  but  as 
there  was  at  that  time  a  superabundance  of 
preachers  in  connection  with  the  Establish- 
ed Church,  no  opening  appeared  for  him  in 
that  line,  so  he  continued  his  labors  as  a 
private  teacher.  His  work  now  consisted 
almost  exclusively  in  assisting  in  their  stu- 
dies young  gentlemen  attending  the  Edin- 
burgh Academy.  About  this  time  a  society 
was  formed  by  the  preachers  of  the  Estab- 
lishment in  Edinburgh  for  voluntary  mis- 


sionary labors  among  the  poor  in  the  most 
destitute  parts  of  the  city.  Mr.  Clark  was 
chosen  by  the  venerable  Dr.  Inglis  to  labor 
in  his  parish  of  Old  Greyfriars,  and  the 
scene  of  his  operations  was  the  Cowgate, 
with  the  closes  extending  from  it  to  the 
Lawn  market  and  High  street.  Dr.  Inglis 
soon  after  this  died,  and  was  succeeded  by 
the  Kev.  John  Sym,  a  young  man  of  fine 
talents,  very  popular  as  a  preacher,  and  of 
genuine  Christian  character.  Mr.  Clark 
was  soon  after  his  appointment  introduced 
to  Mr.  Sym,  when  he  engaged  him  at  a 
respectable  salary  as  his  assistant,  to  labor 
among  the  poor  of  the  parish.  As  Old 
Greyfriars  was  a  collegiate  charge,  his  ser- 
vices were  not  required  in  the  parish  church; 
but  he  preached  regularly  in  an  old  church 
in  the  Cowgate,  whose  spire  is  still  visible 
from  the  South  Bridge.  At  that  time  it  had 
passed  out  of  the  hands  of  the  church, 
and  was  the  property  of  the  Society  of 
Hammermen,  who  kindly  gave  the  use  of 
it  for  missionary  meetings.  It  was  in  this 
church  that  the  first  General  Assembly  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland  was  held,  and  it 
has  now  happily  passed  into  the  possession 
of  the  Free  Church.  The  scenes  of  pov- 
erty and  wretchedness  and  vice  which  Mr. 
Clark  had  to  encounter  in  his  visits  among 
this  people  were  often  heartrending.  On 
one  occasion,  when  urging  a  poor  woman 
to  attend  the  church,  he  was  met  by  the 
reply,  "  Oh,  sir,  our  thoughts  are  mainly 
taken  up  about  how  we  are  to  get  the  next 
meal  of  meat."  It  was  not  uncommon  to 
find  houses  in  which  there  was  no  bed,  and 
only  some  litters  of  straw,  or  even  shavings, 
as  a  substitute,  This  was  afterwards  the 
scene  of  Dr.  Guthrie's  labors  when  he  be- 
came colleague  to  Mr.  Sym,  in  the  parish 
of  Old  Greyfriars,  and  no  doubt  furnished 
the  materials  for  his  book  on  the  sins  and 
sorrows  and  sufferings  of  the  great  cities  of 
the  old  world.  When  Mr.  Clark's  health 
was  beginning  to  fail,  he  was  relieved  from 
the  severe  and  often  painful  work  which  he 
had  to  perform  in  the  Cowgate  and  its 
closes.  In  1835  he  was  recommended  by 
Dr.  Chalmers  to  Lady  Maxwell,  of  Spring- 
kell,  who  had  requested  him  to  send  a  young 
man  to  take  charge  of  the  parish  of  Half- 
Morton.  This  parish  was  then  in  a  pecu- 
liar condition.  It  was  still  a  distinct  par- 
ish quo  ad  civ  ilia,  but  was  united,  quo  ad 
sacra  to  the  parish  of  Langholm,  of  which 
the  minister  was  a  Pluralist,  having  to 


282 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


preach  three  Sabbaths  in  the  month  at 
Xjangholm  and  one  at  Half-Morton.  A  suit 
was  afterwards  instituted  in  the  Court  of 
Tiends  for  the  separation  of  the  two  par- 
ishes, which  was  successful ;  and  in  1839 
Mr.  Clark  was  presented  by  the  Crown  to 
the  resuscitated  parish  of  Half-Morton. 
Meanwhile  he  had  been  married  to  a  dis- 
tant relation  of  his  own,  Jane  Brown,  a 
daughter  of  James  Brown,  of  Edmonston, 
but  as  there  was  no  suitable  residence  for 
them  in  the  parish,  they  had  to  reside  at 
Longtown,  a  village  of  Cumberland,  on  the 
English  side  of  the  border,  till  a  manse 
was  built  at  Half- Morton.  Here  they  spent 
four  years  in  comfort  and  happiness,  till  the 
disruption  took  place,  when  they  had  to 
leave  their  pleasant  home.  They  found  a 
temporary  residence  at  Annan,  a  town  ten 
miles  from  the  church  of  Half -Morton.  This 
distance  from  the  scene  of  his  labors  occa 
sioned  great  additional  labor  and  hardship 
to  Mr.  Clark,  more  especially  as  he  had 
often  to  preach  in  the  adjoining  parishes  of 
Canonbie  and  Langholm,  where  a  strong 
feeling  in  behalf  of  Free  Church  principles 
had  been  excited.  During  the  summer  of 
1843,  the  preaching  in  country  places  had 
to  be  done  chiefly  in  the  open  air;  but  at 
Canonbie  a  marque,  capable  of  sheltering 
several  hundred  people,  was  erected  in  a 
pasture  field  near  the  road-side.  Mr.  Clark 
had  officiated  only  two  Sabbaths  in  this 
place  when  he  was  interdicted  by  the  Duke 
of  Buccleugh,  who  was  the  sole  proprietor 
of  the  parish.  The  duke's  interdict  was 
obeyed,  but  preaching  was  immediately  be- 
gun on  the  road-side,  where  increasing 
numbers  attended.  A  preacher  was  imme- 
diately procured  for  Canonbie,  and  when 
Mr.  Clark  appeared  after  a  few  Sabbaths' 
absence,  he  chose  for  his  text,  Philippians 
i.,  12  :  "I  would  ye  should  understand, 
brethren,  that  the  things  which  happened 
unto  me  have  fallen  out  rather  unto  the 
furtherance  of  the  gospel."  The  opposition 
of  the  duke  only  intensified  the  determina- 
tion of  the  people.  It  is  only  justice,  how- 
ever, to  his  grace  to  add,  that  some  time 
afterwards  he  granted  a  site  for  a  church 
and  manse  with  a  piece  of  land  on  easy 
terms.  Towards  the  close  of  1843,  Mr. 
Clark  was  called  to  Maxwelltown,  a  suburb 
of  Dumfries,  but  the  presbytery  refused  to 
release  him  from  Half-Morton.  In  the 
spring  of  1844,  however,  difficulties  having 
arisen  in  the  congregation  of  Maxwelltown, 


the  call  to  him  was  renewed.  This  time  the 
presbytery  withdrew  their  opposition  to  his 
removal,  and  he  was  transferred  to  Max- 
welltown in  the  spring  of  1844.  With-  a 
good  manse  and  large  and  beautiful  garden 
which  he  had  planted  with  the  choicest 
fruit  trees,  and  in  the  midst  of  a  satisfied 
and  increasing  congregation,  here  Mr. 
Clark  lived  with  his  family  in  great  happi- 
ness and  comfort  till  the  spring 'of  1853, 
when,  under  the  impression  that  he  was 
called  of  God,  he  removed  to  Canada.  This 
was  a  great  trial  to  him,  more  especially  as 
his  wife,  who  was  in  delicate  health,  was 
unwilling  to  go.  She  was  too  good  a  wo- 
man, however,  to  resist  what  her  husband 
believed  to  be  a  call  from  God,  and,  trusting 
in  the  Lord,  consented  to  go.  In  February, 
1853,  Mr.  Clark  sailed  for  New  York  alone, 
thinking  it  better  to  leave  his  family  to 
come  out  the  following  summer.  On  reach- 
ing New  York,  he  proceeded  immediately 
to  Quebec,  which  he  reached  on  the  1st  of 
March,  and  immediately  entered  upon  his 
labors  there.  He  was  treated  with  great 
kindness  by  the  late  James  Gibb,  of  Wood- 
field,  who  very  handsomely  kept  him  in  his 
house  till  the  arrival  of  his  family  in  Sep* 
tember.  Mrs.  Clark  was  very  feeble  when 
she  arrived  at  Quebec;  the  sea  voyage  ap- 
peared to  have  weakened  her,  and  she  did 
not  improve  much  by  the  change  of  air  and 
rest  which  she  now  enjoyed.  And  when 
the  cold  weather  set  in,  she  began  gradually 
to  sink.  But  she  had  perfect  faith  in  Jesus, 
no  complaint  escaped  her  lips,  and  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1854,  she  died  in  the  full  assurance 
of  a  blessed  resurrection.  Instead  of  en- 
larging on  her  beautiful  character  now,  it 
will  answer  the  purpose  better  to  insert  a 
poem  which  Mr.  Clark  wrote  on  the  occa- 
sion of  her  death: — 

With  a  sorrowful  heart, 

She  prepared  to  depart 
From  dear  old  Scotland's  shore  ; 

For  well  she  knew, 

That  its  mountains  blue, 
Her  eyes  should  behold  no  more. 

But  when  duty  called, 

No  danger  appalled 
That  heart  so  devoted  and  true. 

She  had  left,  for  the  truth, 

The  sweet  manse  of  her  youth, 
And  now  bade  her  country  adieu. 

In  weakness  and  pain, 
O'er  the  dark,  stormy  main, 
She  came  to  this  old  fortress  town  ; 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


283 


Where,  in  slow  decay, 
She  wasted  away, 
My  faithful  Jeanie  Brown. 

But  severe  though  her  pain, 

She  did  not  complain  ; 
For  it  taught  her,  she  told  us,  to  see 

More  clearly  the  woe, 

In  the  regions  below, 
From  which  the  redeemed  are  set  free. 

By  St.  Lawrence's  side, 

As  he  rolls,  in  his  pride, 
To  the  great  Atlantic  down, 

By  a  walnut's  shade, 

The  dear  dust  we  laid 
Of  my  sweet  Jeanie  Brown. 

And  now  she  sleeps, 

Where  the  green  wave  sweeps 
Past  the  ocean's  river's  shore  ; 

But  I'll  meet  her  again, 

In  that  blessed  domain, 
Where  the  weary  part  no  more.     • 

Mr.  Clark  remained  unmarried  for  sixteen 
years,  when  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Amelia  Torrance,  widow  of  Thomas  Gibb, 
of  Quebec.  She  has  been  to  him  a  wise 
counsellor,  a  true  and  affectionate  wife,  and 
while  she  was  able,  a  help  meet  for  him  in 
his  great  work.  After  some  time,  however, 
she  was  seized  with  rheumatism,  which  at 
first  gave  little  inconvenience;  but  it  grad- 
ually increased  in  severity,  till  at  last,  in 
the  winter  of  1872,  it  completely  prostrated 
her.  Towards  the  summer  of  1873  she  re- 
covered a  little,  and  it  was  thought  advisa- 
ble to  try  the  effect  of  a  sea  voyage  upon 
her.  Mr.  Clark,  also  feeling  his  strength 
giving  way,  after  having  labored  in  Quebec 
for  upwards  of  twenty  years,  thought  him- 
self justified  in  resigning  that  important 
and  laborious  charge.  Accordingly  they 
sailed  for  the  old  country  in  the  autumn  of 
1873;  and  Mrs.  Clark  felt  more  benefit  from 
the  sea  voyage  than  from  all  the  medical 
treatment  which  she  had  received.  After 
visiting  Mr.  Clark's  sister,  the  widow  of 
Henry  Scott  Kiddell,  at  Tiviot  Head,  they 
spent  the  winter  partly  at  a  hydropathic 
establishment,  near  Melrose ;  partly  in  Ed- 
inburgh, and  partly  in  Dumfries.  They 
then  started  for  the  south,  spending  a  short 
time  in  London,  a  week  in  Paris,  and  then 
started  for  Aix-les-Bains,  in  Savoy,  famous 
for  its  hot  sulphur  springs.  After  spending 
some  time  there  they  returned  to  Scotland, 
through  Switzerland  and  France,  arriving 
in  Edinburgh  near  the  end  of  May,  a  little 
before  the  closing  of  the  Free  Church  Gen- 
eral Assembly.  They  spent  the  remainder 


of  the  summer  very  pleasantly  among  their 
friends  in  the  rural  parts  of  the  counties 
of  Roxburgh,  Peebles,  and  Dumfries,  and 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Glasgow,  from 
which  port  they  sailed,  and  reached  Quebec 
in  safety  in  September,  1874.  Mr.  Clark 
was  now  too  old  to  think  of  looking  after 
another  ministerial  charge,  but  preached  oc- 
casionally at  Quebec  and  elsewhere  as  cir- 
cumstances required  till  1880,  when  he  was 
called  to  be  professor  of  Church  History  in 
Morin  College,  Quebec,  which  situation  he 
still  holds.  While  in  Half- Morton  he  pre- 
pared a  book  for  family  worship,  which  was 
published  by  T.  Nelson  &  Sons,  Edinburgh, 
and  obtained  a  large  circulation.  While 
in  Maxwelltown,  after  the  death  of  his  only 
son,  he  wrote  a  little  volume  entitled, 
"  Asleep  in  Jesus,"  which  was  also  pub- 
lished by  the  Nelsons,  and  extensively  cir- 
culated. This  little  book  was  afterwards 
published  in  Philadelphia  without  the  au- 
thor's knowledge.  IV' r.  Clark  produced 
another  little  work,  entitled  "  The  Promise 
of  the  Spirit,"  which  was  published  by  Rob- 
ert Kennedy,  at  Prescott.  This  book  did 
not  attract  much  attention,  and  was  never 
republished. 

Thomp§on,  Hon.  John  Sparrow 
David,  Q.  C.,  Minister  of  Justice  and  At- 
torney-General of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
Ottawa,  was  born  at  Halifax,  on  the  10th  of 
November,  1844.  He  is  a  son  of  John  Spar- 
row Thompson,  a  native  of  Waterford,  Ire- 
land, who,  after  coming  to  this  country,  was 
for  a  time  Queen's  printer,  and  afterwards 
superintendent  of  the  money  order  system 
of  Nova  Scotia.  Hon.  Mr.  Thompson  chose 
law  as  a  profession,  and  was  called  to  the 
bar  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  July,  1865,  and  ap- 
pointed a  Queen's  counsel  in  May,  1879. 
He  was  for  six  years  alderman  of  the  city 
of  Halifax,  and  for  five  years  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  School  Commissioners,  being 
for  some  time  chairman  of  the  board.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Halifax.  He  was  for  the  last  two 
years  of  his  residence  in  Halifax  honorary 
lecturer  in  the  Halifax  Law  School,  on  evi- 
dence and  the  construction  of  statutes.  He 
entered  the  political  arena  in  1877,  and  was 
elected  for  Antigonish  county  a  member  of 
the  Nova  Scotia  legislature,  by  a  majority  of 
517.  He  was  returned  by  the  same  constit- 
uency at  the  general  election  of  1878,  and 
was  appointed  attorney- general  in  1878,  and 
was  again  elected  by  acclamation.  In  1882, 


284 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


on  the  retirement  of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Holmes, 
he  was  chosen  premier  and  attorney- general ; 
and  at  the  election  that  followed  that  year, 
he  was  returned  by  a  majority  of  over  five 
hundred.  In  July,  18  s2,  he  resigned  office, 
and  was  appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia.  This  office 
he  held  until  the  25th  of  September,  1885, 
when  he  resigned,  and  was  chosen  by  Sir 
John  A.  Macdonald  to  fill  the  important 
offices  of  minister  of  justice  and  attorney  - 
general  for  the  Dominion  of  Canada.  He 
sat  in  the  House  of  Assembly  of  Nova  Scotia 
from  December,  1877,  until  his  elevation  to 
the  bench  in  1882 ;  and  was  first  elected  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  at  Ottawa,  in  Octo- 
ber, 1885,  and  re-elected  at  the  general 
election  of  1887,  for  Antigonish.  Hon.  Mr. 
Thompson  in  politics  is  a  Liberal-Conser- 
vative, and  in  religion  is  a  member  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  church.  In  1870,  he  was 
married  to  Annie  E.  Affleck,  daughter  of 
Captain  Affleck,  of  Halifax,  and  has  a  family 
of  five  children. 

9Iac  Lean,  Alexander,  Parliamentary 
Printer,  Ottawa,  was  born  on  the  9th  Decem- 
ber, 1834,  in  the  township  of  Dumfries, 
county  of  Brant,  Ontario.  His  parents  were 
John  MacLean  and  Isabella  McRae,  both 
natives  of  Inverness,  Scotland,  from  which 
country  they  emigrated,  and  settled  in  Can- 
ada. Alexander  received  his  education  in 
the  public  and  grammar  schools,  and  re- 
mained at  home,  his  father  being  a  farmer, 
taking  a  share  of  the  farm  work,  until  he 
was  twenty  years  of  age.  He  subsequently 
taught  school  for  a  while,  and  also  served 
for  some  years  as  a  mercantile  clerk.  He 
abandoned  these  pursuits  for  the  newspaper 
press,  to  which  he  had  become  a  casual  con- 
tributor, and  became  the  publisher,  in  1865, 
of  the  Cornwall  Freeholder,  then  the  home 
organ  of  the  late  Hon.  Sandfield  Macdonald, 
and  continued  its  publisher  until  shortly 
after  that  gentleman's  death,  in  1872.  He 
then  joined  the  staff  of  the  Toronto  Globe, 
as  its  Ottawa  correspondent,  and  this  posi- 
tion he  held  for  several  years,  until  he  be- 
came (with  Mr.  Eoger)  one  of  the  con- 
tractors for  the  printing  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Commons,  and  of  the  government 
at  Ottawa,  and  such  he  has  been  for  the  last 
fourteen  years.  Mr.  MacLean  is  a  justice 
of  the  peace  for  the  united  counties  of  Stor- 
mont,  Dundas,  and  Glengarry  ;  a  director 
of  the  Metropolitan  Street  Railway  Com- 
pany; of  the  Canadian  Granite  Company, 


both  of  Ottawa;  and  of  the  Oornwall  Gas 
Company.  He  is  also  interested  in  several 
other  public  enterprises.  He  early  joined 
the  Masonic  order,  and  is  now  a  past  wor- 
shipful master.  He  is  a  Liberal  in  politics, 
and  in  religion,  belongs  to  the  Presbyterian 
denomination.  On  November  20th,  1863, 
he  was  married  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  John 
Smith,  St.  George,  county  of  Brant. 

Perritfo,  James,  M.A.,M.D.,M.R.C.S., 
(Eng.),  Montreal,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Montreal  in  1846.  His  parents  were  John 
Perrigo  and  Eleanor  Reeves.  The  doctor's 
family  have  always  been  Conservative  dn 
politics,  and  we  find  that  in  the  war  of 
1812  his  grandfather  served  against  the 
Americans;  and  it  was  in  consequence  of 
his  patriotic  services  on  this  occasion  that 
he  escaped  being  expelled  from  the  country 
during  the  troublesome  times  of  1837,  he 
having  commanded  the  rebels  in  the  skirmish 
that  took  place  near  Beauharnois  in  that 
year.  He  received  his  education  at  McGill 
University,  and  afterwards  went  to  Eng- 
land, where  he  further  prosecuted  his  medi 
cal  studies,  and  while  there  he  was  elected 
honorary  secretary  of  the  Obstetrical  So- 
ciety of  London.  Returning  to.  Montreal 
in  1872,  he  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  now  occupies  a  front  rank  as  a 
medical  practitioner  in  that  city.  He  is  a  pro- 
fessor of  surgery  in  Bishop's  College  Medi- 
cal School.  In  religion  Dr.  Perrigo  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Episcopal  form  of  worship ; 
and  hi  politics  is  a  Liberal-Conservative.  In 
1885  he  was  married  to  Marion  G.,  daughter 
of  the  late  H.  Chandler,  who,  during  his 
lifetime,  was  a  merchant  in  Montreal. 

Heclley,  Rev.  Charles  Stein kopff, 
B.A.,  Rector  of  Sussex,  New  Brunswick,  is 
of  English  birth,  having  been  born  in  Truro, 
Cornwall,  on  the  16th  September,  1835. 
He  is  a  son  of  the  Right  Rev.  John  Medley, 
D.D.,  bishop  of  Fredericton,  and  Christiana 
Bacon,  a  granddaughter  of  the  great  Eng- 
lish sculptor  of  that  name.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Medley  received  his  early  education  in  the 
classics  and  mathematics  at  Marlborough 
College,  Wiltshire,  England,  and  came  out 
to  New  Brunswick  in  1855,  his  father  hav- 
ing preceded  him.  Shortly  after  his  arrival 
he  entered  King's  College,  Fredericton, 
where  he  took  the  arts  course.  He  studied 
theology  under  his  father.  In  June,  1859, 
he  was  ordained  deacon  by  his  father,  and 
the  following  year  priest.  He  was  first  sent 
to  the  mission  of  Douglas,  York  county, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


285 


New  Brunswick,  where  he  labored  fifteen 
months,  serving  meanwhile  as  a  school 
trustee,  and  doing  good  religious  and  liter- 
ary work.  At  the  end  of  this  period  Rev. 
Mr.  Medley  returned  to  Fredericton  to  assist 
his  father  in  the  Cathedral.  After  a  short 
residence  in  Fredericton  he  removed  to  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland,  where  he  was  incum- 
bent of  St.  Mary's  Church  for  three  years, 
and  then  returned  to  New  Brunswick  in 
1867,  to  become  rector  of  Sussex.  Since 
his  settlement  here  he  has  done  good  work 
for  the  Master.  A  neat  and  tasty  church 
edifice  has  been  erected,  with  black  ash  and 
pine  sheathing,  one  of  the  finest  houses  of 
worship  of  its  kind  in  the  province.  The 
old  church  whose  place  it  took  was  one  of 
the  earliest  built  in  this  part  of  New  Brun- 
swick, Sussex  having  been  settled  by  U.  E. 
loyalists.  It  is  situated  about  half  a  mile 
from  the  village,  and,  like  the  residence  of 
the  rector  a  few  rods  from  it,  has  beautiful 
rural  surroundings,  and  is  a  most  inviting 
place  for  man  to  worship  God.  Rev.  Mr. 
Medley  was  appointed  canon  to  the  cathe- 
dral at  Fredericton  in  1869;  and  rural  dean 
in  July,  1880.  He  is  an  excellent  scholar, 
a  polished  writer,  a  sound  theologian,  and 
has  a  pleasant  delivery  in  the  pulpit.  Canon 
Medley  was  married  on  the  21st  April,  1864, 
to  Charlotte,  daughter  ,of  Robert  Bird,  of 
Birdtown,  York  county,  New  Brunswick. 

lttacdoiial<l,Cliarlc§DeWolf,  B.A., 
Barrister,  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
on  the  23rd  October,  1854,  at  Pictou,  N.S. 
His  father  was  the  late  Alexander  Cameron 
Macdonald,  Q.C.,  barrister,  who,  during  his 
lifetime,  represented  the  county  of  Pictou  in 
the  Nova  Scotia  legislature  for  eight  years, 
and  occupied  the  position  of  speaker  in 
the  House  of  Assembly,  previous  to  the  con- 
federation of  the  provinces.  His  mother, 
who  still  survives,  Sarah  Amelia  DeWolf, 
is  a  descendant  of  a  well-known  loyalist 
family,  of  German  noble  origin.  Charles 
received  his  primary  education  at  Pictou 
Academy;  matriculated  in  1869  at  Dalhou- 
sie  College,  Halifax,  when  fifteen  years  of 
age.  taking  the  first  provincial  scholarship, 
and,  making  the  highest  aggregate  each 
year;  graduated  in  1873.  He  took  first 
prizes  throughout  his  course  for  Latin, 
Greek,  French  and  German.  Since  leav- 
ing college  he  has  made  a  special  study  of 
modern  languages,  and  is  now  widely 
known  as  a  linguist.  He  adopted  law  as  a 
profession,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 


Nova  Scotia  in  1875,  when  only  twenty-one 
years  of  age.  For  the  past  twelve  years  he 
has  practised  in  Pictou,  and  is  now  one  of 
the  leading  barristers  in  the  county.  Mr. 
Macdonald  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest 
in  military  affairs,  and  is  a  lieutenant  in  the 
78th  Highlanders,  Colchester,  Hants  and 
Pictou  volunteers.  He  is  a  Liberal  hi 
politics,  and  is  an  active  politician.  From 
1882  to  1885,  in  addition  to  his  usual  law 
practice,  he  edited  the  Pictou  News,  which 
was  the  first  paper  to  advocate  the  repeal  of 
the  federal  compact,  and  ranks  among  the 
best  conducted  weeklies  in  the  Maritime 
provinces.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian church. 

Beth unc,  John  Lemuel,  M  D.  C.  M. , 
M.P.P.  for  the  county  of  Victoria,  Baddeck, 
Cape  Breton,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  Loch 
Lomond,  Richmond  county,  N.S.,  in  1850. 
His  parents  were  Roderick  Bethune,  post- 
master, and  Mary  Bethune,  who  came  from 
the  Highlands  of  Scotland  to  Cape  Breton 
about  fifty  years  ago.  The  Rev.  Thomas 
McLauchlin'F.S.A.S.,  in  his  "  Celtic  Glean- 
ings," says  that  the  descendants  of  the 
Beatons,  or  Bethunes,  or  as  they  styled 
themselves,  McVeaghs  ( McBeths ),  in  a 
family  tree  contained  in  an  old  manuscript 
of  theirs  still  in  existence,  trace  themselves 
up  to  Nial  of  the  Nine  Hostages,  King  of 
Ireland.  One  Ferchar  Bethune  came  into 
prominence  by  being  the  means  of  curing 
King  Robert  II.  of  Scotland  of  a  painful 
and  dangerous  disease,  and  there  is  among 
the  Scottish  registers  of  charters  a  copy  of  a 
charter  from  that  king  conveying  to  Beth- 
une, as  an  expression  of  his  gratitude,  pos- 
session of  all  the  islands  on  the  west  coast  of 
Scotland  from  the  Point  Store  in  Assynt  to 
that  of  Armidale  in  Farr.  How  longFerchar's 
descendants  were  physicians  is  not  known, 
but  they  can  be  traced  back  as  such  by 
means  of  existing  documents  for  three  hun- 
dred and  fifty  years  from  the  middle  of  last 
century.  However,  the  great  progenitor  of 
the  race  would  seem  to  be  a  certain  Fergus 
the  Fair,  probably  the  Fergus  Bethune  who 
lived  in  the  year  1408,  and  was  then  phy- 
sician to  McDonald  of  the  Isles  of  Islay. 
There  are  several  MSS.  belonging  to  this 
family  in  existence.  One  is  a  small  quarto 
in  vellum,  now  in  possession  of  David  Laing, 
of  the  Edinburgh  Signet  Library.  It  was 
written  by  John  Beaton,  who  flourished  in 
1530.  It  is  full  of  comments  on  the  writ- 
ings of  Constantius  and  other  medical 


286 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


continental  writers  of  that  period.  It  also 
contains  a  long  treatise  on  astrology,  and 
another  on  the  phenomena  of  color  as  an 
indication  of  health  or  disease.  This  and 
other  writings  of  theirs  indicate  an  amount 
of  cultivation  in  the  Gaelic  to  qualify  it  for 
being  the  language  of  science  from  which 
it  has  sadly  declined.  Dr.  Bethune,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  was  educated  at  the 
Normal  School  in  Truro,  and  in  Dalhousie 
University,  where  he  took  the  degree  of 
M.D.C.M.  in  1875,  and  then  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  1881  he  was 
appointed  paymaster,  with  the  honorary 
rank  of  captain,  in  the  94th  battalion  Ar- 
gyll Highlanders,  and  the  same  year  was 
made  census  commissioner.  He  is  a  jus- 
tice of  the  peace,  coroner,  commissioner  of 
schools,  and  is  a  commissioner  for  taking 
affidavits,  etc.,  in  the  Supreme  and  County 
courts  of  Victoria  county.  He  takes  an  in- 
terest in  all  movements  for  the  good  of  his 
fellow  men.  He  is  a  past  master  of  St. 
Mark's  lodge  of  the  Masonic  brotherhood ; 
and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Grand  Division 
of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  of  Nova  Scotia. 
He  occupied  a  seat  in  the  municipal  council 
from  1879  till  1886,  when  he  resigned;  and 
for  three  years  from  June,  1880,  he  was 
warden  of  the  county.  The  doctor  was  for 
three  years  secretary  of  the  Liberal-Conser- 
vative Association  of  Victoria  county;  and 
at  the  general  election  held  in  1886  he  was 
selected  to  represent  his  adopted  county,  as 
an  Independent,  in  the  House  of  Assembly 
of  Nova  Scotia.  His  religious  views  are  in 
accordance  with  the  teachings  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  Canada.  He  was  mar- 
ried January  20th,  1885,  to  Mary  C.,  only 
daughter  of  the  late  Robert  A.  Jones,  regis- 
trar of  deeds  for  Victoria  county,  who  was  a 
descendant  of  a  Jones,  a  loyalist,  who  came 
to  Cape  Breton  at  the  time  of  the  American 
rebellion,  and  to  whom  was  granted  large 
tracts  of  land  at  Big  Baddeck,  Washabuck 
and  other  places  in  Cape  Breton. 

Halt,  Samuel  SI  aunt  on,  Quebec, 
Gentleman  Usher  of  the  Black  Bod,  Legis- 
lative Council,  province  of  Quebec,  was 
born  at  Chambly,  Quebec  province,  on  the 
18th  February,  1844.  He  is  the  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Augustus  Hatt,  and  of  Charlotte 
Emelie  de  Salaberry,  of  Chambly.  He  is 
also  a  grandson  -of  Colonel  de  Salaberry, 
the  hero  of  Chateauguay,  and  of  the  Hon. 
Samuel  Hatt,  of  Chambly.  Mr.  Hatt  receiv- 
ed his  education  at  the  High  School  of  St. 


Johns,  and  at  St.  Hyachinthe  College.  He 
received  his  civil  service  certificate  when 
only  about  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  in  1861 
entered  the  Militia  department.  He  served 
on  the  frontier  at  St.  Albans  during  the  time 
of  the  Fenian  raids,  with  the  rank  of  cap 
tain  and  adjutant;  and  also  commanded  a 
detachment,  at  Huntingdon,  of  the  3rd  Ad- 
ministration battalion,  under  command  of 
Lieut. -Colonel  Taylor.  While  Captain  Hatt 
was  stationed  at  Laprairie,  he  and  the  men 
under  him  rendered  great  service  in  subdu- 
ing a  fire  which  endangered  the  whole  town, 
and  were  afterwards  publicly  thanked  by  the 
municipal  council  for  the  important  service 
rendered  on  the  occasion.  Mr.  Hatt  was 
appointed  under  Boyal  commission  Gentle- 
man Usher  of  the  Black  Bod  for  the  Pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  on  the  23rd  December, 
1867,  and  stiU  holds  this  office.  He  was 
married  in  1883,  to  Mrs.  N.  F.  Hoole.  of 
Philadelphia,  United  States. 

Jle^Iaster,  Hon.  William.— Senator 
McMaster,  who  died  in  Toronto,  on  the 
morning  of  Friday,  23rd  September,  1887, 
was  a  good  representative  of  that  class  on 
whom  we  bestow  the  title  of  merchant 
princes.  He  was  born  in  1811,  in  the 
county  of  Tyrone,  Ireland,  and  his  father 
was  the  late  William  McMaster,  a  linen 
merchant,  who  did  business  for  many  years 
in  the  county  where  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  was  born.  His  son's  early  education 
was  a  very  careful  one,  he  having  attended 
a  private  school,  the  best  in  the  parish,  pre- 
sided over  by  Mr.  Halcro,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  teachers  in  the  north  of  Ireland. 
In  1833,  Mr.  Me  VI  aster  left  Ireland,  and  on 
the  9th  of  August  of  the  same  year  he  came 
to  Toronto.  Since  then  the  town  of  seven 
thousand  people,  with  only  two  brick  houses 
in  it,  has  become  the  flourishing  metropolis, 
with  a  population  of  over  one  hundred  thou- 
sand, and  the  social  and  commercial  centre 
of  the  leading  province  of  a  great  dominion. 
In  that  time  the  young  immigrant,  with  his 
capital  of  only  brains,  energy,  and  good 
habits,  had  become  one  of  Canada's  most 
noted  citizens,  an  object  of  emulation  to  all 
young  men,  and  of  gratitude  to  the  many 
who  have  been  benefited  by  his  practical 
kindness.  Landing  in  New  York  at  the  age 
of  twenty-two,  he  was  advised  to  proceed  to 
Canada  to  enter  into  business  with  a  son  of 
the  British  consul,  who  had  established  him- 
self in  a  trading  business  west  of  Toronto. 
Proceeding  by  the  old-time  flying  express 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


287 


route  along  the  canal,  the  young  fortune- 
seeker  found  himself  in  Oswego,  whence  a 
trip  across  the  lake  in  a  steamer  brought 
him  to  Toronto.  Life  in  Canada  West  at 
that  time  was  not  altogether  attractive  to  a 
young  man  conscious  of  his  ability  to  fill  a 
large  sphere,  and  it  did  not  take  young 
Me  Master  long  to  decide  that  in  Toronto,  if 
anywhere  in  the  province,  he  must  look  for 
success.  Jrle  entered  the  service  of  Mr. 
Cathcart,  who  at  that  time  kept  a  dry-goods 
establishment  on  King  street,  opposite  the 
old  Court-house,  now  York  Chambers.  Be- 
fore two  years  had  passed  his  assistant  had 
grown  so  valuable  to  him,  that  Mr.  Cath- 
cart could  not  afford  to  run  any  risk  of  los- 
ing him,  so  offered  him  a  partnership.  This 
was  accepted,  and  for  ten  years  the  firm 
went  on  prospering  well.  At  the  end  of 
that  time  the  senior  partner  retired,  leaving 
the  whole  business  in  Mr.  JVJcM aster's 
hands.  The  concern  up  to  this  time  had  been 
doing  a  wholesale  and  retail  business,  but 
shortly  after  assuming  control,  Mr.McMaster 
resolved  to  confine  his  attention  solely  to 
wholesale.  New  premises  were  opened  on 
Yonge  street,  below  King,  and  here  the  suc- 
cess which  had  attended  the  young  merchant 
continued  and  increased.  Subsequently  a 
handsome  building  was  erected,  adjoining 
the  Montreal  Bank,  on  Yonge  street  But 
other  business  connections  which  he  had 
formed  demanded  his  whole  attention,  and 
in  1865  he  sold  out  his  interest  to  his  two 
nephews,  who  had  been  associated  with  him. 
These  continued  the  business  until  the  death 
of  A.  R.  McMaster  and  the  retirement  of 
W.  F.  McMaster,  when  the  firm  was  re-or- 
ganised with  the  accession  to  its  ranks  of 
H.  W.  Darling,  under  the  title  of  McMas- 
ter, Darling  &  Co.  This  was  about  eigh- 
teen months  ago.  The  present  firm  occupy 
handsome  warerooms  on  Front  street  near 
Yonge.  The  causes  which  contributed  to 
the  great  success  which  Mr.  McMaster  met 
with  in  this  business  are  those  which  char- 
acterize the  career  of  almost  every  success- 
ful business  man.  Even  during  those  times 
when  there  was  the  greatest  temptation  to 
'•  display  "  and  to  bid  for  a  large  business, 
Mr.  Me  Master  steadily  refused  to  allow  his 
business  to  grow  beyond  the  basis  of  his 
own  capital.  His  caution  in  this  respect 
enabled  him  to  tide  over  the  hard  times  of 
1857  and  other  bad  years,  and  even  during 
the  depth  of  the  hard  times  to  do  a  profit- 
able trade.  Rivals  overtaken  by  the  finan- 


cial storm,  with  all  canvas  spread,  were 
wrecked.  Yet  while  pursuing  this  cautious 
policy  he  showed,  by  the  way  in  which 
he  enlarged  his  establishment,  that  there 
was  nothing  niggardly  about  his  man- 
agement. Whenever  he  deemed  the  circum- 
stances favorable  for  the  use  of  his  capital 
he  used  it  freely,  and  thus  added  yearly  to 
the  magnitude  of  his  returns.  He  left 
commercial  life  in  order  that  he  might  make 
the  greater  success  of  the  financial  opera- 
tions in  which  he  had  become  interested. 
He  had  been  for  some  time  director  of  the 
Montreal  Bank  and  of  the  Ontario  Bank, 
and  now  he  purposed  throwing  himself,  with 
all  his  customary  energy,  into  the  organi- 
zation of  a  new  concern.  The  charter  was 
procured  and  the  company  organized  on  a 
sound  basis,  and  Mr.  McM  aster  was  chosen 
the  first  president  of  the  new  Bank  of  Com- 
merce, which  was  the  title  chosen.  That 
was  about  twenty  years  ago,  and  the  posi- 
tion of  honor  and  trust  which  he  then 
achieved  he  retained  until  about  a  year  ago, 
when  ad  van  cin  g  years  compelled  him  to  re- 
linquish the  presidency  and  simply  to  give 
to  the  bank  as  a  director  the  benefit  of  his 
immense  business  experience.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded hi  the  presidency  by  Henry  W.  Dar- 
ling above  mentioned.  During  all  the  time 
of  Mr.  McMaster's  Canadian  life,  Toronto 
has  been  making,  year  by  year,  a  strange 
history-record.  Four  years  after  Mr.  McMas- 
ter's arrival  came  the  rebellion  under  William 
Ly on  Mackenzie,  which,  with  the  tremendous 
agitation  leading  up  to  and  following  it, 
naturally  interfered  very  much  with  the 
operations  of  peace-loving  merchants.  Im- 
mense political  changes  took  place,  chang- 
ing the  province  from  a  mere  crown  colony, 
with  practically  no  such  thing  as  political 
freedom,  to  a  self-governing  country  with 
representative  institutions,  and  manhood 
suffrage  in  the  near  distance.  The  city 
itself  had  to  expand  north,  east,  west, 
and  even  south,  for  the  Esplanade  works 
redeemed  in  all  a  great  tract  of  land  from 
the  bay,  and  made  sites  for  some  of  the 
largest  buildings  in  the  city  to-day.  Rail- 
way communication,  then  unknown,  had 
to  be  made  to  all  parts  of  the  province, 
and  the  city  had  to  bear  its  share  of 
the  expense  of  the  facilities  thus  afforded. 
Though  never  afraid  to  express  his  opinions 
in  favor  of  a  liberal  policy,  Mr.  McMaster 
kept  out  of  active  political  life  long  after 
his  friends  would  have  had  him  a  repre- 


288 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


sentative  of  the  people,  had  he  agreed  to  put 
himself  up  for  election.  At  length,  how- 
ever, the  crisis  came  which  brought  him  out. 
North  York  and  South  Simcoe  were  at  that 
time  united  for  the  purpose  of  elections  to 
the  Legislative  Council  of  the  province. 
There  was  a  vacancy  hi  the  constituency, 
and  John  D.  Gamble  became  the  Conserva- 
tive candidate.  He  was  a  strong  man,  and 
although  it  was  known  that  York  would  give 
a  majority  against  him,  it  was  fully  believed 
that  unless  he  was  opposed  by  the  very 
strongest  man  who  could  be  put  up  against 
him,  Tory  South  Simcoe  would  far  more  than 
neutralise  this  vote.  In  their  dilemma  the 
Liberals  applied  to  Mr.  McMaster  to  act  as 
their  standard-bearer.  At  first  he  strenu- 
ously opposed  the  idea,  but  seeing  that  it 
was  to  the  interest  of  what  he  believed  to  be 
true  that  he  should  accede  to  their  wishes, 
he  finally  did  so.  Though  he  prosecuted 
his  canvass  with  his  characteristic  energy, 
the  Liberal  candidate  set  an  example  of 
moderation  and  forbearance  in  conducting 
the  campaign  utterly  unknown  in  those 
days,  and  (more's  the  pity)  very  little 
practised  since.  Though  not  pretending  to 
any  talent  of  oratory,  Mr.  Me  Master  con- 
ducted himself  while  on  the  platform  with 
such  transparent  honesty  that  even  the  Tory 
stronghold  was  captured,  and  beside  a  ma- 
jority of  1,100  in  York,  he  came  out  with  a 
majority  of  about  300  in  Simcoe,  giving  him 
such  a  sweeping  victory  that  even  his  friends 
were  astonished  and  his  opponents  con- 
founded. The  elections  for  the  Council  then 
took  place  once  every  eight  years,  and  Mr. 
McMaster  would  doubtless  have  stood  for 
re-election,  but  that  in  the  meantime  con- 
federation took  place,  and  under  the  new 
order  of  things  he  was  called  upon  to  take 
his  seat  in  the  Senate.  During  the  whole 
of  his  political  life  he  gave  close  attention 
to  the  duties  devolving  upon  him.  He 
never  sought  to  move  the  house  by  elo- 
quence, but  in  committee,  where  measures 
are  really  elaborated,  and  where  most  of  the 
work,  except  the  talking,  is  done,  he  was 
found  keenly  alive  to  all  that  passed,  and 
ever  exerting  an  influence  in  favor  of  liberal 
and  progressive  measures.  But  however 
great  his  commercial  success,  Mr.  McMas- 
ter's  name  will  be  best  remembered  on  ac- 
count of  the  many  generous  acts  which  have 
been  associated  with  it.  For  many  years 
he  has  been  the  pillar  and  mainstay  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Toronto.  His  own 


congregation — that  now  worshipping  in  the 
beautiful  building  on  the  corner  of  Jarvis 
and  Gerrard  streets — owes  much  to  his  vigor- 
ous initiative  and  substantial  pecuniary  aid. 
Mr.  McMaster  and  his  present  wife,  contri- 
buted $50,000  toward  the  fund  for  building 
the  church,  and  in  addition  to  this,  Mrs. 
McMaster  paid  for  the  organ,  one  of  the 
finest  instruments  in  the  country ;  and  about 
four  years  ago  the  worthy  Senator  surpris- 
ed his  co-trustees,  at  a  meeting  called  for 
the  purpose  of  considering  the  best  means 
of  providing  for  the  church  debt,  by  pulling 
out  of  his  pocket  a  deed,  showing  that  a 
few  hours  before  the  meeting  he  had  dis- 
charged all  the  debt.  The  Baptist  book- 
room  and  The  Canadian  Baptist  were  pur- 
chased mainly  with  his  money,  and  put  in 
such  a  form  that  the  enterprises  now  prac- 
tically belong  to  the  denomination.  To  his 
munificence  is  due  the  successful  condition 
of  the  Superannuated  Ministers'  Society  of 
the  Baptist  Church.  Upper  Canada  Bible 
Society,  a  non-sectarian  institution,  owes 
much  to  him.  To  add  to  all  these  instances 
there  could  be  brought  forward  a  long  list 
of  public  and  private  benefactions,  but  the 
whole  of  them  are  overshadowed  by  the 
magnificent  gift  which  he  has  presented  to 
his  fellow- Christians  in  the  Baptist  College, 
now  one  of  the  chief  ornaments  of  Toronto. 
During  the  last  years  of  his  life  Mr.  Mc- 
Master devoted  much  attention  to  the  de- 
velopment of  his  plans  for  the  advancement 
of  education.  When  he  founded  Toronto 
Baptist  College,  at  a  cost  of  $100,000  paid 
to  the  Toronto  University  authorities  for 
the  ground,  and  $90,000  for  furnishing  the 
building,  he  only  thought  of  putting  up  a 
structure  at  his  own  expense,  and  endowing 
the  presidency,  looking  to  the  denomina- 
tion -to  provide  the  means,  through  annual 
collections,  for  the  support  of  two  other 
chairs.  But  with  the  development  of  the 
college  and  its  increasing  prosperity  from 
year  to  year,  he  saw  the  necessity  of  add- 
ing two  more  professors  to  the  staff,  and 
subsequently  two  additional  professors,  mak- 
ing a  staff  of  six  besides  the  president.  See- 
ing that  the  denomination  was  sufficiently 
burdened  with  its  large  home  and  foreign 
work,  he  relieved  it  of  all  responsibility  for 
the  support  of  the  entire  staff,  whose  ag- 
gregate salaries  amount  to  $14,500  annu- 
ally; and  by  his  will  it  is  provided  that 
McMaster  University  will  ultimately  receive, 
subject  to  the  payment  to  the  Home  Mis- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


289 


sionary  Society  of  $2,000,  about  $800,000, 
in  addition  to  what  the  testator  gave  for 
the  same  object   during  his   lifetime.     At 
the  beginning  of  the  discussion  of  the  uni- 
versity confederation  question,  on  the  re- 
commendation of   some  of  the  educational 
leaders  in  the  Baptist  denomination,  Mr. 
McMaster  proposed  to  found  an  arts  col- 
lege in  Toronto,  in  affiliation  with  Toronto 
University,   on   condition  that  the  denomi- 
nation would  raise  the  amount  of  $88,000 
for  the   more    thorough    endowment    and 
equipment  of  Woodstock  college,  which  was 
to  continue  as  a  preparatory  school.     Of 
this  sum  he  himself   proposed  to   contri- 
bute  $32,000.      After   considerable   effort 
had  been  made  to  secure  the  sum  proposed, 
it  was  found  that   the   denomination  was 
not  in  hearty  sympathy  with  the  scheme,  for 
very  little  of  the  necessary  amount  was  ever 
subscribed.      However,    in   the   spring   of 
1886,  at  a  time  when,  to  all  appearances,  the 
confederation  scheme   had   failed  through 
the  refusal  of   several   of   the  more  promi- 
nent colleges  of  Ontario  to  enter  confede- 
ration, it  was  proposed  to   Mr.  McMaster 
that  he  should  transfer  to   Woodstock  col- 
lege the  amount  which  he  had  intended  for 
the   establishment   of   an    arts   college   in 
Toronto.      After  mature   consideration  he 
cheerfully  acceded  to  the  proposal,  believ- 
ing that  the  preservation  and  enlargement 
of  Woodstock  college,  with   its  traditions 
and  associations,  were  of  more  importance  to 
the  welfare  of  his  people  than  the  establish- 
ment of  the  arts  college  in  Toronto.  With- 
in a  few  weeks  of  the  announcement  of  Mr. 
McMaster's  donation,  nearly  $50,000  was 
secured  by  the  Rev.  Drs.  Band  and  Mac  Vicar 
for  new  buildings  and  equipment  at  Wood- 
stock, from  members  of  the  denomination. 
It  was  then  felt  by  the  leaders  of  the  de- 
nomination that  Woodstock  had  the  pros- 
pect of  sufficient  funds  in  the  near  future 
to  warrant  the  development  of  its  curriculum 
into  a  full  university  course.  Accordingly  a 
committee   was    appointed   to    obtain   the 
charter,  which  was  granted  by  the  Ontario 
Legislature  at   its  session  in  1887,  and  in 
accordance  with  a  universal  feeling  amongst 
the  Baptists  of  the  country,  the  name  of 
McMaster  University  was  given  to  the  new 
institution.      This   charter   embraces  both 
Woodstock  and  Toronto  Baptist   colleges. 
The  Hon.  Mr.  McMaster  during  his  lifetime 
held  several  important  financial  and  other 
offices.     As  well  as  being  a  director  of  the 
R 


Bank  of  Commerce,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
University  Senate,  president  of  the  Free- 
bold  Permanent  Building  and  Savings  So- 
ciety, vice-president  of  the  Confederation 
Life  Association,  director  of  the  Toronto 
General  Trusts  Company;  of  the  Welling- 
ton, Grey  and  Bruce  Railway  Company,  etc, 
His  whole  estate  is  valued  at  $1,200,000. 
He  had  been  twice  married — first,  in  1851, 
to  Miss  Henderson,  of  New  York,  who  died 
in  1868;  secondly,  in  1871,  to  his  present 
wife,  Susan  Molton,  widow  of  James  Fraser, 
of  Newburgh-on-the-Hudson,  N.Y.  He  had 
no  children. 

Itutlicrrord,  John,  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  the  County  of  Grey,  Owen  Sound, 
Ontario,  was,  born  at  Toronto,  on  the  9th 
February,  1839.  His  parents  were  Peter 
Rutherford  and  Martha  Henderson,  who 
died  when  he  was  a  mere  lad — the  mother 
in  1844  and  the  father  in  1846.  The  late 
James  Lesslie,  who  then  published  the  To- 
ronto Examiner,  adopted  the  orphan  and 
educated  him  in  the  Toronto  Academy. 
In  this  benevolent  gentleman's  family  he 
remained  until  1851.  During  this  year  he 
was  bound  out  as  an  apprentice  to  Christie 
&  Corbet  to  learn  the  trade  of  iron  moulder 
at  Owen  Sound,  and  at  this  trade  he  worked 
for  six  years.  In  1857,  business  becoming 
very  depressed  throughout  the  country,  es- 
pecially that  in  iron,  Mr.  Rutherford  was 
forced  to  look  for  some  other  means  to  earn 
a  livelihood.  Having  fortunately  learned 
during  his  boyhood,  in  the  Examiner  office, 
the  art  of  setting  type,  he  found  temporary 
employment  as  a  compositor  on  the  old 
Comet  newspaper;  and  somg  time  after- 
wards got  on  the  staff  of  The  Times.  A 
few  years  later  on,  he,  in  conjunction  with 
David  Creighton,  now  M.P.P.  for  North 
Grey,  bought  out  this  paper,  which  was 
conducted  by  them,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Rutherford  &  Creighton,  until  1868,  when 
the  partnership  was  dissolved  and  the  plant 
divided,  Mr.  Creighton  retaining  The  Times 
and  Mr.  Rutherford  the  job  department. 
Since  then  his  business  has  steadily  grown, 
bookbinding  has  been  added,  and  his  office 
is  now  one  of  the  institutions  of  the  thriving 
town  of  Owen  Sound.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  town  council  in  1875,'76,  '77  and '79; 
High  School  trustee  in  1884,  '85,  and  '86, 
and  has  been  re- appointed  to  fill  the  office 
for  another  term.  He  was  chosen  by  ac- 
clamation to  fill  the  office  of  mayor  for 
1885  and  1886,  and  faithfuUy  served  the 


290 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


people  during  his  term.  In  August,  1866, 
he  joined  the  Masonic  brotherhood,  and  is 
now  a  past  master  of  St.  George's  lodge. 
He  is  also  second  principal  of  Georgian 
Chapter,  No.  56,  K.A.M.  He  takes  a  deep 
interest  in  the  Ancient  Order  of  United 
Workmen,  and  is  one  of  its  past  district 
deputy  masters  of  the  Georgian  district. 
Mr.  Rutherford  is  an  adherent  of  the  Meth- 
odist church;  and  in  politics  is  a  Liberal- 
Conservative.  He  has  been  twice  married, 
and  has  had  a  family  of  ten  children,  nine 
sons  and  one  daughter;  two  of  his  sons 
have  died. 

Kerr,  William,  M.A.,  Q.C.,  LL.D., 
Barrister,  Cobourg,  Ontario,  was  born  in 
the  township  of  Ameliasburg,  in  the  county 
of  Prince  Edward.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late 
Francis  Kerr,  formerly  of  Enniskillen,  in 
the  county  of  Fermanagh,  Ireland,  who  for 
some  years  taught  school  in  Prince  Ed- 
ward, and  afterwards  removed  to  the  coun- 
ty of  Hastings.  After  the  death  of  his 
father  and  mother,  which  occurred  when 
he  was  a  child,  Mr.  Kerr  removed  with 
his  half-sister  and  her  husband  to  the  town- 
ship of  Clarke,  where  he  worked  on  their 
farm  and  went  to  school.  He  prepared 
for  college  under  Dr.  William  Ormiston, 
now  of  the  Collegiate  Reformed  (Dutch) 
Church,  New  York,  who  at  that  time  was 
the  Presbyterian  minister  at  Newtonville, 
and  kept  a  private  academy.  He  entered 
Victoria  College  at  Cobourg  as  a  senior 
matriculant  in  1852,  and  graduated  in  the 
arts  department  in  1855.  The  class  con- 
sisted of  four,  all  now  living,  viz.,  Dr. 
Carman,  senior  superintendent  of  the  Me- 
thodist church ;  Dr.  Moses  Aikins,  the  well- 
known  physician  in  the  county  of  Peel; 
Dr.  E.  B.  Ryckman,  ex-president  of  the 
London  Conference;  and  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  He  studied  law  in  the  office 
of  Smith  and  Armour  at  Cobourg,  and  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the  town  of 
Cobourg,  September,  1858.  His  brother, 
John  W.  Kerr,  who  was  appointed  county 
attorney  and  clerk  of  the  peace  in  1877,  on 
the  elevation  of  Mr.  Armour  to  the  bench, 
joined  him  in  1860.  They  have  the  larg- 
est practice  in  the  united  counties  of  North- 
umberland and  Durham.  He  entered  the 
town  council  in  1862,  and  served  as  a  coun- 
cillor for  five  years.  In  1867  he  was  elect- 
ed mayor,  and  was  elected  five  times  in  suc- 
cesrion  by  acclamation  to  the  same  office. 
On  presenting  himself  for  the  sixth  time 


he  was  opposed,  but,  after  a  hot  contest, 
in  which  he  was  supported  by  the  leaders 
of  both  political  parties,  he  was  re-elected 
by  175  majority.  Although  frequently 
urged  to  enter  into  political  life,  it  was 
not  until  1874,  on  Mr.  Armour's  (now  Mr. 
Justice  Armour)  refusing  the  Liberal  nom- 
ination for  the  House  of  Commons,  that 
he  consented  to  do  so,  when  he  entered 
the  field  about  three  weeks  before  the  elec- 
tion, and  defeated  the  Hon.  James  Cock- 
burn,  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, by  231  majority.  He  was  unseated, 
however,  on  petition,  but  was  re-elected 
over  the  Hon.  Sidney  Smith,  ex-postmaster- 
general,  by  155  majority.  He  was  an  un- 
successful candidate  in  1878,  1882,  and 
1885,  being  defeated  by  narrow  majorities, 
owing  to  the  influence  of  the  so-called 
national  policy  and  the  opportune  building 
of  government  works  in  his  constituency,  in 
the  years  1882  and  1885.  In  politics  he  is 
a  strong  Liberal,  and  a  warm  admirer  of 
the  Hon.  Edward  Blake.  For  many  years 
past  he  has  been  one  of  the  most  active 
Liberals  in  the  united  counties  of  North- 
umberland and  Durham,  taking  part  in  all 
election  contests  in  West  Northumberland, 
and  lending  a  helping  hand  whenever  occa- 
sion required  in  the  neighboring  ridings. 
He  was  president  of  the  Liberal  Association 
of  West  Northumberland  from  1878  to  1882, 
and  is  vice-chancellor  of  Victoria  Univer- 
sity, to  which  position  he  has  been  twice 
elected  by  the  almost  unanimous  vote  of 
the  graduates.  He  married  Myra,  third 
daughter  of  the  late  John  Field,  a  well 
known  and  highly  respected  merchant  of 
Cobourg,  and  sister  of  John  C.  Field,  ex- 
M.P.P.,  and  C.  C.  Field,  M.P.P.  Has  seven 
children,  four  sons  and  three  daughters. 

I>avicl,  Laurent  Olivier,  Barrister, 
Montreal,  M.P.P.  for  Montreal  East,  was 
born  at  Sault-au-Recollet,  county  of  Hoche- 
laga,  near  Montreal,  on  the  24th  of  March, 
184  .  His  father  was  Major  Stanislas  David, 
of  Sault  au-Recollet.  Young  David  was 
educated  at  the  Seminary  of  Ste.  Therese, 
in  which  institution  he  underwent  a  thor- 
ough course  of  classical  studies.  On  his 
leaving  college  he  entered  the  law  office  of 
Mousseau  &  Labelle,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  at  the  bar  of  the  province  of  Que- 
bec, in  August,  1864.  Like  the  majority 
of  the  French  Canadian  youths  who  leave 
college  possessing  high  class  and  interest- 
ing lore,  but  totally  unfit  for  the  battle 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


.291'. 


of  life,  Mr.  David  had  to  fight  his  way 
through  the  world  without  help.  As  he 
had  a  natural  penchant  for  writing,  and 
a  facile  pen,  he  soon  made  his  way  to  the 
press  and  was  an  able  and  welcome  con- 
tributor to  the  daily  newspapers  and  peri- 
odicals of  the  time.  In  1870,  when  George 
E.  Desbarats,  a  son  of  the  Queen's  printer, 
founded  V Opinion  Publique,  a  twelve-page 
pictorial  weekly,  he  was  chosen  as  chief 
editor  of  the  publication,  and  a  better  choice 
could  hardly  be  made.  The  paper  was 
published  until  1884,  when  it  collapsed, 
owing  to  various  causes,  after  having  reached 
a  subscription  list  of  over  fifteen  thousand. 
It  may  be  said  that  the  newspaper  failed  on 
account  of  having  received  too  much  en- 
couragement, because  in  the  province  of 
Quebec  as  elsewhere,  a  great  number  seem 
to  think  that  when  they  have  subscribed 
for  a  newspaper,  it  does  not  matter  much 
to  the  publisher  and  editor  whether  the 
subscription  is  paid  or  not.  Among  the 
collaborateurs  to  U  Opinion  Publique  may 
be  more  especially  mentioned  the  Hon.  J. 
A.  Chapleau,  the  late  Hon.  Justice  Mous- 
seau,  A.  C.  DeCelles,  the  present  chief  lib- 
rarian of  parliament,  C.  A.  Dansereau.  the 
brilliant  and  gifted  editor  of  La  Presse, 
and  many  others.  In  1874,  Mr.  David,  in 
conjunction  with  Mr.  Beausoleil,  founded 
Le  Bien  Public,  a  daily  paper  published  in 
the  interests  of  the  Liberal  party,  taking 
the  place  of  Le  Pa>/s,  the  organ  of  the  ad- 
vanced liberals  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
which  had  been  founded  on  the  ruins  of 
VAvenir,  the  first  Liberal  paper  of  note  in 
Canada,  published  by  Messrs.  Dorion,  and 
having  on  its  staff  at  different  periods,  N. 
Aubin,  L.  A.  Dessaulles,  Joseph  Doutre, 
and  a  score  of  other  Liberal  writers.  Le 
Bien  Public  was  in  turn  superseded  by  Le 
National,  founded  by  the  late  Hon.  M.  La- 
framboise,  who  lost  both  his  money  and  his 
health  in  the  enterprise,  and  was  finally  re- 
warded by  his  party  with  an  appointment 
to  the  bench  a  few  years  before  his  death. 
La  Patrie  was  the  next  journalistic  Liberal 
venture,  in  1879,  and,  for  a  wonder,  it  proved 
a  financial  success  under  the  energetic  and 
able  management  of  Honore  Beaugrand. 
Le  Temps  also  came  out  as  an  exponent  of 
liberal  views  in  1881,  but  the  shareholders 
having  fallen  into  the  same  error  as  their 
predecessors,  placed  a  man  totally  unfit  for 
the  position  at  its  head;  and  as  a  natural 
consequence  the  paper  lived  only  a  few 


months.  A  fearless  exponent  of  the  Liberal 
programme,  La  Patrie  probably  did  more 
to  advance  the  cause  of  liberalism  in  the 
province  of  Quebec  than  any  other  news- 
paper. Mr.  Beaugrand,  who  is  not  only 
an  able  financier,  but  also  a  judge  of  liter- 
ary merits,  grouped  together  the  young 
writers  of  the  new  school,  led  by  Buies  and 
Frechette.  In  their  ranks  were  found  Ar- 
thur Globensky,  the  graceful  poet ;  the  late 
T.  H.  Bienvenu,  the  profound  political 
writer  ;  Ernest  Tremblay  (now  editor  of 
L1  Union,  St.  Hyacinthe);  J.  E.  Robidoux, 
M.P.P.  for  Chateauguay,  and  a  score  of 
others.  Mr.  David,  who  is  an  uncompro- 
mising Liberal,  and  who  never  faltered  in 
his  political  principles,  was  a  more  or  less 
frequent  contributor  to  most  of  these  news- 
papers. Besides  his  contributions  to  the 
press  he  found  time  to  publish  a  volume 
entitled  "  Biographies  et  Portraits  de  nos 
principaux  Canadiens-Frangais,"  and  an- 
other entitled  "Patriotes  de  1837-38." 
The  mantle  of  the  greatest  and  most  popu- 
lar tribune  whom  French  Canada  will  for- 
ever honor  and  remember,  Papineau,  who 
contributed  more  than  any  other  to  preserve 
intact  the  rights  and  privileges  guaranteed 
to  the  conquered  race  by  the  Treaty  of 
Utrecht,  may  be  said  to  have  fallen  on 
the  shoulders  of  Mr.  David  ;  no  national 
fete,  no  popular  demonstration  is  complete 
without  him;  and  since  1864  he  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  all  the  national  move- 
ments. He  is  considered  in  the  province 
of  Quebec  as  the  standard-bearer  of  nation- 
al ideas;  yet  he  is  ever  willing  and  ready 
to  grant  to  other  races  the  rights  he  asks 
for  his  own  race.  His  pen  and  voice  (he 
is  a  fluent  and  agreeable  speaker)  have 
always  been  employed  in  the  defence  of 
right  and  to  elevate  the  standard  of  pub- 
lic opinion  among  his  countrymen,  and 
to  convince  them  that  true  and  effective 
patriotism,  national  and  religious  strength 
consist  more  of  deeds  than  of  words  and 
noisy  affirmations  and  declarations,  and  he 
often  said  boldly  on  public  platforms  that 
he  would  not  encourage  injustice  towards 
other  nationalities  to  please  his  countrymen, 
even  should  the  madness  of  a  few  irre- 
sponsible penny-a-liners,  who  are  paid  to 
carry  on  their  nefarious  work,  goad  them 
to  reprisals.  In  1886,  Mr.  David  presented 
himself  to  the  suffrages  of  the  voters  of 
Montreal  East,  and  carried  the  day  against 
two  formidable  opponents,  the  Hon.  L.  O. 


292 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Tallinn,  premier  of  the  province,  probably 
the  most  influential  man  the  Conservatives 
could  bring  forward,  and  Adelard  Gravel, 
the  nominee  of  the  Labor  party,  who 
polled  the  entire  labor  vote  of  the  consti- 
tuency. The  Reformers,  however,  rallied 
around  their  standard-bearer,  and  by  pre- 
senting a  united  front,  succeeded  in  elect- 
ing him  by  a  handsome  majority.  Mr. 
David  was  a  partner  in  the  law  firm  of 
Longpre'  and  David.  Mr.  Longpre  was 
appointed  September,  1887,  prothonotary 
of  the  Superior  Court  for  the  district  of 
Montreal  by  the  Mercier  administration.  In 
religion  he  is  a  Roman  Catholic  of  broad 
views.  He  married,  in  1868,  Albina  Chenet, 
a  daughter  of  Pierre  Chenet.  She  died  in 
August,  1887.  He  is  the  father  of  eleven 
children,  one  son  and  ten  daughters. 

Mount  castle,  Clara  II.  ("Caris 
Sima"),  Clinton,  Ontario,  is  the  third  sur- 
viving daughter,  and  seventh  child  of  the 
late  Sydney  Harman  Mountcastle,  and 
Frances  Laura,  his  wife,  and  was  born  in 
Clinton,  Ontario,  on  the  26th  of  November, 
1837.  She  is  descended  on  her  father's 
side  from  James,  eldest  son  of  Lord  Claude 
Hamilton,  who  was  created  Baron  of  Mount- 
castle  and  Kilpatrick  on  the  10th  July, 
1606  ;  and  on  her  mother's  side  from  an 
eminent  civil  engineer,  who  died  in  the 
year  1811,  aged  92,  and  was  buried  at  Pres- 
ton, East  Lothian,  Scotland,  where  the  fol- 
lowing lines  are  inscribed  on  his  tombstone  : 
— "  To  the  memory  of  Andrew  Meikle,  who 
steadily  pursued  the  example  of  his  ances- 
tors, and  by  inventing  and  bringing  to 
perfection  a  machine  for  separating  corn 
from  straw,  constructed  on  the  principle  of 
velocity,  rendered  to  the  agriculturists  of 
Britain  and  other  nations  a  more  beneficial 
service  than  any  hitherto  recorded  in  the 
annals  of  ancient  or  modern  science."  Her 
maternal  grandfather,  James  Meikle,  held  a 
prominent  position  in  his  Majesty's  Ord- 
nance Department,  with  headquarters  in 
the  Tower  of  London,  and  was  frequently 
consulted  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington  upon 
the  defences  of  the  country  during  the 
Peninsular  campaign.  And  we  can  well 
imagine,  from  the  massive  intellect  dis- 
played in  a  portrait  of  this  gentleman  now 
in  possession  of  Miss  Mountcastle,  that  the 
"  Iron  Duke  "  had  no  mean  adviser.  Mr. 
Mountcastle,  father  of  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  was  born  in  London,  England,  on 
the  32th  of  January,  1803,  and  came  to 


Canada  in  1832,  bringing  with  him  his  wife, 
who  still  survives,  and  two  children,  who 
died  shortly  after  his  arrival.  Having  a 
small  capital  he  purchased  land  on  the 
Huron  Road,  county  of  Huron,  Ontario, 
and  erected  two  dwellings,  at  different  per- 
iods, on  the  same.  The  latest  of  these  is 
the  childhood's  home  of  "  Caris  Sima,"  a 
small  picture  of  which,  executed  in  oil, 
now  hangs  on  the  wall  of  her  studio  in 
Clinton,  and  represents  a  low  hewn  log 
dwelling,  with  gables  to  the  road,  as  de- 
scribed in  her  poem,  "  Lost,"  and  literally 
embowered  in  trees  and  flowers.  We  clip 
the  following  from  an  obituary  notice  that 
appeared  in  a  local  paper  at  the  time  of  her 
father's  death.  Alluding  to  him,  the  writer 
says,  "  He  made  a  good  clearing  on  his 
land,  and  erected  a  comfortable  dwelling, 
which  in  later  years,  as  his  young  family 
grew  up,  became  a  seat  of  refined  and  cor- 
dial hospitality,  the  remembrance  of  which 
will  be  long  retained  by  the  many  friends 
who  were  privileged  to  enjoy  it."  Miss 
Mountcastle  received  the  chief  portion  of 
her  education  at  home,  under  the  direct 
supervision  of  her  parents.  When  a  child 
she  was  dreamy  and  reflective,  rarely  rous- 
ing from  a  state  of  abstraction  unless  to 
defend  anyone  whom  she  thought  injured 
or  oppressed,  or  to  comfort  her  pets  when 
in  pain  or  trouble.  Her  sympathy  with  the 
dumb  creatures  of  the  universe  was  intense. 
If  she  discovered  a  caterpillar  on  her  clothes, 
she  would  try  to  think  where  it  came  from, 
and  would  walk  a  long  distance  to  restore  it 
to  its  "  afflicted  family."  Oftentimes  would 
she  carry  tiny  toads  in  her  little  pinafore, 
and  would  take  them  in  her  hands  to  warm 
them,  saying  "  They  were  so  cold,  poor 
things."  And  when  a  trap  was  set  to  catch 
mice,  she  would  listen  for  the  click,  then 
silently  release  the  little  prisoner.  In  win- 
ter her  chief  pleasure  seemed  to  be  found 
in  gazing  at  the  glowing  embers  in  the 
wide,  open  fireplace,  and  she  seldom  joined 
in  the  romps  of  the  other  children.  She 
did  not  care  for  study  in  these  days.  At 
twelve  years  of  age  she  knew  little  more 
than  her  letters,  and  was  dubbed  "  the  dunce 
of  the  family,"  This  roused  in  her  a  desire 
to  excel,  and  from  that  time  she  acquired 
the  rudiments  of  knowledge  with  remark- 
able rapidity.  Long  ere  this  she  showed  a 
decided  talent  for  drawing,  which  was  care- 
fully fostered  by  her  father  and  mother, 
both  of  whom  possessed  considerable  artis- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


293 


tic  taste — her  mother  being  a  good  ama- 
teur artist,  and  her  father  an  excellent 
judge  of  a  picture.  Yet  they  were  not 
qualified  to  bring  forth  the  latent  powers 
of  their  child,  else  her  name  had  been  known 
long  before  1870,  when  she  exhibited  at  the 
Provincial  Exhibition  at  Toronto,  carry  ing 
off  five  prizes  for  paintings  in  water  colors. 
From  this  time  she  made  art  her  profession, 
being  utterly  unconscious  of  a  still  greater 
talent  yet  to  be  developed,  and  which  her 
devotion  to  art  as  a  means  of  livelihood 
seems  for  a  time  to  have  entirely  obscured. 
Though  her  father  knew  her  ability,  and 
tried  to  induce  her  to  write,  yet  her  natural 
diffidence  prevented  her,  and  it  was  not 
until  1879  that,  through  the  urgent  en- 
treaties of  her  sister  Ellen,  she  turned  her 
attention  to  literature.  Miss  Mountcastle 
is,  in  every  sense,  what  is  termed  "  a  late 
ripe."  Not  only  was  she  backward  in  her 
studies  as  a  child,  but  she  remained  a  child 
for  an  unprecedentedly  long  period  of  time. 
At  the  age  of  twenty  she  was  an  unformed 
girl,  and  continued  growing  in  stature  for 
some  years  afterwards.  As  an  artist,  we 
would  say  that  her  sketches  are  masterly, 
and  embrace  almost  every  conceivable  sub- 
ject, but  she  has  not  yet  attained  that  high 
finish  which  only  study  under  the  best  mas- 
ters caa  give.  It  is  in  the  field  of  letters 
where  she  excels.  The  power,  the  pathos, 
and  passion  of  her  writings  bespeak  for  her 
a  high  place  in  the  literature  of  this  and 
the  future  ages.  Her  first  work,  "  The  Mis- 
sion of  Love,"  published  by  Hunter,  Rose 
and  Co.,  Toronto,  is  well  described  by  J. 
E.  Collins,  in  "  The  Life  and  Times  of 
Sir  John  A.  Macdonald,"  as  "a  garden  in 
which  there  are  several  unseemly  weeds 
growing  side  by  side  with  a  number  of  de- 
lightful flowers."  These  weeds  were  an 
error  in  judgment.  Many  poets  have  erred 
in  the  same  way,  and  afterwards  tried  to 
suppress  their  early  work,  but  the  flowers 
are  imperishable.  As  in  art,  so  also  in  litera- 
ture, Miss  Mountcastle' s  genius  is  peculiarly 
versatile.  No  poet  living  or  dead  ever  wrote 
in  such  varied  style.  Hear  the  music  in 
"The  Voice  of  the  Waters."  Mark  the 
light  debonair  tone  in  "  See  that  he  be  vir- 
tuously brought  up,"  and  yet  how  full  of 
feeling  and  reverence  ;  while  the  airy  grace 
of  her  lyrics  (valentines),  combined  with 
rare  delicacy  of  feeling,  is  inimitable,  and 
shows  the  writer  entertains  higher  views  of 
love  than  are  likely  ever  to  be  realized  in 


this  mundane  sphere.  And  what  exquisite 
delicacy  of  thought  is  apparent  in  "  Reflec- 
tions on  a  Faded  Rose,"  "  At  the  Falling  of 
the  Leaf,"  "  Day  Dreaming,"  "  Art  Thou 
Thinking  of  Me  ?  "  etc.  While  what  depth 
of  pathos  is  felt  in  the  wailing  of  "  Hope 
Deferred."  But  it  is  in  her  unpublished 
work,  some  of  which  we  have  seen,  that  her 
genius  becomes  more  apparent.  Unsur- 
passed by  modern  poet  is  the  verse  wherein 
she  reproaches  the  sea  for  causing  the  death 
of  Sappho,  the  celebrated  Greek  poetess : 

Oh,  sea,  had'st  thou  no  power  to  save, 
Could'st  thou  not  raise  that  glorious  face  ; 
Nor  let  thy  suffocating  breath, 
That  heaven-born  life  of  song  erase  ; 
Nor  calm  that  wild  heart  unto  death. 

And  grand  enough  for  Milton  are  the  con- 
cluding lines  : 

Oh,  cold,  cold  wave,  that  pressed  her  cheek, 
I  hear  thy  murmuring  undertone. 
For  ages  wilt  thou  sob  and  moan, 
In  vain  repentance  o'er  thy  deed  : 
The  howling  winds  shall  lash  thy  breast, 
And  zephyrs  mourn  around  thy  shore, 
And  murmur  all  thy  rocks  along  ; 
And  thou,  who  stilled  the  voice  of  song, 
Thy  deep  great  heart  shall  know  no  rest- 
Shall  know  no  peace  for  evermore. 

Of  Miss  Mountcastle' s  prose  writing,  we 
would  say,  that  her  novelette,  "  A  Mystery," 
lately  published  by  Hunter,  Rose  &  Co., 
Toronto,  shows,  as  a  first  work,  great  abi- 
lity. It  is  written  in  a  pleasing,  vivacious 
style.  We  take  the  following  extract  from 
a  local  paper,  which  does  it  no  more  than 
justice  :  "  The  plot  is  good,  the  moral  in- 
culcated equally  so.  The  characters  are 
well  sustained.  There  is  much  wit  and 
dry  humor  in  their  development,  and  the 
sketches  of  character  and  scenes  show  a 
close  observation  of  nature  ;  and  without 
being  in  any  way  sensational,  the  interest 
in  the  story  is  well  sustained  to  the  end." 
We  would  here  remark,  that  the  beautiful 
lines  that  appear  in  this  volume,  under  the 
title  of  "  Only  a  Little  While,"  emanate 
from  the  pen  of  the  author's  sister,  Ellen, 
who  has  written  several  short  poems  of  much 
merit.  Miss  Mountcastle  has  written  three 
essays  on  questions  of  the  day,  showing 
great  power  and  originality  of  thought, 
and  is  now  engaged  on  a  tale  of  Canadian 
life,  entitled,  "  Crow's  Hollow,"  which  we 
hope  soon  to  see  in  print.  To  sum  up  the 
whole,  we  feel  assured  that,  though  now 
comparatively  unknown,  "  Caris  Sima  "  will 
ere  long  be  recognized  as  one  of  the  greatest 


294 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


poets  of  her  time,  and  likewise  rank  as  one 
of  the  most  brilliant  writers  of  fiction,  on 
account  of  the  vivid  life,  and  intense  human 
feeling,  that  is  evinced  in  all  her  writings, 
whether  in  prose  or  verse.  "Carissima," 
that  well-known  Italian  term  of  endearment, 
from  which  she  derives  her  nom  de  plume, 
was  an  appellation  conferred  upon  her  in 
early  girlhood  by  her  father's  friend,  the 
late  Henry  William  Cole,  M.D.,  a  physician 
of  great  ability,  to  whom  she  was  much  at- 
tached, and  is  well  adapted  to  the  sweet, 
tender,  womanly  style  of  her  writings,  which 
show  that,  though  in  childhood  she  dwelt 
in  a  wilderness,  she  was  reared  in  the  lap  of 
refinement.  As  a  girl,  "  Caris  Sima  "  was 
peculiarly  simple  and  unsophisticated,  and 
these  traits  of  character  still  cling  to  her,  as 
she,  even  now,  gives  little  attention  to  the 
conventionalities  of  life.  In  stature,  she  is 
tall  and  commanding.  Her  features,  which 
are  irregular,  are  marked,  when  in  repose, 
by  an  expression  that  might  be  termed  sad, 
severe  or  stern  ;  but  when  she  speaks  or 
smiles,  her  whole  face  illuminates  like  the 
sun  breaking  through  a  cloud,  and  she  keeps 
on  illuminating  with  expressions  as  versatile 
as  her  genius.  In  conclusion,  we  may  say 
Miss  Mountcastle  is  one  of  a  family  of 
twelve  children,  seven  of  whom  died  in  in- 
fancy and  early  childhood.  Of  her  sisters, 
Ellen,  the  eldest  surviving,  is,  as  we  have 
already  mentioned,  a  clever  writer  of  fugi- 
tive verse.  Eliza,  the  second  daughter,  is 
an  amateur  artist,  and  we  may  likewise  say 
an  amateur  physician,  as  she  studied  medi- 
cine for  six  years  under  the  late  Dr.  Cole, 
and  practises  among  her  own  family  with 
great  success.  The  youngest,  Alice,  is  mar- 
ried, and  has  one  child,  a  bright  boy,  who 
seems  likely  to  follow  in  the  footsteps  of  his 
mother's  race.  While  her  only  surviving 
brother,  Edmund  Mountcastle,  is  a  practi- 
cal engineer  of  rare  abilities,  and,  as  we 
have  seen,  a  descendant  of  the  Andrew  Mei- 
kle  before  mentioned,  who  was  the  first 
inventor  of  the  threshing  machine  now  in 
use. 

Williams  Rev.  John  Tllim  ul<l. 
D.D.,  Toronto,  a  General  Superintendent 
of  the  Methodist  church. — Dr.  Williams  is 
one  of  the  most  notable  figures  in  the  his- 
tory of  Canadian  Methodism.  For  over 
forty  years  he  has  been  intimately  identifi- 
ed with  its  progress,  and  has  deservedly, 
and  with  universal  acceptance,  attained  the 
highest  position  in  the  gift  of  that  church. 


Dr.  Williams  is  a  man  who  would  anywhere 
command  attention.  He  bears  his  seventy 
years  with  wonderful  vigor.  His  fresh  com- 
plexion, keen  bright  eyes,  and  remarkable 
alertness  and  energy,  both  of  body  and  mind, 
seem  to  belong  to  a  much  younger  man.  He 
comes  of  sturdy  Welsh  stock,  as  his  name — 
John  ^Ethuruld  Williams — indicates.  He 
was  born  at  Caermarthen,  in  South  Wales, 
December  19th,  1817.  He  early  lost  his 
father,  and  was  deprived  of  his  only  remain- 
ing parent  at  the  age  of  twelve.  He  was 
thrown  into  the  world  of  London,  and  there 
learned  to  develop  that  independence  and 
energy  of  character  by  which  he  is  marked. 
He  received  a  good  education  at  the  Aca- 
demy of  Hoxton,  near  London.  He  came 
to  Canada  in  his  seventeenth  year,  and  found 
a  home  in  the  town  of  Prescott,  where  the 
early  years  of  his  Canadian  life  were  spent. 
He  united  with  the  Wesley  an  Methodist 
church  two  years  later,  and  for  some  time 
was  engaged  in  secular  business.  His  tal- 
ents and  religious  zeal  led  to  his  entering  the 
Methodist  ministry  in  the  year  1846,  and  to 
his  ordination  in  1850.  He  soon  reached  a 
leading  position  in  the  ministry,  and  in 
1859  was  elected  chairman  of  the  Owen 
Sound  district.  Such  was  the  fitness  which 
he  evinced  for  that  office  that  he  has  gener- 
ally been  elected  chairman  of  the  districts 
in  which  his  pastoral  charge  has  been  situ- 
ated. He  has  occupied  several  of  the  lead- 
ing pulpits  of  the  Methodist  church:  in  To- 
ronto, London,  Port  Hope,  Brockville, 
Milton,  Simcoe,  St.  Thomas,  Goderich,  St. 
Catharines,  etc.  When  the  London  confer- 
ence was  organized  in  1874,  he  was  ap- 
pointed its  first  president,  in  which  office  he 
was  continued  for  a  second  term.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  general  conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  of  the  United 
States  in  1876.  In  1878  he  received  from 
Victoria  University,  in  recognition  of  his 
wide  reading,  his  general  culture,  and  his 
distinguished  ability,  the  degree  of  D.D. 
At  the  general  conference  of  1882  he  was 
elected  vice-president  of  that  body;  and  at 
the  united  general  conference  of  1883,  at 
which  arrangements  for  the  unification  of 
Canadian  Methodism  were  completed,  he 
was  unanimously  elected  president.  The 
duties  of  this  delicate  and  difficult  position, 
at  an  important  crisis  in  the  history  of  the 
church,  he  discharged  with  such  ability  and 
impartiality  as  to  command  the  admiration 
of  the  entire  body.  At  the  Centennial 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


295 


Conference  of  American  Methodism,  which 
met  in  Baltimore,  in  1884,  Rev.  Dr.  Wil- 
liams and  the  Kev.  Dr.  Gardiner  were  the 
Canadian  delegates.  On  that  occasion  Dr. 
Williams  read  an  able  paper,  which  com- 
manded much  attention,  on  the  rise  and 
progress  of  Canadian  Methodism.  On  the 
lamented  death  of  Kev;  Dr.  Rice,  in  1885,  it 
was  the  Kev.  Dr.  Williams  whom  the  exe- 
cutive committee  of  the  general  conference 
selected  as  his  successor  in  the  office  of 
general  superintendent  till  the  ensuing  gen- 
eral conference.  So  ably  did  he  discharge 
the  important  duties  of  that  office  that 
the  general  conference  of  1886,  by  an  al- 
most unanimous  vote,  re-elected  him  to  that 
position.  In  association  with  his  colleague, 
the  Kev.  Dr.  Carman,  he  has  travelled  with 
indefatigable  energy  throughout  the  length 
and  breadth  of  the  Dominion  in  promotion 
of  the  varied  interests  of  the  church  of 
which  he  is  a  general  superintendent. 

Ker,  Rev.  Robert,  Kector  of  Trin- 
ity Church,  Mitchell,  Ontario. — The  subject 
of  this  brief  biographical  notice  was  born 
in  the  North  of  Ireland,  some  time  about 
the  year  1842  or  '43,  and  is  the  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Kobert  Ker,  of  Newbliss,  county 
Monaghan.  Having  received  an  excellent 
common  school  education,  and  being  very 
zealous  in  Sunday-school  and  other  Chris- 
tian work  in  his  native  place,  it  was  in- 
tended that  he  should  enter  the  ministry  of 
the  Church  of  England ;  but  circumstances 
for  the  moment  turned  his  thoughts  in 
another  direction.  So  early  as  1857,  Mr. 
Ker  organized  a  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  in  his  native  town,  and  although 
quite  unaware  of  the  ultimate  development 
of  the  movement,  or  of  the  parties  even 
then  working  in  it,  the  rules  he  drew  up 
for  the  management  of  the  association  would 
be  found  to  be  not  much  dissimilar  from 
the  leading  features  of  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  work  at  the  present.  At 
a  very  early  period  Mr.  Ker  evinced  a 
marked  taste  for  newspaper  writing,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  controversy  re- 
specting the  more  general  adoption  of  the 
National  School  system  of  education  by  the 
Protestants  of  Ireland.  He  vigorously  de- 
nounced the  system  as  an  unworthy  at- 
tempt to  displace  the  Bible  in  the  public 
schools^  and  succeeded  in  arousing  a  good 
deal  of  local  hostility  to  the  movement. 
About  1862  Mr.  Ker  entered  the  Normal 
Training  College  in  Dublin,  where  his  abil- 


ities as  a  thoughtful  educationist  attracted 
considerable  attention,  and  he  was  awarded 
one  of  the  four  scholarships  at  the  disposal 
of  the  commtttee,  and  on  graduating  from 
the  institution  he  was  one  of  three  placed 
in  the  coveted  rank  of  first  class.  Mr.  Ker 
was  promptly  appointed  to  Lord  Powers- 
court's  chief  school,  which  he  taught  with 
distinguished  success  for  several  years,  and 
was  awarded  four  honorary  certificates  from 
the  Incorporated  Society  for  the  success  of 
his  pupils.  Mr.  Ker  finally  resigned  the 
position,  and  at  the  invitation  of  the  late 
Major  Knox,  proprietor  of  the  Irish  Times, 
Dublin,  he  became  the  special  correspond- 
ent for  that  journal  in  Belfast.  Those  were 
exciting  days  on  the  Irish  press,  and  very 
often  the  collecting  of  news  involved  a  good 
many  personal  risks,  and  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  had  his  full  share  of  them.  Few  of 
the  leading  public  men  of  those  days  were 
unknown  to  Mr.  Ker,  and  many  are  the  in- 
cidents which  he  relates  of  the  events  of 
that  stormy  period,  culminating,  as  it  did, 
in  the  disestablishment  of  the  Irish  Church. 
It  was  Mr.  Ker  who  reported  the  famous 
speech  made  by  the  Rev.  John  Flanagan 
respecting  the  kicking  of  the  Queen's  crown 
into  the  Boyne,  and  which  aroused  the 
wrath  of  the  London  Times,  and  set  the 
country  in  a  blaze.  Mr.  Ker  has  occupied 
at  one  time  or  another  a  position  on  every 
leading  Irish  paper.  Late  in  1872  he  came 
to  Canada,  and  was  immediately  engaged 
on  the  Toronto  Leader,  then  an  influential 
factor  in  Canadian  politics.  He  remained 
on  the  staff  of  the  Leader  for  some  time, 
and  while  there  edited  the  Patriot,  well 
known  for  its  sterling  defence  of  Protestant 
principles.  In  1874,  circumstances  appear- 
ed favorable  for  carrying  out  the  never 
wholly-abandoned  idea  of  entering  the  min- 
istry of  the  church,  and  after  due  matricu- 
lation Mr.  Ker  entered  Trinity  College, 
Toronto,  under  Provost  Whitaker,  and  sub- 
sequently took  charge  of  St.  John's  High 
School,  province  of  Quebec,  as  principal, 
and  it  was  while  occupying  that  position 
that  he  was,  in  1877,  ordained  to  the  dia- 
conate  by  the  Right  Rev.  Dr.  Oxenden,  me- 
tropolitan, who  forthwith  appointed  him  to 
the  mission  of  Chelsea,  Templeton  and 
Portland.  This  was  a  very  trying  district, 
entailing  long  drives  over  bad  roads,  but 
Mr,  Ker  soon  became  a  prime  favorite,  and 
was  greatly  missed  upon  leaving.  During 
his  incumbency  he  had  the  debt  paid  off 


296 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  Chelsea  church  and  a  new  one  conse- 
crated at  Portland.  The  following  year  he 
was  advanced  to  the  priesthood,  and  ap- 
pointed to  succeed  the  late  Eev.  Dr.  Clarke, 
as  incumbent  of  St.  Stephen's  Church,  Buck- 
ingham, province  of  Quebec.  From  there 
he  was  transferred  to  St.  Paul's  Church, 
Mansonville,  and  while  there  he  was  called, 
in  1880,  to  the  rectorship  of  Trinity  Church, 
Quebec  city.  Eev.  Mr.  Ker  labored  in  the 
ancient  capital  for  nearly  seven  years. 
Trinity  congregation  was  by  no  means 
wealthy,  but  he  succeeded  in  gathering 
around  him  an  earnest  body  of  workers,  to 
whom  he  became  greatly  attached,  and  the 
congregation  returned  the  feeling  very 
heartily.  He  purchased  the  church  build- 
ing from  the  Sewell  family  at  $8,300,  and 
paid  off  $4,300  of  the  amount  within  the 
year,  leaving  the  balance  as  a  mortgage 
upon  the  building.  During  the  seven  years 
of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Ker's  pastorate  in  Trinity 
Church,  it  was  a  great  centre  of  attraction 
for  the  young,  and  when  he  decided  upon 
accepting  a  charge  in  Ontario,  the  feeling 
of  regret  was  wide-spread  and  profound. 
For  about  four  years  of  his  residence  in 
Quebec,  Rev.  Mr.  Ker,  in  addition  to  his 
other  duties,  filled  the  position  of  vice-rec- 
tor in  the  Boys'  High  School.  He  was  also 
appointed  by  the  Lieutenant-govern  or-in- 
Council  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Protestant 
Examiners,  and  that  body  subsequently 
elected  him  their  secretary.  Rev.  Mr.  Ker 
was  also  for  a  time  inspector  of  the  schools 
for  the  Colonial  Church  Society  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Quebec,  and  vice-president  of  the 
Quebec  Teachers'  Association  ;  so  that,  al- 
together he  has  rendered  good  service  to 
the  country  of  his  adoption.  As  to  his  theo- 
logical views,  he  wishes  to  be  described 
simply  as  "  a  churchman,"  irrespective  of 
party  distinctions,  which  he  looks  upon  as 
injurious  and  uncalled  for.  In  1863  he 
was  initiated  into  the  Masonic  order  ;  and 
since  then  has  held  a  leading  position  in 
its  ranks,  having  been  elected  worshipful 
master  of  Albion  lodge,  and  subsequently, 
in  1885,  he  was  elected  to  the  position  of 
grand  chaplain  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Que- 
bec, and  re-elected  again  in  1886.  The 
Rev.  Mr.  Ker  has  been  a  constant  contributor 
to  leading  periodicals,  and  is  an  editorial 
writer  of  recognized  ability ;  in  fact,  in  every 
sense  he  has  been  one  of  our  hard  workers. 
As  a  preacher  he  is  held  in  high  esteem,  for, 
while  avoiding  sensationalism  on  the  one 


hand  and  the  dry  conventionalities  of  or- 
dinary preaching  on  the  other,  he  addresses 
himself  in  plain  and  forcible  language  to 
the  wants  of  his  hearers,  and  denounces  in 
vigorous  terms  the  prevailing  hollowness  of 
religious  professors.  He  participated  to 
some  extent  in  the  controversies  carried  on 
by  churchmen  a  few  years  ago,  but  this  he 
very  sincerely  regrets,  believing  as  he  does 
that  unquestioning  loyalty  to  the  Church 
and  Christian  forbearance  to  the  brethren 
are  clear  and  imperative  duties.  On  the 
23rd  August,  1874,  he  was  married  at  New 
Brighton,  S.  I.,  to  Lizzie,  youngest  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Thomas  Wilkin.  Their  family 
consists  of  three  sons  and  two  daughters. 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Ker  is  at  present  rector  of 
Trinity  church,  Mitchell,  in  the  diocese  of 
Huron;  and  his  brother,  the  Rev.  John 
Ker,  is  rector  of  All  Saints  Church,  Dun- 
ham, province  of  Quebec,  in  the  diocese  of 
Montreal,  and  is  esteemed  by  Bishop  Bond 
as  one  of  the  most  active  and  most  success- 
ful missionaries. 

Pelt  on,  Sandford  Harrington, 
Q.C.,  Barrister,  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  was 
born  in  New  York,  on  the  28th  September, 
1845.  His  father  was  Milo  Sandford  Pelton, 
who  was  of  English  descent,  and  his  mother, 
Louisa  Maria  Harrington,  was  a  Nova 
Scotian.  Sandford  received  his  early  edu- 
cational training  at  the  public  school  of 
Antigonish,  Nova  Scotia,  and  studied  clas- 
sics, mathematics,  and  the  higher  branches 
under  the  Rev.  R.  F.  Brine,  Episcopal 
minister  at  Arichat,  Cape  Breton.  He  stu- 
died law  with  the  late  Charles  F.  Harring- 
ton Q.C.,  of  Arichat,  who  for  some  time  re- 
presented Richmond  county  in  the  Nova 
Scotia  legislature,  and  also  with  the  Hon. 
Daniel  Macdonald,  formerly  M.P.P.  for  An- 
tigonish county,  and  attorney -general  for 
Nova  Scotia.  On  the  22nd  October,  1867, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia 
as  a  barrister  and  attorney,  and  commenced 
business  in  Yarmouth,  on  the  20th  Novem- 
ber, 1867,  and  here  he  has  resided  since, 
and  has  built  up  an  extensive  practice.  He 
was  appointed  by  the  Nova  Scotia  govern- 
ment, on  May  27th,  1876,  a  Queen's  coun- 
sel. Mr.  Pelton  is  an  active  Mason,  and 
occupies  a  prominent  position  in  the  order  ; 
is  a  past  district  deputy  grand  master,  and 
a  past  junior  grand  warden  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Nova  Scotia.  In  temperance  work, 
too,  he  has  taken  a  hand,  and  is  a  member 
of  several  societies.  In  politics,  he  is  a 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


297 


Liberal,  and  worked  actively  for  his  party 
during  the  last  elections.  He  is  an  adherent 
of  the  Presbyterian  church.  On  the  16th 
November,  1869,  he  was  married  to  Mary 
Georgina  Darby,  youngest  daughter  of  the 
late  Captain  Jos.  W.  E.  Darby  (who  was 
for  some  years  employed  by  the  Nova  Sco- 
tia government  in  the  fishery  protection 
service  as  commander  of  the  cutter  Daring, 
and  died  on  board  that  vessel  in  1851;  he 
made  quite  a  name  for  himself  by  his  skill 
and  ability  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties), 
and  granddaughter  of  the  late  Superinten- 
dent Darby,  of  Sable  Island. 

Sliake§peare,  Noah,  General  Agent, 
Victoria,  British  Columbia,  M.P.,  for  Victo- 
ria, was  born  at  Brierley  Hill,  Staffordshire, 
England,  on  the  26th  of  January,  1839.  His 
parents  were  Noah  and  Hannah  Shakes- 
peare. The  father  was  a  distant  relation  of 
William  Shakespeare,  the  bard  of  Avon.  Mr. 
Shakespeare  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  place.  He  left 
school  at  an  early  age,  and  being  of  an  in- 
dependent turn  of  mind,  and  anxious  to  get 
on  in  the  world,  he  worked  as  hard  and  as 
long  hours,  as  any  lad  in  England.  Having 
heard  of  British  Columbia  as  a  field  in 
which  a  young  man  might  get  on,  he  deter- 
mined to  try  his  fortune  in  that  far-off  land, 
and  accordingly  left  England,  and  landed  in 
Victoria,  on  the  10th  of  January,  1863,  and 
has  since  that  time  been  a  resident  of  the 

Erovince.  Arriving  like  many  another  poor 
id  in  Canada,  without  scarcely  a  penny  in 
his  pocket,  he  availed  himself  of  the  first 
job  that  offered,  namely,  that  of  a  place  in 
the  Vancouver  collieries.  Here  he  faithfully 
performed  the  duties  assigned  to  him  for 
some  years,  until  he  saw  an  opportunity  of 
bettering  his  condition.  He  then  moved  to 
Victoria  city,  and  began  to  climb  the  path 
which  has  since  led  to  distinction.  His  first 
public  position  was  that  of  councillor,  and 
being  a  workingman  himself,  his  efforts 
during  the  four  years  he  was  in  the  council, 
were  always  directed  in  favour  of  the  work- 
ingman. In  1882,  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
the  city,  by  a  large  majority  of  the  rate- 
payers, and  never,  it  may  be  said,  had  Vic- 
toria a  better  chief  magistrate,  and  its  affairs 
better  managed  than  under  his  administra- 
tion. This  same  year  he  was  elected  pre- 
sident of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  ;  and  at 
the  general  election  of  1882,  he  was  sent  to 
Ottawa,  to  represent  Victoria  in  the  House 
of  Commons  ;  and  again  re-elected  to  the 


same  position  at  the  general  election  in  the 
spring  of  1887.  In  1885,  Mr.  Shakespeare 
was  elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  British 
Columbia  Agricultural  Association  ;  and  in 
1886,  he  was  also  made  president  of  the  Brit- 
ish Columbia  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany, of  which  he  was  the  principal  orga- 
nizer in  Victoria.  He  is  a  friend  of  all  move- 
ments adopted  for  the  good  of  his  race.  He 
was  president  of  the  Anti- Chinese  Associa- 
tion of  Victoria,  in  1879;  was  elected  grand 
worthy  chief  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Good 
Templars  of  Washington  Territory  and 
British  Columbia,  in  1877;  again  elected  to 
the  same  position  in  1878;  and  in  1886,  he 
filled  the  honourable  office  of  president  of 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  of 
Victoria.  In  1884  he  introduced  and  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  carried  a  resolution  in 
favor  of  restricting  Chinese  immigration 
into  the  Dominion  of  Canada.  He  is  a 
justice  of  peace  for  the  Province  of  British 
Columbia.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Liberal- Con- 
servative; and  in  religion,  an  adherent  of 
the  Methodist  church.  On  December  26th, 
1869,  he  was  married  to  Eliza  Jane  Pearson. 
Fielding,  Hon.  William  Steven?, 
Premier  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  M.  P.  P.  for 
the  city  and  county  of  Halifax,  was  born 
at  Halifax,  on  the  24th  of  November,  1848, 
and  is  of  English  descent.  He  was  educated 
in  his  native  city,  and  has  devoted  the 
greater  part  of  his  life  to  journalism.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  the  office  of 
the  Morning  Chronicle,  in  Halifax,  the  lead- 
ing Liberal  paper  in  Nova  Scotia,  as  a  clerk, 
and  gradually  worked  through  the  reporto- 
rial  and  editorial  departments  to  the  posi- 
tion of  managing  editor,  which  office  he  re- 
signed in  1884,  when  called  upon  to  fill  a 
high  position  in  the  government  of  his  na- 
tive province.  During  these  twenty  years, 
he  did  not  confine  his  writing  exclusively  to 
his  own  province,  but  contributed  to  vari- 
ous journals  abroad.  For  fourteen  years 
he  was  connected  with  the  Toronto  Globe, 
as  Nova  Scotia  correspondent.  In  1882,  at 
a  convention  of  the  Liberal  party  held  at 
Halifax,  after  the  resignation  of  the  Thomp- 
son government,  the  positions  of  premier 
and  provincial  secretary  were  offered  to  Mr. 
Fielding,  but  he  declined  the  honor.  He, 
however,  entered  the  administration  of  the 
Hon.W.  T.  Pipes,  on  the  22nd  of  December, 
of  the  same  year,  without  a  portfolio,  having 
previously  declined  the  offer  of  a  seat  in  it. 
In  May,  1884,  he  resigned.  On  the  retire- 


298 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


ment  of  the  Hon.  W.  T.  Pipes,  on  the  15th 
of  July  following,  he  was  called  upon  to 
reorganize  the  cabinet,  which  he  succeeded 
in  doing,  and  became  premier  and  provincial 
secretary,  on  the  28th  of  July,  1884,  and 
this  position  he  still  holds.  He  was  first 
returned  to  the  House  of  Assembly  at  the 
general  election  held  in  1882,  re-elected  on 
his  accepting  office,  20th  of  August,  1884, 
and  again  at  the  last  general  election  in 
1886.  The  Hon.  Mr.  Fielding  is  a  Liberal 
in  politics,  and  favors  the  withdrawal  of 
the  Maritime  provinces  from  the  Canadian 
confederation,  and  the  formation  of  a  Mari- 
time union.  As  will  be  seen,  he  has  for  the 
past  five  years  played  an  important  part  in 
the  politics  of  his  country,  and  being  yet  a 
comparatively  young  man,  there  is  yet  a 
brilliant  future  before  him.  In  religion,  he 
is  attached  to  the  Baptist  church.  On  the 
7th  of  September,  1876,  he  was  married  to 
Hester,  daughter  of  Thomas  A.  Rankine,  of 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick. 

Hetlierington,  George  A.,  M.D., 
L.M.  (Dublin),  St.  John,  New  Brunswick, 
was  born  at  Johnston,  New  Brunswick,  on 
the  17th  March,  1851.  His  father,  James 
Grierson  Hetherington,  was  of  English  de- 
scent, his  father  (the  grandfather  of  the 
subject  of  our  sketch)  having  been  born  in 
England,  and  came  out  to  St.  John,  N.B., 
about  seventy  years  ago,  and  established  a 
merchant  tailoring  business  there,  which 
was  one  of  the  first  in  that  then  very  young 
and  small  city.  Mary  Jane  Clark,  his 
mother,  was  a  native  of  New  Brunswick, 
and  of  U.  E.  loyalist  descent.  George  A. 
Hetherington  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  at  the  place  of  his  birth ;  then  he 
went  to  the  Normal  School  at  St.  John, 
N.B.,  where  he  took  a  teacher's  certificate 
in  1860,  and  taught  school  for  a  short  time. 
Subsequently,  for  two  years,  he  attended 
the  Baptist  Seminary  at  Fredericton,  N.B., 
and  then  spent  a  year  in  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  Michigan, 
United  States.  He  then  received  an  ap- 
pointment in  the  Washtenaw  Almshouse 
Hospital  and  Insane  Asylum,  as  resident 
physician,  and  this  office  he  held  for  a  year, 
during  which  period  he  took  a  partial 
course,  after  the  first  year's  full  course,  in 
the  same  university.  He  then  went  to 
Cincinnati,  where  he  further  prosecuted  his 
studies  in  medicine  and  surgery  in  the 
General  Hospital  and  in  the  Cincinnati 
College,  and  graduated  M.D.,  in  1875.  Re- 


turning  to  his  native  country  he  successfully 
practised  his  profession  for  nearly  five 
years,  and  then  went  to  Great  Britain. 
Here  he  spent  a  short  period  in  the  Edin- 
burgh Royal  Infirmary,  and  then  went  to 
Dublin,  where  he  took  the  full  qualification 
of  Kotunda  Hospital  for  Women  ( Lic.Mid. ) ; 
also  a  special  course  certificate  for  diseases 
of  women  and  children.  After  this  Dr. 
Hetherington  received  an  appointment  in 
the  same  hospital  as  assistant  clinical  in- 
structor and  clerk,  having  charge  of  an  ex- 
tensive maternity  department.  At  the  close 
of  his  engagement  he  returned  to  St.  John, 
N.B.,  in  1882,  and  began  a  general  practice, 
and  is  now  one  of  the  leading  practition- 
ers of  that  city.  He  is  a  licentiate  of  the 
Council  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
New  Brunswick;  and  a  member  of  the  Bri- 
tish Medical  Association.  In  1871  he  at- 
tended the  Military  School  at  Fredericton, 
N.B.,  and  was  the  recipient  of  a  second- 
clas£  certificate.  In  1877  he  was  appointed 
coroner  for  the  county  of  Queens,  and,  after 
removing  to  St.  John,  surgeon  to  the  St. 
John  Firemen's  Mutual  Belief  Association 
in  1885.  The  doctor  is  also  a  past  chan- 
cellor of  the  Knights  of  Pythias;  supreme 
vice-chief  ranger  of  the  Independent  Order 
of  Foresters,  and  past  high  physician  of 
the  same  order,  and  a  member  of  the  bro- 
therhood of  Freemasons.  He  has  travelled 
considerably,  having  visited  all  the  impor- 
tant points  in  the  Maritime  provinces,  Que- 
bec, Ontario,  the  Eastern  States,  New  York, 
Michigan,  Ohio,  Kentucky,  and  Great  Bri- 
tain and  Ireland.  In  politics  he  is  a  Lib- 
eral; and  in  religion  a  Baptist.  He  was 
married  on  5th  September,  1876,  to  Sybil 
Mclntyre,  of  Sussex,  New  Brunswick. 

Wallace,  Joseph  James,  Truro, 
Nova  Scotia,  Superintendent  of  the  Halifax 
and  St.  John  District  of  the  Intercolonial 
Railway,  was  born  in  Albert  county,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  20th  of  April,  1847.  His 
parents  were  David  and  Mary  Wallace.  Mr. 
Wallace  received  his  education  in  the  High 
School,  Hillsboro',  New  Brunswick.  He  en- 
tered the  service  of  the  European  and  North- 
American  Railway  Company,  on  the  25th  of 
May,  1865,  and  continued  in  its  service 
until  November,  1872,  during  which  period 
he  filled  the  various  positions  of  telegraph 
operator  at  Salisbury,  New  Brunswick; 
clerk  and  telegraph  operator  in  the  super- 
intendent's office,  at  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick ;  station  master,  telegraph  operator, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


299 


and  postmaster,  at  Salisbury,  New  Bruns- 
wick ;  assistant  accountant  in  the  superin- 
tendent's office,  at  St.  John,  New  Brunswick; 
and  in  November,  1872,  and  on  the  absorp- 
tion of  the  above  railway  by  the  Intercolonial 
Railway  Company,  he  was  made  auditor  of 
the  latter  company.  This  office  he  held  until 
May,  1883,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the 
more  important  position  of  superintendent 
of  the  Halifax  and  St.  John  district,  which 
office  he  holds  to-day.  Mr.  Wallace  has 
shewn  by  his  integrity,  industry,  and  per- 
severance, what  a  young  man  can  do  when 
he  once  determines  to  rise  in  his  profession. 
In  1870,  he  joined  the  Masonic  brotherhood, 
and  is  now  a  past  master  of  his  parent  lodge. 
In  May  26th,  1868,  he  was  married  to  Euth 
M.  Hopper,  and  the  fruit  of  this  union  has 
been  five  children,  three  of  whom  survive. 

I.o ranger,  Hon.  Louis  Oiie§ime, 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  with  place  of  resi- 
dence in  Montreal,  was  born  at  Ste.  Anne 
d'Yamachiche,  on  the  10th  April,  1837.  He 
is  the  son  of  Joseph  Loranger  and  Marie 
Louise  Dugal,  and  a  brother  to  the  late 
Hon.  Justice  T.  J.  J.  Loranger,  comman- 
deur  of  the  Order  of  Pius  IX.,  who  died  in 
1885;  to  the  late  Rev.  C.  A.  Loranger,  and 
to  J.  M.  Loranger,  Queen's  counsel,  now 
practising  at  the  bar  of  Montreal.  Justice 
Loranger  was  educated  at  the  College  of 
Montreal,  where  he  went  through  a  brilliant 
course  of  classical  studies,  and  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  of  the  province  of  Quebec  on 
the  3rd  of  May,  1858.  He  at  once  entered 
into  partnership  with  his  two  brothers,  the 
late  Hon.  T.  J.  J.  Loranger,  who  was  then 
a  member  of  the  Macdonald-Cartier  admin- 
istration, and  J.  M.  Loranger,  Q.  C.  He 
continued  in  active  practice  of  the  law  until 
the  5th  of  August,  1882,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  puisne  judgeship  of  the  Su- 
perior Court  of  Quebec,  the  position  he 
now  holds.  In  February,  1868,  Judge  Lo- 
ranger was  elected  an  alderman  of  the  city 
of  Montreal,  and  twice  re-elected  by  accla- 
mation. In  1874,  the  citizens  of  Montreal, 
wishing  to  recognize  the  important  services 
he  had  rendered  the  city,  elected  him  vice- 
president  of  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society, 
and  president  of  the  committee  entrusted 
with  the  organization  of  the  celebration  of 
the  Fete  Nationale  of  that  year.  The  sis- 
ter societies  had  been  invited  to  co-operate, 
and  the  invitation  met  with  a  hearty  res- 
ponse from  all  parts  of  the  American  union 


and  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  delegates 
being  sent  from  every  society  on  the  conti- 
nent, and  in  some  cases  societies  themselves 
coming  to  Montreal  with  their  full  member- 
ship. The  idea  of  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste 
Society,  as  founded  by  the  late  Ludger  Du- 
vernay,  in  1834,  had  been  to  form  a  tie  of 
cohesion  among  the  diverse  groups  of 
French  Canadians  who  were  divided  among 
themselves,  and  bring  them  all  under  one 
banner,  with  "  Our  Religion  and  Our  Lan- 
guage "  as  motto.  Mr.  Duvernay,  the  first 
journalist  of  note  among  the  French,  was 
the  first  to  understand  that  if  the  systema- 
tic course  of  petty  persecution  which  ob- 
tained in  his  days  were  not  stopped,  the 
French  Canadian  element  would  soon  be 
lost  in  the  flood  of  British  emigration  then 
setting  in  towards  this  fair  country.  The 
Briton,  with  his  keen  commercial  insight 
and  his  eminent  qualities  as  a  colonist,  had 
discovered  that  the  land  which  Voltaire 
had  described  as  "  a  few  acres  of  snow- 
covered  ground"  had  a  future  before  it, 
and  he  at  once  resolved  to  make  the  coun- 
try what  it  is  to-day.  The  St.  Jean  Bap- 
tiste Society  struggled  on  for  several  years 
with  a  slight  membership  and  scanty  finan- 
cial resources  until  1860, when  a  determined 
effort  was  made  to  place  it  on  an  efficient 
footing.  Then  with  the  help  of  such  men 
as  Cartier,  Langevin,  L.  O.  David,  the  Lo- 
rangers,  and  scores  of  others  who  were  car- 
ried forward  by  the  enthusiasm  and  patriotic 
fire  of  their  leaders,  it  took  gigantic  strides, 
and  to-day  it  numbers  over  one  hundred 
thousand  members.  In  1874,  Mr.  L.  O. 
Loranger,  as  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  society,  rendered  great 
services.  In  July,  1875,  Judge  Loranger 
presented  himself  for  the  first  time  to  the 
electorate  of  the  county  of  Laval,  and  was 
sent  to  the  Legislative  Assembly  as  a  sup- 
porter of  the  de  Boucherville  administration. 
An  unswerving  adherent  of  the  Conservative 
party,  he  was  soon  recognized  as  one  of  its 
leaders,  and  considered  one  of  the  strongest 
debaters  in  the  Assembly.  He  took  a  lead- 
ing part  in  the"  discussion  on  the  Letellier 
coup  cTdtat.  He  was  re-elected  three  times 
consecutively  by  acclamation  in  his  county. 
After  the  defeat  of  the  Joly  administration 
he  was  offered  the  portfolio  of  attorney- 
general,  which  he  accepted  (November, 
1879),  and  retained  until  his  elevation  to 
the  bench  in  1882.  The  codification  of  the 
Provincial  statutes  and  the  judicial  reforms 


300 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


now  being  completed  (1887),  were  com- 
menced when  he  was  attorney- general  un- 
der the  Chapleau-Loranger  administration. 
Judge  Loranger  is  a  hard  worker,  having 
in  the  midst  of  his  parliamentary  duties  at- 
tended to  the  needs  of  an  extensive  clien- 
tele, and  he  was  considered  one  of  the  most 
noted  lawyers  of  the  Montreal  bar.  He  is 
a  fluent  and  graceful  speaker  ;  he  is  also 
distinguished  for  his  practical  mind,  sound 
judgment,  and  impressive,  though  cautious, 
disposition.  He  married,  on  the  3rd  Octo- 
ber, 1867,  Marie  Rosalie,  daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  M.  Laframboise,  founder  of  Le 
National,  who  afterwards  was  appointed 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Superior  Court 
for  the  province  of  Quebec,  and  Rosalie 
Dessaulles,  a  niece  of  the  late  Hon.  Louis 
Joseph  Papineau.  Mrs.  Loranger  died  in 
1883,  leaving  seven  children,  three  sons  and 
four  daughters. 

Alexander,  Rev.  Finlow,  M.R.C.S., 
(England),  and  L.S.A.,  sub-Dean  of  Christ 
Church  Cathedral,  Fredericton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  on  the  17th  April,  1834, 
at  Walkhampton,  near  Tavistock,  Devon- 
shire, England.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  Daniel  Alexander,  M.A.,  vicar  of  Bick- 
leigh,  near  Plymouth,  England.  The  Rev. 
F.  Alexander  received  his  educational  train- 
ing at  Mount  Pleasant  House  Academy. 
Milbay  Road,  Plymouth,  and  subsequently 
at  Marlborough  College,  in  Wiltshire.  After 
leaving  school,  in  1850,  he  entered  on  the 
study  of  medicine  at  the  Middlesex  Hospital, 
London  ;  and  in  1855  received  the  diploma 
of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  adding 
in  1857  that  also  of  the  Society  of  Apothe- 
caries, Blackfriars  Bridge,  London.  After 
visiting  the  East,  in  the  employ,  as  a  sur- 
geon, of  the  Peninsular  and  Oriental  Com- 
pany, Mr.  Alexander,  in  1860,  came  to 
Canada,  and  engaged  for  three  years  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  at  Gore's  Landing, 
Ontario.  In  1863  he  married  Anna  Cecille, 
daughter  of  Thomas  S.  Gore,  of  Gore 
Mount,  county  Antrim,  Ireland  ;  and  de- 
termining on  taking  holy  orders,  removed 
to  Cobourg,  Ontario,  where  Ee  pursued  the 
studies  necessary  to  that  end,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Venerable  Archdeacon  Beth- 
une,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Toronto.  In 
February,  1866,  Mr.  Alexander  was  admit- 
ted to  the  diaconate  by  the  Right  Rev. 
Bishop  Strachan  ;  and  in  May,  1867  was 
ordained  to  the  priesthood.  He  was  ap- 
pointed in  the  first  place  to  the  curacy  of 


Port  Hope,  Ontario,  in  1866  ;  and  in  the 
following  year  was  transferred,  on  the  death 
of  the  rector,  the  Rev.  Jonathan  Shortt, 
D.D.,  to  the  curacy  of  Guelph,  Ontario, 
This  appointment  he  held  until  the  resig- 
nation of  the  rector,  the  Venerable  Arch- 
deacon Palmer,  in  1875.  In  the  autumn 
of  that  year  the  offer  was  made  to  him  by 
the  bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Fredericton, 
New  Brunswick,  now  metropolitan  of  Can- 
ada, of  the  position  of  sub-dean  in  his  ca- 
thedral; this  office  he  accepted  and  still 
(1887)  retains. 

Ro§§,  Hon.  David  Alexander, 
Q.C.,  Barrister,  "  Westfield,"  St.  Foye  Roadr 
Quebec  city,  member  of  the  Legislative 
Council  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  was  born 
at  Quebec,  on  the  12th  March,  1819.  His 
father  was  the  late  John  Ross,  who  for 
many  years  filled  the  position  of  joint  pro- 
thonotary  of  the  King's  Bench,  at  Quebec. 
His  mother,  Margaret  Ross,  was  a  native 
of  Prince  Edward  Island.  His  paternal 
grandfather,  John  Ross,  who  was  born  in 
Tain,  Ross-shire,  Scotland,  with  a  number 
of  other  Highlanders,  formed  themselves 
into  a  volunteer  company  to  fight  during 
the  French  war  only,  and  having  been  at- 
tached to  the  78th  Highland  regiment, 
were  among  the  brave  men  who  in  the  pitchy 
darkness  of  the  early  morn  of  the  13th 
September,  1759,  climbed,  with  the  immor- 
tal Wolfe,  the  cliffs  near  Cape  Diamond, 
Quebec,  and  won  for  Great  Britain,  on  the 
Plains  of  Abraham,  one  of  the  finest  pos- 
sessions of  the  British  Crown.  Mr  Ross 
was  severely  wounded  in  the  engagement; 
and  after  the  conquest  he  became  a  citizen 
of  Quebec,  and  commanded  a  company  of 
militia  in  1776,  when  Montgomery  and 
Arnold  attempted  to  retake  Quebec,  and 
did  good  service  for  the  Crown.  The  Hon. 
Mr.  Ross  received  a  classical  education  in 
the  school  taught  by  the  late  Dr.  Daniel 
Wilkie,  and  at  the  Seminary  of  Quebec, 
and  then  followed  a  course  of  civil  and 
Roman  law  at  the  University  of  Laval.  He 
is  conversant  with  both  languages.  He 
adopted  law  as  a  profession;  was  called  to 
the  bar  of  Lower  Canada  in  1848,  and  ap- 
pointed a  Queen's  counsel  in  1873.  Being 
fully  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  his  ances- 
tors, he  entered  the  Military  College,  and 
obtained  a  first-class  certificate  for  company 
and  battalion  drill;  and  during  the  first 
Fenian  invasion  raised  a  company  of  fifty 
men,  fully  equipped,  and  ready  to  march 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


301 


to  the  frontier  when  called  upon.  He  is 
now  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  militia.  He 
entered  political  life  in  1878,  and  was  re- 
turned to  the  Quebec  legislature,  at  the 
general  election  of  that  year,  for  the  county 
of  Quebec,  and  sat  for  that  constituency 
until  the  general  election  of  1881,  when  he 
withdrew  from  politics  for  a  time.  On  the 
8th  March,  1878,  he  was  sworn  in  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Council,  and  became  at- 
torney-general in  the  Joly  administration, 
and  held  office  until  the  30th  of  October, 
1879,  when  he  resigned  with  his  colleagues. 
In  1887  he  was  called  to  the  Legislative 
Council  of  his  native  province,  and  was  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Mercier's 
cabinet,  without  a  portfolio.  The  Hon. 
Mr.  Ross  is  a  director  of  the  Lake  St. 
John  Eailway.  For  several  years  he  was 
president  of  the  St.  Andrew's  Society;  of 
the  Quebec  Literary  and  Historical  Society ; 
of  the  Quebec  Auxiliary  Bible  Society ;  and 
has  been  twice  elected  bdtonnier  (president) 
of  the  Quebec  bar.  He  has  made  himself 
very  familiar  with  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
and  has  found  time  from  his  numerous 
duties  to  visit  the  United  States  of  America, 
England,  Scotland,  France,  Italy,  Spain, 
Gibraltar,  Sicily  and  Egypt,  and  upwards 
of  fifty  cities  and  towns.  In  politics  Mr. 
Ross  is  a  Liberal;  and  in  religion  an  ad- 
herent of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He 
was  married  in  March,  1872,  to  Harriet 
Ann  Valentine,  widow  of  the  late  James 
Gibb,  in  his  lifetime  one  of  the  leading 
merchants  of  Quebec. 

Ingrain,  Andrew  B.,  St.  Thomas, 
M.P.P.  for  West  Elgin,  was  born  on  23rd 
April,  1851,  at  Strabane,  county  of  Went- 
worth,  Ontario,  and  is  the  second  son  of 
Thomas  and  Mary  Ann  Ingram,  of  that 
place.  His  paternal  grandfather,  Andrew 
Ingram,  was  a  native  of  the  county  Tyrone, 
Ireland,  and  served  his  country  for  nineteen 
years  under  .Lord  Wellington,  participating 
in  the  Peninsular  campaign,  as  well  as 
Quatre  Bras  and  Waterloo.  The  subject  of 
our  sketch  received  a  common  school  edu- 
cation at  Morristown,  Ontario,  and  his  early 
youth  was  passed  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
Becoming  dissatisfied  with  a  rural  life,  he 
bade  adieu  to  the  farm  and  proceeded  to 
London,  where  his  uncle,  who  was  a  resi- 
dent of  that  city,  prevailed  upon  him  to 
learn  a  trade.  Having  selected  that  of  a 
collarmaker,  he  served  the  usual  apprentice- 
ship, and  in  1870  was  duly  accredited  a 


journeyman.  For  some  years  he  labored  at 
the  occupation  of  his  choice.  In  August, 
1879,  he  connected  himself  with  the  Can- 
ada Southern  Railway,  commencing  at  the 
foot  of  the  ladder  as  brakeman,  and  by 
strict  attention  to  the  duties  of  that  posi- 
tion, soon  won  the  confidence  of  the  offi- 
cials, and  was  promoted  to  a  conductorship. 
A  place  was  then  offered  to  him  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  in  a  similar  capacity, 
which  he  accepted,  but  owing  to  unforeseen 
circumstances,  he  resigned  and  returned  to 
St.  Thomas,  when  he  entered  the  employ  of 
the  Grand  Trunk  Company,  and  faithfully 
performed  the  duties  assigned  him  for 
about  three  years,  when  he  was  elected 
standard-bearer  by  the  Conservatives  of 
West  Elgin,  on  the  15th  July,  1886.  When 
it  came  to  the  knowledge  of  his  employers 
that  he  had  been  selected  to  contest  West 
Elgin,  they  notified  him  to  decline  the 
honor  or  leave  the  service.  After  consult- 
ing his  friends,  he  decided  on  the  latter 
course,  and  entered  into  active  politics. 
When  the  general  elections  were  held  on 
the  28th  December,  1886,  he  was  declared 
elected  to  represent  West  Elgin  in  the  On- 
tario legislature,  and  has  since  served  in 
the  capacity  of  representative.  Mr.  Ingram 
took  an  active  part  in  the  formation  of  the 
St.  Thomas  Feather  Bone  Company,  in 
which  he  is  a  stockholder,  and  which  pro- 
mises to  become  one  of  the  leading  enter- 
prises in  the  city  of  his  adoption.  He  joined 
Forest  City  lodge,  I.O.O.F.,  London,  on 
the  21st  August,  1871,  and  remained  an  ac- 
tive worker  in  the  same  until  the  5th  No- 
vember, 1877,  when  he  took  his  withdrawal 
card.  In  1881  he  joined  the  Brakemen's 
Benevolent  Association  of  Canada  and  the 
United  States,  served  as  president  one  term, 
and  was  elected  grand  vice-president  at  a 
convention  held  in  Brockville  in  March, 
1882.  On  the  25th  June,  1885,  he  joined 
Local  Assembly  Knights  of  Labor,  St. 
Thomas;  and  in  July  of  the  same  year  at- 
tached himself  to  Headlight  Assembly,  No. 
4,069.  He  served  as  master  workman  of 
the  same  for  two  terms;  and  was  elected  a 
member  of  District  Assembly,  No.  138,  in 
which  he  holds  the  position  of  statistician. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Assembly 
convened  at  Richmond,  Va.,  U.  S.,  on  8th 
October,  1886.  He  originated  the  St. 
Thomas  Trades  and  Labor  Council  in  Jan- 
uary, 1886,  and  was  elected  its  first  vice- 
president  for  the  first  term,  president  for  the 


302 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


second  term,  and  now  fills  the  position  of 
honorary  president.  He  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Independent  Order  of  Foresters. 
Mr.  Ingram  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
provincial,  federal  and  municipal  politics 
since  confederation,  in  the  counties  of  Wel- 
lington, Perth,  Huron,  Essex,  and  Elgin, 
and  been  a  hard  worker  in  various  Conser- 
vative associations.  He  held  a  position  of 
trust  under  the  Clarke  administration  in 
Manitoba,  and  was  one  of  the  sheriff's  posse 
who  arrested  Andrew  Nault  and  others  for 
complicity  in  the  murder  of  Thomas  Scott. 
Although  returned  to  parliament  as  a  Lib- 
eral-Conservative, Mr.  Ingram  has  ever  in 
view  and  will  support  any  measure  brought 
forward  that  will  advance  the  true  inter- 
ests of  the  toiling  masses,  who  in  him  have 
an  able  and  conscientious  advocate,  and 
who  from  actual  experience  is  conversant 
with  the  disadvantages  under  which  they 
labor.  In  religious  matters  he  is  an  adhe- 
rent of  the  Episcopal  church.  And  to  sum 
him  up  in  a  few  words,  is  an  able,  honest 
man,  who  commands  the  respect  of  the 
community  which  he  so  ably  represents. 
In  1882  he  married  Elizabeth,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  Allen  Mclntyre,  of  Aberfoyle,  whose 
great  grandfather  was  the  Earl  of  Home, 
a  Scottish  nobleman. 

McGee,  Hon.  Thomas  D'Arcy, 
B.C.L.,  M.R.I.A.,  was  born  on  the  13th  of 
April,  1825,  at  Carlingford,  Ireland.  His 
father,  James  McGee,  was  in  the  coast-guard 
service,  and  his  mother  was  Dorcas  Cath- 
arine Morgan,  a  daughter  of  a  Dublin  book- 
seller, who  had  been  imprisoned  and  finan- 
cially ruined  by  his  participation  in  the 
conspiracy  of  1798.  Both  on  his  father's 
and  his  mother's  side  he  was  descended 
from  families  remarkable  for  their  devotion 
to  the  cause  of  Ireland.  When  he  was  eight 
years  of  age  his  family  removed  to  Wex- 
ford,  and  shortly  afterwards  he  suffered  a 
heavy  blow  in  the  death  of  his  mother.  Of 
his  father  he  was  wont  to  speak  as  an  honest, 
upright,  religious  man;  but  his  mother  he 
loved  to  describe  as  a  woman  of  extraordin- 
ary elevation  of  mind,  an  enthusiastic  lover 
of  her  country,  its  music,  its  legends,  and 
its  wealth  of  ancient  lore.  Herself  a  good 
musician  and  a  fine  singer,  it  was  to  the 
songs  of  her  ancient  race  she  rocked  her 
children's  cradle,  and  from  her  dear  voice 
her  favorite  son,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
drank  in  his  music.  His  passionate  and  in- 
extinguishable love  for  the  land  of  his  birth, 


her  story  and  her  song,  may  be  traced  to  the 
same  source.  He  attended  a  day  school  in 
Wexford,  obtaining  there  the  only  formal 
education  he  ever  received.  But  the  boyish 
years  of  the  future  statesman  and  historian 
were  not  passed  in  mean  or  frivolous  pur- 
suits. His  love  for  poetry  and  for  old-world 
lore  grew  with  his  growth,  and  by  the  age 
of  seventeen  he  had  read  all  that  had  come 
within  his  reach  relating  to  the  history  of 
his  own  and  other  lands.  He  was  a  little 
over  seventeen,  and  seeing  little  prospect  of 
advancement  at  home,  he,  with  one  of  his 
sisters,  emigrated  to  America.  After  a  short 
visit  to  his  aunt  in  Providence,  Ehode  Is- 
land, he  arrived  in  Boston,  just  at  the  time 
the  "  repeal  movement "  was  in  full  strength 
amongst  the  Irish  population  of  that  city, 
warmly  aided  by  some  of  the  prominent 
public  men  of  America  of  that  day.  He 
arrived  in  Boston  in  June,  1842,  and  on  the 
4th  July  he  addressed  the  people.  The  elo- 
quence of  the  boy-orator  enchained  the  mul- 
titudes who  heard  him  then,  as  the  more 
finished  speeches  of  his  later  years  were 
wont  "  the  applause  of  list'ning  senates  to 
command."  A  day  or  two  later  he  was 
offered  and  accepted  a  situation  on  the  Bos- 
ton Pilot,  and  became  chief  editor  two  years 
later.  It  was  a  critical  period  in  the*  his- 
tory of  the  Irish  race  in  America;  they  were 
proscribed  and  persecuted  on  American  soil, 
disgraceful  riots  occurring  in  Philadelphia, 
which  resulted  in  the  sacking  and  burning 
of  two  Catholic  churches.  With  all  the 
might  of  his  eloquence,  young  McGee  ad- 
vocated the  cause  of  his  countrymen  and  co- 
religionists against  the  hostile  party,  the 
"  Native  Americans,"  as  they  were  called. 
This  outburst  of  fanaticism  soon  subsided, 
but  the  popularity  which  the  young  Irish  edi- 
tor gained  during  the  struggle  continued  to 
grow  and  flourish  until  O'Connell  himself  re- 
ferred to  his  splendid  editorials  as  the  "  in- 
spired writings  of  a  young  exiled  Irish  boy 
in  America."  He  was  invited  by  the  pro- 
prietor of  the  Dublin  Freeman's  Journal, 
the  leading  Irish  paper,  to  become  its  editor. 
So  at  the  age  of  twenty  he  took  his  pi  ace  in 
the  front  rank  of  the  Irish  press.  But  the 
Freeman  was  too  moderate  in  its  tone,  so  he 
accepted  an  offer  from  his  friend,  Charles 
Gavin  ,Duffy,  to  assist  him  in  editing  The 
Nation,  in  conjunction  with  Thomas  Davis, 
John  Mitchell,  and  Thomas  Devin  Beilly.  In 
such  hands  The  Nation  became  the  organ  of 
the  "  Young  Ireland  "  party.  The  imme- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


303 


diate  result  was  the  secession  of  the  war 
party  from  the  ranks  of  the  National  or  Old 
Ireland  party  led  by  O'Connell.  But  the 
end  came,  and  a  sad  end  it  was.  The  great 
"  Liberator  "  died,  while  on  foreign  travel, 
a  broken-hearted  man.  Famine  had  stricken 
the  land,  and  the  "  Young  Irelanders  "  were 
ripe  for  rebellion.  McGee  was  one  of  those 
deputed  to  rouse  the  people  to  action,  and 
after  the  delivery  of  a  speech  at  Roundwood 
he  was  arrested,  but  soon  after  obtained 
his  release.  Nothing  daunted  by  his  first 
mishap,  he  agreed  to  go  to  Scotland,  for  the 
purpose  of  enlisting  the  sympathy  of  the 
Irish  in  the  manufacturing  towns,  and  ob- 
taining their  co-operation  in  the  contem- 
plated insurrection.  He  was  in  Scotland 
when  the  news  reached  him  that  the  "  ris- 
ing "  had  been  attempted  in  Ireland,  and 
had  signally  failed — that  some  of  the  leaders 
had  been  arrested,  and  a  reward  offered  for 
the  apprehension  of  himself,  and  others  who 
had  effected  their  escape.  He  had  been  mar- 
ried less  than  a  year  before,  and  a  fair  young 
wife  anxiously  awaited  his  return.  He  suc- 
ceeded in  crossing  in  safety  to  Ireland,  and 
in  the  far  north  was  sheltered  by  Dr.  Ma- 
ginn,  the  bishop  of  Derry.  Here  he  was 
visited  by  his  wife,  as  he  would  not  leave 
Ireland  without  seeing  and  bidding  her  fare- 
well. He  left  Ireland  in  the  disguise  of  a 
priest,  and  landed  in  Philadelphia  on  the 
10th  October,  1848,  and  on  the  26th  day  of 
the  same  month  appeared  the  first  number 
of  his  New  York  Nation.  Feeling  sore  at 
the  utter  failure  of  his  party  in  Ireland,  Mr. 
McGee  threw  the  blame  of  the  failure  on  the 
priesthood,  which  brought  him  in  conflict 
with  Bishop  Hughes,  who  defended  the  Irish 
clergy,  and  as  a  consequence  the  New  York 
Notion  never  recovered  the  effect  of  this 
controversy.  In  1850  he  removed  to  Boston, 
and  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Ame- 
rican Celt.  During  the  first  two  years  of 
the  Celt's  existence,  it  was  characterized  by 
nearly  the  same  revolutionary  ardor,  but 
there  came  a  time  when  the  great  strong 
mind  of  its  editor  began  to  soar  above  the 
clouds  of  passion  and  prejudice  into  the  re- 
gion of  eternal  truth.  He  began  to  see  that 
the  best  way  of  raising  his  countrymen  was 
not  by  impracticable  Utopian  schemes  of 
revolution,  but  by  teaching  them  the  best 
of  their  possibilities,  to  cultivate  among 
them  the  acts  of  peace,  and  to  raise  them- 
selves, by  the  ways  of  peaceful  industry  and 
enlightenment  to  the  level  of  their  more 


Sosperous  sister  island.  Some  years  after 
r.McGee  transferred  his  publication  office 
to  Buffalo.  Besides  his  editorial  duties,  he 
delivered  lectures  throughout  the  cities  of 
the  United  States  and  Canada  to  crowded 
audiences.  At  a  convention  of  leading  Irish- 
men, convened  in  Buffalo  by  Mr.  McGee,  for 
the  purpose  of  considering  the  subject  of 
colonization  on  the  broad  prairies  for  his 
countrymen,  instead  of  herding  together  in 
"  tenement  houses,"  he  was  strongly  urged 
by  Canadian  delegates  to  take  up  his  abode 
in  Montreal.  After  some  negotiation  on  the 
subject,  he  sold  out  his  interest  in  the  Ame- 
rican Celt,  and  removed  with  his  family  to 
Montreal,  where  he  at  once  commenced  the 
publication  of  a  journal  called  The  New  Era. 
Before  the  end  of  his  first  year  in  Montreal 
he  was  elected  as  one  of  three  members  for 
Montreal,  although  his  election  had  been 
warmly  contested.  It  was  not  long  before 
he  began  to  make  his  mark  in  the  legislative 
halls  of  his  new  country,  and  before  the 
close  of  his  first  session,  the  Irish  member 
for  Montreal  was  recognized  as  one  of  the 
most  popular  men  in  Canada.  Yet,  at  times, 
his  early  connection  with  the  revolutionary 
party  was  made  the  subject  of  biting  sar- 
casm. On  one  of  these  occasions,  when 
being  twitted  with  having  been  a  "re- 
bel "  in  former  years,  he  replied  :  u  It  is 
true,  I  was  a  rebel  in  Ireland  in  1848. 
I  rebelled  against  the  mis- government  of 
my  country  by  Russell  and  his  school.  I  re- 
belled because  I  saw  my  countrymen  starv- 
ing before  my  eyes,  while  my  country  had 
her  trade  and  commerce  stolen  from  her.  I 
rebelled  against  the  Church  establishment  in 
Ireland;  and  there  is  not  a  liberal  man  in  the 
community  who  wouldnot  have  done  as  I  did, 
if  he  were  placed  in  my  position,  and  followed 
the  dictates  of  humanity."  About  the  year 
1865  he  was  presented  by  his  friends  in  Mon- 
treal and  other  cities  with  a  handsome  resi- 
dence in  one  of  the  best  localities  in  that 
city,  as  a  mark  of  their  esteem.  In  1862 
he  accepted  the  office  of  president  of  the 
Executive  Council,  and  also  filled  the  office 
of  provincial  secretary.  It  was  during  this 
active  time  that  he  completed  his  "  History 
of  Ireland,"  in  two  12mo  volumes.  In  1865 
Mr.  McGee  visited  his  native  land,  and 
while  staying  with  his  father  in  Wexford 
delivered  a  speech  in  that  city  on  the  condi- 
tion of  the  Irish  in  America,  which  gave  of- 
fence to  his  countrymen  in  the  United  States, 
as  he  took  pains  to  show  that  a  larger  pro- 


304 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


portion  of  them  became  more  demoralised 
and  degraded  in  that  country  than  in  Can- 
ada. In  1867  he  was  sent  to  Paris  by  the 
Canadian  Government  as  one  of  the  com- 
missioners from  Canada  to  the  great  Expo- 
sition held  in  Paris.  From  there  he  went 
to  Borne  as  one  of  a  deputation  from  the 
Irish  inhabitants  of  Montreal,  on  a  question 
concerning  the  affairs  of  St.  Patrick's  con- 
gregation in  that  city.  In  London  he  met, 
by  previous  appointment,  some  of  his  col- 
leagues in  the  Canadian  Cabinet,  who  had 
gone  to  England  Co  lay  before  the  imperial 
government  the  plan  of  the  proposed  union 
of  the  British  provinces.  In  the  important 
deliberation  which  followed  he  took  a  lead- 
ing part.  He  was  then  minister  of  agri- 
culture and  emigration,  which  office  he 
continued  to  hold  up  to  the  time  when,  in 
the  summer  of  1867,  the  confederation  was 
at  last  effected.  But  with  all  his  great  and 
well  deserved  popularity,  and  the  high  posi- 
tion he  had  attained  amongst  the  statesmen 
of  the  Dominion,  he  had  made  for  himself 
bitter  enemies  by  his  open  and  consistent 
opposition  to  the  Fenian  movement,  in 
which  he  saw  no  prospect  of  permanent 
good  for  Ireland.  But  it  was  in  regard  to 
Canada  and  their  avowed  intention  of  in- 
vading that  country  that  he  most  severely 
denounced  them.  He  rightly  considered 
that  it  was  a  grievous  wrong  to  invade  a 
peaceful  country  like  Canada,  only  nomi- 
nally dependent  on  Great  Britain,  and 
where  so  many  thousands  of  Irishmen  were 
living  happily  and  contentedly  under  just 
and  equitable  laws  of  the  people's  own 
making.  At  the  general  election  of  1867 
he  secured  his  seat,  but  only  after  a  severe 
struggle,  the  Fenian  element  of  his  country- 
men doing  all  in  their  power  to  secure  his 
defeat.  The  victory,  however,  cost  him 
dear,  for  the  evil  passions  of  the  basest  and 
most  degraded  of  his  countrymen  had  been 
excited  against  him,  and  he  was  thence- 
forth a  doomed  man.  On  the  very  night 
preceding  his  cruel  murder  he  delivered  one 
of  the  noblest  speeches  ever  heard  within 
the  walls  of  a  Canadian  parliament  on  the 
subject  of  cementing  the  lately  formed  union 
of  the  provinces  by  bonds  of  mutual  kind- 
ness and  good- will.  He  had  reached  the 
door  of  his  temporary  home,  when  a  lurking 
assassin  stole  from  his  place  of  concealment, 
and  coming  close  behind,  shot  him  through 
the  head,  causing  instantaneous  death. 
This  was  on  the  morning  of  April  7th,  1868. 


His  body  was  removed  to  Montreal,  where 
a  public  funeral  was  held,  the  streets  along 
the  procession  being  lined  by  regiments  of 
the  British  army.  St.  Patrick's  Church,  in 
which  his  obsequies  were  solemnised,  was 
crowded  with  Protestants  and  other  leading 
citizens  to  mourn  over  the  great  loss  the 
country  sustained  by  his  death.  McGee 
had  outgrown  long  before  his  death  the  an- 
tipathy that  many  had  to  him  on  his  arri- 
val in  Montreal.  With  the  Montreal  Cale- 
donian Society  especially  he  was  a  great 
favorite,  and  his  orations  at  their  concerts 
were  the  special  feature  of  the  evening.  At 
their  annual  celebration  of  "  Hallowe'en," 
when  it  is  customary  to  read  prize  poems  on 
that  old  Scotch  festival,  of  forty-six  poems 
sent  in  competition  on  the  Hallowe'en  fol- 
lowing his  death,  thirty-seven  contained 
some  touching  allusion  to  that  sad  event. 
From  one  of  the  poems  to  which  prizes  were 
awarded,  we  quote  the  following  stanzas : — 

Ah  !  wad  that  he  was  here  the  nicht, 

Whase  tongue  was  like  a  faerie  lute  ! 
But  vain  the  wish  :  McGee  !  thy  might 

Lies  low  in  death — thy  voice  is  mute. 
He's  gane,  the  noblest  o'  us  a'  — 

Aboon  a'  care  o'  warldly  fame ; 
An'  wha  se  proud  as  he  to  ca' 

Our  Canada  his  hame  ? 

The  gentle  maple  weeps  an'  waves 

Aboon  our  patriot-statesman's  heed  ; 
But  if  we  prize  the  licht  he  gave, 

We'll  bury  feuds  of  race  and  creed. 
For  this  he  wrocht,  for  this  he  died ; 

An'  for  the  luve  we  bear  his  name, 
Let's  live  as  brithers,  side  by  side, 

In  Canada,  our  hame. 

I>  11  n  ii  el,  Thomas,  Hat  and  Fur  Manu- 
facturer, Toronto,  was  born  in  the  Boyal 
burgh  of  Wick,  Caithness-shire,  Scotland,  on 
the  21st  April,  1847.  His  parents  were  Wil- 
liam Dunnet  and  Janet  Black,  both  natives 
of  Caithness;  and  Mr.  Dunnet  carried  on 
the  saddling  business  for  many  years  in 
Wick.  He  died  about  twelve  years  ago, 
and  his  widow  is  now  a  resident  of  Porto- 
bello,  near  Edinburgh.  Young  Dunnet  re- 
ceived his  education  at  the  Free  Church 
School  in  Wick,  where  he  graduated.  He 
then  for  a  number  of  years  acted  as  one  of 
the  teachers  in  the  same  school,  and  subse- 
quently removed  to  the  city  of  Aberdeen. 
Here  he  remained  for  about  nine  months 
as  organization  master  in  Charlotte  street 
school.  Feeling  dissatisfied  with  the  pros- 
pects in  his  native  country,  he  determined 
to  leave  for  America,  and  reached  Kingston 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


305 


in  Canada,  in  1866.  In  the  Limestone  City 
he  found  employment  as  a  teacher,  and  for 
about  eighteen  months  he  taught  young 
Canada  in  Barriefield  school.  A  more  lucra- 
tive situation  offering  as  purser  on  board  a 
steamer  plying  between  Kingston  and  Cape 
Vincent,  Mr.  Dunnet  bade  farewell  to  the 
scholastic  profession,  and  since  then  has  de- 
voted his  attention  to  mercantile  pursuits. 
He  began  business  in  Toronto  as  "  Briggs 
<fe  Dunnet,"  in  1880.  and  six  years  after- 
wards Mr.  Briggs  retired,  leaving  Mr.  Dun- 
net  sole  partner.  Since  then  the  business 
has  steadily  increased,  so  much  so  that  in 
February,  1887,  he  took  into  partnership 
Malcolm  McPherson,  and  these  two  are  now 
the  members  forming  the  firm  of  Dunnet, 
McPherson  &  Co.,  hat  and  fur  manufactur- 
ers, Front  street,  Toronto.  Mr.  Dunnet  is  in 
politics  a  staunch  Reformer,  and  in  religion 
may  be  classed  among  the  Liberal-Chris- 
tians. He  was  married  in  June,  1875,  to 
Jessie  McCammon,  daughter  of  Robert  Mc- 
Cammon,  of  Kingston,  Ontario. 

Don  fro,  Joseph,  Q.C.,  Montreal. — 
The  late  Mr.  Doutre  was  born  at  Beau- 
harnois,  in  1825,  educated  at  Montreal  Col- 
lege, and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1847.  The 
history  of  his  life  is  that  of  the  struggles 
of  his  countrymen  for  civil  and  religious 
liberty,  and  is  therefore  of  more  than  per- 
sonal interest.  His  ancestors  were  from  the 
old  province  of  Roussillon,  in  the  department 
of  Pyrenees-Orientales.  His  grandfather 
came  from  the  immediate  neighborhood 
of  Perpignan,  and  had  hardly  arrived  in 
Canada  when  the  country  passed  under 
the  dominion  of  England.  In  1844,  at  the 
age  of  eighteen,  his  first  work,  a  romance 
of  five  hundred  pages,  entitled  "Les  Fiances 
de  1812"  (The;Betrothedof  1812),  was  pub- 
lished. He  was  an  early  adherent  of  the 
Institut  Canadien,  and  ever  since  the  warm 
friend  of  that  institution,  which  obtained 
its  charter  under  his  presidency.  As  soon 
as  VAvenir  newspaper  had  taken  a  fair 
start,  in  1848,  Mr.  Doutre  became  one  of  its 
contributors.  He  was  a  liberal  contributor 
to  the  press,  and  most  of  the  journals  of  the 
province  have  at  times  published  contribu- 
tions from  him.  In  1848  he  published  "  Le 
Frere  et  la  Soeur,"  which  was  afterwards  re- 
published  in  Paris.  In  1851  he  was  the 
author  of  the  laureate  essay  paid  for  by 
the  late  Hon.  Mr.  de  Boucherville,  on  "  The 
Best  Means  of  Spending  Time  in  the  In- 
terests of  the  Family  and  the  Country." 
S 


In  1852  was  published  "  Le  Sauvage  du 
Canada."  To  these  should  be  added  a 
series  of  biographical  essays  on  the  most 
prominent  political  men  of  that  date,  which 
appeared  in  L'Avenir.  As  one  of  the 
secretaries  of  the  association  formed  in  1849 
for  the  colonisation  of  the  townships,  he  was 
instrumental  in  starting  the  first  settle- 
ments of  Roxton  and  its  vicinity.  In  1853 
Mr.  Doutre  took  the  direction  of  the  great 
struggle  for  the  abolition  of  the  feudal 
tenure,  and  by  means  of  meetings  held 
throughout  the  country,  and  diligence  and 
care  in  the  preparation  of  practical  mea- 
sures, the  agitation  came  to  a  crisis  at  the 
general  election  of  1854,  when  the  parlia- 
ment, rilled  with  moderate  abolitionists, 
passed  a  law  which  did  away  with  this 
mediaeval  system  of  land  tenure,  to  the 
mutual  satisfaction  both  of  the  seigneurs 
and  tenants.  Another  campaign  began 
immediately  after,  for  making  the  legisla- 
tive council  elective,  instead  of  being  nomi- 
nated by  the  Crown,  and  a  law  was  passed 
to  this  effect  in  1856,  at  which  time  Mr. 
Doutre  was  requested  to  stand  as  candidate 
for  the  division  of  Salaberry,  but  he  was 
defeated.  In  1858  there  commenced,  in  a 
decided  manner  on  the  part  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  bishop  of  Montreal,  the  long  loom- 
ing work  of  destruction  against  everything 
which  gave  manifestation  of  life  in  the 
minds  of  educated  Catholics.  Mr.  Doutre 
stood  foremost  in  the  hand-to-hand  battle 
which  followed,  and  the  victory  was  a  pain- 
ful one,  being  achieved  in  the  face  of  the 
conscientious  opposition  of  many  friends. 
In  1861  he  accepted,  under  party  pressure, 
the  candidature  of  Laprairie,  which  result- 
ed in  another  defeat.  This  election,  how- 
ever, had  the  good  effect  of  drawing  atten- 
tion to  the  evil  system  of  two  days  polling, 
as  it  was  evident  that  his  first  day's  majority 
had  been  upset  by  large  sums  of  money 
being  brought  into  play  upon  the  second 
day.  This  is  the  last  time  we  find  the  sub- 
ject of  our  remarks  in  the  arena  of  politics. 
He  subsequently  devoted  himself  entirely 
to  his  profession.  In  1863  he  became 
Queen's  counsel.  In  1866  he  delivered  a 
lecture  before  the  Institut  Canadien,  on 
"  The  Charters  of  Canada,"  a  remarkably 
concise  and  complete  synopsis  of  the  politi- 
cal constitution  of  the  country  under  the 
French  government.  In  the  same  year  he  was 
entrusted  with  the  defence  of  Lamirande, 
the  French  banking  defaulter,  whose  extra- 


306 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


dition  was  sought  for  before  our  courts. 
After  the  kidnapping  of  the  man,  when  he 
was  about  to  be  released,  he  followed  up 
the  demand  for  his  restoration  to  the  juris- 
diction of  our  courts,  through  the  Foreign 
Office,  in  London,  to  a  point  when  the 
British  and  French  governments  were  very 
seriously  out  of  harmony,  when  Lamirande 
solved  the  difficulty  by  surrendering  all 
claims  to  further  negotiations.  In  1869, 
the  refusal  of  the  Roman  Catholic  authori- 
ties to  bury  Guibord,  because  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Institut  Canadien,  brought 
Mr.  Doutre  face  to  face  with  the  necessity 
of  choosing  between  a  direct  contest  with 
the  authorities  of  his  church  or  renouncing 
his  right  to  belong  to  a  literary  society, 
which  implied  the  right  of  any  personal 
liberty  of  action.  His  choice  in  this  matter 
entailed  political  ostracism,  and  imposed 
upon  him  the  most  arduous  task  of  fol- 
lowing the  case  in  question  from  court 
to  court,  through  all  the  degrees  of  juris- 
diction in  Canada,  in  order  to  obtain  the 
burial  of  Guibord,  and  of  continuing  the 
same  in  England,  where  he  went  to  argue 
before  the  Privy  Council,  not  only  without 
fee,  but  at  daily  expense,  finally  winning 
the  case ;  and  Guibord  was  buried  in  Cote 
des  Neiges  Cemetery  by  order  of  the  Queen's 
mandate.  The  Institut  Canadien  handed 
over  its  valuable  library  of  eight  thousand 
volumes  to  the  Frazer  Institute,  and  is  now 
open  gratuitously  to  the  public.  Mr.  Doutre 
died  on  the  3rd  of  February,  1886,  and  was 
buried,  at  his  own  request,  in  Mount  Royal 
Cemetery  (Protestant),  his  remains  being 
followed  to  the  grave  by  the  leading  citizens 
of  all  denominations  and  nationalities. 

Thome,  William  Henry,  Hard- 
ware Merchant,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick, 
was  born  on  the  12th  September,  1844,  in 
St.  John,  N.B.  His  father,  Edward  L. 
Thorne,  came  from  Granville,  Nova  Scotia, 
settled  in  St.  John,  in  1814,  and  was  for 
many  years  one  of  the  leading  business 
men  of  that  city.  The  members  of  the 
Thorne  family  who  first  settled  in  Gran- 
ville, N.S.,  were  of  the  old  loyalist  stock 
who  left  New  York  on  the  close  of  the  revo- 
lutionary war  and  came  over  to  the  Mari- 
time provinces.  The  mother  of  the  subject 
of  our  sketch  was  Susan  Scovil,  and  her 
parents  settled  in  New  Brunswick  about  the 
same  time  as  the  Thornes  did  in  Nova  Scotia, 
and  belonged  to  the  same  body  of  loyalists 
who  refused  to  sever  their  allegiance  with 


the  mother  country.  W.  H.  Thorne  was 
educated  at  the  Grammar  School  in  St. 
John,  and  afterwards  adopted  the  mercan- 
tile profession.  He  had  several  years'  ex- 
perience as  clerk  with  the  firm  of  J.  &  F.  * 
Burpee  &  Co.;  and  commenced  the  hard- 
ware and  metal  business  on  his  own  accountr 
in  1867.  In  1873  he  admitted  R.  C.  Scovil 
as  a  partner,  This  gentleman  having  died 
in  1884,  Mr.  Thorne  continued  the  business, 
taking  into  partnership,  in  1885,  two  young 
men  who  had  been  in  his  employ  for  several 
years — namely,  Arthur  T.  Thorne  and  T. 
Carlton  Lee,  and  who  are  still  members  of 
the  firm,  and  actively  engaged  in  the  busi- 
ness, under  the  style  of  W.  H.  Thorne  &  • 
Co.  The  business  of  this  firm  has  steadily 
grown  until  it  is  now  amongst  the  largest 
in  the  Maritime  provinces.  The  stock  kept, 
by  it  is  the  largest  and  best  selected  of  its 
kind  in  the  province,  and  their  travellers 
may  be  daily  met  with  in  Quebec,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  New  Brunswick,  and  Nova 
Scotia.  Mr.  Thorne,  the  head  of  the  firm, 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  everything  that 
tends  to  advance  the  interests  of  his  native 
city.  He  is  a  vice-president  of  the  Board 
of  Trade,  and  is  connected  with  several 
other  useful  institutions.  He  is  a  progres- 
sive man,  and  may  be  classed  among  the 
Liberals;  and  in  religious  matters  he  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Episcopal  church. 

Creelman,  Hon.  Samuel,  Round 
Bank,  Upper  Stewiacke,  member  of  the 
Legislative  Council  of  Nova  Scotia,  was 
born  at  Upper  Stewiacke,  Colchester  county, 
Nova  Scotia,  19th  November,  1808.  He  is  a 
son  of  William  and  Hannah  (Tupper)  Creel- 
man, his  father  being  the  grandson  of  Sam- 
uel Creelman,  who  with  his  family  emigra- 
ted from  Newton  Limavady,  county  of 
Londonderry,  Ireland,  in  1760.  After  re- 
siding for  a  time  in  Lunenburg  and  Halif  axr 
he  settled  in  Amherst,  and  at  the  time  of 
the  taking  the  census  in  1872,  was  possessed 
of  the  largest  stock  of  cattle  owned  in  the 
township.  Thence  he  removed  to  the  local- 
ity now  known  as  Princeport,  Truro.  His 
eldest  son,  Samuel,  was  one  of  the  original 
grantees  of  the  Upper  Stewiacke  grant, 
where  he  settled  with  his  family  in  1784, 
and  where  he  died  in  1834,  aged  84  years. 
He  became  the  possessor  of  sufficient  land 
to  furnish  each  of  his  six  sons  with  a  good 
sized  farm  on  the  river.  Hannah  Tupper, 
the  mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, was 
the  great  granddaughter  of  the  late  David 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


307 


Archibald,  the  eldest  of  the  four  Archibald 
brothers  who  emigrated  to  Truro  from  Lon- 
donderry, Ireland,  by  the  way  of  New 
Hampshire,  U.S.  He  was  the  first  repre- 
sentative for  Truro  in  the  House  of  Assem- 
bly of  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  first  justice  of 
the  peace  appointed  in  Truro.  His  name 
also  stood  at  the  head  of  the  first  list  of 
Presbyterian  elders  in  the  Truro  congrega- 
tion. Her  grandfathers,  Colonel  Robert 
Archibald  and  Eliakim  Tupper,  and  Samuel 
Tupper,  her  father,  all  held  the  office  of 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  of  elders  in  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  The  Hon.  Mr.  Creel- 
man  received  a  common  school  education 
in  Stewiacke,  and  studied  for  one  winter 
under  the  late  James  Boss,  D.D.,  Dalhousie 
College,  at  West  River.  He  resided  with 
his  father  and  labored  on  the  farm  until  of 
age,  when,  owing  to  delicacy  of  health,  he 
spent  a  winter,  as  above  stated,  and  in 
the  spring  followed  teaching  for  a  time, 
when  he  then  engaged  in  trade,  in  which  he 
was  moderately  successful.  After  his  mar- 
riage he  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
which  he  has  since  followed.  In  1842  he 
was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  a 
trustee  of  Truro  Academy.  Shortly  after 
entering  political  life,  he  was  elected  in 
1847  to  represent  the  county  of  Colchester 
in  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Nova  Scotia 
and  represented  this  constituency  until 
1851,  when  he  was  chosen  for  South  Col- 
chester, and  from  that  year  until  1855  he 
represented  it,  when  he  was  defeated  at  the 
polls.  He  was  financial  secretary  of  the 
government  from  1851  to  1856;  and  was  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil in  1860.  He  was  leader  of  the  opposi- 
tion in  the  Assembly  until  the  resignation 
of  the  Hill  administration  in  1878,  when  he 
accepted  the  portfolio  of  commissioner  of 
public  works  and  mines  in  the  Thompson 
administration  that  followed.  This  office 
he  held  until  the  fall  of  the  administration, 
which  took  place  in  1882.  At  this  time  the 
Hon.  Mr.  Creelman  was  in  London,  Eng- 
land, as  a  delegate  on  behalf  of  his  govern- 
ment, whose  object  was  the  carrying  out 
an  arrangement  with  a  syndicate  for  con- 
solidating the  railways  of  Nova  Scotia. 
The  new  government  recalled  him  and  ap- 
pointed another  delegate  in  his  place,  but 
shortly  afterwards  the  scheme  was  aban- 
doned. He  was  reappointed  to  the  Legis- 
lative Council,  in  1867.  Hon.  Mr.  Creel- 
man has  been  very  active  in  promoting  all 


measures  for  the  advancement  of  education 
and  temperance.  He  introduced  the  bill 
for  the  establishment  of  a  Provincial  Nor- 
mal School;  and  was  the  chairman  of  the 
commission  appointed  by  the  government 
for  the  erection  of  the  first  Normal  School 
building  in  Truro,  in  1854.  When  financial 
secretary  he  supported  the  bill  for  the  pro- 
hibition of  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors, 
which  was  carried  through  the  House  of 
Assembly,  but  defeated  in  the  Legislative 
Council.  Here  we  may  say  that  the  Hon. 
Mr.  Creelman  is  the  oldest  member  of  the 
Nova  Scotia  legislature,  and  that  the  Hon. 
Judge  Henry  is  the  only  one  now  living 
(besides  himself)  who  held  a  seat  in  it  when 
he  first  entered  it.  He  is  a  large  shareholder 
in  the  Hopewell  Woollen  Mills  Company, 
and  was  formerly  the  principal  shareholder 
in  the  Mulgrave  Woollen  Company,  Upper 
Stewiacke.  In  1830  he  joined  a  Temperance 
society,  and  has  been  a  total  abstainer  ever 
since,  and  an  earnest  and  efficient  worker 
in  the  cause.  In  1849  he  became  a  Son  of 
Temperance,  and  in  1868  was  elected  grand 
worthy  patriarch  of  the  Grand  Division  of 
Nova  Scotia.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Nova  Scotia  Alliance,  and  is  a  vice-president 
at  present  and  a  member  of  the  National 
Division  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  of  North 
America,  having  been  initiated  in  that  body 
in!871.  Inl878he  occupied  the  position 
of  president  of  the  Sunday-school  Conven- 
tion for  the  Maritime  Provinces,  held  at 
Truro.  He  is  a  life  member  of  the  Nova 
Scotia  Bible  Society,  and  a  member  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Hali- 
fax. He  has  also  been  a  member  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Halifax  for  some  years 
past.  In  1882  he  visited  London,  Liver- 
pool, and  several  cities  in  England  ;  Edin- 
burgh and  Glasgow,  in  Scotland;  Paris,  in 
France;  and  Belfast,  Newton  Limavady  and 
Derry,  in  Ireland.  He  and  his  father  were 
both  elected  elders  in  the  Presbyterian 
church  in  1851.  On  several  occasions  Mr. 
Creelman  has  been  sent  as  a  delegate  to  the 
General  Assembly  of  that  church,  and  at- 
tended its  meetings  at  Montreal,  Ottawa, 
and  Halifax;  and  he  has  also  attended 
meetings  of  the  Synod  of  the  Maritime  pro- 
vinces in  connection  with  the  same  religious 
body.  He  has  been  a  Sabbath  school 
teacher  for  over  fifty  years.  Previous  to 
confederation  Hon.  Mr.  Creelman  worked 
in  union  with  the  Liberal  party,  having  for 
his  associates  Hon.  Messrs.  Howe,  the 


308 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Youngs,  Archibald,  Uniacke,  etc.,  but  since 
then  he  has  become  a  Liberal- Conservative. 
Owing  to  the  infirmities  of  age,  especially 
defective  hearing,  he  is  now  unable  to  take 
the  very  active  part  in  the  legislature  and  in 
other  public  bodies  which  he  previously  did. 
Round  Bank,  the  farm  on  which  he  now 
resides,  is  within  a  mile  of  his  birth  place. 
When  in  government  offices  his  residence 
was  in  Halifax.  On  the  llth  February, 
1834,  he  married  Elizabeth  Elliot  Ellis, who 
still  survives.  She  is  the  eldest  daughter 
of  the  late  John  Ellis,  whose  father  emigra- 
ted from  the  North  of  Ireland  nearly  100 
years  ago.  Her  mother  was  the  daughter 
of  the  late  James  Dechman,  of  Halifax,  who 
came  from  Scotland  many  years  ago. 

Hind,  Profe§§or  Henry  Youle, 
M.A.,  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  in 
Nottingham,  England,  on  the  1st  of  June, 
1823,  and  came  to  Canada  in  1846.  The 
family,  on  the  paternal  side,  came  origin- 
ally from  the  county  of  Cumberland,  Eng- 
land, where  some  of  the  old  stock  still  re- 
main on  lands  which  have  been  in  the  family 
for  several  centuries.  On  the  mother's  side 
(who  was  a  Miss  Youle),  they  came  from 
Scotland,  a  portion  of  the  Youle  family 
having  settled  in  Newark,  Nottinghamshire, 
in  1680.  Until  the  age  of  fourteen  years, 
Henry  was  educated  as  a  private  pupil, 
jointly  with  his  cousin,  J.  R.  Hind,  now  the 
astronomer,  by  the  Rev.  W.  Butler,  head 
master  of  the  Nottinghamshire  Grammar 
School,  then  he  was  sent  to  Leipsic  to  the 
Handel  Schule,  where  he  remained  two 
years.  After  two  years  further  study  in 
England,  under  the  Rev.  W.  Butler,  he  went 
to  Cambridge,  where  he  resided  several 
terms,  but  did  not  graduate,  going  to 
France  for  further  proficiency  in  the  French 
language.  In  1846  he  returned  to  Eng- 
land, and  soon  after  sailed  for  America.  In 
1848  he  was  appointed  mathematical  mas- 
ter and  lecturer  in  chemistry  of  the  Provin- 
cial Normal  School,  Toronto,  where  he  re- 
mained about  five  years,  or  until  he  accepted 
the  chair  of  chemistry  and  geology,  in  the 
University  of  Trinity  College,  Toronto,  and 
this  chair  he  filled  for  thirteen  years.  In 
1857,  while  still  a  professor  in  Trinity  Col- 
lege, he  was  named  by  the  Canadian  gov- 
ernment as  geologist  to  the  first  Red  River 
expedition.  In  1858  he  was  placed  in  com- 
mand of  the  Assiniboine  and  Saskatchewan 
exploring  expedition.  In  1860  the  Imperial 
government  published  his  reports  on  these 


expeditions;  and  in  these  blue  books  we 
find  the  first  map  of  the  now  celebrated 
"  fertile  belt "  of  the  North- West,  as  de- 
scribed and  delineated  by  Professor  Hind. 
In  1861,  assisted  by  the  Canadian  govern- 
ment, he  explored  a  portion  of  the  interior 
of  the  Labrador  peninsula,  reaching,  by 
Moisie  river,  the  sources  of  the  rivers  which 
flow  from  the  great  Labrador  plateau  to 
Hudson  Bay,  the  north-east  Atlantic,  and 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  In  his  account  of 
these  explorations,  published  by  Longmans, 
in  1863,  Professor  Hind  first  describes  the 
then  known  extent  and  character  of  the 
Canadian  fisheries.  In  1864  he  resigned 
hie  professorship  in  Trinity  College  to  un- 
dertake a  preliminary  geological  survey  of 
New  Brunswick,  for  the  government  of  that 
province.  Up  to  this  date  the  literary  work 
accomplished  by  the  subject  of  this  notice 
is  as  follows: — "The  Canadian  Journal;" 
a  repertory  of  Industry,  Science  and  Art. 
Edited  1852-1855.  Three  vols.,  quarto. 
Toronto :  Maclear  &  Co.  "  Prize  Report  on 
the  Improvement  and  Preservation  of  To- 
ronto Harbor,  1854."  Published  separately, 
also  in  "  Canadian  Journal"  for  1855,  with 
maps  and  plans.  "  Prize  Essay  on  the  In- 
sects and  Diseases  injurious  to  the  Wheat 
Crops,"  pp.139.  Toronto  :Lovell&  Gibson, 
1857.  "  Narrative  of  the  Canadian  Red  River 
Exploring  Expedition  of  1857,  and  of  the 
Assiniboine  and  Saskatchewan  Exploring 
Expedition  of  1858."  Two  vols.,  with  maps, 
wood  cuts,  and  chromoxylographs.  Lon- 
don: Longmans,  1860.  "  The  Journal  of  the 
Board  of  Arts  and  Manufactures  for  Upper 
Canada."  Vols.  I.,  II.,  III.  Edited  1861- 
1863.  Toronto :  W.  C.  Chewitt  &  Co.  "The 
British  American  Magazine."  Vols.  I.  and 
II.  Edited  1863.  Toronto :  Rollo  &  Adam. 
"  Explorations  in  the  Interior  of  the  Labra- 
dor Peninsula."  Two  vols.,  with  maps,  wood 
cuts  and  chromo-lithographs.  London  : 
Longmans,  1863.  "  Eighty  Years'  Progress 
of  British  North  America."  Articles — "Phy- 
sical Features  of  Canada;"  "The  North- 
West  Territory,"  &c.,  &c.  Toronto,  1863.  In 
1866,  his  family  growing  up,  Professor  Hind 
purchased  a  property  near  Windsor,  Nova 
Scotia,  to  facilitate  the  education  of  his  sons, 
first  at  the  Collegiate  School,  then  at  King's 
College,  the  oldest  Protestant  chartered  in- 
stitution of  learning  in  the  provinces.  In 
the  years  1869,  1870,  and  1871,  under  the 
instructions  of  the  government  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Nova  Scotia,  he  conducted  geolo- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


309 


gical  explorations  to  a  considerable  extent 
of  the  gold  districts  of  that  province.  These 
are  hereafter  enumerated.  In  1876  pro- 
fessional engagements  led  him  to  the  min- 
eral field  of  the  north-eastern  part  of  the 
Island  of  Newfoundland,  and  thence  on 
the  Atlantic  coast  of  Labrador,  nearly  as 
far  north  as  the  town  of  Nain,  or  about 
350  miles  north  of  the  Straits  of  Belle 
Isle.  On  this  voyage  of  exploration  Pro- 
fessor Hind  discovered  and  mapped  an  ex- 
tensive series  of  cod  banks  stretching  for 
several  hundred  miles  north-west  of  Belle 
Isle,  and  about  twenty  or  thirty  miles  from 
the  coast  line.  These  are  described  in  a 
paper  addressed  to  the  Hon.  F.  B.  T.  Carter, 
attorney- general  of  Newfoundland.  This 
paper  is  also  published  in  Part  II.,  page 
63,  of  the  work  on  the  Canadian  fisheries, 
hereafter  referred  to.  At  the  close  of  1876 
the  Newfoundland  government  secured  the 
services  of  Professor  Hind  for  the  year 
1877  to  examine  and  report  on  the  newly- 
discovered  cod  banks,  as  far  as  Hudson's 
Straits,  but  just  as  the  Professor  was  start- 
ing from  St.  Johns,  in  May,  1877,  on  his 
northern  exploration,  a  telegram  from  the 
government  at  Ottawa  to  the  Newfoundland 
authorities  was  received  which  urged  the 
necessity  of  his  presence  at  the  city  of  Hal- 
ifax to  assist  in  the  scientific  portion  of  the 
Canadian  case  in  the  fisheries  contention 
then  about  to  open.  He  was  consequently 
compelled  to  relinquish  his  scientific  inves- 
tigations, and  proceed  forthwith  to  Ottawa. 
From  Ottawa  he  went  to  Halifax,  and  re- 
mained there  during  the  continuance  of  the 
arbitration.  At  its  close,  all  the  documents 
and  records  of  proceedings  on  [both  sides 
were  placed  in  his  hands  for  analysis  and 
indexing.  The  Analytical  Index  forms  a 
quarto  volume  of  sixty  closely  printed  pages, 
and  supplies  the  guide  to  the  answers  sub- 
mitted during  the  examination  of  witnesses 
to  a  vast  amount  of  matter  connected  with 
the  six  months'  fisheries  inquiry  at  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia.  In  1878  Professor  Hind  pre- 
pared for  the  Paris  Exhibition  a  series  of 
charts  illustrating  the  movements  of  fish  in 
the  North  Atlantic  waters  during  summer 
and  winter,  together  with  the  spring  and  fall 
spawning  grounds  of  the  herring,  the  coastal 
movements  of  the  cod,  the  seasonal  move- 
ments of  the  halibut,  the  summer  and  win- 
ter migrations  and  movements  of  the  harp 
seal,  &c.  For  this  novel  series  the  jury  of 
"  Class  XVI."  awarded  the  professor  a  gold 


medal  and  a  diploma.  The  present  where- 
abouts of  these  fish  charts  is  not  known. 
They  disappeared  after  the  Paris  exhibition, 
not  having  been  returned  to  the  author. 
The  following  are  his  further  publications 
since  1863: — "Reports  on  the  Waverley 
Gold  District,"  with  geological  maps  and 
sections,  1869.  Halifax,  N.S. :  Charles  An- 
nand.  "Report  on  the  Sherbrooke  Gold 
District,  together  with  a  paper  on  the 
Gneisses  of  Nova  Scotia,"  with  maps,  1870, 
Halifax,  N.S. :  Charles  Annand.  "  Report 
on  the  Mount  Uniacke,  Oldham  and  Ren- 
frew Gold  Mining  Districts,"  with  plans  and 
sections,  1872.  Halifax,  N.S. :  Charles  An- 
nand. "Notes  on  the  Northern  Labrador 
Fishing  Ground."  Blue  book.  St.  Johns, 
Newfoundland,  1876.  Also  page  68,  Part 
II.,  of  "  The  effect  of  the  Fishery  clauses  of 
the  Treaty  of  Washington  on  the  Fisheries 
and  Fishermen  of  British  North  America." 
Halifax,  N.S.:.  Charles  Annand.  "  On  the 
Influence  of  Anchor  Ice  in  relation  to  Fish 
Offal  and  the  Newfoundland  Fisheries." 
Parts  I.  and  II.  Official  papers.  St.  Johns, 
Newfoundland,  1877.  "  The  effect  of  the 
Fishery  Clauses  of  the  Treaty  of  Washing- 
ton on  the  Fisheries  and  Fishermen  of  Bri- 
tish North  America."  Parts  I.  and  II.,  im- 
perial oct.  With  maps,  sections,  and  dia- 
grams. Part  I.,  pp.  169;  Part  II.,  pp.  74. 
Halifax  :  Charles  Annand,  1877.  This 
work  has  been  exhaustively  and  very  favor- 
ably reviewed  by  Dr.  Carpenter  of  the  Lon- 
don University.  See  Nature,  June  13th 
and  27th,  1878.  This  enumeration  does 
not  include  various  papers  published  in  the 
journals  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society, 
London,  of  the  Geological  Society,  the  So- 
ciety of  Arts,  and  the  Statistical  Society, 
London,  England.  Professor  Hind  was 
married  at  York  Mills,  near  Toronto,  on  Feb- 
ruary 7th,  1850,  to  Katharine,  the  second 
daughter  of  the  late  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Duncan  Cameron,  C.B.,  of  the  79th  High- 
landers, who  commanded  the  light  com- 
panies of  the  Highland  Brigade  during 
the  passage  of  the  Nive  and  the  Nivelle  in 
the  Peninsula  campaign,  and  was  wounded 
at  Quatre  Bras  on  the  eve  of  Waterloo. 
Two  of  Professor  Hind's  sons  are  clergy- 
men of  the  Church  of  England;  one,  the 
Rev.  Duncan  Henry  Hind,  is  rector  of 
Sandwich,  Province  of  Ontario;  the  other, 
the  Rev.  Kenneth  Cameron  Hind,  M.A.,  is 
rector  of  Newport,  near  Windsor,  Province 
of  Nova  Scotia. 


310 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Knowles,  €harle§  Williams,  Pub- 
lisher, Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  in 
Newport,  Nova  Scotia,  on  July  3rd,  1849, 
and  came  with  his  family  to  Windsor  when 
he  was  about  five  years  of  age,  and  here 
he  has  resided  ever  since.  His  father, 
Charles  W.  Knowles,  who  died  at  Windsor 
on  the  15th  of  December,  1886,  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  eighty-one  years,  was  one  of 
the  oldest  inhabitants  of  Hants  county, 
widely  known  in  the  district,  and  univer- 
sally respected  as  an  industrious,  honest 
man,  and  a  good  citizen.  His  mother,  Eliza 
Bacon,  died  in  1854.  The  Knowles  family 
came  originally  from  England,  and  are 
closely  associated  with  the  early  history  of 
Hants  county.  The  founder  of  it  was  Cap- 
tain Henry  Knowles,  a  merchant,  great 
grandfather  of  Charles  Williams  Knowles, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch.  In  1756  he,  with 
others,  came  from  Newport,  Rhode  Island, 
and  took  up  their  abode  at  a  place  in  Hants 
county,  Nova  Scotia,  and  bestowed  on  it 
the  name  of  their  old  residence,  and  it  is 
known  by  the  name  of  Newport  to  the  pre- 
sent day.  There  is  a  tradition  in  the  family 
that  the  vessel  in  which  the  worthy  captain 
came,  in  sailing  up  the  St.  Croix  river'with 
the  tide,  grounded  on  the  flats  opposite  an 
island,  which  afterwards  came  into  his  pos- 
session, and  is  now  called  Knowles'  Island  ; 
and  the  farm  Captain  Henry  Knowles  owned, 
with  this  island,  is  still  in  the  possession  of 
the  Knowles  family,  its  present  owner  being 
W.  H.  Knowles,  municipal  councillor  for 
Avondale.  The  captain  was  a  widower,  and 
had  on  board  with  him  an  infant  son,  named 
Jonathan.  There  was  also  on  board  his 
vessel,  as  a  passenger,  a  Miss  Williams,  said 
to  have  been  a  near  relative  of  the  celebrat- 
ed Roger  Williams,  the  founder  of  Provi- 
dence, Rhode  Island.  The  captain  and 
Miss  Williams  were  both  members  of  the 
Baptist  denomination,  which  at  that  time 
was  being  cruelly  persecuted  in  some  of  the 
New  England  states,  and  were  in  search  of 
a  place  where  they  could  worship  God  in 
accordance  with  their  religious  convictions. 
They  naturally  felt  a  deep  interest  in  each 
other,  and  a  mutual  affection  sprang  up  be- 
tween them,  which  subsequently  ended  in 
marriage,  and  the  fruit  of  the  union  was 
three  sons,  Nathan,  Henry,  and  William,  and 
two  daughters,  William  becoming  the  grand- 
father of  the  subject  of  our  sketch.  The 
bodies  of  the  brave  captain  and  his  devoted 
wife,  and  those  of  all  the  older  members  of 
his  family,  have  for  long  years  been  moulder- 
ing to  dust  in  their  graves  in  the  burying- 
ground  on  the  old  homestead  property. 


Jonathan  and  his  family  are  buried  in  Raw- 
don.  Upon  his  tombstone  there  is  the  fol- 
lowing rather  quaint  inscription  :  "  Here 
rests  the  body  of  Jonathan  Knowles,  who 
gradually  sank  into  the  arms  of  death,  fall- 
ing asleep  in  the  Redeemer,  November  9th, 
1821,  in  the  65th  year  of  his  age."  Branches 
of  the  Knowles  family  are  resident  in  Raw- 
don,  in  Hants  county,  in  Yarmouth  county, 
and  in  New  Brunswick,  in  the  city  of  St. 
John,  and  in  a  village  called  by  their  name, 
Knowlesville.  Charles  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  in  Windsor,  and 
when  about  eighteen  years  of  age  became 
connected  with  journalism,  and  managed  the 
Saturday  Mail,  a  weekly  local  paper,  then 
owned  by  M.  A.  Buckley.  After  a  few  years 
Mr.  Knowles  succeeded  in  purchasing  this 
property,  and  having  thrown  more  life  into 
it,  made  it  one  of  the  best  weekly  papers  in 
Nova  Scotia.  In  1 883  he  sold  out  the  Mail, 
and  for  three  years  subsequently  engaged  in 
other  pursuits ;  but  in  1886  he  again  em- 
barked in  journalism,  having  purchased  the 
Windsor  Tribune,  the  paper  he  is  now  pub- 
lishing. He  has  also  an  interest  in  the 
book  and  stationery  business  in  Halifax 
and  elsewhere,  and  is  the  patentee  of  a 
valuable  invention  in  connection  with  the 
manufacture  of  paper,  which  is  used  ex- 
tensively in  Great  Britain.  Mr.  Knowles 
has  proved  himself  an  active  and  enterpris- 
ing citizen,  being  a  member  of  the  town 
council  of  Windsor,  and  is  also  closely  iden- 
tified with  various  public  and  private  under- 
takings. He  was  married  in  1871,  to  Lydia 
Lockhart,  of  Falmouth,  and  has  a  family  of 
five  children. 

Prior,  Thomas  James,  Manager  of 
the  Lybster  Cotton  Mills, Merritton, Ontario, 
was  born  in  Toronto,  on  12th  November,  1849. 
His  father,  Richard  Prior,  was  a  British 
soldier,  who  settled  in  Canada  about  1847, 
and  his  mother,  Ann  Richard,  was  a  Cana- 
dian by  birth.  Thomas  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  city.  Shortly 
after  leaving  school,  he  went  into  a  grocery 
store,  where  he  served  about  four  years,  and 
then  into  the  warehouse  of  Gordon,  Mackay 
and  Co.,  wholesale  dry  goods  merchants,  To- 
ronto. Here  he  remained  about  a  year, 
when  in  1868,  he  was  transferred  to  that 
firm's  cotton  mills  at  Merritton.  In  this 
place  he  began  his  upward  career,  and 
worked  in  a  subordinate  position  until  1878, 
when  he  was  appointed  manager.  Since  then 
he  has  steadily  devoted  himself  to  the  busi- 
ness, and  we  can  say  there  is  now  not  a  more 
competent  manager  of  a  cotton  mill  in  the 
Dominion.  For  several  years  he  has  made 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


311 


it  a  rule  to  visit  the  New  England  mills,  and 
pick  up  all  the  new  ideas  introduced,  and  by 
this  means,  he  has  been  able  to  produce  in 
the  Lybster  mills  the  finest  cotton  fabrics  in 
the  Canadian  markets,  Mr.  Prior  has  been 
a  temperate  man  from  youth,  and  has  in 
consequence  exerted  a  good  influence  among 
the  employees  in  the  mill  and  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood in  which  he  resides.  He  has  in  his 
day  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the  Liberal- 
Conservative  cause,  especially  in  its  protec- 
tive policy,  but  is  not  in  favour  of  a  too 
high  tariff.  In  religion,  he  is  an  adherent 
of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  was  married 
in  October,  1878,  to  Sarah  Ann,  daughter 
of  Alexander  and  Mary  Winslow,of  Thorold, 
Ontario,  and  has  a  family  of  four  children, 
two  boys  and  two  girls. 

Woodland,  Rev.  Ja§.  Barnaby, 
Pastor  of  "The  Temple"  Baptist  church, 
Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  Wal- 
lace, Nova  Scotia,  on  the  13th  of  August, 
1 840.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Richard  Wood- 
land, who  came  from  Ireland  to  America 
with  his  wife,  Annie  Coulter,  shortly  after 
their  marriage.  The  grandfather  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  an  officer  in  the  Home 
Guards  during  the  Irish  rebellion,  and,  on 
account  of  his  loyalty  to  the  Crown,  suffered 
much  in  property  and  estate.  Rev.  Mr. 
Woodland  was  educated  for  the  ministry  at 
the  Baptist  Institutions  at  Wolfville,  but 
failing  health  compelled  him  to  retire  before 
he  completed  the  course.  Being  shut  out 
from  study,  he  started  the  Maritime  Sentinel, 
a  weekly  newspaper,  which  he  successfully 
conducted  for  several  years,  first  at  Oxford, 
and  afterwards  at  Amherst,  N.S.  During 
this  time  he  was  twice  nominated  and  several 
times  solicited  to  become  a  candidate  to  re- 
present the  interests  of  Cumberland  county 
in  both  the  Local  and  Dominion  parlia- 
ments, but  always  having  in  view  a  return 
to  the  ministry,  he  invariably  declined. 
After  quietly  pursuing  literary  work  and  stu- 
dies for  some  years,  and  regaining  vigour,  he 
sold  out  his  newspaper,  and  re-entered  the 
ministry.  His  first  pastorate  was  in  Caven- 
dish, Prince  Edward  Island,  where  he  was 
ordained  in  1878,  and  laboured  for  about 
seven  years.  He  then  removed  to  Yar- 
mouth, Nova  Scotia,  and  accepted  the  pas- 
torate of  "  The  Temple,"  one  of  the  three 
Baptist  churches  in  that  city,  which  position 
he  occupies  at  the  present  time.  He  held, 
during  the  period  previous  to  his  ordination 
to  the  ministry,  several  positions  of  trust 
indicative  of  public  confidence.  For  years 
he  acted  as  justice  of  the  peace  in  the  towns 
where  he  resided,  and  for  four  or  five  years 


was  grand  provincial  secretary  of  the  old 
order  of  British  Templars.  He  was  one  of 
the  committee  who  drafted  the  original  con- 
stitution of  the  Dominion  Alliance,  and  as- 
sisted to  institute  it  at  Montreal  years  ago, 
and  has  continued  ever  since  to  be  a  promi- 
nent advocate  of  temperance  and  prohibition, 
whose  assistance  in  temperance  campaign 
work  is  widely  sought  for  over  the  Maritime 
provinces.  He  was  for  a  long  time  one  of 
the  active  leaders  in  the  Independent  Order 
of  Good  Templars,  and  resigned  the  office 
of  grand  chief  in  1886.  For  several  years 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Board,  and  is  at  present  vice-presi- 
dent of  that  institution.  He  is  a  master 
Mason,  and  at  the  present  time  senior 
warden  of  Hiram  lodge,  No.  12,  at  Yar- 
mouth, N.S.  On  the  28th  of  December, 
1865,  Rev.  Mr.  Woodland  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Marie  Julia  Livingstone,  eldest 
daughter  of  Angus  Livingstone,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  and  a  relative  of  the  late  Dr.  Liv- 
ingstone, the  African  explorer. 

!>i  iimmoml,  Andrew  Thoma§, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  was  born  on  the  ]8th  of  July, 
1844,  at  Kingston,  Ontario.  His  father, 
Andrew  Drummond,  was  a  native  of  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  being  born  there  in  1811. 
He  received  a  university  education,  and 
intended  adopting  the  profession  of  writer 
to  the  Signet,  but  in  1833,  he  was  invited 
to  remove  to  Canada  by  his  uncle,  Robert 
Drummond,  who  was  then  executing  ex- 
tensive works  on  the  Rideau  Canal  A 
few  months  after  his  arrival  in  Canada,  his 
uncle  died  from  the  Asiatic  cholera  of  1834, 
and  he  was  then  compelled  to  close  up  his 
uncle's  business.  After  accomplishing  this, 
he  entered  the  service  of  the  Commercial 
Bank  of  Canada,  at  Kingston,  and  has  occu- 
pied a  prominent  position  in  that  and  the 
Bank  of  Montreal,  as  manager  in  a  number 
of  the  cities  of  Canada,  for  a  period  of  fifty 
years.  He  retired  in  1885,  on  a  well  earned 
competence,  and  is  this  year  (1887)  still  in 
the  enjoyment,  at  the  age  of  seventy- six,  of 
every  faculty,  having  just  completed,  with  his 
wife,  a  three  months  trip  across  the  contin- 
ent. In  1838,  he  married  Margaret  Sinclair, 
an  adopted  daughter  and  niece  of  the  father 
of  the  Hon.  0.  Mowat.  Miss  Sinclair  was 
born  at  Peterhead,  Scotland,  in  1816,  where 
her  father  was  a  Custom-house  officer,  but 
he  dying  when  she  was  a  child,  it  fell  to  her 
lot  to  be  provided  for  in  Canada.  Although 
seventy,  she  is  still  hale  and  healthy,  and 
both,  with  their  nine  children  still  form 
a  family  unbroken  by  a  death.  Andrew 
Thomas  Drummond,  the  subject  of  this 


312 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


sketch,  was  their  third  child,  and  when  a  few 
months  old  he  removed  to  Bytown  (now  Ot- 
tawa), where  his  father  was  appointed  mana- 
ger of  the  Commercial  Bank.  Here  he  re- 
ceived his  elementary  education,  and,  at  the 
age  of  nine,  when  his  father  was  appointed 
manager  of  the  Bank  of  Montreal  at  King- 
ston, he  was  sent  to  Queen's  College  school, 
and  began  the  study  of  Latin.  In  1857, 
when  he  was  scarce  thirteen,  he  entered 
Queen's  College,  after  passing  a  successful 
entrance  examination,  and  is  believed  to 
have  been  the  youngest  student  to  enter  the 
college  before,  and  perhaps  since.  He  was 
always  noted  as  extremely  studious,  and  at 
the  age  of  sixteen  had  taken  his  degree  of 
B.A.  at  the  university.  During  his  university 
studies  which  he  still  continued,  he  deve- 
loped a  strong  desire  for  the  acquisition  of 
a  knowledge  of  geology  and  botany,  and  was 
a  large  collector  of  specimens,  which  in  later 
years  he  presented  to  the  college.  In  1868, 
he  received  his  degree  of  LL.B.,  and  on 
leaving  his  college  life,  he  decided  upon  the 
profession  of  a  barrister.  With  this  in  view 
he  entered  the  law  office  of  Sir  Alexander 
Campbell,  at  Kingston,  and  in  1866,  passed 
his  examination  for  barrister  with  much 
credit  at  Toronto.  He  practised  in  London, 
Ontario,  with  Mr.  Abbott,  and  later  on  ori- 
ginated the  law  firm  of  Campbell  &  Drum- 
mond,  at  Ottawa.  About  1869,  an  opportu- 
nity opened  in  Montreal  for  his  engaging 
in  commercial  pursuits,  and  he  removed 
thither,  where  he  has  since  been  largely  in- 
terested in  this  line,  much  of  it  being  in  the 
development  of  the  North- West.  In  this 
class  of  business  he  1?as  been  very  success- 
ful, as  he  leans  rather  to  the  side  of  cauti- 
ousness than  otherwise.  He  is  a  director  in 
the  Manitoba  and  North- Western  Railway  ; 
a  director  in  the  Montreal  and  Western 
Land  Company  ;  trustee  of  Queen's  Univer- 
sity, at  Kingston  ;  trustee  of  Trafalgar  In- 
stitute, Montreal ;  and  one  of  the  editors  of 
the  Record  of  Science.  He  is  author  of  the 
following  articles  : — In  "  Canadian  Month- 
ly," "  Imperial  and  Colonial  Confederation, 
Our  Public  Indebtedness."  In  "Canadian 
Naturalist,"  "  Observations  on  Canadian 
Geographical  Botany  ;"  "  Catalogue  of  Can- 
adian Lichens  ; "  "  Distribution  of  Plants  in 
Canada,  in  some  of  its  relations  to  Physical 
and  Past  Geological  Conditions  ;"  "  Statis- 
tical Features  of  the  Flora  of  Canada  ;"  "  In- 
troduced and  Spreading  Plants  of  Canada  ;" 
"  Botanical  and  Geological  Notes."  In 
Montreal  Horticultural  Society's  Reports, 
"Canadian  Timber  Trees  ;"  ''Forestry  in 
Canada."  In"  Magazine  of  Science,"  "Note 


on  Canadian  Forests."  In  British  Association 
Reports,  "  Distribution  of  Canadian  Forest 
Trees  in  its  relations  to  Climate."  In  "  Hand- 
book for  Canada,"  published  for  British  As- 
sociation meeting,  the  article  on  "  Forestry 
and  Lower  St.  Lawrence  Flora."  In  "Re- 
cord of  Science,"  "Our  North- West  Prai- 
ries, their  Origin  and  Forests  ,"  "  The  Dis- 
tribution and  Climatic  Relations  of  British 
North  American  Plants  ;"  "  Affinities  of  the 
Tendrils  in  the  Virginian  Creeper."  In  1881, 
he  married  Florence  Wonham,  the  eldest 
daughter  of  a  well-known  Montreal  whole- 
sale merchant,  and  has  a  family  of  two 
children. 

Hewson,  €liarle§  Went  worth  Up- 
Iiam,  M.D.,  L.R.C.P.,  and  L.M.  (Edin- 
burgh), Amherst,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  in 
Jolicure,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  28th  Feb- 
ruary, 1844.  His  parents  were  William  A. 
Hewson  and  Elizabeth  Chandler.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  at  the  Sackville,  Mount 
Allison,  and  St.  Joseph  colleges,  New 
Brunswick,  and  adopted  medicine  as  a  pro- 
fession. He  began  his  practice  in  River 
Herbert,  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  for  eleven 
years  carried  it  on  very  successfully.  Then, 
in  1883,  he  went  to  Scotland,  and  for  some 
time  attended  the  Royal  Infirmary  of  Edin- 
burgh, where  he  took  the  degrees  of  L.R.C.P. 
and  L.M.  On  his  return  he  settled  in  Am- 
herst, Nova  Scotia,  in  May,  1884,  where  he 
has  since  enjoyed  a  lucrative  practice.  Dr. 
Hewson  is  coroner  for  the  county  of  Cumber- 
land. Some  years  ago  he  joined  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in 
this  ancient  order  of  brotherhood.  In  poli- 
tics the  doctor  is  a  Liberal,  and  in  religion 
is  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
He  was  married  on  the  29th  of  December, 
1874,  to  Mary  E.  Hapgood,  a  native  of 
Calais,  Maine.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage 
has  been  four  children,  only  two  of  whom 
survive,  namely,  Florence  R.  and  Charles  E. 

Allison,  Cliarle§,  Inspector  of  Weights 
and  Measures,  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  was 
born  at  Kentville,  Kings  county,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  the  22nd  of  September,  1821.  His 
father  was  Samuel  Leonard  Allison,  protho- 
notary  of  Kings  county,  who  was  grandson 
of  Joseph  Allison,  who  emigrated  from  New- 
ton Limavady,  a  town  on  Lough  Foyle,  near 
Londonderry,  Ireland,  and  settled  in  Hor- 
ton,  Kings  county,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1774. 
Joseph  Allison,  the  greatgrandfather  of  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  had  four  sons,  namely: 
John,  William,  James  and  Joseph,  and  all 
the  old  stock  of  the  Allisons  in  New  Bruns- 
wick and  Nova  Scotia  are  descended  from 
them.  Many  of  this  family  have  attained, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


313 


marked  prominence,  as  witness:  David  Alli- 
son, LL.D.,is  the  present  Superintendent  of 
Education  of  Nova  Scotia  ;  Charles  Allison, 
the  founder  of  Mount  Allison  University  ; 
Henry  Allison,  ex-M.  P. ,  and  others  that  will 
occur  to  Maritime  province  readers.  Of 
Joseph's  sons,  Israel  (deceased),  was  sheriff 
of  Colchester,  for  some  years  ;  Jonathan 
(deceased),  who  was  one  of  Halifax's  most 
successful  business  men;  Edward  (deceased), 
who  removed  to  St.  John,  New  Brunswick, 
and  entered  mercantile  life.  The  latter  gen- 
tleman was  the  father  of  Dr.  Allison,  and 
J.  C.  Allison,  C.E..  of  St.  John.  Two  other 
sons  of  Joseph,  Henry  and  Joseph,  died  at 
an  early  age.  Charles  Allison's  mother  was 
Sophia  Barss,  of  Liverpool.  Deacon  Samuel 
Barss,  the  founder  of  the  Barss  family,  was 
of  English  origin,  settling  in  Connecticut, 
where  he  married  a  daughter  of  the  cele- 
brated John  Alden,  a  contemporary  and 
friend  of  Miles  Standish.  In  the  latter  part 
of  the  last  century,  the  family  emigrated 
to  Nova  Scotia,  and  settled  in  Annapolis. 
Joseph  Barss  settled  in  Liverpool,  and  was 
the  founder  of  the  Queen's  county  branch  of 
the  Barss  family.  At  one  time,  while  away 
with  his  vessel,  he  was  captured  by  a  French 
privateer  and  taken  to  France,  where  he 
was  kept  prisoner  until  exchanged.  Charles 
Allison  was  first  sent  to  the  school  at  Kent- 
ville,  in  his  native  county,  and  afterwards 
attended  for  a  time  the  academy  at  Liverpool, 
in  Queens  county,  and  picked  up  such  an 
education  as  could  be  procured  in  these  in- 
stitutions in  those  early  days.  On  leaving 
school  he  was  sent  to  Halifax,  where  he  be- 
came a  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store,  and  served 
four  years  in  this  place.  He  then  left  Hali- 
fax, and  joining  his  father  and  the  rest  of 
the  family  at  Kentville,  they  shortly  after- 
wards removed  to  Kempt,  in  Queens  county, 
and  bought  a  farm  with  some  improvements. 
Here  Mr.  Allison  resided  for  forty  years.  He 
took  an  active  interest  in  military  affairs,  and 
in  1864,  when  the  provincial  militia  was  or- 
ganized, he  was  appointed  lieutenant- colonel 
of  the  3rd  Queens  county  regiment,  and  re- 
tired a  few  years  ago,  retaining  his  rank. 
He  has  held  a  number  of  public  offices  during 
his  active  life  time.  In  1858,  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  justice  of  the  peace  ;  and  in  1863, 
he  entered  the  field  of  politics,  was  elected 
to  a  seat  in  the  Provincial  Legislature,  for 
Queens  county,  and  was  one  of  the  number 
who  helped  to  carry  the  free  school  bill  in 
1866,  and  the  following  year  the  act  for  the 
confederation  of  the  provinces.  On  the  dis- 
solution of  the  House  of  Assembly,  and  the 
formation  of  the  new  government,  Mr.  Alli- 


son was  chosen  commissioner  of  Mines  and 
Works.  In  September,  1867,  an  appeal  wa& 
made  to  the  country,  with  the  result  that  the 
whole  "  Union  party  "  were  defeated,  Mr. 
Allison  being  among  the  number,  with  the 
exception  of  Sir  Charles  Tupper,  in  Cumber- 
land, and  Hon.  Hiram  Blanchard,  the  attor- 
ney-general, in  Inverness.  Mr.  Allison  has 
once  since  presented  himself  for  legislative 
favours,  but  was  defeated  ;  he  nevertheless 
continues  to  take  an  interest  in  all  the  mea- 
sures that  come  up  in  the  local  and  Dominion 
parliaments.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Liberal- 
Conservative,  and  in  religion  an  adherent 
of  the  Baptist  church.  He  was  married  at 
Caledonia,  Queens  county,  on  the  19th  Julyr 
1847,  to  Lavinia  Freeman,  whose  grand- 
father, Simeon  Freeman,  of  English  Puritan 
descent,  was  the  first  male  child  born  in 
Queens  county.  The  fruit  of  this  union 
has  been  nine  children,  seven  of  whom  are 
living, — two  boys,  Henry  and  Charles  Ed- 
ward, and  five  daughters,  four  of  whom  are 
married,  one  a  resident  of  Liverpool,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  three  residing  with  their  hus- 
bands in  Boston. 

Lyman,  Frederick  Style§,  B.A., 
B.C.L.,  Barrister,  Montreal,  was  born  in 
that  city  on  the  6th  of  January,  1844.  He  is 
a  son  of  Henry  Lyman,  senior  partner  of 
the  firm  of  Lyman,  Sons  &  Co.,  of  Montreal, 
and  Lyman  Brothers  &  Co.,  of  Toronto-, 
president  of  the  Citizens'  Insurance  Com- 
pany, and  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Cana- 
da Shipping  Company,  etc.  The  Lymans 
came  originally  from  Kent,  in  England,  and 
were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Massachu- 
setts, where  a  number  of  them  still  reside. 
Frederick  received  his  primary  education  at 
the  High  School  and  McGill  University, 
Montreal,  and  then  went  to  England,  and 
studied  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge, 
where  he  took  the  degree  of  B.A.,  in  1867. 
On  his  return  to  Montreal  he  received  the 
degree  of  B.C.L.  from  McGill  University. 
He  selected  law  as  a  profession,  and  after 
having  passed  a  creditable  examination, 
travelled  for  a  year  in  Europe,  visiting  the 
chief  cities  of  Britain  and  the  continent 
with  great  pleasure  and  profit  to  himself. 
On  his  return  he  entered  into  a  law  partner- 
ship with  John  Dunlop,  under  the  style  of 
Dunlop  &  Lyman,  as  advocates  and  solicitors, 
commissioners  for  Ontario  and  Nova  Scotia, 
etc.,  and  has  proved  himself  a  successful 
legal  practitioner.  Mr.  Lyman,  in  politics, 
is  a  Liberal ;  and  in  religion,  is  an  adherent 
of  the  Church  of  England.  He  was  married 
on  the  15th  August,  1871,  to  Louisa  Lyman, 
and  has  a  family  of  two  children. 


314 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Robert§on,  Andrew,  Chairman  of 
the  Board  of  Harbor  Commissioners,  Mon- 
treal, is  a  Scotchman  by  birth,  having 
been  born  in  Paisley,  in  Scotland,  on 
the  18th  June,  1827.  He  is  the  eldest  and 
only  son  of  the  late  Alexander  Robertson, 
of  Paisley,  by  his  first  wife,  Grant  Stuart 
Macdonald.  Mr.  Robertson  received  his 
education  at  the  Paisley  Grammar  School, 
.going  through  the  usual  curriculum  of 
English,  Latin  and  Greek.  Shortly  after 
leaving  school,  like  the  majority  of  Scotch 
boys,  he  learned  a  trade,  that  of  weaving. 
He  went,  in  1840,  to  Glasgow  to  push  his 
fortune.  Here  he  served  for  four  years  in 
A  dry  goods  store,  and  then  took  a  posi- 
tion in  a  manufacturer's  establishment.  In 
this  new  position  he  worked  hard,  and  hav- 
ing gained  the  confidence  of  his  employers, 
he  was  four  years  afterwards,  in  1848,  ad- 
mitted a  partner  in  the  business.  A  few 
years  later  on,  his  health  having  given 
way,  he  was  admonished  by  his  medical 
adviser  to  leave  Glasgow,  and  try  the  effects 
of  either  the  climate  of  Australia  or  Canada 
on  his  enfeebled  constitution.  He  decided 
on  the  latter  country,  and  along  with  his 
wife  and  two  sons  came  to  Montreal  in  1853. 
Shortly  after  his  arrival  he  went  into  the 
dry  goods  business,  and  soon  became  one 
of  the  leading  men  in  the  trade,  as  senior 
partner  in  the  firm  of  Bobertsons,  Linton 
and  Co.,  of  that  city.  Business  having 
succeeded,  Mr.  Robertson  was  enabled  to 
retire  from  it  in  1885,  and  he  is  now  en- 
joying other  and  perhaps  more  congenial 
pursuits.  Being  a  public  spirited  gentle- 
man, he  never  shirked  his  reponsibilities 
as  a  citizen.  In  1868  and  1869  he  accepted 
the  position  of  president  of  St.  Andrew's 
Society  of  Montreal;  in  1876  he  was  pre- 
sident of  the  Dominion  Board  of  Trade; 
in  1876  and  1877  he  was  president  of  the 
Montreal  Board  of  Trade;  was  the  first 
president  of  the  Dominion  Travellers'  As- 
sociation; has  been  the  president  of  the 
Royal  Canadian  Insurance  Company  since 
1876 ;  and  president  of  the  BeU  Telephone 
Company  of  Canada  since  its  organization 
in  1880.  In  1872  Mr.  Robertson  became 
one  of  the  governors  of  the  Montreal  Gene- 
ral Hospital,  and  since  that  period  has  filled 
the  offices  of  treasurer,  vice-president,  and 
is  now  president.  In  1879  he  was  elected 
chairman  of  the  Board  of  Harbor  Com- 
missioners for  Montreal,  and  he  has  occu- 
pied this  position  ever  since.  He  has  also 


taken  an  interest  in  military  affairs,  and  in 
1861,  during  the  Trent  excitement,  he  was 
first  lieutenant  and  quartermaster  of  the 
Montreal  Light  Infantry  Company.  Mr. 
Robertson  is  an  adhejfent  of  the  Presbyterian 
church;  and  as  for  politics,  we  think  he 
would  rather  act  the  part  of  the  Good  Sa- 
maritan than  indulge  in  political  discus- 
sions. He  was  married  on  the  19th  April, 
1850,  to  Agnes,  youngest  daughter  of  the 
late  Alexander  Bow,  of  Glasgow,  and  has 
had  a  family  of  four  sons  and  six  daughters, 
two  of  the  latter  are  dead. 

Ro§ebrugh,  John  Wellington, 
M.D.,  Hamilton,  Ontario,  President  of  the 
Ontario  Medical  Association,  1887,  and 
member  of  the  Council  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario.  This 
distinguished  medical  gentleman  was  born 
near  Gait,  in  the  county  of  Waterloo,  On- 
tario, on  the  5th  November,  1828.  His  fa- 
ther was  the  late  Thomas  Rosebrugh,  of 
Dumfries,  who,  when  a  lad  of  sixteen,  took 
up  his  gun,  went  to  the  frontier,  and  fought 
for  his  young  country  at  the  battles  of  Lun- 
dy's  Lane  and  Queenston  Heights.  His 
grandfather  was  a  U.  E.  loyalist.  Dr. 
Rosebrugh  received  his  early  education  at 
the  schools  of  his  neighborhood,  the  Gait 
High  School  and  Victoria  College.  In  1850 
he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  under 
the  Hon.  Dr.  Rolph,  Dr.  Joseph  Workman, 
and  others,  afterwards  called  the  Toronto 
School  of  Medicine;  and  later  on  the  Med- 
ical department  of  the  University  of  Vic- 
toria College.  At  the  end  of  two  years  he 
passed  his  examination,  and  received  his 
licence  to  practice  from  the  Medical  Board 
of  Canada  in  1852.  He  then  went  on  to 
New  York,  attended  an  additional  course 
of  lectures  at  the  University  of  New  York 
city,  from  which  institution  he  received  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  in  1853.  Dur- 
ing his  sojourn  in  New  York,  he  faithfully 
followed  up  all  the  great  advantages  de- 
rivable from  the  lectures  and  clinics,  and 
witnessed  a  large  number  of  surgical  opera- 
tions in  the  hospitals  of  that  city.  Having 
a  natural  inclination  for  surgery,  he  culti- 
vated his  bent  in  that  direction,  and  thus 
laid  the  foundation  for  his  great  success  in 
after  life.  His  career  is  an  excellent  exam- 
ple of  what  can  be  gained  by  one  who  sets 
before  himself  a  high  ideal  of  life,  and  the 
steadfast  purpose  and  determination  to  rise 
to  a  useful  and  exalted  position  in  his  pro- 
fession. Only  force  of  character,  unusual 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


315 


energy,  and  strenuous  devotion  to  his  high 
purpose  could  win  such  signal  success  as  he 
has  attained  without  the  adventitious  aids 
of  an  artificial  society,  professorships,  or 
hospital  appointments.  Success  is  always 
a  relative  term,  and  is  used  appropriately 
only  when  employed  to  describe  conditions  in 
which  effort  guided  by  intelligence  and  skill 
to  definite  purpose  accomplishes  its  aims. 
If  this  be  true,  then  no  physician  in  Can- 
ada to-day  has  a  stronger  claim  to  this  dis- 
tinction than  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  for 
his  effort  and  perseverance  have  placed  him 
in  the  front  rank  of  his  profession.  He  is 
a  licentiate  of  the  Canada  Medical  Board, 
1852;  M.D.,  University  of  New  York  city, 
1853;  M.D.,  University  Victoria  College, 
1855;  member  of  the  Council  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Ontario ;  mem- 
ber of  the  Ontario  Medical  Association; 
member  of  the  Canada  Medical  Association; 
member  of  the  British  Medical  Associa- 
tion; member  of  the  International  Medi- 
cal Congress ;  honorary  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association;  fellow  ~of 
the  British  Gynecological  Society;  corres- 
ponding member  of  the  Boston  Gynecolo- 
gical Society,  etc.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that 
he  has  already  reached  a  higher  degree 
of  prominence  in  the  medical  profession  of 
the  country  than  has  been  the  fortune  of 
but  few  disciples  of  ^Esculapius  to  enjoy. 
His  success  as  a  physician  and  surgeon  is 
the  fruit  of  hard  work,  persevering  research 
and  natural  adaptability  to  his  chosen  pro- 
fession. His  cheerful  presence  is  a  blessing 
to  any  sick  chamber,  and  his  mild  and  gen- 
tle manners  bring  cheer  and  comfort  to  the 
suffering  and  desponding  ones,  while  his 
quiet  though  earnest  assurances  of  recovery 
infuse  hope  and  joy  into  the  desponding 
hear.t.  He  always  had  a  penchant  for  sur- 
gery, and,  besides  his  hospital  practice 
during  the  time  the  railways  were  being 
constructed  about  Hamilton  and  Dundas, 
had  quite  a  large  experience  in  surgical 
operations,  so  that  before  he  took  up  his 
specialty,  he  had  the  reputation  of  being  an 
excellent  general  surgeon.  His  practice, 
however,  during  the  last  few  years  has  grad- 
ually drifted  more  and  more  into  gynecol- 
ogy  and  abdominal  surgery.  His  great 
skill  and  wonderful  success  as  an  ovario- 
tomist  and  abdominal  surgeon,  soon  attract- 
ed the  attention  of  his  medical  brethren,  and 
they  sent  him  the  difficult  cases  which  they 
did  not  wish  to  undertake  themselves.  In 


order  to  improve  his  knowledge  as  an  ab- 
dominal surgeon,  he  has  made  frequent  vis- 
its to  the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  and 
the  continent  of  Europe.  In  this  way  he 
became  practically  acquainted  with  the 
methods  of  the  most  celebrated  abdominal 
surgeons  in  the  world,  including  Sir  Spen- 
cer Wells,  Thomas  Keith,  Lawson  Tait, 
Granville  Bantock,  Knowsly  Thornton, 
Carl  Schroader,  and  A.  Martin.  Dr.  Kose- 
brugh  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  the  town  of  Dundas,  where  he 
resided  for  a  period  of  three  years,  and  then 
accepted  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Billings,  of 
Hamilton.  This  co-partnership  at  the  end 
of  three  years  was  dissolved  by  mutual  con- 
sent, and  Dr.  Kosebrugh  since  that  time 
has  practised  by  himself.  While  residing 
in  Dundas  he  was  appointed  coroner  for  the 
county  of  Wentworth,  and  after  removing 
to  Hamilton  he  was  appointed  coroner  for 
the  city,  and,  associated  with  the  late  Hon. 
H.  B.  Bull,  he  presided  with  noted  ability 
and  dignity  at  the  celebrated  inquest  con- 
cerning the  Desjardins  Bridge  accident, 
where  about  sixty  persons  were  killed  and 
a  large  number  wounded.  In  1858  he  was 
appointed  president  of  the  Mechanics'  In- 
stitute, at  that  time  and  for  some  years  sub- 
sequently a  flourishing  institution  of  the 
city.  In  the  year  1860  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  city  council,  and  immediate- 
ly gave  his  particular  attention  to  the  reor- 
ganization of  the  city  hospital  system,  which 
was  at  that  time  more  a  hole-and-corner 
concern,  or  a  house  of  refuge,  than  a  hos- 
pital. At  first  he  met  with  a  formidable 
opposition  to  all  efforts  at  reform,  but  his 
personal  popularity  and  influence  gradually 
won  over  a  majority  of  the  friends  of  the 
old  regime,  and  towards  the  end  of  his  sec- 
ond year  in  the  council  he  carried  his  by- 
law of  reform.  This  by-law  was  so  perfect 
in  all  its  details  that  it  stands  to-day  at  the 
end  of  a  quarter  of  a  century,  with  scarcely 
an  alteration.  After  carrying  through  his 
scheme,  he  remained  in  the  council  another 
year  as  chairman  of  the  hospital  committee, 
in  order  to  get  the  new  by-law  into  good 
working  order.  In  educational  matters  he 
has  always  taken  a  deep  interest,  and  for 
a  number  of  years  was  a  member  of  the 
Grammar  and  Public  School  Board.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  promoters,  and  is  still  a  di- 
rector of  the  Ladies'  College.  He  has  al- 
ways taken  a  lively  interest  and  an  active 
part  in  the  great  temperance  movement,  and 


316 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


is  a  liberal  supporter  of  that  cause.  He 
was  born  and  brought  up  in  the  Methodist 
Church,  and  has  never  left  its  fold.  He  was 
one  of  the  promoters  of  the  Centenary 
Church,  and  has  held  the  office  of  trustee 
and  steward  from  the  time  that  church  was 
erected.  Dr.  Rosebrugh  is  an  active  and 
enterprising  member  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession, determined  from  the  beginning  to 
keep  fully  abreast  with  the  literature  and 
knowledge  of  the  times,  taking  the  best 
medical  journals  and  purchasing  the  newest 
books.  He  was  one  of  the  first  elected  un- 
der the  new  by-law  as  attending  physician 
to  the  hospital,  which  he  held-as  long  as  he 
wished,  and  was  then  chosen  one  of  the 
consulting  physicians.  During  the  time  of 
his  service  he  was  for  some  years  chairman 
of  the  staff.  He  was  one  of  the  active 
founders  of  the  Hamilton  Medical  and  Sur- 
gical Society,  which  is  still  in  a  flourishing 
condition,  and  was  president  of  the  same. 
To  him  more  than  any  one  else  belongs  the 
honor  of  the  formation  of  the  Ontario  Med- 
ical Association,  as  he  was  the  first  to  urge 
the  medical  journals  to  write  the  matter  up; 
and  he  attended  the  preliminary  meeting 
in  Toronto  for  the  purpose  of  drafting  the 
by-laws  for  the  management  of  the  same. 
This  growing  and  flourishing  association 
has  now  been  in  existence  about  seven  years, 
and  this  year  chose  Dr.  Bosebrugh  presi- 
dent for  1887-8. 

Lewis,  William  Jame§,  M.D.,  Hills- 
borough,  M.P.P.  for  Albert  county,  New 
Brunswick,  was  born  in  1830,  in  Hills- 
borough,  N.B.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of  the 
Hon.  John  Lewis,  member  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Council  of  New  Brunswick,  and  Lavi- 
nia  Lewis.  *His  father's  ancestors  emigra- 
ted from  Wales  about  1750,  and  settled  in 
New  York.  Being  United  Empire  loyalists, 
they  left  the  United  States  at  the  close  of 
the  revolutionary  war  in  1783,  and  took  up 
their  abode  in  Moncton,  New  Brunswick, 
where  a  good  many  of  their  descendants 
are  still  to  be  found.  His  mother's  ances- 
tors came  from  Londonderry,  Ireland,  over 
a  hundred  years  ago  and  settled  in  the 
Maritime  provinces.  Mr.  Lewis  was  first 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  the 
parish  where  he  was  born,  and  afterwards 
at  Sackville  Academy,  Westmoreland  coun- 
ty, New  Brunswick.  Having  chosen  the 
medical  profession,  he  went  over  to  Scotland 
and  studied  medicine  at  the  Glasgow  Uni- 
versity, where  he  graduated  with  honors  in 


1855,  and  also  at  the  College  of  Surgeons 
in  Edinburgh  in  May  of  the  same  year.  On 
his  return  to  Hillsborough  he  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  has  continu- 
ed there  ever  since,  having  built  up  a  lu- 
crative business.  For  the  last  twenty-five 
years  he  has  held  the  position  of  coroner 
for  Albert  county.  In  1878  he  entered  po- 
litical life,  and  was  at  the  general  election 
of  that  year  returned  as  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Assembly  of  New  Brunswick ;  re- 
elected  at  the  general  election  of  1882,  and 
again  at  the  general  election  of  1886.  In 
1882  he  was  sworn  in  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council,  and  took  office  without 
a  portfolio  in  the  Harrington-Landry  ad- 
ministration, but  resigned  with  his  collea- 
gues in  February,  1883.  In  politics,  Dr. 
Lewis  is  a  Liberal-Censervative;  and  in  re- 
religion,  following  in  the  footsteps  of  his 
parents,  his  sympathies  are  with  the  Baptist 
church.  He  has  been  twice  married;  first, 
in  1877,  to  Melissa,  daughter  of  Kichard  E. 
Steever,  postmaster  of  Hillsborough.  She 
died  in  October,  1882,  without  issue.  He 
was  again  married  in  August,  1885,  to 
Catharine  Duffy,  daughter  of  the  late  John 
Duffy,  of  Hillsborough,  N.B.,  and  has  issue 
a  daughter. 

Daly,  Thoiua§  IHayiie,  M.P.,  Barris- 
ter, Brandon,  Manitoba,  was  born  on  the 
16th  August,  1852,  at  Stratford,  Ontario. 
He  is  the  second  son  of  the  late  Thomas 
Mayne  Daly,  by  his  wife  Helen  McLaren 
Ferguson,  a  native  of  Crieff,  Perthshire, 
Scotland,  who  came  to  Canada  in  1844  with 
her  father,  the  late  Peter  Ferguson,  ot 
Stratford,  architect.  He  is  a  grandson  of 
the  late  Lieut.-Colonel  I.  C.  W.  Daly,  who 
settled  in  Stratford  in  1832,  and  who  was 
for  many  years  after  agent  of  the  Canada 
Company,  and  also  of  the  Bank  of  Upper 
Canada  in  Stratford.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  first  council  of  the  district  of  Huron  in 
1842,  and  he  was  also  the  first  mayor  of 
Stratford  (1858).  He  died  on  the  1st 
April,  1878,  in  the  eighty-third  year  of  his 
age,  being  at  the  time  of  his  death  the  old- 
est militia  officer,  magistrate  and  coroner 
in  the  whole  of  the  country  formerly  com- 
prising the  old  Huron  district,  and  now 
comprising  the  counties  of  Huron,  Perth 
and  Bruce.  The  history  of  the  last  half  cen- 
tury of  his  life  is  very  intimately  connected 
with  the  history  of  the  old  "  Huron  Tract.'* 
Thomas  Mayne  Daly,  the  father  of  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch,  was  born  at  Hamilton, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


317 


Ontario,  in  1827,  and  died  at  Stratford  5th 
March,  1885.  He  was  educated  at  Upper 
Canada  College,  Toronto.  He  entered  pub- 
lic life  in  1848,  being  elected  in  that  year  as 
a  district  councillor  from  Downie,  in  the 
Huron  district.  In  1850  he  was  elected 
first  reeve  of  North  East  Hope,  and  was 
mayor  of  Stratford  during  the  years  1869, 
and  1876-77  and  '78,  He  was  the  first  re- 
presentative sent  to  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly of  Canada  from  the  county  of  Perth 
after  its  organization  as  a  separate  county 
in  1854.  He  was  again  elected  in  1857,  over 
the  Hon.  Wm.  McDougall.  He  was  defeat- 
ed at  the  general  election,  1861,  by  the  Hon. 
M.  H.  Foley,  but  that  gentleman  having 
been  also  elected  for  South  Waterloo,  he  re- 
signed his  seat  for  Perth,  and  at  the  elec- 
tion which  followed  Mr.  Daly  was  returned 
in  opposition  to  the  late  Robert  Macfarlane, 
who,  however,  defeated  him  at  the  next 
general  election.  At  the  first  election  after 
confederation,  the  county  being  then  divid- 
ed into  two  ridings,  Mr.  Daly  unsuccess- 
fully opposed  James  Bedford  for  North 
Perth;  but  at  the  general  election  in  1872 
he  defeated  Mr.  Bedford,  and  was  govern- 
ment "  whip  "  during  the  celebrated  "  Pa- 
cific Scandal "  session  at  Ottawa,  and  the 
mover  of  the  adjournment  of  the  debate  the 
night  previous  to  the  resignation  of  the 
Macdonald-Cartier  administration.  Mr. 
Daly  in  1874  was  elected  for  North  Perth  to 
the  Ontario  legislature,  and  sat  out  the 
term  of  the  second  parliament.  Having 
been  defeated  for  the  local  legislature  at  the 
general  provincial  elections  of  1875,  he  was 
tendered  the  Conservative  nomination  for 
North  Perth  at  the  general  Dominion  elec- 
tion in  1878,  but  declined  for  private  rea- 
sons, and  then  retired  from  public  life. 
Thomas  Mayne  Daly,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  received  his  education  at  the  Upper 
Canada  College  in  Toronto.  Having  adopt- 
ed law  as  a  profession  he  was  admitted  to 
the  Ontario  bar  in  Michaelmas  term,  1876, 
and  began  practice  in  the  city  of  Stratford, 
Ontario,  on  10th  January,  1877,  and  con- 
tinued until  May,  1881,  when  he  removed 
to  Manitoba,  and  took  up  his  residence  in 
Brandon  in  that  province,  on  the  18th  July, 
1881.  Here  he  has  resided  ever  since,  and  is 
now  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Daly  & 
Coldwell,  barristers,  etc.  Mr.  Daly  was 
among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Brandon ;  and 
was  the  returning  officer  at  the  first  general 
election  held  in  the  district  for  the  local  leg- 


islature in  October,  1881,  and  was  also  re- 
turning officer  for  the  first  municipal  election 
in  the  county  of  Brandon  in  December  of  the 
same  year.  In  1882  he  was  elected  the  first 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Brandon;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  same  office  in  1884.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  Western  Judicial  District 
Board  of  Manitoba,  1884.  He  is  a  bencher 
of  the  Law  Society  of  Manitoba,  and  a 
member  of  the  Protestant  Board  of  Educa- 
tion of  that  province.  He  was  president 
of  the  first  Conservative  Association  formed 
in  Brandon  in  July,  1882;  is  now  vice-pre- 
sident for  Selkirk  of  the  Conservative  Union 
of  Manitoba,  and  president  of  the  Liberal- 
Conservative  Association  of  the  county  of 
Brandon.  During  Mr.  Daly's  residence  in 
Ontario  he  took  an  active  part  in  public 
affairs,  and  was  for  several  years  quarter- 
master of  the  "28th  Perth  battalion  of  militia, 
and  retired  from  the  service  in  1881  with 
the  rank  of  captain.  He  occupied  the  office 
of  president  of  the  Young  Men's  Conser- 
vative Association,  which  was  formed  in 
Stratford  in  1878,  and  during  the  years 
1880-81  he  held  a  seat  in  the  town  council 
of  Stratford;  and  was  a  member  of,  and 
subsequently  became  the  chairman  of,  the 
school  board  of  that  place.  In  politics  Mr. 
Daly  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and  in  reli- 
gion an  adherent  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land. He  was  married  on  the  4th  of  June, 
1879,  at  Stratford,  Ontario,  to  Margaret 
Annabella,  eldest  daughter  of  P.  B.  Jarvis. 
Borden,  Frederick  William,  B.A., 
M.D.,  M.P.,  Canning,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
on  the  14th  May,  1847,  at  Canard,  Kings 
county,  N.S.  His  father,  Jonathan  Borden, 
M.D.  (whose  great  grandfather,  Samuel 
Borden,  was  one  of  the  original  grantees  of 
the  township  of  Oornwallis,  in  the  reign 
of  King  George  III.,  A.D.  1764),  practised 
medicine  at  Canard  for  thirty  years.  Maria 
Frances  Brown,  his  mother,  was  a  descend- 
ant on  the  maternal  side  from  the  family  of 
Major  Dennison,  one  of  the  agents  from 
Connecticut  who  in  May,  1759,  visited  the 
districts  of  Grand  Pr^  and  Canard,  in  Kings 
county,  from  which  the  Acadians  had  been 
expatriated,  with  a  view  to  re-settling  the 
said  districts  with  a  colony  from  that  state. 
Her  brother,  Dr.  E.  L.  Brown,  sat  in  the 
legislature  of  Nova  Scotia  from  1847  till 
1859,  and  from  1863  till  1871,  having  been 
defeated  in  1859  by  another  brother,  J.  L. 
Brown,  who  held  the  seat  until  1863.  Both 
parents  are  dead.  Mr.  Borden  graduated 


318 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


in  arts  at  the  University  of  King's  College, 
Windsor,  N.S.,  in  June,  1866,  and  at  Har- 
vard University  in  medicine  in  July,  1868. 
He  was  a  member  of  King's  College  Univer- 
sity Rifle  Corps;  was  appointed  assistant 
surgeon  of  the  68th  battalion  active  militia 
22nd  October,  1869,  surgeon  on  the  22nd 
October,  1879,  and  principal  medical  officer 
of  the  brigade  camp  at  Aldershot  in  Sep- 
tember, 1887.  Dr.  Borden  has  been  agent 
of  the  Bank  of  Nova  Scotia  at  Canning 
since  September,  1882.  He  was  elected  to 
represent  Kings  county  in  the  House  of 
Commons  at  Ottawa  in  February,  1874  ; 
and  re-elected  in  September,  1875.  He  was 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  in  Jtme,  882, 
but  was  again  elected  in  February,  1887, 
by  a  majority  of  448  votes.  The  doctor 
has  practised  his  profession  (medicine)  con- 
tinuously at  Canning  since  September,  1 869, 
whither  he  had  removed  from  Canard  (the 
old  homestead),  about  four  miles  distant. 
He  married,  first,  Julia  Maude  Clarke,  on 
1st  October,  1873.  She  died  April  2nd, 
1880.  He  married  again,  on  June  12th, 
1884,  Bessie  Blanche  Clarke,  daughter  of 
John  H.  Clarke,  of  Canning,  N.S.  Her 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Elizabeth  Tup- 
per,  and  she  was  a  daughter  of  Augustus 
Tupper,  who  contested  Kings  county  several 
times  unsuccessfully  for  a  seat  in  the  Nova 
Scotian  Assembly,  and  who  was  an  uncle  of 
Sir  Charles  Tupper. 

Silver,  William  Chamberlain,  Pre- 
sident of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Hali- 
fax, Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  December  3rd,  1814.  He  is  a  son 
of  William  Nyren  Silver,  of  Port  Lee, 
Hampshire,  of  the  Silvers  of  Bopley,  White- 
church,  Southampton,  England;  and  of 
Elizabeth  Chamberlain,  whose  family  left 
New  England  at  the  close  of  the  revolution- 
ary war.  Mr.  Silver  received  his  education 
at  the  Halifax  Academy.  When  only  twenty 
years  of  age  he  served  as  a  colour  sergeant 
in  the  Light  Infantry  volunteers,  and  parti- 
cipated in  the  military  display  held  in 
honour  of  the  coronation  of  Her  Majesty, 
Queen  Victoria,  in  1838.  He  went  early 
into  business,  and  only  of  late  years  re- 
laxed his  habit  of  constant  application,  so 
far  as  to  spend  the  summer  months  with  his 
family,  at  a  beautiful  spot  about  six  miles 
from  Halifax,  known  as  Biver  Bank,  over- 
looking a  long  reach  of  Little  Salmon  Biver, 
a  stream  well  stocked  with  sea  trout  and 
salmon.  This  place  was  for  a  long  time  the 


country  seat  of  his  father,  and  here  Mr. 
Silver,  when  young,  naturally  developed  a 
strong  penchant  for  the  "  gentle  art,"  and 
became  a  devoted  disciple  of  Izaak  Walton. 
Although  he  has  taken  a  close  interest  in 
politics,  and  been  repeatedly  pressed  to 
accept  nominations  for  the  Local  and  Do- 
minion legislatures,  as  well  as  for  the  mayor- 
alty of  his  native  city,  yet,  in  consequence 
of  lack  of  robust  health,  and  the  heavy  de- 
mands on  his  time  of  other  public  and  pri- 
vate duties,  he  has  invariably  declined.  Mr. 
Silver,  throughout  the  whole  course  of  his 
life,  has  incessantly  laboured  in  the  ranks 
of  the  temperance  reformers,  and  his  name 
has  stood  prominent  in  every  fresh  effort  to 
advance  a  cause  he  has  so  much  at  heart. 
He  joined  the  order  of  the  Sons  of  Temper- 
ance soon  after  its  introduction  into  Nova 
Scotia,  and  in  1882  the  brotherhood  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  office  of  grand  worthy 
patriarch  of  the  Grand  Division  of  Nova 
Scotia.  He  has  served  as  president  of  the 
Halifax  School  Association,  an  association 
which  carried  to  a  successful  issue  the  ob- 
ject for  which  it  was  formed,  viz.,  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  public  high  school,  the  eleva- 
tion of  the  standard  of  education  in  the  city 
schools,  and  the  securing  of  equal  rights  to 
all  in  the  educational  system.  For  many 
years  he  was  vice-president  of  the  Halifax 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  as  chairman  of 
the  Internal  Trade  Committee,  he,  with 
others,  took  an  active  part  in  urging  the 
government  to  base  the  tariff  of  the  Inter- 
colonial Bailway  Company  on  principles 
adapted  to  national  development,  as  distin- 
guished from  trade  principles.  Mr.  Silver 
also  served  as  chairman  of  the  Joint  Com- 
mittee of  Citizens  and  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, whose  urgent  representations  to  the 
government  of  the  great  importance  of  ex- 
tending the  Intercolonial  Bailway  to  a  more 
central  point  of  the  city  than  the  Bichmond 
terminus,  of  the  necessity  for  building  a 
deep  water  terminus  and  grain  elevator, 
and  of  landing  the  British  mails  at  Halifax 
instead  of  Portland,  contributed  largely  to 
the  accomplishment  of  these  objects.  Since 
1884  Mr.  Silver  has  been  president  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce.  For  many  years 
he  acted  as  treasurer,  and  is  now  president 
of  the  Halifax  Western  Agricultural  So- 
ciety, atad  was  always  an  active  promoter 
of  the  industrial  and  agricultural  exhibi- 
tions held  in  Halifax  from  time  to  time.  For 
about  twenty  years  he  has  been  treasurer  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


319 


the  Institute  of  Natural  Science,  a  society 
whose  useful  work  is  well  known,  and 
whose  valued  publications  are  widely  dis- 
tributed through  the  scientific  world.  He 
has  also  filled  the  office  of  president  of  the 
St.  George's  Society,  and  for  some  years 
was  vice-president  of  the  Halifax  Library 
(eventually transferred  to  the  city).  For 
many  years  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Halifax  Medical  Dispensary,  and  vice-pre- 
sident of  the  School  for  the  Blind  of  the 
Maritime  provinces.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Conservative  up  to  the  time  of  confedera- 
tion, when  he  joined  the  Liberals  in  oppos- 
ing it.  After  the  Hon.  Joseph  Howe's  re- 
turn from  England,  when  it  became  clear 
that  repeal  was  impossible,  he  accepted 
the  situation,  and  returned  to  the  ranks  of 
the  Conservatives,  but  on  the  unearthing  of 
the  Pacific  scandal  he  again  changed  sides. 
He  took  no  part  in  the  recent  attempts  to 
separate  Nova  Scotia  from  the  confedera- 
tion. Mr.  Silver  has  travelled  a  good  deal. 
In  January,  1840,  he  sailed  from  Halifax  for 
Liverpool  in  the  barque  Corsair,  steam 
navigation  at  that  date  being  still  in  its 
infancy.  After  a  succession  of  heavy  gales 
the  ship  was  cast  away  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Mersey  river,  when  Mr.  Silver  and  the 
other  passengers  were  saved  by  a  lifeboat. 
On  other  occasions  he  has  visited  Europe 
with  Mrs.  Silver,  and  in  1879  spent  part  of 
the  summer  in  that  garden  of  England,  the 
Isle  of  Wight.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Church  of  England  from  childhood,  but 
has  always  been  found  working  shoulder 
to  shoulder  for  the  common  good  with 
members  of  other  religious  bodies.  He  has 
acted  as  representative  of  the  church,  first 
in  the  Diocesan  Church  Society,  and  in 
later  years  both  in  the  local  and  provincial 
synods,  the  latter  of  which  holds  its  sessions 
in  Montreal.  Among  other  offices  connect- 
ed with  church  work,  he  rilled  the  post  of 
vice-president  of  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society  ;  president  of  the  Halifax 
Church  Institute  ;  vice-president  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  ;  chair- 
man of  the  Church  Endowment  Fund  ; 
vice-president  of  the  Alumni  of  King's  Col- 
lege; and  governor  of  the  same  university. 
In  1885  he  took  part  in  an  effort  to  con- 
federate the  colleges  of  Nova  Scotia,  which, 
however,  failed  to  effect  the  object  aimed 
at.  Mr.  Silver  was  married  on  the  2nd 
September,  1840,  to  Margaret  Arm,  daugh- 
ter of  Benjamin  Etter,  of  "Bellevue,"  Hali- 


fax, N.S.  Mrs.  Silver's  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  a  loyalist  (and  also  Mr.  Sil- 
ver's mother).  They  left  fortune  and  posi- 
tion in  New  England  at  the  close  of  the 
war  of  independence  to  follow  the  British 
standard  to  Nova  Scotia.  Eight  sons  and 
five  daughters  were  the  fruit  of  this  union, 
all  of  whom  are  still  living  save  two.  Three 
of  his  sons  are  associated  with  him  in  busi- 
ness ;  one,  a  graduate  of  Kings  College 
and  a  LL.B.  of  Harvard  University  Law 
Faculty,  is  practising  law  in  Halifax  ;  and 
another  is  preparing  for  the  medical  pro- 
fession at  the  University  of  Edinburgh. 
One  of  his  daughters  is  the  wife  of  John  Y. 
Payzant,  solicitor  ;  another  is  married  to* 
Rev.  John  Morton,  organizer  of  a  most 
extensive  and  successful  missionary  enter- 
prise in  the  island  of  Trinidad,  British  West 
Indies. 

IHurpliy,  martin,  Civil  Engineer,  Hali- 
fax, Nova  Scotia,  second  son  of  Thomas 
Murphy,  contractor,  was  born  at  Ballin- 
daggin,  near  Enniscorthy,  county  Wexford, 
Ireland,  on  the  llth  November,  1832.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  best  schools 
in  his  native  county;  and  having  selected 
engineering  as  a  profession,  he  has  been 
employed  without  intermission  as  a  civil 
engineer  and  contractor  from  1852  to  the 
present  time.  When  only  nineteen  years 
of  age  he  joined  the  engineering  staff  of 
the  late  William  Dargan,  and  continued  in 
the  same  employment  for  eleven  years.. 
During  this  period  his  practice  extended 
over  the  various  public  works  of  the  time 
constructed  by  Mr.  Dargan  throughout 
Ireland.  At  the  age  of  twenty-four  he 
was  engineer  and  manager  of  railway  con- 
struction, and  at  thirty  was  resident  engi- 
neer of  the  Dublin,  Wicklow  and  Wexford 
Railway,  then  in  operation  to  Enniscorthy, 
in  which  position  he  continued  until  he- 
came  to  America  in  1868.  He  was  employed 
during  1869  and  1870  as  engineer  for  exten- 
sion of  streets  and  sewerage  in  the  city  of 
Halifax ;  then  for  the  next  two  years  hi  mak- 
ing surveys  for  the  extension  of  railways  in> 
Nova  Scotia.  For  the  next  four  years  he 
was  contractor  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway 
of  Canada.  He  was  appointed  provincial 
government  engineer  for  the  province  of 
Nova  Scotia  in  1876,  a  position  which  he 
still  holds.  In  Nova  Scotia  he  exercised 
supervision  over  the  construction  of  the 
Western  Counties,  the  Eastern  Extension, 
and  the  Spring  Hill  and  Parrsboro'  rail- 


320 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ways,  now  in  operation,  and  the  Nova  Scotia 
Central  and  Maccan  and  Joggins  railways, 
now  being  constructed.  He  was  consulted 
by  the  colonial  government  of  Newfound- 
land respecting  railways.  He  has  replaced 
nearly  all  the  old  wooden  bridges  of  the 
province  of  Nova  Scotia  with  permanent 
structures  of  stone,  concrete  and  iron,  and 
is  now  urging  a  system  of  road-making  and 
maintenance.  Mr.  Murphy  is  a  member  of 
the  Canadian  Society  of  Civil  Engineers; 
a  member  of  the  council  of  the  Institute  of 
Natural  Science  of  Nova  Scotia;  and  also 
the  author  of  several  engineering  papers. 
In  1861  he  married  Maria  Agnes  Buckley, 
youngest  daughter  of  Cornelius  Buckley, 
of  Banteer,  county  Cork,  Ireland. 

Barclay,  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  Presby- 
terian Minister,  and  honorary  Chaplain  of 
the  St.  Andrew's  Society  of  Toronto,  was 
born  in  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  and  died  at  To- 
ronto on  the  27th  September,  1887,  in  his 
seventy -fifth  year.  He  came  to  Canada  in 
1842,  and  in  December  of  the  same  year  was 
inducted  pastor  of  the  St.  Andrew's  Church, 
then  on  the  corner  of  Church  and  Adelaide 
streets,  Toronto.  He  retained  the  pastorate 
of  this  church  until  1870,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  the  Rev.  D.  J.  Macdonnell.  Shortly 
after  this  event  the  congregation  divided, 
the  majority  going  west  to  the  new  church 
erected  on  the  corner  of  King  and  Simcoe 
streets;  and  the  remainder,  after  a  few  more 
years  occupation  of  the  venerable  church 
edifice,  also  removed  to  a  handsome  church 
erected  on  the  corner  of  Jarvis  and  Carlton 
streets,  the  old  pile  being  then  removed 
to  give  place  to  a  block  of  new  buildings. 
During  his  lifetime  Eev.  Dr.  Barclay  was 
one  of  the  business  men  of  the  church,  and 
for  some  years  clerk  of  the  presbytery;  a 
member  of  the  Temporalities  Board ;  a  trus- 
tee of  Queen's  College;  and  withal  an  ar- 
dent curler.  In  1855  the  University  of 
Glasgow  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
D.D.  He  was  not  in  good  health  for  some 
time  previous  to  his  death.  The  deceased 
gentleman  began  immediately  after  his  ar- 
rival in  this  country  to  take  an  active  in- 
terest in  curling,  and  many  of  his  friends 
remonstrated  with  him  at  that  time,  con- 
sidering it  unbecoming  a  clergyman  to  in- 
dulge in  such  recreation;  but  he  maintained 
that  the  mind  and  body  were  only  strength- 
ened by  such  invigorating  exercise  as  the 
participation  in  this  sport  afforded,  and 
now-a-days  there%re  many  enthusiastic  curl- 


ers in  the  ministry.  About  seven  years  ago 
a  controversy  arose  in  the  Ontario  branch 
of  the  Royal  Caledonian  Curling  Club,  as 
to  whether  the  Ontario  branch  should  cut 
loose  altogether  from  the  older  institution. 
James  Russell  proposed  that  the  Ontario 
branch  should  retain  its  connection  with 
the  R.C.C.C.,  on  condition  that  it  be  per- 
mitted to  make  its  own  laws  and  regu- 
lations, and  spend  its  money  in  the  way 
best  calculated  to  promote  curling  in  On- 
tario. Dr.  Barclay  strongly  opposed  any 
change  from  the  original  arrangement,  by 
which  the  Ontario  branch  was  subservient 
to  the  R.C.C.C.,  but  after  a  struggle,  Mr. 
Russell's  idea  was  adopted.  Dr.  Barclay 
was  chaplain  of  the  Toronto  Club  for  many 
years,  and  of  the  Ontario  branch  since  its 
formation.  He  made  many  friends  in  the 
city  of  his  adoption  during  his  long  and 
useful  career,  and  his  remains  were  conveyed 
to  their  last  resting  place  accompanied  by 
a  large  concourse  of  his  acquaintances. 

Laviolette,  Hon.  Jo§eph  Gaspard, 
Montreal,  M.L.C.  for  the  Division  of  De 
Lorimier,  is  a  son  of  the  late  Lieut. -Colonel 
Laviolette,  of  St.  Eustache,  county  of  Two 
Mountains,  and  Madame  Adelaide  Lemaire, 
St.  Germain,  and  was  born  at  St.  Eustache, 
on  the  2nd  March,  1812.  After  attending 
the  primary  schools  of  his  native  town,  he 
was  sent  to  the  College  of  Montreal  to  com- 
plete his  education,  and  went  through  a 
thorough  course  of  classical  studies.  He  is 
seignior  of  the  seigniory  of  Sherrington, 
county  of  Napierville,  and  holds  a  commis- 
sion of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  militia. 
He  was  appointed  census  commissioner  by 
the  government  of  Canada  in  1860,  and 
again  in  1870  by  the  same  government.  He 
has  occupied  the  post  of  warden  of  the 
county  of  Napierville,  and  was  also  elected 
mayor  of  the  town,  and  held  a  commission 
of  justice  of  the  peace  and  commissioner  for 
the  summary  trial  of  small  causes.  Hon. 
Mr.  Laviolette  has  always  been  an  active 
politician  and  a  supporter  of  the  Conser- 
vative party.  He  was  appointed  to  the 
Legislative  Council  of  the  province  of  Que- 
bec, in  1876,  for  the  division  of  De  Lorimier. 
For  several  years  he  was  a  director  of  the 
Montreal  and  Champlain  Railway.  He  was 
married  twice,  the  first  time  to  Celanire,  a 
daughter  of  the  late  Lieut. -Colonel  Porte- 
lance,  M.P.P. ;  the  second  time  to  Corine, 
a  daughter  of  Andre  Be'dard,  N.P.,  brother 
to  Justice  Be'dard.  He  has  a  family  of  six 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


321 


children,  two  sons  and  four  daughters;  one 
son  is  a  merchant  in  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
the  other  a  druggist  and  M.D.,  in  Montreal; 
three  sons-in-law:  A  Belaire,  merchant,  of 
St.  Eustache,  J,  Girouard,  M.D.,  of  Lon- 
gueuil,  A.  Marsolais,  M.D.,  of  Montreal, 
and  the  late  L.  N.  Duverger,  merchant,  of 
Montreal. 

Campbell,  Franci§  Way  land,  M.A. 
(Bishop's  College),  M.D.  (McGill),  L.E. 
C.  P.  (London,  England),  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Montreal,  where  he  still  resides,  on 
the  5th  November,  1837.  His  father,  the 
deceased  E-ollo  Campbell,  for  many  years 
carried  on  the  business  of  printer  and  pub- 
lisher, and  was  the  proprietor  of  The  Pilot, 
a  political  newspaper  that  exerted  a  great 
influence  in  its  day.  This  gentleman  was 
born  at  Dunning,  Perthshire,  Scotland, 
and  settled  in  Canada  many  years  ago.  He 
could  trace  his  descent  as  far  back  as  1670, 
there  being  in  the  village  in  which  he  was 
born  a  stone  cottage,  with  a  slab  over  the 
doorway  with  the  initials  engraven  thereon  of 
"  K.  C.  and  J.  F.,  1670,"  these  letters  stand- 
ing for  "  Hollo  Campbell "  and  "  Janet 
Fenton,"  and  from  this  pair  Dr.  Campbell 
has  sprung.  On  the  maternal  side,  Dr. 
Campbell's  mother  was  Elizabeth  Steel,  who 
was  a  native  of  Kilwinning,  Scotland.  He 
received  his  general  education  at  the  Bap- 
tist College,  Montreal;  his  medical  educa- 
tion he  received  at  McGill  University,  in 
the  same  city,  graduating  in  1860,  and  sub- 
sequently at  the  universities  of  Edinburgh 
and  Glasgow,  and  finally  at  London,  where 
he  took  the  English  qualification  of  licen- 
tiate of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians. 
On  his  return  to  Montreal  he  commenced 
practice,  and  has  succeeded  in  building  up 
a  lucrative  business.  In  1872  Dr.  Camp- 
bell joined  with  the  late  Drs.  David  and 
Smallwood,  and  Drs.  Kingston  and  Tren- 
holme,  in  organizing  the  present  medical 
faculty  of  Bishop's  College  in  Montreal, 
and  he  was  appointed  professor  of  physiol- 
ogy, and  registrar.  These  offices  he  filled 
tiU  1882,  when,  on  the  death  of  Dr.  David, 
he  was  chosen  to  fill  the  chair  of  practice 
of  medicine,  and  elected  dean  of  the  facul- 
ty, both  of  which  positions  he  still  fills. 
Dr.  Campbell  represents  Bishop's  College 
in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  the  province  of  Quebec;  and  for  the  last 
seven  years  has  been  the  secretary  of  this — 
the  licensing  board  of  that  province.  He 
is  a  physician  to  the  Montreal  General  Hos- 
T 


pital,  and  to  the  Western  Hospital.  This 
latter  is  at  present  the  only  hospital  in, 
Canada  devoted  to  the  diseases  of  women. 
Although  others  were  connected  with  him  in 
the  early  organization  of  this  hospital  cor- 
poration, its  equipment,  and  its  actual  com- 
mencement of  work,  was  due  to  Dr.  Camp- 
bell, who  assumed  its  rental,  organized  its 
committee,  and,  till  self-sustaining,  supplied 
for  two  years  a  considerable  amount  of 
money  to  sustain  it.  He  is  a  consulting 
physician  to  the  Montreal  Dispensary.  Dr. 
Campbell  is  known  as  one  of  the  best  life 
insurance  medical  men  in  the  Dominion. 
Since  1868  he  has  been  an  examiner  for  the 
New  York  Life,  and  two  years  ago  was 
given  charge,  by  this  company,  of  all  its 
medical  matters  in  Canada.  His  work  with 
this  company  occupies  much  of  his  time. 
He  is  also  the  chief  medical  officer  of  the 
Citizens'  Life  and  Accident  Company  of 
Montreal;  this  he  has  held  for  over  eight 
years.  Dr.  Campbell  takes  a  deep  interest 
in  the  volunteer  movement,  and  his  record 
as  a  volunteer  is  one  of  which  any  man 
might  be  proud.  He  is  surgeon  of  B.  com- 
pany Infantry  School  Corps,  permanent 
militia,  and  was  lately  promoted  surgeon- 
major  after  twenty  years  service  as  surgeon. 
He  joined  No.  2  company  of  Montreal  In- 
dependent Bines  as  a  private  in  the  summer 
of  1855,  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years.  In 
1858,  when  it  formed  No.  2  company  of  the 
1st  Battalion  Volunteer  Militia  Rifles  of 
Canada,  he  became  hospital  sergeant  of  the 
battalion.  In  May,  1860,  on  his  graduation 
as  M.D.,  he  was  gazetted  its  assistant  sur- 
geon, and  in  1866  served  with  it  (then  be- 
come the  1st  Prince  of  Wales  Rifles )  on  the 
eastern  frontier  during  the  Fenian  raid.  On 
the  6th  October,  1866,  he  was  gazetted  sur- 
geon of  the  regiment,  and  again  served  with 
it  at  Pigeon  Hill  and  St.  John's,  Quebec, 
during  the  Fenian  raid  of  1870.  He  con- 
tinued as  surgeon  of  the  Prince  of  Wales 
Rifles  till  the  21st  December,  1883,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  the  permanent  force  as 
surgeon  of  Infantry  School  Corps.  On  leav- 
ing the  Prince  of  Wales  Rifles,  with  which 
he  had  been  connected  for  twenty-eight 
years,  Dr.  Campbell  addressed  a  letter  to 
his  brother  officers,  in  which  he  made  a  state- 
ment such  as  few  men  in  the  force  could 
make,  viz. :  that  up  to  that  date,  during  his 
entire  connection  with  it,  the  regiment  had 
never  turned  out,  either  for  active  service 
or  holiday  parade,  that  he  had  not  been  with 


322 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


them.  What  this  means  can  only  be  fully 
appreciated  by  those  who  know  the  large 
amount  of  varied  service  which  the  Prince 
of  Wales  Rifles  have  performed.  Dr. 
Campbell  is  a  past  master  of  Victoria  lodge, 
late  C.R.,  A.F.  and  A.M.,  and  now  an  active 
member  of  Eoyal  Albert  lodge.  He  is  pre- 
sident of  the  Upsalquitch  Salmon  Club, 
holding  a  lease  on  the  Eestigouche  river,  in 
New  Brunswick,  and  is  an  enthusiastic  sal- 
mon fisherman.  In  politics  he  is  a  Liber- 
al-Conservative, and  a  member  of  the  Jun- 
ior Conservative  Association  of  Montreal. 
He  has  travelled  a  good  deal,  having  cross- 
ed the  Atlantic  twelve  times,  and  been  over 
most  of  the  European  continent.  In  reli- 
gious matters  he  is  a  Baptist.  He  was 
married  in  October,  1861,  in  Greenock, 
Scotland,  to  Agnes  Stuart  Rodger,  of  the 
same  town.  Her  maternal  grandfather, 
Walter  Washington  Buchanan,  was  born  at 
Morristown,  New  Jersey,  U.S.A.,  and  was 
christened  in  General  Washington's  arms, 
Kosciusko  and  Lafayette  being  his  god- 
fathers. On  Washington's  death,  he  be- 
queathed to  him  his  camp  knives  and  forks, 
which  are  now  in  possession  of  Mrs.  Camp 
bell's  brother,  Walter  Washington  Buchanan 
Rodger,  of  Bagatelle,  Greenock.  In  Dr. 
Buchanan's  early  life  he  was  an  intimate 
playmate  of  Washington  Irving,  and  the 
two  have  often  rolled  hoops  around  New 
York  city.  He  subsequently  entered  the 
American  navy,  and  was  afterwards  profes- 
sor of  midwifery  in  Columbia  College,  New 
York.  While  in  the  navy  he  served  under 
Commodore  Sands,  and  was  on  Lake  On- 
tario during  the  war  of  1812.  He  subse- 
quently inherited  property  in  Scotland,  and 
removed  thither,  where  he  died. 

Park,  William  A.,  Newcastle,  M.P.P. 
for  the  County  of  Northumberland,  New 
Brunswick,  was  born  at  Douglastown, 
Miramichi,  N.B.  on  the  27th  June,  1853. 
His  father,  William  Park,  a  merchant  in 
Newcastle,  N.B.,  is  a  native  of  Dumfries, 
Scotland,  who  settled  in  Miramichi  about 
five  years  before  the  great  fire  of  1825,  and 
engaged  extensively  in  the  milling  and  lum- 
bering business.  His  mother,  Margaret  Mc- 
Laggan,  is  a  native  of  New  Brunswick,  and 
is  a  daughter  of  the  late  Alexander  McLag- 
gan,  of  Blackville,  Northumberland,  N.B. 
William  A.  Park,  the  subje'ct  of  our  sketch, 
received  his  education  at  the  Presbyterian 
Academy,  Chatham,  and  at  Harkin's  Semin- 
ary in  Newcastle.  He  studied  law  as  a  pro- 


fession; was  admitted  as  an  attorney  for 
New  Brunswick  in  April,  1875,  and  called  to 
the  bar  of  the  same  province  in  April,  1876. 
He  carries  on  his  practice  in  Newcastle,  and 
does  a  good  business.  For  some  time  Mr. 
Park  was  connected  with  the  volunteer  mi- 
litia, but  of  late  years  his  numerous  other 
engagements  have  precluded  him  from  tak- 
ing an  active  interest  in  the  force.  From 
1876  to  1879  he  was  a  municipal  councillor 
for  Newcastle;  and  was  warden  of  the  coun- 
ty of  Northumberland  in  1877.  In  1882, 
at  the  general  election  held  that  year,  he 
was  elected  to  the  New  Brunswick  legisla- 
ture for  Northumberland  county;  and  was 
again  returned  at  the  general  election  in 
1886.  Mr.  Park  is  a  Liberal- Conservative 
in  politics,  and  has  always  supported  the 
policy  of  the  Dominion  government,  led  by 
Sir  John  A.  Macdonald.  In  religion  he  is 
an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Inch,  James  R.,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  Sack- 
ville,  New  Brunswick,  President  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Mount  Allison  College,  Sackville, 
is  one  of  the  veteran  educationists  of  Can- 
ada, having  been  engaged  in  the  work  of 
teaching  for  the  last  thirty-seven  years. 
He  is  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His  parents, 
Nathaniel  Inch  and  Anne  Armstrong,  emi- 
grated from  the  neighbourhood  of  Ennis- 
killen  to  New  Brunswick  in  1824,  and  set- 
tled in  Petersville,  Queens  county,  where 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  the  youngest  of 
eight  children,  was  born  on  the  29th  of 
April,  1835.  His  early  education  was  in 
the  district  school  of  his  native  place  and 
at  the  High  School  of  Gagetown,  the  coun- 
ty town.  In  1850,  after  attendance  at  the 
St.  John  Training  School,  he  received  the 
license  of  a  first-class  teacher.  After  spend- 
ing three  years  in  the  Public  school  ser- 
vice, he  accepted  in  1854  a  situation  at 
Mount  Allison  Academy,  an  institution 
founded  by  the  late  C.  F.  Allison,  at  Sack- 
ville,  and  then  under  the  principalship 
of  the  Rev.  H.  Pickard,  D.D.  In  1862 
Mount  Allison  College  was  organized  with 
university  powers.  Mr.  Inch  entered  the 
junior-class,  and  took  his  B.A.  degree  in 
1864,  and  M. A.  three  years  later.  Upon 
receiving  the  baccalaureate  degree  in  1864, 
he  was  called  to  the  charge  of  the  Ladies' 
Academy,  at  that  time  without  financial  re- 
sources, heavily  burdened  with  debt,  and 
having  but  a  slight  hold  upon  public  con- 
fidence. In  the  arduous  and  important 
work  of  building  up  this  branch  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


323 


Mount  Allison  institutions  he  laboured  for 
fourteen  years,  and  not  without  marked 
success  ;  for  when  in  1878  he  was  elected 
to  the  presidency  of  the  college,  he  left  the 
Ladies'  Academy  in  a  high  state  of  efficien- 
cy, the  buildings  having  been  renovated, 
greatly  enlarged  and  refurnished,  the  debt 
paid,  and  the  public  confidence  and  patron- 
age fully  secured.  Before  entering  upon 
the  duties  of  the  presidency  and  of  the 
chair  of  philosophy  and  logic,  he  was  hon- 
oured by  his  alma  mater  with  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  As  president  of  the  college,  Dr. 
Inch  has  been  obliged,  in  addition  to  his 
professional  duties,  to  devote  much  of  his 
time  and  energy  to  the  work  of  extending 
and  strengthening  the  material  resources  of 
the  institution.  Under  his  regime,  besides 
many  general  improvements,  the  endow- 
ment fund  has  been  increased  by  about  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  a  handsome 
stone  university  building  erected  at  a  cost 
of  thirty-five  thousand  dollars.  In  1876 
the  government  of  Nova  Scotia  appointed 
Dr.  Inch  a  Fellow  of  the  University  of  Hal- 
ifax, a  degree-conferring  university,  model- 
led after  the  University  of  London,  and  in- 
tended to  consolidate  university  education 
in  the  province  of  Nova  Scotia.  The  Uni- 
versity of  Halifax,  from  causes  which  need 
not  be  here  mentioned,  had  but  a  brief  ex- 
istence ;  yet  during  its  organization  and  its 
subsequent  history,  Dr.  Inch,  as  a  member 
of  the  Senate  and  examiner  in  mental  sci- 
ence and  logic,  rendered  it  loyal  and  valu- 
able service.  In  1880,  accompanied  by  his 
daughter,  Dr.  Inch  spent  three  months  in 
Europe,  travelling  extensively  in  England, 
Scotland,  Ireland,  Holland,  Germany, 
France,  and  Switzerland.  In  crossing  the 
Atlantic  the  steamship  Anchoria,  in  which 
he  had  taken  passage,  when  about  three 
hundred  miles  from  Sandy  Hook,  came 
into  collision,  during  a  dense  fog,  with  the 
steamship  Queen,  both  vessels  being  under 
full  headway.  The  Anchoria  was  struck 
abaft  the  foremast  and  cut  down  nearly  to 
the  keel  ;  the  Queen,  though  not  so  badly 
damaged  as  the  Anchoria,  had  her  bow  com- 
pletely demolished  and  her  forward  com- 
partment opened  t)  the  waves.  The  An- 
choria'1s  passengers  hastily  took  to  the  boats, 
were  transferred  to  the  Queen,  and  brought 
in  safety  back  to  New  York.  More  than  a 
thousand  human  beings,  many  of  them 
women  and  children,  were  by  this  accident 
placed  for  hours  in  deadly  peril,  an-l  yet, 


through  the 'mercy  of  Providence,  not  a  life 
was  lost.  It  is  doubtful  whether  the  records 
of  ocean  disaster  furnish  a  parallel  case. 
Dr.  Inch  is  an  active  member  of  the  Metho- 
dist church,  and  a  member  of  the  General 
Conference  Special  Committee,  to  whose 
care  the  general  interests  of  the  denomina- 
tion are  entrusted  during  the  interim  be- 
tween the  conference  sessions.  As  repre- 
sentative of  his  district  he  has  attended  all 
the  general  conferences  except  the  first — 
at  Montreal  in  1878,  at  Hamilton  in  1882, 
at  Belleville  in  1883,  and  at  Toronto  in 
1886.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Management  of  the  Church  Educational 
Society,  and  lay  treasurer  of  the  fund  for 
supernumerary  ministers.  In  1886  he  was 
elected  vice-president  for  the  province  of 
New  Brunswick  of  the  American  Institute 
of  Christian  Philosophy.  Dr.  Inch  was 
married  in  1854  to  Mary  Alice  Dunn,  of 
Keswick,  York  county,  and  has  one  daugh- 
ter, now  the  wife  of  Prof.  Sidney  W.  Hun- 
ton,  of  Mount  Allison  University. 

i:\aiiinrol.  Franeii  Eugene  Al- 
fred, LL.B..  St.  Victor  d' Alfred,  M.P.P. 
for  Prescott,  was  born  at  Quebec,  on  31st 
August,  1H49.  •  He  is  the  eldest  son  of  the 
Hon.  Francis  Evanturel,  who  was  minister 
of  agriculture  in  the  Macdonald-Sicotte  ad- 
ministration in  1862.  His  grandfather, 
Frangois  Evanturel,  after  serving  in  the 
French  army  under  Napoleon  Bonaparte, 
when  he  took  part  in  some  of  his  great 
battles,  emigrated  to  Canada  and  settled 
in  Quebec,  where  he  died.  Mr.  Evanturel 
received  his  edtication  at  the  Seminary  of 
Quebec,  and  after  completing  his  classical 
studies  at  that  institution,  followed  the  law 
course  of  Laval  University,  graduated  B.A- 
and  LL.B.  in  1870,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  the  province  of  Quebec  in  Janu- 
ary, 1872.  He  then  entered  into  partner- 
ship with  the  late  Judge  McCord,  and  they 
S'actised  for  a  year  under  the  firm  name  of 
cCord  &  Evanturel.  At  that  period  he 
was  offered  a  position  in  the  civil  service  at 
Ottawa;  he  accepted  and  removed  to  the 
latter  city,  where  he  remained  for  several 
years.  During  his  residence  in  Ottawa  he 
took  a  prominent  part  in  the  organization 
of  the  Institut-Canadien  and  St.  Jean  Bap- 
tiste  Society  He  was  elected  school  trus- 
tee in  1874,  for  the  most  important  ward — 
Wellington — of  Ottawa,  and  held  the  posi- 
tion for  two  years.  In  1878  he  resigned 
his  position  in  the  civil  service  and  removed 


324 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


to  Prescott  county,  where  the  French  popu- 
lation was  fast  coming  to  the  front,  and  had 
no  interpreter  before  the  public  and  the 
courts.  In  1883  he  presented  himself  to 
the  electorate  of  the  county  of  Prescott,  for 
the  Provincial  legislaturer  against  Mr.  Ha- 
gar,  the  old  member,  and  was  defeated  by 
a  few  votes.  At  the  last  general  election, 
however  (December,  1886),  he  again  en- 
tered the  field  against  James  Molloy,  and 
was  elected  by  a  majority  of  200,  as  a 
supporter  of  the  Mowat  administration. 
Mr.  Evanturel  had  always  been  a  supporter 
of  the  Tory  party  until  that  period,  but 
the  savage  attacks  of  the  Mail  upon  the 
French  Canadians  and  the  Catholics  of  the 
country,  coupled  with  the  intolerance  and 
bigotry  displayed  by  a  certain  portion  of 
the  population  of  Ontario,  caused  him  to 
sever  his  connection  with  the  Conserva- 
tives, and  become  an  out-and-out  Liberal. 
He  did  effective  work  in  the  county  of  Ot- 
tawa during  the  by-election  held  in  that 
county  in  September,  1887,  and  it  was 
largely  due  to  his  exertions  that  Mr.  Eo- 
chon,  mayor  of  Hull,  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  of  Quebec  by  an  immense  ma- 
jority (over  1,200),  as  a  supporter  of  the 
Mercier  cabinet.  Mr.  Evanturel,  who  is  a 
distinguished  English  scholar,  and  an  elo- 
quent and  forcible  speaker,  had  the  honor 
to  be  chbsen  by  the  Hon.  Mr.  Mowat  to 
second  the  address  in  reply  to  the  speech 
from  the  Throne,  at  the  opening  of  the  ses- 
sion of  1887,  of  the  Ontario  legislature. 
The  speech  he  delivered  on  this  occasion  was 
highly  praised,  even  by  the  newspapers 
which  are  the  bitterest  foes  of  the  race  he  so 
ably  represents  in  the  legislature.  A  couple 
of  obscure  sheets  tried  to  cast  aspersions  on 
his  able  effort,  and  yet  the  manly  and  inde- 
pendent stand  he  took  forced  the  admira- 
tion of  all,  and  he  was  accorded  "  British 
fair  play,"  in  the  broadest  sense  of  the 
term,  by  almost  the  entire  community  of 
Ontario.  He  was  also  greatly  admired  for 
his  attitude  on  the  home  rule  question  when 
it  was  brought  up  in  the  legislature  during 
the  same  session.  Having  inherited  the 
chivalrous  nature  of  his  ancestors,  he  could 
not  see  a  people  oppressed  without  raising 
his  voice  on  their  behalf.  Mr.  Evanturel 
has  a  bright  future  before  him,  and  the  cap- 
abilities he  displayed  on  the  threshhold  of 
his  parliamentary  career  will  soon  bring  him 
to  the  front  rank  of  the  able  politicians  of 
the  country,  and  he  will  thus  enjoy  the  pre- 


eminence attained  by  his  father  in  Cana- 
dian politics.  He  was  invited  by  the  French 
societies  of  the  counties  of  Essex,  Russell, 
Glengarry,  etc.,  to  deliver  orations  on  im- 
portant occasions.  As  a  writer,  Mr.  Evan- 
turel is  well  known,  having  contributed 
several  articles  on  political  topics  to  the 
English  and  French  press,  and  at  the  pre- 
sent time  he  is  editor-in-chief  of  Vln- 
terprete,  a  newspaper  published  at  Alfred, 
Ontario,  in  the  interests  of  the  French  pop- 
ulation of  Eastern  Ontario.  In  1873  he 
maried  Louisa  Lee,  granddaughter  of  the 
late  Justice  Van  Felson,  judge  of  the  Su- 
perior Court  for  the  district  of  Montreal, 
by  whom  he  has  issue  two  children,  one 
son  and  one  daughter. 

Jolliffe,  Rev.  William  John, 
B.C.L.,  Methodist  Minister,  Quebec  city, 
was  born  in  Liskeard,  Cornwall,  England, 
on  the  22nd  December,  1846.  His  father, 
John  Jolliffe,  who  was  born  in  Liskeard, 
was  reared  in  the  Church  of  England,  but 
when  a  young  man  joined  the  Methodist 
denomination.  His  mother,  Ann  Berbeck 
Vyvyan,  was  a  native  of  Plymouth,  in  Dev- 
onshire, England.  She  died  in  1873.  The 
Eev.  Mr.  Jolliffe's  father,  intending  his  son 
to  follow  business,  educated  him  in  the  pub- 
lic and  private  schools  of  his  native  place, 
the  former  of  which  he  left  when  thirteen 
years  of  age.  But  young  Jolliffe,  having  a 
strong  impression  that  he  would  some  day 
enter  the  ministry,  and,  being  very  fond  of 
reading,  his  further  studies  were  pursued 
with  that  end  in  view.  On  his  eighteenth 
birthday  he  preached  his  first  sermon.  While 
preparing  to  enter  the  ministry  in  England 
he  was  induced  by  the  late  Eev.  Mr.  Saun- 
ders,  then  of  Oshawa,  Ontario,  who  was  at 
that  time  on  a  visit  to  Britain,  to  come  out 
to  Canada.  Accordingly  he  left  his  native 
land,  and  landed  in  Quebec  in  November, 
1868.  Proceeding  west  he  was  appointed  a 
junior  preacher  in  the  Bowmanville  circuit, 
the  Eev.  Eichard  Whiting,  now  an  ex-pres- 
ident of  the  Montreal  Conference,  being  his 
first  superintendent.  He  was  ordained  in 
London,  Ontario,  in  June,  1873,  the  Eev. 
Dr.  Eice  being  the  president  of  the  confer- 
ence. While  stationed  in  Montreal  the  Eev. 
Mr.  Jolliffe  entered  McGill  University  as  a 
law  student,  and  graduated  in  1882  with 
the  degree  of  B.C.L.  For  some  time  he 
was  stationed  at  Coaticooke,  a  growing 
town  in  the  Eastern  Townships,  province  of 
Quebec ;  and  is  now  pastor  of  the  Methodist 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


325 


Church  in  the  ancient  capital.  He  is  also 
chairman  of  the  Quebec  district.  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Jolliffe,  we  have  no  hesitation  in  say- 
ing, is  a  minister  of  very  superior  abilities, 
"  rightly  dividing  "  and  clearly  expounding 
the  Word  of  God.  He  has  been  highly  es- 
teemed in  every  station  he  has  occupied, 
and  may  be  considered  in  every  respect  a 
fine  example  of  what  a  Christian  minister 
should  be — faithful  to  duty,  and  most 
courteous  in  his  intercourse  with  all  classes 
of  the  community.  He  has  been  active  in 
all  good  works,  especially  in  the  temperance 
movement,  and  been  connected  with  the 
Sons  of  Temperance  and  the  Good  Tem- 
plars. In  politics  he  has  always  voted  for 
the  man  and  not  the  party.  While  in  Eng- 
land he  was  allied  with  the  Liberal  party, 
and  would  still  be  if  he  were  residing  there, 
but  in  Canada  his  sympathies  incline  to  the 
Conservative  party.  Rev.  Mr.  Jolliffe  has 
two  brothers  in  the  Methodist  ministry :  the 
Rev.  C.  E.  Jolliffe,  now  stationed  in  Eng- 
land, and  the  Rev.  E.  Jolliffe,  a  mission- 
ary in  British  Honduras.  While  a  strong 
believer  in  the  doctrines  of  the  Methodist 
church,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Jolliffe  is  in  favor  of 
the  extension  of  the  pastoral  term,  and  be- 
lieves, as  many  others  also  do,  that  it  would 
be  in  the  interests  of  the  church  as  a  whole 
if  the  time-honored  system  of  frequent 
changes  were  abolished.  He  was  married 
on  the  8th  of  July,  1874,  to  Clara  Robinson, 
fifth  daughter  of  Isaac  Robinson,  of  To- 
ronto. 

Arm§trong,  Hon.  James  Q-C., 
C.M.G.,  Sorel,  province  of  Quebec,  son  of 
Charles  Logie  Armstrong,  descendant  of  a 
United  Empire  loyalist,  and  of  Marjory 
Ferguson,  daughter  of  Alexander  Ferguson, 
of  Restigouche,  district  of  Gaspe",  was  born 
at  Berthier,  province  of  Quebec,  in  1821. 
He  was  educated  at  Berthier  and  Sorel  aca- 
demies, and  called  to  the  Quebec  bar,  1844. 
Mr.  Armstrong  was  appointed  Crown  pro- 
secutor for  the  district  of  Richelieu  in  1864, 
and  as  such  conducted  the  trial  of  Proven- 
cher,  for  the  murder  of  Joutras,  poisoned 
by  strychnine,  being  the  first  case  actually 
tried  for  such  an  offence  in  Canada,  and 
when  the  "  color  test  "  of  Messrs.  Girdwood 
&  Rogers  was  established.  The  Evening 
Telegraph  of  the  15th  April,  1867,  referring 
to  the  celebrated  trial,  said  :  "  The  crime 
was  clearly  proved  on  a  trial  of  unusual 
length.  We  mention  the  matter  particu- 
larly now  to  express  in  a  marked  manner 


our  appreciation  of  the  way  in  which  the 
case  was  got  up  and  conducted  throughout 
for  the  Crown.     Having  followed  it  day  by 
day,  and  carefully  gone  over  the  evidence 
since,  we  feel  justified  in  saying  that  there 
has  not  been  these  twenty  years  in  Lower 
Canada  a  criminal  case   of  the  magnitude 
and  difficulty  so  carefully  and  thoroughly 
prepared,   and  so  completely  and  convinc- 
ingly placed  before  the  jury.     If  it  lacked 
the  fire-work  flashes  of  eloquence,  to  which 
too  many  criminal  lawyers  trust,  it  showed 
at  every  step  of  its  long  course  the  true 
genius,  intelligence  directing  patient  labor 
in  mastering  every  difficulty,  seeking  for, 
finding,   and   welding   into   one  chain  the 
many  far  scattered  and  deep  hidden  links 
of  evidence."     He  was  appointed  chief  jus- 
tice of  St.  Lucia,  West  Indies,  1871,  where 
the  old  French  law   was  in  force,  and  in 
1880  to   the  chief  justiceship  of  Tobago, 
which  he  held,  conjointly  with  that  of  St. 
Lucia.     He  was  created  a  companion  of  the 
most  distinguished  order  of  Saint  Michael 
and  Saint  George  in  1879.    He  is  author  of 
a  "  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Marriage  of  the 
Province  of  Quebec,"  and  of  the  "  Law  of 
Intestacy  of  the  Dominion"   (1886).     In 
conjunction  with  Sir  George  William  Des- 
veaux,  then  governor,  he  prepared  the  civil 
code  of  St.  Lucia,  based  in  a  great  measure 
upon  that  of  Quebec  in  civil  matters,  and 
succeeded   in   having   laws  passed  by  the 
legislature,  enacting  that  the  laws  of  Eng- 
land should  prevail  in  commercial  and  crim- 
inal matters.  He  afterwards  prepared  a  code 
of  civil  procedure.    He  received  the  thanks 
of  the  Legislative  Council  of  St.  Lucia  "  for 
the  great  service  rendered  by  him  in  the 
preparation   of  the   codes."     He   resigned 
office  in  December,  1881.     The  governor, 
in  announcing  this  to  the  Legislature,  said  : 
"  He  regretted  to  have  to  inform  the  Coun- 
cil that  he  had  received  a  despatch  from  the 
Secretary  of  State,  notifying  him  of  the  re- 
tirement of  Chief  Justice  Armstrong,  which 
he  considered  would  be  a  serious  loss  to  the 
colony."     The  Legislature  passed  a  vote  of 
thanks  embodying  the  opinion  of  the  gov- 
ernor.    In  a  despatch  to  the  Earl  of  Kim- 
berley,  the  governor  wrote:  "  I  cannot  close 
this  despatch  without  placing  on  record  my 
appreciation  of  the  invaluable  services  ren- 
dered to  the  colony  by  Mr.  Armstrong  dur- 
ing his  term  of  office  of  chief  juStice,"  and 
after  mentioning    Mr.   Armstrong's  labors 
on  the  code  and  revision  of  the   statutes, 


326 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


added:  "  Measures  such  as  these  will  stamp 
Mr.  Armstrong's  term  of  office  as  one  which, 
whilst  reflecting  the  greatest  credit  upon» 
himself,  will  be  remembered  in  this  island 
as  the  inauguration  of  a  new  and  more  sim- 
ple machinery  for  the  administration  of  law 
and  justice."  Mr.  Armstrong  was  appoint- 
ed, in  1886,  by  the  Dominion  government, 
a  member  of  the  commission  for  the  purpose, 
among  others,  of  inquiring  into  and  report- 
ing upon  the  subject  of  labor,  its  relation  to 
capital,  and  to  inquire  into  and  report  on  the 
practical  operations  of  courts  of  arbitration 
and  conciliation  in  the  settlement  of  disputes 
between  employers  and  employees,  and  the 
best  mode  of  settling  disputes.  He  is  married 
to  Charlotte,  daughter  of  the  late  Major  Her- 
cule  Olivier,  who  was  wounded  in  the  en- 
gagement at  Plattsburg,  in  1812. 

Steeve§,  Chipman  Archibald,  Bar- 
rister, Moncton,  New  Brunswick,  was  born 
at  Hillsborough,  N.  B.,  on  the  28th  of 
January,  1880.  His  father,  Joseph  A. 
Steeves,  was  descended  from  a  German 
family,  formerly  called  "  Stein",' '  a  common 
name  in  Germany,  who,  after  leaving 
Fatherland,  resided  for  some  time  in  Penn- 
sylvania, and  then  made  their  home  in  New 
Brunswick  a  few  years  before  the  arrival  of 
the  U.  E.  loyalists.  His  mother,  Kebecca 
Taylor,  is  of  Irish  descent,  her  people 
having  come  from  the  north  of  Ireland. 
Mr.  Steeves  was  educated  at  the  public 
schools  in  Albert  county,  and  at  the  Baptist 
Seminary  in  Fredericton  ;  and  studied  law 
with  the  present  Judge  Palmer,  at  St.  John, 
N.B.  He  was  admitted  an  attorney  on  the 
21st  October,  1876.  In  September,  1878, 
Mr.  Steeves  was  appointed  by  the  Macken- 
zie government  official  assignee  under  the 
Insolvency  Act  of  1875,  for  the  county  of 
Westmoreland,  and  this  office  he  held  until 
the  repeal  of  the  law.  At  present  he  is  one 
of  the  school  trustees  for  the  town  of  Monc- 
ton, and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Moncton 
town  council.  From  early  youth  he  has 
been  connected  with  the  temperance  move- 
ment, though  at  this  moment  he  is  not  a 
member  of  any  of  the  existing  temperance 
organizations.  Mr.  Steeves  has  travelled, 
accompanied  by  his  wife,  through  portions 
of  the  United  States  and  Europe,  and  has 
visited  Home  and  Naples,  and  been  up 
Vesuvius  and  down  into  the  Catacombs. 
He  was  brought  up  in  the  Baptist  faith, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church.  On 
the  15th  November,  1877,  he  was  married, 


at  St.  John,  N.B.,  to  a  daughter  of  Dr.  W. 
Y.  Theal,  formerly  of  that  city.  This  lady 
has  a  number  of  brothers  and  sisters,  one 
of  whom,  George  M.  Theal,  resides  in,  and 
fills  a  government  position  at,  Cape  Town, 
South  Africa,  and  has  written  and  published 
several  works  on  the  history,  geography, 
and  folk-lore  of  Africa,  which  have  been 
adopted  and  used  in  public  schools.  Mr. 
Steeves  has  two  brothers,  who  are  masters 
of  British  iron  steamers,  and  one  sister,  who 
is  married,  and  resides  in  St.  John,  N.B. 

Bourinot,  John  George.  LL.D., 
Ottawa,  Honorary  Secretary  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Canada,  Fellow  of  the  Statistical 
Society  of  London,  Honorary  Correspond- 
ing Secretary  of  the  Royal  Colonial  Institute, 
Clerk  of  the  House  of  Commons,  Canada, 
and  author  of  several  important  works  and 
essays,  was  born  at  Sydney,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  24th  of  October,  1836.  He  is  a  son 
of  the  late  Hon.  J.  Bourinot,  senator  of  the 
Dominion,  and  grandson  of  Judge  Marshall, 
of  Nova  Scotia.  His  mother  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Judge  Marshall,  well-known 
as  an  advocate  of  temperance,  and  for  his 
works  on  religious  and  social  topics.  His 
father's  family  came  originally  from  Nor- 
mandy, were  Huguenots,  and  settled  in  the 
Island  of  Jersey.  The  Marshalls  were  Irish 
originally.  The  father  of  Judge  Marshall 
was  a  captain  in  the  British  army,  and  a 
loyalist.  In  his  early  days  Mr.  Bourinot 
received  his  intellectual  training  under  the 
tutorship  of  the  Rev.  W.  Y.  Porter,  at 
Sydney.  The  preceptor  saw  much  promise 
in  the  lad,  and  often  spoke  highly  of  his 
quickness  and  perception,  and  of  the 
strength  of  his  intellectual  grasp.  When 
this  period  of  tutorship  was  over,  his  father 
conceived  the  idea  of  sending  him  to  the 
University  of  Trinity  College,  Toronto. 
At  college  young  Bourinot  distinguished 
himself,  and  he  always  was  a  prominent 
figure  in  his  class.  His  industry  frequently 
called  forth  admiration;  and  he  secured  the 
Wellington  and  other  scholarships.  When 
he  left  college  he  could  not  easily  decide 
upon  a  calling.  It  was  with  the  young 
graduate  as  it  has  been  with  all  men  pos- 
sessed of  a  pervading  literary  instinct.  He 
was  restive,  and  looked  with  dissatisfaction 
at  any  course  of  life  that  promised  only  a 
drudgery  and  a  routine,  removed  from  the 
dear  aspiration  that  was  in  him.  The  news- 
paper press  has  always  afforded  a  sort  of 
escapement  for  literary  yearning;  and  as 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


327 


was  quite  natural  to  expect,  to  the  news- 
paper press  the  young  man  attached  him- 
self in  the  meantime.  He  became  parlia- 
mentary reporter  and  editor,  continuing  in 
such  position  for  some  time.  Subsequent- 
ly, in  1860,  he  established  the  Halifax  Re- 
porter, and  was  chief  editor  of  that  journal 
for  a  number  of  years.  From  1861  to  the 
year  of  confederation,  Mr.  Bourinot  was 
likewise  chief  official  reporter  of  the  Nova 
Scotia  Assembly.  In  1863  he  was  appoint- 
ed to  the  Senate  as  shorthand  writer,  and 
this  office  he  retained  until  appointed  second 
clerk  assistant  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
in  April,  1873.  In  February,  1879,  he  was 
appointed  first  clerk  assistant,  and  on  the 
18th  of  December,  1880,  he  became  chief 
clerk  of  the  House  of  Commons.  Through 
the  greater  part  of  his  life  Mr.  Bourinot  has 
been  a  tireless  literary  worker,  and  his  arti- 
cles are  remembered  by  all  who  take  an  in- 
terest in  the  discussion  of  important  public 
questions.  His  essay  on  the  "  Intellectual 
Development  of  Canada,"  which  appeared  in 
the  pages  of  the  "  Canadian  Monthly,"  was 
a  careful,  elaborate  and  valuable  treatise  on 
the  intellectual  development  of  the  colonies 
as  an  unwedded  brotherhood,  and  of  Cana- 
da subsequent  to  the  union.  He  has  con- 
tributed to  many  leading  papers  of  this 
continent,  to  the  Toronto  Mail  in  its  incep- 
tion, and  to  the  New  York  World.  He 
was  for  years  one  of  the  best  known  con- 
tributors to  the  "  Canadian  Monthly."  His 
desire  has  always  been  to  create  a  love  for 
Canadian  subjects.  He  has  contributed 
papers  to  the  Royal  Colonial  Institute, 
which  have  attracted  much  attention.  One 
of  these  papers,  which  referred  to  the  feder- 
ation of  the  empire,  was  deemed  so  import- 
ant that  Justin  McCarthy  devoted  a  whole 
chapter  of  his  "History  of  our  Times"  to  its 
consideration.  An  article  in  "  Black  wood  " 
(to  which  he  has  been  one  of  the  very  few 
Canadian  contributors),  on  the  "  Progress 
of  the  New  Dominion,"  was  reviewed  by 
the  London  Times  as  "  the  best  article  that 
has  yet  appeared  on  the  subject  in  a  British 
periodical."  He  has  also  written  other 
papers  in  the  "  Westminster  Keview,"  the 
"  London'Quarterly,"  the  "Scottish  Re  view," 
and  other  leading  British  periodicals,  with 
the  view  of  making  Canada  better  known 
to  the  British  world.  A  monograph  on 
"  Local  Government  in  Canada,"  which  ap- 
peared in  1886,  attracted  much  attention  in 
England  and  Canada,  and  was  reprinted 


in  the  series  of  historical  and  political 
science,  which  is  published  by  the  John  S. 
Hopkins  University,  Maryland.  Of  late 
years  he  has  devoted  his  leisure  time  for 
the  most  part  to  constitutional  and  parlia- 
mentary studies,  and  has  written  a  large 
work  on  "The  Practice  and  Procedure  of 
Parliament,  with  a  review  of  the  origin  and 
growth  of  parliamentary  institutions  in  the 
Dominion  of  Canada,"  which  has  been  most 
favorably  reviewed  in  England  and  Canada, 
and  has  already  been  accepted  as  a  consti- 
tutional authority  in  every  dependency  of 
the  Crown.  The  London  Times,  in  a  three- 
column  review,  wrote  most  approvingly  of 
the  work,  and  the  Australian  press  has  also 
noticed  it  in  very  eulogistic  terms.  Mr. 
Bourinot  is  an  advocate  of  the  grand  idea 
of  Imperial  Federation,  and  a  member  of 
the  executive  committee  appointed  at  a  pub- 
lic meeting  in  Montreal,  in  May,  1885,  with 
the  object  of  promoting  the  scheme.  In 
April,  1887,  Mr.  Bourinot  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Queen's 
University,  Kingston.  Mr.  Bourinot  was 
married  in  October,  1865,  to  Emily  Alden 
Pilsbury,  daughter  of  the  American  consul 
at  Halifax,  who  was  distinguished  for  her 
remarkable  beauty  and  many  accomplish- 
ments. She  died  in  September,  1887,  amid 
the  regrets  of  a  very  large  circle  of  friends. 
She  belonged  to  a  well-known  family  of 
Maine,  which  is  connected  with  that  of  the 
famous  Governor  Endicott,  who  played  so 
important  a  part  in  the  annals  of  the  old 
colonial  times  of  New  England. 

9Iolc§,  Robert  George,  Arnprior, 
Ontario,  was  born  in  the  township  of  Yonge, 
county  of  Leeds,  on  the  7th  October,  1845. 
He  is  the  youngest  son  of  the  late  Edward 
Moles,  Leeds  county.  Mr.  Moles  received 
his  education  in  the  public  school  of  his 
township  ;  and  in  1866  he  began  business 
as  a  photographer  in  the  city  of  Hamilton, 
and  remained  there  until  1868,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Arnprior,  in  which  place  he  has 
since  resided  and  built  up  a  good  business. 
In  1873  he  established  the  Art  Union  Copy- 
ing Company,  of  which  he  was  manager 
for  several  years  ;  and  did  a  large  business 
throughout  Canada  in  copying  and  enlarg- 
ing portraits  for  the  trade.  In  1874  Mr. 
Moles  took  an  active  part  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  Vivian  lodge,  No.  146,  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Oddfellows,  of  which  he 
was  a  charter  member,  and  was  four  times 
elected  to  represent  it  in  the  Grand  Lodge 


328 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


of  Ontario.  He  is  also  an  active  Freema- 
son, and  for  several  years  held  the  position 
of  master  in  Madawaska  lodge,  No.  196. 
Mr.  Moles  has  been  a  member  of  the  Arn- 
prior  Board  of  Education  for  the  past  fifteen 
years ;  and  in  1884  and  1885  occupied  a  seat 
in  the  municipal  council.  In  January, 
1886,  he  was  chosen  reeve  of  Arnprior,  and 
occupied  the  position  with  honour  to  him- 
self and  credit  to  the  town.  He  has  always 
been  closely  identified  with  every  enterprise 
which  has  had  for  its  object  the  improve- 
ment and  advancement  of  the  place  in  which 
he  resides,  and  his  fellow-citizens  duly  ap- 
preciate his  work.  In  politics  Mr.  Moles 
is  a  Conservative,  and  is  secretary  of  the 
South  Kenfrew  Conservative  Association. 
On  the  20th  March,  1866,  he  was  married 
to  Mary,  youngest  daughter  of  John  Bur- 
gess, Hamilton,  and  has  a  family  of  six 
children,  four  daughters  and  two  sons. 

Doiiey,  Charles,  Merchant,  Ottawa, 
province  of  Ontario,  was  born  at  Lannevet, 
in  Cornwall,  England,  on  the  10th  March, 
1854.  His  father,  William  Doney,  was  one 
of  the  earliest  railway  contractors  in  Great 
Britain,  and  aided  in  the  construction  of 
most  of  the  trunk  lines  in  the  west  of  Eng- 
land. He  is  at  present  one  of  the  twenty- 
five  individuals  who  receive  a  life  pension 
from  the  Eailway  Association  of  Officers  in 
Great  Britain  as  a  reward  for  distinguished 
railway  services.  This  pension  is  granted 
by  a  majority  of  votes  from  the  railway  offi- 
cers throughout  the  kingdom.  His  mother, 
Elizabeth  Hawke,  is  descended  from  one 
of  the  oldest  families  and  landed  proprietors 
of  Cornwall  ;  her  father  being  Thomas 
Hawke,  of  Tintagel,  whose  father  was 
Thomas  Hawke,  of  St.  Kew.  They  owned 
estates  in  different  parts  of  the  county, 
and  carried  on  business  at  ( 1 )  the  Pollard 
Tucking  Mills,  weaving  blankets;  (2)  the 
St.  Tudy  flouring  mills;  (3)  the  Polrade 
farms  and  the  Soloden's  farm  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Tudy;  (4)  the  Trevilla  farm  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Teath;  (5)  the  Fenteonadel 
farm,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Brewevard;  (6) 
the  Tippen  farm,  in  the  parish  of  Tintagel, 
•near  King  Arthur's  castle  ;  and  (7)  the 
Beslow  farm,  in  the  parish  of  Tintagel.  Mr. 
Doney's  parents  now  reside  in  Plymouth, 
England.  Charles  Doney,  the  subject  of 
our  sketch,  being  of  an  adventurous  and 
speculative  turn  of  mind,  decided  against 
his  parents'  wishes  to  leave  his  native  land, 
and  sailed  for  America.  Arriving  in  Can- 


ada on  the  2nd  of  February,  1874,  he 
went  direct  to  the  city  of  Ottawa,  where  he 
filled  a  humble  position  until  November  of 
the  same  year,  when  he  decided  to  prepare 
himself  for  a  commercial  career.  Entering 
the  Ottawa  Business  College,  after  three 
months'  study,  the  shortest  on  record,  he 
graduated,  receiving  a  diploma.  He  then 
received  the  position  of  book-keeper  and 
assistant  manager  of  the  Clarendon  Hotel, 
Ottawa.  He  remained  here  nine  months, 
and  then  was  appointed,  through  the  intro- 
duction of  the  late  Hon.  James  Skead,  ca- 
terer to  the  Senate  of  Canada.  At  the  same 
time  he  received  the  appointment  of  stew- 
ard of  the  steamer  Queen  Victoria,  of  the 
Ottawa  River  Navigation  Company,  which 
gave  him  employment  during  the  summer 
months.  Two  years  after  the  Queen  Vic- 
toria was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  then  he 
made  use  of  his  time  by  travelling  through 
the  Western  States  and  Canada,  and  spent 
some  months  studying  the  French  language 
in  the  College  of  Ste.  The"rese,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec.  ID  1881  he  resigned  his 
position  as  caterer  to  the  Senate  for  the  pur- 
pose of  entering  into  business  as  a  retail 
shoe  merchant,  and  opened  a  store  at  65 
Sparks  street,  Ottawa,  where  after  three 
years  he  removed  to  his  new  and  handsome 
store  in  the  Scottish  Ontario  Chambers,  52 
Sparks  street.  Within  six  years  after  this 
he  placed  himself  at  the  head  of  the  shoe 
business  in  Ottawa,  being  now  president  of 
the  Ottawa  Shoe  Company,  and  proprietor 
of  the  store  in  the  Scottish  Ontario  Cham- 
bers, which  is  recognized  as  being  the  lead- 
ing shoe  establishment  in  Ottawa.  As  a 
merchant,  for  his  years,  and  without  any 
other  aid  or  capital  to  start  him  in  his  Can- 
adian career,  save  youth  and  energy,  he 
has  certainly  been  remarkably  successful  ; 
but  as  a  writer  he  stands  out  unique.  The 
talents  which  make  a  successful  trader  and 
those  which  tend  to  success  in  the  field  of 
literature  are  generally  supposed  to  be  dia- 
metrically opposed  to  each  other,  and  they 
really  are  ;  yet  he  has  demonstrated  be- 
yond dispute  that  he  is  possessed  of  both. 
In  1881  ho  started  out  in  his  career  as  a 
trader;  in  1887  he  is  the  recognized  leader 
in  his  city  of  his  particular  line  of  trade. 
In  May,  1886,he entered  the  field  of  "  trade" 
literature  in  the  United  States.  To-day, 
1887,  he  is  recognized  and  has  fairly  earned 
the  recognition  of  being  the  first  and  best 
writer  throughout  the  continent  of  America 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


329 


among  shoe  merchants.  In  the  early  part 
of  1886  the  publishers  of  the  Boot  and  Shoe 
Recorder,  of  Boston,  the  leading  shoe  paper 
of  the  United  States,  offered  three  prizes, 
first,  second,  and  third,  for  the  best  essays 
from  shoe  merchants,  on  "  How  to  Manage 
a  Retail  Shoe  Store."  Mr.  Doney  was  the 
first  to  reply,  sending  in  his  essay  with- 
in four  days  after  the  prizes  were  offered. 
The  Recorder  acknowledged  the  receipt  of 
the  essay  with  many  compliments,  and 
decided  to  publish  it  in  their  next  issue, 
May  19,  1886.  From  this  day  it  can  be 
fairly  claimed  that  Mr.  Doney  has  been  fa- 
mous throughout  America  as  a  writer  upon 
shoe  topics,  and  his  name  is  continually  in 
the  ascendency.  This  competition  went  on 
for  over  five  months,  and  although  all  the 
other  writers  had  the  advantage  of  reading 
Mr.  Doney's  essay,  and  the  president  of  the 
Shoe  Dealers'  Association  of  the  United 
States  was  among  the  competitors,  yet  by 
vote  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  the  shoe  merchants  awarded  Mr. 
Doney  the  first  prize,  giving  to  their  presi- 
dent the  second.  The  Boot  and  Shoe  Re- 
corder on  June  8,  1887,  forwarded  to  him  a 
beautiful  silver  tea  and  coffee  service  of  six 
pieces  in  recognition  of  first  prize.  Inscrib- 
ed on  the  coffee  pot  are  the  words,  "  Pre- 
sented to  0.  Doney  for  Prize  Essay,  1886." 
Mr.  Doney  is  the  only  known  shoe  merchant 
holding  a  prize  for  a  similar  effort  or  for  any 
other  production  in  the  field  of  literature 
throughout  America.  In  his  youth  he  al- 
ways found  pleasure  in  writing  upon  sub- 
jects beyond  his  years.  When  a  boy  of 
fourteen  he  wrote  for  self-amusement  an 
essay  upon  the  "Lord's  Supper,"  which 
obtained  quite  a  circulation  among  his  pri- 
vate circle.  During  the  time  he  held  the 
position  of  caterer  to  the  Senate,  about 
1877,  he  wrote  a  small  temperance  novel  of 
one  hundred  pages,  and  published  it  some 
five  years  after  it  was  written,  its  title  being 
"  John  the  Flunky."  This  little  work  has 
many  faults,  some  of  them  slightly  ridicu- 
lous ;  but  the  book,  as  a  boy's  mere  free  will 
effort,  shows  the  bent  of  the  author's  mind 
and  undoubted  mental  capacity.  He  has 
completed  a  second  novel  which  he  intends 
to  publish  in  1888,  and  as  G.  W.  Bengough 
has  consented  to  illustrate  it,  we  may  infer 
that  it  is  at  least  creditable.  It  will  make 
a  book  of  244  pages,  and  with  illustrations 
by  Mr.  Bengough,  will  become  a  volume  of 
275  pages.  Its  title  is  "David  Morrice; 


or  the  Eeunion  of  the  Races."  Mr.  Doney 
is  a  constant  contributor  to  the  Boot  and 
Shoe  Recorder,  of  Boston;  the  Shoe  and 
Leather  Review,  of  Chicago,  and  occasion- 
ally to  The  Merchant,  of  Toronto,  and  Lea- 
ther Gazette,  of  St.  Louis.  The  Review, 
of  Chicago,  pays  him  regularly  for  editor- 
ials for  its  shoe  dealers'  department.  As 
an  inventor  he  is  the  possessor  of  two  pat- 
ents; one  for  a  plate  for  the  heel  of  a  rub- 
ber shoe  which  it  is  generally  conceded  will 
bring  him  good  returns.  It  is  a  simple 
device,  but  being  a  universal  want  in  a  cli- 
mate such  as  Canada  possesses,  it  has  the 
merit  of  being  an  excellent  commercial  idea. 
The  other  is  a  plate  for  the  heel  of  a  leather 
boot  or  shoe.  This  plate  will  also  in  all 
probability  become  much  used,  as  it  is  de- 
cidedly the  best  of  its  kind  ever  invented. 
We  think  it  is  not  too  much  to  predict  for 
Mr.  Doney  a  successful  career. 

Longworth,  Hon.  John,  Q.C.,  Pro- 
thonotary  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Prince 
Edward  Island.  The  Hon.  Mr.  Longworth, 
who  died  at  Charlottetown,  on  the  llth  of 
April,  1885,  in  the  seventy-first  year  of  his 
age,  was  born  in  Charlottetown,  on  the  19th 
September,  1814,  and  was  a  son  of  Francis 
Longworth,  who  came  to  the  island  when  a 
young  man,  and  during  his  residence  there 
held  many  important  and  responsible  offices. 
He  was  a  member  of  a  highly  respectable 
Irish  family,  and  married  Agnes  Auld,  a 
native  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  her  parents 
being  from  Ayrshire,  Scotland.  Hon.  Mr. 
Longworth  received  his  education  at  the 
old  Central  Academy,  Charlottetown,  and 
studied  law  with  Sir  Robert  Hodgson,  when 
he  was  attorney -general  of  the  province. 
He  was  admitted  as  an  attorney  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  in  the  autumn  of  1837,  and  was 
called  to  the  bar  in  the  autumn  of  the  next 
year.  He  went  to  England  for  a  year,  and 
returning  to  Charlottetown,  opened  a  law  of- 
fice there  in  1840,  and  was  created  a  Queen's 
counsel  on  the  23rd  of  May,  1863.  He 
served  as  a  deputy  judge  of  the  Vice- Ad- 
miralty Court  of  the  province,  a  member  of 
the  legislature  for  twelve  years,  a  member 
of  the  government  for  eight  years,  at  vari- 
ous times,  as  Queen's  counsel,  and  as  attor- 
ney-general, with  credit  to  himself  and  ad- 
vantage to  the  country.  The  administration 
of  which  he  was  an  influential  member,  first 
led  by  the  Hon.  Edward  Palmer,  now  chief 
justice  of  the  province,  afterwards  by  the 
Hon.  Colonel  Gray,  C.M.G.,  was  a  strong 


330 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


and  able  one,  and  during  its  existence  many 
measures  of  great  importance  to  the  well 
being  of  the  province  were  carried  into 
effect.  Amongst  them  was  the  purchase  by 
the  government  of  the  Selkirk  and  Cunard 
estates,  two  of  the  largest  and  most  valu- 
able estates  in  the  province,  made  upon 
terms  highly  favourable  to  the  interests 
of  the  government  and  tenantry;  and  as  a 
mark  of  the  Queen's  approval  of  the  general 
policy  of  the  administration,  Mr.  Long- 
worth  and  his  colleagues,  on  their  retirement 
in  May,  1867,  received  Her  Majesty's  special 
sanction  and  authority  to  retain  the  rank 
and  title  which  they  held  as  members  of  Her 
Executive  Council.  Mr.  Longworth's  poli- 
tics were  Conservative,  but  it  is  well  known 
that  the  acts  and  legislation  of  the  present 
Dominion  government,  especially  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Pacific  Railway,  and  its  trade 
or  national  policy,  did  not  meet  his  approval, 
this  policy  being  especially,  in  Mr.  Long- 
worth's  opinion,  highly  detrimental  to  the 
most  vital  interests  of  Prince  Edward  Island 
and  the  other  Maritime  provinces.  The  de- 
ceased gentleman  was  well  known  as  a  con- 
sistant  and  devoted  member  of  St.  Paul's, 
Church  of  England.  He  was  a  man  of  sound 
Christian  character,  generous  impulses,  a 
kind  friend  to  the  unfortunate,  and  his 
career  as  a  public  and  private  member  to 
the  community,  won  for  him  the  warm  re- 
spect of  all  who  had  the  pleasure  of  being 
intimately  acquainted  with  him.  He  mar- 
ried in  March,  1847,  Elizabeth  W.  Tremaine, 
daughter  of  Eichard  Tremaine,  of  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  by  her  had  six  children, 
of  whom  three  died.  He  left  a  widow,  two 
sons  and  one  daughter  to  mourn  his  loss. 

Ho§§ack,  William,  of  Mount  Plea- 
sant, Quebec,  was  born  hi  the  ancient  capi- 
tal, on  the  12th  January,  1814,  and  has 
continued  to  reside  there  ever  since.  He  is 
the  eldest  of  twelve  children  of  the  late 
William  Hossack,  who  for  so  many  years 
was  engaged  in  the  grocery  trade  in  Que- 
bec. The  Hossacks  came  to  Quebec  from 
Morayshire,  Scotland,  about  the  middle  of 
last  century,  though  their  origin  is  Danish. 
For  several  generations  the  name  has  been 
a  prominent  one  in  Quebec  in  connection 
with  the  grocery  trade,  the  family  business 
being  still  in  the  hands  of  a  member  of  the 
family,  George  Hossack,  of  Garden  street. 
The  subject  of  our  sketch,  after  receiving  a 
good  English  and  commercial  education  at 
old  Mr.  Thorn's  Academy,  became  asso- 


ciated with  his  father  in  business,  and  con- 
tinued with  him  until  he  was  in  a  position 
to  start  in  life  for  himself.  His  first  ven- 
ture was  in  the  leather  trade,  but  the  great 
fire  of  Quebec  in  1845,  which  destroyed  mil- 
lions worth  of  property,  destroyed  Hossack's 
tannery  and  warehouse,  involving  the  young 
and  enterprising  owner  of  it  in  what  seemed 
at  one  time  the  commercial  ruin  of  the  city. 
Nothing  daunted,  however,  the  young  mer- 
chant set  to  work  to  recruit  his  fallen  for- 
tunes. A  short  time  after  the  terrible  cal- 
amity which  befell  his  native  city,  he  once 
more  took  to  his  father's  line  of  business, 
and  soon  forgot  his  first  commercial  draw- 
back in  the  prosperity  which  began  to  smile 
on  his  new  enterprise.  After  many  years 
of  close  attention  to  his  business,  he  event- 
ually found  himself  in  a  position  to  retire  on 
a  competency.  His  inclinations  had  always 
been  those  of  a  careful  reader  of  books  and 
events,  and  now,  when  he  found  leisure  on 
his  hands,  even  while  he  had  but  yet  attain- 
ed to  the  prime  of  life,  he  determined  to 
travel  in  Europe  and  Egypt,  where  for 
months  he  passed  from  city  to  city,  visiting 
the  scenes  of  historic  interest,  and  deepen- 
ing the  impressions  gained  of  such  by  de- 
sultory study.  Even  while  busily  engaged 
with  his  daily  occupations  as  a  business 
man,  he  was  known  to  be  one  who  was  fond 
of  what  people  call  heavy  reading;  and  he 
was  now  able  to  mature  his  native  intelli- 
gence within  the  broader  and  deeper  light 
of  a  personal  experience  with  the  scenes  of 
which  he  had  read.  On  his  return  to  Que- 
bec he  began  to  take  an  active  part  in  pub- 
lic affairs.  For  eight  years  he  represented 
St.  Louis  ward  in  the  city  council,  and  was 
at  the  end  of  that  period  chosen  mayor  of 
Quebec,  an  office,  however,  which  he  held 
only  for  a  short  period,  on  account  of  some 
legal  technicality  in  connection  with  his  re- 
siding beyond  the  city  limits.  In  addition 
to  this  high  honor  conferred  upon  him  by 
his  fellow  councillors,  he  was  for  some  time 
president  of  the  St.  Andrew's  Society,  presi- 
dent of  the  Eastern  Townships  Colonization 
Society,  and  vice-president  of  the  Society 
for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals. 
Few  men  have  been  more  highly  respected 
as  a  public  man.  Straightforward  in  his 
dealings,  he  has  easily  won  and  retained  the 
confidence  of  those  associated  with  him  in 
conducting  public  business.  At  present  he 
is  president  of  the  Quebec  City  Mission; 
vice-president  of  the  Literary  and  Historical 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


331 


Society,  and  chairman  of  the  Protestant 
Board  of  School  Commissioners.  These  offi- 
ces he  has  held  for  a  long  period  of  years. 
For  fifteen  years  he  fulfilled  the  duties  of 
treasurer  of  Chalmers'  Church,  Quebec,  a 
congregation  in  which  he  is  one  of  the  most 
highly-respected  members  and  adherents. 
Indeed,  in  every  good  work  Mr.  Hossack 
is  always  to  be  depended  upon  to  take  his 
share.  In  1868  he  married  Helen,  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Philip  Peebles,  of  Quebec. 
His  youngest  sister  is  married  to  William 
Cassils,  one  of  Montreal's  most  prominent 
citizens. 

MM i Hi,  Robert  Barry,  Barrister, 
Moncton,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at  Port- 
land. St.  John,  N.B.,  on  the  15th  May,  1852. 
His  father  was  the  Rev.  William  Smith, 
Wesleyan  minister,  who  came  to  Nova  Sco- 
tia from  Nottingham,  England,  as  a  mis- 
sionary, in  1827,  and  who  died  at  St.  An- 
drew's, N.B.,  in  1862.  His  mother,  Ellen 
Barry,  was  the  fourth  daughter  of  Robert 
Barry,  who  went  to  Virginia  in  one  of  the 
king's  ships,  and  having  procured  his  dis- 
charge, settled  there,  and  when  the  revolu- 
tionary war  began  left  a  very  valuable 
property  and  emigrated  to  Nova  Scotia, 
settling  near  Shelburne,  and  afterwards 
removing  to  Liverpool,  N.S.,  where  he  died 
in  1839,  greatly  esteemed.  Mr.  Smith  was 
educated  at  Mount  Allison  College,  Sack- 
ville,  N.  B.,  and  went  through  the  arts 
course,  but  left  without  taking  any  degree. 
He  studied  law  with  A.  A.  Stockton,  LLi.D., 
now  member  of  the  New  Brunswick  legis- 
lature for  St.  John  city  and  county.  He 
was  admitted  an  attorney  in  1874,  and 
caUed  to  the  bar  in  1875.  In  1880  he 
removed  to  Dorchester,  and  practised  in 
partnership  with  J.  B.  Beck,  then  clerk  of 
the  courts.  In  1881  he,  however,  returned 
to  Moncton,  and  has  since  been  engaged 
in  nearly  every  important  case  tried  in 
the  county.  In  1885  he  argued  the  "  Scott 
Act  Scrutiny"  case  before  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Canada  at  Ottawa,  in  the  inter- 
ests of  the  liquor  dealers,  in  which,  after  six 
months'  consideration,  a  majority  of  the 
court  gave  an  adverse  opinion.  In  1886 
he  argued  before  the  same  court  against 
an  appeal  taken  by  the  town  of  Moncton 
from  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Brunswick, 
which  had  decided  that  the  mode  in  which 
the  town  carried  on  its  tax-sales  of  land  was 
illegal,  and  was  successful.  He  was  counsel 
in  the  Cadby  extradition  case,  in  the  inter- 


est of  the  United  States,  and  succeeded  in 
obtaining  the  prisoner's  extradition  after 
much  delay  and  argument.  In  this  case 
he  was  associated  with  W.  F.  MacCoy,Q.C., 
of  Halifax,  and  C.  A.  Palmer,  of  St.  John, 
leading  on  the  arguments.  Mr.  Smith  is 
thought  to  be  successful  in  criminal  trials, 
and  is  generally  employed  for  the  defence. 
In  1884  he  was  appointed  clerk  of  the  cir- 
cuits for  Westmoreland  county,  and  in  the 
same  year  a  police  judge  for  Moncton,  and 
holds  these  offices  still.  In  1886  he  entered 
into  a  professional  partnership  with  James 
Kay,  and  the  firm  is  now  doing  a  large 
business.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  strong  Liberal  in 
Dominion  politics,  and  supporter  of  the 
present  local  government.  He  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  politics,  both  in  canvassing 
and  speaking  throughout  the  constituency. 
In  municipal  politics  he  offered,  in  March, 
1887,  as  a  candidate  for  councillor  in  the 
2nd  ward,  but  was  defeated  by  a  small  ma- 
jority, on  account  of  his  opposition  to  the 
Scott  Act.  In  religious  matters  he  inclines 
to  Methodism  in  most  points,  but  is  gener- 
ally opposed  to  creeds  and  dogmas.  He 
was  married  on  the  29th  June,  1875,  to 
Miss  T.  W.  Knapp,  daughter  of  Charles  E. 
Knapp,  clerk  of  the  peace  for  Westmoreland 
county,  and  a  great-granddaughter  of  Ma  - 
jor  Dickson,  who  was  a  sturdy  Indian 
fighter,  and  who  commanded  Fort  Beause- 
jour  (  Cumberland )  for  some  time.  She  was 
also  a  direct  descendant  of  U.  E.  loyalists 
who  settled  near  the  fort. 

Kennedy,  James  Thomas,  Con- 
tractor and  Builder,  Indiantown,  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick,  was  born  in  1809,  at  West- 
field,  Kings  county,  New  Brunswick.  The 
paternal  grandfather  of  Mr.  Kennedy  was 
born  at  Covent  Garden,  London,  Eng.,  and 
before  he  attained  his  majority  sailed  for 
America  in  the  frigate  Cumden,  which  was 
laden  with  supplies  for  the  loyalists  during 
the  American  revolution.  This  vessel  was 
cast  away  on  the  east  end  of  Long  Island, 
but  the  crew  and  passengers  escaped  with 
their  lives.  Soon  after  this,  James  Kennedy 
joined  one  of  his  Majesty's  foot  regiments 
stationed  near  Boston,  in  which  he  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  afterwards 
removed  to  Fredericton,  where  he  got  his 
discharge.  Here  he  married  Elizabeth 
Belmain,  who  was  born  in  Londonderry, 
Ireland,  May  27th,1750,  and  settled  in  West- 
field,  Kings  county,  where  he  died,  leaving 
four  children — James,  Anne,  John  and 


332 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Joseph,  all  of  whom  are  now  dead.  John 
Kennedy,  the  father  of  James  Thomas,  was 
born  at  Westfield,  June  27th,  1788,  and  was 
married  to  Mary  Trott  in  1810,  by  Parson 
Scoville,  rector  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  at 
Kingston,  Kings  county,  by  whom  he  had 
a  family  of  twelve  children — John,  James 
T.,  Elizabeth,  MaryB,,  Joseph  E.,Kate  A., 
William  D.,  Polly  S.,  Samuel  P.,  Sophia  E., 
Sarah  C.,  and  Moses  R.,  seven  of  whom  are 
now  residing  in  California.  On  1st  No- 
vember, 1819,  John  Kennedy  removed  with 
his  family  from  Westfield  to  the  United 
States,  James  T.  being  at  this  time  about 
ten  years  of  age.  They  set  sail  from  St. 
John  in  the  fishing  schooner  Bunk,  but  as 
the  war  of  1812  had  not  yet  been  brought  to 
a  close,  they  were  landed  in  a  small  boat  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Penobscot  river,  and  ship- 
ped in  the  coasting  schooner  Seven  Bro- 
thers. The  weather  was  cold  and  stormy,  and 
on  the  1st  of  December  they  were  wrecked 
during  a  snowstorm  on  Cranberry  Island. 
Here  they  remained  on  the  beach  from  eight 
o'clock  in  the  evening  until  two  o'clock  the 
following  day.  Mrs.  Kennedy  and  the  chil- 
dren suffered  great  hardships,  the  passen- 
gers having  been  brought  to  land  by  boats 
attached  to  a  line.  After  a  >  short  delay  on 
the  island  they  sailed  for  Castine  in  a  fishing 
schooner,  and  on  their  arrival  at  this  place 
the  unfortunate  castaways  were  treated  with 
great  kindness  by  the  inhabitants.  The 
family  remained  in  Maine  until  1822,  when 
they  returned  to  New  Brunswick  and  settled 
in  Carleton  county.  James  Thomas  Ken- 
nedy, the  subject  of  this  sketch,  received 
his  education  in  Westfield,  and  was  married 
on  the  4th  July,  1838,  to  Cynthia  Waters, 
of  Westfield,  who  was  of  loyalist  descent- 
This  lady  died  on  the  17th  July,  1839  ;  and 
on  the  27th  November,  1845,  he  married 
Eliza  Lingley,  also  of  Westfield.  Miss 
Lingley  was  a  daughter  of  Abraham  Ling- 
ley,  a  grandson  of  Jane  Astor,  a  sister  of  the 
late  John  Jacob  Astor,  of  New  York,  who 
came  with  a  party  of  U.  E.  loyalists  to  New 
Brunswick  in  1773.  Her  grandfather  bore 
arms  through  the  revolutionary  war,  and  at 
its  close  settled  at  Nerepis  Creek,  Kings 
county,  where  he  died  in  1861,  at  the  age 
of  ninety-one  years,  and  was  buried  on  the 
anniversary  of  his  birth.  His  wife  died 
three  weeks  after  him  in  the  same  place  at 
the  age  of  eighty-six  years.  Early  in  life 
Mr.  Kennedy  displayed  that  aptitude  in 
business  which  has  made  nearly  every  enter- 


prise in  which  he  has  engaged  a  success. 
In  1842  and  1843,  we  find  him  sailing  a 
passenger  steamer,  and  also  in  command  of 
a  boat,  towing  logs  from  Fredericton  to  St. 
John.  And  about  the  same  time  he  erected 
two  sawmills  which  he  worked  successfully. 
In  1841  he  removed  his  family  from  West- 
field  to  Indiantown,  St.  John,  where  he  took 
up  his  residence.  In  1843  he  transported 
in  boats  from  Spoon  Island  the  granite  that 
was  used  in  the  construction  of  the  North 
Wharf  buildings  in  St.  John  ;  and  also  con- 
veyed from  the  same  quarries  the  granite 
used  in  the  building  of  the  custom-house  on 
Prince  William  street,  destroyed  by  the  great 
fire  in  1877.  This  was  one  of  the  most  im- 
posing buildings  erected  in  the  Maritime 
provinces  previous  to  confederation.  He 
also  transpprted  the  stones  used  in  the  for- 
tifications about  St.  John,  including  those 
at  Partridge  Island,  the  Hampton  Jail,  and 
for  the  capital  of  the  province  at  Fredericton. 
During  the  years  1878,  '79,  '80  Mr.  Kennedy 
was  engaged  in  the  construction  of  the  deep- 
water  terminus  of  the  Intercolonial  Railway 
at  Lewes  Cove,  St.  John,  which  is  one  of  the 
most  substantial  structures  of  the  kind  on 
the  coast  of  the  Dominion  ;  and  in  1882  he 
completed  the  St.  Peter's  canal  at  St.  Peter's. 
Cape  Briton.  It  is  half  a  mile  in  length, 
fifty-eight  feet  in  breadth,  eighteen  feet  in 
depth,  and  has  a  lock  two  hundred  feet 
long  and  forty-eight  wide.  This  canal — its 
usefulness  being  of  great  value — will  stand 
for  centuries  as  a  monument  to  its  builder. 
He  took  a  great  interest  in  the  centennial  cel- 
ebration of  the  landing  of  the  U.  E.  loyalists 
in  St.  John, which  was  held  on  the  17th  May, 
1873  ;  and  on  the  occasion  presented  to 
Portland  an  elegant  freestone  drinking  foun- 
tain for  man  and  beast,  in  commemoration 
of  the  day,  and  in  memory  of  his  only  son, 
born  24th  November,  1854,  and  who  died 
on  the  30th  October,  1877.  Mr.  Kennedy 
was  made  a  freeman  of  the  city  of  St.  John 
in  1839,  and  was  appointed  a  magistrate 
in  1873.  Although  his  business  life  has 
been  a  most  active  one,  yet  he  has  found 
time  to  travel  through  several  of  the  states 
of  the  neighbouring  Republic  and  in  the 
provinces  of  Canada.  During  these  ram- 
bles he  has  been  a  keen  observer,  and  never 
failed  to  store  his  mind  with  facts  likely  to 
prove  useful  to  him  in  the  prosecution  of 
his  business.  He  has  never  been  an  aspir- 
ant for  official  honours,  the  only  office  he 
ever  accepted  being  a  seat  in  the  Portland 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


333 


town  council  in  1874  and  1875.  He  has 
always  been  a  constant  advocate  of  temper- 
ance, and  is  a  member  of  several  temperance 
societies.  In  religious  matters  he  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Episcopal  church.  Active 
in  all  movements  calculated  to  improve  the 
condition  of  the  poor  and  to  elevate  the 
masses  to  a  better  appreciation  of  the  duties 
and  responsibilities  of  life.  Five  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  Kennedy,  one  son 
and  four  daughters.  Mr.  Kennedy,  we 
may  add,  is  a  Conservative  in  politics. 

Cameron,  Cnarle§,  Manager  of  the 
Great  Northern  Transit  Company,  Colling- 
wood,  Ontario,  was  born  on  the  24th  Feb- 
ruary, 1835,  in  Aberdeenshire,  Scotland. 
He  is  the  son  of  Donald  Cameron,  of  Appin, 
Argyleshire,  one  of  the  clan  of  Lochiel,  and 
a  slate  manufacturer.  His  mother  was  Isa- 
bella Harper,  and  belonged  to  the  parish  of 
Marnoch,  in  Banffshire,  Scotland.  Mr. 
Cameron  received  a  liberal  education  at  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  was 
apprenticed  to  the  joiner  and  millwright 
trade,  and  came  to  America  in  1853.  After 
spending  one  season  in  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
and  a  second  in  Toronto,  he  went  north  to 
Colling  wood,  arriving  in  that  place  on  the 
7th  February,  1855.  After  working  at  his 
trade  for  about  two  years,  on  the  fine  rail- 
way station,  which  is  so  conspicuous  an  or- 
nament of  the  town  of  Collingwood,  he  went 
into  the  hotel-keeping,  combining  therewith 
livery  stables,  and  controlling  the  principal 
mail  stage  routes  of  the  vicinity,  until  1871, 
when  he  retired  from  this  business,  and 
since  that  time  has  devoted  his  time  mostly 
to  the  shipping  enterprises  with  which  he 
has  since  become  identified.  Mr.  Cameron 
has  ever  been  in  the  front  with  any  and 
every  undertaking  calculated  to  benefit  the 
town  he  has  chosen  as  his  home.  He  built 
the  first  schooner  ever  launched  in  the  port, 
and  was  the  primary  promoter  of  the  Col- 
lingwood Tug  and  Wrecking  Co.,  the  Geor- 
gian Bay  Transportation  Co.,  the  Great 
Northern  Transit  Co.,  and  the  Collingwood 
Iron  Foundry — all  of  them  pioneer  enter- 
prises. Mr.  Cameron  is  also  an  active 
member  of  the  Agricultural  and  Horticul- 
tural societies  in  the  county  of  Simcoe,  and 
has  been  of  great  service  to  the  farming 
community  of  this  part  of  the  province.  He 
has  aided  greatly  in  the  importation  of  val- 
uable draught  stallions,  and  thus  gave  an 
early  impulse  to  the  improvement  of  the 
breed  of  horses,  now  so  noticeable  in  the 


local  fall  shows.  Mr.  Cameron  held  the 
offices  of  a  councillor,  reeve,  and  deputy- 
reeve  for  nine  years,  closing  with  the  office 
of  warden,  to  which  he  was  elected  by  a 
unanimous  vote  of  the  county  council  of 
Simcoe,  which  at  that  time  numbered  fifty - 
four  members,  and  ranked  the  fourth 
largest  legislative  body  in  the  dominion. 
Although  declining  all  municipal  honours 
since  1881,  he  still  enjoys  the  esteem  of  his 
former  colleagues  by  representing  them  on 
the  Collegiate  Institute  board,  and  this  posi- 
tion he  has  held  for  the  past  fourteen  years 
consecutively.  Mr.  Cameron  is  also  vice- 
president  of  the  Farmers'  North- West  Land 
and  Colonization  Co.,  a  director  of  the  Col- 
lingwood Horticultural  Society,  treasurer  of 
the  North  Simcoe  Conservative  Association, 
and  manager  of  the  Great  Northern  Transit 
Co.  He  is  the  largest  property -owner  in 
the  town  of  Collingwood,  and  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  county  of  Simcoe.  Mr. 
Cameron  is  a  Knight  Templar  of  the 
Masonic  order,  in  which  he  has  held  the 
office  of  eminent  preceptor.  He  is  a  strong 
Conservative  in  politics,  and  in  his  religious 
opinions  adheres  to  the  Presbyterian  church 
of  his  ancestors.  He  was  married,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1860,  to  Margaret  Barren,  daughter 
of  George  Lunan,  formerly  of  Lower  Can- 
ada, by  whom  he  has  had  seven  children. 
Four  are  living,  viz.,  Isabella  H.  (married 
to  Chas.  E.  Holmes,  of  Toronto),  Alexander 
B.,  Chestena  C.,  and  Charles  H.  M.  Mrs. 
Cameron  died  12th  April,  1885. 

Cameron,  William,  Farmer,  Suther- 
land Kiver,  Pictou,  M.P.P.  for  Pictou 
county,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  Suther- 
land Kiver,  Pictou,  N.S.,  on  the  25th  Sep- 
tember, 1847.  His  parents  were  Alexander 
Cameron  and  Margaret  McKay,  of  New 
Glasgow.  His  paternal  grandfather  emi- 
grated from  Inverness,  Scotland,  and  settled 
in  Pictou  about  1801,  and  his  maternal 
grandmother  came  from  the  same  place 
about  1790,  and  her  parents  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  in  New  Glasgow.  Mr. 
Cameron  received  his  education  at  Dalhou- 
sie  College,  Halifax,  and  graduated  from 
that  institution  in  1873  with  the  degree  of 
B.A.  He  taught  school  for  some  years  be- 
fore going  to  college,  and  afterwards  during 
college  recess.  He  was  for  a  time  principal 
of  the  high  schools  of  Westville,  Kiver 
John,  and  Bridgewater,  and  closed  his 
teaching  career  in  the  mathematical  depart- 
ment of  the  New  Glasgow  High  School. 


334 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


For  two  years  Mr.  Cameron  studied  medi- 
cine at  the  Medical  School  at  Halifax,  but 
his  health  failing,  and  on  account  of  the 
death  of  his  brother,  which  took  place  in 
1877,  he  abandoned  his  medical  studies, 
and  returned  home  to  assist  his  father,  who 
was  now  growing  old,  and  his  mother  very 
infirm,  both  of  whom  demanded  his  com- 
pany as  well  as  his  care.  He  has  been 
auditor  of  the  municipality  of  Pictou  since 
1884.  In  1873  he  joined  the  Masonic 
brotherhood,  and  has  ever  since  taken  an 
interest  in  the  order.  On  the  8th  March, 
1887,  a  vacancy  having  occurred  in  Pictou 
county,  in  consequence  of  the  resignation  of 
A.  C.  Bell,  the  sitting  member,  Mr.  Cameron 
offered  himself  as  a  candidate,  and  was 
elected  for  his  native  county  to  a  seat  in  the 
House  of  Assembly  of  Nova  Scotia.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Conservative,  of  the  inde- 
pendent type,  and  is  a  thoroughly  practical 
man.  In  religion  he  is  an  adherent  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  In  1882  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Mary  Catherine  Dawson,  of  Little 
Harbor,  Pictou  county, .N.S. 

*f rotliurd,  5Jtev.  James,  Pastor  of 
Grafton  Street  Methodist  Church,  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  was  born  atTadcaster,  a  small 
market  town  in  Yorkshire,  England,  on  the 
5th  August,  1847.  His  parents  were  Joseph 
and  Mary  Strothard.  His  father  held  a 
position  of  trust  under  the  first  Lord  Lon- 
desborough,  of  Grimston  Park,  Yorkshire; 
and  his  maternal  grandfather  was  a  person 
of  considerable  wealth  and  importance,  and 
for  many  years  was  a  surveyor  of  highways. 
As  a  lad  the  Eev.  Mr.  Strothard  attended 
the  National  Grammar  School  in  the  village 
of  Ulleskelf,  and  from  a  very  early  age  de- 
veloped a  love  for  books,  often  pursuing  his 
studies  long  after  the  rest  of  the  family  had 
retired  to  rest.  He  won  his  first  prize  at 
school  when  only  seven  years  of  age,  and  a 
few  years  later  received  as  a  prize  a  fine 
Reference  Bible.  After  leaving  the  Gram- 
mar School  he  spent  two  years  in  study  at 
two  first  class  boarding  schools,  and  by  this 
means  he  secured  a  good  English  education 
He  was  religiously  brought  up  in  the  Epis- 
copal church,  but  having  been  converted 
in  his  fourteenth  year,  joined  the  Wes- 
ley an  Methodist  Church  in  his  native  town. 
After  attending  the  Sabbath-school  as  a 
scholar  and  teacher  for  four  years,  he  was 
sent  out  as  a  local  preacher  when  eighteen 
years  of  age.  For  several  years  he  contin- 
ued his  theological  studies  under  the  guid- 


ance and  with  the  assistance  of  the  several 
ministers  who  successively  occupied  the  cir- 
cuit. Moving  to  Barnsley  in  1868,  he  had 
also  the  advantage  for  two  years  of  listen- 
ing to  the  theological  lectures  from  the 
Rev.  Thos.  H.  Leal,  at  that  time  stationed 
there.  While  pursuing  his  theological  stu- 
dies with  a  view  of  offering  hirriself  to  the 
English  Wesleyan  Conference  for  the  West 
African  mission  field,  he  received  in  No- 
vember, 1870,  a  letter  from  the  Rev.  Hum- 
phrey Pickard,  D.D.,  who  was  then  presi- 
dent of  the  Conference  of  Eastern  British 
America,  informing  him  that  he  had  been 
chosen  for  the  ministry  in  the  Maritime 
provinces,  and  urging  him  to  come  out  and 
accept  an  appointment  at  once.  Believing 
this  to  be  a  call  of  Providence,  he  respond- 
ed by  embarking  at  Liverpool  for  Halifax 
on  the  17th  of  December,  1870.  His  cleri- 
cal companions  were  the  Rev.  Caleb  Parker, 
now  at  Souris  River,  Manitoba,  and  the 
Rev.  W.  H.  Emsley,  of  the  Toronto  Confer- 
ence. After  a  stormy  voyage  of  sixteen 
days,  the  City  of  Limerick  steamed  up  Hal- 
ifax harbor  on  Monday  morning,  2nd  Janu- 
ary, 1871.  His  destination  was  Miramichi, 
New  Brunswick.  He  labored  on  that  cir- 
cuit under  the  superintendence  of  the  late 
Rev.  Ingham  Sutcliffe,  until  the  conference 
of  1872;  and  was  then  appointed  to  take 
charge  of  the  Charles  Street  Church  in  the 
city  of  Halifax,  this  being  a  small  mission 
church  at  that  time,  and  he  was  its  first 
pastor.  During  his  three  years  incumbency, 
the  congregation  and  Sunday-school  grew 
so  rapidly  as  to  necessitate  an  enlargement 
of  the  building.  At  the  last  session  of  the 
Conference  of  Eastern  British  America,  held 
at  Charlottetown,  Prince  Elward  Island,  in 
1874,  presided  over  by  the  Rev.  John  Mc- 
Murray,  D.D.,  he  was  ordained  to  the 
Methodist  ministry,  together  with  twelve 
other  candidates,  among  whom  were  Rev. 
W.  W.  Brewer,  of  Centenary  Church,  St. 
John ;  Rev.  W.  Dobson,  of  Fredericton,  and 
the  Rev.  Ralph  Brecken,  of  Sackville,  New 
Brunswick.  From  the  conference  of  1875 
to  1878  he  was  stationed  at  Avondale,  Hants 
county.  During  this  period  the  circuit  was 
visited  with  a  gracious  revival,  and  a  large 
number  was  added  to  the  church.  The  next 
three  years  were  spent  in  Canning,  Kings 
county.  From  thence  he  removed  to  Gran- 
ville  Ferry,  Annapolis  county,  where  he  re- 
mained the  full  term.  In  1884  he  was  in- 
vited to  take  charge  of  Providence  Church, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


335 


Yarmouth  ;  and  after  three  years  of  suc- 
cessful work  in  Yarmouth,  he  is  now  back 
in  Halifax,  having  received  an  invitation  to 
the  Graft  on  Street  Church,  of  which  he  is 
now  pastor  and  doing  good  work  in  the 
Master's  vineyard.  As  a  youth  the  Eev. 
Mr.  Strothard  served  seven  years  in  the 
First  West  York  Battalion  of  Eifle  Volun- 
teers. He  was  admitted  when  only  four- 
teen years  of  age  (the  regulation  age  being 
seventeen),  being  exceptionally  tall  for  his 
age.  He  is  associated  with  the  Independ- 
ent Order  of  Oddfellows  ;  with  the  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Good  Templars ;  and  with 
the  order  of  Sons  of  Temperance,  and  for 
two  years  rilled  the  office  of  Grand  Chap- 
lain of  the  Grand  Division  of  the  Sons  of 
Temperance  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  has  tra- 
velled a  good  deal,  and  has  twice  visited 
Great  Britain  and  France  via  Boston  and 
New  York.  He  was  married  on  the  8th  of 
July,  1874,  in  the  old  Centenary  Methodist 
Church  at  St.  John,  N.B.,  by  the  Eev. 
Henry  Pope,  D.D.,  to  Alice  Eliza,  second 
daughter  of  Henry  S.  Beek,  bookseller  and 
bookbinder.  Mr.  Beek  was  born  in  Cork, 
Ireland,  but  came  to  New  Brunswick  early 
in  life,  his  father  being  connected  with  the 
Crown  Lands  office  in  the  city  of  Frederic- 
ton.  He  was  married  to  Olivia,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  Smith,  of  the  Eoyal  navy,  by 
whom  he  had  five -sons  and  two  daughters. 
Truciimn,  Harmon  Sila*,  M.D., 
Sackville,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  oil  the 
20th  August,  1858,  at  Point  de  Bute,  West- 
moreland county,  N.B.  His  father,  Martin 
Bent  Trueman  (now,  1887,  aged  seventy- 
four  years )  was  a  son  of  Harmon  Trueman; 
whose  father,  William  Trueman,  came  to 
Westmoreland,  then  part  of  Cumberland, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  1775,  from  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land. He  came  in  company  with  his  pa- 
rents, his  father  being  also  named  William, 
and  he  William,  junior,  the  only  son.  He, 
the  younger  William,  left,  however,  a  large 
family,  and  those  descended  from  him  now 
number  over  six  hundred.  Dr.  Trueman's 
mother,  who  is  also  still  living,  and  aged 
sixty-nine  years,  is  Bethia  Purdy,  daughter 
of  Samuel  Purdy,  and  grand-daughter  of 
the  late  Colonel  Gilbert  Purdy.  This  gentle- 
man served  in  the  British'  forces  during 
the  American  revolutionary  war.  For  his 
bravery  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
colonel,  and  on  the  declaration  of  peace  re- 
ceived a  life  pension.  His  home  was  for 
many  years  in  New  York  state,  where  he 


married  one  Phoebe  Wood,  and  from  which 
place  he  with  his  wife  and  two  of  his 
brothers  removed  to  Cumberland,  Nova 
Scotia,  at  the  close  of  the  war,  they  being  of 
the  true  loyalist  stock.  Dr.  Trueman  re- 
ceived his  primary  education  in  his  native 
parish,  and  afterwards  carried  to  partial 
conclusion  a  course  in  arts  at  Mount  Allison 
Academy  and  College.  He  took  the  regular 
medical  course  at  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Philadelphia,  during  the  years 
1877-1880  inclusive.  In  the  autumn  of  1880 
he  settled  in  Sackville,  and  having  pur- 
chased the  premises  of  Dr.  A.  Fleming,  who 
was  leaving  for  Manitoba,  he  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  has  ever  since 
carried  on  practice  without  any  interrup- 
tion. He  belongs  to  the  Eoyal  Arcanum. 
In  politics  he  is  a  moderate  Conservative, 
but  takes  no  active  part  in  political  move- 
ments. He  was  brought  up  in  the  Metho- 
dist church,  and  still  adheres  to  the  same 
denomination.  In  1880  he  visited  Europe, 
and  travelled  considerably  in  England  and 
France.  He  has  also  visited  most  of  the 
New  England  cities.  The  doctor  takes  an 
interest  in  military  affairs,  and  has  been  a 
surgeon  for  two  years  in  the  74th  battalion 
of  Canadian  infantry.  On  the  22nd  June, 
1881,  he  was  married  to  Priscilla  Carlisle 
Bliss,  daughter  of  the  late  A.  A.  Bliss,  of 
Halifax,  and  closely  connected  with  the  Bliss 
fanaily  now  largely  distributed  throughout 
America. 

p<»l>§on,  Rev.  William,  Methodist 
Minister,  Frederictonj  New  Brunswick,  was 
born  at  Bedeque,  Prince  Edward  Island. 
His  father,  William  Dobson,  was  a  native 
of  Yorkshire,  and  came  to  America  in  1821, 
and  settled  in  Prince  Edward  Island,  where 
he  began  farming.  In  1823  he  married 
Ann  Moys,  the  eldest  daughter  of  Captain 
Thomas  Moys,  of  Bedeque,  and  the  subject 
of  our  sketch  is  the  second  son  of  this 
union.  Eev.  Mr.  Dobson  received  his  pri- 
mary education  at  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  place,  and  when  about  eighteen  years 
of  age  entered  the  Grammar  School,  where 
he  remained  two  years.  He  then  went  to 
Mount  Allison  College,  where  for  a  time  he 
studied  Greek,  Latin,  German,  and  theol- 
ogy. After  leaving  school  he  entered  the 
ministry  of  the  Methodist  church,  and  since 
then  he  has  occupied  churches  in  Guys- 
borough  and  Digby,  in  Nova  Scotia;  and 
Jacksonville,  Sheffield,  Albert,  Potton,  St. 
John,  and  Fredericton,  in  New  Brunswick. 


336 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


He  entered  his  present  charge  in  Frederic- 
ton  in  1886,  and  is  very  much  respected  by 
his  congregation.  Kev.  Mr.  Dobson  takes 
an  active  interest  in  any  movement  calcu- 
lated to  advance  the  Kedeemer's  kingdom 
on  earth.  On  the  llth  of  August,  1874,  he 
was  married  to  Ella  A.  Morehouse,  of  Digby, 
N.S.  Her  parents  were  of  the  old  loyalist 
stock,  who  settled  in  Nova  Scotia  during 
the  American  rebellion. 

Robertson,  George,  Merchant,  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  on  the  30th 
January,  1844,  at  Kingston,  Kent  county, 
N.B.  His  father,  the  late  Duncan  Robert- 
son, ship-builder,  was  a  native  of  Aberdeen, 
Scotland,  whose  forefathers  had  come  from 
Perthshire  and  settled  in  Aberdeen.  The 
mother  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was 
Georgina  Jardine,  a  native  of  Wamphray, 
Dumfriesshire,  Scotland.  Both  parents  first 
settled  in  Kingston,  about  the  year  1834. 
Mrs.  Robertson's  brothers,  J.  &  T.  Jardine 
have  had  a  long  and  successful  career  as 
ship-builders  and  ship  owners  in  Kingston; 
and  her  mother,  Janet  Paterson,  came  of  a 
family  which  has  provided  some  men  of  his- 
torical note:  among  others,  William  Pater- 
son,  the  founder  of  the  Bank  of  England, 
one  of  the  promoters  of  the  disastrous 
Darien  scheme,  etc.,  and  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
"  Old  Mortality,"  etc.  Mr.  Robertson  was 
educated  in  the  English  branches  at  the 
public  schools,  and  at  Sackville  Acadeiay, 
and  spent  the  greater  part  of  his  boyhood 
in  Moncton  and  Cocagne.  He  acquired 
some  general  knowledge  of  ship-building, 
shop-keeping,  and  farming;  and  in  1858-9 
lumbered  in  a  small  way  on  his  own  ac- 
count. The  family  having  returned  to 
Moncton  in  1860,  he  shortly  afterwards  left 
for  St.  John  in  search  of  employment,  and 
to  make  his  way  in  the  world.  On  his  ar- 
rival in  that  city  he  found  an  opening  in 
the  establishment  of  James  Macfarlane, 
then  a  leading  grocer,  and  this  gentleman 
he  served  in  the  capacity  of  clerk  for  seven 
years.  In  1868,  Mr.  Robertson  having 
saved  some  money,  he  began  business  on 
his  own  account,  and  continued  to  prosper 
until  1877,  when  the  great  fire  occurred  in 
St.  John,  and  swept  away  a  considerable 
portion  of  his  property.  He  then  retired 
from  active  business  for  about  a  year,  in  the 
meantime  putting  his  affairs  in  order.  In 
1878  he  made  a  fresh  start,  and  since  that 
period  the  world  has  gone  well  with  him. 
He  is  now  at  the  head  of  the  firm  of  George 


Robertson  &  Co., — having  taken  S.  A.  Cor- 
bitt,  a  few  years  ago,  into  partnership, — 
carrying  on  a  large  wholesale  and  retail 
business  in  groceries,  and  as  importers  of 
West  India  and  Mediterranean  produce. 
Their  office  is  at  50  King  street,  and  their 
warehouse  at  17  Water  street.  Like  all 
men  in  business,  Mr.  Robertson  has  had  the 
usual  amount  of  losses  and  worries,  but  has 
now  the  satisfaction  of  feeling  that  he  has 
nevertheless  succeeded,  and  also  gained  the 
esteem  and  respect  of  his  fellow-citizens, 
and  others,  who  have  done  business  with 
him  for  many  years  past.  Mr.  Robertson 
was  a  captain  in  the  St.  John  city  light 
infantry  militia.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  St.  Andrew's  Society  of  St.  John;  the 
Board  of  Trade,  and  a  director  of  the  Mari- 
time Warehousing  and  Dock  Company.  He 
has  taken  part  in  various  political  discus- 
sions, and  has  strongly  advocated  trade  re- 
ciprocity with  the  United  States;  St.  John 
as  a  winter  port  for  the  Dominion;  the 
short  line  railway  with  Montreal;  St.  John 
Harbor  Commission,  etc.  In  religion  he  is 
in  accord  with  the  Presbyterian  form  of 
worship,  and  is  an  elder  in  St.  Andrew's 
Church.  In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal-Con- 
servative. He  was  married  to  Agnes  Tur- 
ner, a  lady  of  Scotch  descent,  on  the  18th 
June,  1873,  and  has  a  family  of  six  children. 
Hopper,  Rev.  John  Eltaha,  M.A., 
D.D.,  Pastor  of  the  Brussels  Street  Baptist 
Church,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  is  a  na- 
tive Canadian,  having  been  born  in  Salis- 
bury, Westmoreland  county,  N.B.,  on  18th 
December,  1841.  He  is  son  of  Robert 
Hopper,  whose  father  came  from  Hamilton, 
Yorkshire,  England,  among  the  earliest 
settlers  in  New  Brunswick.  He  married 
Sarah  Peck,  a  descendant  of  Joseph  Peck, 
of  Hingham,  Norfolk  county,  England,  who, 
with  his  brother,  Rev.  Robert  Peck,  in  1636, 
fled  from  persecution  with  other  Puritans  to 
New  England,  and  settled  in  Hingham, 
Massachusetts,  where,  in  addition  to  being 
a  representative  of  the  general  court,  he  held 
other  important  offices.  John  Elisha  Hop- 
per completed  his  academic  studies  in  the 
Baptist  Seminary,  Fredericton,  N.B.,  and 
matriculated  in  Acadia  College,  Wolfville, 
N.S.,  taking  its  course  of  study,  save  that 
of  the  junior  year,  which  he  spent  at  Madi- 
son University,  New  York,  and  graduating 
A.B.  in  June,  1862.  His  theological  studies 
were  pursued  in  part  under  the  direction  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Cramp,  of  Acadia  College,  and 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


337 


in  part  at  Regent's  Park  College,  London, 
England,  with  Rev.  Dr.  Angus  and  Rev. 
Dr.  Ben.  Davis,   the   celebrated   Hebraist. 
Here  we  may    say   Dr.    Hopper  comes  of 
Baptist  parentage,  and  was  baptized  by  the 
Rev.  W.  A.  Coleman,    at    Harvey,  Albert 
county,    N.B.,    in    December,    1858,    and 
preached  his  first  sermon,  29th  April,  1860, 
in  Greenfield,    N.S.     In   1865,  after  com- 
pleting  his  theological    studies,  he   for  a 
short  time  preached  at  Shediac,  Petitcodiac, 
and  Sussex  Vale.     At  the  latter  place  the 
first  regular  services  in  connection  with  the 
Baptist  denomination  were  held  by  him,  and 
resulted  in  the  establishment  of  one  of  the 
strongest  churches  in  the   place.     In   the 
same  year  he  accepted  an  invitation  to  be- 
come  associate    principal    with    Rev.    Dr. 
Spurden,  of  the  Baptist  Seminary,  Freder- 
icton,  and  the  following  year  he  succeeded 
him  as  principal.     In  September,  1868,  Dr. 
Hopper  was  ordained  a  minister  at  Freder- 
icton.     In  1869  he  resigned  the  principal- 
ship  of  the   Baptist  Seminary,  and  on  the 
invitation  of  the  Baptists  of  St.  Stephen, 
began  there  the  work  of  organizing  a  Bap- 
tist church.      A   handsome  church  edifice 
and  parsonage   were   erected,    and  a  good 
•congregation  and  Sabbath-school  gathered ; 
and  then  in  1872  he  accepted  the  pastorate 
•of  the   First   Baptist  Church,  Burlington, 
Iowa,  and  remained  there  six  years,  receiv- 
ing into  the  fellowship  of  the  church  in  that 
time  over  two  hundred  persons.     In  April, 
1878,  Dr.  Hopper  having  purchased  a  half 
interest  in  the  Christian  Visitor  newspaper, 
published  in  St.   John,  N.B.,  returned  to 
Canada,  Rev.  Dr.  George   Armstrong  be- 
coming associated  with  him.     In  1879  he 
bought   the   other   half  of  the   paper,  and 
enlarged  the  printing,  publishing  and  book 
business,  editing  and  publishing  the  Chris- 
tian Visitor,    Canadian   Record,    Youth's 
Visitor,  Gem,  and    International    Sunday 
school  lessons.     This  business  he  carried  on 
imtil  1885,  when  he  sold  it  out,  and  assumed 
the  pastoral  charge  of  the  Brussels  Street 
Baptist  Church.     His  relationship  with  this 
church  began  in  1880,  and  is  stitt  continued. 
He,  however,  still   edits  and  publishes  the 
Canadian    Record     and     Sunday    school 
papers.     In  1870  Rev.  Mr.  Hopper  received 
the  degree  of  M.A.   from   Acadia  College  ; 
and   in   1882   that  of  D.D.,  from  Morgan 
Park  Theological   Seminary,  Chicago.     In 
August,  1867,  he  married  Emma,  daughter 
of  Deacon  John  Smith,  of  St.  John. 
U 


Irvine,  Matthew  Bell,  C.B.,C.M.G., 

Commissary-General,  Quebec,  was  born  on 
;he  7th  January,  1832,  in  Quebec  city.    He 
is  descended  from  an  ancestry  that  have  left 
:heir  mark  on  Canada.     Adam  Irvine,  son 
of   Adam  and  grandson   of    Peter    Irvine 
(spelt  Irving  in  the  Orcadian  records  of 
1730),  of  Garson,  in  the  Orkney  islands, 
North  of  Scotland,  came  to  Canada  soon 
after  the   conquest,  and  was   accidentally 
killed  at  Quebec,  on  the  7th  May,   1776. 
His  son,  James  Irvine,  born  in  England  in 
1766,  was  a  member  of  the  mercantile  firm 
of  Irvine,  McNaught  &  Co.,  of  Quebec,  and 
for  a  number  of   years  was  a  member  of 
both  the  Executive  and  Legislative  coun- 
cils of  Lower  Canada.    In  1822  this  gentle- 
man was   commissioned   president   of   the 
Court  of  Appeal  of  the  Executive  Council 
in  the  absence  of  the  chief  justices  of  Mont- 
real and  Quebec;  and  in  1824  was  nomin- 
ated   by    letters-patent    under  the   Great 
Seal,  arbitrator  for  Lower  Canada  to  adjust 
the  duties  between  Upper  and  Lower  Can- 
ada.    He  served  in  the  militia  of  the  pro- 
vince from  1803  until  1822,  when  he  retired 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.     James 
Irvine  married  on  the  13th  July,  1801,  Anne, 
eldest  daughter  of  John  George  Pyke,  of 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,   and  had  issue  two 
sons,  John  George  and  James.     The  latter 
died  young  ;  and  the  Hon.  James  Irvine 
died  at  Quebec  on  the  27th  September,  1829. 
John  George  Irvine,  the  father  of  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch,  was  born  at  Quebec  on 
the  31st  December,  1802,   and  passed  his 
early  life  in  the  firm  of  Irvine,  McNaught 
&  Co.     In  1837,  on  the  outbreak  of  the  re- 
bellion, he  was  appointed  a  captain  in  the 
Royal  Quebec  Volunteers.     In  1838  he  was 
gazetted  a  lieutenant-colonel  and  deputy- 
quartermaster-general  of  militia  ;    and  on 
the   5th  November  of  the  same  year  was 
commissioned  major  of  the  Queen's  Volun- 
teers, a  regiment  raised  for  active  service. 
He  was  appointed  extra  Provincial  A.D.C. 
to  the  govern  or- general  of  Canada  on  the 
14th  November,   1851  ;   Provincial  A.D.C. 
on  the  1st  November,  1852  ;  and  principal 
A.D.C.  on  the  2nd  October,  1868.     On  the 
occasion  of  the  visit  of  the  Prince  of  Wales 
in  1860,  Colonel  Irvine  was  nominated  act- 
ing adjutant-general  to  attend  on  his  Royal 
Highness  during  his  official  tour  in  Canada. 
He   married,   on   th>>  4th  February,  1826, 
Anne,  third  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Matthew 
Bell,  of  Three  Rivers,  and  had  issue  four 


338 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


sons  and  four  daughters.  He  died  at  Que- 
bec on  the  1st  November,  1871,  in  the  sixty- 
ninth  year  of  his  age.  Of  this  family  three 
sons  and  two  daughters  still  survive ;  name- 
ly, Hon.  George  Irvine,  judge  of  the  Vice- 
Admiralty  Court,  Quebec;  Acheson  Gosford 
Irvine,  lieutenant-colonel  and  late  chief 
Commissioner  of  the  North-West  Mounted 
Police;  Matthew  Bell  Irvine,  commissary- 
general,  Quebec  ;  Eliza  Inglis  Irvine,  and 
Frances  Isabella  Irvine.  Commissary-Gen- 
eral Irvine  was  educated  at  the  High  School 
of  Quebec.  On  the  30th  March,  1848,  when 
a  mere  lad,  he  joined  her  Majesty's  Com- 
missariat department  of  the  army,  and  in 
this  branch  of  the  service  he  remained  until 
the  1st  of  April,  1881,  when  he  retired  with 
the  honorary  rank  of  commissary-general. 
During  this  period  he  served  in  Europe, 
Asia,  Africa,  North  and  South  America,  and 
Australia.  He  was  present  in  Turkey  and 
the  Crimea  during  the  latter  part  of  the 
Eastern  campaign,  in  1855-56.  He  was 
created  a  companion  of  the  Most  Distin- 
guished Order  of  St.  Michael  and  St.  George, 
for  services  as  senior  control  officer  on  the 
Bed  River  expedition  of  1870,  under  Colonel 
(now  Lord)  Wolseley ;  and  was  also  created 
a  companion  of  the  Most  Honorable  Order 
of  the  Bath  in  1874,  for  services  as  senior 
control  officer  during  the  Ashantee  cam- 
paign under  Major-General  Sir  Garnet  Jo- 
seph (now  Lord)  Wolseley,  K.C.M.G.,  C.B. 
In  religion  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Church 
of  England.  He  was  married  at  Bayswater, 
London,  England,  on  the  2nd  June,  1875, 
to  Charlotte  Feodore  Louisa  Augusta,  only 
child  of  the  Rev.  N.  Guerout,  of  Berthier, 
en  haut,  Quebec,  and  widow  of  George  A. 
L.  Wood,  of  Quebec. 

Wilson,  Daniel,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  Pre- 
sident of  the  University  of  Toronto,  was 
born  in  the  city  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  in 
1816.  His  father,  Archibald  Wilson  had  a 
large  family.  One  of  his  sons,  Dr.  George 
Wilson,  well  known  as  an  eminent  chemist, 
was  for  some  time  professor  of  technology 
in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and  died 
in  1859.  Dr.  Daniel  Wilson,  the  subject 
of  our  sketch,  after  passing  through  the 
High  School,  entered  the  University  of  his 
native  city;  and  when  he  had  reached  his 
twenty-first  year,  went  to  London,  Eng- 
land, to  push  his  fortune.  After  a  residence 
there  of  several  years,  during  which  he  relied 
for  support  chiefly  on  the  reward  of  his 
literary  labors,  he  again  turned  north,  and 


continued  to  wield  his  pen  in  Edinburgh,, 
where  he  soon  became  distinguished  for  his 
ardent  love  for  archaeological  studies.  In  his; 
twenty-seventh  year  he  came  to  Canada, 
at  the  instance  of  the  historian  Hallamr 
who,  with  Lord  Elgin,  the  then  governor- 
general  of  Canada,  warmly  recommended 
the  appointment  of  the  young  litterateur 
and  zealous  secretary  of  the  Scottish  So- 
ciety of  Antiquaries  to  the  chair  of  history 
and  English  literature  in  University  Col- 
lege, Toronto.  The  removal  to  Canada  was- 
a  grave  step  in  itself.  But  it  was  more  than 
this  when  it  broke  in,  as  it  did,  upon  serious 
studies  pursued  with  great  ardor,  severed 
the  dearest  ties,  social  and  professional,  and 
withdrew  from  a  promising  field  of  labor- 
one  who  was  not  only  fast  making  his  way 
to  the  front,  but  whose  genuine  abilities  and 
true  scientific  devotion,  had  he  remained  in- 
it,  would  doubtless  have  gained  him  rich 
pecuniary  rewards,  with  many  accompany- 
ing honors.  However,  to  Canada  he  came,, 
and  one  of  the  interesting  as  well  as  valu- 
able souvenirs  of  his  parting  with  his  Scot- 
tish friends  and  scientific  associates  is  a 
costly  service  of  silver  in  the  learned  doc- 
tor's possession,  the  inscription  on  which 
bears  the  testimony  of  his  associates  in  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland,  "  To  Dr. 
Wilson's  intelligent  and  faithful  labors  as 
secretary,  and  to  their  admiration  of  his 
great  learning  and  genius  so  successfully 
devoted  to  the  investigation  of  the  archae- 
ology of  Scotland."  Devoted  student  as- 
he  was  of  archaeology,  and  much  as  he  had 
done  in  Scotland  to  enrich  the  subject  by 
laborious  local  research,  Dr.  Wilson,  in 
coming  to  Canada,  found  a  wide  field  for 
its  pursuit  on  the  American  continent;  and 
much  has  he  assiduously  gathered  in  the 
interval  to  add  to  the  stores  of  information 
and  reasonable  conjecture  in  this  interesting 
branch  of  science.  The  fruit  of  this  is 
abundantly  found  in  important  treatises  on 
the  subject  which  have  come  from  his  pen, 
as  well  as  in  the  many  occasional  papers 
contributed  to  the  scientific  journals  and 
transaction^  of  learned  societies  in  both 
hemispheres.  The  number  and  bulk  of  the 
latter  would  fill  many  portly  volumes,  and 
are  in  themselves  a  monument  of  intellec- 
tual labor.  In  the  brief  space  at  our  dis- 
posal we  can  give  but  a  bald  enumeration 
of  the  more  important  works  which  have 
come  from  Dr.  Wilson's  pen.  The  first  of 
these  was  "  Memorials  of  Edinburgh  in  the^ 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


339^ 


Olden  Time,"  a  work  in  two  volumes,  pub- 
lished in  1847,  with  illustrations  from  the 
author's  facile  pencil.  This  interesting 
work,  with  his  "  Reminiscences  of  Old 
Edinburgh,"  published  in  1878,  reveal  Dr. 
Wilson's  tastes  as  an  antiquary  and  his 
varied  accomplishments  in  undertaking  the 
work  of  tracing  the  history,  antiquities  and 
local  traditions  of  the  Scottish  metropolis. 
A  contemporary  critic  affirms  of  the  first  of 
these  books,  that  "  these  volumes  will  do 
the  author  honor  in  his  native  city  so  long 
as  the  ancient  capital  of  Scotland  stands." 
In  1851  appeared  a  kindred  but  more  am- 
bitious work  in  the  wider  field  of  Scottish 
antiquities,  entitled  "  The  Archaeology  and 
Prehistoric  Annals  of  Scotland."  This 
scholarly  and  elaborate  production  drew 
from  the  historian  Hall  am  the  criticism  that 
it  was  the  most  scientific  treatment  of  the 
archaeological  evidences  of  primitive  history 
which  had  ever  been  written.  The  reviewers 
were  also  equally  laudatory,  a  high  authori- 
ty saying  that  the  work  was  "  full  of  original 
views,  bearing  everywhere  the  stamp  of  inde- 
pendent investigation  and  of  an  independent 
judgment,"  and  calculated  "to  form  an  epoch 
in  the  study  of  the  earlier  antiquities  of 
Scotland  and  of  Britain  at  large."  "Another 
competent  authority  speaks  of  this  work  as 
"  one  of  extraordinary  merit,  particularly  in 
the  lucidity  of  its  scientific  combinations 
and  inductions,  the  charm  of  its  style,  and 
the  perfect  fidelity  of  its  many  pictorial 
illustrations."  A  second  edition  being  called 
for,  the  author  in  1863  republished  the 
work,  with  large  additions  and  a  careful  re- 
vision, under  the  shorter  title  of  "  Prehis- 
toric Annals  of  Scotland."  The  term  "  Pre- 
historic" in  its  earlier  use,  in  1851,  it  may 
be  worth  noting,  was,  we  believe,  a  coinage 
of  the  author's;  he,  at  least,  was  the  first  to 
bring  the  word  into  vogue.  In  1863  also 
appeared  what  may  be  considered  the  au- 
thor's magnum  opus,  a  work  embodying 
the  results  of  researches  in  archaeology  and 
ethnology  in  both  hemispheres,  and  oE 
which  two  subsequent  editions,  considerably 
re- written,  have  appeared.  Of  this  produc- 
tion, which  bears  the  title  of  "  Prehistoric 
Man:  Researches  into  the  Origin  of  Civili- 
sation in  the  Old  and  the  New  Worlds,"  the 
Edinburgh  Witness  at  the  time  under  the 
editorship  of  the  geologist,  Hugh  Miller, 
remarks  that  "  the  topic  is  not  only  vast  in 
range,  complex  in  material,  and  difficult 
from  its  nature,  but  brings  the  man  who 


ventures  to  discuss  it  into  contact  with  mo- 
mentous and  perplexing  questions  touching 
the  origin  of  civilisation,  the  unity  of  the 
human  race,  and  the  time  during  which  man 
has  been  a  denizen  of  this  planet.  Dr.  Wil- 
son proves  himself  at  all  points  equal  to  his 
task."  This  emphatic  verdict  has  been  en- 
dorsed in  other  eminent  quarters,  and  high 
commendation  passed  upon  the  book,  not 
only  for  its  scientific  value,  but  for  the  at- 
tractiveness of  its  literary  style.  To  these 
works  have  to  be  added  three  volumes, 
which,  though  notable  in  themselves,  by 
no  means  represent  the  bulk  of  Dr.  Wilson's 
purely  literary  labors.  They  are  respec- 
tively entitled  "  Chatterton :  a  Biographical 
Study"  (1869);  "Caliban,  the  Missing 
Link"  (1873) ;  and  "Spring  Wild  Flowers," 
a  volume  of  graceful  verse.  In  the  Chatter- 
ton  biography,  the  author  has  lovingly 
gathered  all  that  is  worthy  of  record  in  the 
career  of  the  ill-fated  Bristol  dreamer;  and 
the  volume  is  the  best  tribute  known  to  us 
to  the  young  poet's  genius.  "  Caliban  "  is 
an  interesting  Shakespearian  study,  combin- 
ing great  imaginative  power  with  a  strong 
critical  faculty,  and  giving  the  reader  much 
curious  information,  with  not  a  little  fanci- 
ful disquisition,  on  the  Evolution  theory. 
The  little  volume  dedicated  to  the  Muses, 
of  which  two  editions  have  appeared,  em- 
phasises the  twin  sisterhood  of  Science  and 
Poetry,  and  enshrines  some  thoughtful  lines 
on  religious  and  moral  subjects,  with  seve- 
ral happy  examples  of  lighter  verse.  In 
addition  to  these  published  works,  a  whole 
library  of  contributions  from  the  author's 
pen  is  scattered  through  the  "  Proceedings  " 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland, 
the  London  Anthropological  Institute,  the 
Edinburgh  Philosophical  Institution,  the 
British  and  American  Associations  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science;  the  "  Journal"  of 
the  Canadian  Institute  (for  some  years 
edited  by  Dr.  Wilson);  and  the  "Transac- 
tions "  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Canada.  Of 
this  latter  society,  to  the  vice-presidency  of 
the  literature  section  of  which  Dr.  Wilson 
was  nominated  by  its  founder,  the  Marquis 
of  Lome:  the  doctor  has  been  the  chief 
working  supporter,  and  to  it  has  contributed 
many  valuable  papers,  both  in  literature  and 
science.  To  the  present  (ninth),  as  well  as 
to  the  earlier  (eighth),  edition  of  the  "  En- 
cyclopaedia Britannica,"  Dr.  Wilson  has  also 
been  an  extensive  contributor.  In  the  cur- 
rent edition,  the  articles  on  "  Canada," 


340 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


"  Confederation,"  and  "  Toronto  "  are  from 
his  pen,  as  are  the  biographical  articles  on 
"  Ferguson  "  and  "  Chatterton  " ;  while  the 
article  on  "  Edinburgh,"  it  is  understood, 
was  'written  by  him,  and,  oddly  enough, 
was  sent  to  Scotland  from  Toronto.  Besides 
this  mass  of  literary  work,  a  number  of 
contributions  from  the  same  source,  on 
literary  and  historical  subjects,  with  a  good 
many  reviews,  art  critiques,  and  academical 
addresses,  have  from  time  to  time  appeared 
in  the  pages  of  the  "  Canadian  Monthly," 
tb.e  "  Canada  Educational  Monthly,"  The 
Week,  and  other  native  journals.  These,  with 
other  important  philanthropic  and  Christian 
labors  in  Toronto,  covering  the  period  of  half 
a  lifetime,  bear  witness  to  Dr.  Wilson's  un- 
tiring industry,  and  the  force  and  range  of 
his  mental  powers,  as  well  as  mark  the 
nobleness  of  his  personal  character.  A 
sketch,  however  brief,  of  the  life  and  work 
of  Dr.  Wilson  would  be  singularly  incom- 
plete which  contained  no  reference  to  his 
labors  as  an  educationist,  and  to  his  onerous 
duties  in  University  College,  both  as  pro- 
fessor and  since  1881,  when  he  succeeded 
Dr.  McCaul,  as  its  executive  head.  In  some 
respects,  and  perhaps  with  truth,  it  may  be 
said  that  Dr.  Wilson  would  have  done 
more  justice  to  himself  if  he  had  made  a 
choice  in  his  life's  work  between  literature 
and  science  rather  than,  as  he  has  done, 
given  the  prose  side  of  his  mind  to  archaeo- 
logical studies,  and  reserved  its  poetical 
side  for  literature.  But  the  financial  cir- 
cumstances of  the  institution  with  which  he 
has  been  so  long  connected,  made  this 
from  the  first  impossible,  and  compelled 
him,  laboriously  and  ardently,  to  toil  on  in 
dual  and  somewhat  incongruous  fields  of 
work.  With  the  result,  however,  no  one  can 
reasonably  quarrel,  for  in  both  fields  it  must 
be  said  he  has  acquitted  himself  well  and 
won  merited  fame.  He  who  would  trace  Dr. 
Wilson's  life  in  the  sphere  of  his  academic 
labors  must  do  so  with  real  enthusiasm, 
with  loving  sympathy,  and  with  hearty  ad- 
miration for  the  scholar  and  the  man.  His 
lifelong  interest  in  Toronto  University,  the 
many  sacrifices  he  has  made  for  it,  his  de- 
votion to  the  subjects  he  has  so  ably  taught 
in  the  college,  and  his  inspiring  and  elevat- 
ing influence  upon  the  students  who  have 
successively  come  under  his  care,  are  mat- 
ters that  require  little  dwelling  upon  by  any 
local  pen.  Nor  is  there  need  to  say  a  word 
to  any  graduate,  of  the  college  at  any  rate, 


of  the  learned  doctor's  ever  ready  courtesy, 
of  his  kindness  of  heart,  of  his  simplicity  of 
character,  or  of  his  high  moral  worth.  Tes- 
timony to  these  and  other  lovable  qualities 
in  the  president  of  University  College  is, 
we  are  sure,  as  abundant  as  testimony  is 
emphatic  to  the  learning  and  genius  of  their 
gifted  possessor.  If  the  state,  strangely 
enough,  has  done  little  to  mark  Dr.  Wilson's 
services,  both  to  science  and  education, 
throughout  a  long  and  unwearying  life,  he 
has  at  least  this  consolation,  that,  among 
those  who  have  had  the  honor  of  personally 
knowing  him,  appreciation  of  their  number 
and  worth  lies  deep  in  every  breast.  The 
passing  years  have  dealt  kindly  with  the  sub- 
ject of  this  brief  sketch;  the  figure,  always 
spare,  is  still  erect,  and  the  step  has  lost 
little  in  the  march  of  time  of  its  early  elasti- 
city. The  eyes  look  at  you* with  the  old- 
time  keen,  rapid  glance;  and  there  is  the 
same  kindly  note  in  the  voice,  which  rises 
and  falls  with  that  familiar,  soft,  measured 
cadence,  which  belongs  distinctively  to 
those  who  hail  from  the  Scottish  metropo- 
lis. For  thirty -five  years  President  Wilson 
has  been  connected  with  the  University  and 
College  of  Toronto,  and  has  given  to  that 
institution  the  abundant  fruitage  of  a  rich, 
matured,  and  industrious  life.  During  that 
long  period,  though  he  has  daily  gone  in 
and  out  among  almost  all  classes  of  the 
people  of  Toronto,  and  in  many  ways  has 
contributed  to  the  intellectual  life  and  to 
the  enriching  of  the  scientific  thought  of 
Canada,  and,  indeed,  of  the  continent,  there 
are  not  many,  we  fear,  outside  of  academic 
circles  who  recognise  the  genius,  the  learn- 
ing, and  the  pre-eminent  abilities  of  Dr. 
Wilson,  or  who  appreciate  him  as  a  man  at 
his  true  worth.  In  a  general  way  the  few 
in  Toronto  may  know  him  as  a  learned 
scientist,  and  perhaps  as  an  accomplished 
litterateur]  but  to  the  mass  of  his  fellow- 
citizens  he  is  little  more  than  a  prominent 
educationist,  and  the  head  of  the  national 
university.  If  this  statement  seems  unfair, 
let  us  ask,  how  many  know  of  his  great  re- 
putation and  high  recognised  status  in  the 
first  scientific  circles  of  the  Old  World,  or 
who  think  of  him  in  the  light  of  his  deserts 
— as  one  of  the  foremost  men  of  the  age  in 
his  own  special  departments  of  archaeologi- 
cal and  ethnological  science?  Canada  as 
yet  has  not  been  fertile  in  great  men ;  but 
here  doubtless  is  one,  if  we  are  to  take  the 
measure  of  his  worth  not  only  from  his 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


341 


books,  though  these  undoubtedly  are  an 
author's  best  and  truest  memorial,  but  from 
the  estimation  in  which  he  is  held  in  high 
scientific  circles  abroad,  and  the  unsought 
honors  conferred  upon  him  by  many  of  the 
learned  societies  of  Europe.  Only  eminent 
services  to  science  could  have  secured  him 
the  recognition  of  crowned  heads  and  the 
issue  of  royal  diplomas  setting  forth  these 
services,  with  enrolment  among  the  distin- 
guished honorary  members  of  the  great 
scientific  societies  and  learned  institutions 
of  the  mother  land,  and  of  France,  Italy, 
and  Denmark.  Dr.  Wilson  has  now  reached 
the  evening  of  his  days,  and  as  the  length- 
ening shadows  fall  athwart  him  and  his 
labors,  the  writer  of  this,  with  many  who 
love  him,  may  well  wish  that  a  life  so  singu- 
larly pure  and  worthy  may  be  prolonged 
and  continued  for  many  years  yet  at  the 
service  of  his  adopted  country.  But  when 
the  line  of  the  allotted  span  has  been  cros- 
sed, wishes  we  know  must  be  vain ;  and  the 
granite  shaft  in  yonder  cemetery,  with  its 
touchingly  beautiful  tribute  "  to  the  wife 
of  his  youth,"  who  "  was  the  bright  sun- 
shine of  a  long  and  happy  life,"  is  a  moni- 
tion which  neither  he  nor  any  wise  friend 
can  disregard,  however  distant  all  may  wish 
the  day  when  the  Master's  summons  shall 
come  to  one  who  has  been  eminently  faith- 
ful, and  the  sombre  curtain  shall  drop  for 
ever  upon  his  work. 

llillcr,  John    Stewart,  Centreville, 
Ontario,  Treasurer  of  the  Township  of  Cam- 
den,  M.P.P.   for  Addington,  was  born  on 
he  17th  September,  1844,  in  the  township 
of  Camden,  county  of  Addington.     He  is 
;he  only  son  of  Thomas  Miller  and  Chris- 
ma  Madden.     The  family  came  originally 
rom  Ireland  and  settled  in   New  England. 
During  the  revolutionary  war  they  left  that 
ountry  and  moved  to  Three  Rivers,  and 
ubsequently,  in  1790,  took  up  their  abode 
n  the  Bay  of  Quinte.     He  received  his  pri- 
nary  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
)lace,  and   then   entered   the   Commercial 
College  at  Belleville,  where  he  graduated  in 
.871.     He   then   began    farming    on    the 
lomestead,  lot  No.  30,  seventh  concession 
of  Camden,  and  here  he  continued  his  agri- 
cultural pursuits  until  1886.     In  1883  Mr. 
Miller  began  with  a  partner  business  as  a 
general  merchant  in  the  village  of  Centre- 
ville, and  is  still  engaged  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits.    He  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  mil- 
tary  affairs,  and  in  1879  held  the  rank  of 


lieutenant  in  the  48th  battalion,  and  on 
the  disbandment  of  this  corps  became  at- 
tached to  the  47th  battalion.  In  1875  he 
was  appointed  clerk  of  Camden  township, 
and  on  resigning  this  office  in  1886,  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  treasurer  of  the 
same  township,  and  this  office  he  still  holds. 
He  joined  the  Orange  Association  in  1864, 
and  served  as  county  master  in  1878-9.  He 
became  a  member  of  Prince  of  Wales  lodge, 
No.  146,  of  the  Free  and  Accepted  Masons 
in  1869  ;  assisted  in  organizing  Victoria 
lodge,  No.  229,  and  was  its  master  in  1870- 
71  ;  and  in  1883  he  helped  to  organize 
Lome  lodge,  No.  404,  and  was  elected  its 
first  master,  holding  the  office  for  three 
years.  Mr.  Miller  has  always  taken  an  ac- 
tive interest  in  politics,  and  in  1880  was  elect- 
ed secretary-treasurer  of  the  Liberal- Con- 
servative Association  of  Addington.  He 
presented  himself  in  1886  for  parliamentary 
honors,  and  in  December  of  the  same  year 
was  elected  to  represent  his  native  county 
in  the  Ontario  legislature  by  a  handsome 
majority  over  his  opponent.  In  politics,  as 
will  be  seen  above,  Mr.  Miller  is  a  Liberal- 
Conservative.  His  mother  joined  the  Meth- 
odist church  in  1828 — who,  by  the  way,  is 
still  ah"  ve,  and  a  member  of  the  same  church 
—  and  the  son  is  connected  with  the  same 
religious  body.  He  has  been  twice  married; 
first,  in  1871,  to  Carrie,  second  daughter  of 
James  Hawley.  She  died  on  the  24th  Feb- 
ruary, L->74.  He  married,  the  second  time, 
in  1877,  Anne,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
Hubert  Robertson,  of  Kingston. 

Choquette,  Philippe  Ausu§te, 
LL.B.,  Advocate,  Montmagny,  Quebec  pro- 
vince, M.P.  for  the  county  of  Montmagny, 
was  born  on  the  6th  January,  1854,  at  Bel- 
ceil,  county  of  Vercheres.  His  ancestors 
came  from  Amiens,  Picardie,  France,  in 
1643,  and  settled  in  Varennes,  in  the  county 
where  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  born. 
His  parents  were  Joseph  Choquette,  farmer, 
and  Marie  Thais  Audet.  He  received  his 
education  at  St.  Hyacinthe  College,  and  at 
Laval  University,  Quebec,  and  graduated 
B.C.L.  from  the  latter  institution  in  1880, 
having  previously  taken  the  silver  medal 
given  by  the  governor- general,  Lord  Lome. 
While  he  was  prosecuting  his  studies  at 
Laval,  he  acted  as  private  secretary  to  the 
Hon.  Honor  e  Mercier,  then  solicitor- general 
in  the  Joly  administration,  and  now  premier 
of  Quebec  province.  He  held,  for  about 
three  years  and  a  half,  the  position  of  book- 


342 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


keeper  in  a  wholesale  boot  and  shoe  estab- 
lishment in  St.  Hyacinthe  before  he  began 
to  study  law.  He  then  returned  to  Quebec 
in  1877,  and  entered  the  office  of  the  Hon. 
Francois  Langelier,  M.P.,  and  mayor  of 
Quebec,  to  study  law.  After  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Lower  Canada  in  1880, 
he  removed  to  Montmagny,  where  he  suc- 
cessfully practised  his  profession.  Since 
1877  he  has  been  a  contributor  to  L1  Union, 
of  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  L'Electeur,  of  Que- 
bec; and  was  publisher  of  La  Sentinelle, 
a  weekly  paper  at  Montmagny,  during  the 
years  1883  and  1884.  In  1878  he  began  to 
take  an  active  part  in  politics ;  and  in  1 882 
he  ran  for  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Commons 
at  Ottawa  against  A.  C.  P.  E-.  Landry,  the 
Conservative  candidate,  but  was  defeated 
by  a  majority  of  J  20  votes.  At  the  general 
election  held  in  1887  he  again  presented 
himself  in  opposition  to  Mr.  Landry,  and 
this  time  carried  his  election  by  a  majority 
of  193  votes.  JNJr.  Choquette  has  travelled 
through  the  principal  parts  of  the  United 
States.  He  has  been  secretary  of  the  Re- 
.form  Club  of  the  county  of  Montmagny 
since  1881.  In  politics  he  is  a  strong  Lib- 
eral, a  free  trader,  in  favor  of  commercial 
union,  and  would  not  object  to  annexation 
to  the  United  States.  He  is  an  adherent 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  church,  but  objects 
to  the  clergy  interfering  and  mixing  in  poli- 
tical contests.  On  the  29th  August,  1883, 
he  was  married  to  Marie,  daughter  of  A. 
Bender,  prothonotary  of  the  Superior  Court, 
and  granddaughter  of  the  late  Sir  E.  P. 
Tach^  baronet,  A.  D.  C.  to  her  Majesty 
the  Queen,  and  one  of  the  promoters  of 
confederation . 

Wclliot,  Right  Rev.  Michel  Ed- 
ouard,  A.M  ,  D.D.,  Quebec,  Domestic  Pre- 
late of  his  Holiness,  also  Professor  of  Liter- 
ature at  Laval  University,  and  of  Moral 
Theology  at  the  Grand  Seminary  of  Que- 
bec, member  of  the  Archiepiscopal  Curia  of 
Quebec,  was  born  on  the  28th  July,  1826, 
in  the  parish  of  Ste.  Croix,  county  of  Lotbi- 
niere,  province  of  Quebec.  H  is  parents  were 
Joseph  Methot,  farmer,  and  Marie  Xavier 
Desrochers.  In  1839  he  entered  the  Little 
Seminary  of  Quebec,  where  he  followed  the 
literary  and  scientific  course  of  that  insti- 
tution. In  1847,  having  completed  a  classi- 
cal course  of  instruction,  he  entered  the 
Grand  Seminary  of  Quebec,  and  went 
through  a  course  of  theology,  being  admit- 
ted to  the  holy  orders  in  1849.  It  may 


truly  be  said  that  Monsignor  Methot  has 
devoted  his  entire  life  to  the  education  of 
the  youth  of  his  country,  teaching  at  first 
in  the  Little  Seminary  of  Quebec,  and  then 
successively  at  the  Grand  Seminary  and  at 
Laval  University,  where  he  gave  a  public 
course  of  literature.  He  was  also  prefect 
of  studies  for  ten  years  at  the  Little  Sem- 
inary, twice  director  of  the  Grand  Semin- 
ary, librarian  of  Laval  University,  and 
lastly,  superior  of  the  Seminary  and  rector 
of  the  University  for  seven  years.  He  was 
the  first  vice-rector  of  the  branch  of  Laval 
University  in  Montreal,  which  positions  he 
resigned  at  the  end  of  the  academic  year 
1886-7  owing  to  ill-health.  He  visited 
Europe  twice,  the  first  time  in  1860,  when 
he  went  to  England,  France,  and  Italy. 
Our  readers  need  not  be  surprised  if  we 
tell  them  that  Monsignor  Methot  visited 
the  principal  institutions  of  learning,  col- 
leges, museums,  the  most  celebrated  lib- 
raries, and  monuments  of  arts  of  those 
countries,  his  taste  and  eagerness  for  learn- 
ing leading  him  to  choose  those  attractions 
in  preference  to  all  others.  In  1866,  having 
obtained  leave  of  absence  to  recuperate  from 
the  exhausting  labor  of  teaching,  he  crossed 
the  Atlantic  a  second  time  and  passed  a  whole 
year  in  Belgium.  Rest,  however,  consisted 
in  further  studies.  On  his  arrival  in  Bel- 
gium he  went  to  the  Catholic  University  of 
Louvain  and  applied  himself  to  the  study 
of  theology,  scriptures,  and  ecclesiastical 
history  in  that  celebrated  institution  of 
learning.  He  has  contributed  to  the  news- 
paper and  periodical  press  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Quebec  several  articles,  biographi- 
cal sketches  and  literary  essays,  which  will 
help  the  historian  of  the  future  to  write 
accurately  the  history  of  our  Dominion. 
Mgr.  Methot  was  elevated  to  the  dignity  of 
domestic  prelate  by  his  Holiness  Pope  Leo 
XIIT.  in  1887. 

Cloraii,  Henry  Jo§eph,  B.C.L.,  Bar- 
rister, Montreal,  was  born  in  that  city  on 
the  8th  May,  1855,  His  father  and  mother 
are  both  Irish.  The  former,  Joseph  Cloran, 
is  a  native  of  county  Galway,  and  the  latter, 
Ann  Kennedy,  is  from  county  Limerick. 
Having  received  his  primary  education  in 
the  Christian  Brothers'  School  at  home,  and 
passed  a  year  in  the  public  schools  of  New 
York,  he  entered  the  Montreal  College  in 
1868,  where  he  made  a  complete  and  suc- 
cessful course  of  classical  studies.  On 
graduating  from  college  in  1875,  he  left  for 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


343 


Europe,  where  during  three  years  he  pro- 
secuted a  course  of  scientific,  philosophical 
and  theological  studies  in  the  celebrated 
college  of  St.  Sulpice,  in  Paris  During 
his  sojourn  in  Europe  he  visited  Italy, 
•Switzerland,  France,  England  and  Ireland, 
-and  returned  to  Canada  strongly  equipped 
for  the  combats  of  the  future  with  an  ex- 
tensive stock  of  knowledge,  aud  a  precious 
ensemble  of  information  on  the  Irish  ques- 
tion and  general  European  politics.  On 
his  return  home,  Mr.  Cloran  rilled  for  a  year 
a  professorship  of  English  literature  in  his 
(lima  mater,  the  Montreal  College.  He 
then  took  a  course  of  law  in  the  Universities 
-of  Laval  and  McGill,  and  graduated  from 
the  latter  with  the  degree  of  B.C.L.  He 
studied  in  the  offices  of  the  eminent  legal 
firm  of  the  late  Edward  Carter,  Q.C. ;  Hon. 
R.  Church,  now  judge  of  the  Court  of 
Queen's  Bench;  and  of  Hon.  J.  A.  Chap- 
leau,  ex-premier  o!  Quebec,  and  now  Sec- 
retary of  State.  At  the  close  of  his  law 
studies,  the  editorship  of  the  Montreal  Post 
and  of  the  True  Wi  tness  became  vacant  in 
1882  by  the  resignation  of  J.  C.  Fleming. 
This  responsible  and  important  position 
was  offered  to  Mr.  Cloran,  who  accepted, 
and  then  commenced  a  journalistic  career 
which  has  been  crowned  with  marked  suc- 
cess. We  have  no  need  to  dwell  upon  the 
•cleverness,  judgment  and  ability  displayed 
by  Mr.  Cloran  in  the  functions  of  editor, 
nor  upon  the  success  he  achieved.  The 
Post  is  the  only  Irish  daily  paper  in  Ame- 
rica, and  he  made  it  the  organ  of  Irish 
Canadian  opinion,  esteemed  by  friends  and 
feared  by  foes.  The  articles  from  Mr. 
Cloran' s  pen  have  been  widely  reproduced 
and  commented  on  by  the  leading  papers 
in  Canada  and  the  United  States,  and  even 
in  the  European  press.  In  1886  when  the 
board  of  directors  wished  to  give  the  sup- 
port of  the  Post  to  certain  Tory  candi- 
dates in  the  general  provincial  elections  of 
that  year,  the  young  editor  declined  to 
obey  their  mandate,  and  rather  than  write  a 
single  line  inconsistent  with  his  convictions, 
he  threw  up  the  editorship  of  the  paper. 
Mr.  Cloran  is  a  man  of  principle,  and  has 
on  all  occasions  the  courage  of  his  convic- 
tions. There  is  no  hypocrisy  in  his  nature; 
he  is  at  all  times  manly  and  straightforward. 
Animated  by  no  prejudice,  he  bends  and 
yields  to  none.  His  public  opinions  are 
also  his  private  ones — a  trait  which  is  not 
always  to  be  discovered  in  the  character  of 


public  men.  He  is  an  ardent  lover  of  f air- 
play, and  finds  his  pleasure  in  championing 
the  cause  of  the  weak  and  the  wronged. 
An  Irish  Canadian,  and  an  uncompromising 
Home  Ruler,  like  all  patriotic  Irishmen,  he 
ranks  among  the  number  of  those  broad 
and  liberal  minds  who  do  not  shut  them- 
selves up  in  the  narrow  circle  of  an  exclusive 
programme.  The  cause  of  the  half  breeds 
of  the  North- West — which  is,  after  all,  the 
same  in  many  respects  as  that  of  the  Irish 
people — naturally  found  in  Mr.  Cloran  a 
willing  and  earnest  advocate.  His  atti- 
tude on  the  North- West  and  Kiel  questions 
was  inspired  by  the  purest  and  most  pat- 
riotic of  motives.  Living  in  the  midst  of 
French  Canadians,  whose  friend  he  is,  and 
a  patriot  from  a  Canadian  as  well  as  an 
Irish  standpoint,  Mr.  Cloran  rightly  believ- 
ed he  was  consistent  with  himself  in  joining 
with  them  in  the  province  of  Quebec  to  de- 
fend provincial  rights  and  autonomy.  He 
finds,  with  much  reason,  that  Home  Rule, 
if  it  is  good  for  Ireland,  is  equally  good  for 
Canada;  and  he  has  in  consequence  labored 
with  all  liberal  minds  for  the  cause  of  pro- 
vincial autonomy,  which  is,  in  Canada,  the 
condition  necessary  to  ensure  union  and 
harmony  among  the  different  races,  and 
consequently  the  condition  essential  to  the 
future  grandeur  and  prosperity  of  our  coun- 
try. Mr.  Cloran' s  public  and  political  career 
began  on  the  16th  November,  1885,  when 
he  was  unanimously  chosen  at  a  meeting  of 
citizens,  jointly  with  George  H.  Duhamel, 
now  the  solicitor- general  of  the  province, 
to  fill  the  position  of  secretary  to  the  national 
movement  that  was  inaugurated  to  secure 
the  defeat  and  overthrow  of  Sir  John  A. 
Macdonald's  government,  for  the  mal- ad- 
ministration of  the  North- West  Territories, 
and  the  execution  of  the  leader  of  the  half 
breeds.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
historic  mass  meeting  of  fifty  thousand 
people  assembled,  from  all  parts  of  the  pro- 
vince, on  the  Champ  de  Mars,  Montreal, 
where  he  distinguished  himself  at  one  bound 
as  an  orator  capable  of  speaking  in  both 
the  French  and  English  languages.  He 
went  through  the  famous  winter  campaign 
of  1886,  and  during  the  late  provincial 
elections  he  fought  a  brilliant  and  victorious 
battle  in  company  with  M3ssrs.  Laurier, 
Mercier,  Bellerose,  Duhamel  and  Bergeron, 
which  resulted  in  the  final  overthrow  of  the 
old  Conservative  government,  and  the  gene- 
ral break-up  of  the  Tory  and  "Bleu"  party 


344 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


which  had  controlled  the  destinies  of  Quebec 
almost  uninteruptedly  since  confederation. 
No  one  contributed  more  to  the  establishment 
of  the  National  administration  of  Hon.  Ho- 
nor^ Mercier  in  Quebec  than  Mr.  Cloran. 
There  was  not  a  National  candidate  who  made 
a  vain  appeal  to  him  for  assistance.  Always 
in  the  breach,  and  always  at  the  disposal 
of  his  friends,  Mr.  Cloran  covered  almost 
the  entire  province;  he  addressed  mass 
meetings  in  over  forty  counties,  and  every- 
where he  appeared  he  won  the  esteem  and 
the  confidence  of  the  people  who  heard 
him.  In  the  short  space  of  one  year  he  be- 
came one  of  the  most  popular  orators,  and 
one  of  the  political  lights  of  the  province. 
Mr.  Cloran  placed  himself  at  the  service  of 
the  Liberal  party  to  fight  out  the  election 
campaign  in  Ontario,  and  put  down  the 
"  No  Popery  "  brigade  in  favor  of  the  Mow- 
at  administration,  which  carried  the  stand- 
ard of  honest  government  and  of  civil  and 
religious  liberty.  He  took  an  active  part 
in  the  struggle  in  the  counties  of  Glengarry, 
Stormont  and  Prescott,  where  the  three 
Liberal  candidates  were  elected  by  large 
majorities.  In  showing  no  hesitation  to  go 
to  Ontario  to  assist  the  Liberal  government 
of  Mr.  Mowat,  Mr.  Cloran  and  his  Quebec 
friends  contributed  much  towards  giving 
its  true  signification  to  the  National  move- 
ment. They  clearly  proved  thereby  that  in 
the  minds  of  none  of  them  there  never  was 
harbored  the  slightest  thought  of  a  war  of 
races,  as  was  pretended  by  the  Tory  press 
and  speakers;  that  far  from  attempting  to 
divide  and  separate  the  different  races,  they 
were,  on  the  contrary,  ready  and  willing  to 
strengthen  more  firmly  than  ever  the  bonds 
that  unite  us  from  one  end  to  the  other  of 
the  Dominion,  irrespective  of  race  and  creed. 
In  the  general  elections  of  1887  for  the 
House  of  Commons  at  Ottawa,  Mr.  Cloran 
was  selected  by  the  Liberal  party  as  their 
standard  bearer  for  Montreal  Centre,  one  of 
the  largest  and  most  important  constitu- 
encies in  the  Dominion.  Although  defeated, 
he  almost  doubled  the  Liberal  vote  given 
in  the  election  of  1882,  and  succeeded  in 
reducing  the  previous  majority  of  his  oppo- 
nent, J.  J.  Curran,  Q.C.,  M.P.,  by  some 
five  hundred  votes.  Before  becoming  one 
of  our  most  noted  public  men,  Mr.  Cloran 
had  occasion,  at  different  times,  to  give 
proof  of  his  energy  and  ability  in  occupy- 
ing honorary  positions  in  a  number  of  liter- 
ary, athletic  and  national  and  other  organi- 


sations to  which  he  was  called  by  the  con- 
fidence and  esteem  of  his  fellow  citizens. 
It  was  thus  that  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  Catholic  Young  Men's  Society,  of 
Montreal,  in  1880  and  1881.  He  was  chosen 
secretary  of  the  Parnell  Reception  Commit- 
tee, which  was  the  grandest  accorded  the 
great  Irish  leader  in  his  memorable  visit 
to  America  seven  years  ago.  He  has  filled 
the  office  of  president  of  the  Press  Associa- 
tion of  the  province  of  Quebec.  An  amateur 
of  Canadian  sports,  he  is  the  president  of 
the  renowned  Shamrock  Lacrosse  Club.  A 
Home  Euler,  he  is  president  of  the  Mont- 
real branch  of  the  Irish  National  League. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Irish  National 
Convention  at  Chicago  in  1886,  where  he- 
distinguished  himself  by  two  eloquent 
speeches.  He  was  chairman  of  the  organi- 
sation that  gave  Michael  Davitt,  the  father 
of  the  League,  a  reception  which  has  never 
been  surpassed  for  brilliancy  and  enthusi- 
asm. He  is  first  vice-president  of  the  St. 
Patrick's  Society;  and  is  a  director  of  the 
Montreal  Diocesan  Colonization  Society,, 
under  the  presidency  of  his  Grace  Mgr. 
Fabre.  At  the  convention  of  the  Young 
Liberals  of  the  Dominion,  held  last  July, 
he  was  elected  as  the  Irish  representative 
from  Quebec  province  on  the  executive 
committee.  Mr.  Cloran  was  also  a  delegate 
to  the  Central  Trades  and  Labor  Council,, 
in  the  foundation  of  which  he  took  an  active 
part.  Since  his  debut  in  public  life  he  has 
not  ceased  to  interest  himself  in  the  welfare 
of  the  working  classes.  His  pen  and  voice 
were  always  at  their  service.  He  was  also- 
the  chief  organiser  of  the  immense  popular 
demonstrations  and  receptions  accorded  to 
William  O'Brien,  M.P.,  editor  of  United 
Ireland,  on  the  memorable  occasion  of  the 
latter's  visit  to  Montreal.  Having  aban- 
doned journalism,  he  prepared  himself  for 
the  bar,  and  on  the  7th  July,  1887,  after  a 
severe  and  brilliant  examination,  he  was 
admitted  with  honors  to  the  practice  of  the 
law.  Although  still  young  in  years  Mr. 
Cloran  has  acquired  much  valuable  experi- 
ence, and,  as  has  been  seen,  has  played  an 
honorable  and  influential  role  in  society, 
and  has  rendered  distinguished  service  to 
his  country.  Mr.  Cloran  married,  in  1882, 
Agnes,  the  third  daughter  of  Michael  Don- 
ovan, a  leading  Irish  citizen  and  business- 
man of  Montreal,  and  for  years  president  of 
the  St.  Patrick's  Society,  and  of  the  Irish 
National  League. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


345 


l']d  wards     William     Cameron, 

Manufacturer  of  Lumber,  Rockland,  On- 
tario, M.P.  for  the  county  of  Russell,  was 
born  in  the  township  of  Clarence,  Russell 
county,  in  1844.  His  father,  William  Ed- 
wards, was  a  native  of  Portsmouth,  Eng- 
land, and  came  to  Canada  about  1820,  and 
settled  in  Clarence  township.  Here,  for  a 
long  period,  he  took  a  leading  part  in  all 
movements  intended  for  the  advancement 
of  the  district  in  which  he  resided,  and  was 
for  over  twenty  years  reeve  of  the  township. 
The  mother  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
Ann  Cameron,  was  a  native  of  Fort  William, 
Scotland.  William  was  educated  in  the 
Ottawa  Grammar  School,  and  when  he  had 
reached  the  age  of  nineteen  was  employed 
by  Cameron  &  Edwards,  lumbermen,  of 
Thurso,  and  here  he  remained  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  In  1868  he  joined  in  a  part- 
nership with  James  Wood,  and  they,  having 
built  a  small  steam  sawmill  at  Rockland, 
on  the  Ottawa  river,  commenced  the  lumber 
business  under  the  firm  name  of  W.  C.  Ed- 
wards &  Co.  The  business  having  proved 
successful,  in  1871  Cameron  &  Edwards  gave 
up  their  establishment  at  Thurso,  and  threw 
in  their  lot  with  W.  C.  Edwards  &  Co.,  at 
Rockland.  A  large  mill  was  then  erected, 
and  their  business  steadily  increased.  In 
1875  a  fire  visited  the  locality,  and  unfor- 
tunately destroyed  the  whole  premises  of 
the  firm,  including  mills,  docks,  buildings, 
plant,  and  indeed  everything  pertaining  to 
the  establishment,  and  besides  a  large  stock 
of  sawn  lumber.  And  to  add  to  this  mis- 
fortune, the  amount  of  their  insurance  did 
not  cover  one-third  of  the  loss.  Nothing 
daunted,  the  firm  went  to  work,  the  same 
year,  to  rebuild,  and  in  the  spring  of  1876 
they  were  at  work  again.  Since  this  time 
their  business  has  largely  increased,  and 
the  firm  n$w  give  employment  to  a  great 
number  of  hands.  Previous  to  the  opening 
of  the  mills  at  Rockland  there  were  only 
two  or  three  houses  in  the  place;  but  to- day 
the  village  has  a  population  of  about  fif- 
teen hundred;  is  incorporated;  and  has  a 
post  office,  telegraph  office,  stores,  school 
house,  churches,  a  good  public  hall,  a  divi- 
sion court,  etc.  Mr.  Edwards  has  always 
been  the  sole  manager  of  the  firm's  busi- 
ness, and,  as  may  be  seen,  has  very  success- 
fully conducted  its  affairs.  In  1866  he 
succeeded  in  forming  the  Thurso  infantry 
company,  and  for  three  years,  up  to  his 
leaving  the  village,  was  captain  of  this 


company.  He  has  been  for  many  years  a 
jiistice  of  the  peace,  and  has  also  been 
reeve  of  the  village  of  Rockland.  During 
the  past  four  years  he  has  been  president  of 
the  County  of  Russell  Agricultural  Society, 
and  has  done  considerable  towards  promot- 
ing the  improvement  of  stock  and  the  gen- 
eral advancement  of  agriculture  in  the 
county.  He  is  a  Liberal  in  politics,  and  in 
1882  he  unsuccessfully  contested  Russell 
for  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Commons  against 
Moss  Kent  Dickinson.  Again  at  the  last 
general  election  he  entered  the  field,  and 
was  elected  by  a  majority  of  156  votes  over 
C.  H.  Mclntosh,  who  opposed  him.  Mr. 
Edwards  is  an  adherent  of  the  Baptist 
church.  In  1885  he  was  married  to  Cath- 
erine M.,  eldest  daughter  of  William  Wilson, 
of  Cumberland,  Ontario,  who  for  many 
years  has  been  the  leading  business  man  of 
his  township,  and  over  twenty  years  its 
reeve,  and  a  justice  of  the  peace. 

Jones,  Sir  David,  Brockville. — The 
late  Sir  David  Jones,  who  was  born  in  1794, 
died  on  the  23rd  August,  1838,  at  Brock- 
ville, Ontario,  where  he  and  his  family  long 
resided.  Few  men  were  more  respected, 
and  none  could  be  held  in  higher  estimation 
by  his  countrymen.  He  was  an  uncompro- 
mising supporter  of  British  interests.  On 
visiting  England  in  1835,  as  agent  of  the 
Brockville  Loan  and  Trust  Company,  he  re- 
ceived the  honor  of  knighthood  from  His 
Majesty  William  IV.,  at  Windsor  Castle, 
being  the  first  native  of  Ontario  who  had 
the  honor  of  receiving  so  distinguished  a 
mark  of  royal  favor.  Sir  David  died  after 
an  illness  of  only  five  days,  and  his  earl  y 
demise  cast  a  gloom  over  his  native  place. 

Kemble,  William,  Quebec.— This  tal- 
lented  journalist  was  a  native  of  Surrey, 
England,  and  a  member  of  a  distinguished 
mercantile  family  in  London,  one  of  whom, 
at  the  time  of  Mr.  Kemble's  death,  was  a 
member  of  the  Imperial  parliament,  for  the 
county  above  mentioned.  He  was  born  in 
1781,  and  died  at  Quebec,  on  the  25th  Feb- 
ruary, 1845.  While  editing  the  Quebec 
Mercury,  from  1823  to  1842,  he  greatly  dis- 
tinguished himself  as  a  writer,  and  the  spirit 
and  raciness  that  characterized  his  writings 
will  long  be  remembered  by  his  confreres 
of  the  press.  His  talents  were  of  a  high 
order.  He  was  also  a  generous  contributor 
to  many  periodicals,  including  the  then 
celebrated  "  Simmond's  Colonial  Maga- 
zine," of  London,  England. 


346 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


UlclHickeii,  Hon.  Gilbert,  Winni- 
peg, Manitoba,  Agent  of  the  Commercial 
Union  Assurance  Compiny  of  London,  Eng- 
land, is  a  native  of  England,  having  been 
born  in  London  in  1813,  but  was  from  ear- 
liest infancy  brought  up  in  Glenluce,  Wig- 
tonshire,  Scotland,  of  which  country,  his 
father  was  a  native.  He  left  Scotland  in 
1832,  and  landed  at  the  port  of  Quebec  on 
the  1st  July  of  the  same  year.  He  proceeded 
to  Montreal,  and  remained  there  about  three 
weeks,  and  then  went  to  Toronto  (then  Little 
York).  From  Toronto  he  removed,  in  Sep- 
tember, to  Chippewa,  and  engaged  in  the  for- 
warding business.  In  July,  1838,  he  was 
appointed  collector  of  customs,  at  Queens- 
ton,  and  subsequently  held  the  same  office 
at  Suspension  Bridge,  near  Niagara  Falls. 
In  1851  was  warden  of  the  united  counties 
•of  Lincoln  and  Welland  ;  and  was  the  tirst 
mayor  of  Clifton,  and  served  for  several 
subsequent  terms  in  the  same  office.  In 
1857  Mr.  McMicken  entered  the  political 
field,  and  was  elected  to  represent  the  county 
•of  Welland  in  the  parliament  of  Canada, 
which  he  did  for  four  years.  In  1860  he 
moved  to  the  county  of  Essex  ;  and  in  1864 
was  appointed  stipendiary  magistrate  with 
jurisdiction  over  the  whole  Western  Canada 
frontier,  and  in  this  capacity  he  successfully 
quieted  frontier  excitement,  especially  in 
the  cities  of  Detroit  and  Buffalo,  and  after- 
wards received  the  special  thanks  of  Lord 
Monck,  the  then  governor-general  of  Cana- 
da, for  his  services  on  this  occasion.  He 
managed  the  extradition  of  Burley,for  piracy 
on  lake  Erie  ;  and  also  adjudicated  upon  and 
extradited  the  parties  in  the  two  celebrated 
express  robbery  cases  of  Reno  and  Ander- 
son and  of  Morton  and  Thomson.  He  dis- 
covered and  arranged  the  settlement  of  the 
disputed  line  of  international  boundary  at 
the  St.  Clair  flits  canal.  In  1865  Mr.  Mc- 
Micken was  specially  charged  to  watch  over 
the  Fenian  movement  in  the  United  States 
in  that  year,  and  continued  to  do  so  until 
their  last  efforts  at  invasion  failed  in  1870. 
During  these  exciting  times,  and  on  the  oc- 
casi  m  of  the  murder  of  T.  D'Arcy  McGee, 
on  Sparks  street,  Ottawa,  he  had  committed 
to  his  care  the  government  and  parliament 
buildings  in  that  city,  and  the  persons  of 
the  members  of  the  government  and  of 
parliament  then  at  the  capital;  and  pro- 
tected, by  convoy,  the  persons  of  Black, 
Richot  and  Scott,  delegates  from  Manitoba, 
from  the  United  States  to  Ottawa,  during 
the  first  troubles  in  the  North- West.  In 
2869  he  was  appointed  to  accompany  his 
Royal  Highness  Prince  Arthur,  and  his 


suite,  with  Governor-General  Young,  Lady 
Young,  and  Colonel  Elphinstone,  in  their 
tour  through  Ontario,  thence  to  Montreal, 
and  then  on  to  Ottawa,  and  for  the  valuable 
services  rendered  the  parLy  he  received  the 
special  thanks  of  Prince  Arthur,  accom- 
panied by  a  valuable  souvenir.  In  1871  he 
was  made  agent  of  the  Dominion  lands  in 
Manitoba,  and  assistant  receiver-general, 
Dominion  auditor,  manager  of  the  Domin- 
ion savings  banks,  and  immigration  agent. 
In  the  same  year  he  was  instrumental  in 
preventing  a  rising  of  the  Metis  when  the 
Fenians  offered  to  come  over  from  the 
United  States  to  help  them.  From  1874  to 
1877  he  was  the  acting  inspector  of  the 
Manitoba  Penitentiary,  and  in  the  latter 
year  he  retired  from  the  government  ser- 
vice on  a  pension,  having  served  the  Domin- 
ion faithfully  and  well.  In  1879  he  was 
elected  to  represent  Cartier  in  the  Manitoba 
legislature,  was  chosen  speaker  of  that  body, 
and  retired  from  political  life  on  the  disso- 
lution of  the  parliament  in  1883.  In  1879 
he  was  appointed  agent  of  the  Commercial 
Uuion  Assurance  Company  of  London, 
England,  and  this  position  he  still  holds. 
Though  greatly  advanced  in  age,  he  is  still 
hale  and  hearty,  and  a  good  many  years  of 
usefulness  are  still  apparently  before  him. 
Hon  Mr.  McMicken  married  at  Chippewa, 
on  the  19th  February,  1835,  Ann  Theresa, 
grand  daughter  of  Commodore  Grant. 

IUa*«*i»n,  L.I. -Colonel  L<oui§  Fran- 
<»ois  Koderique,  ex-Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  was  born  at 
Terrebonne,  on  November  7th,  1833.  He  is 
the  fourth  son  of  Hon.  Joseph  Masson,  a 
member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  Can- 
ada, at  the  time  of  his  death,  and  M.  G. 
Sophie  Raymond,  of  Laprairie.  Mrs.  Mas- 
son  died  in  1883,  at  Terrebonne,  where  she 
was  buried.  The  ceremonies  of  her  funeral 
were  very  impressive,  the  archbishop  of 
Montreal  officiating  ;  the  musical  service, 
under  the  leadership  of  Professor  Guillaume 
Couture,  of  Montreal,  with  a  select  choir  of 
forty  male  voices,  was  the  grandest  ever  per- 
formed in  the  country.  Besides  distributing 
a  considerable  fortune  to  her  children  and 
relatives,  she  left  princely  legacies  to  vari- 
ous charitable  institutions,  the  Deaf  Mute 
Institution  of  Montreal  receiving  for  its 
share  a  sum  of  $20,000.  The  ancestors  of 
Mr.  Masson  came  to  Canada  very  early,  and 
settled  originally  in  Saint  Eustache.  At  the 
present  time  the  ramifications  of  the  family 
spread  over  the  whole  province  of  Quebec. 
The  subj  ect  of  our  sketch  was  educated  at 
the  Jesuits'  College,  Georgetown,  Worces- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


347 


ter,  Mass.,  and  at  St.  Hyacinthe,  Quebec, 
where  he  completed  his  classical  studies. 
Daring  this  period  he  travelled  for  two  years 
through  Europe  and  the  Holy  Land,  in  com- 
pany with  that  distinguished  scholar,  Rev. 
Mr.  De-aulniers,  of  St.  Hyacinthe  College. 
Their  tour  lasted  twenty  four  months,  and 
was  productive  of  immense  benefit  to  young 
Masson,  both  in  a  physical  and  mental  point 
of  view.  Ar,  the  conclusion  of  his  classical 
course  he  entered  the  law  office  of  the  late  Sir 
George  Ecienne  Cartier,  in  Montreal,  where 
he  resided  three  years,  and  in  November, 
1859,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bir.  He 
never,  however,  practised  his  profession. 
Since  October,  1862,  he  has  held  a  commis- 
sion in  the  Canadian  volunteer  force.  On 
August  2lst,  18  >3,  he  was  appointed  brigade- 
major  8fch  military  district  of  Lower  Cana- 
da, doing  aciive  duty  on  the  frontier  during 
the  first  Fenian  raid,  March,  1866  ;  and  also 
during  the  second  raid  in  the  same  year, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  1867.  Colonel  Masson  has  held 
various  offices  in  the  municipality  of  his  na- 
tive town,  and  was  mayor  of  Terrebonne  in 
1874.  In  1867  he  was  first  elected  to  par- 
liament as  representative  for  the  county  of 
Terrebonne,  and  at  every  subsequent  elec- 
tion he  was  re-elected  by  acclamation.  He 
is  perhaps  the  most  popular  man  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec  among  his  constituents. 
He  is  a  Conservative,  and  stands  very  high 
in  the  estimation  of  his  chiefs.  In  1873  he 
was  offered  a  seat  in  the  Macdonald  cabinet, 
but  declined  ;  the  outspoken  views  he  held 
on  the  amnesty  for  political  offences  in  Mani- 
toba, and  on  the  settle  meat  of  the  New 
Brunswick  mixed  schools  question,  forbade 
his  acceptance  of  the  honour  proffered,  un- 
less he  should  make  a  sacrifice  of  principles. 
He  is  in  favour  of  a  reciprocity  treaty  with 
the  United  States,  provided  Canada  is  able 
to  get  equitable  terms  ;  of  a  moderately  pro- 
tective tariff,  and  he  always  advocated  the 
construction  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway 
wholly  on  Canadian  soil.  In  1878,  when 
the  Mackenzie  administration  resigned,  Mr. 
Masson,  who  was  travelling  in  Europe,  was 
offered  a  portfolio  in  the  new  cabinet,  and 
he  sailed  immediately  for  Canada.  On  his 
arrival  (19th  October),  he  was  sworn  in  a 
member  of  her  Majesty's  Privy  Council  and 
minister  of  militia  and  defence.  Under 
his  energetic  administration  numerous  im- 
provements and  useful  changes  were  effected 
in  the  Canadian  militia  organization, — more 
especially  the  establishment  of  drill  associa- 
tions in  educational  institutions,  the  supply 
of  military  clothes  from  Canadian  manufac- 


ture, the  manufacturing  in  the  country  of 
gunpowder,  cartridges,  heavy  guns,  etc. 
For  reasons  of  health  he  was  forced  to  dis- 
continue the  arduous  labours  he  had  under- 
taken, and  on  the  16th  January,  1880,  he 
resigned  his  position  of  minister  of  militia 
and  defence,  and  was  appointed  president 
of  the  Privy  Council.  Mr.  Masson  resigned 
his  seat  in  the  cabinet  in  1880,  and  in  1882 
was  called  to  the  Senate.  In  1884  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil of  Quebec,  and  he  held  that  position 
until  the  7th  November,  1884,  when  he  re- 
signed, to  assume  the  duties  of  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  province  of  Quebec.  In 
1856  Col.  Masson  married  Louise  Rachel, 
eldest  daughter  of  Lieut. -Col.  Alexander 
Mackenzie,  and  granddaughter  of  Hon.  Rod- 
erique  Mackenzie,  once  a  member  of  the 
Legislative  Council  of  Canada,  and  a  partner 
in  the  North- West  Fur  Company  ;  by  this 
marriage  he  had  issue  five  children,  three 
sons  and  two  daughters.  Mrs.  Masson  died, 
and  in  1884  he  married  his  second  wife, 
Ce"cile  Burroughs,  eldest  daughter  of  John 
H.  Burroughs,  prothonotary  of  the  Supreme 
Court  r f  Canada. 

Bellcau,  Sir  tfarcis§e,  K.C.M.G., 
Q.C.,  ex- Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  was  born  on  the  20th  Oc- 
tober, 1808,  in  the  city  of  Quebec,  where 
he  was  educated,  and  where  he  still  resides. 
Shortly  after  leaving  school  he  chose  law  as 
a  profession,  and  soon  built  up  a  lucrative 
business.  Being  a  public  spirited  gentle- 
man, he  took  an  active  part  in  municipal 
affiirs,  and  in  1860,  when  the  Prince  of 
Wales  visited  Canada,  Mr.  Belleau  was 
mayor  of  Quebec,  and  on  this  auspicious  oc- 
casion he  had  the  honour  of  knighthood 
conferred  upon  him.  He  entered  the  Legis- 
lative Council  in  1852,  soon  made  his  mark 
there,  and  in  1857  was  elected  speaker  of 
that  body.  This  elevated  position  he  re- 
tained until  1862,  when  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  minister  of  agriculture  in  the 
Cartier-Macdonald  administration.  In  1865 
he  was  persuaded  to  undertake  the  respon- 
sible duties  of  premier  and  receiver-general, 
and  held  these  important  offices  until  ap- 
pointed lieutenant-governor  of  the  province 
of  Quebec  in  1867.  Sir  Narcisse  took  an 
active  part  in  all  the  most  celebrated  trials 
at  this  time  in  contested  election  cases,  and 
his  voice  was  110  insignificant  one  in  all  and 
more  than  peculiarly  delicate  questions 
which  so  frequently  arose  during  the  time 
he  was  speaker  of  the  upper  house  before 
confederation.  As  a  legal  adviser  in  civil 
cases  he  had  few  compeers  at  the  time  of 


348 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


his  practising  in  Quebec  that  were  recog- 
nized as  his  equal,  still  less  his  superior. 
Though  now  well  advanced  in  years  he  still 
possesses  a  large  circle  of  friends  inside 
and  outside  of  politics,  and  is  a  gentleman 
highly  respected  in  his  native  city.  His 
excellency  Senor  Don  Boniface  de  Bias, 
minister  of  foreign  affairs,  by  order  and 
in  the  name  of  his  Majesty  the  King  of 
Spain,  for  services  rendered  on  the  occasion 
of  the  projected  invasion  of  Cuba  by  the 
fillibusters,  conferred  upon  him  the  dignity 
of  commander  and  grand  officer  of  the  royal 
order  of  Isabella  la  Catolica,  in  1872,  and 
on  the  24th  Miy,  1879,  he  had  the  still 
higher  honour  conferred  upon  him  of  being 
made  a  knight  commander  of  the  order  of 
St.  Michael  and  St.  George,  by  herMijesty 
Queen  Victoria,  at  the  hands  of  the  Mar- 
quis of  Lome,  late  governor-general,  in  the 
presence  of  her  Royal  Highness  the  Prin- 
cess Louise.  Sir  Narcisse  Belleau,  no  wan 
old  man,  can  look  back  on  his  past  record  as 
barrister,  mayor,  speaker  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Council,  minister  of  agriculture,  receiv- 
er-general, premier  and  lieutenant-governor 
of  his  native  province,  with  satisfaction — 
having  filled  these  high  offices  with  credit 
to  himself  and  honour  to  his  country — and 
enjoy  the  remainder  of  his  days  as  a  public 
benefactor  and  a  humane  sympathetic  Chris- 
tian gentleman  should  always  be  able  to  do. 
On  the  15th  September,  1835,  Sir  Narcisse 
was  married  to  Marj ,  daughter  of  the  late 
L.  Gauvreau,  at  one  time  a  member  of 
the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Lower  Canada. 
There  is  no  issue  by  the  marriage. 

De§auln1er§,  Francois  Severe  Le- 
sieiir,  B.C.L.,  Yarnachiche,  M. P.  for  St. 
Maurice,  Quebec  Province.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  a  member  of  one  of  the  oldest, 
most  well  known  and  respectable  families  of 
the  province  of  Quebec — the  Desaulniers 
having  come  from  France  to  Canada  some 
time  during  the  seventeenth  century  (1642), 
and  settled  in  the  district  of  Three  Rivers. 
He  is  descended  from  Charles  Lesieur,  who 
was  a  notary  royal  and  solicitor  general 
under  the  French  government,  and  of  Fran- 
cjoise  de  Lafond,  a  niece  of  Pierre  Boucher, 
the  illustrious  governor  of  Three  Rivers 
under  the  government  of  M.  de  Mesy  (1663). 
Mr.  Desaulniers  is  the  son  of  the  late  Fran- 
9  >is  Lesieur  Desaulniers,  and  of  the  late 
Marguerite  Pothier,  and  was  born  at  Yama- 
chiche  on  the  19th  September,  1850.  He 
received  his  education  at  Nicolet  College, 
an  institution  to  which  both  church  and 
state  are  greatly  indebted  for  having  pro- 
duced many  citizens  who  distinguish  them- 


selves in  the  various  walks  of  public  life. 
After  successfully  passing  his  examinations, 
Mr.  Desaulniers  was  admitted  to  the  bar  on 
the  13th  January,  1879,  at  Three  Rivers, 
and  is  now  a  member  of  the  legal  firm  of 
Desilets,  Desaulniers  &  Duplesds  of  that 
city.  But  his  love  for  journalism  was  evi- 
dently greater  than  for  the  law,  for  we 
meet  him,  while  studying  law,  editing  the 
Constitutionnel  at  Three  Rivers,  a  journal 
founded  by  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
French  Canadian  writers,  the  late  Hon.  E. 
Ge'rin,  legislative  councillor.  Later  on,  from 
1875  to  1877,  we  find  him  in  Quebec,  as 
assistant  editor  of  Le  Canadien,  whilst  he 
contributed  several  editorials  and  political 
articles  to  the  Revue  Canadiennr,  of  Mont- 
real, to  Le  Foyer  Domestiqne  of  Ottawa,  as 
well  as  to  several  other  papers.  Mr.  Des- 
aulniers' political  career  began  in  1878,  when 
he  was,  for  the  first  time,  returned  to  the 
Quebec  parliament,  at  the  general  elections, 
for  his  native  county,  St.  Maurice,  P.Q.  He 
was  elected  by  a  majority  of  245  votes  over 
his  opponent,  L.  A.  Lord.  At  the  general 
elections  of  1881  he  was  re-elected  for  the 
same  constituency  by  a  majority  of  110  votes 
over  S.  J.  Remington.  While  in  the  Quebec 
parliament  he  was  a  moderate  Liberal-Con- 
servative, and  a  strong  supporter  of  the  con- 
ciliatory and  moderate  policy  inaugurated 
by  the  Chapleau  government.  In  1886,  at 
the  late  provincial  elections,  Mr.  Desaulniers 
withdrew  from  the  political  arena  to  accept 
a  charge  from  the  provincial  government. 
Upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Hon.  M. 
de  la  Bruere,  speaker  of  the  Legislative 
Council,  he  was,  on  the  2nd  November,  1886, 
appointed  by  the  Ross  government  deputy- 
clerk  and  clerk  of  the  private  bills  of  the  Leg- 
islative Council  of  Quebec,  vice  J.  A.  Jodoin, 
resigned.  Lately  a  vain  attempt  was  made 
to  deprive  him  of  this  office,  but  by  a  unani- 
mous vote  of  the  Legislative  Council  his 
appointment  was  confirmed.  On  the  22nd 
February,  1887,  Mr.  Desaulniers  was  re- 
turned to  the  Dominion  parliament  for  hia 
old  and  faithful  constituency  of  St.  Maurice, 
where  he  enjoys  a  well-deserved  popularity. 
He  won  the  contest  this  time  by  a  majority 
of  267  votes  over  his  opponent,  L.  A.  Lord. 
While  devoting  all  his  energies  to  the  fulfil- 
ment of  his  numerous  duties  as  representa- 
tive of  the  people,  Mr.  Desaulniers,  who 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  agriculture,  has 
been  unanimously  elected  for  ten  years  con- 
secutively as  president  of  the  Agricultural 
Society  of  the  county  of  St.  Maurice.  He  has 
also  been  a  justice  of  the  peace  since  1878. 
In  politics  M>.  Desaulniers  is  a  staunch  Con- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


349 


servative.  He  strongly  endorses  the  protec- 
tive policy  adopted  some  years  ago,  and  is  a 
warm  supporter  of  the  Sir  John  A.  Macdon- 
ald  administration.  In  July,  1877,  he  mar- 
ried, at  St.  Guillaume  d'Upton,  Marie  Agke 
Maher,  daughter  of  Francis  Maher,  mer- 
chant, whose  ancestors  came  from  Stuttgart, 
Germany.  They  have  five  children  living. 
Mr.  Desaulniers  is  extremely  popular  in 
his  own  constituency  and  in  the  neighbour- 
ing counties,  where  he  has  often  addressed 
large  meetings  on  all  the  vital  issues  of  the 
day,  and  performed  many  acts  of  kindness 
and  liberality — winning,  at  the  same  time, 
for  himself  the  esteem  and  respect  of  all  by 
his  social  qualities,  his  proverbial  hospitality, 
his  sterling  integrity,  and  his  devotedness  to 
the  public  interests. 

McClelan,  Hon.  Abner  Reid, Sena- 
tor, Riverside,  Hopewell,  New  Brunswick, 
was  born  where  he  now  resides,  in  1831. 
He  is  the  youngest  son  of  the  late  Peter 
McClelan,  who  was  for  a  considerable  period 
a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  of  the  common 
pleas,  in  the  county  of  Albert.  His  pater- 
nal ancestry  were  Irish  ;  but  his  mother 
(Robinson)  was  descended  from  the  Clarkes, 
of  New  Hampshire.  A.  R.  McClelan  was 
educated  at  the  district  school,  and  at  the 
Mount  Allison  Wesleyan  Academy,  of  which 
he  was  subsequently  one  of  the  Board  of 
Governors.  In  1854,  Mr.  McClelan  was 
elected  one  of  the  representatives  of  his  na- 
tive county  in  the  New  Brunswick  legisla- 
ture, and  continued  to  hold  the  position  till 
the  union,  in  1867.  He  is  liberal  in  politics, 
and  united  with  the  Bon.  Charles  Fisher, 
the  Hon.  S.  L.  Tilley,  and  other  Liberals  of 
that  day,  iu  the  overthrow  of  the  Conserva- 
tive administration,  and  in  the  establish- 
ment, on  a  firmer  basis,  of  the  rights  of  all 
under  the  responsible  system  of  government. 
Mr.  McCielan  was  an  ardent  supporter  of 
the  treaty  of  1854,  which  secured  free  reci- 
procal trade  with  the  United  States.  In  ad- 
dition to  other  reforms,  he  succeeded  in  ob- 
taining amendments  to  the  law  of  inherit- 
ance, including  the  removal  of  the  rights  of 
primogeniture,  and  in  providing  postal  regu- 
lations for  the  better  observance  of  the  Sab- 
bath day.  His  efforts  were  always  employed 
to  obtain  a  fair  and  equitable  distribution 
of  the  public  appropriations,  and  the  county 
which  he  so  long  represented  derived 
considerable  advantages  thereby.  In  1865, 
he  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  the 
speakership  of  the  Assembly.  During  that 
year  he  helped  to  lead  the  opposition  against 
the  government  formed  to  oppose  the  union, 
and  on  the  resignation  of  the  ministry,  he 


accepted  a  seat  in  the  new  administration 
ith  the  portfolio  of  public  works,  which  he 
held  till  the  union,  when  he  was  called  to 
the  Senate.  He  advocated  the  construction 
of  the  railway  from  Shediac  to  St.  John, 
now  a  part  of  the  Intercolonial,  and  subse- 
quently the  establishment  of  branch  lines, 
including  an  ample  subsidy  for  the  Albert 
Railway,  which  was  guaranteed  by  the  Do- 
minion government,  upon  the  special  re- 
quest of  the  friends  and  promoters  of  the 
road.  Mr.  McClelan  at  the  outset  urged  the 
government  which  he  was  then  supporting 
to  subsidize  a  short  line  toHillsboro',  which 
was  done,  and  the  road  afterwards  extended 
to  Hopewell.  He  prepared  and  introduced 
the  original  Act  of  Incorporation,  assisted  in 
securing  the  aid  of  the  Dominion  guarantee, 
and  asked  for  and  obtained  a  loan  of  rails  to 
facilitate  a  branch  line  to  Hillsboro'.  As  a 
member  of  the  Dominion  parliament,  Mr. 
McClelan  has  continued  on  the  side  of  lib- 
eralism and  free  trade,  believing  and  affirm- 
ing that  the  policy  of  protection  is  not  based 
on  equitable  principles,  that  it  is  generally 
injurious  in  its  tendencies,  and  especially 
detrimental  to  the  smaller  provinces  by  the 
sea.  Though  formerly  in  mercantile  busi- 
ness, the  Hon.  Mr.  McClelan  has  partially 
retired  therefrom,  owing  to  delicate  health. 
In  the  Senate,  it  may  be  added,  he  is  a  man 
of  much  usefulness,  for  he  gives  to  public 
questions  a  thoughtful  and  impartial  study. 
To  the  broad  interests  of  Canada,  the  Hon. 
Mr.  McClelan  has  been  always  loyal,  and 
there  is  nothing  hollow  about  his  patriotism. 
He  is  married  to  Anna  J.,  eldest  daughter 
of  W.  J.  Reed,  of  Harvey,  New  Brunswick. 
Clemo,  Efoenezer,  Inventor,  was  a 
native  of  London,  England,  and  came  to 
Canada  in  1858.  He  was,  although  young, 
a  person  of  great  genius  and  ability.  On  his 
arrival  in  Montreal  he  was  reduced  to  such 
necessity,  that  he  applied  to  John  Lovell, 
publisher  of  that  city,  for  employment  as  a 
message  boy  ;  but  Mr.  Lovell  knowing  his 
acquirements,  engaged  him  to  write  a  couple 
of  books.  Hence  "  Simon  Seek,"  and  "  The 
Canadian  Homes,"  which  appeared  in  the 
same  year.  Not  works  of  the  highest  stand- 
ard of  literature  certainly,  but  evincing 
much  talent,  and  giving  a  good  insight  into 
Canadian  character  and  life.  He  was  the 
inventor  and  discoverer  of  making  paper 
pulp  out  of  straw,  an  industry  which  has 
grown  to  great  proportions  since  his  day  ; 
and  when  engaged  in  erecting  machinery  for 
the  manufacture  of  such  paper  at  Morris- 
town,  New  Jersey }  died  in  1860,  at  the  early 
age  of  thirty. 


350 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Fuller  I  on,  Jame§  S.,  President  of 
the  Osgoode  Literary  and  Legal  Society, 
Toronto. — Mr.  Fullerton  is  a  native  Cana- 
dian, having  been  born  on  April  3,  1843,  in 
the  township  of  South  Dorchester,  Elgin 
county,  Ontario.  Early  in  life  he  formed  a 
taste  for  the  law,  and  finally  came  to  Toron- 
to a  student.  He  studied  with  N.  G.  Bige- 
low,  John  Leys  and  Beverly  Jones,  and  ten 
years  ago  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
had  the  honor  of  taking  third  and  fourth 
year  scholarships.  He  has  now  practised 
his  profession  for  a  decade,  and  is  senior  part- 
ner in  the  firm  of  Fullerton,  Cook  &  Miller. 
He  has  had  more  of  the  successes  of  life 
than  fall  to  the  lot  of  most  men.  His  prac- 
tice has  steadily  increased,  and  it  is  said  in 
legal  circles  that  in  three  years  he  has  only 
lost  a  couple  of  cases — and  those  it  was  well 
nigh  impossible  to  win.  His  reputation  for 
office  work  is  great,  and  his  unusual  capa- 
bilities for  making  a  jury  think  as  he  thinks 
have  given  him  considerable  counsel  work 
to  do. 

Be??,  Alexander,  Dunbow  Ranch, 
North- West  Territory,  Canada,  is  a  native 
of  the  parish  of  Watten,  Caithness-shire, 
Scotland,  and  was  born  7th  May,  1825.  He 
is  a  son  of  Andrew  Begg,  farmer,  and  Jane 
Taylor,  of  Houstry,  Dunn,  Watten.  His 
father  was  also  miller  of  the  mill  of  Dunn 
until  about  fifty  years  ago,  when  it  and 
similar  small  oatmeal  mills  throughout 
Caithness  were  discontinued.  The  work  of 
kiln-drying  oats,  formerly  done  by  every 
farmer  at  home  on  his  own  kiln, — the  win- 
nowing of  the  shelled  grain  after  it  had  first 
passed  between  the  mill  stones,  and  the 
sifting  of  the  meal  had  to  be  done  by  hand; 
but  about  that  time  was  transferred  to  larger 
mills  erected  by  each  proprietor  for  his  ten- 
ants. The  modern  mill  was  furnished  with 
a  fanning  mill  to  clean  the  shelled  oats, 
and  sieves  which  sifted  the  meal  thoroughly. 
A  kiln  was  also  attached  for  the  use  of  the 
tenants,  who  were  bound  each  to  bring  his 
grain  to  the  mill  belonging  to  the  estate  on 
which  his  farm  was  situate  and  pay  toll 
there.  Mr.  Begg  received  his  elementary 
education  at  a  somewhat  celebrated  select 
school,  taught  by  William  Campbell,  near 
his  father's  house  at  Backlass,  Dunn.  Up 
to  the  age  of  eighteen  he  assisted  on  the 
farm  and  attended  the  Watten  parish  school. 
Subsequently  he  attended  the  Normal 
School  at  Edinburgh,  from  which  he  re- 
ceived a  diploma  qualifying  him  as  a  teach- 


er. This  he  utilized  by  teaching  at  Clunyr 
Aberdeenshire,  until  1846,  when  he  emi- 
grated to  Canada.  Soon  after  his  arrival 
af>  Belleville,  where  some  of  his  school  fel- 
lows had  formerly  emigrated,  he  taught 
school  in  the  townships  of  West  Hunting- 
don and  Madoc,  and  afterwards  at  Oshawa, 
There  he  met  J.  E.  McMillan  (now  sheriff 
in  Victoria,  B.C.),  and  joined  him  in  pub- 
lishing The  Messenger,  the  first  newspaper 
published  in  Bowmanville.  After  a  couple 
of  years  he  sold  out  to  Mr.  McMillan,  and 
purchased  the  plant  of  the  Cobourg  Sun, 
removing  it  to  Brighton,  Ontario,  and  pub- 
lished The  Sentinel,  the  first  newspaper 
published  there.  He  afterwards  started  The 
Advocate  at  Trenton,  also  the  pioneer  news- 
paper of  that  place.  Shortly  afterwards  he 
disposed  of  his  interest  in  the  printing 
business,  and  visited  his  native  land.  On 
his  return  to  Canada  he  received  an  appoint- 
ment in  the  customs,  serving  at  the  ports 
of  Morrisburg,  Port  Dover,  Brockville  and 
Cornwall;  and  in  1869  was  promoted  to  be 
collector  of  customs  and  inspector  of  inland 
revenue  for  the  North- West  Territories,  ac- 
companying the  lieutenant-governor,  Hon. 
Wm.  McDougall  and  party,  as  far  as  Pem- 
bina,  when  the  French  half-breeds  under 
Eiel  stopped  their  advance,  compelling  their 
return.  To  conciliate  certain  parties,  an- 
other collector  of  customs  was  sent  out  to 
Fort  Garry  after  Kiel's  flight  to  the  United 
States.  Mr.  Begg  was  transferred  to  the 
Inland  Revenue  department,  but  being  dis- 
satisfied at  being  deprived  of  his  position 
without  any  fault  on  his  part,  he  left  the 
service  of  the  Dominion  government,  and 
accepted  the  office  of  emigration  commis- 
sioner in  Scotland  for  the  Ontario  govern- 
ment. In  that  work  he  was  remarkably  suc- 
cessful, and  during  several  years  continued 
to  send  out  a  superior  class  of  emigrants. 
Owing  to  a  change  in  the  emigration  policy,, 
only  one  agent  for  Ontario  was  retained 
for  Great  Britain,  at  Liverpool.  Mr.  Begg 
then  turned  his  attention  to  the  establish- 
ment of  a  temperance  colony  in  the  Parry 
Sound  district.  The  township  of  McMur- 
rich  was  chosen  as  being  then  without  any 
settlers.  A  grist  mill,  saw  and  shingle  mills 
were  erected  by  him  at  Beggsboro'  in  1874, 
to  encourage  the  settlement;  and  although 
by  a  decision  of  the  Provincial  government, 
that  settlers,  other  than  strictly  temperance 
men,  could  be  admitted  to  the  colony,  it 
became  and  still  continues  a  prosperous 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


351 


settlement.  Whilst  engaged  in  opening  up 
roads  through  the  wilderness  and  fostering 
the  colony,  Mr.  Begg  became  editor  and 
joint  proprietor  of  the  Muskoka  Herald, 
published  at  Bracebridge;  and  soon  after- 
wards commenced  in  Toronto  the  publica- 
tion of  the  Canada  Lumberman,  a  paper 
devoted  to  the  interest  of  lumber  dealers. 
This  paper  was  purchased  by  a  Peterboro' 
firm,  and  has  attained  a  leading  position  in 
the  lumber  trade.  Next  we  find  him,  in 
1879,  at  the  World's  Exposition  in  Paris, 
where  he  had  on  view,  and  received  prizes 
for,  a  landau  carriage  from  London,  Onta- 
rio, and  a  sleigh  from  Orillia,  at  which  lat- 
ter place  his  family  have  resided  since  their 
return  from  Scotland.  He  also  brought 
across  the  Atlantic  with  him  from  the  Mus- 
koka lakes,  a  number  of  live  black  bass,  the 
first  ever  brought  alive  across  the  ocean 
from  the  new  to  the  old  world.  Some  of 
the  bass  were  deposited  at  Dunrobin,  the 
seat  of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland's  family  in 
Scotland ;  some  in  England,  and  a  few  more 
taken  across  the  English  channel  to  Paris, 
for  which  latter  he  received  a  medal  from 
the  Paris  Societe  d'Acclimatation.  In  1881 
Mr.  Begg  made  a  tour  to  the  North- West  by 
way  of  Chicago,  St.  Paul  and  Bismarck,  as 
the  Toronto  Mail  correspondent  ;  taking 
the  steamer  up  the  Missouri  to  Fort  Ben- 
ton,  the  head  of  navigation,  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railway  not  having  been  completed 
farther  than  Bismark  at  that  time.  The 
journey  onward  and  northward  from  Ben- 
ton  to  Fort  McLeod  was  made  by  team  and 
on  horseback,  camping  out  by  the  way. 
His  Excellency  the  Marquis  of  Lome  reach- 
ed McLeod  from  Battleford  and  Calgary  on 
his  tour  across  the  continent  at  the  same 
time  Mr.  Begg  arrived  from  the  south,  so 
he  had  the  opportunity  of  meeting  the  gov- 
ernor-general and  party,  and  of  including 
in  his  correspondence  the  earliest  written 
news  of  their  arrival  there,  and  the  enthus- 
iastic reception  given  them  by  the  Bloods, 
Piegans  and  a  party  of  Indians  (Blackfeet), 
under  Chief  Crowfoot.  From  McLeod,  Mr. 
Begg  proceeded  to  Morley, where  one  of  his 
sons  (Magnus)  was  farm  instructor  of  the 
Stoney  tribe  of  Indians  on  the  reserve  there. 
Magnus  has  since  been  promoted  to  be 
chief  agent  at  the  Blackfoot  reserve.  From 
Morley,  Mr.  Begg  rode  up  Bow  River  to 
the  foot  of  the  Rockies,  where  an  advance 
party  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  en- 
gineers were  at  work  to  ascertain  if  the  rail- 


way line  could  be  located  by  that  route. 
Returning  to  Calgary,  he  proceeded  north 
to  Edmonton  and  St.  Albert ;  then  eastward 
to  Battleford,  Prince  Albert  and  Duck  Laker 
on  to  Humboldt,  Fort  Qu'Appelle,  Fort 
Ellice  and  Brandon,  which  latter  place  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway  had  just  reached. 
At  Humboldt  he  was  obliged  to  sell  his  sad- 
dle and  pack  horses  and  take  the  stage,  as 
winter  had  fairly  set  in,  and  travelling  alone 
was  no  longer  safe,  especially  without  stop- 
ping places  for  the  night.  Next  year,  Mr. 
Begg  returned  to  the  North- West  by  the 
same  route,  taking  one  of  his  sons  (Robert) 
with  him  to  establish  a  sheep,  cattle  and 
horse  ranch  (Dunbow)  at  the  confluence  of 
High  river  with  Bow  river.  TLIS  summer 
(1887)  another  of  his  sons  (Roderick) 
joined  him  on  the  ranch,  which  is  now  well 
stocked  and  flourishing.  His  sons,  Alexan- 
der and  Peter,  have  recently  been  engaged 
in  the  Eastern  States  in  connection  with  a 
printing  establishment;  another  son,  Ralphr 
is  attending  the  Military  School  in  Toronto,, 
whilst  the  sixth,  Colin,  is  studying  at  the 
High  School  in  Orillia,  where  Mrs.  Begg: 
and  five  daughters  yet  reside.  This  autumn 
Mr.  Begg  was  appointed  emigration  com- 
missioner by  the  government  of  British  Col- 
umbia, to  arrange  with  the  Crofter  fishermen 
of  Scotland  to  settle  on  the  western  shores 
of  the  island  of  Vancouver,  to  develop  the 
valuable  deep  sea  fisheries  of  the  Pacific. 
On  this  important  mission  he  left  Canada  in 
October,  having  formulated  a  scheme  which 
will,  he  considers,  solve  the  difficulty  which 
has  hitherto  prevented  the  Imperial  gov- 
ernment from  advancing  funds  to  assist  the 
emigration  of  the  Crofters. 

I 'an  ml  on,  Louis  Eritnoncl,  Q  C., 
B.C.L.,  LL.M.,  Barrister,  Sherbrooke,  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  was  born  at  Three  Rivers,, 
in  that  province,  on  the  6th  July,  1848. 
His  parents  were  Andre  Panneton  and 
Marie  Blondin.  Mr.  Panneton  received  his 
education  at  the  college  of  Three  Rivers,, 
where  he  took  the  classical  course.  In  1865 
he  removed  to  Sherbrooke,  and  in  1870  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Lower  Canada.  He 
was  elected  a  school  commissioner  in  1877, 
and  in  the  same  year  was  appointed  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Catholic  Board  of  Examiners  for 
granting  diplomas  to  teachers.  In  1878  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  Club  Cartier 
(Conservative  Association),  and  a  member 
of  the  city  council  in  1886.  The  degree  of 
B.C.L.  was  conferred  upon  him  in  1882,  and 


352 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


that  of  LL.M.  in  1885.  He  is  a  professor 
of  civil  law  at  Bishop's  University.  He 
was  chosen  president  for  the  years  1885  and 
1886  of  the  Eastern  Townships  Typograph- 
ical Company,  which  published  Le  Pion- 
nier.  He  was  made  a  Queen's  counsel  in 
1887,  and  in  the  same  year  was  elected 
president  of  the  bar  of  the  district  of  St. 
Francis.  Mr.  Panneton  travelled  through 
the  United  States  in  1876,  and  made  an 
•extended  tour  through  Europe  in  1878.  In 
religion,  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Conser- 
vative. He  was  married  on  the  6th  July, 
1886,  to  Corinne  Dorais,  of  St.  Gregoire, 
daughter  of  L.  T.  Dorais,  M.P.P.  for  the 
•county  of  Nicolet,  Province  of  Quebec. 

Blair,  Frank  I.,  M.D.,  St.  Stephen, 
New  Brunswick,  was  born  on  6th  January, 
1855.  His  father,  Dugald  Blair,  M.D.,  was 
a  Scotchman  by  birth,  having  been  born  in 
Greenock,  Scotland,  and  afterwards  settled 
in  New  Brunswick.  His  mother,  Sarah 
Henrietta  Marks,  was  a  native  of  St. 
Stephen,  and  was  a  descendant  of  Captain 
Nehemiah  Marks,  a  noted  loyalist.  Dr. 
Blair  received  his  early  education  in  Sun- 
bury  Grammar  School  and  the  University, 
Fredericton;  and  adopting  medicine  as  a 
profession,  completed  his  studies  at  the 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  New 
York.  He  then  returned  to  his  native  pro- 
vince, and  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  St.  Stephen,  where  he  has  succeeded 
in  building  up  a  good  business  He  takes 
an  interest  in  Masonry,  and  is  a  Knight 
Templar.  He  has  travelled  a  good  deal, 
and  found  time  to  visit  Europe,  California, 
and  several  other  Western  states  of  America. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal-Conservative; 
and  in  religion  an  adherent  of  the  Church 
of  England.  On  the  1st  of  December,  1881, 
he  was  married  to  Alice  J.  Owen,  of  St. 
Stephen. 

Irving,  A  ndrew,  Registrar  of  the  Coun- 
ty of  Renfrew,  Pembroke,  Ontario,  was  born 
at  Chatham,  Miramichi,  Northumberland 
county,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  14th  of  De- 
cember, 1820.  His  father,  Andrew  Irving, 
was  a  second  cousin  of  the  celebrated 
preacher  and  divine,  Edward  Irving,  the 
founder  of  the  sect  known  as  the  "  Irvin- 
ites,"  and  was  born  in  the  parish  of  Mid- 
dlebec,  Dumfriesshire,  Scotland.  He  emi- 
grated to  New  Brunswick  in  1816,  and 
lived  a  quiet  life  as  a  farmer  on  the 
banks  of  the  Miramichi  river,  about  a  mile 


from  the  town  of  Chatham,  where  he  died 
in  1864.  His  mother,  Margaret  Henderson, 
came  to  this  country  some  time  after  her 
husband,  and  died  at  a  ripe  old  age  in  1871 . 
Mr.  Irving's  grandfather,  John  Henderson, 
married  Clarinda  Douglas,  the  daughter  of 
Sir  Archibald  Douglas,  of  Castle  Milk,  and 
had  the  Cleugh  Brae  farm  presented  to 
him  by  Sir  Archibald  on  the  day  of  his 
marriage.  He  died  at  the  age  of  fifty-eight. 
Having  made  his  will  only  eight  days  before 
his  death,  it  was  declared  illegal,  from  the 
circumstance  that  at  that  time  the  law  of 
Scotland  required  that  a  testator  must  at- 
tend both  kirk  and  market,  and  live  six 
weeks  after  making  his  will,  otherwise  it 
would  be  null  and  void.  The  family  con- 
tested the  validity  of  this  will  in  the  courts, 
with  the  usual  results,  namely  that  of  finan- 
cial ruin  to  them  all.  Andrew,  the  subject 
of  our  sketch,  was  educated  at  the  Grammar 
School  at  Chatham,  and  afterwards  studied 
medicine  for  three  years  with  Dr.  Key,  then 
the  most  successful  practitioner  in  New 
Brunswick.  Finding,  however,  that  too 
close  application  to  study  was  endangering 
his  health,  he  abandoned  medicine,  and  re- 
solved to  seek  his  fortune  in  Western  Can- 
ada. With  this  object  in  view,  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1842  he  began  his  journey  westward, 
and  rather  than  slowly  voyage  on  board  a 
schooner  from  Miramichi  to  Quebec  he  chose 
the  land  route.  He  rode  on  horseback  from 
Miramichi  to  Dalhousie,  a  distance  of  over 
a  hundred  miles,  then  crossed  the  Resti- 
gouche  river  at  Campbelltown  with  his  pro- 
visions on  his  back,  and  walked  across  the 
country  to  the  St.  Lawrence  river  at  Metis, 
a  distance  of  nearly  a  hundred  miles.  The 
road  for  the  greater  part  of  the  route  was 
only  a  footpath,  and  the  sole  guide  he  and 
his  party  had  was  the  Indian  blaze;  and  it 
took  three  hard  days'  travel  to  make  the 
journey.  He  then  walked  the  entire  dis- 
tance, two  hundred  miles,  from  Metis  to 
Quebec,  in  five  days.  When  he  arrived  at 
By  town  (now  Ottawa  city),  he  crossed  the 
Ottawa  river,  and  was  driven  to  Aylmer  in 
a  vehicle  called  a  stage,  a  distance  of  nine 
miles,  by  a  man  named  Moses  Holt,  who  is 
still  alive,  though  bordering  on  his  one  hun- 
dredth year.  The  next  day  he  took  pas- 
sage in  a  bark  canoe,  working  his  way  as 
far  as  Fitzroy  Harbor,  a  small  village  on 
the  south  banks  of  the  Upper  Ottawa.  The 
following  day  he  embarked  on  the  steamer 
George  Buchanan,  which  at  her  best  could 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


353 


not  steam  more  than  five  miles  an  hour,  and 
came  on  with  her  as  far  as  Parrel's  Wharf, 
in  the  township  of  Horton.  The  distance 
from  this  point  to  Pembroke  by  the  then 
route  was  nearly  fifty  miles,  and  our  daunt- 
less young  Scotch  settler  accomplished  the 
distance  in  a  day  and  a  half,  arriving  at  his 
destination  in  good  health  and  spirits.  At 
this  time  it  took  a  traveller  three  days  from 
Ottawa  to  Pembroke,  and  now  the  journey 
can  be  made  in  about  as  many  hours.  In 
January,  1842,  he  began  his  career  as  a 
teacher  in  Pembroke,  the  settlers  having 
erected  for  him  a  log  school-house,  in  the 
bush,  and  agreeing  to  pay  him  a  salary  of 
forty  pounds  ($60)  and  board  for  a  year, 
which,  we  may  say,  was  not  always  promptly 
paid.  However,  our  young  teacher  was 
satisfied,  and  his  indomitable  pluck  carried 
him  through  all  difficulties,  and  he  is  now 
one  of  the  leading  men  in  his  county.  For 
about  three  years  Mr.  Irving  filled  the 
office  of  clerk  of  the  township  and  village 
of  Pembroke,  and  was  Division  Court  clerk 
for  over  twenty  years.  In  1861  he  was 
chosen  county  treasurer,  and  held  the  office 
until  1875.  He  was  local  superintendent 
of  education  for  a  part  of  the  county  before 
the  law  abolishing  this  office  came  into 
force;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Education  for  a  number  of  years,  during 
three  of  which  he  acted  as  its  chairman. 
In  1861  he  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the 
peace;  and  for  upwards  of  ten  years  was 
license  inspector.  In  1866  he  was  appoint- 
ed registrar  of  the  county  of  Renfrew,  and 
this  office  he  still  holds,  and  devotes  all  his 
time  to  the  performance  of  his  duties.  Mr. 
Irving  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in 
municipal  affairs,  and  it  was  he  who  during 
the  years  from  1861  to  1865  led  in  the 
county  town  struggle  for  Eenfrew  county, 
and  it  has  since  been  conceded  by  both 
friends  and  foes  that  it  was  through  his 
good  management  that  Pembroke  came  off 
victorious.  He  has  been  an  ardent  poli- 
tician, and  was  always  found  fighting  in 
the  Reform  ranks.  On  one  occasion,  dur- 
ing a  hard  election  contest,  he  was  ap- 
proached by  an  old  and  valued  friend,  and 
•ffered  a  lucrative  office  if  he  withdrew  his 
opposition  to  the  government  candidate, 
but,  with  true  Scotch  pride,  he  replied, 
"  My  principles  are  my  own ;  they  are 
neither  those  of  John  A.  Macdonald  or 
George  Brown,  and  you  would  think  very 
little  of  me  if  I  would  abandon  them  for 


any  such  offer."  This  answer  led  to  an 
estrangement  between  him  and  his  friend, 
but  alter  some  years  his  friend  admitted 
he  was  right,  and  so  the  matter  was  for- 
gotten. Unfortunately  Mr.  Irving  is  not 
so  liberal  in  his  religious  views  as  he  is  in 
his  political.  He  is  a  very  strict  Presby- 
terian; and  the  highest  of  Calvinists,  and 
would  resist  to  the  death  any  innovation  or 
reform  in  his  church  standards.  In  1844 
he  was  married  to  Jane  Reid,  the  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Peter  Whyte,  the  first 
settler  in  Pembroke.  She  died  in  1852,  and 
two  of  her  children  survive  her.  He  again 
married  in  1860,  his  second  choice  being 
Mary,  daughter  of  the  late  Doctor  William 
Cannon,  of  the  Royal  navy.  This  lady  is 
still  alive,  and  has  been  the  mother  of  five 
children,  four  of  whom  are  living. 

Laliberte,  Jean  Bapti§tc,  Fur  Mer- 
chant, St.  Rochs,  Quebec,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Quebec,  in  1843.  His  father,  who 
was  the  owner  of  one  of  the  largest  tan- 
neries located  on  St.  Valier  street,  in  that 
city,  sent  him  early  to  the  Quebec  Normal 
School,  where  h^  received  a  sound  commer- 
cial education.  On  leaving  school  he  com- 
menced work  with  a  merchant,  and  was 
afterwards  apprenticed  for  a  few  years  to  a 
furrier  to  learn  the  trade.  Here  he  soon 
acquired  a  thorough  knowledge  of  it  in  all 
its  branches,  and  laid  the  foundations  of  a 
successful  business  career.  In  May,  1867, 
he  began,  in  a  small  way,  on  his  own  ac- 
count. Being  attentive  and  obliging  and 
keeping  all  the  latest  styles  in  his  stock, 
customers  came  dropping  in;  and  at  the 
end  of  five  years,  having  worked  very  hard, 
he  had  accumulated  sufficient  means  to  en- 
able him  to  re-build  the  store  in  which  he 
had  begun,  and  which  had  now  become  too 
small  to  accommodate  his  growing  trade. 
After  a  lapse  of  a  few  more  years  he  began 
again  to  be  crowded  for  room;  and  he  then 
decided  to  enlarge  his  premises.  This  time 
he  erected  a  handsome  building  on  St. 
Joseph  street,  St.  Roch's,  containing  six 
floors,  110x45  feet,  which  he  now  occupies. 
On  the  top  of  the  building  is  a  dome  and 
flag-staff,  on  which  he  always  hoists  the 
French  flag  on  the  24th  of  June  of  each 
year,  this  being  the  anniversary  of  his 
patron  saint,  St.  Jean-Baptiste.  Mr.  Lali- 
bertd  has  made  it  a  rule  to  purchase  his 
goods  in  the  best  markets  of  the  world, 
and  to  offer  for  sale  only  articles  which 
may,  by  their  excellence  in  regard  to  qual- 


B54 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


itj  and  workmanship,  defy  the  keenest 
competition.  Not  content  with  visiting 
only  the  fur  markets  of  New  York,  London, 
Paris  and  Leipsic,  he,  in  1880,  and  every 
year  since,  has  visited  in  person  the  great 
fur  emporium  of  Russia,  being  the  first 
furrier  from  the  province  of  Quebec  who 
has  done  this.  He  has  now  branch  offi- 
ces in  the  principal  cities  of  Europe,  and 
his  managers  at  these  places  advise  him 
"weekly  as  to  prices,  etc.  Mr.  Laliberte 
employs  over  three  hundred  persons,  sever- 
al of  whom  are  constantly  employed  trap- 
ping and  hunting  in  our  own  northern 
forests,  and  are  paid  the  highest  prices  for 
furs  and  peltries  in  season  and  of  the  best 
grades.  He  is  both  an  importer  and  ex- 
porter, and  when  a  choice  set  of  furs  is 
wanted,  even  for  the  far  west,  the  St.  Kochs 
fur  emporium  is  generally  called  upon  to 
supply  it,  as  it  is  well  known  that  from  his 
immense  stock,  said  to  be  the  largest  in 
Canada,  it  can  readily  be  selected.  Mr. 
Laliberte  is  erect  in  stature,  manly  in  bear- 
ing, and  is  noted  for  his  courteous  demean- 
our to  his  fellow  men.  In  short,  he  is  a  fair 
representative  of  the  progressive  French 
Canadian  of  the  present  day. 

macdonald,  Augimine  Colin,  Mer- 
chant, Montague,  Prince  Edward  Island, 
was  born  on  the  30th  June,  1837,  at  Pan- 
mure,  P.E.I.  He  is  a  son  of  Hugh  Mac- 
donald, who  came  from  Moydart,  Inverness- 
shire,  Scotland,  to  Prince  Edward  Island  in 
1805,  and  settled  at  Panmure.  The  mother 
of  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  Catherine, 
daughter  of  A.  Macdonald,  of  Rhue  Aris- 
aig,  Inverness-shire.  Augustine  Colin  Mac- 
donald received  his  education  at  the  Gram- 
mar School  of  Georgetown,  and  at  the  Cen- 
tral Academy,  Charlottetown,  P.E.I.  He 
has  taken  part  in  all  matters  pertaining  to 
the  interests  of  the  island  in  which  he  was 
born,  and  has  been  on  several  occasions  a 
commissioner  for  managing  the  Exhibition 
•  of  Local  Industry  for  Prince  Edward  Is- 
land. He,  too,  is  interested  in  military 
matters,  and  is  captain  in  one  of  the  local 
companies.  He  was  first  returned  to  the 
Legislative  Assembly,  as  representative  for 
the  third  electoral  district  of  Kings  county, 
P.E.I.,  in  1870.  He  supported  the  Railway 
bill,  and  on  a  dissolution  of  the  house  was 
again  elected  by  his  political  friends.  In 
1873  he  once  more  appealed  to  his  constitu- 
ents, and,  as  a  supporter  of  "confedera- 
tion" and  "  better  terms,"  was  elected. 


When  Prince  Edward  Island  became  part 
of  the  confederacy,  Mr.  Macdonald  was  re- 
turned a  member  of  the  Dominion  parlia- 
ment as  a  supporter  of  Sir  John  A.  Mac- 
donald. At  the  general  election,  held  in 
1874,  he  suffered  defeat  at  the  polls,  being 
beaten  by  a  small  majority;  but  at  the 
general  election,  held  in  3878,  he  was 
again  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  House  of 
Commons  at  Ottawa.  In  politics  Mr.  Mac- 
donald is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and  dur- 
ing his  parliamentary  career  at  Ottawa  ren- 
dered good  service  to  the  government  when 
they  were  carrying  through  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway  bill  and  the  national  policy 
resolutions.  He  is  an  adherent  of  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  church.  He  married  at  Char- 
lottetown, on  the  27th  June,  1865,  Mary 
Elizabeth,  sixth  daughter  of  the  late  Hon. 
John  Small  Macdonald,  and  has  a  family  of 
seven  children. 

Harris,  John  Leonard,  Merchant 
and  Manufacturer,  Moncton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  in  Norton,  Kings  county,  on 
the  27th  September,  1833.  He  is  the  sec- 
ond son  of  Michael  Spurr  Harris,  who 
came  to  Moncton  with  his  family  in  1836. 
Here  John  L.  Harris  received  his  educa- 
tion, and  in  early  life  became  engaged  with 
G.  &.  J.  Salter,  shipbuilders,  as  their  book- 
keeper and  chief  business  man.  About  the 
year  1856  he  associated  with  him  his  bro- 
ther, C.  P.  Harris,  in  the  shipbuilding  busi- 
ness, which  they  carried  on  under  the  firm 
name  of  J.  &  C.  Harris.  And  since  1858, 
as  general  merchants,  they  have  largely 
imported  British,  foreign  and  West  India 
goods.  From  this  business  it  may  be  said 
was  developed  some  of  the  most  important 
industries  of  the  town  of  Moncton,  viz. :  a 
sugar  refinery  and  a  cotton  mill  —  and 
these  were  established  in  1880  and  1882, 
under  the  supervision  of  this  firm— J.  L. 
Harris  being  the  president  and  managing 
director  of  both  companies.  But  it  is  large- 
ly to  Mr.  Harris's  own  personal  exertions 
and  untiring  energy  that  his  native  town  is 
indebted  for  the  accomplishment  of  its  most 
important  public  benefit — a  work  which  has 
been  of  equal  benefit  to  every  citizen, 
and  has  not  only  placed  Moncton  at  once  in 
a  position  to  prosecute  the  industries  and 
arts  of  life,  but  has  fixed  a  permanent  value 
to  real  estate,  while  it  protects  property 
from  fire,  and  insures  health,  cleanliness 
and  comfort  for  future  generations.  It  was 
in  1878  that  he  organized  the  Moncton  Gas 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


355 


Light  and  Water  Company,  the  works  of 
which,  although  extensive,  were  carried  to 
completion  with  great  promptness  and  suc- 
cess during  the  same  year.  Within  three 
months  30,000  days'  labor  were  performed; 
and  combined  with  this  was  erected  the  gas 
works,  during  the  same  year,  which  subse- 
quently included  a  system  of  electric  light- 
ing. Mr.  Harris  has  been  the  president  and 
managing  director  of  this  company,  as  well 
as  of  the  sugar  and  cotton  manufacturing 
companies,  from  their  organization  to  the 
present  time;  and  he  has  for  many  years 
been  active  in  advocating  and  promoting  a 
harbor  improvement  enterprise  for  Moncton, 
having,  with  his  colleagues,  obtained  acts  of 
the  Dominion  and  Local  parliaments  incor- 
porating the  Moncton  Dock  and  Harbor 
Improvement  Company.  He  has  also  been 
identified  with  other  public  enterprises  in 
the  town,  and  generally  those  called  into 
existence  by  reason  of  the  national  policy 
of  Canada,  which  he  has  warmly  supported. 
He  is  an  upholder  of  the  principles  of  the 
Liberal-Conservative  party.  In  1881  and 
1882  Mr.  Harris  was  elected  to  the  position 
of  mayor,  and  thus  served  two  years  as 
presiding  officer  of  the  Moncton  town 
council.  He  has  been  for  many  years  very 
active  in  Freemasonry,  and  is  a  past  master 
of  Keith  lodge;  past  first  principal  of  Bots- 
ford  Royal  Arch  Chapter;  a  member  of  the 
order  of  Knights  Templars,  and  has  taken 
other  advanced  degrees.  In  religion  he  is 
an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
He  was  married  August  llth,  1864,  to 
Mary,  second  daughter  of  the  late  Alex- 
ander Cowie,  M.D. 

Jonca§,  Louis  Zcphrin,  General 
Agent,  Grand  Eiver,  M.P.  for  Gaspe',  is  of 
Norman  descent,  and  was  born  at  Grand 
River,  in  the  county  of  Gaspe,  province  of 
Quebec,  on  the  26th  July,  1846.  His  par- 
ents were  Leon  Joncas  and  Esther  Beaudin. 
His  family  was  during  many  years  engaged 
in  the  fishing  industry.  Mr.  Joncas,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  received  his  education 
at  the  College  Masson,  in  Terrebonne,  near 
Montreal,  and  after  having  gone  through 
his  classical  course  of  studies  he  began 
studying  law  in  Montreal,  but  in  conse- 
quence of  ill  health  was  obliged  to  discon- 
tinue it  and  go  back  to  his  native  village, 
where  during  twelve  years  he  has  carried 
on  the  business  of  fish-curing.  In  1876 
Mr.  Joncas  was  appointed  sheriff  of  the 
county  of  Gaspe',  in  place  of  John  Short, 


and  this  office  he  held  until  the  20th  Feb- 
ruary, 1887,  when  he  resigned  to  run  for 
the  House  of  Commons.  Under  the  name 
and  style  of  L.  Z.  Joncas  &  Co.,  he  keeps 
at  Grand  River  a  general  agency  and  ac- 
countant's office.  In  1883  he  was  chosen 
by  the  Dominion  government  one  of  the 
commissioners  to  represent  Canada,  and 
more  especially  the  province  of  Quebec,  at 
the  International  Fisheries  Exhibition,  held 
in  London,  England,  and  in  this  capacity 
he  won  golden  opinions  both  from  the  Brit- 
ish and  from  the  Canadian  press.  At  the 
Fishery  Congress  in  connection  with  the 
International  Fisheries  Exhibition,  Mr.  Jon- 
cas read  a  paper  on  the  "  Fisheries  of  Can- 
ada," which  has  been  greatly  appreciated 
both  abroad  and  at  home.  Speaking  of  this 
lecture,  the  London  Canadian  Gazette  of 
the  5th  July,  1883,  said:  "At  a  conference 
held  on  Monday,  the  2nd  day  of  July  inst., 
at  the  Fisheries  Exhibition,  the  Hon.  A.W. 
McLelan,  minister  of  marine  of  Canada, 
presiding,  a  remarkably  comprehensive  and 
interesting  paper  upon  the  various  fisheries 
of  British  North  America  was  read  by  Mr. 
L.  Z.  Joncas,  one  of  the  Canadian  commis- 
sioners at  the  Exhibition.  The  subject  was 
a  large  one,  but  Mr.  Joncas'  practical 
knowledge  of  it  enabled  him  to  do  justice 
to  all  its  branches,  and  he  concentrated  hi 
his  paper  much  information  of  great  value 
upon  all  sections  of  the  trade.  We  hope  at 
an  early  date  to  give  some  extracts  from  it 
of  interest  to  our  readers.  By  order  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Exhibition  this 
work  has  been  published  and  thousands  of 
copies  are  being  distributed."  The  London 
Daily  2  elegraph,  alluding  to  the  same  pa- 
per, says:  "The  most  important  of  the 
papers  yet  read  at  the  International  confer- 
ence was  that  of  Monday,  2nd  instant.,  on 
the  'Fisheries  of  Canada,'  by  Mr.  L.  Z. 
Joncas,  one  of  the  executive  commissioners 
for  Canada,  which  was  at  once  able,  valu- 
able, and  as  far  as  possible  exhaustive." 
In  1884  Mr.  Joncas  was  asked  to  lecture  on 
the  same  subject  before  the  members  of  the 
British  Association  then  assembled  in  Mon- 
treal, and  he  read  a  paper  considering  the 
fisheries  from  an  economical  point  of  view. 
This  paper,  which  makes  a  pamphlet  of 
over  sixty  pages,  has  been  largely  distrib- 
uted both  in  Europe  and  in  Canada  by  the 
Dominion  government.  In  1887,  when  Dr. 
Fortin,  who  had  represented  Gaspe  in  the 
House  of  Commons  since  1867,  signified 


356 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


his  intention  of  resigning,  Mr.  Joncas  was 
asked  to  come  forward  by  a  large  number 
of  the  electors  of  Gaspd,  and  he  was  elected 
at  the  general  election  held  on  the  22nd 
March,  1887,  to  the  House  of  Commons  of 
Canada.  In  politics  he  is  an  independent 
Conservative;  and  in  religion  is  an  adherent 
of  the  Boman  Catholic  church.  On  the 
18th  July,  1870,  he  married  Emerentienne 
Blouin,  of  St.  Valier,  in  the  county  of 
Bellechasse,  province  of  Quebec,  a  sister  to 
the  Bight  Bev.  F.  A.  Blouin,  cure  of  Carle- 
ton,  Bonaventure  county,  and  general  vicar 
of  the  diocese  of  Bimouski,  P.Q. 

IvJiw,  William.  Shipping  and  Com- 
mission Merchant,  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia, 
M.P.P.  for  Yarmouth,  was  born  in  Belfast, 
Ireland,  on  5th  August,  1833,  and  in  Octo- 
ber, 1847,  he  came  to  Yarmouth.  Here  he 
remained  until  1849,  when  he  went  to  Oxford, 
in  the  state  of  Massachusetts,  and  did  busi- 
ness there  until  1855,  when  he  again  took  up 
his  abode  in  Yarmouth.  Since  that  time 
Mr.  Law  has  been  extensively  engaged  in 
business,  as  head  of  the  firm  of  William 
Law  &  Co.,  shipping  and  commission  mer- 
chants. In  1870  he  was  appointed  a  justice 
of  the  peace  for  Yarmouth  county.  He  has 
filled  the  office  of  president  of  the  Oriental 
Marine  Insurance  Company  for  eight  years; 
and  was  appointed  manager,  for  Nova  Sco- 
tia, of  the  Boston  Marine  Insurance  Com- 
pany, in  1881.  In  1886  he  was  chosen  to 
represent  Yarmouth  county  in  the  Nova  Sco- 
tia legislature.  In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal, 
and  is  a  strong  advocate  of  free  trade  and 
commercial  union  with  the  United  States. 
In  his  religious  views  he  is  an  independent. 
While  living  in  Oxford,  Mass.,  he  was  mar- 
•  ried  to  Mary  A.,  daughter  of  Enoch  and 
Abigail  Brown,  of  Douglas,  Mass.  Mr. 
Brown  represented  the  town  of  Douglas  in 
the  Massachusetts  legislature. 

Laurie,  John  U  minim.  Major- 
General,  Oakfield,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
on  the  1st  October,  1835,  in  London,  Eng- 
land. He  is  the  eldest  son  of  John  Laurie, 
M.P.  for  Barnstaple,  of  10  Hyde  Park  Ter- 
race, London,  and  Marshalls,  Havering,  and 
Bower,  in  Essex;  justice  of  the  peace  for 
Middlesex  and  Essex,  and  deputy-lieuten- 
ant for  both  counties.  His  mother  is  Eliza 
Helen  Collett,  youngest  daughter  of  Ken- 
rick  Collett,  master  in  Chancery,  of  Hoi- 
crofts,  Fulham,  Middlesex,  England.  Ma- 
jor-General  Laurie  received  his  education 
at  Harrow,  at  Dresden,  Saxony,  and  gradu- 


ated with  honors  at  the  Boyal  Military  Col- 
lege at  Sandhurst,  obtaining  a  commission 
without  purchase.  He  was  appointed  to 
the  2nd  Queen's  Boyals  in  depot,  in  1853, 
and  volunteered  for  active  service  against 
the  Bussians  in  1854,  and  appointed  to  the 
4th  King's  Own  regiment  of  foot.  With 
this  regiment  he  served  ten  months  at  the 
siege  and  fall  of  Sebastopol.  He  was  twice 
wounded  in  the  trenches,  and  was  men- 
tioned in  despatches  for  his  gallant  defence 
of  advanced  positions  against  a  largely  su- 
perior force  of  Bussians.  He  never  missed 
a  day's  duty  during  the  twenty  months  he 
spent  in  the  Crimea,  except  when  wounded. 
He  was  present  at  the  attacks  on  Sebastopol 
on  the  18th  June,  with  a  storming  party  on 
Barrack  battery  on  the  8th  September,  and 
at  the  capture  of  the  stronghold  on  the  9th 
September,  1855.  He  served  at  Mauritius 
in  1857,  to  keep  order  among  the  Indian 
coolies  during  the  excitement  consequent 
on  the  Indian  mutiny;  and  in  Central  In- 
dia against  the  rebellious  Sepoys  during 
1858-59-60,  as  staff  officer  of  a  field  force 
with  irregular  cavalry  and  camel  corps, 
making  forced  marches  in  the  Bewah  and 
Mahi  Kante  districts.  He  was  promoted  to- 
major,  unattached,  for  distinguished  service, 
in  1861.  In  1854  and  1856  Major  Laurie 
attended  the  School  of  Musketry  at  Hythe, 
and  took  a  prominent  part  in  introducing 
musketry  instruction  and  rifle  practice  in 
the  army.  He  passed  a  competitive  exami- 
nation, and  entered  Staff  College  at  Sand- 
hurst in  1861;  but  on  the  occurrence  of  the 
Trent  affair  he  volunteered  for  active  service, 
and  was  sent  to  Canada  to  organize  the 
militia,  and  was  retained  in  Nova  Scotia  by 
the  Marquis  of  Normanby  and  General  Sir 
Hastings  Doyle,  and  remained  as  inspecting 
field  officer  until  that  province  joined  the 
confederation.  In  1866  he  placed  15,000 
men  under  arms  to  repel  the  threatened 
Fenian  invasion,  and  also  took  over  the 
garrison  duties  at  Halifax,  so  that  the  regu- 
lar troops  might  go  to  the  New  Brunswick 
frontier.  In  1869  he  took  over  the  duties 
of  brigade  major,  and  succeeded  to  the 
position  of  deputy  adjutant-general  on  the 
death  of  Colonel  Sinclair,  continuing  in 
command  in  Nova  Scotia  until  1881,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  British  Columbia. 
When  on  leave  in  England,  in  1877,  he 
offered  to  raise  a  regiment  in  Canada  for 
active  service  against  the  Bussians,  and  for 
this  he  received  the  personal  thanks  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


357 


secretary  of  war;  and  in  1881  he  volunteer- 
ed and  accompanied  Sir  Frederick  Roberts 
to  South  Africa,  with  the  expedition  against 
the  Boers  of  the  Transvaal.  On  the  con- 
clusion of  peace  he  returned  and  assumed 
command  in  British  Columbia,  and  remain- 
ed there  until  1882,  in  which  year  he  was 
promoted,  by  selection,  to  the  rank  of  ma- 
jor-general in  the  army.  In  1885,  on  the 
outbreak  of  the  Servo-Bulgarian  war,  he  was 
appointed  commissioner  to  the  headquar- 
ters of  the  Servian  army,  under  the  Red 
Cross  Convention,  and  remained  until  the 
conclusion  of  peace  in  1886,  in  charge  of 
hospitals  organized  by  him,  and  in  carrying 
aid  to  the  wounded  and  those  suffering  from 
contagious  and  epidemic  diseases ;  and  with 
Baron  Mundy,  the  eminent  philanthropist 
of  Austria,  jointly  organized  an  ambulance 
train  for  the  conveyance  of  wounded 
from  the  field  by  railway  trains,  for  all  of 
which  services  he  received  the  personal  and 
repeated  thanks  of  the  King  and  Queen  of 
Servia,  as  well  as  of  the  Red  Cross  Society 
of  Great  Britain,  and  of  Austro-Hungary. 
On  the  outbreak  of  Riel's  rebellion  in  the 
North- West  of  Canada,  he  volunteered  for 
service  under  General  Middleton,  who  was 
his  junior  in  the  army,  and  after  joining  the 
advanced  column,  was  appointed  command- 
ant of  base  and  line  communication,  which 
position  he  filled  until  the  close  of  the  cam- 
paign. He  has  received,  as  decorations  for 
his  war  services :  from  her  Majesty,  Queen 
Victoria,  the  Crimean  medal,  with  clasp 
for  Sebastopol,  Indian  mutiny  medal  for 
Central  India,  North- West  Canada  medal; 
from  the  Sultan  of  Turkey  the  Russian  war 
medal  and  the  Imperial  Order  of  the  Med- 
jijie;  from  the  King  of  Servia  the  Servian 
war  medal  and  the  decoration  of  Knight 
Commander  of  the  order  of  St.  Sava;  and 
from  the  Queen  of  Servia,  the  order  of  the 
Red  Cross  for  saving  life.  Major-General 
Laurie  was  elected  councillor  for  the  dis- 
trict, and  first  warden  of  Halifax  county  on 
the  organization  of  the  municipality  in  18 79, 
and  again  in  1880.  He  was  appointed  a 
justice  of  the  peace  for  Halifax  county  in 
1869.  For  ten  years  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Provincial  Board  of  Agriculture  in 
Nova  Scotia,  and  has  been  active  in  organ- 
izing joint  stock  companies  for  the  develop- 
ment of  manufactures.  He  carries  on  a 
large  experimental  farm  at  Oakfield,  about 
twenty  miles  from  Halifax.  He  has  been 
elected  for  ten  years  grand  master  of  the 


Freemasons  of  Nova  Scotia ;  and  was  also 
president  of  the  St.  George's  Society  of 
Halifax ;  and  aided  in  organizing  the  Royal 
British  Veteran  Society,  a  self-supporting 
benefit  society,  composed  of  members  who 
have  served  in  the  army  or  navy,  and  of 
which  he  is  president.  He  contested  Shel- 
burne  county,  a  Liberal  stronghold,  at  the 
general  election  of  1887,  as  an  independent 
supporter  of  the  national  policy,  and  was 
defeated  by  thirty-four  votes.  During  the 
thirty-four  years  of  his  active  service,  Ma- 
jor-General Laurie  served  her  Majesty  in 
a  campaign  in  every  quarter  of  the  globe; 
has  written  descriptive  articles  for  the  con- 
temporary press,  and  was  called  upon  by 
the  Admiralty  authorities  in  Britain  to 
publish  his  views  as  to  the  most  suitable 
position  for  a  naval  base  for  Great  Britain 
in  the  Pacific.  He  is  a  strong  advocate  for 
closer  union  and  more  harmonious  united 
work  amongst  all  Evangelical  denomina- 
tions. He  married,  in  1863,  Frances  Robie, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Enos  Col- 
lins, of  Gorsebrook,  Halifax,  granddaughter 
of  the  late  Chief  Justice  Sir  Brenton  Hali- 
burton,  and  great- granddaughter  of  Bishop 
Inglis,  of  Nova  Scotia,  who,  as  rector  of 
Trinity  Church,  New  York,  at  the  time  of 
the  revolution,  continued  to  offer  prayers 
for  the  king,  although  levelled  guns  warned 
him  that  his  life  would  be  taken  unless  he 
desisted.  Two  sons  are  now  serving  in  the 
army:  the  elder  in  the  4th  King's  Own, 
in  which  General  Laurie  won  his  spurs,  and 
the  younger  in  the  old  86th,  now  the  Royal 
Irish  Rifles. 

Hall,  John  Smyl  lie,  Jun.,  B.A.,  B.C.L., 
Q.C.,  M.P.P.  for  Montreal  West,  is  a  native 
of  Montreal,  having  been  born  there  on  the 
7th  August,  1853.  He  is  the  son  of  John  S. 
Hall  and  Emma  Robins  Brigham.  Mr.  Hall, 
sen.,  was  a  member  of  the  old  firm  of  Grant, 
Hall  &  Co.,  extensive  lumbermen,  and  sub- 
sequently flour  millers.  Mr.  Hall,  jun.,  re- 
ceived his  primary  education  at  Bishop's 
College  School,  Lennoxville,  and  afterwards 
entered  McGill  University,  taking  the  de- 
gree of  B.A.  in  1874,  and  that  of  B.C.L.  in 
1875.  He  was  called  to  the  bar  in  1876, 
and  at  once  took  a  prominent  place.  He  is 
now  a  member  of  the  well-known  law  firm  of 
Chapleau,  Hall,  Nicholls  &  Brown.  He  has 
always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  educational 
matters.  In  1883  he  was  chosen  represen- 
tative fellow-in-law,  and  became  a  member 
of  the  corporation  of  McGill  University,  and 


358 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


re-elected  to  the  same  position  in  January, 
1886.  He  was  also  president  of  the  Uni- 
versity Literary  Society ;  in  1884  president 
of  the  Graduates'  Society;  and  in  1887  pre- 
sident of  the  University  Club.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Conservative,  and  an  active  member 
of  the  Junior  Conservative  Club,  occupying 
the  position  of  president  in  1885.  This 
year  (1887)  he  was  made  a  Q.C.  Mr.  Hall 
has  taken  an  active  interest  in  the  volunteer 
force,  and  is  now  a  captain  in  the  Montreal 
Field  Battery  of  Artillery.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Church  of  England;  and  on  the 
3rd  January,  1883,  married  Victoria  Brig- 
ham,  daughter  of  the  late  T.  C.  Brigham, 
of  Ottawa.  At  the  last  general  election  for 
the  province  of  Quebec,  Mr.  Hall  contested 
Montreal  West  against  G.  W.  Stephens, 
Liberal,  and  W.  W.  Kobertson,  working- 
man's  candidate,  for  a  seat  in  the  Quebec 
legislature,  and  was  returned  by  a  majority 
of  127  over  Mr.  Stephens,  and  1,000  over 
Mr.  Kobertson. 

JLabelle,  Rev.  Francois  Xavier 
Antoine,  the  "  Apostle  of  Colonization," 
Parish  Priest,  St.  Jerome,  county  of  Terre- 
bonne,  Province  of  Quebec,  was  born  in 
the  village  of  Ste.  Rose,  Laval  county,  on 
the  14th  November,  1834,  his  father  being 
Antoine  Labelle,  a  master  shoemaker,  who 
was  married  to  Angelique  Mayer.  In  1844 
he  was  sent  to  the  Seminary  of  Ste.  The"rese, 
and  in  that  institution  completed  a  full 
course  of  classical  studies.  He  was  chiefly 
remarkable  at  college  for  his  sound  judg- 
ment and  his  happy  and  retentive  memory. 
The  consideration  he  enjoyed  among  his 
fellow- students  caused  him  to  be  chosen 
president  of  the  Grammar  Society,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Literary  Society  of  the 
college.  His  favorite  studies  were  history 
and  philosophy,  and  his  favorite  authors 
DeMaistre,  Balmes,  DeBonald,  and  Nicho- 
las, chiefly  the  latter,  whom  he  possessed 
almost  by  heart,  and  thereby  gained  the 
surname  of  "  Nicholas,"  given  him  by  his 
companions.  He  chose  the  ecclesiastical 
state,  and  received  the  first  of  the  minor 
orders  in  1852,  at  the  Seminary  of  Ste. 
The"rese,  where  during  three  years  he  was 
a  teacher,  performing  at  the  same  time  the 
humble  duties  of  recreation  room  master 
and  attendant  of  the  convocation  room. 
In  1855  he  went  to  the  Grand  Seminary  of 
Montreal,  where  he  devoted  himself  exclu- 
sively to  the  study  of  theology.  He  was 
only  twenty-two  years  old  when  he  was  or- 


dained priest,  in  1856,  in  his  native  village, 
by  Mgr.  Pinsonneault,  eight  days  after  the 
consecration  of  that  prelate.  By  virtue  of 
an  edict  of  the  Holy  See  the  privilege  of 
ordaining  a  certain  number  of  priests  before 
they  had  attained  the  required  age,  was 
granted  to  the  bishop  of  Montreal,  and 
Father  Labelle  was  one  of  the  first  on  whom 
the  honor  was  conferred.  He  was  appointed 
vicar  to  Father  Vinet,  since  promoted  to 
the  dignity  of  prelate  to  the  Holy  See, 
then  parish  priest  of  the  beautiful  and 
wealthy  parish  of  Sault-au-Becollet.  The 
young  vicar  rendered  great  services  to  his 
cure  in  the  difficulties  the  latter  had  to  en- 
counter in  connection  with  the  building  of 
the  Convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart.  Father 
Labelle  resided  two  years  and  a  half  in  the 
parish  of  Sault-au-Becollet,  and  the  parish- 
ioners expressed  the  livliest  regret  when 
he  was  sent  to  help  the  parish  priest  of  St. 
Jacques-le-Mineur,  Bev.  Father  Morin,  who 
required  rest;  in  this  parish  he  resided  nine 
months.  In  1859  he  was  appointed  parish 
priest  of  St.  Antoine  Abbe,  a  mixed  parish 
on  the  border.  Here  he  had  many  difficul- 
ties to  smooth  over  as  first  resident  curt  of 
this  parish,  which  had  been  divided  in  two 
for  civil  purposes  by  the  division  of  the 
counties  of  Huntingdon  and  Chateauguay. 
In  the  midst  of  the  greatest  obstacles  he 
had  to  create  everything;  he  succeeded, 
however,  in  having  the  parish  civilly  erect- 
ed and  organized  as  a  scholastic  and  muni- 
cipal corporation,  in  spite  of  the  electoral 
influences  which  prevented  him  from  attain- 
ing his  aim  immediately.  Religious  em- 
barrassments also  existed,  but  thanks  to  the 
energy  and  tact  displayed  by  Father  La- 
belle,  these  were  overcome.  The  impetus 
given  to  St.  Antoine  Abb^  during  the  four 
years'  residence  of  the  cure  in  that  parish, 
placed  it  in  the  way  of  progress,  and  it  is  at 
the  present  day  one  of  the  most  prosperous 
in  the  province  of  Quebec.  A  few  years  ago 
the  humble  chapel,  which  had  been  erected 
in  the  first  days  of  the  village,  was  demol- 
ished, and  in  its  place  stands  one  of  the 
finest  church  edifices  in  the  county.  It 
was  here  that  Bev.  Father  Labelle  experi- 
enced a  deep  sorrow  in  the  death  of  his  fa- 
ther, who  had  followed  the  fortunes  of  his 
only  son.  In  1863  he  was  sent  to  Lacolle 
by  his  bishop,  Mgr.  Bourget,  who  had  had 
occasion  to  appreciate  his  energy  and  char- 
ity. Grave  difficulties  had  arisen,  owing 
to  the  choice  of  a  site  for  a  new  church, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


359 


which  had  been  selected  outside  of  the  vil- 
lage as  the  centre  of  the  parish,  causing 
division,  fed  by  a  few  Protestants,  who  went 
even  so  far  as  to  offer  help  to  build  the 
church  in  the  village.   When  Father  Labelle 
arrived  to  take  the  place  of  Father  Bourbon  - 
nais,  the  situation   was  almost  desperate; 
but  the  inhabitants  of  St.  Antoine  predicted 
to  those  of  Lacolle  that  nothing  would  re- 
sist the  efforts  of  their  new  pastor.     And, 
in  fact,  despite  the  intelligence  and  wealth 
in  league  against  him,  despite  the  efforts  of 
the  Protestants  who  owned  the  greater  por- 
tion of  the  territory,  he  succeeded  through 
perseverance  and  diplomatic  acuteness  to 
make  Lacolle  what  it  is  to-day,  one  of  the 
finest  villages  in  the  country.     When  he 
left  the  parish,  both  Protestants  and  Cath- 
olics recognized  his  ability  and  admitted 
the  justice  of  his  previous  claims.     It  was 
during  his  sojourn  in  Lacolle  that  the  Fe- 
nian invasion  of  1866  took  place.     The  spot 
offered  an  easy  access  to  the  enemy,  being 
at  the  entrance  of  the  plain  leading  to  St. 
John's.     The  patriotism  roused  by  the  cure, 
however,  in  the  hearts  of  his  parishioners 
caused   the    enemies   of    the    country    to 
choose  another  point  to  enter  Canada.    "  If 
the  Fenians  come  here,"  the  pastor  said,  "  I 
will   place  myself   at  your  head  to  repel 
them."     In  1868  he  was  transferred  to  the 
curacy  of  St.  Jerome.     After  having  passed 
his  first  years  of  priesthood  in  the  midst  of 
struggles,  it  was  a  welcome  change  to  the 
good  man  to  settle  in  a  quiet  and  well  or- 
ganized parish.     He  fell  on  his  knees  on 
the  threshold  of  his  presbytery  to  return 
thanks  to  God  for  his  mercy.     H  e  discover- 
ed in  his  parishioners  the  spirit  of   union, 
so  efficacious  in  the  performance  of  noble 
works.  The  site  of  the  village,  the  progress 
already  made,  the  intelligence  and  ambition 
of  its  inhabitants,  everything  tended  to  fore- 
bode an  era  of  happiness  such  as  he  had 
never   before   experienced.     He   knew  the 
North  only  from  geographical  descriptions 
and  hearsay ;  but  the  position  of  St.  Jerome 
at  the  foot  of  the  Laurentian  mountains,  in 
that  broad  and  fertile  valley  of  the  Ottawa 
river,  opened  up  to  his  view  the  perspective 
of  a  vast  field  for  the  exercise  of  his  patriot- 
ism.     He  wanted  to  convince   himself   de 
visu  of  the  resources  of  the  country,  and 
with  that  end'  in  view,  he  organized  an  ex- 
pedition to  explore  the  valley  to  its  most 
extreme  limits,  and  he  returned  with  the 
conviction  that  this  vast  plain  should  be  the 


cradle  of  a  numerous  and  vigorous  popula- 
tion, whose  industry  and  needs  would  de- 
velop an  important  trade.  The  best  means 
to  attain  that  end,  he  thought,  was  to  build 
a  railroad,  which,  reaching  the  Gatineau, 
would  in  after  years  be  an  immense  feeder 
to  Montreal,  whilst  helping  to  colonize  that 
part  of  the  province;  for  he  had  found, 
during  his  voyage,  a  fertile  soil  and  a 
wealth  of  timber  and  minerals  hardly  sur- 
passed in  any  other  part  of  the  Dominion. 
He  was  also  thinking  of  the  great  num- 
ber of  willing  and  vigorous  workers  who, 
after  receiving  so  many  favors  in  their  na- 
tive land,  left  it  to  go  and  enrich  the  for- 
eigner, while  their  own  country's  resources 
were  undeveloped  for  the  want  of  their 
sturdy  sinews.  "  Any  subject,"  he  would 
say,  "  who  willingly  leaves  the  benevolent 
shadow  of  the  British  flag,  proves  a  loss  to 
the  country  and  an  evil  to  the  subject." 
Before  undertaking  to  build  a  railroad, 
however,  colonization  roads  must  be  built, 
the  country  must  be  opened;  so  he  turn- 
ed his  attention  to  the  roads  at  once. 
Public  men  know  what  it  costs  to  obtain 
favors  from  a  government  which,  in  spite 
of  its  patriotism  and  good-will,  is  often- 
times hampered  in  the  distribution  of  its 
favors.  The  influences  of  the  southern 
part  of  the  province,  which  set  up  the 
plea  that  they  had  not  obtained  enough 
at  the  hands  of  the  government,  tempered 
the  generous  impulses  of  the  ministers. 
To  this  Father  Labelle  offered  a  strong  ar- 
gument: "The  south  has  received  a  great 
deal,  the  north  almost  nothing;  when  the 
south  receives,  the  north  derives  no  benefit; 
whilst,  when  the  north  is  prosperous,  the 
overflow  of  its  wealth  benefits  the  south." 
He  begged  and  supplicated,  but  was  re- 
pulsed. Nothing  daunted,  he  kept  asking. 
"  I  wish  you  would  send  your  cure  to  his 
parishioners,"  a  minister  said  one  day  to 
the  member  for  Terrebonne.  "You  can  do 
that  yourself,"  said  the  latter;  "if  he  an- 
noys you,  give  him  what  he  ask0,  otherwise 
you  will  never  get  rid  of  him."  After  months 
of  waiting  and  innumerable  requests,  the 
ministry  acquiesced  to  the  just  demands  of 
the  north,  and  granted  subsidies  according 
to  the  means  at  the  disposal  of  the  govern- 
ment. Let  us  say  right  here  that  the  zeal  of 
Father  Labelle  was  vigorously  seconded  by 
the  Hon.  Mr.  Chapleau,  who  has  always 
done  all  he  could  in  the  interest  of  his  con- 
stituents, and  also  by  the  Hon.  Mr.  Massou, 


360 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  late  lieutenant-governor  of  the  Province 
of  Quebe,  and  the  then  representative  of  the 
county  in  the  House  of  Commons.  The 
zealous  priest  was  also  sustained  by  the 
successive  administrations  of  the  province, 
and  by  the  sympathy  and  energy  of  the 
citizens  of  St.  Jerome,  among  whom  may 
be  mentioned  Messrs.  Lavioiette,  M.  J.  B. 
Lefebvre-Villemure,  Prevost,  de  Montigny, 
William  Scott,  J.  A.  Hervieux,  and  many 
others.  The  whole  parish  is  in  accord  with 
its  cure,  for,  in  French  Canada,  when  works 
of  public  utility  are  in  view,  political  divis- 
ions are  laid  aside.  The  priests  of  the  ad- 
joining parishes  also  accorded  a  loyal  and 
energetic  support  to  Father  Labelle.  The 
principal  work  of  this  indefatigable  man  is 
certainly  the  railroad  commenced  under  his 
auspices,  known  at  first  under  the  name  of 
"  Cheinin  &  lisses  de  bois,"  but  laid  to-day 
with  steel  rails.  His  matchless  energy  was 
displayed  in  its  construction  ;  and  in  the 
pursuit  of  this  object  he  undertook  strug- 
gles, voyages,  writing,  etc.,  the  recital  of 
which  would  be  the  recital  of  the  stormy 
beginnings  of  two  great  railways  which  at 
the  present  day  are  the  pride  of  the  coun- 
try. Father  Labelle  has  always  looked  upon 
the  "  Colonization  Railroad  of  the  North  " 
as  part  of  the  Canadian  Pacific,  and  also 
took  a  great  interest  in  the  latter,  which  he 
considered  as  the  artery  destined  to  carry 
the  wealth  of  the  West,  as  well  as  the  trea- 
sures of  Japan  and  China,  to  our  seaports 
through  Canadian  territory,  favoring  and 
feeding  industry  and  commerce  all  along 
its  immense  length.  He  admired  the  plan 
of  Sir  George  E.  Cartier,  and  regretted  the 
failure  of  Sir  Hugh  Allan,  through  the  in- 
trigues of  his  opponents,  in  his  attempt  to 
float  the  loan  necessary  to  its  construction. 
He  foresaw,  in  the  construction  of  the  Pa- 
cific Railway,  a  powerful  means  of  immi- 
gration, and  calculated  that  in  ten  years, 
the  indirect  contributions  paid  by  the  new 
settlers  into  the  Federal  treasury,  and  the 
increase  in  value  of  the  North- West  lands, 
would  pay  the  largest  portion  of  the  debt 
contracted  for  the  undertaking.  It  is  need- 
less to  add  that  his  predictions  were  correct, 
as  it  has  been  amply  proved  since.  His 
appreciation  of  the  advantages  and  disad- 
vantages offered  by  the  diverse  routes  pro- 
posed, reveal  the  foresight  of  a  true  states- 
man. He  worked  also  in  the  interest  of  the 
North  Shore  road,  and  helped  it  by  his 
writings,  visits  and  timely  interference  at 


critical  periods  But  his  favorite  road  has 
always  been  the  Colonization  road.  He 
is  called  its  father,  and  he  cannot  possibly 
disclaim  his  offspring.  He  said  one  time, 
on  the  occasion  of  a  visit  paid  him  by  the 
members  of  the  Montreal  press,  that  such 
children  were  the  only  ones  the  members 
of  his  calling  were  allowed  to  beget.  At 
the  same  time  he  thanked  the  newspapers 
for  the  tender  care  they  had  exercised  in 
nursing  and  clothing  his  child.  If  doubts 
existed  on  any  one's  mind  as  to  the  im- 
portant share  of  glory  accruing  to  Father 
Labelle  on  account  of  this  work,  the  follow- 
ing extracts  which  were  communicated  to 
us  by  an  indiscreet  friend  of  the  cure  of  St. 
Jerome,  would  be  sufficient  to  dissipate 
them.  Sir  Hugh  Allan  wrote  him  on  the 
25th  July,  1883:— 

MY  DEAR  FATHER  LABELLE,— You  have  been 
happy  to  hear,  I  am  sure,  that  the  contract  for 
the  construction  of  the  Colonization  railroad  has 
at  last  been  signed.  This  result  is  in  a  great 
measure  due  to  your  industry  and  increasing  ef- 
forts, and  if  there  is  a  man  who  ought  to  reap  any 
glory  from  the  completion  of  this  work,  that  man 
is  yourself. 

The  Hon.  Mr.  Abbott  wrote  from  London, 
under  date  May  5,  1873:— 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  your  holy  office  should 
prevent  you  from  occupying  in  the  enterprise  the 
position  to  which  your  efforts  and  influence  en- 
title you.  I  know,  however,  that  the  satisfaction 
of  having  accomplished  a  good  work  on  behalf  of 
your  countrymen  will  reward  you  sufficiently, 
from  your  own  standpoint,  for  the  important 
help  you  have  given  us  from  the  beginning. 

To-day  the  road  is  completed,  and  who- 
ever is  entitled  to  merit  should  receive  it. 
Everyone  knows  that  in  consequence  of  un- 
foreseen difficulties  the  future  of  the  road 
was  threatened  even  after  the  work  had  been 
undertaken.  Father  Labelle  had  arranged 
to  get  one  million  dollars  voted  by  the  city 
of  Montreal,  and  he  induced  the  ministry  of 
the  province  to  take  the  road  under  its  con- 
trol and  to  complete  it.  It  is  also  said  that 
the  idea  of  getting  the  "  Grand  Trunk  of 
the  North  "  built  by  the  government  origi- 
nated with  him.  The  part  he  had  taken  in 
these  events  was  recognized  in  a  measure 
by  the  commissioners  who  named  one  of 
the  first  engines  placed  on  the  line,  "  Rev. 
A.  Labelle."  On  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of 
Father  Labelle' s  birthday,  at  a  dinner  given 
at  St.  Jerome,  on  the  29th  November,  1884, 
were  gathered  together  ministers,  journal- 
ists, members  of  parliament,  aldermen  and 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


361 


representative  men  from  all  parts  of  the 
province,  and  all  with  common  accord  ap- 
plauded the  work  he  had  done.  And  we 
may  say  here  that  the  tact  he  displayed  in 
the  circumstance  justified  what  had  been 
said  of  him  on  a  previous  occasion  by  a 
citizen  distinguished  among  his  English  and 
Protestant  brethren:  " Father  Labelle,"  he 
said,  "  should  be  prime  minister  of  Canada 
intead  of  curd  of  St.  Jerome."  The  follow- 
ing is  an  extract  of  a  speech  delivered  on 
that  eventful  occasion : — 

Father  Labelle  to-day  can  look  back  on  thirty 
years  of  feverish  and  unceasing  activity  ;  thirty 
years  of  courageous  and  plodding  energy  ;  his  ca- 
reer has  been  stormy  rather  than  peaceful,  and 
has  already  borne  more  abundant  fruit  than  many 
ordinary  existences,  His  physical  health  is  good, 
but  requires  a  rest  which  the  will  instinctively 
refuses  on  account  of  this  fever  of  labor  and  ac- 
tivity which  unceasingly  devours  and  consumes. 
The  mind  is  ever  vigorous  and  keenly  perceptive, 
while  the  intellect  and  judgment  have  ripened 
under  the  influence  of  work  and  time,  and  to-day 
the  results  are  most  abundant  and  precious.  The 
nature  of  our  good  cure  is  so  full  of  vigor  and  ex- 
uberance that  in  his  fiftieth  year  he  spreads  move- 
ment, activity  and  life  everywhere  around  him  ; 
his  character  is  so  essentially  expansive  that  his 
ideas,  his  projects,  his  hopes,  so  clearly  elucidated, 
pervade  those  who  come  in  contact  with  him.  He 
carries  so  much  conviction  that  one  must  needs 
yield  to  him.  Is  it  astonishing  that  he  should 
have  wielded,  in  all  spheres,  an  influence  often 
dominating  and  decisive  ?  The  grandeur  of  con- 
ception, the  vigor  displayed  in  the  execution  of 
the  most  difficult  enterprises,  his  proverbial  dis- 
interestedness, his  sound  judgment  constantly 
seconded  by  deep  and  varied  studies,  an  astonish- 
ing memory,  a  character  bending  itself  to  the 
most  dissimilar  circumstances,  unassailable  hon- 
esty of  purpose,  an  openness  of  heart  which  has 
always  proved  to  him  the  best  of  policies,  are  cer- 
tainly, among  others,  enough  qualities  to  make 
him,  perhaps,  the  most  popular  and  most  enlight- 
ened man  of  our  country.  His  influence  has  been 
felt  everywhere.  His  counsels  have  ever  been 
wise  and  cautious.  His  practical  mind  was  never 
embarrassed  by  the  most  difficult  problems  of 
theology  or  social  and  political  economy.  His 
courage  has  ever  been  undaunted,  either  before 
obstacles  or  adversaries,  and  his  honesty  has  nev- 
er flinched  or  given  way  to  the  wiles  of  a  corrupt 
world.  The  holy  robes  he  wears  have  never  been 
soiled,  and  at  the  present  time  they  are  as  im- 
maculate as  on  the  day  the  young  Levite  donned 
them  to  devote  himself  to  the  service  of  the  Di- 
vine Master.  As  the  drop  of  water,  slowly  and 
patiently  wending  its  way  through  the  obstacles 
which  men  and  accidents  may  throw  on  its  pas- 
sage ;  as  the  impetuous  torrent  upsetting  all  ob- 
stacles in  its  mad  race,  Father  Labelle  has  suc- 
ceeded in  all  his  enterprises  ;  but  then  these  en- 
terprises were  great,  they  were  national,  they 
were  undertaken  in  the  interest  of  religion  and 
for  the  welfare  of  the  country,  and  only  those  who 
were  traitors  to  their  religion  and  their  country 
were  opposed  to  their  execution.  Is  it  to  be  won- 


dered at,  under  such  conditions,  that  he  was  en- 
abled to  occupy  the  most  difficult  positions  and 
master  fortresses,  until  his  advent  thought  im- 
pregnable ?  He  was  never  known,  however,  to 
soil  his  hands  with  the  booty  of  the  vanquished, 
to  take  a  share  of  the  spoils  of  the  victor,  or  im- 
pose hard  and  unjust  conditions  under  the  assump- 
tion that  might  is  right.  He  never  exalted  his 
victories  over  the  weakness  of  those  he  disarmed. 
He  always  looked  forward  to  the  triumph  of  truth 
and  justice  and  the  greatness  of  our  country  ;  not 
to  the  humiliation  of  men  and  the  abasement  of 
character,  Richelieu  once  said  :  '  I  never  under- 
take anything  without  mature  reflection  ;  but  my 
resolution  once  taken,  I  go  straight  to  the  end  I 
have  in  view  ;  I  break  all  obstacles  and  I  cover 
the  whole  with  my  purple  robe.'  In  his  case  the 
prince  of  the  church  gave  way  to  the  statesman. 
In  the  latter  respect,  it  was  not  Richelieu  who 
was  the  model  of  Father  Labelle.  But  let  us 
change  the  scene  ;  we  will  transport  ourselves  to 
a  more  genial  climate,  far  from  the  tainted  atmos- 
phere of  the  court  of  Louis  XIII. .  far  from  the 
bloody  fields  of  battle,  of  murder  and  assassina- 
tion, where  Richelieu  had  to  play  his  rdle  of 
statesman,  and  we  will  find,  from  the  Canadian 
standpoint,  a  great  similarity  of  character  and 
works  between  the  great  French  minister  and  the 
humble  Canadian  priest  who,  in  the  course  of  a 
few  years,  will  change  the  face  of  a  considerable 
portion  of  this  province.  The  former  contributed 
in  large  measure  to  the  foundation  of  the  colony  ; 
the  latter,  when  his  colonization  scheme  will  be 
realized  in  all  the  grandeur  of  its  conception,  will 
have  doubled  the  value,  the  wealth,  the  power  of 
our  province  ;  both  will  have  had  the  same  ener- 
gy and  the  same  courage  ;  on  a  different  theatre, 
they  will  have  obtained  wonderful  success.  Let 
me  add  that  the  life  of  Father  Labelle  is  an  illus- 
trious example  to  those  who  aim  at  being  true 
patriots  :  to  serve  God  and  country.  He  is  one 
of  the  most  accomplished  types  of  that  hardy 
Franco-Canadian  race  which  is  called  upon  to  ac- 
complish grand  and  noble  deeds,  provided  its  de- 
scendants remember  the  history  of  its  origin,  its 
struggles  and  its  triumphs  ;  and  rise  to  the  height 
of  the  mission  assigned  them  by  Providence.  To 
attain  that  end  they  must  set  aside  the  cruel 
broils  of  politics,  the  rancour  of  partyisrn  we  wit- 
ness to-day,  and  they  must  work  together  for  the 
common  good  of  our  common  country,  and,  fol- 
lowing the  example  of  the  beloved  pastor,  take 
as  a  motto  :  'Energy,  faith  in  God,  and  hope  in 
the  futxire.'  The  true  Franco- Canadian  race,  the 
French-Catholic  race,  has  become  incarna:  e  in 
the  large  heart  of  Father  Labelle,  and  even  to-day 
a  monument  might  be  raised  to  him  bearing  the 
inscription  dedicated  to  the  heroes  of  all  times 
and  all  climes  :  'To  Father  Labelle,  a  tribute  of 
love  from  a  grateful  country.' 

Father  Labelle' s  winning  affability  is 
proverbial,  and  in  the  midst  of  his  enor- 
mous labors  he  always  finds  a  moment  to 
speak  on  any  subject  that  might  be  of  in- 
terest to  his  listeners.  Ever  ready  to  help 
the  humblest  of  his  parishioners,  his  gener- 
osity often  oversteps  the  limit  of  his  means, 
for  he  has  not  the  leisure  to  figure  up  his 
fortune.  The  following  incident  is  an  ex- 


362 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


ample  of  his  charity,  which  we  publish  at 
the  risk  of  raising  his  ire:  During  a  very 
severe   winter  the  price  of  cordwood  had 
risen  in  the  city  of  Montreal  to  the  fabulous 
figure  of  $20  a  cord,  owing  to  a  "  combine  " 
of  men  who  would  have  been  insulted  had 
anyone  dared  to  assert  that  they  were  not 
honest.     Father  Labelle  called  on  his  par- 
ishioners, in  the  name  of  charity,  to  help 
the  poor  of  Montreal  in  their  sore  need  of 
fuel,  and  the  result  was  that  an  immense 
procession  of  sleds  loaded  with  cordwood, 
the  good  cure  leading,  was  seen  wending 
its  way  from  St.  Jerome  to  Montreal  ( a  dis- 
tance of  thirty-three  miles),  and  there  distri- 
buted to  the  most  needy  and  deserving  poor 
of  the  city.    This  generous  action  was  re- 
peated the  following  winter.     Besides  his 
railroad  undertakings,  Father  Labelle  has 
been  the  means  of  a  college  being  built  in 
St.  Jerome  ;  a  three-story  brick  building, 
having  a  frontage  of    eighty  feet,  with  a 
lateral  chapel,  where  the  youth  of  the  sur- 
rounding district  receive  a  commercial,  agri- 
cultural, and  religious  education  under  the 
direction  of  the  Rev.  Fathers  of  the  Holy 
Cross.     As  soon  as  the  railroad  was  com- 
pleted to  St.  Jerome,  Father  Labelle  under- 
took to  supply  the  necessary  traffic.     He 
is  convinced    that    the    Laurentian   range 
contains  considerable  mineral  wealth,  and 
geological    reports   prove    his    assertions. 
With  the  view  of  working  and  developing 
these    mines,    he    immediately  applied    at 
every  door  to  raise  the  necessary  capital. 
His  parishioners  subscribed  a  few  thousand 
dollars;  but  the  resources  are  so  slender, 
and  the  expenses  so  heavy  to  start  on  a 
solid  basis,  that  he  must  receive  more  sub- 
stantial help.     It  may  be  said,  by  the  way, 
that   minerals   being   one  of   the  greatest 
sources  of  wealth  of  a  country,  there  is  no 
reason  why  the  government  should  not  give 
grants  to  the  energetic  men  who  undertake 
to  search  for  those  treasures  in  a  practical 
manner.    His  many  and  varied  occupations 
do  not  interfere  with  the  exemplary  regu- 
larity of  the  exercise  of  his  holy  ministry. 
His  sermons  are  always  remarkable  for  their 
characteristic  clearness  and  practical  com- 
mon sense.   Thoroughly  orthodox,  he  never 
deviates  from   the  strict   doctrines  of   his 
church,  which  he  believes  accords  with  pro- 
gress ;  as  a  result,  in  his  parish,  church  and 
state  go  hand-in-hand,  to  the  satisfaction 
of  all  parties.     Far  from  feeling  any  pride 
in  his  successes,  he  makes  them  subservient 


to  the  glory  of  God,  the  primary  cause  and 
author  of   all  greatness.     The  theological 
lore  of  Father  Labelle  is  very  profound,  and 
he  has  had  many  occasions  to  elucidate  very 
intricate  questions.     His  lordship,  Bishop 
Duhamel,  honored  him  with  his  confidence, 
and  delegated  to  him  a  part  of  his  power 
for  the  purpose  of  erecting  canonical  par- 
ishes in  the  southern  part  of  his  diocese. 
Right  Rev.  Mgr.  Conroy,  delegated  by  the 
Holy  See  to  adjust  certain  differences  which 
had  arisen  in  Canada  in  connection  with 
the  establishment  of  the  branch  of  Laval 
University,  at  Montreal,  wrote  the  follow- 
ing letter  to  Father  Labelle,  on  the  19th 
March,  1877 :  "  I  reckon  on  your  great  and 
well-deserved  influence.     I  shall  always  be 
glad  to  see  you,  and  I  shall  do  my  best  to 
meet  your  wishes  as  far  as  I  possibly  can 
do  so."      After  the  decision  of  the  Holy 
See  in  favor  of  Laval,  Father  Labelle  was 
one  of  the  most  energetic  workers,  and  did 
no  small   amount  of   work  in   connection 
with  the  establishment  of  the  branch  uni- 
versity in  Montreal.    The  late  Bishop  Bour- 
get  was  ably  seconded  by  Father  Labelle 
in  the  erection,  for  civil  purposes,  of  the 
new  parishes  of  Montreal.     After  the  Gui- 
bord  case  had  been  settled,  a  bill  was  passed 
to  prevent  the  recurrence  of  such  difficul- 
ties and  to  meet  the  views  of  her  Majesty, 
Queen   Victoria,    as   intimated  by  her   to 
Lord   Dufferin;    Father   Labelle   was    en- 
trusted with  the  drawing  up  of   the  bill. 
He  was  also  instrumental,   and  did  more 
than  his  share  of  the  work,   both  here  and 
at  Rome,  to  obtain  the  division  of  the  eccle- 
siastical provinces  of  Montreal  and  Ottawa. 
Since  1883,  he  has  been  sent  to  France  by 
the  Federal  government  for  the  purpose  of 
making  our  country  better  known  in  Europe 
and  promoting  more  extended  commercial 
relations.     At  the  present  time  (1887),  he 
is  engaged  on  the  extension  of  the  Montreal 
and  Western  Railway  to  Lake  Temiscam- 
ingue,  and  there  are  already  seventy  miles 
under  contract.     He  is  also  interested  in  a 
new  cattle  ranche  at  Wood  Mountain,  near 
Regina,  N.W.T.,  etc.     We  cannot  conclude 
this  imperfect   sketch  without   mentioning 
the   charming  bonhomie  which   in  Father 
Labelle's  case,  takes  the  place  of  the  most 
refined  courteousness.     When  his  wine  cel- 
lar is  empty,  his  smoking-room  is  abund- 
antly supplied,  and  in  either  case  he  receives 
the  most  illustrious  men  of  the  country  with 
the    greatest  ease.      Let  us    add  that   his 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


363 


venerable  mother,  who  presides  over  the  in- 
ternal administration  of  his  household,  con- 
tributes, by  her  politeness  and  kind  atten- 
tions, to  make  the  presbytery  of  St.  Jerome 
the  most  popular  resort  of  the  surrounding 
parishes.  The  priests  of  the  neighborhood 
and  the  notable  men  of  the  province  fre- 
quently visit  the  worthy  pastor  when  in 
need  of  information,  or  in  quest  of  rest  and 
relaxation  from  their  onerous  duties. 

Hale,  Frederick  Harding,  Lum- 
ber Merchant,  Woodstock,  M.P.  for  Carle- 
ton,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at  North- 
ampthon,  in  the  county  of  Carleton,  N.B., 
on  the  8th  December,  1844.  His  father, 
Martin  Hale,  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  came 
to  Canada,  when  a  child,  with  his  parents. 
His  mother  was  Hulda  Dickinson,  daughter 
of  Harding  Dickinson,  a  U.  E.  loyalist. 
Mr.  Hale  received  his  education  in  the 
schools  in  Carleton  county;  and  afterwards 
turned  his  attention  to  mercantile  pursuits, 
and  for  the  last  twenty-five  years  has  been 
heavily  engaged  in  the  manufacture  and 
sale  of  all  kinds  of  lumber  at  Northampton 
and  Woodstock.  A  few  years  ago  he  enter- 
ed the  political  arena,  and  at  the  general 
election  held  in  the  spring  of  1887  was 
elected  to  represent  the  county  of  Carleton 
in  the  Dominion  parliament  at  Ottawa.  Mr. 
Hale  is  a  director  of  the  St.  John  Valley  Bail- 
way.  He  takes  an  interest  in  Masonry,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Woodstock  lodge;  and 
also  a  member  of  the  Woodstock  Royal 
Arch  Chapter.  In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal; 
and  in  religion  an  adherent  of  the  Free 
Baptist  church.  Mr.  Hale  has  been  twice 
married.  On  the  20th  June,  1869,  to  Rhoda, 
daughter  of  the  late  George  McGee;  she 
died  on  the  16th  June,  1870.  And  on  the 
17th  June,  1873,  to  Emma  E.,  daughter  of 
Moses  Boyer. 

Nelles,  Nam ue I  Sobieaki,  D.D., 
LL.D.,  who  died  at  Cobourg,  on  the  17th 
October,  1887,  on  his  sixty -fourth  birthday, 
was  born  of  worthy  Methodist  parents  at 
Mount  Pleasant,  near  Brantford,  Ontario, 
on  17th  October,  1823.  He  attended  the 
Lewiston  Academy,  New  York,  during  1839 
and  1840,  under  the  tutorship  of  the  poet, 
J.  G.  Saxe,  whose  peculiarly  pungent  wit 
the  doctor  often  rivalled  in  after  life.  The 
year  following  he  entered  the  Genesee 
Wesleyan  Seminary,  where  he  was  convert- 
ed and  where  he  connected  himself  with  the 
Methodist  church.  Two  years  later  he 
became  one  of  the  two  first  matriculating 


students  at  Victoria  University,  Cobourg, 
the  institution  that  was  afterwards  to 
achieve  prosperity  under  his  guidance,  then 
presided  over  by  Rev.  Egerton  Ryerson, 
D.D.  During  the  two  subsequent  years 
spent  at  Victoria  College  he  obtained  a  local 
preacher's  license,  and  distinguished  him- 
self, the  venerable  Dr.  Carroll  says,  for 
"  intellect  and  eloquence."  Seeking  his 
degree  at  an  older  institution,  he  graduated 
at  the  Wesleyan  University,  Middleton, 
Conn.,  in  1846,  and  spent  the  next  year  as 
head  master  of  the  Newburgh  Academy, 
whence  he  was  recommended  to  the  minis- 
try by  the  Napanee  Quarterly  Official  Board. 
In  1847  he  was  received  on  trial  at  Port 
Hope,  and  preached  during  1848  and  1849 
at  Toronto  East,  in  the  old  Adelaide  street 
church,  which  has  since  been  replaced  by 
the  Metropolitan,  when  he  was  received  in- 
to full  connection,  ordained  and  sent  ta 
London  as  colleague  of  Rev.  John  Carroll, 
D.D.,  for  the  first  quarter  of  1850.  It  was 
then  that  the  church  wanted  a  man  to  take 
the  presidency  of  their  connexional  unver- 
sity  at  Cobourg,  an  institution  that  had 
been  founded  in  1837  as  an-  academy,  had 
been  created  a  university  in  1841,  and  was 
then  fighting  a  hard  battle  for  a  precarious 
existence.  Samuel  S.  Nelles,  M.A.,was  the 
man  unanimously  chosen,  and  taken,  sorely 
against  his  will,  from  the  London  charge 
early  in  1850  and  installed  as  successor  to 
the  Rev.  Alex.  McNabb,  D  D.,  in  the  presi- 
dent's chair  of  Victoria  University.  From 
this  time  forward  the  career  of  Dr.  Nelles 
is  very  closely  identified  with  that  of  the 
college  to  which  he  fully  devoted  his  best 
energies,  his  keen  intellect,  his  marvellous 
power  of  management  and  his  ripe  culture. 
Finding  the  institution  financially  feeble, 
he  travelled  the  country  with  persistent 
energy,  appealing,  and  seldom  in  vain,  to 
Methodists  to  support  their  college,  and  its 
rapid  growth  and  success  in  keeping  abreast 
with  the  times  are  largely  due  to  his  un- 
tiring labors.  Together  with  the  late  Rev. 
Dr.  Punshon,  he  undertook  to  raise  an  en- 
dowment of  $100,000  for  the  college,  and 
the  best  comment  upon  their  faithful  efforts 
is  that  they  succeeded  in  swelling  that 
amount  to  $150,000.  Some  ten  years  ago 
this  indefatigable  worker  persuaded  the 
people  of  Cobourg  to  erect  a  magnificent 
science  building,  known  as  Faraday  Hall. 
In  1861  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Queen's  University,  which  was 


364 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


followed  in  1872  by  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
He  was  elected  General  Conference  repre- 
sentative to  the  conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  United  States,  in  1864; 
and  associate  representative  to  the  Eastern 
British  American  Conference  in  1868;  to 
the  English  Wesleyan  Conference  with  Rev. 
Dr.  Dewart  in  1873,  and  to  the  British 
Conference,  held  in  Newcastle,  in  1883. 
The  deceased  was  professor  of  moral  and 
mental  philosophy,  as  well  as  president  at 
Victoria  College,  since  his  first  connection 
with  that  institution;  and  in  the  University 
Act,  passed  at  the  time  of  Methodist  union, 
he  was  created  chancellor  of  the  university. 
The  doctor  was  one  of  the  original  framers 
of  the  University  Federation  scheme,  and 
gave  it  vigorous  advocacy  by  platform  and 
press,  but  as  the  face  of  the  scheme  was 
changed,  largely  because  of  the  defection 
of  other  colleges,  he  withdrew  his  sup- 
port. He  was  married  early  in  life  to 
the  eldest  daughter  of  Eev.  Dr.  Wood,  of 
Davenport,  who  survives  him.  Four  chil- 
dren have  blessed  the  union,  all  of  whom 
are  living.  The  only  son  is  now  practising 
law  with  Cameron  &  Co.,  at  Tilbury  Cen- 
tre; tHe  eldest  daughter  is  the  widow  of  the 
late  Kenneth  Dingwall,  an  eminent  barrister 
of  Hamilton,  while  the  two  youngest  are 
still  unmarried. 

Drolet,  Iacque§  Francoi§  Ga§- 
parcl,  Quebec,  Auditor  of  the  Province  of 
Quebec,  was  born  at  Quebec  on  the  23rd 
January,  1828.  His  parents  were  Gaspard 
Drolet,  advocate ;  and  Marie  Antoinette  Le- 
Blond,  daughter  of  Jacques  LeBlond,  ad- 
vocate. He  received  a  full  and  complete 
course  of  classics  at  the  Quebec  Seminary. 
He  entered  the  public  service  in  1862  in 
the  department  of  Public  Works  of  Canada ; 
and  was  appointed  auditor  of  the  province 
of  Quebec  in  1867,  under  section  20  of  the 
Treasury  Department  Act,  31  Viet.,  cap.  9, 
province  of  Quebec;  46  Viet.,  cap.  4,  section 
3, 1883,  which  enacts  "  that  the  provincial 
auditor  shall  hold  office  during  good  be- 
havior, but  be  removable  by  the  lieutenant- 
governor  upon  an  address  of  the  Legislative 
Council  and  the  Legislative  Assembly."  He 
was  president  of  the  Institut  Canadien  in 
1859-60.  In  1869,  he,  along  with  J.  W. 
Dunscomb,  collector  of  her  Majesty's  Cus- 
toms at  the  port  of  Quebec,  and  Francois 
Ve"zina,  cashier  of  La  Banque  Nationale, 
were  appointed  a  Board  of  Commissioners 
to  enquire  into  and  report  upon  the  civil 


service  of  the  province.  In  1875  he  was 
on  a  commission  with  J.  G.  Bosse",  Q.C., 
and  James  Dunbar,  Q.C.,  to  enquire  into 
the  settlement  of  the  Quebec  Fire  Loan; 
and  in  1883  he  was  appointed  a  commis- 
sioner along  with  L.  Tellier  and  Lieut. -Col- 
onel A.  A.  Stevenson,  on  an  enquiry  on  the 
public  service.  He  has  taken  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  Volunteer  movement ;  and  dur- 
ing the  Trent  difficulty  held  the  rank  of 
captain  in  the  7th  battalion  of  Chasseurs. 
Mr.  Drolet  is  a  member  of  the  Roman  Ca- 
tholic church,  and  holds  the  position  of 
church  warden.  He  was  married  at  Mon- 
treal, in  August,  1850,  to  Marie  Louise 
Eugenie,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Jean  Casi- 
mir  Bruneau,  judge  of  the  Superior  Court, 
and  niece  of  the  Hon.  F.  P.  Bruneau,  one 
of  the  Legislative  councillors  appointed  by 
Lord  Sydenham  in  1841,  and  of  Dr.  Bru- 
neau, for  a  number  of  years  professor  and 
lecturer  of  McGill  College,  Montreal.  The 
living  issue  of  this  marriage  is  three  sons  and 
three  daughters.  The  eldest  son  is  Joseph 
Eugene,  advocate;  Jean  Casimir,  Roman 
Catholic  priest;  third  son,  Joseph  Charles 
Gaspard,  captain  in  the  9th  battalion  Que- 
bec Rifles.  Captain  Joseph  C.  G.  Drolet 
went  through  the  North-west  campaign  with 
his  regiment,  and  is  now  adjutant  of  the 
Royal  School  of  Mounted  Infantry  at  Win- 
nipeg, Manitoba. 

Whitney,  Henry  A.,  Moncton,  New 
Brunswick,  Mechanical  Superintendent  of 
the  Intercolonial  Railway,  was  born  at  St. 
Stephen,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  llth  Feb- 
ruary, 1834.  His  parents  were  Beriah 
Whitney  and  Lucy  Hall,  and  both  were  de- 
scended from  very  early  settlers  in  America. 
The  first  of  the  Whitney  family  emigrated 
from  Wales,  England,  about  the  year  1640, 
and  settled  in  the  state  of  Connecticut.  Of 
the  mother's  progenitors,  the  Howland 
branch  came  over  with  the  Pilgrim  Fathers 
in  1620;  and  the  Hall  branch  emigrated 
from  Hull,  England,  about  1650,  and  made 
their  home  on  Long  Island.  Henry  A. 
Whitney  received  a  common  school  educa- 
tion at  St.  Stephen,  New  Brunswick,  and  at 
Calais,  Maine.  As  early  as  1852  he  began 
his  connection  with  railways,  and  with  the 
exception  of  a  short  interval  in  the  years 
1853-4,  has  been  in  the  railway  service  ever 
since.  During  these  thirty  years  he  has 
occupied  various  positions  on  government 
railways,  such  as  foreman,  engine  driver, 
shop  hand,  locomotive  foreman,  and  is  now 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


365 


mechanical  superintendent  of  the  Interco- 
lonial Railway.  He  has  been  obliged  to 
change  his  residence  several  times  since  he 
began  his  useful  career,  having  removed 
from  St.  Stephen  to  Moncton  in  1857;  to 
St.  John  in  1858;  to  Shediac  in  1861;  and 
lastly  to  Moncton  in  1872,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  In  politics  Mr.  Whitney 
takes  little  interest;  but  in  religion  he  may 
be  classed  among  the  Universalists,  having 
held,  from  youth  up,  that  our  Heavenly 
Father  will  finally  bring  all  his  erring  chil- 
dren home  to  his  house  of  many  mansions. 
He  was  married  on  the  13th  of  December, 
1861,  to  Margaret  J.  Lindsay,  of  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick.  This  lady  died  on  the 
22nd  May,  1872.  On  the  5th  of  May,  1874, 
he  was  married  to  his  second  wife,  Henri- 
etta Elliott,  of  Moncton,  New  Brunswick, 

Fit  eh,  Ed§oii,  Manufacturer,  Quebec, 
Grand  First  Principal  of  Eoyal  Arch  Ma- 
sonry in  the  province  of  Quebec,  is  a  native 
of  Glen's  Falls,  New  York  state,  having 
been  born  there  in  1838.  He  is  a  direct 
descendant  of  Governor  Thomas  Fitch,  who 
was  governor  of  the  colony  of  Connecticut, 
in  1756,  under  the  reign  of  George  II. 
The  family  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  United 
States.  They  were  originally  from  Eltham, 
county  of  Kent,  England,  and  came  to 
America,  landing  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1634. 
The  homestead  of  the  governor,  in  Norwalk, 
Conn.,  is  still  in  possession  of  the  family, 
being  owned  by  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
and  his  sister.  Mr.  Fitch  received  his  ed- 
ucational training  in  his  native  parish.  In 
1861  he  entered  the  American  army  as  a 
lieutenant,  and  was  at  once  sent  to  the 
front  on  active  service.  During  the  winter 
of  1862-3  he  received  a  commission  as 
captain,  and  was  present  with  General  Mc- 
Clellan  during  the  peninsular  campaign, 
and  took  part  in  all  the  principal  engage- 
ments until  the  first  day's  fight  in  the  bat- 
tle of  the  Wilderness,  5th  May,  1864,  when 
he  was  severely  wounded,  having  been  shot 
through  the  body.  This  confined  him  to 
the  rear  for  about  three  months,  at  the 
end  of  which  time  he  returned  to  his  post, 
where  he  remained  till  the  close  of  1864, 
when,  his  time  having  expired,  he  was  mus- 
tered out  of  the  service.  He  was  on  staff 
duty  most  of  the  time,  having  been  in  twen- 
ty-seven engagements,  fighting  under  Gen- 
erals McClellan,  Burnside,  Hooker,  Meade 
and  Grant.  When  he  returned  from  the 
service  he  held  the  position  of  acting  assis- 


tant inspector- general  and  chief  of  staff  of 
the  first  brigade  of  the  second  division  of 
the  Second  Army  Corps.  On  that  occasion 
he  received  the  following  flattering  letter: — 

HEAD-QUARTERS  IST  BRIGADE 

2nd  Div.  2nd  Army  Corps, 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  near  Petersburg,  Va. , 

Nov.  3,  1864. 
Capt.  Edson  Fitch, 

Brig.  In.  2nd  Brig.  2nd  Div.,  2nd  A.C., 
CAPTAIN, — Having  learned  that  you  are  about 
to  retire  from  the  military  service  of  the  United 
States  government,  I  avail  myself  of  what  may 
be  the  only  opportunity  I  shall  have  of  communi- 
cating to  you  an  expression  of  the  high  Tegard  I 
entertain  for  you  as  a  brave,  competent,  efficient 
and  gentlemanly  officer,  and  of  the  regret  that 
you  are  to  be  even  temporarily  lost  to  the  service 
which  you  have  honored  on  so  many  occasions  by 
your  gallant  conduct.  As  chief  of  staff  of  the 
brigade  which  I  had  the  honor  to  command  at 
the  late  battle  at  Hatcher's  Run,  you  in  no  small 
degree  contributed  to  that  success  which  won  for 
our  brave  troops  the  encomiums  of  the  generals 
commanding.  To  the  consciousness  of  having 
faithfully  discharged  your  whole  duty,  which  you 
will  carry  with  you  to  private  life,  I  desire  to  add 
the  assurance  that  you  also  have  the  confidence 
and  kindest  regards  of  your  old  comrades  in  arms, 
who  still  hope,  at  no  very  distant  period,  to  wel- 
come you  again  to  the  tented  field. 

I  am,  Captain,  very  truly  yours, 

JAS.  M.  WILLET, 
Col.  8th  N.  Y.  H.  Art'y, 
Comdg.  1st  Brigade. 

In  1867,  Captain  Fitch  came  to  Canada 
with  the  intention  of  organizing  the  busi- 
ness he  is  now  engaged  in,  that  of  manu- 
facturing match  splints,  and  settled  at 
Montmorency,  Quebec,  but  was  burnt  out 
there.  He  then  removed  to  Etchemin,  coun- 
ty of  Levis,  where  he  established  his  busi- 
ness, and  has  had  a  most  successful  career. 
Twice  he  has  seen  his  factory  destroyed  by 
fire,  but  his  indomitable  pluck  and  perse- 
verance have  carried  him  through.  The 
business  of  manufacturing  match  splints  is 
one  the  magnitude  of  which  few  outsiders 
can  realize.  The  factory  owned  by  Mr.  Fitch 
is  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  mak- 
ing nearly  ninety  millions  of  matches  in  a 
single  day  To  reach  this  almost  inconceiv- 
able result,  five  hundred  hands  are  em- 
ployed, and  no  less  than  twenty  millions  of 
feet  of  timber  are  cut  up  in  the  course  of  a 
single  year.  Early  in  life  Mr.  Fitch  con- 
nected himself  with  Masonry,  having,  in 
1861,  been  initiated  in  Senate  lodge,  No. 
456,  G.B.  of  N.Y.,  held  at  Glen's  Falls.  In 
1868,  desiring  further  knowledge  in  Ma- 
sonry, he  applied  for  the  Boyal  Arch  de- 
grees to  Stadacona  Chapter,  No.  2,  G.B.Q., 


366 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


and  was  exalted  in  that  chapter  on  22nd 
October,  1868.  In  1873,  he  affiliated  with 
Tuscan  lodge,  No.  28,  G.E.Q.,  held  at  Levis, 
and  occupied  the  worshipful  master's  chair 
in  that  lodge  in  1876  and  1877.  In  1877 
he  was  elected  grand  senior  warden  of  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  Quebec,  and  in  1880  was 
appointed  D.D.G.  Master  for  Quebec  and 
Three  Rivers  district,  and  held  that  office 
two  years  and  a  half.  In  1882  he  was  unan- 
imously elected  deputy  grand  master  of  the 
Grand  Lodge.  In  1884,  the  Grand  Chapter 
of  Royal  Arch  Masons  chose  him  as  their 
grand  third  principal;  in  1885  and  again 
in  1886  as  grand  second  principal,  and  at 
the  last  meeting  of  the  Grand  Chapter,  held 
in  the  city  of  Montreal,  in  January,  1887, 
he  was  placed,  by  the  voice  of  the  compan- 
ions assembled,  in  the  exalted  position  of 
grand  first  principal.  He  was  one  of  the 
charter  members  of  William  de  la  More,  the 
Martyr  Preceptory  of  Knights  Templars  at 
Quebec,  with  which  body  he  is  still  connect- 
ed. He  has  been  chairman  of  the  Commit- 
tee of  Benevolence  and  Charity  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  since  1882.  He  is  representative  in 
Quebec  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  California 
and  Grand  Chapter  of  Indiana.  And  he 
has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  all  mat- 
ters pertaining  to  the  craft  in  his  district  and 
province,  and  is  an  ardent  supporter  of  the 
principle  of  Grand  Lodge  sovereignty.  In 
politics  Mr.  Fitch  is  a  Liberal;  and  in  re- 
ligion is  an  adherent  of  the  Baptist  church. 
He  was  married  to  Mary  A.,  second  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  James  Bowen,  of  Quebec. 

Badgley,  Rev.  Prof.  E.  I.,  M.A., 
B.D.,  LL.D.,  Victoria  University,  Co- 
bourg. — Professor  Badgley,  of  United  Em- 
pire loyalist  descent,  was  born  in  Prince 
Edward  county,  which  county  was  also  the 
birth  place  of  his  father  and  mother.  At 
the  time  of  the  American  revolution  his 
great- grandfather  owned  a  large  landed 
property  in  the  state  of  New  Jersey,  but 
having  espoused  the  royalists'  cause,  his 
property  was  confiscated.  Preferring  citi- 
zenship under  the  British  Crown  rather 
than  in  the  Republic,  he  determined  to  find 
a  home  in  the  then  wilderness  of  Canada. 
Pursued  as  an  enemy  and  a  fugitive,  he 
suffered  many  hair-breadth  escapes.  For 
several  days  he  lay  concealed  in  his  hay- 
loft, where  more  than  once  the  enemy 
searched  for  him,  repeatedly  walking  over 
him  as  he  lay  buried  beneath  the  hay.  From 
this  place  of  concealment  he  escaped  to  find 


refuge  for  three  days  in  a  potato  pit.  After 
many  adventures  scarcely  less  perilous,  he 
finally  was  enabled  to  reach  Canada,  whither 
his  family  in  due  time  followed  him.  They 
settled  about  six  miles  from  Belleville,  in 
what  is  now  the  township  of  Thurlow.  Dr. 
Canniff,  in  his  work  on  the  "  Settlement  of 
Upper  Canada,"  mentions  him  and  his  sons 
as  among  the  first  settlers  north  of  the  vil- 
lage of  Cannifton.  His  wife's  name  was 
Lawrence,  whom  he  married  in  England, 
and  through  that  connection  repeated  efforts 
have  been  made  to  secure  for  the  heirs  a 
supposed  fortune  lying  to  their  credit,  so 
far,  however,  without  any  success.  One  of 
the  sons,  Professor  Badgley 's  grandfather, 
finally  settled  in  Prince  Edward  county, 
from  which  place  he  went  to  Kingston  to 
do  service  for  his  country,  in  1812.  By  an 
exchange  of  property  the  family  removed  to 
Thurlow,  where  his  mother,  whose  maiden 
name  was  Howard,  still  lives.  With  an 
ardent  desire  for  a  better  training  than  the 
public  school  could  furnish,  Professor  Badg- 
ley left  the  farm  when  seventeen  years  of 
age,  and  entered  as  a  student  at  Belleville 
Seminary,  afterwards  Albert  University.  He 
graduated  with  the  second-class  in  1868, 
and  immediately  entered  upon  the  work  of 
the  ministry,  in  connection  with  the  late 
Methodist  Episcopal  church.  After  three 
years  of  successful  labor,  he  returned  to 
Albert  College  as  an  adjunct  professor  in 
metaphysics  and  mathematics.  Three  years 
later,  on  the  election  of  Dr.  Carman,  presi- 
dent of  the  university,  to  the  episcopacy, 
Professor  Badgley  was  appointed  to  the 
chair  of  mental  and  moral  philosophy, 
which  he  satisfactorily  filled  for  a  period  of 
ten  years.  While  in  the  ministry,  and  during 
the  period  he  served  as  adjunct  professor, 
he  pursued  a  definite  line  of  reading,  and 
regularly  graduated  in  both  theology  and 
law.  As  a  result  of  Methodist  union,  Albert 
University  was  consolidated  with  Victoria, 
in  1884,  since  which  date  he  has  held  the 
chair  of  mental  philosophy  and  logic  in  the 
latter  university.  For  several  years  Pro- 
fessor Badgley  was  a  regular  contributor  to 
the  editorial  columns  of  the  Canada  Chris- 
tian Advocate,  and  has  frequently  written 
for  the  "Canadian  Methodist  Magazine." 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Ecumenical  Me- 
thodist Conference,  in  London,  in  1881, 
where  he  read  an  important  paper  on  min- 
isterial education.  At  different  times  and 
places  he  has  delivered  several  addresses  on 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


367 


metaphysical  and  philosophical  subjects, 
the  publication  of  which  has  been  frequently 
requested.  In  May,  1887,  he  delivered  the 
tenth  annual  lecture  before  the  Theological 
Union  of  Victoria  University,  on  "  Faith, 
vs.  Knowledge."  In  1870  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Emma  Bell,  daughter  of  John  S. 
Bell,  Napanee,  whose  father  was  an  officer 
in  the  British  army,  and  on  whose  confis- 
cated property  a  part  of  the  city  of  Albany 
now  stands.  They  have  three  children,  two 
sons  and  a  daughter. 

]»cConiiell,  John,  M.D.,  M.C.P.S.O., 
Toronto,  Lieutenant  12th  Battalion  York 
Bangers,  was  born  in  the  township  of  Scar- 
boro',  on  the  4th  March,  1846.     His  father, 
John  McConnell,  served  under  Mr.  Howard, 
of  High  Park,  in  the  defence  of  Little  York 
(Toronto),  during  the  time  of  the  William 
Lyon  McKenzie  rebellion.     He  was  an  ad- 
herent of  the  Methodist  church,  and  acted 
in  the  capacity  of  local  preacher  for  about 
forty  years;  he  was  also  a  justice  of  the 
peace,  and  a  man  greatly  respected  in  his 
day.     His  mother,  Elizabeth  McGaw,  was 
a  daughter  of  the  late  Andrew  McGaw,  of 
Port  Hope.     Both  families  first  settled  in 
Scarboro'    about   1836.      Dr.    McConneU's 
father,  after  a  residence  of  about  ten  years 
there,  bought  the  farm,  lot  twenty-three, 
second   concession,    of   Markham,  and   re- 
moved there  in  1849.     The  subject  of  our 
sketch  was  the  fourth   son  of  the   above 
union,  born  in  the  old  homestead  in  Scar- 
boro', and  accompanied  his  parents  to  their 
new  home.     He  received  his  primary  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools  of  Markham, 
where  he  remained  until  1859.  Then  he  be- 
gan to  entertain  ideas  of  supporting  him- 
self,  and  hired  out  to  a  farmer  at  $10  a 
month,  for  the  summer  season.     This  en- 
gagement  completed,    he   returned  home, 
and  his  father  sent  him  to  the  Grammar 
School,  Richmond   Hill,    then   under    the 
charge  of  the  late  Bev.  John  Boyd,  B.A. 
Soon  after  he  entered  this  school,  Mr.  Boyd 
resigned,    and   was    succeeded   by   L.  H. 
Evans,  B.A.,  of  Trinity  College,  under  whose 
able  tuition  young  McConnell  remained  for 
three  years.  Early  in  1863  he  underwent  an 
examination,  and  succeeded  in  gaining  a 
second-class  A.  certificate,  which  gave  him 
great  satisfaction.     He  then  applied  for  a 
situation  as  teacher  in  a  number  of  school 
sections,  but  owing  to  his  youth,  he  did  not 
succeed  until  December  of  that  year,  when 
he  obtained  a  school  in  York  township,  with 


a  salary  of  £67  10s.  per  annum,  when  he  be- 
gan his  real  battle  with  the  world.    During 
following  year  he  undertook  the  some- 
what difficult  task  of  preparing  himself  for 
a  matriculation  examination  in  the  Toronto 
University,  and  also  to  prepare  for  a  first- 
class  certificate  as  a  teacher.  He  succeeded 
in  both,  and  moreover,  secured  an  advance 
of  £10  to  his  salary  for  the  next  year,  which 
was  of  great  use  to  him.     During  1864  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine.  In  1866 
he  left  York  township  and  removed  to  Scar- 
boro', where  he  secured  a  school  at  £90  a 
year.     From  here  he  was  in  the  habit  of 
driving  thirteen  miles  four  days  a  week  to 
prosecute  his  medical  studies  in  Toronto, 
and  the  following  spring  he  matriculated  in 
medicine.    He  continued  teaching  until  Oc- 
tober, when  he  relinquished  his  school  and 
became  a  student  in  the  Toronto  School  of 
Medicine.     In  the  spring  of  1867  he  passed 
his  primary  examination  at  the  University 
of  Toronto,  and  was  admitted  as  an  under- 
graduate in  the  Toronto  Hospital,  and  also 
placed  in  charge  of  the  Burnside  Lying-in 
Hospital,  Sheppard  street.     Notwithstand- 
ing these  somewhat  onerous  duties,  he  at- 
tached himself  to  the  military  school   in 
connection  with  the  13th  Hussars,  a  British 
regiment  of  cavalry  then  stationed  at  the 
New  Fort,  Toronto,  under  the  command  of 
the  late  Colonel  Jennings,  one  of  the  heroes 
of  the  Light  Brigade,  and  from  whom  he 
received   many   evidences   of    respect   and 
kindness.     He  was  attached  as  an  officer  of 
the  Oak  Ridge  troop  of  cavalry,  to  which 
he  had  belonged  from  1860,  when,  on  the 
occasion  of  the  visit  of  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
it  was  stationed  in  Toronto,  and  was  with 
this  troop,  under  arms,  at  Bichmond  Hill 
(headquarters)  during    the    Fenian  trou- 
bles, in  1866.     Before  leaving  the  Military 
School,  in  the  autumn  of  1868,  he  received 
from  Colonel  Jennings  afirst-class  certificate, 
which  he  is  proud  still  to  possess.    He  then 
returned  to  his  lectures  in  the  university — 
still  retaining  his  position  in  the  hospital — 
and  worked  hard  both  in  and  out  of  school, 
so  that  when  the  examination  came  on  in 
the  spring,  he  passed  a  most  critical  exam- 
ination, and  succeeded  in  securing  the  de- 
gree of  M.B.     He  received  his  diploma  on 
the  llth  June,  1869,  and   commenced  to 
practise  his  profession  at  Thornhill,  town- 
ship of  Vaughan,  York  county,  where  he 
practised  for  fifteen  years,  when  he  removed 
to  Brockton,  in  1882,  then  a  suburb  of,  and 


368 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


now  part  of,  the  city  of  Toronto.  Shortly 
after  taking  up  his  residence  in  Brockton,  he 
was  elected  reeve  of  the  village  by  acclama- 
tion; and  in  1884,  when  it  was  annexed  to 
Toronto  as  St.  Mark's  ward,  the  doctor  rep- 
resented it  in  the  city  council.  He  is  coro- 
ner for  the  county  of  York,  and  has  held 
the  position  of  president  of  the  West  York 
Reform  Association,  and  also  of  the  Reform 
Association  of  Vaughan.  In  June,  1886, 
Dr.  McConnell  was  gazetted  second  lieu- 
tenant of  the  12th  Battalion  York  Rangers, 
and  in  June,  1887,  was  attached  to  "  0." 
Royal  School  of  Infantry,  New  Fort  Bar- 
racks, Toronto,  under  the  command  of  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Otter,  and  was  awarded  a 
second-class  certificate,  and  received  his 
commission  as  first  lieutenant  of  the  York 
Rangers.  As  a  professional  man,  he  is  en- 
dowed with  a  kindly  disposition,  and  is 
never  slow  to  help  any  poor  person  visiting 
his  office  for  medical  advice  or  medicine. 
Dr.  McConnell  has  been  for  four  years  at- 
tendant physician  to  the  Protestant  Or- 
phan's Home,  of  Toronto,  where  two  hun- 
dred orphan  children  are  supported  by  the 
charitable  people  of  the  city  and  neigh- 
borhood, and  his  watchful  care  has  not 
only  been  gratuitous,  but  productive  of  the 
most  gratifying  results.  Besides  practising 
his  profession,  he  has  interested  himself  in 
real  estate,  and  is  now  one  of  the  largest 

g-operty  owners  in  the  ward  of  St.  Mark, 
is  career  points  a  moral  which  our  young 
men  would  do  well  to  study,  showing  as  it 
does  that  perseverance  and  attention  to 
duty  is  a  greater  requisite  to  success  in  life 
than  to  be  born  to  affluence.  He  was  mar- 
ried previous  to  his  beginning  his  practice, 
to  Miss  Powell,  of  York  township,  and 
during  their  residence  at  Thornhill,  eight 
children  were  born  to  them,  five  daughters 
and  three  sons,  and  of  these,  three  daugh- 
ters and  one  son  survive. 

Roberts,  €harle§  George  Doug- 
la^  M.A.,  Professor  of  Modern  Literature, 
King's  College,  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  was 
born  at  Douglas,  near  Fredericton,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  10th  of  January,  1860. 
His  father,  the  Rev.  G.  Goodridge  Roberts, 
M.A.,  rector  of  Fredericton,  was  the  eldest 
son  of  the  late  George  Roberts,  Ph.D.,  a  gen- 
tleman of  English  descent,  formerly  head- 
master of  Fredericton  Collegiate  School,  and 
professor  of  classics  in  the  University  of  New 
Brunswick.  Our  poet  comes  of  a  line  of  an- 
cestors more  or  less  conspicuous  as  scholars, 


upon  both  maternal  and  paternal  sides.  His 
mother,  Emma  Wetmore  Bliss  Roberts, 
daughter  of  the  late  Judge  Bliss,  also  of 
Fredericton,  comes  of  an  old  loyalist  family, 
of  which  Emerson's  mother  was  a  member. 
Mr.  Roberts,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
educated  at  Fredericton  Collegiate  School, 
where  he  took  the  Douglas  medal  for  clas- 
sics. In  1877,  while  at  the  University  of 
New  Brunswick,  he  took  a  classical  scholar- 
ship, with  honors  in  Greek  and  Latin;  in 
1878,  the  alumni  gold  medal  for  an  essay  in 
Latin;  and  in  1879  graduating  with  honors 
in  metaphysics  and  ethics.  In  this  year  he 
was  appointed  head-master  of  Chatham, 
New  Brunswick,  Grammar  School.  In  1880 
his  first  volume  of  verse,  entitled  "  Orion 
and  other  Poems,"  was  published  by  J.  B. 
Lippincott  &  Co.,  Philadelphia;  and  in  1881 
he  took  his  degree  of  M.A.,  and  according 
to  the  ordinary  acceptation  of  the  term,  "fin- 
ished his  education,"  though  a  man's  edu- 
cation may  never  truly  be  said  to  be  finish- 
ed while  he  is  an  inhabitant  of  this  mortal 
sphere,  and  retains  his  faculties.  Yet  the 
foregoing  statements  prove  that  Mr.  Roberts 
had  acquired  much  knowledge  at  a  very 
early  age,  and  at  a  very  early  age  was  in- 
spired by  the  soul  of  song.  No  one  can 
doubt  this  who  has  read  the  following  ex- 
tract, which  we  take  from  his  lines  entitled 
"  To  the  Spirit  of  Song  "  : 

Surely  I  have  seen  the  majesty  and  wonder, 
Beauty,  might,  and  splendor,  of  the  soul  of  song; 

Surely  I  have  felt  the  spell  that  lifts  asunder 
Soul  from  body,  when  lips  faint  and  thought  is 
strong. 

These  lines  are  to  be  found  on  the  first  page 
of  his  volume,  entitled  "  Orion,  and  other 
Poems,"  and  unquestionably  show  genius 
in  the  boy  under  twenty  years  of  age,  for  it 
would  have  been  impossible  for  any  one  not 
possessed  of  the  soul  of  song  to  have  con- 
ceived them.  Had  the  first,  third,  fourth, 
eleventh,  and  thirteenth  lines  been  equal  to 
those  we  have  quoted,  the  concluding  line — 

Lowly  I  wait  the  song  upon  my  lips  conferred 

— would  have  made  the  picture  of  the  dark- 
eyed,  dark-haired  aspirant  for  immortality, 
kneeling  before  the  white-robed  angel,  a 
simply  perfect  creation.  The  poem  "  Orion  " 
is  an  outcome  of  his  early  love  for  classical 
literature,  and  when  we  consider  that  it  was 
written  by  a  boy  standing  on  the  threshold 
of  life,  it  is  wonderful  ;  and  shows  distinctly 
what  he  may  attain  in  coming  years,  when 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


369 


at  the  zenith  of  his  power.  This  poem  con- 
tains many  lines  of  unsurpassed  beauty. 
We  quote  the  following  couplet,  which  is 
taken  from  that  part  of  the  poem  which  de- 
scribes Orion  lying  upon  the  seashore  in 
his  utter  wretchedness,  when  the  drug  ad- 
ministered by  the  king  is  beginning  to  affect 
him.  The  scene  is  described  as,  at  the  set- 
ting of  the  sun — - 

The  deep-eyed  Night  drew  down  to  comfort  him, 
And  lifted  her  great  lids,  and  mourned  for  him. 

And  again,  later  in  the  night,  a  slave  comes 
with  the  king  bearing  a  cup  containing  the 
juice  with  which  he  puts  out  Orion's  eyes, 
and  a  servitor  bearing  a  torch,  before  whose 
light — 

All  the  darkness  shuddered  and  fled  back. 

And  how  beautiful  are  the  lines  sung  by 
the  weeping  sea-nymphs — - 

We  all  are  made  heavy  of  heart,  we  weep  with 

thee,  sore  with  thy  sorrow  ; 
The  sea  to  its  utmost  part,  the  night  from  the 

dusk  to  the  morrow. 

And  again,  when  he  regains  his  sight — 

All  the  morning's  majesty 
And  mystery  of  loveliness  lay  bare 
Before  him  ;  all  the  limitless  blue  sea 
Brightening  with  laughter  many  a  league  around. 
Wind  wrinkled,  etc. 

But  it  may  be  that  the  genius  of  Mr.  Roberts 
is  nowhere  so  apparent  as  in  a  short  poem 
of  his  that  we  have  seen  somewhere,  en- 
titled, "  Off  Pelorus,"  the  first  stanza  of 
which  is  an  exquisite  piece  of  word-paint- 
ing, combined  with  the  very  soul  of  song. 
We  quote  from  memory — 

Crimson  swims  the  sun-set  over  far  Pelorus, 

Burning  crimson  tops  its  frowning  crest  of  pine  ; 
Purple  sleeps  the  shore,  and  floats  the  wave  be- 
fore us, 

Eachwhere  from  the  oar-stroke  eddying  warm 
like  wine. 

It  is  impossible  to  separate  true  poetry  from 
its  sister,  painting,  and  here  the  two  walk 
hand  in  hand.  The  rich  coloring  of  the 
painter,  the  subtle  thought  and  music  of  the 
poet,  and  all  developed  strongly,  so  as  to 
come  within  the  immediate  grasp  of  ordin- 
ary intelligence.  We  have  not  seen  Mr. 
Roberts'  prose  writing,  but  we  are  informed 
that  he  has  written  much  that  is  masterly  in 
thought  and  style;  can  do  good  battle  in  a 
political  discussion,  and  has  peculiar  and 
abundant  gifts  in  the  field  of  criticism.  In 
1882  he  was  appointed  head-master  of  York 
Street  School,  Fredericton.  In  1883  he  ac- 
W 


cepted  the  position  of  editor  of  The  Week, 
a  Toronto  weekly,  from  which  he,  finding 
his  tastes  did  not  harmonize  with  the  direc- 
tor's, retired  in  four  months,  when  he  re- 
turned to  New  Brunswick,  and  was  there 
engaged  with  several  literary  undertakings, 
till  his  call,  in  1885,  to  the  University  of 
King's  College,  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  as 
professor  of  English  and  French  literature 
and  political  economy.  In  1887  he  pub- 
lished his  most  important  work,  "  In  Divers 
Tones"  (Montreal:  DawsonBros.;  Boston: 
l>.  Lothrop  &  Co.),  which  has  been  very 
favorably  received.  Professor  Roberts  is  a 
contributor  to  most  of  the  notable  publica- 
tions printed  in  the  English  language; 
among  these  may  be  mentioned  "  Long- 
man's," "The  Century,"  "Wide  Awake," 
and  "  Outing."  Mr.  Roberts  is  a  member 
of  the  Church  of  England,  and  was  married 
December  29th,  1880,  to  Mary  Isabel  Fen- 
ety,  daughter  of  George  E  Fenety,  Queen's 
printer,  of  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick. 
By  this  marriage  he  has  three  children. 

Chieoyne,  Jerome  Aclolplie,  Ad- 
vocate, Sherbrooke,  was  born  on  the  22nd 
August,  1844,  at  St.  Pie,  county  of  Bagot, 
province  of  Quebec.  His  paternal  ancestors 
came  over  from  France  at  the  time  Mr.  de 
Maisonneuve  was  recruiting  settlers  for  the 
colony  of  Ville-Marie.  His  name  was  Pierre 
Chicoyne,  and  his  place  in  France  was  and 
is  still  called  Channay,  in  the  old  Pro- 
vince of  Anjou.  He  became  proprietor  of 
the  fief  Bellevue,  in  the  parish  of  Vercheres, 
which  fief  still  belongs  to  his  descendants. 
Members  of  the  family  continue  to  reside 
in  the  same  place  and  vicinity  in  France, 
and  intercourse  is  regularly  kept  up  be- 
tween them  from  both  sides  of  the  ocean. 
A  new  settlement,  started  in  the  township 
of  Woburn,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Megantic, 
in  the  county  of  Beauce  (where  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  felled  the  first  tree  on 
the  8th  December,  1880),  is  named  Chan- 
nay,  as  a  reminiscence  of  the  place  where  - 
from  his  ancestor  came.  Mr.  Chicoyne  was 
educated  at  the  Seminary  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe,  and  followed  the  usual  course — eight 
years.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Lower  Canada  on  the  17th  September,  1868, 
at  Montreal;  and  after  practising  at  St. 
Hyacinthe  until  1872,  was  compelled  to 
quit  it  in  consequence  of  ill-health.  He 
then  became  attached  to  the  department  of 
agriculture  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  as 
colonization  agent,  and  has  ever  since  been 


370 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


connected  with  the  colonization  movement 
in  the  Eastern  Townships.  In  1875  he  left 
St.  Hyacinthe  with  his  family,  and  settled 
at  La  Patrie,  one  of  the  new  settlements 
organized  by  him  in  his  capacity  of  govern- 
ment agent.  In  1880,  he  started  a  coloni- 
zation scheme  (under  the  patronage  of  both 
the  Provincial  and  Federal  governments) 
in  France,  which  resulted  in  the  influx  of 
considerable  French  capital  and  immigrants 
to  these  townships.  Some  of  the  results  may 
now  be  seen  in  the  great  progress  achieved 
by  the  village  of  Megantic,  in  the  county 
of  Compton,  and  in  the  above  mentioned 
settlement  of  Ohannay.  In  January,  1886, 
he  took  the  direction  of  Le  Pionnier,  the 
oldest  French  paper  in  the  Eastern  Town- 
ships, which  paper  has  largely  contributed 
to,  and  still  helps,  the  settlement  of  that 
comparatively  new  section  of  the  country. 
He  took  part  for  the  first  time  in  politics 
during  the  elections  of  1867,  in  the  Conser- 
vative interest,  and  is  still,  and  has  ever 
been  a  most  devoted  and  faithful  worker  in 
the  Conservative  ranks.  Mr.  Chicoyne  has 
made  four  trips  to  Europe,  and  has  visited 
England,  France,  Belgium,  Switzerland  and 
Italy,  and  while  in  these  countries  studied 
the  political  economy  and  social  questions  of 
the  age.  In  religion  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  church.  On  the  7th  Janu- 
ary, 1868,  he  was  married  at  St.  Hyacinthe, 
to  Dame  Caroline  Perreault. 

Elliott,  Edward,  Barrister,  Perth, 
Ontario,  was  born  in  the  township  of  Elms- 
ley,  county  of  Lanark,  Ontario,  on  the  29th 
June,  1884,  He  is  of  Irish  descent,  his 
father,  John  Elliot,  and  mother,  Rebecca 
Taylor,  both  having  been  born  in  Ireland. 
The  family  came  to  Canada  in  1818,  and 
shortly  afterwards  settled  in  Lanark.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  received  his  education 
at  the  Grammar  School  of  Perth.  In  1863 
he  began  the  study  of  the  law  with  the  late 
William  Oscar  Buell,  barrister,  in  Perth. 
Mr.  Elliott  was  admitted  as  a  solicitor  in 
Michaelmas  term  1868,  and  called  to  the 
bar  in  Hilary  term  1869.  Though  devoted 
to  his  profession,  he  has  yet  found  time  to 
serve  his  fellow-citizens  in  various  capaci- 
ties. For  ten  years  he  has  been  a  member 
of  the  town  council,  during  two  of  which  he 
served  as  mayor,  namely,  in  1879  and  1880. 
He  has  been  for  some  time  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Education  of  Perth.  In  politics, 
he  has  taken  an  active  interest,  and  was  a 
candidate,  for  parliamentary  honors,  on  the 


Conservative  side,  in  South  Lanark,  in  1879, 
but  was  defeated  by  only  fifty-three  of  a 
majority.  Again  he  contested  the  same 
riding,  in  1883,  but  again  suffered  defeat; 
this  time,  however,  by  only  twenty-nine  of 
majority.  He  has  resided  in  Perth  since  he 
commenced  the  study  of  the  law,  and  is  the 
senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Elliott  &  Rog- 
ers, solicitors,  etc.,  doing  a  good  law  busi- 
ness. In  1882  Mr.  Elliott  was  called  to  the 
bar  of  Manitoba.  In  1880  he  joined  the 
True  Britons'  lodge,  No.  14,  A.  F.  and  A. 
M.,  and  has  taken  an  interest  in  the  order 
ever  since.  He  has  travelled  through  the 
United  States,  and  the  greater  part  of  Can- 
ada. In  politics,  he  is  a  Liberal-Conserva- 
tive; and  in  religion,  is  a  member  of  the 
Church  of  England.  He  has  held  the  office 
of  warden,  and  is  also  a  lay  delegate  to  the 
Diocesan  Synod.  He  was  married  on  the 
5th  July,  1870,  to  Harriet,  youngest  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  John'Rudd,  merchant,  Perth, 
and  has  a  family  of  four  girls. 

L,a  Rue,  Tliomu*  George,  Quebec, 
Notary  Public  and  Collector  of  Inland 
Revenue  for  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  in  the 
division  of  Quebec,  is  descended  from  one 
of  the  most  ancient  French  families  in  New 
France,  represented  by  Jean  de  La  Rue, 
who  settled  at  Quebec  in  1636,  and  married 
Jaqueline  Pin,  in  1663,  one  of  the  first 
pupils  of  the  Ursuline  nuns  of  Quebec. 
Thomas  George  La  Rue  was  born  at  St.  Jean, 
Orleans  Island,  on  the  21st  December,  1834, 
and  is  the  second  son  of  Nazaire  La  Rue, 
who  was  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  militia, 
and  a  notary  public.  His  mother  was  Ade- 
laide Roy.  He  was  educated  at  the  Laval 
University,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  his 
profession  on  the  4th  February,  1856.  Mr. 
La  Rue  is  noted  for  the  lively  interest  he,  in 
common  with  the  late  Dr.  Hubert  La  Rue, 
and  his  brother,  a  professor  at  the  Laval 
University,  has  taken  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits in  the  province  of  Quebec.  In  1867 
he  published,  in  the  Evenement  newspaper, 
several  essays,  under  the  title  of  "  Causeries 
Agricoles,"  bearing  on  the  experiments  he 
had  made  on  his  farm  on  the  Island  of  Or- 
leans, and  these  were,  in  1872,  collected 
and  issued  in  book  shape  by  the  Journal 
d*  Agriculture  de  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  dis- 
tributed all  over  the  province.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Notarial  Board  for  the 
province  of  Quebec,  from  1862  to  1879, 
and  was  elected  vice-president  of  it  in  1876. 
In  1869,  jointly  with  the  Hon.  Louis  Ar- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


371 


chambault  and  Emery  Papineau,  his  col- 
leagues, he  prepared  the  constitution  which 
governs  the  Board  of  Notaries  for  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec.  For  twenty -five  years  he 
was  an  active  worker  in  the  ranks  of  the 
Liberal  party,  and  in  1862  acquired  by 
purchase,  assisted  by  the  Hon.  Ulric  J. 
Tessier,  now  a  judge  in  the  Court  of  Ap- 
peal; Francis  Evanturel,  ex-minister  of  ag- 
riculture ;  the  late  G.  Joly,  seignior  of  Lot- 
biniere,  father  of  the  present  Hon.  H.  G. 
Joly;  and  J.  G.  Barthe,  barrister,  the 
journal  known  as  Le  Canadien.  And  this 
newspaper  originated  in  its  columns  such  a 
fierce  opposition  to  the  government  of  the 
day — the  Cartier-McDonald — on  the  Militia 
Bill,  that  it  compelled  it  to  resign  and  give 
way  for  the  formation  of  the  McDonald- 
Sicotte  administration.  Mr.  La  Hue  was 
mainly  instrumental  in  securing  for  the 
Liberal  party  the  parliamentary  division  of 
Quebec  East,  which,  ever  since  the  warmly- 
contested  election  of  the  Hon.  Senator  Pan- 
taleon  Peltier,  in  1871,  has  remained  until 
this  day,  a  fortress  to  the  party.  In  1872 
he  came  forward  on  the  Liberal  ticket,  in 
the  county  of  Montmorency,  but  was  beaten 
at  the  polls  by  the  late  Jean  Langlois,  Q.C. 
In  1874  the  McKenzie  administration  en- 
trusted him,  as  a  notary,  with  the  settle- 
ment of  the  claims  arising  from  seigniorial 
dues  in  the  province  of  Quebec.  In  1878, 
Mr.  La  Hue  finally  withdrew  from  politics, 
and  accepted  the  important  appointment  of 
collector  of  inland  revenue  for  the  division 
of  Quebec,  the  duties  of  which  he  has  con- 
tinued to  fill  ever  since.  In  1857,  he  was 
married  to  Helen  Marie  Louise,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Pierre  Gue"nette,  a  merchant 
in  Quebec  city. 

Baynes,  William  Craig,  B.  A.,  was 
born  in  Quebec  in  1809.  He  was  educated 
in  England  for  the  service  of  the  East  In- 
dia Company,  but  on  the  death  of  his  father 
gave  up  the  appointment,  and  later  entered 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  where  he  took 
the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1836.  In  1839  he 
was  summoned  to  receive  his  M.A.,  but  had 
scruples  of  conscience  as  to  taking  the  oath 
of  conformity,  and  the  higher  honor  was 
refused.  Mr.  Baynes  came  of  a  military 
family.  His  father  saw  service  in  Africa, 
where  he  assisted  in  the  capture  of  the  Cape 
in  1795,  and  in  India,  and  was  adjutant- 
general  of  the  army  in  Canada  and  colonel 
of  the  Glengarry  Fencibles  in  the  war  of 
1812.  Three  of  his  sons  also  entered  the 


army.  Mr.  Baynes  married  in  1841,  and 
in  1843  returned  to  Canada,  and  settled  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Kingsey,  where  his 
father  had  purchased  land.  Here  he  car- 
ried on  farming  for  twelve  years,  giving  it 
up  in  1856,  when  he  received  the  secretary- 
ship of  the  Royal  Institution  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Learning  (McGill  College, 
Montreal),  which  post  he  held  continuously 
until  his  death,  which  took  place  on  Sunday, 
9th  October,  1887.  He  leaves  four  sons. 
He  was  for  many  years  the  leading  member 
of  the  Plymouth  Brethren  in  Montreal,  and 
generally  conducted  their  services. 

Straclian,  John,  LL.D.,  D.D.,  Bishop 
of  Toronto. — The  late  Bishop  Strachan  was 
born  at  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  on  the  12th  of 
April,  1778,  and  received  his  early  educa- 
tion at  the  Grammar  School  of  that  city, 
and  finished  his  term  at  King's  College  in 
1796,  when  he  got  his  Master's  degree.  His 
father  was  a  poor  man,  straitened  in  circum- 
stances; yet,  with  the  characteristic  ambi- 
tion of  a  Scotchman,  he  had  determined  that 
his  son  should  be  well  equipped  for  future 
conflict  with  the  world.  He  was  only  nine- 
teen years  of  age  when  he  was  declared  the 
successful  candidate  for  the  parochial  school- 
mastership  of  Kettle.  There  were  nearly 
one  hundred  and  fifty  pupils  in  this  school, 
among  them  Sir  David  Wilkie,  the  artist, 
and  Commodore  Robert  Barclay,  doomed 
to  misfortune  on  Lake  Erie,  from  no  fault 
of  his  own.  He  remained  at  Kettle  three 
years,  when  an  invitation  to  Canada  came 
to  change  the  current  of  his  life.  It  was 
towards  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century 
that  some  liberal  friends  of  education  anxi- 
ously contemplating  the  establishment  of  a 
high  school  and  university,  bethought  them- 
selves of  applying  to  Scotland  for  a  teacher 
to  whom  they  could  confide  the  training  of 
their  sons,  and,  amongst  those,  the  most 
directly  interested  was  the  Hon.  Richard 
Cartwright,  grandfather  of  the  present  Sir 
Richard  Cartwright,  a  man  of  enterprise  and 
far-sighted  views.  Mr.  Strachan  having  been 
engaged  for  the  purpose,  towards  the  end 
of  1799  he  sailed  from  Greenock,  by  way  of 
New  York,  and  arrived  in  Kingston  on  the 
last  day  of  the  year.  His  first  experience 
of  Upper  Canada  took  the  form  of  disap- 
pointment. Governor  Simcoe,  with  that 
statesmanlike  prescience  that  character- 
ised him,  had  from  the  first  made  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  university  his  first  and 
chief  desideratum.  But  imfortunately  the 


372 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


first  governor  had  been  removed  before  his 
patriotic  scheme  was   carried    into    effect, 
and  just  when  Mr.  Strachan  arrived  at  Kings- 
ton there   seemed  to   be   no  prospect  that 
either  the   university   or    grammar   school 
system  would  be  attempted  for  the  present. 
Mr.  Cartwright  recognised  the  trying  posi- 
tion of  the  young  teacher,  and  generously 
set  himself  to  work  on  his  behalf.     He  had 
four  sons  himself,  and  his  friends  could  add 
to  the  number  of  pupils,  and  so  provide  the 
young  Scot  with    an  honorable   and  fairly 
remunerative  living  until  the  plans  of  the 
government  were  matured.      Mr.  Strachan 
was  a  Presbyterian,  but   his  father  was  an 
Episcopal  non- juror — a  champion  of  the  lost 
cause  of  the  Stuarts,  and  his  earliest  recol- 
lections  of   church   services  were   those  he 
attended  with  his  father  at  Aberdeen,  pre- 
sided  over   by  Bishop   Skinner.       Subse- 
quently   he    habitually    accompanied    his 
widowed  mother  to  the  Belief  Church,  of 
which  she  was  a  member.     He  was  only  a 
Presbyterian  by  accident.  When  he  arrived 
at   Kingston,    and   was  thrown  in   contact 
with  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stuart,  who,  although  an 
Anglican,  was  the  son  of  a  Presbyterian,  he 
was  naturally  attracted  to  the  church  of  his 
father,  so  that  when  Mr.   Cartwright  and 
Dr.  Stuart  advised  him  to  study   divinity, 
the  change  was  easily  made,  and  the  result 
was  that  the  future  bishop  received  deacon's 
orders   in  1803.      The  bishop  of  Niagara, 
who  was  afterwards  one  of  his  pupils  at  To- 
ronto, has  given  a  graphic  description  of 
Mr.  Strachan' s  methods,  and  of  his  remark- 
able success   as  a  teacher.     His  great  care 
was  to  interest  the   boys  in   their  studies, 
and  to  draw  out  their  latent  capabilities  by 
attractive  means.     To  him  education  meant 
what  its  etymology  implies,  not  cramming, 
but  development.      Perhaps  no  instructor 
could  boast  of  a  larger  number  of  pupils 
who  obtained  eminence  in  after  life.     Chief 
Justice  Robinson,  and  his  brother,  the  Hon. 
W.  B.  Robinson,  Chief  Justices  Macaulay 
and  McLean,  Judge  Jonas  Jones,  Dean  Be- 
thune,  of  Montreal,  and  his  brother,  Bishop 
Strachan's  successor  in  the  see  of  Toronto, 
the   Hon.  H.   J.   and  G.   S.   Boulton,  Col. 
Vankoughnet,    father    of    the    chancellor, 
Donald  2Eneas  Macdonell,  and  others,  sat 
at  the  feet  of  the  ex-dominie  of  Kettle.    Dr. 
Strachan  removed  to  York,  at  the  instance 
of  General  Brock,  and,  in  1812,  became  rec- 
tor of  York.     For  the  first  time  he  now  en- 
tered  the   political   sphere,  by  taking  the 


initiative  in  forming  a  loyal  and  patriotic 
society.     The  times  were  out  of  joint;  war 
was  imminent,  and  with  characteristic  vigor 
the  new  rector  came  to  the   fore.     There 
was  a  strong  heart  beating  beneath  the  ec- 
clesiastical vestments,  and  he  had  an  oppor- 
tunity soon  of  showing  his  mettle.     When 
the  long  expected   shock  of  war  came  on, 
there  never  was  a  busier  or  more  useful 
man  than  Dr.  Strachan.     It  has  been  re- 
marked that  when  York  was  taken,  he  was 
"  priest,    soldier,  and   diplomatist,"  all    in 
one.     At  the  capture  of   York,  he  was  in- 
cessantly active.     After   the   explosion  by 
which  General  Pike  was  killed  at  the  old 
fort,  the  Americans  threatened  vengeance 
upon  the  defenceless  town  which  had  been 
evacuated  by  General  Sheaffe  and  his  forces. 
The  rector,  however,  was  equal  to  the  occa- 
sion ;  and,  as  a  contemporary  writer  puts  it, 
"  by  his  great  firmness  of  character,  saved 
the  town  of  York  in  1813  from  sharing  the 
same  fate  as  the  town  of  Niagara  met  with 
some    months    afterwards."      The    sturdy 
clergyman  at  once  visited  General  Dear- 
born, and  threatened  that  if  he  carried  out 
his  threat   of   sacking  the  town,  Buffalo, 
Lewiston,   Sackett's  Harbor,  and  Oswego, 
should  be  destroyed  as  soon  as  troops  ar- 
rived from  England.     His  earnestness  and 
determination  moved  the  American,  and  he 
spared  the  little  Yorkers  from  any  syste- 
matic burning  and  plunder.     But  all  the 
danger  was  not   over  ;  marauding  parties 
wandered  about  the  town  seeking  for  plun- 
der, and  not  unfrequently  were  confronted 
by  the  sturdy  little  rector.     On  one  occa- 
sion two  American  soldiers  visited  the  house 
of  Colonel  Givens,  who  was  an  officer  in  the 
retreating  army.     The  inmates  were  abso- 
lutely helpless,  and  the  marauders  made  off 
with  the  family   plate.     Dr.    Strachan    at 
once  went  after  them,  and  demanded  back 
the  stolen   property.     Under   the   circum- 
stances this  was  a  singularly  courageous 
thing  to  do,  and  apparently  a  hopeless  one. 
But  the  rector  was  a  man  of   unwavering 
resolution,   and   managed   at  last,  without 
any  other  weapon  than  that  which  nature 
had  placed  in  his  mouth,  to  secure  the  re- 
turn of  the  goods  to  their  rightful  owner. 
The  pluck  and  bravery  displayed  by  him 
throughout  that  trying  time  showed  suffici- 
ently the  real  "  grit "  of  the  man,  and  the 
boldness  and  strength  of  will  shewn  then, 
characterized   his   life.     In  resolution  and 
determined  perseverance,  he  was  every  inch 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


373 


a  Scot.  In  1818  began  Dr.  Strachan's  pub- 
lic life  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  the  term; 
for  he  was  then  nominated  an  executive 
councillor  and  took  his  seat  in  the  Legisla- 
tive Council.  He  remained  a  member  of 
the  government  until  1836,  and  of  the  Up- 
per House  up  to  the  union  of  the  provinces 
in  1841.  About  the  time  of  Dr.  Strachan's 
appointment  as  councillor,  began  the  poli- 
tico-ecclesiastical conflict  which  was  only 
brought  to  a  close  within  the  memory  of 
the  existing  generation.  By  the  Imperial 
Act  of  1774,  which  conceded  to  the  Galli- 
can  clergy  the  right  to  collect  tithes,  pro- 
vision was  made  for  the  support  of  "  a  Pro- 
testant clergy;"  and  in  1791,  one- seventh  of 
the  lands  was  set  apart  for  that  purpose  in 
Upper  Canada  under  the  name  of  Clergy 
Reserves.  In  1819,  the  Presbyterians  of 
Niagara  petitioned  the  lieutenant-governor, 
Sir  Peregrine  Maitland,  for  a  grant  of  £100 
for  the  support  of  a  Scottish  Church  minis- 
ter, and  boldly  hinted  that  the  grant  should 
come  from  the  funds  arising  from  the  Clergy 
Reserves.  This  memorial  was  forwarded  in 
due  course  to  Earl  Bathurst,  the  colonial 
secretary,  who  replied  that  the  reserves 
were  intended  for  the  established  churches 
of  England  and  Scotland,  and  not  for  "  de- 
nominations "  referred  to  by  the  governor. 
This  despatch  at  once  aroused  Dr.  Strachan, 
who  in  1823  forwarded  a  memorial  pro- 
testing against  the  attempt  to  distribute 
funds  intended  for  the  Anglican  church. 
His  somewhat  narrow  creed,  political  no 
less  than  ecclesiastical,  to  be  rightly  under- 
stood, must  be  viewed  from  his  own  stand- 
point, and  it  may  be  readily  condoned  when 
one  contemplates  his  vigor  and  patriotic  im- 
pulse. The  law  officers  of  the  Crown  de- 
cided that  the  Clergy  Reserves  were  not 
intended  exclusively  for  the  Anglican 
church.  As  there  were  two  established 
churches,  each  equipped  with  "a  Protestant 
clergy,"  they  were  of  opinion  that  the 
Church  of  Scotland  had  an  equal  right  with 
the  sister  communion  to  a  share  in  the  land 
endowment.  They  went  still  further  and 
vindicated  the  claims  of  other  Protestant 
denominations.  No  sooner  was  this  con- 
ceded by  parliament  than  the  entire  ground 
was  cut  from  beneath  the  feet  of  those  who 
advocated  a  monopoly  in  state  support  for 
religion.  Before  the  Union  of  1841,  no  less 
than  sixteen  measures  which  had  passed 
the  Legislative  Assembly  for  the  seculariza- 
tion of  the  Reserves  were  rejected  by  the 


Legislative  Council.  It  was  only  after  a 
bitter  struggle,  lasting  over  more  than  thirty 
years,  it  was  finally  set  at  rest  by  the  Act 
of  1854.  During  the  whole  period  Dr. 
Strachan  was  faithful  to  his  principles,  and 
could  brook  no  compromise.  In  1836  he 
resigned  his  place  as  executive  councillor, 
and  in  1839  became  the  first  bishop  of  To- 
ronto. The  following  year  he  ceased  to  be 
a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council,  and 
abstained  thenceforth  from  taking  any  part 
in  public  affairs,  save  in  that  department 
which  may  be  termed  church  politics.  The 
other  subject  of  intense  interest  with  him 
was  the  Provincial  University.  Twenty- 
eight  years  elapsed  before  any  attempt  was 
made  to  carry  out  the  project  of  Lieutenant- 
Governor  Simcoe.  In  1827  a  Royal  charter 
was  granted  in  favor  of  King's  College.  It 
was  to  be  essentially  an  Anglican  univer- 
sity. In  the  four  faculties,  all  the  profes- 
sors were  to  be  "  members  of  the  Establish- 
ed United  Church  of  England  and  Ireland," 
and  were  required  "to  severally  sign  and 
subscribe  the  Thirty -nine  articles."  The 
only  liberal  provision  in  it  was  an  exemption 
from  any  religious  test  on  the  part  of  stu- 
dents and  graduates  in  faculties  other  than 
that  of  divinity.  King's  College  was  not 
opened  until  1843,  and  in  1850  all  that 
made  it  valuable  in  the  bishop's  eyes  were 
eliminated.  All  that  was  distinctly  Angli- 
can disappeared.  The  faculty  of  divinity 
was  abolished  and,  as  far  as  education  was 
concerned,  "  all  semblance  of  connection  be- 
tween church  and  state,"  proclaimed  after- 
wards in  the  preamble  to  the  Clergy  Re- 
serve Act,  was  done  away.  The  venerable 
bishop  was  equal  to  the  emergency,  and 
started  on  a  mission  to  Britain  to  raise 
funds,  and  in  little  more  than  six  months  he 
returned  with  the  first  fruits, — some  sixteen 
thousand  pounds  sterling.  In  the  spring 
of  1857  the  corner  stone  of  Trinity  College 
was  laid,  and  in  the  beginning  of  the  fol- 
lowing year  the  building  was  so  far  com- 
pleted as  to  be  fit  for  occupation.  The 
Royal  charter  was  secured  in  1853.  Thus, 
by  the  inextinguishable  ardor  and  energy  of 
one  zealous  prelate  was  the  purpose  of  his 
life  at  last  secured.  In  other  directions, 
the  memorable  prelate  certainly  effected 
work  of  unquestionable  value.  So  soon  as 
the  severance  between  church  and  state  had 
been  formally  proclaimed,  his  administrative 
and  legislative  tact  was  employed  in  plac- 
ing the  Anglican  church  upon  a  sound 


374 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


governmental  basis.  To  him  the  laity  of 
that  communion  owe  it  that  they  are  repre- 
sented in  the  synods  of  the  church  as  sub- 
stantially as  with  the  Presbyterians.  The 
bishop's  later  years  were  spent  in  efforts  to 
extend  the  usefulness  of  the  church  to  which 
he  was  so  ardently  attached,  and  during 
the  evening  of  his  long  and  eventful  life  he 
was  universally  respected  by  men  of  all 
creeds  and  political  parties.  He  had  lived 
in  the  province  and  been  a  conspicuous  ac- 
tor in  its  affairs  from  the  days  of  Governor 
Simcoe  to  the  opening  year  of  confedera- 
tion, and  died  on  the  2nd  of  November, 
1867,  in  the  eighty-ninth  year  of  his  age, 
manful,  energetic  and  courageous  to  the 
last.  The  last  tribute  of  respect  was  paid 
to  Bishop  Strachan  by  the  attendance  at  his 
funeral  of  the  two  universities,  with  whose 
early  fortunes  his  name  was  indissolubly 
associated.  The  national  societies,  the 
clergy  of  all  churches,  Protestant  and 
Catholic,  all  the  civic  dignitaries  and  insti- 
tutions, were  fully  represented  on  the  occa- 
sion, and  it  was  not  without  significance 
that  the  troops,  regular  and  other,  lined  the 
streets,  and  that  the  strains  of  martial  music 
were  heard  at  the  burial  of  one  who  was 
first  a  churchman  of  the  military  type,  and 
next  a  patriotic  citizen.  . 

Wallbridge,  Hon.  Lewis,  Chief 
Justice  of  Manitoba,  born  in  Belleville,  On- 
tario, 27th  November,  1816,  and  died  at 
Winnipeg,  on  the  20th  October,  1887,  was 
a  grandson  of  Elijah  Wallbridge,  a  United 
Empire  loyalist,  who  settled  in  Canada 
shortly  after  the  American  war  of  inde- 
pendence. His  father  was  a  lumber  mer- 
chant of  Belleville.  The  family  emigrated 
from  Dorsetshire,  England,  on  account  of 
having  taken  part  in  thfe  Duke  of  Mon- 
mouth's  rebellion  against  King  James.  Mr. 
Wallbridge  received  his  education  under 
the  late  Dr.  Benjamin  Workman  in  Mon- 
treal, and  at  Upper  Canada  College,  Tor- 
onto. He  studied  law  in  Robert  Baldwin's 
office,  Toronto;  was  called  to  the  bar  in 
1839,  and  created  a  Queen's  counsel  in 
1856.  In  1858  he  was  elected  to  the  par- 
liament of  Canada,  subsequently  becoming 
solicitor- general,  and  a  member  of  the 
Macdonald-Dorion  government.  In  1863, 
whilst  holding  the  office  of  solicitor- general, 
he  was  elected  speaker  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  which  position  he  occupied  for 
a  little  more  than  four  years,  and  presided 
over  the  debate  on  confederation  at  Quebec. 


After  retiring  from  political  life  he  practised 
law  in  Belleville,  and  on  the  death,  in  1882, 
of  Hon.  E.  B.  Wood,  chief  justice  of  Mani- 
toba, was  appointed  to  succeed  him.  Hon. 
Mr.  Wallbridge  was  one  of  the  last  surviv- 
ors of  a  long  line  of  prominent  Canadian 
politicians  whose  records  as  such  are,  for 
the  most  part,  now  known  only  in  history. 
It  is  almost  fifty  years  since  he  first  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  almost 
the  lifetime  of  a  generation  since  he  first 
entered  parliament.  He  was  a  moderate 
Reformer  in  politics.  He  was  of  a  kindly 
genial  disposition,  and  had  many  personal 
friends.  He  was  buried  at  Belleville,  On- 
tario. 

lirodie,  Robert,  Merchant,  Quebec,, 
was  born  in  Montreal  on  the  llth  May,  1835. 
His  parents,  Charles  Brodie  and  Elizabeth 
Kerr,  emigrated  from  Innerleithen,  Peebles- 
shire,  Scotland,  in  1831,  and  settled  in  Mont- 
real. Robert,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
received  a  common  school  education  in  his 
native  city,  and  in  1850,  when  but  a  lad  of 
fifteen  years  of  age,  entered  the  dry  goods 
establishment  of  Henry  Morgan  &  Co.,  the 
then  leading  retail  store  in  Montreal,  and 
continued  in  this  business  until  1855,  when 
he  removed  to  Quebec  city.  Here  he  enter- 
ed the  employment  of  his  brother,  Charles 
Brodie,  who  was  at  that  time  carrrying  on 
an  extensive  flour  and  provision  business. 
In  1859  Charles  Brodie  died,  when  Robert, 
with  his  brother  William,  succeeded  to  the 
business,  and  continued  to  carry  it  on  on  a 
more  extensive  scale,  under  the  firm  name 
of  W.  &  R.  Brodie.  In  1868,  Thomas  Bro- 
die, another  brother,  was  admitted  a  part- 
ner, the  firm  name  remaining  unchanged. 
The  operations  of  the  firm  then  further  ex- 
tended, and  the  three  brothers  are  now 
doing  the  largest  business  in  their  line  in 
the  ancient  capital.  Besides  an  extensive 
local  trade,  they  send  to  the  Provinces  of 
New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia  annually 
large  quantities  of  flour  and  provisions. 
Outside  of  business  hours,  Mr.  Brodie  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  whatever  movement 
happened  to  be  on  foot  calculated  to  im- 
prove the  social  condition  of  the  people 
among  whom  he  resided.  He  has  been  a v 
total  abstainer  all  his  life,  and  was  one  of 
the  first  to  join  the  Rechabites,  when  this 
temperance  order  was  first  introduced  into 
Canada.  When  it  was  superseded  by  the 
order  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  at  a  later 
date,  he  joined  the  new  order,  and  for  many 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


375 


years  was  one  of  its  most  active  members. 
He  is  one  of  those  who  firmly  believe  in  the 
doctrine  that  the  liquor  traffic  must  be  ulti- 
mately suppressed  by  law.  Apart  from  so- 
cial reform,  he  has  also  been  connected  with 
most  of  the  local  enterprises  originated  in 
Quebec  city  during  the  past  fifteen  or  twenty 
years,  either  as  an  assistant  or  promoter. 
He  is  a  shareholder  in  the  Quebec  Steam- 
ship Company;  the  Quebec  and  Levis 
Ferry  Company;  the  Quebec  Fire  Insur- 
ance Company;  the  Quebec  Bank,  etc. 
He,  with  others,  originated  the  Quebec 
Worsted  Company  and  is  one  of  its  direc- 
tors. Mr.  Brodie  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Protestant  Board  of  School  Commissioners 
for  a  number  of  years.  This  board  is  com- 
posed of  six  members — three  being  appoint- 
ed by  the  city  council  and  three  by  the  local 
government,  and  he  is  the  appointee  of  the 
city  council.  He  has  not  had  time  to  ex- 
tend his  travels  beyond  Canada,  but  he  has 
visited  nearly  every  point  of  interest  in  the 
Dominion.  In  religion,  he  is  a  Presbyterian. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  has  been  an  elder 
in  Chalmer's  Church,  and  was  a  commis- 
sioner from  the  presbytery  of  Quebec  to  the 
general  assembly  held  in  Winnipeg,  Mani- 
toba, in  June,  1887.  He  has  always  been 
a  Liberal  in  politics,  and  gives  a  generous 
support  to  the  Liberal  party.  In  1865  he 
was  married  to  Jane,  daughter  of  David 
Blair,  of  Lotbiniere,  Province  of  Quebec, 
who  emigrated  from  Scotland  in  1831. 

Rourke,  .lame*.  Manufacturer,  St. 
Martin's,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at  Mus- 
quash, St.  John  county,  N.B.,  on  the  27th 
of  June,  1838.  His  father  was  William 
Henry  Kourke,  a  descendant  of  O'Kourke, 
one  of  the  kings  of  Ireland.  His  mother, 
Phoebe  Ann  Cronk,  born  in  Digby,  Nova 
Scotia,  came  of  a  Lancaster,  England,  fam- 
ily. Mr.  Rourke  received  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  parish.  He  re- 
moved from  Musquash  in  1858,  to  Hope- 
well,  Albert  county,  N.B.,  and  in  1863  left 
Albert  county  and  took  up  his  permanent 
abode  at  St.  Martin's,  where  he  now  resides. 
Early  in  life  he  devoted  himself  to  business 
pursuits,  and  is  now  extensively  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  and  shipping  of  lumber  at 
St.  Martin's.  He  is  connected  with  the  St. 
Martin's  Manufacturing  Company;  the  Up- 
ham  Railway  Company;  the  North-Eastern 
Railway  Company,  and  the  Bell  Telephone 
Company.  He  takes  an  interest  in  military 
affairs,  and  is  captain  of  the  St.  Martin's 


Rifles  Company  of  Volunteers.  He  is  a 
past  master  of  the  Masonic  brotherhood, 
and  is  also  a  member  of  the  order  of  Odd- 
fellows. In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal-Con- 
servative, and  is  vice-president  of  St.  Mar- 
tin's Liberal- Conservative  Club.  At  the 
last  general  election  he  was  nominated  for 
a  seat  in  the  New  Brunswick  legislature  for 
St.  John  city  and  county,  but  failed  to  carry 
his  election,  although  he  received  a  large 
vote.  He  was  a  member  of  the  municipal 
council  of  St.  John  city  and  county  from 
1876  to  1886,  but  on  his  being  appointed  a 
valuator  he  resigned.  However,  he  was 
again  elected  in  1887  to  a  seat  in  the  coun- 
cil, as  representative  of  his  parish.  He  is 
an  adherent  of  the  Episcopal  church.  On 
the  16th  March,  1871,  he  was  married  to 
Charlotte  Wishart,  daughter  of  Captain  B. 
Wishart,  a  native  of  Scotland. 

lire,  Rev.  Robert,  D.D.,  Minister  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  Goderich,  Ontario, 
though  a  long  resident  of  Canada, — having 
come  to  the  country  in  1  42 — is  a  Scotch- 
man by  birth.  He  was  born  in  the  parish 
of  Shotts,  Lanarkshire,  on  the  23rd  Janu- 
ary, 1823.  His  father,  John  Ure,  was  an 
iron  founder  in  Dumbarton,  Scotland,  and, 
like  many  other  enterprising  men  of  his  day, 
helped  to  develop  the  iron  industries  of  his 
native  country,  and  are  now  held  in  grate- 
ful remembrance  by  the  toiling  thousands 
in  the  south-west  of  Scotland.  His  mother 
was  Barbara  Dalziel.  The  Ure  family,  from 
which  the  subject  of  our  sketch  is  descend- 
ed, came  originally  from  France,  being 
Huguenots,  and  settled  in  Scotland.  Robert 
received  his  primary  education  in  his  native 
parish,  and  when  only  nineteen  years  of 
age  emigrated  to  Canada,  and  settled  in 
Hamilton,  Ontario.  Having  resolved  to  de- 
vote himself  to  the  ministry,  he  for  a  time 
studied  privately  with  the  late  Rev.  Alexan- 
der Gale,  M.A.,  Presbyterian  minister,  and 
then,  in  1845,  entered  Knox  College,  To- 
ronto, and  completed  his  theological  course 
in  1850.  The  same  year  he  received  a  call 
to  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Streetsville, 
where  he  remained  for  twelve  years.  In 
1862  he  removed  to  Goderich,  and  here  he 
has  since  labored  with  great  acceptance,  and 
is  greatly  beloved  by  his  flock.  Dr.  lire's 
scholastic  attainments  are  of  a  high  order, 
and  in  recognition  of  this,  Queen's  College, 
Kingston,  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  May,  1876.  For 
two  years  he  lectured  in  Knox  College, 


376 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Toronto,  on  apologetics,  still  attending  to 
his  pastoral  duties,  but  in  consequence  of 
ill-health  he  had  to  give  up  this  lectureship. 
During  the  years  1879-80  he  gave  lectures 
on  homiletics  in  Queen's  College,  Kingston, 
and  when  the  Knox  College  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation was  formed,  the  doctor  was  chosen 
its  first  president.  Dr.  Ure  took  a  con- 
spicuous part  in  bringing  about  the  union 
of  the  Presbyterian  churches  in  Canada; 
first  with  the  'United  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  secondly  with  that  connected  with  the 
Kirk  of  Scotland.  During  the  negotiations 
for  the  former  union  he  was  convenor  of  one 
committee,  and  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  William 
Taylor,  of  Montreal,  of  the  other.  When 
the  scheme  had  been  consummated,  Dr. 
Taylor,  being  the  senior,  was  honored  by 
being  chosen  first  moderator  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  united  churches,  and  Dr. 
Ure  had  a  similar  honor  conferred  upon  him 
by  being  its  second  moderator  after  the 
union.  In  the  subject  of  education  the  doc- 
tor takes  the  deepest  interest,  and  for  a  long 
period  he  served  as  grammar  school  trus- 
teje.  He  has  a  large  parish,  with  two  coun- 
try stations  attached,  and  has  the  advantage 
of  an  assistant.  He  is  an  eloquent  preacher, 
and  his  sermons  are  noted  for  their  earnest- 
ness and  originality.  He  has  been  twice 
married.  He  was  married  to  his  first  wife, 
Margaret  Gale,  sister  of  the  late  Eev.  Alex- 
ander Gale,  M.A.,  first  Presbyterian  minis- 
ter of  Hamilton.  This  estimable  lady  died 
in  December,  1869.  His  present  wife  is 
Mary  Eraser,  widow  of  the  late  Sheriff  Mac- 
donald,  of  Goderich. 

Taclie,  Eugene  Etienne,  Quebec, 
Assistant  Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands 
for  the  Province  of  Quebec,  Provincial 
Land  Surveyor  for  Upper  and  Lower  Can- 
ada, and  Architect,  was  born  at  St.  Thomas, 
Montmagny  county,  on  the  24th  of  Octo- 
ber, 1836.  His  father  was  the  Hon.  Sir 
Etienne  Paschal  Tache,  one  of  the  fathers 
of  confederation,  and  his  mother,  Sophie 
Morency.  Mr.  Tache,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  was  educated  at  the  Seminary  of 
Quebec,  and  at  the  Upper  Canada  Col- 
lege, Toronto.  In  1862  he  held  a  captain's 
commission  in  the  Chasseurs  Canadiens  in 
Quebec,  and  after  his  temporary  removal  to 
Ottawa,  held  for  a  time  the  position  of  lieu- 
tenant in  the  Civil  Service  Rifle  Corps.  He 
is  also  a  captain  in  the  sedentary  militia  of 
Quebec.  In  1869  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  assistant  commissioner  of  Crown 


Lands  for  the  province  of  Quebec,  and  this 
position  he  occupies  now.  As  a  surveyor, 
he  has  had  considerable  experience.  For 
eighteen  months,  while  studying  this  branch 
of  his  profession  under  Walter  Shanley, 
C.E.,  he  was  engaged  on  the  survey  of  the 
Ottawa  Ship  Canal.  As  an  architect,  too, 
he  has  done  a  good  deal,  having  acted  in 
this  capacity  in  the  erection  of  the  Quebec 
parliamentary  buildings,  and  the  Quebec 
drill  hall.  He  was  also  the  designer  of  the 
handsome  fagades  on  the  new  court  house, 
in  Quebec.  In  the  midst  of  hip  various  du- 
ties he  has  devoted  some  time  to  travel,  and 
in  1867  visited  Britain,  France,  and  Italy. 
He  is  the  author  of  "  Maps  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec,"  of  which  he  issued  two  editions, 
the  first  in  1870,  and  the  second  in  1880. 
In  religion,  Mr.  Tache  is  a  Roman  Catholic. 
He  has  been  twice  married;  first,  in  July, 
1859,  to  O.  Eleonore  Bender,  who  died  with- 
out issue;  second,  to  Clara  J.  Duchesnay, 
daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  Antoine  Juchereau 
Duchesnay,  senator.  Five  children  have 
been  born  of  this  union. 

Adams,  Aaron  A.,  Coaticook,  province 
of  Quebec. — Mr.  Adams,  who  was  born  at 
Henniker,  New  Hampshire,  United  States, 
on  the  2nd  September,  1806,  and  died  at 
Coaticook,  on  the  13th  of  August,  1887, 
at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty-one  years,  came 
to  Canada  when  only  sixteen  years  of  age, 
and  made  his  home  in  the  Eastern  Town- 
ships. He  went  into  trade  in  1832,  at  George- 
ville,  then  an  important  place,  and  removed 
to  Barnston  in  1837,  where  he  continued  to 
trade  with  the  late  M.  W.  Copp,  and  others 
until  1853.  Then  he  took  up  his  abode  in 
Coaticook,  then  a  straggling  village  of  about 
a  dozen  houses.  He  traded  here  for  some 
years  in  company  with  John  Thornton,  and 
was  subsequently  largely  interested  in  min- 
ing operations,  at  the  time  it  was  very  active 
in  the  townships.  Of  late  years  Mr.  Adams' 
private  business  was  principally  confined  to 
farming.  For  the  past  fifty  years  scarcely 
any  public  enterprise,  affecting  the  interests 
of  this  part  of  the  townships,  has  been  car- 
ried through  without  Mr.  Adams'  active  and 
cordial  support.  He  was  for  many  years  a 
leader  in  municipal  matters,  and  in  perfect- 
ing Coaticook's  present  municipal  organiza- 
tion. He  was  a  member  of  the  first  district 
council,  and  under  the  new  order  a  member 
of  Barnston  council,  of  which  he  was  mayor 
for  several  years,  and  at  different  times  war- 
den of  the  county.  He  was  a  member  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


377 


first  council  of  Coaticook  and  mayor,  which 
office  he  held  for  several  years  Of  this  first 
council,  elected  twenty-three  years  ago, 
only  one  member,  A.  K.  Fox,  now  survives. 
Mr.  Adams  was  an  active  promoter  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  and  Atlantic  Railway,  now 
operated  by  the  Grand  Trunk  and  connect- 
ing Montreal  and  Portland.  He  was  also 
actively  engaged  in  the  Massawippi  Valley 
road,  now  operated  by  the  Passumpsic 
Company.  The  establishment  of  the  East- 
ern Townships'  Bank  was  actively  promoted 
by  him.  He  was  one  of  the  first  directors, 
and  from  1880  to  1885  was  vice-president  of 
the  institution.  He  was  also  for  many 
years  a  director  of  the  S.  and  S.  Mutual 
Insurance  Company.  All  local  enterprises 
received  active  and  substantial  support  from 
him.  He  was,  from  its  foundation,  a  direc- 
tor of  the  flourishing  industry,  the  Coati- 
cook Knitting  Company,  of  which  he  was 
vice-president  at  the  time  of  his  death.  In 
religion,  Mr.  Adams  was  a  Methodist,  and 
most  zealous  and  consistent  in  his  belief 
and  practice;  he  joined  this  church  at  an 
early  age,  and  for  many  years  was  a  class 
leader  and  Sunday  school  teacher  in  its 
.service.  Few  men  led  a  more  active  and 
useful  life,  and  his  death  was  greatly  re- 
gretted by  his  numerous  friends.  He  left 
a  widow,  two  daughters,  and  two  sons, 
namely:  Mrs.  Pomroy,  of  Compton;  Mrs. 
Baker,  of  Haverhill,  Mass.;  A.  F.  Adams, 
of  Coaticook;  and  George  E.  Adams,  of 
Boston,  United  States. 

Cimoii,  Hon.  Marie  Honoring 
Ernest,  Fraserville,  Riviere  du  Loup  (en 
bas),  a  Puisne  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court 
for  the  province  of  Quebec,  was  born  at 
Murray  Bay,  province  of  Quebec,  on  the 
30th  March,  1848.  He  is  a  son  of  Cleophe 
Cimon,  notary  public  of  Murray  Bay,  who 
represented  Charlevoix  county  in  the  Cana- 
dian Assembly  from  1858  to  1861.  His 
mother,  Marie  Caroline  Langlois,  was  a  sis- 
ter of  the  late  Jean  Langlois,  Q.C.,  a  dis- 
tinguished member  of  the  bar  of  Quebec, 
who  represented,  for  several  years,  the  coun- 
ty of  Montmorency  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. Cleophe  Cimon,  the  father  of  our 
sketch,  was  born  at  Murray  Bay,  January 
30th,  1822,  from  the  marriage  of  Hubert 
Cimon,  by  Angele  Simard  dit  Lombrette. 
Hubert  Cimon,  his  grandfather,  was  born 
at  1'Isle-Verte,  province  of  Quebec,  April 
22nd,  1789,  from  the  marriage  of  Jean  Bap- 
tiste  Cimon,  by  Marie  Angelique  Salomee 


Miville  dit  Dechene,  and  died  in  Bay  St. 
Paul,  county  of  Charlevoix,  August  27th, 
1854.  Jean  Baptiste  Cimon,  his  great- 
grandfather, was  born  July  20th,  1751,  at 
Riviere  Ouelle,  province  of  Quebec,  from 
the  marriage  of  Jean  Francois  Cimon, 
by  Marie  Dorothe"e  Gagnon.  This  Jean 
Francois  Cimon  (whose  name  was  then 
written  Simon)  was  his  first  ancestor  who 
came  alone  from  France  to  settle  in  Can- 
ada, about  the  year  1744,  leaving  his 
father,  Joseph  Simon,  with  Jeanne  Le- 
feuvre,  his  mother,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Pe*e, 
Evdche  de  Coutance,  province  de  Rouen,  en 
Normandie,  France,  where  they  were  living. 
Judge  Cimon  was  educated  at  Ste.  Anne  de 
Lapocatiere's  College,  Seminary  of  Quebec, 
and  Laval  University,  where  he  became  a 
licentiate  of  law  (LL.L. )  in  June,  1871. 
He  was  called  to  the  bar  of  Lower  Canada 
on  the  12th  July,  1871,  and  took  up  his  res- 
idence in  Chicoutimi  (Saguenay),  where 
he  practised  from  July  16th,  1871,  to  July, 
1882.  He  acted  as  Crown  prosecutor  in 
Chicoutimi  from  1873  to  1882,  and  from 
1871  to  1882  his  services  were  retained  in 
all  the  important  cases  brought  before  the 
courts  of  that  district.  He  sat  in  the  House 
of  Commons  for  the  united  counties  of  Chi- 
coutimi and  Saguenay  from  1874  to  1882  as 
a  Conservative  member.  For  eleven  years 
he  was  an  active  promoter  of  all  the  public 
enterprises  in  the  Saguenay  and  Lake  St. 
John  country ;  and  to  his  efforts  and  energy 
are  due  the  telegraphic  line  to  Chicoutimi, 
the  Marine  Hospital,  the  deepening  of  the 
river  Saguenay.  Members  of  the  then  House 
of  Commons  well  remember  how  strongly 
he  advocated  the  Federal  subsidy,  granted 
in  the  session  of  1882  to  the  Quebec  and 
Lake  St.  John  Railway,  and  the  other  im- 
portant public  works  obtained  by  his  influ- 
ence for  the  Chicoutimi  and  Saguenay 
counties.  He  was  mayor  of  the  town  of 
Chicoutimi  from  1881  to  J882,  and  also  pre- 
sident of  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society  of 
Chicoutimi.  He  was  appointed  a  Queen's 
counsel  in  January,  1882,  and  elevated  to 
the  Bench  on  the  20th  July,  1882,  with 
residence  at  Perce,  Gaspe  county ;  but  soon 
afterwards,  in  June,  1883,  was  transferred 
to  Joliette,  province  of  Quebec.  He  received 
the  commission  of  revising  officer  for  the 
county  of  Joliette  in  October,  1885,  and  re- 
signed this  situation  in  May,  1886.  He  re- 
sided in  Joliette  for  three  years;  but  since 
April,  1880,  he  has  administered  justice  in 


378 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  district  of  Kamouraska.  The  Hon.  Mr. 
Cimon  was  the  recipient  of  congratulatory 
addresses,  when  appointed  a  judge,  from 
the  citizens  of  Chicotitimi,  the  bar  of  Perce, 
and  from  the  bar  of  Joliette  and  I'Assomp- 
tion  on  his  arrival.  He  also  received  a  fare- 
well and  complimentary  address  on  leaving 
Joliette,  soon  followed  by  a  welcome  ad- 
dress from  the  bar  of  Kamouraska.  In  re- 
ligion, he  is  a  Roman  Catholic,  as  his  ances- 
tors were.  He  married,  January  27,  1880, 
Marie  Delphine,  only  daughter  of  the  late 
Pierre  Antoine  Doucet,  judge  of  the  Sessions 
of  the  Peace,  Quebec,  by  Marie  The'rese 
Delphine,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Hon. 
Judge  Bruneau,  of  the  Superior  Court,  her 
godfather,  and  niece  and  goddaughter  of 
Olivette  Doucet,  the  wife  of  the  well-known 
historian,  Eobert  Christie,  of  Quebec,  who 
for  over  thirty  years  represented  the  county 
of  Gaspe  in  the  old  Canadian  Assembly. 

de  Cazes,  Paul,  Secretary  of  the  De- 
partment of  Public  Instruction  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  was  born  in  Britanny, 
France,  on  the  17th  June,  1841,  and  came 
to  Canada  in  February,  1858.  He  is  the 
son  of  Charles  de  Cazes,  who  arrived  in  Can- 
ada in  1855,  and  settled  in  the  Eastern 
Townships,  where  he  purchased  consider- 
able property  near  Danville.  This  gentle- 
man was  elected  member  for  the  counties  of 
Richmond  and  Wolfe  in  1861,  and  died  in 
1867,  being  the  only  Frenchman  by  birth 
who  has  been  a  member  of  the  Canadian 
parliament.  Paul  de  Cazes  studied  at  Paris 
at  IS  Institution  Loriol,  a  preparatory  or 
training  school  for  the  navy,  and  at  the 
Polytechnic  School.  He  obtained  a  certi- 
ficate from  the  Military  School  at  Quebec 
in  1865.  He  edited  Le  Messager  de  Joliette, 
and  Le  Courier  de  St.  Hyacinthe  for  some 
time.  He  also  owned  and  edited  La  Nation, 
published  at  St.  Hyacinthe;  and  was  for 
five  years  a  contributor  to  Le  Monde,  of 
Paris.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Que- 
bec in  October,  1869,  and  practised  law  from 
that  date  until  1874  at  St.  Hyacinthe,  in 
partnership  with  the  Hon.  H.  Mercier,  the 
present  premier  of  the  province  of  Quebec. 
In  January,  1874,  he  was  sent  to  Paris  as 
agent  for  the  Dominion,  took  part  in  the 
Paris  Exposition  of  1878,  and  was  recalled 
in  April,  1879.  He  was  appointed  an  officer 
of  the  department  of  Public  Instruction  in 
April,  1880,  and  secretary  of  the  same  de- 
partment in  April,  1886.  He  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Geographical  Society  of 


France  in  1875,  and  member  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  C  anada  at  its  formation.  He 
was  vice-president  of  the  first  section  of 
the  said  Society  from  May,  1884,  to  May, 
1886,  and  president  of  the  same  from  May, 
1886,  to  May,  1887,  and  he  is  a  member  of 
several  other  learned  societies.  He  is  the  au- 
thor of  "  Notes  sur  le  Canada,"  of  which  four 
editions  have  been  printed,  and  of  several 
essays  and  studies,  published  at  various 
times  in  France  and  Canada.  The  papers 
contributed  by  him  to  the  Transactions  of 
the  Royal  Society  of  Canada  are  the  fol- 
owing: — "Deux  Points  d'Histoire";  "La 
Frontiere  Nord  de  la  Province  de  Quebec"; 
"  La  Langue  que  nous  parlons."  In  re- 
ligion he  is  a  member  of  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic church.  He  married,  on  the  3rd  No- 
vember, 1869,  Hermine  St.  Denis,  sister-in- 
law  of  the  Hon.  H.  Mercier,  premier  of  the 
province  of  Quebec. 

Ratcliflfe,  Rev.  John  Hepburn, 
Pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  St. 
Catharines,  Ontario,  was  born  in  the  town- 
ship of  East  Whitby,  county  of  Ontario, 
province  of  Ontario,  on  the  15th  November, 
1849.  His  parents,  John  Ratcliffe  and  Mar- 
garet Hepburn,  were  both  born  in  Lanark- 
shire, Scotland,  emigrated  to  Canada  in  the 
year  1833,  and  were  among  the  pioneers  of 
East  Whitby.  They  belonged  to  that  branch 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  known  as  the 
United  Presbyterian  church,  which  in  1861 
united  with  the  Free  church,  and  formed 
the  Canada  Presbyterian  church.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen,  Hepburn  Ratcliffe,  their 
second  son,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  left 
the  farm  to  engage  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
but  in  the  course  of  a  few  years  was  led  to 
devote  his  life  to  the  ministry  of  the  Word. 
He  entered  Knox  College  in  the  autumn  of 
1869,  and  pursued  his  studies,  first  under 
the  Rev.  George  Paxton  Young,  now  the 
learned  professor  of  metaphysics  and  ethics 
in  Toronto  University,  and  afterwards  in 
the  divinity  classes,  graduating  in  the  spring 
of  1876.  In  October  of  the  same  year  he 
was  called  to  the  pastoral  charge  of  Ancaster 
and  Alberton,  and  was  ordained  and  induct- 
ed by  the  Presbytery  of  Hamilton  on  the 
1st  November.  Here  he  continued  to  labor 
until  May,  1883,  when  he  became  pastor  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  St.  Catha- 
rines, where  he  is  now  laboring,  and  is  very 
much  respected  by  his  people.  He  was 
married  on  the  llth  Jauuary,  1887,  to  Mar- 
garet Fletcher,  of  Toronto. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


379 


Saint-Cyr,  Dominique  Napoleon 
Dcsliayes,  Conservator  of  the  Museum  of 
National  Instruction,  Quebec,  was  born  on 
;he  4th  of  August,  1826,  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Fean  Baptiste  de  Nicolet,  district  of  Three 
Rivers,  province  of  Quebec.  His  father, 
Fean  Baptiste  Deshayes  Saint-Cyr,  was 
m  honest  farmer,  and  his  mother,  Josephte 
Lefebvre  Descoteaux.  They  were  both  de- 
scended from  old  French  families,  hav- 
ng  numerous  representatives  all  over  the 
province,  and  more  particulary  in  the 
listrict  of  Three  Eivers.  After  undergo- 
ng  a  successful  course  of  classical  studies 
it  the  CoUege  of  Nicolet,  Mr.  Saint  Cyr 
proceeded  to  Sherbrooke,  Quebec,  at  that 
ime  settled  almost  entirely  by  people  of 
English  descent,  for  the  purpose  of  master- 
;ering  a  knowledge  of  the  English  language, 
;eaching  French  meanwhile  at  the  Lennox- 
rille  Grammar  School  from  1846  to  1848. 
ELe  then  founded  the  first  French  Catholic 
school  ever  established  in  Sherbrooke, 
caching  until  1850.  (This  school  still  ex- 
sts  in  the  town  of  Sherbrooke,  in  the  same 
juilding  in  which  it  was  started. )  In  Au- 
gust, 1850,  he  removed  to  St.  Anne  de  la 
Perade,  and  lived  in  that  beautiful  village 
until  1876,  devoting  twenty-six  years  of  his 
iife  to  the  noble  work  of  educating  the 
routh  of  the  country.  In  1851,  he  received 
ais  diploma  as  model  school  teacher,  and  in 
1859  that  of  academy  teacher.  In  1855,  he 
Eyas  elected  secretary-treasurer  of  the  muni- 
cipal council  of  Ste.  Anne,  and  filled  the 
luties  of  that  office  until  1863.  During 
that  period,  the  handsome  bridge,  1,400  feet 
.ong,  which  crosses  the  river  Ste.  Anne,  was 
built,  and  the  same  structure  is  still  stand- 
ing. In  1867  he  was  admitted  a  notary 
public.  He  attended  the  Quebec  Military 
School  in  1863,  and  received  a  first  class 
certificate,  and  went  into  camp  at  Laprairie 
in  1864.  In  1875  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  induced  to  enter  public  life,  and  was 
elected  to  the  Legislative  Assembly  for  the 
county  of  Champlain  by  a  majority  of  122, 
at  the  general  election  which  took  place  on 
bhe  7th  July  of  that  year.  The  constitu- 
ents of  his  county  elected  him  once  more  to 
represent  them  in  the  Assembly  at  the  gene- 
ral elections  held  on  the  1st  May,  1878,  by 
the  handsome  majority  of  566.  The  fa- 
vorite study  of  Mr.  Saint-Cyr  had  been 
natural  history,  and,  to  have  more  freedom, 
he  resolved,  in  1881,  to  abandon  public  life, 
and  to  devote  his  time  to  the  formation  of  a 


museum  of  specimens  of  natural  history  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  with  the  result  of 
forming  the  museum  of  public  instruction, 
which  is  composed  of  large  collections  of 
plants,  insects,  fossils,  minerals,  etc.,  and 
for  which  he  was  awarded  at  the  last  pro- 
vincial exhibition  eleven  diplomas,  four 
medals,  and  two  first  prizes  in  cash,  and 
this  he  considered  sufficient  reward  for  his 
untiring  efforts.  His  appointment  as  con- 
servator of  the  Museum  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion was  confirmed  by  order-in-council  on 
the  6th  of  April,  1886.  In  1882,  Mr.  Saint- 
Cyr  started  on  a  scientific  expedition  to 
the  Labrador  coast  and  the  islands,  return- 
ing on  the  20th  September  of  the  same  year. 
He  brought  back  with  him  a  large  number 
of  plants,  insects,  shells  (living  and  fossil), 
minerals,  etc.,  to  enrich  his  embryo  museum. 
He  made  another  voyage  to  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence  in  1885,  a  report  of  which  was 
published  by  order  of  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly in  April,  1886.  A  second  edition 
of  the  same  work,  ordered,  at  the  last  ses- 
sion of  parliament,  to  be  printed,  was  issued 
in  November,  1887.  He  also  wrote  for 
several  years  in  Le  Naturaliste  Canadien 
on  Canadian  zoology,  etc.  At  the  present 
time  he  devotes  all  his  energies  to  the  en- 
largement and  management  of  the  museum 
entrusted  to  his  care.  On  the  12th  Sep- 
tember, 1854,  Mr.  Saint-Cyr  married  Marie 
Eose  Anne  Amanda,  a  daughter,  of  Antoine 
Deshayes  Saint-Cyr  and  Marguerite  Emilie 
Kicard,  by  whom  he  had  issue  fifteen  child- 
ren, eight  of  whom  still  survive,  five  sons 
and  three  daughters.  His  residence  is  Ste. 
Anne  de  la  Perade. 

Thoma§,  Benjamin  Daniel,  D.D., 
Pastor  of  the  Jarvis  Street  Baptist  Church, 
Toronto. — This  popular  divine  is  a  Welsh- 
man by  birth,  having  been  born  near  Nar- 
berth,  Pembrokeshire,  on  the  23rd  January, 
1843.  He  comes  of  a  good  stock.  His 
parents  were  Benjamin  and  Jane  Thomas. 
His  father,  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Thomas,  was 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  Church  in  Narberth 
for  the  long  period  of  forty  years.  Dr. 
Thomas  received  his  primary  education  in 
Graig  House  Academy  at  Swansea,  where 
he  spent  four  years,  and  then  entered  Hav- 
erford-West,  the  denominational  college  of 
South  Wales,  where  he  pursued  a  regular 
course  of  study,  and  graduated.  Immedi- 
ately on  leaving  college  he  was  chosen  pas- 
tor of  the  Baptist  Church  at  Neath,  Glamor- 
ganshire, where  he  successfully  labored  fo~ 


:380 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


six  years.  In  the  fall  of  1868  he  came  to 
the  United  States,  and  soon  after  his  arrival 
entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
Church  in  Pittston,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
remained  nearly  three  years.  In  October, 
1871,  became  pastor  of  the  Fifth  Church, 
one  of  the  largest  in  Philadelphia,  where  he 
labored  with  great  acceptance  until  he  re- 
moved to  Canada.  In  1 882  he  was  chosen  as 
successor  to  Rev.  Dr.  John  Castle,  who  had 
become  principal  of  McMaster  Hall  (Baptist 
College),  Toronto,  and  in  October  of  the 
same  year  he  settled  as  pastor  of  Jarvis 
Street  Baptist  Church.  Here  a  large  con- 
gregation attends  his  ministrations,  to  whom 
he  has  greatly  endeared  himself.  As  a 
preacher  he  is  popular,  and  never  fails  to 
bring  forth  things  new  and  old  from  Bible 
treasures,  and  presents  them  to  his  hearers 
in  "  thoughts  that  breathe  and  words  that 
burn."  He  contributes  occasionally  to  re- 
ligious papers  and  magazines ;  and  a  few 
years  ago  he  published  a  small  volume  of 
great  merit,  entitled,  "  Popular  Excuses  of 
the  Unconverted."  He  favors  all  social 
movements  having  in  view  the  elevation  of 
the  race,  and  labors  earnestly  to  extend 
Christ's  kingdom  on  the  earth.  He  was 
married  in  Wales,  in  1864,  to  Mary  Jones, 
but  this  estimable  lady  died  in  1886,  leav- 
ing six  children  behind,  with  their  father, 
to  mourn  her  early  demise. 

Ridiey,  Hon.  Matthew  II.,  Q.C., 
D.C.L.,  Government  House,  Halifax,  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor  of  the  Province  of  Nova 
Scotia,  was  born  on  the  10th  June,  1828,  at 
Windsor,  N.S.  He  is  the  third  son  of  the 
Bev.  Matthew  Bichey,  D.D.,  by  his  mar- 
riage with  Louisa  Matilda  Nichols,  a  native 
of  New  York,  but  of  English  parentage, 
her  grandfather  having  been  one  of  John 
Wesley's  assistants,  and  of  a  Cornish  family. 
Lieutenant-Governor  Bichey  received  his 
education  at  the  Windsor  Collegiate  School, 
the  Upper  Canada  Academy  (Cobourg),  of 
which  his  father  was  the  first  principal,  the 
Upper  Canada  College  (Toronto),  and 
Queen's  College  (Kingston),  where  he  went 
through  the  usual  course  of  study  in  the 
English  branches  and  "classics.  He  adopted 
law  as  a  profession,  and  began  its  study  in 
Windsor,  N.S.,  in  the  office  of  the  Hon. 
Lewis  M.  Wilkins,  afterwards  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia. 
He  was  called  to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia  in 
1850,  and  practised  his  profession  in  Hali- 
fax. In  1873  he  was  created  a  Queen's 


counsel.  He  occupied  a  prominent  posi- 
tion among  his  fellow-citizens  of  Halifax; 
sat  as  alderman  in  the  city  council  during 
the  years  1858-1864,  inclusive;  and  was 
mayor  of  the  city  for  six  years,  namely, 
from  1864  to  1867,  and  from  1875  to  1878. 
His  attention  to  the  duties  of  his  office  won 
general  approbation.  At  the  general  elec- 
tions held  in  September,  1878,  he  was  first 
elected  to  represent  Halifax  in  the  House  of 
Commons  at  Ottawa,  and  occupied  a  place 
in  that  house  until  his  appointment  to  the 
position  of  lieutenant-governor  on  the  4th 
July,  1883,  and  this  office  he  has  since  held 
with  dignity  and  satisfaction  to  the  people 
of  Nova  Scotia.  While  in  political  life  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Liberal-Conservative 
party.  For  some  years  he  was  president 
of  the  Halifax  School  Association,  a  society 
originated  for  the  purpose  of  working  re- 
forms in  the  school  system  of  his  province; 
and  in  1865,  when  the  law  establishing 
free  schools  came  into  operation,  he  was 
chosen  one  of  the  school  commissioners,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  for  several  years. 
When  the  University  of  Halifax  was  estab- 
lished he  was  appointed  by  the  government 
one  of  the  members  of  the  senate  of  the  uni- 
versity, and  was  also  one  of  its  examiners 
in  jurisprudence  and  Boman  law.  Mount 
Allison  Wesleyan  College,  Sackville,  New 
Brunswick,  conferred  upon  him  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  D.C.L.  in  1884.  Lieut.- 
Governor  Bichey  has  always  manifested  a 
strong  inclination  towards  the  promotion 
of  social  science,  and  formerly  gave  much 
time  to  literary  and  charitable  institutions, 
which,  in  Halifax,  are  numerous  and  well 
conducted.  Mr.  Bichey  was  for  some  years 
the  president  of  the  Halifax  Society  for  the 
Prevention  of  Cruelty,  and  when  a  member 
of  the  parliament  of  Canada,  was  active  in 
promoting  remedial  legislation  in  further- 
ance of  the  objects  of  such  societies.  His 
honor  is  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist 
Church  of  Canada.  For  six  years,  from 
1854  to  1860,  he  conducted  with  marked 
success  the  denominational  organ  of  that 
church  in  the  Maritime  provinces.  While 
in  the  Dominion  Parliament  he  did  not  often 
speak,  but  when  he  did  so,  was  listened  to 
attentively.  During  the  session  of  1879 
he  spoke  on  the  then  all-absorbing  ques- 
tion— the  tariff.  In  1880  he  was  selected 
by  the  premier  to  move  the  answer  to  the 
Speech  from  the  throne;  and  he  led  in  the 
adjourned  debate  on  the  question  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


381 


fishery  award,  in  a  speech  which  covered 
a  large  field  of  constitutional  law,  and  the 
relations  of  the  provinces  to  the  Dominion 
under  the  Act  of  Confederation.  He  was 
married  on  the  22nd  June,  1854,  to  Sarah 
Lavinia,  daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  John 
Hawkins  Anderson,  for  some  time  member 
of  the  Legislative  Council,  and  receiver- 
general  of  the  province  of  Nova  Scotia,  and 
called  by  Royal  proclamation  to  the  Senate 
of  Canada,  1st  July,  1867.  Three  children 
have  been  the  fruit  of  their  union.  Hon. 
Mr.  Anderson  died  in  1870. 

McNeil,  Hon.  Daniel,  Barrister, 
Port  Hood,  Cape  Breton,  Nova  Scotia, 
M.P.P.  for  Inverness  county,  N.S.,  was  born 
at  Mabou,  C.B.,  on  the  31st  January,  1853. 
He  is  the  second  son  of  Malcolm  and  Ellen 
McNeil,  and  brother  of  the  Eev.  Neil  Mc- 
Neil, D.D.,  Ph.D.,  rector  of  St.  Francois 
Xavier  College,  Antigonish.  The  subject 
of  our  sketch  is  descended,  on  the  paternal 
side,  from  Roderick  McNeil,  of  Bara,  Scot- 
land, who  settled  in  Cape  Breton  during 
the  early  part  of  this  century.  Hon.  Mr. 
McNeil  was  educated  at  the  St.  Frangois 
Xavier  College.  He  studied  law  at  Halifax ; 
was  called  to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia  in  De- 
cember, 1879,  and  then  removed  to  Port 
Hood,  the  shiretown  of  his  native  county. 
Here  he  entered  into  partnership  with  S. 
Macdonneil,  Q.C.,  ex-M.P.,  and  continued 
as  a  partner  with  this  gentleman  for  about 
three  years  and  a  half,  when  the  partnership 
was  dissolved.  Afterwards  he  became  the 
senior  member  of  the  law  firm  of  McNeil  & 
Hensley,  solicitors,  notaries  public,  etc.,  in 
the  same  town.  In  June,  1883,  Mr.  McNeil 
was  appointed  a  school  commissioner  for 
South  Inverness ;  in  July,  of  the  same  year, 
a  notary  and  tabellion  public ;  and  in  March, 
1884,  a  commissioner  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Nova  Scotia.  He  has  for  a  number  of 
years  taken  an  interest  in  all  the  political 
movements, — municipal,  provincial  and  fed- 
eral—and always  on  the  Liberal  side.  He 
was  first  returned  to  the  Nova  Scotia  legis- 
lature at  the  last  general  election;  and  on 
the  28th  June,  1886,  was  sworn  in  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Council  of  Nova  Scotia, 
and  took  office  in  the  Fielding  administra- 
tion, without  a  portfolio.  In  religion  he  is 
an  adherent  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church. 
He  married,  on  the  4th  August,  1881,  Ellen 
Maria  Margaret,  youngest  daughter  of  the 
late  James  McDonnell.  For  a  period  of 
upwards  of  a  quarter  of  a  century,  this 


gentleman  held  the  important  offices  of  pro- 
thonotary  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  clerk 
of  the  Crown  at  Port  Hood;  also  the  office 
of  registrar  of  deeds  for  the  county  of  Inver- 
ness for  many  years.  He  was  the  first  in- 
spector of  schools  for  Inverness  county 
under  the  present  educational  system  of  the 
province. 

Cliabot,  Julien,  Harbor  Commission- 
er, Quebec,  was  born  at  Levis,  in  October, 
1834,  and  is  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  old- 
est French  families  who  emigrated  from. 
Poitiers,  France,  and  settled  in  Canada  in 
the  vicinity  of  Quebec  in  1632.  His  father, 
Julien  Chabot,  was  born  at  the  Island  of 
Orleans  in  1800,  and  died  on  10th  August, 
1864.  He  came  to  Levis  at  the  age  of 
thirteen,  and  here  he  married  Dame  Susanne 
Carrier  in  1830.  Being  engaged  in  navi- 
gation, he  gained  wealth  and  reputation  by 
promoting  the  local  industries  of  Levis. 
He  built  the  first  horse  boat  which  crossed 
the  ferry  between  Quebec  and  Levis  in 
1828,  and  afterwards  the  first  regular  ferry- 
boat which  ran  between  the  two  cities  in 
1844.  He  was  also  extensively  engaged  in 
the  towing  business,  and  between  the  years 
1845  and  1860  he  built  several  tug  steamers 
to  tow  sailing  vessels  from  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence  to  Montreal.  His  son  Julien,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  was  educated  in  the 
Seminary  of  Quebec  from  1846  to  1853; 
and  in  1856  he  became  a  partner  with  his 
father,  and  took  the  management  of  the 
business.  In  1863  he  succeeded,  with  all 
the  tug  owners  of  the  port  of  Quebec,  in 
forming  a  joint  stock  company,  called  the 
St.  Lawrence  Tow  Boat  Company,  and 
had  it  incorporated  on  the  12th  of  May  of 
that  year,  for  the  purpose  of  towing  large 
sailing  vessels  from  the  Gulf  to  Montreal,, 
and  he  had  the  management  of  this  com- 
pany for  twenty -three  years.  During  this 
period  he  supported  the  views  of  the  presi- 
dent of  the  company,  Hon.  Thomas  Mc- 
Greevy  and  of  the  bishop,  D.  Racine,  in 
inaugurating  in  1866  the  Saguenay  line, 
which  has  proved  so  beneficial  to  the  col- 
onization of  the  Chicoutimi  district  and  the 
St.  John  valley.  Since  1874  a  daily  line 
has  been  established  to  Ha  !  Ha  !  Bay  and 
Chicoutimi,  the  management  of  which  is 
highly  praised  by  the  local  and  principally 
by  the  American  tourists.  The  Saguenay 
line  is  now  connected  with  the  Richelieu 
and  Ontario  Navigation  Company,  and  is 
under  the  special  management  of  its  inaug- 


382 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


urator,  Mr.  Chabot.  He  had  the  control  of 
the  Quebec  and  Levis  ferries  for  several 
years,  during  which  period  the  old  system 
of  summer  and  winter  ferries  were  remodel- 
led and  rebuilt  in  the  best  modern  style, 
and  were  classified  the  best  ferry  steamers  in 
Canada.  Mr.  Chabot  having  been  impressed 
from  his  boyhood  with  the  difficulties  of  the 
winter  navigation  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
several  successful  tests  were  made  by  the 
St.  Lawrence  Steam  Navigation  Company, 
under  his  supervision,  during  the  winter 
months  on  the  Lower  St.  Lawrence.  Mr. 
Chabot  is  now  the  oldest  member  of  the 
Quebec  Harbor  Commissioners  trust,  having 
been  on  active  duty  since  1870,  and  has 
helped  as  trustee  with  his  co-members  in 
building  the  extensive  harbor  improvements 
in  the  port  of  Quebec,  and  in  securing  for 
Levis,  his  native  place,  the  location  of  the 
largest  graving  dock  on  this  continent.  He 
was  twice  elected  president  of  the  Board  of 
Trade  of  Levis.  In  religion,  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Eoman  Catholic  church,  and  held 
the  office  of  church  warden  in  Notre  Dame 
church  in  1879.  A  Conservative  in  politics, 
Mr.  Chabot  has  taken  a  prominent  part  in 
support  of  his  principles.  He  contested  the 
county  of  Levis  in  1874  against  Louis 
Honore  Frechette,  the  poet  laureate,  when 
the  Liberal  party  came  into  power,  but  was 
defeated  by  the  influence  of  the  Federal 
government  by  only  a  small  majority.  He 
married,  on  the  26th  October,  1858,  Mar- 
guerite Aimee  Brunelle,  daughter  of  the  cel- 
ebrated ship  builder,  Pierre  Brunelle,  of 
Quebec. 

I, iii: i  in,  Charle§  H.,  A.M.,  Barrister, 
Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at 
Fredericton  in  1846.  His  parents  were 
Charles  S.  Lugrin  and  Martha  Stevens.  ( See 
sketch  of  Charles  S.  Lugrin. )  Mr.  Lugrin 
received  his  education  at  the  Collegiate 
School  of  Fredericton,  and  at  the  New 
Brunswick  University,  graduating  from  the 
latter  institution  in  1865.  For  some  time 
he  taught  the  St.  Stephen's  High  School, 
and  afterwards  studied  law.  In  1868  he 
was  admitted  attorney,  and  called  to  the 
bar  of  New  Brunswick  in  due  course.  He 
was  appointed  clerk  of  the  peace,  clerk  of 
the  county  court,  and  clerk  of  circuits  for 
Victoria,  N.B.,  in  1869.  He  removed  to 
Grand  Falls,  Victoria,  in  that  year,  and  re- 
mained there  until  1874,  when  he  took  up 
his  abode  in  Fredericton,  and  joined  in  a 
law  partnership  with  George  Botsford. 


Since  that  time  he  has  been  engaged,  with 
much  success,  as  counsel  in  many  important 
criminal  cases.  He  acted  as  counsel  for  the 
temperance  party  in  New  Brunswick,  in  the 
cases  involving  the  constitutionality  of  the 
Canada  Temperance  Act.  He  has  also  en- 
gaged largely  in  journalism,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  politics,  unsuccessfully  con- 
testing Victoria  for  a  seat  in  the  local 
legislature  in  1878.  He  was  appointed  sec- 
retary of  the  Board  of  Agriculture  in  1885. 
He  is  the  author  of  the  works — "  New 
Brunswick  :  Its  Resources,  Advantages  and 
Progress;"  "Open  Season;"  "  The  Fer- 
tile Belt,"  and  numerous  pamphlets  and 
letters  upon  New  Brunswick,  commercial 
union,  temperance  legislation,  and  other 
subjects.  He  volunteered  and  was  enrolled 
at  St.  Stephen  at  the  time  of  the  threat- 
ened Fenian  raid  in  1866;  and  afterwards 
was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  reserve 
militia.  He  is  a  past  worthy  patriarch  of 
the  Sons  of  Temperance;  and  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  New  Brunswick  branch  of 
the  Prohibitory  Alliance.  He  has  been 
secretary  of  the  Fredericton  Board  of  Trade. 
In  religion  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Metho- 
dist church,  and  in  politics  a  Liberal.  He 
is  married  to  Maria,  daughter  of  G.  L.  Ray- 
mond, now  of  Olympia,  Washington  terri- 
tory. Mr.  Raymond  was  grandson  of  Rice 
Raymond,  a  lo'yalist  from  Long  Island. 

Spencer,  Elijah  Edmund,  Frelighs- 
burg,  province  of  Quebec,  M.P.P.  for  Mis- 
sisquoi  county,  is  of  English  and  Welsh  de- 
scent, but  his  immediate  ancestors  were 
United  Empire  loyalists.  He  is  a  son  of  the 
late  Ambrose  S.  Spencer,  who  was  for  many 
years  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  and 
magistrates  of  the  county,  and  whose  father 
before  him  was  among  the  first  who  settled 
in  that  section,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
the  stirring  scenes  connected  with  its  early 
history.  His  mother,  Mary  Thomas,  is  a 
daughter  of  the  late  Major  P.  Thomas,  who 
was  also  one  of  that  hardy  band  of  pioneers 
who  battled  so  successfully  with  the  rougher 
elements' of  an  early  settler's  life.  Elijah 
Edmund  Spencer,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
was  born  in  St.  Armand  East,  on  the  19th 
April,  1846,  and  has  always  resided  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  his  ancestral  home. 
He  received  his  education  mainly  at  the 
Frelighsburg  Grammar  School,  but  subse- 
quently passed  through  a  course  of  study 
at  Poughkeepsie,  in  the  state  of  New  York. 
In  June,  1883,  he  was  married  to  Frances 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


383 


S.,  daughter  of  the  late  R.  L.  Galer,  of  Dun- 
ham, province  of  Quebec,  with  whom  he  now 
resides  at  his  home  overlooking  the  pleasant 
village  of  Frelighsburg.  In  religion,  he  is  a 
Protestant,  and  in  politics,  a  Liberal-  Con- 
servative. He  has  always  followed  farming 
as  an  occupation,  and  has  at  the  present 
time  a  large  landed  estate  demanding  his 
personal  supervision.  From  his  boyhood  he 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  municipal  affairs, 
and  held  in  succession  many  prominent  offi- 
ces in  the  town  and  county.  He  was  for  some 
time  president  of  the  Missisquoi  County 
Agricultural  Society,  and  is  now  president  of 
the  Missisquoi  and  Rouville  Mutual  Fire  In- 
surance Company.  At  the  general  election 
in  1881,  for  member  of  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly of  the  province  of  Quebec,  the  county 
being  essentially  an  agricultural  one,  and  its 
farming  interest  largely  predominating,  he 
was  brought  forward  as  a  candidate,  repre- 
senting a  class  which  were  thought  to  be  as 
equally  deserving  recognition  as  the  com- 
mercial and  manufacturing  interests  of  the 
country.  The  result  was  his  return  by  a 
large  majority,  and  he  took  his  seat,  being 
one  of  the  youngest  members  of  the  house. 
At  the  last  general  election,  in  1886,  he 
again  came  forward  as  a  candidate,  and  his 
course  in  the  house  during  the  five  years  he 
held  the  seat  being  eminently  satisfactory, 
his  constituents  again  honored  him  with 
their  confidence,  and  re-elected  him  for 
another  term. 

Valin,  Pierre  Vincent,  Shipbuilder, 
Chateau  Richer,  county  of  Montmorency, 
province  of  Quebec,  was  born  at  Chateau 
Richer,  on  the  1st  of  June,  1827.  His  par- 
ents, though  not  possessed  of  a  large  share 
of  this  world's  goods,  were  industrious  and 
highly  esteemed.  From  an  old  record  we 
find  that  the  family  belongs  to  the  nobility 
of  old  France,  although  in  this  democratic 
country  they  do  not  see  fit  to  wear  the  title 
they  are  entitled  to.  We  quote  the  extract : 
"Extrait  de  'L'Art  Heraldique,'  par  A. 
Playne,  avocat  et  professeur  chez  Charles 
Osmond,  libraire,  enregistre  &  Paris  le  23 
de"cembre,  1716,  avec  approbation  du  roi  du 
2  ddcembre,  1716,  par  Fouquet.  Valin  .  .  . 
de  gueules  a  la  bande  composee  d' argent  et 
d'azur."  Toussaint  Valin,  the  father  of  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  married  Marie  Trem- 
blay,  of  Eboulements,  county  of  Charlevoix, 
and  they  settled  in  Chateau  Richer,  where 
their  elder  children  were  born.  The  space 
.at  our  disposal  is  too  limited  to  admit  of  a 


narrative  of  the  various  phases  through 
which  Pierre  Vincent  Valin  has  passed  in 
the  course  of  a  long  and  eventful  career; 
we  will  simply  refer  in  a  general  manner  to 
the  difficulties  surmounted  by  the  indefati- 
gable energy  he  displayed  from  his  youth 
until,  having  started  from  the  lowest  rung 
of  the  social  ladder,  he  finally  attained 'the 
pinnacle  of  rank  and  wealth.  Through  his 
own  efforts,  with  only  his  energy  and  the 
good  principles  inculcated  in  his  mind  by 
zealous  parents,  he  obtained  sufficient  edu- 
cation to  enable  him  to  hold,  in  after  years, 
the  following  prominent  positions :  chairman 
of  the  Quebec  Harbor  Commission ;  member 
of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  and  member  of 
the  House  of  Commons.  In  these  divers 
posts  his  social  and  individual  qualities 
made  him  a  friend  to  all  those  who  came  in 
contact  with  him.  His  remarkable  business 
tact  and  sterling  integrity  soon  brought  him 
to  the  front  rank  among  the  princes  of 
finance  and  commerce,  and  he  has  fairly 
earned  the  title  ascribed  to  so  many  in  this 
country,  "  self-made  man."  In  his  youth 
he  worked  at  different  trades,  and  devoted 
the  whole  of  his  scanty  earnings  to  help 
his  parents,  and  commenced  shipbuilding 
when  yet  quite  a  young  man.  He  soon 
rose  to  the  position  of  employer,  and  as  his 
business  increased,  so  did  his  facilities  for 
doing  the  work  he  was  engaged  in,  until  he 
gave  employment  to  hundreds  of  men,  pay- 
ing $5,000  in  wages  alone  every  week.  In 
the  beginning  of  his  career  he  fully  devel- 
oped the  capacities  he  possessed,  being  at 
the  same  time  architect,  builder,  clerk,  book- 
keeper, and  his  own  consignee,  seller  and 
buyer  on  the  European  markets.  He  still 
owns  several  large  ships  which  are  engaged 
in  the  East  India  trade.  He  is  also  inter- 
ested in  steamers  running  to  Newfoundland. 
He  crossed  the  Atlantic  sixty  times  in  the 
transaction  of  business,  and  made  warm  and 
devoted  friends  in  both  France  and  Eng- 
land, in  the  best  society  of  these  countries. 
In  1872,  the  warm-hearted  population  of 
Quebec  East,  to  whom  he  had  been  a  bene- 
factor, begged  him  to  represent  them  in  the 
city  council.  After  serving  a  short  time  as 
councillor,  his  constituents  sent  him  to  the 
Legislative  Assembly  in  1874,  and  he  made 
his  first  appearance  in  public  life.  In  1878 
he  presented  himself  before  the  electors  of 
Montmorency,  who  elected  him  in  prefer- 
ence to  Jean  Langlois,  the  former  represen- 
tative of  the  county,  by  a  majority  of  226. 


384 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


On  the  14th  January,  1880,  lie  was  unseat- 
ed on  petition,  but  re-elected  again.  At 
the  general  election  of  1882  he  was  again 
chosen  as  the  Conservative  standard-bearer 
of  the  county  of  Montmorency  over  Charles 
Langelier,  one  of  the  strong  men  of  the 
Liberal  party.  At  the  last  general  election 
(1887)  he  was  unsuccessful,  the  majority 
against  him  being  only  one  vote.  Since  he 
has  acquired  wealth  Mr.  Valin  has  made  a 
noble  use  of  his  means.  The  whole  county, 
and  more  particularly  his  native  parish,  are 
greatly  indebted  to  him  for  the  improve- 
ments he  has  made.  He  bought  from  the 
Lemoine  family  the  splendid  mansion  called 
"Chateau  Beau  Pre","  and  the  numerous 
and  artistic  improvements  with  which  he  has 
adorned  the  chateau  and  its  alentours,  have 
made  it  a  lovely  spot,  which  excites  the  ad- 
miration of  all  the  American  tourists  who 
visit  this  part  of  the  country  every  summer. 
The  beautiful  parish  church  building,  with 
its  costly  decoration  and  numerous  oil  paint- 
ings, has  been  mainly  built  by  him,  and  as 
a  crowning  gift  he  presented  the  cur£  with 
its  largest  bell.  The  employment  he  gives 
to  the  laboring  class  of  Chateau  Richer 
gives  sustenance  to  a  large  proportion  of 
its  population.  Apart  from  his  individual 
means,  he  has  been  able  to  secure  an  expen- 
diture of  over  $80,000  by  the  government 
in  public  works  in  the  county  of  Montmor- 
ency, and  by  untiring  efforts  has  succeeded 
in  establishing  telegraphic  communication 
between  the  mainland  and  the  Island  of 
Orleans.  On  the  inhospitable  beach  of  St. 
Francois  and  Ste.  Famille,  where  so  many 
lives  have  been  lost  by  wrecks,  two  wharves 
were  built  at  considerable  expense.  The 
channel  of  the  St.  Lawrence  was  deepened 
and  widened  between  the  island  and  Beau- 
pre,  thus  enabling  ships  to  pass  through  at 
low  tide  without  danger.  The  placing  of 
twelve  lights  and  six  buoys  on  the  river, 
reducing  danger  from  wrecking  to  the  least 
proportion,  is  also  due  to  his  influence.  In 
1880  he  presented  the  Cercle  Catholique  of 
Quebec  with  a  handsome  banner  woven  in 
golden  cloth,  which  he  had  brought  from 
Paris.  He  is  chairman  of  the  Harbor  Com- 
mission of  Quebec,  and  since  he  has  held 
that  office  several  important  works  have 
been  undertaken  and  carried  to  a  success- 
ful issue,  among  others  may  be  mentioned 
the  following :  the  graving  dock,  the  Basin 
Louise,  the  work  done  opposite  Quebec 
by  the  lifting-barge,  etc.  Mr.  Valin  mar- 


ried in  1854,  Marie  Angelique,  daughter 
of  Joseph  Talbot,  Beaumont,  Bellechasse 
county.  She  died  on  the  8th  of  October, 
1883.  He  married  a  second  time,  on  the 
10th  June,  1885,  in  the  chapel  of  the  Sacred 
Heart,  Quebec,  Marie  Virginie  Celina,  a 
daughter  of  the  late  and  regretted  Dr.  P. 
M.  Bardy,  in  his  lifetime  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  men  of  the  city  of  Quebec,  and 
a  descendant  of  a  French  family  of  rank, 
in  fact  the  Count  de  Bardi  and  the  Duke 
de  Parma  being  the  sons  of  Madame  Louise, 
the  only  sister  of  the  late  Henry  V.,  Count 
de  Chambord,  the  legitimate  successor  to 
Louis  XVIII.,  and  consequently  the  heir 
to  the  throne  of  France,  if  that  country  had 
retained  its  monarchical  institutions.  In 
the  remarkable  work  of  Benjamin  Suite, 
"  L'Histoire  des  Canadiens-Frangais,"  will 
be  found  a  complete  biography  of  Dr. 
Bardy,  who  was  the  first  president  of  the 
St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society  of  Quebec,  On 
the  occasion  of  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Valin, 
we  clip  the  following  from  La  Patrie  of  the 
12th  of  June,  1885:— "A  telegraphic  de- 
spatch from  Quebec  announces  the  marriage 
of  P.  V.  Valin,  M.P.  for  Montmorency,  and 
chairman  of  the  Harbor  Commission  for 
Quebec,  to  Celina  Bardy,  only  daughter  of 
Dr.  Bardy,  the  founder  and  first  president 
of  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society  of  Quebec, 
in  his  lifetime  one  of  the  foremost  citizens 
of  the  ancient  capital.  Miss  Bardy,  who 
is  a  lady  endowed  with  wonderful  beauty 
and  good  qualities,  has  conquered  a  most 
enviable  rank  among  the  litterateurs  of  the 
province.  She  is  a  member  of  L'Academie 
des  Muses  Santonnes,  France,  We  extend 
our  hearty  congratulations  to  the  happy 
couple."  The  following  extract  is  taken 
from  the  Ottawa  Citizen  of  the  18th  June, 
1885 : — "  Last  evening,  while  the  Hon.  J. 
A.  Chapleau,  secretary  of  state,  was  speak- 
ing on  the  Pacific  Railway  resolutions,  ap- 
plause commenced  on  the  ministerial  side 
and  soon  became  general.  Many  persons 
were  unable  to  discern  for  a  time  the  cause- 
of  it,  as  the  remarks  of  the  honorable  gen- 
tleman did  not  call  for  any  expression  of 
approval,  more  especially  on  the  part  of 
'  honorable  gentlemen  opposite.'  It  turned 
out  that  the  greeting  was  addressed  to  Mr. 
Valin,  M  P.  for  Montmorency,  who  had  just 
entered  the  chamber  on  his  return  from  his 
honeymoon  trip.  He  acknowledged  the 
compliment  by  bowing  his  head,  and  after 
the  applause  subsided,  Hon.  Mr.  Chapleau 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


385 


complimented  him  in  a  few  elegantly  con- 
structed sentences,  wishing  the  honorable 
gentleman  the  supreme  degree  of  connubial 
bliss."  These  flattering  newspaper  com- 
ments show  clearly  the  high  esteem  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Valin  enjoy  among  their  friends, 
as  well  as  among  the  members  of  the  whole 
house. 

Morin,  L<oiii§  Edmond,  President  of 
the  Corporation  of  Pilots,  Quebec,  was  born 
on  the  25th  August,  1837,  in  St.  Kochs, 
Quebec,  Canada.  He  was  the  fourth  son  of 
a  family  of  six  children.  His  father,  Michel 
Morin,  was  a  sea  pilot  for  a  period  of  fifty 
years  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  died 
at  the  advanced  age  of  seventy-seven  in 
1880.  His  mother,  Christine  Nolet,  is  still 
living,  and  in  full  possession  of  her  health, 
at  eighty  years  of  age.  Mr.  Morin,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  was  educated  at  the 
Christian  Brothers'  School,  and  afterwards 
at  Thorn's  Commercial  Academy,  Quebec. 
He  was  for  two  years  in  one  of  the  largest 
dry  goods  stores  in  the  upper  town  of  Que- 
bec, but  rinding  that  his  health  was  declin- 
ing, he  left  the  trade.  In  1855  he  resolved 
to  follow  the  calling  his  father  had  so  very 
successfully  followed,  and  apprenticed  him- 
self as  a  pilot.  He  served  in  this  capacity  for 
seven  years,  during  which  period  he  crossed 
the  Atlantic  ocean  no  less  than  ten  times. 
On  the  6th  March,  1862,  his  apprenticeship 
being  completed,  he  was  permitted  to  act  as 
a  sea  pilot,  and  he  has  been  one  of  the  most 
successful  of  the  profession  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence. In  1868  he  was  selected  to  pilot  the 
steamers  of  the  Allan  line,  and  continued 
to  act  as  such  until  the  fall  of  1872,  when 
he  retired,  on  being  elected  one  of  the  di- 
rectors of  the  Corporation  of  Pilots  of  Que- 
bec, incorporated  by  Act  of  Parliament  in 
1860.  He  remained  on  the  board  for  a  per- 
iod of  eleven  consecutive  years,  of  which 
time  he  was  six  years  president.  In  1884 
he  was  again  selected  to  pilot  the  steamers 
of  the  Allan  line.  In  1885  he  was  re-elect- 
ed president  of  the  Corporation  of  Pilots, 
and  still  occupies  the  same  position.  In 
1873  Mr.  Morin  was  delegated  to  go  to.  Otta- 
wa in  the  interest  of  the  sea  pilots,  in  order  to 
watch  the  passing  of  the  Pilotage  Act,  and 
succeeded  in  getting  a  clause  inserted  in 
this  act,  whereby  a  guarantee  was  given  that 
at  the  end  of  each  period  of  three  years  the 
salary  of  the  pilots  would  be  increased  if 
their  earnings  were  in  the  average  during 
the  season  less  than  six  hundred  dollars 


net.  In  1880,  with  the  help  of  some  of 
his  confreres  and  of  several  members  of  the 
government,  he  succeeded  in  getting  a  by- 
law passed  by  the  Board  of  Harbor  Com- 
missioners, by  which  the  tariff  of  pilotage 
was  raised  fifteen  per  cent;  but  after  having 
several  interviews  with  the  members  of  the 
Dominion  government  at  Ottawa,  with  the 
object  of  gaining  this  boon,  he  failed  to  se- 
cure what  he  wanted  in  consequence  of  a 
strong  outside  pressure  against  the  mea-' 
sure.  He,  however,  accepted  a  compromise, 
namely  that  of  an  advance  of  seven  and  a 
half  per  cent,  on  the  old  tariff,  and  the  pro- 
mise of  the  government  that  the  revised 
tariff  would  be  based  on  tonnage  through- 
out the  whole  Dominion.  In  religion  Mr. 
Morin  is  a  Roman  Catholic;  and  in  politics 
an  independent.  He  was  married,  in  1863, 
to  Marie  Flore  Trahan,  daughter  of  the  late 
Edward  Trahan,  in  his  lifetime  shipbuilder 
in  Quebec,  and  of  Marie  Bddard.  The  fruit 
of  this  marriage  has  been  thirteen  children, 
of  whom  eight  are  still  living,  four  sons  and 
four  daughters. 

Jones,  Hon.  Alfred  Gilpfn,  P.O., 
Bloomingdale,  North- West  Arm,  Halifax, 
M.P.  for  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at 
Weymouth,  Nova  Scotia,  September,  1824. 
He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Guy  Jones,  who  was 
registrar  of  deeds  for  Digby  county.  His 
paternal  ancestor,  Josiah  Jones,  emigrated 
from  England,  and  settled  in  Boston,  Mas- 
sachusetts, in  1665.  His  grandfather,  Ste- 
phen Jones,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege, was  an  officer  in  the  King's  American 
Dragoons,  and  at  the  close  of  the  revolu- 
tionary war  settled  in  Nova  Scotia,  where 
he  died  in  1830.  Hon.  Mr.  Jones  was  edu- 
cated at  Yarmouth  Academy,  and  chose 
commerce  as  a  profession.  He  has  been  a 
successful  merchant,  and  is  now  the  head 
of  the  firm  of  A.  G.  Jones  &  Co.,  West  In- 
dia importers.  He  occupies  the  position  of 
governor  of  the  Protestant  Orphans'  Home, 
and  also  that  of  Dalhousie  College;  is  pres- 
ident of  the  Nova  Scotia  Marine  Insurance 
Company,  and  a  director  of  the  Acadia 
Fire  Insurance  Company.  For  a  number 
of  years  Mr.  Jones  was  lieutenant  com- 
manding the  1st  Halifax  Brigade  Garrison 
Artillery.  He  sat  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons at  Ottawa  from  1867  to  1 872,  but  at 
the  general  election,  held  during  the  latter 
year,  he  suffered  defeat.  However,  in  1874 
he  was  again  elected,  but  resigned  in  Janu- 
ary, 1878,  in  consequence  of  an  alleged 


386 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


breach  of  the  Independence  of  Parliament 
Act,  but  was  re-elected.  He  was  sworn  in 
a  member  of  the  Privy  Council,  and  held 
the  office  of  Minister  of  Militia  in  the  Mac- 
kenzie administration  from  January,  1878, 
to  September  of  the  same  year.  At  the 
general  elections  held  in  1878  and  1882,  he 
was  an  unsuccessful  candidate,  but  at  the 
general  election  held  in  1887  he  again  pre- 
sented himself  as  a  candidate,  and  was 
returned  at  the  head  of  the  poll.  Hon.  Mr. 
Jones  has  been  twice  married,  first,  in  1850, 
to  Margaret  Wiseman,  daughter  of  W. 
Stairs.  This  lady  died  in  February,  1865. 
Second,  to  Emma,  daughter  of  Edward  Al- 
brough,  of  Halifax. 

ITIcConnell,  John  Bradford,  M.D., 
C.M.,  Montreal,  was  born  on  28th  August, 
1851,  in  Chatham,  on  the  Ottawa  river, 
county  of  Argenteuil.  His  father,  Andrew 
McConnell,  was  a  son  of  John  McConnell, 
who  came  to  Canada  from  Glasgow  in  1819, 
his  family  consisting  of  John,  Mary,  An- 
drew, William  and  Agnes.  Andrew  Mc- 
Connell was  one  of  the  most  successful  far- 
mers in  the  county  of  Argenteuil,  having, 
through  his  rare  industry  and  indomitable 
energy,  accumulated  considerable  wealth. 
He  was  thus  enabled  to  carry  out  the  in- 
tention of  his  early  married  life,  namely, 
that  of  giving  the  members  of  his  family 
the  advantages  of  a  good  education.  He 
has  been  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  a  justice 
of  the  peace,  a  position  which  he  has  filled 
with  great  ability.  The  impartiality  of  his 
judgments  drew*  to  him  applicants  for  jus- 
tice from  the  most  distant  parts  of  the 
county.  He  was  appointed  captain  in  the 
militia  during  Lord  Monck's  administration. 
He  now  resides  in  the  town  of  Lachute.  His 
family  consisted  of  eight  children,  namely, 
John  Bradford,  Gilbert  Smith,  Richard 
George,  Andrew  William,  Jessie  Ann,  James 
Quinton,  Jennie  and  Hugh.  Gilbert,  An- 
drew and  James  settled  a  few  years  ago  in 
the  North- West,  first  at  Qu'AppeUe,  but 
are  now  residing  in  Vancouver.  Andrew 
acted  as  courier  tor  General  Middleton  dur- 
ing the  recent  rebellion,  and  was  one  of  the 
nine  prisoners  rescued  at  the  battle  of  Ba- 
toche,  Kichard  G.  is  a  B.  A.  of  McGill 
College,  Montreal,  and  now  holds  a  promi- 
nent position  in  the  geological  survey  of 
Canada.  His  mother,  Martha  Jane  Brad- 
ford, was  the  youngest  daughter  of  George 
Bradford,  son  of  the  Kev.  Kichard  Bradford, 
who  was  the  first  English  church  minister 


in  Chatham.  This  gentleman  came  to  New 
York  in  1782,  where  he  was  engaged  in  a 
business  partnership  with  a  Mr.  Smith.  A. 
few  years  later  he  came  to  Canada,  and  be- 
came chaplain  to  the  49th  Kegiment  in  1812. 
He  built  a  comfortable  homestead  on  the 
Ottawa  at  a  place  called  the  "  Point,"  just 
at  the  head  of  the  Carillon  canal.  He  then 
owned  the  greater  part  of  the  township  of 
Chatham,  about  twelve  square  miles.  He  • 
accompanied  Captain  Cook  on  a  voyage 
around  the  world;  studied  afterwards  with 
an  English  minister,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Jeffreys, 
whose  daughter  he  married,  and  their  fam- 
ily consisted  of  Kichard,  John,  Henry, 
George,  Charles,  Nancy,  Sarah,  Eliza,  Har- 
riet. The  latter  was  married  to  the  Rev. 
Joseph  Abbott,  and  one  of  their  sons  is  the 
Hon.  J.  J.  C.  Abbott,  senator,  now  mayor 
(1887)  of  Montreal.  George  married  Mar- 
tha Smith,  of  Chatham,  was  a  school  teacher, 
and  owned  a  farm  on  the  North  River.  He 
died  at  the  age  of  sixty-five.  His  family 
consisted  of  George,  Eliza,  Henry,  Charles, 
John,  and  Martha  Jane.  John  Bradford 
McConnell,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was 
educated  at  the  district  school  in  Chatham, 
and  at  the  Carillon  Academy,  conducted  by 
the  late  George  Wanless,  and  entered  on  his 
medical  studies  in  1869,  at  McGill  College, 
Montreal,  graduating  in  1873.  In  1871,  he 
went  through  the  Military  School  in  Mont- 
real, taking  a  second  class  certificate,  and  the 
same  year  was  appointed  lieutenant  in  the 
llth  battalion  Argenteuil  Rangers.  Subse- 
quently, for  a  period  of  about  eight  years  he 
was  assistant  surgeon  in  the  1st  Prince  of 
Wales  Rifles.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Duke  of  Edinburgh  lodge,  I.O.O.F.,  B.U., 
since  1875;  and  was  grand  master  of  the 
order  in  the  province  of  Quebec  during  the 
term  1884  and  1885;  has  been  a  member  of 
St.  James  Street  Methodist  Church,  Mont- 
real, since  1878,  and  is  a  teacher  in  the  after- 
noon Sunday-school.  He  was,  with  the  late 
W.  J.  B.  Patterson,  a  delegate  from  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association,  of  Montreal, 
to  the  convention  in  Poughkeepsie  in  1874. 
He  has  taught  in  the  medical  faculty  of  the 
University  of  Bishop's  College  during  the 
last  eleven  years,  first  as  professor  of  botany, 
a  subject  to  which  he  paid  considerable  at- 
tention during  his  first  year  at  college.  He 
has  one  of  the  largest  personal  collections  of 
Canadian  plants  in  the  Dominion.  During 
the  last  three  years  he  has  filled  the  chair 
of  materia  medica  and  therapeutics,  is  lee- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


387 


turer  on  physical  diagnosis,  and  conducts  a 
practical  class  on  histology  and  bacteriology. 
During  the  summer  of  1886  he  made  an  ex- 
tensive European  tour,  visiting  the  hospitals 
of  Dublin,  London,  Paris  and  Berlin,  tak- 
ing the  course  on*  bacteriology  under  Pro- 
fessor Koch,  in  the  latter  city.    He  has  been 
in  active  practice  in  Montreal  since  1873, 
and  is  now  counted  among  Montreal's  most 
successful  and  reliable  physicians.     He  is  a 
member  of  the  Natural  History  Society  of 
Montreal;  Montreal  Microscopical  Society; 
Executive    Committee    of    the    Dominion 
Alliance,  Quebec  Branch;    Medico-Chirur- 
gical  Society  of  Montreal ;  and  British  Med- 
ical Association.  He  is  one  of  the  attending 
staff  of  the  Western    Hospital,   consulting 
physician  to  the   Montreal  Dispensary,  of 
which  he  was  also  secretary  for  about  ten 
years,  resigning  in  1887.     He  is  senior  at- 
tending physician  to  the  Protestant  House 
of  Industry  and  Refuge.     In  1885,  the  doc- 
tor issued   a   pamphlet  entiled,  "  Cholera  : 
its  Nature,  Symptoms,  History,  Cause  and 
Prevention,  with  an  outline  review  of  the 
Germ  Theory  of  Disease,"  being  one  of  the 
Sommerville  course  of  lectures  (extended) 
provided  for  by  the  Natural  History  Society 
of  Montreal.     The  Montreal  medical  jour- 
nals show  that  he  has  frequently  contribut- 
ed to  their  pages   papers  which  have  been 
read  at  the  Medico- Chirurgical  Society.  He 
was  married  in   1875   to   Theodora  Lovell, 
eldest  daughter  of  Eobert  Miller,  the  well- 
known  wholesale  stationer,  of  Montreal,  and 
has  six  children  living,  two  others  having 
died  in  infancy. 

Jones,  Simeon,  Brewer,  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  was  born  at  Prince  William, York 
county,  N.B.,  on  the  22nd  August,  1828.  His 
father,  Thomas  Jones,  was  a  native  of  Wey- 
mouth,  Nova  Scotia,  where  Simeon  Jones, 
the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
settled  at  the  close  of  the  American  revolu- 
tionary war.  His  mother,  Elizabeth  Caver- 
hill,  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Caverhill,  of 
Dumfries,  Scotland.  Mr.  Jones  was  edu- 
cated in  his  native  parish  and  at  Dumfries, 
and  after  leaving  school  spent  two  years 
farming,  under  his  father.  He  was  then  em- 
ployed by  Kobert  Keltie,  brewer  at  St.  John, 
to  look  after  his  business;  and  in  the  posi- 
tion of  manager  he  remained  with  Mr.  Kel- 
tie for  eight  years.  At  the  end  of  this  per- 
iod he  bought  out  the  business,  his  late  em- 
ployer retiring,  and  has  successfully  con- 
ducted it  ever  since.  In  1874,  in  company 


with  Oliver  T.  Stone  and  Joseph  R.  Stone, 
Mr.  Jones  started  a  private  banking  house 
in  St.  John,  under  the  firm  name  of  S.  Jones 
and  Co.,  and  since  then  the  firm  has  done  a 
good  banking  business.  Almost  everything 
to  which  Mr.  Jones  has  put  his  hand  has 
prospered,  and  this  doubtless  is  owing  in  a 
large  degree  to  his  close  attention  to  details, 
and  his  shrewdness  as  a  manager.  In  1879 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  city  coun- 
cil, where  he  served  for  two  years  as  chair- 
man of  the  finance  committee.  So  well  did 
he  attend  to  the  duties  of  this  office  that 
in  April,  1881,  he  was  elected  to  fill  the 
more  responsible  position  of  mayor  without 
opposition,  a  mark  of  distinction  never  be- 
fore this  time  conferred  in  St.  John.  Dur- 
ing his  term  of  office,  which  lasted  for  three 
years,  his  business  capacities  and  fine  execu- 
tive talents  showed  themselves  to  good  ad- 
vantage, and  he  was  one  of  the  most  popu- 
lar chief  magistrates  St.  John  ever  had. 
Mr.  Jones  has  been  for  many  years  a  ves- 
tryman of  Trinity  (Episcopal)  Church,  and 
is  a  generous  supporter  of  various  religious 
and  benevolent  societies.  Indeed,  he  is 
never  backward  in  contributing  to  any  en- 
terprise designed  for  the  good  of  the  com- 
munity among  whom  he  resides.  In  1861 
he  was  married  to  Annie  M.,  daughter  of 
Daniel  McLaughlin,  St.  John,  and  the  fruit 
of  the  union  has  been  a  family  of  eight 
children. 

McLeod,  Howard  Douglas,  St. 
John,  Superintendent  Southern  Division  of 
the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  was  born  at 
Studholm,  Kings  county,  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  29th  July,  1838.  His  father,  Mat- 
thew McLeod,  was  of  Scotch  descent;  and 
his  mother,  Deborah  Heine,  of  German  de- 
scent. Howard  received  a  common  school 
education  at  the  schools  in  his  native  parish, 
and  afterwards  attended,  for  about  six 
months,  Sackville  Academy,  Sackville,  N.B. 
For  about  eleven  months  he  taught  school 
in  Studholm  parish;  and  hi  the  month  of 
October,  1859,  entered  the  railway  service 
as  station  agent  at  Sussex,  upon  the  opening 
of  what  was  then  named  the  European  and 
North  American  Railway  (now  the  Intercol- 
onial). Here  he  remained  as  agent  for  two 
years,  when  he  was  removed  to  the  audit 
department,  in  the  general  offices  in  St. 
John.  From  freight  auditor  he  was  pro- 
moted to  accountant  of  the  road,  which 
was  then  worked  as  a  government  road.  In 
1865  he  left  the  railway  service,  and  took  a 


388 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


situation  in  a  leading  dry- goods  house  as 
book-keeper;  but  not  liking  the  change  he 
soon  abandoned  this  position.  He  then 
connected  himself  with  the  building  of  the 
railway  west  of  St.  John,  and  upon  the  com- 
pletion of  the  line  occupied  the  offices  on 
it  of  accountant  and  general  freight  agent; 
and  was  afterwards  promoted  to  the  office 
of  superintendent  of  the  southern  division, 
which  position  he  now  fills.  Mr.  MdLeod 
is  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  city  and 
county  of  St.  John.  He  has  travelled  over 
the  greater  part  of  the  United  States  east 
of  the  Mississippi,  and  is  also  familiar  with 
the  principal  points  in  Canada.  In  religion 
he  belongs  to  the  Baptist  church.  He  was 
married  on  the  26th  May,  1869,  to  Isabel 
Barker,  a  daughter  of  T.  B.  Barker,  drug- 
gist, and  a  niece  of  Sir  Leonard  Tilley, 
lieutenant-governor  of  New  Brunswick.  Mrs. 
McLeod  died  on  the  6th  July,  1881. 

IVIcIsaac,  Angus,  Antigonish,  Nova 
Scotia,  Judge  of  the  County  Court,  was 
born  in  the  parish  of  St.  Andrew's,  Antig- 
onish county,  province  of  Nova  Scotia.  His 
ancestors  came  from  Inverness-shire,  Scot- 
land, and  were  among  the  earliest  Scotch 
settlers  in  Antigonish  county.  He  was 
educated  in  St.  Frangois  Xavier  College. 
Admitted  to  the  bar  in  1872.  Represented 
Antigonish  county  in  the  Canadian  House 
of  Commons  from  1874  till  September, 
1885,  when  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
County  Court  for  Judicial  District  No.  6,  of 
the  said  province.  Was  married  in  Novem- 
ber, 1882,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  the  late 
Patrick  Power,  of  Halifax,  N.S. 

Grant,  Rev.  George  Jflonro,  D.D., 
Principal  of  Queen's  University,  Kingston, 
Ontario. — In  an  age  too  prone  to  rank  mere 
material  good  above  the  higher  well-being 
of  man,  it  is  well  for  Canada  that  she  can 
claim  in  Principal  Grant  a  representative 
Canadian — representative  at  least  of  her 
higher,  purer,  and  more  generous  life. 
The  principal  of  Queen's  University  is  em- 
phatically what  the  late  editor  of  the 
"  Century  "  magazine  once  styled  him,  "  a 
strong  man,"  having  that  union  of  diverse 
qualities  that  constitutes  strength.  He 
comes  of  the  fine  old  Celtic  stock  which, 
when  its  intensity  and  enthusiasm  are 
blended  with  an  infusion  of  Anglo-Saxon 
breadth,  energy,  and  common  sense,  has 
produced  not  a  few  of  the  leaders  of  men. 
He  is  a  native  of  the  county  of  Pictou,  Nova 
Scotia,  somewhat  remarkable  for  the  num- 


ber of  eminent  men  it  has  already  produced. 
His  patriotic  and  passionate  love  for  his 
country  in  all  her  magnificent  proportions 
is  one  of  his  leading  traits,  and  has  much 
the  same  influence  on  his  mind  which  the 
love  of  Scotland  had  on  that  of  Burns, 
when,  in  his  generous  youth,  he  desired,  for 
her  dear  sake,  to  "  sing  a  sang  at  least,"  if 
he  could  do  no  more.  Principal  Grant  was 
born  on  the  22nd  December,  1835,  at  Stel- 
larton  (Albion  Mines),  a  village  on  the 
East  Eiver,  Pictou  county,  and  his  early 
days  were  passed  in  a  quiet  country  home, 
amid  the  influences  of  nature,  to  which  he 
is  strongly  susceptible.  His  father,  who 
was  a  Scotchman  by  birth,  taught  the  vil- 
lage school.  He  was  led  by  circumstances, 
and  doubtless  by  that  "  divinity  that  shapes 
our  ends,"  to  study  for  the  ministry,  and 
won  honorable  distinction  in  his  preliminary 
course  in  the  Academy  at  Pictou,  where  the 
family  had  removed.  His  studies  were  pur- 
sued chiefly  at  Glasgow  University,  where 
he  came  under  the  strong  personal  influence 
and  inspiration  of  the  high-souled  and  large- 
hearted  Norman  McLeod,  whom  in  some  of 
his  characteristics  he  strongly  resembles. 
While  a  student  in  Glasgow  he  became  a 
laborer  in  the  mission  work  carried  on 
amid  the  degraded  inhabitants  of  its  closes 
and  wynds,  gaining  there  an  insight  into 
life  and  character  which  has  been  most  val- 
uable to  him  in  fitting  him  for  his  later  work 
among  men.  He  did  not  remain  long  in 
Scotland,  however,  for  though  the  beauty 
and  culture  of  the  land  of  his  fathers  had 
many  attractions  for  him,  he  felt  that  to 
Canada  his  heart  and  his  duty  called  him. 
He  ministered  for  a  time  to  the  quiet  country 
charge  of  Georgetown,  in  Prince  Edward 
Island,  from  which  he  was  soon  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  St.  Matthew's  Church,  Halifax, 
one  of  the  oldest  congregations  in  the  Do- 
minion. His  gifts  as  a  pulpit  orator  were 
soon  recognised.  The  force,  directness,  and 
reality  of  his  preaching  strongly  attracted 
to  him  thoughtful  young  men,  who  found 
in  him  one  who  could  understand  their 
own  difficulties,  and  who  never  gave  them  a 
"  stone  "  for  the  "  bread  "  they  craved.  His 
charge  grew  and  prospered,  and  a  new 
church  was  built  during  his  pastorate.  His 
ministerial  relations  were  so  happy  that  it 
was  a  real  pain  when  a  voice  that  he  could 
not  resist  called  him  to  another  sphere. 
When  his  friend  and  parishioner,  Sandford 
Fleming,  civil  engineer,  was  about  to  start 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


389 


on  a  surveying  expedition  for  the  proposed 
Canadian  Pacific  Kailway,  Dr.  Grant  accom- 
panied the  party  for  a  much-needed  holiday. 
The  novel  experiences  of  the  long  canoe 
journey,  through  what  was  then  a  "  great 
lone  land  "  with  unknown  capabilities, 
strongly  impressed  his  own  imagination, 
and  were  communicated  to  thousands  of 
readers  through  the  hastily-written  but 
graphic  pages  of  "  From  Ocean  to  Ocean." 
This  glimpse  of  the  extent  and  grandeur  of 
the  national  heritage  of  Canadians — the  fit 
home  of  a  great  people — made  him  still  more 
emphatically  a  Canadian,  and  gave  him  a 
etill  stronger  impulse  and  more  earnest  aim 
to  use  all  the  powers  he  possessed  to  aid  in 
moulding  the  still  plastic  life  of  a  young 
nation  born  to  such  privileges  and  respon- 
sibilities. The  popularity  attained  by  the 
publication  of  this  volume  (published  by 
Hunter,  Rose  &  Co.,  Toronto)  called  atten- 
tion to  Principal  Grant  as  a  writer,  and 
though  his  time  and  strength  have  been  too 
much  taxed  in  other  fields  to  leave  him 
leisure  for  much  literary  labor,  his  vivid  and 
forceful  style  has  made  him  a  welcome  con- 
tributor to  Canadian  and  American  periodi- 
cal literature,  as  well  as  to  "  Good  Words  " 
and  the  "  Contemporary  Review."  Several 
articles  of  his  in  the  "  Century  "  magazine 
have  given  American  readers  some  idea  of 
the  extent  and  grandeur  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific.  His  happy  associations  with  the 
inception  of  this  enterprise,  and  repeated 
visits  during  its  progress,  have  given  him 
an  almost  romantic  interest  in  an  achieve- 
ment worthy  of  the  "  brave  days  of  old." 
If  in  the  judgment  of  some  he  seems  to  ex- 
aggerate its  utility,  and  to  lose  sight  of  seri- 
ous drawbacks  and  evils  which  have  become 
connected  with  an  enterprise  too  heavy  for 
the  present  resources  of  the  country,  the  ex- 
planation is  to  be  found  in  the  fascination 
which,  to  his  patriotic  heart,  invests  a  work 
that  connects  the  extremities  of  our  vast 
Canadian  territory,  and  helps  to  unite  its 
far-scattered  people.  It  need  hardly  be  said 
that  Principal  Grant  heartily  rejoiced  over 
the  confederation  of  the  Canadian  provinces, 
or  that  he  has  always  been  a  warm  supporter 
of  its  integrity,  and  a  staunch  opponent  of 
every  suggestion  of  dismemberment.  He 
thinks  it  not  all  a  dream  that  this  young 
sturdy  "  Canada  of  ours "  should  indeed 
become  the  youngest  Anglo-Saxon  nation, 
working  out  for  herself  an  individual  cha- 
racter and  destiny  of  her  own  on  the  last  of 


the  continents  where  such  an  experiment  is 
practicable.  It  is  his  hope  that  such  a  na- 
tion might  grow  up  side  by  side  with  the 
neighboring  Republic,  and  in  the  closest 
fraternal  relations  with  it,  free  to  mould  its 
life  into  the  form  most  useful  and  natural, 
and  therefore  most  enduring,  but  yet  re- 
maining a  member  of  the  great  British  com- 
monwealth, bound  to  it  by  firm  though 
elastic  bonds  of  political  unity,  as  well  as 
by  unity  of  tradition,  thought,  and  litera- 
ture. This  hope  and  belief  makes  him  a 
warm  supporter  of  Imperial  federation— a 
scheme  which  he  thinks  full  of  promise, 
both  for  Great  Britain  herself  and  for  her 
scattered  colonies,  as  well  as  for  the  world 
at  large,  in  which  such  a  federation  might 
be  a  potent  influence,  leading  possibly  to  a 
still  greater  Anglo-Saxon  federation.  To 
such  a  consummation  his  wide  and  catholic 
sympathies  would  give  a  hearty  God-speed. 
But  he  believes  intensely  that,  in  order  to 
secure  a  noble  destiny,  there  must  be  a 
noble  and  healthy  political  life,  and  that 
for  this  there  must  be  a  high  and  healthy 
tone  of  public  opinion,  a  pure  and  lofty 
patriotism.  And  this  he  earnestly  seeks  to 
promote  so  far  as  in  him  lies.  The  follow- 
ing stirring  words  recently  published  in  the 
Mail  are  a  good  illustration  of  the  spirit  in 
which  he  seeks  to  arouse  Canadians  to  their 
responsibilities  :  "  Duty  demands  that  we 
shall  be  true  to  our  history.  Duty  also  de- 
mands that  we  shall  be  true  to  our  home. 
All  of  us  must  be  Canada-first  men.  O,  for 
something  of  the  spirit  that  has  animated 
the  sons  of  Scotland  for  centuries,  and  that 
breathes  in  the  fervent  prayer  '  God  save 
Ireland,'  uttered  by  the  poorest  peasant  and 
the  servant  girl  far  away  from  green  Erin  ! 
Think  what  a  home  we  have.  Every  pro- 
vince is  fair  to  see.  Its  sons  and  daughters 
are  proud  of  the  dear  natal  soil.  Why,  then, 
should  not  all  taken  together  inspire  loyalty 
in  souls  least  capable  of  patriotic  emotion  ? 
I  have  sat  on  blocks  of  coal  in  the  Pictou 
mines,  wandered  through  glens  of  Cape 
Breton  and  around  Cape  North,  and  driven 
for  a  hundred  miles  under  apple  blossoms 
in  the  Cornwallis  and  Annapolis  valleys.  I 
have  seen  the  glory  of  our  Western  moun- 
tains, and  toiled  through  passes  where  the 
great  cedars  and  Douglas  pines  of  the  Paci- 
fic slope  hid  sun  and  sky  at  noonday,  and  I 
say  that,  in  the  four  thousand  miles  that 
extend  between,  there  is  everything  that 
man  can  desire,  and  the  promise  of  a  mighty 


390 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


future.  If  we  cannot  make  a  country  out 
of  such  materials  it  is  because  we  are  not 
true  to  ourselves;  and  if  we  are  not,  be  sure 
our  sins  will  find  us  out."  All  narrow  par- 
tisanship he  hates,  and  every  kind  of  wire- 
pulling and  corruption  he  most  emphati- 
cally denounces,  whether  the  purchase  be 
that  of  a  vote,  a  constituency,  or  a  province. 
The  evils  inflicted  on  the  country  by  the 
virulence  of  blind  party  spirit  he  has  again 
and  again  exposed,  with  a  frankness  that 
finds  no  favor  from  the  thorough- going  par- 
tisans of  either  side.  During  the  elections 
of  1886-7  his  voice  and  pen  urged  on  all 
whom  he  could  reach  the  honest  discharge 
of  the  most  sacred  trust  of  citizenship,  the 
paramount  duty  of  maintaining  political 
purity— of  opposing,  as  an  insult  to  man- 
hood itself,  every  approach  to  bribery,  di- 
rect or  indirect.  Nor  were  his  eloquent  ap- 
peals to  conscience  quite  in  vain.  Some  elec- 
tions at  least  were  in  some  degree  the  purer 
because,  leaving  the  beaten  track  to  which 
some  preachers  too  often  confine  themselves, 
he  followed  the  example  of  the  old  Hebrew 
prophets  in  denouncing  the  moral  evils  that 
threaten  to  sap  the  public  conscience,  and 
seeking  at  a  public  crisis  to  uphold  the 
"  righteousness  that  exalteth  a  nation."  In 
1877  Principal  Grant  was  called  from  his 
pastorate  at  Halifax,  to  take  the  responsible 
office  of  principal  of  Queen's  University, 
Kingston.  It  was  no  sinecure  that  was 
offered  him,  and  considerations  of  personal 
happiness  and  comfort  would  have  led  him 
to  decline  the  call.  But  the  university  had 
urgent  need  of  just  such  a  man  to  preside 
over  its  interests,  and  he  could  not  refuse 
what  he  felt  a  caU  of  duty.  The  institution 
was  passing  through  a  financial  crisis,  and 
it  was  imperatively  necessary  that  it  should 
be  at  once  placed  on  a  secure  basis,  with  a 
more  satisfactory  equipment.  He  threw 
himself  into  his  new  work  with  character- 
istic energy,  and  his  great  talent  for  organ- 
ization and  comprehensive  plans  soon  made 
itself  felt.  It  is  mainly  due  to  his  counsels 
and  efforts  that  the  university  has  been  able 
to  lengthen  her  cords  and  strengthen  her 
stakes,  as  in  the  last  ten  years  she  has  done. 
His  eloquence  stirred  up  the  city  of  Kings- 
ton to  provide  a  beautiful  and  commodious 
building  to  replace  her  former  cramped  and 
inconvenient  habitation.  But  the  gifts  that 
he  secured  for  her  treasury  were  of  less  ac- 
count than  the  stimulus  imparted  to  the 
college  life  by  his  overflowing  vitality  and 


enthusiasm — a  stimulus  felt  alike  by  pro- 
fessors and  students.  The  attendance  of 
the  latter  largely  increased,  and  the  high 
aims  and  ideals  of  the  principal  could  not 
fail  to  have  their  influence  on  all  its  grades, 
down  to  the  youngest  freshman.  He  has 
always  treated  the  students  not  as  boys,  but 
as  gentlemen,  seeking  to  lead  rather  than 
to  coerce,  and  under  his  sway  there  has 
been  no  need  of  formal  discipline.  The 
application  of  female  students  for  ad- 
mission to  the  university  led  him  to  grant 
their  request  without  reluctance  or  hesita- 
tion, from  a  conviction  that  public  educa- 
tional institutions  should  be  open  to  the 
needs  of  the  community  as  a  whole,  and,  in 
supplying  these,  know  no  demarcations  of 
sex.  Without  taking  any  special  part  in 
the  movement  for  the  "  Higher  Education 
of  Women,"  he  believes  that  every  individ- 
ual who  desires  a  thorough  mental  training 
should  have  the  opportunity  of  procuring 
it.  He  has  a  firm  faith  in  the  power  of  the 
ineradicable  laws  of  human  nature  to  pre- 
vent any  real  confusion  of  "  spheres,"  and 
believes  that  it  is  as  beneficial  to  the  race  as 
to  the  individual,  that  each  should  receive 
the  fullest  training  and  development  of 
which  he  or  she  is  susceptible.  On  the 
subject  of  University  federation,  Principal 
Grant  has  maintained  a  strongly  conserva- 
tive attitude.  He  believes  firmly  in  the 
wisdom  of  respecting  historic  growth  and 
continuity  of  organisation,  and  in  the  salu- 
tary influence  of  honorable  traditions  on  in- 
stitutions as  well  as  countries.  He  depre- 
cates extreme  centralisation,  as  narrowing 
the  scope  of  education  for  the  many,  even 
though  raising  its  standard  for  the  few. 
He  thinks  that  for  Canada,  as  for  Scotland 
and  the  United  States,  several  distinct  uni- 
versities, each  with  its  own  individuality 
and  esprit  de  corps,  will  prove  most  useful 
in  the  end  ;  and  that  the  Queen's  Univer- 
sity, for  the  good  work  she  has  done  and 
the  high  position  she  has  maintained,  de- 
serves to  preserve  her  continuous  historic 
life.  Heartily  endorsed  in  this  position  by 
the  trustees  and  graduates  of  the  university, 
he  has  set  himself  vigorously  to  the  task  of 
raising  by  voluntary  subscription  such  an 
endowment  as  shall  give  it  an  assured  posi- 
tion for  the  future,  in  the  face  of  the  grow- 
ing needs  of  higher  education  in  Canada. 
Probably  no  other  man  would  have  dared 
such  a  task,  but  that  he  will  carry  it  to  a 
successful  completion  few  can  doubt  who 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


391 


know  the  man  and  the  magnetic  power  over 
men  of  his  cheery  and  resolute  spirit.  Prin- 
cipal Grant  has  since  his  appointment  acted 
as  professor  of  divinity  also.  His  prelec- 
tions in  the  class-room,  like  his  preaching, 
are  characterised  by  breadth  of  thought, 
catholicity  of  sympathy  and  vividness  of 
presentation.  He  has  instituted  a  series  of 
Sunday  afternoon  services  for  the  univer- 
sity, conducted  sometimes  by  himself  or 
other  professors,  sometimes  by  eminent 
preachers  from  other  places  and  of  different 
denominations.  These  are  much  appreci- 
ated, not  only  by  the  professors  and  stu- 
dents, but  also  by  a  large  class  of  the 
thoughtful  citizens  of  Kingston,  to  whom — 
though  many  admirable  sermons  are  prach- 
ed  there — none  are  more  welcome  than  those 
of  the  principal  himself.  As  a  preacher  he 
is  marked  by  simplicity,  directness,  earnest- 
ness and  force.  For  "  fine  writing  "  and 
rhetorical  and  finished  periods  he  has  no 
admiration,  and  aims  instead  at  the  direct 
conversational  style  for  which  he  has  the 
highest  of  all  examples.  He  is  not  afraid 
of  plain  speaking,  and  prefers  direct  ap- 
peals to  heart  and  conscience  to  theological 
disquisitions.  Valuing  only  that  vital  religion 
which  is  the  root  of  right  feeling  and  right 
action  in  daily  life,  he  has  no  respect  for  a 
"  profession "  of  faith  without  its  fruits. 
As  in  the  case  of  political  sins,  so  he  de- 
nounces social  and  individual  sins  with  the 
same  fearless  freedom,  believing  that  this  is 
one  of  the  preacher's  most  solemn  duties. 
He  strives  not  for  effect  but  for  effects,  and 
though  he  not  infrequently  rises  to  impas- 
sioned appeals,  he  aims  rather  at  producing 
permanent  conviction  than  temporary  ex- 
citement. His  moral  influence  on  the  com- 
munity is  somewhat  analogous  to  that  of 
the  late  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher  in  the 
neighboring  republic.  He  is  always  on 
the  side  of  the  generous  and  unselfish  policy 
as  against  that  of  mere  expediency,  and  he 
seeks  to  uphold  the  pursuit  of  a  noble  idea 
as  infinitely  better  than  that  of  mere  mate- 
rial success.  Many,  especially  of  young 
Canadians,  owe  to  him  their  perception  of 
this  truth,  and  some  measure  of  inspiration 
for  his  enforcement  of  it,  and  from  the  ex- 
ample of  a  noble  and  unselfish  life.  But 
while  ever  ready  to  promote  with  heart  and 
hand  any  movement  for  the  real  good  of 
humanity,  he  believes  in  no  artificial  pan- 
acea for  evil.  He  holds  that  as  this  is  radi- 
cal, having  its  root  in  human  selfishness, 


that  power  alone,  which  can  change  the 
natures  of  individuals,  can  in  the  long  run 
change  the  condition  of  masses,  and  he 
believes  that  the  only  true  light  of  a  dark- 
ened world  streams  from  the  Cross.  "  In 
this  sign "  all  his  efforts,  all  his  teachings 
find  their  inspiration.  To  him  it  is  the  most 
real  of  all  realities;  and  to  make  it  such  to 
others  is  the  central  aim  and  impulse  of  his 
life.  His  faith  in  this,  and  in  the  duty  of 
the  Christian  church  to  fulfil  her  "  marching 
orders,"  have  made  him  a  warm  advocate 
for  Christian  missions,  giving  a  catholic 
sympathy  to  all,  of  whatever  name,  who 
are  seeking  to  plant  among  the  heathen 
abroad  what  he  holds  to  be  the  root  of  a 
true  Christian  civilization,  or  who  are  labor- 
ing by  any  method  to  humanise  and  christ- 
ianise the  heathen  at  home.  The  narrowness 
of  conventionality  in  religion  is  as  repulsive 
to  him  as  that  of  creed  or  ritual.  He  de- 
lights to  own  true  brotherhood  with  all  who 
"  profess  and  call  themselves  Christians," 
and  he  looks  and  labors  for  the  true  spirit 
of  unity  in  the  Christian  church,  which 
shall  give  it  its  true  power  in  the  world.  It 
is  the  inspiration  of  this  faith  and  hope 
which  has  made  his  life  sov  fruitful  in  power 
and  inspiration,  and  will  make  him  live  in 
many  hearts  and  lives  when  other  men,  as 
prominent  now,  shall  be  forgotten. 

Gendreau,  Jean  Baptiste,  Notary 
Public,  Coaticook,  county  of  Stanstead,  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  was  born  on  25th  Febru- 
ary, 1850,  in  that  part  of  the  old  parish  of 
St.  Hyacinthe  now  called  Ste.  Madeleine, 
in  the  province  of  Quebec  His  father, 
Jean  Baptiste  Gendreau,  was  first  a  farmer 
and  afterwards  an  hotel  keeper  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Pie,  in  Bagot  county,  Jean  Bap- 
tiste Gendreau,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
first  studied  at  the  College  of  St.  Hyacinthe, 
and  after  completing  his  college  course, 
passed  a  few  months  in  the  Jesuits'  Novi- 
tiate, at  Sault  au-Becollet,  near  Montreal. 
He  left  the  latter  place  for  Coaticook  in  the 
fall  of  1873,  where  he  served  for  a  few 
months  as  a  clerk  in  a  store,  and  then,  in 
May,  1874,  he  decided  to  study  the  notari- 
al profession.  This  he  did  for  four  years, 
and  was  then  admitted  to  the  profession  of 
notary  in  May,  1878.  He  then  settled  in 
Coaticook,  where  he  still  resides  and  does  a 
good  business.  Though  comparatively  a 
young  man,  he  has  taken  a  prominent  part 
in  all  the  public  questions,  and  is  now  one 
of  the  leading  citizens  of  his  district,  espe- 


392 


•A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


cially  amongst  the  people  of  his  own  na- 
tionality. When  Mr.  Gendreau  first  settled 
in  Coaticook  it  was  a  village  municipality, 
erected  in  January,  1864;  now  it  has  grown 
to  be  an  enterprising  place,  and  there  are 
several  manufactories  and  industries  estab- 
lished in  it.  Mr.  Gendreau  has  success- 
fully filled  the  following  offices,  namely: 
secretary -treasurer  of  the  Catholic  School 
Board  since  1875;  municipal  councillor 
since  1881 ;  president  of  the  old  Coaticook 
Building  Society  at  the  time  of  its  liquida- 
tion in  1882;  director  of  the  Eastern  Town- 
ships Colonization  and  Credit  Company  of 
Lake  Megantic  since  1882 ;  mayor  of  Coati- 
cook, after  its  erection  into  a  town,  in  1884 
and  1885,  and  warden  of  the  county  of 
Stanstead  during  the  same  years;  and  is 
now  the  revising  officer  of  the  same  county 
under  the  new  Dominion  Franchise  Act. 
He  was  married  to  Marie  Hose  Durocher, 
daughter  of  G^de"on  Durocher,  a  notary 
public  of  the  parish  of  St.  Aime,  in  Riche- 
lieu county. 

RIcKniglit,  Robert,  Owen  Sound, 
Registrar  of  the  county  of  Grey,  was  born 
at  Kilkeel,  in  the  county  of  Down,  Ireland, 
on  the  4th  September,  1836.  His  parents 
were  Robert  McKnight  and  Eliza  Gray. 
He  received  a  scanty  education  in  the  schools 
of  his  native  village,  and  when  only  nine- 
teen years  of  age  left  his  native  land  for 
Canada.  He  arrived  in  New  York  in  the 
latter  end  of  June,  1858,  and  while  there  he 
engaged  with  the  captain  of  a  whaling  ship 
to  go  to  the  Arctic  regions  on  a  whaling  ex- 
pedition, but  in  consequence  of  the  ship  not 
being  ready  to  put  to  sea  at  the  time  agreed 
upon,  he  broke  off  the  engagement  and 
started  for  Canada.  Arriving  in  Tossoronto, 
Simcoe  county,  he  found  employment  in  a 
saw  mill.  Six  months  after  the  mill  was 
placed  in  his  charge,  and  the  entire  busi- 
ness was  conducted  by  him  for  the  next 
three  years.  In  1860  he  left  the  mill,  and 
took  charge  of  a  school  in  the  adjoining 
township  of  Essa,  where  he  remained  for 
another  three  years.  Leaving  Essa,  he 
took  up  his  abode  in  Tecumseth,  where  he 
taught  for  another  three  years,  and  during 
this  time  secured  the  highest  grade  of  a 
first-class  teacher  from  the  County  Board  of 
Education.  In  1864  he  entered  the  Mili- 
tary School  at  Toronto,  and  received  a  ca- 
det's commission.  He  raised  a  company  of 
volunteers  at  Markdale  during  the  Fenian 
raid,  and  was  chosen  captain,  but  the  mini- 


ster of  militia  having  declined  to  increase 
the  strength  of  the  31st  battalion,  the  com- 
pany disbanded.  Subsequently,  however, 
on  his  removal  to  Meaford,  he  accepted  a 
lieutenant's  commission  in  No.  2  company 
Grey  battalion,  and  remained  in  the  service 
until  he  was  appointed  registrar  of  Grey, 
when  he  resigned.  Bidding  good-bye  to 
school  teaching,  he  opened  a  general  store  in 
the  village  of  Markdale,  Grey  county,  where 
he  remained  for  two  years  and  then  sold  out. 
He  next  took  up  his  abode  in  Cookstown, 
Simcoe  county,  and  here  began  business 
anew,  adding  drugs  to  his  general  business. 
Next  year  a  fire  broke  out  in  the  village, 
and,  among  other  buildings,  swept  away 
Mr.  McKnight's  store  and  dwelling.  No- 
thing disheartened  by  this  calamity,  al- 
though a  great  loser  by  the  destruction  of 
the  contents  of  both  store  and  dwelling,  he 
went  to  work  and  paid  up  every  dollar  of 
his  indebtedness.  He  then  removed  to  the 
then  rising  village  of  Meaford,  and  went 
into  the  drug  and  grocery  business,  and 
through  close  attention  to  business  he  soon 
overcame  his  losses  at  Cookstown,  and  it 
was  not  long  before  he  became  one  of  the 
leading  citizens,  taking  an  active  part  in 
everything  partaining  to  the  advancement 
of  the  village.  As  a  politician  he  was  ever 
active,  having  first  taken  a  part  in  the  con- 
test between  the  late  Hon.  William  McMas- 
ter  and  John  W.  Gamble,  in  the  old  home 
district,  for  a  seat  in  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil of  Canada.  At  this  time  Mr.  McKnight 
sided  with  Mr.  McMaster  and  the  Reformers, 
and  has  ever  since  worked  in  the  same  ranks. 
In  1872  he  was  chosen  by  the  Reformers  to 
contest  East  Grey  against  W.  R.  Fletcher, 
the  Conservative  candidate,  for  a  seat  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  but  he  failed  to  secure 
his  election.  Again,  in  1874,  he  took  the 
field  against  his  old  opponent,  but  at  the 
close  of  the  poll  it  was  found  that  Mr.  Flet- 
cher still  held  the  seat,  although  only  by  a 
majority  of  three  hundred,  on  the  previous 
occasion  he  having  carried  his  election  by 
six  hundred  majority.  In  1875  Mr.  Mc- 
Knight was  once  more  chosen  to  carry  the 
Liberal  standard,  and  this  time  in  North 
Grey.  His  opponent  was  David  Creighton, 
the  sitting  member,  and  editor  and  pro- 
prietor of  the  Owen  Sound  Times,  a  gentle- 
man well  known  throughout  the  riding, 
while  Mr.  McKnight  was  practically  an  out- 
sider. The  battle  was  a  fierce  one,  but  at 
the  end  of  it  Mr.  Creighton  held  his  old 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


393 


seat  in  the  Ontario  legislature,  only,  how- 
ever, by  a  majority  of  fifty-nine.  In  1»74 
Mr.  McKnight  was  made  a  justice  of  the 
peace,  and  the  same  year  a  commissioner 
per  dedimus  potestatem.  He  was  ap- 
pointed registrar  for  the  county  of  Grey  in 
1875,  and  to  this  office  he  now  devotes  the 
principal  part  of  his  time.  His  removal 
from  the  arena  of  politics  has  given  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  some  leisure  to  practise 
his  favorite  pursuits — notably,  floriculture 
and  horticulture — and  his  home  in  Owen 
Sound  testifies  to  his  skill  and  taste  in  both. 
But  fortunately  for  his  neighbors  he  does 
not  confine  himself  to  his  own  private  pur- 
suits. He  is  at  present  president  of  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute ;  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Education,  and  of  the  Board  of  Health;  and 
an  active  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity. 
He  is  well  known  as  an  enthusiastic  apiarist. 
He  is  one  of  the  leading  spirits  of  the  On- 
tario Bee-keepers'  Association,  having  been 
present  at  the  convention  held  in  Toronto, 
when  it  was  first  organized,  and  presided 
over  the  deliberations  of  that  meeting  in  the 
city  hall  for  three  evenings.  He  was  elect- 
ed the  secretary-treasurer  of  the  newly - 
organized  association,  and  on  him  devolved 
the  perfecting  of  the  organization,  which 
he  did  thoroughly  and  well.  For  two  years 
he  held  this  position,  and  during  that  time 
edited  the  bee  department  of  the  Canadian 
Farmer.  The  following  year  he  was  elected 
president,  and  he  has  been  on  the  executive 
committee  ever  since.  He  was  appointed 
one  of  the  delegates  to  represent  Ontario's 
display  in  the  Colonial  exhibition,  held  in 
London,  England,  in  1886.  The  magnificent 
display  of  honey  was  due  in  a  very  great 
measure  to  his  efforts,  as  after  a  fair  trial  it 
was  found  that  he  possessed  the  art  of  stag- 
ing the  goods  to  the  best  possible  advantage, 
and  we  think  we  may  say,  without  fear  of 
contradiction,  that  he  has  no  superior,  if  an 
equal,  in  this  line.  To  him  alone  was  left 
the  entire  arrangement  of  the  display,  and 
the  bee-keepers  of  Ontario  feel  very  grate- 
ful for  his  untiring  efforts  in  watching  and 
carefully  keeping  the  display  up,  changing 
it  from  day  to  day  and  from  week  to  week, 
and  making  it  always  look  fresh,  as  if  just 
placed  in  position.  He  not  only  worked  in 
the  honey-building,  but  frequently  spent 
hours  after  midnight  with  the  pen  to  main- 
tain the  honor  and  reputation  of  the  bee- 
keepers of  his  adopted  country.  He  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  Tn 


1865  he  was  married  to  Miss  McLean, 
daughter  of  Duncan  McLean,  of  Elm  Grove, 
and  has  a  family  of  three  children. 

Torrance,  Hon.  Frederick  Wil- 
liam, B.O.L.,  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court 
of  the  Province  of  Quebec.— The  late  Judge 
Torrance  was  born  in  Montreal  on  the  16th 
July,  1823,  and  died  in  the  same  city  on 
the  2nd  January,  1887.  He  was  a  son  of 
John  Torrance,  in  his  lifetime  one  of  the 
leading  merchants  of  Montreal.  Judge 
Torrance  received  his  primary  education  at 
private  schools  at  Montreal,  at  the  Nicolet 
College,  and  at  Edinburgh  under  private 
tutors ;  and  finally  entered  the  University  of 
Edinburgh,  where  he  took  the  degree  of 
M.A.  in  1844,  ranking  second  in  the  order 
of  proficiency  in  classics  and  mathematics. 
He  had  previously,  in  1839-40,  followed 
courses  of  lectures  at  Paris,  France,  at  the 
Ecole  de  Me'decine  and  at  the  Colle'ge  de 
France.  He  studied  law  with  the  late 
Duncan  Fisher,  Q.C.,  and  the  Hon.  James 
Smith,  subsequently  attorney-general  for 
Lower  Canada,  and  a  judge  of  the  Queen's 
Bench.  In  1848  he  was  called  to  the  bar 
of  Lower  Canada.  In  1852  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  Alexander  Morris,  who 
afterwards  for  a  time  filled  the  position  of 
chief  justice  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench 
for  Manitoba — the  firm  being  known  as  Tor- 
rance and  Morris.  In  1861,  Hon.  Mr.  Mor- 
ris having  entered  the  political  arena,  was 
elected  to  represent  South  Lanark  in  the 
Legislative  Assembly,  and  shortly  after- 
wards removed  to  the  province  of  Ontario. 
He  was  succeeded  in  the  firm  by  his  brother, 
J.  L.  Morris.  On  27th  August,  1868,  Mr. 
Torrance  was  appointed  a  puisne  judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  Quebec,  and  from 
that  time  until  his  death  earned  for  himself 
the  reputation  of  an  eminent  jurist,  and  an 
upright,  careful  and  painstaking  judge. 
His  decisions  in  business  matters  were  al- 
ways considered  of  great  value,  on  account 
of  his  extensive  experience  in  commercial 
law  while  practising  at  the  bar.  Judge 
Torrance  was  lecturer  and  professor  of  Bo- 
man  law  in  McGill  University  (of  which  he 
was  governor,  and  from  which  he  obtained 
the  degree  of  B.C.L.  in  1856)  from  1854  to 
1870.  In  1865,  he  was  one  of  the  commis- 
sioners appointed  to  enquire  into  the  St. 
Albans  raid  affair,  and  did  good  service. 
In  conjunction  with  Strachan  Bethune,  Q.C., 
J.  L.  Morris,  and  the  late  Mr.  La  Franaie, 
he  brought  out  the  Lower  Canada  Jurist, 


394 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


to  which  he  contributed  for  many  years. 
He  was  intimately  connected  with  the 
Fraser  Institute,  and  with  the  Hon.  J.  J.  C. 
Abbott  devoted  much  of  his  time  towards 
establishing  a  free  library  in  connection 
therewith.  In  religion  Judge  Torrance  was 
a  staunch  Presbyterian,  and  he  took  a  deep 
interest  in  all  things  relating  to  that  church. 
He  was  president  of  the  Presbyterian  Sab- 
bath-school Association,  and  after  being  con- 
nected with  the  Cote  Street  Church,  Mont- 
real, for  many  years,  he  became  an  elder  of 
Crescent  Street  Church,  which  position  he 
held  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  contri- 
buted materially  to  the  foundation  of  the 
Montreal  Presbyterian  College,  and  always 
took  a  lively  interest  in  its  welfare.  He  was 
also  a  life  governor  of  the  Montreal  Gene- 
ral Hospital.  He  subscribed  largely  to  the 
general  fund  of  the  Home  and  Foreign 
Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He 
took  special  interest  in  the  missions  to  the 
Jews.  He  always  identified  himself  enthus- 
iastically with  Sabbath-school  work.  He 
was  known  as  a  generous,  kind-hearted  and 
public-spirited  citizen,  and  his  death  was 
deeply  regretted  by  a  large  number  of  per- 
sonal friends  and  the  whole  community,  by 
whom  he  was  held  in  great  esteem.  Some 
ten  years  ago  he  married  Mrs.  Pugh,  of 
Louisville,  Ky.  He  left  a  widow,  but  had 
no  children.  Judge  Torrance  was  not  re- 
puted to  be  very  wealthy,  but  during  his 
lifetime  his  donations  to  the  institutions 
with  which  he  was  connected  were  large  and 
numerous. 

Thomson,  Donald  Cameron,  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel, Lumber  Merchant,  Quebec, 
one  of  the  most  esteemed  and  successful  men 
of  business  in  the  ancient  capital,  was  born 
in  1823,  at  Kenlochiel  House,  near  St.  An- 
drew's, county  of  Argenteuil,  province  of 
Quebec.  His  father  served  as  a  commissa- 
riat officer  during  the  war  of  1812;  and  his 
mother  belonged  to  the  family  of  Lochiel. 
In  1860,  when  the  Trent  outrage  aroused 
the  loyalty  of  Canada's  sons,  Mr.  Thomson 
raised  a  company  of  volunteers,  and  was 
attached  to  the  battalion  commanded  by 
Lieut. -Col.  De  Salaberry,  and  on  the  latter 
retiring  from  the  service,  Captain  Thomson 
was  promoted  to  the  lieutenant-colonelcy, 
and  given  command  of  the  battalion.  He  was 
out  during  the  Fenian  troubles,  and  subse- 
quently retired  retaining  his  rank.  For  a 
number  of  years  Colonel  Thomson  has  been 
actively  engaged,  and  still  continues,  in  the 


export  trade  of  timber  to  Britain,  etc.  He 
took  a  prominent  part  in  the  creation  of  the 
Union  Bank  of  Canada,  at  Quebec,  as  well  as 
in  the  formation  of  several  commercial  com- 
panies connected  with  river  navigation.  At 
present  he  is  a  director  of  the  Union  Bank 
of  Canada;  vice-president  of  the  Quebec 
Steamship  Company;  president  of  the  Sa- 
guenay  &  Lake  St.  John  Railway  Company ; 
director  of  the  St.  Lawrence  Steamboat 
Company ;  and  director  of  the  Quebec  Ferry 
Company.  A  lover  of  sport  Col.  Thomson 
divides  his  summer  vacation  between  the 
secluded  salmon  pools  of  the  Murray  river, 
leased  to  him,  and  his  rustic  cottage  at 
Pointe-a-Pic,  Murray  Bay.  Later  on  one 
may  meet  him  scouring  for  cariboo,  with 
an  Indian  guide,  the  snow- clad  heights  in 
rear  of  Baie  St.  Paul,  known  as  Les  Jardins. 
In  politics  the  colonel  may  be  counted 
among  the  Liberal-Conservatives,  and  in 
religion  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  He  is  married  to  Annie  Atkinson, 
niece  of  the  late  Henry  Atkinson,  of  Spen- 
cerwood. 

O ul ton,  Alfred  E.,  Dorchester,  Judge 
of  Probate  for  the  county  of  Westmoreland, 
New  Brunswick,  was  born  in  Westmoreland, 
on  the  2nd  March,  1845.  His  parents  were 
Thomas  E.  Oulton  and  Elizabeth  Carter, 
both  natives  of  Westmoreland  county,  whose 
ancestors  came  from  Yorkshire,  England, 
and  settled  in  Westmoreland  in  1763.  Mr. 
Oulton  received  his  education  at  the  schools 
of  his  native  place,  and  after  attending  in  his 
father's  store  for  a  while,  went  to  Sackville, 
New  Brunswick,  and  spent  three  years  in 
Mount  Allison  Academy,  taking  a  course  of 
studies  which  embraced  the  higher  mathe- 
matics and  the  Latin  language.  He  adopt- 
ed law  as  a  profession,  and  pursued  his 
studies  in  the  office  of  A.  L.  Palmer,  now 
judge  in  equity  of  New  Brunswick.  He 
was  admitted  to  practice  as  an  attorney  in 
June,  1867,  and  as  a  barrister  in  June  the 
following  year.  He  then  went  into  a  law 
partnership  with  Mr.  Palmer  for  three  years, 
when  Mr.  Palmer  removed  to  St.  John  and 
the  partnership  was  dissolved.  Since  then 
he  has  carried  on  business  on  his  own  ac- 
count, and  we  may  say  here  that  he  has 
been  a  very  successful  lawyer.  His  prac- 
tice extends  into  all  the  courts  in  the  pro- 
vince, and  also  into  the  Supreme  courts  of 
the  Dominion,  and  he  does  a  great  deal  of 
office  work,  such  as  the  collecting  of  claims, 
conveyancing,  and  general  notarial  work. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


395 


Mr.  Oulton  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
municipal  council  of  Dorchester,  N.B.,  on 
its  organization  on  the  7th  June,  1887,  and 
still  holds  the  office.  On  the  death  of 
Governor  Chandler,  he  was  appointed  judge 
of  probate,  August  1,  1878,  and  is  consid- 
ered practical  and  painstaking  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  official  duties,  and  gives  great 
satisfaction  to  the  public.  He  is  a  commis- 
sioner for  the  Admiralty  Court  of  New 
Brunswick.  He  joined  the  Masonic  order 
in  1866,  and  was  for  three  years  in  succes- 
sion master  of  the  Blue  lodge  at  Dorches- 
ter. He  is  also  a  Koyal  Arch  Mason,  being 
a  member  of  the  chapter  held  at  Moncton. 
In  religion  he  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England ;  and  in  politics  a  Conservative.  He 
was  married  in  June,  1883,  to  Kate  Esta- 
brook,  daughter  of  the  late  G.  B.  Estabrook, 
of  Sackville,  N.B.,  and  they  have  a  family  of 
three  children,  two  boys  and  one  girl. 

Tttclsaac,  Colin  F.,  Barrister,  Antigo- 
nish,  Nova  Scotia,  M.P.P.  for  Antigonish, 
was  born  at  South  Kiver,  Antigonish  coun- 
ty, in  1856.  He  is  of  Scotch  descent,  his 
ancestors  having  come  from  Inverness-shire, 
Scotland,  many  years  ago,  and  settled  in 
Antigonish  county.  His  brother,  Angus 
Mclsaac,  now  judge  of  the  county  court  of 
Antigonish,  sat  in  the  House  of  Commons 
at  Ottawa  from  1873  to  1885.  Colin  F.  Mc- 
lsaac was  educated  at  St.  Francois  Xavier 
College,  in  his  native  county.-  Having  adopt- 
ed law  as  a  profession,  he  devoted  some  years 
to  study,  and  on  12th  January,  1880,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia,  since 
which  time  he  has  successfully  practised  his 
profession.  In  1882  he  was  elected  a  gov- 
ernor of  St.  Frangois  Xavier  College,  and 
has  occupied  this  position  ever  since.  He 
entered  political  life  in  1886,  and  at  the 
general  election  held  that  year  was  elected 
by  a  handsome  majority  to  represent  An- 
tigonish in  the  Nova  Scotia  legislature.  In 
politics  Mr.  Mclsaac  is  a  Liberal;  and  in  re- 
ligion is  a  member  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church. 

Philp,  Rev.  John,  M.A.,  Pastor  St. 
James  Street  Methodist  Church,  Montreal, 
is  a  Canadian  by  birth,  having  been  born 
in  the  town  of  Cobourg,  in  the  province  of 
Ontario.  His  father,  the  Eev.  William  Philp, 
a  native  of  Cornwall,  England,  was  for  nearly 
forty  years  a  minister  of  the  Wesleyan  Meth- 
odist church  in  Canada.  His  mother  was 
a  person  of  rare  excellence  of  heart  and  life. 
Rev.  Mr.  Philp,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 


was  educated  at  Victoria  University,  Co- 
bourg, and  graduated  in  the  arts  course  in 
1861,  receiving  the  B.A.  degree,  and  taking 
the  Hodgins  prize.  Three  years  later  the 
same  university  conferred  upon  him  the 
M.A.  degree.  He  entered  the  ministry  of  the 
Wesleyan  Methodist  church  in  1860,  when 
in  the  twentieth  year  of  his  age,  and  while 
yet  at  college.  In  June,  1861,  he  received 
his  first  appointment.  In  June,  1865,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Maggie  Grafton,  of  Dun- 
das,  Ontario,  and  has  a  family  of  four  chil- 
dren, living,  the  eldest  of  whom  will  soon 
graduate  in  medicine  in  McGill  University, 
Montreal.  His  stations  in  order  have  been 
Oakville,  Dundas,  St.  Mary's,  Woodstock, 
Fairfield,  Windsor,  Paris,  St.  Mary's,  Queen's 
Avenue  Church,  London;  Wesley  Church, 
Hamilton;  Carlton  Street  Church,  Toronto; 
St.  James  Street  Church,  Montreal,  and  few 
ministers  in  the  denomination  can  show 
more  work  done  in  the  Master's  vineyard 
during  nearly  twenty-eight  years.  Fair- 
field  circuit,  near  Brantford,  was  his  first 
superintendency,  and  here  extensive  revivals 
of  religion  took  place.  One  of  the  finest 
country  churches  was  erected  on  what  is 
known  as  Fairfield  Plain.  At  Windsor 
during  his  term,  the  small  frame  build- 
ing in  which  the  congregation  had  long 
worshipped  was  superseded  by  a  new  and 
attractive  brick  church.  At  Paris,  the  pre- 
sent beautiful  sanctuary  was  built,  and  thus 
the  interests  of  Methodism  there  greatly  fur- 
thered. At  St.  Mary's,  a  remarkable  temper- 
ance movement  took  place,  in  which  over 
two  thousand  signed  the  pledge.  In  this 
he  took  an  active  part.  During  his  term 
in  London,  the  Queen's  Avenue  Metho- 
dist Church  was  modernised  and  beauti- 
fied, at  a  cost  of  $14,000.  And  since  he 
took  charge  of  the  St.  James  Street  Church, 
Montreal,  the  congregation,  by  their  spirit 
and  liberality,  have  begun  a  signally  import- 
ant and  greatly  needed  work — the  erec- 
tion of  a  representative  church  in  a  more  cen- 
tral part  of  the  city;  which,  when  it  is  com- 
pleted will  be  the  most  imposing  and  com- 
modious religious  edifice  of  Methodism  in 
Canada.  Mr.  Philp  has  received  many  marks 
of  esteem  and  confidence  on  the  part  of  his 
brethren  in  the  church.  He  has  been  the 
secretary  of  the  London  Conference;  secre- 
tary of  the  Examining  Board;  delegate  to 
the  General  Conference;  Conference  exam- 
iner for  the  Theological  College,  Montreal; 
preacher  of  one  of  the  baccalaureate  ser- 


396 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


mons  for  Victoria  University,  &c.  Though 
greatly  devoted  to  his  ministerial  duties,  he 
has  found  time  to  go  abroad  a  little,  making 
a  trip  to  Britain,  and  a  tour  through  the  Con- 
tinent, sailing  up  the  Rhine,  lingering  amid 
the  glories  of  Alpine  scenery,  and  viewing 
some  of  the  principal  cities  of  Europe.  While 
in  England,  nothing  affected  the  reverend 
gentleman  more  than  a  visit  to  the  little  Cor- 
nish town  where  his  (now  sainted)  parents 
were  born  and  spent  their  early  days.  From 
that  unpretentious  centre  (Lostwithiel  and 
its  immediate  vicinity)  came  eight  young 
men  who  knew  each  other  in  their  boyhood, 
and  who  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Metho- 
dist church  in  Canada,  doing  blessed  and 
effective  service  for  Christ.  Most  of  them 
have  since  passed  to  their  reward.  Rev. 
Mr.  Philp  is  a  firm  believer  in  the  great  doc- 
trines of  truth  as  held  by  the  Methodist 
church,  not  because  they  are  the  creed  of 
the  church,  but  because  they  are  the  vitali- 
ties »f  Christian  life;  preeminently,  the  di- 
vinity of  the  Son  of  God,  the  vicarious  char- 
acter and  sufficiency  of  the  atonement,  free 
and  full  salvation  alone  through  faith  in 
Christ,  regeneration,  the  witness  of  the 
Spirit,  the  divine  authority  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures.  But,  while  strongly  attached 
to  the  Methodist  church,  he  would  scorn 
all  narrowness  of  thought  and  view,  all  ser- 
vile devotion  to  mere  dogma,  all  sectarian 
prejudice  and  caste,  and  would  most  fer- 
vently pray  with  the  Apostle,  "  Grace  be 
with  all  them  that  love  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  in  sincerity."  He  believes  that  the 
pulpit  should  be  progressive  in  its  spirit 
and  aim;  abreast  of  the  times  in  sanctified 
scholarship  and  power  to  teach,  wisely  con- 
servative in  its  doctrinal  tendency  (by  which 
he  means  not  too  eager  to  hail  and  foster 
new  things),  gospel  in  its  character,  never 
descending  to  the  level  of  the  mere  lecture 
platform,  or  wasting  its  energy  in  mere 
speculative  enquiry.  Its  one  mission  should 
be  to  preach  Christ  with  aU  tenderness, 
simplicity,  earnestness  and  directness  as  the 
sinner's  hope,  the  world's  saviour.  The  Mon- 
treal Daily  Mar,  of  the  24th  October,  1887, 
thus  kindly  speaks  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Philp : — 
"  He  is  a  comparatively  young  man,  al- 
though his  ministerial  work  has  been  much 
greater  and  more  varied  than  falls  to  the  lot 
of  men  of  his  years.  In  the  pulpit  he  pre- 
sents the  appearance  of  a  man  of  great  in- 
tellectual power,  and  his  delivery  bears  out 
the  impression,  as  his  discourses  are  logical 


and  keenly  analytic.  His  elocution  is  easy, 
and  increases  in  animation  as  he  approaches 
the  conclusion  and  application  of  his  argu- 
ments. Mr.  Philp  is  noted  as  a  successful 
revivalist,  and  he  has  held  in  many  places 
large  meetings,  and  by  his  earnest,  self- 
denying  labors  in  every  station  in  which  he 
has  labored  caused  large  increases  in  the 
membership  of  his  church.  While  especi- 
ally active  in  forwarding  the  advance  of  the 
spiritual  interests  of  his  flock,  Mr.  Philp  is 
not  forgetful  of  the  fact  that  the  handmaids 
of  religion,  architecture,  music,  etc.,  have 
also  their  influence  on  the  people.  He  has 
endeavored  to  promote  their  cultivation  in 
available  forms,  and  his  efforts  in  the  direc- 
tion of  improving  the  ecclesiastical  struc- 
tures over  which  he  has  had  control,  and 
the  erection  of  others,  have  been  peculiarly 
successful." 

Pa  ton.  Hugh,  General  Manager  and 
Secretary  of  the  Shedden  Company,  Mont- 
real, was  born  at  Johnstone,  Renfrewshire, 
Scotland,  on  the  5th  October,  1852.  His 
parents  were  William  Paton  and  Mary 
Shedden,  of  Kilbirnie,  Ayrshire,  Scotland. 
Mr.  Paton  received  his  education  in  the 
Grammar  School  of  Paisley,  Scotland.  In 
1871  he  came  out  to  Canada,  to  reside  with 
his  uncle,  the  late  John  Shedden,  railway 
contractor,  Toronto.  He  entered  Mr.  Shed- 
den's  office  in  Toronto,  and  remained  there 
until  that  gentleman's  untimely  death  in 
1873,  he  having  been  killed  by  a  train  on 
the  Toronto  and  Nipissing  Railway,  when 
celebrating  the  opening  of  that  line,  which 
he  had  built.  Mr.  Paton  then  removed  to 
Montreal,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and 
became  secretary-treasurer  of  the  Shedden 
Company,  general  forwarders  and  carriers, 
and  cartage  agents  for  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  which  succeeded  to  the  business 
of  the  deceased  Mr.  Shedden.  This  posi- 
tion he  occupied  until  1879,  when  he  be- 
came manager  and  secretary,  and  this 
office  he  still  holds;  and  we  say  here  that 
Mr.  Paton  is  now  the  principal  proprietor 
of  this  company.  He  was  honorary  secre- 
tary-treasurer of  the  Province  of  Quebec 
Turf  Club  for  four  years;  and  honorary 
secretary-treasurer  of  the  Montreal  Tandem 
Club  for  two  years.  From  1879  to  1886  he 
was  honorary  secretary- treasurer  of  the 
Montreal  Hunt;  and  this  year  (1887)  he 
was  elected  master  of  the  fox  hounds,  and 
that  position  he  now  holds.  He  has  always 
taken  an  interest  in  racing  and  in  agricul- 


398 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Portland,  Maine,  U.  S.,  and  continued  his 
studies  in  the  office  of  S.  L.  Morse,  Q.C., 
Bridgetown,  Annapolis  county,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, and  completed  them  in  the  office  of  the 
Hon.  James  Macdonald,  Halifax,  the  pre- 
sent chief  justice  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  on  the  19th  of  July, 
1870.  In  1880  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
probate  for  Hants  county;  and  in  1886  was 
made  revising  barrister  for  the  same  county, 
under  the  Electoral  Franchise  Act,  and 
both  offices  he  still  continues  to  hold.  Pre- 
vious to  his  becoming  a  law  student,  Mr. 
De  Wolfe  owned  and  edited  a  weekly  news- 
paper in  Bridgetown,  and  for  five  years  he 
was  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Windsor 
Mail,  published  at  Windsor,  N.S.  He  has 
taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  temperance 
movement,  and  on  various  occasions,  and 
in  different  places  in  his  native  province, 
delivered  strong  addresses  on  its  behalf. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and 
has  been  an  active  party  man  in  his  county. 
On  the  12th  of  October,  1887,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Oassie  H.,  daughter  of  Samuel  Grey, 
of  New  Annan,  Colchester  county,  N.  S. 
Mrs.  De  Wolfe  was,  before  her  marriage,  a 
captain  in  the  Salvation  Army,  and  a  very 
zealous  worker  for  God  and  humanity  in 
the  provinces  of  Nova  Scotia  and  Newfound- 
land, but  through  ill  health,  had  to  retire 
from  active  service  in  the  army.  Mrs.  De 
Wolfe  has  a  sister  in  India,  working  there 
as  a  missionary,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Baptist  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  of  Nova 
Scotia. 

liillain,  A  in  asa  Emerson,  Moncton, 
Manager  of  the  St.  Martin's  and  Upham 
Railway,  M.P.P.  for  Westmoreland  county, 
New  Brunswick,  was  born  on  the  25th  of 
August,  1834.  His  parents  were  born  in 
New  Brunswick,  his  father  on  the  26th  of 
March,  1811,  and  his  mother  on  the  10th 
of  May,  1812.  His  paternal  grandfather 
was  an  officer  in  the  British  army,  and 
served  during  the  American  war  of  inde- 
pendence, and  on  the  declaration  of  peace 
came  to  New  Brunswick  and  settled  at  Sack- 
ville.  His  grandparents,  on  the  mother's 
side,  were  U.  E.  loyalists,  and  also  became 
settlers  in  the  Maritime  provinces.  Mr. 
Killam  received  his  education  at  the  com- 
mon schools  of  his  native  place.  He  held 
the  position  of  postmaster  for  a  number  of 
years,  and  is  now  manager  of  the  St.  Mar- 
tin's and  Upham  Railway,  and  in  1884  pur- 
chased the  Elgin,  Petitcodiac  and  Havelock 


railway,  from  Petitcodiac  to  Elgin,  and  in 
1885  built  the  extension  of  the  road  to 
Havelock,  and  became  managing  director, 
and  in  1886  took  an  interest  in  building 
the  Central  Railway,  from  Norton  to  Fred- 
ericton,  and  is  managing  director  of  the 
company:  also  managing  director  of  the 
Buctouche  and  Moncton  railway.  He  first 
entered  the  House  of  Assembly  after  the  gen- 
eral election  held  in  1878,  as  representative 
of  Westmoreland  county.  At  the  following 
general  election  he  failed  to  be  returned; 
but  in  September,  1883,  on  the  resignation 
of  P.  A.  Landry,  who  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Commons  at  Ottawa,  Mr.  Killam 
was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy.  At  the  gen- 
eral election  held  in  1886  he  again  came  be- 
fore his  constituents,  and  was  once  more 
chosen  their  representative  hi  the  local 
house.  In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal-Conserv- 
ative. On  the  25th  July,  1857,  he  was 
married,  at  Sackville,  to  Millicent  Wheaton, 
and  the  fruit  of  the  union  has  been  seven- 
teen children. 

Youiisr,  Sir  William,  LL.D.,  ex-Chief 
Justice  of  Nova  Scotia,  Halifax. — The  late 
Sir  William  Young,  who  was  a  Scotchman 
by  birth,  was  born  at  Falkirk,  in  1799,  and 
died  at  Halifax,  on  the  8th  of  May,  1887. 
He  was  a  son  of  John  Young,  of  Falkirk, 
Stirlingshire,  Scotland,  who,  many  years 
ago,  emigrated  to  Nova  Scotia,  making 
Halifax  his  home.  His  son  William  receiv- 
ed his  education  at  the  University  of  Glas- 
gow, where  he  took  honors.  He  then  took 
up  law  as  a  profession,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Nova  Scotia  in  1826,  and  appointed 
Queen's  counsel  in  1843.  In  commencing 
his  career  as  a  lawyer,  he  had  some  advan- 
tages over  most  young  men,  in  his  family 
connections,  which  were  quite  numerous. 
But  he,  wisely,  did  not  too  largely  depend 
on  this  for  success  ;  he  was  well-read,  clear- 
headed, energetic,  and  bound  to  get  on 
through  his  own  inherent  powers  and  per- 
severance. When  he  had  established  his 
reputation  at  the  bar,  and  became  compar- 
atively independent  in  circumstances,  he 
entered  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Nova 
Scotia,  having  been  returned  in  1833  to  re- 
present the  island  of  Cape  Breton  when  it 
formed  an  electoral  district.  Subsequently, 
when  the  island  was  divided,  he  represented 
Inverness,  extending  over  a  period  of  twen- 
ty-two years— from  1837  to  1859.  In  the 
latter  year  he  successfully  contested  the 
county  of  Cumberland  against  Dr.  (now 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


397 


tural  pursuits,  and  is  the  owner  of  a  farm 
near  the  city  of  Montreal  where  he  resides 
during  the  summer  months,  and  where  he 
indulges  in  his  favorite  pursuits.  He  has 
owned  several  "  Queen's  platers "  and 
"steeple-chasers."  Since  Mr.  Paton  took 
charge  of  the  Shedden  Company  he  has 
considerably  extended  its  ramifications  over 
the  Dominion  of  Canada  and  the  Western 
States  of  America,  carrying  on  the  business 
of  contractors,  forwarders,  and  carriers, 
owning  about  eight  hundred  horses,  and 
grain  and  general  storage  warehouses  at 
several  points.  In  1879  he  made  an  ex- 
tended tour  over  the  continent  of  America, 
visiting  nearly  all  the  western  states,  and 
among  other  places  of  note  Salt  Lake  City, 
the  Yosemite  valley,  and  San  Francisco. 
Since  then  he  has  twice  travelled  over  the 
continent  of  Europe.  Mr.  Paton  is  a  Lib- 
eral-Conservative in  politics ;  and  in  religion 
is  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
He  was  married  in  1884  to  Bella  Robertson, 
daughter  of  Andrew  Robertson,  formerly 
merchant,  Montreal,  and  now  chairman  of 
the  Montreal  Harbor  Commission. 

De  Wolfe,  €harle§  Edgar,  Wind- 
sor, Barrister,  Judge  of  Probate,  and  Revis- 
ing Barrister  for  the  county  of  Hants,  Nova 
Scotia,  was  born  in  the  town  of  Windsor, 
the  shire  town  of  the  county  of  Hants,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  22nd  of  July,  1845.  His 
parents  were  James  Lovitt  De  Wolfe,  and 
Margaret  A.,  daughter  of  the  late  Thomas 
Lovett,  of  Cornwallis,  Kings  county,  Nova 
Scotia.  Their  children  were  Charles  Edgar, 
Sarah  Frances,  widow 'of  the  Rev.  H.  P. 
Almon;  Amelia  Isabella;  Benjamin  Arthur, 
who  died  17th  February,  1845  ;  James 
Lovitt,  a  doctor,  residing  in  England;  Ben- 
jamin Alfred,  who  died  17th  August,  1851; 
Perez  Morton,  head  of  the  well-known  book 
firm  of  De  Wolfe,  Fiske  &  Co.,  Archway 
Book  Store,  365  Washington  street,  Boston; 
Annie,  wife  of  W.  I.  Fenwick,  broker,  Mon- 
treal, and  Mary  Agnes.  J.  L.  De  Wolfe 
was  a  lawyer,  studied  law  in  the  office  of  the 
late  Judge  L.  M.  Wilkins ;  and  subsequently, 
and  for  many  years,  Mr.  De  Wolfe  was  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  business  in  the  town  of 
Windsor,  in  the  widely -known  firm  of  B.  De 
Wolfe  &  Son,  in  which  he  was  junior  part- 
ner. He  died  on  16th  April,  1863,  and  his 
wife  died  on  23rd  November,  1886.  Benja- 
min De  Wolfe,  grandfather  of  C.  E.  De 
Wolfe,  was  the  senior  partner  in  the  before- 
mentioned  firm.  He  was  member  for  H  ants 


county  in  1827-31.  He  married  a  Miss 
Lovitt,  of  the  city  of  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick. They  had  four  children,  James  Lo- 
vitt, Benjamin,  lost  at  sea  when  acting  as 
supercargo  of  a  vessel;  George,  a  medical 
student,  also  dead;  and  Sarah  L.,  who  now 
resides  in  Windsor.  Benjamin  De  Wolfe, 
senior,  died  9th  December,  1863.  Loran 
De  Wolfe,  the  father  of  Benjamin,  was  born 
at  Say  Brook,  Connecticut,  7th  April,  1754, 
He  resided  in  Windsor,  or  about  three  miles 
from  it,  the  greater  portion  of  his  life.  He 
married  Mary  Fox,  of  Cornwallis,  Kings 
county.  They  had  five  children,  viz.,  Ben- 
jamin, Phoebe  M.,  George,  Hannah,  and 
Isaac.  In  1791  Loran  De  Wolfe  was  asses- 
sor for  the  town  of  Windsor.  The  "  Baptist 
Missionary  Magazine "  for  April,  1835,  in 
an -obituary  notice  of  him  remarks:  "As  an 
instance  of  the  public  confidence  in  this 
worthy  man,  we  may  remark  that  he  was 
elected  in  1812  by  acclamation,  to  repre- 
sent the  township  of  Windsor  in  the  General 
Assembly.  He  retained  his  seat  until  ill 
health  obliged  him  to  retire  from  public 
life."  Nathan  DeWolfe,  father  of  Loran,  and 
great-great-grandfather  of  0.  E.  De  Wolfe, 
was  born  in  Say  Brook,  Connecticut,  in 

1720,  graduated  A.M.  in  1743,  at  Yale  Col- 
lege, New  Haven,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law.  He  had  previously  "  owned 
the  covenant,"  or  joined  the  Congregational 
church,  7th  June,  1741.     He  married,  first, 
about  1748,   Lydia  Kirtland,  daughter  of 
John  Kirtland.    His  second  wife  was  Lydia 
Beldon,  born  at  Say  Brook,  October  28th, 

1721.  Their  children  were  Lucilla,  Edward, 
born  1752;  Loran,  born  7th  April,   1754; 
Elisha,  born  5th  May,  1756,   and.  Nathan. 
Nathan,  senr.,  came  to  Horton,  Kings  coun- 
ty, Nova  Scotia,  in  1760.     He  was  a  suc- 
cessful farmer.     The  Nova  Scotian  census 
returns  of  1770  give  a  detailed  account  of 
his  farm  produce  and  stock.     His  residence 
was  on  the  east  side  of  the  main  post  road, 
opposite  to  the  present  Baptist  church,  in 
Wolfville  (1887).     His  legal  practice  did 
not  interfere  with  his  agricultural  pursuits. 
He  was  for  many  years  senior  justice  of  the 
peace  for  Kings  county.     He  was  also  re- 
gistrar of  probate,  and  took  an  active  part 
in  public  affairs.     He  died  at  Horton  on  the 
21st  of  March,  1789,  aged  sixty -nine  years. 
Charles  Edgar  De  Wolfe,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  after  receiving  the  usual  course  of 
education,  entered  upon  the  study  of  law 
in  the  office  of  the  solicitor  of  the  citv  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


399 


Sir  Charles)  Tupper,  Sir  William  being  at 
that  time  leader  of  the  Liberals,  or  opposi- 
tion, and  Dr.  Tupper  that  of  the  Conserva- 
tives, or  government  party.  Cumberland 
returned  both  these  gentlemen  to  the  Le- 
gislature, there  being  three  members,  Sir 
William,  however,  taking  the  lead.  Shortly 
after  getting  into  parliament  Sir  William 
showed  his  boldness  of  spirit  and  manly 
independence  by  entering  his  protest  against 
the  unjust  coal  mining  monopoly  then  in 
existence,  which  had  been  granted  by  the 
Crown  to  the  creditors  of  the  late  Duke  of 
York,  a  monopoly  which  he  and  his  brother 
George  were  largely  instrumental  in  having 
removed  at  a  later  date.  In  1838,  during 
the  closing  scenes  of  the  Canadian  rebellion 
of  that  time,  he  was  appointed  as  a  dele- 
gate, with  others,  to  meet  Lord  Durham, 
and  discuss  the  numerous  grievances  of 
which  the  French  population  complained. 
The  grievances  of  his  own  province  he  ex- 
posed in  a  letter  of  vigorous  remonstrance, 
which  Lord  Durham  afterwards  annexed  to 
his  celebrated  report.  His  associates  on 
this  memorable  occasion  were  Mather  B. 
Almon,  J.  W.  Johnson  and  Jas.  B.  Uniacke, 
and  sad  to  say  the  last  of  these  delegates 
in  the  person  of  Sir  William  Young  has  now 
passed  away.  They  met  Lord  Durham  in 
Quebec,  and  in  the  several  interviews  with 
his  lordship  and  his  suite,  and  representa- 
tives from  the  several  other  provinces,  they 
laid  the  foundations  of  the  confederacy 
which  in  July,  1867,  was  perfected.  In 
1839  Sir  William  Young  and  Herbert  Hunt- 
ington  were  sent  to  Britain  to  impress  upon 
the  home  government  the  removal  of  griev- 
ances existing  in  Nova  Scotia,  such  a  dele- 
gation having  been  found  necessary,  Lord 
Durham  having  thrown  up  his  office,  and 
returned  to  England  in  disgust.  These 
delegates  showed  a  considerable  amount  of 
tact  and  diplomatic  skill,  and  their  mission 
advanced  the  interests  of  the  people  in 
many  ways.  Their  report,  which  shortly 
after  their  return  was  published,  covered  a 
wide  field,  and  exhibited  an  active  corres- 
pondence with  the  several  departments  of 
the  Imperial  government,  from  which  valu- 
able concessions  were  obtained.  During  the 
long  period  Sir  William  served  in  parlia- 
ment he  was  a  prominent  figure  in  that 
body,  acting  either  as  chairman  or  leading 
member  on  almost  every  important  commit- 
tee. He  became  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council  in  1842.  In  1843  he  was  elected 


speaker  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  and 
occupied  this  office  for  eleven  consecutive 
years.  In  1854  he  became  leader  of  the 
government  as  well  as  attorney -general;  and 
leader  of  the  opposition  in  1857,  a  change 
of  government  having  taken  place.  In 

1859  he  was  chosen  president  of  the  Exe- 
cutive Council.     For   all  this  period,  even 
when  in  the  speaker's  chair,  the  impress  of 
his  strong  mind  was  visible  in  almost  every 
important  measure,  as  the  journals  of  the 
house   amply    testify,    from    the   time   he 
first  attacked  the  coal  mine  monopoly  of 
the  creditors  of  the  Duke  of  York,  to  the 
time  of   his  retirement  from  the  arena  of 
politics.     In  1851   he  was  associated  with 
Messrs.  Eitchie  and  McCully,  both  of  whom 
afterwards  were,  like  himself,  made  judges, 
in  revising  the  statutes  of  Nova  Scotia ;  and 
on  the  floor  of  the  house  he  was  the  recog- 
nized spokesman  of  the  agriculturists  of  the 
province,  "  a  legacy,"  which  he  often  jok- 
ingly remarked,  "  had   possibly  descended 
to  him  from  his  father,  the  famous  '  Agri- 
cola,'  "  a  then  popular  writer  on  agricul- 
ture both  as  a  science  and  as  an  art.     In 

1860  he  retired  from  political  life,  and  was 
appointed  chief  justice  of  Nova  Scotia,  and 
this  offce  he  resigned  in  1881  on  account  of 
age.     When  appointed  to  the  chief  justice- 
ship he  brought   to   the  discharge  of  his 
high  duties  a  clear  intellect,  a  sound  under- 
standing of  law,  and  a  well-trained  judicial 
mind,  and  during  the  time  he  sat  on  the 
bench  he  attended  to  its  duties  faithfully. 
His  quick  apprehension  of  points  of  both 
law  and  practice,  his  searching  insight  into 
all  matters  of  a  difficult  or  abstract  charac- 
ter, made  him  distinguished  as  a  judge  and 
respected  by  the  bar.     In  1876  Sir  William 
started  on  a  six  months'  tour  in  Europe, 
and,  just  before  he  left,  the  bar  of  Nova 
Scotia,  and  the  mayor  and  corporation  of 
Halifax  presented  him  with  addresses,  which 
bore  feeling  testimony  to  his  eminent  ser- 
vices in  the  legislative  halls,  on  the  bench, 
and  as  a  citizen  in  all  the  various  spheres 
of  life.     To   these   addresses   he  made  an 
off-hand  and  very  happy  response,  showing 
the  cordiality  of  his  disposition  and  warmth 
of  heart,  as  well  as  his  readiness  and  ability 
as  a  speaker.     In  1868  he  received  the  honor 
of    knighthood    from   her   Majesty  Queen 
Victoria;  and  in  1881  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Dalhousie  College. 
Sir  William  Young  was  married,  in  1830, 
to  Anne,  daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  Michael 


400 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Tobin,  M.L.C.  She  died  at  Halifax  on  the 
12th  January,  1883,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
nine  years.  Few  ladies  in  Halifax  were 
more  generally  known  or  more  sincerely  res- 
pected than  Lady  Young.  She  was  a  life- 
long contributor  to  all  public  charities  of 
the  city,  and  in  her  more  active  years  was 
prominently  connected  with  every  benevo- 
lent undertaking.  Sir  William  Young  was 
possessed  of  considerable  means  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  and  by  his  will  he  left  his  pos- 
sessions to  various  educational,  charitable, 
and  other  institutes  in  the  city  in  which  he 
had  lived  and  been  so  benevolent  and  pub- 
lic spirited  a  citizen  for  the  greater  part  of 
a  century. 

Cannon,  Lawrence  Ambro§e, 
Quebec,  Advocate,  and  Clerk  of  the  Corpor- 
ation of  Quebec  city,  was  born  at  Quebec  on 
the  20th  March,  1814.  His  father,  John  Can- 
non, architect,  was  of  Irish  parentage,  ,and 
his  mother,  Angele  Griault  dite  Lariviere, 
was  of  French  descent.  Mr.  Cannon,  senr., 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Assembly 
of  Lower  Canada  from  1824  to  1830,  and 
represented  the  county  of  Hampshire,  then 
comprising  the  present  counties  of  Portneuf 
and  Champlain.  He  was  an  Independent 
in  politics,  and  though  not  unfriendly  to 
the  powers  that  then  ruled,  was  much  at- 
tached to  the  principles  of  the  French  Can- 
adian party  in  the  Assembly.  He  was  a 
strenuous  supporter  of  the  Autonomists, 
who,  at  the  time  of  the  first  proposed  union 
of  Lower  and  Upper  Canada,  exerted  them- 
selves so  strongly  that  they  succeeded  in 
defeating  the  measure.  Mr.  Cannon  was 
also  above  all  an  Irishman,  and  although 
living  in  Canada,  he  deeply  sympathized 
with  every  movement  calculated  to  advance 
the  prosperity  of  the  land  of  his  birth. 
He,  too,  helped  his  fellow-countrymen  in 
the  land  of  his  adoption,  and  contributed 
largely  by  his  exertions  and  means  to  have 
erected  in  Quebec  St.  Patrick's  Church, 
which  stands  to-day  as  a  monument  to  the 
religious  ardor  and  generosity  of  the  Irish 
race  in  the  ancient  capital.  He  was  twice 
married  ;  first  to  Angele  Griault  dite  Lari- 
viere; and  the  second  time,  in  1826,  to  widow 
Bosslewin,  nee  Archange  Baby.  Lawrence 
Ambrose  Cannon,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
was  educated  first  in  private  English 
schools,  and  afterwards  in  the  Quebec 
Seminary,  where  he 'prosecuted  and  termin- 
ated his  classical  course  of  studies  in  1833. 
He  entered  as  a  law  student  the  office  of 


Hon.  C.  B.  Ogden,  then  attorney- general  of 
Lower  Canada;  and  in  1836,  that  of  Stuart 
and  Black.  When  he  had  completed  his 
legal  studies  in  1838,  he  was  called  to  the 
bar,  and  continued  to  practise  his  profes- 
sion until  May,  1864.  On  the  resignation 
of  F.  X.  Garneau,  the  Canadian  histor- 
ian, the  city  clerk  of  Quebec,  through  ill- 
health,  Mr.  Cannon  was  elected  to  fill  this 
important  position,  and  he  has  done  it 
faithfully  ever  since.  Some  time  after  his 
appointment,  the  charter  of  the  city  was 
materially  amended,  thus  considerably  in- 
creasing his  duties.  Among  other  import- 
ant changes,  he  was  charged  with  the  pre- 
paring of  the  lists  of  the  parliamentary 
electors,  and  also  of  the  persons  qualified 
to  be  called  upon  to  act  as  grand  and  petit 
jurors.  And  by  the  Act  33  Viet.,  chap.  46r 
the  sole  management  of  the  municipal  elec- 
tions was  conferred  upon  him.  He  married 
in  1845,  Mary  Jane  Gary,  daughter  of  the 
late  Thomas  Gary,  then  proprietor  and 
publisher  of  the  Quebec  Mercury,  and  of 
Marie  Anne  Dorion.  He  has  three  surviv- 
ing children;  one  son, Lawrence  John  Can- 
non, a  practising  barrister  in  Arthabaska- 
ville,  and  two  daughters. 

Torrance,  llavid,  Montreal. — Mr. 
Torrance,  during  his  lifetime  one  of  Mont- 
real's most  successful  and  distinguished  mer- 
chants, was  of  Scotch  parentage.  He  was 
born  in  New  York  in  1805,  and  died  in  Mont- 
real Jan.  29th,  1876.  When  yet  a  boy  he 
came  to  Kingston,  Upper  Canada  (now  On- 
tario), with  his  father,  James  Torrance,  who 
was  then  extensively  engaged  in  business  in 
that  town.  In  1821  he  removed  to  Mont 
real,  and  became  a  clerk  with  his  uncle,  the 
late  John  Torrance,  who  kept  a  place  of 
business  at  the  corner  of  St.  Paul  and  St. 
Nicholas  streets.  By  his  close  attention  to 
his  duties,  and  aptitude  to  the  work,  he 
rapidly  rose  in  his  employer's  estimation, 
which  ended  in  his  being  taken  into  part- 
nership in  1833.  During  his  clerkship  the 
late  Bev.  Dr.  Wilkes,  and  the  late  Hon.  John 
Young  were  engaged  in  the  same  estab- 
lishment. With  the  view  of  extending  the 
business  of  the  concern,  in  1835  Mr.  Tor- 
rance entered  into  partnership  with  Mr. 
Young,  of  Quebec,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Torrance  &  Young ;  and  on  the  retirement 
of  the  late  John  Torrance,  the  senior  mem- 
ber, the  firm's  name  was  changed  to  that  of 
D.  Torrance  &  Co.,  which  continued  to  the 
date  of  his  demise,  his  partners  being  for 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


401 


many  years  Thomas  Cramp,  and  his  son 
John  Torrance.  In  1826  the  old  firm  pur- 
chased a  tug  and  passenger  boat,  the  Her- 
cules, from  John  Handy  side  &  Co.,  and 
placed  it  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Brush,  who  afterwards  became  the  proprie- 
tor of  the  Eagle  Foundry,  Montreal.  This 
was  the  first  step  towards  the  establishment 
of  an  opposition  line  to  the  Molsons'  steam- 
boats, then  plying  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  and 
its  stock  was  eventually  merged  in  that  of 
the  Richelieu  Steamboat  Company  (now  the 
Richelieu  and  Ontario  Navigation  Company). 
Mr.  Torrance  was  early  alive  to  the  great 
future  in  store  for  Montreal,  and  was  the 
first  to  launch  out  into  direct  trade  with  the 
East  Indies  and  China,  and  for  over  thirty 
years  the  name  of  his  firm  has  been  well 
known  in  the  great  eastern  centres  of  com- 
merce. As  a  business  man  he  was  remark- 
able for  great  force  of  character  and  deter- 
mination. This,  combined  with  unflinching 
industry  and  regular  habits,  made  the  im- 
mense business  of  the  firm  move  ahead  with 
precision.  An  old  friend  of  his  once  said 
of  him,  "  He  was  a  model  man  in  regard  to 
his  business  and  social  habits,  and  in  the 
days  of  his  prosperity  was  as  regular  in  his 
attendance  at  the  counting  house  as  when 
he  first  started  in  business.  His  ambition 
was  great,  but  tempered  with  prudence,  and 
though  he  engaged  in  commercial  ventures 
in  other  cities  than  Montreal,  yet  was  uni- 
formly successful."  Besides  his  promotion 
of  commerce  and  navigation,  he  likewise 
proved  himself  a  stay  to  our  banking  sys- 
tem, and  after  holding  office  for  a  long  time 
as  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Bank  of 
Montreal,  he  was  in  1873  elected  president, 
which  responsible  position  he  held  at  the 
time  of  his  death.  His  firm  was  also  one 
of  the  originators  of  the  Dominion  Steam- 
ship Company.  While  largely  engaged  in 
ocean  commerce,  his  capital  and  resources 
were  also  devoted  to  the  carrying  on  of  our 
inland  forwarding  trade,  h  e  was  a  diligent 
merchant,  and  did  not  meddle  much  in  pub- 
lic affairs,  though  he  was  a  consistent  Lib- 
eral in  politics  throughout.  To  all  benevo- 
lent and  charitable  schemes  he  was  a  fre- 
quent and  liberal  giver.  He  was  always 
ready  to  aid  the  distressed  and  bring  joy  to 
those  in  want,  and  the  main  feature  in  this 
regard  was  the  unostentatious  way  in  which 
he  helped  those  in  need.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  St.  James  Street  Methodist  Church, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  one  of  its 


trustees.  He  was,  in  fact,  the  thorough 
type  of  a  merchant  prince,  a  representative 
of  a  class  which,  unfortunately,  is  far  too 
small  in  these  latter  days.  He  was  married 
to  his  cousin,  the  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
John  Torrance.  He  was  in  feeble  health 
for  some  years  previous  to  his  death,  and 
had  only  a  few  months  before  to  forego 
active  business,  and  when  death  at  last  came 
he  passed  away  quietly,  surrounded  by  his 
sorrowing  family. 

Skinner,  Hon.  Charles  ST.,  Q.  C., 
St.  John,  ex- Judge  of  Probate  for  the  county 
of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  in  St. 
John  on  the  12th  March,  1833.  His  father, 
Samuel  Skinner,  was  a  contractor  and 
builder,  and  was  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia. 
H  is  mother,  Phoebe  Sherwood,  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  Robert  Golding,  whose  grandfather, 
Captain  Golding,  commanded'a  company  of 
loyal  dragoons  during  the  American  revo- 
lutionary* war.  Both  the  Skinner  and  Gold- 
ing families  were  loyalists  and  emigrated 
from  the  New  England  states — Mr.  Skinner, 
the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
a  short  time  before  the  outbreak  of  the  revo- 
lution, and  Mr.  Golding  after  the  war — and 
settled  in  the  Maritime  provinces.  Charles 
N.  Skinner  received  his  education  in  the 
common  and  grammar  schools  of  St.  John. 
He  studied  la^v  under  Charles  W.  Stockton, 
of  that  city  ;  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1858,  and  called  to  the  bar  in  1860,  Since 
then  he  has  successfully  practised  his  pro- 
fession in  his  native  city.  He  is  a  well-read 
lawyer,  a  fluent,  clear,  and  logical  speaker, 
and  seldom  fails  to  present  his  case  in  the 
best  possible  light  before  a  jury.  His  mind, 
too,  is  of  a  judicial  cast  ;  he  is  candid, 
honest,  and  impartial,  and  is  admirably 
fitted  by  nature  for  the  position  he  holds. 
When  only  about  twenty-eight  years  of  age 
he  entered  the  field  of  politics,  and  was 
elected  to  represent  St.  John  in  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  of  New  Brunswick  in  1861. 
After  being  in  the  house  three  years,  the 
party  with  whom  he  was  allied  was  defeated 
on  the  question  of  confederation.  In  1866 
he  again  appealed  to  his  constituents,  and 
was  elected.  During  August  of  next  year 
he  was  appointed  solicitor- general  in  the  A. 
R.  Wetmore  administration,  and  this  office 
he  held  until  March,  1868,  when  he  retired 
from  political  life,  having  been  made  a  judge 
of  probate.  He  was  also  created  a  Queen's 
counsel  that  year  by  the  Provincial  govern- 
ment, and  by  the  Dominion  government  in 


402 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


1873.  He  was  elected  to  the  Dominion 
parliament  to  represent  the  city  and  county 
of  St.  John  at  the  general  election  in  1887, 
having  previously  resigned  the  office  of 
Judge  of  Probate.  He  still  practises  at  the 
bar  of  St.  John,  and  stands  high  among  his 
confreres.  For  some  years  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  St.  John  city  council,  and  took  an 
active  interest  in  all  matters  brought  for- 
ward for  the  benefit  of  the  citizens.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  brotherhood  of  Oddfel- 
lows. He  belongs  to  the  Baptist  denomin- 
ation, and  is  considered  a  man  of  unblem- 
ished character  and  liberal  impulses.  On 
the  12th  January,  1865,  he  was  married  to 
Eliza  Jane,  daughter  of  Daniel  J.  Mc- 
Laughlan  (then  president  of  the  Commer- 
cial Bank  of  N.B.),  of  St.  John,  and  the 
fruit  of  this  union  has  been  a  family  of 
eight  children. 

Fen  wick,  George  Edgewortli, 
M.D.,  O.M.,  Montreal,  was  born  in  the  city 
of  Quebec,  on  the  8th  October,  1825.  His 
father,  Joseph  Fenwick,  in  early  life  entered 
the  East  India  Company's  service,  and  sub- 
sequently, in  command  of  his  own  ship, 
traded  between  London  and  the  port  of 
Montreal.  He  was  from  Morpeth,  North- 
umberland, England.  His  mother,  Marga- 
ret Elizabeth  Greig,  was  a  native  of  Que- 
bec, of  Scotch  descent.  His  grandfather 
belonged  to  the  landed  gentry  of  North- 
umberland. Dr.  Fenwick  received  his  edu- 
cation under  the  Eev.  Mr.  Kamsay,  a  cler- 
fyman  of  the  Church  of  England;  and  in 
une,  1841,  began  the  study  of  medicine 
and  surgery  in  the  Marine  and  Emigrant 
Hospital  in  his  native  city.  His  brother, 
Dr.  A.  G.  Fenwick,  was  at  that  time  house- 
surgeon  to  that  institution,  and  he  acted 
under  him  as  house  apothecary.  He  re- 
mained in  this  position  until  November, 
1842,  when  he  entered  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  McGill  College,  in  Montreal.  He 
successfully  passed  his  examination  in  May, 
1846,  but  not  being  of  age  did  not  receive 
his  diploma  until  January,  1847,  when  a 
special  convention  of  the  University  was 
called  for  the  purpose  of  conferring  upon 
him  the  degree  of  doctor  in  medicine  and 
master  in  surgery.  In  May  following,  Dr. 
Fenwick  was  appointed  house-surgeon  and 
apothecary  to  the  Montreal  General  Hospi- 
tal which  office  he  filled  until  December, 
1848,  when  he  commenced  general  practice 
in  Montreal.  In  1849  he  aided,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Dr.  Howard,  the  late  Dr.  G.  D. 


Gibb  (afterwards  Sir  G.  D.  Gibb,  baronet, 
M.D.,  of  London,  England),  and  the  late 
Drs.  Pelletier,  Boyer  and  Jones,  in  estab- 
lishing the  Montreal  Dispensary,  and  was 
one  of  the  attending  staff  of  that  institution 
until  November,  1864,  when,  on  the  death 
of  Dr.  Thomas  Walter  Jones,  he  received 
the  appointment  of  attending  surgeon  of 
the  Montreal  General  Hospital.  In  1867  he 
was  appointed  professor  of  clinical  surgery 
in  McGill  University,  and  held  this  position 
until  1876,  when,  on  the  resignation  of  the 
late  Dr.  George  W.  Campbell,  he  was  ap- 
pointed professor  of  surgery,  which  chair 
he  has  filled  to  this  time.  As  a  teacher  Dr. 
Fenwick  has  had  long  experience  in  the 
teaching  of  surgery.  For  many  years  pro- 
fessor of  clinical  surgery,  his  lectures  were 
all  delivered  in  the  General  Hospital,  and 
every  student  who  had  the  privilege  of  visit- 
ing the  wards  during  his  term  of  service, 
knows  well  the  keen  interest  he  took  in 
everything  concerning  the  cases  in  hand. 
Careful  and  painstaking  himself,  he  firmly 
exacted  from  his  assistants,  house  officers 
and  dressers,  a  like  degree  of  attention  and 
carefulness  in  little  things.  After  his  pro- 
motion to  the  chair  of  surgery  his  lectures 
were  of  a  more  didactic  nature,  but  to  them 
he  brought  the  same  spirit  of  earnest  devo- 
tion to  the  cause  of  science,  the  same  grasp 
of  subject  leading  to  the  formation  of  opin- 
ions strongly  held,  the  same  care  for  the 
important  minutiae,  and  the  same  genial 
and  impressive  manner  which  characterized 
his  early  teachings  in  the  wards.  In  1864 
Dr.  Fenwick,  with  his  colleague,  Dr.  F.  W. 
Campbell,  established  the  Canada  Medi- 
cal Journal,  which  he  continued  to  edit 
until  1879,  when  he  relinquished  the  editor- 
ial chair.  As  a  medical  writer  he  is  proba- 
bly as  well  known  as  any  in  Canada.  His 
articles  upon  surgical  subjects  are  all  terse 
and  logical,  and  carry  the  impress  of  a 
vigorous  and  thoughtful  mind.  His  most 
important  papers  are  those  upon  lithotomy, 
of  which  operation  he  has  probably  had  a 
larger  experience  than  any  other  living 
surgeon  in  the  Dominion.  On  excision  of 
bronchocele,  his  bold  operations  have  com- 
manded the  most  wide- spread  attention,  and 
on  excision  of  the  knee-joint  and  other 
major  operations  he  has  been  remarkably 
successful.  He  holds  the  degree  of  M.D., 
C.M.  from  his  first  university,  and  has  never 
sought  medical  honors  from  any  institution 
abroad;  nevertheless,  he  has  been  consi- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


403 


dered  worthy  of  them.  He  has  been  elected 
honorary  member  of  the  New  Brunswick 
Medical  Society ;  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
Nova  Scotia,  and  of  the  Gynaecological  So- 
citey  of  Boston.  For  many  years  Dr.  Fen- 
wick  represented  the  profession  of  Montreal 
as  one  of  the  governors  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Quebec  pro- 
vince. He  has  served  as  president  of  the 
Medico -Chirurgical  Society  of  Montreal; 
and  was,  at  the  meeting  of  the  Canada 
Medical  Associaciation,  held  at  Ottawa  in 
1880,  elected  vice  president  of  that  body  for 
Quebec  province,  and  in  1882  was  elected 
president  of  the  association.  Dr.  Fenwick 
is  an  adherent  of  the  Episcopal  church;  and 
in  polities  a  Conservative.  In  1852  he  was 
married  to  Eliza  Charlotte,  daughter  of  the 
late  Colonel  de  Hertel,  of  St.  Andrews,  Ar- 
genteuil.  The  fruit  of  this  union  has  been 
seven  children,  only  three  of  whom  survive. 
Adam*,  Rev.  Tlioma§,  M.A.,  Cam- 
bridge, D.C.L.,  Lennoxville,  was  born  at 
Paramatta,  New  South  Wales,  on  Septem- 
ber 14,  1847.  His  father,  the  Eev.  Thomas 
Adams,  was  a  member  of  a  family  in  Corn- 
wall, England,  of  which  the  eldest  brother 
is  J.  C.  Adams,  F.K.S.,  the  celebrated  dis- 
coverer of  the  planet  Neptune,  who,  on  the 
retirement  of  Sir  G.  B.  Airy,  declined  the 
position  of  Astronomer  Royal  of  Great  Bri- 
tain, and  is  still  director  of  the  Cambridge 
"University.  Another  brother  (W.  G.  Adams, 
F.R.S. ),  is  a  leading  authority  on  electricity 
and  natural  philosophy,  and  occupies  the 
professorial  chair  in  King's  College,  Lon- 
don, once  held  by  Wheatstone,  and  after- 
wards by  Clerk  Maxwell.  The  father  of 
Principal  Adams  became  a  missionary  in  the 
Friendly  Islands  (South  Pacific),  and  it 
was  in  Australia,  on  the  way  to  that  mission, 
that  Dr.  Adams  was  born.  Thomas  Adams, 
sen.,  is  chiefly  noted  for  having  been  the 
translator  of  a  great  portion  of  the  Bible 
into  Tonguese,  and  for  having  been  the 
first  who  issued  a  complete  edition  of  the 
Sacred  Book  in  that  language.  His  mother 
was  Maria  French,  of  Taunton,  Somerset. 
She  accompanied  his  father  into  the  mission 
field,  and  gave  her  life  to  the  work.  She 
died  in  Vavau  in  February,  1860.  Profes- 
sor Adams  was  educated  first  at  Taunton, 
Somerset,  at  a  large  proprietary  school,  un- 
der T.  Sibly,  B. A. ;  next  at  University  Col- 
lege, London,  under  the  late  Professor  de 
Morgan,  in  mathematics,  and  Professor  J. 
H.  Seeley,  in  classics.  In  November,  1867, 


he  joined  the  geological  survey  of  England, 
under  Sir  A.  C.  Ramsay,  but  resigned  in 
April,  1869,  owing  to  a  severe  sprain.  In 
October,  1869,  he  entered  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge,  and  in  January,  1873,  graduat- 
ed as  19th  wrangler  in  a  first  class  of  thirty- 
seven.  After  acting  temporarily  as  profes- 
sor of  mathematics  in  the  Royal  Agricul- 
tural College,  Cirencester,  he  was  appointed 
mathematical  and  science  master  in  the 
Royal  Grammar  School,  Lancaster,  and  in 
August,  1874,  he  became  senior  mathemati- 
cal master  in  the  Royal  School  of  St.  Peter's, 
York.  He  was  ordained  deacon  in  1874, 
and  priest  in  1376,  by  the  present  arch- 
bishop of  York.  In  1881,  on  the  occasion 
of  the  jubilee  meeting  of  the  British  Asso- 
ciation in  York,  in  conjunction  with  Dr.  T. 
Anderson,  he  became  local  secretary.  In 
December,  1882,  he  was  elected,  out  of  fifty- 
seven  competitors,  as  the  first  head  master 
of  the  High  School  for  boys,  Gateshead-on- 
Tyne,  and  left  there  a  school  of  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  boys  to  accept  the  position 
he  now  holds  of  principal  of  the  University 
of  Bishop's  College,  and  rector  of  the  Col- 
lege School,  Lennoxville,  province  of  Que- 
bec. He  has  held  this  position  since  Au- 
gust, 1885,  and  succeeded  Dr.  Lobley  in 
both  offices.  In  July,  1878,  he  was  married 
to  Annie  Stanley,  'youngest  daughter  of 
the  late  T.  Barnes,  of  London,  England. 

Turnbull,  Lieut-Colonel  Jaine§ 
Ferdinand,  Commandant  of  the  Royal 
School  of  Cavalry,  Quebec  city,  was  born  in 
London,  England,  on  the  19th  July,  1835, 
and  baptized  at  Westerham,  in  Kent,  in  the 
same  font  that  had  done  duty  to  the  ever 
immortal  General  Wolfe.  He  is  the  eldest 
son  of  the  late  James  Turnbull,  by  his  sec- 
ond marriage  with  Caroline  Oldaker,  and 
came  to  Canada  when  only  one  year  old 
with  his  parents,  who  settled  in  Quebec.  In 
1841  he  was  sent  to  St.  Andrew's  Church 
school,  under  a  worthy  good  master,  Wil- 
liam Bain,  leaving  next  year  to  join  the 
school  of  that  excellent  teacher  and  mission- 
ary, the  Rev.  Mr.  Handsell,  and  from  there 
went  to  the  High  School  on  its  formation 
in  1845,  where  he  received  his  education 
until  May,  1850,  when  he  left  school  for 
good  and  entered  the  office  as  junior  clerk 
of  the  mercantile  firm  of  P.  Langlois  &  Co., 
on  St.  Andrew's  wharf.  In  1855,  upon  the 
formation  of  the  volunteer  militia  corps,  he 
joined  as  a  private,  together  with  a  number 
of  th  e  ung  men  of  Quebec,  the  troop  of 


404 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


cavalry  that  was  enrolled  that  autumn,  and 
his  love  for  horses  and  riding  had  an  op- 
portunity to  display  itself.  In  1860,  at  a 
general  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  Quebec, 
called  at  the  Merchants'  Exchange,  by  his 
Worship  the  Mayor,  Hector  Langevin,  to 
form  a  committee  for  the  reception  of  H.R. 
H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,  Mr.  Turnbull  was 
unanimously  called  upon  to  act  as  honor- 
ary secretary  to  the  said  committee,  and  per- 
formed his  arduous  duties  to  the  entire  satis- 
faction of  the  whole  community,  receiving 
a  very  complimentary  vote  of  thanks.  In 
1861  he  received  a  commission  as  cornet  in 
No.  2  troop  Quebec  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and 
upon  the  disbanding  of  this  troop  in  1862, 
was  promoted  to  be  lieutenant  in  No.  3  troop, 
which  subsequently  replaced  No.  2,  and  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  gazetted  captain 
on  May  20th,  1864,  and  visited  the  Ameri- 
can cavalry  and  their  remount  depots  dur- 
ing their  civil  war.  In  1865  he  proceeded 
to  the  Cavalry  Depot,  Canterbury,  for  a 
course  of  instruction,  at  the  suggestion  of 
Colonel  MacDougall,  adjutant- general,  who 
saw  the  necessity  of  establishing  a  school 
of  cavalry  in  Canada;  and  upon  the  news 
of  a  probable  Fenian  raid,  returned  by  way 
of  New  York  in  March,  1866,  acting  both 
there  and  on  the  frontier  as  intelligence 
officer  to  the  adjutant- general  then  in  Mon- 
treal; subsequently  coming  on  to  Quebec 
and  assuming  charge  of  the  Quebec  cavalry. 
In  1867  Captain  Turnbull  went  to  France, 
at  the  suggestion  of  Sir  George  Cartier,  to 
study  the  French  cavalry  drill,  and  through 
the  British  ambassador  in  Paris,  Lord  Ly- 
ons, received  the  necessary  permission  to 
visit  the  regiment  at  St.  Germain,  "Les 
Dragons  de  1'Imperatrice."  In  1869  he 
received  the  brevet  rank  of  major.  In  1872 
he  went  with  official  letters  from  the  Gov- 
ernor-General to  England  for  cavalry  in- 
struction, and  was  attached  to  the  7th 
Hussars  at  Aldershot,  returning  again  in 
time  ior  the  annual  dull  in  camp  at  Levis 
the  next  summer.  In  1874  he  received 
the  brevet  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  In 
1875  he  again  proceeded  to  England  for 
cavalry  instruction,  and  was  put  on  the 
cavalry  staff  at  Aldershot  during  the  au- 
tumn manoeuvres,  subsequently  proceeding 
to  Italy  for  the  winter,  and  while  in  Eome 
had  the  privilege  of  a  private  presentation 
to  His  Holiness  Pius  IX.,  by  Monsignor 
Stonor.  Colonel  Turnbull  returned  to 
Canada  for  the  drill  season  of  1876,  but 


shortly  afterwards  started  again  for  an 
extended  European  tour,  and  while  in  Paris 
in  the  month  of  April,  1878,  received  an 
offer  from  the  War  Office,  in  the  probable 
event  of  war  with  Russia,  to  raise  a  regi- 
ment of  cavalry  in  Canada  for  service  in 
the  East,  and  spent  some  weeks  in  com- 
munication with  the  War  office  authorities- 
and  H.  E.  H.  the  Duke  of  Cambridge,  to 
whom  he  was  presented  by  Sir  Patrick 
MacDougall,  as  the  best  Canadian  officer 
that  he  knew  of  to  undertake  the  task, — 
rendered,  however,  unnecessary  by  the  cele- 
brated conference  at  Berlin,  when  "peace 
with  honour "  was  concluded.  In  1879" 
Sir  Patrick  MacDougall  cabled  from  Hali- 
fax that  Lieut. -Colonel  Turnbull  was  ready 
to  raise  a  regiment  of  cavalry  for  service- 
in  South  Africa  if  permission  were  granted 
him  by  the  Canadian  authorities,  the  White- 
hall " Review"  of  the  27th  March,  1879, 
remarking  upon  the  offer  as  follows  :  — 
"  The  Government  has  found  it  necessary 
to  decline  the  offer  made  by  Lieut. -Col. 
Turnbull  to  raise  a  regiment  in  Canada 
for  service  at  the  Cape,  but  it  has  signi- 
fied its  appreciation  of  the  very  laudable 
spirit  in  which  the  offer  has  been  made. 
Colonel  Turnbull  was  lately  residing  tem- 
porarily in  England,  and  made  the  ac- 
quaintance of  many  officers  of  our  army. 
He  is  spoken  of  as  an  officer  of  consider- 
able military  ability,  and  this  is  not  the 
first  occasion  on  which  he  has  given  con- 
vincing proof  of  his  loyalty  and  anxiety  to 
serve  the  interests  of  the  British  Crown." 
In  1883  the  dominion  government  having 
in  view  the  establishment  of  a  cavalry 
school  of  instruction,  Colonel  Turnbull,  to- 
gether with  three  other  commandants  of 
infantry  schools,  was  sent  to  Aldershot, 
where  he  was  attached  for  three  months  to< 
the  15th  Hussars,  and  on  the  21st  December, 
1883,  his  official  appointment  as  command- 
ant of  the  cavalry  school  corps  appeared  in 
the  "  Gazette."  On  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Kiel  rebellion  he  was  ordered  with  his  corps 
to  the  North- West  and  stationed  by  General 
Middleton  in  the  Touchwood  Hills,  where  so 
much  depended  upon  the  several  reserves  of 
Indians  in  that  district  being  prevented  from 
going  on  the  war-path  and  joining  the  rebels 
at  Batoche.  The  tact  and  firmness  displayed 
in  dealing  with  these  bands,  had  a  satisfac- 
tory result;  and  in  common  with  the  rest  of 
the  expedition,  he  received  the  war  medal. 
Besides  his  military  proclivities  he  has  long 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


405 


been  an  active  promoter  of  sport  and  general 
club  life,  having  been  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittee of  the  Turf  Club,  Hunt  Club,  Curling 
Club,  Kacket  Court,  Tandem  Club,  Yacht 
Club,  Rowing  Club,  Rifle  Association,  of 
which  he  was  president  ;  Stadacona  Club, 
and  Garrison  Club,  Quebec.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  more  than  one  military  club  in 
London,  and  the  Royal  Canadian  Yacht 
Club,  Toronto.  Colonel  Turnbull  was  mar- 
ried in  June,1867,  to  Elizabeth,  third  daugh- 
ter of  James  MacKenzie,  of  Point  Levis, 
His  residence  is  "Clermont,"  St.  Louis  road, 
•Quebec. 

Paeaud,  Ernest,  Advocate  and  Jour- 
nalist, Quebec,  was  born  at  Three  Rivers, 
province  of  Quebec,  on  the  25th  August, 
1850.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  P.  N.  Pacaud, 
in  his  lifetime  notary  at  Arthabaska.  Mr. 
Pacaud  was  educated  at  Nicolet's  College, 
from  September,  1860,  to  September,  1867, 
and  was  admitted' to  the  bar  8th  July,  1872. 
He  practised  at  the  Arthabaska  bar  from 
1872  to  14th  June,  1878,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Provincial  government,  Hon. 
Mr.  Joly  at  the  time  being  premier,  the 
prothonotary  of  the  Superior  Court,  clerk 
of  the  Crown,  and  clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court 
at  Three  Rivers.  He  was,  however,  dis- 
missed for  political  reasons  in  March,  1880, 
by  the  Tory  government,  headed  by  the 
Hon.  Mr.  Chapleau.  He  established  the 
Journal  dC Arthabaska  in  September,  1877, 
in  the  interest  of  the  Liberal  party,  and 
published  it  till  June,  1878,  when  he  receiv- 
ed the  appointment  of  prothonotary  at  Three 
Rivers.  He  took  the  editorship  of  La  Con- 
corde, published  at  Three  Rivers,  April, 
1880,  but  on  the  15th  December,  1880,  left 
the  Concorde,  when  called  by  the  leaders  of 
the  Liberal  party  to  take  the  editorship  of 
UElecteur,  a  daily  morning  paper  published 
in  the  city  of  Quebec,  and  the  chief  Liberal 
organ  in  the  province.  He  is  now  the  pro- 
prietor and  chief  editor  of  VElecteur.  He 
ran  as  a  representative  for  the  local  house  in 
Drummond  and  Arthabaska  in  January, 
1874,  after  Hon.  Mr.  Laurier's  resignation 
in  the  Legislative  Assembly,  to  run  for  the 
House  of  Commons  at  Ottawa.  He  also  was 
a  candidate  for  the  House  of  Commons  in 
Bellechasse,  at  the  general  elections  of  1882, 
but  was  defeated  by  Colonel  Amyot,  then 
the  Tory  candidate.  He  is  Catholic  in 
religion,  and  a  Liberal  in  politics.  Mr. 
Pacaud  accompanied,  in  1881,  the  Hon. 
Messrs.  Blake,  Laurier,  and  Hungtindon  in 


their  political  tour  in  Nova  Scotia,  as  cor- 
respondent for  the  French  Liberal  press  of 
the  province  of  Quebec.  He  was  married 
on  the  23rd  August,  1876,  to  Marie  Louise 
Camille  Turcotte,  daughter  of  the  late  Hon. 
J.  E.  Turcotte,  who  was  a  speaker  of  the 
House  of  Commons  and  member  of  the 
government  under  the  union  of  the  two 
Canadas,  and  sister  of  the  Hon.  A.  Tur- 
cotte, Speaker  of  the  House  of  Assembly  of 
Quebec  from  1878  to  1881,  and  now  com- 
missioner of  crown  lands  in  the  Mercier 
government. 

Doucct,  Iranian  R.,  Bathurst,  Sheriff 
of  the  County  of  Gloucester,  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  at  Bathurst  on  the  25th  of 
August,  1847.  His  parents  were  Remain 
D.  Doucet  and  Marie  DeGrace.  His  father 
was  of  Acadian  descent;  and  his  grandfather 
one  of  the  first  French  settlers  after  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  Acadians  from  old  Acadia  in 
1755.  His  mother  was  of  Spanish  descent, 
her  grandfather  having  come  from  Spain 
to  America  about  the  year  1781J  when  only 
about  seventeen  years  of  age,  with  his  uncle, 
Admiral^DeGrace,  who  was  in  command  of 
a  French  fleet,  and  who  figured  conspicu- 
ously on  the  side  of  freedom  at  the  siege  of 
Yorktown,  when  the  last  successful  effort 
was  made  for  American  independence  in 
1781.  Sheriff  Doucet  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  parish,  and  succeeded 
in  securing  a  good  French  and  English  edu- 
cation. He  is  a  man  of  great  energy  of 
character,  and  through  his  own  almost  un- 
aided exertions  he  now  stands  high  among 
his  fellow  countrymen.  In  April,  1881,  he 
was  appointed  sheriff  of  his  native  county, 
being  the  second  gentleman  of  French  ori- 
gin who  has  attained  to  this  position  in  the 
province  of  New  Brunswick.  Since  his  ap- 
pointment he  has  acted  as  returning  officer 
in  all  the  local  and  federal  elections  in  Glou- 
cester county.  In  religion  he  is  an  adherent 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  He  was 
married  on  the  19th  July,  1876,  to  Margaret 
Dion,  of  Bathurst. 

Ccnest,  Laurent  Ubalde  Arclii- 
balde,  Counsellor-at-Law,  Three  Rivers, 
Province  of  Quebec,  was  born  on  the  4th 
March,  1828,  at  Gentilly,  in  the  same  pro- 
vince. His  ancestors  came  from  France, 
where  several  villages  bearing  their  name 
remain  to  this  day  as  old  landmarks  of  sev- 
eral branches  of  this  ancient  family.  One 
of  them,  Louis  Genest,  captain  of  militia, 
and  a  thriving  agriculturist,  settled  at  St, 


406 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


'Jean,  Isle  d' Orleans,  near  Quebec,  where, 
on  the  19th  January,  1777,  he  married 
Elizabeth  Amireau,  alias  Mireau,  from 
1'Acadie,  in  Nova  Scotia.  From  Louis  Ge- 
nest  and  Elizabeth  Amireau,  or  Mireau,  was 
born  on  18th  April,  1779,  Laurent  Genest, 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  L. 
Genest,  the  elder,  received  his  education  at 
Quebec,  where,  on  the  24th  March,  1808, 
he  was,  by  Royal  commission,  appointed 
a  notary  public  for  Lower  Canada.  Shortly 
afterwards  he  left  Quebec,  and  settled  in 
the  parish  of  Gentilly,  in  the  county  of 
Nicolet,  where  he  acted  as  agent  for  the 
seigniory  of  Gentilly,  and  on  behalf  of  sev- 
eral large  landowners  in  the  neighboring 
townships  of  Maddington,  Blandford,  Bui- 
strode,  Stanfold  and  Somerset.  On  29th 
October,  1810,  he  married,  at  Gentilly, 
Marie  Anne  Panneton,  daughter  of  Jean- 
Baptiste  Panneton,  a  captain  of  militia, 
and  a  prosperous  agriculturist.  On  1st 
September,  1812,  he  was  appointed  adju- 
tant of  militia  in  full  pay,  and  raised  a  bat- 
talion, from  the  Be"cancour  division,  for  the 
American  war  with  Great  Britain.  He 
marched  off  with  that  battalion  for  the  seat 
of  war  ;  but  the  battle  of  Chateauguay 
(26th  October,  1813)  having  been  won,  his 
battalion  was  recalled  home.  On  the  17th 
February,  1 815 ;  8th  March,  1816 ;  13th  Sep- 
tember, 1830;  llth  October,  1834,  and  2nd 
March,  1835,  he  was  appointed,  by  as  many 
Royal  commissions,  a  returning  officer  for 
the  election  of  members  for  the  counties  of 
Buckingham  and  Nicolet.  On  13th  Febru- 
ary, 1822,  under  the  Earl  of  Dalhousie,  he 
was  appointed  again  captain  and  adjutant  of 
militia  for  the  Be"cancour  division.  On  27th 
January,  1831,  under  Lord  Aylmer,  he  was 
appointed  again  captain  for  the  second  bat- 
talion in  the  militia  of  the  county  of  Nicolet. 
On  1 3th  April,  1839,  he  was  appointed  clerk 
of  the  Court  of  Requests  at  Gentilly,  a 
county  court  for  the  county  of  Nicolet  which 
sat  quarterly,  doing  considerable  business. 
On  7th  June,  1842,  he  was  appointed  a  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  for  the  district  of  Three 
Rivers.  On  22nd  April,  1844,  he  was  ap- 
pointed clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Gen- 
tilly, a  circuit  embracing  the  whole  county 
of  Nicolet.  On  6th  October,  1845,  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  commissioner  to  administer  official 
oaths  in  Lower  Canada.  He  was  offered  on 
several  occasions,  by  the  electors  of  the 
county  of  Nicolet,  the  nomination  as  their 
representative  in  the  House  of  Assembly,  but 


always  declined.  He  was  a  man  of  sterling 
worth,  much  loved  and  respected  on  account 
of  his  irreproachable  integrity  and  his  soci- 
able character.  His  friends  were  many  and 
most  distinguished,  especially  in  the  city 
of  Quebec,  whence  he  came.  He  died  much 
regretted  at  Gentilly,  on  the  25th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1846,  in  the  sixty-seventh  year  of 
his  age.  His  son,  L.  U.  A.  Genest,  the- 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  at  Gentilly 
on  the  4th  March,  1828.  .  He  is  a  brother 
of  the  late  Charles  B.  Genest,  advocate,  and 
an  M.P.P.  for  Three  Rivers  in  the  House  of 
Assembly  of  Quebec.  He  was  educated  at 
Nicolet  College,  under  the  rectorship  of  the 
Right  Rev.  J.  B.  A.  Ferland,  the  learned 
and  distinguished  Canadian  historian  ( 1840- 
1846).  At  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1846, 
he  succeeded  him  as  agent  for  the  seigniory 
of  Gentilly,  which  office  he  held  until  June, 
1851.  This  position  induced  him  to  make 
a  special  study  of  the  seigniorial  tenure  and 
feudal  system,  which  he  admired  very  much, 
as  having  been,  as  he  considered,  an  excel- 
lent mode  to  settle,  with  a  select  and  pros- 
perous population,  French  Lower  Canada, 
though  afterwards  he  was  compelled  to  ac- 
knowledge that  circumstances  were  chang- 
ed, and  that  many  abuses  had  taken  hold  of 
this  fine  tenure  of  lands,  which  later  justi- 
fied its  abolition.  Indeed,  his  opinion  is 
that  too  much  gratitude  cannot  be  bestowed 
on  the  memories  of  two  very  justly  regret- 
ted Canadian  statesmen,  the  Hon.  L.  T. 
Drummond  and  Sir  George  Etienne  Car- 
tier  (with  whom  he  had  the  advantage  of 
being  intimately  acquainted)  for  the  aboli- 
tion and  redemption  of  that  tenure,  which 
had  lived  its  full  time.  He  holds  that  the 
present  lord  and  tenant  system  of  Ireland, 
which,  when  established,  like  the  Canadian 
seigniorial  tenure,  must  have  been  beneficial 
to  all  parties  concerned,  should  also  now  be 
abolished  by  redemption,  just  after  the  same 
mode  which  was  followed  for  the  abolition  of 
the  feudal  tenure  of  Lower  Canada;  and  he 
affirms  that  the  British  statesman  who  would 
accomplish  this  at  the  present  time,  what- 
ever be  his  name,  would  be  the  greatest 
benefactor  of  the  British  empire  in  our  days, 
whilst  he  would  render  the  utmost  service 
to  every  lord  and  tenant  of  Ireland,  who 
would  only  be  the  happier  for  the  change, 
with  remarkable  gain  to  all,  and  an  incal- 
culable saving  of  ill-feeling,  trouble  and 
millions  of  money  to  the  mother  country. 
On  20th  May,  1850,  Mr.  Genest  was  com- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


407 


missioned  an  ensign  of  the  2nd  battalion  in 
the  militia   of  Nicolet.     In  June,  1851   he 
left  Gentilly  for  Montreal,  where  he  began 
his  regular  legal  studies,  under  Joseph  Pel- 
tier, advocate,  one  of  the  Canadian  braves 
of  1837,  and  his  then  partner,  Joseph  Papin, 
one  of  the  chieftains  of  the  Liberal  party  of 
that  period.     On  3rd  May,  1853,   he  was 
admitted  as  an  advocate  and   barrister  at 
the  bar  of  Montreal,    where  he  began   to 
practice  with  Toussaint  Peltier  and  the  Hon. 
Joseph  Bourret.     On  18th  November,  1853, 
he  was  commissioned  lieutenant  in  the  9th 
battalion  of  the   militia  of  Montreal.     In 
1855  he  was  called  to  take  part  in  the  labors 
of  the  Seigniorial  Commissioners  at  Mont- 
real, a  task  which  his  previous  studies  and 
taste  well  fitted  him  to  fulfil.      He  was  also 
appointed  to  and  filled  the  office  of  clerk 
of  the  Seigniorial  Court  of  Review,  which 
sat  at  Montreal  and  Quebec.  On  8th  March, 
1856,  he  was  appointed  clerk  of  the  peace 
for  Three  Eivers,  where  he  removed  from 
Montreal,  whilst  continuing  for  some  time 
after  to  take  part  in  the  labors  of  the  Seigni- 
orial Commission  at  Montreal  and  Quebec. 
On  18th  September,  1857,  he  was  appoint- 
ed  a   commissioner  to    administer   official 
oaths  in  Lower  Canada.     On  1st  August, 
1876,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
commission  for  the  civil  erection  of  parishes 
and  the  building  of  churches  in  the  diocese 
of  Three  Eivers,  of  which  commission  he  is 
the  president.     He  is  a  member  of  the  In- 
stitut  National,  and  of  the  Historical  So- 
ciety of  Montreal,  and  of  the  Literary  So- 
ciety of  Three  Eivers.  He  is  also  a  member 
of  the  society  for  the  re-wooding  of  the  pro- 
vince  of  Quebec.      As    a   member   of   the 
Historical  Society  of  Montreal,  he  has  con- 
tributed largely,  with  the  regretted  Sir  L. 
H.  LaFontaine,  baronet,  with  whom  he  was 
on  very  friendly  terms,  to  numerous  and 
important  researches  concerning  the  ancient 
families  who  first  settled  Canada.  He  ranks 
among  the   first  as  a  criminal   lawyer   in 
Lower  Canada,  and  his  advice  is  also  highly 
prized  in  civil  matters.  His  word  is  as  good  as 
gold,  and  he  is  held  in  very  high  esteem,  and 
enjoys  the  confidence  of  his  fellow  citizens, 
on  account  of  his  unimpeachable  integrity 
and  frankness.     Though  neutral  in  politics, 
he  is,  by  inheritance  and  education,  a  strong 
Conservative;  nevertheless  a  friend  of  all, 
.<  ithout  regard  to  party  or  creed.     He  is  an 
enthusiastic  admirer  of  the  British  consti- 
tution, and  will  cling  to  the'  Tery  last  to  his 


allegiance.  In  religion  he  is  a  Eoman  Ca- 
iholic,  holding  that  religion  is  indispensable 
in  the  governing  and  ruling  of  nations  to 
secure  their  peace,  prosperity  and  happi- 
ness, and  to  insure  the  stability  of  king- 
doms, empires  and  republics,  thereby  justi- 
'ying  the  family  motto — "  Nascor,  vivere, 
vincere  et  mori,  pro  Deo,  regin&,  patria  et 
civibus";  "  Je  nais,  pour  vivre,  vaincre  et 
mourir,  pour  mon  Dieu,  ma  reine,  mon  pays, 
mes  concitoyens."  On  21st  January,  1856, 
tie  married,  at  Montreal,  Emma  MacCallum, 
daughter  of  John  MacCallum,  of  that  city 
(formerly  a  Quebec  merchant),  by  Flavie 
Eaymond,  of  Laprairie,  a  grand-daughter  of 
James  MacCallum,  a  Quebec  merchant, 
seignior  of  the  seigniories  of  St.  James  and 
Thwaite,  in  the  district  of  Montreal,  and 
also  at  one  time  a  member  for  the  city  of 
Quebec  in  the  House  of  Assembly  of  Lower 
Canada.  Mrs.  Genest  is  a  first  cousin,  on 
her  mother's  side,  of  the  late  Hon.  Edouard 
Masson,  M.L.C.,  and  of  his  Excellency  the 
Hon.  L.  F.  E.  Masson,  member  of  the 
Queen's  Privy  Council  for  Canada,  late  lieu- 
tenant-governor of  the  province  of  Quebec. 
Mr.  Genest  resides  at  64  Eoyal  street,  Three 
Eivers,  P.Q. 

Lugrln,  Charle§  §.,  who  was  born  at 
Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,  in  1818,  and 
died  in  the  same  city  on  the  27th  April, 
1877,  was  educated  at  the  Collegiate  School 
of  his  native  place.  He  was  a  son  of  George 
K.  Lugrin,  for  many  years  Queen's  printer 
for  New  Brunswick,  and  grandson  of  Peter 
Lugrin,  who  served  as  master  of  hospital 
stores  in  the  Eoyal  army  during  the  Ameri- 
can revolutionary  war.  The  Lugrins  are 
of  Swiss  origin.  Captain  Peter  Moses  Lug- 
rin lived  at  Eomainmotier,  Switzerland,  in 
the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
and  held  important  public  positions.  He 
married  Lady  Benin^  Marguerite  Eochat, 
by  whom  he  had  issue,  Simeon,  great 
grandfather  of  Charles  S.  Lugrin.  Charles 
S.  followed  his  father's  business  of  printing, 
and  after  the  latter' s  death  took  charge 
of  the  Queen's  printer's  establishment,  un- 
der John  Simpson,  the  new  incumbent  of 
the  office,  with  whom  he  was  in  partnership 
for  some  time.  After  Mr.  Simpson's  death, 
he  began  the  publication  of  the  Colonial 
Farmer,  which  he  conducted  successfully 
for  a  number  of  years.  In  1868  he  was 
appointed  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Agri- 
culture, and  held  the  office  until  the  aboli- 
tion of  the  board  in  1875,  when  he  accepted 


408 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


1;he  office  of  secretary  of  the  school  trustees 
for  Fredericton,  which  he  held  until  his 
death  in  1877.  He  was  paymaster  in  the 
•militia  when  a  young  man.  In  his  lifetime 
he  was  an  active  member  of  the  Methodist 
-church  ;  a  leading  temperance  advocate, 
•and  for  a  term  occupied  the  position  of 
grand  worthy  patriarch  of  the  Grand  Divi- 
sion of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  of  New 
Brunswick.  As  a  writer  he  was  sharp  and 
incisive,  and  in  politics  a  Liberal.  He  was 
married  to  Martha  L.,  daughter  of  John 
and  Mary  Stevens.  The  latter  was  a  grand- 
daughter of  Colonel  Kichard  Lawrence,  of 
Staten  Island,  N.Y.,  who  served  on  the 
loyalist  side  during  the  American  revolution. 
t  hitliolm.  Peter  J.,  President  and 
Manager  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Lecture  and 
Concert  Bureau,  Truro,  Nova  Scotia,  was 
born  at  West  Biver,  Pictou  county,  N.S.,  on 
the  1st  August,  1848,  and  is  the  youngest 
of  a*  family  of  seven  sons.  Both  parents 
were  Scotch,  and  came  to  Nova  Scotia  in 
1810.  Being  poor  working  people,  they  were 
only  able  to  give  their  son  a  common  school 
education;  and  at  the  early  age  of  thirteen 
he  was  apprenticed  to  a  general  merchant. 
Here  he  remained  until  he  was  sixteen,  and 
then  started  business  on  his  own  account. 
He  visited  Halifax  and  made  his  own  pur- 
chases, and  after  a  few  years'  successful 
operations,  he  began  to  import  his  mer- 
chandise direct  from  foreign  markets,  and 
has  continued  to  do  so  ever  since.  In  1866, 
he  joined  the  Orange  association  by  becom- 
ing a  member  of  Derry  lodge,  No.  25,  Truro, 
and  is  still  a  member  of  the  same  lodge. 
He  occupied  the  position  of  worshipful 
master  three  years,  and  at  the  present  time 
is  grand  master  of  the  Grand  Orange  lodge 
of  Nova  Scotia.  In  1873  he  joined  the  In- 
dependent Order  of  Good  Templars,  and  was 
elected  chief  templar  the  same  year.  In  1878 
he  was  sent  as  a  delegate  to  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  was  nominated 
for  grand  chief  templar,  but  declined.  In 
1880  he  was  elected  one  of  the  delegates  to 
the  Bight  Worthy  Grand  Lodge  which  met 
in  New  York  city  in  1880;  also  to  Washing- 
ton in  1884;  Toronto  in  1885;  Bichmond  in 
188Q ;  and  to  Saratoga  in  1887 ;  and  at  Wash- 
ington session  was  elected  right  worthy 
grand  marshal.  In  1880,  he  was  elected 
grand  chief  templar  of  his  own  Grand 
Lodge.  He  held  the  office  for  four 
successive  years ;  but  on  being  elected 
the  fifth  time,  he  resigned,  and  was  unani- 


mously elected  grand  secretary.  This  office 
he  held  for  two  years,  declining  re-election 
at  the  last  session  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  on 
account  of  business  engagements.  When 
he  assumed  the  office  of  grand  chief  tem- 
plar in  1880,  the  Grand  Lodge  for  Nova 
Scotia  had  less  than  2,000  members,  with  a 
debt  of  over  $400  ;  but  when  he  retired 
from  the  office  the  membership  was  over 
6,000,  and  a  surplus  of  cash  on  hand.  Dur- 
ing the  four  years  he  held  the  office  of  grand 
chief  templar,  he  travelled  extensively 
through  the  province  of  Nova  Scotia  as  a 
lecturer  and  organizer,  and  was  very  suc- 
cessful. In  1886  he  received  an  appoint- 
ment as  deputy  right  worthy  grand  tem- 
plar from  his  very  intimate  friend,  the  late 
Hon.  John  B.  Finch,  B.W.G.T.,  and  two 
weeks  afterward  he  received  a  commission 
to  proceed  at  once  to  Newfoundland  and 
look  after  the  interests  of  Good  Templary 
there.  His  trip  was  a  grand  success,  and 
on  the  eve  of  leaving  the  island  he  was 
tendered  a  grand  reception  and  was  pre- 
sented with  a  very  flattering  address,  signed 
by  the  leading  Good  Templars  of  New- 
foundland. For  three  years  he  held  the 
position  of  chairman  of  lecture  work,  and 
it  was  through  his  influence  that  the  fol- 
lowing celebrated  lecturers  visited  Nova 
Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  and  Prince  Edward 
Island,  namely,  Hon.  John  B.  Finch,  Col- 
onel J.  J.  Hickman,  Lou.  J.  Beauchamp, 
Hon.  John  Sobieskie,  Professor  Crozier,  and 
others.  In  one  year  he  reported  over  300 
lectures  delivered  and  60  lodges  organized; 
the  greatest  number  of  lodges  ever  organized 
in  one  year  in  Nova  Scotia.  At  the  present 
time  he  holds  no  office  in  the  Grand  Lodge, 
but  he  is  ever  in  demand  as  a  lecturer  and 
organizer.  At  the  present  time  he  is  presi- 
dent and  manager  of  the  Nova  Scotia  lec- 
ture and  concert  bureau.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Independent  Order  of  Foresters.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Chisholm  has  always  been  a 
strong  Liberal;  and  in  religion,  a  Presbyte- 
rian. Mr.  Chisholm  has  been  in  business  for 
twenty  years  in  the  town  of  Truro,  and  no 
one  living  in  that  beautiful  town  takes  such 
great  delight  as  he  does  in  pointing  out  its 
beauty  and  advocating  its  advancement. 
During  the  last  ten  years  great  induce- 
ments have  been  offered  him  to  leave  his 
beautiful  town,  but  to  all  such  offers  up  to 
the  present  time  he  has  given  a  refusal.  In 
1872  he  married  Bessie  A.  Cock,  of  Brook- 
side,  Colchester  county.  Her  great- grand- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


409 


father,  Kev.  Daniel  Cock,  was  the  first  settled 
Presbyterian  minister  in  the  province  of 
Nova  Scotia.  This  is  the  oldest  Presby- 
terian church  in  the  Dominion.  The  Bev. 
William  McCulloch,  D.D.,  who  retired  from 
the  ministry  about  a  year  ago,  was  pastor 
•of  the  above  congregation  forty-eight  years. 
Bev.  John  Bobbins,  late  of  Glencoe,  Onta- 
rio, is  now  pastor  of  this  church.  Mr. 
Chisholm  has  been  blessed  with  a  family  of 
two  boys.  Mrs.  Chisholm  is  a  very  active 
church  member;  a  worker  in  the  Women's 
Christian  Temperance  Union,  and  other 
moral  reforms. 

G ui I  let,  IHajor  Georere,  Merchant, 
Cobourg,  Ontario,  M.P.  for  West  Northum- 
berland, Ontario,  was  born  hi  Cobourg,  on 
the  19th  July,  1840.  His  father,  John 
Guillet,  was  born  in  St.  Helier,  Island  of 
Jersey,  and  after  coming  to  America  resid- 
ed several  years  in  St.  Johns,  Newfound- 
land, where  he  acted  as  agent  for  a  Jersey 
firm  engaged  in  the  fisheries.  His  mother, 
Charlotte  Payne,  was  the  second  daughter 
of  John  Payne,  and  was  born  in  Frome, 
Somersetshire,  England.  Mr.  Guillet  re- 
ceived his  elementary  education  at  the  pub- 
lic schools,  and  at  a  private  school  of  John 
Wilson,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  and  then  entered  Vic- 
toria College,  Cobourg.  He  enlisted  at  the 
time  of  the  Trent  difficulty  in  the  Cobourg 
Bine  Company,  was  promoted  to  the  en- 
signcy  of  that  company,  and  afterwards  re- 
ceived a  lieutenant's  commission  in  No.  2 
company,  40th  battalion,  becoming  its  cap- 
tain in  October,  1873.  He  is  now  quarter- 
master of  the  40th,  with  the  rank  of  major. 
He  sat  in  the  municipal  council  of  Cobourg 
seven  ye"ars,  and  was  also  for  four  years 
mayor  and  commissioner  of  the  town  trust. 
His  municipal  career  was  marked  by  the 
liberal  encouragement  given  to  the  manu- 
facturing interests  of  the  town;  the  obtain- 
ing of  the  passage  of  an  act  in  the  Ontario 
legislature  providing  a  property  qualifica- 
tion for  commissioners  of  the  town  trust, 
and  declaring  the  position  shall  be  held 
without  emolument,  save  by  the  chairman 
and  treasurer  of  the  board.  Several  im- 
portant street  improvements  in  the  town 
also  owe  their  origin  to  him.  In  addition, 
he  was  active  in  promoting  the  educational 
interests  of  Cobourg,  particularly  in  get- 
ting erected  the  Faraday  Science  Hall,  in 
connection  with  Victoria  University,  and 
the  Collegiate  Institute.  He  contested  the 
West  Biding  of  Northumberland  in  the 


provincial  election  of  1879,  but  was  defeated 
by  21  votes.  On  the  resignation  of  the 
Hon.  James  Cockburn,  in  1881,  Mr.  Guillet 
was  nominated  for  the  vacant  seat,  and  was 
elected  by  a  majority  of  79  votes  over  the 
Beform  candidate,  George  Waters,  M.D. 
He  was  re-elected  at  the  general  election 
of  1882,  but  his  election  having  been  voided 
by  the  Supreme  Court,  he  was  again  nom- 
inated for  re-election,  and  was  returned, 
defeating  for  the  second  time  his  opponent 
of  1882,  William  Kerr.  At  the  general 
election  of  1887,  he  again  defeated  the  Be- 
form candidate,  J.  H.  Durable,  police  mag- 
istrate of  Cobourg,  and  now  represents 
West  Northumberland  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons at  Ottawa.  He  is  a  firm  supporter 
of  British  connection,  and  all  lines  of  na- 
tional policy  consistent  therewith.  He  is, 
however,  in  favour  of  reciprocal  trade  in 
natural  products  with  the  United  States, 
and  the  abolition  of  the  canal  tolls  on  Cana- 
dian trade.  While  he  is  opposed  to  frequent 
changes  in  the  British  North  America  Act, 
he  favours  the  idea  of  transferring  the  power 
of  prohibiting  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors 
to  the  provinces.  In  the  session  of  1882,  he 
introduced  the  bill  granting  to  seamen  a 
first  lien  and  the  right  of  recovery  of  wages 
in  rem,  and  by  a  summary  process,  which 
resulted  in  the  amendment  of  the  Merchants' 
Shipping  Act  of  1873  to  that  effect;  and 
he  received  the  thanks  of  the  Seamen's 
Union  for  obtaining  these  concessions.  He 
is  opposed  to  commercial  union,  on  the 
ground  of  impracticability,  save  at  the  sacri- 
fice of  distinctively  Canadian  interests  and 
institutions,  and  at  the  cost  of  humilia- 
tion and  dishonour  to  the  Canadian  name. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
also  of  the  Oddfellows,  and  the  Ancient 
Order  of  United  Workmen.  In  politics 
Mr.  Guillet  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and 
in  religion  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist 
church.  He  has  lived  continuously  in  Co- 
bourg since  the  day  of  his  birth,  and  has 
been  engaged  in  the  wholesale  and  retail 
grocery  and  crockery  business  for  over 
twenty-five  years.  This  business  was  first 
established  by  John  Guillet,  and  is  now 
one  of  the  oldest  of  its  kind  in  Cobourg. 
Mr.  Guillet  has  been  a  successful  merchant; 
his  career  not  having  been  interrupted  by 
either  suspension,  assignment,  or  compro- 
mise. In  addition  to  his  regular  line  of 
business,  he  has  invested  considerable  of 
his  means  in  lake  shipping. 


410 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Iff  eft  in  n  011,  ffon.  John,  Farmer 
and  Trader,  Whycocomagh,  M.P.P.  for  In- 
verness, Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  Whyco- 
comagh, Cape  Breton,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
14th  July,  1833.  The  family  belongs  to  the 
McKinnons,  of  Skye,  Scotland,  and  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  second  son  of 
Lauchlan  McKinnon,who  emigrated  to  Cape 
Breton  from  North  Uist  in  1828.  His  mother 
was  Anna  McLean.  Mr  McKinnon  re- 
ceived his  education  at  the  Free  Church 
College,  in  Halifax.  Apart  from  his  busi- 
ness operations,  he  has  devoted  a  good  deal 
of  his  time  to  public  concerns.  He  taught 
for  several  years,  as  Grammar  school  teacher 
in  Halifax  and  Victoria  counties.  He  was 
gazetted  captain  in  No.  5  Inverness  Infantry 
of  militia,  previous  to  confederation.  In 
1874  he  was  elected  to  represent  the  county 
of  Inverness  in  the  House  of  Assembly  of 
Nova  Scotia.  In  May,  1875,  he  was  sworn 
in  as  member  of  the  Executive  Council, 
and  held  office  without  a  portfolio  in  the 
Hill  administration  until  its  resignation,  in 
October,  1878.  He  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  at  the  general  elections,  held  in 
1878  and  1882;  but  at  the  general  election 
in  1886  he  was  again  returned  to  the  Legis- 
lature by  his  old  constituency.  Mr.  Mc- 
Kinnon was  a  strong  supporter  of  confeder- 
ation, and  assisted  in  promoting  the  build- 
ing of  the  railway  extension  from  New  Glas- 
gow to  the  Strait  of  Canso.  He  takes  a 
deep  interest  in  the  temperance  movement, 
and  has  held  several  offices  in  the  orders  of 
the  Sons  of  Temperance  and  Good  Temp- 
lars. He  actively  supports  the  Scott  Act. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  Liberal;  and  in  religion, 
an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
He  was  married  on  the  19th  December, 
1878,  to  Harriet,  daughter  of  the  late  D. 
McQueen,  of  Sydney,  Oape  Breton. 

Owen*,  William,  Stonefield,  Lachute, 
M.P.P.  for  Argenteuil,  was  born  at  Stone- 
field,  province  of  Quebec,  in  1840.  His 
father,  Owen  Owens,  was  a  native  of  Den- 
bigh, Wales,  and  his  mother,  Charlotte 
Lindley,  of  Brantford,  England.  Mr. 
Owens  received  his  education  in  the  echools 
of  his  native  parish ;  and  afterwards  adopted 
commerce  as  his  profession.  In  1861  he 
joined  his  brother  in  partnership,  under  the 
firm  name  of  T.  &  W.  Owens,  and  they  have 
since  carried  on  an  extensive  business  as  mer- 
chants and  forwarders,  until  1887,  when  Mr. 
Owens  retired  from  business.  Mr.  Owens 
was  an  officer  in  the  active  militia  from  1863 


bo  1883,  and  retired  with  the  rank  of  cap- 
bain.  For  many  years  he  held  the  position 
of  postmaster  of  Chatham,  and  also  filled 
several  terms  as  councillor,  and  latterly  as 
mayor,  of  the  township  of  Chatham.  In 
1881  he  entered  political  life,  and  at  the 
general  election  of  that  year  was  returned 
to  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Quebec  pro- 
vince, as  representative  of  his  native  county. 
At  the  general  election  held  in  1886  he 
was  again  elected  for  Argenteuil,  this  time 
by  acclamation.  In  politics  Mr.  Owens  is 
a  Oonservative;  and  in  religion  is  an  ad- 
herent of  the  Church  of  England.  He  is 
a  widower. 

Taschcreau,  ff  on.  Henry  T.,B.L., 
B.C.L.,  Montreal,  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  was  born 
in  the  city  of  Quebec,  on  the  6th  October, 
1841.  He  is  the  son  of  the  Hon.  Jean 
Thomas  Taschereau,  late  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Dominion, 
who,  after  being  on  the  bench  for  nineteen 
years,  was  forced  to  resign  his  position  in 
consequence  of  ill-health,  in  October,  1878. 
His  grandfather,  Hon.  Jean  Thomas  Tasch- 
ereau, was  in  his  lifetime  one  of  the  puisne 
judges  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench  of 
Lower  Canada,  and  his  grandmother,  Marie 
Panet,  was  a  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Jean 
Panet,  first  speaker  of  the  House  of  Assem- 
bly for  Quebec  province,  which  he  held  for 
twenty  consecutive  years.  Judge  Tasche- 
reau, the  subject  of  our  sketch,  is  the  fifth 
member  of  the  Taschereau  family  who  have 
sat  on  the  bench  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
or  of  the  dominion  of  Canada,  and  is  a 
nephew  of  his  Eminence  the  Cardinal  Arch- 
bishop of  Quebec.  The  family  is  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  distinguished  in  that  pro- 
vince, its  founder  in  Canada  having  been 
Thomas  Jacques,  of  Touraine,  France,  son 
of  Christopher  Taschereau,  King's  counsel- 
lor, director  of  the  mint,  and  treasurer  of  the 
city  of  Tours.  This  gentleman  came  to  Can- 
anda  about  the  beginning  of  the  last  cen- 
tury, was  appointed  treasurer  of  the  marine, 
and  in  1736  obtained  the  cession  of  a  seig- 
nory  on  the  banks  of  the  Chaudiere  river, 
Quebec  province.  Judge  Taschereau  was 
educated  at  the  Quebec  Seminary,  and  at 
Laval  University,  and  received  from  Laval 
the  degree  of  B.L.,  in  1861,  and  B.C.L.  in 
1862.  He  took  up  law  as  a  profession,  and 
practised  in  Quebec,  with  marked  success, 
until  he  was  elevated  to  the  bench,  in  1878. 
He  was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  city 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


411 


council  of  Quebec,  and  represented  the  city 
on  the  North  Shore  Bailway  Board.  In  1862 
he  edited  the  newspaper,  Les  Debats,  and 
in  1863  was  one  of  the  editors  of  La  Tribune, 
of  Quebec.  He  entered  active  political  life 
in  1863,  and  ran  as  candidate  for  the  coun- 
ty of  Dorchester  in  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly of  Canada,  but  failed  to  secure  his  elec- 
tion. In  1872  he  was  more  successful,  and 
was  returned  as  member  for  Montmagny 
county  to  the  House  of  Commons.  In  1874 
he  again  presented  himself  for  election,  and 
was  returned  by  acclamation.  In  politics, 
he  was  a  Liberal.  Being  possessed  of  good 
talents  and  fine  culture,  with  a  good  judicial 
mind,  he  has  already  done  credit  to  his 
family  of  eminent  parents.  He  was  first 
married  to  a  daughter  of  E.  L.  Pacaud,  ad- 
vocate of  Arthabaska,  on  the  22nd  June, 
1864,  and  has  a  family  of  nine  children. 
After  the  death  of  his  first  wife  (Nov., 
1883),  he  married  in  April,  1885,  Mrs. 
Marie  Masson,  widow,  of  Montreal,  sister- 
in-law  of  ex-Lieut.-Governor  Masson.  No 
children  by  last  marriage. 

JttcLachlaii,  Alexander,  Erin,  On- 
tario, was  born  at  the  Brig  o'  Johnston, 
Scotland,  in  the  year  1820.  He  is  the  son 
of  a  mechanic,  and  has  had  few  of  the  ad- 
vantages to  be  derived  from  a  liberal  edu- 
cation, yet  from  boyhood  he  was  a  great 
reader,  and  thus  became  acquainted  with 
the  works  of  the  principal  British  authors. 
In  early  life  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  tailor, 
and  worked  at  his  trade  for  many  years. 
In  this  way  he  fostered  his  inborn  love  of 
song,  as  few  occupations  are  more  conducive 
to  the  growth  of  poetic  sentiment  than  a  me- 
chanical movement  of  the  fingers,  which 
leaves  thought  free  to  soar  to  heights  that 
idleness  could  never  hope  to  attain.  In  early 
life  he  became  connected  with  the  Chartist 
movement,  but  afterwards  changed  his 
views.  In  1840  he  emigrated  to  Canada, 
and,  for  a  short  time,  made  his  home  in  the 
wild- wood  ;  but  since  appearing  before  the 
public  as  an  author  and  lecturer,  he  has  re- 
sided at  Erin,  Wellington  county,  Ontario. 
The  height  of  Mr.  McLachlan's  ambition  is 
to  be  to  Canada  what  Burns  was  to  Scot- 
land :  the  poet  of  the  people  ;  and  in  this, 
we  think,  he  has  succeeded  thus  far.  We 
cannot  say  that  a  greater  than  he  may  not 
appear  in  the  future  ;  but  we  have  not  yet 
seen  any  volume  of  Canadian  verse  equal  to 
his  in  the  simplicity  that  goes  to  the  heart 
of  the  poor  and  lowly.  In  this  respect  he 


meets  a  want  of  the  community,  and  occu- 
pies a  position  of  honor  that  a  poet  of  higher 
culture  might  vainly  aspire  to  fill.  It  does 
not  fall  to  the  lot  of  every  man  to  receive 
an  education  that  will  enable  him  to  appre- 
ciate the  classic  beauties  of  a  "  Mulvaney  " 
or  a  "  Koberts,"  or  the  chaste  imagery  of  a 
"  Maclean  " ;  nor  has  nature  gifted  everyone 
with  the  "  wild  wealth  of  imagination"  (we 
quote  Collins)  that  would  lead  him  to  revel 
in  the  love-songs  of  a  "  Caris  Sima  " ;  but 
what  Canadian  farmer,  with  a  soul  large 
enough  to  survive  the  transit  to  another 
sphere,  would  not  feel  the  pathos  of  the 
lines  that  he  writes  on  the  death  of  his  ox. 
This  poem,  though  faulty  in  construction, 
brings  the  trials  and  sufferings  of  the  early 
settler  so  graphically  before  the  reader  that 
it  is  impossible  for  us  to  overlook  it.  We 
quote  the  following  lines : 

Here,  single-handed,  in  the  bush,  I  battled  on  for 
years  ; 

My  heart  sometimes  buoyed  up  with  hope ;  some- 
times bowed  down  with  fears. 

I  had  misfortunes  not  a  few,  e'en  from  the  very 
first; 

But  take  them  altogether,  "  Bright,"  thy  death's 
the  very  worst. 

And  again  he  writes, 

How  can  I  ever  clear  the  land  ?    How  can  I  drag 

the  wheat  ? 
How  can  I  keep  my  credit  good  ?    How  can  my 

children  eat? 

The  reader  of  these  lines,  perhaps,  at  the 
moment,  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  a 
member  of  parliament,  or  a  minister  of  the 
Gospel,  will  instantly  look  back  to  bis  boy- 
hood's days  and  see  the  meek-eyed  oxen 
standing  before  the  log-cabin  door,  from 
which  issues  the  form  of  his  father,  bearing- 
a  long  slender  switch,  which  he  twirls  round 
in  front  of  the  gentle  animals  as  he  says 
"  haw,  Buck,  gee,  Bright " ;  and  again  he  will 
see  them  struggling  in  the  yoke,  their  wide- 
spreading  horns  clashing  together  as  they 
draw  the  great  logs  into  a  heap  for  the 
burning;  and  seeing  the  result  of  the  early 
settlers'  efforts  in  the  magnificent  stretches 
of  cleared  land,  and  waving  fields  of  grain, 
he  will  sing,  with  our  poet,  in  patriotic 
strain : 

Hurrah  !  for  the  grand  old  forest  land, 
Where  freedom  spreads  her  pinion  ; 

Hurrah  with  me,  for  the  maple  tree, 
Hurrah  !  for  the  new  Dominion. 

It  is,  though  portrayed  in  the  humblest 
language,  a  very  pathetic  picture  he  draws 
of  "  Old  Hannah,"  poor  old  woman,  hus- 


412 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


band  and  children  all  gone,  sitting,  on  the 
Sabbath  morn,  on  the  doorstep  of  her  deso- 
late home,  with  her  Bible  on  her  knee,  look- 
ing as  sweetly  patient  as  only  those  purified 
by  affliction  can  look,  and  silently  teaching 
us  to  thank  God  for  the  suffering  that  alone 
oan  fit  us  for  the  kingdom  of  heaven.  We 
quote  these  lines : 

In  her  faded  widow's  cap ; 
She  is  sitting  alone 
On  the  old  grey  stone 
With  her  Bible  in  her  lap. 

Her  years  are  o'er  three  score  and  ten, 
And  her  eyes  are  waxing  dim, 
But  the  page  is  bright 
With  a  living  light, 
And  her  heart  leaps  up  to  Him 
Who  pours  the  mystic  harmony 
N        Which  the  soul  can  only  hear, 
She  is  not  alone 
On  the  old  grey  stonp, 
Though  no  earthly  friend  is  near. 

For  his  poem,  "Halls  of  Holyrood,"  Mr. 
McLachlan,  in  a  world-wide  competition, 
won  the  prize  offered  some  years  ago  by  the 
Glasgow  Workman  newspaper,  for  a  na- 
tional song  for  Scotland.  In  1863  he  was 
appointed  by  the  Canadian  government  to 
lecture  throughout  Great  Britain  in  favor 
of  emigration  to  Canada.  He  has  also 
lectured  in  the  principal  Canadian  towns 
and  villages  on  various  subjects.  He  speaks 
with  much  earnestness  and  simplicity.  As 
a  poet,  we  would  say,  Mr.  McLachlan  has 
written  many  pretty  musical  pieces,  while 
all  his  work  evinces  much  force,  fervor,  and 
simplicity.  Here  is  a  line  of  great  beauty 
that  he  gives  birth  to  when  he  speaks  of  the 
humming  bird  as 

Wandering  spirit  of  the  flowers. 

And  here  is  a  pretty  stanza  from  "  Indian 
Summer": 

Down  from  the  blue  the  sun  has  driven, 
And  stands  between  the  earth  and  heaven, 

In  robes  of  smouldering  flame  ; 
A  smoking  cloud  before  him  hung, 
A  mystic  veil,  for  which  no  tongue 

Of  earth  can  find  a  name; 
And  o'er  him  bends  the  vault  of  blue  ; 
With  shadowy  faces  looking  through 

The  azure  deep  profound  ; 
The  stillness  of  eternity, 
A  glory  and  a  mystery, 

Encompass  him  around. 
The  air  is  thick  with  golden  haze, 
The  woods  are  in  a  dreamy  maze, 

The  earth  enchanted  seems. 
Have  we  not  left  the  realms  of  care 
And  entered  in  the  regions  fair, 

We  see  in  blissful  dreams  ? 


Here  our  poet  has  left  the  logging-field  and 
is  enjoying  the  beauties  of  nature,  while 
giving  more  attention  to  the  rhythmic  tone 
of  the  muse.  We  understand  that  Mr.  Mc- 
Lachlan is  now  writing  for  Grip,  and  we 
have  seen  some  lines  of  his  entitled  "  May 
Song  "  which,  as  a  lyric,  is  far  in  advance 
of  his  previous  work.  We  give  the  first 
stanza : 

Now  morn  is  ascending  from  out  the  dark  sea, 

A  light  crimson  veil  hanging  o'er  her  ; 
The  lark  leaves  her  nest  on  the  bonny  green  lea, 

And  flutters  aloft  to  adore  her. 
And,  oh,  how  the  living  beams  revel  and  leap  ! 

In  purple  and  gold  to  enfold  her  ; 
And  how  the  wild  cataract  roused  on  the  steep, 

Is  shouting  with  joy  to  behold  her. 

Here  is  good  word-painting,  and  shows  what 
heights  our  poet  is  capable  of  attaining. 
We  would  say,  in  conclusion,  that  we  think 
Mr.  McLachlan  should  be  looked  upon  as 
a  benefactor  to  his  country,  in  that  he  has 
thrown  a  halo  over  the  humblest  home. 
Well  would  it  be,  for  those  who  are  seized 
with  the  "  brick  and  mortar  craze  "  of  the 
present  day,  to  pause  and  read  "  The  Old 
Settler's  Address  to  his  Old  Log  House," 
before  he  lays  the  foundation  stone  of  the 
new  brick  mansion  that  too  often  leads  to 
ruin,. and  sometimes  to  disgrace. 

O'Connor,  Hon.  John,  Q.C.,  Puisne 
Judge  of  the  Divisional  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench,  who  died  at  Cobourg,  on  the  3rd 
November,  1887,  was  of  Irish  descent.  His 
parents,  both  of  whom  were  named  O'Con- 
nor, were  representatives  of  two  distinct 
branches  of  that  family,  and  emigrated  in 
1823  from  Kerry  to  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
where  deceased  was  born,  in  January,  1824. 
Four  years  later  his  parents  removed  to 
Canada,  and  settled  in  Essex  county,  Onta- 
rio, where  he  grew  to  manhood.  When 
about  nineteen  years  of  age  he  sustained  an 
accident  which  materially  influenced  his 
future  career.  While  cutting  timber  on  his 
father's  farm  a  heavy  tree  fell  upon  him, 
jambing  one  of  his  legs  in  the  brushwood. 
Young  O'Connor  struggled  hard  to  liberate 
the  limb,  but  failed,  and  as  night  was  fast 
approaching,  and  a  biting  frost  prevailed, 
he  feared  he  might  be  frozen  to  death.  There 
was  no  hope  of  assistance.  Under  these 
desperate  circumstances  the  young  fellow 
took  out  his  jackknife,  cut  off  the  limb,  and 
crawled  to  his  home  over  the  snow,  bleeding 
profusely.  This  disabled  the  future  judge 
for  manual  labor,  and  from  that  date  he  de- 
voted all  his  energies  to  study.  Mr.  O'Con- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


413 


nor  was  called  to  the  bar  in  1854,  settled 
down  to  practice  in  Windsor,  and  was  suc- 
cessful, not  only  in  gaining  a  profitable 
business,  but  in  acquiring  a  good  deal  of 
local  influence,  political  and  otherwise.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Michigan  bar.  He 
filled  the  offices  of  reeve  of  Windsor,  war- 
den of  Essex,  and  chairman  of  the  Windsor 
School  Board.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Con- 
servative, and  in  religion  a  Roman  Catholic. 
Mr.  O'Connor  represented  Essex  in  the  Can- 
adian Assembly  for  a  short  period,  and  he 
was  member  of  the  same  constituency  in 
the  House  of  Commons  from  1867  to  1873, 
being  one  of  Sir  John  Macdonald's  cabinet 
from  1872  till  it  resigned  in  1873.  Defeat- 
ed in  Essex  in  1874,  he  was  out  of  Parlia- 
ment until  1878,  when  he  was  elected  for 
Eussell  county,  and  again  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Conservative  government,  hold- 
ing the  portfolios  successively  of  president 
of  the  Council,  postmaster- general,  and 
secretary  of  state.  From  the  cabinet  he 
went  to  "the  bench,  having  been  a  judge  of 
the  Ontario  Queen's  Bench  since  Septem- 
ber, 1884. 

Ulollat,  William,  Treasurer  of  the 
county  of  Renfrew,  Pembroke,  Ontario,  was 
born  on  the  29th  November,  1825,  in  Had- 
dingtonshire,  Scotland.  His  father,  Alex- 
ander Moffat,  tcame  to  Pembroke  in  1840, 
and  laid  out  the  village  (now  town)  of 
Pembroke.  He  was  its  first  postmaster, 
and  subsequently  became  an  extensive  mill 
owner.  In  his  day  he  was  a  leading  Re- 
former, and  was  on  one  occasion  nominated 
by  his  party  to  represent  it  in  the  Legis- 
lative Council,  but  declined  the  honor.  Mr. 
Moft'at's  mother  was  Margaret  Dickson  Pur- 
vis, who  died  in  1834.  Mr.  Moffat,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  is  the  eldest  son  of 
this  worthy  couple,  and  received  his  edu- 
cation in  By  town,  now  Ottawa.  He  worked 
with  his  father  in  his  mills  in  the  section 
of  country  where  the  .family  had  settled, 
and  which  was  then  an  almost  unbroken 
wilderness,  until  he  was  twenty-three  years 
of  age,  when  he  began  the  lumber  busi- 
and  carried  this  on  until  1865;  and 
m  that  year  he  conducted  his  father's 

usiness,  which  consisted  of  flour  and  wool- 
mills,  until  his  death,   on  the  7th  of 

pril,  1872,  when  he,  with  his  brother  Alex- 
der,  continued  the  business,  to  which  they 
,ve  added  oatmeal  and  saw  mills,  until 

878.     The  mills  were  on  the  site  on  which 
father  first  built  in  1840.     Mr.  Moffat 


has  in  his  day  taken  an  active  interest  in 
municipal  affairs.  He  was  reeve  of  the 
township  of  Pembroke  for  -the  years  1871 
to  1874;  and  during  1872  to  1876  he  was 
warden  of  the  county  of  Renfrew.  In  1875 
and  '76  he  occupied  the  position  of  reeve 
of  the  village  of  Pembroke ;  and  he  was  also 
the  first  mayor  of  the  town  of  Pembroke, 
holding  that  office  in  1877  and  1878.  In 
January,  1885,  he  was  appointed  treasurer 
for  the  county  of  Renfrew,  and  this  office 
he  continues  to  fill  to  the  satisfaction  of  his 
fellow  citizens.  He  was  the  projector  of 
the  Kingston  and  Pembroke  Railway,  and 
was  one  of  its  first  directors.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  order.  In  politics  he  is. 
a  Reformer,  and  twice  carried  the  standard 
of  his  party  through  political  contests — one 
for  the  Dominion  parliament  and  one  for 
the  Ontario  legislature — but  unfortunately 
was  unsuccessful  on  both  occasions.  In 
religion  he  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  In  1849  he  was  married  to  Isa- 
bella Ambrose  Kennedy,  who  came  from 
Dumfriesshire,  Scotland. 

Ouimct,  Hon.  Aldric  Joseph, 
Lieutenant -Colonel,  LL.B.,  Q.C.,  Mont- 
real, M.P.  for  Laval  County,  and  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Commons  at  Ottawa,  was 
born  at  Ste.  Rose,  Laval  county,  on  the 
20th  May,  1848.  He  belongs  to  one  of  the 
oldest  families  in  the  district  of  Montreal, 
they  having  settled  there  over  a  century 
ago.  His  father  was  Michel  Ouimet,  a  jus- 
tice of  the  peace,  and  his  mother,  Elizabeth 
St.  Louis  Filiatrault.  Hon.  Mr.  Ouimet 
was  educated  at  the  Seminary  of  St.  The- 
rese  de  Blainville,  and  graduated  a  LL.B. 
at  Victoria  College,  Cobourg,  Ontario,  in 
1869.  He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Ed- 
mund Barnard,  in  Montreal,  and  was  called 
to  the  bar  of  Lower  Canada  in  1870,  and 
since  that  period  he  has  successfully  prac- 
tised his  profession  in  Montreal,  being  the 
head  of  the  law  firm  of  Ouimet,  Cornellier 
and  Emard.  On  the  llth  October,  1880, 
he  was  appointed  a  Queen's  counsel.  In 
1874,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Roman  Catholic  School  Commissioners 
for  Montreal,  and  has  ever  since  taken  a 
direct  interest  in  educational  matters.  He 
is  now  a  director  of  the  Montreal  City  and 
District  Savings  Bank,  and  of  the  Credit 
Foncier  Franco- Canadian;  and  president  of 
the  Laval  Agricultural  Society.  A  number 
of  years  ago  he  joined  the  volunteer  move- 
ment, and  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in 


414 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  Mount  Royal  Rifles.  He  is  now  lieu- 
tenant-colonel of  the  65th  battalion  of  rifles, 
and  as  such  commanded  his  battalion 
throughout  the  North- West  campaign  in 
1885.  He  did  good  service  to  his  coun- 
try in  the  Edmonton  district,  by  pacify- 
ing the  Indians,  and  persuading  the  Half- 
breeds  to  support  the  Dominion  government. 
He  is  chairman  of  the  council  of  the  Do- 
minion Rifle  Association.  He  was  first  re- 
turned to  the  Dominion  parliament  in  No- 
yember,  1873,  to  his  present  seat,  in  place 
of  the  Hon.  Joseph  Hyacinthe  Bellerose, 
who  was  called  to  the  Senate  in  October  of 
that  year,  and  was  re-elected  by  the  same 
constituency  by  acclamation  in  1874,  1878, 
and  1882.  He  was  again  elected  at  the  gen- 
eral elections  held  in  1887.  He  was  unan- 
imously chosen  speaker  of  the  House  of 
Commons  on  the  13th  April,  1887,  and  now 
fills  that  high  office  with  dignity  and  im- 
partiality. Hon.  Mr.  Ouimet  is  a  Liberal- 
Conservative  in  politics,  and  was  returned 
as  an  independent  supporter  of  Sir  John  A. 
Macdonald's  administration.  He  is  a  tho- 
rough Canadian,  and  has  great  faith  in  the 
future  of  Canada  and  of  the  Canadian  na- 
tion. He  supports  a  protective  tariff,  and 
any  other  well-devised  scheme  for  the  im- 
provement of  the  country.  In  1882  he 
voted  for  commercial  independence.  He 
seems  to  have  at  an  early  period  of  his  life 
struck  out  for  himself  an  independent  career, 
and  thus  far  he  has  succeeded.  On  the  30th 
July,  1874,  he  was  married  to  Theresa, 
daughter  of  Alfred  La  Rocque,  of  Montreal, 
by  Emelie  Berthelot,  and  the  fruit  of  the 
union  has  been  four  children. 

Whelan,  Hon.  Edward,  Charlotte- 
town,  Prince  Edward  Island. — TJie  late  Hon. 
Edward  Whelan  was  born  of  humble  pa- 
rents, in  the  county  of  Mayo,  Ireland,  in 
the  year  1824,  and  having  received  a  fair 
common  school  education,  when  quite  a  boy 
he  emigrated  to  Nova  Scotia,  and  appren- 
ticed himself  to  the  Hon.  Joseph  Howe  as  a 
printer.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  came 
to  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  commenced 
writing  for  some  of  the  public  newspapers, 
and  the  brilliancy  and  force  of  his  articles 
soon  brought  him  into  public  notice,  and 
shortly  afterwards  he  assumed  the  editor- 
ship of  a  newspaper  called  The  Palladium, 
in  which  the  cause  of  the  tenantry  was 
ably  espoused,  and  the  foundation  laid  for 
a  vigorous  campaign,  which  resulted  in  the 
establishment  of  the  present  system  of  re- 


sponsible government,  and  the  abolition  of 
the  rental  system,  which  was  then  as  ob- 
noxious to  the  people  of  Prince  Edward 
Island  as  it  is  at  present  to  the  people  of 
his  native  land.  At  the  early  age  of  twenty - 
one  years,  looking  but  a  mere  boy,  he  was 
elected  to  represent  the  second  district  of 
Kings  county  in  the  local  legislature,  and 
shortly  afterwards  having,  in  conjunction 
with  the  Hon.  George  Coles,  succeeded  in 
obtaining  responsible  government  for  the 
province,  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  first 
government  formed  under  the  new  consti- 
tution, and  was  co-leader  with  Mr.  Coles  for 
several  years;  when,  finding  that  his  posi- 
tion as  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council 
interfered  with  his  freedom  in  discussing 
public  questions,  he  retired  from  the  coun- 
cil, retaining  the  office  of  Queen's  printer. 
His  ready  pen  and  eloquent  tongue  were 
ever  ready  to  defend  the  causes  he  had  es- 
poused, and  sometimes  he  would  reply  to 
the  attacks  of  his  opponents  with  such  keen 
severity,  that,  feeling  their  inability  to  cope 
with  him  in  a  paper  warfare,  he  was  drag- 
ged into  the  courts  on  charges  of  defama- 
tion of  character.  And  his  eloquent  and 
able  defence  before  the  court  on  one  of 
those  occasions  won  for  him  the  admiration 
of  the  judges,  lawyers,  and  all  who  heard 
him,  convincing  not  only  the  court  and  jury, 
but  all  who  heard  or  read  his  eloquent  ad- 
dress to  them,  that  he  was  no  slanderer,  but 
only  an  exponent  of  public  wrongs.  He 
continued  to  represent  the  second  district 
of  Kings  county  for  over  twenty  years,  dur- 
ing which  time  his  popularity  never  abated. 
When  the  confederation  of  the  British  pro- 
vinces was  proposed,  he  warmly  espoused 
the  project,  sincerely  believing  that  its  ac- 
complishment would  materially  add  to  the 
prosperity  and  development  of  his  adopted 
country ;  and  although  the  party  with  whom 
he  formerly  worked  were  for  the  most  part 
opposed  to  the  scheme,  and  although  he 
knew  that  the  project  was  held  in  small 
favour  by  the  great  majority  of  his  constit- 
uents, he  nevertheless  openly  advocated 
what  his  honest  convictions  assured  him 
was  for  their  true  welfare,  although  at  the 
expense  of  his  present  popularity  and  in- 
terest. And  now,  after  a  lapse  of  over 
twenty  years,  the  province  almost  unani- 
mously acknowledges  that  he  was  not  only 
honest  and  sincere  in  his  criticisms,  but  right 
in  his  judgment,  and  a  movement  is  on  foot 
to  erect  a  statue  to  his  memory  in  the  prin- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


415 


cipal  square  in  Charlottetown.    He  was  one 
of  the  delegates  to  the  Quebec  convention 
for  the  confederation  of  the  provinces,  where 
he  made  many  friends,  and  did  credit  to 
himself   and   the  province  he  represented. 
The  "  Canadian  Biographical  Dictionary  "  of 
1881  contains  the  following  tribute  to  his 
worth  : — "  Amongst  the  most  noted  states- 
men and  orators  in  Prince  Edward  Island 
fifteen  and  thirty  years  ago  was  Edward 
Whelan.     A  self-taught  man  and  sagacious 
politician,  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he  came 
to  the  island,  and  shortly  afterwards  enter- 
ed  upon  a  brilliant  career  of  journalism, 
having  great  power  with  the  pen,  and  wield- 
ing it  on  the  side  of  the  people.    In  the  local 
parliament,  of  which  he  was  a  member  for  a 
score  of  years,  he  was  a  great  power,  the  pre- 
mier part  of  the  time,  and  one  of  the  most 
courageous  spokesmen  of  his  party  (the  Lib- 
eral at  all  times).  Few  men  in  this  province, 
living  or  dead,  have  done  more  service  in 
getting  important  measures  through  parlia- 
ment and  extending  civil   liberty  through 
the  island.      .      .      .      Mr.  Whelan  was  a 
Roman  Catholic,  and  his  death  is  reported 
to  have  been  the  triumph  of  faith."     The 
following  is  an  extract  from  a  speech  by  J. 
C.  Underhay,  M.P.P.,  at  a  meeting  at  Mo- 
rell  Bear  in  the  fall  of  1886,  in  advocacy  of 
erecting  a  monument  to  his  memory: — "No 
marble  monument  is  needed  to  perpetuate 
the  memory  of  Edward  Whelan  in  this  pro- 
vince. Our  free  schools,  free  lands,  and  self- 
government,  with  the  well-tilled  fields  and 
comfortable  homes,  which  all  over  the  pro- 
vince have  taken  the  place  of  the  rude  struc- 
tures and  neglected  farms  of  the  rent  pay- 
ing era,  are  all  monuments  to  his  memory 
more  lasting  than  freestone  or  marble.    But 
the  people  of  Prince  Edward  Island  need  to 
erect  a  monument  to  his  memory  to  tell  to 
future  generations  that  we,  who  were  the 
immediate  recipients  of  the  benefits  his  pat- 
riotic heart,  his  gifted  intellect,  and  his  elo- 
quent tongue  secured  for  us,  are  not  un- 
grateful for  or  forgetful  of  the  great  benefits 
he  was  so  largely  instrumental  in  securing 
for  this  province."     In  1851  Mr.  Whelan 
married  Mary  Major,  daughter  of  George 
Hughes,  of  the  commissariat  department  at 
Halifax,  by  whom  he  had  two  daughters, 
who  died  some  time  previous  to  his  own  de- 
cease, which  took  place  on  the  10th  of  De- 
cember, 1867.     He  had  one  son,  a  promis- 
ing young  man,  who  perished  by  the  up- 
setting of  a  boat  in  Charlotte  Harbor  on 


the  1st  of  July,  1875,  casting  a  deep  gloom 
over  the  city,  and  so  adding  to  the  bereav- 
ed wife  and  mother's  already  overflowing 
cup  of  affliction,  that  the  chief  justice  was 
heard  to  say  on  the  occasion  that  if  ever 
uhere  was  a  time  when  the  miracle  of  raising 
the  widow's  son  could  be  fitly  repeated  it 
was  then.  His  widow  is  still  living,  and,  in 
consideration  of  the  great  public  services 
rendered  to  the  country  by  her  husband,  re- 
ceives an  annual  grant  from  the  legislature. 
Her  whole  existence  seems  to  be  wrapt  up 
in  the  memory  of  her  departed  husband, 
imd  the  one  great  desire  of  her  life  is  to  live 
to  see  a  suitable  monument  erected  to  his 
memory. 

Underhay,  John  Collier,  Farmer 
and  Land  Surveyor,  Bay  Fortune,  M.P.P. 
for  Kings,  First  District,  was  born  at  Bay 
Fortune,  in  Kings  county,  in  the  province 
of  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  15th  of 
January,  1829.  He  is  the  only  surviving 
son  of  William  Underhay,  who  emigrated 
to  Prince  Edward  Island  from  Devonshire, 
England,  in  the  year  1818,  and  married 
Marianne  Withers,  daughter  of  James 
Withers,  of  the  Commissariat  department, 
Somerset,  England,  and  sister  to  J.  *C. 
Withers,  the  present  Queen's  printer  of 
Newfoundland.  The  first  months  of  their 
married  life  were  spent  in  one  of  the  houses 
on  Lord  Townshend's  estate,  which  Captain 
Marryat  gives  an  account  of  the  building  of 
for  the  Irish  emigrants.  It  was  first  occu- 
pied by  Pat.  Pierce,  who  murdered  Abel, 
the  steward  or  agent,  at  whose  place  the  offi- 
cers of  the  ship  in  which  the  "  naval  offi- 
cer "  sailed  stayed  while  Lord  Townshend 
was  settling  his  new  tenants  on  his  estate, 
the  nearest  part  of  which  was  only  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  from  the  harbor  where  the 
warship  was  lying,  and  close  to  which  the 
agent,  Edward  Abel,  lived.  After  several 
removals,  each  one  diminishing  the  stock  of 
money  brought  from  the  old  country,  until 
it  was  about  exhausted,  they  settled  on  the 
land  which  now  comprises  the  premises 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born, 
and  now  resides.  He  received  there  a 
good  common  school  education,  and  he 
completed  his  studies  with  Eobert  Blacke 
Irving,  who  was  then  one  of  the  best  mathe- 
maticians in  the  province.  Having  at  a  very 
early  age  closely  identified  himself  with  the 
party  who  was  contending  for  responsible 
government,  free  schools,  and  free  lands. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-four  years  he  was  ap- 


416 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


pointed  a  justice  of  the  peace,  the  young- 
est person  ever  appointed  to  that  office  in 
the  province.  Some  years  after  he  was 
appointed  a  commissioner  of  the  court  for 
the  trial  of  small  debts  at  Bay  Fortune,  and 
occupied  the  position  of  presiding  judge 
in  that  court  until  those  courts  gave  place 
to  the  present  county  courts.  In  1868  he 
connected  himself  with  the  Independent 
Order  of  Good  Templars,  and  in  1870  was 
elected  grand  chief  of  the  province,  a 
position  which  he  has  since  rilled  for  two 
successive  terms.  In  May,  1884,  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Washington  session  of  the 
Bight  Worthy  Grand  Lodge,  and  was  placed 
on  several  important  committees;  and  has 
ever  since  his  connection  with  the  order 
taken  a  leading  part  in  the  temperance 
movement.  In  1874,  he  contested,  unsuc- 
cessfully, the  first  legislative  council  dis- 
trict of  Kings  county,  but  in  1879  he  was 
returned  to  represent  the  first  district  of 
Kings  county  in  the  House  of  Assembly. 
At  the  general  election  in  1882  he  contested 
the  second  district  unsuccessfully;  but  at 
the  next  general  election,  in  1886,  he  was 
returned  for  that  district,  which  he  now  re- 
presents, in  conjunction  with  the  leader  of 
the  government.  He  was  formerly  a  Lib- 
eral in  politics,  but  lately  has  allied  him- 
self with  the  Liberal-Conservatives,  whom 
he  thinks  more  fully  represent  the  princi- 
ples of  the  old  Liberal  party  of  his  pro- 
vince. As  a  justice  of  the  peace  Mr.  Un- 
derhay  has  demonstrated  more  successfully 
than  any  other  officer  in  the  province  that 
the  Canada  Temperance  Act  was  workable 
in  all  its  provisions,  and  only  wanted  pub- 
lic sympathy  and  support  to  make  it  ef- 
fectual in  the  suppression  of  the  liquor 
traffic.  He  has  been  the  presiding  mag- 
istrate in  over  fifty  suits  for  violation  of  its 
provisions,  and  not  one  of  these  has  been 
set  aside  or  judgment  reversed  by  sub- 
sequent legal  proceedings.  During  the  sur- 
vey for  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway, 
he  suggested  several  alterations  as  to  loca- 
tion, which  time  has  demonstrated,  and  it 
is  now  generally  conceded,  would  have  been 
great  improvements  had  they  been  adopted, 
and  would  have  materially  added  to  the  util- 
ity of  the  line.  He,  however,  succeeded, 
in  opposition  to  the  official  engineers,  in 
getting  the  present  line  through  Souris  to 
the  Breakwater — a  route  which,  although 
universally  admitted  to  be  the  best,  was  de- 
clared by  the  engineers  in  charge  to  be  im- 


practicable. This  route  has  proved  to  be 
not  only  by  far  the  most  convenient,  but 
the  cheapest  to  construct.  He  was  brought 
up  a  member  of  the  Church  of  England, 
but  living  amidst  a  Presbyterian  communi- 
ty, he  is  a  regular  attendant  and  supporter 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  has  for  over 
fifteen  years  held  the  offices  of  secretary 
and  treasurer  to  the  congregation.  He  took 
an  active  and  leading  part  in  the  erection 
of  the  new  church  at  Bay  Fortune.  He 
has  been  a  trustee  for  the  school  district 
in  which  he  resides  continuously  for  nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  century;  and  on  every  occa- 
sion that  he  was  a  candidate  for  a  seat  in 
the  legislature  he  received  an  almost  unani- 
mous vote  from  the  settlers  for  several  miles 
around,  without  regard  to  political  or  other 
party  distinction.  He  is  taking  a  leading  part 
in  the  present  movement  for  the  erection  of 
a  monument  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of 
the  late  Hon.  E.  Whelan,  who,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  Hon.  G.  Coles,  obtained  for 
the  province  self-goverment,  free  schools 
and  free  lands,  and  many  other  liberal  re- 
forms. On  the  17th  September,  1856,  Mr. 
Underhay  was  married  to  Rosaline,  daughter 
of  the  late  Hon.  James  Craswell,  M.L.C.,  a 
descendant  of  Sir  Edward  Craswell. 

Read,  .loll ti,  Secretary-Treasurer  and 
Manager  of  the  Stratford  Gas  and  Electric 
Light  Company,  Stratford,  Ontario,  was 
born  in  South  Petherton,  Somersetshire, 
England,  on  the  20th  August,  1838.  His 
parents  were  John  and  Susan  Read.  He 
received  his  education  in  his  native  parish, 
and  also  attended  for  a  short  time  Billing's 
Academy,  near  where  he  was  born,  receiv- 
ing a  very  meagre  education,  having  to 
leave  school  when  only  thirteen  years  of 
age  to  accompany  his  parents  to  America. 
Shortly  after  his  coming  to  Ontario,  in 
February,  1852 — he  having  arrived  in  Can- 
ada in  September,  1851 — he  was  appren- 
ticed to  the  late  Mark  Holmes,  in  London, 
to  learn  the  trade  of  carriage-making;  and 
having  faithfully  served  his  time  and  work- 
ed some  time  as  a  journeyman,  he  removed 
to  Stratford  in  May,  1862,  which  city  he 
made  his  place  of  abode.  In  1865  he  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  John  Humph- 
rey, and  they  carried  on  the  business  of 
carriage  and  waggon  makers  for  some  years. 
In  1875  he  became  a  building  contractor, 
and  continued  as  such  until  1883,  when  he 
abandoned  business,  and  accepted  the  po- 
sition of  secretary-treasurer  and  manager 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


417 


of  the  Stratford  Gas  and  Electric  Light 
Company,  which  office  he  still  holds.  Mr. 
Bead  has  been-  in  public  life  for  about 
twenty  years,  and  has  held  during  that  time 
the  various  offices  of  councillor,  reeve,  and 
public  and  high  school  trustee.  He  has 
always  taken  a  great  interest  in  the  im- 
provement of  the  city,  and  worked  hard  to 
secure  for  it  a  public  cemetery,  under  one 
management,  in  which  the  remains  of  both 
Protestants  and  Catholics  may  be  consigned 
to  mother  earth.  He  also  took  an  active 
part  in  the  erection  of  the  high  and  public 
school  buildings,  which  are  a  credit  to  the 
young  city  of  Stratford.  Mr.  Read  belongs 
to  the  order  of  Oddfellows,  and  is  a  past 
representative  of  that  body.  He  is  a  Con- 
servative in  politics,  and  has  held  for  seve- 
ral years  the  office  of  president  of  the  Con- 
servative Association  of  Stratford.  He,  too, 
has  been  president  of  the  North  Perth  Ag- 
ricultural Society,  and  while  he  held  office 
the  new  fair  grounds  were  purchased  and 
buildings  erected  thereon.  In  religion  he 
is  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist  church. 
He  was  married  on  the  1st  September,  1874, 
to  Mary  E.  Taylor,  whose  parents  are  of 
Irish  descent,  and  live  in  Ohio.  United 
States. 

Pope,  II'»n.  Joseph.  ex-Auditor  and 
Manager  of  the  Savings  Bank,  Charlotte- 
town,  Prince  Edward  Island,  was  born  on  the 
20th  June,  1803,  at  Turnchapel,  Devon,  Eng- 
land. His  father  was  Thomas  Pope,  of  Pad- 
stow,  Cornwall,  England,  and  his  mother, 
Annie  Hase,  of  Barnstaple,  Devon,  England. 
His  grandfather  was  a  substantial  yeoman, 
who  occupied  his  own  estate.  Joseph  was 
the  sixth  and  youngest  son,  and  his  brothers 
almost  all  distinguished  themselves  in  their 
professions  and  callings.  He  received  his 
education  at  West  Hore,  parish  of  Plym- 
stock,  Devon,  England,  and  landed  in  Prince 
Edward  Island  in  1819,  one  year  later  than 
his  brothers,  William  and  John,  who  had  es- 
tablished themselves  there  as  merchants  and 
shipowners.  John  returned  to  England  in 
1823,  and  William  in  1828,  leaving  Joseph  to 
carry  on  the  business  on  his  own  account 
at  Bedeque,  where  he  afterwards  remained 
for  thirty-two  years.  In  1830  he  was  elect- 
ed to  represent  Prince  county  in  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly,  and  occupied  a  seat  in  the 
house  for  twenty-three  consecutive  years, 
during  which  period  he  was  twice  speaker 
for  two  full  terms.  In  June,  1839,  he  was 
appointed  to  a  seat  in  the  Executive  Council, 


and  in  1851,  upon  the  introduction  of  re- 
sponsible government,  was  reappointed  to 
the  Executive  Council,  and  appointed  trea- 
surer of  the  island.  In  1831  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  justice  of  the  peace;  in  1832,  a 
commissioner  for  taking  special  bail,  and 
for  the  recovery  of  small  debts;  also  a 
sub -collector  of  customs,  and  collector  of 
inland  revenue  at  Bedeque ;  in  1833,  a 
deputy  receiver  of  land  tax  for  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island;  in  1837,  a  high  sheriff  of 
Prince  county;  in  1843,  a  commissioner 
under  the  Act  for  the  Belief  of  Insolvent 
Debtors;  in  1842,  a  commissioner  for  man- 
aging public  shares  in  Steamboat  Com- 
pany; and  in  1844,  a  commissioner  of  Oyer 
and  Terminer.  In  1838,  the  Hon  Mr.  Pope 
was  sent  to  Canada,  with  the  Hon.  J.  H. 
Howland,  Joseph  Howe,  Sir  William  Young, 
Dr.  Dalrymple,  and  others,  to  confer  with 
Lord  Durham  regarding  federal  union,  and 
he  received  the  special  approbation  of  His 
Majesty  William  IV.,  for  upholding  the 
laws  of  the  colony.  In  1847,  with  the  Hon. 
Edward  Palmer  (now  chie*.  j.  v  "--was 
sent  by  the  inhabitants  with  a  petition  ^  _ 
Majesty,  signed  by  four  thousand  two  hun- 
dred electors,  and  approved  of  by  the  legis- 
lature, praying  for  the  removal  of  Lieut. - 
Governor  Hunt-ley;  and  whilst  in  England, 
he  conferred  with  Lord  Gray  with  regard  to 
the  introduction  of  responsible  government, 
of  which  he  was  always  an  ardent  advocate. 
On  his  return  to  the  island  with  Sir  Donald 
Campbell  (anew  governor),  he  received  the 
thanks  of  the  Assembly  and  people.  As  a 
member  of  the  Assemby,  he  originated  the 
erection  of  the  Colonial  Building,  and  ob- 
tained, through  the  influence  of  Lady  Mary 
Fitzroy,  a  grant  from  the  Imperial  govern- 
ment towards  the  erection  of  an  insane  asv- 
lum.  With  Dr.  Dalrymple,  he  obtained  "a 
satisfactory  settlement  of  the  glebe  lands, 
and  was  chiefly  instrumental  in  bringing  in 
the  Boad  Compensation  Act.  In  1838  he 
moved  the  resolution  for  the  separation  of 
the  Legislative  and  Executive  councils.  In 
1853,  Hon.  Mr.  Pope  resigned  office,  and 
was  absent  from  the  island  for  about  fif- 
teen years.  In  1868  he  returned,  and  in 
1870  he  was  re- appointed  to  his  old  office  of 
treasurer  and  manager  of  the  Savings  Bank. 
In  1873,  after  confederation,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Dominion  government  do- 
minion auditor  and  manager  of  the  Savings 
Bank,  and  his  appointment  was  confirmed 
by  order-in-council  in  November  of  the 


418 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


same  year.  But  the  Hon.  Mr.  Pope  being 
a  staunch  Conservative,  he  was  dismissed 
from  this  office  by  the  Mackenzie  govern- 
ment a  few  weeks  after  they  came  into 
power.  However,  he  was  almost  immedi- 
ately afterwards  appointed  provincial  trea- 
surer by  the  Island  government,  and  two 
years  later,  commissioner  of  Crown  and  Pub- 
lic lands,  which  office  he  held  until  his  re- 
appointment  as  auditor  and  manager  of  the 
Savings  Bank,  in  June,  1880.  On  the  30th 
of  June,  1883,  he  retired  from  office,  and 
has  since  resided  at  Summerville,  Prince 
Edward  Island.  The  Hon.  Mr.  Pope  has 
for  many  years  taken  an  interest  in  military 
affairs.  As  early  as  1828,  he  was  appointed 
captain  in  the  Prince  county  militia;  in 
1837,  he  was  major  commanding;  and  in 
1853,  he  was  gazetted  lieutenant-colonel. 
In  religion,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Church 
of  England.  He  has  been  married  three 
times,  but  had  no  children  except  by  his 
first  wife,  Lucy,  who  was  a  daughter  of 
Captain  Colledge,  of  the  First  Royal  Regi- 
ment of  foot,  of  which  the  Duke  of  Kent  was 
colonel.  His  only  children,  William  Henry, 
and  James  Colledge,  are  both  mentioned  in 
this  volume.  He  spent  the  year  1848  in 
Great  Britain,  and  there  married  Eliza  M. 
Cooke,  of  Liverpool,  his  present  wife.  In 
1853  he  fitted  up  a  vessel  and  started  for 
Australia,  but  owing  to  the  sufferings  of  his 
wife  from  seasickness,  had  to  abandon  the 
voyage  at  Liverpool,  where  he  then  re- 
mained for  the  next  fifteen  years. 

McCalluiii,  George  Alexander, 
M.D.,  Dunnville,  Ontario,  was  born  in  To- 
ronto, on  the  23rd  April,  1843.  His  parents 
were  George  McCallum,  who  was  a  native 
of  Jedburg,  Scotland;  and  Jane  Sangster, 
of  London,  England.  The  father's  family 
were  of  Highland  origin,  and  the  mother's 
Lowland  Scotch.  Dr.  McCallum  was  edu- 
cated at  Stouffville,  Ontario,  and  at  the  age 
of  seventeen,  having  gained  a  second-class 
certificate  he  began  teaching  school,  and 
for  two  years  taught  at  Ringwood,  town- 
ship of  Markham.  He  then  took  up  the 
study  of  medicine,  under  the  late  Dr.  An- 
drew Lloyd,  at  Stouffville,  and  graduated 
M.D.  at  Victoria  University,  Cobourg,  in 
1866,  and  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. He  moved  to  Dunnville  in  1868, 
sirce  which  time  he  has  enjoyed  a  large 
prfctne.  In  1882  Dr.  McCallum  entered 
pol.ticil  life  and  contested  the  county  of 
MoLck  for  a  seat  in  the  Dominion  parlia- 


ment, against  Lachlan  McCallum,  but  the 
county  having  been  gerrymandered  a  short 
time  before,  he  was  defeated  by  a  small 
majority.  In  1887,  at  the  general  election 
of  that  year,  the  doctor  again  presented 
himself  for  parliamentary  honors,  but  was 
defeated  by  Arthur  Boyle.  This  time  the 
county  had  been  further  manipulated  by 
the  new  Franchise  Act.  He  has  always 
been  a  staunch  Liberal;  and  in  religion  he 
is  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
Dr.  McCallum  was  married  to  Flora  Eakins, 
of  Sparta,  Ontario,  on  the  21st  September, 
1870,  by  whom  four  children  have  been 
born,  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Wallace,  Rev.  Robert,  Pastor  West 
Presbyterian  Church,  Toronto,  was  born  on 
the  25th  of  April,  1820,  at  Castleblaney, 
county  Monaghan,  Ireland.  His  people 
were  originally  from  Ayrshire,  Scotland, 
and  like  the  Ulster  Presbyterians  generally 
are  called  the  Scotch-Irish.  His  father, 
Samuel  Wallace,  was  in  early  manhood 
chosen  as  an  elder,  and  long  held  a  leading 
position  in  the  church  as  such.  For  many 
years  he  acted  as  superintendent  of  a  Sab- 
bath school,  and  also  conducted  a  prayer- 
meeting  at  his  own  house,  where  the  young 
people  were  often  examined  in  the  Shorter 
and  Brown's  catechisms.  He  was  often  sent 
for  to  visit  the  sick,  and  to  draw  up  wills 
for  the  dying,  and  was  the  kind  and  sym- 
pathizing friend  of  the  poor  and  afflicted, 
Roman  Catholic  as  well  as  Protestant.  He 
was  greatly  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him 
as  a  man  of  most  loving  and  amiable  dispo- 
sition, and  of  great  spirituality  of  mind, 
who  held  constant  and  intimate  communion 
with  his  God  and  Saviour.  Mr.  Wallace's 
mother,  Agnes  Stephenson,  was  born  at 
Poyntzpass,  county  Armagh.  Her  brothers 
had  as  tutor  a  French  officer  of  the  old  re- 
gime. Her  elder  brother,  Robert,  bought  a 
commission  as  lieutenant  in  the  regular 
army,  and  was  shot  in  the  battle  of  Coruna, 
under  Sir  John  Moore,  and  died  in  London 
on  his  way  home.  Her  younger  brother, 
Thomas,  was  for  some  years  a  Presbyterian 
minister  in  Dublin,  but  died  early.  Robert, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  the  youngest 
of  four  sons  and  five  daughters.  His  father 
and  family  emigrated  to  Canada,  in  1829, 
while  he  was  still  a  little  boy,  and  he  at- 
tended school  in  Toronto  for  some  time,  his 
teacher  being  the  late  Mr.  Barber,  afterwards 
secretary  of  the  School  Board.  The  school 
was  then  called  the  Central  School,  on  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


419 


corner  of  Adelaide  and  Jarvis  streets,  and  it 
ultimately  became  the  Collegiate  Institute. 
His  father  purchased  two  hundred  acres  of 
college  land,  being  No.  1,  third  concession 
East  Chinguacousy,  where  Mr. Wallace  lived 
some  years,  attending  the  public  school 
there.  He  was  early  dedicated  to  the  Gos- 
pel ministry  by  his  father.  When  about 
twelve  years  of  age  he  read  the  life  of  Kev. 
Xievi  Parsons,  the  first  missionary  to  the 
Jews  of  Palestine  sent  out  by  the  American 
Board  from  New  England,  and  he  then  de- 
sired to  be  a  missionary  to  the  Jews  of 
Palestine.  But  years  after,  when  studying 
for  the  ministry,  Rev.  William  Rintoul,  of 
Streetsville,  said  to  him  that^  we  needed  all 
our  young  men  for  Canada,  and  he  then  re- 
solved to  give  up  that  primary  desire  of  his 
lieart.  Rev.  Angus  McColl,  now  of  Chat- 
ham, Ontario,  was  the  first  of  the  Canadians 
who  studied  wholly  in  Canada  for  the  Pres- 
byterian ministry.  He  began  in  1835.  The 
Synod  appointed  Dr.  John  Rae,  principal  of 
the  Grammar  school  at  Hamilton,  to  take 
charge  of  any  young  men  who  might  wish 
to  study  for  the  ministry.  Mr.  Wallace  be- 
gan his  studies  under  Dr.  Rae  in  February, 
1838,  and  continued  under  his  care  during 
1838,  1839,  and  1840,  taking  the  lead  as 
head  of  the  Grammar  school  most  of  the 
time  (Mr.  McColl  taking  lessons  in  private). 
During  1841  he  studied  with  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Rintoul,  of  Streetsville,  and  Mr.  Adam  Simp- 
son, of  the  Grammar  school.  In  February, 
1842,  Queen's  College  was  opened,  and  Mr. 
Wallace,  with  six  others,  entered  the  theo- 
logical classes  under  Rev.  Dr.  Liddell,  prin- 
cipal, while  also  attending  the  Greek  class 
under  professor  Campbell,  along  with  John 
Mowat,  now  professor  in  Queen's  College. 
Mr.  Wallace  attended  Queen's  College  dur- 
ing three  sessions,  when,  because  of  the  dis- 
ruption in  Scotland,  he  and  five  others — 
that  is  six  of  the  seven  theological  students 
— left  Queen's  College  and  joined  the  Free 
Church  of  Canada,  formed  in  June,  1844. 
Rev.  Dr.  Charles  King,  of  Glasgow,  was 
sent  out  by  the  Free  Church  as  professor  of 
theology  in  the  new  Free  Church  College 
at  Toronto,  called  Knox  College,  after  the 
heroic  founder  of  the  Church  of  Scotland. 
The  synod  appointed  Rev.  Henry  Esson 
jid  Rev.  William  Rintoul  to  assist  the  Rev. 
£>r.  King.  The  first  session,  1844-5,  was 
held  in  a  small  private  house,  the  residence 
of  Professor  Esson,  on  James  street,  Toron- 
to, and  was  attended  by  fourteen  students. 


That  was  the  last  year  of  Mr.  Wallace's 
course.  In  April,  1845,  he  began  his  preach- 
ing tours  over  the  land,  and  as  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Rintoul  wished  the  three  young  men 
who  had  finished  their  studies  (Messrs.  Mc- 
Coll, McKinnon  and  Wallace)  to  give  at 
least  a  year  to  mission  work,  Mr.  Wallace 
resolved  to  carry  out  his  wishes,  and  he  re- 
fused all  calls  to  settle  as  a  pastor  until  after 
fifteen  months  of  most  laborious  work.  The 
Rev.  Mr.  Rintoul  advised  him  to  accept  the 
next  call,  as  he  saw  that  his  health  was 
breaking  down  with  overwork  and  priva- 
tion. During  that  time  he  travelled  about 
six  thousand  miles  on  foot  or  on  horseback, 
preached  about  four  hundred  times,  and 
visited  several  hundred  Presbyterian  fami- 
lies scattered  over  the  country  from  Kings- 
ton to  Goderich.  The  roads  were  then  in 
a  primitive  condition,  and  Mr.  WTallace  often 
travelled  through  rain  and  deep  mud,  his 
horse  and  himself  covered  with  mud;  and 
the  fatigue  was  so  great  that  he  broke  down 
several  horses,  and,  at  the  same  time,  occa- 
sionally went  without  dinner  in  the  new 
settlements.  He  thus  organised  or  sup- 
plied in  their  earlier  stages  a  large  number 
of  small  congregations  near  Toronto,  in 
Scarboro',  Markham,  Vaughan,  King,  West 
Gwilliambury,  Bradford,  Inisfil,  Chingua- 
cousy, Toronto  Township,  Esquesing,  Tra- 
falgar, Oakville,  etc.,  and  a  few  times  Strat- 
ford and  other  places  up  to  Goderich,  Lon- 
don Township  and  Westminster,  besides 
preaching  at  Kingston,  Belleville  and  places 
north  of  it.  On  the  15th  July,  1846,  Mr. 
Wallace  was  ordained  at  Keene,  Otonabee, 
a  place  at  that  time  very  subject  to  fever  and 
ague;  and,  as  his  constitution  was  very 
much  run  down,  he  was  only  three  weeks 
there  when  he  was  stricken  down  by  that 
disease  till  the  close  of  the  year  1847,  when 
the  doctor  declared  he  was  in  danger  of  par- 
alysis if  he  attempted  to  preach  any  more, 
and  ordered  him  to  return  home  and  recruit. 
He  remained  at  his  mother's  during  that 
winter,  and  regained  his  health,  though 
with  oceasional  symptoms  of  the  old  trouble. 
During  the  summer  of  1848  he  was  sent  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Rintoul  to  take  charge  of  the 
Free  Church  at  the  town  of  Niagara,  a  place 
free  from  malaria,  and  while  there  was 
greatly  benefited.  Towards  the  close  of  that 
summer  he  was  advised  to  visit  Ingersoll, 
and  preach  in  a  new  church  without  a  pas- 
tor. He  did  so,  and  was  called  and  settled 
there  in  January,  1849.  The  congregation 


420 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


grew  from  being  a  handful  of  people  to  be 
a  large,  flourishing  centre,  and  after  some 
years  the  church  had  to  be  enlarged,  which 
was  done  by  erecting  a  gallery,  without  ven- 
tilators. The  result  was  that  soon  after  the 
re-opening,  owing  to  the  great  heat  from 
stove  pipes  meeting  hi  front  of  the  pulpit, 
Mr.  Wallace  took  tonsillitis,  order g  y man's 
sore  throat ;  and,  after  trying  various  reme- 
dies, was  advised  to  resign  his  charge  and 
visit  Britain  for  the  removal  of  his  trouble. 
In  January,  1860  he  did  so,  and  accepted 
the  situation  of  agent  for  the  French  Cana- 
dian Missionary  Society.  In  less  than  five 
months  he  collected  over  $4,000  for  that 
mission  in  Canada,  nearly  double  what  had 
been  collected  the  previous  year.  On  the 
30th  June,  1860,  he  left  for  Britain,  by  the 
Allan  steamer  Hibernian.  He  collected  in 
Scotland  and  England  between  $4,000  and 
$5,000,  and  introduced  the  mission  among 
the  higher  classes  in  London,  by  addressing 
the  annual  soiree  of  the  Evangelical  Alli- 
ance, and  getting  subscriptions  from  such 
men  as  Lord  Lawrence  and  the  late  Duke 
of  Marlborough.  He  had  reason  to  believe 
that  he  could  have  raised  twice  as  much  in 
an  ordinary  year;  but  that  year  about  $1,- 
500,000  had  been  contributed  in  England 
for  three  special  objects — the  famine  strick- 
en in  India,  the  friends  of  the  massacred 
Christians  at  Damascus  and  on  Lebanon, 
and  towards  the  sixty  thousand  silk  weavers 
at  Coventry,  thrown  out  of  employment  by 
free  trade  with  France.  He  also  preached  in 
Dr.  Cooke's  church,  Belfast,  and  got  a  grant 
of  £100  a  year  from  the  Irish  Presbyterian 
church,  which  was  afterwards  increased  to 
£200  a  year.  After  an  absence  of  eleven 
months  he  arrived  home  on  the  23rd  of 
May,  1861,  fully  restored  in  health  and 
vigor.  He  continued  to  labor  for  the  French 
Canadian  Mission  till  June,  1862,  when  he 
accepted  a  call  to  Thorold  and  Drummond- 
ville,  where  he  labored  for  over  five  years. 
During  that  time  the  membership  of  the 
church  at  Thorold  more  than  doubled,  and 
at  Drummondville  was  about  trebled.  In 
October,  1867,  he  received  a  call  to  West 
Church,  Toronto,  where  he  was  inducted  by 
the  presbytery  on  the  6th  November,  1867. 
Since  then  he  has  received  about  one  thou- 
sand eight  hundred  into  church  fellowship, 
and  a  new,  commodious  and  well-built  brick 
church,  seating  about  one  thousand,  has 
been  erected,  and  a  good  work  carried  on. 
West  Church  has  now  a  membership  of 


about  seven  hundred  and  forty  communi- 
cants. In  February,  1839,  while  Mr.  Wal- 
lace was  a  student  at  Hamilton,  the  late^ 
John  Dougall,  of  Montreal,  gave  an  ad- 
dress on  the  duty  of  Christians  to  give  up 
the  use  of  all  intoxicants,  in  order  to  set  an 
example  to  others,  and  thus  prevent  them: 
from  becoming  drunkards — on  the  princi- 
ple set  forth  by  the  great  apostle  in  Romans 
14th,  and  1st  Corinthians,  8th  chapter.  Mr. 
Wallace  at  once  accepted  the  principle,  and 
took  the  total  abstinence  pledge,  and  ever 
since  it  has  been  one  of  the  chief  aims  of  his 
life  to  promote  the  cause  of  temperance,, 
through  total  abstinence,  as  the  only  effec- 
tive way  of  preventing  drunkenness.  He 
often  lectured,  even  while  a  student,  and 
still  more  frequently  since,  and  several 
times  he  has  published  sermons  and  pamph- 
lets on  the  subject,  such  as  "  Temperance 
from  the  Bible  Standpoint,"  while  labour- 
ing, as  a  member  of  the  executive  of  the  On- 
tario Temperance  and  Prohibitory  League,, 
to  secure  the  Scott  Act,  which  was  carried 
at  Ottawa  as  the  result  of  a  petition  signed 
by  about  five  hundred  thousand  persons. 
While  residing  at  Ingersoll  he  leavened  the 
county  of  Oxford  with  his  views,  and  thus 
prepared  the  way  for  the  Scott  Act  there. 
A  few  years  ago  he  was  appointed  to  pre- 
pare a  tract  for  the  executive  of  the  Ontario 
Alliance,  entitled,  "  The  Lesson  of  Statis- 
tics; or,  Facts  and  Figures  on  the  Temper- 
ance Question,"  five  thousand  copies  of 
which  were  circulated.  Since  then  he  read 
a  paper,  by  request,  before  the  Toronto 
Ministerial  Association,  on  "  The  Scriptural 
Argument  for  Prohibition,"  which  was  pub- 
lished, by  request,  in  the  Canada  Citizen,. 
the  organ  of  the  Alliance.  He  also  wrote, 
"  The  Scott  Act  and  Prohibition  the  Hope 
of  Canada,"  published  by  the  Methodist 
Book  Room.  Soon  after  the  confederation  of 
the  provinces,  Mr.  Wallace  wrote  a  pamph- 
let entitled  "  The  New  Dominion,"  giving  a 
description  of  the  several  provinces,  with- 
their  various  characteristics  and  resources. 
He  has  also  written  a  good  deal  for  rl  he 
Presbyterian  and  other  papers,  on  Missions, 
the  Sabbath,  etc.  His  life  has  been  a  very 
busy  one,  a  hard  worker,  working  generally 
twelve  to  fifteen  hours  a  day  ever  since  he 
entered  on  his  course  of  studies  for  the  minis- 
try. He  has  received  about  three  thousand 
into  church  membership,  and  supplied  or 
fostered  a  large  number  of  stations  in  their 
earlier  stages.  He  has  several  times  been. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


421 


moderator  of  his  own  presbytery,  at  Lon- 
don, Hamilton,  and  Toronto,  and  has  been 
honored  by  his  brethren  by  being  made 
president  of  the  Toronto  General  Ministeri- 
al Association,  and  also  president  of  the  To- 
ronto Presbyterian  Ministerial  Association. 
He  was  married  at  Ingersoll,  Ontario,  on 
the  3rd  September,  1850,  to  Marianne  Bar- 
ker. Mr.  Wallace  had  only  one  son,  now 
the  Eev.  F.  H.  Wallace,  M.A.,  B.D.,  born 
at  Ingersoll,  county  of  Oxford,  on  the  5th 
of  September,  1851.  He  has  had  a  very 
brilliant  career  as  a  student.  After  study- 
ing some  years  at  the  High  School  of  Drum- 
mondville,  Niagara  Falls,  he  came  out 
•"  head  boy "  of  Upper  Canada  College  in 
1869,  carrying  off  the  Governor-General's 
prize,  and  several  other  prize  books.  Dur- 
ing his  course  at  Toronto  University,  he 
held  the  three  first  scholarships  in  classics, 
modern  languages,  and  general  proficiency, 
and  when  he  graduated  he  obtained  the 
gold  medal  in  classics.  He  took  part  of 
his  theological  course  in  Knox  College,  To- 
xonto,  and  studied  two  sessions  at  Drew 
Theological  Seminary,  New  Jersey,  where 
he  took  his  degree  of  B.D.  Then  he  went 
to  Germany,  and  spent  the  session  of  1876- 
77  at  Leipsic  University.  He  has  since 
been  in  the  Methodist  ministry  in  Toronto, 
dobourg  and  Peterboro'.  He  has  lately 
been  appointed  professor  of  New  Testament 
Exegesis  in  Victoria  University,  Cobourg. 
Mr.  Wallace  had  only  one  daughter  who 
grew  up  to  maturity.  She  held  a  first  posi- 
tion all  through  her  course  of  study,  and 
was  married  in  December,  1879,  to  Eev. 
Donald  Tait,  of  Berlin,  Ontario,  and  died 
in  September,  1881,  greatly  beloved,  leav- 
ing one  little  boy  behind  her,  Francis  Wal- 
lace Tait,  who,  through  the  kindness  of  his 
father,  is  still  left  with  his  grandparent^ 

Dobcll,  Richard  Reid,  Turn,  r 
Merchant,  Quebec,  was  born  in  1837,  at 
Liverpool,  England.  His  father,  George 
Dobell,  was  a  successful  tradesman  in  Liver- 
pool, and  well  known  for  his  strict  integrity 
and  stern  independence.  Eichard  Dobell, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch,  secured  his  edu- 
cation at  the  Liverpool  College,  and  came 
out  to  Quebec  in  August,  1857.  For  many 
years  he  carried  on  the  business  of  timber 
merchant,  under  the  name  of  Eichard  Dobell 
.&  Co.;  but  since  1885  the  firm  has  been  con- 
ducted under  the  title  of  Dobell,  Beckett  & 
Co.,  with  a  branch  house  in  London,  Eng- 
land. Mr.  Dobell  has  always  been  deeply 


interested  in  the  trade  and  prosperity  of 
Quebec.  He  served  as  president  of  the 
Board  of  Trade,  and  was  delegated  by  the 
Dominion  Board  of  Trade  to  organize  a 
conference  in  London  to  consider  the  advis- 
ability of  a  closer  fiscal  policy  between  Great 
Britain  and  her  colonies.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Council  of  the  Imperial 
Federation  League  in  London,  and  is  a 
firm  advocate  of  a  closer  union  being  estab- 
lished between  all  the  British  colonies.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Quebec  Harbor 
Commission  since  it  was  re-organized  by  the 
government,  and  was  mainly  instrumental 
in  the  construction  of  the  Louise  basin  and 
docks.  He  is  a  Conservative  in  politics ;  and 
in  religion  a  member  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land. He  is  married  to  Elizabeth  Frances, 
eldest  daughter  of  Sir  David  MacPherson, 
and  has  three  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Currier,  Cliarle§  William,  Manu- 
facturer, Levis,  province  of  Quebec,  was 
born  at  St.  Henri  de  Lauzon,  county  Levis, 
on  the  20th  January,  1839.  He  was  one  of 
the  first  pupils  of  the  College  of  Le"vis,  hav- 
ing entered  that  institution  in  the  year  it 
was  founded.  He  went  through  the  usual 
course  of  studies,  and  showed  himself  one 
of  the  brightest  pupils  of  the  school.  In 
1855  he  took  a  situation  as  clerk  in  the  com- 
mercial house  of  L.  &  A.  Carrier,  where  he 
remained  six  years,  gaining  the  highest  step 
in  the  ladder  by  hard  work,  integrity,  and 
attention  to  business.  In  1861  he  opened  a 
store  on  his  own  account,  and  in  a  few  years 
was  at  the  head  of  an  extensive  business.  In 
the  year  1864,  a  young  mechanic,  of  Levis, 
Mr.  Laine",  asked  Mr.  Carrier  to  give  him 
the  help  of  his  experience  and  money  to  es- 
tablish an  iron  foundry  in  Levis.  Many  a 
less  enterprising  or  more  timid  man  would 
have  refused,  under  the  specious  plea  that 
he  was  doing  a  prosperous  business,  and 
could  see  no  reason  why  he  should  abandon 
a  sure  trade  to  embark  into  a  risky  under- 
taking. Not  so  with  Mr.  Carrier  ;  he  saw 
at  a  glance  that  the  enterprise  had  a  good 
chance  of  success,  would  be  the  means  of 
giving  employment  to  a  large  number  of 
people,  and  enthusiastically  concentrated 
all  his  skill  and  interest  in  the  advancement 
of  the  town  of  Le'vis.  Time  amply  proved 
that  he  was  right  in  his  surmises.  In  1872, 
eight  years  after  its  foundation,  the  small 
foundry  had  grown  up  to  the  immense 
"  Carrier-Lain  £  "  works,  known  all  over  the 
country.  In  this  undertaking  Mr  Carrier 


422 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


gave  the  full  measure  of  his  capabilities  as 
a  business  man  and  manager.  When  he 
thought  of  establishing  this  new  industry  the 
building  of  wooden  ships,  which  had  been 
almost  the  sole  support  of  the  working 
population,  was  in  the  wane,  so  much  so,  in 
fact,  that  the  question  was  anxiously  asked 
how  the  deserted  ship- yards  were  to  be  again 
put  in  operation,  and  what  would  be  the  out- 
come of  the  enforced  idleness  of  willing 
workers.  Mr.  Carrier  came  just  in  time  to 
raise  the  courage  of  the  inhabitants  of  Levis 
and  put  new  life  into  trade.  He  had  to  create 
and  organize  everything.  After  twenty  years 
of  ceaseless  toil  he  has  succeeded  in  gather- 
ing as  good  a  gang  of  iron  workers  as  can 
be  found  in  the  province,  and  to-day  the 
Carrier-Lain^  works  are  among  the  first  in 
the  Dominion  in  extent,  perfected  machin- 
ery, and  finish  and  solidity  of  work.  Be- 
sides making  a  financial  success  of  his  en- 
terprise, Mr.  Carrier  has  earned  the  gratitude 
of  his  countrymen,  for  having  opened  the 
doors  of  his  works  to  the  aspiring  youth  de- 
sirous to  learn.  In  a  country  where  indus- 
trial schools  are  in  an  embryo  state,  it  is 
opportune  to  recall  to  the  memory  of  those 
who  will  come  after  us  the  name  of  the  man 
who  was  the  first  to  open  new  avenues  to 
the  young  generation-  The  Carrier-Laine 
workshop  has  been  a  nursery  from  which 
have  issued  mechanics  of  all  kinds,  who  are 
eagerly  sought  after  in  all  the  great  centres 
of  industry.  How  many  families  owe  the 
future  of  their  children  to  this  good  man  ? 
Mr.  Carrier  was  beloved  by  his  employees, 
chiefly  on  account  of  the  interest  he  took  in 
their  welfare.  For  each  and  every  one  of 
them  he  had  a  word  of  encouragement  or  a 
good  advice.  Unlike  the  majority  of  em- 
ployers who  have  become  wealthy,  he  knew 
and  instinctively  felt  that  a  little  considera- 
tion to  an  employee  at  the  right  time  is 
never  out  of  place.  In  times  of  depression 
he  never  closed  his  works,  even  temporarily. 
"  Profits  are  not  large  these  times,"  he  would 
say,  "  but  my  workmen  earn  a  living,  and  I 
am  glad  of  it."  Such  an  example  might  be 
advantageously  followed  in  many  quarters. 
In  the  midst  of  his  numerous  occupations, 
Mr.  Carrier  found  time  to  devote  himself  to 
everything  tending  to  better  the  condition 
of  the  working  classes.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Permanent  Building  Society 
of  Le'vis,  and  of  the  Loan  and  Investment 
Society  of  Quebec,  having  been  a  director 
of  the  latter  company  from  its  foundation 


until  his  death.  Since  1870  he  held  a  seat 
in  the  Council  of  Arts  and  Manufactures, 
over  which  he  presided  for  two  years.  He 
devoted  both  his  time  and  wealth  to  acts 
of  charity  and  works  of  public  inter- 
est. In  1882  he  gave  the  town  of  Le'vis 
a  bronze  statue  of  its  founder,  which  is 
erected  in  Deziel  square,  and  the  muni- 
cipal authorities  have  had  the  name  of  the 
generous  donor  engraved  on  the  pedestal 
of  the  monument.  Worn  out  by  inces- 
sant labour,  Mr.  Carrier  went  to  California 
to  improve  his  health,  but  after  a  few  months 
sojourn  in  that  country  he  returned  to  his 
home,  where  he  died  on  the  18th  of  Septem- 
ber, 1887.  In  1864  Mr.  Carrier  was  mar- 
ried to  Henriette  Camille,  the  only  daugh- 
ter of  Louis  Carrier,  who  was  the  first 
mayor  of  Le'vis,  and  occupied  that  position 
for  seven  consecutive  years. 

Sedgewick,  Robert,  Q.C.,  Barrister, 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  is  a  Scotchman  by 
birth,  having  been  born  in  Aberdeen  on  the 
10th  May,  1848.  His  father,  the  Rev.  Rob- 
ert  Sedgewick,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Paisley, 
Scotland,  was  a  minister  of  the  United 
Presbyterian  church,  and  for  several  years 
pastor  of  the  U.  P.  Belmont  street  Church, 
Aberdeen.  In  1849  he  came  to  Nova  Sco- 
tia, and  was  inducted  as  the  minister  of 
the  congregation  of  Musquodoboit,  where 
he  died  in  1885.  His  wife  was  Anne  Mid- 
dleton,  a  native  of  Perth,  Scotland.  The 
Rev.  Dr.  Sedgewick  was  the  author  of  sev- 
eral works,  which  at  the  time  of  their  publi- 
cation attracted  considerable  attention ; 
among  others,  that  on  "  The  Proper  Sphere 
and  Influence  of  Women  in  Christian  So- 
ciety;" "Amusements  for  Youth,"  and 
"  The  Papacy:  the  Idolatry  of  Rome."  His 
eldest  son,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Sedgewick, 
of  Tatamagouche,  N.S.,a  graduate  of  King's 
College,  Aberdeen,  was,  in  the  year  1886, 
the  moderator  of  the  Synod  of  the  Presby- 
terian church  in  the  Maritime  provinces, 
and  is  a  leading  member  of  that  commun  - 
ion.  Robert  Sedgewick  entered  as  an  un- 
dergraduate at  Dalhousie  College,  Halifax, 
N.S.,  in  November,  1863,  where  he  obtained 
the  degree  of  B.A.  in  May,  1867.  In  1868, 
he  commenced  the  study  of  the  law  in  the 
office  of  the  late  John  Sandfield  Macdonald, 
premier  of  Ontario,  at  Cornwall,  and  in  No- 
vember, 1872,  he  was  called  to  the  bar  of 
Ontario.  He  was  admitted  by  Act  of  Par- 
liament to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia  in  May,. 
1873,  in  which  province  he  has  since  prac- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


423 


tised  his  profession.  In  1880  he  was  made 
a  Queen's  counsel  by  the  Dominion  govern- 
ment. In  1885  he  was  appointed  and  now 
holds  the  office  of  recorder  of  the  city  of 
Halifax.  In  1874  he  unsuccessfully  con- 
tested the  county  of  Halifax  in  the  Con- 
servative interest  for  the  local  legislature. 
He  was  for  four  years  an  alderman  of  the  city 
of  Halifax,  and  for  two  terms  he  was  a  com- 
missioner of  schools  for  the  same  city.  He 
was  for  several  years  president  of  the  Al- 
umni Association  of  Dalhousie  College,  and 
is  now  a  governor  of  that  university.  He 
is  also  lecturer  on  Equity-Jurisprudence  in 
connection  with  the  Dalhousie  Law  School. 
In  1886  he  was  vice-president  of  the  Nova 
Scotia  Barristers'  Society,  and  he  is  now  a 
member  of  its  council.  He  was  for  some 
years  secretary  of  the  North  British  Society 
and  was  eventually  its  president.  Mr. 
Sedgewick  is  a  Presbyterian  in  religion  and 
a  Liberal-Conservative  in  politics.  He  is 
at  present  the  senior  member  of  the  legal 
firm  of  Sedgewick,  Boss,  and  Sedgewick, 
Halifax,  N.S.  In  1873  he  married  Mary 
Sutherland  Mackay,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
late  William  Mackay,  of  Halifax,  N.S. 

San?§ter,  Charles, Kingston, Ontario, 
was  born  16th  July,  1822,  at  the  Navy  Yard, 
Point  Frederick,  Kingston.  His  father,  who 
was  a  shipwright  at  a  naval  station  on  one 
of  the  upper  lakes,  died  before  his  son  was 
two  years  old.  Mr.  Sangster's  education 
was  limited,  so  much  so,  indeed,  that  had  he 
not  studied  zealously  when  he  reached  man's 
estate,  we  could  not  probably  now  have  in- 
cluded his  name  among  our  Canadian  cele- 
brities. At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  left  school 
to  seek  employment,  that  he  might  aid  in 
supporting  his  mother,  and  was  received  in 
the  laboratory  of  Fort  Henry  during  the  re- 
bellion of  1838.  For  ten  years  after  this 
date  he  filled  a  humble  position  in  the  Ord- 
nance office,  Kingston.  In  1849,  seeing  no 
prospect  of  promotion,  he  resigned  and  went 
to  Amherstburg,  where  he  edited  the  Cou- 
rier until  the  death  of  its  publisher,  which 
event  occurred  in  the  following  year.  He 
then  returned  to  Kingston,  and  filled  the 
position  of  sub-editor  of  the  Whig,  which 
office  he  held  till  1861,  when  he  resigned. 
In  1864  he  joined  the  staff  of  reporters  for 
the  Daily  News,  and  in  1867  again  resigned 
his  post  to  enter  the  civil  service  at  Ottawa. 
Through  his  writings,  years  ago,  he  estab- 
lished his  claim  to  a  place  in  the  front  rank 
of  Canadian  poets.  In  1856  he  published 


"  The  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Saguenay,  and 
other  poems."  Of  this  work,  Mrs.  Susanna 
Moodie  says:  "  If  the  world  receives  them 
with  as  much  pleasure  as  they  have  been 
read  by  me,  your  name  will  rank  high  among 
the  gifted  sons  of  song.  If  a  native  of  Can- 
ada, she  may  well  be  proud  of  her  bard, 
who  has  sung  in  such  lofty  strains  the  na- 
tural beauties  of  his  native  land  ;"  while 
the  London  National  Magazine  remarks: 
"  Well  may  the  Canadians  be  proud  of  such 
contributions  to  their  infant  literature;  well 
may  they  be  forward  to  recognize  his  lively 
imagination,  his  bold  style,  and  the  fulness 
of  his  imagery.  .  .  .  There  is  much  of 
the  spirit  of  Wordsworth  in  this  writer,  only 
the  tone  is  religious  instead  of  being  philoso- 
phical. ...  In  some  sort,  and  accord- 
ing to  his  degree,  he  may  be  regarded  as 
the  Wordsworth  of  Canada."  In  1860  he 
published  "  Hesperus,  and  other  poems  and 
lyrics."  In  "  Hesperus,"  a  legend  of  the 
stars,  it  is  said:  "The  poet  essays  a  lofty 
flight."  Why  not?  How  otherwise  could 
he  obtain  a  firm  grasp  of  his  subject,  a  mat- 
ter too  little  thought  of  by  many  of  our 
poets  who  bring  the  accessories  so  promin- 
ently forward  that  the  subject  is  in  danger 
of  being  utterly  eclipsed?  Even  so  is  it  with 
this  poem,  "  Hesperus."  Though  Mr.  Sang- 
ster  took  a  high  flight,  aye,  even  to  the 
stars,  to  grasp  his  subject — and  though  he 
may  have  grasped  it  in  his  own  mind,  he 
has  failed  to  delineate  it  clearly.  We  think 
in  writing  this  poem,  Mr.  Sangster  has  been 
unduly  swayed  by  some  critic  who  was  in 
love  with  the  misty  style  of  verse- writing  so 
popular  at  the  present  day,  which  is  con- 
sidered most  beautiful  when  most  incom- 
prehensible, as  he  does  not  often  err  in  this 
way.  It  would  be  well  if  the  young  aspir- 
ant for  the  laurel- wreath  would  remember 
that  poetic  words  thrown  together  promis- 
cuously, or  even  with  some  attempt  at  form ; 
aye,  even  with  a  perfect  lyrical  ring,  will 
not  make  poetry,  any  more  than  a  number 
of  lovely  tints,  all  hi  perfect  harmony, 
thrown  upon  canvas  will  make  a  picture. 
There  must  be  form  as  well  as  harmony  of 
color,  and  the  subject  must  stand  boldly 
out  from  the  accessories.  We  like  much  of 
Mr.  Sangster's  writing;  besides  being  good 
descriptive  verse,  it  recalls  pleasant  scenes, 
illustrative  of  the  simple  amusements  of  the 
earlier  settlers  of  our  country,  when  there 
were  no  lectures,  concerts,  etc.,  and  folk 
spent  their  evenings  at  home,  or  at  little 


424 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


.rustic  gatherings,  such  as  described  by  our 
poet  in  the  "  Happy  Harvesters."  We 
•quote  the  following: — 

!From  hand  to  hand  the  ripened  fruit  went  round, 
Aud  rural  sports  a  pleased  acceptance  found  ; 
The  youthful  fiddler,,  on  his  three-legged  stool, 
Fancied  himself,  at  least,  an  Ole  Bull ; 
Some  easy  bumpkin,  seated  on  the  floor, 
Hunted  the  slipper  till  his  ribs  were  sore  ; 
Some  chose  the  graceful  waltz,  or  lively  reel, 
While  deeper  heads  the  chess-battalions  wheel. 

Old  grey-beards  felt  the  glow  of  youth  revive, 
Old  matrons  smiled  upon  the  human  hive  ; 
Where  life's  rare  nectar,  fit  for  gods  to  sip, 
In  forfeit-kisses,  passed  from  lip  to  lip. 

We  were  once  witnesses  of  a  scene  of  this 
description,  where  an  aged,  white-haired  son 
of  "  Auld  Scotia  "  was  called  upon  to  make 
an  oscillatory  impress  upon  the  damask 
cheek  of  a  maiden  of  sixteen  summers,  and 
when  the  performance  was  over,  the  octo- 
genarian turned  to  the  assembled  multitude 
and  said:  "  Aye,  but  isn't  that  refreshing." 
We  do  not  agree  with  the  writer  of  "  Life 
and  Times  of  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald,"  when 
he  says,  with  ill-advised  harshness,  that  Mr. 
Sangster's  verse  "  is  not  worth  a  brass  far- 
thing." In  1856,  when  Mr.  Sangster  pub- 
lished his  first  volume,  Canadian  literature 
was  in  its  infancy;  and  we  have  not  yet  ad- 
vanced so  far  that  we  can  afford  to  scoff  at 
his  unassuming  efforts  to  aid  in  a  good 
cause.  We  think  (Mr.  Collins  to  the  con- 
trary) that  there  is  much  of  Mr.  Sangster's 
work  that  is  worth  a  great  deal,  as  all  writ- 
ing must  be  that  tends  to  elevate  the  soul 
of  man;  and  Mr.  Sangster's  work,  however 
faulty  it  may  be  as  poetry,  is  decidedly  ele- 
vating. There  has  in  the  past  been  much 
poetry  written  that  is  gross  and  sensual; 
let  us  turn  our  backs  on  that,  and  foster 
the  pure  and  true,  until  our  country  has  a 
poetic  literature  without  spot  or  blemish. 
Mr.  Sangster  has  written  much  good  verse 
in  aid  of  this  achievement.  His  "  Falls  of 
the  Chaudiere  "  is  very  good,  and  we  must 
do  his  ungenerous  critic  the  justice  to  sup- 
pose that  he  never  saw  "  The  Light  in  the 
Window  Pane,"  or  he  could  not  have  made 
such  an  uncalled-for  assertion.  We  give  the 
following  : — 

A  joy  from  my  soul's  departed, 

A  oliss  from  my  heart  is  flown, 
As  weary,  weary-hearted, 

I  wander  alone,  alone  ; 
'The  night  wind  sadly  sigheth 

A  withering,  wild  refrain; 
And  my  heart  within  me  dieth, 

For  the  light  in  the  window-pane. 


The  stars  overhead  are  shining, 

As  brightly  as  e'er  they  shone, 
As  heartless,  sad,  repining, 

I  wander  alone,  alone. 
A  sudden  flash  comes  streaming, 

And  flickers  adown  the  lane  ; 
But  no  more  for  me  is  gleaming 

The  light  in  the  window-pane. 

The  voices  that  pass  me  are  cheerful, 

Men  laugh  as  the  niuht  winds  moan  ; 
They  cannot  tell  how  fearful 

'Tis  to  wander  alone,  alone  ; 
For  them  with  each  night's  returning, 

Life  singeth  its  tenderest  strain; 
Where  the  beacon  of  love  is  burning 

The  light  in  the  window-pane. 

Oh,  sorrow,  beyond  all  sorrow?, 

To  which  human  life  is  prone  ; 
Without  thee,  through  all  the  to-morrows 

To  wander  alone,  alone  I 
Oh,  dark  deserted  dwelling, 

Where  hope  like  a  lamb  was  slain, 
No  voice  from  thy  lone  walls  welling, 

No  light  in  thy  window-pane  '• 

Pathos  is  the  very  soul  of  poetry,  and  here 
we  have  it  in  abundance.  Who  that  has 
watched,  night  after  night,  when  home  re- 
turning, for  the  "  Light  in  the  Window- 
pane?"  who  will  not  feel  its  power  when 
he  realizes,  without  any  strain  of  imagina- 
tion that  the  hand  that  placed  it  there  is 
cold  and  dead  ?  All  is  dark  in  the  window- 
pane,  and  the  darkness  of  desolation  reigns 
in  the  heart  of  him  who  returns  nightly  to 
that  doubly -desolate  home.  We  cannot 
realize  this  and  not  feel  that  Mr.  Sangster's 
verse  is  well  worthy  of  the  place  in  Cana- 
dian literature  that  it  has  already  won. 

de  I. si  Brut-re,  Hon.  Pierre  Bou- 
clier,  St.  Hyacinthe,  Speaker  of  the  Legis- 
lative Council  of  the  Province  of  Quebec, 
was  born  in  St.  Hyacinthe,  on  the  5th  of 
July,  1837.  His  father,  Pierre  Boucher  de 
La  Bruere,  a  physician,  was  a  descendant 
of  Pierre  Boucher,  at  one  time  governor  of 
Three  Rivers  under  the  French  domina- 
tion; and  his  mother  was  a  descendant  of 
an  old  French  family  of  noble  extraction, 
H.  Boucher  de  La  Broquerie.  The  ances- 
tors of  Hon.  Mr.  de  La  Bruere  distinguished 
themselves  during  the  war  of  1812-13  be- 
tween England  and  the  United  States,  and 
the  latter  has  still  in  his  possession  two  flags 
presented  to  the  battalion  his  grandfather, 
Ren^  B.  de  La  Bruere,  commanded,  by 
Princess  Charlotte  of  England,  and  the 
medal  of  CMteauguay,  presented  also  to 
his  grandfather  by  Queen  Victoria.  Mr.  de 
La  Bruere  received  his  education  at  the  Col- 
lege of  St.  Hyacinthe.  In  1870  he  was  ap- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


425 


pointed  prothonotary  of  the  Superior  Court 
for  the  district  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  held 
the  position  until  1875,  when  he  resigned  to 
take  the  editorial  chair  of  the  Courier  de  St. 
jhyacinthe.  He  was  one  of  the  chief  pro- 
moters of  the  Dairymen's  Association  of  the 
province  of  Quebec,  and  has  been  its  pres- 
ident since  its  formation.  The  efforts  he 
made  to  advance  the  interests  of  this  in- 
dustry in  his  province  have  been  crowned 
with  success,  as  it  was  amply  proved  when 
the  association  met  in  annual  meeting  at 
St.  Hyacinthe,  when  the  delegates  received 
.a  right  royal  reception  at  the  hands  of 
their  president.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
chief  factors  in  the  establishment  of  beet 
root  sugar  factories  in  Canada.  In  1877  he 
was  called  to  the  Legislative  Council  of  the 
province  of  Quebec;  in  March,  1882,  Hon. 
Mr.  Chapleau  made  him  a  member  of  his 
cabinet,  and  he  was  appointed  Speaker,  to 
which  position  he  was  re-appointed  in  Jan- 
uary, 1887.  Hon.  Mr.  de  La  Bruere  is  a  life- 
long Conservative,  and  has  never  flinched 
from  his  allegiance  to  the  party.  In  his 
younger  days  he  belonged  to  the  active 
militia  of  Canada,  and  was  lieutenant  in  the 
volunteer  corps  of  St.  Hyacinthe.  He  has 
written  several  historical  and  political  pam- 
phlets, among  which  may  be  mentioned 
"  Le  Canada  sous  le  Domination  Anglaise," 
"LeSaguenay,"  "Del'Education,"  "L'Ex- 
istence  de  1'homme,"  "Le  droit  de  tester," 
and  "  L'Histoire  de  Saint  Hyacinthe."  In 
January,  1861,  he  married  Marie  Victorine 
Leclere,  daughter  of  the  late  Pierre  Edou- 
ard  Leclere,  notary  public. 

Fuliord,  Francis,  D.D.,  Lord  Bishop 
of  Montreal  and  Metropolitan  of  Canada, 
was  born  at  Sidmouth  on  the  3rd  of  June, 
1803.  He  was  the  second  son  of  Baldwin 
Fulford,  of  Great  Fulford,  and  came  of  an 
old  English  family  who  trace  back  their  an- 
cestry for  more  than  six  hundred  years. 
He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
at  Tiverton,  and  entered  Exeter  College, 
Oxford,  in  1821,  and  in  1824  took  his  de- 
gree of  B.A.,  and  was  elected  a  fellow  of 
his  college  in  the  following  year.  In  1826, 
at  Norwich  cathedral,  he  was  ordained  dea- 
con, and  priest  at  Exeter  cathedral  on  the 
22nd  of  June,  1828.  In  1830  he  married 
Mary,  daughter  of  Andrew  Berkeley  Drum- 
mond,  of  Cadland,  Hants,  and  the  lady 
Mary,  daughter  of  John,  second  earl  of 
Egmont,  and  sister  of  the  Eight  Honor- 
able Spencer  Percival,  first  lord  of  the 


treasury,  and  prime  minister  of  England, 
who  was  murdered  by  Bellingham  in  the 
lobby  of  the  House  of  Commons.  After 
filling  successive  curacies  in  two  parishes, 
Erancis  Fulford  became  rector  of  Trow- 
bridge,  in  Wiltshire,  and  there  resided  from 
1832  to  1842,  and  at  the  request  of  the 
government  acted,  for  several  years,  as  a 
magistrate.  In  1838  he  received  his  de- 
gree of  M.A.,  and  was  appointed  chaplain 
to  her  Eoyal  Highness  the  late  Duchess  of 
Gloucester.  In  1842  he  resigned  the  po- 
sition of  rector  of  Trowbridge,  and  ac- 
cepted that  of  Croydon,  in  Cambridgeshire, 
where  he  remained  until  1845,  when  he 
removed  to  Mayfair  as  minister  of  Curzon 
chapel.  This  appointment  he  held  until 
selected  by  Her  Majesty  as  the  first  bishop 
of  the  new  diocese  of  Montreal.  The  hon- 
orary degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  the  University  of  Oxford,  and  he  was 
consecrated  at  Westminster  Abbey  on  the 
25th  of  July,  1850.  On  the  12th  of  Sep- 
tember of  the  same  year  he,  with  his  wife, 
and  their  son  and  daughter,  arrived  in  Can- 
ada. At  St.  John's  he  was  met  by  the  bis- 
hop of  Quebec,  and  a  number  of  the  clergy 
and  laity  of  Montreal.  After  divine  service 
had  been  held  in  the  parish  church  at  St. 
Johns,  an  address  of  congratulation  was  pre- 
sented by  the  clergy  and  churchwardens  of 
the  Eichelieu  district,  and  the  whole  party 
were  hospitably  entertained  by  a  prominent 
layman  of  the  place.  On  his  arrival  at 
Montreal  he  was  warmly  received  by  the 
clergy  and  laity,  who  presented  several  ad- 
dresses of  welcome  expressive  of  an  earnest 
desire  to  co-operate  with  him  in  his  labors 
for  the  spread  of  the  Gospel.  On  the  fol- 
lowing Sunday,  the  15th  September,  1850, 
the  ceremony  of  the  bishop's  enthronement 
took  place  at  Christ  church,  which  thence- 
forward became  the  Anglican  cathedral  of 
the  diocese.  On  this  occasion  the  bishop 
preached  a  sermon  from  the  text:  "  Lord,  I 
will  follow  Thee  whithersoever  Thou  goest." 
It  was  remarkable  for  felicity  of  language 
and  reverence  of  style;  but  especially,  says 
a  writer,  "for  the  preacher's  modest  and 
clear  appreciation  of  the  difficult  duties  of 
his  office."  On  the  llth  of  October,  1850, 
the  Church  Society  of  the  diocese  of  Mont- 
real was  organized,  and  on  the  10th  of  Oc- 
tober, 1851,  an  auxiliary  branch  of  the 
"  Colonial  Church  and  School  Society,"  of 
London,  was  formed  for  the  district  of 
Montreal,  with  his  lordship  as  president. 


426 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


In  1860  he  was  promoted  to  the  office  of 
metropolitan  of  Canada,  which  office  he 
filled,  with  honor  to  himself  and  the  cause 
of  Christ,  until  his  death.  Bishop  Fulford 
was  one  of  the  most  self-denying,  large- 
hearted,  broad-minded  Christians  the  record 
of  whose  life  it  has  been  our  privilege  to 
read.  True  to  the  Church  of  England,  he 
was,  nevertheless,  anxious  to  promote  good 
feeling  amongst  all  denominations.  On  his 
first  landing  in  Montreal,  in  answer  to  an 
address,  he  made  the  following  remarks: — 
"  While  we  are  bound  to  seek,  to  provide  for 
the  wants  of  our  own  people,  and  I  must 
ever  remember  my  duty  to  the  church  of 
which  I  have  been  appointed  a  chief  pastor 
and  overseer,  yet  still  I  hope  to  cultivate  a 
spirit  of  charity  to  all  around  me."  With 
this  end  in  view  he  accepted  the  suggestion 
that  denominational  distinctions  should  not 
be  perpetuated  in  the  grave,  and  conse- 
crated the  cemetery  of  Montreal  that  was 
free  to  all  who  wished  for  a  resting-place 
therein.  There  came  a  time  when  Christ 
Church,  the  cathedral  church  of  his  dio- 
cese, was  so  completely  demolished  by  fire 
that  it  became  necessary  to  build  a  new 
one,  and  of  this  building  Bishop  Fulford 
laid  the  corner  stone  on  the  21st  of  May, 
1857,  and  on  Advent  Sunday,  1859,  he 
preached  the  opening  sermon.  The  new 
cathedral,  which  those  engaged  in  its  con- 
struction had  wished  "  should  be  beautiful 
exceedingly,"  was,  through  the  death  of  the 
architect  and  other  unforeseen  circumstances, 
burthened  with  an  oppressive  debt,  which 
weighed  heavily  on  the  mind  of  the  bishop, 
who,  in  his  straightforward  old  world  style, 
knew  of  but  one  way  of  liquidating — a  way 
which  bishops,  clergy  and  laymen,  under 
similar  circumstances,  might  adopt  to  their 
credit.  He  moved  to  a  small  dwelling,  and 
laid  aside,  not  only  every  indulgence,  but 
almost  every  convenience.  "  His  new  man- 
sion was  modest  enough,  for  it  was  built  for 
the  official  residence  of  the  parish  school 
master,  and  the  school  rooms  became  his 
salons  for  the  reception  of  guests,"  the 
whitewashed  walls  being  decorated  with 
maps,  instead  of  pictures  and  statuary. 
Here  the  heir  presumptive  of  Great  Ful- 
ford, and  metropolitan  of  Canada,  with  his 
delicate,  high-bred  wife,  lived  for  years,  and 
practised  economy  so  patiently  and  self- 
sacrificingly  in  order  to  attain  the  darling 
wish  of  his  heart,  namely,  to  see  the  cathe- 
dral free  from  debt,  that  his  heroic  example 


stands  forth  as  a  shining  light  to  "  lighten 
the  darkness,"  not  only  of  those  who  give 
grudgingly  but  of  those  who  fancy  that 
social  status  depends  upon  the  size  of  the 
domicile,  the  costliness  of  its  decorations, 
and  the  silks,  satins,  and  velvets  with  which 
they  adorn  their  bodies,  regardless  of  the 
fact  that  nobility  is  to  be  found  in  the  heart 
and  soul  of  the  individual,  not  in  the  outside 
covering.  It  is  believed  he  lived  to  know 
the  pleasure  of  having  the  debt  liquidated, 
and  it  was  from  this  humble  home,  prepar- 
ed for  the  parish  schoolmaster,  that  the 
great  and  good  Bishop  Fulford,  metropoli- 
tan of  Canada,  passed  to  his  eternal  rest  on 
the  9th  of  September,  1868.  His  remains 
were  interred  in  Mount  Royal  cemetery, 
Montreal.  Near  to  him  lies  a  member  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland,  and  one  of  the 
most  eminent  and  highly  esteemed  citizens 
of  Montreal,  the  Honorable  Peter  McGill, 
"who  loved  the  English  prelate  as  one  friend 
loves  another,"  and  was  happy  to  know  that 
in  death  he  would  rest  beside  him. 

Sturdec,  Henry  L.awrance,  M.A., 
Barrister-at-law,  Solicitor,  etc.,  Mayor  of 
Portland,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  in  St. 
John,  N.B.,  on  the  llth  April,  1842.  His 
father,  Henry  Parker  Sturdee,  was  born  in 
Topsham,  Devonshire,  England,  and  his 
mother,  Emily  Lawrance,  in  London,  Eng- 
land. Mr.  Sturdee  was  educated  at  private 
schools  in  St.  John,  and  at  the  Collegiate 
School,  and  at  King's  College,  Fredericton, 
N.B.  He  matriculated  there  in  September, 
1858,  and  in  the  following  year  was  awarded 
the  Douglas  gold  medal.  He  received  the 
degree  of  B.A.  in  June,  1861,  and  M.A.  in 
June,  1883,  in  course.  He  studied  law  in 
his  native  city  with  Messrs,  Gray  and  Kaye, 
barristers;  was  admitted  an  attorney-at-law 
in  June,  1864,  and  called  to  the  bar  in  June, 
1865.  He  has  since  practised  law  in  St. 
John.  He  is  one  of  the  referees  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  New  Brunswick,  equity 
side.  He  takes  an  interest  in  military  mat- 
ters, and  is  major  of  the  3rd  St.  John  re- 
serve militia.  Mr.  Sturdee  resided  in  St. 
John  until  November,  1877,  when  he  re- 
moved to  the  adjoining  city  of  Portland. 
In  April,  1883,  he  was  elected  an  alderman 
for  ward  four  of  Portland,  and  was  re-elected 
alderman  the  two  following  years.  On  tak- 
ing his  seat  at  the  council  board  in  that 
year  he  was  appointed  by  the  Portland  city 
council  to  represent  ward  four  of  that  city  in 
the  municipal  council  of  the  city  and  county 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


427 


of  St.  John.  In  April,  1884,  he  was  elected 
warden  of  the  municipality  of  the  city  and 
county  of  St.  John;  and  in  April,  1885,  was 
re-elected  warden  without  opposition.  This 
office  he  held  until  April,  1886,  when,  hav- 
ing been  elected  mayor  of  Portland,  he  de- 
clined re-nomination  as  warden.  On  the 
llth  April,  1887,  he  was  again  chosen 
mayor  of  Portland,  without  opposition,  and 
this  responsible  position  he  still  holds.  He 
has  been  vestrv  clerk  and  treasurer  of 
Trinity  Church,  "St.  John  (Church  of  Eng- 
land), since  May,  1871;  and  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  Madras  School  Board 
since  September,  1877.  He  is  a  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  St.  George's  Society;  and  a 
member  of  Portland  Union  Lodge  A.  F. 
and  A.M.,  and  of  New  Brunswick  Royal 
Arch  Chapter,  St.  John.  He  was  married 
at  Christ  Church  Cathedral,  Fredericton, 
on  the  26th  September,  1866,  to  Jane 
Agnes,  daughter  of  the  late  William  R. 
Fraser,  Esq.,  M.D.  (Edinburgh),  of  Fred- 
ericton, and  has  a  family  of  three  sons  and 
two  daughters. 

Henslcy,  Hon.  Jo§eph,  Charlotte- 
town,  Assistant  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Judicature,  and  Vice-Chancellor  in  the 
Court  of  Chancery,  Prince  Edward  Island, 
was  born  on  the  12th  June,  1824,  at  Tot- 
tenham, Middlesex,  England.  He  is  the 
second  son  of  the  late  Hon.  Charles  Hens- 
ley,  who  at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1875, 
was  a  commander  in  the  Royal  navy,  which 
service  he  entered  in  1805,  and  was  actively 
engaged  in  it  for  ten  years — 1805  to  1815 — 
during  the  last  war  with  France.  Subse- 
quently he  lived  in  Prince  Edward  Island, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Legislative  and 
Executive  Council  there,  and  treasurer 
of  the  province.  The  Hon.  Joseph  Hens- 
ley  was  educated  in  England  by  private 
tuition,  and  afterwards  at  the  Hackney 
Grammar  School,  Middlesex.  In  the  year 
1841  he  came  out  with  his  father  and  family 
from  England  to  Prince  Edward  Island, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  and  has  now 
been  a  resident  for  upwards  of  forty-six 
years.  In  1842,  he  commenced  his  studies 
for  the  bar  in  the  office  of  the  Hon.  Robert 
Hodgson,  then  attorney-general  of  the 
island.  He  was  called  to  the  bar  in  Janu- 
ary, 1847,  and  practised  in  Charlottetown 
from  that  time  until  his  elevation  to  the 
bench,  on  the  18th  June,  1869.  Has  since 
sat  uninterruptedly  as  judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  and  vice-chancellor  in  Chancery. 


Judge  Hensley  has  filled  the  following  pub- 
lic offices  under  the  government  of  Prince 
Edward  Island  : — In  1851  he  was  law-clerk 
to  the  House  of  Assembly,  and  also  solicitor- 
general  ;  in  1853  and  1854,  attorney-gen- 
eral ;  from  July,  1854,  to  July,  1858,  attor- 
ney-general ;  from  March,  1867,  to  June, 
1869,  attorney-general  ;  in  1857,  Queen's 
counsel  by  her  Majesty's  warrant;  during 
the  years  1853-8  inclusive,  member  of  the 
Legislative  Council  ;  from  1861  to  June, 
1869,  member  of  the  House  of  Assembly  ; 
in  1868-9,  president  of  the  Executive  Coun- 
cil, and  leader  of  the  government  ;  from 
1853  to  1876,  member  of  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation ;  and  from  1869  to  1876,  chairman 
of  the  Board  of  Education.  He  was  mar- 
ried on  the  8th  September,  1853,  to  Frances 
Ann  Dover  Hodgson,  only  daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  Sir  Robert  Hodgson,  knight,  for- 
merly attorney- general,  afterwards  chief- 
justice,  and,  lastly,  lieutenant-governor  of 
Prince  Edward  Island,  who  died  in  1880. 
He  has  had  four  children,  three  of  whom 
still  survive,  namely :  Fanny  Louisa  Cathe- 
rine, married  to  George  Macleod,  manager, 
in  Charlottetown,  of  the  Bank  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia ;  Mary  Eva ;  and  Katherine  Emily,  mar- 
ried to  Lieutenant  Waldemar  D'Arcy  Rose,. 
United  States  navy.  Hon.  Joseph  Hensley 's 
residence  is  in  Charlottetown.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Church  of  England,  and  has 
always  taken  an  active  part  in  connection 
with  the  work  of  various  religious  societies 
and  associations,  particularly  that  of  the 
Charlottetown  Young  Men's  Christian  As- 
sociation, since  its  formation,  in  1856,  fill- 
ing at  various  times  the  position  of  its 
president,  etc. 

Barbeau,  Henri  Jacqne§,  Mont- 
real, is  descended  from  an  old  and  distin- 
guished French- Canadian  family,  allied  to 
the  de  Noyons  and  the  de  Rainvilles.  The 
first  of  M.  Barbeau's  ancestors  to  come  ta 
Canada  was  the  Sieur  Jean  Barbeau-Bois- 
dor^,  who  was  born  at  St.  Vivien-du-Pont, 
parish  of  Xaintes,  France,  in  1666.  Having 
taken  to  a  military  career,  the  Sieur  Jean 
joined  the  troops  of  the  marine,  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty  his  name  appears  on  the  roll 
of  the  Sieur  de  St.  Cirque's  company,  then 
stationed  in  Canada.  This  progenitor  of 
the  Canadian  branch  of  the  Barbeau  family 
married,  at  Boucherville,  Mdlle.  Marie  de 
Noyon,  and  left  many  descendants,  who  to- 
day occupy  prominent  and  influential  posi- 
tions in  the  Quebec  province.  Mr.  H.  J 


428 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Barbeau  was  born  at  Laprairie  in  1832,  of 
the  marriage  of  Edmund  Henry  Barbeau, 
merchant,  and  Sophie  Bourassa,  a  daugh- 
ter of  captain  Bourassa.  His  father  hav- 
ing died  at  an  early  age,  young  Barbeau's 
education  was  undertaken  by  his  grand- 
father, the  late  Lieutenant-Colonel  Louis 
Barbeau-Boisdore",  notary,  of  Laprairie,  who 
died  in  1864,  at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty. 
Colonel  Barbeau-Boisdord  married  Mary 
Powell,  niece  of  Edmund  Henry,  who  for 
many  years  had  control  of  Colonel  Chris- 
tie's vast  seigneuries  in  the  neighborhood 
•of  Lake  Champlain,  and  afterwards  became 
government  agent  for  the  seigneurie  of  La- 
prairie, and  notary  for  the  district.  This 
gentleman  inherited  the  military  instincts 
of  his  ancestors,  and  when  the  war  of  1812 
broke  out,  he  was  among  the  first  to  offer 
his  services  to  the  Canadian  government 
in  resisting  the  invasion  of  the  country.  He 
served  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  campaigns  of 
1812-13,  and  from  1830  to  1840  held  higher 
commands,  dying  in  1864  with  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  Mr.  H.  J.  Barbeau,  the 
•subject  of  tthe  present  sketch,  has  almost 
exclusively  devoted  himself  to  commercial 
pursuits.  He  received  a  good  commercial 
education,  under  Mr.  H.  O' Began,  whom 
the  Jesuit  Fathers  had  made  parish  teacher 
at  Laprairie,  then  under  their  ecclesiastical 
supervision.  Young  Barbeau  commenced 
his  commercial  life  at  Laprairie,  where  he 
held  a  clerkship,  and  gave  promise  of  attain- 
ing success  in  business.  In  1852  he  came 
to  Montreal,  and  held  responsible  positions 
in  several  of  the  wholesale  houses  of  the 
city  until  1858,  when,  having  acquired  the 
necessary  experience,  he  went  into  business 
for  a  while  on  his  own  account  at  St.  Hya- 
cinthe.  Later  on  he  held  positions  as  in- 
surance agent,  appraiser  for  the  Trust  and 
Loan  Company,  and  official  assignee.  In 
1870  he  was  appointed  to  the  management 
of  a  branch  of  the  Merchant's  Bank,  which 
was  then  opened  for  the  first  time  at  St. 
Hyacinthe.  Five  years  later,  the  Savings 
Bank  having  established  a  series  of  branch 
offices  in  Montreal,  Mr.  Barbeau  was  offer- 
ed the  management  of  one  of  them,  a  posi- 
tion which  he  accepted  and  held  till  1879, 
when  he  was  called  to  succeed  his  brother, 
Mr.  E.  J.  Barbeau,  as  general  manager  of 
the  Montreal  City  and  District  Savings 
Bank.  Mr.  E.  J.  Barbeau,  it  may  be  said, 
was  for  thirty  years  the  able  manager  of  the 
Savings  Bank,  and  now  retired,  to  be  suc- 


ceeded by  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  In 
this  new  position  of  responsibility  as  a  bank- 
er, Mr.  Barbeau  has  evinced  the  same  judg- 
ment, prudence  and  foresight  which  has 
always  characterised  his  own  business  tran- 
sactions, marked  the  character  of  his  earlier 
career,  and  won  for  him  success  in  all  his  en- 
terprises, with  the  good  opinion  of  those 
with  whom  he  came  in  contact.  In  1859 
Mr.  Barbeau  married  Josephine  Varin, 
daughter  of  J.  B.  Varin,  notary,  and  late 
member  for  Laprairie.  Eleven  children 
were  born  of  this  union,  of  whom  seven  sur- 
vive. It  may  here  be  added,  that  Mr.  Varin, 
whose  high  character  and  profound  legal 
attainments  are  well  known,  married  Her- 
mine,  daughter  of  the  late  Jean  Moise  Kay- 
mond,  who  in  his  day  was  a  prominent  mer- 
chant, and  member  for  1'Assomption,  and  a 
grand-daughter  of  M.  Jean  Raymond,  for 
many  years  member  for  Laprairie. 

Pope,  Porcy  William  Thomas, 
Assistant  Receiver- General,  Charlottetown, 
Prince  Edward  Island,  eldest  son  of  the 
Hon.  James  Colledge  Pope  and  Eliza  Dal- 
rymple,  his  wife,  was  born  at  Summerside, 
Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  8th  May, 
1856.  He  was  educated  at  the  Prince  of 
Wales  College,  in  Charlottetown.  During 
his  early  life  he  was  employed  in  the  man- 
agement of  large  ship-building  and  fishing 
industries  in  the  western  portion  of  the 
island.  In  1882  he  emigrated  to  the  North- 
West  Territories,  and  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  who  located  upon  the  site  of  the 
present  town  of  Begina,  the  capital  of  As- 
siniboia.  After  the  advent  of  the  Canada 
Pacific  Railroad,  he  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business,  importing  the  first  manufactured 
lumber  ever  brought  into  that  district. 
When,  in  the  fall  of  1882,  the  growth  of 
the  town  rendered  some  form  of  civic  organ- 
ization desirable,  he  was  elected  one  of 
three  commissioners  to  represent  the  set- 
tlers' interests.  Mr.  Pope  remained  there 
until  the  summer  of  1883,  when  the  position 
of  assistant  receiver- general,  Charlottetown, 
rendered  vacant  by  the  retirement  of  the 
Hon.  Joseph  Pope,  was  offered  to  him  by 
the  government.  This  office  he  accepted, 
returned  to  his  native  island,  and  has  since 
resided  in  Charlottetown.  In  religion,  he  is 
a  member  of  the  Church  of  England.  In 
politics,  a  Conservative.  He  was  married  on 
thel  5th  day  of  April,  1882,  to  Mary  Louise, 
second  daughter  of  John  Macgowan,  by 
whom  he  has  issue  a  son  and  two  daughters. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


429 


Sullivan,  Hon.  William  Wilfrid, 

Charlottetown,  Premier  and  Attorney-Gen- 
eral of  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Provincial  Parliament  for  the 
second  district  of  Kings  county,  was  born 
at  New  London,  Prince  Edward  Island,  on 
the  6th  of  December,  1843.  His  parents, 
William  Sullivan  and  Mary  McCarthy,  both 
now  deceased,  were  natives  of  the  county 
Kerry,  Ireland.  Hon.  Mr.  Sullivan  was 
educated  at  the  Central  Academy  and  St. 
Dunstan's  College,  Charlottetown.  He  stu- 
died law  with  the  Hon.  Joseph  Hensley, 
then  attorney- general,  and  now  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Prince 
Edward  Island.  He  was  called  to  the  bar 
of  Prince  Edward  Island  in  Trinity  Term, 
1867,  and  became  a  partner  of  his  preceptor, 
holding  that  connection  until  Mr.  Hensley 
was  appointed  to  the  Supreme  Court  bench 
two  years  later.  No  client  ever  suffers  at 
the  hands  of  Mr.  Sullivan  for  the  want  of 
close  application  to  his  cause.  Possessed 
of  much  coolness,  clear  judgment  and  ster- 
ling good  sense,  and  being  candid  and  logi- 
cal in  his  arguments,  Mr.  Sullivan  never 
fails  to  make  admirable  points,  or  to  favor- 
ably impress  bench  and  jury.  We  learn 
from  the  "  Historical  Illustrated  Atlas  of 
Prince  Edward  Island  "  that  Mr.  Sullivan 
was  appointed  a  Queen's  counsel  by  the 
government  of  Prince  Edward  Island  in 
June,  1876,  and  by  his  excellency  the  gov- 
ernor-general of  Canada,  under  letters- 
patent,  on  the  19th  May,  1879;  that  he  was 
one  of  the  counsel  for  the  government  in 
the  interests  of  the  tenants  before  the  Land 
Commissioners'  Court  under  "The  Land 
Purchase  Act,  1875."  Hon.  Mr.  Sullivan 
is  head  of  the  extensive  law  firm  of  Sulli- 
van &  Macneill,  who  do  business  in  all  the 
courts  of  the  province  and  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  Dominion ;  is  a  deputy  judge 
of  the  Admiralty  Court,  and  a  notary  public, 
and  is  president  of  the  Board  of  Education ; 
president  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
Prince  Edward  Island  Hospital  for  the  In- 
sane, and  a  director  of  the  Merchants'  Bank 
of  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  a  local  direc- 
tor of  the  Canada  Life  Assurance  Company. 
He  first  entered  public  life  in  1872,  when  he 
was  elected  to  represent  the  first  district  of 
Kings  county.  He  was  returned  for  his 
present  seat  at  the  general  election  in  April, 
1873,  and  again,  by  acclamation,  the  follow- 
ing month  on  being  appointed  to  office.  He 
was  re-elected  at  the  general  elections  of 


1876, 1879,  1882,  and  again  at  the  last  gen- 
eral election,  1886.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Council  from  22nd  of  April 
to  June,  1872,  when  he  resigned;  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  Executive  Council,  with  the 
office  of  solicitor- general,  on  the  formation 
of  the  Pope  administration,  18th  April,  1873 ; 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  Executive  Council 
upon  the  resignation  of  the  Conservative 
government,  on  the  4th  of  September,  1876; 
and  was  unanimously  elected  leader  of  the 
opposition  at  the  meeting  of  the  legislature 
on  the  14th  of  March,  1877.  On  the  1st  of 
March,  1879,  Mr.  Sullivan  moved,  in  the 
House  of  Assembly,  a  resolution  of  non-con- 
fidence in  the  government,  which,  after  a 
long  arid  animated  debate,  was  carried  by  a 
vote  of  nineteen  to  ten  on  the  6th  of  March, 
and  the  administration  resigned  the  follow- 
ing day.  Our  subject  was  then  invited  by 
the  lieutenant-governor,  Sir  Kobert  Hodg- 
son, to  form  a  government,  and  take  the  po- 
sition of  premier.  He  succeeded  in  forming 
an  administration,  and  the  government  were 
sworn  in  on  the  llth  of  March,  1879.  He 
was  elected  leader  of  the  government  by 
the  unanimous  vote  of  his  party  in  both 
branches  of  the  legislature,  and  was  ap- 
pointed attorney  and  advocate  general,  and 
president  of  the  Executive  Council  on  the 
formation  of  the  administration,  which  po- 
sitions he  has  held  continuously  ever  since. 
The  House  of  Assembly  was  dissolved  and 
a  general  election  held  on  the  9th  of  April, 

1879,  when  the  government  were  sustained 
by  a  majority  of  twenty-six  to  four,  being 
the  largest  support  ever  accorded  to  any 
administration    in     the     island.       Among 
other  acts,  Hon.  Mr.  Sullivan  was  chiefly 
instrumental   in   securing   branch  lines  of 
railway  to  Souris  and  Tignish  in  1872;  as- 
sisted in  carrying  through  the  Island  legis- 
lature   terms    of    confederation    in    1873; 
assisted  in  passing  The  Land  Purchase  Act, 
1875,  and  other  acts  on  the  same  subject  in 
1876;  introduced  and  carried  through  the 
legislature  An  Act  for  Abolishing  Imprison- 
ment for  Debt,  in  1879,  and  The  Jury  Act, 

1880,  which   provides   for  the   trial  of  all 
civil  cases  by  seven  instead  of  twelve  jurors, 
as  well  as  many  other  measures  of  law  re- 
form, and  acts  for  the  general  benefit  of  the 
province.     The  Hon.  Mr.  Sullivan  has  been, 
on  several  occasions,  a  delegate  to  Ottawa, 
on  public  business;   and,    in    1886,  was  a 
delegate  to  London,  to  lay  before  the  Im- 
perial government  the  case  of  Prince  Edward 


430 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Island,  concerning  the  non-fulfilment  of  the 
terms  of  confederation,  with  regard  to  con- 
tinuous steam  communication  between  that 
province  and  the  mainland  of  Canada.  He 
declined  a  nomination  for  the  House  of 
Commons  at  the  general  elections  in  Febru- 
ary, 1887.  Hon.  Mr.  Sullivan  has  been 
premier  for  a  longer  period  than  any  of  his 
predecessors.  As  a  leader  he  matures  his 
measures  thoroughly  before  submitting 
them  to  the  house,  hence  his  success  in  that 
position ;  his  industry  is  unwearied ;  he  clings 
with  the  utmost  tenacity  to  the  cause  which 
he  advocates,  and  never  trusts  the  discharge 
of  any  parliamentary  duty  devolving  upon 
himself  to  another.  He  is  a  thorough  mas- 
ter of  the  English  language,  and  speaks 
with  exactness  and  precision.  He  is  also 
extremely  cautious,  and  takes  good  care  not 
to  get  his  party  (the  Conservatives)  into 
deep  water.  Having  a  strong  and  deter- 
mined will,  once  convinced  that  he  is  right, 
he  pushes  forward  with  unflinching  perse- 
verance, and  success  almost  invariably 
crowns  his  efforts.  He  was  married  at 
Charlottetown,  on  the  13th  of  August,  1872, 
to  Alice  Maude  Mary,  third  daughter  of 
John  Fenton  Newbery,  B. A.,  of  Oxford,  and 
formerly  of  London,  England,  and  Siena, 
Italy,  and  they  have  six  children.  The 
family  are  members  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church.  Their  residence,  "  Brighton  Villa," 
adjoining  Charlottetown,  is  a  beautiful 
place. 

Boire,  Loui§  Henri  Napoleon, 
Manager  of  the  Three  Rivers  Branch  of  the 
Banque  d'Hochelaga,  was  born  on  the  17th 
of  February,  1850,  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Philippe,  county  of  Laprairie,  province  of 
Quebec,  of  well-to-do  parents.  After  at- 
tending for  five  or  six  years  the  country 
school  of  the  place  of  his  birth,  he  entered, 
at  the  age  of  twelve,  the  Montreal  College, 
where  he  remained  three  years,  after  which 
he  became  a  scholar  in  the  Jacques  Cartier 
Normal  School  in  Montreal,  where  he  fol- 
lowed the  whole  course  of  studies  with  a 
decided  and  marked  success.  Later  on,  in 
May,  1869,  he  was  admitted  to  the  study 
of  medicine,  but  gave  it  up  to  enter  on  a 
business  career;  and  for  this  purpose  he 
became  a  student  in  the  Montreal  Business 
College,  and  after  a  few  months  he  gradu- 
ated from  this  institution.  The  following 
years,  of  which  a  few  months  were  passed 
in  Manitoba,  he  was  employed  as  account- 
ant or  bookkeeper  in  Montreal  mercantile 


houses,  when,  in  September,  1874,  he  was 
appointed  accountant  in  the  Joliette  branch 
of  the  Banque  d'Hochelaga,  and  six  months 
later,  in  March,  1875,  he  was  made  man- 
ager of  the  same  branch.  Here  he  re- 
mained until  February,  1885,  and  was  then 
appointed  manager  of  the  Three  Rivers 
branch  of  the  same  bank,  and  in  that  town 
he  has  resided  since.  He  was  married  in 
January,  1876,  to  M.  Lea  Cornellier,  of 
Joliette,  P.Q.,  daughter  of  the  late  E.  Cor- 
nellier, a  retired  merchant. 

Wade,  Edward  Harper,  Quebec, 
was  born  in  1846,  in  what  was  formerly 
known  as  "  the  good  old  town  of  Liver- 
pool." His  father,  Samuel  Mosley  Wade, 
and  his  grandfather,  Samuel  Wade,  were 
long  engaged  as  brokers  in  the  cotton  trade 
of  that  port,  and  his  mother  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Richard  Harper,  of  Low  Hill, 
Liverpool.  He  received  his  commercial 
training  in  the  office  of  Sharpies,  Jones  & 
Co.,  who  then  carried  on  a  large  wholesale 
importing  business  in  Quebec  timber  in 
connection  with  their  Canadian  house.  His 
father  having  been  lost  at  sea  in  the  Royal 
Charter,  when  returning  from  a  visit  to 
Australia,  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  firm 
named,  by  his  uncle  and  guardian,  the  late 
Thomas  Wilson,  a  well-known  Liverpool 
shipbuilder.  Indentures  were  drawn  up  in 
the  good  old-fashioned  style,  binding  the 
apprentice  to  five  years'  service  in  consider- 
ation of  being  taught  the  trade  and  busi- 
ness of  a  timber  merchant.  This  engage- 
ment was  faithfully  carried  out  on  both 
sides,  and  every  opportunity  given  for  the 
acquisition  of  such  knowledge  of  all  timber 
mysteries  as  the  Canada  Dock  Quay,  or  the 
town  office  of  the  firm,  afforded;  and  the 
lesson  of  straightforward  and  truthful  deal- 
ing and  liberal  fulfilment  of  all  business 
obligations  and  promises  was  duly  incul- 
cated. After  the  expiration  of  the  term 
named  he  remained  three  years  with  the 
firm,  and  was  then  transferred  to  the  Que- 
bec office  of  C.  &  J.  Sharpies  &  Co.  The 
Quebec  firm  became  John  Sharpies,  Sons  & 
Co.,  and  the  Liverpool  house  Henry  Sharpies, 
Son  &  Co.,  and  all  the  senior  partners  had 
passed  away  before  he  left  the  employ  at 
the  end  of  1877,  having  for  several  previous 
years  travelled  on  contracting  business  in 
all  parts  of  the  United  Kingdom,  but  espe- 
cially in  Ireland  and  North  Wales,  districts 
then  largely  importing  Quebec  goods.  At 
that  time  this  portion  of  the  business  seldom 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


431 


fell  into  such  young  hands,  but  the  high 
standing  and  careful  shipments  of  the  firm 
served  the  young  salesman  well,  and  enabled 
him  to  continue  and  extend  the  connection 
of  the  house  in  the  districts  specially  left 
to  his  care.     Many  little  ports  that  are  now 
entirely  or  almost  altogether  supplied  from 
larger  centres  at  that  time  imported  several 
Quebec  timber  cargoes  each  year,  and  dis- 
tricts  which   now    consume   little   besides 
pitch  pine,  spruce  deals  and  Baltic  goods 
were  good  customers   for   Canadian  white 
pine,   then   commonly  called  yellow  pine. 
At  the  end  of   1877  he  entered  into  busi- 
ness arrangements  with  the  old  and  well- 
known  Quebec  firm   of  Roberts,  Smith  & 
Co.     The  parting  between  Messrs.  Sharpies 
and  himself  was  characterized  by  the  great- 
est good  feeling  on  both  sides,  and  the  long 
connection  left  behind  it  a  warm  friendship 
that  has  never  been  disturbed  in  the  slight- 
est degree,  even  during  the  keen  competi- 
tion  of   the  most   trying   selling   seasons. 
His  respect  and  esteem  for  all  members  of 
the  family  have  always  been  strongly  ex- 
pressed,  and  their  kindly  feeling  towards 
him  has  remained  unchanged.     For  three 
years  he  continued  as  salesman  with  Ro- 
berts, Smith  &  Co.,  with  a  percentage  on  the 
profits  of  the  business;  and  on  Mr.  Joseph 
Roberts  retiring  in  1880,  he  was  taken  into 
partnership  by  Mr.  R.  H.  Smith,  and  the 
firm    was   continued    under   the   style    of 
Smith,  Wade  &  Co.     Taught  by  the  sound 
judgment   and  thorough   practical  know 
ledge  of  timber  and  its  classification  and  by 
the  long  experience  of  all  points  connected 
with  Quebec  contracting  possessed  by  Mr 
Roberts,  and  instructed  in  sound  principles 
of  finance,  banking,  and  details  of  manage- 
ment by  Mr.  Smith,  whose  qualifications  in 
this  respect  are  so  well  known,  the  subjecl 
of  our  sketch  obtained  a  thorough  insighl 
into  the  working  of  a  Quebec  shipping  busi 
ness  as  it  should  be  carried  on.     Under  such 
training  it  is  not  strange  that  he  has  estab 
lished  a  character  for  reliability,  that  with 
him  a  promise  is  as  faithfully  carried  out  as 
a  contract,  and  the  spirit  as  well  as  the  letter 
of  the  agreement  always  kept.     For  man 
years  Mr.  Roberts  and  Mr.  Smith  had  entire 
charge  of  the  Canadian  supply  to  the  Eng 
lish  dockyards  under  admiralty  contract* 
through  Messrs.  Chapman,  of  London.   This 
was  a  most  important  business,  including  th 
annual  supply  of  many  large  masts  and  spar 
of  considerable  value,  such  as  are  now  onl; 


btained  from  the  Pacific  coast.     Mr.  R.  H. 
Smith  retired  at  the  end  of  last  year,  and 
Mr.  H.    T.   Walcot,  for  nine  years  past  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  John  Burstall  &  Co., 
las  joined  Mr.  Wade   in   carrying  on  the 
business,  under    the  same  style,  with  the 
ame  staff,  and  upon  the  same  lines.  Short- 
y  after  his  arrival  in  Canada,  and  during  a 
political  riot,  Mr.  Wade  had  a  narrow  es- 
jape  with  his  life  in  rescuing  from  an  infuri- 
ated mob  an  unfortunate  man  who,  but  for 
lis  interference,  would  probably  have  been 
tilled.     Except  in  such  extreme  cases  he  is 
an   advocate   of    non-intervention,    and   of 
etting  people  manage  their  own  affairs  in 
.heir  own  way.     The  Canadian  system  of 
home  rule  is,  in  his  opinion,  the  perfection 
of  government.     Although  a  firm  believer 
n  free  trade,  he  readily  admits  that  some- 
times there  are  more  important  questions 
bhan  any  connected  with  the  tariff,  and  be- 
lieves it  is  essential   to   keep  in  power  the 
best  men  in  the  country.     Apart  from  his 
energy,  enterprise,  and  thorough  knowledge 
of  that  portion  of  the  trade  of  which  he  is 
a    worthy    representative,    much    of    Mr. 
Wade's   success   is   doubtless   due   to   the 
genial  and  courteous  manner  which  charac- 
terizes his  intercourse   with   all   sorts  and 
conditions  of  men,  and  which  has  been  the 
means   of   securing   him   hosts  of    friends 
and  well- wishers.     Mr.  Wade  was  married 
in  1874  to   Margaret,  eldest  daughter  of 
John  Simons,  of  Quebec,  by  whom  he  has 
five  children. 

Blanchet,  Hon.  Jean,  Q.C.,  Que- 
bec, M.P.P.  for  the  County  of  Beauce,  was 
born  in  February,  1843,  in  St.  Francois, 
county  of  Beauce,  and  is  a  descendant  of 
one  of  the  oldest  settlers  in  La  Nouvelle 
France^  He  isjjie_jQn-o£-C.  Blanchet,  N.P., 
of/Hi.  Franf  jiiTd"ela  Beauce,  and  a  nephew 
of  the  Right  Rev.  Mgrs.  Blanchet,  bishops 
of  Oregon  and  Vancouver  respectively, 
whom  we  may  truly  call  the  pioneer  apostles 
of  evangelisation  in  British  Columbia.  This 
country  is  under  a  heavy  debt  of  gratitude 
to  the  reverend  prelates  for  the  detailed  de- 
scriptions and  quaint  narratives  of  their 
early  travels  in  that  far-off  part  of  the  Do- 
minion, and  the  historian  of  the  future  will 
find  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  materials  in 
their  memoirs.  The  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  educated  at  the  College  of  Nicolet,  and 
and  at  the  termination  of  his  classical  course 
of  studies  entered  Laval  University  to  fol- 
low the  law  course  of  that  institution,  attend- 


432 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


ing  the  office  of  Boss<$  and  Boss<$  at  the 
same  time.  On  the  3rd  of  October,  1863, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Lower  Can- 
.ada,  and  in  1876  was  appointed  a  Queen's 
counsel  by  the  government  of  the  province 
of  Quebec,  and  re- appointed  as  such  by  the 
Dominion  Government,  on  the  llth  Octo- 
ber, 1880,  it  having  been  decided  by  the 
courts  of  law  that  the  appointment  of 
Queen's  counsels  was  ultra  vires  of  the  pro- 
vincial legislatures,  and  rested  solely  with 
the  federal  authorities.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  council  of  the  bar,  Quebec  section.  On 
his  first  presenting  himself  for  parliamen- 
tary honours  in  his  native  county,  at  the 
general  election  of  1872,  he  was  unsuccess- 
ful. In  November,  1881,  he,  however,  was 
elected  by  acclamation,  and  was  sworn  in 
as  a  member  of  the  executive  council  on 
the  31st  July,  1882,  taking  the  portfolio  of 
provincial  secretary  in  the  Mousseau  ad- 
ministration. In  1884,  he  was  again  ap- 
pointed to  the  same  office,  under  the  Boss 
administration,  and  accepted  the  same  port- 
folio in  January,  1887,  under  the  Hon.  L. 
O.  Taiilon,  who  resigned  in  the  same  month. 
He  has  been  elected  at  the  general  election 
of  1886  by  187  majority.  Hon.  Mr.  Blan- 
chet  is  an  honorary  member  of  several  so- 
cieties. Among  others,  may  be  mentioned 
L'Attienee  Louisianais,  the  Historical  So- 
ciety of  Montreal,  and  the  Geographical 
Society  of  Bordeaux,  France  ;  he  is  also 
president  of  the  Asbestos  Mining  and  Man- 
ufacturing Company  of  Canada,  and  the 
Artisans'  Permanent  Building  Society.  In 
politics  Hon.  Mr.  Blanchet  is  a  Liberal- 
Conservative,  and  resides  in  Quebec,  enjoy- 
ing an  extensive  clientele  in  Quebec,  Beauce, 
and  Montmagny.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
law  firm  of  Blanchet,  Drouin  and  Dionne. 
He  married  on  the  5th  of  August,  1878, 
Jeanie,  daughter  of  General  S.  Seymour,  of 
Albany,  late  state  engineer  of  the  state  of 
New  York,  by  whom  he  has  issue  two  child- 
ren, one  son  and  one  .daughter. 

Phillips,  Kev.  Caleb  Tliad<1eii§, 
Minister  of  the  Free  Baptist  Church,  Wood- 
stock, New  Brunswick,  was  born  at  Wake- 
field,  county  of  Carleton,  N.B.,  on  the  7th 
June,  1841.  His  father  was  Cornelius  Ac- 
kerman  Phillips,  whose  grandfather  was  one 
of  the  U.  E.  Loyalists;  and  his  mother 
Frances  Stevens,  daughter  of  John  Stevens 
and  Mary  Ackermann,  and  grand-daughter 
of  Colonel  Lawrence,  a  noted  officer  in  the 
British  army  during  the  revolutionary  war. 


Kev.  Mr.  Phillips  received  his  education  in 
his  native  parish  and  at  Acadia  College,. 
Wolfville.  He  afterwards  entered  the  min- 
istry, and  was  for  fourteen  years  in  charge 
of  the  Sussex  pastorate,  in  Kings  county. 
Upon  his  resignation  he  was  presented  with 
a  gold  watch  and  an  address  from  the  citi- 
zens, and  in  1884  took  charge  of  the  Free 
Baptist  Church  in  Woodstock,  N.  B.,  of 
which  he  is  the  present  pastor.  He  takes 
a  deep  interest  in  the  temperance  reform, 
and  is  a  hard  worker  for  the  advancement 
of  the  Master's  kingdom  on  earth.  He  be- 
longs to  the  fraternity  of  Freemasons,  and 
is  a  member  of  Woodstock  lodge.  On  the 
8th  October,  1870,  he  was  married  to  Geor- 
gia, daughter  of  the  Bev.  Cyriac  Cyrell 
Doucette,  and  has  a  family  of  four  children. 
JfUe,  Hon.  Louis  A.,  LL.D.,  Mont- 
real, Judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  was  born 
at  L'Assomption,  province  of  Quebec,  on 
the  15th  January,  1836.  His  father  was 
Amable  Jette",  merchant,  whose  ancestors 
came  to  Canada  from  near  Tours,  in  France, 
in  the  sixteenth  or  seventeenth  century. 
His  mother,  Caroline  Gauffreau,  was  also 
of  French  descent.  Her  grandfather  was  a 
planter  in  St.  Domingo  when  that  island 
was  under  French  rule,  but  left  during 
some  political  troubles,  and  came  to  Cana- 
da. Judge  Jette",  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
received  his  literary  education  at  L'Assomp- 
tion College,  and  afterwards  studied  law 
(first)  with  Pelletier  &  Belanger,  barristers, 
and  afterwards  with  David  &  Ramsay,  bar- 
risters. He  was  called  to  the  bar  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1857.  He  practised  his  profession 
in  Montreal  from  that  date  until  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  bench,  on  2nd  September, 
1878.  While  at  the  bar  Hon.  Mr.  Jette 
greatly  distinguished  himself  ;  and  in  the 
celebrated  Guibord  case  he  won  an  almost 
world-wide  reputation  for  legal  ability.  In 
an  extended  review  of  the  case,  the  Belgique 
Judiciaire,  of  Belgium,  Europe,  thus  spoke 
of  him,  quoting  largely  from  his  pleading : 
"  This  speech,  like  all  the  pleadings  of  Mr. 
Jette",  has  a  tone  remarkable  for  sincerity 
and  loyalty.  Mr.  Jette  appears  to  usr 
moreover,  to  be  an  advocate  of  great  merit, 
who  must  hold  the  front  rank  at  every  bar 
where  he  has  a  great  cause  to  plead.  *  *  * 
Voltaire,  hearing  the  speech  of  Mr.  Jette,  at 
Montreal,  would  find  himself  more  comfort- 
able than  at  the  Court  of  Appeals  at  Paris, 
or  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  at  Ver- 
sailles." At  one  period  of  his  life  Judge 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


433 


Jette  was  greatly  interested  in  politics,  and 
was  a  pronounced  Liberal.  At  the  general 
election  in  1872  he  contested  Montreal  East, 
and  succeeded  in  beating  the  late  Sir  George 
E.  Cartier,  baronet,  the  then  great  states- 
man and  leading  Conservative  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  having  polled  the  unpre- 
cedented majority  of  twelve  hundred  votes. 
This  great  triumph  produced  at  the  time 
great  enthusiasm  among  the  judge's  con- 
freres. At  the  general  election  held  in 
1874,  he  was  re-elected  by  acclamation; 
served  through  the  session  of  the  House  of 
Commons  at  Ottawa  in  1878,  and  in  the 
spring  of  that  year  was  offered  a  seat  in  the 
cabinet  of  the  Hon.  Alexander  Mackenzie, 
who  then  held  the  reins  of  government. 
But  he  declined  the  proffered  honor,  hav- 
ing decided  to  retire  from  political  life.  In 
the  summer  of  1878  he  visited  Europe,  and 
while  in  Paris  he  received,  by  telegram, 
the  information  that  he  had  been  appointed 
to  a  seat  on  the  bench  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  his  native  province,  and  request- 
ing his  immediate  return.  Since  his  eleva- 
tion to  the  bench  he  has  fully  realized  the 
most  sanguine  expectations  of  his  friends, 
and  no  judge  in  the  province  is  more  res- 
pected than  he.  Amongst  the  important 
cases  he  has  been  called  to  decide,  since  his 
appointment  to  the  bench,  we  may  men- 
tion: 1st.  the  liberation  from  the  lunatic 
asylum  of  Mrs.  Lynam,  a  poor  unfortunate 
woman  who  had  been  kept  there  for  nearly 
two  years,  a  case  which,  three  or  four  years 
ago,  attracted  the  attention  of  everyone  in 
the  Dominion,  and  led  to  an  investigation 
by  the  provincial  government  in  the  man- 
agement of  those  institutions ;  2nd.  the 
Laramee  and  Evans  case,  where  he  stated, 
in  a  most  exhaustive  judgment,  the  law  of 
the  province  on  the  subject  of  marriage,  a 
judgment  which  was  deemed  so  important 
that,  on  motion  of  Hon.  E.  Blake,  a  copy 
of  it  was  laid  on  the  table  of  the  House  of 
Commons;  3rd.  the  case  of  Dobie  and  the 
Board  of  Temporalities  of  the  Presbyterian 
church;  4th.  the  case  of  Lambe  vs.  the 
Insurance  Companies,  for  the  recovery  of 
the  tax  imposed  on  those  companies  by  the 
provincial  government  of  Quebec,  where 
he  maintained  the  constitutionality  of  the 
provincial  law,  being  confirmed  in  that  view 
by  her  Majesty's  Privy  Council.  Judge 
Jette  is  a  corresponding  member  of  La  So- 
ciete  de  Legislation  Comparee  de  Paris; 
and  is  also  a  corresponding  editor  of  the 
AA. 


Revue  de  Droit  International  of  Ghent, 
Belgium.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  LL.D.  from  Laval  University,  Quebec, 
in  1878,  and  is  professor  of  law  in  the 
^Montreal  branch  of  the  same  celebrated  in- 
stitution of  learning.  In  1862  he  married 
Berthe  Laflamme,  daughter  of  the  late 
Toussaint  Laflamme,  merchant,  Montreal, 
and  sister  of  Hon.  B.  Laflamme,  minister 
of  justice  in  the  Mackenzie  government. 

McLclIan,  Hon.  David,  Lumber 
Merchant,  Indiantown,  M.P.P.  for  St.  John 
city  and  county,  New  Brunswick,  was  born 
in  Portland,  N.B.,  on  the  20th  of  January, 
1839.  His  father,  David  McLellan,  was  by 
trade  a  shipbuilder,  emigrated  from  Kelton, 
Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  and  settled  in  the 
Maritime  provinces  many  years  ago.  His 
mother,  Mary  Knight,  was  a  descendant  of 
a  Quaker  family  in  Pennsylvania,  United 
States.  Mr.  McLellan  received  his  educa- 
tion chiefly  in  a  commercial  and  mathemat- 
ical school  in  St.  John,  taught  by  William 
Mills,  and  acquired  a  good  mental  outfit 
with  which  to  begin  life.  After  leaving 
school  he  commenced  business  as  a  surveyor 
and  dealer  in  lumber,  and  is  now  the  senior 
member  of  the  firm  of  McLellan  &  Holly, 
doing  a  large  trade  in  lumber  in  the  rough, 
handling  over  60,000,000  superficial  feet  of 
logs  annually.  He  entered  political  life  in 
1878,  and  at  the  general  election  of  that 
year  was  elected  to  represent  the  city  and 
county  of  St.  John,  in  the  New  Brunswick 
legislature.  He  again,  at  the  general  elec- 
tion held  in  1882,  presented  himself  for  re- 
election, and  was  returned  by  his  old  con- 
stituency. On  the  28th  July,  1883,  he  was 
sworn  in  a  member  of  the  Executive  Coun- 
cil, and  was  appointed  provincial  secretary 
in  the  Blair  administration,  in  place  of  the 
late  Hon.  Wm.  Elder.  His  acceptance  of 
office  necessitated  another  appeal  to  the 
electors,  and  he  was  again  elected.  At  the 
general  election  held  in  1886  he  was  once 
more  chosen  by  a  large  majority.  Hon. 
Mr.  McLellan  is  president  of  the  Board  of 
Agriculture  for  the  province  of  New  Bruns- 
wick. He  is  a  Freemason,  and  also  belongs 
to  the  fraternity  of  Oddfellows.  In  poli- 
tics he  is  a  pronounced  Reformer;  and  in 
religion,  an  adherent  of  the  Baptist  church. 
In  December,  1864,  he  was  married  to 
Fanny  B.  Bichards,  daughter  of  Henry 
Eichards,  of  St.  John,  N.B.,  and  has  had  a 
family  of  four  children — two  sons  and  two 
daughters,  one  of  the  boys  died  in  infancy. 


434 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Ta§chereau,  Hon.  Henri  Elzear, 

Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Ottawa,  was 
born  at  the  Seignorial  Manor  house,  Ste. 
Marie  de  la  Beauce,  county  of  Beauce,  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  on  the  7th  of  October,  1836. 
He  is  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Pierre  El- 
zear  Taschereau,  and  a  near  relative  to 
Cardinal  Taschereau.  His  father  was,  prior 
to  the  union  of  the  provinces,  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Assembly 
of  Lower  Canada,  and  after  the  union  he 
was  also  a  representative  in  the  parliament 
of  the  united  provinces.  He  had  married 
Catherine  Hdnedine,  a  daughter  of  the  late 
Hon.  Amable  Dionne,  who  was  also  at  one 
time  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council. 
The  founder  of  the  family,  Thomas  Jacques 
Taschereau,  settled  in  the  province  of  Que- 
bec several  years  before  the  conquest. 
Many  members  of  the  Taschereau  family 
have  achieved  high  distinction  in  Canada, 
no  less  than  seven  of  its  members  having 
occupied  seats  on  the  judicial  bench.  The 
subject  of  our  sketch  was  sent  to  the  Quebec 
Seminary,  and  after  completing  his  classical 
studies,  studied  law  in  the  office  of  his  cou- 
sin, the  Hon.  Jean  Thomas  Taschereau,  one 
of  the  most  eminent  lawyers  of  the  province 
of  Quebec,  who  was  appointed  a  puisn^ 
judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Dominion 
on  its  formation  in  1875,  and  was  superan- 
nuated some  years  ago.  In  October,  1857, 
Mr.  Taschereau  was  called  to  the  bar  of 
Lower  Canada,  and  formed  a  partnership 
with  his  cousin,  the  eminent  jurist  above 
mentioned,  and  they  practised  their  profes- 
sion at  Quebec.  He  soon  gained  a  high  re- 
putation as  a  lawyer,  and  subsequently 
entered  into  partnership  with  William  Duval 
and  Jean  Blanchet,  who  afterwards  became 
speaker  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Que- 
bec, and  of  the  House  of  Commons  at  Ot- 
tawa. In  1861,  he  was  elected  to  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  for  the  county  of  Beauce, 
and  continued  to  represent  that  constituency 
until  confederation,  when,  at  the  general 
election  of  1867,  he  was  unsuccessful  as  a 
candidate  for  the  House  of  Commons.  Dur- 
ing that  year  he  was  made  a  Queen's  coun- 
sel, and  the  following  year  he  was  appointed 
clerk  of  the  peace  for  the  district  of  Quebec, 
a  position  which  he  held  only  three  days, 
resigning  at  the  end  of  that  time  on  account 
of  a  misunderstanding  with  the  government. 
He  then  devoted  himself  to  professional  pur- 
suits, and  on  the  12bh  of  January,  1871,  he 
was  appointed  a  puisne"  judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  and  held 
that  position  until  the  7th  of  October,  1878, 
when  he  was  elevated  to  his  present  position 


of  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
Dominion.  As  a  law  writer,  Judge  Tasche- 
reau is  an  authority,  he  having  written 
several  important  works,  among  which  we 
may  mention  ' '  The  Criminal  Law  Consolida- 
tion and  Amendment  Acts  of  1869,  32-33 
Viet.,  for  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  as 
amended  and  in  force  on  the  1st  November, 
1874,  in  the  provinces  of  Ontario,  Quebec, 
Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  Manitoba, 
and  on  the  1st  of  June,  1875,  in  British  Col- 
umbia, with  Notes,  Commentaries,  Prece- 
dents of  Indictments,"  etc.,  etc.,  in  two 
volumes,  the  first  of  which  was  published  in 
Montreal  in  3874,  and  contains  796  pages. 
The  second  volume,  containing  556  pages, 
was  published  in  Toronto  in  1875.  Both 
volumes  display  much  erudition,  and  have 
been  highly  commended  by  competent  legal 
authorities,  among  others  by  C.  S.  Greaves, 
an  English  Queen's  counsel,  and  one  of  the 
most  eminent  contemporary  writers  on  Eng- 
lish jurisprudence.  "  Le  Codede  Procedure 
Civile  du  Bas-Canada,  avec  annotations" 
was  published  in  1876,  and  also  received 
high  commendation  from  legal  critics.  The 
Hon.  Judge  Taschereau  married,  on  the  27th 
of  May,  1857,  Marie  Antoinette  de  Lot- 
biniere  Harwood,  a  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
R.  U.  de  Lotbiniere  Harwood,  a  member  of 
the  Legislative  Council  of  Qaebe,  and  seig- 
neur of  Vaudreuil,  near  Montreal.  Mrs. 
Taschereau  is  a  sister  of  Lieut. -Col.  de  Lot- 
biniere Harwood.  They  have  a  family  of 
five  children,  two  sons  and  three  daughters. 
Hon.  Judge  Taschereau  has  his  residence  in 
Ottawa,  and  is  joint  proprietor  of  the  seig- 
niory of  Ste.  Marie  de  la  Beauce,  conceded 
to  his  great-grandfather  in  the  year  1726. 

Williams,  Right  Rev.  James  \\  ., 
D.D.,  Bishop  of  Quebec,  was  born  in  the 
town  of  Overton,  Hampshire,  England,  on 
the  15th  September,  1825,  and  was  brought 
up  in  that  neighbourhood.  He  is  the  son 
of  the  Rev.  David  Williams,  for  many  years 
rector  of  Baughurst,  Hampshire.  He  was 
educated  by  his  father  at  home,  at  the 
Grammar  School,  Crewkerne,  Somerset,  and 
at  Pembroke  College,  Oxford.  In  1851  he 
graduated  as  B.  A.,  taking  honours  in  classics, 
and  in  due  course  obtained  his  degree  of 
M.  A.  and  D.D.  The  Lord  Bishop  of  Oxford 
admitted  him  to  deacon's  orders,  and  in 
1856  he  was  ordained  priest  by  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells.  He  held  cura- 
cies for  a  short  time  in  Buckinghamshire 
and  Somersetshire.  His  classical  attain- 
ments were  of  more  than  average  excellence. 
For  two  years  he  was  assistant  master  in 
Leamington  College.  In  ]  857,  whilst  curate 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


435 


of  Huish-Champflower,  he  was  chosen  to 
organize  a  school  in  connection  with  Bishop's 
College,  Lennoxville,  Quebec.  He  held  the 
office  of  rector  of  the  College  Grammar 
School,  together  with  that  of  professor  of 
belles-lettres  in  the  university,  until  his  ele- 
vation to  the  episcopacy.  Upon  the  death 
of  the  late  Right  Rev.  George  Jehosaphat 
Mountain,  Bishop  of  Quebec,  in  1863,  Rev. 
Mr.  Williams  was  chosen  by  the  synod  to 
succeed  him,  and  on  the  llth  of  June,  of  the 
same  year,  he  was  consecrated  at  Quebec  by 
the  Most  Reverend  the  Metropolitan,  as- 
sisted by  the  bishops  of  Toronto,  Ontario, 
Huron  and  Vermont.  His  first  episcopal  act 
was  to  advance  three  deacons  to  the  priest- 
hood. The  See  of  Quebec,  over  which  the 
bishop's  jurisdiction  extends,  was  constituted 
in  1863,  and  formerly  comprised  the  whole 
of  Upper  and  Lower  Canada.  Owing  to 
various  causes,  and  mainly  to  the  increase 
in  the  population  and  growth  of  the  Church 
of  England  its  extent  has  ben  curtailed  from 
time  to  time  until  it  was  confined  to  that 
part  of  the  province  of  Quebec  extending 
from  Three  Rivers  to  the  Straits  of  Belle 
Isle  and  New  Brunswick,  on  the  shores  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  and  all  east  of  a  line 
drawn  from  Three  Rivers  to  Lake  Memphre- 
magog.  Bishop  Williams  is  a  plain  preacher, 
and  never  exhibits  any  affectation  ;  he  is 
a  man  of  scholarly  tastes.  He  makes  no 
pretence  to  showy  or  transcendent  gifts  of 
pulpit  oratory,  but  is  known  as  an  energetic 
and  r.idustrious  ecclesiastic,  watching  with 
zealous  care  over  the  spiritual  welfare  of  his 
flock  and  clergy.  Several  of  his  lectures 
and  sermons  have  been  published  and  were 
highly  commended  by  the  Canadian  and 
American  religious  newspapers.  Among 
them  may  be  more  especially  mentioned  his 
charge  delivered  to  the  clergy  of  the  diocese 
of  Quebec  at  the  visitation  held  in  Bishop's 
College,  Lennoxville,  in  1864  ;  and  a  lecture 
on  Self -Education,  published  at  Quebec  in 
1865. 

Moody,  James  Coeliraiic,  M.D., 
Windsor, Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  Liverpool, 
N.S.,  on  the  1st  of  September,  1844.  His 
father,  the  Rev.  John  T.  T.  Moody,  D.D., 
was  born  at  Halifax,  on  the  25th  of  March, 
1804,  and  at  the  date  of  his  son's  birth  was 
rector  of  Liverpool,  but  subsequently  re- 
moved with  his  family  to  Yarmouth,  N.S., 
to  which  parish  he  was  appointed  rector  in 
1846.  His  mother  was  Sarah  Bond,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Henry  Greggs  Farish, 
M.D.,  of  Yarmouth,  N.S.,  and  was  born  on 
the  9th  of  July,  1807.  They  were  married  in 
1830,  and  both  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of 


80  years.  Dr.  Moody  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine  under  the  preceptorship  of  his 
great  uncle,  the  late  Joseph  B.  Bond,  M.D. , 
of  Yarmouth,  in  1862.  He  is  a  graduate  of 
the  University  of  New  York,  having  taken 
his  degree  of  M.D.  at  that  institution  in  the 
spring  of  1866.  On  his  return  home  during 
the  Fenian  alarm  of  the  same  year,  he  was 
appointed  an  assistant  surgeon  to  the  Yar- 
mouth militia.  Commencing  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Richibucto,  Kent  county, 
New  Brunswick,  in  the  autumn  of  1866,  he 
soon  succeeded  in  building  up  a  good  prac- 
tice. Was  appointed  a  coroner  for  Kent 
county,  November  1st,  1870.  He  took  an 
active  part  in  agitating  for  the  construction 
of  the  Kent  Northern  Railway  ;  takes  a 
deep  interest  in  Masonry,  is  a  past  master 
of  St.  Andrew's  Lodge,  A.F.  and  A.M., 
Richibucto,  New  Brunswick,  he  is  also  a 
Royal  Arch  mason,  and  has  been  for  a  con- 
siderable time  connected  with  the  order  of 
Oddfellows.  On  account  of  the  hardships 
and  exposure  attending  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  northern  New  Brunswick,  he 
decided  to  remove  to  Windsor,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, which  he  did  with  his  family  in  the 
autumn  of  1882,  where  he  at  present  re- 
sides in  active  practice.  On  the  eve  of 
departure  to  his  new  field  of  labour,  he 
was  presented  with  a  very  complimentary 
address,  signed  by  the  leading  inhabitants 
of  Richibucto  and  vicinity.  The  follow- 
ing are  brief  extracts  :— "Your  departure 
from  Richibucto  is  deeply  regretted  by  all 
classes  in  this  community.  The  sixteen 
years  spent  in  active  work  in  our  midst  have 
made  you  personally  acquainted  with  us 
all,  and  while  your  professional  skill  won 
our  trust,  and  commanded  our  admiration, 
your  sterling  qualities,  as  a  man,  gained  our 
enduring  friendship.  A  broader  field  of 
labour  may  await  you  in  your  new  home, 
and  a  more  ample  recompense  favour  your 
work,  but  you  will  search  in  vain  for  hearts 
more  fervent  in  wishes  for  your  welfare 
than  those  you  leave  behind  in  Richibucto. " 
Dr.  Moody  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England,  and  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  church  work,  having  held  while  in 
Richibucto  the  offices  of  church  warden  and 
delegate  to  the  diocesan  synod.  He  is  at 
present  a  warden  of  Christ  Church,  and  also 
a  governor  of  the  University  of  Kings  Col- 
lege, Windsor,  N.S.  On  the  9th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1880,  he  was  married  to  Augusta 
Whipple,  second  daughter  of  the  late  James 
H.  Jones,  of  Digby,  N.S.  Their  family 
consists  of  three  children,  one  son  and  two 
daughters. 


436 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Griffin,  Martin  J.,  Ottawa,  Librarian 
of  Parliament,  was  born  in  St.  Johns,  New- 
foundland, August  7,  1847.  He  received 
his  collegiate  education  in  St.  Mary's  Col- 
lege, Halifax,  and  studied  for  the  Nova 
Scotia  bar;  first  in  the  office  of  Hon.  Wm. 
Miller,  late  speaker  of  the  Senate;  and 
later,  in  the  office  of  Hon.  James  McDon- 
ald, now  chief  justice  of  Nova  Scotia.  He 
was  most  successful,  being  called,  when 
only  twenty-one,  with  a  first-class  certifi- 
cate. From  an  early  age  he  had  shown  de- 
cided talent  for  literature,  and  even  before 
he  became  regularly  connected  with  any 
public  journal,  he  had  contributed  articles 
of  various  kinds  to  the  press  of  Halifax, 
and  had  made  some  ambitious  ventures  in 
poetry  and  criticism  for  magazines  in  the 
United  States.  His  ability  secured  for  him 
a  place  on  the  staff  of  the  Halifax  Chronicle, 
for  which  he  did  good  work  while  carrying 
on  his  studies.  A  year  after  his  admission 
to  the  bar,  that  is  to  say  in  1868,  he  became 
editor  of  the  Halifax  Express,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  until  1874.  His  writing  dur- 
ing that  period  attracted  wide  attention, 
and  marked  him  as  the  strongest  journalis- 
tic champion  of  the  Liberal-Conservative 
party  in  the  province.  His  wide  and  accur- 
ate knowledge  of  public  affairs  caused  him 
to  be  chosen  as  the  assistant  of  the  Hon. 
James  McDonald,  Q.C.,  the  representative 
of  Nova  Scotia  before  the  Fishery  Commis- 
sion, whose  decision  has  since  gone  into  his- 
tory as  the  "  Halifax  Award."  His  work  in 
this  direction  was  interrupted  by  an  elec- 
tion contest,  in  1874,  in  which  he  unsuc- 
cessfully sought  election  to  the  Nova  Scotia 
House  of  Assemby.  When  the  Conserva- 
tives came  into  power  in  the  Dominion,  in 
1878,  and  Hon.  James  McDonald  was  sworn 
in  as  minister  of  justice,  Mr.  Griffin  was  ap- 
pointed the  minister's  private  secretfery, 
but  resigned  in  three  months  to  accept  the 
offer  of  a  position  on  the  editorial  staff  of 
the  Toronto  Mail.  His  letters  and  des- 
patches to  the  Mail,  as  well  as  the  editorial 
articles  which  he  contributed,  were  marked 
by  the  same  vigorous  and  scholarly  style 
which  had  brought  him  to  the  front  in  the 
Maritime  provinces.  It  was  but  natural, 
therefore,  that  when  a  vacancy  occurred  in 
the  chief  editorship  of  this  paper,  Mr.  Griffin 
should  be  called  to  fill  it.  This  was  in 
1881.  He  carried  the  Mail,  editorially, 
through  the  great  campaign  attending  the 
general  election  in  1882,  and  it  is  only  just 


to  say,  that  the  brilliant  victory  achieved  by 
the  Conservative  party  then,  was  due,  in 
considerable  degree,  to  the  vigor  and  skill 
with  which  the  chief  representative  journal 
of  the  party  was  managed  by  Mr.  Griffin. 
On  the  death  of  Mr.  Todd,  who  had  so  long 
and  so  well  managed  the  library  of  parlia- 
ment, it  was  decided  to  have  a  dual  head- 
ship of  the  library,  in  keeping  with  the 
system  of  having  both  English  and  French 
as  authorized  languages,  and  Mr.  Griffin 
was  chosen  as  the  fittest  man  for  the  high 
and  responsible  position  of  joint  librarian. 
He  was  appointed  in  August,  1885.  No 
man  could  be  more  faithful  to  any  trust 
than  Mr.  Griffin  has  been  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  library,  and  few  in  any  country 
could  have  brought  to  the  work  an  equally 
wide  knowledge  of  books.  Mr.  Griffin  is 
above  all  else  a  scholar ;  but  his  long  edi- 
torial experience  has  given  him  also  a  quick- 
ness of  comprehension,  and  a  systematising 
ability  which  fit  him  to  be  the  adviser  of 
legislators  and  writers  in  mastering  ques- 
tions with  which  they  have  to  deal.  Mr. 
Griffin  was  married  in  1872  to  Harriet  Star- 
rat,  daughter  of  the  late  William  Starrat, 
of  Liverpool,  N.S. 

Hing§ton,  William  Hale§,  M.D., 
L.RC.S.  (Edinburgh),  D.C.L.,  Montreal, 
was  born  at  Hinchinbrook,  province  of  Que- 
bec, on  the  29th  June,  1829.  His  father, 
Lieut. -Colonel  S.  J.  Kingston,  formerly  of 
her  Majesty's  100th  Regiment,  which  did 
good  service  during  the  war  of  1812-14, 
came  to  Canada  with  his  regiment,  of  which 
he  was  then  adjutant.  In  1819,  when  his 
regiment  was  disbanded,  he  received  from 
Lord  Dalhousie  command  of  the  militia 
force  of  the  county  of  Huntingdon,  which 
he  organized,  taking  up  his  residence  on 
the  bank  of  the  Chateauguay  river.  Sub- 
sequently Sir  James  Kemp  gave  Colonel 
Kingston  command  of  the  militia  of  the 
county  of  Beauharnois.  He  was  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Chippewa,  and  died  in  1830, 
when  his  son,  William  Hales  Kingston,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  was  eighteen  months 
old .  The  Hingstons  are  an  old  Irish  family, 
and  are  related  to  the  Cotters,  of  Cork,  the 
elder  Latouches,  of  Dublin,  and  the  Hales 
family.  At  the  age  of  fifteen,  having  re- 
ceived his  primary  education  at  the  school 
in  his  native  place,  W,  H.  Hingston  entered 
the  Montreal  College,  where,  at  the  end  of 
the  first  year,  he  carried  off  three  first  and 
two  second  prizes  out  of  a  possible  five. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


437 


Subsequently  he  spent  a  couple  of  years  in 
the  study  of  pharmacy,  and  then  entered 
McGill  College,  where  he  graduated  in  medi- 
cine, in  1851.  He  went  at  once  to  Edin- 
burgh, where  he  obtained  the  diploma  of 
the  Eoyal  College  of  Surgeons.  While  in 
Europe  he  spent  most  of  his  time  in  hospi- 
tals, and  brought  back  diplomas  from 
France,  Prussia,  Austria,  and  Bavaria,  in 
addition  to  that  from  Scotland.  One,  the 
membership  of  the  Imperial  .Leopold  Acad- 
emy, was  the  first  ever  obtained  by  a  Cana- 
dian, the  late  Sir  William  Logan  being  the 
next  recipient.  Dr.  Kingston  began  prac- 
tice in  Montreal,  where  he  soon  succeeded  in 
building  up  a  clientele,  surgery  being  his 
leading  and  special  branch.  In  1867  he 
again  visited  Europe,  and,  when  there,  on 
the  invitation  of  Sir  James  Simpson,  suc- 
cessfully performed,  in  Edinburgh,  a  diffi- 
cult surgical  operation  on  one  of  Sir  James' 
patients,  and  was  'afterwards  qualified  by 
that  far-famed  physician  as  "that  distin- 
guished American  surgeon  lately  among 
us."  Soon  after  beginning  practice  in  Mont- 
real, Dr.  Kingston  was  appointed  surgeon 
to  the  Hotel-Dieu  Hospital,  where  he  had  a 
large  field  for  the  exercise  of  his  art.  There 
he  has  since  given  daily  clinical  instruction 
in  surgery.  A  recent  number  of  a  Mont- 
real medical  journal  mentions  some  of  the 
operations  he  was  the  first  to  perform  in 
Canada:  excision  of  the  knee;  removal  of 
the  womb;  removal  of  the  kidney;  ex- 
cision of  the  tongue  and  lower  jaw,  etc. 
Dr.  Kingston  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
McGill  University  Society,  which  secured  to 
the  alumni  the  appointment  of  convocation 
fellows.  When  Bishop's  College  Medical 
School  was  organized,  he  was  named  pro- 
fessor of  surgery  and  clinical  surgery,  and 
afterwards  dean  of  faculty;  but  soon  re- 
signed the  professorships.  He  was  one  of 
the  resuscitators  of  the  Medico- Chirurgical 
Society  of  Montreal,  and  was  its  president 
many  times.  He  was  the  first  secretary  of 
the  Dominion  Medical  Association,  and  after- 
wards its  president.  He  was  chosen  by  the 
international  council  to  represent  Canada 
at  the  International  Medical  Congress,  held 
in  Philadelphia,  in  1876,  and  was  offered 
the  same  honor  at  Washington,  in  1887, 
but  preferred  to  remain  representative  in 
surgery.  He  has  been,  for  many  years, 
a  governor  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
and  is  now  its  president.  He  is  consult- 


ing physician  to  several  dispensaries,  and 
to  the  Hospital  for  Women,  of  which  he 
was  one  of  the  founders.  He  organized 
the  first  board  of  health  in  the  Dominion, 
and  has  long  been  a  faithful  worker  in 
behalf  of  the  sanitary  interests  of  Montreal. 
On  three  different  occasions  he  had  been 
urged  to  permit  his  name  to  be  submitted 
as  a  candidate  for  the  mayoralty,  but  de- 
clined. However,  in  1875,  at  the  unani- 
mous request  of  his  professional  brethren, 
he  consented,  and  was  chosen  chief  magis- 
trate by  a  majority  of  nearly  ten  to  one  over 
his  opponent,  and,  as  he  stated  at  the  time, 
"  without  having  spent  one  moment  of  time, 
or  one  shilling  of  money,  to  obtain  a  posi- 
tion which  no  one  should  seek,  but  which, 
coming,  as  it  did,  no  one  was  at  liberty  to 
decline."  He  was  re-elected  the  following 
year  by  acclamation.  A  third  term  was 
offered  him,  but  that  he  declined.  The 
period  of  Dr.  Kingston's  mayoralty  was 
one  of  grave  interest  and  anxiety  to  the 
order-loving  citizens  of  Montreal,  and  it  was 
well  that  the  office  of  chief  magistrate  was, 
at  the  time  of  the  Guibord  affair  especially, 
held  by  a  gentleman  of  character,  coolness, 
and  judgment.  He  received  the  thanks  of 
the  Governor- General  (Lord  Dufferin)  for 
his  conduct  on  that  occasion.  When  an 
epidemic  of  small  pox  reigned  in  Montreal, 
and  the  anti-vaccinators  offered  every  op- 
position to  vaccination,  Dr.  Kingston,  as 
chairman  of  the  board  of  health,  under 
cover  of  "  A  few  instructions  to  the  vaccina- 
tors,"  wrote  a  paper  on  the  disputed  points 
in  controversy,  which  effectually  silenced 
his  opponents.  This  paper  was  distributed 
gratuitously  by  order  of  the  city  council  of 
Montreal,  and  was  freely  quoted  all  over 
America,  and  attracted  attention  in  Europe. 
Again,  when  in  1885,  the  province  of  Que- 
bec was  visited  with  an  epidemic  of  small 
pox,  the  government  called  into  existence  a 
provincial  board  of  health,  with  all  neces- 
sary power.  The  subject  of  our  notice  was 
again  named  chairman,  and  so  soon  as  effi-  • 
cient  sanitary  measures  had  been  completed, 
Dr.  Kingston  visited  Washington,  and  in- 
duced the  authorities  there  to  modify  their 
quarantine  regulations,  which  had  interfered 
severely  with  commercial  intercourse  and 
freedom  of  travel.  During  his  professional 
career  he  has  contributed  a  number  of  ar- 
ticles to  various  medical  periodicals,  chiefly 
on  surgery.  A  more  considerable  contri- 
bution to  Canadian  science  was  his  work  on 


438 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


the  "  Climate  of  Canada,  and  its  relations 
to  life  and  health."  which  was  published  in 
1885.  No  member  of  the  medical  profes- 
sion in  Canada  has  been  more  honored  by 
scientific  bodies.  In  addition  to  those  al- 
ready named,  several  of  the  state  boards  of 
medicine  of  the  United  States  have  elected 
him  honorary  member,  and  many  American 
state  medical  societies  have  done  so  likewise; 
the  British  Association,  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science,  chose  him  as  vice-president ;  and 
within  the  past  few  months  the  British  Med- 
ical Association  elected  him  honorary  mem- 
ber, and  the  president  of  council,  Sir  Walter 
Foster,  thus  announced  his  election:  "Dr. 
Kingston  is  too  well  and  too  favourably 
known  to  the  members  of  this  Association 
to  require  the  council  to  give  reasons  for  se- 
lecting him  for  this  honor.  His  reputation 
as  a  surgeon  is  not  confined  to  Canada." 
The  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  in  noticing  the  last 
honor,  ordered  the  following  resolution  to 
be  transmitted  to  England :  "  The  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  province 
of  Quebec,  has  learned  with  pleasure  of  the 
honor  conferred  by  the  British  Medical  As- 
sociation on  their  president,  Dr.  Kingston, 
whose  reputation  as  a  surgeon,  whose  labors 
in  the  cause  of  public  health,  and  whose 
delicately  honourable  bearing  towards  his 
professional  brethren,  had  already  secured 
to  him  every  honor  the  profession  of  this 
Dominion  could  confer."  In  1875,  Dr.  King- 
ston married  Margaret  Josephine,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  D.  A.  Macdonald,  formerly 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  province  of  On- 
tario, and  has  three  sons  and  one  daughter. 
Bergeron,  Joseph  Ocdeoii  Ho- 
race, B.C.L.,  Advocate,  Montreal,  M.P.  for 
Beauharnois,  was  born  at  Rigaud,  province 
of  Quebec,  on  the  13th  October,  1854.  He 
is  a  son  of  the  late  T.  R.  Bergeron,  who 
was  a  notary  at  Rigaud.  His  mother  was 
Leocadie  Caroline  Delphine,  daughter  of 
Gedeon  Coursol,  notary,  of  St.  Andrew's, 
uncle  of  C.  J.  Coursol,  M.P.  for  Montreal 
East.  Mr.  Bergeron  was  educated  at  the 
Jesuits'  College  in  Montreal,  where  he  took 
a  partial  classical  course.  He  then  entered 
the  McGill  University,  where  he  graduated 
B.C.L.  in  March,  1877.  He  adopted  law  as 
a  profession,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  of 
the  province  of  Quebec  in  July,  1877,  and 
is  now  one  of  the  law  firm  of  Archambault, 
Lynch,  Bergeron  &  Mignault,  Montreal.  In 
1874  he  entered  the  Military  School  at  Mont- 


real, where  he  took  a  second-class  certificate 
and  then  joined  the  No.  1  cavalry  troop.  He 
is  an  active  member  of  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste 
Society  in  Montreal,  having  joined  it  in 
1875;  and  in  1880  he  became  a  member  of 
the  same  society  in  Valleyfield.  He  enter- 
ed political  life  in  1879,  on  the  death  of  the 
then  sitting  member,  Mr.  Cayley,  for  Beau- 
harnois, and  was  returned  to  the  Dominion 
parliament.  At  the  general  election  of  1882 
he  was  re-elected  by  acclamation;  and  in 
1887,  at  the  general  election  of  that  year,  he 
was  once  more  sent  to  parliament  to  represent 
his  old  constituency  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons at  Ottawa.  He  is  a  Liberal-Conserva- 
tive in  politics ;  and  in  religion  is  a  member 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  church. 

Stcotte,  Hon.  Loui§  Victor,  St. 
Hyacinthe,  Quebec,  one  of  the  judges  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  Quebec,  is  a  son  of 
Touissant  Sicotte,  of  the  parish  of  Ste.  Fa- 
mille,  Boucherville,  and  was  born  at  Bou- 
cherville,  on  the  6th  of  November,  1812.  He 
was  educated  at  St.  Hyacinthe  College. 
Our  subject  entered  public  life  in  1852, 
representing  the  county  of  St.  Hyacinthe 
in  the  Canadian  parliament,  and  continued 
to  do  so  for  eleven  years.  The  opening 
part  of  his  political  career  was  an  exciting 
period  in  the  history  of  the  two  provinces 
of  Upper  and  Lower  Canada — the  questions 
of  clergy  reserves  and  the  seignorial  tenure 
being  still  unsettled;  and  in  August,  1853, 
he  was  offered  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet  of  the 
Hincks-Morin  administration  as  commis- 
sioner of  Crown  lands,  but  he  declined  to 
accept  it,  because  the  government  refused 
to  proceed  immediately  to  settle  those  two 
questions.  Mr.  Sicotte,  by  his  writings  on 
the  question  of  the  clergy  reserves,  exten- 
sively reproduced  in  the  Upper  Canada 
papers,  was  greatly  instrumental  in  creating 
a  powerful  opinion  to  settle  the  question ; 
the  result  was  an  overwhelming  majority 
in  parliament  for  the  settlement  of  these 
two  important  matters.  In  1854,  Mr.  Si- 
cotte was  chosen  speaker,  and  held  that 
honorable  post  till  the  dissolution  in  Novem- 
ber, 1857.  He  was  commissioner  of  Crown 
lands  in  the  T ache -Macdonald  government; 
and  in  1858  became  commissioner  of  public 
works  in  the  Cartier-Macdonald  administra- 
tion, retiring  from  the  government  on  the 
Ottawa  question,  in  December  of  that  year. 
In  May,  1862,  when  the  Sandfield  Macdon- 
ald-Sicotte  government  was  formed,  our  sub- 
ject took  the  portfolio  of  attorney-general 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


439 


for  Lower  Canada,  held  that  position  until 
May,  1863;  and  was  made  judge  of  the  Su- 
perior Court  in  the  following  September. 
In  the  year  previous  he  was  sent  to  England 
on  public  business,  relating  principally  to 
the  extension  of  communications  with  the 
North-west  Territory,  to  realise  what  is  now 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Eailway,  and  while 
there  acted  as  commissioner  on  behalf  of 
Canada  at  the  international  exhibition  held 
in  London.  Before  going  on  the  bench,  he 
held  for  a  long  time  the  presidency  of  the 
Board  of  Agriculture,  and  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Council  of  Public  Instruction, 
resigning  the  latter  office  when  he  accepted 
the  judgeship.  Judge  Sicotte  belongs  to 
the  Koman  Catholic  church,  and  people  who 
have  known  Mm  the  longest  and  most  inti- 
mately, credit  him  with  having  lived  a 
blameless  and  eminently  useful  life.  He 
was  an  intimate  friend  and  coworker  with 
Mr.  Ludger  D.  Duvernay,  and,  with  him, 
took  the  step  towards  the  formation  of  the 
St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society  of  Montreal.  He 
was  married,  in  1837,  to  Margaret  Amelia 
Starnes,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Starnes,  of 
Montreal,  and  sister  of  Hon.  Henry  Starnes. 
They  have  ten  children  living.  Judge  Si- 
cotte, after  serving  twenty-four  years'  of 
judicial  life,  resigned  in  November,  1887, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  seventy-five  years, 
still  strong  and  healthy,  free  and  anxious 
for  the  study  of  the  law,  but  outside  of  all 
litigation. 

Thornton,  John,  Coaticook,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Cascade  Narrow  Fabric  Com- 
pany, province  of  Quebec,  was  born  on  the 
3rd  April,  1823,  at  Derby,  Vermont.  His 
father  was  John  Thornton,  and  mother, 
Sally  Lunt.  His  great-grandfather,  on  the 
paternal  side,  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence.  Mr.  Thorn- 
ton received  his  education  in  Derby,  and 
came  to  Canada  in  1840.  He  settled  in 
Stanstead  for  about  a  year,  when  he  remov- 
ed to  Barnston.  Here  he  remained  until 
1855,  when  he  moved  to  Coaticook,  and 
there  he  has  resided  since,  and  done  busi- 
ness as  a  general  storekeeper.  Being  a 
public  spirited  gentleman,  he  was  elected 
a  councillor;  then  he  held  the  office  of 
mayor  and  warden  of  Stanstead  county 
for  two  terms,  and  finally  entered  political 
life,  and  sat  for  eight  years  in  the  Quebec 
legislature,  representing  the  county  of 
Stanstead.  He  has  been  largely  interested 
in  the  material  prosperity  of  the  district  hi 


which  he  resides.     For  a  while  he  was  one 
of  the  directors  of  the  Magog  Print  Com- 

?any,  from  which  position  he  retired  in 
885.  He  is  now  a  director  of  the  Coati- 
cook Cotton  Company;  of  the  Coaticook 
Knitting  Company ;  and  is  also  president  of 
the  Cascade  Narrow  Fabric  Company,  the 
only  concern  in  Canada  where  braids  of  all 
descriptions  are  manufactured.  He  is  one 
of  the  directors  of  the  Eastern  Townships 
Bank,  and  president  of  the  Coaticook  Water 
Company.  In  politics  Mr.  Thornton  is  a 
Liberal-Conservative;  and  in  religion  an 
adherent  of  the  Methodist  church.  He  be- 
longs to  the  order  of  Oddfellows.  He  has 
been  twice  married.  In  1847  to  Lucy  Bald- 
win, of  Barnston,  province  of  Quebec,  by 
whom  he  had  two  children,  a  son  and 
daughter,  who  still  survive;  and  again  on 
the  17th  of  June,  1884.  to  A.  H.  Cleveland. 
Mountain,  George  Jchoshaphat, 
second  son  of  Dr.  Jacob  Mountain,  first 
bishop  of  Quebec,  and  descendant  of  one 
of  the  Huguenots  whom  the  persecutions  of 
Louis  the  Fourteenth  had  driven  out  of 
France  to  take  refuge  in  Norfolk,  England, 
was  born  at  Norwich,  on  the  27th  of  July, 
1789.  He  was  of  .Norman  and  Saxon  de- 
scent, claiming  kindred  with  Michael  De 
Montaigne,  the  celebrated  French  essayist. 
At  the  age  of  seven  years  he  commenced  his 
Latin  grammar,  while  residing  with  his 
father,  at  Woodfield,  near  Quebec.  At  six- 
teen he  was  sent  to  Little  Easton,  county  of 
Essex,  England,  where  he  prepared  to  enter 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  There  he  ac- 
quitted himself  in  such  a  manner  as  induced 
Dr.  Monk,  professor  of  Greek,  one  of  his 
examiners,  to  recommend  him  as  principal 
of  a  college  in  Nova  Scotia,  for  which  posi- 
tion he  considered  Mr.  Mountain  peculiarly 
fitted.  On  leaving  Cambridge  he  returned 
to  Quebec,  and  acted  as  secretary  for  his 
father  while  studying  for  the  ministry. 
On  the  2nd  of  August,  1812,  he  was  ordain- 
ed a  deacon,  and  was  appointed  to  assist  the 
bishop's  chaplain,  Kev.  Salter  Mountain. 
In  1814  he  was  admitted  to  the  order  of 
priest,  and  was  appointed  evening  lecturer 
in  the  cathedral,  and  on  the  2nd  of  August, 
in  the  same  year,  he  was  married  to  Mary 
Hume,  third  daughter  of  Deputy- General 
Commissary  Thompson,  and  went  to  Nova 
Scotia,  where  he  was  appointed  rector  of 
Fredericton,  and  also  chaplain  of  the  troops 
and  Legislative  Council.  After  three  years 
sojourn  there  he  resigned,  and  returned  to 


440 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Quebec,  and  on  his  arrival  was  appointed 
bishop's  official  and  officiating  clergyman 
of  Quebec.  He  commenced  life  well ;  his 
earliest  noticeable  act  was  to  establish  inti- 
mate relations  with  the  "  Venerable  Society 
for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge,  and 
for  Propagating  the  Gospel."  His  second 
was  to  establish,  at  Quebec,  national  schools 
for  boys  and  girls.  Early  in  January,  1818, 
he  commenced  as  a  simple  missionary,  and 
afterward  continued  as  archdeacon  to  visit 
the  outlying  portions  of  the  diocese.  Such 
work  he  found,  to  the  end  of  his  career,  to 
be  full  of  attraction  and  encouragement,  for 
in  heart  and  soul  he  was  the  beau  ideal  of 
a  missionary.  In  1819  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  D.D.  from  the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, and  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
"  Board  for  the  Advancement  of  Learning  in 
Canada."  In  1821  he  became  rector  of  Que- 
bec and  archdeacon  of  Lower  Canada.  In 
1823  he  was  nominated  honorary  professor 
of  divinity  and  principal  of  McGill  College, 
Montreal.  In  1825  he  went  to  England,  his 
chief  object  being  to  represent  the  claim  of 
the  Anglican  church  in  the  matter  of  the 
clergy  reserves,  and  also  to  express  his 
father's  wish  to  be  relieved  of  a  portion  of  the 
cares  of  his  bishopric.  The  suggestion  he 
made  was  that  the  diocese  of  Quebec,  which 
covered  nearly  half  a  continent,  should  be 
divided  into  two  parts,  each  to  be  a  separate 
bishopric  ;  or,  if  this  proposition  was  not  ac- 
ceded to,  he  suggested  that  the  Eev.  Dr. 
Stewart  be  associated  with  his  father  in  the 
administration  of  the  see.  These  plans,  how- 
ever, were  set  at  naught  by  the  death  of  his 
father,  which  event  occurred  on  the  18th  of 
June,  1825,  while  he  was  yet  absent  in  the 
motherland,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Stewart  succeed- 
ed Eev.  Jacob  Mountain  as  Bishop  of  Que- 
bec. Ten  years  passed  slowly  by,  and  in 
1835  the  archdeacon,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  again  went  to  England,  his  objects 
being  the  same  as  before — the  settlement  of 
the  clergy  reserve  question,  and  the  neces- 
sity of  procuring  further  episcopal  assist- 
ance in  the  diocese.  Bishop  Stewart  had 
broken  down,  even  as  his  predecessor  had 
done  before  him,  and  was  most  anxious  that 
the  archdeacon,  "  whom  he  dearly  loved  and 
called  his  '  right  hand,'  should  be  appointed 
suffragan."  "  This  duty,"  says  his  bio- 
grapher, "  the  latter  was  more  than  disin- 
clined to  accept,  for  his  desire  from  first  to 
last  was  to  serve,  not  to  rule.  He  only 
yielded  when  Bishop  Stewart  emphatically 


declared  he  would  have  no  one  else.  He 
was  consecrated  coadjutor  on  the  14th  of 
January,  1836,  under  the  title  of  Bishop  of 
Montreal.  On  the  22nd  of  September, 
Bishop  Stewart  went  to  England,  and  did 
not  return,  for,  becoming  weaker  and  weaker, 
he  died  in  the  following  year.  Thus,  despite 
his  wishes  to  the  contrary,  the  subject  of 
our  sketch  became  the  third  bishop  of  the 
undivided  diocese  of  Canada.  Rev.  George 
Jehoshaphat  Mountain  was  a  true  and  hum- 
ble-minded Christian;  all  the  events  of  his 
life  go  to  prove  this.  While  his  devotion  to 
the  sick  and  suffering  at  Quebec,  in  1832. 
when  the  cholera  rushed  like  a  cyclone  from 
Grosse-Isle  to  the  mainland,  and  hundreds 
of  homes  were  made  desolate,  renders  his 
name  well  worthy  of  record  among  the  great 
and  good  of  our  land,  and  again  his  light 
shines  before  the  world  in  1847,  when  typhus 
fever,  the  result  of  the  famine  in  Ireland, 
was  imported  into  Canada.  It  is  written : 
"  The  Anglican  clergy,  few  in  number,  with 
devoted  zeal,  took  their  duty  at  Grosse-Isle 
week  about,  the  bishop  taking  the  first  week. 
Most  of  the  clergy  sickened,  and  two  of  them 
died  of  the  fever.  The  trial,  we  may  ima- 
gine, was  acute  enough,  for  in  the  summer 
of  1847,  upwards  of  five  thousand  inter- 
ments took  place  at  the  immigrants'  station 
at  Grosse-Isle.  '  No  one  liveth  to  himself 
or  dieth  to  himself,'  wrote  the  heroic  bis- 
hop. There  was  chivalry  as  well  as  gentle- 
ness in  his  nature  which,  like  expressed 
virtue,  communicated  itself  to  all."  Bishop 
Mountain  served  his  God  as  a  minister 
of  the  gospel  for  fifty  years,  and  died  on 
the  morning  of  the  feast  of  the  Epiphany, 
1863,  deeply  respected  and  beloved. 

Blair,  Hon.  Andrew  Creorgre,  At- 
torney-General and  Premier  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  in  Fredericton,  N.B.,  on  the 
7th  March,  1844.  He  is  of  Scotch  descent. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Collegiate  School,  in 
Fredericton.  He  chose  law  as  a  profession, 
and  after  spending  the  usual  time  in  study, 
was  called  to  the  bar  in  April,  1866,  and 
successfully  practised  for  some  years.  In 
1878  he  entered  the  political  arena,  and  was 
returned  to  represent  York  county  in  the 
House  of  Assembly  of  New  Brunswick,  at 
the  general  election  of  that  year.  A  peti- 
tion, however,  having  been  fyled  against 
his  return,  he  resigned  the  seat,  and  on  the 
issue  of  a  new  writ,  was  re-elected  on  the 
14th  November  of  the  same  year.  At  the 
first  session  of  the  new  house,  in  February, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


441 


1879,  he  was  chosen  leader  of  the  opposi- 
tion, then  consisting  of  only  six  members 
beside  himself,  in  a  house  of  forty -one.  In 
the  last  session  of  that  house,  held  in  1882, 
the  opposition,  under  his  leadership,  had 
increased  to  seventeen.  At  the  general 
election  of  that  year,  1882,  he  was  re-elected 
for  his  old  constituency,  and  in  March, 
1883,  defeated  the  Hanington  government, 
and  was  called  upon  to  form  a  new  minis- 
try, which  he  succeeded  in  accomplishing 
in  one  day.  On  accepting  the  office  of  at- 
torney-general he  again  appealed  to  his 
constituents  on  the  24th  of  March,  and  was 
elected.  At  the  general  elections  held  in 
1887  he  was  once  more  elected,  at  the  head 
of  the  New  Brunswick  Legislature  as  pre- 
mier and  attorney -general.  Hon.  Mr.  Blair 
is  an  independent  Liberal  in  politics;  and 
in  religion  is  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist 
church.  He  was  married  on  31st  October, 
1866,  to  Annie  E.,eldest  daughter  of  George 
Thompson,  late  of  the  educational  depart- 
ment, at  Fredericton.  The  issue  of  this 
union  has  been  ten  children. 

Burlaud,  George  B.,  President  and 
General  Manager  of  the  British  American 
Bank  Note  Company,  Montreal. — Mr.  Bur- 
land,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  is  descended 
from  a  long  line  of  illustrious  ancestry. 
There  is  an  old  estate  in  Cheshire,  called 
"  Burland,"  after  the  family,  and  at  the 
time  of  the  accession  of  Edward  III.  to  the 
throne  in  1327,  Robert  de  Burland  held 
possession  in  the  county  of  Somerset.  John 
Burland,  born  in  1696,  married,  in  1718, 
Elizabeth,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Claver 
Morris,  M.D.,  of  the  city  of  Wells.  He 
died  November  6,  1746,  and  left  four  sons 
and  two  daughters :  John  Burland,  son  and 
heir;  Claver  Morris  Burland,  M.D. ;  William 
Burland, fellow  New  College,  Oxford;  Robert 
Burland ;  Mary,  wife  of  Rev.  William  Hudle- 
stone,  and  Anne,  wife  of  Rev.  William  Eater. 
John,  the  eldest  son,  was  of  Baliol  College, 
Oxford,  where  he  entered  in  1740.  In  1743 
he  went  to  the  Middle  Temple,  and  was 
called  to  the  bar  in  1746.  In  1762  he  was 
made  sergeant- at-law;  in  1773  he  was  given 
the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws;  in 
1774  he  was  knighted  and  sworn  one  of  the 
Barons  of  the  Exchequer  in  room  of  Baron 
Adams.  This  he  enjoyed  but  one  year  and 
eleven  months,  and  died  February  29,  1776, 
by  the  rupture  of  a  blood  vessel  in  his  brain, 
as  he  was  sitting  in  company  with  his  bro- 
ther, Robert  Burland,  and  his  intimate 


friend,  Colonel  Charles  Webb.  He  was 
buried  in  Westminster  Abbey,  where  a  hand- 
some monument,  with  the  following  inscrip- 
tion, is  erected  to  his  memory :  "  Near  this 
place  are  deposited  the  remains  of  the  Hon. 
Sir  John  Burland,  Knt.,  LL.D.,  one  of  the 
Barons  of  his  Majesty's  Court  of  Exche- 
quer; as  a  man,  valued  and  beloved,  as  a 
judge,  honoured  and  revered.  He  died 
suddenly  on  the  29th  February,  1776,  aged 
51  years."  This  gentleman  married,  in 
1747,  Lsetitia,  the  daughter  of  Wm.  Berke- 
ley Portman,  of  Orchard  Portman,  and 
Anne,  his  wife,  only  daughter  of  Sir  Ed- 
ward Seymour,  of  Maiden  Bradley,  baronet, 
speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
comptroller  of  the  household  of  Queen 
Anne.  George  B.  Burland,  of  Montreal,  is 
descended  from  this  family,  and  was  born 
at  Loggan  Hall,  in  the  county  of  Wexford, 
in  the  year  1829.  His  father,  Benjamin 
Burland,  was  born  in  1779,  and  educated 
for  the  medical  profession.  He  married,  in 
1806,  Belinda  Roe,  daughter  of  Robert  Roe, 
a  gentleman  of  ample  wealth,  and  owner  of 
large  estates  in  Queen's  county.  He  sailed 
for  Canada  in  July,  1840,  and  died  in  1842. 
His  uncle  was  one  of  the  first  to  afford  relief 
to  the  sufferers  in  the  great  famine  of  1739. 
His  father  and  his  father's  brothers  were 
gentlemen  of  considerable  influence,  and 
owned  extensive  properties  in  the  counties 
of  Wicklow  and  Wexford,  now  in  possession 
of  the  JDeRenzie  family.  They  took  an  ac- 
tive part  in  the  troubles  of  1798.  One  of 
them  was  reputed  in  his  day  the  best  horse- 
man and  s\w  "^man  in  Ireland.  During 
the  Irish  rebellion  ^  Bather,  at  great  perj 
sonal  risk,  saved  the  life  of  a  priest  by 
placing  himself  between  the  levelled  mus- 
kets and  their  intended  victim.  For  this 
service  the  rev.  gentleman  presented  him 
with  a  sword  now  in  the  possession  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  Tablets  in  Kilpipe 
and  Kilcommon  churches  note  the  resting- 
places  of  members  of  his  family.  His 
uncle  was  appointed  surveyor  to  the  cus- 
toms at  Montreal  by  the  British  govern- 
ment; and  his  cousin,  B.  Burland,  is  at  pre- 
sent a  surgeon-major  in  the  19th  Hussars. 
George  B.  Burland' s  education  was  entrust- 
ed to  a  private  tutor,  and  when  his  schooling 
was  over,  he  entered  upon  business  pursuits, 
in  1844,  in  the  office  of  his  uncle,  George 
P.  Bull,  who  was  at  that  period  proprietor 
and  publisher  of  the  Hamilton  Gazette.  His 
cousins,  Rev.  Geo.  A.,  Richard,  and  the  late 


442 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Hon.  Harcourt  B.  Bull,  were  then  residents 
of  Hamilton;  and  he  remained  with  them 
some  three  or  four  years  and  then  returned 
to  Montreal.  This  initial  connection  with  the 
press  soon  led  to  another  stage  in  a  cognate 
branch  of  publication.  The  late  George 
Matthews,  engraver,  succeeded,  after  many 
efforts,  in  inducing  the  Bank  of  Montreal  to 
have  its  bills  printed  in  Canada,  the  plates 
being  then  engraved  at  the  Bank  of  Eng- 
land, in  London.  Having  secured  this  step, 
his  next  important  move  was  to  obtain  for 
that  department  a  manager  who  could  be 
relied  upon  for  his  intelligence  and  business 
energy  to  carry  out  the  new  undertaking 
with  success.  The  choice  fell  upon  Mr. 
Burland;  and  thus  having  identified  himself 
with  the  undertaking  from  the  first,  and  ac- 
quired an  interest  in  it,  his  energy,  industry 
and  tact  enabled  him  soon  to  attain  to  a  full 
partnership.  His  partner,  Mr.  Matthews, 
having  secured  a  competency  in  the  course 
of  time,  retired  from  the  business,  and  left 
Mr.  Burland  to  conduct  affairs.  The  latter 
then  set  about  to  widen  the  sphere  of  his 
operations,  and  in  spite  of  many  obstacles, 
which  only  seemed  to  stimulate  his  pluck 
and  perseverance,  and  notwithstanding  the 
strenuous  opposition  of  the  American  Bank 
Note  Company  and  his  former  partner,  he 
successfully  established  the  British  Ameri- 
can Bank  Note  Company,  which  has  been 
intimately  connected  with  the  engraving 
and  printing  of  the  bank  note  work  of  the 
country  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century. 
Besides  being  the  founder,  Mr.  Burland  is 
president,  and  has  been  general  manager  of 
-the  company  since  its  incorporation.  In 
1874  he  obtained  a  charter  of  incorpora- 
tion for  the  Burland  Lithographic  Com- 
pany, the  destinies  of  which  he  successfully 
conducted,  as  president  and  general  mana- 
ger, until  1886,  when  he  retired  from  that 
doiible  office,  on  account  of  his  health,  and 
because  of  his  other  multifarious  interests 
and  occupations.  Indeed,  he  is  concerned 
in  many  important  business  enterprises.  He 
is  president  of  the  Protestant  Insane  Asy- 
lum of  the  province  of  Quebec,  to  which 
charity  he  donated  the  sum  of  five  thousand 
dollars.  He  is  a  life  governor  of  the  Mon- 
treal General  Hospital,  Western  Female 
Hospital,  Montreal  Dispensary,  Boys'  Home, 
Protestant  Orphan  Asylum,  Irish  Protest- 
ant Benevolent  Association,  and  Protestant 
Orphan  Asylum,  Ottawa,  and  a  life  member 
of  the  Art  Association,  of  Montreal.  To 


support  the  principles  advanced  by  the  Rev. 
James  Roy,  who  had  been  accused  of  heresy 
in  the  Methodist  church,  and  with  the  view 
of  retaining  him  in  the  ministry,  Mr.  Bur- 
land  built  and  equipped  one  of  the  hand- 
somest churches  in  the  city  of  Montreal,  at 
a  cost  of  over  $50,000.  We  merely  mention 
this  as  an  instance  of  the  liberal  assistance 
which  he  has  extended  to  others  without 
desiring  or  allowing  publicity,  and  in  fact 
many  other  proofs  of  his  generosity  are 
known  to  the  writer,  which  have  been  care- 
fully hidden  from  the  world  by  their  donor. 
This  sacred  edifice  has  since  become  the 
property  of  the  St.  Gabriel  Church  congre- 
gation, to  which  body  Mr.  Burland  donated 
the  sum  of  $5,000.  He  also  contributed 
the  sum  of  $2,500  to  the  Congregational 
College,  Montreal,  and  has  always  been  a 
liberal  contributor  to  charitable  objects. 
He  was,  furthermore,  one  of  the  original 
subscribers  to  the  stock  of  the  Windsor 
Hotel  Company,  Montreal,  and  was  one  of 
the  few  who  formed  a  syndicate  to  complete 
the  building  at  a  time  when  its  success  ap- 
peared to  be  doubtful.  He  has  been  one 
of  the  directors  for  many  years,  is  the  vice- 
president,  and  largest  shareholder  in  the 
company.  He  is  also  widely  interested  in 
the  manufacturing  industries  and  joint  stock 
companies  of  the  Dominion,  and  is  one  of 
the  largest  property-owners  in  the  city  of 
Montreal.  Some  of  its  most  modern  and 
artistic  buildings  have  been  erected  by  him, 
and  he  was  the  first  of  the  citizens  to  import 
some  of  the  beautiful  woods  of  British  Co- 
lumbia which  have  been  used  in  their  con- 
struction. Mr.  Burland  married,  in  1857, 
Clarissa,  the  youngest  daughter  of  the  late 
George  Cochrane,  of  Quebec,  by  whom  he 
had  one  son  and  three  daughters.  When 
his  son  became  of  age  a  few  years  ago  he 
presented  him  with  $25,000  as  a  birthday 
present.  His  gifts  to  other  members  of  his 
household  have  been  proportionately  liberal 
on  their  attaining  their  majority.  The  ac- 
tion of  Mr.  Burland  in  this  matter,  as  well 
as  in  his  numerous  acts  of  munificence  to 
the  many  charitable  institutions  of  the  city 
of  Montreal  and  elsewhere,  is  worthy  of  the 
highest  commendation,  and  we  trust  the  day 
is  not  far  distant  when  the  men  of  wealth 
and  noble  instincts  will  follow  his  example, 
and  not  defer  the  disposal  of  their  wealth 
till  after  death,  but  witness,  in  the  evening 
of  their  days,  the  great  blessings  they  were 
enabled  to  impart  to  their  fellow  beings. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


443 


In  the  year  1883  Mr.  Bui-land  paid  a  visit 
to  Europe  with  his  family,  travelling  over 
England,  Ireland,  Scotland,  France,  Ger- 
many and  Switzerland,  and  thereby  greatly 
benefiting  his  health;  and  since  then,  while 
still  keeping  an  eye  on  his  numerous  inter- 
ests, he  is  free  to  devote  much  time  to  works 
of  philanthropy  and  public  usefulness.  He 
is  still  comparatively  a  young  man,  and 
there  is  every  reason  to  hope  that  he  will 
be  spared  many  years  to  the  circle  of  his 
family,  and  to  the  more  enlarged  sphere  of 
good  citizenship.  Men  of  his  stamp  are 
not  met  with  every  day,  and  the  lesson  of 
patience,  industry,  thrift  and  business  man- 
agement, resulting  in  the  accumulation  of 
large  wealth,  invested  where  it  can  do  most 
private  and  public  good,  which  his  career 
presents,  is  worthy  of  permanent  commem- 
oration. 

Tel  Her,  IB  on.  Loui§,  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
St.  Hyacinthe,  is  a  son  of  Zephirin  Tellier, 
of  Ste.  Melanie  de  Daillebout,  yeoman,  and 
Luce  Ferland,  daughter  of  Prisque  Ferland, 
and  was  born  at  Berthier-en-haut,  December 
24th,  1844.  The  Tellier  family  came  from 
France  about  1789,  its  progenitor  in  this 
province  settling  at  Berthier-en-haut.  Mr. 
Tellier  was  educated  at  Joliette  College; 
began  the  study  of  law  at  Joliette,  under  the 
Hon.  Mr.  Baby,  who  became  federal  minis- 
ter of  inland  revenue,  and  is  now  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  and 
finished  at  St.  Hyacinthe,  under  the  Hon. 
Hubert  W.  Chagnon,  now  a  puisne  judge 
of  the  Superior  Court,  and  was  called  to  the 
bar  at  Montreal  on  the  16th  of  October, 
1866;  and  since  1873  has  been  in  practice 
at  St.  Hyacinthe,  being  the  senior  member 
of  the  firms  of  Tellier,  DeLabruere  and 
Beauchemin,  and  of  Tellier,  Lussier  and 
Geudron.  He  has  a  liberal  share  of  busi- 
ness in  both  the  civil  and  criminal  courts, 
and  an  honorable  standing  in  the  profes- 
sion, being  a  hard  student,  well  informed 
in  law  matters,  and  preparing  his  cases 
with  the  greatest  care  and  credit.  His  opin- 
ion on  legal  points  is  not  given  hurriedly, 
but,  once  expressed,  can  be  relied  on.  He 
is  very  precise  and  honorable  in  all  his 
dealings.  His  law  library  is  one  of  the  best 
of  its  kind  in  the  district  of  St.  Hyacinthe. 
Mr.  Tellier  was  deputy  prothonotary  of  the 
Superior  Court,  and  deputy  clerk  of  the 
circuit  court  for  this  district,  from  1863  to 
1873,  and  crown  attorney  for  the  eame 


from  the  last-named  date  until  1878.  He 
was  first  elected  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons of  Canada  in  September,  1878,  for 
the  county  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  an  un- 
successful candidate  at  the  general  election 
in  1882.  His  politics  are  Conservative, 
and  though  younger  than  the  majority  of 
his  political  confreres  in  the  district,  very 
few  of  them  have  more  talent,  prestige  and 
influence.  When  elected  to  parliament,  he 
drew  more  than  the  full  party  vote.  Mr. 
Tellier  was  married  in  St.  Hyacinthe,  on 
the  26th  of  May,  1868,  to  Hermine,  second 
daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Adolphe  Malhiot 
and  Hermine  Lamothe,  who  died  on  the  7th 
of  February,  1878,  leaving  one  son,  and  on 
the  18th  of  July,  1882,  to  Elzire,  daughter 
of  J.  A.  Hamel,  collector  of  customs  of  St. 
Hyacinthe.  The  family  belong  to  the  Eo- 
man  Catholic  church,  and  on  the  24th  of 
June,  1880,  Mr.  Tellier  was  a  delegate  to 
represent  St.  Hyacinthe  at  the  grand  na- 
tional fete  of  St.  Jean  Eaptiste,  held  in  Que- 
bec. He  was  appointed  a  Queen's  coun- 
sel on  the  23rd  of  January,  1882.  He  has 
lately,  and  most  deservedly,  been  appointed 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec. 

Haliburton,  Thomas  Chandler, 
was  born  at  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  in  De- 
cember, 1796,  and  there  received  the  pri- 
mary portion  of  his  education.  He  then 
attended  the  University  of  King's  College, 
and  graduated  with  high  honors  in  1824, 
At  an  early  period  of  his  college  course  he 
showed  a  decided  taste  for  literary  pursuits, 
and  took  many  prizes,  among  them  the 
English  essay  prize,  which  he  succeeded  in 
wresting  from  the  expectant  grasp  of  sever- 
al able  competitors.  On  leaving  college  he 
turned  his  attention  to  law,  entered  the  legal 
profession  and  practised  at  Annapolis,  where 
he  had  a  large  and  lucrative  connection. 
He  then,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of 
friends,  entered  the  Legislative  Assembly  of 
Nova  Scotia,  as  member  for  the  county  of 
Annapolis,  and  here  his  fine  intellect,  and 
good  debating  powers,  soon  gave  him  a 
leading  position.  As  an  orator  he  is  said 
to  have  been  "  earnest,  impressive  and  dig- 
nified; though  he  often  showed  a  strong 
propensity  for  wit  and  humor."  In  1828 
he  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas,  and  discharged  the 
duties  of  his  position  with  great  ability  till 
1840,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Su- 
preme Court.  In  February,  1856,  he  re- 


444 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


signed  his  office,  left  his  native  land;  and 
found  a  home  in  England,  where  he  spent 
the  remainder  of  his  days.  At  the  general 
elections  in  1859  he  entered  the  Imperial 
parliament  as  member  for  Lancaster.  Here 
he  joined  in  some  of  the  debates;  but  par- 
liamentary life  appears  to  have  become 
irksome  to  him,  and  his  greatest  pleasure 
was  derived  from  advancing  the  interests  of 
the  village  of  Isleworth,  where  he  lived,  by 
aiding  the  philanthropical  projects  of  its 
inhabitants,  and  contributing  to  its  charita- 
ble institutions;  and  it  was  there  he  died,  on 
the  27th  August,  1865.  Haliburton  first  be- 
came known  as  an  author  in  1829,  when  he 
published  "An  Historical  and  Statistical 
Account  of  Nova  Scotia,"  This  work  is 
said  to  be  written  with  "  clearness,  spirit, 
accuracy,  and  impartiality,"  and  is  at  the 
present  day  regarded  as  a  standard  work. 
So  much  was  thought  of  it  that  the  House 
of  Assembly  in  Nova  Scotia  tendered  the 
author  a  vote  of  thanks,  which  he  received 
when  in  his  place  in  parliament.  In  1834 
he  published  "  Kentucky,"  a  tale.  In  1837 
the  first  series  of  "The  Qock  Maker;  or 
Sayings  and  Doings  of  Sam.  Slick  of  Slick- 
ville,"  came  before  the  public,  which  was 
followed  by  the  second  and  third  series  in 
1838  and  1840.  It  was  in  order  to  preserve 
some  anecdotes  and  stories,  which  were  too 
good  to  be  lost,  and  were  in  danger  of  pass- 
ing into  oblivion,  that  Haliburton  wrote, 
anonymously,  a  series  of  articles  for  a  pa- 
per, the  Nova  Scotian,  speaking  to  the 
public  through  the  madium  of  a  Yankee 
pedlar.  These  papers  were  a  great  success, 
and  appeared  as  a  collection  under  the 
foregoing  title,  and  as  a  work  on  common 
sense  it  is  doubtful  if  it  has  its  equal.  It 
has  been  re-published  in  England  and  the 
United  States,  and  translated  into  foreign 
.languages.  In  1839  he  published  "The 
Letter-Bag  of  the  Great  Western;  or  Life 
in  a  Steamer,"  after  which  followed  "  The 
Bubbles  of  Canada";  "A  Reply  to  the 
Report  of  Lord  Dufferin";  "Traits  of 
American  Humor";  "Sam.  Slick's  Wise 
Saws  and  Modern  Instances  " ;  "  The  Old 
Judge;  or  Life  in  a  Colony  " ;  "  The  Ameri- 
cans at  Home  " ;  "  Rule  and  Misrule  of  the 
English  in  America";  "The  Attache;  or 
Sam.  Slick  in  England  " ;  "  Yankee  Stories 
and  Yankee  Letters  " ;  "  The  Sayings  and 
Doings  of  Sam.  Slick,  Esq.,  with  his  Opin- 
ion on  Matrimony  " ;  "  Sam.  Slick  in  Search 
of  a  Wife  "  "  Nature  and  Human  Nature." 


Two  of  his  speeches  have  also  been  pub- 
lished; one  on  "  Resources  and  Prospects  of 
British  North  America,"  in  1857,  and  the 
other,  "  On  the  Repeal  of  the  Differential 
Duties  on  Foreign  and  Colonial  Wool." 
Critics  say,  "  although  a  man  of  mark  in 
other  departments  of  literature,  Haliburton 
is  best  known  as  a  humorist."  His  "  His- 
tory of  Nova  Scotia  "  will  bear  comparison 
with  any  works  of  a  similar  krhd  that  have 
appeared  in  America;  but  it  is  to  Sam. 
Slick  that  he  owes  his  fame.  ^  The  revela- 
tions and  remarks  of  the  Yankee  pedlar  are 
valuable,  no  less  for  their  shrewdness  and 
sound  sense,  than  for  their  raciness  and 
humor,  their  sarcasms  and  laughable  exag- 
gerations. Haliburton  is  indeed  more  than 
a  humorist;  and  his  productions  will  be  read 
with  profit  by  others  besides  his  country- 
men. As  a  story-teller  he  is  inimitable,  and 
the  quaint  dialect  in  which  his  yarns  are 
couched  increases  the  comic  effect  of  his 
utterances.  Sam.  Slick  has  an  individuality 
that  insures  for  him  a  place  amongst  the 
best  known  characters  of  fiction.  It  is 
needless  to  say  anything  more  of  one  who 
has  attained  such  world-wide  celebrity  as 
he  who  is  familiarly  known  to  Canadians  as 
Judge  Haliburton. 

Gervai§,  Marie  Emery,  M.D.,  Three 
Rivers,  a  descendant  of  a  French  family 
who  migrated  from  France  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  present  century,  and  settled  in 
the  prosperous  city  of  Three  Rivers,  was 
born  in  that  city  on  the  13th  of  December, 
1845,  and  is  the  son  of  Louis  Emery  Ger- 
vais,  a  merchant  of  good  repute,  and  a 
highly  esteemed  citizen,  who  served  his 
fellow-townsmen  in  the  capacity  of  coun- 
cillor for  over  twenty  years;  his  mother 
was  Julie  Huart,  of  Point  Levis.  The  doc- 
tor was  educated  at  the  college  of  Three 
Rivers,  and  on  completing  a  full  course  of 
classical  studies  in  that  institution,  removed 
to  Montreal,  and  entered  the  Medical  and 
Surgical  School,  to  follow  a  course  of  medi- 
cal studies,  and  in  May,  1869,  graduated 
M.D.  at  the  University  of  Victoria  College, 
Cobourg.  He  then  returned  to  his  native 
place,  where  he  has  practised  ever  since, 
enjoying  the  confidence  and  esteem  of 
the  entire  community.  His  urbane  man- 
ners and  uniform  courtesy  and  kindness, 
together  with  the  careful  attention  he  be- 
stows on  all  who  come  under  his  care  have 
made  him  hosts  of  friends.  He  served  in 
the  town  council  for  several  years,  and  in 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


445 


July,  1881,  he  was  returned  by  acclamation 
for  the  ward  he  had  previously  represented. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Board 
of  Health,  to  which  office  he  was  appointed 
for  a  term  of  three  years  in  July,  1880.  On 
the  6th  of  August,  1870,  he  married  Marie 
Madeleine  Etuchienne,  daughter  of  the  late 
Edouard  Normand,  of  Three  Rivers,  by 
whom  he  has  issue  twelve  children,  five  sons 
and  seven  daughters.  The  Normand  family 
is  well  and  favorably  known  in  Three  Rivers, 
where  it  has,  numerous  representatives,  and 
by  his  alliance  with  it,  Dr.  Gervais  seems 
to  have  been  endowed  with  the  many  es- 
timable and  philanthropic  characteristics 
which  are  its  inheritance. 

Tnrcotte,  Hon.  Arthur,  Q.G.,  Three 
Rivers,  Quebec. — The  distinguished  subject 
of  this  sketch  bears  a  name  deservedly 
honored  in  Lower  Canadian  annals,  and  for 
over  half  a  century  intimately  associated 
with  the  institutions,  development  and  his- 
tory of  the  city  of  Three  Rivers.  His  father 
was  one  of  the  most  remarkable  of  the  emi- 
nent public  men  of  Lower  Canada  during 
the  last  generation.  The  Hon.  J.  E.  Tur- 
cotte  was,  during  his  lifetime,  Speaker  of  the 
Legislative  Assembly  of  United  Canada 
and  a  member  of  the  Macdonald-Cartier 
Cabinet,  and  played  a  leading  part  in  the 
politics  of  his  day,  besides  endowing  Three 
Rivers  with  important  public  works  of  all 
kinds,  which  have  handed  down  his  fame 
to  a  grateful  posterity.  Among  these  last- 
ing mementoes  of  his  services  to  his  consti- 
tuents may  be  more  specially  mentioned 
the  railway  from  Arthabaska  to  Doucet's 
Landing,  and  the  extensive  wharves  on  the 
water  front  of  the  trinuvian  city.  The  first 
charter  of  the  Piles  Railway  was  secured 
through  his  exertions,  and,  though  he  did 
not  live  to  see  that  road  built,  the  honor  of 
its  initiative  still  remains  attached  to  his 
memory.  He  further  earned  the  title  of  a 
public  benefactor  by  his  large  and  gener- 
ous gifts  to  local  institutions  of  charity,  edu- 
cation and  religion,  which  still  sacredly 
cherish  his  name  and  lineaments,  while  his 
energy  and  eloquence  continue  to  be  house- 
hold words  throughout  the  province  of  Que- 
bec. His  son,  the  Hon.  Henri  Re"ne  Arthur 
Turcotte,  is  the  worthy  representative  of 
a  distinguished  father,  whose  life-work  he 
has  warmly  taken  up,  and  in  whose  foot- 
steps he  has  faithfully  walked  ;  so  that  be- 
tween the  careers  of  the  father  and  the  son, 
there  are  many  striking  points  of  analogy. 


Both  have  played  a  controlling  part  in  the 
general  politics  of  the  country,  as  well  as  in 
the  affairs  of  Three  Rivers  as  a  city,  fighting 
the  same  battles,  and  filling  the  same  posi- 
tions as  ministers  and  speakers  of  the  House. 
In  both,  too,  are  to  be  found  united  the 
same  energy  and  industry,  the  same  civic 
spirit,  which  have  raised  them  to  the  pedes- 
tal of  public  benefactors  in  the  eyes  of  their 
fellow-citizens.  Hon.  Arthur  Turcotte  is 
still  in  the  full  vigor  of  manhood.  Born  at 
Montreal,  on  the  19th  January,  1845,  he  re- 
ceived a  brilliant  education  at  the  Jesuits' 
College,  Montreal,  and  Stoneyhurst  College, 
Lancashire,  England.  He  early  developed 
remarkable -literary  and  artistic  tastes,  and 
the  oratorical  talent  which  he  inherited  from 
his  father,  one  of  the  most  eloquent  men  of 
his  time.  In  1867,  Mr.  Arthur  Turcotte  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  where  he  soon  won  a 
prominent  position.  In  1879  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  Queen's  counsel.  He  took  an 
active  and  important  part  in  the  municipal 
affairs  of  his  native  city,  and  represented 
his  fellow  citizens  during  a  number  of  years 
successively  as  councillor,  alderman  and 
mayor.  He  was  returned  to  the  Quebec 
Legislature  by  the  popular  vote  for  the  first 
time  in  March,  1876.  Two  years  later,  the 
electoral  division  of  Three  Rivers  re-elected 
him  by  acclamation,  and  on  the  4th  June, 
1878,  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Quebec 
raised  him  to  the  dignity  of  its  speaker, 
which  he  continued  to  fill  until  the  dissolu- 
tion of  the  houses,  in  1881.  At  the  general 
elections  of  1881,  he  was  again  a  candidate 
for  Three  Rivers,  but  the  close  of  the  polls 
found  him  in  a  minority.  The  election  of 
his  successful  competitor,  Mr.  Dumoulin, 
having  been  set  aside,  however,  for  corrup- 
tion, a  new  election  took  place  in  March, 
1884,  and  Hon.  Mr.  Turcotte  was  again  re- 
turned to  the  legislature.  At  the  general 
elections  of  the  14th  October,  1886,  super- 
human efforts  were  made  to  defeat  him,  but 
he  once  more  triumphed  with  a  considerable 
majority  of  the  popular  vote.  When  Hon. 
H.  Mercier  was  charged  with  the  formation 
of  a  new  cabinet  for  the  Province  of  Que- 
bec, in  1887,  Hon.  Mr.  Turcotte  was  asked 
to  enter  it,  and  did  so  as  a  minister  with- 
out portfolio.  Some  mcpths  later  he  was 
called  to  act  as  commissioner  of  crown 
lands,  during  the  absence  of  the  actual  in- 
cumbent, the  Hon.  Mr.  Garneau,  who  was 
in  Europe,  for  the  benefit  of  his  health.  In 
November,  1887,  ill-health  having  forced 


446 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Mr.  Premier  Mercier  to  take  a  rest  for  some 
time,  Hon.  Mr.  Turcotte  was  charged  by  him 
to  act  as  Premier,  and  preside  over  the  cab- 
inet councils  during  his  absence.  The  act- 
ing prime  minister  of  Quebec  is  generally 
admitted  to  be  one  of  the  most  powerful 
and  popular  tribunes  of  his  day.  In  the 
house,  he  never  speaks  without  adding  new 
and  precious  light  to  any  question  under 
debate,  and  his  deliverances  are  always 
marked  by  much  originality  and  independ- 
ence of  thought.  He  has  ever  been  the 
friend  of  the  masses,  and  to  his  exertions 
they  are  indebted  for  the  Quebec  Statute, 
exempting  from  attachment  one-half  of 
workmen's  wages.  His  industrious  habits 
make  him  a  valuable  representative,  and  he 
has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  public 
legislation.  He  has  been  the  author  of 
numerous  amendments  for  the  simplifica- 
tion of  the  civic  code,  and  of  the  procedure 
before  the  Civil  Courts.  He  has  also  done 
much  for  the  city  of  Three  Kivers,  where, 
notwithstanding  the  bitterness  of  political 
contests,  his  name  is  exceedingly  popular. 
Like  his  illustrious  father,  he  has  contri- 
buted largely  to  the  improvement  and  ex- 
tension of  its  railway  facilities.  The  Three 
Rivers  "  loop  line,"  an  important  local  ac- 
commodation, is  due  to  his  initiative  and 
exertions,  and  he  is  actually  engaged  in 
promoting  another  great  public  enterprise, 
the  Three  Rivers  and  North-western  Rail- 
way, which  promises  most  beneficial  results. 
Hon.  Mr.  Turcotte  is  a  director  of  the  Brit- 
ish Empire  Life  Assurance  Company.  On 
16th  January,  1873,  he  was  wedded  to  Marie 
Eleanore  Isabella,  only  daughter  of  Angus 
Macdonald,  of  Becancour. 

Fabre,  Mo§t  Rev.  Edward  C.,  Ro- 
man Catholic  Archbishop  of  Montreal,  was 
born  in  the  city  in  which  he  holds  such  a 
high  and  holy  office,  on  the  28th  February, 
1827.  His  parents,  Edward  Raymond  Fabre, 
and  Lucy  Perrault,  were  both  born  in  Mont- 
real. His  father  for  many  years  carried  on 
the  business  of  bookselling,  standing,  dur- 
ing his  lifetime,  high  in  the  estimation  of 
his  fellow  citizens,  and  was  mayor  of  the 
city  in  1849-50.  Archbishop  Fabre  is  the 
eldest  of  a  family  of  five  children  who  sur- 
vive their  father.  A  younger  brother,  Hon. 
Louis  R.  Hector  Fabre,  occupied  a  seat  in 
the  senate  of  the  Dominion  for  a  number 
of  years,  for  La  Salle;  and  a  sister,  Hor- 
tense,  was  married  to  the  late  Sir  George 
E.  Cartier.  The  Most  Rev.  Archbishop 


Fabre  was  educated  at  St.  Hyacinthe  Col- 
lege, Quebec  province,  and  at  Issy,  near 
Paris,  in  France.  He  received  the  tonsure 
at  the  hands  of  Archbishop  Affre,  of  Paris, 
on  the  17th  May,  1845,  and,  returning  to 
Canada,  was  ordained  in  Montreal  on  the 

23rd  February,  1850,  by  Bishop  Prince. 
After  remaining  four  years  in  Montreal,  he 
was  appointed  curate  of  Sorel,  where  he 
proceeded  and  entered  upon  his  duties  on 
the  3rd  of  April,  1850.  In  1852  he  was 
promoted  to  the  office  of  parish  priest  at 
Pointe  Claire,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  river, 
between  Lachine  and  St.  Anne.  Here  he 
remained  until  November,  1854,  and  then 
returned  to  the  bishop's  palace,  at  Montreal. 
He  was  made  a  canon  on  the  25th  Decem- 
ber, 1855;  on  the  1st  April,  1873,  was  ap- 
pointed bishop  of  Gratianopolis,  and  was 
consecrated  by  Archbishop  Taschereau,  of 
Quebec,  on  the  1st  of  May  following.  In 
1876,  on  the  resignation  of  Bishop  Bourget, 
he  became  bishop  of  Montreal,  and  entered 
upon  the  important  duties  of  that  office  in 
September  of  that  year,  and  was  created 
Archbishop  of  the  same  See  on  the  8th  of 
June,  1886,  on  which  date  the  See  was  cre- 
ated an  Archbishopric.  Archbishop  Fabre 
has  a  large  territory  under  his  control  and 
superintendence,  but  he  has  not  shrunk  from 
his  duties.  He  is  beloved  by  "his  people, 
and  works  in  the  full  consciousness  that  he 
is  in  the  right  path,  and  has  been  called  of 
God  to  do  His  work  on  earth. 

Mackinto§Ii,Cliarle§  II.,  Journalist, 
Ottawa,  was  born  in  London,  Ontario,  in 
1843.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Captain  Wil- 
liam Mackintosh,  county  engineer  of  Mid- 
dlesex, Ontario,  who  came  to  Canada  as  an 
attache  of  the  ordnance  branch  of  the  British 

army.  Mr.  Mackintosh  has  led  an  unusu- 
ally active  life,  and  has  succeeded  in  mak- 
ing his  way,  unaided,  from  an  humble  po- 
sition to  one  of  honor  and  influence.  He 
was  educated  at  the  Gait  Grammar  school 
and  Caradoc  Academy,  two  well-known  in- 
stitutions at  that  time.  When  almost  yet  a 
schoolboy  he  had  strong  impulses  toward  a 
literary  life.  When  the  Prince  of  Wales 
came  to  Canada,  in  1860,  an  ode  of  welcome 
from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Mackintosh,  then  a 
youth  of  seventeen,  was  read  in  his  honor, 
and  presented  to  His  Royal  Highness.  Two 
years  later,  under  the  title  of  "Fat  Con- 
tributor," he  wrote  for  the  London  Free 
Press  a  series  of  bright  articles  which  were 
characteristically  named  "Hurry-Graphs." 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


447 


These  attracted  so  wide  attention,  that  the 
entrance  of  the  young  writer  into  journal- 
ism was  a  foregone  conclusion.  He  gave 
up  the  study  of  law,  upon  which  he  had 
entered,  and  became  first  reporter,  and  soon 
afterwards  city  editor  of  the  Free  Press. 
His  journalistic  career  was  marked  by  rapid 
progress.  In  1864  he  was  city  editor  of  the 
Hamilton  Times.  A  year  later  he  founded 
the  Dispatch,  of  Strathroy,  which  he  con- 
ducted until  1874.  In  1868  he  married 
Gertrude  Cooke,  daughter  of  T.  Cooke, 
J.  P.,  of  Strathroy.  In  1871,  he  founded 
the  Parkhill  Gazette,  which  he  controlled 
for  some  time,  while  still  managing  the  Dis- 
patch. In  the  same  year  he  unsuccessfully 
contested  North  Middlesex  as  Conservative 
candidate  for  the  local  legislature.  In  1871 
he  visited  Chicago  during  the  fire,  and 
wrote  a  description  of  the  terrible  event; 
60,000  copies  were  sold  in  two  weeks.  In 
1873  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  town 
council  of  Strathroy,  in  which  capacity  he 
exhibited  talents,  as  a  public  man,  which 
afterwards  showed  to  better  advantage  in 
a  wider  sphere.  Believing  in  himself,  as 
all  men  do  who  come  to  the  front  in  human 
aff airs,  he  deliberately  proceeded  to  fit  him- 
self for.  the  higher  place  in  public  life  which 
he  believed  himself  destined  to  fill.  Think- 
ing that  the  protection  system  which  had 
long  been  established  in  the  United  States 
would  come  up  for  active  discussion  in 
Canada,  he  went  to  Chicago,  accepting  the 
position  of  managing  editor  of  the  Chicago 
Journal  of  Commerce.  While  resident  in 
the  western  metropolis  he  studied  carefully 
the  protection  system,  as  well  as  other  insti- 
tutions of  the  United  States.  He  also  wrote 
a  graphic  account  of  the  United  States 
"panic,  of  1883."  Keturning  to  Canada, 
he  declined  an  editorial  position  on  the 
Mail ;  sold  out  his  interest  in  the  Strathroy 
Dispatch,  and  went  to  Ottawa,  where  he 
became  editor  of  the  Ottawa  Citizen,  the 
Conservative  journal  of  the  capital.  He  at 
once  attracted  attention,  not  only  because 
of  the  vigorous  management  and  writing  of 
the  Citizen,  but  because  of  the  active  in- 
terest he  displayed  in  public  questions.  At 
the  celebration  of  the  O'Connell  centennial 
he  wrote  a  poem  which  won  the  gold  and 
silver  medal  over  many  others  submitted. 
He  was  an  ardent  protectionist  long  before 
the  Conservative  party  accepted  that  system 
as  a  plank  in  their  platform,  and  must  be 
counted  as  one  of  the  leaders  in  that  great 


movement.  In  1877,  the  late  John  Kior- 
don,  of  St.  Catharines,  urged  Mr.  Mackin- 
tosh to  cooperate  with  him  in  reorganizing 
the  Mail,  but  the  offer  was  again  declined. 
His  active  interest  in  public  affairs,  com- 
bined with  an  unusual  share  of  those  qual- 
ities which  make  men  popular  with  their 
fellows,  caused  him  to  be  nominated  as 
mayor  of  Ottawa  in  1879,  and  the  result  of 
the  election  was  his  return  by  a  large  ma- 
jority. In  the  two  succeeding  years  he 
was  re-elected,  and  though  unseated  on  a 
technicality  after  the  third  contest,  he  was 
a  fourth  time  favored  with  the  support  of 
the  people  and  fulfilled  his  term.  As  mayor 
of  the  capital  of  Canada  he  inaugurated 
many  reforms  which  have  proved  of  the 
greatest  benefit  to  the  city.  In  the  general 
election  of  1882  he  was  one  of  the  Conser- 
vative candidates  in  Ottawa  for  the  House 
of  Commons,  and  both  he  and  his  colleague 
were  elected  by  sweeping  majorities.  Dur- 
ing his  term  in  parliament  he  made  several 
speeches  which  were  marked  by  a  combi- 
nation of  keen  common  sense,  full  informa- 
tion and  finished  oratory.  He  spoke  but 
seldom;  but  when  he  took  the  floor  he 
always  secured  a  careful  and  attentive  hear- 
ing. Mr.  Mackintosh  resigned  his  seat  for 
Ottawa  in  July,  1886,  but  at  the  request  of 
his  friends  agreed  to  hold  it  until  the  dis- 
solution, which  he  did.  The  capital  of 
Canada  is  no  bed  of  roses  for  any  active 
or  generous  man,  and  thus  the  senior  mem- 
ber found  it,  hence  his  positive  objection 
to  being  again  a  candidate.  In  the  last 
general  election  Mr.  Mackintosh,  by  the 
unanimous  wish  of  the  Conservative  party, 
contested  Kussell  against  Mr.  W.  C.  Ed- 
wards, the  largest  manufacturer  and  most 
popular  Liberal  in  the  county,  and  was  de- 
feated by  a  narrow  majority,  owing  mainlv 
to  the  feeling  against  the  government  among 
the  French-Canadians,  aroused  by  the  exe- 
cution of  Biel.  He  polled  2,146  votes,  or 
between  400  and  500  more  than  were  ever 
given  to  a  Conservative  candidate  in  that 
county.  The  Home  Rule  and  Eiel  cries 
concentrated  at  least  1,700  votes  solidly 
against  any  Conservative  nominee,  the  con- 
stituency being  largely  catholic.  The  elec- 
tion has  been  contested,  and  at  this  writing 
the  trial  on  the  merits  of  the  case  has  not 
been  held.  Mr.  Mackintosh,  besides  the 
prominent  part  he  has  taken  in  public  af- 
fairs, has  done  much  to  benefit  the  Ottawa 
region  by  the  formation  of  public  works. 


448 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Notably  he  was  the  chief  promoter  and 
president  of  the  Gatineau  Valley  Kailway 
Company,  and  succeeded  in  interesting  a 
syndicate  of  capitalists  in  the  enterprise,  so 
that  the  road  is  now  under  construction. 
Quite  recently  Mr.  Mackintosh  declined  to 
be  a  candidate  for  the  mayoralty  of  the 
capital  in  1888. 

Paton,  Andrew,  Sherbrooke,  Manag- 
ing Director  of  the  Paton  Manufacturing 
•  Company,  Sherbrooke,  dates  his  birth  on  the 
5th  of  April,  1833,  near  Stirling,  Scotland, 
his  parents  being  James  Paton  and  Mary 
Harvey,  the  former  dying  before  his  son  was 
born.  He  received  a  fair  English  educa- 
tion, and  at  an  early  age  became  an  appren- 
tice to  J.  and  D.  Paton,  woollen  manufac- 
turers, of  Tillicoultry,  Clackmannanshire, 
Scotland,  for  which  firm  he  worked  after 
finishing  his  apprenticeship.  In  1855,  Mr. 
Paton  came  to  this  country,  engaged  in  bus- 
iness, with  another  man,  in  the  manufacture 
of  cloth  at  Gait,  Ontario,  and  six  years  later 
went  to  Waterloo,  in  the  same  province, 
and  continued  the  same  business  under  the 
firm  name  of  Paton  and  Brickes.  Mr.  Paton 
was  the  first  man  in  Canada  to  make  double 
and  twist,  or  Scotch  tweeds.  In  1866,  he 
came  to  Sherbrooke,  and  took  charge  of 
what  shortly  afterwards  became  the  Paton 
Manufacturing  Company,  he  supervising 
the  erection  of  all  the  buildings  now  owned 
by  that  company,  one-half  being  put  up 
that  year,  and  the  rest  in  1872.  The  main 
building  next  the  office  is  212  feet  long, 
and  four  stories  above  the  basement;  the 
other  large  building  is  216  feet  long,  and 
five  stories  high.  Besides  these  two  build- 
ings, which  are  used  for  carding,  spinning, 
weaving  and  finishing,  are  the  dye  rooms, 
150  feet  long;  dressing  room,  100  feet  long, 
and  three  stories  high  including  basement; 
two  warehouses  the  same  height,  and  over 
100  feet  long;  and  a  number  of  other  build- 
ings, including  boiler-houses,  machine  and 
carpenters'  shops,  office,  etc.,  all  of  solid 
brick.  It  is  the  largest  factory  of  the  kind 
in  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  being  a  twen- 
ty-two set  mill.  The  ground  plan  of  the 
several  buildings,  their  construction  and  in- 
ternal arrangement,  and  the  whole  man- 
agement of  this  mammoth  institution  are 
highly  creditable  to  the  mechanical  talents 
and  business  capacity  of  Mr.  Paton.  The 
company  gives  employment  to  about  five 
hundred  and  fifty  men,  women  and  child- 
ren, and  pays  out  to  those  operatives  more 


than  $140,000  annually.  Such  miUs  add 
largely  to  fehe  population  of  a  town  or  city, 
and  greatly  benefit  the  surrounding  coun- 
try, as  well  as  the  place  in  which  they  are 
located,  affording  a  ready  and  good  market 
to  the  farmers  in  the  vicinity  for  their  wool, 
wood,  etc.  The  leading  fabrics  manufac- 
tured in  this  mill  are  tweeds,  cassimeres, 
overcoatings,  shoe-cloth  and  military  cloth, 
in  all  about  1,000,000  yards,  representing 
a  money  value  of  $600,000.  It  is  needless 
to  say  that  to  act  as  managing-director  of 
such  a  concern,  and  to  do  it  well,  requires 
a  clear  head  as  well  as  an  active  body,  and 
an  almost  ubiquitous  presence.  Yet  Mr. 
Paton  is  cool,  calculating,  far-seeing  and 
methodical,  and  never  seemingly  in  a  hurry. 
He  thoroughly  learned  the  business  of  cloth- 
making  in  the  first  place,  understands  it  to 
perfection,  and  everything  in  the  mill  moves 
like  clock-work.  Mr.  Paton  has  done  good 
work  in  the  city  council,  of  which  he  was  a 
member  for  eight  years,  acting  as  chakman 
of  the  Fire  Committee,  and  has  been  a  trus- 
tee of  the  Congregational  church,  in  which 
he  has  a  membership.  He  is  a  man  of  solid 
Christian  character,  and  one  of  those  citi- 
zens whom  Sherbrooke  could  ill  spare.  In 
1859,  he  was  joined  in  marriage  with  Isa- 
bella Moir,  an  estimable  Scotch  lady,  and 
they  have  six  children. 

Colfer,  George  William,  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel (Retired  List),  late  61st  Bat- 
talion Montmagny  and  1' Islet  Volunteer 
Infantry,  Barrister  and  Chief-Clerk  Provin- 
cial Secretary's  Office,  Quebec,  was  born  at 
Quebec,  31st  January,  1837,  youngest  son 
of  Charles  Colfer,  of  Banna,  county  Wex- 
ford,  Ireland,  who  came  to  this  country  in 
1820,  and  was  one  of  the  principal  founders 
of  St.  Patrick's  Church,  Quebec,  in  which 
he  was  buried,  on  19th  December,  1843, 
and  of  Eliza  Burke  Henley,  whose  family 
came  from  Tipperary,  and  settled  in  New- 
foundland towards  the  end  of  the  last  cen- 
tury. Educated  at  Quebec  Seminary  and 
Laval  University,  and  finished  a  complete 
collegiate  course  at  St.  Mary's  (Jesuit) 
College,  Montreal,  in  July,  1856.  In  No- 
vember of  the  same  year  he  entered  the 
office  of  the  eminent  legal  firm  of  Holt  & 
Irvine,  and  after  fulfilling  his  indentures 
with  them,  and  following  the  law  courses  at 
Laval  University,  was  admitted  to  the  Que- 
bec bar,  on  7th  January,  1861.  When 
confederation  was  established,  he  entered 
the  civil  service  of  his  native  province,  on 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


449 


17th  July,  1867,  as  chief  clerk  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Council,  where  he  remained  until 
November,  1869,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  his  present  office.  He  was  private  secre- 
tary to  the  first  premier  of  Quebec,  Hon. 
P.  J.  O.  Chauveau,  during  the  whole  of  his 
tenure  of  office,  and  also  to  several  of  his 
successors.  He  was  called  upon,  on  several 
occasions,  while  attending  to  his  own  duties, 
to  replace,  for  lengthened  periods,  the 
assistant  provincial  secretary,  and  also  acted 
as  deputy  provincial  registrar  for  over  a 
year.  He  acted  also  as  A.D.G.  and  secre- 
tary, at  various  times,  to  the  two  first  lieu- 
tenant-governors of  Quebec.  Lieoit.-Col. 
Golfer  might,  perhaps,  have  attained  a  high 
position  in  his  profession,  but  having  a  taste 
for  things  military,  and  not  being  anxious 
at  the  time  about  his  bread  and  cheese,  he 
undertook  to  go  contrary  to  Cicero's  Cedant 
anna  togce,  and  paid  more  attention  to  the 
eword  than  to  the  gown.  Having  joined  the 
Quebec  cavalry,  now  the  Q.  O.  C.  Hussars, 
in  1857,  he  left  that  corps  as  regimental 
sergeant-major  in  November,  1864,  to  join 
the  Military  School,  formed  at  Quebec,  un- 
der Colonel  Gordon,  C.B.,  H.  M.  17th  Regi- 
ment. In  December  following  he  obtained 
first  and  second-class  certificates,  was  imme- 
diately gazetted  captain  2nd  Battalion  Que- 
bec Regiment  Service  Militia,  under  27 
Viet.,  cap.  2,  sec.  19,  and  sent  to  Artha- 
baska  to  superintend  draft  in  that  district, 
on  30th  December,  1864-65.  Drill  instruc- 
tor to  Parliamentary  Drill  Association,  com- 
posed of  members  during  session  of  1864-65, 
under  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Suzor,  A.A.G. 
The  association  was  reviewed  and  compli- 
mented by  His  Excellency  Lord  Monck  and 
Sir  E.  P.  Tache",  Kt.  In  1865  he  was  ap- 
pointed, April  25th,  adjutant  1st  Western 
Administrative  Battalion  for  frontier  ser- 
vice. He  proceeded  to  Windsor,  Ontario, 
on  26th  same  month,  and  served  with  the 
battalion  until  its  recall  in  July  following. 
In  September,  1865,  he  was  present  at  ca- 
det camp,  Laprairie,  under  Colonel  (now 
Lord)  Wolseley,  and  promoted  to  sergeant, 
the  highest  rank  given,  field  and  staff  offi- 
cers being  regulars.  In  June,  1866 — Fenian 
raid — he  volunteered  as  cadet,  and  signed 
muster-roll  for  service  in  any  capacity.  He 
voluntered  also  to  take  over  a  company  of 
8th  battalion  R.R.,  as  captain,  if  ordered 
to  the  front.  In  1869-70  he  attended  the 
school,  formed  at  Quebec,  to  learn  new  drill. 
In  June,  1871,  he  was  appointed  paymas- 
BB 


ter  of  the  61st  battalion  Volunteer  Infantry. 
He  served  as  camp  quartermaster  of  the 
divisional  camp  at  LeVis.  In  September 
and  October,  he  was  present  at  battalion 
camp  61st  Cap  St.  Ignace.  In  December. 
1871,  and  January,  1872,  he  was  A.D.C. 
and  secretary  to  the  lieutenant-governor  of 
Quebec.  In  July  he  was  with  the  battalion 
at  divisional  camp  at  LeVis.  On  June  28th 
he  was  appointed  major  of  the  61st  Bat- 
talion. He  was  present  at  successive  camps, 
as  ordered.  From  the  1st  September  to  the 
1st  October,  he  was  A.D.C.  and  secretary 
to  the  lieutenant-governor.  On  November 
30th,  1877,  he  was  appointed  lieutenant- 
colonel  61st  battalion.  He  was  present  at 
all  successive  camps,  and  served  on  brigade 
staff,  as  musketry  instructor,  in  1882.  He 
retired,  retaining  rank,  ki  July,  1883.  He 
was  married,  26th  November,  1866,  to  Mary 
Rebecca  Blakiston,  daughter  of  Raymond 
Blakiston,  of  the  ancient  family  of  Blaki- 
ston, of  Durham,  England  (whose  father,  at 
one  time,  expected  to  fall  heir  to  a  great  part 
of  the  Tempest  estates,  through  his  great 
grandmother,  Margaret  Tempest,  and  which 
are  now  held  by  Vane  Tempest,  Marquis  of 
Londonderry),  and  Elizabeth  Jane  Henn,  of 
the  distinguished  Henn  family,  of  Paradise 
Hill,  county  Clare,  Ireland.  Mrs.  Golfer 
has  always  been  known  as  a  distinguished 
pianist,  and  a  vocalist  of  rare  power  and 
sweetness.  When  a  pupil  at  the  Ursuline 
Convent,  Quebec,  she  was  chosen  to  sing 
the  "  Ode  to  the  Prince  of  Wales,"  to  her 
own  harp  accompaniment,  when  His  Royal 
Highness  visited  that  institution,  in  1860. 
She  also  wields  a  graceful  and  facile  pen; 
is  the  author  of  "  Stray  Leaves,"  and  sev- 
eral short  sketches,  and  often  contributes  to 
the  local  press,  French  and  English,  under 
her  nom  de  plume.  The  issue  of  this  mar- 
riage was  one  son  and  six  daughters;  five 
daughters  survive,  the  eldest  of  whom  gra- 
duated this  year  (1887)  at  the  Jesu  Marie 
Convent,  Sillery,  and  had  the  honor  of  car- 
rying off  the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne's  medal, 
for  excellence.  The  Colonel  was  born,  and 
hopes  to  die,  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  St.  Patrick's  Literary  Insti- 
tute, of  which  he  has  been,  at  different  times, 
president  and  vice-president ;  of  the  Quebec 
Historical  Society,  and  of  the  Quebec  Geo- 
graphical Society.  Being  a  member  of  the 
civil  service,  he  does  not  consider  it  becom- 
ing to  take  part  in  political  matters,  though 
free  to  have  his  own  opinions. 


450 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Vault,  Joseph,  the  present  joint  Regis- 
trar of  St.  Hyacinthe,  province  of  Quebec, 
was  born  at  St.  Ours,  on  the  17th  of  April, 
1841.  Early  in  life  his  father,  Jean  Bap- 
tiste  Nault,  who  is  a  well  known  farmer  of 
Quebec,  married  Edes'n  Girouard,  and  in 
1886  they  celebrated  their  golden  wedding 
at  which  eighty  relatives,  consisting  of 
eight  children  with  their  families  and  some 
other  distant  connections  were  present. 
Joseph  Nault,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
received  his  education  at  the  St.  Hyacinthe 
Seminary,  where  he  took  a  full  classical 
course.  In  1865  he  passed  his  examination, 
and  was  duly  admitted  as  a  notary  for  the 
province  of  Quebec.  He  was  secretary  of 
the  city  of  St.  Hyacinthe  from  1868  to  1874, 
and  only  retired  from  that  office  in  order  to 
take  a  position  in  the  bank  of  St.  Hyacinthe. 
In  1879,  having  received  the  appointment 
of  joint  registrar,  he  resigned  his  position 
in  the  bank,  of  which  he  is  now  a  director. 
He  has  taken  a  great  interest  in  the  muni- 
cipal affairs  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  where  he 
occupied  the  position  of  alderman  from 
1874  to  1879,  and  was  one  of  the  promoters 
of  the  St.  Hyacinthe  waterworks,  which 
were  erected  in  1875,  and  of  which  he  is 
secretary  and  also  a  shareholder.  Since 
1878  he  has  been  president  of  the  school 
commissioners.  He  belongs  to  the  prevail- 
ing religious  denomination  in  Quebec,  the 
Roman  Catholic  church,  and  in  politics  is  a 
Liberal.  He  was  married  on  the  8th  of 
November,  1864,  to  Flavie  Bourgeois,  and 
has  a  family  of  nine  children  and  two  grand- 
children. 

Ouimet,  Hon.  Gedeon,  Q.C.,D.C.L., 
Quebec,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion for  the  Province  of  Quebec,  officer  of 
Public  Instruction  of  France,  Commander 
of  the  Order  of  St.  Gregory  the  Great, 
member  of  the  "  Academie  des  Arcades  de 
Rome,"  president  of  the  Council  of  Public 
Instruction,  and  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Committee,  of  the  province  of  Quebec^  was 
born  in  Ste.  Rose,  Laval  county,  on  the  3rd 
June,  1823.  His  father,  Jean  Ouimet,  far- 
mer, was  descended  from  an  old  French 
family;  and  his  mother  was  Marie  Bontron 
dit  Major.  Mr.  Ouimet  received  a  classical 
education  at  the  colleges  of  St.  Hyacinthe 
and  Montreal,  having  at  the  last  named 
place  been  under  the  charge  of  the  noted 
instructor,  1'Abb^  Duchaine.  He  studied 
law  with  Mr.  Sicotte,  who  was  afterwards 
promoted  to  the  bench,  rnd  was  admitted 


to  the  bar,  at  Montreal,  in  August,  1844. 
Mr.  Ouimet  practised  his  profession  for 
about  five  years,  when  he  removed  to  Yaud- 
reuil.  In  October,  1853,  he  returned  to 
Montreal,  and  continued  his  profession 
along  with  L.  S.  Morin  and  L.  W.  Mar- 
chand,  and  afterwards  with  P.  Moreau  and 
J.  A.  Chapleau.  He  soon  rose  to  promi- 
nence in  his  profession,  and  was  highly  re- 
spected by  his  fellow- citizens.  He 'was 
created  a  Queen's  counsel  in  1867,  and  for 
a  period  served  as  batonnier  for  Quebec 
province.  In  1869  he  filled  the  position  of 
president  of  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society 
of  Montreal.  He  has  also  held  the  presi- 
dent's chair  of  ihelnstitut  Canadien-Fran- 
gais;  and  is  a  member  of  the  Literary  and 
Historical  Society;  and  the  Geographical 
Society  of  Quebec.  He  was  appointed 
commissioner  to  the  Indian  and  Colonial 
Exhibition,  in  1886.  Entering  political 
life,  he  represented  the  county  of  Beau- 
harnois  from  1857  fo  1861  in  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly  of  Canada.  From  Confed- 
eration in  1867  to  1876  he  represented 
the  county  of  Two  Mountains  in  the  Que- 
bec legislature,  and  was  attorney- general 
of  the  province  until  February,  1873,  when 
he  became  premier,  minister  of  public  in- 
struction (succeeding  the  Hon.  P.  J.  O, 
Chauveau),  and  provincial  secretary.  At 
that  time  it  was  necessary  that  the  minis- 
ter of  public  instruction  should  be  a  mem- 
ber of  the  parliament;  but  after  a  while  it 
became  evident  to  observant  statesmen  that 
the  two  positions  were  too  burdensome  for 
one  man  to  hold,  if  not  inimical  to  the 
best  interests  of  education.  Consequently, 
in  1875,  the  Assembly  passed  an  act  abol- 
ishing the  dual  office,  and  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  educational  affairs  of  the  pro- 
vince was  put  in  the  same  position  it  was 
before  confederation,  namely,  in  charge  of 
a  superintendent.  The  judgment  of  the 
proper  authorities,  as  well  as  public  senti- 
ment, pointed  to  the  Hon.  Mr.  Ouimet  as 
the  person  best  fitted  to  this  highly  respon- 
sible position,  and  he  was,  on  the  1st  Feb- 
ruary, 1876,  appointed  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  for  the  province,  when  he 
retired  from  public  life.  Since  that  time 
educational  matters  have  been  greatly  im- 
proved ;  and  in  all  cases  in  which  Protestant 
and  Roman  Catholic  educational  interests 
infringed  upon  each  other,  or  came  into 
collision,  he  has  succeeded  in  smoothing 
down  the  conflicting  elements  by  his  strictly 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


451 


impartial  decisions.  And  judging  from  his 
many  published  addresses,  and  the  fre- 
quency of  his  visits  to  Protestant  schools  on 
public  occasions,  it  cannot  be  questioned 
that  he  is  at  heart  a  real  friend  of  education, 
irrespective  of  creed  or  nationality.  His 
well-known  urbanity,  legal  eminence,  ex- 
perience in  public  business,  and  impartial 
zeal  in  the  cause  of  public  education  not 
only  qualify  him,  in  a  mixed  community  like 
that  of  Quebec,  for  the  important  public 
post  which  he  occupies,  but  justify  the 
bright  future  for  education  in  his  province. 
Hon.  Mr.  Ouimet  is  a  D.C.L  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville,  and 
of  Laval  University.  He  is  the  author  of 
the  "  Law  on  District  Magistrates " ;  and 
while  in  the  legislature  he  secured  impor- 
tant amendments  to  the  law  relating  to  the 
qualification  of  jurors  in  criminal  cases,  and 
also  in  the  code  of  procedure.  Herein  it 
will  be  seen  that  he  has,  in  more  ways  than 
one,  and  is  still  leaving  the  impress  of  his 
well-disciplined  and  powerful  mind  in  the 
archives  of  his  native  province.  In  1878 
he  was  named  by  the  French  government 
"  Officier  d'Instruction  publique,"  as  a  mark 
of  distinction  and  approbation  of  the  scho- 
lastic exhibition  of  Quebec  province  during 
the  International  Exhibition  held  in  Paris 
that  year.  In  August,  1850  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Jfme  Pellant,  daughter  of  the  late 
Alexis  Pellant,  and  they  have  had  a  family 
of  six  children,  five  of  whom  are  married. 

Gauvreau,  Rev.  Anloiiie,  Parish 
Priest,  Levis,  was  born  at  Bimouski,  on  the 
22nd  September,  1841.  His  father  was  Pierre 
Gauvreau,  a  notary  public,  and  his  mother 
Elizabeth  Duberges.  Kev.  Mr.  Gauvreau 
was  sent  to  the  college  of  Ste.  Anne  de  La- 
pocatiere,  in  the  county  of  Kamouraska, 
where  he  followed  a  complete  course  of  class- 
ical studies  At  the  completion  of  his  course 
he  determined  to  enter  the  holy  orders,  and 
with  that  purpose  in  view  was  admitted  to 
Laval  University  to  study  theology.  On  the 
2nd  of  October,  1864,  he  was  ordained 
priest,  and  appointed  missionary  vicar  to 
the  parish  of  Biviere-au-Benard,  Gaspe. 
This  charge  he  retained  until  1866,  when  he 
was  called  to  the  city  of  Quebec,  to  assume 
the  duties  of  almoner  at  the  archbishop's 
palace,  being  at  the  same  time  chaplain  to 
the  Sisters  of  Charity,  the  Christian  Bro- 
thers, and  St.  Vincent  de  Paul  Society.  In 
1870  he  was  removed  by  his  ordinary  to  the 
curacy  of  St.  Nicholas,  L^vis  county,  where 


he  remained  until  1875.  He  was  then  trans- 
ferred to  Ste.  Anne  de  Beaupre",  the  place 
of  pilgrimage  of  the  Boman  Catholics  of 
the  whole  American  continent.  Every  sum- 
mer thousands  of  devout  pilgrims  wend 
their  way  to  the  shrine  of  the  saint.  It  is 
said  that  the  number  of  people  who  visited 
Ste.  Anne  this  season  (1887)  exceeded  one 
hundred  thousand.  Two  golden  crowns  of 
great  value  were  lately  presented  to  the  pre- 
sent curate  of  Ste.  Anne  by  the  citizens  of 
Quebec,  and  his  eminence  Cardinal  Tasche- 
reau  presided  at  the  ceremonies  incidental 
to  the  blessing  of  the  princely  gift.  The  at- 
tendance was  so  large  that  an  altar  was  im- 
provised and  high  mass  was  said  in  the  open 
air,  an  eloquent  proof  that  faith  is  still  deep- 
rooted  in  the  hearts  of  the  faithful  of  the 
province  of  Quebec,  reports  to  the  contrary 
notwithstanding.  Bev.  Mr.  Gauvreau  ex- 
ercised his  ministry  in  Ste.  Anne  until  1878, 
when  he  took  charge  of  the  important  parish 
of  St.  Bomnald  d'Etchemins,  county  of 
Levis,  and  retained  it  until  1882.  At  that 
date  he  removed  to  Le'vis,  and  has  had 
charge  of  that  parish  ever  since.  Bev.  Mr. 
Gauvreau  is  remembered  in  all  the  parishes 
over  which  he  presided  as  a  kind  and  con- 
siderate pastor. 

Peck,  €harle§  AIli§on,  Hopewell 
Hill,  New  Brunswick,  Barrister-at-law,  was 
born  at  Hopewell,  in  the  county  of  Albert, 
N.B.,  on  the  12th  August,  1840.  He  was 
educated  at  Fredericton.  Mr.  Peck  is  the 
youngest  son  of  Elisha  and  Sarah  Peck. 
His  father  was  an  extensive  landowner  in 
the  county,  and  captain  in  the  militia,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  appointed  to  the  magis- 
tracy. Charles  Allison  Peck  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  the  late  Sir  Albert  J.  Smith, 
and  was  called  to  the  bar  in  Easter  Term, 
1861,  receiving  a  first-class  certificate. 
Shortly  after  he  formed  a  law  co-partner- 
ship with  the  Hon.  Bliss  Botsford,  at  pre- 
sent Judge  Botsford,  and  practised  his  pro- 
fession at  Hopewell,  residing  upon  the  old 
homestead.  He  first  appeared  in  public 
life  in  1865,  when  he  unsuccessfully  con- 
tested Albert  on  the  Quebec  scheme  of  con- 
federation, to  which  he  was  opposed,  against 
the  Hon.  John  Lewis  and  A.  B.  McLellan, 
but  was  defeated  by  a  small  majority.  After 
the  union  in  1867  he  was  elected  to  the  New 
Brunswick  Legislature  for  Albert,  where  he 
sat  for  three  sessions,  and  was  generally 
found  supporting  progressive  legislation; 
but  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  the  Albert 


452 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Railway  question,  the  necessary  legislation 
for  which  railway  he  secured  against  much 
opposition,  the  construction  of  this  railway 
being  largely  due  to  his  efforts  while  in  the 
legislature,  and  subsequently.  He  was  the 
solicitor  of  the  company  until  its  comple- 
tion. He  organized,  and  was  the  first  presi- 
dent of,  the  Albert  Southern  Railway.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Liberal-Conservative.  He 
has  more  than  once  declined  candidature 
for  political  honors,  preferring  to  devote 
himself  to  his  profession.  Mr.  Peck  was 
appointed  captain  of  the  militia;  trustee  of 
Albert  county  Grammar  School;  and  is  a 
referee  in  equity.  He  is  not  a  member  of 
any  religious  denomination,  but  a  liberal 
supporter  of  all.  Mr.  Peck  was  married, 
in  1864,  to  Amelia,  youngest  daughter  of 
the  late  Solomon  Nichols,  of  the  city  of  St. 
John,  who  was  president  of  the  Bank  of 
New  Brunswick  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
Mrs.  Peck  is  an  Episcopalian;  and  her  an- 
cestors were  loyalists,  who,  on  coming  to 
the  Maritime  provinces,  left  behind  them  at 
Flushing,  New  York  state,  large  and  valu- 
able properties.  They  have  two  sons, 
Henry  Brougham  and  Charles  Allison,  and 
one  daughter,  Celia  Isabel  Frances.  The 
elder  son,  Henry,  who  is  a  student  at  law, 
recently  entered  the  civil  service. 

Senecal,  Hon.  Loui*  Adelard, 
Senator,  was  born  at  Varennes,  county  of 
Vercheres,  on  the  10th  of  July,  1829.  The 
man  who,  in  after  years,  became  so  univer- 
sally known  throughout  the  length  and 
breadth  of  the  continent,  received  but  a 
rudimentary  education  afforded  by  the 
humble  school  of  his  native  village,  and  at- 
tended a  common  school  in  Burlington, 
Vermont,  for  a  few  months.  After  a  resi- 
dence of  two  years  in  the  United  States,  he 
settled  in  Vercheres,  province  of  Quebec, 
where  he  established  a  general  store.  Such 
was  his  debut  in  trade  ;  and  from  the  outset 
he  showed  the  indomitable  energy,  the  un- 
daunted courage,  and  the  business  tact 
which  caused  the  admiration  even  of  his 
opponents.  In  1853  he  purchased  the 
steamboat  Frederic  George,  which  was  at 
Ogdensburg,  took  command  of  her,  came 
down  the  river  in  the  midst  of  floating  ice, 
and  arrived  at  Montreal  on  the  9th  of  April. 
Since  that  time  he  was  known  as  "  Captain 
Senecal."  The  Frederic  George  did  service 
between  Montreal  and  Sorel.  In  1854  he 
repaired  his  steamboat,  renewed  her  machin- 
ery and  boilers,  and  named  her  the  Ver- 


cheres. In  1857  he  built  the  steamboat 
Yamaska  in  the  short  space  of  two  months 
and  a-half,  to  inaugurate  navigation  on  the 
river  Yamaska,  and  established  a  line  from 
St.  Aimd  to  Montreal.  The  next  year  he 
built  the  Cygne,  and  established  a  regular 
service  on  the  river  St.  Francis,  between  St. 
Francis  and  Sorel.  Thus  he  was  the  first 
to  open  navigation  on  these  rivers,  and 
later  on,  by  his  energy  and  with  govern- 
ment aid,  he  improved  the  service  to  a 
considerable  extent.  In  1859  he  launched 
the  steamboat  Ottawa  to  run  in  opposition 
to  the  Richelieu  Company's  boats  between 
Montreal  and  Quebec.  Since  1882  he  was 
the  president  of  the  Richelieu  and  Ontario 
Navigation  Company,  and  it  is  due  to  his 
admirable  management  that  the  company 
was  enabled  to  refit  its  steamers  and  place 
its  finances  on  a  sound  and  paying  basis. 
When  he  took  charge  of  the  company's 
affairs  its  finances  were  almost  disorganized ; 
he  left  it  in  full  prosperity  and  almost 
doubled  its  field  of  operation  and  its  mone- 
tary value.  Meanwhile  Mr.  Se'ne'cal  was  do- 
ing a  large  trade  in  lumber  and  grain  in  the 
United  States.  He  had  become  the  owner 
of  eleven  steamers  and  eighty-nine  barges 
plying  between  Montreal,  Sorel  and  White- 
hall. One  can  easily  form  an  idea  of  his 
marvellous  activity  from  the  fact  that  dur- 
ing the  year  he  was  forced  to  suspend  his 
operations,  he  did  three  million  dollars 
worth  of  business,  without  leaving  the  vil- 
lage of  Pierreville,  which  was  the  centre  of 
his  operations.  The  losses  suffered  by 
several  Montreal  firms  on  account  of  the 
suspenson  were  the  subject  of  much  com- 
ment at  the  time;  it  is  only  fair  to  say  that 
all  of  these  firms  had  derived  benefits  from 
their  connection  with  him,  certain  houses 
having  endorsed  his  notes  at  the  rate  of  two 
per  cent.,  others  again  having  loaned  him 
money  at  rates  varying  from  10  to  40  per 
cent.  It  was  during  the  American  civil 
war;  he  obtained  money  at  par  at  three 
months  and  was  obliged  to  reimburse  in 
bankable  (?)  value,  and  pay  a  high  rate  of 
interest  besides.  Mr.  Senecal  has  built  and 
was  the  owner  of  several  saw  and  grist 
mills  at  St.  David,  St.  Guillaume,  Wickham, 
Wickham  West,  Yamaska,  Kingsey,  Pierre- 
ville and  Acton.  The  Pierreville  mill  was 
destroyed  by  fire  on  the  20th  June,  1868. 
He  rebuilt  in  forty-seven  days,  and  on  the 
5th  August  146  saws  were  in  operation. 
The  fire  had  been  extinguished  at  one 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


453 


o'clock  on  Saturday  afternoon,  and  at  twelve 
o'clock  on  the  following  Monday  the  foun- 
dations of  the  new  building  were  under 
way.  The  same  mill  was  destroyed  a  sec- 
ond time  on  the  14th  January,  1870.  He 
had  not  a  single  piece  of  timber  on  hand  and 
was  obliged  to  draw  from  the  forest  the  pine 
and  oak  necessary  for  the  building  of  the 
manufactory.  Moreover,  he  was  forced  to 
buy  new  machinery  in  the  United  States. 
In  spite  of  these  difficulties,  and  although 
it  was  mid- winter,  thirty  days  later,  on  the 
15th  February  following,  the  smoke  from  the 
new  building  was  rising  out  of  its  chim- 
ney, and  the  buzz  of  the  saws  proved  that 
the  Pierreville  mill  was  giving  life  to  a  busy 
population.  In  1866  he  purchased  almost 
the  whole  of  Upton  township,  and  it  was  at 
this  period  that  he  gave  full  scope  to  the 
development  of  colonization,  and  that  he 
found  the  solution  of  this  important  pro- 
blem. He  cleared  a  piece  of  land  at  his 
own  expense,  sold  it  to  a  farmer,  and  em- 
ployed him  to  clear  an  adjoining  lot  to  be 
sold  again  in  the  same  manner.  In  1871 
he  turned  his  attention  to  railroading  and 
solved  another  problem,  that  of  building 
excellent  railroads  with  very  limited  re- 
sources. He  first  built  forty- three  miles  of 
road  laid  with  wooden  rails  between  Sorel 
and  Wickham,  via  Yamaska  and  Drum- 
mondville,  during  the  year  1871,  and  finish- 
ed it  before  the  time  agreed  on  by  the  con- 
tract; he  thus  had  the  benefit  of  the  line 
during  all  the  year  1872.  The  boldness  he 
displayed  on  that  occasion  is  a  matter  of 
astonishment,  for  all  the  resources  he  could 
dispose  of  to  complete  the  undertaking,  in- 
cluding rolling  material,  right  of  way,  em- 
bankments, ballast,  the  Yamaska  bridge, 
station  buildings,  wooden  rails,  etc.,  etc., 
were  only  $5,000  in  bonds  per  mile,  on 
which  he  was  able  to  realize  but  $4,250  per 
mile.  This  road  was  sold  to  the  South 
Eastern,  and  he  undertook,  on  his  own  ac- 
count, to  replace  the  wooden  rails  by  iron 
ones,  and  to  build  thirteen  extra  miles  in 
order  to  reach  Acton.  The  contract  was 
signed  in  September  of  1875,  and  on  the 
15th  of  February,  1876  the  railroad  was 
entirely  completed.  When  he  obtained^the 
contract  he  had  not  a  single  tie  at  his  dis- 
posal, and  received  only  $2,300  per  mile; 
yet  he  built  fifty-four  miles  of  a  first-class 
railway,  in  about  seventeen  months,  at  a  to- 
tal cost  of  $6,550  per  mile.  It  must  be  said, 
however,  that  the  South  Eastern  Company 


furnished  the  iron  rails,  which  amounted  to 
a  value  of  about  $2,000  per  mile.     In  1877, 
the  contractor  of  the  Laurentian  Kailway 
having  failed,  Mr.  Se'necal  was  called  upon 
to  complete  the  road,  hardly  hah"  built,  with 
the  scanty  resources  left.     He  could  dis- 
pose of  a  subsidy  of  $4,000  per  mile,  and 
bonds  on  the  road  which  could  not  be  ne- 
gotiated.    Col.  King,  of  Sherbrooke,   con- 
sented to  advance  $50,000,  and  Mr.  Se'necal 
built  the  six  or  seven  miles  not  constructed, 
as  well  as  the  bridges,  and  the  ballasting 
in  t  hree   months.     He   then  proceeded  to 
Levis  and  undertook  the  Levis  and  Kenne- 
bec  line,  the  contractors  of  which  were  also 
bankrupt.     There  was  very  little  left  of  the 
subsidies  available,  and  with  these,  and  the 
revenue  from  the  running  of  the  road,  he 
built  several  miles  of  the  new  line,  ballasted 
the  whole,  and  made  it  a  first-class  road. 
In   the    execution    of    this    enterprise   he 
showed  his  wonderful  power  of  perseverance 
and  energy  in  the  face  of  difficulties.     The 
English  shareholders,  who  owned  all  tl  <* 
bonds  and  stock  of  the  road,  had  thought 
they  would  be  able  to  control  the  operations 
of  the  line,  and  a  number  of  business  and 
professional  men  were  certain  they  would 
not  meet  with  any  obstacle.     Mr.  Se'ne'cal 
saw  the  situation  at  a  glance,  attacked  the 
enemy  in  the  front,    and  defended  himself 
for  two  years   in   civil   and  criminal  suits. 
He  resisted   the  police   and   orders  of  the 
court,  kept  possession  of  the  road  as  long  as 
he  wanted,  and  in  the  end  he  proved  that  he 
was  in  the  right,  for  he  obtained  judgments 
in  his  favor  in  forty  or  fifty  cases  brought 
against  him  by  the  Hon.  Mr.  Irvine.     How- 
ever, as  there  was  no  money  to  be  made  out 
of  the  line,  he  abandoned  it,  according  to 
the  terms  of  his  contract,  after  making  it  a 
first-class-road.     One  of  the  most  striking 
traits  of   his  character   was   that  he  never 
allowed  himself  to  be  legally  or  financially 
cornered,  and  had  always  gained  his  object, 
even  when  he  had  no  resources  available, 
and   had    to    struggle    against   combined 
wealth,  talents  and  influence.     He  has  built 
the  following  railroad  lines: — From  Sorel 
to  Acton,  from   Lanoraie  to  St.  Felix  de 
Valois,  the  Berthier  branch,  the  St.  Eus- 
tache  branch,  the  ice  railway;  and  he  com- 
pleted the  St.  Lin  road  and  the  Levis  and 
Kennebec   line.     When  he  was  appointed 
general  superintendent  of  the  Q.,  M.  O.  &  O. 
Railway  it  was  far  from  finished,  and  the 
experience  he  had  acquired  in  railroad  con- 


454 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


struction  was  of  great  benefit  to  the  govern- 
ment in  the  completion  of  the  provincial 
road.  The  services  rendered  by  Hon.  Mr. 
Se"necal  in  that  transaction  have  been  mis- 
represented by  his  political  adversaries; 
however,  he  effected  important  savings  for 
the  provincial  government.  As  these  mat- 
ters still  belong  to  the  domain  of  political 
history,  we  will  merely  place  this  obser- 
vation on  record.  In  1881  he  formed  a 
syndicate  for  the  purchase  of  part  of  the 
road.  The  history  and  developments  of  this 
transaction  are  too  well  known  to  require 
comment.  Later  on  he  sold  the  road  to  the 
Grand  Trunk  Company,  and  when  the  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Railway  Company  obtained 
possession  of  the  line,  they  were  obliged  to 
discharge  the  bonds  issued  by  the  Grand 
Trunk  to  pay  the  first  possessors.  Although 
Mr.  S^necal  was  the  bearer  of  a  considera- 
ble amount  of  these  bonds,  they  were  not 
available,  and  he  received  only  about  $100,- 
000  out  of  the  transaction.  Mr.  Senecal 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Cumberland 
Mining  and  Railway  Company,  which  is 
to-day  the  most  powerful  company  in  the 
maritime  provinces.  In  1883  84  he  was 
president  of  the  Montreal  City  Passenger 
Railway,  and,  had  he  so  desired,  he  would 
probably  have  filled  the  position  until  now, 
but  he  resigned  on  being  re-elected.  He 
has  generally  encouraged  all  great  enter- 
prises. He  took  a  large  amount  of  shares 
in  the  Coaticook  Cotton  Company,  and  also 
in  the  Richelieu  pulp  factory.  A  few  years 
ago  he  spent  a  large  amount  of  money  to 
introduce  the  electric  light  system,  and  he 
obtained,  by  a  statutory  charter,  the  power 
to  dam  the  Caughnawaga  rapids.  The 
purchase  of  timber  limits,  and  of  the  Hull 
mills,  for  which  he  paid  more  than  a  million 
dollars,  proved  a  disastrous  venture.  His 
plan  was  perfect;  but  no  individual  was  in 
a  position  to  advance  such  an  enormous 
amount,  and  he  had  to  give  up  the  under- 
taking after  losing  nearly  $400,000.  This 
loss  we  look  upon  as  a  national  calamity, 
because  his  main  object  in  purchasing  such 
an  immense  tract  of  territory  was  to  put  a 
great  industry  into  the  hands  of  his  coun- 
trymen. It  is  well  known  that  when  Mr. 
Sfcne'cal  had  money,  it  was  used  to  the 
benefit  of  everybody,  for  in  his  opinion  the 
hoarding  of  wealth  was  contemptible. 
Through  the  vicissitudes  of  his  eventful 
career,  there  were  moments  when  his  finan- 
cial resources  were  nil,  as  in  1878-79,  when 


his  subsidies  and  his  railroad  bonds  were 
practically  not  worth  a  cent.  Nevertheless 
he  undertook  the  task,  at  that  period,  to 
bring  about  the  dismissal  of  Lieutenant- 
Governor  Letellier  de  Saint-  Just,  on  account 
of  his  famous  coup-d'etat  of  the  2nd  of 
March,  1878.  He  sold  his  life  insurance 
policy,  some  real  estate,  and,  in  fact,  every- 
thing which  he  could  convert  into  cash,  for 
a  few  thousand  dollars,  proceeded  to  Otta- 
wa, where  he  took  up  house  and  passed  the 
session  of  1879,  in  order  to  keep  the  Lower 
Canadian  members  united,  and  finally  suc- 
ceeded in  carrying  a  point  considered  as 
irretrievably  lost  after  the  refusal  of  the 
Marquis  of  Lome  to  sign  the  dismissal  of 
the  Hon.  Letellier  de  Saint-Just.  In  the 
same  year  he  employed  the  same  tactics  in 
Quebec  and  brought  about  the  fall  of  the 
Joly  ministry.  In  politics  Mr.  Senecal  has 
played  a  prominent  part.  He  was  the 
mainspring  of  the  Conservative  party  in  the 
Quebec  provincial  election  in  1881,  and 
again  in  the  Dominion  election  of  1882,  and 
it  is  mainly  due  to  his  efforts  that  the  party 
gained  such  brilh'ant  victories  at  that  time. 
He  was  an  admirable  organizer,  and  pos- 
sessed the  talent  to  infuse  his  own  courage 
into  others.  His  iron  will,  his  energy,  and 
the  quickness  of  his  movements  carried  the 
day  every  time.  When  he  had  once  made 
up  his  mind  to  do  a  certain  thing,  it  was 
done.  Hon.  J.  A.  Chapleau,  who  has  the 
reputation  of  knowing  how  to  gauge  a  man 
at  his  proper  worth,  and  deservedly  so, 
knew  the  ability  of  this  man  of  large  heart 
and  energy,  and  honored  him  with  his  en- 
tire confidence.  The  secretary  of  state,  who 
also  remembers  services  and  rewards  merit 
when  the  occasion  presents  itself,  never 
missed  an  opportunity  to  render  homage  to 
his  valor  and  to  the  eminent  services  he  had 
rendered.  He  did  not  hesitate  to  give  him 
a  substantial  proof  of  his  gratitude  as  soon 
as  he  found  himself  in  a  position  to  do  so, 
by  calling  him  to  the  senate,  the  highest 
distinction  in  the  gift  of  the  government. 
In  1882  the  French  government  sent  to  Mr. 
Senecal  the  cross  of  a  commander  of  the 
Legion  of  Honor.  Before  giving  his  alle- 
giance to  the  Conservative  party  Mr.  Se*ne- 
cal  had  been  a  Liberal,  and  he  was  elected 
as  such  to  the  Legislative  Assembly  for  the 
county  of  Yamaska,  which  he  represented 
from  1867  to  1871 ;  at  the  same  time  he  had 
been  elected  for  Drummond  and  Arthabaska 
to  the  House  of  Commons,  in  which  he  sat 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


455 


from  1867  to  1872.  He  is  the  only  man  in 
the  country  who  has  been  elected  in  two 
separate  constituencies  for  two  separate 
chambers  in  two  separate  elections.  In  18  74 
he  had  formed  the  project,  with  Hon.  Mr. 
Cauchon,  to  unite  the  two  political  parties, 
and  had  almost  succeeded,  when  Mr.  Joly, 
then  leader  of  the  opposition,  destroyed  the 
entente  in  a  speech  delivered  at  a  banquet 
in  Montreal.  He  then  abandoned  the  Lib- 
erals, and  the  chiefs  of  the  party  have  often 
expressed  their  bitter  regrets  at"  losing  such 
a  man.  On  the  other  hand  the  Conserva- 
tives expressed  the  same  regret,  when  he 
was  forced  to  abandon  the  Conservative 
government  at  Ottawa  on  the  Biel  question. 
In  1850  Senator  Senecal  married  Delphire 
Dansereau,  daughter  of  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Dansereau,  merchant,  of  Vercheres.  Sev- 
eral children  were  the  fruit  of  this  marriage, 
two  of  whom  only  survive :  Madame  Judge 
Gill,  and  Madame  W.  E.  Blumshart.  Sen- 
ator Sendcal  was  a  brother-in-law  to  Dr. 
Hercule  Dansereau,  of  Thibodeau,  La., 
Hon.  Felix  Geoffrion,  Captain  St.  Louis, 
the  late  Cyril  Archambault,  barrister,  and 
uncle  to  F.  X.  Archambault,  Q.C. 

Sweeny,  Right  Rev.  John,  D.D., 
Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  was  born  in  Fermanagh,  Ire- 
land, in  May,  1812.  His  parents,  who  be- 
longed to  the  farming  class,  were  James 
Sweeny  and  Mary  Macguire.  The  family 
emigrated  to  Canada,  and  settled  in  St. 
John  in  1828,  taking  up  land  for  farming. 
Bishop  Sweeny  received  his  literary  educa- 
tion in  schools  in  New  Brunswick,  and 
studied  theology  in  the  Grand  Seminary  in 
Quebec  city.  In  1844  he  was  ordained 
priest  by  Archbishop  Turgeon.  He  was 
then  appointed  to  missionary  work,  and  re- 
turned to  St.  John  and  entered  upon  his 
labors.  Subsequently  he  was  engaged  in 
similar  mission  work  at  Chatham  and  She- 
diac,  until  1851,  when,  on  the  death  of 
the  Bight  Bev.  Dr.  Dollard,  he  became 
administrator.  A  little  later  he  was  ap- 
pointed vicar- general  under  the  Bight 
Bev.  Thomas  Connolly,  bishop  of  St.  John; 
and  in  1860,  on  the  elevation  of  Bishop 
Connolly  to  the  archbishopric  of  Halifax,  he 
was  made  bishop.  During  the  many  years 
Bishop  Sweeny  has  occupied  his  high  and 
responsible  position  he  has  done  good  work 
for  his  people,  irrespective  of  his  spiritual 
administration.  He  has  built  the  St.  Vin- 
cent Convent  and  Orphan  Asylum;  the 


Convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart;  the  Episcopal 
residence;  the  side  chapels  and  spire  of  the 
cathedral,  and  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
cathedral  itself;  a  large  brick  structure  for 
school  purposes;  St.  Malachi  and  St.  Joseph 
halls,  and  an  Industrial  School  near  St. 
John  city.  His  lordship  has  a  large  dio- 
cese which  includes  the  southern  half  of 
New  Brunswick,  embracing  the  counties  of 
Westmoreland,  Albert,  Kings,  St.  John, 
Charlotte,  Queens,  Sunbury,  York,  Carlton, 
and  the  larger  part  of  Kent.  On  this  im- 
mense diocese  he  keeps  a  vigilant  eye,  and 
is  ever  careful  of  his  people's  spiritual 
wants.  As  a  preacher  his  discourses  are 
eminently  practical;  and  whenever  he  ex- 
pounds any  of  the  doctrines  of  his  church, 
he  never  fails  to  clearly  point  out  how  they 
should  affect  the  li ves  of  the  thousands  who 
listen  to  his  voice.  His  style  is  plain,  sim- 
ple, and  unaffected,  so  that  a  listener  is  at 
once  impressed  with  the  idea  that  his  aim  is 
rather  to  instruct  than  to  make  a  display. 
In  the  administration  of  his  diocesan  affairs 
he  keeps  quietly  at  work,  and  every  year 
shows  an  improvement  in  all  its  branches. 
He  seldom  undertakes  anything  that  he 
does  not  finish;  and  seems  to  know  not  the 
import  of  the  word  "  fail." 

Pidgcon,  J.  R.,  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
Indiantown,  New  Brunswick.  Mr.  Pidgeon 
was  born  where  he  still  resides,  in  April, 
1830,  and  is  consequently  in  his  fifty-eighth 
year.  His  father  and  mother,  who  are  still 
living  at  the  age  of  83,  were  among  the 
earliest  settlers,  and  tell  many  amusing  anec- 
dotes of  life  in  New  Brunswick  in  the  early 
part  of  the  century.  Our  subject  received 
his  education  in  the  Common  and  Normal 
schools  of  his  province,  and  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  began  the  study  and  practical 
education  of  lumber  surveyor.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-five  he  obtained  what  was  termed 
a  "  warrant "  qualifying  him  to  practice  his 
profession  as  surveyor  which  he  did  until 
his  42nd  year.  That  year  he  received  the 
appointment  of  railway  mail  clerk  on  the 
Intercolonial  Bailway  which  appointment  he 
still  holds  being  one  of  the  oldest  employe's 
of  the  postal  department  on  that  road.  It 
is  however  in  connection  with  the  temper- 
ance reform  that  he  is  best  known,  having 
espoused  the  principles  of  total  abstinence 
as  long  ago  as  1848.  He  has  held  the  high- 
est offices  in  the  gift  of  the  various  temper- 
ance societies  of  his  native  province,  and 
there  are  few  platforms  in  the  maritime 


456 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


provinces  that  have  not  at  one  time  or  other 
resounded  with  his  eloquent  voice.  In  re- 
ligious belief  Mr.  Pidgeon  is  a  Baptist,  hav- 
ing united  with  that  body  in  1864.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Masonic  craft  of  long 
standing,  and  has  often  occupied  positions 
of  eminence  therein.  For  some  years  he 
has  been  in  the  commission  of  the  peace  for 
New  Brunswick,  a  distinction  well  merited 
in  his  case,  to  say  the  least.  As  a  speaker, 
Mr.  Pidgeon  is  forcible,  logical,  and  elo- 
quent, abounding  in  anecdote  and  bub- 
bling over  with  fun.  Politically  he  is  a 
Prohibitionist  through  and  through,  and  his 
whole  life  seems  to  be  to  educate  the  people 
up  to  his  standard.  To  the  Independent 
Order  of  Good  Templars  in  New  Brunswick 
he  has  been  and  still  is  a  tower  of  strength, 
and  wherever  he  is  known  enjoys  the  respect 
of  all  and  the  hatred  of  none. 

Worl  hi  us  to  11,  Edward  !>.,  A.M., 
M.D.,  F.K.C.S.  (Edin.),  Sherbrooke,  P.  Q. 
The  subject  of  our  sketch  is  one  of  the 
oldest  physicians  and  surgeons  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  St.  Francis,  having  been  in  practice 
nearly  fifty  years,  and  gained  for  himself 
the  reputation  of  being  the  leading  surgeon 
in  that  part  of  Canada.  He  was  born  in 
Queen's  county,  Ireland,  on  the  1st  Decem- 
ber, 1820.  His  parents,  John  Worthington 
and  Mary  Dagge,  left  Queen's  county  on  the 
llth  April,  1822,  and  after  a  short  stay  in 
Dublin,  sailed  from  that  port  for  America 
on  the  2nd  May,  and  reached  Quebec  on 
the  23rd  June.  Here  they  remained  until 
1828,  when  Mr.  Worthington  was  induced 
to  remove  to  Upper  Canada.  Taking  his 
family  with  him,  he  started  from  Quebec 
on  the  28th  April  of  that  year,  and  reached 
Queenston  on  the  12th  May.  This  journey 
proved  a  most  disastrous  one,  for  the  whole 
family  suffered  from  fever  and  ague,  and 
other  misfortunes,  and  within  a  few  days  of 
one  year  they  returned  to  Quebec.  Here 
Mr.  Worthington  remained  until  his  death, 
he  and  his  wife  having  resided  over  fifty 
years  in  the  city  where  they  first  landed 
after  having  left  their  native  country.  Their 
bodies  now  repose  in  Mount  Hermon  ceme- 
tery, on  the  banks  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
surrounded  by  the  graves  of  seven  of  their 
children.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  and 
his  brother  John,  a  druggist  in  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  being  all  who  are  left  of  a  large 
family.  In  1834  Dr.  Worthington  was  in- 
dentured for  seven  years  to  the  late  Dr. 
James  Douglas,  of  Quebec,  who  at  that 


time  occupied  the  foremost  rank  in  his  pro- 
fession in  Canada,  he  and  the  late  Dr.  Val- 
entine Mott,  of  New  York,  being  consid- 
ered the  most  accomplished  surgeons  in 
America.  After  serving  over  five  years, 
Dr.  Douglas  relieved  him  from  the  balance 
of  his  indenture,  to  enable  him  to  accept  an 
appointment  as  staff -assistant- surgeon  in 
the  British  army.  An  assistant-surgeoncy 
in  the  army,  however,  in  those  piping  times 
of  peace,  with  its  "  7s.  6d.  sterling  per 
diem,  and  rations,"  presented  few  attrac- 
tions, so,  after  serving  two  years,  he  left 
the  army,  and  went  to  Edinburgh,  where 
he  spent  two  years  in  attending  lectures 
and  "  walking  "  the  hospitals.  While  in 
Edinburgh  he  was  awarded  the  medal  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  and  also  won 
the  friendship  of  many  of  her  eminent  men, 
with  some  of  whom  he  still  keeps  up  a 
friendly  correspondence.  Among  the  stu- 
dents at  that  time  from  this  side  of  the 
Atlantic,  were  the  present  Sir  Charles  Tup- 
per,  M.D.,  C.B.;  the  Hon.  Dr.  D.  McNeil 
Parker,  of  Halifax;  and  the  late  Dr.  K.  H. 
Russell,  of  Quebec.  On  his  return  to  Can- 
ada he  received,  on  the  1st  August,  1843, 
the  license  of  the  Montreal  Medical  Board, 
and  immediately  settled  in  Sherbrooke, 
Eastern  townships,  where  he  soon  built  up 
an  extensive  practice,  and  where  he  has  since 
continued  to  reside.  He  has  the  fullest  con- 
fidence of  the  community  in  his  skill  as  a 
physician,  and  for  over  thirty  years  has  had 
nearly  all  the  surgical  practice  in  his  district 
of  country.  He  has  the  full  confidence  of 
his  confreres,  who  frequently  send  for  him 
from  long  distances  for  consultations.  Dr. 
Worthington,  it  will  not  be  out  of  place 
to  say  here,  was  the  first  surgeon  in  Canada 
who  performed  a  capital  operation  under 
ether  as  an  anaesthetic,  and  was  also  among 
the  first  to  use  chloroform.  On  the  10th 
March,  1847,  he  amputated  below  the  knee, 
under  ether;  and  in  January,  1848,  three 
cases  under  chloroform,  one  being  excision 
of  bone.  In  1854  the  University  of  Bishop's 
College,  Lennoxville,  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  M.A.,  honoris  causa;  and 
in  1868,  McGill  College,  Montreal,  that  of 
M.D.C.M.,  ad  eundem.  He  is  also  a  fel- 
low of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of 
Edinburgh;  corresponding  member  of  the 
Medico- Chirurgical  Society  of  Montreal, 
and  of  the  Gynaecological  Society  of  Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts;  member  of  the  Canada 
Medical  Association,  having  been,  in  1877, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


457 


vice-president  for  the  province  of  Quebec; 
and  for  many  years  one  of  the  governors 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  Quebec,  for  the  District  of  St.  Francis. 
The  doctor  has  received  several  substantial 
marks  of  public  favor,  among  others,  a  solid 
silver  tea-service,  for  his  gratuitous  attend- 
ance on  the  poor;  and  a  gold  watch  and 
chain  for  his  energetic  and  successful  efforts 
to  prevent  the  spread  of  that  most  loath- 
some of  all  diseases  in  Sherbrooke,  the  small 
pox.  In  the  years  1837-8,  Dr.  Worthington 
served  as  a  private  in  Captain  Le  Mesurier's 
company  of  the  Quebec  regiment  of  Volun- 
teer Light  Infantry,  the  adjutant  being  the 
late  Lieut. -Colonel  Thomas  Wily.  The 
doctor  is  a  warm  supporter  of  the  volunteer 
movement  in  Canada,  and  has  served  in  the 
53rd  Battalion  since  its  formation.  He  was 
on  active  service  in  both  Fenian  raids,  and 
retired  in  1887,  retaining  his  rank  as  sur- 
geon-major. He  has  written  a  good  deal 
for  medical  periodicals,  and  especially  for 
the  Canada  Medical  Journal,  published  in 
Montreal,  and  some  of  his  papers  have  been 
copied  into  the  medical  journals  of  Great  Bri- 
tain and  the  United  States.  Among  the  many 
papers  he  has  contributed  to  the  Canadian 
press  are :  "  A  new  method  of  bed-making 
in  fractures"  (1871);  "Glue  bandage  in 
fractures"  (1872);  "Case  of  gun-shot 
wound  in  abdomen,  with  perforation  of 
stomach"  (1876);  and  "Acute  fibrinous 
bronchitis,  with  expectoration  of  tube  casts  " 
(1876).  Dr.  Worthington  is  a  member  of 
the  Church  of  England,  and  has  been  a  del- 
egate to  the  Provincial  Synod.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Conservative.  On  the  16th  October, 
1845,  he  married  Fanny  Louisa  Smith,  el- 
dest daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  Hollis  Smith, 
the  first  member  elected  to  the  Legislative 
Council  for  the  Division  of  Wellington. 
Mrs.  Worthington  died  on  the  17th  April, 
1887,  aged  fifty-nine  years.  Of  her  eight 
children,  five  are  now  living,  two  daughters 
and  three  sons.  The  younger  daughter  is 
married  to  Major  Antrobus,  superintendent 
of  the  North- West  Mounted  Police.  Of  the 
sons,  Edward  Bruen,  aged  twenty-seven,  is 
senior  captain  in  the  53rd  battalion;  an 
LL.B.  of  Bishop's  College  University,  and 
in  successful  practice  in  Sherbrooke,  as 
a  notary  public.  Arthur  Norreys,  aged 
twenty-five,  graduated  in  medicine  at  Mc- 
Gill  College  University  in  1886,  and  after 
spending  some  time  in  Europe,  settled  in 
Sherbrooke.  He  was  recently  gazetted  sur- 


geon to  the  53rd  battalion,  on  his  father's 
retirement  from  the  volunteer  service.  In 
September,  1887,  he  married,  at  Toronto, 
Emma  May,  daughter  of  H.  H.  Cook,  M.P. 
for  Simcoe  East.  The  youngest  son,  Hugh 
Standish,  is  now  at  Bishop's  College  Gram- 
mar School,  Lennoxville.  jArthur  Norreys 
served  through  the  North-West  rebellion 
in  the  Field  Hospital  Corps,  and  so  greatly 
distinguished  himself  for  his  humanity  and 
bravery  as  to  receive  the  following  notice 
in  the  official  report  of  Dr.  Bergin,  surgeon- 
general  : 

Many  of  these  young  men  did  noble  work,  re- 
gardless of  danger.  Where  the  bullets  fell  thickest, 
with  a  heroism  that  has  never  been  exceeded,  they 
were  to  be  found,  removing  the  wounded  and  the 
dying  to  places  of  shelter  and  of  safety  in  the  rear. 
Some  cases  of  individual  heroism  are  reported  to 
me,  which  I  feel  call  for  more  than  a  passing  re- 
mark ;  and  embolden  me  to  say  that  amongst  these 
non-combatant  lads,  and  the  staff  to  which  they 
belonged,  are  to  be  found  some  of  the  greatest  he- 
roes of  the  war.  At  Batoche  I  am  told  that  dur- 
ing the  fight  a  flag  was  thrust  from  the  window  of 
the  church,  and  was  observed  by  a  surgeon  and  a 
student  who  were  under  shelter  from  the  fire  at  a 
couple  of  hundred  yards  distance.  The  student, 
immediately  he  perceived  it,  proposed  that  a  party 
should  at  once  go  to  the  relief  of  the  one  demand- 
ing succor.  No  one  appeared  willing  to  second 
his  proposal.  To  go  to  the  church  through  the 
open  under  such  a  terrible  fire  as  was  being  poured 
from  the  Half-breed  pits,  seemed  to  be  like  pro- 
ceeding to  certain  death  ;  but  persisting,  the  sur- 
geon said  :  "  if  you  are  determined  to  go,  and  we 
can  find  two  volunteers  to  assist  us  in  carrying  a 
stretcher,  I  am  with  you."  Two  men  from  the 
Grenadiers  of  Toronto  at  once  stepped  forward  ; 
and  the  four  started  upon  their  perilous  journey 
— crawling  upon  their  bellies — taking  advantage 
of  any  little  inequality  of  ground  to  cover  them, 
and  to  shield  them  from  the  bullets  of  the  Half- 
breeds.  They  reached  the  church— the  bullets 
tearing  up  the  earth  all  around  them— without  a 
scratch,  and,  breathing  a  short  prayer  for  their 
deliverance  thus  far  from  death  and  danger,  they 
looked  around  for  him  whom  they  had  risked,  and 
were  still  risking,  their  lives,  to  succor  and  to  save. 
They  found  him  in  the  person  of  a  venerable 
priest,  who  had  been  wounded  in  the  thigh,  and 
they  at  once  proceeded  to  remove  him,  after  ad- 
ministering temporary  aid.  To  remain  in  the 
church  was  to  court  certain  death.  To  return  to 
their  corps  seemed  to  be  no  less  perilous  ;  but  they 
chose  the  latter.  When  they  sortied  from  the 
church,  so  astonished  were  the  Half-breeds  at  their 
daring  that  they  ceased  their  fire  for  a  moment. 
This  time,  returning,  they  had  no  cover,  and  were 
obliged  to  march  erect.  Bullets  flew  thick  and 
fast ;  but  the  condition  of  the  wounded  man  pre- 
cluded anything  like  hurry,  and  they  hastened 
slowly.  God  watched  over  them  and  protected 
them,  and  they  reached  their  comrades  in  safety, 
their  wounded  charge  also  escaping  without  fur- 
ther harm.  Such  conduct  deserves  recognition, 
and  I  beg  respectfully  to  call  attention  to  it  in 
this  official  way.  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to  ob- 


458 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


tain  the  names  of  the  two  noble  fellows  belonging 
to  ^the  Grenadiers,  but  I  hope  this  notice  of  it  will 
bring  the  information  I  desire.  The  other  two 
are  Surgeon  Gravely,  of  No.  1  Field  Hospital,  and 
Mr.  Norreys  Worthington,  from  the  same  hospi- 
tal. The  manner  in  which  Captain  Mason  was 
rescued  and  brought  in  by,  I  believe,  Dr.  Codd, 
of  the  90th,  and  one  of  the  young  dressers  (Mr. 
Norreys  Worthington),  was  an  exhibition  of  mark- 
ed courage  by  members  of  the  medical  staff.  Other 
instances  well  deserving  of  commendation  have 
been  reported  to  me,  and  I  would  respectfully 
suggest  inquiry  into  all  such  cases,  and  if  they  be 
found  as  reported  to  me,  that  honorable  recogni- 
tion of  them  be  made. 

Mr.  Worthington  claimed  descent  through 
Bruen  Worthington,  of  Ashton  Hayes,  in 
the  county  of  Chester,  and  of  Philpotstown, 
in  the  county  of  Meath,  clerk  in  the  Irish 
House  of  Commons,  in  1734;  from  Hugh 
Worthington,  of  Worthington,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Lancaster,  and  of  the  Manor  of  Ad- 
lington,  in  Standish  parish.  He  held  the 
lordship  of  Worthington  in  the  13th  year 
of  Edward  IV.,  A.D.  1474. 

Yaughan,  William,  St.  Martins,  N.B., 
was  born  in  1843,  in  Liverpool,  England, 
and  is  consequently  in  his  forty -fifth  year. 
He  is  the  son  of  the  late  Captain  William 
Vaughan,  of  St.  Martins,  and  it  is  by  a  mere 
accident  that  he  claims  Liverpool  as  his  birth- 
place. He  received  his  earlier  education  in  a 
private  school,  and  afterwards  attended  the 
Model  school  of  St.  John,  N.B.,  and  the 
Horton  Academy  at  Wolfville,  N.S.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen  Mr  Vaughan  was  placed 
in  the  office  of  Farnworth&  Jardine,  a  large 
shipping  firm,  of  Liverpool,  staying  there 
for  two  years,  getting  his  initial  knowledge 
of  business  life  therein.  Keturning  home, 
he,  in  1^66,  commenced  business  on  his  own 
account  in  St.  Stephen,  N.B.  This  he  con- 
tinued successfully  until  1873,  when,  in  part- 
nership with  another  gentleman,  he  estab- 
lished the  West  India  produce  house  of 
Vaughan,  Clerke  &  Co,  of  St.  Stephen.  On 
the  incorporation  of  the  town,  Mr.  Vaughan 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  first  town 
council,  and  was  re-elected  as  such  for  the 
two  succeeding  years.  In  1876  he  com- 
menced operations  in  St.  Martins  as  ship- 
builder, building  vessels  of  the  larger  class. 
In  1878  the  subject  of  our  sketch  sold  out 
his  interest  in  the  St.  Stephen  firm,  and 
again  made  his  residence  in  his  boyhood's 
home — St.  Martins.  In  1882,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  failure  of  a  Liverpool  house 
which  were  large  clients  of  his,  and  also  in 
consequence  of  the  depreciation  which  took 


place  in  wooden  ships,  Mr.  Vaughan  was 
compelled  to  relinquish  business.  Soon 
afterwards  he  was  appointed  manager  of 
the  Government  Savings  Bank  at  St.  Mar- 
tins, which  position  he  still  holds.  In  re- 
ligious belief  Mr.  Vaughan  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Baptist  church,  being  ad- 
mitted to  fellowship  therein  in  1857.  He 
has  held  many  positions  of  honour  in  this 
connection,  all  of  which  he  has  filled  with 
credit  to  himself  and  with  satisfaction  to  the 
denomination.  Mr.  Vaughan  is  also  pro- 
minent in  Masonic  circles,  being  a  past 
master  of  Sussex  Lodge,  St.  Stephen;  past 
principal  of  St.  Stephen  K.  A.  Chapter; 
and  past  eminent  commander  of  St.  Stephen 
Encampment  K.T.  In  1867  the  subject  of 
our  sketch  married  a  daughter  of  John 
Marks,  of  St.  Stephen,  and  has  a  family  of 
three  boys  and  two  girls.  Mr.  Vaughan 
has  been  a  life-long  total  abstainer,  not  even 
knowing  the  taste  of  alcoholic  liquors.  At 
the  present  writing  (1887)  he  is  the  grand 
chief  templar  of  the  Independent  Order  of 
Good  Templars  in  New  Brunswick,  and  has 
held  the  position  for  two  years.  Politically, 
Mr.  Vaughan  is  a  Conservative,  although, 
as  between  the  question  of  prohibition  and 
party,  if  necessary,  the  latter  would  have 
to  bow  to  the  former.  A  man  of  good  phy- 
sique and  energetic  character,  Mr.  Vaughan 
is  one  of  the  many  of  her  sons  of  whom  his 
province,  and,  in  fact,  his  country,  may  be 
proud. 

Fraser,  Hon.  Duncan  €.,  B.A.,  Bar- 
rister, New  Glasgow,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
at  New  Glasgow,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  1st  of 
October,  1845.  His  parents  were  Alexander 
Fraser  and  Annie  Chisholm.  He  received 
his  primary  education  at  the  Normal  School, 
and  graduated  B.  A.  at  Dalhousie  College 
in  1872.  He  also  took  a  course  of  instruc- 
tion in  the  Military  School.  He  chose  law 
as  a  profession,  and  has  succeeded  in  build- 
ing up  a  large  and  lucrative  business.  Mr. 
Fraser  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  muni- 
cipal affairs,  and  for  some  time  was  town 
clerk,  and  a  school  trustee.  He  was  then 
elevated  to  the  mayoralty  of  his  native  town, 
and  occupied  the  office  for  two  terms.  In 
provincial  politics,  he  has  also  participated, 
and  during  the  administration  of  the  Hon. 
P.  C.  Hill,  which  held  the  reigns  of  power 
from  1875  to  1878,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislative  Council,  and  held  a  position  in 
the  government  without  a  portfolio,  but  he 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  council  and  returned 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


459 


to  private  life.  In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal, 
and  a  pronounced  free  trader.  He  has  been 
long  connected  with  the  temperance  reform, 
and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  all  societies 
having  for  their  object  the  extermination  of 
the  traffic  in  intoxicating  drinks.  At  pre- 
sent he  is  the  chief  of  the  Independent  Order 
of  Good  Templars  in  Nova  Scotia.  He  is 
connected  with  Masonic  and  Oddfellows 
orders ;  and  has  been  a  deputy-grand  master 
of  the  Masonic  body.  Mr.  Fraser  is  fami- 
liar with  the  Maritime  provinces,  and  has 
twice  taken  a  trip  to  the  Pacifie  coast.  He 
is  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
and  occupies  the  position  of  elder.  On  the 
24th  of  October,  1878,  he  was  married  to 
Bessie  G.  Graham,  daughter  of  William  and 
Annie  Gralaam,  of  New  Glasgow. 

ItlatliCNOii,  Colonel.  —The Honorable 
Roderick  Matheson,  Senator,  was  born  in 
the  parish  of  Loch  Carron,  Boss-shire, 
Scotland,  in  December,  1793.  He  was  de- 
scended from  the  last  recognized  Chief  of 
Clan  Mathan,  Dugald  Matheson,  of  Bal- 
macara,  Loch  Alsh,  Eoss-shire,  who  joined 
Earl  Seaforth  in  the  Jacobite  rebellion,  and 
was  killed  in  the  action  of  Glen  Shiel,  Glen- 
elg,  on  10th  June,  1719.  Dugald  Mathe- 
eon  left  four  sons.  The  three  younger 
brothers  went  out  to  India,  and  did  not  re- 
turn ;  the  eldest,  Roderick,  remained  at 
home  and  married  Christina,  daughter  of 
Kenneth  Mackenzie,  with  issue  John,  Du- 
gald, and  a  daughter.  John  married  Flora, 
daughter  of  Donald  Macrae,  of  Strath  Conan, 
who  also  fought  in  the  Jacobite  cause  at  Cul- 
loden,  and  was  obliged  to  leave  Scotland  for 
some  years  after  the  rebellion.  John  Mathe- 
son had  issue  two  sons,  one  of  them  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  and  three  daughters. 
Col.  Matheson's  father  died'while  he  was  a 
boy,  and  while  attending  school  at  Inver- 
ness ;  he  was  brought  out  to  Canada  at  the 
age  of  twelve,  by  his  elder  brother,  and  com- 
pleted his  education  at  a  school  in  Lower 
Canada.  When  the  war  of  1812  broke  out, 
a  regiment  was  raised  by  the  Imperial  Gov- 
ernment, called  the  Glengarry  Light  Infan- 
try Fencibles,  and  on  the  6th  Feb.,  1812, 
Roderick  Matheson  was  gazetted  senior  en- 
sign, and  in  1813,  he  was  appointed  lieuten- 
ant and  paymaster.  During  the  war  he  saw 
a  great  deal  of  active  service,  being  present 
at  the  actions  of  York,  Sackett's  Harbor, 
Cross  Roads,  Fort  George,  Lundy's  Lane, 
and  Fort  Erie,  and  in  nearly  all  the  engage- 
ments on  the  Niagara  frontier.  He  was 


twice  wounded,  once  very  severely  at  Sack- 
ett's Harbor,  where  he  was  in  command  of 
his  company.  After  the  war,  he  was  al- 
lowed a  year's  leave  on  full  pay  on  account 
of  his  wound,  and  hi  December,  1816,  on 
the  reduction  of  the  army,  he  was  retired  on 
half-pay.  In  1817,  with  a  large  number  of 
his  comrades  in  arms,  he  settled  at  the  town 
of  Perth,  Ont.,  then  founded,  and  continued 
to  reside  there  up  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
on  13th  January,  1873.  During  the  rebel- 
lion of  1837,  he  volunteered  with  five 
hundred  men  for  service  in  Lower  Canada, 
and,  as  Colonel  commanding  the  First  Mili- 
tary District  of  Upper1  Canada,  he  took  an 
active  interest  in  the  organization  of  many 
of  the  present  volunteer  companies  in  the 
Ottawa  VaUey  from  1855  to  1863.  In  1847, 
Col.  Matheson  was  appointed  a  life  member 
of  the  Legislative  Council  of  Canada,  and, 
on  the  confederation  of  the  provinces  in 
1867,  he  was  appointed  a  Senator  of  the 
Dominion.  Previous  to  the  appointment  of 
county  judges,  he  was  also  Chairman  of  the 
Quarter  Sessions.  He  married  first,  Mary, 
daughter  of  Captain  Robertson,  of  Inver- 
ness, Scotland,  who  died  in  1825  ;  second,  in 
1830,  Anna,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  James 
Russell,  minister  of  Gairloch,  Ross-shire, 
Scotland,  by  whom  he  had  a  large  family. 
In  politics  Col.  Matheson  was  a  staunch 
Conservative. 

Peter§,  Simon.  J.  P.,  Builder  and 
Architect,  Quebec,  was  born  in  Youghal, 
county  Cork,  Ireland,  on  the  18th  Septem- 
ber, 1815.  His  father,  who  died  in  1837, 
had  been  color-sergeant  in  H.  M.  1st  Bat- 
talion 60th  Regiment,  and  had  seen  active 
service  in  the  memorable  battles  of  Sala- 
manca, Vittoria,  and  Pampalona.  The  fam- 
ily had  come  to  Canada  some  years  before 
the  father's  death,  and  settled  in  Quebec. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  had  but  slight 
educational  advantages,  being  entirely  self- 
taught  until  over  twenty  years  of  age.  He 
was  apprenticed  to  the  building  trade  at  the 
age  of  sixteen,  developing  marked  talent  as 
a  mechanic.  In  1836  he  left  Quebec  for 
New  York,  where  he  remained  for  four 
years.  In  1838  he  married  Eliza  Jane  La- 
moreux,  daughter  of  the  late  Abraham  La- 
moreux,  high  constable  of  New  York.  In 
the  same  year  he  secured  his  first  schooling 
in  the  form  of  a  six  months'  course  of  draw- 
ing lessons,  during  which  he  proved  himself 
an  apt  and  interested  scholar.  In  1840  he 
returned  to  Quebec,  where  winter  was  just 


460 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


setting  in.  Though  possessed  of  little  of 
this  world's  goods,  Mr.  Peters  was  not  dis- 
mayed, but  by  dint  of  natural  ability  and 
hard  work,  soon  made  a  place  for  himself. 
In  the  winter  of  1841-42  he  finished  his 
scholastic  education  with  a  season's  course 
in  the  night  classes  of  the  British-Canadian 
school,  under  the  late  Mr.  Geggie.  He 
also  employed  his  evenings,  for  seven  years, 
learning  vocal  music,  and  attained  a  good 
reputation  as  a  tenor  singer  at  St.  Patrick's 
Church,  and  also  at  concerts  for  charitable 
objects.  He  found  good  friends  in  the  late 
Alexander  Simpson,  cashier  of  the  Bank  of 
Montreal,  and  Rev.  Mr.  McMahon.  His 
worldly  affairs  prospering,  he  was  able  to 
take  charge  of  his  widowed  mother,  sister 
and  four  brothers.  The  brothers  became 
in  turn  apprenticed  to  him  at  the  building 
trade.  In  1853  he  built  a  steam  sash,  door, 
and  blind  factory,  the  first  ever  built  in 
Quebec.  This  factory  worked  continuously 
until  1864,  when  it  was  destroyed,  together 
with  a  large  quantity  of  lumber.  The 
proprietor's  loss  was  very  heavy,  as  there 
was  little  insurance.  Two  years  later  he 
built  the  present  works  on  the  corner  of 
Grant  and  Prince  Edward  streets,  known 
as  the  St.  Charles  Steam  Saw  and  Planing 
Mills,  blind,  door,  sash,  box,  and  car  fac- 
tory, a  large  and  important  industry.  He 
constructed  the  joiner  work  of  the  first 
steamer  Quebec,  and  the  steamer  Union, 
plying  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  Mr. 
Peters  has  reached  the  topmost  round  of  suc- 
cess in  his  profession,  having  been  engaged 
in  the  construction  of  a  great  variety  of 
works,  many  of  them  most  important.  A 
mere  catalogue  of  some  of  the  chief  ones 
will  serve  to  indicate  the  wide  range  of 
contracts  he  has  undertaken : — Upper  Town 
market-house,  gas  works,  St.  Paul  street 
market-house,  Wesleyan  church,  St.  Peter's 
church,  St.  Sauveur  church,  Sisters  of  Char- 
ity church  and  buildings,  Masonic  hall, 
LeVis  Episcopal  church,  music  hall,  jail  and 
court  house  at  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  also  at 
St.  Thomas,  Montmagny ;  Wellington  bar- 
racks, at  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia;  hotel  at 
Tadousac,  and  the  Earl  of  Dufferin's  house, 
at  the  same  place.  He  restored  Quebec 
custom  house  after  the  fire ;  built  the  wharf 
and  light-house  at  Point  St.  Laurent,  Is- 
land of  Orleans;  also  the  outer  ballast 
wharf,  and  the  Louise  embankment  con- 
nected with  the  same,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Charles  river  ;  the  Allan  wharf ;  also 


a  large  number  of  dwellings;  notably, 
Hamwood,  Cataraqui,  Elmsgrove,  Bandon 
Lodge,  Bijou,  Sans  Bruit,  and  Sir  George 
Stephens'  elegant  house,  at  Grand  Metis, 
lined  and  finished  inside  with  British  Colum- 
bia cedar,  brought  over  by  the  Canadian  Pa- 
cific Railway  for  the  purpose.  Of  fourteen 
children  born,  four  sons  and  four  daughters 
remain,  all  the  daughters  and  two  of  the" 
sons  being  married.  In  religion,  Mr.  Peters 
is  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  has  been  for  years 
vice-president  of  the  Quebec  and  Lake  St. 
John  Railway  Company,  as  well  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  council  of  the  Quebec  Board  of 
Trade.  He  has  been  a  member  of  St.  Patrick' s 
Society  for  over  twenty-five  years,  and  was 
its  president  for  the  year  1878-1879.  He 
has  won  his  success  not  by  adventitious 
aids,  but  is  emphatically  a  self-made  man, 
an  honor  to  Canada,  and  to  the  race  from 
which  he  sprang. 

L.a%*§on,  John  A.,  Manager  Post 
Office  Money  Order  Department,  Charlotte- 
town,  Prince  Edward  Island,  was  born  July 
23rd,  1842,  at  Covehead,  in  that  province, 
and  belongs  to  one  of  its  oldest  families. 
His  great- great- grandfather,  David  Lawson, 
settled  there,  coming  from  Scotland  about 
1770,  his  business  being  the  management 
of  the  Montgomery  estate.  David  left  two 
sons,  and  from  these  spring  the  Lawsons 
of  Prince  Edward  Island.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  the  son  of  William  David 
Lawson,  and  who  lived  on  the  original  home- 
stead of  the  family,  where  also  our  subject 
was  born.  William  David  married  Isabella, 
daughter  of  John  Auld,  of  Covehead,  also 
of  Scotch  extraction,  and  the  issue  of  this 
union  was  six  boys  and  three  girls.  Four 
of  the  former  are  now  living,  the  eldest  being 
Rev.  S.  G.  Lawson,  a  minister  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church  and  also  well  known  in 
newspaper  circles  ;  Charles  Lawson,  a  mer- 
chant of  Charlottetown  ;  James  D.  Lawson, 
in  the  civil  service,  and  our  subject.  John 
A.  received  a  good  English  education  in  the 
Common  and  Normal  schools  of  his  native 
province,  and  upon  reaching  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years  commenced  the  arduous 
life  of  a  teacher,  which  profession  he  follow- 
ed till  about  twenty-four  years  of  age.  The 
next  five  years  he  was  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile pursuits,  at  Mountstewart,  relinquish- 
ing them  only  to  accept  the  position  which 
he  still  holds  under  the  Dominion  Govern- 
ment, and  which  he  has  filled  for  fifteen 
years.  In  1864  Mr.  Lawson  joined  the  In- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


461 


dependent  Order  of  Good  Templars,  and 
has  always  been  an  energetic  and  consistent 
member  of  that  organization.  He  has  held 
the  highest  positions  in  the  gift  of  that 
body,  being  Grand  Secretary  from  1872  to 
1884  inclusive.  In  1885  he  was  elected 
Grand  Chief  Templar  and  re-elected  to  that 
position  in  1886.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  craft,  being  initiated  in  Victoria 
Lodge,  Charlottetown,  in  1876,  and  for  six 
or  seven  successive  years  being  its  secretary. 
PoliticaUy,  Mr.  Lawson  is  a  Prohibitionist, 
although  originally  belonging  to  the  Con- 
servative party.  In  religious  matters  Mr. 
Lawson  has  for  many  years  taken  an  active 
interest,  being  identified  with  the  church  of 
his  fathers,  viz.,  the  Presbyterian,  and  is  an 
elder  in  the  church  he  attends.  Our  subject 
married  in  1865  Sophia,  daughter  of  Charles 
Coffin,  of  Savage  Harbour,  of  United  Em- 
pire Loyalist  stock,  the  family  settling  in 
Prince  Edward  Island  about  1780.  His 
family  consists  of  nine  children,  two  boys 
and  seven  girls,  none  of  whom  have  yet  ar- 
rived at  man's  or  woman's  estate.  Mr.  Law- 
son  is  a  man  of  kindly  disposition,  quiet 
habits,  and  generous  hospitality,  conse- 
quently he  is  a  general  favourite  with  all 
who  know  him. 

Tyrwhitt,  Lieut -Col.  Richard, 
Bradford,  Ontario,  M.P.  for  South  Simcoe, 
was  born  in  Simcoe  county,  Ontario,  on 
the  29th  of  November,  1844.  He  is  of  an 
old  English  family,  his  grandfather,  whose 
name  he  bears,  last  of  Nantyr  Hall,  Den- 
bighshire, barrister  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
and  recorder  of  Chester.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  educated  at  home,  under 
private  tutors,  until  well  advanced  in  the 
rudimentary  branches,  and  at  Barrie  Gram- 
mar School.  He  was  sent  to  France  to 
complete  his  education  in  the  best  college 
there.  He  spent  some  years  as  a  collegian 
at  Dinan  and  Rouen,  returning  to  Canada 
at  the  age  of  eighteen.  He  engaged  in 
farming,  and  having  the  advantage  of  health, 
education,  and  capital,  besides  an  enthusi- 
astic liking  for  the  profession,  he  has  been 
successful.  At  the  age  of  twenty-six  Mr. 
Tyrwhitt  married  Emma  Whitaker,  second 
daughter  of  the  former  provost  of  Trinity 
College.  At  an  early  age  Mr,  Tyrwhitt 
took  an  interest  in  military  affairs,  and 
joined  the  Simcoe  (35th)  Battalion.  In 
1864  he  took  a  first-class  certificate  at  the 
military  school,  Toronto;  in  January,  1865, 
attended  the  cadet  camp  at  Laprairie,  and 


in  1866  served  on  the  Niagara  frontier,  dur- 
ing the  Fenian  raid,  as  lieutenant.  He 
also  took  a  first-class  certificate  at  the  cav- 
alry school,  under  Colonel  Jenyns,  in  1870. 
He  soon  attained  the  rank  of  major,  with 
the  brevet  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel ;  is 
now  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  36th  Peel 
battalion,  and  commanded  the  Wimbledon 
team  in  1886.  On  the  death  of  W.  C. 
Little,  who  had  represented  South  Simcoe 
for  years,  Lieutenant- Colonel  Tyrwhitt  was 
nominated  by  the  Liberal-Conservatives  as 
a  candidate  for  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
was  returned  by  a  majority  of  900.  The 
Redistribution  Act  of  1882  so  changed  the 
boundaries  of  South  Simcoe  that,  instead  of 
being,  as  it  had  formerly  been,  a  Conserva- 
tive stronghold,  it  became  a  most  evenly 
balanced  constituency.  Nevertheless,  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Tyrwhitt's  personal  popular- 
ity, and  his  clean  record,  won  for  him  a  sec- 
ond time  the  confidence  of  the  electors.  In 
parliament  he  proved  himself  a  most  pains- 
taking and  conscientious  representative. 
When  the  second  North -West  rebellion 
broke  out,  Lieutenant- Colonel  Tyrwhitt  was 
among  the  first  to  offer  his  services  to  the 
government  to  assist  in  suppressing  the  out- 
break. Though  doubtless,  had  he  so  de- 
sired, he  might  have  been  named  to  the 
command  of  a  battalion,  he  proved  that  his 
sole  desire  was  to  serve  his  country  and  not 
to  gain  applause,  by  acting  as  second  in 
command  of  the  York-Simcoe  battalion,  of 
which  his  parliamentary  colleague,  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel O'Brien,  was  in  command. 
His  soldier-like  conduct  during  the  cam- 
paign won  for  Lieutenant-Colonel  Tyrwhitt 
the  praise  of  his  superiors  in  rank,  and  the 
enthusiastic  regard  of  his  men.  In  the 
general  election  of  1887,  so  great  was  the 
popularity  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Tyrwhitt 
that  not  only  was  he  nominated  to  contest 
his  own  riding  of  South  Simcoe,  but  he 
was  deemed  the  strongest  man  to  contest 
North  York  against  Mr.  Mulock,  one  of  the 
ablest  and  most  popular  men  on  the  Liberal 
side.  Though  he  was  unsuccessful  in  North 
York,  Lieutenant- Colonel  Tyrwhitt  carried 
his  own  riding  by  a  majority  of  1050.  There 
is  no  man  in  the  House  of  Commons  who  is 
regarded  by  both  friends  and  foes  as  more 
fair-minded,  independent  and  patriotic  than 
Mr.  Tyrwhitt.  Though  a  strong  partizan, 
all  believe  that  his  course  is  dictated  by  con- 
scientous  conviction,  and  an  earnest  desire 
to  serve  the  best  interests  of  the  country. 


462 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Smith,  Robert  Herbert,  of  the  city 
of  Quebec,  is  the  eldest  son  of  the  Rev. 
Robert  Hopton  Smith  and  Jane  his  wife, 
who  was  a  daughter  of  Robert  Chapman, 
of  London,  England.  Mr.  Smith  was 
born  in  the  year  1825,  at  Little  Berkhamp- 
stead,  England,  and  had  the  advantages  of 
a  private  education.  In  1851  he  came  to 
Canada,  and  six  years  afterwards  was  ad- 
mitted as  a  partner  into  the  lumber  shipping 
firm  of  Benson  &  Co.  Three  years  later 
the  name  of  the  firm  was  changed  to  Roberts, 
Smith  &  Co.,  and  again,  in  1880,  to  Smith, 
Wade  &  Co.  Six  years  later,  Mr.  Smith  re- 
tired from  business.  In  1869  Mr.  Smith  was 
appointed  by  the  Dominion  Government  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Protestant  School 
Comissioners  for  the  city  of  Quebec,  and  in 
1870  he  received  the  appointment  of  war- 
den of  the  Trinity  House  in  the  same  city. 
Mr.  Smith  has  taken  an  active  interest  in 
many  benevolent  enterprises.  Chief  among 
these  is  St.  George's  Society,  of  which  he 
is  a  life  member,  and  of  which  society  he 
was  president  during  the  years  1883  and 
1884.  In  1857  he  was  married  to  Amelia 
Jane,  fourth  daughter  of  Henry  LeMesurier, 
of  Quebec.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Church 
of  England,  and  at  present  fills  several  im- 
portant public  and  other  offices.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Quebec  Harbour  Commission, 
a  director  of  the  Quebec  Bank,  and  is  also 
chairman  of  the  Quebec  Gas  Company. 

Jennings,  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  was 
born  at  Glasgow,  Scotland,  in  October,  1814. 
He  was  the  only  son  of  John  Jennings, 
manufacturer,  of  that  city.  His  parents 
having  died  when  he  was  two  years  of  age, 
his  earlier  education  was  received  under  his 
uncle,  the  Rev.  John  Tindal,  of  Rathillet, 
Fifeshire.  In  early  life  he  showed  a  great 
liking  for  the  study  of  medicine  and  theol- 
ogy, and  entered  upon  a  theological  course 
at  St.  Andrew's  University,  and  completed 
it  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  As  he 
determined  upon  laboring  in  a  foreign  field, 
he  further  equipped  himself  by  taking  a 
complete  course  in  medicine.  In  1838  he 
was  appointed  missionary  to  Canada  by  the 
United  Presbyterian  Church  of  Cupar.  Be- 
fore setting  out  for  his  field  of  labor  he  was 
married,  in  the  same  year,  to  Margaret 
Gumming,  daughter  of  Robert  Gumming, 
of  St.  Boswell's.  Arriving  in  Toronto,  the 
young  clergyman  was  not  long  in  looking 
about  for  a  congregation.  The  city  of  To- 
ronto at  that  time  "consisted  of  about  eleven 


thousand  inhabitants.  His  congregation 
was  at  first  naturally  small,  consisting  of 
seven  members  and  twenty-one  adherents, 
and  their  first  place  of  worship  was  in  a  car- 
penter's workshop  on  Newgate  (now  Ade- 
laide) street.  Over  this  congergation  he 
was  inducted  as  the  pastor  of  the  First 
United  Presbyterian  church  of  Toronto, 
the  congregation  residing  principally  to  the 
east  of  Yonge  street  and  south  of  Queen 
street.  The  growth  of  the  congregation 
was  rapid,  and  soon  they  purchased  the  old 
Baptist  church  on  Stanley  street,  but  re- 
quired shortly  to  find  larger  premises,  and 
obtained  possession  of  a  church  built  on 
Richmond  street  west  (close  to  Yonge 
street).  In  a  few  years  still  larger  pre- 
mises were  required,  and  the  brick  church 
on  Bay  street  was  erected,  and  continued 
for  thirty-six  years  to  be  occupied  by  the 
same  congregation,  under  his  uninterrupted 
pastorate.  In  addition  to  the  pastorate  of 
Bay  Street  Church,  Mr.  Jennings  had  ardu- 
ous labors  to  perform  throughout  the  west- 
ern and  northern  portions  of  the  province  as 
missionary,  especially  in  establishing  new 
stations  and  preaching  to  the  scattered  set- 
tlers. In  these  itinerant  labors  he  had  to 
encounter  many  difficulties  and  hardships, 
but  his  strong  physical  frame  greatly 
strengthened  him  to  bear  these  toils  in  the 
cause  he  held  so  dear.  His  knowledge  of 
medicine  was  an  invaluable  assistant  to  him, 
and  many  of  the  scattered  settlers  were 
benefited  bodily  as  well  as  spiritually.  One 
year's  record  shows  that  he  travelled  in 
these  missionary  tours  upwards  of  three 
thousand  miles,  almost  entirely  in  the  sad- 
dle. In  acknowledgment  of  his  labors,  and 
several  works  that  he  wrote  on  theological 
and  university  subjects,  the  degree  of  Doc- 
tor of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  by  the 
University  of  New  York — the  first  degree 
given  to  a  Canadian  minister.  He  was  at 
last  obliged,  through  failing  health,  to  re- 
sign his  charge  as  pastor  of  Bay  Street 
Church,  which  he  had  held  for  thirty-six 
consecutive  years.  The  congregation  reluc- 
tantly consented,  and  manifested  its  appre- 
ciation of  the  long  services  he  had  rendered 
their  church  by  settling  a  liberal  life-long 
allowance  upon  him.  Notwithstanding  the 
many  and  continuous  calls  upon  his  time 
during  his  long  pastorate,  Doctor  Jennings 
found  time  to  devote  himself  to  assisting  in 
building  up  many  of  the  public  institutions 
of  the  city,  more  especially  in  connection 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


463 


with  the  educational  system,  and  for  many 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of 
the  University  and  Upper  Canada  College, 
Council  of  Public  Instruction  and  High 
School  Board.  He  was  one  of  the  foremost 
on  the  platform  and  in  the  press  in  the  dis- 
cussion which^led  to  the  secularization,  in 
1854,  of  the  clergy  reserves,  and  was  also  a 
principal  mover  in  the  schemes  for  the  union 
of  the  different  branches  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  He  was  gifted  with  a  winning, 
cordial  disposition;  was  a  clear,  forcible 
preacher,  liberal  in  church  and  sectarian 
matters,  which  made  him  universally  popu- 
lar with  his  fellow-citizens  of  all  creeds. 
His  visits  to  the  sick-bed  and  family  circle 
were  especially  acceptable.  He  was  fond  of 
all  healthy  amusements,  especially  outdoor 
sports,  his  own  early  athletic  training  hav- 
ing assisted  in  building  up  a  strong  con- 
stitution, which  in  after  years  stood  him  in 
good  stead.  After  the  resignation  of  his 
charge  his  health  failed  rapidly,  and  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1876,  he  succumbed  to  an  attack  of 
paralysis,  maintaining  to  the  last  all  his 
senses.  His  wife,  three  sons  and  four 
daughters  survive  him. 

Slack,  Ed%vard,  Waterloo,  Quebec, 
was  born  at  Eaton,  Quebec,  on  the  17th 
August,  1841,  and  is  a  son  of  the  Kev. 
George  Slack,  of  London,  England.  Un- 
like most  clergymen,  Mr.  Slack's  father  has 
passed  a  very  adventurous  career.  Before 
he  was  ordained  he  was  an  officer  in  the 
British  Navy,  and  was  in  the  service  of  the 
Queen  of  Portugal  during  the  insurrection 
of  1830.  He  was  in  the  batttle  of  Cape  St. 
Vincent  on  the  5th  July,  1833,  and  for  his 
gallantry  on  that  occasion  received  the 
Order  of  the  Tower  and  Sword  of  Portugal. 
He  afterwards  returned  to  England,  and  in 
1837  retired  from  the  navy.  He  then  put 
into  operation  a  project  he  had  formed  of 
coming  to  Canada.  Shortly  afterwards, 
however,  he  returned  again  to  England  to 
be  married  to  Emma  Colston,  of  Epsom, 
a  niece  of  General  Sir  Edward  Howarth, 
baronet,  K.C.B.  The  newly  married  couple 
then  left  England  to  take  up  their  per- 
manent residence  in  Canada.  Arriving, 
they  remained  for  some  time  at  Eaton, 
Quebec,  where  Mr.  Slack  was  ordained 
by  the  late  Bishop  Mountain,  of  Quebec, 
and  after  removing  to  different  places 
they  finally  settled  down  at  Bedford,  of 
which  district  the  Rev.  Mr.  Slack  became 
Rural  Dean.  His  son,  the  subject  of  our 


sketch,  received  his  education  at  Bishop's 
College,  Lennoxville,  where  he  took  a  class- 
ical course.  A  true  chip  of  the  old  block, 
he  joined  one  of  the  Volunteer  forces  and 
served  as  lieutenant  at  Niagara  in  the  Trent 
affair.  He  again  saw  active  service  during 
the  Fenian  raid,  and  also  took  part  in  the 
battle  of  Pigeon  Hill,  on  the  Missisquoi 
frontier.  He  has  occupid  at  different  times 
as  many  as  seventeen  municipal  and  public 
offices.  He  has  been  mayor  of  Waterloo 
for  eight  years,  and  a  member  of  the  council 
for  over  twenty.  He  is  at  present  warden 
of  Shefford  county,  a  position  which  he  has 
held  for  a  number  of  years,  and  is  also  a 
director  of  the  Waterloo  and  Magog,  and 
the  Stanstead,  Shefford  and  Chambly  Rail- 
roads. He  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England,  and  is  thoroughly  independent  in 
politics.  His  wife  is  Marion  A.  Ellis,  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  R.  A.  Ellis,  of  Waterloo,  Que- 
bec. They  were  married  on  the  20th  Sep- 
tember, 1864,  and  have  seven  children. 

II II<|S,M  Mi.  Adam,  Q.C.,  M.P.,  Lind- 
say, Ontario,  was  born  in  Cobourg,  Ont.,  on 
the  8th  of  December,  1836.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  Grammar  School  of  his 
native  town,  under  the  tuition  of  his  father, 
who  was  head-master.  He  studied  law,  and 
was  called  to  the  bar  in  1867.  A  year  later 
he  married  Harriette  Miles,  daughter  of 
R.  S.  Miles,  of  Brockville,  a  retired  chief 
factor  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  Mr. 
Hudspeth  soon  made  his  mark  as  a  law- 
yer and  acquired  a  large  practice.  He  was 
also,  from  early  manhood,  a  keen  politician 
and  did  yeoman  service  for  his  party  (the 
Conservative)  in  all  the  political  contests  of 
his  district  for  many  years.  In  1875  he 
received  the  nomination  of  his  party  for  the 
local  legislature  and  fought  a  hard  fight 
against  heavy  odds,  and  though  not  suc- 
cessful, he  won  the  respect  of  opponents  as 
well  as  the  admiration  of  friends  by  the 
manly  earnestness  of  his  campaign.  Though 
giving  much  attention  to  politics,  Mr.  Huds- 
peth advanced  rapidly  in  his  profession  and 
some  years  ago  became  a  bencher  of  the 
Law  Society  of  Ontario.  Mr.  Hudspeth 
was  deputy  judge  for  the  county  of  Victoria 
for  many  years,  being  intrusted  also  with 
the  duties  of  revising  officer  under  the  Fran- 
chise Act  of  1885  to  prepare  the  lists  for 
North  Victoria.  Although  complaints  were 
made  by  the  Liberals  of  the  action  of  revis- 
ing officers  in  different  parts  of  the  country, 
those  complaints  being  all  the  more  bitter 


464 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


because  of  the  fierce  opposition  which  had 
been  offered  to  the  Franchise  Bill  in  parlia- 
ment, no  such  complaints  were  made  of  the 
manner  in  which  the  lists  for  North  Victoria 
were  prepared,  both  sides  acknowledging 
that  a  strict  even-handed  justice  was  meted 
out  in  every  case.  When  the  election  came 
on  Mr.  Hudspeth  ran  as  the  Conservative 
candidate  in  South  Victoria.  He  was  elected 
by  a  handsome  majority  ;  but  it  was  sup- 
posed that  he  was  disqualified  under  the 
Independence  of  Parliament  Act.  There- 
upon he  resigned  his  office  as  revising  officer 
and  again  entered  the  contest.  The  fight 
was  one  of  the  fiercest  that  has  ever  been 
known,  even  in  Victoria,  where  party  spirit 
is  strong,  but  the  result  was  another  victory 
for  Mr.  Hudspeth.  The  victor  was  able  to 
take  his  seat  during  the  first  session  of  the 
new  parliament,  being  received  with  enthu- 
siastic plaudits  on  being  introduced  to  Mr. 
Speaker.  His  friends  regard  his  entry  into 
parliamentary  life  as  the  fitting  result  of  a 
long  political  education  gained  in  the  field 
of  active  contests  and  as  the  real  opening  of 
a  brilliant  career.  Undoubtedly  Mr.  Huds- 
peth's  talents  were  far  above  the  average,  and 
his  remarkable  energy  and  force  of  character 
are  certain  to  bring  those  talents  into  pro- 
minence that  the  possessor  of  them  will  be 
called  upon  to  take  a  high  place  among  the 
representatives  of  the  people. 

Morrison,  Alfred  Olclncy, Barrister, 
Halifax,  was  born  on  31st  May,  1854,  at 
Folly  village,  Londonderry,  in  the  county 
of  Colchester,  Nova  Scotia.  His  parents 
were  Thomas  Fletcher  Morrison  and  Mar- 
garet Brown  Fletcher.  On  his  father's  side 
he  is  descended  from  the  ancient  family  of 
Morrisons  of  the  West  coast  of  Scotland, 
who  were  present  in  Ireland  and  took  part 
in  the  defence  of  Derry.  From  thence  they 
came  to  New  Hampshire,  and  from  there  to 
Londonderry  and  Truro,  in  the  county  of 
Colchester,  in  the  year  1760.  On  the  mo- 
ther's side  he  is  descended  from  the  Kev.  John 
Brown,  who  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  and 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  of  Nova  Scotia.  Rev.  Mr.  Brown 
was  the  associate  of  the  late  Dr.  McGregor, 
the  founder  of  Pictou  academy,  one  of 
the  leading  educational  institutions  in  east- 
ern Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Morrison  received 
his  primary  education  at  the  common  school 
in  his  native  village;  and  when  a  mere  lad 
happened  one  day  to  go  into  the  court 
house  at  Truro,  and  hearing  two  distinguish- 


ed members  of  the  bar  wrangling  over  a  dis- 
puted point,  he,  on  returning  to  his  home, 
announced  his  determination  to  be  a  lawyer. 
Although  years  elapsed  before  he  could 
carry  out  this  cherished  idea,  he  at  length 
succeeded  in  getting  a  chance  to  study  this 
profession.  He  removed  to  Halifax  in  1878, 
and  after  taking  a  course  at  Pictou  acade- 
my, he  studied  law  for  a  short  time  in  the 
Halifax  Law  School,  which  was  then  newly 
established,  and  afterwards  read  law  with 
Weatherby  &  Graham,  barristers,  and 
Thompson  &  Graham,  barristers,  Halifax, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia 
in  December,  1882.  He  immediately  after- 
wards entered  into  a  partnership  with  W. 
F.  MacCoy,  Q.C.,  but  three  years  afterwards 
he  joined  the  firm  of  MacCoy,  Pearson, 
Morrison  &  Forbes,  which  firm  now  does  a 
large  business  in  Halifax.  From  1870  un- 
til 1879  he  held  the  position  of  deputy  sur- 
veyor of  shipping  at  Londonderry.  In 
1884  he  acted  as  secretary  to  a  provincial 
delegation  to  Ottawa;  and  was  solicitor  for 
the  Board  of  Public  Charities  at  Halifax 
until  the  board  was  abolished  by  the  legis- 
lature in  1886.  He  helped  in  the  establish- 
ment of  a  system  of  printing  cases  for  argu- 
ment before  the  court  in  bane;  and  also 
in  the  establishment  of  a  law  school  at 
Halifax.  He  was  connected  with  the  press 
for  two  years,  and  in  this  connection  assisted 
in  promoting  several  important  public  en- 
terprises. Mr.  Morrison  believes  in  open 
and  free  discussion,  and  always  likes  to  see 
the  best  man  win.  He  has  been,  since  1878, 
a  leading  member  of  the  Young  Men's 
Liberal  Club  at  Halifax,  and  takes  an  active 
part  in  politics.  He  is  considered  a  good 
campaign  platform  speaker,  and  has  taken 
an  interest  in  all  election  contests  since 
1878.  He  is  familiar  with  the  maritime 
provinces ;  but  has  only  been  able,  so  far,  to 
visit  Ottawa  and  the  New  England  states. 
He  was  brought  up  a  Presbyterian,  and  his 
mind  has  undergone  no  important  theologi- 
cal change  from  youth  up.  Mr.  Morrison's 
progress  has  been  upward  in  his  profession. 
He  is  a  man  of  sound  judgment,  excellent 
address,  diligent  in  business,  and  possessed 
of  an  untarnished  reputation  for  integrity. 
He  is  very  fond  of  literature,  but  unfortu- 
nately his  legal  business  gives  him  little 
time  to  indulge  this  taste,  to  any  great  ex-- 
tent, in  this  direction.  He  was  married  on 
the  7th  February,  1884,  to  Kubie  F.  Doug- 
las, of  Maitland,  in  the  county  of  Halifax, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


465 


who  is  a  lady  of  good  education  and  refined 
taste.  She  was  for  some  years,  previous  to 
her  marriage,  engaged  in  educational  work, 
of  which  she  is  particularly  fond.  She  was 
educated  at  the  Truro  Normal  School.  One 
son  has  been  born  of  this  union. 

Matticsou,  L,ieut.-rolonel  Arthur 
Tame*,  fifth  son  of  the  late  Col.  the  Hon. 
Roderick  Matheson,  Senator,  was  born  at 
Perth,  Ontario,  and  educated  at  Upper 
Canada  College,  and  Trinity  College,  To- 
ronto. He  was  called  to  the  Bar  of  Ontario 
in  February,  1870.  In  March,  1866,  he 
was  gazetted  lieutenant  of  the  Perth  Infan- 
try company,  with  which  he  served  in  the 
provisional  battalion  at  Brockville  and  Pres- 
cott  on  the  St.  Lawrence  frontier  during 
the  first  Fenian  raid.  In  November,  1866, 
on  the  formation  of  the  42nd  battalion,  he 
was  gazetted  captain.  Having  resigned  his 
commission  while  studying  his  profession  in 
Toronto,  he  was  afterwards  re- appointed 
captain,  and  in  1885,  major,  and  on  18th 
June,  1886,  lieut.-col.  of  the  42nd  battalion 
V.  M.  The  services  of  the  battalion  were 
volunteered  for  the  North-West  during  the 
rebellion  but  were  not  required.  Lieut.- 
Col.  Matheson  was,  for  a  number  of  years, 
a  member  of  the  town  council,  and  for  two 
years,  1883  and  1884,  mayor  of  Perth.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Conservative. 

Angus,  Richard  Bladvvorth, Mont- 
real, Director  of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Hallway  Company,  is  a  Scotchman  by 
birth,  having  been  born  at  Bathgate,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  city  of  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  on  the  28th  day  of  May,  1830. 
He  is  one  of  four  brothers,  all  remarkable 
for  the  early  developed  brilliancy  of  their 
talents.  Mr.  Angus  received  his  "scholastic 
education  in  the  academy  at  Bathgate,  and 
at  an  early  age  left  Scotland  and  went 
to  England,  where,  in  a  bank  in  Manches- 
ter, he  received  his  business  training.  Bound 
to  push  his  fortune,  he  came  to  Canada  in 
1857,  and  found  a  situation  in  the  Bank  of 
Montreal.  In  the  first  series  of  this  work  in 
connection  with  the  life  of  the  late  Mr.  C.  F. 
Smithers,  a  brief  concise  sketch  is  given  of 
the  early  history  of  banking  in  Canada,  with 
especial  reference  to  the  great  Bank  of  Mont- 
real, of  which  that  regretted  financier  had  for 
several  years  the  direction.  It  was  with  the 
progress  of  the  same  important  institution 
that  the  subject  of  this  memoir  was  destin- 
ed to  be  identified  during  some  of  the  most 
active  years  of  his  busy  life,  like  not  a  few  of 
CC 


the  Scotchmen  who  have  made  their  mark  on 
this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  Mr.  Angus  had  his 
business  training  in  one  of  the  great  com- 
mercial centres  of  England.  The  qualities 
which  were  ultimately  to  win  him  the  con- 
fidence of  his  colleagues  in  some  of  the 
grandest  enterprises  of  the  time  were  soon 
recognized  in  the  young  Manchester  clerk, 
and  he  rapidly  mounted  the  ladder  of  pro- 
motion. In  three  years  he  had  risen  to  the 
post  of  accountant,  and  in  1861  was  sent  to 
Chicago  to  assume  charge  of  the  branch 
office  in  that  city.  After  some  years  resi- 
dence in  Chicago,  he  was  entrusted  with  a 
still  larger  responsibility,  being  appointed 
to  the  associate  management  of  the  New 
York  agency  ;  a  year  later  we  find  him  once 
more  in  Montreal,  as  manager  of  the  local 
business,  and  having  discharged  the  critical 
business  of  that  position  for  five  years,  he 
succeeded  Mr.  King,  in  1869,  as  general 
manager.  His  tenure  of  that  high  position 
was  marked  by  tact,  foresight,  and  the  ful- 
lest appreciation  of  opportunities  for  extend- 
ing the  influence  of  the  institution.  In  1876 
he  resigned,  in  order  to  accept  the  vice- 
presidency  of  the  St.  Paul's,  Minneapolis 
and  Manitoba  Railway,  a  step  which  in  due 
time  was  to  have  important  results.  It  will 
be  remembered  that,  as  in  the  east,  the  en- 
trance of  the  Maritime  provinces  into  the 
Canadian  Confederation  necessitated  the 
construction  of  the  Intercolonial  Railway. 
So  in  the  extreme  west,  the  admission  of 
British  Columbia  was  effected  solely  on  the 
condition  that  communication  should  be  es- 
tablished between  the  Pacific  region  and 
the  rest  of  the  Dominion.  It  was  one  of 
the  grandest  enterprises  that  had  ever  been 
conceived  in  an  age  fertile  in  great  under- 
takings. In  1871  the  survey  was  begun, 
but  the  scheme  was  to  undergo  many  modi- 
fications before  the  actual  initiation  of  the 
work  of  construction.  It  was  finally  deem- 
ed most  advisable  on  various  grounds  that 
the  responsibility  should  be  assumed,  not 
by  the  Government,  but  by  a  private  com- 
pany. At  last  a  syndicate  was  formed,  with 
Mr.  (now  Sir)  George  Stephen  as  its  lead- 
ing spirit.  Mr.  Angus  was  one  of  the  origi- 
ginal  body,  and  has  remained  in  connection 
with  the  incorporate  company  ever  since  as 
one  of  its  directors.  He  shares,  therefore, 
in  the  glory,  as  he  has  shared  in  the  respon- 
sibitities  and  risks,  of  a  public  work,  which 
has  revolutionised  the  relations  of  the  dis- 
tant parts  of  the  British  empire,  and  en- 


466 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


hanced  a  hundredfold  the  prospects  of 
Canada  as  to  immigration,  industry  and 
commerce.  Not,  indeed,  till  the  present 
generation  has  passed  away  will  the  world 
sufficiently  appreciate  the  services  of  the 
men  by  whom  the  Canadian  Pacific  Bail- 
way  was  completed,  an  all-through  route 
from  ocean  to  ocean  on  British  terri- 
tory and  a  band  of  union  between  the 
metropolis  and  the  farthest  east,  with- 
out which  Imperial  unity  would  be  little 
more  than  a  name.  Mr.  Angus  is  re- 
garded as  a  shrewd  business  man,  and 
very  strict  in  his  dealings.  He  is,  however, 
none  the  less  popular,  as  he  has  many  ami- 
able qualities,  being  a  typical  instance  of 
that  dual  nature  which  is  not  uncommon, 
especially  among  Scotchmen,  combining 
rigid  adherence  to  the  letter  of  a  bargain, 
and  close  calculation  of  expenditure  in  busi- 
ness matters,  with  open-handed  generosity 
in  social  intercourse.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  St.  Andrew's  Society,  and  holds  the 
position  of  vice-president.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  St.  Paul's  lodge  of  Free  Masons. 
Jo ii CM,  Robert  Vonclure,  A.M., 
Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Classics,  Acadia  College, 
Wolfville,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  on  June 
25,  1835,  at  Pownal,  lot  49,  Prince  Edward 
Island.  His  father  was  William  Jones, 
who  was  born  in  London,  Great  Britain,  and 
emigrated  with  his  parents  to  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island  about  the  beginning  of  the 
present  century.  His  mother  was  Mary 
Gay,  who  came  with  her  parents  from  the 
state  of  Maine,  United  States,  and  settled 
in  Prince  Edward  Island,  about  1802.  After 
leaving  the  common  schools,  Mr.  Jones  pur- 
sued a  course  of  study  in  the  Central  Aca- 
demy, Charlottetown,  P.E.I.  This  school 
has  since  received  the  more  ambitious  title 
of  Prince  of  Wales  College.  It  was  then, 
as  now,  a  place  of  thorough  drill,  and  in  it 
faithful  pupils  could  lay  the  foundation  of 
a  broad  and  sound  scholarship.  He  went, 
at  the  beginning  of  1855,  to  Horton  Colle- 
giate Academy  to  continue  his  studies;  and 
was  matriculated  into  Acadia  College,  Wolf- 
ville, Nova  Scotia,  in  1856.  He  graduated 
in  1860,  and  was  a  member  of  the  class 
that  included  tftie  names  of  Professors  Hartt 
and  Wells,  and  Drs.  Band  and  Alward. 
He  continued  his  studies  at  Oxford  Univer- 
sity, England,  after  his  appointment  to 
Acadia  College;  and  was  for  four  years  sec- 
ond master  of  Horton  Collegiate  Academy. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  classics  in 


Acadia  College  in  1865,  and  this  position  he 
still  holds.  For  some  years  he  was  one  of 
the  classical  examiners  to  the  University  of 
Halifax.  Mr.  Jones  has  travelled  quite  ex- 
tensively in  England,  Scotland,  France, 
Switzerland,  Italy,  and  in  some  of  the  New 
England  States.  In  religion  he  is  a  Bap- 
tist, and  at  the  Baptist  convention,  held  in 
the  Baptist  church,  Charlottetown,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  August  20th,  1887,  he  was 
unanimously  elected  president.  He  was 
married  on  June  8, 1865,  to  Emma  B.  Pineo, 
daughter  of  John  O.  Pineo,  a  well-known 
resident  of  Wolfville,  King's  county. 

Macdonald,  Hon.  An  drew  Arch- 
ibald, Lieutenant- Governor  of  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  Charlottetown,  was  born  at 
Three  Bivers,  in  that  province,  on  the  14th 
February,  1829.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of 
Hugh  Macdonald,and  Catherine  Macdonald, 
his  wife,  and  grandson  of  Andrew  Macdon- 
ald, who  purchased  an  estate  of  ten  thou- 
sand acres  in  Prince  Edward  Island,  in  the 
early  part  of  the  century,  and  with  his  family 
and  some  fifty  of  his  countrymen,  whom  he 
brought  with  him  to  settle  on  the  property, 
emigrated  from  Inverness-shire,  Scotland, 
to  Prince  Edward  Island  where  his  kins- 
man, Macdonald  of  Glenaladale  and  other 
relations  had  already  taken  up  their  abode. 
Shortly  after  his  arrival  in  the  province  he 
likewise  purchased  the  beautiful  island  of 
Panmure,  seven  hundred  acres  in  extent,  at 
the  entrance  of  Cardigan  bay.  There  he 
erected  a  dwelling-house  and  store  and  took 
up  his  residence.  He  set  apart  a  suitable 
piece  of  land  for  a  church,  which  was  soon 
built  with  the  assistance  of  a  few  settlers  of 
the  same  faith,  and  there  all  would  assemble 
on  the  Sundays  for  united  prayer,  or  to  join 
in  offering  the  holy  sacrifice  of  the  mass  at 
such  rare  intervals  as  a  priest  visited  the 
district.  The  interior  of  the  island  was  then 
covered  with  the  primeval  forest,  unbroken 
by  roads.  The  first  settlers  located  along 
the  borders  of  the  seashore  or  by  the  river 
margin.  The  water  was  the  great  highway 
at  all  seasons.  Snowshoes  were  as  indispens- 
able in  winter  as  canoes  were  in  summer, 
for  the  snowfall  was  much  greater  then  than 
in  later  years,  since  the  forest  has  been 
cleared.  The  firm  of  Andrew  Macdonald 
&  Sons  at  once  established  an  extensive 
business  in  exporting  the  pine  timber  of  the 
province  to  Great  Britain,  and  importing 
such  goods  as  the  settlers  required.  They 
also  extended  a  branch  of  the  house  to 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


467 


Miramichi,  in  New  Brunswick.  They  ex- 
perienced all  the  usual  difficulties  of  early 
settlers  in  a  new  country,  but  we  will  only 
note  a  few  somewhat  different  from  the  ordi- 
nary kind.  In  1807,  while  the  first  ship 
they  had  chartered  was  loading,  a  sloop  of 
war  arrived  from  Halifax,  and  pressed  the 
crew  for  the  King's  service.  No  seamen 
could  be  had  to  replace  them,  and  the  ship 
and  cargo  were  detained  for  a  long  time. 
Other  ship-owners,  fearing  the  same  fate, 
would  not  accept  colonial  charters,  and  pro- 
vincial trade  was  at  a  standstill,  but  Mr. 
Macdonald  represented  the  matter  so  well 
to  the  government  that  the  practice  was 
soon  discontinued^  and  business  went  on. 
At  another  time,  as  the  old  man  and  one  of 
his  younger  sons  were  taking  passage  home 
to  Britain,  in  the  autumn,  by  a  timber-laden 
ship,  she  was  captured  by  an  American  pri- 
vateer, and  taken  as  a  prize  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  and  his  son  were  confined  in  jail 
for  some  months  as  prisoners.  As  they  were 
unable  to  communicate  with  their  friends 
and  were  without  funds,  they  suffered  great 
hardship,  and  endured  such  privation  that 
the  old  gentleman's  health  gave  way,  he  was 
then  allowed  a  limited  liberty  on  parole.  In 
the  following  spring  he  managed  to  acquaint 
his  friends  with  his  situation,  and  the  atten- 
tion of  the  Provincial  government  being 
called  to  the  case,  they  obtained  his  libera- 
tion and  he  returned  home.  In  1817  the 
house  at  Panmure  with  every  thing  it  con- 
tained, including  valuable  family  papers, 
was  destroyed  by  fire,  the  inmates  barely 
escaping  with  their  lives  ;  but  undaunted 
still,  he  imported  brick  and  material  from 
Britain  and  erected  the  first  brick  dwelling- 
house  and  stables  ever  seen  in  that  part  of 
the  province.  His  original  purchase  of  town- 
ship lands  had  proved  a  very  unfortunate 
one,  as  it  involved  him  in  a  Chancery  suit, 
which  continued  up  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
in  1833,  His  son,  Hugh,  succeeded  to  the 
property,  and  continued  the  suit  for  almost 
another  generation,  with  the  usual  result 
in  the  Chancery  suits  of  that  period,  the  liti- 
gants were  ruined  and  the  whole  estate 
swallowed  up  in  costs.  Hugh  Macdonald, 
of  Panmure,  was  one  of  the  first  Roman 
Catholics  appointed  to  any  office  of  impor- 
tance after  the  passage  of  the  Catholic  Em- 
ancipation Act.  He  was  high  sheriff  of  the 
province  in  1834.  A  commissioner  of  the 
Small  Debt  Court  and  justice  of  the  peace 
for  King's  county  ;  represented  Georgetown 


for  some  time  in  the  House  of  Assembly  ; 
held  the  imperial  appointment  of  Controller 
of  Customs  and  Navigation  Laws,  and  was 
Collector  of  Customs  at  Three  Kivers,  P.E.I., 
from  1832  until  his  death,  in  1857.  He  was 
succeeded  by  his  eldest  son,  Andrew  Archi- 
bald Macdonald,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
who  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  of 
the  county  and  by  private  tutors.  He  first 
entered  as  a  clerk  in  a  general  store,  opened 
at  Georgetown,  P.  E.  I.,  by  a  relative,  in 
1844,  and  soon  became  a  partner  in  the 
business.  On  the  death  of  the  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  in  1851,  he  purchased  the 
estate,  continued  the  business,  embarked 
largely  in  the  fisheries,  and  took  his  two 
brothers  into  partnership.  The  firm  became 
large  buyers  and  exporters  of  the  products 
of  the  province,  and  engaged  extensively  in 
shipbuilding.  In  1871  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  Charlottetown,  and  shortly  after- 
wards disposed  of  his  interest  in  the  busi- 
ness to  his  partners.  He  had  been  Consular 
agent  for  the  United  States  of  America  at 
Georgetown  for  twenty-five  years,  before 
his  removal  to  the  capital.  He  had  entered 
political  life  at  an  early  age,  and  was  re- 
turned to  the  House  of  Assembly  in  1854, 
as  one  of  the  representatives  for  George- 
town. At  the  next  general  election,  although 
he  polled  a  majority  of  the  votes,  he  was  un- 
seated on  a  change  of  parties  by  scrutiny  in 
the  house  in  1859.  When  the  Legislative 
Council  first  became  elective  in  1863,  he 
was  elected  thereto  by  the  second  district  of 
King's  county,  and  again  returned  by  the 
same  constituency  in  1868.  Whilst  a  mem- 
ber of  the  opposition,  the  government  ap- 
pointed him  one  of  the  delegates  to  confer 
with  those  from  the  governments  of  Nova 
Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  at  the  Charlotte- 
town  conference  of  first  September,  1864,  on 
the  expediency  of  the  union  of  the  three 
provinces,  when  the  deputation  from  Canada 
was  received  and  the  subject  of  a  general 
confederation  of  the  British  American  pro- 
vinces informally  discussed.  He  was  also 
in  the  same  year  a  member  of  the  delegation 
to  Quebec,  which  arranged  the  first  terms 
of  Confederation  for  the  "Dominion.  On 
submitting  these  to  his  Island  constituents 
at  public  meetings  they  were  not  approved, 
and  he  did  not  afterwards  advocate  this 
measure,  until  terms  more  favorable  to  the 
province  and  acceptable  to  the  people  had 
been  obtained,  when  they  received  his  stren- 
uous support  both  on  the  platform  and  in 


468 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  legislature.  He  was  first  called  to  the 
Executive  Council  in  Mr.  Coles'  administra- 
tion, formed  14th  March,  1867,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  of  Mr.  Hensley,  and  also  of 
Mr.  Haythorne,  until  the  defeat  of  the  party 
in  September,  1870.  They  were  succeed- 
ed by  Mr.  Pope's  government,  of  which  he 
became  a  member,  and  was  leader  in  the 
upper  house  until  the  defeat  of  the  party 
and  their  resignation  on  the  22nd  April, 
1872.  They  were  recalled  to  power  within 
the  year,  and  he  continued  a  member  of 
the  government  from  that  time  until  the 
better  terms  of  Confederation  were  secured 
and  the  measure  finally  accomplished, 
when  he  resigned  his  seat  and  accepted  the 
position  of  provincial  postmaster  general, 
1st  July,  1873.  After  Confederation  this 
office  was  merged  in  that  of  postmaster  at 
Charlottetown,  although  still  directing  the 
Provincial  mail  service,  in  which  many  im- 
provements were  effected  and  the  efficiency 
of  the  service  greatly  increased.  In  1881  he 
was  also  appointed  post-office  inspector  for 
the  colony,  and  held  these  offices  until  his 
appointment  as  Lieutenant-Governor,  on 
1st  August,  1884.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  International  Convention  held  at  Port- 
land, U.  S.,  in  1868,  and  has  been  a  gover- 
nor of  the  Prince  of  Wales  College,  a  trus- 
tee for  the  Provincial  Hospital  for  the 
Insane,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, a  member  of  the  Board  of  Works,  and 
a  member  of  the  City  School  Board.  In 
1875  he  was  appointed  by  the  government, 
arbitrator  to  settle  difference  between  them 
and  the  contractors  who  built  the  Prince 
Edward  Island  Railway.  He  was  also  pub- 
lic trustee  under  the  Land  Purchase  Act  of 
1875,  and  when  the  value  had  been  awarded 
to  the  proprietors  by  the  Court  of  Com- 
missioners, but  they  had  refused  to  divest 
themselves  of  their  titles,  he  executed  con- 
veyances of  upwards  of  four  hundred  thous- 
and acres  of  their  property  to  the  govern- 
ment as  provided  in  the  Land  Purchase  Act. 
While  in  the  legislature  he  assisted  in  pass- 
ing many  of  the  most  important  acts  on  the 
provincial  statute  book,  and  was  one  of  the 
earliest  advocates  of  the  construction  of  the 
Prince  Edward  Island  Railway  as  a  provin- 
cial work,  although  it  involved  an  expendi- 
ture of  three  millions  of  dollars,  by  a  pro- 
vince whose  ordinary  revenue  was  then  only 
three  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  whose 
population  was  but  one  hundred  thousand, 
but  it  was  successfully  accomplished,  and 


the  cost  borne  by  the  province  now  enjoy- 
ing its  benefits.  Lieut.-Governor  Macdon- 
ald  has  for  many  years  taken  an  active  part 
in  the  promotion  of  temperance ;  is  a  member 
of  the;  Dominion  Temperance  Alliance,  and 
no  wines  or  spirituous  liquors  are  used  or 
offered  at  government  house.  Mr.  Mac- 
donald,  like  his  forefathers  from  time  im- 
morial,  professes  the  Roman  Catholic  faith. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  St.  Vincent  de  Paul 
Society  for  the  relief  of  the  poor,  and  has 
been  chief  of  the  Prince  Edward  Island 
Caledonian  Club  for  several  years  past.  He 
is  also  president  of  the  Arbor  Society.  He 
married,  in  1863,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Owen,  formerly  postmaster- general, 
with  issue  four  sons,  the  eldest,  2Eneas 
Adolphe,  is  his  private  secretary  and  a  law 
student  in  the  office  of  Peters  &  Peters  ;  the 
second  son,  Percy,  has  gone  into  a  mercan- 
tile establishment  to  learn  the  business,  and 
the  two  younger  sons  are  still  at  college. 

Smart,  William  Lynn,  Barrister, 
Hamilton,  Ontario,  was  born  at  St.  Albans, 
Middlesex,  England,  on  16th  September, 
1824.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  John 
Newton  Smart,  of  Trewhitt  House,  Roth- 
bury,  Northumberland,  who  married,  in 
1823,  Mary  Ann,  co-heiress  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Gregory,  vicar  of  Henlow,  Bedford- 
shire, England.  He  succeeded  his  father 
to  the  Trewhitt  and  Netherton  properties, 
in  1875.  Mr.  Smart  graduated  at  King's 
College,  London.  He  left  college  in  1842, 
and  was  articled  to  Smart  &  Buller,  attor- 
neys-at-law  and  solicitors  in  Qhancery,  and 
was  admitted  as  attorney  in  1847,  and  was 
then  taken  in  as  a  partner  of  the  firm  of 
Smart,  Buller  &  Smart.  He  remained  in 
this  firm  until  1853,  when  he  came  to  Can- 
ada on  a  visit  to  the  late  Colonel  Light,  of 
Woodstock.  He  subsequently  accepted  the 
appointment  of  secretary  of  the  Woodstock 
and  Lake  Erie  Railway  Company.  This 
company  afterwards  amalgamated  with  the 
Amherstburg  and  St.  Thomas  Railway  Com- 
pany, under  the  name  Canada  Southern 
Railroad.  Mr.  Smart  remained  as  its  secre- 
tary until  the  year  1862.  Having  been 
admitted  as  an  attorney-at-law  by  the  Law 
Society  of  Upper  Canada.  In  1864  he  left 
the  Canada  Southern  and  entered  into  part- 
nership with  Hector  Cameron,  Q.  C.,  the 
new  firm  taking  the  name  of  Cameron  & 
Smart.  During  the  time  of  the  partnership, 
1866,  he  was  called  to  the  bar  of  Upper 
Canada.  In  1868  the  partnership  was  dis- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


469 


solved,  and  he  commenced  business  in  To- 
ronto on  his  own  account.     In  1873,  he  re- 
moved to  Hamilton,  where  he  received  the 
appointment  of  deputy  judge,   under  the 
late  Judge  Logie  and  also  the  late  Judge 
Ambrose.     The  duties  of  this  office  he  dis- 
charged with  ability  and  care,  giving  much 
satisfaction,  an   address  having  been  pre- 
sented to  him,  signed  by  the  bar  of  Went- 
worth  county,   until  the    appointment  of 
the  present  Judge  Sinclair,.     In  1876  he 
retired  from  his  judicial  position,  and  began 
business  again  as  barrister,  opening  an  office 
in   the   Court    House,    Hamilton.      Judge 
Smart  has   devoted  himself  more   or  less 
to  civic  politics,  and  was  during  1870  and 
1871  a  councillor  for  Yorkville,  now  part 
of  Toronto.  He  belongs  to  the  order  of  Free- 
masons, and  has  held  the  office  of  secretary 
of  the  Ionic  lodge,  No.  25,  Toronto.     He 
is  likewise  a  member  of  the  Orange  order. 
He  is  an  Episcopalian  ;  and  in   politics  a 
Liberal-Conservative.    He  was  a  candidate 
for  South  Oxford  in  1882,  but  did  not  suc- 
ceed.    He  married,  in  1863,  Catherine  Mc- 
Gill   Crooks,    daughter   of   the  late  John 
Crooks,  of  Niagara.    By  this  lady,  who  died 
in  1871,  he  has  three  children.  He  is  a  man 
of  broad  views,  and  though  not  a  prohibi- 
tionist, is  a  sturdy  advocate  of  temperance. 
Van   Home  William  C.,  Vice-Pres- 
ident and  General  Manager  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway,  Montreal. — Of  the  links  that  bind 
the  old  world  to  the  new,  there  is  one  which, 
whatever  may  betide  in  a  future,  near  or  far, 
is  not  likely,  to  give  way.     That  link  is  the 
bond  of  race,  and  in  itself  that  bond  is  man- 
ifold.    In  Mexico,  Central  and  South  Ame- 
rica, a  group  of  successive  states  perpetu- 
ates the  memories  of  Spain's  dominion  in 
the  continent  that  she  helped  Columbus  to 
discover.  Brazil  is  allied  by  blood  and  crown 
to   the   enterprise  of   Portugal.     North  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  the  empire  has,  in  the 
course   of  events,  become   the  heritage  of 
of  men  of  Anglo-Saxon  breed,  whether  the 
flag  be  the  union- jack   or  the   stars  and 
stripes,  the  men  who  raised  it  aloft  were 
mainly   from  the    British   Isles.     Not  all, 
however.     Both  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada  there  are  elements  in  the  population 
— important  elements — which  it  would  be 
stupidity  to  ignore.  The  foundations  of  the 
dominion  were  laid  by  the  valliant  and  pious 
sons  of  La  Belle  France,  and  notwithstand- 
ing  the  change  of  rulership,  the   country 
is  still,  and  must  long  continue  to  be,  to  a 


arge  extent,  administered  by  their  descend- 
ants.    In  the  United  States,  among  the  first 
:o  sow  the  seeds  of  civilization  in  the  wil- 
derness, were  the  hardy  children  of  the  land 
of  dykes  and  fogs.     Hudson,  though  Eng- 
ish  born,  was  by  adoption  and  service  a 
Hollander,  and  the  commercial  metropolis 
of  the  western  hemisphere  was  founded  by 
Dutch  pioneers.     It  is  no  wonder  that  in 
:he  great  American  republic  should  have 
arisen  the  most  sympathetic  and  popular 
tristorian  of  the  growth  and  independence 
of  the  United  Netherlands.     For  if  in  that 
land  of  constant  warfare  with  the  ocean — 
the  well-known  patronymic — which  to  Platt 
Deutsch  ears  is  as  "Mac  "  to  the  Highland- 
er, and  "  O  "  to  the  Munsterman,  has  been 
borne  by  patriots  like  Van  den  Berg,  Van 
der  Does,  Van  Tromp,  and  Van  Hove,  not 
less  distinguished  a  place,  in  proportion  to 
their  numbers,  have  the  founders'  of  Man- 
hattan and  their  descendants  won  for  them- 
selves in  their  new  home.     It  is  also  worthy 
of  remembrance  that,  though  the  English 
displaced    the    Dutch  by  the  law  of  the 
stronger,  the  Dutch  won  back  their  lost  es- 
tates, and  that  in  fact  they  only  submitted 
to  the  English    crown,   when  that  crown 
pressed  the  brow  of  a  compatriot  of  their 
own — William,  Prince  of  Orange.     Of  the 
persons  of  known  Dutch  origin  who  have 
since  those  days  of  struggle  risen  to  proud 
preeminence  in  the  United  States,  the  list 
is  a  long  and  honorable  one.     There  is  no 
rank  of  life,  indeed,  in  which  they  have  not 
been  and  may  still  be  found,  and  as  a  rule, 
wherever  the  syllable  "  Van  "is  prefixed  to 
a  name,  it  denotes  the  ancient  fatherland  of 
its  possessor.     It  may  be  almost  taken  for 
granted   that  he  is  above  the  average  in 
those  qualities  that  win  success  and  esteem. 
That  this  assertion  is  not  made  at  random* 
will  be  evident  to  any  one  who  consults  the 
"Biographical   Directory   of    the  Railway 
Officials  of  America,"  where  the  number  of 
office  bearers  bearing  names  beginning  with 
"  Van  "    is  remarkable.      In  this  list  one 
name  is  conspicuous  as  that  of  a  gentleman 
who  holds  the  supreme  position  among  the 
the  railway  men  of  Canada — that  of  William 
C.  Van  Home,  vice-president  and  general 
manager  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway. 
The  name  is  one,  moreover,  of  high  renown  in 
both  continents,  and   has  been   borne  by 
soldiers,  sailors,    divines,  and  scholars,  as 
well  as  by  men  who  made  their  mark  in  the 
ranks  of  commerce  and  industry.     It  was, 


470 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


it  will  be  remembered,  a  Garratt  Van  Home, 
a  valorous  and  gigantic  Dutchman,  who 
led  that  resolute  band  of  New  Netherland- 
ers  who  refused  to  bend  their  necks  to  the 
English  invader.  One  of  the  race  did,  in- 
deed, afterwards  suffer  discomfiture,  being 
taken  by  surprise,  and  the  students  of  our 
history  will  recall  the  repulse  of  Major 
Thomas  B.  Van  Home,  near  Detroit,  in  1812. 
But  a  namesake  of  that  gallant  officer  has 
amply  avenged  him  in  the  spirit  of  return- 
ing good  for  evil.  The  rivalries  of  peace 
are  more  noble  than  those  of  war,  and  the 
benefit  that  the  subject  of  this  memoir  has 
conferred  on  the  Dominion  and  its  people 
rebounds  to  the  honor  of  the  benefactor,  as 
no  conquest  of  his  military  namesake,  even 
had  he  advanced  unchecked,  could  ever  have 
done.  Mr.  W.  C.  Van  Home  is  in  career 
a  type,  not  only  as  we  have  tried  to  show, 
of  the  stamp  of  character  with  which  Hol- 
land— trained  there,  too,  by  long  and  fruit- 
ful conflict  with  nature — has  endowed  the 
new  world,  but  also  of  a  class  of  men  who 
have  made  North  America  what  it  is  to  day. 
What  the  railway  movement  has  done  for 
civilization  in  the  western,  even  more  than  in 
the  eastern,  hemisphere,  we  need  not  pause 
to  inquire.  Enough  to  suggest  the  inquir- 
ing ;  the  answer  lies  all  around  us  in  the  net- 
work of  lines  which  has  brought  the  most 
remote  and  out-of-the-way  corners  of  the 
continent  into  communication  with  the  great 
centres  of  business,  skilled  labor,  and  varied 
culture.  In  effecting  these  splendid  re- 
sults, Mr.  Van  Home  has  had  a  share  which, 
though  a  few  dates  may  indicate  its  general 
features,  might  be  made  the  theme  of  an  in- 
structive volume.  Though  he  springs,  as 
we  have  seen,  from  the  old  patron  stock  of 
the  Manhattan  colony,  he  is  a  westerner  by 
birth,  having  first  seen  the  light  in  Will 
county,  Illinois,  in  February,  1843.  He  is 
therefore  in  the  very  prime  of  life.  His  rail- 
way experience  begun  some  thirty-two  years 
ago,  when  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Illi- 
nois Central,  as  telegraph  operator,  at  Chi- 
cago. He  afterwards  served  for  six  years 
more,  in  various  capacities,  on  the  Joliet 
division  of  the  Michigan  Central.  From 
1864  to  1872,  he  was  connected  with  the 
Chicago  and  Alton  Railway,  filling  suc- 
cessively the  positions  of  train-despatcher, 
superintendent  of  telegraphs,  and  assistant 
superintendent  of  the  railway;  and  in  1872, 
he  became  general  superintendent  of  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City,  and  Northern  Rail- 


way. From  October,  1874,  till  October, 
1878,  he  was  general  manager  of  the 
Southern  Minnesota  line,  being  president 
of  the  company  from  December,  1877,  till 
December,  1879.  From  October,  1878,  till 
December,  1879,  he  was  general  superin- 
tendent of  the  Chicago  and  Alton  Rail- 
way. In  January,  1880,  he  became  general 
superintendent  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee, 
and  St.  Paul's  Railway,  a  position  which  he 
held  for  two  years.  In  January,  1882,  he 
became  connected  with  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway,  as  general  manager,  and  in  1884, 
he  assumed  the  high  and  responsible  posi- 
tion, which  he  still  holds,  as  vice-president 
of  that  great  company.  This  brief  outline 
indicates  a  career  of  faithful  service  and 
gradual  promotion.  From  that  time  for- 
ward Mr.  Van  Home's  name  has  become  a 
household  one  in  Canada.  His  persever- 
ance, pluck,  and  skill  in  connection  with 
that  railway  soon  placed  him  in  the  fore 
rank  as  one  of  the  great  railway  managers 
of  the  present  century,  and  the  work  he 
performed,  and  the  skill  manifested  in  the 
construction  of  that  great  national  work, 
will  ever  link  his  name  with  the  history  of 
Canada.  The  work  was  completed  within 
six  years  of  the  period  allowed  by  contract, 
the  last  spike  was  driven  by  the  Hon.  (now 
Sir)  Donald  A.  Smith,  at  Eagle  Pass,  340 
miles  from  Port  Moodie,  on  the  7th  of 
November,  1885,  and  the  through  train 
from  Montreal  passed  on  to  the  Pacific  ter- 
minus. The  operation  of  the  line  since  that 
date  has  transcended  the  expectations  even 
of  the  most  sanguine. 

ISryson,  II on.  CJeorsro,  sen.,  Fort 
Coulonge,  (x-Member  of  the  Legislative 
Council  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  was  born 
in  Paisley,  Scotland,  on  the  16th  December, 
1813.  His  parents  were  James  Bryson  and 
Jane  Cochrane,  and  both  were  born  in  Scot- 
land. They  came  to  Canada  in  1821,  and 
settled  in  the  township  of  Ramsay,  Lanark 
county,  Ontario.  Hon.  Mr.  Bryson  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Ram- 
say. For  about  fifty  years  he  has  been  in 
the  lumber  business,  and  has  seen  the  de- 
velopment of  this  national  industry  from 
nearly  its  commencement.  He  was  mayor 
of  the  township  of  Mansfield,  county  of 
Pontiac,  province  of  Quebec,  for  a  number  of 
years,  and  for  several  terms  served  as  war- 
den of  the  county.  In  the  fall  of  1857  he 
entered  political  life,  and  was  returned  to 
represent  Pontiac  in  the  parliament  of  Can- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


471 


ada;  but  parliament  having  been  dissolved 
a  short  time  thereafter,  he  never  took  his 
seat  in  the  house.  At  the  general  election, 
which  took  place  in  1858,  he  again  presented 
himself  for  election,  but  was  defeated.  In 
1867,  however,  he  was  called  to  the  Legis- 
lative Council  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
and  occupied  a  seat  in  this  branch  of  the 
legislature  until  the  17th  of  August,  1887, 
when  he  resigned  in  favor  of  his  son, 
George.  Hon.  Mr.  Bryson  takes  an  interest 
in  Masonry,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Dal- 
liousie  lodge,  city  of  Ottawa.  He  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and 
for  a  number  of  years  has  filled  the  office  of 
elder  in  the  same.  In  politics  he  is  a  mode- 
rate Beformer.  He  is  one  of  the  directors 
of  the  Bank  of  Ottawa.  On  the  4th  March, 
1845,  he  was  married  to  Robina  Cobb,  who 
was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  on  the  20th 
September,  1815,  and  the  fruit  of  this  mar- 
riage has  been  seven  children,  four  of  whom 
are  still  living. 

Kichey,  Rev.  Matthew,  D.D.,  an 
eminent  minister  of  the  Wesleyan  Metho- 
dist connection,  was  born  at  Ramelton,  in 
the  north  of  Ireland,  in  1803  or  1804,  and 
came  to  America  early  in  life.  In  1820  he 
gave  himself  to  the  work  of  the  ministry 
among  the  Methodists,  and  labored  in  New 
Brunswick.  In  1821  his  name  appeared 
upon  the  minutes  of  conference  as  that  of  a 
probationer,  and  his  first  circuit  was  New- 
port, N.  S.  He  was  ordained  and  married 
in  1825,  and  was  then  sent  to  Parrsboro', 
N.S.,  and  subsequently  he  was  appointed 
to  Charlottetown,  Prince  Edward  Island. 
In  1830,  on  account  of  the  impaired  state 
of  Mrs.  Kichey' s  health,  he  removed  to 
Charleston,  S.C.,  where  the  winter  was  spent. 
His  popularity  there  was  so  great  that, 
owing  to  the  crowded  state  of  the  church 
in  which  he  officiated,  it  was  no  uncommon 
thing  for  persons  to  go  in  the  afternoon  to 
the  church  in  which  he  was  to  preach  at 
night,  and  to  remain  supperless,  for  the 
evening  service.  He  returned  to  Nova  Scotia 
in  1831  and  spent  three  years  in  Halifax. 
In  1835  he  was  appointed  to  Montreal,  and 
here,  as  in  his  former  spheres  of  labor,  he 
speedily  won,  and  permanently  held,  the 
love  and  admiration  of  the  people  to  whom 
he  ministered.  In  1836,  the  "  Upper  Can- 
ada Academy,"  since  changed  to  Victoria 
College,  was  to  be  opened,  and  Mr.  Richey 
•was  proffered  the  position  of  principal.  He 
consequently  removed  to  Cobourg,  where 


he  remained  until  1839 ;  the  academy,  under 
his  charge,  acquiring  a  high  and  influential 
character  in  the  public  estimation.  While 
at  Cobourg  he  received  from  the  Middleton 
(Conn.),  Wesleyan  University,  the  degree 
of  M.A.,  and  it  was  here  that  he  wrote  "A 
Memoir  of  the  late  Rev.  William  Black," 
including  an  account  of  the  rise  and  pro- 
gress of  Methodism  in  Nova  Scotia,  etc. 
From  Cobourg  he  was  transferred  to  To- 
ronto, remaining  there  from  1839  to  1843, 
at  which  time  circumstances  led  to  the  sev- 
erance of  the  connection  between  the  British 
and  Canadian  sections  of  Methodism,  which 
had  existed  from  1834.  In  1840  Mr.  Richey 
accompanied  the  Rev.  Joseph  Stinson,  pre- 
sident of  the  Conference,  to  England,  on  a 
visit  rendered  necessary  by  the  new  order  of 
affairs;  and  in  1841  he  was  again  delegated 
to  attend  the  British  Conference,  accom- 
panied by  the  Rev.  E.  Evans.  The  results 
of  those  visits  were  eminently  satisfactory 
to  Wesleyans  in  connection  with  the  British 
Conference.  From  1843  to  1845,  Mr.  Richey 
was  stationed  at  Kingston,  then  the  seat  of 
government.  In  1842  he  was  appointed 
chairman  of  the  Canada  West  District  and 
general  superintendent  of  Missions.  In 
1845  he  was  placed  in  Montreal  as  minister 
of  great  St.  James  street  church,  and  chair- 
man of  the  Canada  East  District.  During 
this  incumbency  he  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  from  the  Middleton  Wesleyan 
University.  To  the  official  responsibilities 
of  the  Montreal  district  were  added  the  su- 
perintendency  of  Missions  in  the  Hudson's 
Bay  territory.  In  1846  Dr.  Richey  was  a 
Canadian  delegate  to  the  London  Evangeli- 
cal Alliance,  and  the  following  year  he  again 
crossed  the  Atlantic  to  attend  the  British 
Conference.  A  better  understanding  be- 
tween the  sections  of  British  and  Canadian 
Methodists  was  being  arrived  at,  and  as  the 
result,  articles  of  union  were  agreed  upon  in 
1847.  In  1848  he  again  removed  to  To- 
ronto, attended  the  General  Conference  of 
the  M.  E.  Church  at  Pittsburg,  and  was 
appointed  president  of  the  Canada  Confer- 
ence. In  the  autumn  of  1849  he  was  thrown 
from  his  carriage,  and  never  entirely  re- 
covered from  the  effects  of  the  fall.  Early 
in  1850  he  removed  to  Windsor,  N.  S.,  and 
enjoyed  the  repose  of  a  country  life  until  the 
following  year,  when,  after  a  visit  to  Eng- 
land and  France,  he  again  took  up  his  resi- 
dence at  Halifax,  was  appointed  chairman 
of  the  Nova  Scotia  West  District,  and  so  con- 


472 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


tinned  until  1855,  when  the  Conference  of 
Eastern  British  America,  comprising  Nova 
Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  Prince  Edward  Is- 
land, the  Bermudas,  and  Newfoundland,  was 
formed,  with  the  Kev.  Dr.  Beechman  as  pre- 
sident, and  Dr.  Bichey  as  codelegate.  That 
year  he  visited  Newfoundland  on  official 
duty,  and  at  a  later  period  spent  a  short 
time  in  Bermuda.  In  1856  he  was  appointed 
president,  and  held  that  office  until  1860, 
when,  as  the  result  of  an  aggravation  of  his 
malady,  it  became  necessary  for  him  to  oc- 
cupy a  supernumerary  relation.  He  again 
visited  England,  and  on  his  return  in  1861, 
he  was  appointed  to  St.  John,  N.  B.  From 
1864  to  1867  was  spent  in  Charlottetown, 
as  chairman  of  the  Prince  Edward  Island 
District,  and  in  the  last  named  year  he  was 
again  president  of  the  Conference  of  E.  B. 
America.  In  1868  he  attended  the  General 
Conerence  of  the  M.  E.  Church  in  Chicago, 
and  in  July  of  the  same  year  he  again  visited 
the  British  Conference.  But  his  condition 
now  rendered  it  necessary  for  him  to  retire 
from  active  labor,  and  he  spent  the  remain-, 
ing  years  of  his  life  under  the  guardianship 
and  affectionate  solicitude  of  family  and 
friends.  On  the  17th  October,  1883,  he 
was  seized  by  paralysis  and  lingered  until 
the  following  Tuesday,  Oct.  24th.  Thus 
passed  away  one  of  the  foremost  divines  in 
the  great  Methodist  denomination,  to  whose 
ripe  scholarship,  rare  theological  attain- 
ments, and  commanding  eloquence,  as  well 
as  to  his  abundant  and  useful  labors,  fre- 
quent reference  is  found  in  Methodistic 
records. 

De§jar<lin§,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Louis  George,  M.P.P.  for  Montmorency, 
Levis.  Quebec,  was  born  at  St.  Jean  Port 
Joli,  County  of  L'Islet,  on  12th  May,  1849. 
He  is  the  son  of  the  late  Fra^ois  Des jar- 
dins.  He  received  his  education  at  Levis 
college,  where  the  training  was  of  the  very 
best  kind  to  fit  a  young  man  for  the  active 
duties  of  life.  He  became  a  journalist,  and 
in  that  profession  has  held  a  number  of 
positions  of  influence  in  relation  to  the 
newspaper  press.  He  was  for  several  years 
editor-in-chief  of  Le  Lanadicn  (Quebec), 
one  of  the  most  influential  of  French-Cana- 
dian papers.  On  the  3rd  February,  1873, 
he  married  Aur&ie,  daughter  of  the  late  C. 
Lachance,  of  Levis.  His  interest  in  militia 
affairs  was  always  keen.  He  has  his  title  of 
lieutenant-colonel  as  commanding  officer  of 
the  17th  battalion  volunteer  militia.  Lieu- 


tenant-Colonel Desjardins  first  entered  ac- 
tive political  life  in  1881,  when  he  was  elect- 
ed to  represent  his  present  constituency  in 
the  House  of  Assembly  of  the  province. 
He  gave  a  strong  and  able  support  to  the 
Chapleau  ministry,  which  was  then  in  powerT 
and  subsequently  to  the  different  adminis- 
trations following,  until  the  defeat  of  the 
Conservatives  at  the  last  general  election. 
In  that  election  Lieutenant-Colonel  Dee  jar- 
dins  was  again  returned.  As  a  journalist 
and  public  speaker,  Mr.  Desjardins  is  po«- 
sessed  of  remarkable  power.  His  knowledge 
of  political  affairs  is  both  wide  and  accurate,, 
and  his  writing,  especially,  shows  that  con- 
scious power  which  comes  of  full  knowledge 
of  the  subject  with  which  he  deals. 

Hamilton,  Hon.  Charle§  Ed- 
ward, Q.C.,  Attorney- General  of  Mani- 
toba, was  born  at  Upner  Castle,  near  Chat- 
ham, England,  on  the  25th  of  March,  1844, 
His  parents  came  to  Canada  with  their 
family  when  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
but  four  years  old;  his  father,  the  late  Cap- 
tain Hamilton,  being  commandant  at  Isle- 
aux-noix,  Quebec.  They  settled  afterwards 
in  St.  Catharines,  where  he  was  educated. 
After  receiving  a  sound  education,  he  enter- 
ed upon  the  study  of  the  law,  being  articled 
in  the  office  of  Hon.  J.  G.  Currie,  then 
speaker  of  the  Legislative  Assembly.  He 
was  so  successful  in  his  study  of  the  law 
that  when  only  twenty-one  he  was  called  to- 
the  bar,  when  he  entered  actively  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  Mr.  Hamilton 
was  an  ardent  member  of  the  volunteer 
force,  and  even  in  his  early  twenties  held  a 
commission  as  captain  in  the  44th  Welland 
battalion.  During  the  Fenian  troubles  of 
1871,  when  it  was  believed  that  the  maraud- 
ers from  the  American  side  of  the  river 
would  repeat  their  incursion  of  five  years 
before,  the  44th  Battalion  was  among  those 
called  out,  and  Captain  Hamilton,  on  that 
occasion,  was  given  charge  of  two  com- 
panies. Mr.  Hamilton  went  to  Winnipeg 
in  February,  1881,  and  was  called  to  the 
bar  of  that  province  in  May  of  the  same 
year.  He  took  part  in  founding  the  firm  of 
Aikins,  Culver  &  Hamilton,  which  quickly 
took  a  foremost  place  in  the  ranks  of  the 
legal  profession  in  Winnipeg.  In  1885,  Mr. 
Hamilton  was  elected  mayor  of  the  city,  and 
in  the  same  year  was  nominated  as  the  min- 
isterial candidate  to  contest  Winnipeg  South 
for  the  local  legislature,  his  opponent  being- 
Mr.  W.  F.  Luxton,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


473 


ex-opposition.  The  contest  was  an  exceed- 
ingly keen  one,  and  one  that  attracted  wide 
attention.  Mr»  Hamilton  was  successful. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  executive  coun- 
cil, holding  the  portfolio  of  attorney-gen- 
eral in  the  same  year.  In  the  last  general 
election  Mr.  Hamilton  was  returned  for 
Shoal  Lake.  Mr.  Norquay's  government 
resigned  on  the  23rd  of  December,  1887, 
and  Dr.  Harrison  was  called  upon  to  form 
a  government.  Mr.  Hamilton  was  sworn 
in  on  the  26th  of  December,  1887,  as  attor- 
ney-general of  the  new  government.  He 
was  one  of  the  two  representatives  of  the 
Manitoba  government  at  the  later  provin- 
cial conference,  hon.  John  Norquay,  then 
premier,  being  the  head  of  the  deputation, 
In  everything  pertaining  to  the  indus- 
trial development  of  the  city  and  the  pro- 
vince, Mr.  Hamilton  has  taken  a  deep  in- 
terest. He  is  a  director  of  the  Commer- 
cial Bank  of  Manitoba,  and  a  director  also 
of  the  Manitoba  Mortgage  and  Investment 
Company.  In  1884  Mr.  Hamilton  married 
Miss  Alma  Ashworth,  daughter  of  Mr.  John 
Ashworth,  cashier  of  the  Post  Office  depart- 
ment, Ottawa.  His  church  relations  are 
with  the  Presbyterian  denomination.  In 
his  profession,  Mr.  Hamilton  has  been  most 
successful,  the  call  to  the  high  position  of 
attorney-general  being  a  deserved  tribute 
to  his  legal  attainments.  His  career  as  a 
public  man  has  been  such  as  to  win  for  him 
not  only  the  enthusiastic  regard  of  his  sup- 
porters, but  also  the  esteem  and  respect  of 
his  opponents,  and,  though  in  an  arena  so 
small  as  the  political  field  of  Manitoba,  per- 
sonal issues  are  too  apt  to  be  forced  to  the 
front,  those  who  oppose  him  are  compelled, 
by  the  purity  of  his  record,  to  do  so  on 
public  grounds. 

Campbell,  If  en.  William,  Farmer 
and  MiUowner,  Park  Corner,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  was  born  at  Park  Corner  on 
12th  January,  1836.  He  is  the  eighth  son 
of  the  late  James  Campbell,  of  Park  Corner, 
New  London,  P.E.I.  His  mother,  Eliza- 
beth Montgomery,  of  Princetown,  was  a 
sister  of  the  Hon.  Senator  Montgomery. 
Hon.  Mr.  Campbell  is  descended  from  the 
Breadalbane  Campbells  on  the  paternal  side, 
and  from  the  Camerons  of  Lochiel  on  the 
maternal  side.  His  grandfather  came  to 
Prince  Edward  Island  in  1773,  from  Breadal- 
bane, in  Perthshire,  Scotland,  with  Governor 
Paterson,  a  military  officer.  Mr.  Campbell 
received  his  education  in  his  native  parish. 


He  has  taken  a  very  active  interest  in  mili- 
tary affairs,  and  has  held  the  commissions  of 
captain,  major,  and  is  now  lieutenant-colo- 
nel of  Queen's  county  militia.  On  entering 
political  life,  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Assembly  for  Queen's  First  Division  in 
1873,  on  the  resignation  of  the  sitting  mem- 
ber; and  three  years  later,  he  was  re-elected 
as  a  supporter  of  free  schools.  In  1879r 
he  was  sworn  in  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Sul- 
livan cabinet,  without  a  portfolio.  In  March 
folio  wing,  he  was  appointed  minister  of  pub- 
lic works,  and  on  appealing  to  his  constitu- 
ents was  elected  by  acclamation.  He  was 
also  commissioner  of  the  government  stock 
farm.  Again,  at  the  general  election  held 
in  1882,  he  was  returned,  and  continued  a, 
member  of  the  government,  as  minister  of 
public  works,  until  1st  February,  1887, 
when  he  resigned  this  office  to  run  as  a  can- 
didate for  the  House  of  Commons  at  Otta- 
wa for  Queen's  county,  but  failed  to  secure 
his  election.  While  in  parliament  he  took 
an  active  part  in  the  discussion  of  the  lead- 
ing questions  of  the  times — notably  the  land 
question,  free  schools,  reduction  of  the  pro- 
vincial expenditure,  etc.  Hon.  Mr.  Camp- 
bell, in  religion,  belongs  to  the  Presbyterian 
church,  and  to  the  Conservative  party  in 
politics.  He  was  married  first,  in  1864,  to 
Elizabeth  McLeod,  of  New  London,  and 
second,  in  February,  1873,  to  Elizabeth  L. 
Sutherland,  daughter  of  the  late  John  S. 
Sutherland,  of  Caithness- shire,  Scotland. 

Bow§er,  Rev.  Alexander  Thomas, 
B.D.,  Pastor  of  First  Unitarian  Church,  To- 
ronto, was  born  in  Sackville,  NewBrunswickr 
February  20,  1848.  His  parents,  Eobert 
and  Jane  (Kirk)  Bowser  were  respectively 
of  English  and  Scotch  descent.  Alexander 
was  the  sixth  child  of  a  family  of  twelve  (six 
boys  and  six  girls).  In  1864  he  left  home 
to  enter  a  store  in  the  town  of  Moncton,  as 
clerk  ;  but  wishing  for  the  greater  advan- 
tages of  life  in  a  large  city,  he  soon  after- 
wards went  to  Boston,Massachusetts,  wherey 
in  connection  with  business,  he  was  able  to 
pursue  the  course  of  study  at  the  Latin 
High  School  ;  and  in  1873  was  matricula- 
ted as  Freshman  at  Harvard  College,  receiv- 
ing the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  in  regu- 
lar course,  in  1877  ;  and  three  years  later 
(1880),  on  graduating  from  the  Divinity 
School,  he  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Divinity.  Mr.  Bowser's  first  year  in  the 
ministry  was  devoted  to  mission  work  in 


474 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


St.  Louis,  Missouri.  Here,  on  2nd  May, 
1881,  he  was  ordained  to  the  Christian  min- 
istry in  the  Church  of  the  Messiah  (Unitar- 
ian), the  venerable  Chancellor  of  Washing- 
ton University,  Eev.  W.  G.  Eliot,  D.D.,  giv- 
ing the  charge  to  the  young  preacher  and  of- 
fering the  prayer  of  ordination,  and  the  Eev. 
John  Snyder,  pastor  of  the  Church  of  the 
Messiah,  giving  him  the  right  hand  of  fel- 
lowship. Mr.  Bowser  now  spent  two  years 
in  Evansville,  Indiana,  as  the  representative 
of  the  American  Unitarian  Association  ;  but 
his  influence  soon  extended  beyond  his  de- 
nominational work  into  public  affairs,  many 
of  his  Sunday  evening  lectures  being  print- 
ed in  full  in  the  daily  papers.  The  general 
character  of  these  lectures  may  be  inferred 
from  a  few  of  the  subjects  treated,  such  as 
"  The  need  of  Conscience  in  Public  Affairs," 
•"  Coffee  Houses  versus  Liquor  Saloons," 
*'  Why  the  Chinese  should  not  be  excluded 
from  the  United  States.'  Having  presented 
the  EvansvillePublic  Library  with  a  number 
of  Unitarian  publications,  the  trustees  were 
so  well  pleased  with  the  books  that  they  re- 
quested him  to  prepare  a  list  of  such  works 
as  he  would  wish  them  to  purchase  for  the 
library,  and  the  result  was  that  nearly 
300  volumes  of  the  latest  religious  and 
scientific  thought  were  placed  upon  their 
shelves.  In  January,  1884,  Mr.  Bowser 
was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Third 
Congregational  ( Unitarian  )  Church  of 
Hingham,  Massachusetts,  one  of  the  old- 
est and  most  influential  Societies  in  New 
England,  numbering  among  its  mem- 
bers General  Lincoln,  who  was  secretary  of 
war  under  Washington  ;  John  Albion  An- 
drew, who  was  Governor  of  Massachusetts 
during  the  civil  war,  and  ex-Governor  John 
D.  Long,  who  is  now  (1888)  member  of 
Congress  for  that  district.  This  important 
position  Mr.  Bowser  held  for  three  years, 
winning  the  respect  and  love  not  only  of  his 
own  parish,  but  of  the  community  at  large  ; 
but  on  receiving  an  invitation  from  the  First 
Unitarian  Congregation  of  Toronto,  he  felt 
that  it  was  a  call  from  heaven  to  carry  the 
beautiful  and  soul-inspiring  truths  of  Uni- 
tarian Christianity  to  his  own  people  of 
Canada,  where  these  principles  are  not  so 
well  known  as  in  Massachusetts.  Accord- 
ingly, he  resigned,  and  on  the  last  Sunday 
in  January,  1887,  took  charge  of  the  church 
in  Toronto.  Mr.  Bowser  was  brought  up 
in  the  Methodist  church,  and  first  became 
interested  in  Unitarianism  while  pursuing 


his  studies  preparatory  to  entering  Harvard 
College.  He  was  at  the  time  an  earnest 
worker  in  one  of  the  Methodist  churches  in 
Boston,  when  suddenly  a  charge  of  Unitar- 
ian heresy  was  brought  against  him,  though 
he  had  no  idea  himself,  at  the  time,  that  he 
was  in  sympathy  with  their  peculiar  views 
of  religion.  This,  however,  awakened  his 
interest,  and  he  began  to  inquire  about  the 
principles  of  this  body,  and  was  told  by  one 
of  their  ministers  to  read  the  New  Testament 
and  see  for  himself  what  Jesus  and  the 
Apostles  taught,  and  he  would  find  the 
Unitarian  doctrine.  This  he  did  with  ear- 
nest care  for  several  years,  and  having  fail- 
ed to  find  a  single  passage  in  which  it  is 
distinctly  stated  that  Jesus  was  God,  or  the 
Second  Person  in  the  Trinity,  but  on  the 
other  hand,  finding  the  essential  principles 
of  Unitarianism  stated  in  the  most  explicit 
language  everywhere  throughout  the  Bible, 
he  became  a  Unitarian,  and  claims  that  he 
is  one  simply  and  only  because  it  is  the  re- 
ligion of  Jesus  Christ  and  the  early  Chris- 
tians. Mr.  Bowser  regards  his  residence  in 
St.  Louis  as  one  of  the  most  important 
periods  of  his  life,  as  it  was  there  that  he  first 
met  Miss  Adelaide  Prescott  Beed,  to  whom 
he  was  united  in  marriage  in  April,  1884. 
Mr.  Bowser  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  was  Chaplain  of  the  Old  Colony 
Lodge  of  Hingham,  and  is  now  (1888) 
Chaplain  of  St.  Andrew's  Lodge  of  Toronto. 
tilack,  Charles  Allan,  M.D,,  Am- 
herst,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  August  23rd, 
1844,  at  Salem,  Cumberland  county,  N.S. 
The  family  is  Scotch  originally,  the  founder 
in  this  country  being  William  Black,  who 
came  from  Huddersfield,  England,  to  Nova 
Scotia  in  1774.  Our  subject's  father  was 
Hazen  Black,  son  of  Thomas,  who  was 
grandson  of  William  above-mentioned.  The 
pioneer,  William  Black,  was  born  in  Paisley, 
Scotland,  in  1727,  whence  he  migrated  to 
England  and  thence  to  Nova  Scotia.  Upon 
landing  in  Halifax  with  his  wife  and  five 
children  he  travelled  inland  about  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty  miles,  and  settled  on  a  large 
fertile  farming  area  near  enough  to  Fort 
Cumberland  to  hear  the  cannonading.  This 
fort  was  one  of  the  last  military  strongholds 
relinquished  by  the  French  when  Nova 
Scotia  was  ceded  to  the  British.  The  farm 
he  selected  is  situated  within  one  mile  of 
the  now  large  town  of  Amherst,  and  is  still 
occupied  by  some  of  his  descendants.  Hazen 
Black,  father  of  our  subject,  married  Martha 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


475 


Ann,  second  daughter  of  John  Bent,  Salem, 
in  the  above-named  county,  who  was  a  far- 
mer of  some  note.  They  had  five  children, 
two  sons  and  three  daughters,  whose  names 
were  as  follow  :  Charles  Allan,  John  Bots- 
ford,  Augusta,  Laura,  and  Ada.  All  are 
living  except  Laura,  who  died  in  her  13th 
year.  Charles  Allan,  the  eldest  and  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  educated  at  the 
grammar  school  of  Amherst,  finishing  his 
studies  at  Sackville  (N.B. )  Academy,  now 
Mount  Allison  University.  After  leaving 
college  he  decided  in  favour  of  the  profes- 
sion of  a  druggist  and  entered  as  a  student 
under  Dr.  Nathan  Tupper  (brother  of  Sir 
Charles  Tupper),  in  Amherst,  N.S.,  where 
he  remained  three  years,  when  he  decided 
to  study  for  the  medical  profession.  He 
graduated  from  the  Pennsylvania  Univer- 
sity, Philadelphia,  in  March,  1867,  with  the 
de  gree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine,  being  then 
in  his  23rd  year.  He  commenced  practice 
at  Sackville,  N.  B.,  but  soon  removed  to 
Asmherst,  N.S.,  where  he  had  spent  his  early 
school  days  and  student  life.  Here  he  has 
c  ntinued  to  enjoy  a  successful  practice  for 
over  twenty  years.  He  was  appointed  a 
coroner  for  the  county  of  Cumberland  in 
1881.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Orange 
society  in  1863,  and  continued  a  member 
in  good  standing  while  the  society  existed. 
He  is  an  active  member  of  the  Independent 
Order  of  Good  Templars,  and  has  great 
love  and  attachment  for  that  Order.  He 
joined  it  in  1865,  and  has  continued  a  mem- 
ber ever  since  ;  held  all  the  offices  in  the 
subordinate  lodge.  Is  a  past  grand  coun- 
sellor and  past  grand  treasurer  in  the 
grand  lodge  for  Nova  Scotia  ;  held  the  lat- 
ter office  for  four  successive  years.  He  was 
present  at  the  grand  lodge  session  at  Liver- 
pool, N.S.,  when  this  Order  split  on  the 
Negro  question  in  1876.  Although  the 
grand  lodge  carried  the  resolution  to  secede 
by  a  large  majority  he  was  one  of  the  small 
minority  of  seven  who  decided  to  remain 
loyal  to  the  original  right  worthy  grand 
lodge.  Ten  years  after  this,  when  the  bodies 
became  again  re-united  he  was  present  at 
the  marriage.  Prior  to  1886  he  had  always 
been  in  close  sympathy  with  the  Liberal- 
Conservative  party,  but  at  that  time  he 
espoused  tha  "Third  Party"  movement 
and  is  an  uncompromising  supporter  of  it, 
believing  that  the  prohibition  of  the  liquor 
traffic  in  Canada  can  only  be  obtained 
through  the  medium  of  a  distinct  politi- 


cal party.  When  that  party  was  organized 
in  Cumberland  county,  in  January,  1887, 
he  was  appointed  on  the  executive  commit- 
tee, his  colleagues  being  such  well  known 
workers  as  C.  E.  Casey,  E.  B.  Elderkin, 
J.  W.  Hickman,  J.  A.  Simpson,  Kuf  us  Hicks, 
Revds.  Joseph  Coffin,  J.  B.  Giles,  and  others. 
In  the  Dominion  elections  held  in  February 
of  that  year,  J.  T.  Bulmer,  of  Halifax,  was 
the  candidate  of  the  new  party.  After  a 
very  heated  contest,  Sir  Charles  Tupper, 
finance  minister,  being  the  Conservative 
candidate,  and  Hon.  W.  T.  Pipes,  ex-Pre- 
mier of  Nova  Scotia,  the  Liberal,  Mr.  Bul- 
mer polled  206  votes.  These  were  recorded 
for  a  "  principle."  This  was  the  first  in- 
stance in  Canada  where  a  pure  and  simple 
prohibition  candidate  was  placed  in  the  field 
for  federal  parliamentary  honours,  but  it  did 
not  remain  so  long.  The  election  alluded 
to  having  been  set  aside  by  the  courts,  Mr. 
Bulmer  again  contested  the  constituency  in 
the  interest  of  the  new  party.  Sir  Charles 
Tupper  was  his  only  opponent  this  time, 
November,  1887,  the  Liberal  party  not  put- 
ting a  candidate  forward.  Dr.  Black  and 
others  took  the  field  and  the  result  was  that 
the  206  votes  of  February  became  1,026  in 
November.  Dr.  Black  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  church,  and  has  always  been  an 
attendant  upon  its  ministry,  though  it  was 
not  until  1884  he  identified  himself  as  a 
member  of  that  body.  He  married  in  Janu- 
ary, 1871,  Sarah  E.,  second  daughter  of  the 
Kev.  George  F.  Miles,  tlren  pastor  of  the  Bap 
tist  church,  Amherst,  ^  v  whom  he  had  one 
daughter.  Two  months  \  fter  their  baby  was 
born  his  wife  contracted  inflamation  of  the 
lungs,  which  developing  into  consumption, 
caused  her  death  in  May,  1873.  His  little 
daughter  followed  her  mother  when  about 
five  years  old,  being  ill  only  two  days.  On 
the  14th  of  September,  1881,  he  married 
Elizabeth  B.,  eldest  daughter  of  Capt.  John 
K.  Elderkin,  ex-custos  of  the  Court  of  Ses- 
sions for  Cumberland  county,  N.S.  By 
this  marriage  he  has  issue  one  son,  Vaughan 
Elderkin  Black,  born  September  28th,  1884, 
Dr.  Black,  besides  practising  his  profession, 
has  indulged  hi  outside  speculations  with 
varying  success.  In  1877,  by  the  death  of 
a  professional  brother,  a  valuable  drug  stand 
was  put  in  the  market.  This  he  bought 
and  fitted  up  with  all  modern  improvements 
putting  a  competent  man  in  charge.  Dr. 
Black  has  given  his  profession  that  close 
and  careful  attention  which  is  always  nece 


476 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


sary  to  become  a  successful  practitioner,  and 
success  has  abundantly  crowned  his  endea- 
vours. In  his  early  days  he  made  himself 
acquainted  with  the  facts  as  to  how  far  al- 
cohol or  any  of  its  compounds  were  medici- 
nal or  required  in  the  treatment  of  human 
ailments.  From  study,  experience,  and  ob- 
servation, he  was  forced  to  the  conclusions 
that  much  of  the  previous  medical  teach- 
ings as  to  the  therapeutical  powers  of  this 
drug  were  fallacious,  that  medical  virtues 
were  ascribed  to  alcohol  which  it  did  not 
possess,  and  that  in  a  very  large  percentage 
of  diseases  it  lessened  the  vital  energies  in- 
stead of  giving  tone  and  strength  as  was 
taught  in  earlier  days.  Being  independent 
in  character,  and  determined  to  act  upon 
principle,  in  contradistinction  to  policy, 
he  frequently  met  with  difficulty  upon  this 
point  with  his  medical  confreres  in  con- 
sultation, etc.  Not  only  had  he  opposi- 
tion from  his  professional  brethren,  but 
the  effect  of  this  pernicious  teaching  among 
the  masses  was  so  deep-rooted  that  no 
household  in  the  early  days  of  his  practice 
was  thought  complete  without  a  little  gin 
or  whiskey  "  the  panacea  for  every  ailment 
that  the  flesh  was  heir  to."  Opinions  have 
changed  since  those  days  and  are  still 
rapidly  changing,  and  the  drug,  alcohol,  is 
now  prescribed  more  in  accordance  with 
scientific  teaching.  Personally  Dr.  Black 
is  a  genial  companion,  a  faithful  friend  and 
self-sacrificing  to  a  degree.  It  goes  without 
saying  that  he  is  beloved  even  by  those 
who  do  not  agree  with  all  his  opinions,  and 
by  those  who  do  he  has  their  confidence 
and  love  to  an  unlimited  extent. 

Richard,  Rev.  €1111011  l.oui-.  A.M., 
Prefect  of  Studies,  College  of  Three  Kivers, 
Three  Rivers,  province  of  Quebec,  was  born 
on  the  30th  November,  1838,  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Gre'goire-le-Grand,  county  of  Nicolet, 
province  of  Quebec.  His  father,  Jean  Noel 
Richard,  a  farmer,  was  one  of  the  descend- 
ants of  the  unhappy  Acadians  exiled  from 
their  country  by  the  British,  and  whose  suf- 
erings  have  been  so  eloquently  depicted  by 
Longfellow  in  his  masterpiece,  "Evange- 
line."  After  the  fall  of  Beausejour,  in  the 
eastern  part  of  what  is  to-day  New  Bruns- 
wick, the  inhabitants  left  the  smoking  ruins 
of  their  humble  homes,  and  took  the  road 
to  exile,  with  whatever  chattels  they  were 
able  to  save  from  the  rapacity  of  the  victors, 
rather  than  swear  allegiance  to  the  new 
masters.  A  portion  of  the  Acadians  were 


sent  to  Louisiana,  to  Virginia,  Pennsylvania, 
New  York,  and  Massachusetts,  and  the  re- 
mainder, among  whom  were  his  ances- 
tors, emigrated  to  the  province  of  Que- 
bec. Jean  Noel  Richard  settled  in  the 
district  of  Three  Rivers,  and  eventually 
married  Marie  Madelaine  Masse,  a  de- 
scendant of  a  French  family  which  had 
settled  in  the  same  district  at  the  outset  of 
the  colony.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  be- 
gan a  classical  course  of  studies  under  the 
guidance  of  Moise  Laplante — a  man  re- 
markable for  his  learning  and  ability  as  a 
teacher — and  completed  his  course  in  1859, 
at  the  seminary  of  Nicolet.  Being  instinc- 
tively drawn  towards  ecclesiastical  life,  and 
feeling  convinced  his  vocation  was  in  that 
direction,  he  studied  theology  in  the  same 
seminary  until  1860,  when  the  College  of 
Three  Rivers  was  founded.  The  attention 
of  the  Bishop  of  Three  Rivers,  Monseigneur 
Cooke,  having  been  called  to  the  young 
divinity  student,  he  appointed  him  a  profes- 
sor in  the  new  institution  of  learning,  and 
henceforth  his  life  was  devoted  to  the  noble 
work  of  education,  and  his  influence  and 
energy  were  exerted  on  behalf  of  the  new 
College,  in  the  golden  book  of  which  estab- 
lishment his  name  will  be  engraved.  On 
the  25th  of  September,  1864,  he  was  or- 
dained priest,  and  successively  discharged 
the  duties  of  the  following  offices  to  the  en- 
tire satisfaction  of  all  concerned: — Director 
in  1865;  purveyor  in  1867,  and  prefect  of 
studies  at  the  same  time;  pro-superior  from 
1870  to  1880;  from  1880  to  1886  we  find 
him  occupying  the  responsible  position  of 
superior;  at  the  present  time  (1887)  he  is 
prefect  of  studies.  His  aim  has  ever  been 
to  place  the  college  over  which  he  presided 
during  so  many  years  in  the  very  front 
rank  of  the  institutions  of  learning  in  the 
country.  On  the  25th  June,  1883,  the  autho- 
rities of  Laval  University  of  Quebec,  wishing 
to  reward  the  devotion  displayed  by  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Richard,  and  the  services  he  had 
rendered  as  a  teacher  to  the  cause  of  educa- 
tion hi  Canada,  granted  him  the  degree  of 
A.M.  His  ordinary,  Right  Rev.  Bishop  La- 
fldche,  in  recognition  of  his  social  qualities, 
honored  him,  on  the  llth  of  September,. 

1884,  with  the  title  of  canon  to  the  chapter 
of  the  Cathedral  of  Three  Rivers.  In  June, 

1885,  Rev.   Father  Richard  conceived  the 
idea  of  calling   together   all   the  old  pupils 
of  the  College  of  Three  Rivers,  in  order  to 
celebrate  the   twenty-fifth   anniversary   of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


477 


the  foundation  of  the  institution.  He  met 
with  a  hearty  response,  and  the  result  was 
a  brilliant  gathering  of  men  who  had  achiev- 
ed success  in  the  different  walks  of  life  they 
had  chosen.  On  that  occasion  Father  Bich- 
ard  published  a  very  interesting  book  of  530 
pages,  entitled  "Histoire  du  College  des 
Trois  Bivteres,"  a  work  which  should  be  in 
the  hands  of  all  those  who  take  an  interest 
in  the  dissemination  of  good  books.  In 
common  with  the  clergy  of  the  diocese  of 
Three  Bivers,  Bev.  Mr.  Bichard  is  an  ardent 
and  devout  believer  in  the  integrity  of  the 
dogmas  and  fundamental  principles  of  the 
Boman  Catholic  church,  believing  that  man- 
kind can  and  shall  be  saved  only  by  coming 
into  the  church  established  by  Jesus  Christ 
himself,  i.e.,  the  Catholic,  Apostolic  and 
Boman  church,  represented  on  earth  by 
his  Holiness  the  Pope,  and  out  of  which 
there  is  no  possible  salvation,  no  possible 
future  state  of  bliss,  either  for  individuals 
or  for  society. 

Tourangeau,  Adolpbe  O.,  Post- 
master, Ex-Mayor,  and  Ex-M.P.  for  Que- 
bec, was  born  in  Quebec  city  on  the  15th 
January,  1831.  He  is  the  son  of  the  late 
Jean  G.  Tourangeau,  J.P.,  of  Quebec,  not- 
ary public,  who  for  many  years  was  elected 
alderman  for  Quebec,  and  grandson  of  Jean 
Tourangeau,  merchant,  who  left  consider- 
able property,  still  in  the  possession  of  his 
descendants.  One  of  these  properties  was 
purchased  from  the  Dumont  family,  and 
upon  it  there  stood  the  historical  Dumont' s 
mill  at  the  very  place  where  is  now  the 
splendid  monument  erected  to  the  memory 
of  the  English  and  French  heroes  who  fell 
at  the  celebrated  battle  of  St.  Foye,  1760. 
Mr.  Tourangeau's  great  grandfather  emi- 
grated from  La  Touraine,  France,  to  settle 
in  Canada,  after  serving  in  the  French  navy. 
His  grandmother,  on  his  father's  side,  was  a 
woman  of  superior  intellect,  whose  father, 
Bid^gare",  had  emigrated  from  Bayonne, 
France,  and  having  some  means,  built  and 
opened  a  fancy  leather  factory  (megisserie) 
near  the  place  where  Arogo  street  runs  into 
St.  Vallier  street,  Quebec.  The  building 
being  protected  by  the  high  cliff  close  be- 
hind, a  body  of  American  troops  took  pos- 
session of  it  during  the  war  of  1775,  and 
established  their  quarters  there ;  but  the  con- 
stant firing  and  shelling  from  the  Palais  bat- 
teries destroyed  the  building,  and  with  it  the 
fortune  of  its  proprietor.  This  attempt  to 
manufacture  leather  may  be  considered  as 


the  first  serious  one  of  the  kind  in  Canada. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at 
the  Quebec  seminary  and  Quebec  High 
School,  studied  law  under  the  Hon.  Louis 
Panet,  and  followed  the  law  course  of  Laval 
University  from  its  opening  to  the  time  he 
was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  the  notarial 
profession,  in  1855;  was  at  different  times 
elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Notaries 
for  the  province  of  Quebec,  and  appointed 
notary  for  the  corporation  of  Quebec  by  the 
vote  of  the  council.  He  executed  the  deed 
of  transfer  of  the  North  Shore  railway,  also 
the  waterworks  contract.  He  held  this  po- 
sition until  he  resigned,  in  1883,  to  accept 
the  postmastership  of  Quebec,  offered  to 
him  by  the  Dominion  government.  He  is 
lieutenant-colonel  of  militia  for  the  electoral 
division  of  Quebec  East,  and  a  justice  of 
the  peace.  Mr.  Tourangeau  was  elected 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Quebec  four  times  ; 
first  by  a  very  large  majority  of  the  council, 
and  three  times  afterwards  by  the  people, 
twice  unanimously,  and  the  fourth  time,  in 
1869,  by  a  very  large  majority.  He  was 
twice  elected  to  represent  Quebec  East  in 
the  House  of  Commons ;  first  in  1870, 
after  a  spirited  contest,  and  by  acclama- 
tion at  the  general  elections  of  1872.  He 
was  defeated  by  a  small  majority  in  1864, 
when  he  was  put  in  nomination,  against 
his  will,  to  represent  the  Stadacona  Divi- 
sion in  the  Legislative  Council.  He  had 
been  defeated  by  a  small  majority  in  1863, 
when  put  in  nomination  for  the  county  of 
Montmorency  against  the  late  Hon.  Joseph 
Cauchon.  He  allowed  himself  to  be  nomi- 
nated for  Quebec  East  in  1877  against  the 
present  leader  of  the  opposition  at  Otta- 
wa, Hon.  "Wilfrid  Laurier,  then  a  minister 
in  the  Mackenzie  government,  and  was  de- 
feated by  a  small  majority,  after  the  sever- 
est contest  possible,  wherein  both  political 
parties  took  a  very  active  part,  it  being  con- 
sidered as  a  test  case  between  the  two  poli- 
tical parties.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Que- 
bec Harbor  Commission,  and,  as  such,  did  a 
great  deal  to  improve  the  harbor,  and  later, 
when  in  parliament,  successfully  recom- 
mended to  the  government,  in  a  strong 
business  speech,  the  necessity  of  consolidat- 
ing the  debt  and  securing  the  bonds,  in  or- 
der to  raise  more  capital  to  proceed  with 
the  works,  without  adding  much  to  the  in- 
terest that  had  then  to  be  paid.  He  was  a 
director  of  the  North  Shore  railway,  and  one 
of  the  few  who  attended  the  first  meeting 


478 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


held  to  revive  the  charter  of  that  company ; 
was  a  director  of  the  Gosford  (afterwards 
the  Lake  St.  John)  railway;  was  a  provi- 
sional director  of  the  Stadacona  Bank, 
whose  charter  he  had  secured  through  par- 
liament. It  was  while  Mr.  Tourangeau  was 
mayor,  and  with  his  assistance,  that  the 
present  steam  ferry  between  Quebec  and 
Levis  was  established,  by  means  of  a  con- 
tract, drafted  by  himself.  During  his  regime 
the  street  railway  was  first  operated  in  Que- 
bec, the  contract  being  drafted  by  himself, 
and  the  fire  alarm  telegraph  was  decided  upon 
after  an  inspection  of  the  same  in  Montreal. 
All  the  acts  concerning  the  incorporation  of 
the  city  of  Quebec  were  consolidated  and 
amended,  the  city  debt  was  consolidated, 
the  fiscal  year  was  made  to  agree  with  house 
rents,  and  the  finances  of  the  city  were 
placed  on  a  sound  basis.  Other  important 
reforms  were  effected.  Besides  practising  as 
a  notary,  Mr.  Tourangeau  did  business  as 
a  broker  and  insurance  agent  for  some  years 
till  he  went  back  to  politics,  and  having  the 
advantage  of  being  favorably  known,  and 
of  knowing  personally  the  character  and 
standing  of  mostly  every  one  in  Quebec, 
met  with  great  success.  In  1865  and  1866 
Mr.  Tourangeau  went  into  the  brewing 
business,  under  the  name  and  firm  of  Tou- 
rangeau, Lloyd  &  Co.,  but  afterwards  with- 
drew, owing  to  the  sharp  competition,  which 
brought  rain  on  those  who  persisted  in  it. 
Mr.  Tourangeau  was  married  in  1861  to 
Victoria  A.  Jourdain,  daughter  of  Augustus 
Jourdain,  who  died  in  Quebec  in  1840,  after 
being  for  many  years  the  librarian  of  the 
then  Executive  Council  of  Lower  Canada. 
Mr.  Tourangeau  is  a  man  with  broad  views, 
who  always  enjoyed  the  respect  and  esteem 
of  all  classes,  irrespective  of  creed  or  nation- 
ality. In  politics  he  gave  his  support  to 
the  Liberal  party,  either  as  a  candidate  or 
in  favor  of  Liberal  candidates,  until  his 
fourth  election  as  mayor,  in  1869,  when 
several  of  the  Liberal  leaders  went  with  the 
Conservatives  against  him,  and  from  that 
date  Mr.  Tourangeau  withdrew  his  confid- 
ence in  the  Liberal  party,  and  gave  it  to 
the  Conservatives,  but  in  an  independent 
way,  voting  against  them  when  not  in  sym- 
pathy with  his  principles.  He  was  in  favor 
of  confederation  at  the  time,  and  voted  for 
the  admission  of  Manitoba,  British  Colum- 
bia, Prince  Edward  Island,  and  the  North  - 
West  Territories  into  the  Union.  A  great 
event  in  the  life  of  Mr.  Tourangeau  and  the 


history  of  Quebec  was  the  besieging  of  the 
city  hall  while  he  was  mayor.  Several  un- 
successful attempts  had  been  made  to  sub- 
stitute commissioners  appointed  by  the  gov- 
ernment for  the  mayor  and  council,  elected 
by  the  people;  but  at  the  session  of  1869 
to  1870  the  adversaries  of  Mr.  Tourangeau 
managed  to  get  a  majority  of  Parliament 
to  decide,  notwithstanding  the  energetic 
protests  of  the  citizens  of  Quebec,  that  a 
new  election  must  take  place.  The  mayor 
and  councillors,  who  a  few  days  before  had 
been  elected  by  the  people,  to  be  subject  to 
a  new  election,  and  the  mayor  to  be  elected 
by  the  councillors,  who  would  be  the  out- 
come of  this  new  election.  Acting  upon  the 
advice  of  the  city  attorney,  L.  G.  Bailiarge, 
Q.C.,  the  Hon.  G.  O'Kill  Stuart,  Q.C.,  and 
other  prominent  lawyers,  Mr.  Tourangeau 
kept  possession  of  the  city  hall,  and  allowed 
no  one  in,  in  order  to  prevent  the  new  coun- 
cillors from  entering  the  place  and  electing 
another  mayor.  An  informal  election,  how- 
ever, took  place  outside,  and  for  some  time 
the  city  had  two  mayors.  A  writ  against 
Mr.  Tourangeau  did  not  succeed,  and  he 
declared  that  he  would  rather  be  starved  to 
death  than  give  up  his  rights.  Thereupon 
the  chief  of  police  was  ordered  to  break  in 
the  doors  and  take  possession  of  the  city 
hall  in  the  name  of  the  new  mayor  and 
councillors.  The  chief  of  police  declared 
that  he  was  legally  advised  not  to  do  this, 
but  that  he  would  obey  if  this  order  was 
given  him  in  writing.  No  one  consenting  to 
do  this,  twelve  men  belonging  to  the  rowdy 
element,  were  hired  for  the  purpose,  and  did 
the] work,  to  the  great  disgust  of  the  citizens, 
who  had  full  confidence  in  Mr.  Tourangeau, 
whom  they  elected  five  weeks  after  to  repre- 
sent them  in  the  House  of  Commons. 

Carswell,  James,  Kenfrew,  President 
of  the  South  Renfrew  Agricultural  Society, 
was  born  in  1837,  in  the  township  of  Paken- 
ham,  in  the  county  of  Lanark,  Ontario.  His 
parents  were  Scotch,  and  emigrated  from 
Glasgow,  settling  in  the  above  township 
many  years  ago.  Mr.  Carswell  received  his 
education  in  the  common  school  of  his  na- 
tive place,  and  while  still  in  his  teens  started 
out  in  the  lumbering  business,  first  as  fore- 
man and  clerk  to  Jonathan  Francis,  whose 
rafts  of  square  timber  he  frequently  accom- 
panied to  the  port  of  Quebec.  In  1866,  he 
removed  to  Renfrew,  and  embarked  in  busi- 
ness with  Messrs.  Thistle  and  Francis  in  the 
limits  on  the  Madawaska.  This  firm  hav- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


479 


ing  sold  out  their  business  in  this  locality 
to  Jonathan  Francis,  purchased  limits  on 
the  Pettawawa,  and  there  carried  on  opera- 
tions under  the  name  of  Thistle  &  Cars- 
well.  This  arrangement  was  continued  for 
several  years,  when  Mr.  Francis  became  one 
of  the  partnership,  each  of  the  partners 
being  equally  interested  in  the  now  com- 
bined business  on  the  Madawaska  and  the 
Pettawawa.  In  1884,  J.  H.  Francis  pur- 
chased his  father's  interest  in  the  business, 
and  then  the  firm  of  Francis,  Carswell  & 
Co.  built  the  fine  saw-mill  at  Calabogie. 
After  two  years,  J.  H.  Francis  sold  out  his 
interest  to  Edward  Mackay,  of  Renfrew, 
and  the  firm  name  was  changed  to  Carswell, 
Thistle  &  Mackay,  and  under  this  name 
operations  are  now  carried  on.  Although 
thus  busily  engaged  in  lumbering  opera- 
tions, Mr.  Carswell  has  found  time  to  de- 
vote considerable  attention,  as  a  pastime, 
to  the  cultivation  of  the  large  farm  which 
lies  around  and  below  his  handsome  resi- 
dence, which  stands  prominently  on  the  hill 
top,  overlooking  the  village.  The  farm,  by 
purchase  after  purchase,  has  grown  to  large 
dimensions,  and  extends  from  the  residence 
right  down  to  the  banks  of  the  Bonnechere. 
By  careful  and  judicious,  though  liberal,  ex- 
penditure, Mr.  Carswell  has  brought  this 
property  into  excellent  producing  condi- 
tion ;  and  by  employing  a  number  of  men 
and  availing  himself  of  all  the  improve- 
ments in  machinery,  is  able  to  enjoy  the  life 
of  a  "  gentleman  farmer,"  with  probably 
more  profit  than  usually  falls  to  the  fate  of 
that  class  of  agriculturists.  Mr.  Carswell's 
most  active  public  duties  have  probably 
been  in  connection  with  the  Agricultural 
Society,  to  the  advancement  of  the  interests 
of  which  he  has  devoted  both  his  time  and 
his  money.  And  when  we  state  that  he  is 
ever  ready  to  take  vigorous  hold  of  work  in 
connection  with  the  institutions  in  which  he 
holds  either  membership  or  office,  it  will  be 
readily  understood  why  for  the  last  eight 
years  he  has  been  unanimously  re  elected 
president.  But  he  has  also  an  open  heart 
for  the  general  good  in  other  ways.  He 
gave  to  the  Renfrew  Lacrosse  Club  at  a 
nominal  price  five  acres  of  valuable  proper- 
ty adjoining  the  centre  of  the  village,  on 
the  condition  that  it  was  to  be  always  and 
only  used  for  the  purposes  of  healthful  re- 
creation by  the  young  men  of  the  neigh- 
borhood. Mr.  Carswell  was  for  two  years  a 
member  of  the  Renfrew  village  council,  but 


declined  to  act  after  that  time,  though  hard 
pressed  to  do  so.  He  has  been  for  years  a 
valuable  member  of  the  business  committee 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  though  of- 
fered he  declined  the  proffered  position  of 
elder  in  the  same  denominational  body. 
And  in  the  matter  of  politics,  if  he  has  not 
taken  any  very  prominent  part,  it  is  cer- 
tainly not  the  fault  of  his  friends,  who  time 
after  time  have  pressed  him  to  accept  the 
nomination  for  both  houses  as  the  candi- 
date of  the  Conservative  party.  This  hon- 
or, however,  he  has  steadily  refused  to  ac- 
cept, though  his  personal  popularity  would 
undoubtedly  have  made  him  a  very  strong 
candidate.  Altogether,  Mr.  Carswell  comes 
under  the  head  of  a  "  good  citizen,"  whose 
character  and  heart  have  not  been  spoiled 
by  the  somewhat  dangerous  endowments  of 
riches  and  success  in  life.  He  was  married, 
in  1865,  to  Jane  White,  of  Fitzroy,  and  the 
union  has  been  blessed  with  nine  children, 
six  sons  and  three  daughters,  six  of  whom, 
three  boys  and  three  girls,  are  living. 

Norquay,  Hon.  John,  Ex-President 
of  the  Council,  Secretary  of  the  Railway 
Commissioners,  and  Ex-Premier  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Manitoba,  was  born  in  St.  An- 
drews, Manitoba,  on  the  8th  of  May,  1841. 
Mr.  Norquay  is  not  only  a  native  of  Man- 
itoba, but  he  has  a  strain  of  Indian  blood 
in  his  veins,  and  is  all  the  more  remarkable, 
therefore,  as  being  not  only  the  greatest 
man  the  province  ever  produced,  but  as 
standing  on  a  plane  in  point  of  ability  in 
public  affairs  high  above  that  occupied  by 
any  resident  of  the  province  up  to  this  time. 
Mr.  Norquay  first  came  to  the  front  after 
the  troublesome  times  of  1869-70  when  the 
first  Riel  rebellion  set  the  whole  country  on 
fire  with  anxiety  and  excitement.  His  pe- 
culiar position  as  one  in  whom  both  half- 
breeds  and  whites  could  have  confidence, 
together  with  a  forcible  way  of  stating  sound 
and  moderate  views  made  him  the  centre  of 
the  common  ground  upon  which  all  soon 
agreed  to  stand,  and  marked  him  out  as  a 
leader.  He  was  made  Minister  of  Public 
Works  in  the  first  ministry  after  the  settle- 
ment of  the  troubles  in  1871,  and  from  that 
time  until  the  present  he  has  had  an  almost 
uninterrupted  career  of  ministerial  successes. 
He  stood  for  the  Commons  in  Marquette, 
in  1872,  but  was  defeated.  This  contest, 
however,  did  not  affect  his  position  as  a  pro- 
vincial representative.  In  the  Assembly,  he 
sat  for  High  Bluff,  from  1870  to  1874,  but 


480 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


since  then  he  continuously  represented  St. 
Andrews,  being  three  times  elected  by  ac- 
clamation and  twice  by  large  majorities. 
He  resigned,  with  his  colleagues,  in  1874, 
but  became  Provincial  Secretary  in  the 
following  year,  in  the  Davis  administration, 
and  resumed  the  office  of  Public  Works  in 
1876.  Two  years  later  he  became  Premier, 
being  the  head  of  what  was  known  as  the 
Norquay-Royal  Administration  in  which  he 
teld  the  portfolio  of  treasurer.  Mr.  Royal, 
differing  with  his  leader  on  a  question  of 
public  policy,  resigned,  as  did  also  Mr.  De- 
lorme,  Minister  of  Agriculture.  Two  Eng- 
lish-speaking members  of  the  government 
were  appointed,  but  after  the  general  election 
of  1879,  in  which  he  was  sustained,  Mr.  Nor- 
quay  was  able  to  fill  the  place  with  two 
Trench-speaking  members.  This  adminis- 
tration has  held  power  since,  though  changes 
liave  been  made  in  its  membership  which 
leaves  Mr.  Norquay  the  only  member  who 
has  held  a  place  in  it  from  the  first.  Mr. 
Torquay  has  held  several  different  portfolioes 
at  different  times,  but  always  retained  the 
lead,  being  always  the  dominating  power  of 
the  province.  Under  his  rule  Manitoba 
has  grown  from  a  straggling  settlement 
along  the  Red  River  to  a  province  of  great 
size  and  marvellous  industrial  development. 
His  vigorous  and  far-sighted  policy  in  re- 
lation to  railways  has  caused  the  extension 
of  important  lines  to  all  parts  of  the  pro- 
vince including  the  first  forty  miles  of  .the 
Hudson's  Bay  road  which  Manitobans  fond- 
ly believe  some  day  will  give  them  access 
to  their  own  sea  coast  on  the  "Mediter- 
ranean of  America,"  the  vast  inland  ocean 
of  Hudson's  Bay.  Within  the  last  few  months 
the  province  has  been  in  a  ferment  over  the 
demand  of  a  portion  of  the  people  for  the 
building  of  a  line  from  Winnipeg  southward 
to  connect  at  the  American  boundary  with  a 
branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway. 
Mr.  Norquay,  true  to  his  record,  champion- 
ed this  course  and  sought,  by  every  means 
in  his  power,  to  secure  the  construction  of 
the  road.  The  Dominion  government,  with 
the  general  policy  of  which  Mr.  Norquay  is 
in  accord,  sought  in  every  way  to  block  this 
enterprise,  and  the  Canadian  Pacific  Rail- 
way Company,  whose  monopoly  was  threat- 
ened, also  opposed  it.  Notwithstanding  Mr. 
Norquay 's  utmost  efforts,  the  opposition  he 
met  from  all  sides  prevented  the  sale  on  fair 
terms  of  the  provincial  bonds,  with  the  pro- 
ceeds of  which  it  was  intended  to  construct 


the  road.  The  original  contractors  with- 
drew, but  another  firm  stood  ready  to  as- 
sume the  contract,  on  condition  that  a  mar- 
gin of  cash  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  re- 
sponsible parties.  The  citizens  of  Winni- 
peg were  appealed  to  for  the  necessary 
advance,  and  steps  were  taken  to  raise  the 
money,  but  owing  to  the  intrigues  of  a  fac- 
tion, who  adopted  this  means  to  promote 
their  own  political  ends,  the  negotiations 
were  rendered  abortive,  and  the  donstruc- 
tion  of  the  road  is  postponed,  at  least  until 
the  summer  of  1888.  Mr.  Norquay  and  Mr. 
Hamilton,  attorney- general,  were  the  only 
delegates  from  Manitoba  to  the  Inter-Pro- 
vincial conference,  to  whose  deliberations 
he  brought  the  results  of  his  long  experi- 
ence and  great  ability.  Owing  mainly  to 
complications  arising  out  of  the  failure  to 
build  the  railway  within  the  season,  it  was 
deemed  inadvisable  to  attempt  to  carry  on 
the  government  as  then  constituted;  Hon. 
Mr.  Norquay  and  Hon.  Mr.  Lariviere  there- 
fore resigned  their  places  in  the  adminis- 
tration, which  has  since  been  reorganized, 
with  Hon.  Mr.  Harrison  as  Premier.  Mr. 
Norquay  announces  himself  as  a  supporter 
of  the  ministry  thus  constituted.  The  ex- 
Premier  of  Manitoba  owes  his  long  continu- 
ance in  power  to  a  combination  of  talents, 
prominent  among  which  are  moderation, 
boldness  tempered  with  judgment,  eloquence 
and  the  capacity  for  ceaseless  work. 

Brock,  Rev.  I§aac,  M.A.  (Oxford), 
D.D.,  Canon,  of  St.  Luke's  Cathedral,  Hal- 
ifax ;  President  of  King's  College,  Nova 
Scotia,  was  born  near  Winchester,  Hants, 
England,  in  1829.  His  father  was  the 
Rev.  William  Brock,  M.A.,  rector  of  Bis- 
hops Waltham,  Hants,  and  a  native  of  the 
Isle  of  Guernsey ;  his  mother  belonged  to 
the  family  of  Gossett,  and  was  a  native 
of  the  adjoining  Island  of  Jersey.  The 
father  of  Major-General  Sir  Isaac  Brock 
(the  hero  of  Upper  Canada),  and  father  of 
our  subject's  grandfather  (Rev.  Thomas 
Brock,  M.A.,  rector  of  St.  Pierre  du  Bois, 
Guernsey )  were  brothers,  so  that  Sir  Isaac 
Brock  was  first  cousin  to  our  subject's 
grandfather.  Canon  Brock  was  educated  at 
Clifton  school,  York,  and  Queen's  college, 
Oxford.  "He  graduated,  in  1851  with  first 
class  honors  in  mathematics.  He  was  or- 
dained in  the  diocese  of  Tuam,  Ireland :  dea- 
con in  1852;  priest  in  1853;  was  missionary 
of  the  Irish  Church  Missions  in  Connemara 
and  Galway,  1852-1858.  He  was  secretary 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


481 


of  the  Islington  Protestant  Institute  (Lon- 
don), 1858-1861;  incumbent  of  the  Jews' 
Episcopal  Chapel,  Palestine  place,  Bethnal 
Green,  1861-1866;  rector  of  the  Chapel  of 
Ease,  Lower  Holloway,  London  N.,  1866- 
1868;  principal  of  Huron  College,  London, 
Ontario,  1868-1872 ;  rector  of  Gait,  Ontario, 
1872-1873;  assistant  rector  of  Sherbrooke, 
Quebec,  1873-1882;  rector  of  Bishop's  Col- 
lege School,  LennoxviUe,  1882-1883;  rec- 
tor of  Londonderry,  N.S.,  1883-1885.  In 
August,  1885,  our  subject  was  appointed 
by  the  Board  of  Governors  of  King's  Col- 
lege, acting  president  of  that  institution  and 
professor  of  divinity  in  the  same.  May  1st, 
1886,  he  was  installed  as  canon  of  St.  Luke's 
Cathedral,  Halifax,  N.S.,  by  the  late  Bishop 
of  Nova  Scotia,  the  Bight  Bev.  Hibbert 
Binney,  D.D.,  and  on  the  8th  of  June  of 
the  same  year  was  made  president  of  King's 
College,  which  position  he  now  holds.  Canon 
Brock  is  an  intensely  loyal  Churchman,  and 
ever  ready  to  defend  and  propagate  the 
principles  of  the  English  branch  of  the  Holy 
Catholic  church.  He  married,  in  Dublin  in 
1855,  Buby  Boberta,  eldest  daughter  of 
Thomas  Crawford  Butlea,  of  Carlow,  Ireland, 
and  has  issue  living  three  sons  and  three 
daughters.  Canon  Brock  is  known  in  the 
theologico-literary  world  by  a  volume  of  ser- 
mons, published  in  England,  on  the  Apostles' 
Creed,  and  which  attracted  considerable  at- 
tention. Since  his  arrival  in  Canada  he  has 
also  published  several  detached  sermons 
and  addresses  upon  the  following,  amongst 
other,  subjects,  viz. : — "  The  English  Befor- 
mation,"  "  The  Two  Becords  ;  or,  Geology 
and  Genesis,"  "  The  Modern  Doctrine  of 
Force  and  Belief  in  a  Personal  God,"  "  Apos- 
tolical Succession,"  "  The  Anglican  Doc- 
trine of  Holy  Baptism."  That  Canon  Brock 
possesses  peculiar  fitness  for  the  position 
he  now  so  worthily  fills  may  readily  be  im- 
agined, for,  to  profound  scholarship  he  adds 
a  ripe  experience,  gained  by  contact  with 
a  variety  of  classes  of  his  fellow  beings  in 
many  quarters  of  the  British  dominions. 
The  University  of  King's  College,  of  which 
he  is  president,  is  the  oldest  university  of 
British  origin  in  the  colonial  empire  of  our 
Queen,  being  founded  by  the  first  Bishop  of 
Nova  Scotia,  the  Bight  Bev.  Charles  Inglis, 
D.D.,  in  A.D.  1788,  the  year  after  the  lat- 
ter' s  consecration  to  the  episcopate.  Canon 
Brock  apparently  has  yet  many  years  of 
usefulness  before  him,  being  full  of  vigor 
and  gives  promise  of  reaching  a  ripe  old  age. 
DD 


Fournicr.  Hon.  7  elesphorc,  Otta- 
wa, Judge  of  the  Supre  .ie  Court  of  Canada, 
was  born  in  St.  Fra^ois,  Biviere  du  Sud, 
Montmagny  county,  P.Q.,  in  the  year  1823 
He  received  his  education  at  Nicolet  Co 
lege,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  of  Lower 
Canada  in  1846.  He  practised  his  profes-- 
tion  with  success,  having  remarkable  gifts, 
not  only  as  a  speaker,  but  in  the  mental 
grasp  necessary  to  understand  the  bearings 
of  the  law  upon  any  case  brought  to  his 
attention.  He  held  the  honorable  position 
of  Batonnier  of  the  Quebec  bar,  an  office 
which  has  been  an  object  of  ambition  with 
some  of  the  greatest  men  the  province  has 
produced,  and  afterwards  was  made  presi- 
dent of  the  general  council  of  the  bar  of 
the  province  of  Quebec.  In  1863  he  was 
made  Queen's  counsel.  Judge  Fournier, 
like  so  many  of  the  politicians  of  Quebec, 
had  the  training,  not  only  of  a  legal  prac- 
tice, but  also  of  editorial  experience.  From 
1856  to  1858  inclusive,  he  was  one  of  the 
editors  of  Le  National  newspaper,  of  Que- 
bec, his  writing  attracting  wide  attention, 
because  of  its  clear,  original  thought  and 
vigorous  method.  In  1857,  Mr.  Fournier 
was  married,  his  bride  being  Miss  Deniers, 
of  Quebec.  He  entered  the  arena  of  Do- 
minion politics  in  August,  1870,  when  he 
was  nominated  as  the  Liberal  candidate  for 
Bellechasse,  on  M.  Casault,  the  sitting  mem- 
ber, being  appointed  a  judge  of  the  Supe- 
rior Court  of  Quebec.  No  other  nomina- 
tions were  made,  and  Mr.  Fournier  was  re- 
turned by  acclamation.  He  continued  to 
represent  the  same  constituency  as  long  as 
he  remained  in  the  House  of  Commons.  Be- 
ginning his  parliamentary  Career  before 
dual  representation  was  abolished,  Mr. 
Fournier  held  a  seat  in  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly of  his  native  province  while  still  a 
member  of  the  Dominion  parliament.  In 
1871  he  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  for 
Montmagny,  and  held  that  position  until 
7th  November,  1873,  when  he  resigned. 
His  resignation  was  made  necessary  by  his 
being  called  to  the  Privy  Council  of  the 
Dominion  as  a  member  of  the  Hon.  Mr. 
Mackenzie's  cabinet.  He  took  first,  the 
portfolio  of  inland  revenue,  but  on  8th  July, 
1874,  was  given  a  place  of  greater  useful- 
ness, to  succeed  the  Hon.  (now  Sir)  A.  A. 
Dorion  on  the  appointment  of  that  gentle- 
man to  be  chief  justice  of  Quebec.  As 
minister  of  justice,  he  introduced  and  con- 
ducted through  Parliament  the  bill  estab- 


482 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


lishing  the  Supreme  Court.  This  was  no 
light  task,  for  the  measure  was  attacked,  not 
only  as  being  undesirable,  but  as  being  un- 
constitutional. In  his  defence  of  the  mea- 
sure, Mr.  Fournier  exhibited  remarkable 
breadth  of  knowledge  as  well  as  great  power 
as  a  debater.  The  Insolvent  Act  of  1875, 
one  of  the  ablest  efforts  ever  made  1  o  settle 
the  vexed  and  complicated  question  of  deal- 
ing with  insolvent  debtors,  was  also  con- 
ducted through  parliament  by  him.  In 
May,  1875,  he  became  postmaster  general, 
but  resigned  that  office  in  October  fol- 
lowing to  take  a  judgeship  in  the  Supreme 
Court.  Judge  Fournier  is  recognised  by 
his  colleagues  and  the  public  as  one  of  the 
ablest  men  on  the  bench.  His  wide  and 
accurate  knowledge  of  the  law  of  his  native 
province,  makes  him  a  particularly  valuable 
addition  to  the  Supreme  Court  bench.  He 
does  not  feel  the  trammels  of  legal  tradi- 
tions so  much  as  to  cause  him  to  regard 
these  rather  than  the  ends  of  justice  which 
they  are  intended  to  serve.  At  the  same  time, 
his  fine  legal  insight  enables  him  to  decide 
upon  broad  grounds  of  principles  or  long- 
established  practice  points  which  minds  less 
fully  trained  could  only  deal  with  by  slav- 
ish following  of  precedent. 

flic  Henry,  Donald  €.,  M.A.,  Princi- 
pal of  the  Cobourg  Collegiate  Institute,  Co- 
bourg,  Ont.,  was  born  in  Napanee,  Ont.,  hi 
1840.  He  is  son  of  Alexander  McHenry 
(from  county  Antrim,  Ireland),  and  Ellen 
Campbell,  daughter  of  Archibald  Campbell, 
Adolphustown,  county  of  Lennox,  a  de- 
scendant of  the  Campbells  of  Argyleshire. 
Mr.  McHenry,  senr.,  was  for  some  years  en- 
gaged in  the  limber  business  on  the  Otta- 
wa, but  subsequently  he  was  in  the  dry- 
goods  business  in  connection  with  his 
brother-in-law,  Alexander  Campbell,  Napa- 
nee. He  died  in  1847,  leaving  a  widow  and 
three  children,  the  eldest,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  ;  a  daughter,  now  Mrs.  Alexander 
Henry,  Napanee,  and  Miss  Nellie,  still  liv- 
ing with  her  mother  in  their  native  town. 
The  father,  about  the  time  of  his  mar- 
riage, united  with  the  Wesleyan  Methodist 
church,  of  which  he  remained  a  faithful 
member  until  his  death.  Upon  Mrs.  Mc- 
Henry devolved  the  arduous  task  of  bring- 
ing up  her  three  children;  and  any  success 
they  have  attained,  they  are  proud  to  say, 
they  largely  owe  to  their  devoted  Christian 
mother.  D.  C.  McHenry  received  his  early 
education  in  Napanee.  When  thirteen  years 


of  age  he  went  to  learn  the  printing  busi- 
ness, soon  became  fairly  acquainted  with  its 
details,  and  rose  to  the  position  of  foreman 
in  the  office  of  the  Standard.  The  printing 
office  proved,  indeed,  a  second  school  to  him, 
and  his  spare  hours  were  given  to  reading 
and  study.  He  longed  for  a  higher  educa- 
tion, and  when  about  nineteen  years  of  age, 
he  closed  the  door  of  the  printing  office  to 
open  that  of  the  academy,  as  an  eager  stu- 
dent, under  B.  Phillips,  head  master,  a  man 
beloved  by  all  who  have  ever  been  under 
his  instruction.  After  remaining  here  a  year 
or  two,  he  was  induced  to  undertake  the 
management  of  a  new  paper  started  in  Napa- 
nee by  the  McMullen  Bros.,  of  Picton.  At 
the  end  of  one  year  the  paper  was  removed 
to  Newburgh,  seven  miles  distant,  but  after 
eight  months  Mr.  McHenry  returned  to 
Napanee.  A  vacancy  having  occurred  in  the 
second  position  in  the  Grammar  school,  he 
was  advised  to  apply  for  the  appointment. 
He  did  so,  and  was  soon  an  occupant  of  a 
teacher's  chair,  in  the  school  where  he  had 
lately  been  a  pupil.  The  work  of  teaching 
proved  congenial,  and  he  was  soon  fixed  in 
this  as  his  probable  life-work.  His  ambi- 
tion led  him  to  desire  a  university  course, 
and  with  this  in  view  he  devoted  himself 
assiduously  to  the  study  of  classics,  being 
aided  in  Latin,  but  getting  up  his  Greek 
with  very  limited  assistance.  After  six  years 
of  very  successful  work  in  this  position,  he 
resigned,  in  1869,  and  left  for  Victoria  Col- 
lege, from  which  he  graduated  in  1873. 
His  course  was  one  of  close  application  and 
uniform  success — first-class  honours  in  clas- 
sics and  moderns — receiving  the  second 
Prince  of  Wales'  medal  for  general  profi- 
ciency, and  the  scholarship  for  excellence 
in  moderns.  Five  months  prior  to  gradu- 
ation he  was  offered,  and  accepted  the  classi- 
cal mastership  of  Cobourg  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute— a  substitute  being  accepted  in  the 
meantime.  After  one  year  he  was  promoted 
to  the  principalship,  which  position  he  has 
filled  for  the  past  thirteen  years .  It  was 
at  this  time  (1874),  that  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Alice,  daughter  of  John  Grange, 
of  Napanee.  His  school  was,  for  many 
years,  about  the  only  one  that  prepared  stu- 
dents for  Victoria,  and  notwithstanding  the 
multitiplication  of  institutes  (from  four  to 
eighteen),  it  has  held  its  own,  and  sent  up 
for  arts  alone  about  two  hundred  and  fifty 
during  Mr.  McHenry 's  thirteen  years,  be- 
sides a  large  number  for  teachers'  exami- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


483 


nations,  for  law,  medicine,  theology,  etc. 
In  regard  to  Mr.  McHenry's  personal  and 
professional  qualities,  we  quote  from  testi- 
monials of  well-known  educationists: — 

(1.)  REV.  CHANCELLOR  NELLKS. — "  He  is  an  ac- 
curate scholar,  a  good  disciplinarian,  and  a  most 
successful  teacher,  and,  indeed,  has  few  if  any 
equals  in  the  general  management  of  High  school 
work. " 

(2.)  REV.  DR.  BURWASH.—  "  It  is  not  too  much 
to  say  that  in  the  teaching  profession  he  has  few 
equals  in  this  province.  Both  as  an  editor  of 
classical  literature  and  as  a  writer  on  the  science 
of  teaching,  he  has  proved  himself  a  master  in  his 
work  ;  while  in  the  instruction  of  a  class  and  in 
the  organization  and  government  of  a  large  school 
he  stands  in  the  foremost  rank  of  teachers.  As  a 
Christian  gentleman,  his  life  and  personal  charac- 
ter are  a  model  for  young  men  ;  while  his  quiet, 
dignified  independence  and  energy  commend  uni- 
yersal  respect." 

(3.)  DB.  HAANEL. — "  His  advice  and  counsel  as 
a  member  of  our  senate  has  always  been  highly 
appreciated  as  sound,  and  calculated  to  advance 
real  scholarship.  Energetic  and  zealous  in  every 
good  cause,  Mr.  McHenry  has  long  been  an  im- 
portant factor  in  educational  and  social  circles 
here." 

(4.)  DR.  BURNS,  HAMILTON.—"  One  of  the  most 
successful  educators  of  our  country.  His  scholar- 
ship is  broad  and  reliable.  Although  a  compara- 
tively young  man,  he  has  secured  a  status  among 
educators  that  he  may  well  be  proud  of.  His  re- 
cord is  an  exceedingly  honourable  one,  both  for 
talent,  success,  and  personal  character.  Socially, 
he  would  be  an  acquisition  to  any  circle." 

Mr.  McHenry's  is  one  of  those  cases  where 
a  boy  or  young  man  has  had  the  advan- 
tages arising  from  being  early  thrown  upon 
his  own  resources.  What  he  has  accom- 
plished or  attained  is  evidently  the  result 
of  personal  energy  and  self-reliance. 

Al lard,  Joseph  Victor,  Berthierville, 
Quebec,  was  born  at  St.  Guthbert,  county  of 
Berthier,  1st  February,  1860.  His  father, 
Prosper  Allard,  was  a  most  successful  agri- 
culturist, who  cultivated  his  farm  until  1884, 
when  he  sold  his  rural  belongings  and  re- 
moved to  Berthierville.  His  wife  (the  hon- 
ored and  beloved  mother  of  the  subject  of 
our  sketch),  Genevievre  Aurez  Laferriere, 
died  in  1881,  when  he  married  a  second 
time — 12th  September,  1887,— the  lady  of 
his  choice  this  time  being  a  most  estimable 
lady,  the  widow  of  Captain  Romuald  Fau- 
teux,  who  himself  had  been  a  merchant  at 
Berthier.  Young  Allard  was  educated  at 
L'Assomption  College,  receiving  an  excel- 
lent classical  training.  From  there  he  en- 
tered Laval  University,  Quebec,  and  in  the 
years  1878-9  passed  his  examination  suc- 
cessfully and  took  the  degree  of  bachelor  of 
arts.  In  1881  he  entered  on  the  study  of 


law  at  Sherbrooke  and  was  called  to  the 
Quebec  bar  in  1884.  Mr.  Allard  is  one  of 
the  rising  young  men  and  a  lawyer  of  re- 
pute in  the  town  of  Berthierville.  In  re- 
ligion he  is  a  devout  Boman  Catholic  ;  in 
politics  he  is  a  consistent  Liberal-Conserva- 
tive, and  there  is  but  little  doubt  that  in  the 
future  he  will  be  found  advocating  the 
cause  of  his  party  in  the  local  legislature 
or  on  the  floor  of  the  Dominion  parliament. 
He  is  the  legal  representative  of  the  Legal 
and  Commercial  Exchange  of  Canada  for 
the  county  of  Berthier.  On  21st  January, 
1885,  Mr.  Allard  was  married  to  Blanche 
Doval,  daughter  of  Alexandre  Damase  Doval 
and  Amilid  Lengendre.  Mr.  Doval  hi  his 
life-time  was  a  well-known  advocate,  as  well 
as  inspector  of  schools  for  the  counties  of 
L'Assomption,  Berthier  and  Joliette.  Mrs. 
Allard  is  niece  of  our  celebrated  French-Can- 
adian writer,  Napoleon  Lengendre,  F.B.S.C. 
Dc§aulles,  George  Ca§§imfr,  St. 
Hyacinthe,  Quebec,  President  of  the  Bank 
of  St.  Hyacinthe  and  of  the  St.  Hyacinthe 
Manufacturing  Company,  and  an  enterpris- 
ing citizen,  was  born  in  St.  Hyacinthe,  on 
the  29th  of  September,  1827.  His  father 
was  Jean  Dessaulles,  seigneur  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe, one  of  the  founders  of  the  place,  a 
member  of  the  Lower  Canada  parliament 
for  years,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  in 
1835,  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council 
of  the  province  of  Quebec.  The  father  of 
Jean  Dessaulles  was  from  Switzerland,  com- 
ing to  Lower  Canada  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  last  century.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  Bosalie  Papineau,  sister  of  the  Hon. 
Louis  J.  Papineau.  She  died  in  1867.  Mr. 
Dessaulles  was  educated  at  the  College  of 
St.  Hyacinthe,  taking  a  complete  classical 
course,  and  studied  law,  but  never  engaged 
in  its  practice.  His  time  has  been  largely 
employed  in  looking  after  his  seignorial  es- 
tate and  other  property,  and  attending  to  the 
various  municipal  and  other  offices  which  he 
has  held,  or  still  holds.  He  was  councilman 
for  twelve  years,  mayor  of  the  city  for  ten 
years,  making  twenty-two  consecutive  years' 
service  in  the  municipality,  and  then  declin- 
ed the  chief  magistracy  against  the  wishes 
of  the  people ;  was  a  school  commissioner  at 
one  period;  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  the 
second  president  of  the  bank  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe, taking  that  position  in  1878.  The 
manufacturing  company,  of  which  he  is 
president,  is  a  large  institution,  and  doing  a 
variety  of  business — carding  wool,  manu- 


484 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


facturing  flannels  and  cloths,  flour  for  cus- 
tom market,  etc.  It  is  such  enterprises 
as  this  that  have  helped  to  build  up  the 
city  of  St.  Hyacinthe;  and  in  efforts  made 
in  that  direction  no  man  has  done  more 
than  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  whose 
energies  and  business  tact  and  talent  are 
thoroughly  devoted  to  the  interests  of  his 
native  city.  He  is  connected  with  the  Catho- 
lic church,  and  was  at  one  time  president  of 
the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society.  His  moral 
character  is  unblemished.  Mr.  Dessaulles 
was  first  married,  in  1857,  to  Emma  Monde- 
let,  third  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Dominic 
Mondelet,  of  Three  Kivers,  she  dying  in 
1864,  leaving  one  son  and  two  daughters; 
and  the  second  time,  in  1869,  to  Frances 
Louise  Leman,  daughter  of  Dr.  Dennis  S. 
Leman,  an  English  physician,  and  by  her 
has  two  daughters  and  two  sons. 

La  Roque,  Gedcoii,  M.D,  Quebec. 
Sergeant-at-Arms  of  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  is  not  only  a 
•conspicuous  contemporary  figure  in  that 
province,  but  a  gentleman  who  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  its  politics,  and  contributed  in 
no  slight  degree  to  the  development  of  its 
resources  and  material  prosperity.  He  was 
born  at  Chambly,  in  the  province  of  Quebec, 
on  the  22nd  December,  1831.  He  springs 
from  a  stock  as  remarkable  for  its  fruitful- 
ness  and  attachment  to  the  soil,  as  for  the 
eminent  positions  to  which  some  of  its  mem- 
bers have  attained.  Originally  from  France, 
in  the  early  days  of  the  colony,  and  mostly 
farmers,  his  ancestors  were  among  the  pio- 
neers of  settlement  and  civilization  in  Cham- 
bly county,  P.Q.,  locating  along  the  banks 
of  the  little  river  "  Montreal,"  about  a  mile 
from  Chambly  basin,  tilling  the  soil,  raising 
large  families,  and  laying  the  foundations  of 
what  is  to-day  one  of  the  most  populous  and 
thriving  agricultural  communities  in  Lower 
Canada.  The  family  of  Dr.  La  Koque's  pa- 
ternal grandfather,  composed  of  eleven  bro- 
thers and  three  sisters,  nearly  all  occupied 
adjoining  farms  in  the  parish  of  Chambly. 
His  uncle,  the  late  Monseigneur  Joseph 
La  Roque,  formerly  Eoman  Catholic  coad- 
jutor bishop  of  Montreal,  and  afterwards 
bishop  of  the  diocese  of  St.  Hyancinthe, 
who  died  in  November,  1887,  was  the  last 
survivor  of  a  family  also  composed  of  four- 
teen members.  Another  deceased  bishop  of 
St.  Hyacinthe,  Monseigneur  Charles  La  Ro- 
que,  previously  for  many  years  parish  priest 
of  St.  John's,  P.Q.,  was  also  a  near  relative 


of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Both  these 
prelates  were  in  their  day  men  of  high  stand- 
ing, great  learning  and  marked  ability,  and 
their  names  are  still  venerated  as  among  the 
the  most  illustrious  in  the  Lower  Canadian 
hierarchy.  Dr.  La  Roque  began  his  classi- 
cal education  at  Chambly  College,  so  ably 
presided  over  at  the  time  by  its  zealous 
founder,  Rev.  P.  Mignault,  parish  priest  of 
Chambly.  Subsequently  young  La  Roque 
was  entered  at  the  St.  Hyacinthe  College, 
where  he  continued  and  completed  his  stu- 
dies under  the  immediate  eye  of  his  uncle, 
Rev.  Joseph  La  Roque,  the  superior  of  the 
institution,  and  afterwards  bishop  of  St. 
Hyacinthe.  On  leaving  college  he  decided 
to  study  medicine,  and  was  accordingly  in- 
dentured for  the  purpose  to  another  of  his 
uncles,  Dr.  Luc  Eusebe  La  Roque,  of  St. 
Jerome,  Terrebonne,  P.Q.,  now  the  parish 
of  Father  Labelle,  the  great  apostle  of  col- 
onization in  the  province  of  Quebec.  It  was 
while  pursuing  his  medical  studies  that 
young  La  Roque  first  became  interested  in 
the  cause  of  colonization,  to  the  advancement 
of  which  he  has  so  patriotically  devoted  so 
much  of  his  subsequent  career.  His  uncle, 
Dr.  L.  E.  La  Roque,  who  had  then  but 
lately  returned  from  the  gold  fields  of  Cali- 
fornia, and  who  was  one  of  the  few  surviv- 
ors who  had  crossed  (both  ways)  the  deadly 
swamps  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  had  be- 
come largely  interested  in  the  settlement  of 
the  wild  lands  in  the  upper  part  of  the  River 
du  Nord,  in  the  county  of  Terrebonne,  and 
in  the  fall  of  1851  young  Gedeon  La  Roque 
was  despatched  by  him,  in  charge  of  a  squad 
of  men,  to  open  up  a  settlement  at  Lac  a  la 
Truite,  some  forty  miles  from  St.  Jerome. 
The  youthful  pioneer  and  his  companions 
only  succeeded  in  reaching  their  destina- 
tion, after  enduring  the  greatest  hardships 
and  suffering.  It  took  them  two  days  to 
accomplish  the  last  twelve  miles  of  their 
fearful  journey  through  the  wilderness,  but 
the  result  must  be  regarded  as  a  fitting  re- 
ward of  the  heroism  displayed  on  the  occa- 
sion. To-day  the  beautiful  and  populous 
parish  of  St.  Agathe  des  Monts,  in  the 
county  of  Terrebonne,  surrounds  the  spot 
where  young  La  Roque  and  his  men  felled 
the  first  trees,  and  erected  the  first  log  hut 
on  the  western  shore  of  Lac  a  la  Truite.  To 
the  late  Hon.  A.  N.  Morin,  then  provincial 
secretary  for  Lower  Canada,  under  the  newly 
formed  cabinet  of  Hincks-Morin,  and  Dr. 
Luc  Eusebe  La  Roque,  undoubtedly  belong- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


485 


ed  the  honor  of  being  the  instigators  of  the 
first  great  movement  of  colonization  in  that 
section  of  the  couutry,  but  the  credit  of  ac- 
tually opening  up  the  first  settlement  in  the 
township  of  Abercrombie  (Terrebonne)  must 
be  awarded  to  Gedeon  La  Boque,  who,  after 
this  incident,  resumed  and  completed  his 
medical  studies  at  the  School  of  Medicine 
and  Surgery  at  Montreal,  finally  passing  as 
a  licentiate  in  medicine  on  the  9th  October, 
1855,  before  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  Lower  Canada,  of  which  the 
late  Dr.  Fremont  was  then  president,  Drs. 
Landry  and  Pelletier,  secretaries,  and  Dr. 
Jones,  actorum  custos.  After  his  admission, 
Dr.  Gedeon  La  Koque  settled  down  to  prac- 
tise his  profession  at  Longueuil,  opposite 
Montreal,  where  he  met  with  early  and 
gratifying  success.  By  1863  he  had  so 
grown  in  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his 
fellow  citizens,  that  in  that  year  he  was 
elected  mayor  of  Longueuil,  after  a  hard  con- 
test with  Mr.  F.  X.Valade,  N.P.,  and  was  sub- 
sequently re-elected  three  times  to  the  same 
office  without  opposition.  He  also  filled  the 
responsible  position  of  warden  of  the  county 
Chambly  during  four  years.  At  the  time 
of  confederation,  in  1867,  Dr.  La  Boque  was 
pressed  by  his  many  friends  to  accept  the 
candidature  of  the  county  for  the  Quebec 
Legislative  Assembly,  in  the  interests  of 
the  Conservative  party,  but,  though  he  de- 
clined the  honor  for  himself,  he  worked  and 
secured  the  election,  for  the  party,  of  Mr. 
J.  B.  Jodoin,  against  Mr.  F.  David,  who 
was  not  only  supported  by  the  Liberal 
party,  but  by  his  brother-in-law,  Mr.  L. 
Betournay,  a  man  of  great  influence  in  the 
county,  and  a  member  of  the  same  legal 
firm  as  the  late  Sir  George  E.  Cartier  (Car- 
tier,  Pominville  &  Betournay).  At  the  gen- 
eral elections  of  1871,  Dr.  La  Koque,  being 
again  solicited  by  his  friends  to  stand  for 
the  county  for  the  Local  House,  decided  to 
come  forward,  and  was  put  in  nomination 
against  Mr.  P.  B.  Benoit,  M.P.  This  was 
before  the  abolition  of  dual  representation. 
Dr.  La  Boque  was  supported  both  by  Con- 
servatives and  Liberals,  and  elected  by  a 
large  majority,  his  opponent  resigning  after 
the  close  of  the  first  day's  polling.  His  par- 
liamentary career  was  marked  by  much  in- 
dependence of  thought  and  action,  espe- 
cially during  the  Chauveau  and  Ouimet 
Administrations,  when  he  spoke  and  voted 
against  the  Government  on  the  questions  of 
the  lease  of  Beauport  asylum,  dual  repre- 


sentation, and  some  matters  concerning 
teachers  and  education.  After  the  so-called 
Tanneries'  scandal,  and  the  resignation  of 
the  Ouimet  ministry,  the  member  for  Cham- 
bly, believing  that  a  vigorous  railway  policy 
was  essential  to  the  opening  up  and  deve- 
lopment of  the  province,  gave  an  unhesi- 
tating support  to  the  railway  programme  of 
their  successors  the  De  Boucherville  cab- 
inet, and  was  invited  by  the  premier,  Mr. 
De  Boucherville,  to  move  the  address  in  re- 
ply to  the  speech  from  the  throne,  on  which 
occasion  he  was  very  ably  sustained  by  the 
member  for  Huntingdon,  Dr.  Cameron,  as 
seconder  of  the  resolution.  As  a  friend  of 
colonization,  Dr.  Larocque  was  an  ardent 
advocate  of  railway  building,  and  as  such 
the  proposals  of  the  De  Boucherville  gov- 
ernment in  the  house  regarding  the  con- 
struction of  the  Northern  Colonization  (so- 
called  at  the  time)  and  the  North  Shore 
Bailroads,  not  only  met  with  his  warm  ap- 
proval and  active  support,  but  during  1874 
and  1875  he  even  gave  his  services  as  agent 
to  the  contractors  of  the  Northern  Coloniza- 
tion road,  Messrs.  McDonald  &  Abbott,  in 
order  to  purchase  the  right  of  way  from 
Biver  des  Prairies  to  Aylmer.  On  the  15th 
June,  1875,  a  vacancy  having  occurred  in 
the  position  of  Sergeant-at-Arms  of  the 
Legislative  Assembly,  he  was  appointed  to 
fill  it,  and  this  important  and  responsible 
appointment  he  still  continues  to  hold  with 
general  acceptance,  enjoying  not  only  the 
confidence  and  regard  of  succeeding  minis- 
ters and  parliaments,  but  the  respect  of  the 
public  as  well,  for  his  tact  and  firmness  in 
the  discharge  of  the  regular  duties  of  his 
office,  as  for  the  energy,  ability  and  taste 
with  which  he  has  at  different  times  super- 
vised and  carried  out  works  that  had  to  be 
executed  at  short  notice,  including  the  fit- 
ting up  and  decorating  of  both  Houses  of 
the  Legislature  on  such  occasions  of  mark 
as  the  receptions  of  the  Marquis  of  Lome 
and  H.  B.  H.  the  Princess  Louise,  in  1878r 
of  the  lieutenant-governors  of  the  province, 
of  the  speakers  of  the  Legislative  Assembly, 
and  last,  but  not  least,  of  Madame  Mercier, 
wife  of  the  premier  of  the  province,  on  the 
occasion  of  the  Interprovincial  Conference, 
in  October,  1887,  and  in  honor  of  the  dele- 

gites  to  that  important  congress,  of  which 
r.  La  Boque  was  also  named  accountant. 
Another  distinctive  feature  of  his  life-work, 
and  one  which  does  infinite  honor  to  his  in- 
telligence and  patriotism,  is  the  ardor  which 


486 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


he  has  ever  shown  in  endeavouring  to  ame- 
liorate the  system  of  agriculture  pursued  in 
his  native  province.  In  and  out  of  the 
legislature,  no  man  has  done  more  to  ad- 
vance that  important  cause  in  Lower  Can- 
ada, both  by  preaching  and  personal  exam- 
ple. His  published  treatises  on  agriculture 
and  horticulture  have  become  handbooks 
among  his  fellow  countrymen,  and  his  valu- 
able little  work  on  "  The  Culture  of  Tobac- 
co," has  contributed  largely  to  the  promo- 
tion and  improvement  of  that  industry  in 
the  province  of  Quebec.  He  also  owns  a 
large  farm  at  Beaumont,  below  the  city  of 
Quebec,  which  is  actually  under  the  man- 
agement of  his  son,  and  is  deservedly  re- 
garded as  a  model  establishment  of  its  kind. 
Dr.  La  Roque  was  married  three  times — 
firstly,  on  the  30th  June,  1856,  to  Mis,s 
Marie  Felicite  Thibault,  a  sister  of  the  late 
Bev.  Messrs.  George  and  Amable  Thibault, 
parish  priests  respectively  of  Longueuil 
and  Chambly,  in  the  diocese  of  Montreal ; 
secondly,  in  May,  1870,  to  Miss  Rosalie 
Brauneis,  of  Montreal ;  and  lastly,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1874,  to  Miss  Marie  Asilda  Davignon, 
daughter  of  Simon  Davignon,  N.  P.,  of 
Beloeil,  P.  Q.  By  these  three  marriages  he 
has  had  eighteen  children,  of  whom  ten  are 
still  living. 

Robillard,  Alexander,  M.P.P.,  Rus- 
sel,  was  born  in  the  township  of  Gloucester, 
county  of  Eussel,  in  1843.  He  comes  of 
the  best  French- Canadian  stock,  his  father 
having  been  a  man  of  extensive  business  as 
a  contractor  in  Ottawa,  His  father  died  at 
the  ripe  old  age  of  87  years,  his  mother  be- 
ing still  alive  and  in  the  enjoyment  of  good 
health  at  an  equally  advanced  age.  Young 
Robillard  had  the  benefit  of  a  sound  com- 
mercial education  at  St.  Joseph's  College, 
Ottawa,  and  this  education  he  has  used  to 
such  advantage  that  he  is  now  one  of  the 
heaviest  operators  in  contracting  work  and 
quarrying.  He  was  the  contractor  for  the 
construction  of  the  Model  School,  one  of 
the  most  substantial  buildings  in  the  city, 
which  was  put  up  by  the  Ontario  Govern- 
ment. His  career  in  business  has  been  one 
of  steady  advance,  his  record  having  been 
throughout  such  as  none  could  find  fault 
with.  Being  of  adventurous  disposition, 
Mr.  Robillard  has  travelled  extensively  and 
in  places  which,  when  he  saw  them,  were 
new  and  strange.  He  made  extensive  tours 
in  the  West,  especially  on  the  Pacific  coast 
from  Panama  to  British  Columbia.  He  has 


crossed  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  twice  and 
has  been  through  a  great  portion  of  South 
America.  He  has  also  visited  Europe  sev- 
eral times,  making  it  a  point  to  see  all  the 
oui-of-the-way  places  his  time  would  per- 
mit him  to  visit,  and  has  crossed  the  Pacific 
to  the  Orient  twice.  These  travels  have 
been  undertaken  at  various  times  and  the 
effect  of  them  is  plainly  to  be  seen  in  his 
toleration  of  opinions  differing  from  his 
own  and  his  great  knowledge  of  foreign 
lands.  Mr.  Robillard  was  married  at  the 
age  of  twenty -two,  to  Miss  Sophia  Lafleur, 
who  died  in  May,  1885.  The  children  of 
the  union  are  seven  in  number,  of  whom  six 
are  boys.  Political  affairs  have  always  had 
great  attraction  for  Mr.Robillard,  and  he  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  all  the  municipal 
and  political  contests  of  his  district  since  he 
was  entitled  to  vote.  His  record  as  a  muni- 
cipal councillor  is  a  long  and  honorable 
one,  he  having  been  elected  Deputy  Reeve 
of  Gloucester  for  five  years  and  afterwards 
Reeve  for  three  years.  In  1886  he  was 
elected  to  represent  his  native  county  in  the 
Legislative  Assembly  of  Ontario.  In  that 
capacity  he  has  served  only  one  session,  but 
he  enters  upon  his  career  with  the  confi- 
dent belief  on  the  part  of  his  constituents 
that  he  will  certainly  make  his  mark.  He 
is  a  Liberal  in  politics. 

Rexford,  Rev.  FJsoii  Irving,  B.  A., 
Secretary  of  the  Department  of  Public  In- 
struction, Quebec,  was  born  at  South  Bol- 
ton,  Brome  County,  P.  Q.,  on  the  17th  June, 
1850.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of  Orrin  Rexford, 
(who  married  Eliza  Dimond),  and  a  grand- 
son of  one  of  seven  brothers  who  came  from 
the  shores  of  Lake  Champlain  about  1790, 
and  settled  in  the  County  of  Stanstead,  on 
the  shores  of  Lake  Memphremagog.  The 
Rexford  family  on  this  continent  are  de- 
scendants of  Arthur  Rexford,  who  was  mas- 
ter of  a  trading  vessel  between  England  and 
the  West  Indies  and  the  New  England 
colonies,  and  who  died  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  in  1727.  The  Rev.  Elson  I.  Rexford 
attended  the  elementary  and  superior 
schools  of  his  native  county  until  he  was 
sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he  entered  the 
McGill  Normal  School,  Montreal,  where  he 
obtained  a  Model  School  diploma  at  the  end 
of  a  two  years'  course  of  training,  taking 
first  place  and  the  Prince  of  Wales'  medal. 
He  held  the  positions  of  assistant  master 
in  the  model  training  school  of  the  Mc- 
Gill Normal  School  and  head  master  of  one 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


487 


of  the  city  schools  under  the  Protestant 
Board  of  School  Commissioners,  Montreal, 
for  three  years.  During  this  time  he  took 
an  active  part  in  the  local  association  of 
Teachers,  of  which  he  held  the  position  of 
Secretary  for  some  time.  He  entered  upon 
the  Arts  course  of  McGill  University,  Mon- 
treal, in  September,  1871.  He  graduated 
with  honors  in  mental  and  moral  philosophy 
in  1876,  having  dropped  out  for  one  year 
when  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  theol- 
ogy ;  this  study  he  continued  during  the 
last  two  years  of  his  arts  course.  He  was 
ordained  by  the  Eight  Keverend  Ashton 
Oxendon  in  1876,  and  immediately  entered 
upon  the  charge  of  St.  Luke's  Church, 
Montreal.  This  charge  he  was  obliged  to 
resign  after  a  few  months,  in  consequence 
of  ill -health,  by  which  he  was  deprived  of 
the  use  of  one  leg  for  about  two  years.  On 
account  of  this  he  returned  to  the  work  of 
teaching,  first  as  head-master  of  his  former 
school  in  Montreal,  and  afterwards  as  assis- 
tant head  master  of  the  Montreal  High 
School.  During  this  time  he  was  President 
of  the  Local  Association  of  Montreal 
Teachers,  and  Secretary  of  the  Provincial 
Association  of  Protestant  Teachers,  Quebec. 
In  1882,  he  was  called  from  the  High 
School  to  fill  the  position  of  English  Secre- 
tary of  the  Department  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion, Quebec,  rendered  vacant  by  the  retire- 
ment of  Dr.  Miles,  which  position  he  still 
holds.  He  was  elected  several  times  Repre- 
sentative Fellow  on  the  Corporation  of  Mc- 
Gill University,  and  on  his  removal  to 
Quebec,  he  was  appointed  Governor's  Fel- 
low of  the  University.  In  September,  1882, 
he  married  Louisa  Norris,  of  Montreal. 

Derbi§hire,  Stewart.— If  variety  in 
the  career  of  a  man  tend  to  render  his  life 
— other  things  being  equal — more  interest- 
ing than  those  of  his  fellows,  who  maintain 
an  even  tenor  on  their  way,  following  the 
profession  through  life  in  which  they  have 
been  brought  up  and  educated,  then  will 
our  readers  find  this  element  of  interest  not 
wanting  in  the  life  of  the  subject  of  the  fol- 
lowing sketch.  Beginning  life  as  a  soldier, 
the  late  Mr.  Derbishire  soon  turned  to  the 
study  of  the  law,  and  though  he  found 
himself  on  the  high  road  to  distinction  in 
this  profession,  he  relinquished  it  for  the 
more  exciting  pursuit  of  journalism,  which 
led  him  to  Spain  during  the  Constitutional 
war,  where  he  drew  his  sword  on  behalf 
of  Queen  Isabella.  When  however,  the 


decisive  action,  which  ended  in  the  defeat 
of  Gomez,  placed  the  crown  upon  her  head, 
he  embarked  in  the  very  opposite  mission 
of  endeavouring  to  bring  peace  to  a  dis- 
tracted country,  in  the  train  of  Lord  Dur- 
ham. Unlike  his  master,  however,  he  did 
not  leave  this  country  on  the  apparent 
failure  of  that  nobleman's  truly  humane 
and  generous  efforts  on  behalf  of  the  peo- 
ple ;  but  being  drawn  into  the  political 
life  of  the  country,  after  executing  some 
very  delicate  missions  of  a  diplomatic  char- 
acter, he  was  elected  the  first  member  for 
Bytown,  now  Ottawa;  which  constituency 
he  continued  to  serve  in  parliament  for  sev- 
eral years,  until,  after  the  passing  of  the 
Independence  of  Parliament  Act,  he  gave 
up  his  seat,  having  become  Queen's  Printer 
for  united  Canada  in  1841.  So  slight  are 
the  causes  to  which  we  are  sometimes  led 
to  attribute  the  direction  given  to  our  cur- 
rent of  life,  that  Mr.  Derbishire  was  often 
heard  to  say,  that  it  was  owing  to  his  be- 
lief that  the  rebellion  was  by  no  means  final- 
ly quelled,  but  that  there  would  be  another 
spurt  before  long,  and  wishing — to  use  his 
own  words — "  to  see  the  fun,"  that  Canada 
finally  became  his  home — a  home  to  which 
he  accorded  a  loyal  affection  and  admira- 
tion, and  whose  fluctuating  course,  after  he 
had  retired  from  the  political  arena,  he 
watched  with  anxiety  and  interest  to  the  end 
of  his  life.  Stewart  Derbishire,  born  in 
London,  in  the  year  1800,  was  the  third  son 
of  Philip  Derbishire,  M.D.,  and  Ann  Mas- 
terton,  daughter  of  Allan  Masterton,  of 
Edinburgh,  an  intimate  friend  and  com- 
panion of  Burns,  whose  verses  he  was  fond 
of  setting  to  music.  Miss  Masterton,  who 
was  gifted  with  great  personal  charms,  and 
of  more  than  average  mental  ability,  was 
the  subject  of  those  lines  by  Burns,  entitled 
"  Beware  o'  Bonnie  Ann."  At  the  age  of 
sixteen,  Mr.  Derbishire  commenced  life  as 
an  ensign  in  the  Eighty-second  regiment, 
but  very  soon  afterwards,  the  peace  having 
caused  the  reduction  of  the  army  to  one 
half  its  strength,  he  became  a  student  of  law 
of  the  Honorable  Society  of  Gray's  Inn, 
about  the  year  1824.  He  was  engaged  in 
several  cases  of  much  public  interest,  in  the 
conduct  of  which  he  distinguished  himself, 
and  amongst  which  was  that  of  the  Dorset- 
shire labourers,  prosecuted  for  machine- 
breaking  in  1832.  The  case  created  great  in- 
terest throughout  En  gland,  and  was  reported 
at  unusual  length  in  the  Times  of  that  period. 


488 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


From  an  early  age  Mr.  Derbishire  was  of 
very  strongly  pronounced  Liberal  views  in 
politics,  and  being  drawn  into  the  vortex  of 
political  journalism,  aided  very  effectually 
the  movement  which  ended  in  the  passing 
of  the  Reform  Bill.  Having  gained  the 
warm  regard  of  Sir  de  Lacy  Evans,  com- 
mander of  the  British  Legion,  which  cham- 
pioned the  cause  of  Queen  Isabella  in  1837, 
and  having  become  much  interested  in  the 
struggle  going  on  in  Spain,  Mr.  Derbishire 
proceeded  to  the  troubled  scene  as  special 
correspondent  of  the  Morning  Chronicle. 
Not  satisfied,  however,  with  using  his  pen 
only  in  the  cause,  and  desiring  to  be  more 
actively  engaged  in  the  struggle,  he  volun- 
teered at  the  assault  of  Irun,  and  for  his  per- 
sonal bravery  received  a  medal,  as  well  as  a 
very  flattering  letter  from  Sir  de  Lacy.  He 
also  earned  the  high  approbation  of  Nar- 
vaez,  under  whom  he  served  in  the  cam- 
paigns of  Castile,  Valladolid  and  Sagovia, 
for  which  services  he  was  made  a  Knight  of 
the  Christian  and  Military  Order  of  San 
Fernando,  and  received  several  medals  for 
his  gallantry.  The  honor  of  saving  the  life 
of  Narvaez  in  a  mutiny,  has  been  attribut- 
ed to  him,  and  he  is  also  said  to  have  been 
the  first  to  point  out  to  the  Melbourne  min- 
istry— then  active  champions  of  the  Quad- 
ruple Alliance — the  inefficiency  of  Espar- 
tero,  and  to  fortell  the  rise  of  Narvaez.  In 
1838,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  came  out  to 
Canada  as  attach^  to  the  Earl  of  Durham. 
He  held  this  nobleman  in  high  esteem,  as 
well  for  his  personal  qualities  as  for  his  gen- 
erous and  large-hearted  statesmanship,  and 
like  him,  he  considered  a  lenient  policy  the 
only  one  to  be  pursued  towards  the  recent- 
ly insurgent  population,  amongst  whom  he 
acted  as  an  emissary  of  mercy,  visiting  in 
the  Montreal  district  the  localities,  which, 
like  Saint  Benoit  and  Saint  Eustache  had 
been  desolated  by  the  flames  of  civil  war, 
carrying  consolation  and  assistance  to  the 
victims  of  the  strife.  He  continued  after  the 
troubles  had  ceased,  to  have  a  warm  corner 
in  his  heart  for  the  rebels,  some  of  whom  be- 
came his  personal  friends,  and  towards  whom 
— more  especially  Dr.  Wolfred  Nelson  and 
Dr.  Bolph — he  entertained,  not  only  feelings 
of  affectionate  regard,  but  of  high  respect 
and  admiration,  as  towards  men  who  had 
taken  up  a  course  detrimental  to  their  own 
interests,  in  the  hope  of  gaining  for  the 
country  that  which,  in  a  short  time,  all  but 
an  insignificant  minority  agreed  the  coun- 


try must  have.  For  some  of  the  less  fortun- 
ate among  their  brethren,  who  remained  in 
exile,  he  used  his  influence  with  the  Cana- 
dian government.  Later  in  the  day,  when 
many  of  the  former  rebels  were  serving 
their  country  in  honourable  positions,  and 
it  was  no  singular  thing  to  be  in  friendship 
with  them,  one  of  Lord  Metcalfe's  aides  was 
heard  to  say,  "  How  are  your  friends  the 
rebels,  Derbishire  ?"  "  Oh,"  was  the  re- 
ply, "  I  can't  get  to  see  them  now,  you  keep 
them  at  government  house ;  when  Viger  was 
in  jail  we  could  get  to  him,  now  we  can't." 
Yiger  was  then  president  of  the  council. 
In  the  course  of  Mr.  Derbishire' s  diplomat- 
ic duties,  he  brought  up  from  New  York 
the  news  from  Britain  that,  as  he  express- 
ed it,  "  would  make  his  lordship  kick  and 
throw  up  his  commission,"  as  indeed  it  did, 
and  shortly  after  the  Earl's  departure,  the 
rebellion  again  breaking  out,  as  all  along 
he  had  predicted  it  would,  he  was  asked,  as 
one  who  knew  the  country  and  the  people, 
to  undertake  the  dangerous  service  of  carry- 
ing despatches  to  New  Brunswick  and  Hali- 
fax, demanding  immediate  re-inforcements 
of  troops  ;  this  he  did,  travelling  in  mid- 
winter from  Quebec  to  Halifax  by  sleigh 
and  on  horse-back,  and  resting  neither  night 
nor  day  till  his  mission  was  fulfilled.  Find- 
ing everything  tranquil  on  his  return  to 
Lower  Canada,  he  endeavoured  to  regain 
his  native  land,  but  owing  to  the  badness  of 
the  roads,  arrived  in  New  York  too  late  for 
the  packet,  by  which  he  intended  sailing. 
There  were  at  that  time  matters  of  great  in- 
terest in  agitation  at  Washington,  and  Mr. 
Fox — then  British  minister  there — engaged 
his  services  to  draw  up  several  papers  upon 
the  international  relations  between  Great 
Britain,  the  United  States  and  the  Canadas, 
which  were  sent  home  to  the  Foreign  office 
with  high  commendations,  and  Mr.  Derbi- 
shire was  just  on  the  eve  of  embarking  with 
strong  recommendations  to  Lord  Palmer  - 
ston,  when  a  letter  reached  him,  stating,  that 
Mr.  Poulett  Thompson,  afterwards  Lord 
Sydenham,  wished  him  to  join  his  govern- 
ment, whereupon  he  once  more  turned  his 
footsteps  in  the  direction  of  the  country 
which  appeared  fated  to  become  his  home. 
Before  leaving  the  United  States,  however, 
Mr.  Fox  commissioned  him  to  travel  leisurely 
through  Maine,  on  his  way  from  New  Bruns- 
wick to  Canada,  and  endeavor  to  find  out 
the  feelings  of  the  people  of  that  state  up- 
on the  vexed  question  of  their  northern 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


489 


boundary  ;  he  did  so,  and  found  the  Main- 
ites  in  a  highly  irritated,  and  what  he  con- 
sidered to  be,  wholly  unreasonable  frame  of 
mind  on  that  subject,  and  he  drew  up  a 
somewhat  lengthy  paper  on  the  knowledge 
gained  through  his  enquiries,  which  Mr. 
Fox  spoke  of  as  containing  some  extremely 
valuable  information,  and  the  gist  of  which 
would  form  a  useful  addition  to  the  history 
extant  upon  the  subject.  In  1841,  Mr. 
Derbishire  was  elected  member  of  Parlia- 
ment for  By  town,  having  been  personally 
recommended  by  Lord  Sydenham,  as  "a 
friend  of  my  own,  qualified  by  his  ability  to 
do  honor  to  any  constituency."  Sir  Charles 
Bagot's  administration,  Mr.  Derbishire  con- 
sidered in  the  highest  degree  successful, 
and  full  of  promise  to  the  young  country, 
whose  factions  were  beginning  to  coalesce 
and  work  in  harmony  under  the  straight- 
forward, wise  and  honorable  policy  of  that 
governor.  If,  however,  he  was  so  fortun- 
ate as  to  have  his  political  sentiments  at  one 
with  those  of  each  governor-general  who 
had  ruled  in  the  country  since  his  arrival  in 
it — during  whose  administrations  had  been 
developed  and  brought  into  action  that  prin- 
ciple of  responsible  government  which  was 
to  release  the  youthful  limbs  of  the  country 
from  the  bands  that  had  hitherto  confined 
them,  allowing  them  to  gain  strength  with- 
in the  bounds  of  legitimate  freedom — re- 
sponsible government,  "  without  which, 
British  rule  in  this  part  of  the  empire  must 
have  become  a  monument  of  cruelty,  injus- 
tice and  folly  " — it  was  far  otherwise  when 
Sir  Charles  Bagot's  unfortunate  successor 
came  upon  the  scene — the  former  happy 
unity  of  sentiment  ceased.  Admiring,  as  he 
did,  Lord  Metcalfe's  benevolent  heart,  it 
could  only  be  with  a  sorrowful  foreboding 
that  he  watched  the  reversion,  by  this  noble- 
man's want  of  head,  of  all  that  the  three 
former  governors  had  striven  to  establish. 
Lord  Metcalfe  was  only  "  fighting  again  a 
battle  which  had  been  already  fought  and 
lost;  but  fighting  it  with  diminished  forces, 
and  positions  considerably  less  favorable, 
reviving  a  contest  lost  by  Sir  F.  B.  Head." 
Believing,  that  until  prepared  with  other 
ministers,  granting  a  reasonable  time  for  the 
construction  of  a  cabinet,  it  is  out  of  all  rule 
of  representative,  responsible,  or  any  gov- 
ernment short  of  a  despotism,  to  dismiss,  or 
what  is  the  same  thing,  promote  the  resig- 
nation of  an  existing  ministry,  his  vote 
condemned  the  claim  advanced  by  the  gov- 


ernor-general, to  make  appointments  with- 
out the  knowledge  of  the  cabinet,  although 
a  threat  of  dismissal  from  the  office  of 
Queen's  printer — which  had  been  bestowed 
upon  him  in  1841 — was  held  over  his  head. 
It  was  a  question  to  him  whether  the  coun- 
try should  progress  in  that  development, 
which  seems  to  be  the  lot  of  all  new  coun- 
tries where  free  play  is  given  to  the  instinct 
of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  for  self-govern- 
ment, or  whether  the  irritation  caused  -by 
the  frustration  of  this  instinct,  should  break 
out  again  into  civil  war,  bringing  anarchy 
and  annexation  in  its  train.  Being  a  man  of 
honor,  of  course  all  personal  considerations 
were  dwarfed  beside  the  gigantic  proportions 
assumed  by  this  question,  in  view  of  the 
future  welfare  of  the  country.  Not  long 
after  this  critical  period,  Mr.  Derbishire 
gave  up  his  seat  in  parliament,  on  the  pass- 
ing of  the  Independence  of  Parliament  Act, 
but  after  retiring  from  active  politics,  as  was 
to  be  expected  of  a  man,  the  bias  of  whose 
mind  was  toward  political  life,  his  interest 
in  the  destinies  of  his  adopted  country  did 
not  grow  dim  with  years.  He  watched  her 
course  with  keen  sight,  and  continued  to 
champion  what  he  considered  her  best  in- 
terests in  the  press,  both  of  the  colony  and 
of  the  mother  country.  In  1849,  when 
financial  ruin  stared  the  country  in  the  face, 
and  Britain,  by  her  oft- repeated  neglect, 
seemed  callous  to  her  fate,  he,  with  many 
others,  sorrowfully  believed  that  annexation 
was  inevitable,  and  with  much  bitterness  of 
spirit,  expressed  himself  to  a  friend  in  Eng- 
land, who  had  for  many  years  been  a  pub- 
lic servant  in  this  country :  "In  view  of  an- 
nexation, I  feel,  as  I  suppose  a  man  feels 
who  knows  that  one  of  these  coming  days 
he  is  to  be  led  out  to  the  scaffold  to  be 
strangled  in  presence  of  numerous  specta- 
tors who  come  to  enjoy  the  sport,  and  so 
feel  a  good  many,  I  fancy."  His  feelings 
towards  Canada  had  been  one  of  peculiar 
loyalty — in  the  first  years  of  his  residence 
in  it  he  wished  people  to  believe  that  he  had 
taken  root  and  identified  himself  with  its 
interests,  and  with  a  lavish  hand,  spent  the 
large  income  he  received,  that  they  might 
know  that  it  was  riot  riches  he  sought  in 
making  Canada  his  home.  United  to  his 
talents  in  public  life,  Mr.  Derbishire  possess- 
ed those  qualifications  which  make  a  man 
the  admired  favorite  of  society.  A  wide 
range  of  sympathies,  rare  scholarship  and 
artistic  taste,  joined  to  a  warmth  and  geni- 


490 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ality  of  disposition,  which  caused  him  to 
help  with  heart  and  hand  and  purse  all 
those  who  appealed  to  his  sympathy,  made 
the  domain  in  which  he  ruled  by  affection, 
a  wide  and  varied  one.  One,  a  friend  from 
the  time  he  first  came  to  the  country,  says 
of  him,  "  Coming  within  the  vast  pale  of 
of  those  whom  he  admitted  to  sympathy, 
from  the  highest  to  the  lowest,  to  whom  he 
extended  the  generous  helping  hand,  and 
knowing  him  better,  I  believe,  than  those 
with  whom  he  was  intimate,  or  the  public, 
I  was  deeply  impressed  with  the  depth  of 
his  philosophy  and  his  accomplished  liter- 
ary power  and  taste." 

Adam,  Lucien  Alexandre  Sam- 
uel, Sheriff  of  the  District  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe, in  the  Province  of  Quebec,  was  born 
at  Coteau  du  Lac,  county  of  Soulanges, 
district  of  Montreal,  the  10th  day  of 
Novembe,  1847.  His  parents  were  Louis 
Adam,  notary,  and  Henriette  Bourgeois, 
third  daughter  of  the  late  Captain  Fran- 
£ois  Louis  Bourgeois,  who  came  to  Cana- 
da with  the  title  of  captain,  in  a  com- 
pany of  the  regiment  of  the  Meurous. 
He  was  a  native  of  Neufchatel,  in  Switzer- 
land. Before  the  recall  of  his  regiment, 
Captain  Bourgeois  remained  in  this  coun- 
try, which  he  made  his  retreat,  and  died  in 
1860,  at  the  home  of  his  son-in-law,  Louis 
Adam,  at  Coteau  du  Lac,  aged  ninety-one 
years.  Madame  Bourgeois  was  a  daughter 
of  the  late  Dr.  Stubenger,  surgeon,  etc.,  who 
died  in  this  country  several  years  ago.  In 
1837,  Louis  Adam  was  among  the  number 
of  patriots  who  assisted  and  took  part  with 
his  father,  Augustin  Adam,  at  St.  Charles. 
He  was  then  only  fourteen  years  of  age. 
Lucien  Samuel  Adam  took  his  classical 
course  at  the  Grand  Seminary  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe,  which  he  left  the  15th  June,  1866, 
after  having  been  admitted  as  a  law  stu- 
dent. He  studied  his  profession  with  the 
late  Louis  Tache,  then  notary  and  sheriff  of 
St.  Hyacinthe,  and  acted  as  deputy  sheriff 
during  six  years.  In  April,  1870,  at  the 
time  of  the  Fenian  invasion,  Mr.  Adam  was 
attached  to  the  staff  of  the  St.  Hyacinthe 
regiment,  then  under  the  command  of 
Lieut. -Colonel  Romauld  St.  Jacques.  The 
regiment  was  called  out  on  duty  and  set  out 
for  the  frontier  to  suppress  the  insurrection, 
with  others  from  Montreal,  where  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  was  appointed  paymaster. 
In  May,  1871,  he  was  admitted  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  legal  profession,  by  the  Assembly 


of  Notaries  at  Laval  University,  Quebec, 
and  on  the  14th  of  July  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  St.  Hyacinthe, 
which  he  continued  until  May,  1881,  when 
he  was  made  sheriff  by  the  Chapleau  gov- 
ernment, in  place  of  the  late  Louis  Tache, 
deceased,  the  1st  April  of  the  same  year. 
Mr.  Adam  took  part  in  several  election  con- 
tests, provincial  as  well  as  federal,  and  was 
always  a  staunch  supporter  of  Conservative 
interests.  On  the  15th  of  May,  1872,  he  was 
married  at  St.  Hyacinthe,  to  Miss  Marie 
Zoe  Boivin,  second  daughter  of  the  late 
Leonard  Boivin,  merchant  and  importer,  of 
St.  Hyacinthe,  and  in  later  years  collector 
of  inland  revenue  for  the  said  place,  whose 
wife  was  Madame  Marie  Zoe  Lagorce  and 
who  died  in  August,  1872.  Mr.  Adam  has 
three  brothers,  the  Kev.  F.  L.  T.  Adam,  of 
Hochelaga,  Montreal;  A.  A.  Adam,  advocate 
of  Ottawa,  and  the  Rev.  Father  Adam, 
Jesuit,  of  Montreal.  In  religion,  it  is  need- 
less to  say,  Mr.  Adam  is  an  earnest  and  de- 
vout Roman  Catholie.  He  was  appointed 
sheriff  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-three,  and 
to-day  is  but  forty  years  of  age.  Possess- 
ing all  the  necessary  requirements — talent, 
industry  and  integrity — of  success,  Mr. 
Adam  has  undoubtedly  a  brilliant  career  be- 
fore him. 

IVIcConnel,  William  George,  Ber- 
thierville,  Quebec,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Quebec,  on  the  12th  of  July,  1838.  His 
father,  John  McConnel,  and  his  mother, 
Margaret,  were  both  born  in  the  north  of 
Ireland,  in  the  good  old  county  Derry,  but 
both  parents  died  while  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  still  a  mere  youth.  Thrown 
thus  on  his  own  resources,  William  George 
found  his  way  to  the  New  World,  and  re- 
ceived a  good  commercial  education  at  the 
Protestant  Orphan  Asylum,  Quebec.  At 
the  age  of  thirteen  he  was  bound  to  a  cler- 
gyman of  the  Church  of  England,  for  the 
sum  of  $100,  to  learn  f arming.  He  soon 
found,  however,  that  his  talent  lay  in 
another  direction,  and  in  a  short  time  he 
was  sent  to  Mr.  J.  S.  Dixon,  merchant,  of 
Berthier,  and  here  he  obtained  .that  tho- 
rough knowledge  of  mercantile  affairs  which 
has  been  so  useful  to  him  in  later  years. 
He  remained  with  Mr.  Dixon  for  thirteen 
years,  when  his  entire  savings,  some  $1,300, 
were  swept  away  by  the  failure  of  his  mas- 
ter. Mr.  Dixon,  however,  resumed  busi- 
ness, and,  nothing  daunted,  Mr.  McConnel 
entered  into  partnership  with  his  former 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


491 


master,  and  they  continued  in  business  to- 
gether for  three  years.  On  October  1st, 
1868,  Mr.  McConnell  entered  into  business 
on  his  own  account  as  a  general  produce 
merchant,  but  making  flour  his  chief  busi- 
nrss,  and  he  still  continues  to  make  a  speci- 
alty of  this  indispensable  article.  In  1881 
he  entered  into  partnership  with  Mr  Robil- 
lard,  M.P.P.,  in  the  wholesale  grain  busi- 
ness, but  this  partnership  was  dissolved  in 
the  fall  of  1886.  Mr.  McConnel  is  a  member 
of  the  Montreal  Corn  Exchange,  which  he 
joined  in  1879.  He  is  a  staunch  Liberal  in 
politics,  and  has  always  thrown  his  influ- 
ence heartily  into  every  contest,  so  as  to 
make  that  party  successful  in  the  county  of 
Berthier.  He  has  been  an  alderman  of  the 
town  since  1881 ;  and  the  esteem  in  which  he 
is  held  by  his  fellow-townsmen  is  shown  in 
the  fact  that  his  election  is  always  by  ac- 
clamation. In  1888  he  was  appointed  a 
justice  of  the  peace  for  the  county  of  Rich- 
elieu. He  is  a  faithful  adherent  of  the 
Church  of  England.  In  1881  he  was  elect- 
ed people's  churchwarden,  and  since  that 
time  the  church  has  been  independent  of  out- 
side support.  He  is  also  one  of  the  trustees 
of  the  Berthier  Protestant  Academy.  He  was 
married  on  December  1st,  1872,  to  a  French 
lady,  Miss  Amelia  Mailloux,  daughter  of 
Antoine  and  Marie  Louise  Mailloux,  of 
Berthier,  by  whom  he  has  a  family  of  nine 
children,  of  whom  seven  only  are  living. 
All  of  them  speak  the  French  and  English 
languages  fluently.  Mr.  McConnel  is  a 
good  conversationalist,  with  an  intimate 
knowledge  of  men  and  places  acquired  in 
the  course  of  constant  travel  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada. 

Maynard,  Rev.  Thomas,  M.A., 
D.D.,  Eector  of  Christ  Church,  Windsor, 
and  Canon  of  St.  Luke's  Cathedral,  Hali- 
fax, Nova  Scotia,  was  born  in  Halifax,  N.S., 
on  the  8th  of  November,  1814.  His  father, 
Thomas  Maynard,  a  post-captain  in  the 
British  navy,  was  a  native  of  Devonshire, 
England,  who,  after  seeing  a  great  deal  of 
service,  settled  in  Halifax,  and  became  high 
sheriff  of  the  county  of  Halifax;  he  was  a 
man  of  great  integrity,  and  died  at  the 
advanced  age  of  87  years.  His  mother 
was  Lucy  Creighton,  of  Halifax.  Her  father, 
J.  Creighton,  belonged  to  Somersetshire, 
England,  and  was  among  the  first  English 
settlers  in  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Creighton 
owned  the  Cathedral  Hill,  and  sold  it  to 
the  Duke  of  Kent,  and  received,  in  part 


payment,  a  house  called  Grenadier  Fort, 
where  Trinity  church  now  stands.  There 
was  a  small  wooden  fort  at  the  gate  of  this 
property,  built  to  keep  off  the  Indians. 
Rev.  Dr.  Maynard  received  his  educational 
training  at  the  Collegiate  School,  and  at 
King's  College,  Windsor,  N.S.,  where  he 
graduated  in  arts  in  1832.  He  studied  law, 
and  was  afterwards  admitted  a  barrister; 
but,  changing  his  mind,  he  determined  to 
devote  himself  to  the  work  of  the  Master, 
and  accordingly,  in  1841,  was  ordained 
deacon  by  the  Right  Rev.  John  Inglis,  bishop 
of  Nova  Scotia,  and  priest  by  the  same 
bishop  a  year  later.  He  was  curate,  for  a 
year,  of  Dartmouth,  and  after,  about  the 
same  length  of  time,  of  St.  George's  Church 
at  Halifax.  Afterwards  he  occupied  the 
position  of  rector  of  Rawdon,  and  subse- 
quently of  Digby,  for  five  years  each;  then 
of  Sackville,  near  Halifax,  four  years;  and 
was  appointed  rector  of  Windsor  in  1859, 
where  he  has  since  administered  his  holy 
office.  Canon  Maynard  has  often  held  the 
position  of  examiner  in  divinity  in  King's 
College,  and  has  on  several  occasions  been 
a  delegate  to  the  Provincial  Synod,  held  in 
Montreal,  as  well  as  to  the  Diocesan  Synod. 
King's  College  has  conferred  upon  him  the 
degrees  of  M.  A.  and  D.D.  In  his  ministra- 
tion, Dr.  Maynard  is  free  from  display,  but 
constantly  shows  a  yearning  love  for  the 
best  welfare  of  his  hearers.  He  has  a  rare 
faculty  of  attracting  the  young,  and  he  is 
held  in  very  high  respect  by  his  people. 
He  is  withal  possessed  of  a  genial  disposi- 
tion, and  has  a  keen  sense  of  humor.  His 
preaching  corresponds  with  his  life,  and  is 
highly  calculated  to  impress  and  deepen  the 
spiritual  life  of  those  under  his  care.  He 
has  done  good  work  in  the  Lord's  vineyard. 
He  was  married  on  the  8th  March,  1843,  to 
Sarah  Wilkins,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Lewis 
Morris  Wilkins,  at  one  time  speaker  of  the 
House  of  Assembly,  Nova  Scotia,  and  sub- 
sequently judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Nova  Scotia.  Miss  Wilkins  was  a  woman 
of  very  superior  intellect  and  literary  at- 
tainment, and  was  a  great  favorite  wherever 
she  was  known.  She  was  a  great  aid  to  her 
husband  in  all  his  efforts  to  do  good  in  the 
church.  She  died  on  the  30th  September, 
1884,  aged  70  years.  The  family  of  Wil- 
kins was  one  of  the  most  important  in  this 
county.  Dr.  Isaac  Wilkins  represented  the 
county  of  West  Chester,  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  before  the  American  Revolution- 


492 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


ary  war;  he  sided  with  the  British,  and 
gave  up  wealth  and  power  to  live  under 
the  British  flag.  He  came  to  Nova  Scotia, 
and  settled  at  Shelbourne;  he  represented 
that  county  in  the  provincial  legislature. 
Some  years  after  the  peace  he  returned  to 
the  United  States;  having  formerly  studied 
for  the  Christian  ministry,  he  w£8  ordained 
by  Bishop  Leabury,  and  was  rector  of  the 
parish  of  West  Chester,  where  he  died  at 
an  advanced  age.  His  son,  Le\ds  Morris 
Wilkins,  and  his  grandson  of  the  same 
name,  both  became  judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Nova  Scotia.  His  grandson,  Mar- 
tin Isaac  Wilkins,  was  a  distinguished  law- 
yer and  prothonotary  of  the  Superior  Court. 
Judge  Wilkins  had  three  daughters,  Sarah 
Wilkins,  the  wife  of  Canon  Maynard,  being 
the  youngest.  The  fruit  of  the  union  has 
been  a  family  of  eight  children. 

StevensoD,  major  Samuel  Cot- 
liiigliam,  (B.  A.),  was  born  in  Montreal, 
on  the  7th  August,  1848.  He  attended  the 
high  school  in  that  city  and  afterwards 
graduated  at  McGill  University,  taking  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts.  His  father  was 
Mr.  James  Stevenson,  a  native  of  Campbell- 
ton,  Argyleshire,  Scotland,  and  his  mother 
was  Elizabeth  Cottingham,  a  descendant  of 
the  Cottinghams,  of  County  Caven,  Ireland. 
When  a  youth  Mr.  Stevenson  entered  the 
ranks  of  the  Victoria  Bines,  Montreal,  and 
not  long  afterwards  he  saw  active  service  in 
the  Fenian  raid  of  1866.  He  afterwards 
held  a  commission  in  the  1st,  or  Prince  of 
Wales'  Bifles,  and  was  present  in  the  en- 
gagement at  Eccles'  Hill,  on  the  Vermont 
border,  in  1870.  In  the  year  1881  Mr.  Ste- 
venson retired  from  the  force  with  the  rank 
of  Major.  For  over  fifteen  years  Mr.  Ste- 
venson has  taken  a  very  prominent  part  in 
the  exhibition  affairs  of  the  Dominion.  He 
entered  on  the  work  in  1872,  as  assistant  at 
the  first  large  provincial  exhibition  held  at 
Montreal.  Mr.  Stevenson  worked  so  effi- 
ciently, and  made  himself  so  useful  every- 
where at  this  time,  that  his  services  were 
called  into  requisition  at  the  next  provin- 
cial exhibition,  held  in  the  following  year 
on  the  new  grounds  at  Mile  End,  Mont- 
real. On  this  occasion  he  showed  himself 
so  energetic  and  capable  that  he  was  placed 
in  entire  charge  of  the  industrial  depart- 
ment of  the  exhibition.  We  next  find  that 
in  the  preparations  made  for  the  represen- 
tation of  Canada  at  the  great  Centennial 
Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  in  1876,  Mr.  Ste- 


venson was  appointed  secretary  to  the  advi- 
sory board,  in  succession  to  Mr.  H.  Beau- 
grand,  mayor  of  Montreal,  and  when  the  ex- 
hibition opened  he  was  appointed  special 
commissioner  there  for  the  province  of  Que- 
bec. He  had  secured  a  magnificent  display  of 
products  and  manufactures  from  Montreal, 
Quebec,  Sherbrooke,  and  the  province  gen- 
erally.    The  services  he  rendered  at  the 
great  American  Centennial  were  of  a  most 
important  character,  not  only  in  the  amount 
of  well-directed  labor  he  performed,  but  for 
his  good  influence  in  promoting  the  com- 
merce and  interests  of  his  native  country 
generally.     On  Mr.  Stevenson's  return,  his 
practical  services  were  acknowledged  by  the 
gift  of  a  splendid  gold  watch  and  chain  and 
an  address.     In  the  next  year  a  permanent 
exhibition  committee  for  the  province   of 
Quebec  was  named,  and  Mr.  Stevenson  was 
unanimously  chosen  secretary,  and  has  held 
the  position  till  the  present  time.      In  that 
capacity   he   originated  and  managed  the 
first  of  the  series  of  Dominion  exhibitions 
which  have  been  held  in  various  parts  of 
Canada  ever  since,  and  which  have  been  the 
means  of  greatly  fostering  the  inter-provin- 
cial relations  of  the  country.  In  fact,  it  was 
at  this  exhibition  that  the  attention  of  that 
large   portion  of  the  people  of  the  older 
provinces  who  had  never  troubled  themselves 
much  about  it,  became  earnestly  concentra- 
ted upon  the  great  North- West,  Mr.  Stev- 
enson having  obtained  a  most  interesting 
collection  of  exhibits  from  Manitoba  and 
the  adjoining  territories.     Till  now  all  the 
principal  exhibitions  in  Canada  had  been 
provincial  in  character,  but  a  new  era  was 
opened  by  this  event,  and  the  Dominion 
government,  having  voted  a  special  grant  of 
$5000,  have  maintained  the  exhibition  ever 
since,  it  being  held  in  different  cities  and 
different  provinces  each  year.     Mr.  Steven- 
son was  the  chief  organizer  and  manager  of 
all  the  exhibitions  held  in  Montreal  since 
1872,  and  in  1883  contributed  much  to  the 
success  of  the  Dominion  exhibition  at  St. 
John,  N.B.,  by  the  contributions  he  raised 
in  Quebec  and  Ontario,   as  he  did  also  to 
the  success  of  the  International  Exhibition 
at  Antwerp  in  1885,  at  which  Canada  was 
well  represented.     His  work  in  connection 
with  the  Colonial  and  Indian  exhibition  is 
too  well  known  to  the  public  of  Canada  and 
England   to   need   an   extended   reference 
here.     From  the  moment  the  idea  was  start- 
ed Mr.  Stevenson  entered  heart  and  soul 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


493 


into  the  work,  and  organized  the  largest 
collection  of  exhibits  ever  sent  out  of   his 
province.      He  gave  many  suggestions  of 
value  to  the  Dominion  government,  and  at 
the  request  of  Sir  Charles  Tupper,  was  dis- 
patched to  London  to  assist  in  arranging 
the  details  of  the  Canadian  section,  alloting 
the  spaces,  etc.    That  Mr.  Stevenson  worked 
well,  and  that  he  rendered  the  most  valu- 
able service  in  the  interests  of  all  parts  of 
the  Dominion,  is  admitted  on  all  sides,  and 
that  he  triumphed  successfully  over  the  dif- 
ficulties of  want  of  space  and  the  inconve- 
nient arrangement  of  the  building  will  also 
be  most  readily  admitted  by  those  who  best 
understood  the  nature  of  the  task  before 
him,  as  well  as  by  those  who  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  seeing  the  admirable  arrangement 
of  the  Canadian  court.     He  took  the  initia- 
tive in   the    formation  of   the  Exhibitors' 
Commercial   Exchange   at  the   exhibition, 
established  for  the  purpose  of  developing 
and  fostering  closer  commercial  relations  be- 
tween the  various  British  colonies,  and  was 
its  provisional  chairman.     Mr.  Stevenson  is 
secretary  of  the  Council  of  Arts  and  Manu- 
factures of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  under 
whose  direction  is  placed  the  technical  and 
art  education  of  the  province.     He  is  direc- 
tor of  technical  and  art  instruction,  and  has 
taken  a  warm  interest  in  the  work  of  the 
schools  under  the  control  of  the  council. 
He  has  contributed  several  valuable  articles 
on  technical  education.    Mr.  Stevenson  took 
a  prominent  part  in  inducing  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science 
to  hold  its  sessions  in  Montreal  in  1882,  and 
was  also  one  of  the  local  secretaries,  in 
conjunction  with  Hon.  Thomas  White,  ex- 
Mayor  Eivard  and  Mr.  S.  E.  Dawson,  on 
the  occasion  of  the  famous  meeting  of  the 
British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  held  there  in  1884.     Mr.  Steven- 
son's wide  and  varied  experience  in  exhibi- 
tion matters  is  well  appreciated  and  recog- 
nized by  those  who  know  him  in  America, 
and  he  was  consequently  elected  vice-presi- 
dent of  the   International    Association   of 
Fairs  and  Expositions  at  the  annual  con- 
vention of  that  body  held  in  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
in  1884.     He  was  also  appointed  honorary 
commissioner  for  Canada  for  the  Boston 
Foreign  exhibition,  held  in  1883.    That  the 
people  of  his  own  city  have  confidence  in 
his  judgment  in  exhibition  matters  is  evi- 
denced by  the  fact  that  the  Montreal  Board 
of  Trade  desired  to  have  his  views  and  his 


advice  before  commiting  itself  to  any  line 
of  action  in  connection  with  the  proposed 
permanent  exhibition,  as  suggested  by  the 
London  Chamber  of  Commerce,  in  1886. 
It  is  pleasing  to  notice  that,  notwithstand- 
ing the  calls  on  Mr.  Stevenson's  energy,  he 
can  still  find  time  to  promote  the  athletic 
sports  of  Canada.  He  was  for  some  years 
secretary  of  the  old  Dominion  Lacrosse  and 
Snow  Shoe  Club,  and  has  several  good  re- 
cords to  his  credit ;  was  president  of  the 
Independent  Lacrosse  Club  and  of  the 
Wolseley  Snow  Shoe  Club,  and  in  1880  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  National  La- 
crosse Association  of  Canada.  Mr.  Steven- 
son is  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the 
French  language,  which  is  of  great  advan- 
tage in  the  province  of  Quebec,  and  has 
travelled  extensively  through  Europe.  Uni- 
ted States  and  his  own  country.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church  of 
Canada.  Mr.  Stevenson  is  a  member  of 
the  "  Society  de  Geographic  Commerciale," 
of  Paris,  and  a  corresponding  member  of  the 
Industrial  Education  Association,  of  New 
York.  He  is  also  a  director  of  the  Great 
Northern  Eailway  Company.  In  1878  Mr. 
Stevenson  was  married  to  Gertrude,  daugh- 
ter of  Col.  Caldwell,  of  Delaware,  a  relative 
of  the  late  Bayard  Taylor  on  her  mother's 
side,  and  whose  great  grandfather  was  a 
general  in  the  Bevolutionary  war. 

Ketr§tead,  Rev.  Ellas  Miles,  M.  A., 
Professor  of  English  Literature  and  Psy- 
chology in  Acadia  College,  Wolfville,  N.S., 
is  a  native  of  New  Brunswick.  He  was 
born  at  Collina,  King's  county,  in  that  pro- 
vince, February  llth,  1850.  His  father,  Rev. 
Elias  Keirstead,  was  a  Baptist  minister,  well 
known  in  the  maritime  provinces,  his  mother 
being  Margaret  Ganong,  of  a  family  also 
equally  well  known.  The  family  of  Keir- 
stead is  originally  of  German  extraction, 
but  for  six  generations  our  subject's  branch 
has  resided  on  this  continent  John  Keir- 
stead, of  New  York,  is  the  first  of  the  family 
of  whom  we  have  any  record,  as  far  as  the 
new  world  is  concerned.  He  had  a  son, 
Jacobus,  and  he  was  the  father  of  James, 
who,  with  five  of  his  brothers  and  one  sister, 
came  to  New  Brunswick  as  loyalists.  Isaiah, 
our  subject's  grandfather,  was  born  in  the 
United  States,  and  came  to  King's  county, 
New  Brunswick,  when  a  child.  He  ( Isaiah ) 
married  Lydia  Gray,  a  daughter  of  Captain 
William  Gray,  who  was  also  a  loyalist.  Our 
subject's  mother  was  the  daughter  of  James 


494 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Ganong,  also  of  loyalist  stock,  he  being  a 
son  of  Thomas,  who  founded  the  family  in 
New  Brunswick.  Thomas  was  of  Irish  de- 
scent on  his  father's  side,  and  English  on 
that  of  his  mother.  Thomas  had  two  bro- 
thers, officers  in  the  English  army,  and  who 
were  with  Wellington  at  Waterloo.  James' 
wife,  and  grandmother  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  Margaret,  a  daughter  of  Captain 
William  Cox,  who  was  also  a  loyalist.  Prof. 
Keirstead  was  educated  primarily  at  the 
common  and  superior  schools  of  his  native 
parish,  when  he  entered  the  University  of 
New  Brunswick,  and  subsequently  Newton 
Theological  Institution,  Newton,  Massa- 
chussetts.  He  graduated  at  the  head  of 
his  class  in  1873,  at  the  university,  and  at 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution  in  1876, 
and  subsequently  obtained  the  degree  of 
M.A.  from  Acadia  College.  At  the  univer- 
sity he  took  all  the  studies  in  the  prescribed 
course  for  B.  A.,  and,  in  addition,  took  honors 
for  special  work  in  mathematics,  English 
language  and  literature,  and  French  lan- 
guage and  literature.  At  the  Theological 
Institution  he  followed  the  regular  course 
of  three  years  for  full  graduation.  The 
course  embraced  among  other  studies,  New 
Testament  interpretation  (Greek),  Old  Tes- 
tament interpretation  (Hebrew),  systematic 
and  biblical  theology,  pastoral  theology, 
homiletics,  church  polity,  church  history, 
and  history  of  doctrines.  He  also  took 
special  lectures  in  Hebrew.  As  might  be 
expected,  from  the  position  Professor  Keir- 
stead  occupies,  he  holds  strongly  the  views 
of  the  Baptist  denomination.  As  a  contro- 
versialist he  is  one  of  no  light  calibre,  hav- 
ing great  force  of  character,  and  intellectual 
gifts,  both  natural  and  acquired,  of  the 
highest  order.  He  married,  June  2 1  st,  1 8  7  7, 
Mary  J.  second  daughter  of  the  late  Joel 
Fen  wick,  of  Millstream,  King's  county,  N.B. 
The  Fenwicks  are  of  English  descent,  Mat- 
thew, the  father  of  Joel,  coming  from  that 
country  and  settling  in  New  Brunswick. 
Matthew  Fenwick's  wife  was  Miriam,  a 
daughter  of  William  Freeze,  who  settled  in 
Amherst,  N.S.,  from  England,  and  after- 
wards migrated  to  New  Brunswick.  Mrs. 
Keirstead's  mother  was  Ann,  daughter  of 
Kobert  McLeod,  whom  it  is  not  necessary 
to  state  was  of  Scottish  extraction.  Profes- 
sor Keirstead  was  ordained  a  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Milton,  Yarmouth,  N.S., 
December  5th,  1876.  In  1877  he  was  in- 
stalled as  pastor  of  the  church  of  the  same 


body  at  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  which  pulpit 
he  occupied  until  called  upon  to  fill  his  pre- 
sent high  position.  He  is  secretary  of  the 
Baptist  Convention  of  the  maritime  pro- 
vinces, and  has  occupied  that  relation  to  the 
body  for  nine  years.  Professor  Keirstead  is 
also  known  in  literature,  more  particularly, 
of  course,  in  that  connected  with  the  church 
to  which  he  is  such  an  ornament.  At  the 
present  writing  his  family  consists  of  two 
children;  one  boy  and  one  girl,  both  of 
whom  are,  of  course,  still  young. 

Fitzpatrick,  Chart  e§,  Advocate,  Que- 
bec. Although  still  quite  a  young  man, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  has  already  won 
a  foremost  position  at  the  Quebec  bar,  and 
his  reputation  is  more  than  local.  There  are 
few  members  of  his  profession  whose  name 
is  more  widely  known  beyond  the  limits 
of  that  province.  It  sprang  into  general 
prominence  with  the  Biel  case,  and  during 
some  anxious  months  it  was  constantly  be- 
fore the  world  in  connection  with  the  trial  of 
the  half-breed  leader,  and  the  efforts  made  to 
obtain  a  commutation  of  his  sentence.  Mr. 
Fitzpatrick  is  of  Irish  Catholic  parentage 
and  was  born  at  Quebec  on  the  19th  De- 
cember, 1853;  his  father's  name  being  John 
Fitzpatrick,  and  his  mother's,  Mary  Connol- 
ly. His  ancestry  were  always  noted  for 
their  devotion  to  the  cause  of  Ireland,  and 
our  subject  is,  in  this  respect,  an  ardent 
follower  in  their  patriotic  footsteps.  His 
grandfather,  James  Fitzpatrick,  was  a  pro- 
minent supporter  of  the  great  Irish  leader, 
Daniel  O'Connell,  during  the  repeal  agita- 
tion. Young  Charles  Fitzpatrick  was  ed- 
ucated at  the  Quebec  Seminary  and  Laval 
University,  of  which  last  he  was,  in  1876, 
the  Dufferin  medallist  in  the  law  faculty. 
On  being  admitted  to  the  practice  of  the 
law,  he  rapidly  pushed  into  note,  and  ac- 
quired a  large  business.  His  ability  as 
a  crimnal  lawyer  was  so  marked  that,  un- 
der the  Joly  provincial  government  in  1879, 
it  singled  him  out  for  the  crown  prose- 
cutorship  for  the  city  and  district  of  Que- 
bec ;  and  in  that  responsible  capacity  he 
acted  for  some  time  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  public  and  the  enhancement  of  his  own 
reputation.  Upon  the  defeat  of  the  Joly 
ministry  he  was  replaced  by  their  success- 
ors; but,  on  the  return  of  the  Liberals  to 
power  in  the  province,  with  the  Hon.  H. 
Mercier,  in  1887,  he  was  again  appointed 
crown  prosecutor  for  the  Quebec  district, 
and  still  holds  the  office.  During  the  inter- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


495 


val,  between  1880  and  1887,  he  figured 
prominently  in  most  of  the  important  cases 
before  the  provincial  courts.  He  repre- 
sented the  Belgian  government  in  the  cele- 
brated Tournai  frauds  case  at  Montreal, 
and  the  United  States  government  in  the 
great  Eno  extradition  case  at  Quebec,  and, 
in  1885,  he  woke  to  find  himself  famous 
all  over  the  Dominion,  by  his  retainer  as 
one  of  the  leading  counsel  for  the  de- 
fence in  the  Biel  case.  In  politics  he  is  a 
strong  Liberal,  and  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  nearly  all  the  federal  and  provincial 
elections  in  hie  section  since  1878.  He 
speaks  both  languages  with  equal  familiar- 
ity and  fluency,  and  is  as  much  at  home  in 
addressing  a  French  as  an  English  audi- 
ence. He  has  travelled  in  America  and  Eu- 
rope. In  religion  he  is  a  Roman  Catholic. 
He  married  on  the  20th  May,  1879,  Corinne, 
daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  E.  E.  Caron,  the 
second  lieutenant-governor  of  the  province 
of  Quebec  under  Confederation,  and  a  sister 
of  Sir  A.  P.  Caron,  Dominion  minister  of 
militia. 

Williams,  Richard  Wellington, 
Three  Rivers,  Quebec,  Druggist,  and  one  of 
the  prominent  Temperance  leaders  of  that 
province,  was  born  in  Montreal,  July  15th, 
1853.  He  comes  of  English  stock,  his 
father  being  Richard  Williams,  a  confec- 
tioner, and  native  of  Tavistock,  Devonshire, 
England,  his  mother's  maiden  name  being 
Gendle.  also  a  native  of  the  same  place. 
His  father  died  while  our  subject  was  very 
young,  and  his  mother  married,  some  time 
afterward,  Thomas  Roderick  Massey,  J.P., 
of  Nicolet  county,  Quebec,  where  Mr.  Wil- 
liams received  his  earlier  education,  includ- 
ing the  rudiments  of  French.  In  1865,  the 
family  moved  into  the  town  of  Nicolet, 
where,  after  attending  a  French  grammar 
school  for  some  time,  he  entered  Nicolet 
college,  where  he  took  a  commercial  course 
for  two  years,  succeeded  by  a  classical  one 
of  the  same  period.  Completing  his  col- 
legiate studies,  on  the  8th  of  July,  1870,  he 
was  apprenticed  with  a  druggist  in  Three 
Rivers.  In  August,  1875,  he  removed  to 
Montreal,  and  matriculated  at  the  Montreal 
College  of  Pharmacy,  taking  a  season's 
course,  and  receiving  a  certificate  as  "  certi- 
fied clerk,"  carrying  off  honors  as  a  medal- 
list. Soon  afterwards,  Mr.  Williams  was 
engaged  as  assistant  at  the  laboratory  of  Dr. 
J.  Baker  Edwards,  D.C.L.,  F.C.S.,  etc.,  at 
the  same  time  pursuing  his  second  course 


at  the  Pharmaceutical  college,  acting  as  as- 
sistant to  Dr.  Edwards,  who  was  professor 
of  practical  chemistry,  toxicology,  and  mi- 
croscopy, at  Bishop's  College  ;  professor  of 
chemistry  at  the  college  of  pharmacy,  and 
professor  of  chemistry,  physics,  etc.,  at  the 
McGill  Normal  School,  besides  being  public 
analyst  as  well.  During  this  period  Mr. 
Williams  made  the  most  of  his  advantages, 
graduating  as  pharmaceutical  chemist  in 
the  spring  of  1877,  being  the  medallist  of 
his  year.  Mr.  Williams  commenced  busi- 
ness in  Three  Rivers  in  April,  1878,  where 
he  has  succeeded  in  building  up  a  lucrative 
business.  In  early  life  Mr.  Williams  was 
confirmed  in  the  Episcopal  church,  his  step- 
father being  a  member  of  that  communion, 
but  later  on  he  gave  his  adherence  to  the 
Presbyterian  church  in  Canada,  and  is  a 
member  of  St.  Andrew's  church  of  Three 
Rivers.  In  1880,  he  was  elected  a  manager 
of  St.  Andrew's,  and  for  four  years  filled 
the  office  of  Secretary-treasurer,  and  now 
occupies  the  position  of  chairman  of  the 
board.  In  politics,  Mr.  Williams  has  always 
occupied  an  independent  position  as  be- 
tween the  two  great  political  parties,  but  is 
an  out-and-out  Prohibitionist,  and  is  quietly 
waiting  the  formation  of  a  national  party, 
having  the  prohibition  of  the  liquor  traffic 
as  its  main  platform.  Mr.  Williams  is  a 
Mason  of  some  prominence  in  his  native 
province,  he  being  chairman  of  the  per- 
manent committee  of  the  G.C.  of  Quebec 
R.A.M. ;  is  also  P.Z.  and  P.G.  Superinten- 
dent of  the  same  body;  also  Grand  Rep. 
of  the  G.C.  of  Dakota,  near  Quebec.  Mr. 
Williams  also  holds  the  rank  of  P.M.,  and  a 
P.D.D.G.M.  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Quebec 
A.F.  and  A.M.  Our  subject  is  also  a  prom- 
inent member  of  the  Independent  Order 
of  Foresters.  In  1871,  Mr.  Williams  joined 
the  Independent  Order  of  Good  Templars. 
In  1878,  he  took  the  G.L.  degree  of  that 
order,  and  in  1881,  he  was  elected  Grand 
Treasurer  of  the  G.L.  of  Quebec,  which  office 
he  continuously  held  until  1886,  when  he 
was  unanimously  elected  Grand  Chief  Tem- 
plar of  that  province,  again  being  unani- 
mously re-elected  to  fill  that  high  position 
in  1887.  In  1886,  he  was  one  of  the  two  re- 
presentatives sent  by  Grand  Lodge  to  the 
R.W.G.L.  session,  in  Richmond,  Va.,  and 
in  1887,  to  the  session  of  that  body  held  in 
Saratoga,  N.Y.,  both  years  being  drafted 
upon  important  committees.  Mr.  Williams 
is  a  member  of  the  American  Pharmaceuti- 


496 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


cal  Association,  and  also  of  the  Board  of 
Trade  of  his  town.  In  1886,  he  was  elected 
one  of  the  twelve  councillors  who  compose 
the  council  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Associa- 
tion of  the  province  of  Quebec,  and  the 
same  year  was  appointed  one  of  the  six  ex- 
aminers in  connection  with  this  association. 
He  still  holds  the  position  of  examiner,  being 
re-appointed  in  1887.  Mr.  Williams  has 
travelled  somewhat  extensively  upon  this 
continent,  but  has  never,  to  the  writer's 
knowledge,  crossed  the  Atlantic.  Mr.  Wil- 
liams married,  October  9th,  1879,  Alice  J., 
eldest  daughter  of  John  Thomas  Lambly, 
eon  of  the  late  John  Robert  Lambly,  regis- 
trar of  the  county  of  Megantic,  Quebec,  and 
niece  of  Eev.  O.  E.  Lambly  and  William 
H.  Lambly,  the  present  registrar,  etc.,  of 
Megantic  couifty.  Mr.  Williams  has  had 
two  children,  one  son  and  one  daughter. 
Personally,  Mr.  Williams  is  a  genial,  pleas- 
ant gentleman,  and  naturally  has  hosts  of 
friends,  but  these  traits  of  character  are 
never  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  predom- 
inant idea  of  his  life,  viz.,  to  do  all  that  lies 
within  his  power  to  curtail,  and,  if  possi- 
ble prohibit,  the  liquor  curse  of  his  native 
country. 

Duncan,  John,  formerly  of  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick,  was  born  in  Old  Meldrum, 
Aberdeenshire,  Scotland,  in  the  year  1797, 
and  landed  in  Miramichi,  New  Brunswick, 
in  1821.  About  the  year  1832  he  became 
connected  with  Mr.  John  Owens,  of  St.  John, 
N.B.,  where,  under  the  firm  of  Owens  & 
Duncan,  they  conducted,  with  great  suc- 
cess, a  ship-building  and  ship-owning  busi- 
ness, until  the  death  of  Mr.  Owens,  in  1867. 
The  firm  was  widely  known  and  respected 
for  the  management  of  their  affairs  under 
the  strictest  business  morality.  Mr.  Duncan 
devoted  much  of  his  time  as  director  and 
president  of  many  private  and  corporate 
bodies.  He  died  31st  January,  1869. 

Oirard,  Abbe  Pierre,  Priest,  Mas- 
ter of  Arts,  and  Superior  of  the  Semin- 
ary of  St.  Charles-Borromee,  Sherbrooke, 
Quebec,  was  born  February  14th,  1849,  at 
St.  Marie  de  Monnoir,  at  the  foot  of  the 
woody  Mount  Johnson.  He  was  the  son 
of  Pierre  Girard,  husbandman,  and  of 
Marie  Peletier.  On  his  father's  side  he  be- 
longs to  a  large  and  influential  family,  who 
have  furnished  many  men  of  merit  to  the 
country,  and  exercised  a  great  influence  in 
the  United  States.  From  his  mother  he  in- 
herited many  ^f  the  Peletier  qualities,  so 


well  known  for  their  enterprising  spirit, 
firmness,  and  indomitable  energy.  His 
father  passed  the  greatest  part  of  youth  at 
Detroit,  where  he  owned  a  vessel  and  coasted 
between  that  town  and  Chicago,  then  a  hum- 
ble village.  A  prolonged  storm  which  he 
endured  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  the  rigors 
to  which  he  was  subjected,  determined  him 
to  abandon  this  perilous  life  and  return  to 
his  native  country,  after  an  absence  of  seven 
years.  The  childhood  of  Mr.  Girard  was 
passed  under  the  watchful  eyes  of  a  loving 
mother.  Being  ti*e  eldest  of  the  family, 
and  more  separated  from  the  society  of 
other  children,  he  was  reserved,  serious  and 
more  than  ordinarily  timid.  He  then  deve- 
loped his  aptitude  for  industry,  of  which  he 
made  such  great  use  later.  His  favorite 
amusement  was  application  to  mechanism. 
In  this  connection  he  bears  a  long  scar  on 
his  left  wrist,  inflicted  while  experimenting 
with  a  miniature  saw-mill.  This  accident 
terminated  an  enterprise  which  had  been 
closely  calculated.  He  studied  the  elements 
of  science  in  the  common  school  which  he 
attended  from  the  age  of  seven  years,  from 
which  he  was  a  mile  distant.  His  progress 
was  so  rapid  that  after  three  years  his 
parents  sent  him,  in  1859,  to  the  college  of 
Monnoir,  where  he  studied  in  classics  and 
mechanics.  Endowed  with  unusual  talents 
and  an  extraordinary  memory,  he  made 
these  two  courses  in  seven  years.  Besides 
Latin  and  Greek,  Mr.  Girard  speaks  French, 
English  and  Italian.  Through  his  know- 
ledge of  literature,  philosophy  and  mathe- 
matics, he  was  made  a  professor  of  these 
sciences.  He  is  familiar  and  occupied  with 
all  scientific  subjects.  The  seminary  of  St. 
Charles-Borromee  is  designated  by  the  city 
of  Sherbrooke  as  one  of  its  principal  edi- 
fices. Mr.  Girard  draughted  the  plans 
and  directed  the  works  of  construction, 
which  is  an  unexceptionable  proof  of  his 
architectural  competency,  whilst  the  mu- 
seum is  extensive  and  rich  in  mineralogy, 
conchology,  ornithology,  zoology,  etc.,  col- 
lected under  his  supervision,  and  placing 
him  in  the  first  rank  as  a  naturalist.  Scarce- 
ly seventeen  years  of  age,  repudiating  all 
the  allurements  and  seductions  of  the  world, 
Mr.  Girard  enrolled  himself  in  the  ranks  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  clergy,  and  it  is  from 
this  epoch  that  his  career  as  an  educator  of 
youth  dates  He  was  ordained  priest  the 
23rd  September,  1871,  and  continued  to 
teach  in  the  college  of  Monnoir  until  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


497 


14th  of  February,  1874,  when  he  went  to 
Coaticook,  where  he  filled  the  office  of  assis- 
tant, besides  officiating  extensively  at  Bar- 
ford  and  the  boundary  line.  In  1875,  the 
first  bishop  of  the  new  diocese  of  Sher- 
brooke,  his  lordship,  Ant.  Kacine,  wishing  to 
establish  a  seminary  at  Sherbrooke,  believed 
he  could  not  do  better  than  entrust  this  great 
enterprise  to  the  erudition,  experience,  and 
practical  knowledge  of  the  Abbe"  Girard. 
He  was  not  deceived  in  his  estimate  of  this 
energetic  man,  as  the  seminary  of  St. 
Charles-Borromee  to-day  ranks  as  one  of 
the  most  flourishing  institutions  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  and  is  patronized  by  the 
sons  of  the  best  families  in  the  Dominion; 
among  the  number  being  the  two  sons  of 
his  honor  Lieutenant- Govern  or  Angers.  The 
number  of  pupils  who  each  year  present 
themselves  for  admittance  is  so  great  that 
the  Abbe  is  forced  to  refuse  them,  notwith- 
standng  the  work  of  enlargement  which 
is  being  vigorously  pushed  forward.  The 
secret  of  this  astonishing  success  lies  in  the 
fact  of  the  practical  teaching  of  the  two 
languages.  To  accomplish  this  it  requires 
eighteen  competent  professors  of  many 
years  experience.  With  a  man  of  the  Abbe* 
Girard's  acknowledged  ability,  profound 
talents,  and  sterling  piety,  at  the  head  of 
such  an  establishment,  nothing  more  can  be 
desired  to  insure  its  permanent  success. 
In  1884  and  1885  he  made  a  long  voyage 
across  the  sea,  in  company  with  His  Lord- 
ship Gravel,  bishop  of  Nicolet,  and  the  Rev. 
J.  C.  Bernard.  He  visited  London,  Paris, 
Home,  and  the  Holy  Land,  and  then  with 
the  latter  all  the  countries  of  Europe,  with 
the  exception  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  which 
had  to  be  omitted,  being  devastated  with 
that  fatal  epidemic,  cholera.  They  both 
have  related  the  most  interesting  reminis- 
cences of  their  tour,  which  lasted  a  year. 
Since  his  return  Mr.  Girard  has  entered  into 
his  work  with  renewed  ardor.  Work  seems 
to  have  no  effect  upon  his  strong  constitu- 
tion ;  he  utilitizes  his  spare  moments  in  his- 
torical researches  on  the  Eastern  townships, 
which  he  published  in  his  Annual  Memoirs 
of  the  Seminary.  He  printed  as  well  as 
composed,  in  his  hours  of  recreation,  this 
annual,  which  already  formes  two  large 
vols.  in  8vo.  In  spite  of  all  this  work,  he 
still  found  means  of  shining  in  the  pulpit, 
where  he  preached  sermons  deserving  of 
publication.  A  few  years  ago  he  published 
a  "  Method  of  Plain- Chant,"  which  has  been 
EE 


well  appreciated  by  the  public,  as  shown  by 
the  fact  of  its  being  in  its  fourth  edition. 
Being  professor  at  the  little  seminary  of  St. 
Mary,  he  founded,  in  1872,  a  journal,  hav- 
ing for  its  name  "  Echo  du  College  de  Mon- 
noir."  This  publication,  which  lasted  more- 
than  two  years,  contained  articles  worthy  of 
the  aptitude  of  his  directorship.  It  would 
still  exist  if  Mr.  Girard  had  not  been  called 
to  exercise  his  activity  in  another  sphere. 
Mr.  Girard  was  already  episcopal  counsel- 
lor of  Sherbrooke  up  to  August  9th,  1885, 
when  his  lordship,  Bishop  Gravel,  honored 
him  by  nominating  him  vicar-general  of  the 
diocese  of  Nicolet,  the  1st  of  November  of 
the  same  year. 

Allnatt,  Rev.  Franci§  John  Bon- 
well,  D.  D.,  Professor  of  Pastoral  Theo- 
logy in  the  University  of  Bishop's  College,, 
Lennoxville,  Quebec,  was  born  at  Clapham, 
a  suburb  of  London,  England,  on  the  15th 
of  January,  1841.  He  is  a  member  of  3 
family  for  many  generations  resident  at 
Wallingf ord,  Berkshire ;  and  his  father,  the 
Eev.  F.  J.  Allnatt,  M.E.C.S.,  is  at  present 
the  vicar  of  Grinsdale,  Carlisle,  England. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at 
St.  Augustine's  College,  Canterbury,  and, 
coming  out  to  Canada  in  1864,  was  immed- 
iately on  his  arrival,  ordained  deacon  by 
the  Anglican  bishop  of  Quebec,  and  ap- 
pointed to  the  mission  of  Drummond- 
ville,  on  the  St.  Francis  river.  This  he  re- 
tained for  twenty-one  years,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  period  of  two  years  (1872-4), 
during  which  he  volunteered  for  service  as 
missionary  on  the  coast  of  Labrador.  He 
was  ordained  priest  in  1865,  and  took  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Divinity  in  1878,  and 
that  of  Doctor  in  1886,  at  Bishop's  College, 
Lennoxville.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  as 
colleague  to  share  with  Dr.  Weir,  of  Morrin 
College,  the  inspection  of  academies  and 
model  schools  for  the  province  of  Quebec, 
an  office  which  he  held,  in  addition  to  his 
parochial  charge,  until  1885,  when  he  re- 
signed both  on  being  appointed  rector  of  St. 
Matthew's  church,-  in  the  city  of  Quebec. 
Early  in  the  present  year  (1887)  it  was  de- 
finitely decided  to  establish  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville,  a  new 
chair,  that  of  Pastoral  Theology,  with  the 
object  of  inaugurating  a  more  complete  me- 
thod of  training  and  discipline  for  those 
graduates  and  other  students  who  were  en- 
gaged in  immediate  preparation  for  holy 
orders.  The  most  important  feature  of  this 


498 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


new  departure  was  the  residence  of  these 
students  with  the  professor,  for  the  purpose 
of  closer  intercourse  with  him  and  more 
frequent  opportunities  for  devotion  and  in- 
struction. Dr.  Allnatt  was  appointed  as 
the  first  occupant  of  the  chair,  and  entered 
upon  his  new  duties  in  September,  1887. 
He  had  previously,  for  some  ten  years,  held 
the  office  of  examiner  in  Divinity  to  the  uni- 
versity. In  1874,  Dr.  Allnatt  married  the 
widow  of  Ignace  Gill,  M.P.P.  This  lady 
is  a  daughter  of  the  late  William  Robin,  a 
native  of  London,  but  of  Swiss  descent, 
and  educated  at  Geneva.  He  entered  the 
British  service  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Count  de  Meuron,  and  was  a  Heutenant  in 
a  regiment  named  after  that  nobleman,  and 
when  about  eighteen  years  of  age  the  regi- 
ment was  sent  to  Canada,  about  1812.  It 
was  disbanded  a  few  years  afterwards,  and 
officers  and  men  received  grants  of  land  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Drummondville.  Be- 
sides minor  literary  efforts,  Dr.  Allnatt  has 
published  a  book  entitled,  "  The  Witness  of 
St.  Matthew,"  an  inquiry  into  the  sequence 
of  inspired  thought  pervading  the  First  Gos- 
pel, and  into  its  result  of  unity,  symmetry 
and  completeness,  as  a  perfect  portrait  of  the 
Perfect  Man.  This  book,  which  is  publish- 
ed by  Kegan  Paul,  London,  England,  has 
met  with  much  favorable  notice  at  the  hands 
of  both  the  British  and  American  press. 
The  London  Guardian^  in  the  course  of  a 
very  flattering  review,  designates  it  as  "a 
careful,  thorough  and  systematic  analysis, 
with  suitable  remarks,  of  the  contents  of 
the  first  Gospel,  with  a  view  to  elicit  and 
illustrate  the  special  features  of  St.  Mat- 
thew's presentment  of  Christ's  Person  and 
work, — a  task  which  the  author  has  ac- 
complished with  much  discernment  and 
lucidity." 

Emmerson,  Rev.  R.  H.,  New  Bruns- 
wick.— The  late  Rev.  Robert  Henry  Emmer- 
son, a  clergyman  of  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion in  New  Brunswick,  had  his  birth  in 
Northumberland  county,  N.  B.,  October 
llth,  1826.  His  father  was  John  Emmer- 
son, who  at  an  early  age  came  from  England 
with  his  parents  to  Charlottetown,  P.E.I., 
and  his  mother,  Maria  Tozer,  of  Miramichi, 
N.B.  Both  were  members  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  the  latter  place.  In  his  boyhood 
Mr.  Emmerson  manifested  a  very  marked 
taste  for  reading  and  study,  with  an  acute 
perception  and  tenacious  memory.  The  ex- 
ercise of  his  mind  on  the  subject  of  religion 


may  be  dated  back  to  his  earliest  recollec- 
tions. "  From  a  child  "  he,  like  Timothy, 
"  knew  the  Scriptures,"  hence  the  readiness 
and  fluency  which  always  characterised  him 
when  quoting  from  the  sacred  volume.  He 
first  received  the  ordinary  education  obtain- 
able at  the  common  schools,  thence  attend- 
ed the  Baptist  seminary — a  high  school  or 
academy,  in  Fredericton,  N.B. — after  which 
he  sought  the  greater  facilities  for  educa- 
tion to  be  found  at  Acadia  College,  Wolf- 
ville,  N.S.,  in  order  to  be  the  better  quali- 
fied for  the  work  to  which  he  felt  himself 
called,  namely,  that  of  the  ministry.  In  1848 
the  Baptist  church  at  Maugerville,  one  of 
the  oldest  settlements  in  New  Brunswick, 
invited  Mr.  Emmerson  to  preach  to  them. 
He  continued  there  two  years.  When  at 
college  his  natural  abilities  were  observed, 
and  while  pursuing  his  studies  he  frequent- 
ly preached  at  Windsor,  N.S.,  and  else- 
where, by  request.  During  this  period  he 
wrote  a  number  of  articles  for  the  press, 
which  attracted  public  attention.  On  the 
29th  of  July,  1852,  he  was  regularly  set 
apart  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  ac- 
cepted the  pastoral  charge  of  the  church  at 
Maugerville,  Sunbury  cotmty,  N.B.  At 
this  time  he  was  nearly  twenty-six  years  of 
age.  On  the  10th  of  August,  1852,  he  mar- 
ried Augusta  A.  Read,  eldest  daughter  of 
Joseph  Read,  senior  member  of  the  firm  of 
Joseph  Read  &  Co.,  of  Minudie,  N.S.,  and 
Boston,  Mass.  From  July,  1852,  to  August, 
1856,  he  retained  the  pastoral  charge  of 
the  church  in  Maugerville.  The  records  of 
that  church  show  how  ably  and  prosperous- 
ly he  filled  that  important  office.  During 
this  period  he  read  much,  circulated  a  large 
amount  of  religious  and  intellectual  read- 
ing, wrote  for  the  public  press,  travelled  ex- 
tensively in  the  United  States,  kept  up  'pri- 
vate and  professional  studies,  and  perform- 
ed the  arduous  duties  of  the  pastor,  enjoy- 
ing frequent  revivals  which  involved  a  great 
amount  of  labor.  In  the  spring  of  1855  Mr. 
Emmerson  made  an  extensive  tour  in  the 
United  States.  While  there  he  attended 
the  general  meeting  of  the  American  Bible 
Union,  held  at  Chicago  in  May  of  that  year. 
His  letters  to  the  Christian  Visitor  (the 
organ  of  the  Baptists  in  New  Brunswick), 
descriptive  of  the  places  he  visited,  gave 
evidence  of  great  powers  of  observation, 
and  an  ability  to  take  up  the  incidents  and 
scenes  of  his  travels  and  make  them  of 
interest  to  others.  He  vastly  enjoyed  his 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


499 


intercourse  there  with  Dr.  Cone,  Dr.  Wyck- 
off,  and  others  then  eminent  in  the  Baptist 
denomination  in  the  United  States.  Pos- 
sessing a  magnetism  of  manner,  he  made 
many  warm  friends  there,  and  was  strongly 
urged  by  them  to  make  the  United  States 
his  home.  They  believed  that  his  remark- 
able ability  as  an  extempore  speaker  rend- 
ered him  peculiarly  fitted  for  the  pastorate 
of  one  of  their  city  churches,  where  extem- 
pore preaching  was  then  in  demand.  On  his 
return  home  he  received  a  call  from  a  church 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  but  his  strong  attach- 
ment to  home  and  the  provinces  prevented 
his  acceptance.  Subsequent  overtures  from 
churches  in  New  York  and  Boston  were  re- 
fused for  like  reasons.  In  November  of  the 
same  year  Mr.  Emmerson  visited  the  South- 
ern States.  While  there  he  was  solicited  to 
take  charge  of  a  church  in  Richmond,  Va., 
but  declined.  In  the  columns  of  the  Chris- 
tian Visitor  of  that  day  are  to  be  found 
many  contributions  from  his  pen.  On  the 
failure  of  Mrs.  Emmerson's  health,  he  was 
compelled  to  leave  Maugerville;  and  having 
received  a  call  from  the  First  Baptist  Church 
of  Moncton,  N.B.,  he  accepted  it,  and  re- 
moved there  on  the  1st  of  September,  1856. 
Here  was  the  scene  of  his  last  and  most  pro- 
minent labors.  Moncton  had  then  sudden- 
ly arisen  to  a  place  of  importance  among 
New  Brunswick  towns,  on  account  of  the 
railway  operations,  which  had  then  just  com- 
menced, and  of  the  shipbuilding  industry, 
which  then  flourished  there.  The  result 
was  a  large  influx  of  people,  which  gave  a 
wider  scope  and  greater  prominence  to  Mr. 
Emmerson's  labors.  The  church  soon  rose 
under  his  ministry,  and  their  house  of  wor- 
ship was  found  to  be  altogether  too  small. 
A  large  and  expensive  building  was  accord- 
ingly commenced,  and  was  finished  after 
his  death.  He  only  lived  about  a  year  after 
njoving  to  Moncton,  during  which  time  very 
many  were  added  to  the  church.  What 
promised  to  be  a  useful  and  brilliant  career 
was  too  soon  ended.  He  died  on  the  llth 
of  September,  1857,  at  the  early  age  of 
thirty  years  and  eleven  months.  His  death 
was  sudden,  being  caused  by  typhoid  fever. 
In  the  mysterious  providence  of  God  he 
was,  in  the  prime  of  manhood,  in  the  full 
vigor  of  his  ministry,  and  in  the  midst  of  a 
wide,  field  of  usefulness,  called  to  his  eter- 
nal rest.  Mr.  Emmerson  will  long  be  re- 
membered as  an  eloquent  speaker,  an  origi- 
nal thinker,  and  an  earnest  and  exemplary 


worker  in  the  cause  of  his  Master.  It  was 
much  regretted  by  his  friends  that  his  ser- 
mons were  not  prepared  for  publication, 
which  would  have  been  done  had  he  lived 
longer.  Mr.  Emmerson  left  a  widow  and 
three  children — two  sons  and  a  daughter — 
all  of  whom  are  now  living.  The  sons,  H.  R. 
Emmerson  and  F.  W.  Emmerson,  are  bar- 
risters of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Bruns- 
wick in  active  practice;  and  the  daughter  is 
Emma  Emmerson  Atkinson,  wife  of  H.  At- 
kinson, of  Moncton,  N.B.,  barrister-at-law. 
Mrs.  Atkinson  is  a  prominent  member  and 
worker  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temper- 
ance Union  of  New  Brunswick. 

Brown,  Henry  Braithwaile,  Q.O., 
LL.M.,  Sherbrooke,  Que.,  was  born  on  7th 
October,  1845,  at  Chichester,  county  of  Sus- 
sex, England.  His  parents  were  Rev.  Thomas 
Brown,  M.A.,  prebendary  of  Chichester  Ca- 
thedral, who  died  in  October,  1878,  and 
Jane  Lewis  Brown,  nee  Goodyear.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at  the 
prebendal  school,  and  received  an  excellent 
classical  education.  In  1 8  6  7  he  left  En  gland 
and  settled  in  Sherbrooke,  his  first  position 
being  that  of  principal  of  the  Sherbrooke 
Academy.  In  1886  he  was  elected  batonnier 
of  the  bar  for  St.  Francis  district,  and  is 
now  a  delegate  to  the  general  council  of  the 
bar.  He  is  also  president  of  the  Stanstead 
and  Sherbrooke  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Co., 
city  attorney  of  Sherbrooke,  and  one  of  the 
trustees  of  Compton  Ladies'  College.  In 
politics  he  is  a  consistent  Conservative,  and 
in  religion  a  staunch  adherent  of  the  Church 
of  England.  In  1872  he  was  married,  at 
Quebec,  to  Charlotte  Mary  Holwell  Bligh, 
a  daughter  of  the  late  John  Bligh  of  the 
Ordnance  department  of  the  War  office  at 
Quebec.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  De- 
cember, 1871,  received  the  degree  of  LL.M. 
from  the  University  of  Bishop's  College, 
Lennoxville,  in  1883,  and  was  appointed 
Q.C.  in  1886. 

Carforay,  Felix.  Quebec,  is  the  senior 
member  of  the  well  known  firm  of  Carbray, 
Routh  &  Co.,  commission  merchants,  of 
Quebec  and  Montreal,  and  not  only  holds  a 
good  position  in  Quebec  commercial  society, 
which  he  has  won  by  his  business  ability 
and  energy,  but  fills  a  considerable  space  in 
the  eyes  of  the  Irish  Catholic  population  of 
the  ancient  capital,  whom  he  represented  in 
the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Quebec,  from 
1881  to  1886.  As  may  be  surmised,  Mr. 
Carbray,  though  a  native  of  Canada,  is  of 


500 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Irish  extraction.  Both  of  his  parents  were 
from  the  county  Tyrone,  Ireland,  and  his 
father,  the  late  Niall  Carbray,  who  was  a 
farmer,  occupied  for  many  years  the  histor- 
ic Holland  farm,  near  the  city  of  Quebec, 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
on  the  23rd  December,  1835.  His  mother's 
maiden  name  was  Catherine  Connolly.  He 
was  also  educated  at  Quebec,  where  he  has 
resided  throughout  his  life,  though  he  has 
travelled  extensively  inAmerica  and  Europe, 
principally  on  business  connected  with  the 
trade  in  lumber,  in  which  his  house  is  en- 
gaged. He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
lumber  trade  between  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
South  America,  and  is  still  largely  interest- 
ed in  it.  In  addition  to  his  other  duties,  he 
fills  the  important  position  of  consul  of 
Portugal  at  the  port  of  Quebec.  A  Roman 
Catholic  in  religion,  Mr.  Carbray  has  been 
honored  by  the  St.  Patrick's  congregation 
of  Quebec  with  election  and  re-election  as 
one  of  the  trustees  of  their  church,  and  is 
also  a  trustee  of  that  noble  Irish  Catholic 
charity,  the  St.  Bridget's  Asylum,  of  Que- 
bec. He  has  taken  an  equally  active  and 
leading  part  in  all  the  local  national  move- 
ments of  his  fellow-countrymen,  and  has 
been  president  of  the  St.  Patrick's  Literary 
Institute,  the  Irish  National  Association, 
and  other  Irish  bodies  in  Quebec.  He  is 
a  Liberal-Conservative  in  politics,  and  at 
the  provincial  general  elections  in  1881, 
yielding  to  the  solicitations  of  his  friends, 
he  ran  as  the  party  candidate  for  the  elec- 
toral division  of  Quebec  West  and,  after  a 
hard  fight,  was  elected  by  a  good  majority 
to  represent  that  constituency  in  the  Legis- 
lative Asssembly  in  the  province.  His  par- 
liamentary career  was  very  creditable. 
Though  he  did  not  often  address  the  House, 
he  was  always  listened  to  with  the  utmost 
respect,  being  an  equally  good  speaker  and 
debater  in  both  English  and  French,  and 
never  wasting  his  powder  except  on  serious 
and  interesting  subjects  with  which  he  was 
most  conversant,  such  especially  as  ques- 
tions of  finance  and  commerce.  In  fact,  so 
marked  a  figure  was  he  in  this  respect  in 
the  legislature  from  1881  to  1886,  that  ru- 
mor frequently  connected  his  name  with  a 
cabinet  office,  and  there  is  little  doubt  that 
had  he  continued  in  public  life  and  his 
party  been  reelected  to  power  at  the  general 
elections  of  1886,  he  would  have  sooner  or 
later,  entered  the  provincial  ministry.  Dur- 
ing the  last  session  of  his  term,  he  was  the 


mover  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  re- 
solutions adopted  by  that  body  in  favor  of 
granting  Home  Rule  to  Ireland,  and  ex- 
pressing sympathy  with  Mr.  Gladstone  in 
his  efforts  to  solve  the  Irish  problem  peace- 
fully, without  dismembering  the  Empire. 
At  the  general  elections  on  the  14th  Octo- 
ber, he  again  ran  as  the  Liberal-Conserva- 
tive candidate  for  Quebec  West,  and,  though 
political  feeling  in  the  province  ran  high  at 
the  time,  owing  to  the  Riel  agitation,  was 
only  defeated  by  the  slender  majority  of 
eight  votes,  owing  largely  to  over  con- 
fidence on  the  part  of  his  friends.  Since 
then,  Mr.  Carbray  has  devoted  himself  ex- 
clusively to  the  management  of  the  large 
and  growing  business  of  his  firm.  In  May, 
1854,  he  married  Margaret,  daughter  of 
William  Carberry,  who  emigrated  to  Que- 
bec from  Carrick-on-Suir,  Waterford,  Ire- 
land, in  1847. 

Emmersoii,  Henry  Rot>ert,  LL.B., 
Dorchester,  N.B.,  was  born  at  Maugerville, 
in  the  county  of  Sun  bury,  province  of  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  25th  day  of  Septem- 
ber, 1853.  He  is  a  son  of  the  Rev.  Robert 
Henry  Emmerson,  Baptist  clergyman,  and 
Augusta  Read  Emmerson,  his  wife.  His 
grandfather,  John  Emmerson,  came  from 
England,  and  engaged  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness at  Miramichi,  N.B.  At  the  time  of  the 
great  fire  there,  in  1825,  he  lost  much  pro- 
perty, and  came  near  losing  his  life.  His 
grandfather,  on  the  mother's  side, was  Joseph 
Read,  of  Minudie,  N.S.,  of  the  firm  of  Jos- 
eph Read  &  Co.,  of  Minudie,  N.S.,  and  Bos- 
ton. Mass.  Mr.  Read  was  one  of  the  pio- 
neers in  the  grindstone  business  between  the 
provinces  and  the  United  States,  and  owned 
large  and  valuable  quarries  in  Nova  Scotia 
and  New  Brunswick  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
Our  subject  received  a  high  school  educa- 
tion at  the  following  places  : — St.  Joseph's 
College,  Memramcook,  N.B;  Amherst  Aca- 
demy, Amherst,  N.S. ;  Mount  Allison  Aca- 
demy, Sackville,  N.B. ;  Boston  English  High 
School,  Boston,  Mass.;  Horton  Collegiate 
Academy,  Wolfville,  N.S.,  and  attended 
lectures  at  Acadia  College,  Wolfville,  N.S., 
for  two  years,  pursuing  a  partial  course, 
devoting  his  time  principally  to  English, 
Latin,  French,  mathematics,  and  the  natu- 
ral sciences.  In  the  year  1871  he  went  to 
Boston  and  attended  a  commercial  college, 
and  obtained  a  position  in  the  office  of  the 
firm  founded  by  his  grandfather,  and  after- 
wards was  given  the  position  of  bookkeeper. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


501 


He  continued  in  this  position  until  1874, 
when  he  came  to  Dorchester,  N.B.,  to  pursue 
the  study  of  the  law  in  his  native  province, 
in  the  office  of  the   then    Hon.  Albert  J. 
Smith   (afterwards  Sir   Albert  J.  Smith). 
Mr.  Smith  having  given  up  his  professional 
practice  on  account  of  his  public  duties  as 
minister  of  marine  and  fisheries,  he  entered, 
in  Michajlmas  term,  1874,  as  a  student-at- 
law  in  the  office  of  Albert  J.  Hickman,  bar- 
rister, who  had  succeeded  to  Mr.  Smith' slaw 
practice.     He  read  law  with  Mr.  Hickman 
until  1876,  when  he  attended   the  Boston 
University  Law  School,  in  Boston,  Mass. 
He  graduated  in  June,  1877,  with  the  de- 
gree of  LL.B.,  and  in  Michaelmas  term,  1877, 
was  admitted  an  attorney  of  the  Supreme 
Court   of   New  Brunswick.      At  the   Law 
School  he  had  the  honor  to  carry  off  the 
prize  from  the  members  of  the  graduating 
class  of  that   year  for  the  best   essay   on 
"  The  Legal  Condition  of  Married  Women." 
This  prize,  offered  by  the  faculty  of  the  Law 
School,  was  $50.     In  November,  1877,  he 
entered  into  a  legal  copartnership  with  Mr. 
Hickman,  in  whose  office  he  had  studied. 
The  firm  of  Hickman  &  Emmerson  contin- 
ed  with  success  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Hick- 
man, in  March,  1879,  when  Mr.  Emmerson 
associated  with  Mr.  Burton  S.  Bead,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Emmerson  &  Bead.     In 
1882  Mr.  Bead  retired  from  the  practice  of 
the  law,  and  our  subject  continued  alone 
until  1886,   when  the  firm  of  Emmerson, 
Chandler  &  Chapman,  consisting  of  William 
B.  Chandler,  LL.B.,  W.  H.  Chapman  and 
himself,  was  formed.  In  1883,  on  the  death 
of  Sir  Albert  J.  Smith,  K.C.M.G.,  Mr.  Em- 
merson became  the   managing  executor  of 
his  estate,  under  his  will.      He  has  been 
closely  identified  with  the  Westmoreland 
county  Liberal  Association  for  years,  taking 
an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  party  in 
the  county  and  province.     Was  one  of  the 
owners  of  the  Daily   Transcript,  a  Liberal 
newspaper,  published  at  Moncton,N.B.,  until 
1887,  when  it  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Hawke. 
In  the  general  election  of  1887  he  was  se- 
lected by  the  Liberal  party  of  Westmoreland 
to  contest  that  county  in  the  Liberal  in- 
terest against  Mr.  Josiah  Wood,  the  Con- 
servative M.P.  for  that  county,  and  who  had 
defeated  Sir  Albert  J.  Smith  in  the  contest 
of  1882.     He  was   defeated  by  about  the 
same  majority  that  Mr.  Wood  had  over  the 
late  Sir  Albert  Smith.     The  Liberal  party 
in  this  contest  pledged  itself  to  run  the  elec- 


tion within  the  letter  and  spirit  of  the  law 
relating  to  bribery  and  corruption,  and  the 
resolution  was  most  rigidly  observed.  The 
Liberals  claimed  that  their  opponents  did 
not  observe  any  such  rule.  Mr.  Emmer- 
son has  travelled  over  a  portion  of  the  east- 
ern and  middle  States,  and  Canada.  In 
religious  belief  Mr.  Emmerson  adheres  to 
the  faith  of  his  father  and  mother,  who 
were  Baptists.  In  June,  1878,  he  married 
Emily  C.  Kecord,  only  daughter  of  C.  B. 
Becord,  iron  founder,  of  Moncton,  N.B. 
Mr.  Becord  was  one  of  the  first  to  establish 
an  iron  foundry  in  New  Brunswick  outside 
of  St.  John.  Besides  his  practice  as  counsel 
in  court,  etc.,  our  subject  has  a  large  prac- 
tice in  estate  business.  He  is  executor  un- 
der the  will  of  Thomas  Keillor,  late  of  Dor- 
chester, whose  estate  is  large.  That,  with 
Sir  Albert  Smith's  estate  and  other  estates, 
demand  much  of  his  time.  Notwithstand- 
ing his  busy  life,  Mr.  Emmerson  has  devot- 
ed considerable  of  his  time  to  public  affairs, 
having  taken  the  field  in  every  political  con- 
test since  1878.  He  is  a  speaker  of  marked 
ability,  possessing  a  magnetism  rarely  found 
in  the  public  speakers  of  the  present  day. 
He  has  also  taken  a  deep  interest  in  emi- 
gration matters,  having  instituted  or  inau- 
gurated an  emigration  scheme  from  the 
kingdom  of  Denmark  to  the  county  of  West- 
moreland, N.B.,  the  scheme  being  under  the 
direct  management  of  his  firm.  There  is 
now  being  circulated  in  Denmark  a  pamph- 
let prepared  by  them,  having  for  its  object 
the  encouragement  of  a  good  class  of  emi- 
grants to  occupy  the  new  and  unoccupied 
farms  of  that  magnificent  county.  The  ex- 
pense attending  upon  this  scheme  is  borne 
entirely  by  Mr.  Emmerson  and  his  firm.  In 
his  professional  career  Mr.  Emmerson  has 
been,  during  the  past  seven  years,  connect- 
ed with  almost  every  one  of  the  important 
suits  tried  in  Westmoreland  and  Albert  coun 
ties.  The  case  of  ex  parte  Band,  a  case 
arising  out  of  the  Scott  Act  election  of  1884, 
involving  the  question  as  to  what  "scrutiny 
of  votes  "  meant,  was  one  of  the  important 
cases  in  which  he  was  engaged,  having  been 
employed  by  the  Westmoreland  Prohibitory 
Alliance  to  look  after  their  interests  therein. 
Upon  the  advice  of  himself  and  Attorney- 
General  Blair,  the  case  was  appealed  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Canada,  with  success.  In 
November,  1887,  Mr.  W.  H.  Chapman,  one 
of  his  partners,  having  been  appointed 
clerk  of  the  county  court  of  Westmoreland, 


502 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


retired  from  the  firm,  which  is  now  Emmer- 
son  &  Chandler,  with  offices  at  Dorchester 
and  Moncton,  in  Westmoreland  county.  Mr. 
Emmerson's  talents  as  a  public  speaker  has 
led  him  to  be  frequently  called  upon  to  lec- 
ture, whith  he  occasionally  does  at  places 
within  the  county.  He  is  largely  connected 
with  the  public  enterprises  of  the  county, 
and  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  manufac- 
turing, shipping,  and  other  industrial  insti- 
tutions therein.  With  Mr.  W.  F.  George, 
of  Sackville,  he  has  been  at  the  back  of  the 
woollen  manufacturing  establishment  at 
Port  Elgin,  N.B.  Mr.  Emmerson  is  solici- 
tor for  the  Merchants'  Bank  of  Halifax,  Dor- 
chester and  Moncton,  and  from  1882  until 
1886,  when  he  resigned,  was  agent  of  the 
Bank  at  Dorchester,  not  doing  routine  work, 
but  having  a  supervision  over  and  respon- 
sibility for  the  work.  He  is  a  director  of 
the  Maritime  Baptist  Publishing  Company, 
the  company  managing  and  publishing  The 
Messenger  and  Visitor,  the  organ  of  the 
Baptists  in  the  maritime  provinces.  Our 
subject  is  a  Liberal  in  English  and  Cana- 
dian politics,  a  great  admirer  of  Gladstone 
and  of  Edward  Blake.  He  is  a  strong  ad- 
vocate of  free  and  unrestricted  trade  with 
the  United  States,  and  would  break  down 
all  customs  barriers.  His  commercial  ex- 
perience in  Boston  was  to  earn  money  to 
pursue  his  law  studies,  and  also  to  give  him- 
self an  insight  into  business  affairs,  as  a  help 
in  his  profession.  Mr.  Emmerson  has  three 
children,  the  eldest  seven  years  of  age. 

Noli n,  Charles,  Sheriff  of  St.  John's, 
Quebec,  was  born  May  18th,  1819,  in  St. 
Athanase  county,  and  district  of  Iberville. 
His  father  was  Ambroise  Nolin,  Isle  D' Or- 
leans, Quebec,  later  of  St.  Luc,  district  of 
Iberville,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  who  mar- 
ried Margaret  Morin,  of  St.  Luc.  Am- 
broise died  at  St.  Athanase,  in  1867,  while 
his  wife  lived  until  1882,  in  which  year 
she  succumbed  at  a  ripe  old  age.  Our  sub- 
ject received  a  good  commercial  education 
at  the  school  of  his  native  parish,  com- 
mencing business  on  his  own  account  as 
general  merchant,  at  St.  John's,  in  1846. 
This  business  he  carried  on  successfully  for 
fourteen  years,  and  by  strict  business  in- 
tegrity, together  with  economical  habits, 
was  enabled  to  retire  from  active  business 
pursuits.  On  the  16th  of  May,  1863,  he 
was  appointed  high  constable  of  St.  John's, 
which  position  he  held  until  1865,  when  he 
resigned  to  accept  the  office  of  deputy- 


sheriff,  which  was  then  tendered  him;  re- 
ceiving his  present  appointment  as  high 
sheriff  on  the  17th  of  November,  1873. 
Sheriff  Nolin  married,  in  1846,  Clorinthe, 
daughter  of  J.  Duquet,  of  Chateauguay, 
merchant,  and  whose  son,  Joseph,  was  one 
of  the  "  patriots  "  of  1837,  who  were  execut- 
ed along  with  Cardinal,  in  Montreal,  in 
1838.  Sheriff  Nolin  has  had  issue  eleven 
children,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living, 
one  of  his  sons  being  Professor  Alphonse 
Nolin,  who  occupies  the  classical  chair  in 
the  Ottawa  College.  C.  A.  G.  Nolin,  the 
eldest  son,  is  now  a  merchant  of  some  stand- 
ing in  Washington  territory,  U.S.  Joseph, 
another  son,  is  a  dentist,  practising  at  Ot- 
tawa. Of  his  daughters,  Marie  Louise  mar- 
ried L.  A.  Trudeau,  a  dentist,  of  St.  John's  ; 
Marie  Elmire  Clorinthe  married  Joseph  Hec- 
tor La  Rocque,  druggist,  of  the  same  place, 
and  Maria  Eudolie  married  J.  E.  Z.  Bou- 
chard, advocate,  St.  John's,  and  now  holding 
the  position  as  French  translator  to  the  gov- 
ernment of  Quebec;  the  youngest  daugh- 
ter, Rosalinda,  not  married,  lives  at  home. 
In  the  troublous  times  of  1837-8,  Mr.  Nolin 
took  part  in  the  rebellion  of  that  period,  and 
was  taken  prisoner;  he,  however,  being  more 
fortunate  than  many  of  his  comrades,  was 
discharged.  Sheriff  Nolan  is  an  adherent 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  faith,  and  an  ardent 
supporter  of  the  church  and  faith  of  his 
forefathers.  Though  now  well  advanced  in 
years,  he  is  yet  full  of  vigor,  and  delights 
in  recounting  the  more  stirring  events  of 
his  rather  eventful  life. 

MacKinnon,  Tristiam  A.,  General 
Superintendent  of  the  Ontario  and  Atlantic 
Division  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway, 
has  his  office  in  Montreal.  Mr.  Mackin- 
non  belongs  to  that  hardy,  virtuous  and 
thrifty  stock  of  Scotch-Irish,  who,  to  the 
best  qualities  of  the  race  from  which  they 
sprang,  have  added  something  of  the  im- 
petuosity, quick-wittedness  and  capacity 
for  adapting  themselves  to  new  situa- 
tions, which  distinguish  the  Hibernian  Celt. 
It  is  a  stock  that  has  been  ably  repre- 
sented in  North  America.  Both  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  a  consider- 
able proportion  of  the  most  prominent  citi- 
zens in  all  walks  of  public  and  private  life 
have  been  proud  to  belong  to  it :  President 
Buchanan,  Motley,  the  historian  ;  the  ill- 
fated  Montgomery,  the  scene  of  whose 
death  is  one  of  the  points  of  interest  to  the 
stranger  visiting  Quebec  ;  the  Workman 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


503 


family  of  Toronto  and  Montreal,  the  late  Sir 
Francis  Hincks,  Bishop  Charles  Hamilton 
and  his  brother,  the  Hon.  John  Hamilton, 
and  others  that  will,  doubtless,  at  once  oc- 
cur to  the  reader,  men  as  are  by  birth  or 
descent,  members  of  the  same  vigorous  and 
progressive  race.  Mr.  MacKinnon  was  born 
in  Ireland,  on  the  7th  of  August,  1844.  He 
did  not  enter  the  railway  service  at  so  early 
a  stage  in  his  career  as  some  of  his 
colleagues  who  have,  like  himself,  risen  to 
distinction.  He  had  attained  the  years  of 
mature  manhood  when,  in  December,  1868, 
he  was  offered  and  accepted  the  position  of 
clerk  and  time-keeper  in  the  Passumpsic 
Eailroad  shops  at  Lynderville,  Vermont. 
His  merit  was  quickly  recognized.  In  1871 
he  became  superintendent's  clerk  and  act- 
ing superintendent  on  the  same  line,  and 
remained  in  that  twofold  capacity  in  connec- 
tion with  the  road  until  August,  1873,  when 
he  was  made  superintendent  of  theBrockville 
and  Ottawa  and  Canada  Central  Railways. 
In  October,  1880,  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  assistant  general  manager  of  the 
South  Eastern  Railway,  in  which  position 
he  acquitted  himself  With  such  satisfaction 
to  the  company  and  the  .public  that  it  was 
deemed  to  the  advantage  of  both  to  give 
him  entire  charge  of  the  administration. 
Finally,  on  the  transfer  of  the  South  East- 
ern Railway  to  the  Canadian  Pacific  com- 
pany, he  was  appointed  (1st  October,  1886), 
general  superintendent  of  the  Ontario  and 
Atlantic  division  of  that  great  line,  and  no 
person,  directly  or  indirectly  connected 
with  the  road,  has  had  reason  to  regret  his 
promotion. 

Smith,  William,  M.P.  for  South  On- 
tario, Columbus,  Ontario,  was  born  in  the 
township  of  East  Whitby,  November  16th, 
1847,  is  the  son  of  William  Smith  and  Eliza- 
beth Laing,  his  wife,  natives  of  Morayshire, 
Scotland.  He  was  educated  at  the  public 
school,  Columbus,  and  Upper  Canada  Col- 
lege, Toronto.  He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 
6th  company  (Brooklin),  34th  battalion 
V.  M.  I.  for  a  number  of  years.  He  has 
been  a  trustee  of  Columbus  public  school 
since  1869  ;  was  president  of  the  South  On- 
tario Agricultural  Society  in  1881  ;  deputy 
reeve  of  the  township  of  East  Whitby  from 
1878  to  end  of  1882  ;  reeve  from  1883  to 
end  of  1886  ;  and  is  now  vice-president  of 
the  Clydesdale  Association  of  Canada.  He 
belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  having  joined 
November  llth,  1887.  He  has  always  taken 


an  active  part  in  both  municipal  and  politi- 
cal affairs,  and  was  defeated  for  the  House 
of  Commons  in  June,  1882,  by  fifty,  but 
was  successful  at  the  last  general  election 
in  1887.  In  politics  he  is  a  Conservative  ; 
in  religion  a  Presbyterian.  He  was  married 
May  25th,  1880,  to  Helen  Burns,  daughter 
of  the  late  James  Burns,  farmer,  of  the 
township  of  East  Whitby.  Mr.  Smith  is  a 
farmer,  and  has  lived  on  the  same  farm 
since  his  birth.  He  takes  a  great  interest 
in  Clydesdale  horses,  Durham  cattle,  and 
Cotswold  sheep. 

Power,  II on. Lawrence  Oeoffrey, 
LL.B.,  was  born  in  Halifax,  N.  S.,  on  the 
9th  of  August,  1841.  His  father,  the  late 
Mr.  Patrick  Power,  was  a  prominent  figure 
in  Nova  Scotia  politics  and  represented  the 
county  of  Halifax  in  the  House  of  Commons 
from  1867  to  1878,  with  the  exception  of  the 
period  between  the  general  elections  of  1872 
and  1874.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  be- 
gan his  school  life  at  a  day  school  taught 
in  the  basement  of  St.  Patrick's  church,  at 
Halifax,  by  an  old  gentleman  named  Mc- 
Donald. This  teacher  having  removed  to 
an  Acadian  village  called  Chezzetcooke, 
some  twenty-four  miles  from  the  city,  his 
pupil,  then  eight  years  old,  followed  him, 
and  remained  under  his  care  for  about  nine 
months  longer.  Shortly  after  his  return  to 
Halifax  he  became  a  pupil  in  St.  Mary's 
College,  where  he  remained  for  some  seven 
years.  Amongst  his  teachers  during  this 
time  were  the  Very  Rev.  Monsignor  Power, 
lately  deceased  ;  the  Rev.  Canon  Woods, 
now  of  Rockingham,  Halifax  county;  and 
the  Rev.  Joseph  P.  Roles,  now  a  prominent 
personage  in  the  diocese  of  Chicago.  Leav- 
ing Halifax  in  the  Cunard  steamer  Europa, 
in  February,  1858,  after  short  visits  to  Lon- 
don and  some  other  English  cities,  he  en- 
tered St.  Patrick's  Lay  College,  Carlow, 
Ireland,  in  the  middle  of  March.  At  the 
midsummer  examination  he  took  a  good 
place;  and  at  the  close  of  the  next  scholas- 
tic year,  in  July,  1859,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  with  three  others,  went  over  to  Eng- 
land and  passed  the  matriculation  examin- 
ation of  the  University  of  London.  Two 
of  the  four  candidates,  hailing  respectively 
from  Australia  and  India,  were  placed  in 
the  second  division,  while  a  representative 
of  Ireland  and  Mr.  Power  succeeded  in 
getting  into  the  first.  It  was  a  somewhat 
curious  circumstance  that  one  compara- 
tively small  Irish  college  should  have  sent 


504 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


to  the  same  examination,  in  London,  four 
candidates,  each  representing  a  separate 
continent.  In  October,  1859,  Mr.  Power 
matriculated  at  the  Catholic  University  of 
Ireland,  and  became  an  inmate  of  St.  Pat- 
rick's House,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 
Here  he  was  a  regular  attendant  at  the 
various  lectures  for  students  of  his  year, 
and  passed  the  various  terminal  examina- 
tions creditably.  The  long  vacation  of  1860 
was  spent  in  France,  and  the  ensuing  scho- 
lastic year  was  devoted  chiefly  to  continu- 
ous and  earnest  study.  At  the  close  of  the 
year  he  took  the  degree  of  Scholar  at  the 
Catholic  University,  and  was  placed  first  in 
each  of  the  five  classes  in  which  he  under- 
went terminal  examinations.  At  the  con- 
clusion of  the  Dublin  examinations,  Mr. 
Power  went  to  London,  underwent  the  first 
B. A.  examination  in  the  University,  and  was 
placed  in  the  first  division.  He  was  also 
one  of  six  successful  candidates  at  an  ex- 
amination for  honors  in  Latin,  held  subse- 
quently. While  in  Dublin,  Mr.  Power  was 
an  active  member  and  secretary  of  the  De- 
bating and  Literary  Society  conducted  by 
the  students  of  the  University;  and  in  July, 
1861,  was  the  winner  of  a  silver  medal 
awarded  for  the  best  English  essay  on  a 
given  historical  subject.  In  a  debate  which 
had  taken  place  some  time  before,  he  could 
find  only  one  member  who  agreed  with  him 
in  advocating  the  right  of  the  Southern 
States  to  secede  from  the  American  Union. 
In  the  month  of  October,  1861,  he  returned 
to  Halifax,  and  entered  his  father's  employ 
with  a  view  of  qualifying  himself  for  the 
business  of  a  merchant.  A  few  months' 
experience  satisfied  him  that  his  vocation 
was  not  to  mercantile  life,  and  in  the  fall 
of  1862  he  began  the  study  of  the  law  as 
an  articled  clerk  in  the  office  of  J.  W.  & 
J.  N.  Ritchie.  In  the  beginning  of  Septem- 
ber, 1864,  he  became  a  student  at  the  Law 
School  of  Harvard  College,  where  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws  in 
January,  1866.  Although  not  a  hard  stu- 
dent, he  attended  the  lectures  of  the  profes- 
sors of  that  day — Joel  Parker,  Emory  Wash- 
burn,  and  Theophilus  Parsons — very  regu- 
larly, and  was  generally  present  at  the 
meetings  of  the  Law  School  Parliament, 
which  met  fortnightly  during  term  time. 
His  first  speech  in  this  parliament  was 
shortly  after  his  entering  the  Law  School, 
when  he  stood  up  alone  to  defend  England 
against  bitter  attacks  made  upon  her  for  the 


way  in  which  she  discharged  her  duties  as 
a  neutral  during  the  civil  war  in  the  United 
States.  As  showing  the  American  love  of 
free  speech,  it  may  be  added  that  he  spoke 
without  interruption,  and  was  applauded 
when  he  closed.  Among  his  class-mates  at 
the  Law  School  were  Mr.  Fairchild,  now 
secretary  of  the  United  States  treasury,  and 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  jr.,  at  present  a 
judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachu- 
setts. Eeturning  home  in  January,  1866, 
he  completed  his  course  of  legal  study,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  December  of  the 
same  year.  Since  that  time  he  has  contin- 
ued to  practise  law  in  his  native  city.  From 
an  early  day  he  took  a  warm  interest  in 
politics,  and  before  being  admitted,  wrote 
several  articles  for  the  Halifax  Chronicle 
against  the  proposed  confederation  of  the 
British  North  American  provinces.  Dur- 
ing several  months  after  his  admission,  he 
was  a  frequent  editorial  contributor  to  the 
Chronicle  and  the  Citizen.  In  1867,  and 
again  in  1871  and  1875,  he  was  elected  clerk 
assistant  and  clerk  of  bills  to  the  House  of 
Assembly  of  Nova  Scotia.  In  this  capacity 
it  was  his  lot  to  draw  up  several  important 
bills,  including  the  Nova  Scotia  Medical 
Act,  and  the  act  defining  the  powers  and 
privileges  of  the  Provincial  Legislature.  In 
1869  he  was  appointed  a  commissioner  of 
schools  for  the  city  of  Halifax,  an  office 
which  he  filled  for  ten  years.  In  1870  he 
was  elected  an  alderman  for  ward  Three,  and 
served  the  usual  term  of  three  years.  In 
1874  he  re-entered  the  city  council,  where 
he  remained  until  October,  1877.  In  1873 
and  1874  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  pre- 
paration of  the  Fourth  Series  of  the  Revised 
Statutes  of  Nova  Scotia,  ani,  in  1876,  was 
associated  with  the  present  minister  of  jus- 
tice in  the  preparation  of  a  volume  contain- 
ing the  laws  and  ordinances  relating  to  the 
city  of  Halifax.  In  the  beginning  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1877,  he  was  called  to  the  Senate  to 
fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  non-attend- 
ance of  Sir  Edward  Kenny.  This  appoint- 
ment Mr.  Power  had  at  first  declined,  but 
after  further  consideration,  decided  to  ac- 
cept. The  seat  in  the  Senate  was  indirectly 
the  result  of  a  letter  over  the  signature,  "An 
Ultramontane,"  published  in  the  Toronto 
Globe,  in  March,  1876.  This  letter,  which 
dealt  with  the  hostile  attitude  assumed  by 
the  then  Bishop  of  Montreal  (Monseigneur 
Bourget),  and  some  other  Catholic  prelates 
and  clergymen,  to  the  Liberal  party,  at- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


505 


tracted  at  the  time  of  its  publication  much 
attention.  Probably  his  most  important 
literary  work  since  that  time  is  "  A  Plea  for 
the  Senate,"  a  defence  of  the  House  of 
which  he  is  a  member,  contained  in  two  let- 
ters to  the  Toronto  Globe,  published  in  Jan- 
uary and  February,  1881.  He  is  also  the 
author  of  a  paper  entitled,  "  Vinland,"  an 
account  of  the  Norse  discovery  of  America, 
read  before  the  Nova  Scotia  Historical  So- 
ciety in  the  winter  of  1887.  Mr.  Power 
drafted  the  charter  of  the  University  of 
Halfax,  established  by  statute  in  1876, 
and  from  that  time  until  the  practical  ex- 
tinction of  the  institution,  owing  to  the 
withdrawal  of  the  provincial  grant  by  the 
Holmes  government,  in  1879,  was  an  active 
and  prominent  member  of  the  senate  of  the 
University,  and  an  examiner  in  the  Faculty 
of  Law.  Owing,  in  a  £  reat  measure,  to  the 
numerical  weakness  of  the  Liberal  party  in 
the  Senate  of  Canada,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  has,  since  his  appointment,  taken  a 
very  active  part  in  the  business  of  the  House 
and  its  committees.  While  called  upon  to 
speak  on  subjects  of  every  kind,  he  has 
given  special  attention  to  constitutional 
questions,  railways,  and  the  fisheries. 
Among  his  most  important  speeches  may 
be  mentioned  one  made  in  the  session  of 
1879,  in  which  were  pointed  out,  for  the 
first  time  in  parliament,  the  many  advan- 
tages of  the  Sault  Ste.  Marie  route  for  a 
railway  to  the  North- West  ;  one  in  1880 
against  the  Deceased  Wife's  Sister  Bill  ; 
one  in  1884  on  the  disproportion  between 
the  expenditure  on  the  Intercolonial  Rail- 
way and  the  receipts  from  that  work  ;  one 
on  the  question  of  Prohibition,  and  another 
on  the  route  of  the  proposed  "  short  line  " 
railway  from  Montreal  to  the  Lower  Pro- 
vinces, in  1885  ;  one  made  during  the  dis- 
cussion arising  out  of  the  proposal  to  take 
Senator  O'Donohoe  into  the  Cabinet,  in 
1886  ;  and  one  made  in  the  session  of  1887 
on  a  resolution  introduced  by  Mr.  Power, 
and  unanimously  adopted  by  the  Senate,  to 
the  effect  that  in  any  negotiations  for  the 
admission  of  United  States  fishermen  to  the 
territorial  waters  of  Canada  care  should  be 
taken  that  when  admitted  they  should  be 
subject  to  the  laws  and  regulations  govern- 
ing our  own  fishermen.  Amongst  other 
parliamentary  work  done  by  the  subject  of 
this  notice  during  recent  years  may  be 
mentioned  the  drafting  of  the  Nova  Scotia 
Married  Woman's  Property  Act,  which  be- 


came law  in  1884.  Outside  of  politics,  he 
has  taken  an  active  interest  in  various  local 
matters  of  a  public  character,  and  is  now  a 
commissioner  of  schools  for  his  native  city; 
a  commissioner  of  the  Provincial  Library; 
a  director  of  the  Victoria  School  of  Art;  a 
director  of  the  Halifax  Visiting  Dispensary ; 
one  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Hali- 
fax Ratepayers'  Association  ;  and  a  member 
of  the  Nova  Scotia  Historical  Society  and  of 
the  Wanderers'  Athletic  Association,  as  well 
as  of  certain  associations  connected  with  the 
Roman  Catholic  church.  Although  not  a 
man  of  extreme  views,  but  rather  a  conserva- 
tive Liberal,  Mr.  Power  has  been  consistent 
and  resolute  in  his  loyalty  to  the  Reform 
party,  and  in  his  opposition  to  Liberal-Con- 
servatism. His  theory  of  government  is 
that  each  individual,  each  family,  each  ham- 
let, village,  town,  city,  county  and  province, 
should  have  the  greatest  liberty  and  self- 
government  consistent  with  the  safety  of 
the  common  country,  and  that  the  business 
of  government  should  be  carried  on  accord- 
ing to  the  same  principles  which  are  adopt- 
ed by  prudent  men  in  managing  their  own 
affairs.  He  thinks  that  the  powers  of  the  cen- 
tral government  in  Canada  are  greater  than 
they  should  be,  and  that  the  machinery  of 
that  government  is  complicated,  cumbrous, 
ineffective  and  expensive,  to  a  lamentable 
degree.  If  these  defects  and  abuses  were 
removed,  and  the  tariff  framed  in  the  inter- 
ests of  the  mass  of  the  population  instead 
of  as  now  in  the  interests  of  a  very  small 
minority,  he  thinks  that  the  natural  advan- 
tages of  our  country  would  ere  long  have 
the  effect  of  largely  increasing  our  wealth, 
population,  and  our  importance  in  the  eyes 
of  the  outside  world.  Mr.  Power  was  mar- 
ried on  the  23rd  of  June,  1880,  to  Susan, 
daughter  of  Mr.  M.  O'Leary,  of  Noodi- 
quoddy,  Halifax  county. 

Mcl>oimtd,  Rev.  Clinton  Donald, 
B.A.,  B.L.,  B.D^  M.A.,  Ph.B.,  B.Sc.,  Pastor 
of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Thorold, 
Ontario,  was  born  in  the  city  of  Glasgow, 
Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  on  the  17th  June, 
1842.  His  father,  Angus  McDonald,  and 
his  mother,  Mary  McDonald,  both  belonged 
to  the  Clan  McDonald,  of  Glencoe,  Inver- 
ness-shire, and  had  moved  to  Glasgow 
shortly  before  the  birth  of  their  only  son. 
In  Glasgow,  Angus  McDonald,  a  stalwart 
Highlander,  over  six  feet  in  height,  served 
for  several  years  in  the  city  police  force, 
and  afterwards  removed  to  the  village  of 


506 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Dalmuir,  in  Dumbartonshire,  where  he  was 
employed   in    Tennant's    chemical    works, 
and  here  he  died.     Both  his  parents  died 
before  Clinton  had  seen  his   tenth  birth- 
day, and  thus  the  orphan  boy,  with  his 
only  sister,  were  thrown  upon  the  world  to 
push  their  way  the  best  they  could.     For 
five  or  six   years  Clinton   spent   his  time 
among  the  farmers  in  the  parishes  of  Old 
Kilpatrick,  Cardross,  and  Bow  ;  and  having 
saved  a  little  money  he  emigrated  to  Cana- 
da.    Shortly  after  his  arrival  he  found  em- 
ployment as  a  farm  hand  in  the  county  of 
Huron,  and  worked  there  for  about  three 
years  as  such.     Being  addicted  to  no  vices, 
steady,  moral,  and  frugal  in  his  habits,  he 
had  in  these  few  years  acquired  sufficient 
money  to  enable  him  to  obtain  that  which 
of  all  things  he  had  long  desired,  namely,  a 
better  education.    With  this  object  in  view, 
he  gathered   together  his  worldly  posses- 
sions, and  started  from  the  backwoods  of 
the  township  of  Hullett,  and  took  up  his 
abode  in  the  town  of  Clinton.     Here  he 
entered  the  public  school,  then  taught  by 
John  McFaul,  where  he  continued   for   a 
year,  and  then  spent  another  year  in  the 
High  school  taught  by  George  Argo,  B.A. 
When  he  first  entered  school  he  had  but  the 
slightest  knowledge  of  geography  and  gram- 
mar, and  only  the  most  elementary  rules  in 
arithmetic,  yet  at  the  end  of  these  two  years 
he  had  made  such  rapid  progress  that,  at 
the  examination  for  teachers  in  the  county 
of  Huron,  he  obtained  a  first  class  teachers' 
certificate.     He  then  took  up  teaching  as  a 
profession,  and  for  about  two  years  success- 
fully prosecuted  this  work.     But  the  desire 
for  a  still  higher  education  had  taken  such 
possession  of  his  mind  that  he  determined 
to  still  further  prosecute  his  studies.     He 
entered  Knox  College,  Toronto,  and  having 
passed  its  full  literary  and  classical  courses, 
entered  Toronto  University,  and  passed  the 
first  three  of  its  five  examinations  in  the 
Arts  course.     Before  completing  the  Arts 
course  in  the  university  he  entered  the  di- 
vinity hall  of  Knox  College  to  study  The- 
ology, and  on  the  completion  of  this  course 
he  entered  the  ministry.    During  his  college 
course,  which  lasted  about  six  years,  the  Rev. 
Mr.  McDonald  gained  marked  distinction, 
and  at  the  competitive  examinations  carried 
off  so  many  of  the  cash  prizes  that  he  was 
able  thereby  to  pay  all  the  costs  of  his  col- 
lege career.     In  1877,  the  congregation  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  church  of  Thorold 


etiflled  the  Rev.  Mr.  McDonald,  who  at  that 
time  had  charge  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
at  Point  Edward,  near  Sarnia,  to  become  its 
pastor,  and  since  then  the  church  has  had  a 
very  successful  career.  The  population  of 
Thorold,  through  the  completion  of  certain 
public  works  in  its  vicinity,  is  now  about 
one  thousand  less  than  it  was  when  Rev. 
Mr.  McDonald  went  there,  yet  though  the 
number  of  people  in  the  town  is  much 
less,  the  number  of  members  in  the  Presby- 
terian church  is  much  greater;  that  is, 
while  the  population  has  fallen  from  about 
three  thousand  down  to  two  thousand,  yet 
the  number  of  members  in  the  church  has 
risen  from  ninety -nine  up  to  one  hundred 
and  eighty.  Looking  at  the  facts  above 
stated,  we  may  fairly  conclude  that  Rev. 
Mr.  McDonald  is  evidently  a  man  of  push 
and  perseverance,  and  we  predict  for  him  a 
highly  honourable  career,  such  an  one  as 
must  fall  to  the  lot  of  a  man  who  has  thus 
steadily  worked  himself  up  to  his  present 
position  in  the  church. 

Colriwell,  Albert  Edward,  M.A., 
Professor  of  Natural  Science,  Acadia  Col- 
lege, Wolfville,  N.S.,  was  born  at  Gaspereau, 
King's  county,  N.S.,  September  18th,  1841. 
The  Coldwell  family  is  of  English  origin, 
the  family  name  in  its  present  form  having 
been  handed  down  for  some  centuries.  Mr. 
Coldwell's  great  great-grandfather  came  to 
Nova  Scotia  from  New  England  and  took 
up  lands  in  the  beautiful  valley  of  the  Gas- 
pereau. Many  of  his  descendants  are  now 
living  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  Our  sub- 
ject's father  was  Ebenezer  Coldwell  and  his 
mother  Mary  Stevens,  also  a  well  known 
family  in  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Coldwell's  ma- 
ternal uncle,  Rev.  James  Stevens,  was 
widely  known  and  respected,  not  only  in 
Nova  Scotia  but  outside  of  it,  as  a  promi- 
nent member  of  the  Baptist  ministry,  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death  which  occurred  at  a 
ripe  old  age.  Mr.  Coldwell  was  educated  at 
Horton  Collegiate  Academy  and  Acadia 
College.  He  pursued  the  general  classical 
course,  graduating  B.A.  (with  honours)  in 
1869.  At  the  end  of  Sophomore  year  he 
won  the  monthly  essay  prize  and  in  his  senior 
year  the  Alumni  essay  prize  of  $40  open 
to  all  undergraduates.  Obtained  his  M.A. 
degree  in  Ib72.  In  1877,  Mr.  Coldwell  won 
the  Vaughan  prize  of  £20  sterling  for  the 
best  essay  on  the  History  of  Acadia  Col- 
lege. This  history  is  published  in  the  me- 
morial volume  issued  by  the  college  in  1881, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


507 


and  apart  from  its  historical  value  is  a  gem 
of  literary  excellence.  Prof.  Coldwell  has 
not  been  satisfied  with  education  derived 
from  books  alone,  but  has  travelled  some- 
what extensively  and  thereby  came  into  im- 
mediate contact  with  the  scholars  of  other 
countries.  For  a  short  time  he  resided  in 
London,  making  the  most  of  his  opportuni- 
ties, and  he  is  also  familiar  with  the  centres 
of  thought  in  the  eastern  and  middle  States. 
It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  he  is  a 
Baptist.  He  also  married  into  a  well  known 
family  of  that  denomination,  his  wife  being 
Jessie,  a  daughter  of  W.  J.  Higgins,  and 
niece  of  Professor  Higgins,  of  Acadia  Col- 
lege, and  also  of  Eev.  Dr.  Higgins,  pastor 
of  the  Wolfville  Baptist  Church.  In  Janu- 
ary, 1871,  Mr.  Coldwell  was  appointed  in- 
structor in  mathematics  in  Horton  Collegiate 
Academy,  which  post  he  filled  until  1882, 
when  he  was  appointed  instructor  in  Natural 
Science  in  Acadia  College.  In  Juney  1884, 
he  was  appointed  professor  in  that  depart- 
ment, which  position  he  still  holds.  Prof. 
Cold  well's  reputation  does  not  rest  alone 
upon  his  connection  with  Acadia,  but  in 
consequence  of  the  special  attention  he  has 
given  to  science  studies  since  graduating 
he  is  rapidly  gaining  a  name  for  himself  in 
the  scientific  world. 

Spencer,  Charles  Worthlngton, 
Montreal,  general  superintendent  eastern 
division  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  was  born 
on  the  31st  October,  1857,  at  Kemptville, 
Ont.  He  would  confer  no  small  service  on 
mankind,  and  especially  on  that  portion  of 
it  which  constitutes  the  business  world  of 
our  modern  civilization,  who  would  set 
forth,  in  the  form  of  "brief  biographies," 
the  stages  by  which  men  attain  success  in 
the  various  walks  of  active  life.  Soldiers, 
statesmen,  litterateurs,  men  of  science, 
scholars,  and  churchmen,  who  have  achieved 
distinction,  rarely  lack  pens  to  celebrate 
their  courage,  their  genius,  their  learning 
and  their  discoveries.  Their  names  become 
household  words  in  the  professions  or  oc- 
cupations by  which  they  have  risen  to  fame, 
so  that  those  who  succeed  them  in  the  same 
path  of  effort  are  at  no  loss  for  examples  by 
which  to  shape  their  own  careers.  In  the 
vast  range  of  multifarious  activity — the 
world  of  commerce  and  skilled  industry,  the 
world  of  railroads  and  steamships,  to  which 
our  age  is  mainly  indebted  for  its  practical 
progress — it  is  unfortunately  otherwise. 
Hundreds  of  the  men  who  have  blessed 


their  kind  while  advancing  their  own  in- 
terest— who  have  opened  up  new^  fields  of 
human  labor,  who  have  broadened  the 
realm  of  trade,  and,  by  inventions,  adapta- 
tions and  administrative  talent,  have 
brought  communities,  severed  by  thou- 
sands of  miles,  into  friendly  contiguity,  and 
given  facility,  safety  and  comfort  to  the  in- 
tercourse between  nation  and  nation — have 
been  allowed  to  pass  away  with  hardly  a 
record  of  their  existence,  and  still  oftener 
without  any  worthy  memorial  of  their  ser- 
vices to  their  fellowmen.  To  the  young 
man  just  beginning  life,  such  a  biographi- 
cal collection,  based  on  the  careers  of  men 
who  by  the  faithful  and  conscientious  use  of 
natural  and  acquired  advantages  had  won 
for  themselves  a  name  and  position  in  their 
chosen  path  of  endeavors,  would  be  of  un- 
told value.  He  would  learn  what  qualities 
to  accentuate,  what  dangers  to  avoid,  how 
best  to  avail  himself  of  opportunities  as 
they  offered,  and,  in  time,  how,  by  serving 
faithfully,  to  fit  himself  eventually  for  the 
task  of  supervision  and  command.  When 
such  a  work,  or  series  of  works  (as  this),  is 
given  to  the  public,  there  is  one  name  which 
it  is  sure  to  include  in  its  list  of  examples, 
that  which  stands  at  the  head  of  this  me- 
moir. Charles  Worthin  gton  Spencer,  general 
superintendent  of  the  eastern  division  of  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  has  the  peculiar 
distinction  of  being  the  youngest  man  in 
his  profession  who  fills  so  high  and  respon- 
sible a  position.  To  what  gifts  and  ener- 
gies he  owes  his  promotion  those  who  have 
the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance  need  not 
be  informed.  Able,  courteous,  with  a  men- 
tal grasp  that  can  take  in  wide  surveys, 
without  at  the  same  time  neglecting  de- 
tails, he  has  risen  step  by  step  to  the  exalt- 
ed place  which  he  occupies  with  a  rapidity 
rarely,  if  ever,  paralleled  on  any  of  our  great 
American  lines.  Mr.  Spencer,  at  the  pre- 
sent time,  1888,  is  only  in  his  thirty-first 
year.  He  entered  the  railway  service  on  the 
7th  day  of  May,  1871,  and  was  operator  and 
clerk  at  the  Ottawa  station  until  May,  1874, 
when  be  became  assistant  agent.  He  then 
passed  successively  through  the  stages  of 
assistant  train  despatcher,  chief  train  de- 
spatcher,  traffic  superintendent,  assistant 
superintendent,  and  assistant  general  super- 

ntendent.      From   1st   August,    1884,    to 
30th  April,  1885,  he  was  assistant  general 

uperintendent  of  the  eastern  division;  from 
the  latter  date  to  27th  September,  1886,  he 


508 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


was  assistant  general  superintendent  of  the 
eastern  and  Ontario  divisions.  From  the 
latter  date  to  25th  September,  1887,  he  was 
acting  general  superintendent  of  the  same 
division.  On  the  date  last  mentioned  he  re- 
ceived the  important  appointment  which  he 
still  holds,  that  of  general  superintendent  of 
the  eastern  division.  The  whole  of  Mr.  Spen- 
cer's experience  was  gained  in  Canada,  and 
in  connection  with  the  great  enterprise  to 
which  he  is  still  so  honorably  attached.  If 
Canada  has  reason  to  be  proud  of  her  in- 
dustry and  commerce,  which  of  late  have  so 
grand  a  development,  she  owes  her  progress 
in  those  respects  to  her  great  public  works 
and  improvements,  her  chain  of  canals  and 
net-work  of  railways,  which  same  have 
made  inter-communication  possible.  Of 
these,  the  C.  P.  K.  takes  the  acknowledged 
lead,  and  of  the  men  to  whom  that  great 
route  is  indebted  for  that  perfection  of 
equipment  and  administration  which  have 
won  it  the  public  confidence  at  home  and  the 
admiration  of  foreigners,  not  the  least 
worthy  of  grateful  recognition  is  Charles 
Worthington  Spencer. 

Tetrcau,  Rev.  F.,  was  bom  at  St. 
Hyacinthe,  on  October  llth,  1819.  His 
parents  were  honest  farmers.  Left  an  or- 
phan when  very  young,  his  grandparents 
carefully  watched  over  his  earliest  educa- 
tion. At  the  age  of  twelve  years,  under  the 
kind  and  generous  protection  of  the  cur£  of 
his  parish,  he  entered  and  commenced  his 
classical  studies  at  the  St.  Hyacinthe  Col- 
lege, and  there  terminated  them  with  great 
success  in  1838,  in  the  midst  of  such  distin- 
guished men  as  the  present  Lieutenant- 
Oovernor  of  Ontario  and  the  Archbishop  of 
St.  Boniface.  After  mature  reflection,  this 
young  philosopher  became  a  priest,  and 
consecrated  his  life  to  the  care  and  instruc- 
tion of  the  young  of  that  institution,  which 
so  deservedly  merited  all  his  gratitude  and 
devotion.  One  day  his  bishop  remarked  to 
him,  "  Be  a  pillar  of  the  seminary."  This 
remark  became  an  order,  accepted  and  car- 
ried out  in  its  fullest  extent.  For  more  than 
half  a  century  the  "  pillar  "  has  been  in  its 
place,  and  has  only  bowed  to  the  inevitable 
march  of  time,  and  Providence  has  blessed 
him,  and  crowned  his  ripe  years  with  success. 
The  aged  priest  has  the  energy  and  ardor  of 
his  younger  days,  leading  a  uniform  life, 
and  filling  all  the  necessary  duties  of  a  col- 
lege professor.  He  has  practised  in  his  de- 
portment the  ascetic  maxim,  "  Ama  nes- 


ciri  et  pro  nihilo  reputari"  This  maxim 
did  not  prevent  him  keeping  up  kindly 
relations  with  his  brothers  in  religion  or  his 
old  pupils,  all  deeply  attached  to  the  cradle 
of  their  intellectual  life.  He  was  also  much 
interested  in  the  young  writers  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe, as  well  as  elsewhere,  Oscar  Dunn 
being  one  of  those  of  whom  he  retains  an 
intimate  and  indelible  remembrance.  Who 
knows  but  that  the  old  priest,  in  the  exub- 
erance of  his  youth,  was  guilty  of  many 
press  delinquincies  ?  Whether  he  was  on  the 
side  of  the  press  or  not,  it  is  certain  he  has 
written  a  great  deal.  Since  1849  he  has 
chronicled,  collected  and  made  note  of  every 
event  of  importance  which  has  taken  place 
in  the  world,  particularly  in  Canada,  but 
more  especially  at  St.  Hyacinthe  and  the 
college.  As  every  change  occurs,  it  has 
been  carefully  committed  to  writing  day  by 
day,  and  these  memoirs  in  the  future  will 
serve  as  a  foundation  for  local  history. 
Those  who  have  had  the  privilege  of  seeing 
the  manuscript  agree  that  it  is  most  valu- 
able.  After  this  short  and  condensed  notice, 
it  will  easily  be  understood  that  the  Rev.  F. 
Tetreau  has  been  one  of  the  usefel  workers 
of  this  earth,  and  his  life  a  general  benefit 
to  his  fellow-creatures,  always  practising  the 
maxim,  "  Ama  nesciri  et  pro  nihilo  repu- 
tari." 

Fry,  Edward  Carey  (Henry  Fry  & 
Co.,  of  Quebec)  was  born  in  Bristol,  the 
commercial  capital  of  the  west  of  England, 
on  the  24th  June,  1842.  Although,  like 
many  others  of  our  prominent  men  in  the 
various  walks  of  life,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  was  not  born  in  Canada,  he  is,  never- 
theless, by  commercial  training,  more  than 
thirty  years'  residence  in  the  country,  and 
also  by  marriage,  a  typical  Anglo-Canadian. 
He  is  one  of  the  leading  members  of  Que- 
bec commercial  society.  His  parents  were 
of  the  middle  class  in  life,  but  still  possess- 
ed of  sufficient  means  to  give  their  nume- 
rous family  the  elements  of  a  good  sound 
English  commercial  education.  His  surname 
at  once  suggests  some  connection  with 
the  Society  of  Friends  commonly  known  as 
"  Quakers,"  and  with  good  reason,  for  his 
immediate  ancestors  were  certainly  of  that 
denomination,  while  there  is  little  doubt 
that  those  more  remote  were  of  the  band 
who  left  England  for  these  shores  to 
avoid  religious  persecution,  and  who  ap- 
pear to  have  settled  in  New  Brunswick,  as 
the  name  is  well  known  around  St.  Stephen's 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


509 


to  this  day.  In  fact,  when  Mr.  Fry's  elder 
brother,  Henry,  first  landed  there  in  1853, 
the  first  person  to  address  him  bore  exactly 
the  same  name  as  himself,  and  with  little 
difficulty  they  traced  their  descent  to  a  com- 
mon ancestor.  A  Peter  Fry  left  New  Bruns- 
wick and  settled  in  the  county  of  Somerset, 
England,  where  he  became  the  founder  of 
that  branch  of  the  family,  and  numerous  are 
the  mural  tablets  in  the  picturesque  village 
churches  of  that  county  to  the  memory  of 
different  members  of  this  family,  who  seem 
to  have  been  held  in  the  highest  respect,  as 
was  its  founder,  of  whom  the  following  is 
recorded  in  marble  hi  the  parish  church  of 
Axbridge,  Somerset  : — 

"To  the  Memory  of 
PETEE  FRY, 

Who  resigned  his  spirit 

into  the  hands  of  his 

Redeemer,  21st  September,  1787, 

Aged  52  years. 

That  his  example  may  be 

a  light  to  others 
Let  this  stone  record  his 

virtues. 

In  transacting  business 

he  showed  great  ability 

and  clear  understanding 

and  a  sound  judgment. 

He  was  much  trusted  and 

never  betrayed  a  trust  ; 

yet  his  inviolable  integrity 

was  tempered  with  the 

gentlest  humanity. 

In  social  life,   he  was 

benevolent,  friendly 

and  charitable. 

In  his  domestic  connexions, 

prudent,  affectionate, 

and  tender. 
In  his  commerce  with  God, 

in  whom  he  placed  a 

truly  Christian  confidence, 

humble,   pious  and  resigned. 

Reader, 

*  Go  and  do  thou  likewise.'  " 

George  Fry,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
though  not  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  was  educated  in  one  of  their  schools, 
and  a  certain  amount  of  quiet  reserve,  se- 
dateness,  and  plainness  of  speech  descended 
from  the  father  to  several  of  his  sons,  who 
are  still  apt  to  call  a  spade  a  "  spade  "  and 
not  an  "  agricultural  implement."  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Carey  Fry  received  his  education  at 
the  grammar  school  of  Bristol,  a  city  famous 
for  its  schools,  and  by  the  time  he  had  re- 
ceived all  that  his  friends  could  give  him  in 
that  respect,  his  elder  brother  Henry  had 


become  a  Canadian  ship-owner,  while  seve- 
ral of  his  other  brothers  were  at  sea.  It  was 
decided  that  the  boy,  Edward,  should  f ollow 
their  example  and  he  was  accordingly  ap- 
•prenticed  to  Henry  and  served  some  time  in 
one  of  his  ships,  the  well  known  old  Lotus. 
Although  by  this  means  he  acquired  a  know- 
ledge of  the  sea  and  of  ships,  which  has 
since  been  very  valuable  to  him  in  his  ca- 
pacity of  Lloyd's  Agent,  life  in  a  timber 
ship  was  necessarily  distasteful  to  a  lad 
of  his  stamp  and,  as  it  was  seen,  that  by 
education  and  a  certain  amount  of  refine- 
ment he  was  more  fitted  for  his  brother's 
office  in  Quebec  than  for  the  forecastle  of  a 
timber  ship,  the  change  was  made.  There 
the  business  portion  of  his  education  com- 
menced, progressed,  and  was  completed 
under  his  brother's  fostering  care,  so  that 
for  experience  of  Canadian  timber  and  ship- 
ping matters  and  especially  of  all  that  con- 
cerns the  port  of  Quebec  and  its  trade,  he 
is  probably  excelled  by  none.  He  was  final- 
ly taken  into  partnership  by  Mr.  Henry 
Fry,  a  connection  only  to  be  dissolved  by 
the  lamented  break-down  of  the  latter  gen- 
tleman's health  owing  to  overwork  very 
largely  honorary,  philanthropic,  and  for  the 
welfare  of  his  fellow  citizens  of  Quebec,  by 
whom  no  one  was  more  highly  respected  or 
deservedly  regretted.  The  business  has  since 
been  carried  on  by  Mr.  Edward  Carey  Fry, 
under  the  old  and  honoured  name.  After 
becoming  a  citizen  of  Quebec,  Mr.  Edward 
Fry  added  to  his  previous  ties  by  marrying 
Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of  the  Kevd.  David 
Marsh,  the  well-known  and  esteemed  Bap- 
tist minister  of  Quebec,  who,  like  her  young 
husband,  was  born  in  England,  though 
transplanted  to  this  country  at  a  very  early 
age.  They  have  a  large  family  of  bright, 
intelligent  boys  and  girls,  undoubtedly 
showing  in  their  physique  their  Anglo- 
Saxon  origin,  but  Canadian  born  and  with 
all  the  advantages  of  education  that  an  ex- 
cellent school  system  can  supply.  Mr.  Fry 
has  been  associated  from  infancy  with  the 
Baptist  church.  In  fact  he  was  named  after 
the  great  Baptist  missionary,  Edward  Carey, 
and,  as  a  child,  attended  Broadmead  Bap- 
tist chapel,  Bristol,  well  known  to  the  reli- 
gious world  as  having  been  the  scene  of  the 
labours  of  Drs.  Eobert  Hall,  Foster,  and 
Evans,  whose  names  are  historical.  In  poli- 
tics, like  his  elder  brother,  it  is  understood 
that  he  declines  to  be  tied  to  any  party,  his 
motto  being  "  measures,  not  men,"  and  that 


510 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


he  will  support  either  side  when  he  believes 
they  are  acting  honestly  for  the  welfare 
of  his  adopted  country.  If  he  has  a  bias,  it 
is  believed  to  be  in  favour  of  perfect  liberty 
and  equality  in  religion,  politics  and  com- 
merce, which  is  only  what  might  be  expected 
from  one  not  very  remotely  connected  with 
the  freedom-loving  Society  of  Friends.  At 
one  time  his  firm  was  largely  interested  in 
the  timber  business,  but  this  branch  has 
been  abandoned  by  it  for  some  years  and  its 
time  and  attention  are  now  wholly  devoted  to 
shipping  and  commission.  Mr.  Fry's  posi- 
tion as  Lloyd's  Agent  and  agent  for  other 
British  and  continental  underwriters  at  Que- 
bec, and  representing,  as  he  does,  several 
large  ship-owning  houses,  both  sail  and 
steam,  have  given  him  an  extensive  and 
unique  experience  in  getting  vessels  and  car- 
goes out  of  difficulties  at  the  least  possible 
cost  to  all  concerned.  Like  most  Quebecers, 
who  have  commercial  relations  with  Eng- 
land, he  takes  periodical  trips  to  his  native 
land.  In  fact,  he  has  crossed  the  Atlantic 
at  least  fifty  times,  and  it  must  be  said  to 
the  credit  of  his  filial  affection  and  sense  of 
patriotism  that  he  never  allows  his  business 
on  such  occasions  to  prevent  him,  when  in 
England,  from  paying  a  visit  of  love  and 
reverence  to  the  home  of  his  ancestors  in 
Somersetshire,  and  especially  to  his  father's 
native  place,  the  pretty  village  of  Wins- 
combe,  where,  notwithstanding  the  march 
of  modern  improvement,  all  is  still  rustic 
simplicity.  The  beautiful  old  church,  with 
its  wealth  of  historic  associations  from  the 
days  of  the  Crusaders  downwards,  and  its 
picturesque  churchyard,  which  commands  a 
series  of  views  of  a  lovely  country  and  con- 
tains one  of  the  finest  yew  trees  in  England, 
are  still  just  as  his  father  knew  them  in  his 
youth.  Time  has  not  perceptibly  chang- 
ed them  ;  but  the  spot,  more  than  all 
others,  which  always  interests  the  son,  is 
that  immediately  in  front  of  the  font  in  the 
sacred  edifice,  on  which  his  father  was  held 
for  baptism  over  a  hundred  years  ago.  On 
one  of  his  visits  to  Winscombe  church  Mr. 
Fry  had  the  pleasure  of  examining  its  old 
register  and  has  now  in  his  possession  a  cer- 
tified copy  of  his  father's  baptismal  record — 
a  quaint  interesting  memorial  of  the  past 
in  the  old  English  way  of  writing.  It  shows 
that  the  old  man  was  born  as  far  back  as 
1783,  or  seventeen  years  before  the  begin- 
ning of  the  present  century,  and  it  can  be 
readily  imagined  that  many  notable  events 


in  the  world's  history  were  embraced  within 
the  recollection  of  one  whose  span  of  exist- 
ence was  prolonged  down  to  our  own  times  in 
1868.  Mr.  Fry  still  vividly  recalls  listening 
at  his  father's  knee  to  his  stories  of  his  long 
life,  how  he  could  just  remember  hearing 
in  his  boyhood  the  startling  news  of  the 
execution  of  Louis  XVI.  and  his  queen 
Marie  Antoinette,  and  how,  as  his  memory 
became  more  vigorous  with  his  growth,  he 
retained  more  vivid  impressions  with  regard 
to  the  battles  of  the  Nile,  St.  Vincent,  and 
Trafalgar,  the  nation's  mourning  for  Nelson, 
and  the  times  of  privateering  in  which  Bris- 
tol took  a  very  prominent  part,  and  when 
wheat  was  nevertheless  a  guinea  a  bushel  in 
the  midst  of  all  the  ill-gotten  wealth  of  that 
day.  "  Fine  times  those  were  for  the  land- 
lords and  farmers  " — used  the  old  man  to 
say — "  but  the  common  people  were  reduced 
to  the  verge  of  starvation."  And  he  often 
added  that,  though  he  had  probably  out- 
lived all  the  leading  spirits  of  those  privateer- 
ing days,  he  could  not  remember  any  case  in 
which  the  money  so  acquired  appeared  to 
have  done  any  real  good,  and  that  he  hoped 
to  see  the  day  when,  in  time  of  war,  the 
rights  of  inoffensive  private  property  would 
be  respected  and  privateers  receive  the  only 
rights  to  which,  in  his  opinion,  they  were 
entitled — a  good  rope  at  the  yard-arm  as 
pirates.  Other  milestones  in  his  memory,  on 
which  he  frequently  loved  to  descant  for  the 
benefit  of  his  children,  were  the  days  of  the 
Eegency,  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  the  death 
of  Napoleon,  the  trial  of  Queen  Caroline, 
whose  husband  he  thought  a  sensual  brute, 
though  he  was  styled  "  the  first  gentleman 
in  Europe; "  the  passing  of  the  Reform  Bill, 
the  opposition  to  which  by  the  member  for 
Bristol,  Sir  Charles  Wetherall,  contrary  to 
the  wishes  of  his  constituents,  caused  fear- 
ful riots  and  loss  of  life  in  that  city,  the 
second  and  even  the  third  French  revolu- 
tion, the  abolition  of  slavery  under  the 
British  flag  in  1834,  the  accession  and 
marriage  of  Queen  Victoria,  the  abolition 
of  the  corn  laws,  and  the  abandonment  by 
Great  Britain  of  protection  for  the  benefits 
of  a  vigorous  free  trade  policy.  It  is  scarce- 
ly necessary  to  say  that  these  stirring  re- 
miniscences made  a  deep  impression  on 
young  Fry's  mind  and  that,  while  as  a  man 
to-day  his  preference  is  for  his  adopted 
country  and  his  faith  strong  in  the  great- 
ness of  its  future,  he  still  yields  to  none 
either  in  love  for  Old  England  or  in  un- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


5H 


swerving  adherence  in  public  and  private 
to  the  sturdy  principles  of  rectitude  which 
seem  to  have  been  so  marked  a  character- 
istic of  his  worthy  father.  Ability  and  up- 
rightness in  business  and  straightforward- 
ness in  all  things  have  won  for  him  the  re- 
spect of  his  fellow-citizens  of  Quebec,  and 
few  are  held  in  higher  or  more  deserved 
estimation  by  all  classes  of  the  population. 
Mr.  Fry  is  a  member  of  the  Quebec  Board 
of  Trade,  and,  though  adverse  to  accepting 
any  prominent  position  in  that  or  any  other 
public  body,  because,  owing  to  the  demands 
of  his  business,  he  cannot  give  to  them  all 
the  requisite  time  and  attention,  he  never- 
theless ever  takes  a  deep  and  watchful  in- 
terest in  all  that  concerns  the  public  good, 
whether  in  a  commercial,  municipal,  politi- 
cal or  religious  sense,  and  can  always  be 
counted  on  to  do  his  duty  intelligently  and 
as  a  good  citizen  when  necessary. 

Ogden,  Charle§  Kinnis,  Three  Riv- 
ers, Province  of  Quebec,  was  born  at  Three 
Rivers,  on  the  llth  of  February,  1829.-  He 
is  a  son  of  Isaac  Governeur  Ogden,  who  was 
for  forty  years  sheriff  of  the  district  of 
Three  Rivers,  and  also  served  as  captain  in 
H.  M.  56th  Regiment,  and  in  another  regi- 
ment with  Colonel  De  Salaberry.  His  grand- 
father was  the  Hon.  Isaac  Ogden,  judge  of 
the  Superior  Court,  Montreal,  and  a  U.  E. 
loyalist,  who  was  driven  out  of  his  posses- 
sions in  New  Jersey  by  Gen.  George  Wash- 
ington, in  1775,  his  lands  being  all  confis- 
cated on  account  of  his  loyalty  to  the  British 
Crown.  The  city  of  New  Jersey  is  now 
situated  in  the  centre  of  his  farm,  but  from 
which  the  Ogden  family  receive  no  income. 
Mr.  Ogden  is  a  nephew  of  the  late  Charles 
Richard  Ogden,  attorney-general  under  Sir 
John  Colborne's  administration,  in  1837. 
He  is  also  a  nephew  of  the  late  William 
Walker,  advocate,  of  Montreal,  who  defend- 
ed the  patriots  in  1837,  and  who  was  a 
direct  descendant  of  the  celebrated  Walker 
who  defended  Derry  during  the  ever  me- 
morable siege.  Another  uncle  was  Peter 
Skene  Ogden,  who  was  at  one  time  in  busi- 
ness with  the  celebrated  John  Jacob  Astor, 
later  becoming  a  partner  in  the  North- West 
Fur  Company,  which  afterwards  amalga- 
mated with  the  Hudson  Bay  Company, 
when  he  took  the  position  of  chief  factor, 
and  had  charge  of  Vancouver  and  Oregon, 
at  the  time  of  the  cession  of  the  latter  to 
the  U.  S.  government,  which  was  represent- 
ed on  the  occasion  of  the  transfer  by  Gen- 


eral Grant.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
educated  at  Lennoxville,  P.Q.,  under  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Doolittle;  also  at  the  high  school, 
Montreal,  under  the  Rev.  Mr.  Simpson. 
He  has  been  postmaster  of  Three  Rivers  for 
many  years  ;  has  also  been  in  the  telegraph 
and  insurance  business,  and  was  local  agent 
of  the  Hon.  Hudson  Bay  Company.  He 
was  chiefly  instrumental  in  building  a  fine 
rectory  for  the  English  church  clergyman  at 
Three  Rivers  ;  he  also  erected  a  fine  build- 
ing which  was  used  by  the  telegraph  and 
insurance  companies,  and  as  a  post  office, 
but  which  is  now  use^.  as  a  private  resi- 
dence, Sir  Hector  L.  Langevin,  C.B.,  having 
induced  the  government  to  build  a  post 
office  in  Three  Rivers,  which  is  an  honor  to 
the  city.  Mr.  Ogden  has  never  had  any 
connection  with  any  secret  or  political  so- 
cieties, and  he  has  always  been  liberal  and 
conservative  in  his  views,  without  prejudice 
to  any  one.  He  is  a  valued  and  consistent 
member  of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  was 
married  in  1865,  to  Rosina  Meyer,  daughter 
of  William  B.  Meyer,  merchant,  of  Quebec, 
and  niece  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Aldriche,  rector 
of  Ipswich,  England. 

Howard,  Robert  Palmer,  M.D., 
L.R.C.S.E.,  Montreal,  was  born  in  the  city 
of  Montreal,  on  the  12th  January,  1823. 
His  parents,  Robert  Howard  and  IJ&argaret 
Kent,  were  natives  of  Ireland,  and  had  set- 
tled in  Montreal  some  years  before  their  son 
Robert  was  born — Mr.  Howard  carrying  on 
business  as  a  merchant.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  educated  in  Montreal,  and  stud- 
ied medicine  in  the  McGill  University  and  in 
Great  Britain  and  France.  Returning  from 
Europe  in  1849,  he  practised  his  profession 
in  his  native  city  as  a  "  general  practition- 
er "  till  the  year  1880,  when  he  gave  up  the 
practice  of  surgery  and  confined  his  atten- 
dance to  the  work  of  the  pure  physician. 
He  was  appointed  Professor  of  Clinical 
Medicine  in  the  McGill  University  in  1856, 
and  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Holmes,  in  1860, 
succeeded  to  the  chair  of  Theory  and  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine  in  the  same  institution, 
which  position  he  still  occupies.  Two  years 
ago  the  degree  of  LL.D.,  honoris  ccmsa, 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  University, 
in  which  he  has  been  a  professor  for  thirty- 
four  years,  and  dean  of  its  medical  faculty 
for  six  years.  In  the  course  of  his  career 
he  has  held  several  of  the  offices  indicative 
of  professional  standing  and  responsibility. 
Dr.  Howard  has  been  president  of  tlie  Can- 


512 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ada  Medical  Association;  president  of  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Que- 
bec; and  president  of  the  Medico -Chirurgi- 
cal  Society  of  Montreal.  He  is  one  of  the 
vice-presidents  of  the  Association  of  Ameri- 
can Physicians.  This  year  (1887),  on  the 
occasion  of  the  celebration  of  the  Centennial 
Anniversary  of  the  College  of  Physicians, 
of  Philadelphia,  he  was  made  Fellow  of  that 
distinguished  body.  For  twenty -two  years 
he  was  one  of  the  attending  physicians  and 
surgeons  of  the  Montreal  General  Hospital, 
and  has  been  the  secretary  of  that  institu- 
tion for  thirty-three  years.  For  the  greater 
part  of  his  professional  life  in  his  capacity 
as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Governors  of 
the  Medical  Council  of  his  native  province, 
he  has  endeavoured  to  elevate  the  standard 
of  medical  education  and  requirements,  and 
for  several  years  laboured  earnestly,  but  un- 
happily in  vain,  with  many  of  the  leading 
physicians  in  Ontario,  Nova  Scotia,  New 
Brunswick  and  Quebec,  to  bring  about  a 
General  Medical  Council  for  the  Dominion 
of  Canada.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Church 
of  England,  and  has  been  twice  married. 
First  in  1855,  to  Mary  Frances  Chipman, 
daughter  of  the  late  Judge  Chipman,  of  Hal- 
ifax, N.S.,  by  whom  he  had  one  son,  R.  J.  B. 
Howard,  M.A.,  F.R.C.S.,  Eng.,  who  is  as- 
sociated with  his  father  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  and  is  engaged  in  teaching 
practical  anatomy  in  McGill  College.  He 
married  in  1872.  His  second  wife  is  Emily, 
daughter  of  the  late  Thomas  Severs,  of  Lon- 
don, England,  and  they  have  had  two  sons 
and  two  daughters  born  to  them,  three  of 
whom  are  living.  A  physician  thus  puts  on 
record  his  estimation  of  Dr.  Howard's  posi- 
tion and  work :  "  The  life  of  a  man  of  such 
unceasing  industry  as  Dr.  Howard,  may  be 
considered  from  many  aspects.  As  an 
author  he  has  contributed  largely  to  medi- 
cal literature  during  the  past  thirty  years. 
His  studies  on  pneumonia,  phthisis  and  on 
heart  disease,  have  made  him  a  recognized 
authority  in  the  profession.  The  work  on 
anaemia,  which  he  prepared  for  the  Inter- 
national Medical  Congress  in  1876,  was  one 
of  the  earliest  and  remains  one  of  the  most 
important  contributions  to  the  subject.  The 
elaborate  articles  on  rheumatism  and  allied 
affections  published  in  the  System  of  Medi- 
cine, by  American  authors,  1885,  are 
perhaps  the  most  exhaustive  in  the  English 
language.  The  Canadian  and  American 
jourfials  contain  many  lesser  contributions 


from  his  pen.  As  a  teacher,  Dr.  Howard 
has  been  eminently  successful.  For  some 
years  he  held  the  position  of  Professor  of 
Clinical  Medicine  in  McGill  University, 
and  in  1861,  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Holmes, 
was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  medicine, 
which  he  still  occupies.  Painstaking  indus- 
try at  the  bed-side,  a  clear,  logical  mind,  a 
forcible  and  impressive  delivery,  combined 
to  make  Dr.  Howard  a  model  hospital  teach- 
er, and  his  course  of  didactic  lectures  on 
medicine  is  the  most  thorough  and  complete 
with  which  the  writer  is  acquainted."  For 
years  Dr.  Howard  has  been  a  zealous  advo- 
cate of  higher  medical  education,  and  to  his 
energy  and  perseverance  is  due  the  endow- 
ment of  the  McGill  medical  faculty,  as  well 
as  many  other  improvements.  In  the  long 
struggle  to  establish  the  Medical  Board  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  on  a  proper  basis, 
Dr.  Howard  has  been  very  active,  and  for 
many  years  has  been  the  prominent  Eng- 
lish representative.  As  a  practitioner,  Dr. 
Edward  has  been  exceptionally  successful 
and  for  years  he  has  been  the  leading  medi- 
cal consultant  in  the  Dominion.  His  repu- 
tation as  a  careful  observer  and  close  stud- 
ent has  gained  for  him  the  confidence  of  the 
profession  in  an  unusual  degree.  A 
kindly,  sympathetic  manner,  scrupulous  at- 
tention to  details  and  exceptional  skill  and 
judgment  in  the  management  of  cases,  have 
combined  to  give  the  laity  implicit  trust  in 
his  opinion.  Important  and  enduring  has 
been  Dr.  Howard's  influence  upon  the 
groups  of  students  which  have  come  under 
his  care  and  upon  the  men  who  have  been 
fortunate  enough  to  be  his  confreres.  Un- 
selfish to  a  fault,  keenly  zealous  for  the  wel- 
fare of  the  profession,  enthusiastic  as  a 
youth,  he  has — perhaps  unconsciously  to 
himself — impressed  all  with  whom  he  came 
in  contact  with  the  earnestness  of  life,  the 
nobility  of  work,  and  the  dignity  of  his  call- 
ing. 

Pope,  Edwin,  Superintendent  of  the 
Great  North- Western  Telegraph  Company, 
Quebec,  was  born  at  Kingston,  Ontario,  on 
the  14th  of  March,  1843.  His  father  was 
the  late  Major  Pope,  who  was  for  many 
years  provincial  store-keeper  at  Montreal. 
His  mother  was  Maria  Craig.  He  removed 
with  his  parents  successively  to  Montreal 
and  Quebec.  He  was  educated  in  the  latter 
city,  and  resided  there  for  several  years,  hi 
the  employ  of  the  Montreal  Telegraph  Com- 
pany. In  1862  he  was  transferred  to  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


513 


company's  Toronto  office;  and  in  1863,  al 
the  early  age  of  twenty  years,  was  sent  to 
Watertown,  N.  Y.,  as  superintendent  in 
charge  of  the  company's  line  in  the  State 
of  New  York.  In  1866  he  was  promoted 
to  the  still  more  important  and  responsible 
position  of  the  company's  superintendent 
at  Quebec,  and  was  reappointed  to  the  same 
position  in  1881,  when  the  lines  were  con- 
solidated under  the  Great  North- Western 
Telegraph  Company.  He  still  holds  this 
office,  and  enjoys  the  general  respect  of  the 
population  of  the  ancient  capital  for  his 
courtesy  and  blameless  life.  Mr  Pope  is  a 
member  of  the  Church  of  England,  and 
holds  office  in  various  organizations  con- 
nected therewith,  and  in  other  local  socie- 
ties. In  1864  he  married  Mary  Margaret, 
fifth  daughter  of  Kobert  McClure,  of  To- 
ronto, and  by  her  has  had  issue  eight 
children. 

Amlicrst,  L,ord.— Jeffery,  Lord  Am- 
herst,  who  commanded  the  British  army  at 
the  surrender  of  Montreal  in  September, 
1760,  one  of  the  bravest  officers  that  ever 
the  nation  had  the  great  good  fortune  to 
possess,  was  born  in  Kent,  England,  on  the 
29th  January,  1717.  He  was  the  second  son 
of  Jeffery  Amherst,  of  Biverhead,  in  Kent, 
barrister- at-law,  and  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Kerrill,  of  Hadlow,  Co.  Kent,  who 
had  four  sons  and  two  daughters.  Sack- 
ville  died  unmarried,  in  1763;  Jeffery,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch;  John,  an  admiral  in 
the  Royal  Navy ;  and  William,  lieut- general 
in  the  army,  A.D.C.  to  the  King,  lieut.  - 
governor  of  Portsmouth,  governor  of  St. 
Johns,  Newfoundland,  and  adj. -general  of 
his  Majesty's  forces;  Elizabeth  and  Marga- 
ret. A  pedigree  extant  deduces  the  family 
of  Amherst  from  the  Saxon  era.  Hamo  de 
Herst  is  mentioned  by  Phillpot,  to  be  flour- 
ishing in  the  second  year  of  Edward  III. 
In  the  next  reign,  B-ichard  II.,  the  name  ap- 
pears by  record  to  be  written,  Amherst  of 
Amherst,  they  (according  to  Collins)  having 
dropped  the  Norman  de  and  the  aspirate  H. 
Jeffery,  Lord  Amherst,  in  his  childhood  was 
noted  for  displaying  great  fondness  for  mil- 
itary life,  and  at  that  early  period  gave  all 
his  attention  to  the  performance  of  martial 
evolutions.  His  father,  observing  his  strong 
predilections,  was  induced  to  present  him  to 
one  of  his  relatives,  who  was  a  captain. 
The  sparkling  eyes,  speaking  countenance, 
and  significant  manners  of  the  young  aspir- 
ant, recommended  him  highly  to  his  su- 
FF 


perior  officers,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
he  received  an  ensign's  commission  in  the 
Guards.     Having  distinguished  himself  on 
several  occasions  by  his  modest,  prudent, 
and  calm  conduct,  as  well  as  by  his  valor, 
and  constant  attention  to  duty,  he  was,  in 
1741,  appointed  General  Legonier's  aide- 
de-camp.     In  this  high  capacity  he  con- 
tinued to  serve  in  the  German  fields,  and 
thus  was   present  at  the  battles  of  Diit- 
tingen,  Fontenoy,   and  Rocoux.     He  was 
at  the  side  of  the  Duke  of  Cumberland,  as 
aide-de-camp  in  the  battle   of  Lauffeldt. 
On  that  remarkable  day,  young  officer  Am- 
herst noticed  and  appreciated  the  celebrated 
James  Wolfe,  whose   enthusiastic  devotion 
and   spirited   bravery   on   the    same   field, 
drew  forth  the  thanks  of  the  Duke  of  Cum- 
berland.    No  sooner  had  Pitt  established 
himself  in  office,  than  he  conceived  the  plan 
of  an  attack  against  the  French  colonies  in 
America.     This  statesman  had  discovered  in 
Colonel  Amherst  sound  sense,  steady  cour- 
age, and  an  active   genius.     He   therefore 
recalled   him  from   Germany,  and  setting 
aside  military  forms,  promoted  him  to  the 
rank  of  major-general,  and  gave  him  the 
command  of  the  troops  sent  against  Louis- 
bourg,  Cape  Breton.     Hon.  Edward   Bos- 
cawen   was    chosen   admiral   of   the   fleet. 
Equipments  were  made  with  great  zeal,  and 
on  February  19th,  1758,  the  armament  sail- 
ed from  Portsmouth,  for  Halifax.     General 
Amherst's  army,  which  was  almost  exclus- 
ively British  regulars,  was  put  in  motion, 
being   divided   into   three  brigades,  under 
the   Brigadier -Generals    Whitmore,    Law- 
rence, and  Wolfe.     On  the  2nd  of  June,  the 
armament  arrived  off  Cape   Breton.     The 
troops  were  landed  near  Fresh  Water  Cove 
(Comoran  Creek),  four  miles  from  the  town. 
In  a  few  days  the  British  triumphed  over 
every  obstacle,  and   Amherst    entered  the 
city,  July  26th,  and  took  possession  of  the 
whole  island  of  Cape  Breton.     Many  illus- 
trious persons  were  present  at  this  victor- 
ious scene.  Among  whom  were  James  Wolfe, 
bhe  noble  hero,  who  so  gloriously  fell  on 
he  Plains  of  Abraham,  and  whose  daring 
skill  even  then  excited  great  admiration; 
James  Murray,  the  first  British  governor  of 
Quebec;    Commodore  Durrell,  the   young 
Earl  of  Dundonald,  who   commanded  the 
Grenadiers  of  the  12th  Regiment,  and  the 
renowned  Captain  Oooke,  then  serving  as  a 
petty  officer  on  board  a  ship  of  war.     There 
were  also  Lord  Rollo,  Major  Darling,  etc., 


514 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


and  Amherst  the  moving  spirit,  whose  wis- 
dom and  energy  had  enshrined  his  name  in 
the  grateful  affections  of  his  countrymen. 
Amherst  wished  to  follow  up  his  success 
by  pushing  forward  with  his  whole  army 
to  Quebec,  but  the  engagement  at  Louis- 
bourg,  through  the  protracted  defence  of 
the^  skilful  French  governor,  Mr.  Drucour, 
delayed  the  forces  of  Amherst  too  long,  so 
that  a  descent  upon  Canada  was  imprac- 
ticable that  year.  Amherst  sailed  for  Bos- 
ton the  last  of  August,  and  from  thence 
pushed  on  through  the  wilderness  to  Lake 
George,  where  he  left  seasonable  supplies  with 
Abercrombie,  and  returned  to  Boston,  and 
then  to  Halifax,  to  await  orders  from  the 
British  government.  Abercrombie  endeav- 
ored to  sustain  himself  against  the  French 
troops  to  Ticonderoga,  but  was  defeated 
near  this  place,  and  here  fell  the  gallant 
and  good  Lord  Howe,  and  with  him  seemed 
to  pass  away  the  energy  and  spirit  of  the 
army.  In  this  year  Fort  Duquesne  was 
captured,  and  the  British  officers  with  unan- 
imous consent  changed  the  name  of  the 
Fort  to  Pittsburg;  a  well-earned  compli- 
ment to  the  minister  who  planned  the  con- 
quest of  that  large  country.  With  this  ex- 
pedition concluded  the  campaign  of  1758. 
Early  in  1759  Amherst  was  appointed  com- 
mander-in-chief  of  the  British  North  Amfe- 
rican  armies  in  place  of  Abercrombie,  who 
sailed  for  England  the  24th  of  January 
following.  For  the  next  campaign,  Pitt  de- 
cided upon  nearly  the  same  plan  of  oper- 
ations, which  had  partially  succeeded  before. 
The  main  body  of  the  British  army  was 
assembled  upon  the  shores  of  Lake  George, 
being  destined  to  penetrate  Canada  by  the 
Eiver  Richelieu,  and  occupy  Montreal. 
When  Pitt  cast  his  eyes  over  the  maps  of 
the  western  world  and  traced  its  net  work 
of  lakes  and  rivers,  noted  its  far  stretching 
wilderness  of  forests,  so  solemn,  and  almost 
impenetrable,  and  remembered  the  resources 
of  the  brave  Montcalm,  we  should  expect 
his  zeal  to  have  cooled,  but  he  thought 
only  of  Wolfe  and  Amherst,  and  was  sure 
of  success.  According  to  the  plan,  Amherst 
left  New  York  April  28th,  1759,  and  arrived 
in  Albany,  May  3rd,  to  pursue  the  great 
plan  of  the  campaign.  An  alarming  spirit 
of  desertion  broke  out  among  the  militia, 
but  Amherst's  promptness  soon  quelled  it, 
and  a  great  part  of  the  army,  with  artillery 
and  stores,  arrived  and  encamped  on  the 
wood}^  shores  of  Lake  George,  21st  June, 


and  on  21st  July,  not  withstanding  the  heat 
of  the  weather,  all  was  made  ready,  and 
troops  and  stores  were  embarked  upon  the 
lakes.  Amherst  took  Fort  Ticonderoga* 
from  the  French,  and  repaired  it,  and  gave 
orders  to  increase  the  naval  force  on  the  lake. 
Then  Crown  Point  was  to  be  overcome. 
It  was  formerly  called  Point-a-la-Chevelure, 
situated  about  eighteen  miles  north  of  Tic 
onderoga.  It  was  soon  abandoned  by  the 
enemy,  and  Amherst  took  possession  of  it 
on  the  4th  of  August,  thus  securing  two 
important  forts.  On  the  16th  of  August, 
he  learned  that  the  French  were  so  strongly 
intrenched  in  Isle-aux-Noix,  as  to  prevent 
him  from  joining  Wolfe's  army  before  Que- 
bec, and  he  was  forced  to  remain  inactive 
until  October,  although  every  hour  was 
precious.  He  succeeded  in  crossing  the 
lake  on  October  18th,  when  he  learned  that 
the  fate  of  Quebec  had  been  decided,  and 
it  was  an  honorable  trait  in  the  character 
of  Amherst  that,  in  his  despatches,  he  al- 
lowed his  brigadier  the  full  credit  of  the 
action.  From  the  uncommonly  sickly  state 
of  his  provincials,  he  was  forced  to  pre- 
pare for  the  inglorious  quiet  of  winter- 
quarters  at  Crown  Point,  -j-  The  next  year, 
Amherst  left  New  York  with  part  of  his 
army  and  proceeded  to  Oswego.  He  was 
followed  by  General  Gage,  and  soon  assem- 
bled his  army  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Onta- 
rio, from  whence  he  descended  the  St.  Law- 
rence upon  the  enemy's  capital,  leaving 
Lake  Champlain  to  Colonel  Haviland,  whilst 
General  Murray  with  the  disposable  por- 
tion of  the  garrison  of  Quebec,  was  to 
push  up  the  St.  Lawrence.  On  September 
6th,  the  splendid  army  landed  at  Montreal, 
and  invested  it  in  form.  On  the  8th,  the 
Marquis  of  Yaudreuil,  who  commanded  in 
Montreal,  signed  the  capitulation,  and  the 
whole  of  Canada  became  a  British  province. 
French  troops  were  conveyed  to  France  in 

*"  Chi-on-dcr-o-ga  means  great  noise  (say  the  In- 
dians). It  was  near  Fort  Carrillon  of  the  Frengh, 
built  and  occupied  by  them  in  1756,  and  was  a 
strong  post.  Its  ruins  are  seen  in  Essex  county, 
N.  Y.,  and  are  annually  visited  by  a  great  num- 
ber of  travellers."  A  few  years  asjo  the  compiler 
of  this  sketch  picked  up  a  couple  of  rough  hand- 
made bullets  on  the  battle  field  (where  a  heavy 
rain  had  washed  away  the  turf)  which  must  have 
lain  hidden  there  for  more  than  100  years,  since 
her  great-grand-uncle,  Sir  Jeffery  Amherst  took 
Fort  Ticonderoga. 

t  A  stone,  forming  part  of  the  wall  of  the  old 
fort  there,  bears  Amherst's  monogram  and  the 
date,  1759,  at  the  present  day. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


515 


British  ships,  and  the  Canadian  militia  al- 
lowed to  return  peaceably  to  their  homes. 
The  French  colonists  were  guaranteed  the 
same  civil  privileges  as  British  subjects,  and 
the  free  enjoyment  of  their  customs,  and 
laws.  In  the  meantime  the  Island  of  New- 
foundland having  fallen  into  the  hands  of 
the  enemy,  General  Amherst  dispatched  a 
sufficient  force  for  the  recovery  of  it,  under 
the  command  of  his  brother,  Colonel  Wil- 
liam Amherst,  whose  expedition  was  com- 
pletely successful.  The  general  now  re- 
turned to  New  York,  then  the  English  cap- 
ital of  North  America,  where  he  was  greeted 
with  the  strongest  tokens  of  gratitude  and 
respect,  and  whither,  also,  the  thanks  of  the 
House  of  Commons  had  been  transmitted 
to  him  from  London.  Thus  General  Am- 
herst planned  and  executed  an  undertaking 
of  the  most  striking  interest,  In  1761,  he  was 
appointed  Knight  of  the  Bath.  He  continu- 
ed to  command  in  America  until  1764,  when 
he  returned  to  England  He  was  in  reality 
the  first  British  governor-general  of  Canada. 
Gage,  Murray,  Burton  and  Haldimand,being 
sub-governors  only.*  In  1771,  he  was  ap- 
pointed governor  of  Guernsey,  where  he  gave 
a  high  idea  of  his  talents  as  administrator. 
His  venerable  Sovereign  George  III.,  created 
him  Baron  Amherst,  of  Holmsdale,  in  the 
county  of  Kent  in  1776,  and  two  years  later 
his  lordship  was  constituted  commander-in- 
chief  of  his  Majesty's  *and  forces  in  Great 
Britain.  In  1782,  he  received  the  gold 
stick  from  the  king,  but  on  the  change  of 
the  administration,  the  command  of  the 
army  and  the  lieutenant- generalship  of  the 
ordnance  were  put  into  other  hands.  In  1788, 
he  received  another  patent  of  peerage  as 
Baron  Amherst,  of  Montreal,  county  Kent. 
In  January  1793,  he  was  again  appointed  to 
the  command  of  the  army  in  Great  Britain, 
but  in  1795,  this  veteran  and  very  deserv- 
ing officer,  was  superseded  by  H.B.H.,  the 
Duke  of  York,  the.  second  son  of  the  king, 
who  was  only  in  the  thirty -first  year  of  his 
age,  and  had  never  seen  any  actual  service. 
The  government  on  this  occasion,  with  a 
view  to  soothe  the  feelings  of  the  old  general, 
offered  him  an  earldom,  and  the  rank  of 
field-marshal,  both  of  which  he  at  that  time 
rejected.  The  office  of  field-marshal,  how- 
ever, he  accepted  in  July  1796.  He  was 
formally  thanked  by  parliament.  A  suc- 

*Vide— "1'Histoire    du    Canada,"  by  F.   X. 
G-arneau,  book  eleventh. 


cession  of  honors  attended  him  until  the 
period  of  his  death,  which  took  place  in  his 
castle  in  Kent,  August  3rd,  1797,  at  the  age 
of  eighty  years.  Thus  the  first  barony  ex- 
pired, but  the  second  devolved  according  to 
the  limitation  of  the  patent,  upon  his  ne- 
phew, William  Pitt  Amherst,  the  first  earl, 
who  was  afterwards  ambassador  to  China, 
and  governor  general  of  India.  The  Ain- 
herst  family  seats  are  Montreal  and  Knole, 
near  Sevenoaks,  Kent,  and  the  Motto  "  Con- 
stantia  et  virtute"  His  career  was  won- 
derfully brilliant  and  successful.  His  time 
and  talents  had  been  devoted  to  military 
duty  from  his  early  years,  and  the  history 
of  his  life  beautifully  illustrates  the  truth, 
that  unbending  application  to  any  pursuit, 
will  assuredly  be  crowned  with  success,  and 
also  reminds  us,  that  neither  exalted  station, 
nor  high  enjoyment  of  life,  can  exempt 
from  the  power  of  death.  The  veteran  of 
many  battles  and  victories  must  at  last  re- 
sign his  commission,  and  join  the  ranks  of 
the  spirit  land.  At  that  hour,  all  scenes  of 
earthly  magnificence,  and  pomp,  and  the 
glorious  voice  of  renown,  that  had  so  often 
thrilled  his  soldier-heart,  faded  and  grew 
silent,  and  the  untold  sublimity  of  an  eter- 
nal existence  asserted  its  sway.  Happy 
was  the  great  general,  in  his  dying  hour, 
that  he  could  look  with  confidence  to  the 
great  Being,  "  by  whom  king's  reign  and 
princes  decree  justice."  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried, first  to  Jane,  only  daughter  of  Thomas 
Dalison,  of  Hampton,  in  Kent ;  and  sec- 
ondly, to  Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  of 
General  the  Hon.  George  Gary,  and  niece  \ 
of  Viscount  Falkland,  but  left  no  children. 
Smith,  Rev.  John,  Erskine  Church, 
Toronto,  was  born  in  Armagh,  Ireland,  on 
the  28th  March,  1824,  and  died  on  the  20th 
January,  1888,  after  a  few  hours'  illness. 
He  came  to  Canada  with  his  parents  in  1827, 
and  spent  the  earlier  part  of  his  life  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Brampton,  where  his  bro- 
ther, Robert  Smith,  ex-M.P.  for  Peel,  still 
resides.  Mr.  Smith  entered  Knox  College 
as  a  student  in  1845,  and  after  completing 
his  course  of  study  was  in  due  time  licensed, 
and  very  shortly  thereafter  settled  in  Bow- 
manville,  where  for  twenty-four  years  he 
made  full  proof  of  his  ministry,  and  secured 
and  retained  the  respect  and  affection  not 
only  of  those  more  immediately  under  his 
pastoral  charge,  but  of  the  general  com- 
munity in  which  he  lived.  In  1875  he  re- 
ceived and  accepted  a  call  from  what  was 


516 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


then  known  as  the  Bay  Street  Presbyterian 
Church,  in  Toronto.  In  this  charge  he  was 
permitted  to  labor,  until  his  demise,  with 
great  assiduity,  and  with  an  encouraging 
amount  of  success.  The  congregation,  when 
Mr.  Smith  was  called,  was  comparatively  a 
handful,  but  under  bis  faithful  ministrations 
it  made  great  progress  both  in  numbers  and 
influence.  In  1878,  under  his  leadership, 
it  erected  a  fine  new  church  at  the  head  of 
Simcoe  street,  which  was  named  "  Erskine 
Church,"  and  here  Christian  work  in  all  its 
departments  has  been  constantly  carried  on 
with  ever-growing  energy  and  success.  In 
addition  to  performing  with  characteristic 
fidelity  .and  zeal  all  the  duties  of  the  pas- 
toral office  which  he  held,  Mr.  Smith  showed 
himself  to  be  a  public-spirited  citizen,  who 
was  ready  to  do  all  in  his  power  for  the 
best  interests  of  the  country  and  city  in 
which  his  lot  was  cast.  He  was  specially 
earnest  in  the  work  of  temperance,  and 
spared  neither  trouble  nor  toil  in  his  efforts 
to  put  a  stop  to  the  ravages  of  strong  drink. 
Mr.  Smith  was  married  in  1851,  shortly 
after  his  settlement  in  Bowmanville,  to 
Elizabeth  McArthur,  of  West  Gwillimbury, 
sister  of  F.  F.  McArthur,  of  Bowmanville, 
by  whom  he  had  a  family  of  seven  children. 
The  widow  and  four  children  survive  him. 

Park<r,  Rev.  William  Robert, 
M.A.,  D.D.,  Toronto,  Ontario,  was  born  in 
West  Gwillimbury,  county  of  Simcoe,  On- 
tario, June  20th,  1831.  His  father,  Kobert 
Parker,  was  a  native  of  Limerick,  Ireland, 
whose  paternal  ancestors  were  from  Eng- 
land, and  whose  maternal  ancestry  were 
German,  his  mother  being  a  descendant  of 
the  brave  band  of  exiles  that  found  shel- 
ter in  Ireland  during  the  reign  of  Queen 
Anne,  from  the  bitter  storm  of  religious 
persecution  that  drove  them  from  their 
pleasant  homes  in  the  Palatinate  on  the 
Ehine.  It  is  held  to  be  a  proud  distinction 
to  be  identified  with  this  people,  especially 
because  of  their  ultimate  influence  on  the 
character  and  destiny  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  through  the  agency  of  Method- 
ism. In  his  early  visits  to  Ireland,  Wesley 
found  this  colony  of  erstwhile  devout  Ger- 
mans sharing  the  religious  apathy  and  de- 
moralization so  lamentably  prevalent  in 
those  times.  Wesley  and  his  itinerants 
preached  Christ  to  those  strangers  that  had 
been  as  sheep  without  a  shepherd  for  fifty 
years  ;  and  he  soon  rejoiced  to  see  them 
revived  and  folded  again,  Wesley  bears  this 


testimony  concerning  the  towns  in  which 
they  lived :  "  Such  places  could  hardly  be 
found  elsewhere  in  Ireland  or  England  ; 
there  was  no  profanity,  no  Sabbath  break- 
ing, no  ale-house  in  any  of  them."  Thus, 
these  children  of  persecution  became  the  fit 
progenitors  of  the  American  contingent  of 
the  most  zealous  type  of  Christianity  known 
since  Apostolic  times  ;  for  these  German- 
Irish  Emburys  and  Hecks  founded  in  New 
York,  and  in  Augusta,  Canada,  the  Method- 
ism destined  to  be  the  predominent  Protest- 
ant belief  of  the  New  World,  from  Newfound- 
land to  the  Pacific  coast.  Mr.  Parker's 
father  was  one  of  the  heroic  pioneers  of  Up- 
per Canada.  Upon  his  leaving  hia  native 
land  he  came  to  Baltimore,  Md.,  where  he 
spent  some  time  with  an  uncle,  a  merchant, 
dealing  in  paints  and  oils,  and  for  whom 
he  visited  the  West  Indies,  acting  as  super- 
cargo of  his  merchant  ship.  He  settled 
in  West  Gwillimbury  about  the  year  1826, 
where  he  cleared  one  of  the  finest  farms, 
and  established  one  of  the  most  comfortable 
homes  of  that  wealthy  township.  He  was 
industrious,  economical,  thirfty,  and  hospit- 
able to  a  proverb.  He  was  a  devout  and 
active  member  of  the  Methodist  church,  and 
one  of  its  stewards  and  trustees.  He  was  a 
Liberal  in  politics,  though  not  partizan. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  suppressing  the 
rebellion  of  1837,  and  served  as  quarter- 
master-sergeant. After  his  children  left 
home  he  sold  his  farm,  and  lived  retired  in 
Bradford,  where  he  died  on  the  7th  July, 
1881,  in  the  84th  year  of  his  age,  and  was 
interred  in  Mount  Pleasant  Cemetery,  To- 
ronto. Dr.  Parker's  mother,  Sarah  Suther- 
land, still  surviving,  and  resident  in  Brad- 
ford, was  a  most  intelligent  and  hearty 
sympathizer  and  co-operator  with  her  hus- 
band in  all  his  business  plans,  his  home 
hospitality  and  religious  duties.  Her  mo- 
ther was  one  of  the  Talbots,  and  one  of 
her  kinsmen,  Hon.  Thomas  Talbot,  was 
recently  governor  of  Massachusetts.  Her 
father  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  West 
Gwillimbury.  One  of  the  Methodist  ap- 
pointments bears  his  name,  the  church  hav- 
ing been  built  on  the  corner  of  his  farm. 
The  youngest  son,  Captain  T.  G.  Suther- 
land, sold  the  homestead  a  few  years  since, 
when  he  retired  to  AUiston,  where  he  and 
his  wife  now  reside  in  a  comfortable  home. 
Dr.  Parker -had  but  one  brother,  the  late 
Dr.  T.  S.  Parker,  M.P.,  of  Guelph.  He  re- 
presented North  Wellington  in  the  old  Oan- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


517 


ada  parliament  for  a  term  just  before  con- 
federation.    After  the  formation  of  the  Do- 
minion of  Canada,  he  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Commons  for  Centre  Wellington 
by  acclamation,  for  which  he  sat  till  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  took  place  in  1868, 
through  an  accident  that  occurred  to  him 
while  returning  from  a  visit  to  a  patient. 
Ho  was  a  pronounced  Liberal,  and  had  won 
for  himself  a  foremost  place  in  his  party, 
and  a  prominent  position  in  the  county  and 
on  the  floor  of  the  house,  because  of  his  per- 
sonal qualities,  and  by  his  powers  as  a  de- 
bater.    His  early  death  was  a  great  loss  to 
the  Reform  party,  for  he  would  no  doubt 
have  become  a  member  of  the  government 
upon  their  coming  into  power.   His  widow  is 
a  daughter  of  the  late  Archdeacon  Brough, 
of  London,  and  cousin  to  the  Hons.  Edward 
and  S.  H.  Blake.    The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  educated  in  Victoria   University,  Co- 
bourg,  where  he  graduated,  and  received  the 
degree  of  B.A.,  in  1858.     He  was  the  vale- 
dictorian  of  his    graduating  class.     Some 
five  years  thereafter  he  received  the  degree 
of  M.A.,  and  in  1885,  that  of  D.D.     He  was 
received  as  a  probationer  for  the  ministry 
of  the  Wesley  an  Methodist  church  in  1856, 
and  received  into  full   connection  and  or- 
dained in  1860,  at  the  conference  in  Kings- 
ton, held  in  the  Sydenham  Street  Metho- 
dist Church,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stinson  being  pre- 
sident.    Dr.  Parker  has  been  stationed  suc- 
cessively in  the  following  places:  Toronto, 
Montreal,  Odelltown,  Stanstead,  Brantford, 
St.  Catharines,  London,  Woodstock,  Tho- 
rold,    Chatham,    St.    Thomas,   and   is  now 
(1888)  pastor  of  the  Spadina  Avenue  Me- 
thodist Church,  Toronto.     He  was  chairman 
of  the  following  districts :  Niagara,  London, 
Brantford,  Chatham  and  St.  Thomas.     He 
was  twice  elected  president  of  the  London 
Conference.     His   second   election  was  in 
1886,  to  the  present   London   Conference, 
held  in  St.  Thomas  First  Methodist  Church, 
where  he  was  then  pastor.     The  first  elec- 
tion was  in  1883,  when  he  was  stationed  in 
Chatham,  and  when  the  old  London  Con- 
ference covered  nearly  all  the  territory  now 
embraced  in  the  present,  London,  Niagara 
and  Guelph  conferences.     He  has  been  a 
member  of  all  the  general  conferences  of 
the  Methodist  church  held  in  Toronto,  Mon- 
treal, Hamilton,  Belleville  and  Toronto,  re- 
spectively.    He  was  opposed  to  the  lately 
consummated  union  of   all   the  Methodist 
churches,  because  of   points  in  the   basis, 


and  of  the  haste  with  which  it  was  pushed. 
He  has  pronounced  views  in  favor  of  uni- 
versity federation.     He  is  a  member  of  the 
Board  of   Regents  of   Victoria  University 
Bis  political  views  have  been  largely  in 
tiarmony  with  those  of  the  Liberal  party, 
but  he  is  now  convinced  of  the  necessity  of 
onsolidating  the  temperance  forces  of  Can- 
ada in  a  prohibitory  party,  as  both  the  ex- 
isting parties  so  far  decline  to  adopt  the 
entire  abolition  of   the  liquor  traffic  as  a 
plank  in  their  platform.     He  has  travelled 
in  several  states  of  the  Union,  and  visited 
England,  Scotland,  Ireland  and  France.    In 
England  he  "  did  "  the  International  Exhi- 
bition,   visiting    in   Scotland,    Edinburgh, 
Glasgow  and  the   lakes  ;    and   in  Ireland, 
besides  several  centres  and  the  Lakes  of 
Killarney,  his  father's  and  mother's  native 
places.     As  a  preacher,  Dr.  Parker  is  clear, 
forceful,  eloquent,  and  eminently  practical. 
He  fearlessly  attacks  the  vices  of  the  age, 
while  insisting  strongly  on  the  great  Me- 
thodist doctrines  of  repentance,  conversion, 
and  the  necessity  of  true,  practical  holiness 
of  heart  and  life.     He  is  a  vigorous  oppo- 
nent of  all  forms  of  priestcraft  and  sacer- 
dotalism.    He  is  no  theorizer,  nor  idealist, 
but  a  firm  believer  and  teacher  of  the  great 
truth,  that  the  religion  of  the  Lord  Jesus 
is  designed  to  meet  and  bless  all  the  re- 
quirements of  human  life;  that  in  all  civil, 
political  and  social  life,  it  is  not  only  pos- 
sible, but  imperative,  that  God  should  be 
honored,  and  that  as  a  nation  we  are  re- 
sponsible for  obedience  to  all  God's  laws. 
In  September,   1863,    he   was   married   to 
Annie  Sophia  Ruston,   of  Montreal.     She 
was  a  native  of  the  ancient  capital,  Quebec, 
where  her  father  was  a  grain  and  flour  mer- 
chant.   She  had  an  aunt,  sister  of  her  father, 
who  was  the  wife  of  a  Methodist  minister, 
the  Rev.  R.  A.  Flanders,  and  two  sisters  of 
her  mother,  wives  of  Revs.  G.  H.  Davis  and 
Dr.  Cox.     She  has  one  sister  the  wife  of  a 
Methodist  minister,  Rev.  Dr.  S.  J.  Hunter, 
now  of  the  Centenary  Church,  Hamilton. 
Her  grandfather  Ruston,  a  Yorkshire  Me- 
thodist local  preacher,  was  induced,  while  a 
resident  of  Odelltown,  near  Montreal,  to  as- 
sume pastoral  work  by  a  people  there  as 
"  sheep  without  a  shepherd."    He  was  made 
eminently  useful,  and  when  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Parker  were  stationed  there,  their  first  cir- 
cuit after  marriage,  they  found  several  of 
the  most  devout  and  venerable  members  of 
the  church,  who  had  been  brought  to  Christ 


518 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


through  his  ministrations.  Dr.  Parker's 
wife  early  evidenced  literary  taste  and  abil- 
ity, and  has  contributed  several  articles  and 
tales  to  different  periodicals.  She  is  now 
responsible  for  editing  the  ladies'  depart- 
ment of  the  "  Missionary  Outlook,"  pub- 
lished under  the  direction  of  the  General 
Missionary  Society  of  the  Methodist  Church. 
This  ladies'  department  is  conducted  in  the 
interests  of  Women's  Missionary  Society  of 
the  Methodist  church.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Par- 
ker have  been  blest  with  three  children. 
One  dear  son  was  called  to  an  early  immor- 
tality, and  his  body  rests  in  the  Mount 
Pleasant  Cemetery,  Toronto.  A  daughter 
and  son  are  yet  left  with  them,  the  eldest 
and  youngest.  The  daughter  is  a  graduate 
of  Alma  Ladies'  College,  St.  Thomas,  in  the 
Provincial  Arts  Department.  She  took  two 
prizes  in  paintings,  "  Studies,"  in  the  In- 
dustrial Exhibition,  in  this  city,  last  autumn. 
The  son  is  in  the  fifth  form  in  Upper  Canada 
College,  and  has  proved  a  diligent  and  suc- 
cessful student.  If  spared  he  will  pursue 
a  university  course. 

Rous§eau,  Joseph  Thomas,  Artist, 
St.  Hyacinthe,  Province  of  Quebec,  was 
born  on  the  9th  of  August,  1852,  at  St. 
Elze"ard  de  la  Beauce,  P.Q.  His  father 
was  Louis  Rousseau,  of  the  same  place,  a 
prominent  merchant,  who  in  later  years  de- 
voted himself  exclusively  to  agricultural 
pursuits.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Luce  Huard.  He  was  educated  at  St.  El- 
ze"ard,  and  also  had  private  tuition.  Having 
at  an  early  age  shown  a  decided  talent  for 
painting  and  drawing,  his  parents,  knowing 
well  the  obstacles  to  be  overcome  and  en- 
countered, endeavored  to  dissuade  him  from 
adopting  art  as  a  profession.  However,  the 
germs  of  an  artistic  career  were  too  strong 
to  be  lightly  overcome.  He  went  to  Mont- 
real, and  there  studied  for  three  years  under 
M.  Ravau,  after  which  he  commenced 
church  decoration,  to  which  he  devoted 
himself  with  great  success  for  the  space  of 
five  years.  His  great  desire  for  improve- 
ment, and  a  dim  sense  of  latent  undevelop- 
ed power,  induced  him  to  go  to  Florence, 
Italy,  to  study  the  old  masters  and  rare 
works  of  art  to  be  found  there,  While  thus 
engaged  he  took  private  lessons  from  the 
celebrated  Professor  Ciceri,  commandant  of 
the  Artists'  Society,  Florence,  which  art 
school  he  also  attended,  and  passed  success- 
fully the  examination  imposed  upon  all  those 
who  are  desirous  of  entering.  After  two 


years'  close  application  to  his  profession,  he 
returned  to  Canada,  and  painted  those  many 
historical  religious  subjects  which  have 
made  him  famous  throughout  this  contin- 
ent. His  celebrated  oil  painting  of  "  Christ 
being  Carried  to  the  Tomb  "  was  sold  to  St. 
Louis  church,  Nashua,  N.H.,  for  the  hand- 
some sum  of  $1,000.  The  paintings  and 
decorations  in  the  chapel  of  the  Convent  of 
the  Precious  Blood,  at  St.  Hyacinthe,  are 
masterpieces  of  art,  and  there  is  nothing  in 
Canada  or  the  United  States  to  compare 
with  it.  The  following  is  a  list  of  some 
of  Eousseau's  most  celebrated  pictures: — 
"  The  Dying  Christ,"  "  Crucifixion,"  "  Ma- 
ter Dolorosa,"  "  The  Flight  into  Egypt," 
"Adoration  of  the  Magi,"  "The  Trinity 
in  Three  Figures  at  the  very  moment  of 
the  Annunciation,"  "  Christ  Falling  under 
the  Weight  of  the  Cross,"  "  Christ  Giving 
the  Keys  to  Peter,"  "  The  Triumph  of  the 
Church,"  a  very  large  composition,  con- 
taining more  than  sixty  personages.  In 
religion  Mr.  Rousseau  is  an  earnest  Roman 
Catholic,  and  in  politics  a  staunch  Conser- 
vative. He  was  married  on  May  2nd,  1875, 
to  Hermine  Gendron,  daughter  of  Jacques 
Gendron,  merchant,  of  St.  Rosalie,  by  whom 
he  has  five  children.  Comparatively  a 
young  man,  and  judging  by  what  he  has 
already  accomplished,  it  is  safe  to  prophesy 
a  still  more  brilliant  future,  and  an  immor- 
tal artistic  fame. 

Hale,  Hon.  Edward. — TheHon.  Ed- 
ward Hale,  second  son  of  the  Hon.  John  Hale, 
of  Quebec  (formerly  of  "  Plantation,"  York- 
shire, England),  a  despendant  of  the  Hales 
of  Codicote  and  King's  Walden,  in  Hert- 
fordshire, England,  and  Elizabeth  Frances, 
daughter  of  Gen.  William  Amherst,  A.D.C.  to 
the  King,  lieut.- governor  of  Portsmouth, 
governor  of  St.  Johns,  Newfoundland,  and 
adjutant- general  of  his  Majesty's  forces, 
was  born  in  Quebec,  on  the  6th  Decem- 
ber, 1801.  His  father  had  been  A.D.C.  and 
private  secretary  to  his  Royal  Highness  the 
Duke  of  Kent,  who  stood  sponsor  to  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  He  was  educated 
at  Kensington,  England.  Returning  to  his 
father's  home  in  Quebec,  he  entered  the 
office  of  the  committee  of  audit  as  secretary, 
which  post  he  held  for  three  years,  until, 
in  the  winter  of  1823,  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  private  secretary  to  his  uncle, 
Earl  Amherst,  governor- general  of  India, 
and,  accompanied  by  his  father,  set  out  a  t 
once  on  sledges  for  Boston,  U.S.A.,  whence 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


519 


he  sailed  with  Captain  Heard,  in  the  good 
ship  Bengal,  for  Calcutta.  During  his  stay 
in  India  he  acted  for  a  time  as  military  sec- 
retary, and  accompanied  the  governor- gen- 
eral in  his  expeditions  through  the  differ- 
ent provinces  of  India,  visiting,  among 
others,  the  king  of  Oude,  the  Kajah  of  Ben- 
ares, the  king  of  Delhi  and  some  of  the 
young  princes  who  afterwards  took  such  a 
conspicuous  part  in  the  Indian  mutiny.  A 
few  remarks  from  Mr.  Hale's  diary  of  that 
date  may  not  be  out  of  place  here : 

October  16th,  1816.— Having  breakfasted,  we 
prepared  to  hold  a  native  durbar  in  the  house  of 
the  Rajah  of  Benares,  which  had  been  placed  at 
the  governor's  disposal,  and  native  gentlemen  be- 
gan to  collect  in  the  compound.  Long  before  the 
appointed  hour  we  were  turned  put  of  the  billiard 
room,  to  make  place  for  some  princes  of  the  Delhi 
family,  who  had  arrived  much  before  their  time, 
but  could  not  be  allowed  to  remain  outside.  At 
eleven  o'clock  Lord  Amheret  took  his  seat  on  the 
throne,  surrounded  by  his  suite,  while  Lady  Am- 
herst  and  the  other  ladies  were  spectators  in 
another  room.  The  first  was  a  private  audience 
granted  to  the  princes  above  mentioned,  who  were 
ushered  in,  and  were  met  by  his  lordship  at  the 
door,  who  embraced  them  all,  and  they  then  sat 
down.  The  princes  were  a  most  wild-looking  set 
of  fellows,  dressed  principally  in  fur,  and  had  all 
a  cast  of  countenance  that  seemed  to  bespeak  their 
readiness  for  any  sort  of  desperate  enterprise. 
They  were,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  nearly 
of  the  same  age,  being  the  sons  of  different  Be- 
gums, and  he  who  sat  first  on  the  right  was  a 
much  younger  man  than  some  of  the  others,  but 
the  son  of  the  eldest  Begum.  They  requested 
leave  to  make  their  salaam  to  Lady  Amherst,  and 
having  done  so,  took  their  leave.  The  other  mem- 
bers of  the  same  family  then  followed  and  took 
their  leave ;  when  notice  was  sent  to  the  Rajah 
of  Benares,  Oodut  Narrain,  that  he  might  now 
come.  He  had  been  waiting  in  his  ton j on  at  the 
gate  of  the  compound  for  an  hour  before.  His 
procession  accordingly  entered,  commencing  with 
flag-bearers,  then  camels,  elephants,  a  native 
band,  empty  tonjons  and  palanquins,  tiibes  of 
sotaburdars,  punkaburdars,  assaiburdars,  burchy- 
burdars,  and  all  sorts  of  burdahs,  when  the  ton- 
jon  bearing  the  mighty  man  himself  followed,  and 
was  accompanied  by  numbers  of  horsemen,  who 
galloped  about  in  all  directions,  going  through  an 
indiscriminate  sham  fight.  The  procession  pass- 
ed along  the  back  of  the  house,  round  it  to  the 
front,  and  the  "mighty  "  was  ushered  in,  a  visitor 
in  his  own  house.  He  was  so  immensely  fat  that 
he  could  with  difficulty  walk,  and  he  waddled  in- 
to the  room,  occupying  a  space  of  at  least  two 
yards.  He  salaamed  low,  very  low,  much  lower 
than  I  thought  he  could,  and  Lord  Amherst,  ad- 
vancing three  paces,  embraced  him,  when  he  sat 
down  in  a  chair  which  was  purposely  meant  for 
him,  but  the  exertion  of  coming  up  stairs  and 
salaaming  had  deprived  him  of  the  necessary 
breath  for  talking,  and  he  was  obliged  to  remain 
mute  for  a  short  time^  He  was  most  splendidly 
ornamented  with  jewels,  his  turband  was  sur- 
mounted by  a  coronet  of  diamonds,  with  large 


emerald  drops ;  his  necklace  was  composed  of 
immense  diamonds,  and  his  arms  and  various 
other  parts  were  profusely  covered  with  precious 
stones.  Having  offered  his  nuzzur  to  Lady  Am- 
herst he  also  retired,  and  his  lordship  then  went 
down  stairs  to  hold  the  public  durbar. 

In  1828,  Lord  Amherst's  administration 
being  ended,  Mr.  Hale  returned  to  England 
with  thegovernor  general  andhis  family,  and 
after  visiting  Italy,  Switzerland  and  France, 
sailed  once  more  for  Quebec,  where,  in  1831, 
he  married  Eliza  Cecilia,  daughter  of  the 
Hon,  Chief  Justice  Bo  wen.  Chief  Justice 
Bowen  was  born  in  Kinsale,  Ireland,  in  1780. 
He  was  one  of  three  brothers,  the  eldest  of 
whom,  Lieutenant- Colonel  Bowen,  C.B.,  Ma- 
dras army,  was  killed  at  Seringapatam ;  and 
the  youngest,  while  captain  in  the  Boyal 
Navy,  won  no  little  distinction  for  gallant 
conduct  in  H.M.'s  frigate  Apollo.  The 
Bowens  are  descended  from  an  old  Welsh 
family,  the  name  being  originally  Ap  Owen. 
Mr.  Bowen's  father,  M.D.  and  surgeon  in 
H.M.'s  forces,  died  in  the  West  Indies, 
whither  he  had  gone  with  his  regiment. 
His  mother  was  the  beautiful  Isabella  Cas- 
san,  daughter  of  Kichard  Sheffield  Cassan, 
and  grand-daughter  of  Alexander  Hamil- 
ton, M.P.,  of  Knock,  county  Dublin.  In 
1833,  Mr.  Hale  moved  to  Sherbrooke,  and 
there  built  for  himself  a  homestead,  now 
known  as  "  Sleepy  Hollow,"  to  which,  to 
his  dying  day,  he  was  much  attached.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Special  Council  for 
Lower  Canada  in  1839,  and  represented  the 
county  of  Sherbrooke  in  the  Legislative 
Assembly  from  1841  to  1847;  and,  besides 
many  other  public  offices,  from  1866  to  1875 
he  held  that  of  chancellor  of  Bishop's  Col- 
lege, Lennoxville,  an  institution  for  which 
he  had  a  sincere  affection,  and  which  owes 
much  of  its  present  prosperity  to  his  energy 
and  good  management.  In  1867,  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Legislative 
Council  for  the  province  of  Quebec,  which 
position  he  held  for  the  remainder  of  his 
life.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Legislative 
Council  (next  following  his  death)  Novem- 
ber, 1875,  the  Hon.  Messrs.  De  Boucher- 
ville,  Ferrier  and  Fraser  offered  many  tri- 
butes of  respect  to  the  memory  of  their 
venerable  colleague,  and  Mr.  Fraser,  ad- 
dressing the  House  in  French,  said : 

Mr  Hale  was  a  member  of  the  Special  Council 
of  Lower  Canada  in  1839  and  1810,  and,  as  such, 
assisted  in  conferring  important  benefits  on  this 
province,  such  as  the  law  which  granted  the  seign- 
ory  of  St.  Sulpice  to  the  seminary  of  that  name, 


520 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


at  Montreal,  the  acts  or  ordinances  of  registration, 
turnpike  roach,  and  other  measures,  which  power- 
fully contributed  to  the  development  of  the  coun- 
try. His  grandfathers  were  officers  of  high  rank 
in  General  Wolfe's  army,  and  distinguished  them- 
selves in  the  important  events  of  those  times.  On 
his  father's  side  his  ancestors  were  persons  of  dis- 
tinction in  old  England,  and  his  mother  was  a  sis- 
ter of  Earl  Amherst,  whose  ancestors  were  fol- 
lowers of  William  the  Conqueror,  and  one  of 
whose  descendants',  Hamo  de  Herst,  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  III.  (1339),  held  large  estates  in  the 
county  of  Kent,  which  the  present  Lord  Amherst 
still  holds.  1  feel  it  a  most  pleasing  duty  to  re- 
call to  your  memories  his  agreeable  manners— 
those  of  the  perfect  gentleman — which  were  natu- 
ral to  him.  He  was  open,  frank  and  honest, 
never  hiding  his  thoughts  or  opinions,  but  always 
expressing  them  in  language  at  once  courteous 
and  elevated.  He  was  as  cheerful  as  he  was 
amiable,  his  conversation  was  most  attractive,  his 
powers  of  narration  were  great,  and  his  mind  was 
filled  with  interesting  and  original  anecdotes,  at 
once  lively  and  entertaining,  which  rendered  him 
a  most  agreeable  and  much  desired  companion. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Synod  in  Quebec,  of 
which  he  had  been  a  delegate  for  many 
years,  his  lordship  Bishop  Williams,  made 
the  following  remarks  in  alluding  to  his 
death: 

My  reverend  brethren  and  brethren  of  the  laity, 
—Before  proceeding  to  read,  in  accordance  with 
our  custom,  the  summary  statement  which  I  have 
prepared  of  the  ecclesiastical  events  of  the  dio- 
cese, I  must  advert,  however  briefly,  to  a  matter 
belonging  to  the  history  of  the  Synod  itself.  Since 
last  we  met,  one  who  from  the  Synod's  first  crea- 
tion has  been  an  honored  member  of  the  same, 
has  been  taken  from  us.  The  death  of  the  Hon. 
Edward  Hale  caused  us  a  loss  not  easily  repaired. 
During  the  whole  time  of  my  residence  in  this 
country  he  has  been  my  valued  friend,  but  for  a 
record  of  his  fine  qualities  we  need  not  go  to  the 
reminiscence  of  a  friend .  He  carried  it  with  him 
wherever  he  went.  His  prompt  and  punctual  at- 
tention to  all  public  duties,  the  kindness  of  his 
heart,  and  the  courtesy  of  his  demeanor  are  known 
to  all.  His  genial  presence  we  shall  see  no  more, 
his  peace-loving  spirit  will,  I  trust,  remain  with 
us  for  ever. 

Mr.  Hale  died  April  26th,  1875,  at  Quebec, 
whither  he  had  gone  to  attend  to  his  parlia- 
mentary duties,  and  was  buried  at  Sher- 
brooke.  Mrs.  Hale  died  at  Boston,  United 
States,  in  1850.  She  was  the  mother  of 
seven  children,  of  whom  six  are  now  liv- 
ing. The  eldest  son,  Edward  John,  at 
Quebec,  at  the  old  house  which  has  been 
the  home  of  four  generations  of  Hales.  The 
second  son,  Edward  Chaloner,  at  "Chal- 
oner,"  near  Lennoxville;  and  the  youngest, 
William  Amherst,  at  the  old  homestead, 
"  Sleepy  Hollow,"  near  Sherbrooke.  Two 
of  the  daughters  live  in  Sherbrooke,  and 
the  third  is  the  wife  of  Henry  Tumour 


Machin,  assistant  treasurer  of  the  province 
of  Quebec.  During  a  residence  of  upwards 
of  forty  years  in  the  Eastern  Townships, 
Mr.  Hale  aided  materially,  and  watched  with 
interest,  the  growth  of  Sherbrooke  from  an 
obscure  hamlet  of  a  few  straggling  houses 
to  the  large  and  prosperous  town  it  now 
is.  When  the  rebellion  of  1837  and  1838 
broke  out,  he  joined  the  volunteers,  refused 
a  commission,  and,  for  the  sake  of  example, 
served  in  the  ranks.  Although  a  Conserva- 
tive in  politics,  Mr.  Hale  placed  individual 
merit  far  above  party,  creed,  or  class,  and 
by  his  impartiality  and  just  judgment,  liv- 
ing above  suspicion  or  reproach,  he  won  the 
respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him, 
and  of  him  might  truly  be  said,  as  he  so 
often  said  of  others,  "  the  rank  is  but  the 
guinea's  stamp,  the  man's  the  gowd  for  a' 
that."  But  it  was  to  his  children  and 
intimate  friends  that  his  noble  Christian 
life  was  best  known.  Possessed  of  charity 
in  the  widest  sense  of  the  word,  full  of  love 
and  compassion  for  those  in  trouble  or  dis- 
tress, ever  ready  to  help  the  poor  and  needy, 
his  active  sympathy  and  generosity  made 
him  beloved  and  revered  by  all  classes.  The 
example  of  his  pure,  unselfish  life  is  not  for- 
gotten, and  he  still  lives  in  the  hearts  of 
those  who  loved  him. 

Witliall,  William  John,  Mont- 
real, Que.,was  born  on  the  island  of  Jersey, 
November  22nd,  1814.  His  father  was  born 
in  London,  and  his  mother  in  Jersey.  He 
received  what  was  considered  in  those  days 
an  education  sufficient  to  commence  train- 
ing for  commercial  pursuits.  Leaving  school 
in  1826,  and  having  a  strong  desire  to  visit 
other  parts  of  the  world,  he  pressed  on  his 
parents  to  grant  him  permission  to  leave 
home.  Being  only  twelve  years  of  age, 
and  having  an  uncle  and  aunt  in  Gaspe,  it 
was  decided  that  he  should  go  thither,  and 
arriving  there  on  the  30th  April,  found  that 
country  covered  with  deep  snow.  His 
uncle's  occupation  was  farming,  fishing  and 
lumbering.  During  that  year  his  mother 
died,  and  being  a  minor,  he  had  no  choice 
but  to  make  Gasp^  his  abode.  That  country 
was  thinly  populated,  and  almost  isolated 
from  the  outside  world.  He  received  a  letter 
from  Jersey  in  winter,  the  postage  of  which 
was  four  shillings  and  sixpence.  It  was  the 
custom  then  to  dispatch  a  courier  in  Janu- 
ary from  Gaspd  for  Quebec,  carrying  the 
mail-bag  on  his  back.  This  was  a  perilous 
journey,  there  being  hardly  any  habitation 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


521 


between  Gaspe  and  Quebec  for  two  hundred 
and  fifty  or  three  hundred  miles.  When 
sixteen  years  of  age,  he  thought,  if  his  uncle 
would  allow  him  his  independence,  he  could, 
by  working  and  trading,  do  something  bet- 
ter for  himself,  but  when  he  made  the  pro- 
posal his  uncle  said  he  was  too  young,  and 
could  not  provide  for  himself.  His  answer 
was,  "  Give  me  my  freedom."  Although 
young,  and  feeling  confident  that  where 
others  could  make  a  living  he  could  do  the 
same.  On  getting  his  uncle's  consent,  he 
then  commenced  the  battle  of  life.  He 
managed,  through  perseverance  and  econ- 
omy, to  save  a  little  money  each  year.  At 
the  time  he  arrived  in  Gaspe,  the  language 
spoken  was  French,  which  he  could  neither 
speak  nor  understand.  There  being  no 
schools,  he  made  use  of  the  only  means  at 
his  disposal.  There  was  a  local  Methodist 
preacher  from  the  island  of  Guernsey  using 
the  French  language.  You^g  Withall  was 
punctual  in  his  attendance  every  Sabbath 
( and  has  continued  to  identify  himself  with 
the  same  church  ever  since).  He  com- 
menced "by  repeating  the  hymns  and  Scrip- 
tures when  read  out  by  the  preacher,  and 
soon  acquired  the  French  pronounciation, 
and  became  familiar  in  reading  and  writing 
that  language.  This  in  after  life  became 
very  useful,  and  to  some  extent  he  attri- 
butes it  to  his  financial  success.  The 
winter  of  1832  was  passed  in  St.  Thomas, 
below  Quebec,  and  between  teaching,  fish- 
ing and  trading,  he  began  to  have  a  bal- 
ance to  the  good.  In  1835  he  took  passage 
to  his  native  land,  the  island  of  Jersey. 
After  visiting  several  places  in  Europe,  he 
returned  to  Gaspe,  having  made  an  en- 
gagement with  a  Jersey  merchant  to  take 
charge  of  his  stores  and  fishing  establish- 
ments. In  1837  he  took  a  joint  interest 
in  purchasing  a  large  block  of  land  in  the 
north-west  arm  of  Gaspe  Bay.  The  inten- 
tion was  to  build  a  saw  mill  for  the  lumber 
trade.  The  prospect  for  the  future  not 
coming  up  to  his  ideas,  he  sold  out  his  in- 
terests. In  1840  he  left  Gaspe  for  Quebec, 
and  commenced,  by  opening  a  provision  and 
grocery  store.  In  1841  he  married  Eliza- 
beth, widow  of  the  late  Peter  Bott,  who  de- 
parted this  life  in  1882.  In  1883  he  mar- 
ried Eleanor,  widow  of  the  late  Eichard  W. 
Langmuir.  In  1850  he  commenced  taking 
an  active  interest  in  the  different  institu- 
tions connected  with  the  city  of  Quebec ;  was 
elected  city  councillor  and  director  in  the 


Union  Building  Society  in  1865;  was  elect- 
ed a  director  in  the  Quebec  Bank;  joined,  as 
silent  partner,  in  a  soap  and  candle  factory ; 
and  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  National 
Bank;  the  Quebec  Steamship  Company; 
the  Quebec  Marine  Insurance  Company; 
the  Quebec  Street  Railway  Company;  the 
Lake  St.  John  Railway  Company;  was  pro- 
prietor of  the  Quebec  Rubber  Company; 
took  an  interest  in  the  Quebec  Worsted  Com- 
pany; the  Quebec  Tow  Boat  Company;  and 
was  either  president  or  director  in  the  above 
companies  until  1884.  In  1867  he  was 
appointed  justice  of  the  peace.  In  1854 
he  joined  a  party  of  four  for  the  building 
of  two  vessels  intended  to  trade  between 
Chicago  and  ports  on  the  ocean.  These 
were  built  by  the  Messrs.  McCarthy,  at 
Sorel,  one  being  named  Chicago,  and  the 
other  Quebec.  These  vessels  made  voyages 
direct  from  Chicago  to  Newfoundland  and 
Liverpool,  but,  being  built  with  centre- 
boards and  considered  unsafe,  the  under- 
writers declined  to  cover  them  by  insurance, 
and  the  adventure,  not  proving  profitable, 
was  discontinued.  It  is  believed  these  were 
the  first  vessels  that  sailed  direct  from  Chi- 
cago to  the  ocean.  In  1884  Mr.  Withall 
left  the  city  of  Quebec,  and  is  now  a  resi- 
dent of  Montreal,  filling  the  offices  of  vice- 
president  of  the  Quebec  Bank,  and  director 
of  the  Sun  Life  Insurance  Company,  the 
Canadian  Rubber  Company,  the  Quebec 
Steamship  Company,  the  Guarantee  Com- 
pany of  North  America,  the  Royal  Electric 
Company,  and  still  holding  one-half  inter- 
est with  his  nephew,  Thomas  A.  Pidding- 
ton,  in  the  Bulstrode  Tannery,  near  Artha- 
baska,  Quebec.  During  his  mercantile  life 
he  never  entered  into  any  transaction  be- 
yond his  own  resources,  and  when  anything 
proved  unprofitable,  himself  only  was  the 
sufferer.  Mr.  Withall  is  now  in  the  seventy- 
fourth  year  of  his  age,  possessing  a  good 
constitution,  sound  in  body  and  mind,  and 
enjoying  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  a 
wide  circle  of  friends  and  acquaintances. 

Hammond,  John,  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  a  professional  Artist  of  many 
years'  standing,  was  born  in  Montreal  in 
the  year  1843  ;  has  studied  in  England, 
France,  Holland,  and  Italy  ;  is  a  regular 
exhibitor  in  the  annual  exhibitions  of  both 
the  Royal  Academy,  London,  and  the  Paris 
Salon,  and  is  principal  of  the  Owen's  Art 
Educational  Institution  of  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick. 


522 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Mackenzie,     Hon.      Alexander, 

Toronto,  M.  P.  for  East  York,  ex-Premier  of 
Canada.  About  the  end  of  the  year  1842, 
three  young  men  resided  in  the  city  of  Kings- 
ton, who  were  destined  to  act  prominent 
parts  in  the  public  life  of  Canada.  One  of  the 
three  was  a  rising  young  lawyer  of  pleasing 
address  and  popular  manners,  who  had  won 
distinction  by  his  defence  of  Von  Schultz 
and  other  state  prisoners  connected  with  the 
troubles  of  1837.  The  second  had  been  a 
student  in  the  office  of  this  young  lawyer, 
and  was  this  year — 1842 — called  to  the  bar. 
The  third  was  a  Scottish  youth  of  twenty, 
who  had  landed  in  Kingston  in  April,  and 
was  beginning  his  Canadian  life  as  a  stone- 
mason. The  young  lawyer  is  now  the  Right 
Hon.  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald,  First  Minister 
of  Canada.  His  student  is  now  the  Hon. 
Oliver  Mowat,  Premier  of  Ontario.  The 
youthful  stonemason  is  now  the  veteran 
statesman  whose  name  stands  at  the  head  of 
this  sketch — a  name  respected  and  honored 
by  every  clean  man  in  the  Dominion  of  Can- 
ada. Mr.  Mackenzie  was  born  on  the  28th 
January,  1822,  and  is  two  years  younger 
than  his  friend,  the  Hon.  Oliver  Mowat,  and 
seven  years  younger  than  his  rival,  Sir  John 
A.  Macdonald.  He  was  born  in  the  parish  of 
Logierait,  Perthshire,  Scotland.  His  par- 
ents had  neither  poverty  nor  riches,  but  they 
and  their  connections  had  what  was  better 
than  either  :  they  had  brain-power,  intelli- 
gence, untiring  industry,  sterling  integrity, 
and  an  honorable  ambition  to  rise  in  the 
world.  Along  with  these  good  qualities 
they  had  a  strong  liking  for  Whig  politics. 
Alexander  was  the  third  son  in  a  large  fam- 
ily. His  school  days  were  few.  Two  years 
in  a  private  school  in  Perth;  two  more  in 
the  parish  school  of  Moulin ;  less  than  a  year 
in  the  grammer  school  of  Dunkeld,  and  the 
education  of  the  future  Premier  of  Canada 
was  finished  so  far  as  the  schoolmaster  was 
concerned.  At  the  early  age  of  fourteen 
his  father  died,  and,  like  many  another  brave 
Scotch  lad  who  has  made  his  mark  in  the 
world,  young  Mackenzie  began  to  earn  his 
bread  on  the  old  Eden  principle — by  the 
sweat  of  his  brow.  Like  Hugh  Miller,  he 
learned  the  trade  of  stonemason,  and  like 
Hugh  Miller,  he  was  fond  of  reading.  His 
spare  hours  were  spent  in  diligent  study, 
and  the  habits  then  formed  have  clung  to 
him  all  his  days.  When  twitted  with  bning 
a  book-worm,  Thos.  D'Arcy  MeGee  replied 
that  he  always  preferred  the  society  of  good 
books  to  that  of  middling  men.  No  doubt 
Mr.  Mackenzie  has  always  cherished  the 
same  preference,  though  perhaps  he  has 


never  said  anything  about  it.  A  worthy 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons,  whose 
reading  days  were  over,  felt  lonesome  in  the 
same  boarding-house  with  Mr.  Mackenzie 
and  David  Mills,  because,  as  he  explained 
it  "  the  moment  Mackenzie  and  Mills  came 
in  from  the  house  they  sat  down  to  their 
books."  In  the  following  year,  1843,  Mr. 
Mackenzie  was  joined  in  Kingston  by  his 
brother,  Hope  F.  Mackenzie,  who  afterward 
represented  Lambton  and  North  Oxford  in 
parliament.  Hope  Mackenzie  was  a  man  of 
fine  spirit,  great  energy,  and  high  attain- 
ments. He  was  rising  rapidly  as  a  public 
man  when  his  career  was  suddenly  ended  by 
death.  Had  his  life  been  spared,  his  ability, 
industry,  and  natural  force  of  character 
would  soon  have  placed  him  in  the  front 
rank  of  Canadian  statesmen.  After  labor- 
ing five  years  in  Kingston,  during  which 
time  he  probably  became  familiar  with  the 
well-known  force  of  the  man  he  afterwards 
so  often  faced  in  parliament,  Mr.  Macken- 
zie moved  to  the  neighborhood  of  Sarnia. 
His  mother  and  brothers  came  out  from 
Scotland  about  the  same  time,  and  the  whole 
family  made  their  first  Canadian  home  in 
that  western  town.  Here  Mr.  Mackenzie 
resumed  operations  as  a  builder  and  contract- 
or, lines  in  which  he  had  been  successful  be- 
fore leaving  Kingston.  It  is  useless  to 
speculate  on  what  might  have  been  ;  but  had 
Alexander  Mackenzie  continued  in  the 
building  and  contracting  business,  he  might 
perhaps  have  become  the  millionaire  head  of 
the  syndicate  that  built  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway.  In  a  country  where  there  was  so 
much  to  be  built,  almost  anything  was  possi- 
ble to  a  man  of  his  patient  industry,  econo- 
mical habits,  sterling  integrity,  sound  judg- 
ment, and  all  but  invincible  energy.  But 
Alexander  Mackenzie  was  not  to  be  a  mil- 
lionaire contractor.  Like  many  Scotchmen, 
he  had  a  keen  relish  for  politics.  Five  years' 
residence  in  Sir  John's  favorite  city  pro- 
bably increased  his  eagerness  to  join  in  the 
fray.  In  Scotland  he  had  been  a  Whig,  and 
in  Canada  he  joined  the  Liberal  party  as  a 
matter  of  course.  Though  a  man  of  quiet, 
retiring  habits,  it  is  no  secret  that  Alexander 
Mackenzie  keenly  enjoys  debate.  To  meas- 
ure swords  on  the  platform  with  a  foeman 
worthy  of  his  steel  was  never  to  him  an  un- 
pleasant duty.  The  roar  around  the  hust- 
ings never  made  him  nervous.  To  his  natu- 
ral liking  for  public  discussion  and  his  in- 
tensely strong  convictions,  his  love  of  Lib- 
eralism, his  popular  sympathies,  his  intense 
hatred  of  tyranny  in  all  its  forms,  his  love 
for  the  people  and  desire  that  they  should 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


523 


have  fair  play — to  these  qualities  add  his  un- 
doubted capacity  for  public  affairs,  and  one 
can  easily  see  why  it  was  impossible  for 
Alexander  Mackenzie  to  keep  out  of  politics. 
Keep  out  of  politics  he  certainly  did  not,  for 
five  years  after  he  had  started  business  in 
Sarnia  we  find  him  editing  the  Lambton 
Shield.  Under  his  editorial  management 
the  Shield  soon  became  a  power  in  the  west. 
His  editorials  educated  the  electors  of  Lamb- 
ton  in  Liberalism,  and  were  extensively 
quoted  by  other  journals.  Sam  Jones  is 
credited  with  saying  that  if  there  is  one 
thing  in  this  world  he  does  hate  it  is  a  quiet 
time.  Whether  a  quiet  time  is  a  good  time 
for  Mr.  Jones  or  not,  it  certainly  is  not  a  good 
time  for  a  politician.  Mr.  Mackenzie  had 
the  undoubted  advantage  of  entering  the 
political  arena  in  a  stormy  period.  The  bat- 
tle for  responsible  government  was  being 
fought  out  and  slowly  won.  The  fight  had 
been  long  and  fierce,  tinder  Lord  Sydenham 
and  Sir  Charles  Bagot  the  recommendations 
of  Lord  Durham's  report  in  favor  of  re- 
sponsible government  were  being  carried 
out.  Sir  Charles  Metcalfe  succeeded  Sir 
Charles  Bagot,  and  spent  the  four  years  of 
his  official  career  in  trying  to  deprive  Can- 
adians of  the  rights  secured  to  them  by  his 
predecessors.  Mr.  Mackenzie  resided  in 
Kingston  during  the  whole  time  that  Met- 
calfe was  governor,  and  it  goes  unsaid  that 
when  he  removed  to  Sarnia  he  was  in  the 
right  humor  to  do  battle  for  responsible 
government.  In  1861,  Hope  Mackenzie, 
who  had  represented  Lambton  in  parlia- 
ment, declined  re-election.  The  future 
Premier  was  offered  the  nomination  by  a 
convention  of  the  Liberal  party,  and  accept- 
ing, carried  the  constituency  by  a  consider- 
able majority.  When  he  entered  parliament 
he  had  nothing  to  learn  but  the  forms  of 
procedure,  and  even  these  he  probably  know 
as  well  as  many  who  had  sat  in  previous 
parliaments.  His  accurate  and  full  know- 
ledge of  all  public  questions,  his  almost  in- 
fallible memory,  his  marvellous  capacity  for 
mastering  the  details  of  every  question  that 
came  before  him,  and  his  power  to  make 
clear  and  concise  speeches  on  any  question 
on  the  shortest  notice,  soon  placed  him  in  the 
front  row,  along  with  the  most  experienced 
parliamentarians.  Mr.  Mackenzie  has  never 
claimed  credit  for  his  oratorical  powers,  nor 
have  his  friends  put  forth  any  such  claim  ; 
but  the  fact  remains  that  in  twenty-five  years 
of  active  public  life  he  never  needed  to  take 
a  back  seat  in  any  oratorical  company.  He 
could  always  hold  his  own,  and  generally  do 
a  good  deal  more.  He  is  one  of  the  very 


few  speakers  in  this  Dominion  whose 
speeches  will  stand  a  verbatim  report.  He 
builds  a  speech  just  as  he  used  to  build  a 
stone  wall — clear,  clean-cut,  concise  ;  sen- 
tences are  laid  one  upon  another  in  an  or- 
derly and  compact  manner,  and  when  the 
speech  is  finished  you  can  no  more  knock  a 
word  or  sentence  out  of  it  than  you  can 
knock  stones  out  of  a  well-built  wall.  His 
accurate  knowledge,  never-failing  memory, 
and  quick  perceptive  powers,  make  him 
specially  formidable  in  reply.  Running 
through  many  of  his  speeches,  especially 
those  delivered  in  hot  debates,  there  is  a 
mingled  vein  of  mild  sarcasm  and  dry, 
pawky  Scotch  humour  that  is  very  effective. 
The  effect  is  greatly  increased  by  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  work  is  done.  You  see  the 
bolt  across  the  house  and  you  see  quite 
easily  that  it  has  struck.  You  look  to  the 
spot  from  which  it  was  thrown  and  you  see 
a  serious,  almost  solemn-looking  man,  going 
on  with  his  work  as  if  nothing  had  occurred. 
The  plainness  and  apparent  simplicity  of  the 
speaker  give  the  humor  and  sarcasm  a  great 
effect.  Soon  after  entering  upon  his  parlia- 
mentary duties,  Mr.  Mackenzie  saw  his 
political  friends  take  office  under  the  pre- 
miership of  Hon.  John  Sandfield  Macdon- 
ald,  who  had  associated  Hon.  Mr.  Sicotte 
with  him  as  leader  of  the  lower  Canadian 
section.  This  government  lasted  about  a 
year,  and  was,  followed  by  another  in  which 
Hon.  Mr.  Dorian  took  the  place  of  Hon.  Mr. 
Sicotte.  Mr.  Mackenzie  had  in  those  days 
some  experience  as  a  government  supporter 
— a  kind  of  experience  which  has  seldom 
been  his  during  his  long  parliamentary  life . 
After  a  short  and  troubled  reign  Hon.  Sand- 
field  Macdonald  resigned,  and  Mr.  Dead- 
lock reigned  in  his  stead.  Then  came  a 
truce  and  the  negotiations  which  resulted  in 
confederation.  A  coalition  was  formed  for 
the  purpose  of  uniting  the  provinces.  Hon. 
George  Brown  and  a  large  majority  of  the 
Liberal  party  were  in  favor  of  a  coalition. 
Mr.  Mackenzie  was  of  the  opinion  that  the 
Liberal  party  should  give  the  government  a 
generous  outside  support  in  forming  the 
union,  but  at  the  same  time  keep  itself  clear 
of  all  entangling  alliances.  The  union  was 
not  long  formed  until  it  became  painfully 
evident  to  the  Liberal  party  that  Mr.  Mac- 
kenzie was  right.  When  the  first  parliament 
met  after  confederation  the  Liberals  were 
without  a  leader,  Hon.  George  Brown  hav- 
ing been  defeated  in  South  Ontario.  The 
position  was  offered  to  Mr.  Mackenzie,  who 
accepted  it,  and  displayed  great  tact  in  weld- 
ing into  one  solid  body  the  somewhat  dis- 


524 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


cordant  elements  that  came  from  the  differ- 
ent provinces.  The  task  was  no  easy  one, 
but  in  discharging  his  duties  as  a  leader  of 
her  Majesty's  loyal  Opposition  the  member 
for  Lambton  displayed  the  same  ability  and 
unwearied  diligence  that  have  marked  his 
whole  parliamentary  career.  Ever  at  his 
post  and  ever  faithful  to  his  trust,  Mr.  Mac- 
kenzie soon  gained  the  confidence  of  his  fol- 
lowers from  all  parts  of  the  Dominion.  The 
crisis  of  1873  found  him  not  only  a  success- 
ful leader  but  a  parliamentarian  of  recog- 
nized position  and  ability.  When  the  gov- 
ernment fell  he  was  entrusted  with  the  duty 
of  forming  a  ministry.  In  less  than  two 
days  the  names  of  his  colleagues  were  an- 
nounced, and  the  new  government  was  ready 
for  business.  The  question  on  everybody's 
lips  was,  will  there  be  a  general  election  ? 
It  is  understood  that  Mr.  Mackenzie  receiv- 
ed such  assurances  of  support  from  some  of 
his  former  opponents  as  might  have  induced 
a  less  cautious  man  to  go  on  with  the  busi- 
ness of  the  country  without  an  appeal  to  the 
people.  But  the  new  premier  was  not  to  be 
caught  napping.  His  Scotch  caution  assured 
him  that  a  parliament  elected  under  the 
auspices  of  his  opponents,  and  the  influence 
of  Sir  Hugh  Allan's  liberal  contribution, 
was  not  the  kind  of  parliament  to  be  trusted 
in  an  emergency.  He  dissolved  the  house, 
and  in  January,  1874,  swept  the  country. 
Had  the  majority  given  him  by  the  people 
been  half  as  large  as  it  was,  the  task  of  the 
new  premier  might  have  been  a  good  deal 
easier.  To  enumerate  the  good  measures 
that  were  introduced  and  passed  by  Mr. 
Mackenzie's  government  would  be  to  write 
the  parliamentary  history  of  Canada  for  the 
five  years  ending  in  1878.  His  friends  may 
challenge  their  opponents  to  show  a  record 
of  equal  merit  during  any  five  years  in  the 
history  of  the  Dominion,  in  the  history  of 
Old  Canada,  or  in  the  history  of  any  pro- 
vince that  now  forms  part  of  the  Dominion. 
Let  these  restless  characters  who  are  ever- 
lastingly clamoring  for  revolutionary  meas- 
ures and  hunting  for  strange  gods  to  wor- 
ship, sit  down  for  a  moment,  and  quietly 
read  over  the  titles  of  the  acts  passed  by 
Mr.  Mackenzie's  government  between  1873 
and  1878,  and  say  if  they  have  anybody  in 
their  ranks  that  can  serve  the  country  bet- 
ter than  it  was  served  by  Canada's  Grand 
Old  Man.  It  is  quite  true  that  he  went  down 
in  '78,  but  he  went  down  with  his  escutch- 
eon untarnished  and  all  his  colors  flying. 
His  was  no  milk-and-water  policy.  He  did 
not  try  to  run  with  the  Free  Trade  hare 
and  hunt  with  the  N.P.  hounds.  He  be- 


lieved it  was  wrong  to  increase  the  bur- 
dens of  the  people  in  a  time  of  depression. 
He  went  to  the  polls  on  this  issue,  and  was 
defeated  by  the  people  he  was  bravely  trying 
to  help.  Burke  told  the  electors  of  Bristol 
that  he  advanced  their  interests  contrary  to 
their  opinions.  Mr.  Mackenzie  tried  to  do 
the  same  thing  for  the  people  of  Canada  and 
failed.  A  few  years  will  show,  if  the  reve- 
lation has  not  already  been  made,  whether 
the  electors  of  Canada  d^d  a  wise  thing  when 
they  dismissed  a  faithful  public  servant  for 
not  taxing  five  millions  of  people  to  enrich 
a  few.  Never  did  British  or  Colonial  states- 
man display  more  moral  heroism  than  was 
displayed  by  Alexander  Mackenzie  in  '78 
when  he  stood  by  his  principles  while  the 
pistol  was  pointed  at  his  head — held  at 
times,  with  shame  be  it  said,  by  some  who 
pose  as  moral  reformers.  If  there  is  no  room 
in  the  public  life  of  Canada  for  a  man  who 
bravely  faces  defeat  rather  than  do  what  he 
believes  to  be  wrong,  then  Canada  is  moral- 
ly rotten  and  should  be  buried  out  of  sight. 
Soon  after  his  defeat  in  '78,  Mr.  Mackenzie 
became  a  resident  of  Toronto.  Owing  to 
declining  health  he  found  it  inconvenient  to 
represent  a  large  constituency  like  West 
Lambton,  and  in  1882  stood  for  East  York. 
For  this  constituency  he  has  been  twice 
elected.  East  York  derives  as  much 
honor  from  its  representative  as  Mr.  Mac- 
kenzie derives  from  representing  an  historic 
constituency  of  which  he  is  justly  proud. 
For  the  same  unfortunate  reason,  Mr.  Mac- 
kenzie found  it  necessary  some  years  a<*o  to 
resign  the  leadership  of  the  Liberal  party. 
His  strength  was  not  equal  to  the  task,  and 
Alexander  Mackenzie  never  was  the  man  to 
undertake  anything  unless  he  could  do  it 
thoroughly.  The  arduous  and  irksome  na- 
ture of  the  work  of  an  Opposition  leader  in 
Canada  may  be  learned  from  the  fact  that 
the  distinguished  gentleman  who  succeeded 
Mr.  Mackenzie — a  gentleman  who  once 
could  work  eighteen  hours  out  of  the  twenty- 
four  with  impunity —has  since  broken  down 
in  health  and  has  been  compelled,  tempor- 
arily at  least,  to  leave  public  life.  The  one 
great  mistake  of  Mr.  Mackenzie's  life  was 
his  brave  attempt  to  attend  to  the  details  of 
his  department  while  Premier  and  Minister 
of  Public  Works.  It  is  easy  to  be  wise  when 
events  are  over,  but  one  cannot  help  think- 
ing that  had  he  worked  less  then  he  might 
be  the  able  and  trusted  leader  of  his  party 
to-day,  and  the  party  needs  a  leader  badly 
enough.  Mr.  Mackenzie's  parliamentary 
services  have  not  been  confined  to  the  Do- 
minion parliament,  and  the  parliament  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


525 


Old  Canada.  In  1871,  he  ran  for  West 
Middlesex,  was  elected,  and  on  the  down- 
fall of  Sandfield  Macdonald's  government 
soon  after,  took  office  under  Hon.  Mr. 
Blake,  first  as  provincial  secretary,  and 
afterwards  as  provincial  treasurer.  Dual  re- 
presentation being  abolished,  both  he  and 
Mr.  Blake  left  the  Local  Legislature  at  the 
same  time.  Besides  his  parliamentary  work, 
Mr.  Mackenzie  has  rendered  Canada  good 
service  by  his  well-written  biography  of  his 
friend  and  leader,  George  Brown.  The  tone 
of  the  book  is  moderate  throughout,  and 
though  written  by  a  strong  party  man,  the 
facts,  so  far  as  we  know,  have  never  been 
seriously  questioned.  It  has  occasionally 
been  charged  against  Mr.  Mackenzie  that 
his  manner  is  cold,  and  his  language  curt. 
It  is  quite  true  that  he  calls  a  spade  a  spade, 
and  a  scoundrel  a  scoundrel.  It  may  be 
true  that  when  scaly  politicians  have  asked 
him  to  help  them  to  carry  out  dirty  jobs  he 
gave  them  a  reply  not  always  couched  in 
diplomatic  language.  Quite  likely  he  met 
the  pious  proposal  of  some  moral  reformers 
to  tax.  the  people  for  their  benefit  with 
language  that  may  have  seemed  to  them  un- 
necessarily vigorous.  All  this  may  be  so  ; 
but  those  who  know  Alexander  Mackenzie 
know  him  to  be  a  warm-hearted  man,  as 
kindly  as  he  is  firm  and  true — a  man  ready 
at  any  moment  to  help  the  needy,  or  make 
sacrifices  for  his  friend.  He  hates  humbug, 
and  scorns  shams,  and  can  unmask  a  hypo- 
crite with  rare  skill  ;  but  no  more  kindly 
man  stands  in  the  Dominion  to-day.  May 
a  kind  heaven  send  Canada  more  Mac- 
kenzies. 

Clarke,  Edw.  Frederick,  M.P.P., 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  Toronto,  Ontario,  was 
born  in  the  county  of  Cavan,  Ireland,  on 
the  24th  April,  1850.  His  father,  Richard 
Clarke,  was  a  general  merchant  and  flax 
buyer,  favorably  known  in  that  capacity 
throughout  the  whole  north  of  Ireland.  His 
mother,  Ellen  Reynolds,  the  only  daughter 
of  the  late  Charles  Reynolds,  of  Belturbet, 
county  of  Cavan,  Ireland,  is  still  living,  and 
resides  in  Toronto.  Mr.  Clarke  came  to 
Canada  early  in  the  sixties,  and  af  tera  short 
sojourn  in  Michigan,  moved  to  Toronto, 
where  he  has  ever  since  lived.  He  served 
his  time  as  a  printer  in  the  Globe  office,  and 
afterwards,  in  the  practice  of  his  calling,  was 
foreman  of  the  Express,  the  Sun  and  the 
Liberal,  and  was  compositor  and  proof-reader 
on  the  Mail,  etc.  He  took  a  prominent  part 
in  the  printers'  strike  and  attendant  labor 
troubles  of  1 872,  being  one  of  those  arrested 
for  alleged  intimidation.  In  1877  a  company 


was  formed  for  the  purchase  of  the  Sentinel, 
the  organ  of  the  Loyal  Orange  Association. 
He  was  chosen  manager  and  editor  of  the 
paper,  but  after  a  short  time  he  purchased 
the  shares  of  the  stockholders,  and  became 
sole  proprietor.  He  has  since  con  ducted  the 
Sentinel  successfully  in  connection  with  a 
large  job  printing  business.  He  has  for 
many  years  taken  an  active  interest  in  secret 
societies,  especially  in  the  United  Workmen, 
Freemasons  and  Loyal  Orange  Association. 
He  is  a  past  master  of  Rehoboam  lodge,  No. 
65  A.F.  &  A.M.,  and  at  the  regular  annual 
meeting  of  the  Loyal  Orange  Association, 
held  at  Belleville,  in  May,  1887,  he  was 
elected  to  the  high  office  of  Deputy-Grand 
Master  of  the  Order  in  British  America. 
At  the  provincial  elections  of  1886,  Mr. 
Clarke  was  returned  at  the  head  of  the  poll 
as  one  of  the  city  of  Toronto's  quota  of 
three  representatives  to  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly. In  December,  1887,  he  was  put 
forward  as  the  people's  candidate  for  mayor 
of  his  adopted  city  for  1888,  and  was  elect- 
ed by  a  plurality  of  nearly  nine  hundred 
votes  in  a  field  of  three  candidates.  He  is  a 
Liberal-Conservative  in  politics,  and  during 
the  last  session  of  the  provincial  legislature 
made  a  favorable  impression  as  a  speaker 
and  debater.  He  is  a  fluent,  ready  speaker, 
of  good  address,  and  well  informed  upon  all 
public  subjects.  sHe  was  married  on  30th 
December,  1884,  to  Charlotte  Elizabeth, 
fourth  daughter  of  Dan  Scott,  of  Toronto, 
and  has  issue,  two  daughters.  Mr.  Clarke 
is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Reformed 
Episcopal  Church,  and,  although  not  a  total 
abstainer,  is  an  advocate  of  temperance 
reform. 

Carignan,  Oncsime,  Three  Rivers, 
Quebec,  was  born  on  October  16th,  1839,  at 
Champlain,  district  of  Three  Rivers,  Que. 
His  parents,  Pierre  Carignan  and  Josephte 
Turcotte,  were  well-to-do  farmers,  who  were 
highly  esteemed  by  their  neighbors.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  sent  to  the  parish 
school,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  commenced 
his  business  career  by  accepting  a  clerkship 
in  a  general  store  in  Champlain.  Two  years 
after  he  went  to  Three  Rivers,  where  he  pro- 
cured a  situation  as  clerk  in  a  grocery  store. 
In  1863  he  entered  into  partnership  with 
Francis  Hamel,  but  two  years  after  this 
partnership  was  dissolved,  and  Mr.  Carignan 
entered  into  business  for  himself  in  the  house 
he  still  occupies.  His  business  has  con- 
tinually increased,  until  now  it  is  conceded 
that  he  has  the  leading  grocery  of  Three 
Rivers,  doing  a  wholesale  as  well  as  a  retail 
trade.  His  success  is  due  to  economy,  good 


526 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


administrative  abilities,  and  constant  atten- 
dance to  the  details  of  a  growing  business. 
He  has  been  an  alderman  of  Three  Rivers 
since  1876,  and  has  been  acting  mayor  on 
more  than  one  occasion.  He  has  also  held  the 
position,  of  president  of  L'Union  St.  Joseph 
since  1885.  Mr.  Carignan  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  the  public  enterprises  under- 
taken in  his  neighborhood,  notably  in  con- 
nection with  the  Three  Rivers  Water  Works, 
the  St.  Maurice  Bridges,  and  the  Three 
Rivers  drainage.  He  has  been  president  of 
several  benevolent  and  religious  societies, 
has  been  president  and  is  now  treasurer  of 
the  Three  Rivers  Conservative  Association. 
He  ha»  always  taken  an  active  part  in  poli- 
tical movements,  municipal,  provincial  and 
federal.  In  religion  he  is  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic, an  ultramontane.  He  was  married  on 
November  15th,  1864,  to  Agla4  Lebel,  of 
Quebec. 

Archibald,  John  Sprott,  Q.  C., 
D.C.L.,  Professor  of  Criminal  and  Consti- 
tutional Law  in  McGill  University,  Mont- 
real, was  born  in  the  village  of  Musquodo- 
boit,  Halifax  county,  N.S.,  on  the  8th  Sep- 
tember, 1843.  His  father,  William  G.  Arch- 
ibald, was  a  native  of  the  same  county,  and 
his  mother,  Nancy  Archibald,  a  cousin  of 
his  father,  was  born  in  Truro,  Nova  Scotia. 
Their  ancestors  came  from  Londonderry, 
Ireland,  in  1719.  John  is  the  fourth  child, 
in  a  family  of  five,  and  was  educated  in  part 
in  the  Presbyterian  Seminary,  Truro.  In 
1864  he  came  to  Montreal,  and  took  the  arts 
course  in  McGill  University  ;  graduated 
B.A.  in  1867,  and  won  the  Prince  of  Wales' 
gold  medal  for  standing  in  mental  and  moral 
philosophy.  He  then  studied  law  in  the 
office  of  the  late  John  A.  Perkins,  taking 
in  the  meanwhile  the  law  course  at  McGill, 
graduating  B.C.L.  in  1870,  and  receiving 
the  Elizabeth  Torrance  gold  medal  for  high- 
est general  standing  in  his  class.  On  the 
18th  of  January,  187J ,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  since  that  time  has  steadily 
pursued  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Montreal,  at  first  alone  and  subsequently 
as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Archibald  & 
McCormick,  until  the  present  autumn  (1887), 
when  he  dissolved  his  partnership,  and 
formed  a  firm  with  the  Hon.  W.  W.  Lynch, 
Q.C.,  for  many  years  solicitor-general  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  and  George  G. 
Foster,  B.C.L. ,  under  the  name  of  Archi- 
bald, Lynch  &  Foster.  It  is  unnecessary 
to  say  that  this  new  firm  ranks  among  the 
leading  law  firms  practising  in  Montreal. 
In  the  autumn  of  1871,  Mr.  Archibald  was 
appointed  lecturer  on  criminal  law  in  Mc- 


Gill University,  and  in  1880  he  was  made 
professor  of  criminal  and  constitutional  law 
in  the  same  institution,  a  position  which  he 
has  filled  with  credit  to  himself  and  the  col- 
lege. He  prepares  himself  with  great  care 
for  his  arduous  duties,  and  is  a  great  favour- 
ite with  the  students.  In  the  spring  of 
1887  he  received  from  his  alma  mater  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Civil  Law,  and,  almost 
concurrently,  the  distinction  of  Queen's 
counsel  from  the  government  of  Canada. 
In  1884  Mr.  Archibald  was  elected  alderman 
for  St.  Antoine  ward,  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  influential  wards  in  the  city  of  Mont- 
real, which  position  he  still  holds,  having 
been  re-elected  in  1887  by  acclamation.  In 
1885  he  was  appointed  revising  officer,  under 
the  Franchise  Act,  for  the  electoral  division 
of  Montreal  West,  which  office  he  still 
holds.  Mr.  Archibald  is  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  and  in  politics  a  Con- 
servative. On  the  13th  July,  1871,  he  was 
married  to  Ellen  Hutchinson,  of  Bluevale, 
Ontario,  afid  has  a  family  of  five  children. 
Haanel,  Eugene  E  mil,  F.R.,  Ph.D., 
Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Physics,  Victoria 
College,  Cobourg,  Ontario,  is  a  native  of 
Breslau,  Silesia,  Europe,  and  was  born  on 
the  24th  May,  1841.  He  is  a  son  of  Franz 
Haanel  and  Ann  Herde.  His  father  is  a 
government  officer,  and  occupies  the  posi- 
tion of  secretary  of  the  council  in  Breslau. 
The  Haanels  were  originally  from  Sweden, 
the  great  grandfather  of  Franz  Haanel  hav- 
ing been  forced  to  leave  his  native  country 
on  account  of  his  politics.  Eugene,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  commenced  his 
studies  at  four  years  of  age,  and  graduated 
at  the  Gymnasium  in  his  native  city  in  1858. 
Soon  afterwards  he  left  for  the  United 
States,  and  being  in  Baltimore  when  the 
civil  war  began  between  the  Northern  and 
Southern  states  in  1861,  he  joined  the 
Northern  army,  and  spent  three  years  »as  a 
hospital  stewaru ,  and  one  year  as  first  lieu- 
tenant Co.  K. ,  Second  Regiment  Maryland 
Veteran  Infantry,  leaving  the  army  at  the 
close  of  the  war  in  1865.  He  then  became 
a  student  at  the  Michigan  State  University, 
Ann  Arbor,  and  in  1866  was  appointed 
assistant  professor  of  natural  science  at 
Adrian  (Michigan)  College.  The  next  year 
he  held  the  same  position  in  Hillsdale  Col- 
lege, Michigan  ;  and  in  1868  was  master 
professor  of  the  same  department  in  Albion 
College,  Michigan,  and  occupied  the  chair 
for  four  years.  In  1872  Professor  Haanel 
returned  to  Germany,  and  on  the  7th  of 
June,  1873,  took  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Philosophy  at  the  Royal  University,  Bres- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


527 


lau.  He  then  left  for  Canada,  to  occupy 
the  chair  of  chemistry  and  physics  in  Vic- 
toria College,  Cobourg.  His  coming  to  Co- 
bourg  caused  the  erection  of  Faraday  Hall, 
in  1876,  a  brick  building,  50  by  100  foet, 
admirably  arranged  for  the  purpose  it  is 
intended,  and  equipped  with  apparatus  se- 
lected by  the  professor  himself  in  the  cities 
of  London,  Paris,  Bonn,  Leipzig,  Dresden 
and  Berlin.  While  at  the  University  of 
Breslau  in  1873,  for  the  purpose  of  graduat- 
ing, Professor  Haanel  took  for  his  thesis 
"  The  galvanometric  method  for  the  deter- 
mination of  the  earth's  magnetism  and  its 
oscillations,"  for  which  he  constructed,  in 
accordance  with  his  original  designs,  "  the 
galvanic  bifilar  magnetometer,"  which  at 
this  day  constitutes  the  principal  instru- 
ment for  observation  at  the  magnetic  obser- 
vatory connected  with  the  University  of 
Breslau.  A  few  years  ago  it  occurred  to 
him  that  he  might  remove  the  difficulty  ex- 
perienced by  students  in  distinguishing  the 
oxyd  coating  on  charcoal  of  bismuth  from 
the  similar  one  of  lead,  by  converting  these 
coatings  into  iodides,  and  his  experiments 
turned  out  very  satisfactory.  (See  paper 
read  by  him  "  On  the  application  of  hydro- 
die  acid  as  a  blowpipe  re-agent,"  before  the 
Royal  Society  of  Canada,  May  25,  1883. 
The  method  adopted  then  was  to  touch  the 
coatings  with  a  drop  of  strong  hydriodic 
acid,  and  direct  the  blowpipe  flame  upon 
the  charcoal  just  in  front  of  the  moistened 
spot.  The  heat  of  the  blowpipe  flame  vola- 
tilized the  respective  iodides,  which  were 
deposited  again  upon  the  cooler  parts  of 
the  charcoal,  at  a  greater  distance  from  the 
assay.  The  iodide  of  lead  gave  a  magnifi- 
cent canary-yellow  coating,  the  bismuth  a 
chocolate  brown  ;  cadmium  and  antimony, 
when  treated  in  a  similar  manner,  a  white 
and  brick-red  coating  respectively.  In  the 
extension  of  this  method  to  other  substances 
he  found  that  other  iodides  of  very  charac- 
teristic colours  were  formed.  Many  of 
these  were,  however,  altogether  too  volatile 
to  be  deposited  satisfactorily  on  the  char- 
coal, charcoal  being  too  poor  a  conductor  of 
heat  to  lower  the  temperature  of  the  vapours 
of  the  iodides  in  question  sufficiently  to  per- 
mit of  their  condensation  arid  consequent 
deposition  as  coatings.  In  order  to  utilise 
to  the  fullest  extent  the  value  of  hydriodic 
acid  as  a  blowpipe  re-agent,  it  became  ne- 
cessary to  adopt  a  support  which,  on  account 
of  its  better  conductivity,  would  condense 
the  various  volatile  iodides  on  its  surface  as 
coatings.  The  choice  of  the  kind  of  support 
best  suited  was  farther  restricted  by  the 


following  characteristics  which  a  support, 
to  prove  entirely  practical  and  satisfactory, 
should  possess.  1.  It  must  be  cheap  and 
easily  made  ;  2.  The  surface  of  the  support 
must  be  smooth  and  white,  to  bring  out  the 
colours  of  the  coatings,  uninfluenced  by 
peculiarities  of  surface  or  admixture  of  tint 
of  the  support  ;  3.  It  must  resist  the  heat 
of  the  blowpipe  flame ;  4.  It  must  be  of 
sufficiently  porous  texture  to  absorb  the  hy- 
di  jdic  acid,  and  supply  it  to  the  assay 
gradually  and  constantly  during  the  pro- 
gress of  the  operation.  After  some  reflec- 
tion and  experimentation,  he  finally  adopted 
plaster  of  Paris  casts  in  the  form  of  narrow 
thin  tablets  as  the  support,  and  found  that 
it  possessed  the  above-mentioned  charac- 
teristics in  an  eminent  degree.  Though  a 
German,  Professor  Haanel  speaks  the  Eng- 
lish language  with  eloquence  and  fluency  ; 
he  is  clear  and  concise  as  well  as  accurate 
in  his  enunciation  ;  an  attractive  lecturer,  a 
successful  experimenter,  and  a  laborious  and 
untiring  enthusiast  at  his  work.  He  was 
married  on  the  5th  of  November,  1866,  to 
Julia  F.  Darling,  of  Lake  Ridge,  Michigan, 
United  States,  a  graduate  of  Albion  College, 
and  they  have  a  family  of  five  children. 

Kelly,  Thomas  Eugene,  Joliette, 
Province  of  Quebec,  was  born  at  Joliette,  in 
1861.  He  is  a  son  of  Francis  Kelly  and 
Mary  Collins,  his  wife.  Th<  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  educated  at  Bryant  &  Stratton's 
Business  College,  at  Montreal,  taking  the 
commercial  course.  He  afterwards  travelled 
extensively  through  the  Western  States.  He 
is  a  Roman  Catholic  in  religion,  and  is  un- 
married. He  is  engaged  in  the  manufuctur- 
ing  and  wholesale  lumber  business,  being  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Kelly  Bros.,  Joliette, 
Quebec. 

Weir,  W.,  Banker,  Montreal.— There 
are  few  better  known  faces  on  the 
streets  of  Montreal  than  that  of  the  above 
named  gentleman,  head  of  the  banking  firm 
of  W.  Weir  &  Sons,  and  president  of  the 
Banque  Ville  Marie.  Mr.  Weir  was  born  at 
Greenden,  near  Brechin,  Scotland,  on  the 
28th,  October,  1823,  and  came  to  Canada  in 
1842.  Like  a  good  many  successful  Canadians^ 
he  began  life  as  a  teacher,  having  taken  charge 
of  a  public  school  before  he  was  twenty  years 
of  age.  After  two  years  engaged  in  this 
honorable  but  ill  remunerated  occupation, 
during  which  time  he  devoted  himself  to  the 
study  of  the  French  language,  and  having 
further  improved  his  knowledge  of  that 
language  by  a  short  course  at  St.  The're'se 
College,  Mr.  Weir  accepted  a  bookkeeper's 
situation  in  Montreal,  commencing  business 


528 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


on  his  own  account  in  1849.     In  1856  he 
removed  to  Toronto,  where  he  remained  till 
1859,  when  he  returned  to  Montreal.     Dur- 
ing his  stay  in  Toronto  he  published  and 
edited  the  Canadian  Merchants'  Magazine, 
a  monthly  periodical,  the  vigorous  style  of 
its   editorials    soon   bringing  their  author 
into  notice.     In  1858  he  took  the  prize  of 
the  Upper  Canadian  Board  of  Arts  for  the 
best  essay  on  the  manufactures  of  Canada, 
and  contributed  many  articles  to  the  local 
press  on  financial  and  commercial  subjects. 
Among  the   early  promoters  of   what   has 
since  become  known  as  the  National  Policy, 
Mr.  Weir  was  a  leading  spirit.     At  his  sug- 
gestion, and  largely  through  his  exertions, 
the  great  convention  of  manufacturers  was 
convened  at  Toronto  in  1858.     At  this  con- 
vention Mr.  Weir  was  the  secretary,  and  he 
held  the  same  position  in  the  "  Association 
for  the   promotion   of  Canadian   Industry" 
then     formed.       This     society     embraced 
among  its  members  many  prominent   mem- 
bers of  Parliament,  and  its  exertions  and  in- 
fluence secured  the  changes  in  the  tariff  of 
1858   which  gave  the  first  great  impulse  to 
Canada's  manufacturing  industries.     To  the 
present    generation,     Mr.    Weir     is     best 
remembered  for  his   successful    efforts   to 
effect  the  removal  of  the    "  silver  nuisance.'7 
The   suspension   of  specie  payments  in  the 
United  States,  in  1862,  caused  a  large  influx 
into     Canada    of    American    silver     coin, 
which,  passing  current  in  retail  transactions 
and  in   payment  of  wages,   but  not   being 
bankable,    caused    great    loss   and    incon- 
venience to  the  public,    who   had  daily    to 
carry  nearly  all  their  receipts  to  the  brokers' 
offices,  to  be  sold  at  a  discount  for  bankable 
funds.     For  several  years  Mr.   Weir  urged 
upon  the  Government  the  importance  of  re- 
moving the  evil,  and  at  his  suggestion  one 
million  dollars  was  exported  at  the  public 
expense,    he     himself  exporting  a  similar 
amount  by  contract  with  the  leading  com- 
mercial houses.     In  1869,  he   attempted  to 
export  two  millions  more,  but  the  attempt 
fell   through  owing  to  inadequate   support. 
Early  in   1870   (the    late  Hon.  Sir  Francis 
Hincks    having   become  finance   minister), 
Mr.  Weir  succeeded  in  obtaining  the  aid  of 
the    Government    to    remove    the     whole 
depreciated  coin  from  circulation.     He  con- 
tracted with   the  Government  to   effect  its 
removal,  and   carried  through     that  great 
work  with  complete  success.     Five  million 
dollars    were  exported   between  March  and 
July,  1870,   at  a  cost  to  the  Dominion  ex- 
chequer of  $118,000,  the  Government  being 
recouped   by   assuming  the   one   and    two 


dollar  note  circulation,  a  measure  suggested 
by  Mr.  Weir  to  meet  the  objection  on  the 
score  of  expense.  Seventy  banks  and  bank 
agencies  assisted  in  the  work,  the  shipments 
being  made  from  every  place  of  importance 
between  Quebec  and  Sarnia.  The  coin  was 
purchased  at  five,  five  and  half,  and  six  per 
cent  discount,  for  half  and  quarter  dollar 
pieces,  the  smaller  coins,  to  extent  of  $500,- 
000,  being  exported  by  Mr.  Weir  at  his  own 
expense,  making  the  total  amount  exported 
by  him  over  seven  million  dollars,  or  over 
two  hundred  waggon  loads.  Since  1870,  Mr. 
Weir  has  taken  an  active  part  in  discussing 
the  leading  financial  questions  of  the  hour. 
He  assisted  in  reorganizing  the  Jacques  Car- 
tier  Bank,  of  which  he  was  vice-president 
when  offered  the  presidency  of  the  Banque 
Ville  Marie,  a  position  he  has  held  for  the 
last  six  years,  during  which  period  the  bank 
has  trebled  its  business  and  strengthened  its 
position.  To  the  people  of  Cote  St.  Antoine 
and  west  end  of  Montreal,  he  is  best  known 
for  his  services  and  public  spirit  in  securing 
the  opening  up  of  Western  Avenue,  destined 
to  be  the  great  western  entrance  into  the  city. 
Mr.  Weir  married,  in  1849,  a  daughter  of 
the  late  John  Somerville,  of  Chatham,  P.Q., 
and  has  five  sons  living,  and  one  son  and  one 
daughter  deceased.  Three  sons  are  in  busi- 
ness ;  the  two  youngest  are  graduates  of 
McGill  University,  Arthur  the  youngest 
being  already  well  known  as  a  talented 
writer  both  in  prose  and  verse. 

Madill,  Frank,  M.A.,  M.P.  for  North 
Ontario,  Barrister,  etc. ,  Beaverton,  Ontario, 
was  born  in  the  township  of  Scott,  in  the 
county  of  Ontario,  province  of  Ontario, 
November  23rd.  1852.  He  is  youngest  son 
of  Henry  and  Eliza  Madill,  who  came  to 
Canada  from  Monaghan,  Ireland,  in  1837, 
and  eventually  settled  in  the  township  of 
Scott.  Henry  Madill  is  one  of  the  old 
pioneers,  and  was  for  many  years  a  prom- 
inent member  of  the  council  of  that  muni- 
cipality, until  his  removal  to  the  village  of 
Vroomanton,  in  same  county,  a  few  years 
ago,  where  he  and  his  good  lady  still  reside, 
amidst  a  large  circle  of  children,  gra^d- 
children  and  friends,  universally  respected. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated 
at  Uxbridge  and  Whitby  high  schools,  and 
the  University  of  Toronto,  where  he  grad- 
uated B.A.,  in  1873,  and  M.A.  in  1876; 
studied  law  in  the  office  of  the  late  Hon. 
John  Billiard  Cameron,  Q.C.,  M.P.,  and 
was  called  to  the  bar  of  Ontario,  Michaelmas 
Term,  1877,  and  still  practises  his  profession 
at  Beaverton.  During  his  university  course 
he  was  one  of  the  university  athletes,  and 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


529 


held  the  championship  of  the  university. 
He  was  also  a  prominent  member  of  the 
university  football  team, — the  champions 
of  the  Dominion  for  four  years.  He  was 
lieutenant  of  No.  4  company,  34th  bat- 
talion, V.M.I.,  and  is  now  paymaster  of 
the  same  battalion,  with  rank  of  captain. 
He  was  first  returned  to  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly of  Ontario,  4th  June,  1881,  and  sat 
until  the  general  election,  1883,  at  which  he 
was  defeated  by  twenty  votes.  At  the  last 
general  election  for  the  House  of  Com- 
mons he  was  elected  for  the  same  riding  by 
a  majority  of  158,  over  A.  P.  Cockburn, 
ex-M.P.  He  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and 
supporter  of  the  government  of  Right  Hon. 
Sir  John  A.  Macdonald.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Royal  Black 
Knights,  and  was  at  one  time  D.M.  of 
King  Solomon  Preceptory,  292,  at  Toronto. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  Liberal-Conservative  Union  of  Onta- 
rio ;  is  a  Freemason,  and  is  an  ex-warden 
of  Murray  lodge,  Beaverton.  He  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  all  political  contests  in  the 
Midland  District,  but  has  never  taken  any 
active  part  in  municipal  matters.  He  is 
commodore  of  the  Beaverton  Yacht  Club, 
vice-president  of  the  Beaverton  Gun  Club, 
and  president  of  the  Chicker  Lacrosse  Club. 
His  travels  have  been  confined  to  the  United 
States  and  Canada.  He  has  always  belonged 
to  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Canada,  in 
connection  with  the  Church  of  Scotland, 
known  as  the  "  old  Kirk,"  of  which  his 
father  is  an  elder.  He  was  married  on  the 
5th  day  of  May,  1886,  to  Florrie,  eldest 
daughter  of  Charles  T.  Young,  of  Beaverton, 
one  of  the  village  fathers. 

Wei  ton,  Daniel  Morse,  D.D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Hebrew,  Baptist  College,  Toronto, 
Ont.,  was  born  in  Aylesford,  Nova  Scotia, 
July  20th,  1831.  His  father  was  Sydney 
Welton,  and  his  mother,  Isabel  Morse.  His 
ancestors  on  both  the  father  and  mother's 
side  came  from  New  England  at  the  time 
of  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  prepared  for 
college  in  Horton  Collegiate  Academy,  Nova 
Scotia  ;  entered  Acadia  College,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, in  1850,  and  graduated  therefrom  in 
1855.  After  occupying  the  place  of  tutor  in 
Acadia  College  for  twelve  months  (1856),  he 
went  to  Newton  Theological  Institution, 
Mass. ,  where  he  remained  a  year.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1857,  he  was  ordained  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Windsor  Baptist  Church,  Nova 
Scotia,  which  position  he  filled  till  Octo- 
ber, 1874,  when  he  was  called  to  the  chair 
of  Hebrew  and  Systematic  Theology  in  the 
Theological  Department  of  Acadia  College. 
GG 


He  remained  here  till  1883,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  two  years  (1876  and  1877)  which  he 
spent  in  Leipzic,  Germany,  engaged  chiefly 
in  Semitic  studies  under  Professor  Delit- 
zach.  He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Philosophy  from  the  University  of  Leipzic 
in  1878,  his  dissertation  for  the  same  being 
"  The  History  of  Hebrew  Learning  in  Eng- 
land." His  Semitic  studies  in  Leipzic  chiefly 
embraced  the  Hebrew,  Chaldee,  Syriac, 
Samaritan  and  Arabic.  In  1883,  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  chair  of  Hebrew  and  Old  Tes- 
tament Interpretation  in  Toronto  Baptist  Col- 
lege, which  he  fills  at  the  present  time.  In 
1884  he  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Acadia  College,  his  alma  mater.  In  the  years 
1876,  1877  and  3878  he  also  visited  London, 
Paris,  Berlin,  Vienna,  and  the  principal  cities 
of  Italy.  He  was  married  to  Sarah  Eliza 
Messenger,  daughter  of  David  and  Catherine 
Messenger,  September  23rd,  1857. 

Gagnon,  Hon.  €harle§  Antoine 
lamest,  M.P.P.,  Kamouraska,  was  born 
at  Riviere  Ouelle,  Quebec,  on  the  4th  of 
December,  1846.  The  family  came  origin- 
ally from  Vendee,  France,  and  settled  in 
Canada  in  ]  633,  being  thus  one  of  the  oldest 
Canadian  families,  having  representatives 
still  living.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is 
the  son  of  Antoine  Gagnon,  merchant,  of 
Riviere  Ouelle,  and  a  nephew  of  Senator 
Pelletier,  C.M.G.  He  was  educated  at  St. 
Anne's  College,  and  was  very  successful  in 
his  studies.  Taking  up  the  study  of  law, 
he  was  appointed  notary  public  in  1869. 
In  ]870  he  married  Marie  Malvina,  third 
daughter  of  Francis  Gagnon,  farmer. 
Throughout  his  life,  Mr.  Gagnon  has  taken 
the  keenest  interest  in  politics  and  has 
done  yeoman  service  to  the  Liberal  party 
with  which  he  is  identified,  in  numberless 
contests  in  both  Provincial  and  Dominion 
affairs.  He  also  directed  considerable  at- 
tention to  municipal  affairs,  his  knowledge 
of  those  being  recognized  by  his  appoint- 
ment as  secretary  of  the  municipality,  and, 
later,  secretary  of  the  Board  of  School  Com- 
missioners. He  also  fills  the  office  of  trea- 
surer of  the  Fabrique.  He  was  president 
of  the  board  of  liquidators  of  the  late  Stad- 
acona  Fire  and  Life  Insurance  Company  of 
Quebec.  In  October,  1885,  he  was  appoint- 
ed president  of  the  Board  of  Notaries,  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  and  this  position 
he  still  holds.  In  1873  he  was  appointed 
valuator  for  the  St.  Lawrence  District  of 
the  Intercolonial  Railway,  which  was  then 
under  construction,  and  a  year  later  was  ap- 
pointed receiver  of  wreck  for  the  district  of 
Kamouraska,  holding  those  offices  c&ncur- 


530 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


rently  until  March,  1878,  when  he  resigned 
to  contest  Kamouraska  in  the  Liberal  inter- 
est. He  was  successful  in  the  contest,  as  he 
was  in  the  next  election  in  1881.  He  was 
unseated  after  this  election,  each  party  pay- 
ing its  costs,  but  was  again  elected  in  1883, 
and  has  continued  to  represent  the  constit- 
uency ever  since.  He  was  one  of  the  strong- 
est and  ablest  supporters  of  the  Joly  admin- 
istration during  its  short  career,  and  when 
the  Liberal  party  went  into  opposition  he 
rapidly  came  to  the  front  as  a  leading  man 
in  the  small  but  resolute  band  which  op- 
posed the  policy  and  methods  of  the  Conser- 
vative government  under  its  successive  lead- 
ers. When  the  Nationalist  agitation  arose, 
he  took  the  same  position  as  his  leader,  Mr. 
Mercier,  that  the  interests  of  the  Dominion 
demanded  that  a  fair  field  should  be  given 
to  the  people  of  Quebec,  and  that  union  on 
the  part  of  those  people  was  the  best  means 
of  calling  attention  to  their  demands.  Bat- 
tling strongly  on  this  line,  it  was  natural 
that  when  the  Nationalist  cause  triumphed 
under  Mr.  Mercier's  leadership,  Mr.  Gagnon 
should  be  called  to  a  position  of  honor  and 
responsibility.  He  was  sworn  in  as  Provin- 
cial Secretary  and  member  of  the  Executive 
Council  on  29th  June,  1887. 

Reid,  Rev.  €harle§  Peter,  Sher- 
brooke,  Quebec,  was  born  at  Cornwall,  Ont., 
on  the  14th  of  August,  1811.  He  was  the 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  James  Reid,  D.D., 
for  fifty  years  rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Fre- 
leighsburg.  He  was  educated  at  the  Gram- 
mar School  founded  by  the  Royal  Institution 
in  Montreal,  and  taught  by  the  late  Alex. 
Scakel,  and  for  a  while  at  the  similar  school 
in  Quebec,  taught  by*  the  Rev.  R.  R.  Bur- 
rage.  He  took  his  Divinity  course  at  the 
Theological  Seminary  at  Chambly,  at  which 
the  late  Rev.  J.  Braithwaite,  M.A.,  was  the 
principal.  He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate 
by  the  Right  Reverend  Dr.  Stewart,  bishop 
of  Quebec,  on  the  23rd  of  June,  1835,  and  to 
the  priesthood  at  the  first  ordination  held 
by  the  late  Right  Reverend  Dr.  Mountain, 
bishop  of  Quebec,  on  the  first  of  Nov.,  1836. 
His  first  mission  after  his  ordination  was 
Rawdon,  in  the  present  diocese  of  Montreal, 
where  he  remained  a  short  time.  He  re- 
moved from  Rawdon  to  St.  John's,  as 
curate  to  the  Rev.  D.  Baldwin,  and  mis- 
sionary at  Laprairie.  While  at  St  John's 
he  was  married  to  Julia  Gray,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  John  Gray  of  her  Majesty's  Cus- 
toms. He  then  removed  to  Compton,  where 
he  remained  fourteen  years,  building  two 
churches,  and  organizing  the  work  of  the 
mission  on  a  secure  basis.  On  the  1st  of 


April,  1854,  he  was  appointed  to  Sher- 
brooke,  of  which  place  he  has  been  rector  for 
thirty  years.  During  this  long  ministry 
the  church  under  his  charge  has  grown  into 
a  strong  and  flourishing  one,  and  he  has 
been  identified  with  every  good  work  which 
has  been  accomplished  in  the  town.  Not 
only  by  active  interest,  but  by  liberal 
donations,  he  has  helped  to  support  various 
charitable  institutions.  Bishop's  College, 
Lennoxville,  is  specially  indebted  to  him. 
There  are  few  figures  more  widely  known  or 
more  truly  beloved  throughout  the  whole 
District  of  St.  Francis,  than  that  of  Dr. 
Reid.  He  is  spending  his  ripe  old  age  in 
Sherbrooke,  and,  still  active  in  mind  and 
body,  is  never  so  happy  as  when  assisting 
in  the  services  of  God's  house  or  ministering 
in  his  old  field  of  labor,  to  those  who  have 
become  endeared  to  him  by  a  life-time  of 
loving  intercourse.  Dr.  Reid  has  been 
one  of  the  trustees  of  Bishop's  College  from 
the  foundation,  in  1843.  He  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  M.A.,  in  1855,  and  of 
D.C.L.,  in  1884.  He  has  been  for  many 
years  rural  dean  of  the  District  of  St. 
Francis. 

Power,  Miehael  JTosepli,  was  born 
at  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  23rd  day  of 
February,  1834.  He  is  the  son  of  Michael 
Power.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Ann  Lonergan.  Both  parents  are  natives  of 
Waterford,  Ireland.  Mr.  Power  received 
his  early  education  at  the  Union  Academy, 
in  Halifax.  He  is  a  prominent  representa- 
tive of  the  Roman  Catholics  in  that  city. 
Mr.  Power  has  taken  an  active  interest  in 
civic  affairs  for  many  years.  He  was  an 
alderman  for  six  years,  representing  ward  4. 
He  has  also  been  chairman  of  the  City  Board 
of  Works  for  one  term  ;  chairman  of  the 
Fire  department  for  eight  years  ;  vice-chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  School  Commissioners 
for  two  years  ;  and  president  of  the  Charit- 
able Irish  Society.  He  does  business  at  75 
Buckingham  street,  Halifax.  He  is  the  Im- 
perial government  army  contractor  for  land 
transport.  In  his  younger  days  he  took 
considerable  interest  in  militia  affairs,  hold- 
ing various  commissions  in  the  63rd  bat- 
talion of  Rifles,  and  is  now  retired  with  the 
rank  of  captain.  Mr.  Power's  connection 
with  the  city  council  brought  him  into  re- 
lations with  the  Commissioners  of  Public 
Gardens,  of  which  body  he  is  vice-chairman. 
He  is  also  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  Halifax 
county.  At  the  general  election  of  1878, 
Mr.  Power,  together  with  Hon.  P.  C.  Hill, 
then  Provincial  Secretary  and  Premier,  and 
Donald  Archibald,  M.  P.  P.  for  several 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


531 


terms,  &nd  now  high  sheriff  of  the  county 
of  Halifax,  were  the  candidates  of  the  Lib- 
eral party,  running  in  opposition  to  Charles 
J.  McDonald,  W.  D.  Harrington  and  John 
Pugh.  The  Conservatives  carried  the  elec- 
tions and  the  Liberals  were  out  of  power 
for  one  term.  But  in  the  next  elections  in 
1882,  Mr.  Power,  running  with  Hon.  W.  S. 
Fielding,  now  Provincial  Secretary  and 
Premier,  and  Jas,  G.  Foster,  against  W.  D. 
Harrington,  Jonathan  Parsons  and  John 
Pugh,  was  elected.  Messrs.  Fielding  and 
Harrington  were  also  elected,  Halifax  being 
represented  in  that  legislature  by  two  Libe- 
rals and  one  Conservative.  At  the  general 
election  of  1886,  Mr.  Power,  Hon.  W.  S. 
Fielding  and  William  Roche,  jr.,  defeated 
John  Y.  Payzant,  W.  D.  Harrington  and 
James  N.  Lyons  by  over  1000  majority. 
On  the  assembling  of  the  Local  parliament, 
Mr.  Power  was  elected  Speaker  of  the 
House.  He  married  on  the  20th  November, 
1860,  Ann  Sophia,  daughter  of  the  late  Pat- 
rick Kent,  a  Halifax  merchant.  In  politics 
Mr.  Power  is  a  Liberal. 

Paquet,  Rev.  Benjamin,  Priest  and 
Household  Prelate  to  his  Holiness  Leo  XII L, 
Doctor  of  Theology,  Superior  of  the  Quebec 
Seminary,  and  Rector  of  Laval  University, 
was  born  at  St.  Nicholas,  county  of  Levis,  in 
1832.  His  father  was  Etienne  Paquet,  hus- 
bandman, captain  of  militia,  and  descend- 
ant of  an  old  French  family.  He  was  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  citizens  of  the  coun- 
ty of  Levis.  His  mother  was  Ursule  Lam- 
bert. He  received  his  education  at  the  Que- 
bec Seminary  and  Laval  University.  After 
having  finished  his  classical  course,  he  gave 
himself  up  to  theology,  to  prepare  for  the 
priesthood.  After  having  been  employed 
in  the  active  ministry  for  five  years  as  priest 
at  the  Basilica,  Quebec,  he  entered  the  Sem- 
inary of  Quebec  as  professor  of  belles  lettres 
about  a  year.  Tn  1863,  he  went  to  Rome  to 
complete  his  theological  studies,  with  the 
intention  of  teaching  in  the  faculty  of  the- 
ology at  Laval.  He  studied  at  Rome  for 
three  years,  at  the  celebrated  Roman  Col- 
lege, where  he  took  his  degrees.  He  re- 
turned to  Quebec,  and  taught  moral  theol- 
ogy at  Laval  University  for  a  great  number 
of  years.  He  was  afterwards  purveyor  of 
Quebec  Seminary  for  five  years.  During 
this  interval,  he  built  the  new  Quebec  Sem- 
inary, one  of  the  most  beautiful  edifices  of 
the  Dominion.  After  having  been  director 
of  the  Grand  Seminary  for  two  years,  he  was, 
in  1887,  appointed  Superior  of  the  Seminary 
and  Rector  of  Laval  University.  In  1878, 
he  was  appointed  secret  domestic  to  his 


Holiness  Pope  Pius  IX.,  on  account  of  his 
eminent  services  to  religion  in  the  cause  of 
Laval  University.  In  1888,  he  was  given, 
by  Pope  Leo  XIII.,  the  title  of  household 
prelate  to  his  Holiness,  which  entitles  him 
to  take  part  in  the  court  of  honor  of  his 
Eminence  Cardinal  Taschereau.  Doctor 
Paquet  has  made  five  trips  to  Europe  in  the 
interests  of  Laval  University,  and  sojourn- 
ed in  Rome  eight  years. 

Campbell,  Sir  Alexander,  K.C. 
M.G. ,  Lieutenant- Governor  of  Ontario,  resi- 
dence Toronto.  Like  several  of  Canada's 
leading  statesmen,  Sir  Alexander  Campbell 
was  not  born  in  this  country,  but  he  was  only 
two  years  old  when  his  father,  an  English 
physician,  came  to  Canada  in  the  year  1823, 
and  took  up  his  residence  at  Lachine,  in  the 
province  of  Quebec.  Sir  Alexander's  birth- 
place was  the  village  of  Hedon,  near  Kings- 
ton-upon-Hull,  in  Yorkshire,  England  ;  and 
he  has  ever  retained  the  warmest  sentiments 
of  loyalty  and  attachment  to  the  British 
empire.  Sir  Alexander's  parents  gave  him 
the  best  educational  advantages  the  country 
afforded.  They  placed  him  first  under  the 
tuition  of  a  Presbyterian  clergyman,  and 
afterwards  sent  him  to  St.  Hyacinthe  Col- 
lege, Quebec,  and  still  later  to  the  Royal 
Grammar  School  at  Kingston,  Ontario.  He 
was  of  a  studious  turn  of  mind  ;  and,  al- 
though he  left  school  at  what  would  now  be 
considered  a  comparatively  early  age,  he 
had  imbibed  all  the  essential  elements  of  a 
liberal  education.  At  St.  Hyacinthe  College 
he  acquired  a  considerable  knowledge  of  the 
French  language,  and  a  consequent  interest 
in  French  literature  which  has  accompanied 
him  through  life.  On  occasion  he  could 
make  a  French  speech  in  the  Senate  ; 
though  he  rarely  exercised  the  gift,  and  only 
perhaps  to  meet  some  playful  challenge  of 
the  French  members.  He  studied  the 
classics  also  up  to  a  certain  point ;  but  above 
all  he  acquired  a  knowledge  and  command 
of  his  own  language,  and  a  habit  of  using 
words  with  a  peculiar  force  and  directness. 
The  phrase  may  not  always  be  the  smoothest, 
but  it  has  a  quality  that  tells — something  a 
trifle  Csesarean  in  its  brevity  and  point. 
However  this  is  a  good  opportunity  for  re- 
minding ourselves  of  Button's  dictum  that 
"le  style  c'est  I'homme."  Mere  school  edu- 
cation does  not  give  this.  A  man  may 
learn  at  school  to  avoid  technical  errors  of 
speech  ;  but  the  style  he  eventually  acquires 
will  be  more  or  less  the  reflex  of  his  own 
personality.  Mr.  Campbell  was  only  seven- 
teen years  of  age  when  he  entered  on  the 
study  of  the  law  at  Kingston,  whither  his 


532 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


family  had  some  years  previously  removed. 
No  stories  have  reached  us  of  his  student 
days,  but  he  seems  to  have  applied  himself 
earnestly  to  his  work,  seeing  that  he  was 
able,  on  completing  his  course  and  being 
called  to  the  bar,  to  form  a  partnership  im- 
mediately with  John  A.  (now  Sir  John) 
Macdonald,  whose  reputation  even  then  was 
rapidly  growing.  The  partnership  subsisted 
for  many  years  under  the  name  of  Macdon- 
ald and  Campbell ;  and  the  business,  in  the 
hands  of  these  two  exceptionally  able  men, 
was  a  lucrative  one.  Politics,  however, 
soon  began  to  absorb  the  attention  of  the 
senior  partner,  and  the  burden  of  the  office 
work  fell  upon  Mr.  Campbell.  The  experi- 
ence which  the  latter  thus  acquired,  aided 
by  his  studies,  made  him  one  of  the  sound- 
est lawyers  at  the  bar  of  Upper  Canada  ; 
and  had  he  not,  while  still  a  comparatively 
young  man,  diverged  into  politics,  there  is 
little  doubt  that  he  might  long  since  have 
occupied  a  distinguished  position  on  the 
bench.  It  was  in  the  year  1858  that  Mr. 
Campbell  made  his  debut  in  politics  by 
carrying  an  election  for  the  Cataraqui  di- 
vision, and  taking  his  seat  in  the  Legisla- 
tive Council  of  Old  Canada.  He  very 
quickly  familiarised  himsiilf  with  his  new 
surroundings,  and  became  an  efficient  a,nd 
highly  esteemed  member  of  the  Upper 
House.  No  new  member  probably  ever  had 
less  crudeness  or  inexperience  to  rub  off ; 
and  no  one  seemed  at  all  surprised  when, 
in  three  or  four  years  after  his  first  election, 
the  member  for  Cataraqui  division  was 
placed  in  the  Speaker's  chair.  The  position 
was,  indeed,  one  for  which,  by  tempera- 
ment and  character,  he  was  pre-eminently 
fitted,  but  not  one  in  which  his  practical 
energies  could  find  much  scope  ;  and  a 
wider  sphere  of  usefulness  was  opened  up 
to  him,  while  the  administrative  strength  of 
the  government  of  1864  received  a  great 
reinforcement  when  the  Speaker  of  the 
Council  was  assigned  to  the  position  of  Com- 
missioner of  Crown  Lands.  Here  his  know- 
ledge of  law  and  prompt  business  methods 
found  ample  exercise,  and  it  was  admitted 
on  all  hands  that  he  filled  the  office  in  an 
admirable  manner.  From  this  time  forward 
Mr.  Campbell  was  looked  upon  as  one  of 
the  strong  men  of  his  party,  though  one 
whose  strength  was  shown  rather  in  council 
than  in  fight.  His  was  the  balanced  judg- 
ment and  sound  knowledge  of  affairs,  and 
one  can  only  regret  that  the  influence  he 
was  so  fitted  to  exert,  and  must  at  many 
critical  moments  have  exerted,  in  favor  of 
sound,  safe  and  honorable  methods  of 


party  management,  could  not  have  asserted 
itself  at  all  times.  A  very  ugly  chapter  of 
Canadian  political  history  might  then  never 
have  been  written.  In  1867  the  first  gov- 
ernment of  the  Dominion  was  constituted 
under  the  leadership  of  the  then  newly 
knighted  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald,  and  Mr. 
Campbell  was  sworn  in  as  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral. The  new  position  did  not  call,  to  the 
same  extent  as  the  previous  one,  for  the 
exercise  of  legal  acumen,  but  it  involved 
dealing  with  large  public  interests  and  a 
very  extended  patronage.  During  the  per- 
iod that  Mr.  Campbell  remained  at  the  head 
of  the  post  office  much  solid  progress  was 
made,  in  all  of  which  he  took  a  lively 
interest,  and  exerted  a  judicious  control. 
As  regards  the  patronage  of  the  department, 
it  was  administered  by  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral with  a  constant  eye  to  the  good  of  the 
service,  and  occasionally  with  a  wholesome 
indifference  to  mere  party  demands.  One 
of  the  chief  characteristics  of  Mr.  Campbell 
during  his  administrative  career  was  that 
he  was  never  willing  to  descend  to  the  level 
of  the  mere  party  politician.  Some  have 
said  that  this  was  due  to  the  fact  that  his 
position  exempted  him  from  dependence  on 
the  popular  vote ;  but  we  have  seen  other 
senators  whose  high  position  did  not  seem 
to  exercise  any  very  elevating  effect  on  their 
political  methods.  After  a  six  years'  tenure, 
exactly,  of  the  Post  Office  department,  Mr, 
Campbell  accepted  the  portfolio  of  the  newly 
constituted  department  of  the  Interior. 
Here  everything  was  to  create,  order  had 
to  be  called  out  of  a  most  discouraging 
chaos  ;  but  the  new  minister  was  proceeding 
bravely  with  his  task,  when  the  government 
of  which  he  was  a  member  met  an  inglorious 
defeat  over  the  "  Pacific  Scandal."  The 
operations  which  led  to  this  result  had  been 
carried  on  wholly  without  Mr.  Campbell's 
knowledge  :  he  was  not  indeed  the  kind  of 
a  man  to  whom  the  schemes  formed  at  that 
time  for  creating  an  election  fund  were 
likely  to  be  confided.  He  did  not,  however, 
like  Sir  Richard  Cartwright,  see  in  the  oc- 
currences to  which  we  are  referring  sufficient 
reason  for  separating  himself  from  his  party. 
He  probably  judged  that  he  could  render 
better  service  to  the  country  in  the  ranks  of 
the  Conservative  party  than  anywhere  else  ; 
and  he  looked  forward,  doubtless,  to  the 
time  when  that  party,  rendered  wiser  by 
experience,  would  again  be  called  to  con- 
trol the  destinies  of  the  country.  From 
1873  to  1878  Mr.  Campbell  acted  as  leader 
of  the  opposition  in  the  Senate,  and  dis- 
charged the  duties  pf  the  position  with  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


533 


same  ability  as  well  as  with  the  same  fair- 
ness  and   moderation  as  when  he  had  re- 
presented the  government.     To  act  a  really 
factious   part   was,    we    may    say,    almost 
wholly  out  of  his  power  :  certainly,  it  would 
have   been  foreign   to    his  nature.     When 
the  Conservative  party  returned  to  office  in 
November,  1878,  Mr.  Campbell  first  accept- 
ed the  position  of  Receiver-General,  but  in 
the  spring  of  1879  he  returned  to  his  old 
office   of   Postmaster-General.     Thence    he 
passed  in  the  month  of  January,  1880,  to  the 
department  of  Militia  and  Defence,  which, 
during  a  brief  term  of  office,  he  did  not  a 
little  to  invigorate.     The  end  of  the  year 
saw  him  back  in  the  Post  Office  department, 
which  he  again  left  in  the  month  of  May  of 
the  year  following  (1881),    to  assume   the 
portfolio  of  Justice.     Meantime  (24th  May, 
1879)  he   had  been  created  by  her  Majesty 
a  Knight   Commander  of   the  Order  of  St. 
Michael  and  St.    George,  an  honor  which 
his  eminent  public  services  had  very  fully 
merited.     Sir  Alexander  remained  at  the 
head  of  the  department  of  Justice  until  the 
latter  part  of  the  year  1885,  when  he  once 
more  returned  to   the  Post  Office  depart- 
ment, which  he  finally  left  in  the  spring  of 
1887  to  accept  the  Lieutenant-Governorship 
of  Ontario.     His  appointment  to  the  latter 
office  was  viewed  with  pleasure  and  appro- 
val,  even  by  his  political  opponents.     On 
all  hands  it  was  felt  that  in  Sir  Alexander 
Campbell  her  Majesty   would  have  one  of 
the  most  constitutional  of  representatives, 
such  a  man   as  she  probably  would  herself 
have  delighted  to  choose  for  the  position. 
Before  proceeding  to  Toronto,  however,  Sir 
Alexander  went  to  England  at  the  request 
of  the  government,  to  represent  Canada  at 
the  Colonial  conference.     That   conference 
was  not  empowered  to  enact  any  measures, 
or  even  to  concert  any  scheme,  for  the  mo- 
dification of  the  relations  existing  between 
Great   Britain   and   the     colonies ;    but  it 
gave  an  opportunity  for  a  confidential  ex- 
change  of  views  between   members   of  the 
British  government  and  leading  represen- 
tatives of  the  colonies  ;  and  there  is  little 
doubt  that  it  has  smoothed  the  way  for  the 
future  discussion  of  questions  of  the  great- 
est moment.     As  a  departmental  chief,  Sir 
Alexander  Campbell  was  deservedly  popu- 
lar.    He  was  not,  perhaps,  the  most  acces- 
sible of  men,  and  his  general  manner  may 
have  been  a  trifle  distant  and  brief  ;  but  it 
was  soon  discovered  that  he  had   a   kind 
heart  and  a  strong  sense  of  justice.     He  was 
not  a  man  to  be  trifled  with ;  he  believed 
in  holding  men  to  their  duty  ;  but  on  the 


ther  hand,  he  was  always  glad  of  an  op- 
portunity of  rewarding  faithful  service.  He 
lad  a  keen  insight  into  character,^  and  had, 
sonsequently,  little  difficulty  in  dealing  with 
men  on  their  merits.  His  confidence  was 
eldom  given  where  it  was  not  deserved,  or 
withheld  where  it  was  deserved.  He  was 
always  ready  to  form  his  own  independent 
opinion  on  any  matter  properly  submitted 
;o  him,  and  having  formed  his  opinion,  he 
oiew  how  to  stand  by  it.  No  department  of 
the  government  came  amiss  to  him,  for  the 
simple  reason  that  his  sound  business  me- 
thods were  applicable  everywhere.  How 
useful  such  a  man  must  have  been  to  the 
cabinet  as  a  whole,  and  particularly  to  its 
.eader,  may  be  imagined,  but  the  full  details 
are  not  likely  ever  to  become  known.  It 
will  be  remembered  that  while  Minister  of 
Justice  it  became  the  duty  of  Sir  Alexander 
to  draw  up  a  memorandum  explaining  and 
defending  the  policy  of  the  government  in 
executing  Riel.  This  he  did  in  a  manner 
that  for  force,  conciseness,  and  logic  left 
nothing  to  be  desired.  Perhaps,  however, 
the  chief  merit  of  the  statement  was  the 
strong  accent  of  conviction  that  pervaded 
it.  It  was  not  a  partisan  manifesto  ;  it  was 
the  fitting  utterance  of  the  highest  organ  of 
executive  justice  in  the  country. 

Vidal,  Henry  Beaufort,  Major  in 
the  Infantry  School  Corps.  He  was  born 
on  the  16th  of  May,  1843,  at  the  town  of 
Chatham,  in  the  county  of  Kent.  He  is 
the  only  surviving  son  of  the  late  Alexan- 
der Thomas  Emeric  Vidal,  a  vice-admiral 
in  the  Royal  Navy,  and  for  some  years  a 
resident  in  the  county  of  Lambton,  and 
Marie  Antoinette,  his  wife,  daughter  of  the 
late  Henry  Veitch,  for  many  years  H.B.M's 
Consul-General  in  Madeira.  Vice-Admiral 
Vidal  was  the  youngest,  and  Captain  Vidal, 
R.N.,  of  Sarnia,  the  eldest  son  of  Emeric 
Vidal, who  was  for  many  years  a  flag  officer's 
secretary  in  the  Royal  Navy.  He  preferred 
to  remain  in  the  service  of  Britain  at  the 
time  that  the  remainder  of  his  family  elected 
to  return  to  France,  from  which  country 
their  forefathers  had  emigrated  on  the  re- 
vocation of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  being  at 
that  time  settled  at  the  town  of  Montauban, 
in  the  department  of  Tarn  et  Garonne.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  by  pri- 
vate tutors  and  at  Trinity  College  School  in 
Toronto.  He  was  admitted  as  student-at- 
law  in  Easter  term,  1860,  and  was  called  to 
the  bar  of  Ontario,  Michaelmas  term,  1872. 
He  entered  the  militia  of  Canada  as  ensign 
in  the  24th  battalion,  Lambton,  3rd  August, 
1860.  On  the  23rd  May,  1862,  he  joined 


534 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


the  British  army  as  ensign,  became  a  lieu- 
tenant in  the  4th  regiment  of  foot  on  the 
16th  of  August,  1864,  and  served  with  that 
regiment  in  the  Mediterranean,  India,  Abys- 
sinia, etc.  He  was  present  at  the  action  of 
Arogie  and  capture  of  Magdala.  Having 
retired  from  the  British  army,  he  at  once 
re-entered  the  Canadian  militia,  as  a  captain 
of  the  7th  battalion  "Fusiliers,"  London. 
In  1882  he  became  a  regimental  major  in 
the  12th  battalion,  from  which  corps  he  was 
transferred  to  the  permanent  infantry  on 
its  first  formation.  Major  Vidal  is  a  Free- 
mason, a  Royal  Arch  Mason,  and  is  also  in 
the  A.  &  A.  Rite.  Since  his  return  to  Can- 
ada he  identified  himself  with  the  Conser- 
vative party,  and  is  in  politics  a  Tory.  In 
religion,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England.  He  has  travelled  in  all  the  four 
great  continents.  He  was  married  in  Janu- 
ary, 1869,  to  Kate  Allen,  who  died  in  1884, 
and  by  whom  he  had  issue  (surviving),  an 
only  son  and  daughter.  Charles  Emeric 
Kerr,  the  son,  was  born  on  the  6th  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1870 ;  educated  at  Upper  Canada  Col 
lege,  Toronto,  and  at  the  high  schools  of 
St.  John  and  Halifax.  He  matriculated  as 
student  in  medicine  at  Bishop's  College, 
Lennoxville,  1885  ;  entered  the  militia  of 
Canada  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years  and  ten 
months  as  2nd  lieutenant,  6th  Fusiliers, 
and  became  lieutenant  in  June,  1887. 

Rogers,  Rev.  Jabez  A.,  Windsor, 
Nova  Scotia,  is  the  son  of  David  and  Re- 
becca Rogers,  and  was  born  at  St.  John's, 
Newfoundland,  on  the  first  day  of  March, 
1843.  He  received  his  early  education  at 
the  Wesleyan  Academy  in  St.  John's,  and 
at  the  Grammar  School  in  Harbour  Grace. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  converted  and 
united  with  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  Church, 
an  occasion  of  great  joy  in  his  father's  house- 
hold— prayer  being  turned  into  praise  on  the 
happy  night  when  he  made  his  peace  with 
God.  The  event  was  the  more  a  subject  of 
heart-felt  joy  inasmuch  as  his  friends  had  ex- 
pected that  he  was  destined  for  the  legal  pro- 
fession, a  career  in  which  a  man  of  his  bril- 
liant parts  and  great  eloquence  would  assur- 
edly have  attained  no  mean  place.  Shortly 
after  his  conversion  Mr.  Rogers  felt  that  he 
was  called  to  preach  the  gospel.  He  still 
attended  the  Grammar  School  at  Harbour 
Grace,  devoting  his  time  to  the  study  of  the 
classics  and  the  Greek  Testament,  under  the 
direction  of  the  scholarly  and  accomplished 
Principal,  J.  J.  Roddick.  When  but  seven- 
teen years  of  age  he  preached  his  first  ser- 
mon, and  was  appointed  a  local  preacher  of 
the  Wesleyan  Methodist  church.  He  then 


entered  upon  theological  studies,  with  the 
view  of  preparing  to  offer  himself  as  a  can- 
didate for  the  ministry.  In  his  twentieth 
year  he  was  recommended  by  the  New- 
foundland District  Meeting  to  the  Methodist 
Conference  of  Eastern  British  America,  and 
was  received  on  probation.  This  is  the  first 
step  in  the  Methodist  ministry.  In  June, 
1862,  he  was  appointed  as  a  probationer  to 
Catalina,  Trinity  Bay,  and  in  1864  to  Ex- 
ploits Notre  Dame  Bay,  Newfoundland.  In 
June,  1866,  he  was  received  into  full  con- 
nection by  the  Methodist  Conference  of 
Eastern  British  America,  and  was  ordained 
a  minister  in  full  standing  in  the  Centen- 
ary Church  in  St.  John,  New  Brunswick. 
His  first  appointment  as  minister  was  to 
Charlottetown,  Prince  Edward  Island,  for 
one  year,  as  the  assistant  of  that  great  light 
in  the  Methodist  church,  the  Rev.  Matthew 
Richey,  D.D.  In  the  next  year,  1867, 
Rev.  Mr.  Rogers  was  appointed  to  the 
church  in  Dartmouth,  Nova  Pcotia,  where 
he  remained  the  full  itinerary  term  of  three 
years,  and  gained  a  great  reputation  as  a 
fervid  and  eloquent  preacher.  On  the 
Lyceum  platform  he  also  occasionally  ap- 
peared with  marked  success.  A  very  pop- 
ular and  able  lecture  of  his  was  delivered 
in  Halifax,  Windsor  and  other  places  on  the 
subject  of  "  True  Greatness."  In  more  re- 
cent years  he  has  lectured  on  "  Moral  War- 
fare," "  The  Old  Lamp  and  the  New  Lights," 
and  "The  Land  of  the  Pharaohs."  In  1870 
he  was  appointed  to  Brunswick  Street 
Church,  the  largest  of  the  eight  Methodist 
churches  in  Halifax.  Here  he  remained 
three  years,  or  until  1873,  when  he  removed 
to  Wesley  Church,  Yarmouth.  Three  years 
later  the  exigencies  of  the  itinerary  system 
placed  him  in  Truro.  In  1879  he  removed 
to  the  church  in  Amherst,  and  three  years 
later  he  returned  to  Wesley  Church,  Yar- 
mouth. In  1885  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Methodist  Church  in  Windsor,  a  pulpit 
which  has  for  many  years  been  tilled  by  the 
very  best  men  in  the  ministry.  His  next 
field  of  labour  will  be  Brunswick  Street 
Church  in  Halifax  again,  he  having  received 
an  invitation  to  that  church  in  1887.  Rev. 
Mr.  Rogers  has  always  been  a  hard-work- 
ing man  in  his  chosen  sphere,  and  has  from 
time  to  time  been  honored  with  many  of 
the  most  honorable  offices  in  the  church. 
From  1876  to  1878  he  was  Journal  secretary, 
and  from  1879  to  1884  secretary  of  the 
Nova  Scotia  Conference  of  the  Methodist 
Church  of  Canada.  He  worthily  filled  the 
office  of  chairman  of  district  from  1879  to 
]882,  and  again  from  1884  to  1887.  He 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


535 


was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Conferences 
of  1878, 1882,  1883  and  1886.  He  was  also 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Union  Commit- 
tee which  met  in  Toronto  in  November, 
1882,  and  which  formulated  the  basis  for 
the  union  of  the  different  branches  of  the 
Methodist  church.  This  union,  in  the  face 
of  much  opposition  and  controversy,  was 
consummated  in  1883.  There  were  great 
financial  difficulties  to  be  overcome,  and 
old  time  differences  between  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  and  the  Wesleyans  had  to 
be  smoothed  over.  In  ]884  Rev.  Mr. 
Rogers  was  elected  the  first  president  of  the 
Nova  Scotia  Conference  of  the  Methodist 
church.  In  1870  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Jane  M.,  daughter  of  Rufus  S.  Black, 
M.D.,  of  Halifax,  N.  S.,  grandson  of  the 
Rev.  Wm.  Black,  the  founder  of  Methodism 
in  Nova  Scotia.  The  Black  family  have, 
with  few  exceptions,  continued  staunch 
members  of  the  church  of  their  forefathers. 
Three  years  ago  there  was  opened  at  Sack- 
ville,  N.B.,  a  handsome  memorial  hall  in 
honor  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Black,  on  which 
occasion  Rev.  Mr.  Rogers,  by  appointment, 
represented  the  Nova  Scotia  Conference. 
Rev.  Mr.  Rogers  has  a  family  of  six  child- 
ren living. 

Paquet,  Hon.  An§clme  Homere, 
M.D.,  St.  Cuthbert,  province  of  Quebec, 
Senator  for  De  la  Valliere,  was  born  at  St. 
Cuthbert,  on  the  29th  September,  1830.  He 
is  a  son  of  the  late  Captain  T.  Paquet  and 
Mary  F.  Robillard.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation at  the  College  of  L'Assomption.  He 
is  one  of  the  numerous  pupils  of  the  "  Ecole 
de  Medicine  et  de  Chirurgie  de  Montreal," 
and  was  licensed  as  a  physician  by  the  pro- 
vincial medical  board  on  the  10th  of  May, 
1853.  In  1863,  he  entered  politics,  but  was 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  in  March  of  that 
year  for  the  Legislative  Council.  He  was, 
however,  elected  to  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly in  June,  1863,  where  he  sat  until  Con- 
federation. He  was  elected  for  the  House 
of  Commons  in  1867,  and  again  in  1872, 
after  contests,  and  by  acclamation  in  Jan- 
uary, 3  874.  He  was  called  to  the  Senate  by 
Royal  proclamation  in  February,  1875. 
He  was  president  of  the  Permanent  Build- 
ing Society  of  Berthier,  one  of  the  origin- 
ators and  directors  of  La  Banque  Ville 
Marie,  Montreal,  and  one  of  the  governors 
of  the  Medical  College  of  the  Province  of 
Quebec,  from  1877  till  1880.  He  was  ap- 
pointed in  1879,  as  professor  on  hygiene  in 
the  Medical  School,  Montreal,  affiliated  with 
Victoria  University,  and  is  now  one  of  the 
consulting  physicians  in  Hotel  Dieu  Hospi- 


tal, and  professor  of  medical  clinics  in  the 
same  hospital.  He  was  appointed  in  Sep- 
tember, 1887,  a  member  of  the  provincial 
commission  on  hygiene.  In  religion,  Hon. 
Mr.  Paquet  is  an  adherent  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  church,  and  in  politics  a  Liberal. 
He  was  married  at  L'Assomption,  on  the 
24th  September,  1854,  to  Marie  Alp.  Hen- 
riette  Gariepy,  fourth  daughter  of  Captain 
P.  Gariepy  and  Mary  Roy. 

Kelly,  Samuel  James,  M.D.,  M.S., 
Joliette,  Quebec  province,  was  born  on  the 
12th  of  August,  1856,  at  Joliette.  His  par- 
ents were  Francis  Kelly  and  Mary  Collins, 
He  received  his  classical  education  in  his 
native  parish,  and  prosecuted  his  medical 
studies  in  Quebec  and  Montreal.  Having 
graduated,  he  returned  to  Joliette,  where 
he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and 
has  succeeded  in  building  up  a  good  busi- 
ness. In  addition  to  his  professional  prac- 
tice, he  has  an  interest  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness of  Kelly  &  Brother,  Joliette.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  He 
was  married  on  the  29th  of  November,  1881, 
to  Emmelie  Mandehard. 

Russell,  Willis,  Quebec.— While  this 
work  was  under  compilation,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  somewhat  suddenly  called 
to  appear  before  the  tribunal  of  Heaven, 
after  a  long  and  well-spent  life  of  seventy- 
three  years,  and  with  him  has  passed  away 
one  of  the  oldest  and  best  known  landmarks 
of  the  ancient  capital.  A  local  paper,  the 
Daily  Telegraph,  of  the  17th  October,  1887, 
the  day  after  his  deeply  lamented  death,  had 
the  following  biographical  notice  of  the  de- 
ceased gentleman  : — 

For  nearly  half  a  century  the  name  of  Willis 
Russell  has  been  a  household  word,  not  only  in 
the  city  of  Quebec,  but  amongst  all  who  have 
been  in  the  habit  of  coming  here,  on  visits  of  busi- 
ness or  ol  pleasure,  and  we  know  of  no  one  whose 
loss  would  be  more  widely  felt  than  his,  or  more 
deeply  regretted  amongst  both  residents  in  and 
visitors  to  the  old  rock  city.  A  native  of  one  of 
the  New  England  states,  where  he  was  born  in 
1814,  the  late  Mr.  Russell  took  up  his  abode  in 
Quebec  over  forty-three  years  ago,  and  has  been 
an  uninterrupted  resident  of  our  city  ever  since, 
remaining  identified  all  that  time  with  the  busi- 
ness in  which  he  lived  and  died— the  maintenance 
and  the  management  of  the  principal  hostelries  of 
the  ancient  capital.  It  would  be  difficult  at 
this  distant  date  to  follow  the  deceased  gentleman 
very  minutely  through  the  early  part  of  his  career 
in  this  city.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  in  1844  he  en- 
tered, on  his  arrival  here,  upon  the  business  which 
he  made  his  life  work,  and  that  his  untiring  ef- 
forts to  make  the  houses  which  he  controlled  the 
best  of  their  kind  in  the  locality  never  failed  of 
success.  For  some  time  Mr.  Russell  was  proprie- 
tor of  an  hotel  known,  we  believe,  as  the  St. 
George's,  situated  in  the  old  union  building  on 


536 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Place  d'Armes,  now  the  property  of  Mr.  D.  Mor- 
gan, merchant  tailor.  This  was  before  he  became 
proprietor  of  the  Albion  Hotel,  on  Palace  street, 
which,  during  his  management,  extending  over  a 
long  term  of  years,  was  the  leading  hostelry  of  the 
then  capital  of  united  Canada.  Mr.  Russell's  later 
career  as  proprietor  of  the  St.  Louis  Hotel  and  Rus- 
sell House  is  well  known  to  the  present  generation 
of  Quebecers  aud  to  all  travellers  and  tourists  in 
the  habit  of  visiting  Quebec.  For  some  years  back, 
there  has  not  been  sufficient  business  in  town  to 
keep  both  houses  open  during  the  winter  season, 
but  in  summer  they  are  frequently  crowded  to 
their  utmost  capacity,  and  some  time  back  Mr. 
Russell  also  became  the  lessee  of  the  Albion  Hotel 
on  Palace  street,  and  sometimes  utilised  it  for  the 
excess  of  his  summer  business.  Mr.  Russell's  suc- 
cess in  business  was,  of  course,  largely  due  to  the 
attention  which  he  gave  it,  and  to  his  admirable 
adaptability  for  it.  His  career  is  an  example  to 
all  young  men  about  to  start  out  in  business,  to 
first  select  that  particular  line  to  which  they  feel 
they  can  devote  their  best  energy  and  efforts,  and 
then,  so  far  as  they  legitimately  can,  to  permit 
nothing  to  stand  between  themselves  and  success. 
Mr.  Russell's  attention  to  his  business  was  pro- 
verbial, and  the  comfort  of  his  guests  was  his  first 
and  principal  care.  With  this  object  in  view,  he 
skilfully  contrived  to  have  the  best  possible  menu 
always  before  them,  so  that  travellers  from  all 
parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada  have  al- 
ways been  able  to  claim  that  the  best  tables  to 
which  they  have  been  accustomed  have  been  those 
of  the  St.  Louis  Hotel.  In  the  matter  of  gentle- 
manly and  polite  attendance  the  same  hotel  has 
always  stood  deservedly  high,  the  leading  officials 
connected  with  the  management  having  been  al- 
ways selected  from  those  foremost  in  the  business. 
In  common  with  all  the  citizens  of  Quebec,  Mr. 
Russell  has  been  for  some  time  aware  that  Que- 
bec is  behind  the  age  in  the  matter  of  a  proper 
hotel  building.  He  has  always  been  foremost, 
therefore,  in  the  various  efforts  that  have  been 
made  to  secure  a  new  hotel  for  our  city.  A  few 
years  ago  it  seemed  as  if  success  was  about  to  crown 
Mr.  Russell's  efforts  in  this  direction.  He  had  all 
but  completed  the  formation  of  a  company  to  build 
a  splendid  new  house  on  Dufferin  terrace,  on  the 
site  of  the  old  Normal  School.  The  necessary 
charter  incorporating  the  Chateau  St  Louis 
Hotel  was  duly  obtained  from  the  local  legislature, 
and  large  subscriptions  of  stock  were  being  made 
by  a  number  of  prominent  citizens  towards  the 
undertaking.  Mr.  Russell  brought  on  a  famous 
architect  from  New  York  to  draw  the  plans  of  the 
proposed  hotel,  and  everybody  remembers  how 
much  they  were  admired  at  the  time,  and  how 
they  received  the  approval  of  the  Princess  Louise, 
who  manifested  considerable  interest  in  the  under- 
taking. However,  after  the  expenditure  of  an 
immense  amount  of  money  and  time  on  the  sub- 
ject, Mr.  Russell  had  the  mortification  of  seeing 
the  scheme  fall  through,  in  consequence  of  some 
difficulty  at  Ottawa  about  the  land  required  for 
the  site.  It  will  be  observed,  all  the  same,  that 
it  was  not  Mr.  Russell's  fault  if  the  city  of  Que- 
bec was  unsuccessful  in  her  attempt  to  obtain 
the  new  hotel.  The  deceased  gentleman  has 
occupied  many  important  positions  of  trust 
amongst  his  fellow-citizens.  He  was  a  J.P.  for 
many  years  past.  Realizing  its  vast  promise 
of  success,  and  the  necessity  which  existed  for  it, 


he  became  one  of  the  most  active  promoters  of  the 
North  Shore  railway.  Years  afterwards  he  was  a 
member  of  the  city  council  for  about  six  years. 
He  was  elected  to  represent  St.  Louis  ward  in  the 
municipal  body,  and  retired  from  office  nearly 
four  years  ago.  During  most  of  the  period  in 
which  he  occupied  a  seat  at  the  council  board, 
Mr.  Russell  was  chairman  of  the  fire  committee. 
This  was  immediately  after  the  last  great  fire  in 
the  suburbs,  and  Mr.  Russell  was  indefatigable  in 
his  efforts  to  secure  a  thorough  reorganization  of 
the  fire  department,  and  fche  acquisition  of  addi- 
tional steam  engines  and  other  appliances  for 
fighting  the  flames.  The  prolongation  of  the  old 
Durham  terrace  to  the  dimensions  of  the  present 
Dufferin  terrace  is  also  largely  due  to  Mr.  Rus- 
sell's determined  effurts.  The  deceased  gentleman 
has  always  been  a  determined  advocate  of  the  pro- 
posed Quebec  and  Levis  bridge.  In  American 
politics,  in  his  earlier  days,  he  was  a  great  Dan 
Webster  man.  Though  a  naturalized  Canadian, 
he  never  took  a  very  decided  stand  in  our  politics, 
though  he  formed  many  personal  friendships 
amongst  our  public  men.  One  of  his  closest  friends 
for  the  past  thirty  years  has  been  the  esteemed 
member  for  Quebec  West,  Owen  Murphy.  An- 
other was  Colonel  Rhodes.  Mr.  Russell's  active 
mind  was  never  content  to  remain  fixed  alone  upon 
the  hotel  business, and  he  speculatedjargely  at  dif- 
erent  periods  in  lumber  and  mines.  His  mining 
property  was  situated  principally  in  the  eastern 
townships,  and  for  some  time  he  was  at  the  head  of 
a  number  of  saw  mills  and  a  lumber  company  at 
Arthabaskaville.  His  recreation  consisted  princi- 
pally in  salmon  fishing,  and  his  favorite  fishing 
ground  was  the  Marguerite  river,  above  Tadousac, 
of  which  he  controlled  the  right,  and  where,  in 
company  with  a  number  of  American  capitalists, 
he  formed  the  St.  Marguerite  fishing  club.  The  de- 
ceased gentleman  was  the  proprietor  of  the  Music 
Hall  (now  the  Academy  of  Music),  which  he  pur- 
chased some  five  years  ago,  and  in  which  he  has 
given  at  various  periods  an  immense  number  of 
the  most  brilliant  public  dinners  and  balls,  the 
sine  qua  non  of  a  fashionable  event  of  the  kind  in 
Quebec  being  that  it  should  be  entrusted  to  Mr. 
Russell's  management.  Our  regretted  friend 
was  a  member  of  the  congregation  of  the  English 
Cathedral,  and  in  his  last  illness  received  the  con- 
solations of  religion  at  the  hands  of  the  Revs. 
Messrs.  Petry  and  Fothergill.  Notwithstanding 
the  delicate  state  of  his  health  for  some  years  past, 
he  attended  to  business  to  the  very  last  day,  and 
his  death  may  be  considered  both  sudden  and  un- 
expected. He  was  downstairs  in  the  public  office 
of  the  St.  Louis  Hotel  on  Friday,  apparently  as 
well  as  he  had  been  at  any  time  during  the  last 
3'ear,  and  on  Saturday  he  was  dead.  It  is  sup- 
posed he  must  have  taken  cold,  for  congestion  of 
the  bowels  declared  itself,  and  when  he  felt  com- 
pelled, by  his  inflammatory  pains  on  Friday  after- 
noon, to  retire  to  his  room,  he  was  destined  never 
to  leave  it  again.  He  grew  rapidly  worse  during 
the  night,  and  on  Saturday  morning  it  was  evi- 
dent that  the  end  was  approaching.  All  day  he 
continued  to  sink  rapidly,  expiring  at  ten  minutes 
to  ten  o'clock  at  night.  He  was  surrounded  by 
his  wife  and  children,  and  was  perfectly  conscious 
to  the  last.  With  Mrs.  Russell  and  her  children 
— W.  E.  Russell  and  Mrs.  H.  J.  Miller- we  sin- 
cerely sympathize  in  this  hour  of  deep  affliction. 
Their  sorrow  is  shared  by  all  our  people,  who  feel 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


537 


that  they  have  lost  one  of  their  best,  most  useful 
and  most  patriotic  citizens.  The  rotunda  of  the 
St.  Louis  Hotel  without  his  well-known  figure, 
pleasant  countenance,  hearty  laugh  and  amusing 
anecdote,  will  indeed  be  sadly  changed. 

The  Morning  Chronicle,  the  leading  paper  of 
Quebec,  also  had  an  extended  notice  of  the 
deceased,  and  the  French  papers  of  the  city 
devoted  much  of  their  space  to  praise  of  his 
useful  life  and  the  expression  of  regret  at 
his  death.  His  funeral  was  one  of  the  larg- 
est and  most  imposing  ever  witnessed  in 
Quebec,  and  was  attended  by  all  classes  of 
the  local  population,  including  the  ministers 
of  the  federal  and  provincial  governments 
in  town  at  the  time,  ex-provincial  ministers, 
members  of  the  Dominion  parliament  and 
provincial  legislature,  and  leading  citizens 
generally. 

monk,  lion.  Samuel  Corii\valli§, 
LL.D.,  Senior  Puisne  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Queen's  Bench  of  the  Province  of  Quebec, 
Montreal,  was  born  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  29th  July,  1814.  His  father,  Samuel 
Wentworth  Monk,  was  descended  from  a 
family  of  U.  E.  loyalists,  who  left  Boston, 
in  Massachusetts,  on  the  breaking  out  of  the 
revolutionary  war,  and  settled  in  Nova 
Scotia.  The  Monk  family  was  related  to 
the  Goulds,  Wentworths,  Deerings,  Ap- 
thorps,  and  the  Hon.  Edward  Cornwallis, 
at  one  time  governor  of  Nova  Scotia,  all  of 
whom  were  persons  of  note  in  those  early 
days.  Judge  Monk's  great  grandfather  was 
attorney-general  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  his 
grandfather  a  judge  of  that  province.  One 
of  his  granduncles,  Sir  James  Monk,  was 
chief  justice  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench 
for  Montreal.  Samuel  Cornwallis  Monk 
was  educated  in  Windsor,  N.S. ,  and  was 
subsequently  prepared  for  entering  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  Ireland,  but  it  was  thought 
advisable  that  he  should  immediately  begin 
the  study  of  law  in  Canada,  and  this  he  did 
in  1831,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1837. 
He  then  made  an  extended  tour,  which  oc- 
cupied two  years,  in  Europe,  and  on  his 
return  entered  into  a  partnership  with  Sir 
John  Rose,  baronet,  now  of  London,  Eng- 
land, who  at  that  time  was  carrying  on  an 
extensive  law  business  in  Montreal.  In 
1854  Mr.  Monk  was  appointed  a  Queen's 
counsel,  and  for  some  years  represented  the 
attorney- general  of  Lower  Canada  in  Crown 
prosecutions.  In  1859  he  was  raised  to  the 
bench,  and  for  a  period  of  nine  years  sat  as 
a  puisne  judge  in  the  Superior  Court  of 
Lower  Canada.  In  1868  he  was  promoted 
to  the  Queen's  Bench,  on  the  retirement  of 
Justice  Aylwin.  His  reputation  as  a  judge 


stands  high.  His  natural  talents,  united  to 
his  vast  knowledge  and  graceful  elocution, 
have  made  him  one  of  the  most  instructive 
and  agreeable  persons  to  listen  to  whenever 
he  has  a  judgment  to  deliver  in  the  Court 
of  Appeals  or  a  charge  to  make  in  the  Crim- 
inal Court.  His  knowledge  of  both  the 
English  and  French  languages  is  so  perfect 
that  it  would  be  impossible  for  a  stranger 
to  tell  by  his  speech  to  which  nationality 
he  belonged.  The  old  French  law,  which 
forms  the  basis  of  the  jurisprudence  in  the 
province  of  Quebec,  is  so' familiar  Ifco  him 
that  when  a  case  is  heard  in  the  Court  of 
Queen's  Bench  before  him  and  his  associates, 
after  reading  the  printed  factum  of  both 
parties,  he  is  generally  ready  to  give  his 
opinion  and  support  it  with  the  most  learn- 
ed arguments.  The  capabilities  of  this 
learned  judge,  as  shown  in  criminal  matters, 
are  always  very  highly  appreciated.  When 
he  represented  the  Crown  before  the  crim- 
inal courts  as  Crown  prosecutor,  before 
being  elevated  to  the  bench,  he  met  with 
great  success,  and  his  reputation  as  a  crim- 
inal lawyer  stood  very  high.  Upon  the 
bench  he  has  met  the  expectations  of  his 
admirers  by  the  dignity  with  which  he  pre- 
sides in  court,  and  the  vast  legal  knowledge, 
combined  with  the  high  sense  of  justice 
which  he  displays  in  discharging  his  duties. 
He  had  the  degree  of  LL.D.  conferred  upon 
him  a  number  of  years  ago  by  Laval  Uni- 
versity, Quebec.  Judge  Monk  was  married 
in  1844  to  a  daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  P.D. 
DeBastzch,  member  of  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil of  Lower  Canada.  The  fruit  of  this 
marriage  has  been  five  sons  and  one  daugh- 
ter, the  latter  having  died  some  years  ago. 
Taillon,  Alphonsc  Antoine,  Sorel, 
Quebec,  was  born  at  Ottawa,  011  the  17th 
July,  1847.  His  parents  were  John  Taillon 
and  Dame  Genevieve  Lionais.  His  father 
was  one  of  the  first  merchants  of  By  town, 
and  took  a  prominent  part  in  promoting  the 
interests  of  the  future  city  of  Ottawa.  Wm. 
P.  Lett,  Ottawa's  poet,  in  his  poem,  "  Re- 
collections of  old  By  town,"  alludes  to  him  as 
one  of  the  good,  honorable  citizens  of  the 
time,  and  a  maVi  of  genial  character.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  received  a  full  com- 
mercial course  at  the  College  of  Ottawa, 
now  the  University.  He  served  in  the 
"Chasseurs  Canadiens  "  at  St.  John's,  La- 
prairie  and  St.  Armands  during  the  first 
Fenian  raid  in  1866  ;  was  appointed  lieu- 
tenant in  1869,  and  captain  in  1870.  He 
entered  the  Merchants  Bank,  at  Montreal, 
in  1867,  and  became  manager  of  the  Sorel 
branch  in  1871.  The  bank  closed  its  branch 


538 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


in  1881,  and  handed  the  business  over  to 
Mr.  Taillon,  who  continued  as  a  private 
banker,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  business 
men  of  the  town.  He  was  an  alderman 
and  chairman  of  the  Finance  Committee  in 
1883  and  1884,  and  was  elected  by  a  large 
majority  over  Senator  GueVremont  as  mayor 
in  1887.  He  is  president  of  Richelieu 
County  Conservative  Association,  and  was 
several  times  called  on  to  be  a  candidate 
for  both  local  and  federal  parliamentary 
honors,  which  he  invariably  declined.  He 
was  president  of  several  local  societies,  and 
was  the  promoter  of  many  public  enter- 
prises. He  is  a  Roman  Catholic.  On  the 
12th  January,  1871,  he  was  married  to 
Josephine  de  Boucherville,  eldest  daughter 
of  P.  V.  de  Boucherville,  M.D.,  of  Beau- 
harnois.  He  has  had  eight  children,  six  of 
whom  are  living. 

Yallee,  Tlioma§  Evariste  Arthur, 
M.D.,  Quebec,  is  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
medical  profession  in  that  city,  and  a  well- 
known  specialist  in  insanity  and  toxicology. 
He  was  born  in  Quebec  on  the  22nd  De- 
cember, 1849,  of  the  marriage  of  Prudent 
Valle'e  and  Henriette  Casault,  and  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Quebec  Seminary  and  Laval 
University,  from  which  last  institution  he 
graduated  as  an  M.D.  in  1873.  He  also  had 
the  advantage  of  a  three  years'  course  of 
medical  study  in  London  and  Paris.  In  1878 
his  alma  mater,  Laval  University,  fittingly 
recognized  his  abilities  by  appointing  him 
one  of  the  professors  of  its  medical  faculty. 
First  called  to  the  chair  of  medical  jurispru- 
dence and  toxicology,  which  he  filled  with 
distinction,  he  was,  on  the  death  of  the  late 
Dr.  Alfred  Jackson,  in  1885,  transferred 
to  that  of  tocology  and  gynaecology,  which 
he  still  occupies.  In  1879  he  was  fur- 
ther appointed  visiting  physician  of  the 
Beaufort  Insane  Asylum,  and  medical  super- 
intendent of  the  same  great  institution  in 
1885.  For  several  years  past  he  has  also 
been  visiting  physician  of  the  institutions  of 
the  Good  Shepherd,  the  Sisters  of  Charity, 
the  Hotel  Dieu  and  the  Lying-in  Hospital, 
at  Quebec.  In  questions  of  insanity  and 
toxicology,  Dr.  Vallee  is  one  of  the  recog- 
nized authorities  of  his  native  province,  and 
his  great  skill  as  an  analyst,  where  death  by 
poisoning  is  suspected,  has  frequently  been 
of  the  most  valuable  service  to  its  authori- 
ties and  the  cause  of  justice.  Among  the 
causes  celebres  in  Lower  Canadian  criminal 
annals  in  which  it  has  more  recently  been 
called  into  requisition  to  assist  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  law,  may  be  mentioned  more 
specially  the  Coats'  case  at  Sherbrooke,  and 


the  Boulet  and  La^ace"  poisoning  cases  in 
the  Quebec  district.  In  the  Boulet  case,  the 
prisoner,  Mrs.  Boulet,  was  found  guilty  and 
sentenced  to  be  hanged,  but  during  the 
night  preceding  the  execution,  and  after  the 
gallows  had  been  erected,  her  sentence  was 
commuted  to  imprisonment  for  life,  owing 
to  some  technical  objection  raised  by  the 
unfortunate  woman's  counsel,  F.  X.  Le- 
mieux,  M.P.P.  (of  notoriety  also  as  Kiel's 
counsel),  and  to  the  popular  dislike  of  visit- 
ing the  last  penalty  of  the  law  on  a  woman. 
As  an  expert  in  insanity,  Dr.  Vallee  also 
figured  very  prominently  before  the  public 
in  the  celebrated  Lynam  case,  which  created 
so  much  excitement  in  Montreal  a  couple  of 
years  since.  While  studying  for  his  profes- 
sion, in  1871,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  fur- 
ther obtained  a  diploma  from  the  Quebec 
military  school.  A  gentleman  of  literary 
taste  and  culture,  he  was  elected  president 
of  "  L'Institut  Canadien  de  Quebec "  in 
1878,  and  filled  that  office  down  to  1880. 
He  has  travelled  extensively  in  the  United 
States,  England,  France,  Belgium,  Italy, 
Turkey  and  the  East  for  pleasure  and  to 
extend  his  knowledge  of  his  profession.  In 
religion  Dr.  Vallee  is  a  Roman  Catholic, 
and  on  the  30th  April,  1878,  he  married 
Honorine  Chauveau,  daughter  of  the  emin- 
ent French-Cajuadian  litterateur,  education- 
alist and  statesman,  Hon.  P.  J.  O.  Chau- 
veau, late  premier  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
and  now  sheriff  of  Montreal. 

Walker,  Thomas,  M.D.,  St.  John, 
N.B.,  was  born  on  the  20th  March,  1840,  at 
Hampton,  in  Kings's  County  New  Bruns- 
wick. He  is  of  English  extraction  and  is 
the  eldest  son  of  Rev.  William  Walker  and 
Anne  Walker.  He  is  descended  on  the  pa- 
ternal side  of  the  house  from  Elizabeth 
Yates,  who  was  a  sister  of  the  famous  Pen- 
drell  brothers,  who  was  instrumental  in 
saving  King  Charles  II.,  after  the  fatal 
battle  of  Worcester.  In  consideration  of 
these  services,  a  pension  was  granted  to  the 
Pendrell  family  when  the  merry  monarch 
came  to  his  own.  The  pension  is  still  re- 
ceived by  the  descendants  of  the  Pendrells, 
though  cut  up  by  a  failure  of  male  heirs. 
Though  coming  of  good  old  royalist  stock, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  thorough 
Liberal  of  the  Liberals  and  opposed  the 
confederation  of  the  provinces.  He  served 
his  party  actively  and  well  in  many  fights. 
His"  early  school  days  were  passed  at  the 
Grammar  School  of  his  native  county.  He 
completed  his  classical  course  of  study  at 
King's  College,  Fredericton,  from  which 
university  he  received  the  degree  of  B.A. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


539 


From  this  college,  which  was  modelled 
after  King's  College,  Windsor,  N.  S. ,  the 
oldest  degree-conferring  college  in  British 
North  America,  have  gone  forth  many  of 
the  ablest  men  in  the  learned  professions  in 
the  Maritime  provinces.  It  is  an  unsectar- 
ian  institution,  liberally  endowed  and  sup- 
ported out  of  the  Provincial  treasury.  In 
order  to  prepare  himself  for  the  labors  of  the 
medical  profession,  Dr.  Walker  crossed  the 
Atlantic  in  1859,  and  spent  the  following 
four  years  in  close  study  at  the  University 
of  Edinburgh,  where  he  graduated  M.D.  in 
August,  1863.  In  the  same  year  he  obtain- 
ed the  license  of  the  Royal  College  of  Sur- 
geons. In  July,  1866,  Dr.  Walker  married 
Mary  R. ,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  William 
Jack,  Q.C.,  formerly  Advocate-general*  of 
New  Brunswick,  and  sister  of  I.  Allan 
Jack,  D.C.L.  recorder  of  the  city  of  St. 
John,  N.B.  Of  this  marriage,  have  been 
born  seven  children.  Dr.  Walker  speedily 
arose  to  eminence  in  his  profession,  and  was 
president  of  the  New  Brunswick  Medical 
Society  in  1884  and  1885.  He  now  holds 
the  office  of  treasurer  of  the  society.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  of  New  Brunswick.  He 
has  never  seen  any  active  service  in  war- 
fare, but  holds  the  position  of  surgeon  in 
the  62nd  St.  John  Fusiliers.  No  troops 
from  New  Brunswick  were  ordered  to  the 
front  during  the  late  troubles  in  the  North- 
West.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England,  holding  moderate  views  in  the 
many  divisions  of  his  church.  Like  most 
medical  men,  Dr.  Walker  is  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  which  order 
he  joined  in  1871.  He  is  N.  and  E.  Com- 
mander of  the  Encampment  of  St.  John 
Knights  Templars,  on  the  registry  of  the 
Chapter  General  of  Scotland.  Among  his 
other  positions  of  public  esteem  and  influ- 
ence, Dr.  Walker  is  a  commissioner  of  the 
St.  John  Public  Hospital. 

Sheliyn,  lion.  Joseph,  Provincial 
Treasurer,  Quebec,  is  politically,  commer- 
cially and  socially  one  of  the  conspicuous 
figures  of  the  hour  in  the  province  of  Que- 
bec. As  the  Treasurer  of  the  Province,  he 
is  at  the  head  of  the  most  important  of 
its  public  departments,  and,  as  one  of  the 
leading  merchants  of  the  port  of  Quebec,  his 
commercial  and  social  standing  is  of  the 
highest.  With  talents  rather  of  the  solid 
than  the  brilliant  order,  he  is  pre-eminently 
what  is  termed  "a safe  man,"  and  a  striking 
example  of  the  success  which  attends  a  well- 
regulated  character — his  probity  and  indus- 
try in  business  being  only  equalled  by  his 


consistency  and  moderation  in  politics.  Of 
Irish  and  French-Canadian  parentage,  Mr. 
Shehyn  was  born  in  the  city  of  Quebec,  in 
1829,  and  was  also  educated  there,  partly  at 
the  Quebec  Seminary,  and  partly  by  private 
tuition.  Entering  commercial  life,  he  rapid- 
ly rose  to  wealth  and  distinction,  finally  be- 
coming a  member  of  the  great  wholesale  dry 
goods  firms  of  Sterling,  McCall  &  Co. ,  and 
McCall,  Shehyn  &  Co.,  of  London,Montreal 
and  Quebec.  For  many  years  he  has  been 
the  representative  and  head  of  the  last  nam- 
ed firm  at  Quebec,  where  it  holds  a  foremost 
position  in  the  dry  goods  importing  trade, 
and  does  an  extensive  wholesale  business 
with  all  parts  of  the  province  through  its 
commercial  travellers.  But  it  was  not  until 
he  entered  the  Quebec  Board  of  Trade  that 
the  subject  of  our  sketch  began  to  attract 
much  public  attention  outside  of  commer- 
cial circles.  As  a  member  of  that  body,  his 
natural  taste  for  figures,  his  intimate  ac- 
quaintance with  financial  questions,  his 
seemingly  inexhaustible  fund  of  statistics  and 
the  earnest  and  intelligent  lead  he  always 
took  in  all  that  concerned  the  trade  of  Que- 
bec and  generally  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  soon 
made  him  a  marked  man.  Elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Council  of  the  Board  of  Trade, 
his  name  was  prominently  and  constantly 
before  the  public  as  one  of  the  ablest  cham- 
pions of  Quebec's  interests.  On  different 
important  occasions  he  represented  them  as 
a  delegate  to  Ottawa,  or  defended  them  be- 
fore the  Board  in  speeches  and  published 
papers  with  a  logic  and  force  which  com- 
manded wide-spread  notice  and  respect,  and 
the  Board  expressed  its  confidence  in  him  by 
electing  and  re-electing  him  its  president 
until  he  was  compelled  to  decline  further 
acceptance  of  the  honor,  on  being  called  in 
1887  to  the  discharge  of  still  higher  public 
duties,  which  promised  to  absorb  all  his 
available  time  from  his  private  business.  It 
was  during  his  presidency  of  the  Board  that 
he  contributed  to  its  records  an  important 
paper  entitled  "  Railways  vs.  Canals,"  which 
was  considered  so  valuable  that  the  Board 
unanimously  ordered  it  to  be  printed  in 
pamphlet  form  for  the  public  information. 
No  more  powerful  argument  has  yet  been 
adduced  against  the  injustice  of  saddling 
the  Dominion  at  large  with  Montreal's  har- 
bor debt,  including  the  cost  of  deepening 
Lake  St.  Peter,  and  against  the  folly  gener- 
ally of  expending  public  money  on  the  im- 
provement of  artificial  water  courses  in  the 
face  of  the  overshadowing  competition  and 
advantages  now-a-days  of  railways  as  inland 
trade  carriers.  Mr.  Shehyn's  services  were 


540 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


also  warmly  appreciated  by  his  fellow  citi- 
zens of  Quebec  outside  of  theBoard  of  Trade. 
A  Liberal  in  politics,  though  a  moderate 
man  in  his  views,  he  was  first  selected  as  the 
party's  candidate  for  the  important  division 
of  Quebec  East  at  the  general  elections  for 
the  Legislative  Assemby  of  the  province  of 
Quebec  in  ]  875,  and  was  returned  by  a  large 
majority.  At  the  general  elections  of  1878, 
he  was  re-elected  for  the  same  division  by 
a  handsome  majority,  and  again  at  the  gen- 
eral elections  of  1881  he  was  elected  by 
acclamation.  At  the  last  general  elections 
in  October,  1886,  opposition  to  his  re-elec- 
tion was  deemed  futile  by  his  adversaries, 
and  he  was  accordingly  again  returned  by 
acclamation.  These  were  the  elections  which 
brought  the  Liberal  opposition  into  power 
in  the  province  under  Hon.  H.  Mercier, 
and,  in  the  latter's  assumption  of  the  reins 
of  office  as  Premier  of  Quebec,  in  Jan- 
uary, 1887,  Mr.  Shehyn,  as  one  of  the 
ablest  of  his  lieutenants,  and  as  the  finan- 
cial authority  and  critic  par  excellence  of  his 
party,  was  among  the  first  invited  to  enter 
his  cabinet,  which  he  did  to  the  general 
satisfaction  as  Treasurer  of  the  province, 
when  the  electors  of  Quebec  East  immedi- 
ately signified  their  approval  by  once  more 
electing  him  by  acclamation.  During  the 
session  of  the  legislature,  which  followed 
in  March,  the  new  Treasurer  did  not  disap 
point  the  high  estimate  formed  by  the  pub- 
lic of  his  financial  abilities.  His  Budget 
speech  dealt  in  a  masterly  manner  with  a 
fiscal  situation  of  unusual  complication  and 
difficulty,  and  the  remedial  measures  he 
proposed  not  only  met  with  the  sanction  of 
the  House,  but  the  approbation  of  all  busi- 
ness minds.  The  result  has  been  eminently 
satisfactory.  Under  Mr.  Shehyn's  skillful 
management  the  finances  of  the  province, 
which  were  very  seriously  embarrassed  when 
he  took  charge,  have  steadily  improved  ; 
new  sources  of  revenue,  hitherto  undevelop- 
ed, have  been  opened  up  ,  the  license  laws 
have  been  more  vigorously  enforced,  as  well 
to  the  benefit  of  the  public  treasury  as  of 
public  morals ;  and  some  long-pending  ques- 
tions in  legislation  or  in  dispute,  such  as  the 
tax  on  commercial  corporations,  etc.,  have 
been  advantageously  settled.  Method  and 
economy  are  the  prevailing  characteristics 
of  his  administration,  and,  as  a  whole,  the 
province  of  Quebec  has  reason  to  be  con- 
gratulated upon  it.  As  a  member  of  the 
Quebec  government,  Mr.  Shehyn  also  took 
an  important  and  leading  part  in  the  late 
Inter-Provincial  Conference  at  Quebec,  and 
his  princely  residence  of  Bandon  Lodge,  op- 


posite the  parliament  buildings,  was  the 
home  of  Premier  and  Mrs.  Mowat,  of  On- 
tario, as  well  as  the  scene  of  many  of  the 
splendid  social  festivities  on  that  memorable 
occasion.  In  religion,  Mr.  Shehyn  is  a  Ro- 
man Catholic.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  commission  of  the  peace  for  the  Quebec 
district  since  1874.  On  the  16th  of  August, 
1858,  he  married  Marie  Zoe  Virginie,  daugh- 
ter of  Ambroise  Verret,  of  Quebec,  and  by 
her  has  had  a  large  issue  of  children,  six  of 
whom  are  living  ;  the  eldest  son,  Lieutenant 
Shehyn,  of  the  9th  battalion  of  Quebec, 
served  with  distinction  with  his  regiment  in 
the  Northwest,  during  the  last  rebellion. 
Mrs.  Shehyn  is  one  of  the  leaders  of  Quebec 
society,  and  much  of  its  brilliancy  is  due  to 
her  graceful  influence  and  example. 

Maclaren,  Jame§,  Lumber  Manufac- 
turer, Buckingham,  province  Quebec,  was 
born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  about  the  year 
1818.  His  parents  came  to  Canada  when 
he  was  a  young  boy  and  settled  in  the  town- 
ship of  Tarbolton,  on  the  Upper  Ottawa. 
His  father,  who  was  a  man  of  education  and 
culture,  set  to  work  vigorously  to  make  him- 
self a  new  home  in  his  adopted  country. 
Among  other  enterprises,  he  went  into  the 
manufacture  of  lumber,  and  had  succeeded 
in  erecting  a  saw  mill,  when  a  freshet  came 
and  carried  away  the  dam,  thereby  entailing 
upon  him  a  heavy  pecuniary  loss.  But  no- 
thing daunted  by  this  mishap,  he  went  to 
work,  again  constructed  the  dam,  and  soon 
had  his  mill  in  running  order.  James,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  at  this  time  was  a 
mere  lad,  but  an  observing  one,  and  picked 
up  from  his  father  a  fund  of  practical  know- 
ledge with  regard  to  mills  and  dams,  which, 
when  he  went  into  the  lumbering  business 
on  his  own  account  years  afterwards,  proved 
of  great  benefit  to  him.  Mr.  Maclaren's  first 
business  as  a  merchant  was  at  the  "  Pesche," 
in  the  township  of  Wakefield,  on  the  Gati- 
neau  river,  where  his  sagacity  enabled  him 
to  select  a  spot  between  the  hills  and  the 
Gatineau  river,  where  there  was  just  land 
enough  for  the  road,  and  a  store  and  a  dwel- 
ling, and  where  consequently  every  one  going 
up  and  down  the  Gatineau  must  pass  at  the 
very  door  of  his  store.  He  soon  built  up  a 
large  and  lucrative  business  with  the  farmers 
and  settlers  all  around  ;  erected  grist  and 
other  mills,  and  supplied  many  jobbers  and 
others  engaged  in  getting  out  saw  logs  and 
timber.  About  this  time  he,  in  company 
with  the  late  J.  M.  Currier,  leased  the  exten- 
sive saw  mills,  &c.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ri- 
deau  river,  near  Ottawa,  belonging  to  the 
late  Hon.  Thomas  McKay,  and  for  years, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


541 


carried  on  a  large  business.  Later  on  Mr. 
Maclaren  purchased  these  mills  and  the  ad- 
joining property  and  carried  on  the  business 
in  his  own  name.  About  the  year  1864,  he 
purchased  the  large  lumbering  establishment 
arid  extensive  lumber  limits  on  the  River 
du  Lievre,  formerly  owned  by  the  late  Bax- 
ter Bowman,  and  changed  his  residence  to 
the  village  of  Buckingham,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  was  also  largely  interest- 
ed for  some  years  in  the  saw  mills  and  large 
lumber  business  carried  on  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  River  du  Lievre,  as  well  as  in  the 
saw  mills  on  the  North  Nation  river.  For 
some  years,  too,  he  carried  on  a  square  tim- 
ber business,  near  Lake  Temiscamangue,  on 
the  Upper  Ottawa.  In  spite  of  these  varied 
and  important  occupations,  Mr.  Maclaren 
found  time  to  establish  the  Bank  of  Ottawa, 
of  which  he  has  been  president  since  its 
establishment,  and  is  now  its  largest  stock- 
holder. He  is  also  largely  interested  in 
railways,  and  is  the  vice-president  of  the 
Ontario  Central.  His  business  operations 
are  not  confined  to  Canada.  At  Burlington, 
Vermont ;  at  Boston,  Massachusetts  ;  and 
in  Michigan,  he  is  interested  in  large  and 
nourishing  lumber  concerns,  whose  success 
is  largely  due  to  his  great  energy,  clear 
headedness  and  business  sagacity.  In  re- 
ligion, Mr.  Maclaren  is  a  Presbyterian,  and 
his  munificent  gift  to  Knox  College,  Toronto, 
testifies  to  the  interest  he  takes  in  religious 
education.  He  is  now  a  wealthy  man,  being 
possessed  of  property  worth  millions  of  dol- 
lars This  fortune  has  all  been  acquired  by 
hard  work,  honesty  and  integrity,  and  while 
making  his  money  he  has  retained  the  re- 
spect and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him.  In 
politics  Mr.  Maclaren  is  a  Liberal. 

Dciioncourt,  Nazaire  L.efebvre, 
Advocate  and  Q.C.,  Three  Rivers,  Que.,  was 
born  in  the  parish  of  La  Pointe  du  Lac,  in 
the  county  of  St.  Maurice,  district  of  Three 
Rivers,  on  May  4th,  1834.  His  father  was 
Joseph  Lefebvre  Denoncourt,  a  descendant 
of  Ignace  Lefebvre  Sieur  de  Belle  Isle,  who 
came  to  Three  Rivers  in  1 656.  His  mother 
was  Marie  Louise  Panneton.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  sent  to  Nicolet  College 
and  received  an  excellent  classical  education. 
After  the  usual  course  of  study  in  law  he 
was  called  to  the  bar  on  1st  September,  1861, 
and  was  made  a  Queen's  counsel  on  the  llth 
September,  1880.  He  has  since  practised 
his  profession  successfully  in  the  city  of 
Three  Rivers.  He  has  appeared  for  the 
Crown  in  several  cases,  was  appointed  city 
attorney  on  May  16th,  1878,  and  legal  ad- 
viser of  the  Hochelaga  Bank  in  1885  ;  has 


pleaded  before  all  the  courts  of  the  province; 
and  successfully  maintained  the  rights  of 
the  local  legislature  before  the  Supreme 
Court  and  Court  of  Appeal,  to  authoriza  mu- 
nicipalities to  levy  taxes  on  the  sale  of  liquors 
and  on  commercial  travellers.  On  October 
14th,  1862,  he  married  Marie  Ann  Cecile 
Garceau,  a  daughter  of  Louis  Benjamin  Gar- 
ceau,  descendent  of  an  Arcadian  family. 
Her  mother  was  Adele  Poulin  de  Courval, 
one  of  the  ancient  and  most  important  fami- 
lies of  New  France. 

McConville,  Joseph  Nor  bet  Al- 
fred, Advocate,  Joliette,  Que.,  was  born  at 
Berthier  (enhaut)  Que.,  on  March  1st,  1839. 
His  father,  John  McConville,  who  was  head- 
master of  the  Berthier  Academy  from  1833 
to  1846,  was  born  at  Newry,  county  Down, 
Ireland,  came  to  Canada  in  1818,  was  mar- 
ried at  Berthier,  on  January  7th,  1832,  and 
died  at  St.  Paul,  Quebec,  September,  ]0th, 
1849.  His  grandfather,  Meredith  McCon- 
ville, while  living  at  Portadown,  county 
Down,  Ireland,  joined  the  United  Irishmen 
in  1798,  and  died  March  4th,  1838.  His 
grandmother,  Mary  McCardle,  died  on  Eas- 
ter Sunday,  1827,  in  church,  having  lived 
to  a  good  old  age  :  her  father,  who  died  at 
the  age  of  109,  was  well  able  to  plough  two 
years  before.  His  mother,  Mary  Magdalen 
McKie,  was  born  at  St.  Melanie,  Quebec, 
June  28th,  1813,  was  married  at  Berthier, 
January  7th,  1832,  and  died  at  Joliette, 
April  30bh,  1878.  Her  father,  John  Mc- 
Kie, surveyor,  was  born  at  Alloa,  Scotland, 
3767,  was  married  at  Sorel,  Quebec,  Sep- 
tember 23rd,  1805,  and  died  at  St.  Melanie, 
October  llth,  1818.  Her  mother,  Mary 
Magdalen  McKay,  was  born  at  St.  Cuth- 
bert,  Quebec,  about  1790,  was  married  at 
Sorel,  September  23rd,  1805,  and  died  at  St. 
Melanie,  September  25th,  1817.  Angus 
McKay,  one  of  his  mother's  grandparents, 
was  of  extraordinary  physical  strength,  mar- 
ried Magdalen  Fauteux,  at  Sorel,  August 
19th,  1789.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
educated  at  L'Assomption  College,  Quebec, 
studied  law  at  Drummondville,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  at  Three  Rivers,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1865.  He  was  captain  and  paymaster 
of  No.  1  'Joliette  Provisional  Battalion, 
from  1872  to  ]  875.  He  was  secretary-treas- 
urer of  the  Municipal  Council  and  School 
Commissioners  of  Grantham,  Windover  and 
Simpson,  from  1862  to  1866  ;  town  council- 
lor of  Joliette  from  1872  to  1875  ;  and  is 
now  one  of  the  school  commissioners  of  Joli- 
ette. He  is  a  shareholder  in  the  $t.  Jacques 
Btrewery;  a  shareholder  and  secretary  of  the 
Joliette  Lumber  Co.;  was  editor  and  pro- 


542 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


prietor,  in  conjunction  with  his  late  brother, 
(L.  Arthur  McConville)  of  the  newspaper 
L'lndustrie  in  1872-73;  and  is  now  share- 
holder in  L'Imprimerie  de  la  Gazette  de  Joli- 
ette.  In  politics  he  is  a  Conservative,  and 
was  the  defeated  candidate  at  the  Domin- 
ion general  election  in  1882,  contested  the 
election,  but  was  again  defeated  at  the  new 
election  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year.  In 
1885,  he  was,  however,  more  successful,  being 
elected  a  member  of  the  Quebec  legislature 
in  September,  but  was  again  defeated  at  the 
election  in  October,  1886.  In  July  and 
August,  1883,  he  made  a  foreign  tour,  visit- 
ing in  the  course  of  his  travels,  London- 
derry, Dimgannon,  Portadown,  Newry, 
Drogheda,  with  the  Boyne  battle-field,  and 
Dublin,  in  Ireland;  Liverpool,  Leicester  and 
London,  in  England;  and  Boulogne, 
Amiens,  Paris,  Rouen  and  Dieppe,  in 
France.  In  religion,  he  is  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic. He  was  married  at  Berthier,  Que., 
May  12th,  1874,  to  Annie  Magdalen  Kitt- 
son,  daughter  of  the  late  Alexander  Kittson, 
merchant,  arid  Sophie  Desantels,  born  in 
Berthier,  October  12th,  1842,  and  a  niece  of 
Commodore  Norman  Kittson,  of  St.  Paul's, 
Minnesota. 

Dunn,  Timothy  Hibbard,  Quebec, 
is  one  of  the  veterans  of  the  Quebec  timber 
trade,  and  certainly  one  of  the  most  con- 
spicuous and  best  respected  citizens  of  the 
ancient  capital,  with  whose  history  and  com- 
merce he  has  been  closely  identified  for 
nearly  half  a  century.  He  is  of  Scotch  de- 
scent, but  thoroughly  Canadian  in  senti- 
ment. He  was  born,  like  his  father  (the 
late  Charles  Dunn)  before  him,  at  Ste.  Ursule, 
near  Three  Rivers,  in  the  year  1816,  and 
received  his  education  in  the  common  school 
of  his  native  place.  He  was  early  initiated 
into  acquaintanceship  with  the  staple  indus- 
try of  the  country,  the  lumber  trade,  and  in 
1841  entered  as  a  clerk  in  the  Quebec  office 
of  the  great  timber  firm  of  Calvin,  Cook  & 
Counter,  of  Kingston,  Ontario.  Four  years 
later  he  was  admitted  to  the  position  of  a 
partner  of  this  house,  and  was  entrusted 
with  the  management  of  the  extensive  busi- 
ness of  its  Quebec  branch,  which  was  thence- 
forward carried  on  under  the  name  of  Dunn, 
Calven  &  Co.  After  the  dissolution  of  the 
firm  in  1850  or  thereabouts,  Mr.  Dunn, 
whose  ability  and  success  had  won  general 
confidence  and  respect,  associated  himself 
with  the  late  Thomas  Benson,  and,  in  part- 
nership with  that  gentleman  under  the  name 
of  T.  H.  Dunn  &  Co.,  continued  the  busi- 
ness at  Quebec.  Two  years  later,  Mr.  Ben- 
son went  out,  and  down  to  1860  Mr.  Dunn 


remained  the  sole  head  of  the  house,  which 
ranked  among  the  foremost  of  the  Quebec 
market  in  making  advances  to  timber  manu- 
facturers in  the  west,  and  doing  business  on 
commission,  especially  in  hardwoods.  About 
1860  he  formed  a  new  partnership  with  the 
late  William  Home,  of  Quebec,  under  the 
name  of  Dunn  &  Home,  and,  among  other 
important  ventures  of  this  firm,  was  the  suc- 
cessful building  of  one  of  the  most  difficult 
sections  of  the  Intercolonial  Railway  below 
Quebec.  In  1872,  the  firm  of  Dunn  &  Home 
was  dissolved,  Mr.  Borne  going  out,  Mr. 
Dunn  then  retired  from  active  business  on 
his  well-earned  wealth  and  honors,  and  his 
two  sons,  Logie  and  Stewart  Dunn,  assumed 
control  of  the  old  house  under  the  name 
of  Dunn  Bros.  In  1877  W.  A.  Griffith, 
of  Quebec,  was  added  to  the  firm,  when 
its  name  was  changed  to  Dunn,  Griffith  & 
Co.  In  1884,  Mr.  Griffith  retired,  and  ever 
since  the  firm  has  been  Dunn  &  Co.  In 
its  fortunes,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  still 
continues  to  take  a  keen  paternal  interest, 
notwithstanding  his  seventy- one  years,  with 
unimpaired  physical  and  mental  vigor,  which 
is  an  object  of  envy  to  many  of  his  juniors. 
He  can  yet  be  seen  any  day  on  "  Change," 
and  no  figure  is  better  known  on  St.  Peter 
street,  where  the  business  men  of  Quebec 
most  do  congregate.  He  is  one  of  the 
last  remaining  representatives  of  the  old 
school  who  were  identified  with  the  ancient 
capital  in  its  palmier  days,  and  a  type  of  a 
class  of  men  who,  unhappily  for  its  present 
prosperity,  have  nearly  all  passed  away. 
Strange  to  say,  notwithstanding  his  exten- 
sive mercantile  connections,  Mr.  Dunn 
never  crossed  the  Atlantic,  but  he  has 
travelled  a  good  deal  in  North  America,  and 
especially  in  the  West.  In  1845  he  mar- 
ried Margaret  Turner,  of  Sorel,  a  niece  of 
the  late  Captain  Charles  Armstrong,  and  a 
cousin  of  the  present  ex-chief  justice  of  the 
Windward  Islands,  Hon.  James  Armstrong, 
now  of  Sorel,  and  by  her  bad  issue  nine 
children,  four  sons  and  five  daughters. 
As  already  stated,  two  of  the  former  have 
succeeded  him  in  the  business  at  Quebec. 
The  other  two  have  boldly  struck  out  in  a 
new  field  and  are  now  successful  farmers  in 
Manitoba.  Mr.  Dunn  has  been  a  widower 
for  the  last  fourteen  years,  has  wife  having 
died  in  1 874.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Church 
of  England,  and  has  always  taken  a  hearty 
interest  in  its  affairs.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  St.  Mary's  Church  and  parson- 
age on  the  Island  of  Orleans,  where  his 
beautiful  summer  retreat,  "  Island  Home," 
is  an  object  of  admiration  to  every  visitor 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


543 


and  to  the  passengers  in  every  vessel  pass- 
ing up  and  down  the  St.  Lawrence  from  the 
harbor  of  Quebec.  In  politics  he  is  a  Con- 
servative, but  has  never  taken  an  active  part 
in  public  affairs,  though  frequently  pressed 
by  his  fellow-citizens  to  do  so.  He  was, 
however,  for  many  years  a  conspicuous 
member  of  the  Quebec  Board  of  Trade  and 
its  Council,  and  a  director  of  the  Quebec 
Bank.  He  was  also  a  delegate  to  the  first 
railroad  convention  held  in  Boston  in  1851. 
In  his  younger  days  he  held  a  commis- 
sion as  'captain  in  the  militia,  and  served 
under  the  late  Colonel  Boucher,  of  Mas- 
kinonga,  P.  Q.  Throughout  all  the  relations 
of  life,  Mr.  Dunn  has  been  an  exemplary 
citizen,  and  his  long  and  successful  career 
is  only  another  illustration  of  the  triumph 
of  well-applied  industry  and  honorable  deal- 
ing with  his  fellow  men. 

Steadinan,  .lames,  Fredericton,  N.B., 
Judge  of  the  County  Court  for  the  Counties 
of  York,  Sunbury  and  Queen's  in  the  pro- 
vince of  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at 
Moncton,  in  the  county  of  Westmoreland,  N. 
B.,  on  the  27th  March,  1818,  His  father 
was  William  Steadman,  who  was  born  in 
Cornwallis,  Nova  Scotia,  but  settled  in 
Moncton  about  the  first  of  this  century.  He 
married  in  1803,  Hannah  Trites,  also  of 
Moncton.  Judge  Steadman  was  educated  at 
Moncton.  He  studied  law  in  the  office  of 
the  present  J  udge  Botsford,of  Westmoreland 
county,  and  was  admitted  an  attorney  in 
the  month  of  February,  1844.  For  the  next 
twenty-four  years  he  practised  law  at  Monc- 
ton and  then,  in  the  year  1866,  removed  to 
the  city  of  Fredericton,  where  he  has  con- 
tinued to  reside  up  to  the  present  time.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Provincial  legislature  in 
1854,  and,  being  a  prominent  man,  in  May 
1860,  was  sworn  in  as  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council  and  Postmaster  General 
of  New  Brunswick.  These  offices  he  held 
until  April,  1865.  Judge  Steadman,  thus 
has  seen  the  last  days  of  parliamentary  life 
in  his  native  province,  days  which  produced 
such  men  as  the  late  Governor  L.  A.  Wil- 
mot,  the  late  Judge  Fisher,  the  late  Sir 
Albert  L.  Smith,  Sir  Leonard  Tilley,  Judges 
King  and  Palmer,  and  many  others  whose 
eloquence  enlivened  the  political  campaigns 
and  the  sessions  of  the  legislature  for  many 
years.  Between  the  years  1836  and  1845 
the  battle  of  Responsible  Government  was 
fought  out  in  New  Brunswick.  Those  were 
stormy  times  in  all  of  the  provinces  of 
British  North  America.  The  visit  of  Earl 
Durham  to  the  Canadas,  and  his  famous  re- 
port upon  the  lines  of  which  all  the  later 


political  movements  in  the  provinces  have 
proceeded,  gave  an  extraordinary  impetus 
to  the  popular  wish  for  a  larger  measure  of 
political  power.  In  all  of  the  English  speak- 
ing provinces  the  Reform  party  were  steadily 
and  fiercely  opposed  by  small  governing 
bodies  variously  known  as  "family  com- 
pacts," "council  of  xii,"  and  other  sugges- 
tive appellations.  Another  stormy  period  in 
which  Judge  Steadman  was  himself  a  prom- 
inent figure,  was  the  era  just  preceding  the 
Confederation  in  1867.  As  we  have  said, 
during  these  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Executive  and  Postmaster  General.  Party 
spirit  ran  very  high  in  New  Brunswick,  and 
the  first  time  that  the  question  of  Confeder- 
ation was  submitted  to  the  people  it  was 
lost.  In  Nova  Scotia  the  people  were  never 
asked  to  sanction  the  measure  until  the 
British  North  America  Act  had  been  passed 
and  the  union  was  consummated.  After 
twenty  years  the  question  is  still  keenly  de- 
bated in  both  of  the  leading  Maritime  provin- 
ces. Judge  Steadman  is  connected  with  the 
Baptist  denonination.  He  has  for  many  years 
been  a  strong  temperance  man,  having 
joined  the  ordefof  Sons  of  Temperance  in 
March,  1848.  In  1865  he  was  elected  Grand 
Worthy  Patriarch,  and  still  maintains  his 
connection  with  this  leading  order.  In 
June,  1887,  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
County  Court.  Judge  Steadman  has  seen 
his  native  town  of  Moncton  from  the  smallest 
beginning  expand  into  a  city  of,9000  inhabi- 
tants, and  become  the  headquarters  of  the 
Intercolonial  Railway,  with  streets  lighted 
by  electricity,  daily  newspapers,  an  exten- 
sive and  increasing  trade,  and  all  the  signs 
of  outward  and  moral  improvement. 

Macdonald,  Lawrence  George, 
Q.C.,  St.  John's,  province  of  Quebec,  was 
born  at  Chateauguay,  Que.,  on  July  30th 
1831.  His  parents  were  born  at  Fort  Howe, 
N.B.  His  father,  James  Macdonald,  was  a 
second  son  of  the  late  Adjutant  and  Quar- 
ter-master, William  Macdonald,  late  of  the 
104t.h  Regiment  of  the  line,  and  his  mother 
Eliza  Holland,  a  daughter  of  Captain  E. 
Holland  of  the  same  regiment.  Captain 
Holland  served  in  Egypt  and  saw  the  great 
Napoleon  while  a  prisoner  at  Elba.  Adj. 
Macdonald  took  an  active  part  in  the  war 
of  1812-14.  Mr.  James  Macdonald  was  a 
merchant  for  many  years  in  Chateauguay, 
and  was  actively  engaged  on  the  Loyalist 
side  during  the  rebellion  of  1837-38.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  commenced  his  studies 
under  the  Rev.  Dr.  Black,  of  Laprairie  ; 
afterwards  attending  two  private  schools, 
and  finally  taking  a  full  classical  course  at 


544 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


the  High  School,  Montreal.  While  study- 
ing law  he  continued  to  take  private  lessons 
from  the  Rev.  David  Robertson,  chaplain 
to  the  forces  in  Canada.  After  leaving 
school  he  studied  law  in  the  office  of 
Meredith,Bethune  and  Dunkin,  of  Montreal, 
and  four  years  later  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  December,  1852.  In  1854  he  re- 
moved to  St.  John's,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  was  appointed  a  Queen's 
counsel  under  the  Joly  government  in 
March,  1878,  which  appointment  was  after- 
wards confirmed  by  the  Dominion  govern- 
ment. Mr.  Macdonald  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  military  affairs,  obtaining  a  first- 
class  certificate  on  May  12th,  1865,  when 
he  was  appointed  cornet  in  the  St.  John's 
troop  of  cavalry,  and  was  sent  to  the  front 
during  the  Fenian  raids.  He  was  Crown 
prosecutor  for  several  years  in  the  Court  of 
Queen's  Bench,  St.  John's,  district  of  Iber- 
ville.  At  present  he  is  a  director  of  the 
Richelieu  Bridge  Co.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Episcopalian  church,  and  in  politics  is  a 
Conservative.  He  was  married  at  St.  J  ohn's, 
in  August,  1856,  to  Louise  Gertrude,  second 
daughter  of  the  late  Deputy  Commissary- 
General  Lister.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Macdonald 
have  one  daughter,  who  is  married  to  Dr. 
Robert  Howard,  of  St.  John's,  and  who  has 
issue  four  children. 

McCaffrey,  Charles,  Lumber  Mer- 
chant and  Steam  Saw  Mill  Proprietor, 
Nicolet,  province  of  Quebec,  was  born  at 
Drummondville,  county  of  Drummond, 
Quebec.  He  is  the  son  of  Hugh  McCaffrey 
and  Rose  McEvay.  His  father,  Hugh 
McCaffrey,  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  27th 
British  Regiment  of  the  line,  obtained  his 
discharge  at  Chambly,  and  located,  together 
with  a  number  of  other,  discharged  soldiers, 
at  Drummondville.  The  late  Colonel  Har- 
riette  procured  lands  for  them  to  settle 
upon,  and  also  obtained  supplies  from 
the  government  for  them  until  they  were 
able  to  build  homes  and  clear  sufficient 
land  to  enable  them  to  supply  themselves 
with  the  necessaries  of  life.  During  the 
time  the  government  furnished  the  pro- 
visions, the  commissariat  stores  were  under 
the  charge  of  Hugh  McCaffrey,  who  was 
authorized  to  distribute  the  provisions  to 
all  those  entitled  to  receive  the  same.  The 
great  majority  of  the  new  settlers,  not  being 
inured  to  farming  life,  or  clearing  the  bush 
land  given  them  by  the  government,  sold 
out  their  claims  for  a  nominal  sum,  and  left 
for  other  parts.  Hugh  McCaftrey,  however, 
settled  down  in  his  new  home,  and  com- 
menced getting  out  lumber,  which  he  sup- 


plied to  Colonel  Harriette,  who  owned  a 
saw  mill  near  by,  and  his  son  Charles,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  has  continued  in  the 
lumbering  business  for  the  past  forty  years, 
with  fair  success.  Apart  from  the  regular 
annual  output  of  sawed  lumber,  he  has 
shipped  hundreds  of  thousands  of  tamarac 
railway  ties  to  Whitehall  and  Plattsburgh, 
N.Y.,  for  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal 
Co.,  and  has  contracted  with  the  same  com- 
pany to  supply  a  large  number  during  the 
present  season.  He  received  his  education 
partly  in  the  common  schools  and  partly  at 
the  hands  of  private  tutors,  high  schools  be- 
ing at  that  time  few  and  far  between.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Conservative,  and  wields 
considerable  influence  in  his  locality.  He 
has  often  been  requested  to  allow  himself  to 
be  put  in  nomination  for  both  the  Federal 
and  Provincial  parliaments,  and  in  muni- 
cipal and  town  councils,  but  has  steadily 
refused  to  do  so,  or  to  accept  any  public 
office.  He  has  travelled  through  several  of 
the  States,  both  east  and  west,  also  through 
the  upper  and  lower  provinces  in  con- 
nection with  his  lumber  business.  In  re- 
ligion he  is  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  was 
married  in  1860,  to  Ann  McLeod,  a  native 
of  Campbelltown,  N.B. ,  who  is  of  Scotch 
origin,  and  Presbyterian  in  religion.  Mr. 
McCaffrey  has  resided  in  Nicolet  for  twenty- 
five  years,  and  is  much  respected  by  the 
residents. 

Seymour,  James,  Collector  of  Inland 
Revenue,  St.  Catharines,  was  born  in  Lim- 
erick, Ireland,  in  1824,  came  to  Halifax  with 
his  father  four  years  later,  and  died  in  St. 
Catharines  on  the  9th  of  January,  1888. 
Mr.  Seymour  spent  his  boyhood  in  the 
maritime  provinces,  and  after  leaving 
school  learned  the  business  of  printer.  He 
then  came  west  and  worked  in  several  offices, 
among  others  the  Toronto  Globe  and  the 
Hamilton  Spectator.  In  1856  he  purchased 
from  Mr.  Giles  the  St.  Catharines  Constitu- 
tion, an  influential  weekly  newspaper,  which 
he  continued  to  publish  until  he  received 
the  appointment  of  collector  of  inland  re- 
venue, and  this  office  he  held  until  the  day 
of  his  death.  In  1851  he  joined  St.  George's 
Masonic  lodge,  and  very  soon,  through  his 
faithfulness  and  zeal,  became  to  be  looked 
upon  as  one  of  the  main  pillars  of  the  order. 
In  1871  he  was  elected  Grand  Master  of  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  Canada,  and  this  position 
he  filled  during  the  term  of  his  election  with 
great  credit.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Scottish  Rite,  and  a  P.  G.  M.  G.  of  Royal 
and  Oriental  Freemasonry  33- 96°. '.90°.  He 
was  buried  with  Masonic  honors. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


545 


Tim*,  Frank  Dillon,  Deputy  Provin- 
cial Auditor  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  is 
a  prominent  figure  in  official  life  at  Que- 
bec, and  few  members  of  the  Civil  Service 
enjoy  a  larger  share  of  the  public  respect. 
He  is  the  youngest  son  of  the  late  William 
and  Catherine  Dillon  Tims,  and  was  born  in 
Oldcastle,  county  Meath,  Ireland,  on  26th 
December,  1829.  The  family  came  to  Can- 
ada in  1834,  and  settled  in  the  city  of  Que- 
bec, where  Mr.  Tims,  sr.,  died  in  1836  and 
his  widow  in  1862.  An  elder  brother  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  Thomas  D.  Tims,  now 
occupies  the  important  position  of  Financial 
Inspector  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  at  Ot- 
tawa, and  their  sister,  the  Reverend  Mother 
St.  Catherine,  who  entered  the  Monastery 
of  the  Ursulines  at  Quebec  many  years  ago, 
is  still  living,  after  having  occupied  for  two 
consecutive  terms,  the  longest  period  per- 
mitted by  the  regulations,  the  high  position 
of  Lady  Superior.  Our  subject  was  educated 
at  the  Seminary  of  Quebec  and  the  Quebec 
High  School,  and  subsequently  studied  law 
with  Charles  Alleyn,  Q.C.,  subsequently  Pro- 
vincial Secretary  of  Canada,  and  now  sheriff 
of  Quebec.  Seized  with  the  "  gold  fever  "  in 
1849,  he  gave  up  the  study  of  the  law,  and 
on  the  12th  November,  1849,  sailed  on  the 
barque  Rory  0' Moore,  the  first  vessel  leaving 
Canada  bound  for  California,  by  the  way  of 
Cape  Horn,  finally  reaching  San  Francisco 
after  a  five  and  a  half  months'  voyage.  He 
remained  in  California,  engaged  principally 
in  mining,  until  the  fall  of  1851,  when  he 
started  on  his  homeward  journey  down  the 
Pacific  coast,  stopping  at  San  Juan  del  Sur 
and  Lake  Nicaragua  for  some  weeks  and  then 
proceeding  to  Panama,  where  he  crossed  the 
isthmus  and  took  steamer  to  New  York  from 
Chagres  in  January,  1852.  He  reached  Que- 
bec in  February  of  the  same  year,  and  on  the 
23rd  October  following,  was  married  at 
Sherbrooke,  to  Caroline  Dudley,  youngest 
daughter  of  the  late  Captain  John  Fraser,  of 
H.  M.  76th  regiment,  formerly  town  mayor 
of  Quebec.  He  next  removed  to  Upper  Can- 
ada, where  he  was  principally  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  down  to  1857,  when  he 
went  to  Illinois,  entered  the  lumber  busi- 
ness for  some  time,  and  while  there  in 
1859,  was  licensed  to  practice  as  an  attorney 
and  counsellor-at-law  in  that  state.  Re- 
turning to  Canada  in  1861,  he  entered  the 
employ  of  the  late  Hon.  Jas.  Skead,  senator, 
then  one  of  the  largest  lumber  producers 
of  the  Ottawa  district,  where  he  remained 
in  charge  of  the  business  until  January, 
1868,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the  Audit 
branch  of  the  Treasury  department  of  the 
HH 


province  of  Quebec,  and  promoted  to  the 
office  of  Deputy  Provincial  Auditor  in  1884, 
which  he  still  holds.  In  religion,  Mr.  Tims 
is  a  Roman  Catholic.  In  1856,  he  held  a 
commission  as  lieutenant  and  adjutant  in 
the  Waterloo  (Ont.)  Militia.  He  is  a  past 
president  of  the  St.  Patrick's  Society  of 
Quebec,  and  has  taken  a  prominent  inter- 
est in  the  progress  of  the  Geographical  So- 
ciety of  Quebec,  of  which  he  has  been  the 
secretary  for  several  years.  In  this  last 
capacity,  he  was  one  of  the  principal  pro- 
moters of  the  government  exploring  expedi- 
tion, which  was  sent  out  within  the  last  few 
years  to  endeavor  to  solve  the  mystery  sur- 
rounding Great  Lake  Mistassini,  in  north 
eastern  Canada.  By  his  marriage,  he  has 
had  issue  thirteen  children,  seven  of  whom 
are  living,  four  sons  and  three  daughters. 
Of  the  former,  three  are  actually  settled  in 
the  Canadian  North- West,  at  Swift  Current 
and  Beaver  Lake,  near  Edmonton,  where 
they  are  largely  engaged  in  commercial  pur- 
suits, One  of  them,  F.  F.  Tims,  had  the 
honor  to  be  the  first  to  erect  a  building  at 
Regina,  the  present  capital  of  the  province  of 
Assiniboia.  During  the  late  rebellion  this  son 
rendered  valuable  public  service  in  freight- 
ing for  the  troops  and  in  provisioning  the 
Battleford  contingent  and  Mounted  Police. 
O§tigny,  Jo§eph  Henry,  Manager  of 
the  Bank  of  Hochelaga,  at  Joliette,  Quebec, 
was  born  at  St.  Hilaire,  county  Rouville, 
Quebec,  on  the  5th  of  January,  1849.  His 
father,  Zephirin  Oatigny,  was  an  agricultu- 
rist, and  lived  for  more  than  thirty  years  in 
the  parish  of  1'Ange  Gardien,  county  Rou- 
ville. His  mother's  name  was  Sophie  Mont- 
plaisir.  The  subject  of  this  sketch,  when 
fifteen  years  of  age,  told  his  father  of  his 
wish  to  give  up  farming,  and  get  his  liveli- 
hood in  some  other  way.  For  that  he  re- 
quired more  education,  and  through  the 
kindness  of  a  father,  who  sacrificed  his 
own  personal  interests  to  promote  those  of 
his  children,  he  was  sent  to  school  at  St. 
Cesaire  from  1863  to  1866,  and  from  1867 
to  1869  at  the  Jacques  Cartier  Normal 
School,  at  Montreal.  In  the  year  1870,  he 
took  the  course  at  the  Montreal  Business 
College,  and  was  for  nearly  two  years  a  pro- 
fessor of  that  institution.  When  the  Bank 
of  Hochelaga  commenced  operations,  April 
6th,  1874,  he  entered  it,  and  since  then  has 
worked  up  to  be  manager,  which  position  he 
has  held  since  January  25th,  1885.  In  re- 
ligion he  is  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  was 
married  on  February  9th,  1886,  to  Maria 
Georgiana  Athala  Piche",  daughter  of  Urgel 
Piche',  broker,  of  Joliette. 


546 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Rateliffe,  John,  was  born  in  Lanark- 
shire, Scotland,  on  the  9th  September,  1813. 
His  father,  Daniel  Graham  Ratcliffe,  was  a 
native  of  Cumberland,  England,  but  remov- 
ed to  Scotland  in  early  manhood,  married 
Elizabeth  Latham,  a  native  of  Hamilton 
parish,  Lanarkshire,  and  spent  the  remain- 
der of  his  days  mostly  in  Avondale  parish. 
The  father  was  suddenly  cut  off  in  the  prime 
of  life,  leaving  a  heavy  burden  to  rest  upon 
the  shoulders  of  his  son  John,  the  eldest  of 
the  family.  Before  he  had  completed  his 
twentieth  year,  in  the  spring  of  1833,  he 
sought  the  shores  of  Canada,  in  the  hope  of 
securing  a  better  home  and  portion  for  the 
family.  The  township  of  Whitby,  county 
of  Ontario,  was  the  part  of  Upper  Canada 
to  which  he  was  directed.  He  purchased 
from  the  government  the  north  half  of  lot 
6,  concession  6,  where  he  settled.  The 
following  year  the  family  removed  to  Cana- 
da, where  they  found  a  home  ready  for 
them.  On  October  31st,  1836,  Mr.  Katcliffe 
married  Margaret  Hepburn,  eldest  daughter 
of  John  Hepburn,  a  native  of  Lanarkshire, 
who  also  came  to  Canada  in  1833.  To  them 
were  born  seven  sons  and  three  daughters, 
all  of  whom  are  still  alive.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary 
ability.  Not  having  educational  opportuni- 
ties beyond  a  few  months  in  the  parish 
school,  his  pathway  was  made  more  diffi- 
cult, but  thfs  loss  was  largely  compensated 
for  by  extensive  and  careful  reading.  Time 
for  reading  was  not  abundant  in  the  life  of 
a  pioneer,  but  moments  were  utilised,  and 
to  such  good  advantage  that,  having  the 
misfortune  to  break  his  leg,  he  was,  during 
the  time  of  enforced  rest  from  work,  chosen 
to  teach  a  school  opened  in  the  neighbour- 
hood. When  municipal  affairs  began  to  de- 
mand attention,  he  was  alive  to  every  ques- 
tion that  agitated  the  public,  and  occupied 
a  seat  at  the  council  board  for  many  years, 
presiding  as  reeve  over  its  affairs  during  the 
greater  portion  of  the  time.  In  the  year 
1863  he  occupied  the  warden's  chair,  there- 
after retiring  from  public  municipal  life. 
For  many  years  he  was  an  active  justice  of 
the  peace,  and  in  the  discharge  of  the  magis- 
terial functions  won  the  respect  and  confi- 
dence of  the  whole  community.  During  the 
years  that  East  Whitby  was  without  a  town- 
ship hall,  his  house  was  the  court-room  in 
which  most  of  the  petty  trials  of  the  town- 
ship had  a  hearing.  He  always  counselled 
a  harmonious  settlement  of  difficulties;  and 


many  a  quarrel  was  satisfactorily  disposed 
of,  without  "  going  to  law,"  by  having  the 
parties  meet  and  talk  over  the  trouble  with 
him.  In  politics  he  was  a  consistent  and 
pronounced  Liberal,  and  for  many  years 
held  the  honorable  and  responsible  position 
of  president  of  the  South  Ontario  Reform 
Association.  His  name  was  frequently  men- 
tioned when  a  candidate  was  to  be  selected, 
but  he  always  declined  the  honor.  In  re- 
ligion he  was  a  loyal  Presbyterian.  With 
all  his  interest  in  public  affairs,  his  relation 
to  the  church  of  Christ,  and  his  responsi- 
bility to  its  Head  were  never  allowed  to  be 
interfered  with.  In  the  year  1856  he  was 
ordained  to  the  eldership  of  the  United 
Presbyterian  church,  which  office  he  adorned 
until  called  higher.  Only  ill-health  or  ab- 
sence from  home  ever  kept  him  from  his  ac- 
customed place  in  the  house  of  God,  or 
from  his  class  in  the  Sabbath  school.  He 
was  a  most  successful  teacher,  personally 
interested  in  every  member  of  his  class,  and 
many  were  by  his  instrumentality  led  to  de- 
cide for  Christ.  In  his  home  he  was  tender 
and  affectionate,  yet  firm,  and  his  children 
remember  with  gratitude  his  kindly,  wise 
counsel,  and,  above  all,  his  Christian  in- 
struction and  personal  example.  Suddenly, 
on  March  9th,  1878,  he  was  called  to  his 
rest  and  reward. 

Torriiigioii,  Frederic  Herbert, 
Organist  of  the  Metropolitan  Methodist 
Church,  Toronto,  Conductor  of  the  Toronto 
Philharmonic  Society  and  of  the  great  To- 
ronto Musical  Festival,  1886,  and  without 
doubt  the  most  prominent  executive  musi- 
cian in  Canada,  was  born  at  Dudley,  Wor- 
cestershire, England,  October  20th,  1837. 
He  commenced  playing  the  violin  at  the 
early  age  of  seven  years,  and  as  he  even 
then  showed  marked  ability,  he  was  placed 
under  competent  musical  instructors  at 
Birmingham,  and  articled,  after  the  good 
old  English  fashion,  to  James  Fitzgerald, 
then  organist  and  choirmaster  of  St. 
George's  and  Mary's  Churches,  Kiddermin- 
ster. At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  became  or- 
ganist and  choirmaster  of  St.  Anne's  Church, 
Bewdley.  In  1857  he  left  England  for  Mont- 
real, wh«re  he  was,  immediately  on  his  ar- 
rival, appointed  organist  of  Great  St.  James 
street  Methodist  Church,  a  post  which  he  oc- 
cupied for  twelve  years.  During  this  period 
he  founded  several  vocal  societies  and  the 
Montreal  Amateur  Musical  Union  Orches- 
tra, and  was  for  two  years  bandmaster  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


547 


the  25th  regiment    (regulars).       Visiting 
Boston  in  September,  1868,  he  gave  a  per 
formance  on  the  Great  Music  Hall  organ, 
which   was  warmly   noticed    in    DwighVs 
Journal  of  Music  and  the  Boston  daily 
press.     Shortly  after,  at  the  invitation  of 
P.  S.    Gilmore,  he   formed   the  Canadian 
orchestral  contingent  for  the  first  great  Bos- 
ton jubilee.     A  few  weeks  after  the  close 
of  the  festival,  Mr.  Torrington  accepted  the 
position  of  organist  at  King's  Chapel,  Bos- 
ton, and  held  it  for  four  years.    During  this 
period  he  was  one  of  the  regular  solo  or- 
ganists  at  the  Music  Hall,  one  of  the  first 
violins  in  the  Harvard  Symphony  Orches- 
tra, a  teacher  of  the  piano  at  the  New  Eng- 
land Conservatory  of  Music,  and  conductor 
of  six  vocal  societies.     On  several  occasions 
he  was  solo  organist  at  the  concerts  in  Henry 
Ward  Beecher's  church,  Brooklyn.    In  1873 
he  came  to  Toronto,  and  was  appointed  or- 
ganist and  choirmaster  of  the  Metropolitan 
Church,  and  conductor  of  the  Philharmonic 
Society.     This  society  was,  at  this  time,  in 
its  infancy,  and  in  a  languishing  condition, 
but  Mr.  Torrington* s  energy  and  the  en- 
thusiastic music-lovers  with  whom  he  was 
able  to  surround  himself  enabled  him  to  de- 
velop it  into  the  greatest  factor  in  the  musi- 
cal world  of  Canada,  and  into  one  of  the 
greatest  societies  on  the  American  contin- 
ent, as  will  be  shown  by  a  glance  at  the 
society's  performances  in  fourteen  years  : — 
" Messiah"  (4),  "Elijah"  (5),  "Creation" 
(3),   "Lay  of  the  Bell"  (2),   "Fridolin" 
(2),  "St.  Paul"  (2),  "Stabat  Mater"  (2), 
"May  Queen"   (3),    "Hymn   of  Praise" 
(2),  "Walpurgis  Night,"  "Naaman"  (2), 
"  Spring's  Message,"  "Bride  of  Dunkerron," 
"  Judas  Maccabseus"  (2),  "  Gypsy  Life." 
"  The  Last  Judgment,"   "  Acis  and  Gala- 
tea," "Preciosa,"  "Redemption'.'  (2),  "Rose 
Maiden,"    march    and    chorus   (Tannhseu- 
ser),  "March  Cortege"   (Reine  de  Saba), 
"  Crusaders,"  "  Fair  Ellen,"  "  Rose  of  Shar- 
on,"   " Mors  et  Vita,"    "Spectre's  Bride 
"  Golden  Legend."     To  this  imposing  list 
of  choral  works  must  be  added  numerous 
unaccompanied  part  songs,  and  the  follow- 
ing orchestral  works  : — Lar ghetto,   Second 
Symphony  (Beethoven),  Lar  ghetto,  Jupite 
Symphony  (Mczart),  Surprise  Symphony 
(Haydn),  Hymn  of  Praise  Symphony  (Men- 
delssohn), the  Maritana,  Martha,  Oberon 
and  Preciosa  overtures,  Andante,  First  Sym- 
phony   (Beethoven),    G    minor    Concerto 
(Mendelssohn),  ^Beethoven's    Piano    Con- 


certo,  Beethoven's  Emperor  Concerto,  Ar- 
diti's  L'Ingenue  Gavotte,  and  Delibes'  Valse 
.ente  e  pizzicati,  many  of  these  works  being 
ieard  for  the  first  time  in  Canada,  and  some 
:or  the  first  tune  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 
The  influence  of  the  Philharmonic  Society 
is  most  strikingly  reflected  in  the  immense 
improvement  in   the   condition   of  church 
choirs  throughout  the  city,  and  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  other  flourishing  vocal  societies. 
But  Mr.  Torrington' s  greatest  work  in  the 
cause  of  music  was  undoubtedly  the  initia- 
tion  and  successful  performances   of  the 
great  musical  festival  of  1886.     In  this  a 
monster  chorus  of  over  nine  hundred  voices, 
accompanied  by  an  orchestra  of  one  hundred 
skilled  musicians,  sang  Handel's  "  Israel  in 
Egypt"  and  Gounod's  "  Mors  et  Vita"  with  a 
degree  of  musical  splendor  that  astonished 
every  auditor.     The  soloists  were  of  world- 
wide repute,  being  Fraulein  Lilli  Lehmann, 
Mrs.    E.    Aline    Osgoode,   Mrs.    Gertrude 
Luther,  Miss  Agnes  Huntington,  Mr.  Albert 
L.  King,    Mr.   Max   Heinrich,  Mr.  D.  M. 
Babcock,    Mr.   Frederic   Archer,  Mr.  Otto 
Bendix,  Mme.  Josephine  Chatterton,  Herr 
Henry  Jacobsen,  and  Mr.  Fred  Warrington. 
Two  miscellaneous  concerts  were  also  given 
in  which  the  soloists  and  orchestra  were  as- 
sisted by  a  chorus  of  over  one  thousand 
three   hundred   school   children,  in  whose 
training   he  was  ably  assisted  by   E.  W. 
Schuch  and  A.  P.   Perrin.     Mr.    Torring- 
ton conducted   these  performances,  which 
have  been  unparalleled  outside  of  four  or 
five  of  the  largest   American   cities.     The 
support  and  interest  of  the  public  were  most 
gratifying,  the  receipts  being  $13,561.48, 
yielding  a  net  profit,  after  a1!  expenses  were 
paid  of  $599.19,  and  entirely  obviating  the 
necessity  of  calling  on  the  immense  guar- 
antee fund  of  $35,000.     In  the  respect  of 
being    self-sustaining,     the    festival     was 
unique,  this  rarely  being  the  case,  even  in 
the  largest  cities  of  the  United  States.    The 
ability  of  the  city  to  provide  such  immense 
choral  forces,  and  to  support  such  an  un 
dertaking  so  liberally,  may  clearly  be  traced 
to  the  confidence  placed  in  Mr.  Torrington 
by  the  musical  public,  and  to  the  great  in- 
fluence exerted  by  his  unwearied  efforts  to 
advance  and  popularise  the  cause  of  true 
and  pure  music  in  Toronto.     Mr.  Torring- 
ton has  laboured  assiduously  to  organise  a 
permanent  orchestra  in  Toronto,  and  his 
efforts  have  been  crowned  with  success;  an 
efficient  orchestra  of  sixty  instrumentalists 


548 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


being  now  one  of  the  chief  musical  features 
of  the  city,  and  one  of  its  principal  musical 
educators.  Mr.  Torrington's  wisdom  in 
introducing  the  amateur  element  into  this 
orchestra  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  a  well- 
balanced  band,  which  is  capable  of  perform- 
ing oratorio  accompaniments,  is  now  in  ac- 
tive life  in  the  city.  His  labors  have  extend- 
ed to  Hamilton,  where,  as  conductor  of  the 
Hamilton  Philharmonic  Society,  he  has  pro- 
duced "  The  Lay  of  the  Bell,"  "  Messiah," 
"  Elijah,"  "  Hymn  of  Praise,"  "  Naaman," 
"  Hose  of  Sharon,"  "  The  Three  Holy  Chil- 
dren," and  "  Samson."  As  conductor  of 
the  University  College  Glee  Club,  he  has 
produced  Mendelssohn's  music  to  "Anti- 
gone," and  Max  Bruch's  "  Frithjof."  As  a 
composer,  he  has  produced  several  church 
services,  hymn  tunes,  organ  voluntaries, 
secular  choruses  and  songs.  Mr.  Torrington 
was  brought  up  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England,  but  has  for  many  years  been  con- 
nected with  the  Methodist  church  as  organ- 
ist. He  is  a  Freemason,  being  a  life  mem- 
ber of  Ionic  lodge,  Toronto,  and  is  a  fellow 
and  gold  medalh'st  of  the  Society  of  Science, 
Letters  and  Art,  London,  England.  He  has 
also  been,  for  the  past  five  years,  director  of 
the  musical  department  of  the  Ontario 
Ladies'  College,  Whitby. 

Owens,  John,  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick, an  enterprising  ship-builder  and  ship- 
owner, but  better  known  in  these  latter  days 
as  a  public  spirited  and  philanthrophic 
citizen,  was  born  in  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick, in  the  year  1790,  and  died  in  his 
native  city  in  the  year  1867.  The  Owens 
Art  Institution  of  St.  John  is  the  outcome 
of  his  bequest  "  to  be  applied  by  his  ex- 
ecutors for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a 
gallery,  or  school  of  art,  for  the  instruction 
of  young  persons  in  drawing  and  other 
works  of  art."  The  fact  of  this  institution 
having  been  created  without  any  outside 
assistan.ce,  and  of  its  being  operated  with 
the  view  to  be  self-sustaining  through  vol- 
untary support  on  its  merits  alone,  warrants 
some  reference  to  the  circumstances  which 
led  up  to  its  present  efficiency  as  a  tho- 
roughly equipped  art  educational  establish- 
ment. Hence,  it  may  be  said,  the  amount 
left  for  art  purposes  proving  to  be  quite  in- 
adequate to  effect  the  object  as  set  forth, 
led  the  executors  to  believe  the  testator  in- 
tended the  amount  so  left  to  be  merely  a 
nucleus,  to  be  added  to  by  other  persons 
desirous  of  promoting  a  love  for  the  fine 


arts.  From  the  outset  the  money  was  much 
sought  after,  but  the  fund  remained  un- 
applied, in  consequence  of  all  propositions 
for  its  use  being  destitute  of  the  practical 
and  financial  accompaniments  which  the 
executors  deemed  absolutely  necessary  for 
the  accomplishment  of  the  object,  in  accor- 
dance with  the  terms  of  the  will.  A  church 
property,  together  with  a  limited  endow- 
ment fund,  formed  another  bequest,  vested 
in  five  trustees  and  their  successors,  the 
clergyman  officiating  in  the  church  to  be 
of  either  the  Methodist,  Presbyterian,  Bap- 
tist, Independent  or  Episcopal  persuasion. 
By  reason  of  a  combination  of  restrictions 
and  limitations  governing  the  trust,  so  much 
difficulty  was  experienced  in  its  administra- 
tion that  a  cessation  of  the  church  services 
took  place  in  the  year  1882,  with  little  pros- 
pect of  their  early  renewal.  In  this  state 
of  the  two  interests  it  became  the  opinion 
of  the  then  sole  surviving  executor,  Robert 
Keed,  and  the  trustees  of  the  church  estate, 
namely,  Robert  Reed,  Francis  Jordan,  Tho- 
mas Jordan,  John  Hegan,  and  Andrew  D. 
Robertson,  the  latter  having  succeeded  John 
Duncan,  deceased,  who  was  Mr.  Owens' 
business  partner  for  about  forty  years,  under 
the  firm  of  Owens  &  Duncan,  that  if  the 
several  trusts  were  concentrated  upon  art, 
that  object  which  the  testator  had  in  view 
might  possibly  be  carried  out  ;  whereupon 
they  joined  in  an  application  to  the  legis- 
lature to  change  the  trusts,  which  was  done 
by  an  act  passed  in  the  session  of  1884. 
Immediately  thereafter  steps  were  taken, 
by  the  same  trustees,  to  remodel  the  church 
edifice  into  what  now  appears  to  be  a  build- 
ing thoroughly  adapted  for  the  purpose  of 
art  education,  with  the  view  of  making  the 
institution  as  attractive  and  as  useful  as 
possible  under  the  circumstances;  thereby 
hoping  to  create  a  more  general  interest  in 
the  fine  arts,  the  trustees  have  put  forth 
the  whole  strength  of  the  means  at  their 
command,  resulting  in  the  gallery  walls 
being  covered  with  high  class  work,  con- 
sisting mostly  of  examples  from  the  brush 
of  English  Royal  Academicians  and  other 
eminent  artists  of  the  present  and  previous 
two  centuries,  besides  a  very  full  and  com- 
plete school  outfit  of  casts  from  the  antique, 
and  drawing  examples  by  leading  artists, 
characteristic  of  the  South  Kensington 
schools.  In  consequence  of  the  funds  being 
thus  exhausted,  the  institution  is  now  solely 
depending  for  its  income  upon  its  school 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


549 


fees  and  a  charge  for  admission  to  the  gal- 
lery, but  its  being  thus  sustained  solely  on 
its  intrinsic  merits,  is  a  problem  now  in 
course  of  solution.  If  the  experiment  suc- 
ceeds in  its  aims  it  will  prove  to  be  a  new 
departure  in  the  maintenance  of  educational 
establishments  of  a  kindred  character.  The 
school  is  in  charge  of  John  Hammond,  a 
native  of  Montreal,  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a  professional  artist  of  many  years'  stand- 
ing, has,  since  his  connection  with  the 
Owens  Art  Institution,  spent  two  years  in 
European  art  study,  and  his  works  having 
been  repeatedly  hung  in  the  annual  exhi- 
bition of  the  Royal  Academy  of  London, 
and  the  Paris  Salon,  gives  him  rank  as 
among  the  leading  artists  of  the  day.  In 
addition  to  the  patronage  from  the  city  and 
outlying  districts  of  New  Brunswick,  the 
school  has  thus  far  attracted  pupils  who 
have  registered  respectively  from  Nova  Sco- 
tia, Prince  Edward  Island.  Quebec,  Ontario, 
Maine  and  Massachusetts. 

Corning,  Thomas  Edgar,  Barrister, 
Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  is  of  English  de- 
scent. His  ancestors  came  to  America  in 
1640,  and  settled  in  Beverley,  Massachusetts. 
His  great  grandfather  removed  in  1764,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Yarmouth. 
His  father  is  Nelson  Corning,  of  Chegoggin, 
Yarmouth.  Mr.  Corning  was  born  at  Che- 
goggin on  the  llth  April,  1842.  He  re- 
ceived his  early  education  in  Acadia  Col- 
lege, Wolfville,  Nova  Scotia,  and  graduated 
on  the  6th  June,  1865.  Besides  holding 
the  degree  of  bachelor  of  arts,  he  has  been 
elected  a  scholar  and  member  of  the  senate 
of  the  University  of  Acadia.  This  latter 
event  occurred  in  1883.  Having  finished 
his  classical  studies,  Mr.  Corning  entered 
upon  the  study  of  the  law,  and  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  on  30th  October,  1869.  His 
thoroughness  and  practical  business  turn  of 
mind  soon  secured  to  him  a  fair  share  of  the 
legal  business  in  Yarmouth,  and  he  now  en- 
joys the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  best 
lawyers  in  Yarmouth  county.  He  is  head  of 
the  firm  of  Corning  &  Chipman.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  but  resides  in 
a  constituency  which  has  always  been  in- 
tensely Liberal.  However,  at  the  general 
elections  in  1882,  Mr.  Corning  was  elected 
as  a  supporter  of  the  then  Liberal- Conser- 
vative government  led  by  the  Hon.  J.  S.  D. 
Thompson,  now  minister  of  justice  at  Ot- 
tawa. This  government  resigned  shortly 
after  the  elections,  giving  place  to  the  Lib- 


eral government  first  led  by  the  Hon.  Mr. 
Pipes,  afterwards  by  the  Hon.  Mr.  Fielding. 
In  the  House  of  Assembly  Mr.  Corning  took 
a  leading  part  in  all  the  debates,  and  care- 
fully considered  every  question  upon  its 
merits,  aiming  to  give  an  intelligent  vote 
always.  Although  staunch  to  his  party,  his 
candor  and  fairness  made  him  popular  and 
respected  by  the  dominant  party.  On  the 
dissolution  of  the  house,  in  1886,  he  was 
nominated  by  his  party.  But  the  secession 
agitation  had  begun,  and  the  Fielding  min- 
istry went  to  the  country  with  the  cry  of 
"  Eepeal."  To  this  issue  Mr.  Corning  pre- 
sented an  unwavering  opposition,  but  the 
popular  enthusiasm  was  too  great  for  him, 
and  he  was  defeated  in  June,  1886,  by  a  ma- 
jority of  one  thousand.  Since  then  he  has 
continued  in  private  life,  but  his  integrity 
and  ability  will,  no  doubt,  before  many  years 
bring  him  again  to  the  fore  in  political  mat- 
ters. Mr.  Corning  has  never  travelled  much 
outside  of  his  native  province.  He  has  held 
the  office  of  treasurer  of  the  municipality  of 
Yarmouth  since  1874.  Although  one  of  the 
largest  towns  in  the  province,  Yarmouth  has 
never  been  incorporated,  and  is  still  manag- 
ed in  the  old  way.  Nine  of  the  county 
councillors,  elected  in  the  limits  of  the  poll- 
ing district  of  Yarmouth  town,  manage  its 
affairs.  Mr.  Corning  married,  on  the  25th 
August,  1880,  Jane  Alden  Baxter,  daughter 
of  John  Baxter,  of  Yarmouth.  He  is  a  Bap- 
tist in  religion. 

Black,  J.  Burpee,  M.D.,  Windsor, 
N.S.,  was  born  at  St.  Martin's,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  15th  August,  1842.  Dr.  Black 
is  of  Irish  extraction,  his  father,  Thomas 
Henry  Black,  having  been  a  native  of  county 
Armagh,  Ireland.  His  mother's  maiden  name 
was  Mary  E.  Fownes,  and  resided  in  St. 
Martin's.  Dr.  Black  received  his  early 
education  in  St.  Martin's,  and  continued  his 
•course  in  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  and  at 
the  Mount  Allison  Wesleyan  Academy, 
Sackville,  N.B.  His  family  were  Baptists, 
but,  owing  probably  to  his  educational  as- 
sociations, Dr.  Black  has  for  twenty-five 
years  worshipped  with  the  Methodists,  and 
has  for  some  years  been  an  active  mem- 
ber of  their  church.  Having  completed  his 
studies  at  Sackville,  where  he  made  the  ac- 
quaintance of  the  lady  who  afterwards  be- 
came his  wife,  he  studied  medicine  at  Berk- 
shire Medical  College,  in  Massachusetts,  and 
received  the  degree  of  M.D.,  after  finishing 
his  course  at  the  University  of  Philadelphia. 


550 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  the  village  of  Hantsport,  Hants  county, 
N.S.,  but  after  residing  there  for  five  years 
removed  to  Windsor,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided, and  has  worked  up  one  of  the  largest 
practices  in  Nova  Scotia.  Hantsport  has 
been  in  its  growth  one  of  the  most  prosper- 
ous villages  in  Nova  Scotia.  It  owes  the 
greatest  part  of  its  success  to  the  business 
ability,  integrity  and  enterprise  of  the  Hon. 
Ezra  Churchill,  who  worked  his  way  up 
from  the  humblest  beginnings  to  the  posi- 
tion of  M.P.  in  Nova  Scotia  before  confed- 
eration, and  a  senator  of  the  Dominion. 
When  he  died,  at  Ottawa,  in  the  spring  of 
1874,  he  owned  a  fleet  of  upwards  of  forty 
ships  of  various  sizes,  and  his  property  was 
estimated  at  $800,000.  He  literally  made 
Hantsport,  most  of  the  houses  there  having 
been  erected  under  his  supervision.  His 
daughter,  Bessie,  was  married  to  Dr.  Black 
at  Hantsport,  on  the  llth  May,  1864.  They 
have  been  blessed  with  a  family  of  ten  chil- 
dren, nine  of  whom  are  living,  and  one,  the 
eldest,  is  married.  Like  his  father-in-law, 
Dr.  Black  has  always  been  a  Conservative 
in  politics,  and  in  some  campaigns  has  tak- 
en the  stump  in  behalf  of  his  friends.  He 
has  also  been  freely  spoken  of  as  a  possible 
candidate  for  legislative  honors.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  town  council  of 
the  town  of  Windsor  in  October,  1882,  and 
held  the  position  until  his  time  of  service 
expired  in  1884,  when  he  was  elected  war- 
den of  Windsor  without  opposition.  Wind- 
sor became  an  incorporated  town  in  the  year 
1878.  Previous  to  this  time  its  affairs  had 
been  administered  by  justices  of  the  peace 
sitting  at  quarter  sessions.  Its  public 
moneys  were  voted  at  a  town  meeting  held 
once  a  year.  The  chief  officers  were  the 
town  clerk,  the  commissioner  of  streets,  and 
the  collector  of  rates.  During  Dr.  Black's 
period  of  service  as  councillor  the  town  was 
supplied  with  water  from  a  reservoir  on 
Fall  Brook,  a  stream  of  water  running  from 
lakes  on  the  South  Mountain,  six  miles  in 
rear  of  the  town.  The  actual  length  of  the 
water  mains  is  about  three  miles.  The  cost 
of  this  public  work,  the  greatest  yet  under- 
taken by  the  town,  was  $48,000,  and  $8,000 
has  since  been  expended  in  extending  the 
system.  Debentures  paying  five  per  cent 
in  two  half-yearly  instalments  were  issued 
to  raise  this  sum,  which  was  readily  procur- 
ed, and  has  proved  to  be  excellent  stock, 
jhe  bonds  now  selling  considerably  above 


par.  All  parts  of  the  town  are  supplied 
cheaply  and  plentifully  with  excellent 
water,  while  the  pressure,  86  Ibs.,  is  so  great 
that  the  town  has  no  need  of  fire  engines, 
the  supply  from  the  hydrants  being  suffi- 
cient to  quickly  extinguish  any  fire  which 
has  yet  broken  out.  Dr.  Black  was  chair- 
man of  the  water  committee,  and  the  works 
under  his  management  were  constructed 
for  a  less  cost  than  that  estimated  by  the 
engineer — a  result  very  rare  in  public 
works.  Dr.  Black  has  also  been  interested 
in  most  of  the  new  manufacturing  enter- 
prises of  the  town.  On  the  expiry  of  his 
first  term  of  service  as  warden,  in  1884,  he 
was  re-elected  by  acclamation,  and  held  the 
office  until  he  retired  in  1885.  He  is  con- 
nected with  no  secret  society  except  the 
Masonic  fraternity.  He  was  made  a  Mason 
in  Mount  Lebanon  lodge,  R.E.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  in  1866.  He  held  the  office  of 
master  of  Poyntz  lodge,  at  Hantsport,  from 
1867  to  1870.  In  1873  he  became  high 
priest  of  Hiram  Chapter,  at  Windsor.  He 
was  also  district  deputy  grand  master  of 
the  Nova  Scotia  Grand  Lodge  in  1883  and 
1885. 

Bin^ay,  Thorn  u§  Van  Bii*kirk,  Yar- 
mouth, N.S.,  was  born  in  1814,  at  Shelburne, 
Nova  Scotia.  He  comes  of  an  old  loyalist 
family.  His  mother,  Sarah  Van  Buskirk,  was 
the  daughter  of  Jacob  Van  Buskirk,  who  saw 
stirring  times  during  the  American  revolu- 
tion. In  the  first  American  war  he  held  the 
position  of  major,  and  during  the  war  of 
1812  he  was  colonel.  Later  on  he  became 
a  judge  of  the  old  inferior  court  of  Common 
Pleas,  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  the  list  of  the 
judges  of  which  court  occur  some  of  the 
brightest  names  of  Nova  Scotians,  such  as 
Judge  Haliburton  ("  Sam  Slick  "),  John  G. 
Marshall,  and  Peleg  Wiswell.  Jacob  Van 
Buskirk's  father  was  Abraham  Van  Bus- 
kirk, who  was  colonel  in  the  4th  battalion 
of  New  Jersey  Volunteers,  and  second  in 
command  to  Brigadier-General  Arnold  at 
the  siege  of  Saratoga  (being  specially  men- 
tioned in  his  despatches  for  active  exertions), 
and  who,  at  the  close  of  the  revolutionary 
war,  in  1784,  settled  in  Shelburne.  Shel- 
burne was  then  a  city  of  some  ten  thousand 
inhabitants,  and  Abraham  Van  Buskirk  was 
its  first  mayor.  Mr.  Bin  gay  is  the  eldest 
son  of  the  late  John  Bingay,  of  Shelburne, 
who  for  some  years  represented  the  county 
of  Shelburne  in  the  provincial  parliament, 
and  who  was  deputy-sheriff  of  the  county  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


551 


Yarmouth,  and  subsequently,  in  1836,  first 
high  sheriff  of  the  county,  which  office  he 
held  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1851. 
He  was  educated  at  Church  Point,  in  Digby 
county,  with  the  venerable  Abb<$  Sigogne, 
for  many  years  parish  priest  of  the  Acadian 
district  of  Clare,  in  which  settlement  he  ex- 
ercised great  influence,  and  where  his  name 
is  still  held  in  great  reverence.  The  abb^ 
was  a  great  friend  of  T.  C.  Haliburton  whilst 
that  author  practised  law  in  Annapolis  Boy  al 
and  represented  the  county  of  Annapolis 
in  the  House  of  Assembly.  He  was  not 
only  a  very  learned  man,  but  also  a  typi- 
cal country  clergyman,  being  consulted  by 
his  flock  on  all  occasions  about  affairs  of 
every  class.  Mr.  Bingay  subsequently  at- 
tended school  in  Halifax.  He  began  to 
study  law  in  Liverpool,  N.S.,  but  completed 
his  term  of  apprenticeship  in  Halifax,  where 
he  was  enrolled  an  attorney  in  1835.  In 
those  days  a  year  elapsed  before  an  aspir- 
ant for  forensic  honours  after  becoming  an 
attorney  could  be  admitted  to  practice  at 
the  bar  of  this  province.  In  1835,  Mr.  Bin- 
gay  became  a  barrister  and  began  the  active 
duties  of  his  profession  in  Yarmouth.  In 
1839,  he  was  appointed  judge  of  probate, 
and  in  the  next  year,  master  in  chancery. 
He  was  also  a  captain  of  the  Yarmouth 
militia  in  1839.  In  1852  he  left  Yarmouth 
and  made  a  voyage  to  Australia.  On  his 
way  home  he  stopped  in  California,  where 
his  son,  Thomas  V.  B.,  was  born.  He  re- 
turned to  Yarmouth  in  1857,  and  has  re- 
sided there  ever  since.  Mr.  Bingay  has 
lived  through  the  most  prosperous  times  of 
Yarmouth.  Has  seen  the  rise,  good  times, 
and  decadence  of  one  of  the  most  enterpris- 
ing shipbuilding  eras  of  this  province,  and 
has  been  professionally  connected  with 
most  of  the  leading  enterprises  of  his  town. 
His  first  wife  was  Lois,  daughter  of  the  late 
Joseph  Tooker,  by  whom  he  had  two  sons, 
who  both  died  in  early  manhood,  and  a 
daughter  who  died  in  infancy.  His  second 
wife  was  Margaret  J.,  daughter  of  the  late 
James  Budd  Moody,  who  was  a  brother  of 
the  late  Elisha  W.  B.  Moody,  and  grandson 
of  Col.  James  Moody,  of  New  Jersey.  Col. 
James  Moody,  at  the  close  of  the  American 
war,  settled  in  Weymouth,  N.  S.  Of  this 
marriage  there  were  eight  sons  and  a  daugh- 
ter, of  whom  two  sons  and  the  daughter  died 
in  infancy.  Of  his  sons,  the  oldest  three 
reside  in  Yarmouth.  These  are  James  Went- 
worth  Bingay,  Q.C.,  revising  barrister,  and 


major  of  Yarmouth  county  militia  ;  George 
Bingay,  barrister  and  captain  of  militia,  and 
Thomas  V.  B.  Bingay,  accountant  in  the 
Exchange  Bank  of  Yarmouth.  All  of  these 
are  men  in  first-rate  standing.  Mr.  Bingay 
and  his  two  oldest  sons  constitute  the  legal 
firm  of  Thomas  V.  B.  Bingay  &  Sons.  They 
are  the  solicitors  of  the  following  local  cor- 
porations, viz.  : — The  Bank  of  Yarmouth  ; 
The  Western  Counties  Kail  way  Company 
(James  Wentworth  Bingay,  sec'y. -treasur- 
er) ;  The  Mutual  Belief  Society  of  Nova 
Scotia  (James  Wentworth  Bingay,  director 
and  trustee)  ;  and  the  Yarmouth  Water 
Company  (George  Bingay,  sec'y.-treas.). 
Of  the  latter  company  George  Bingay 
was  one  of  the  three  original  corporators. 
From  his  family  antecedents,  as  well  as 
his  professional  and  social  environment,  as 
may  be  supposed,  Mr.  Bingay's  sentiments 
lean  strongly  towards  Conservatism.  He  is 
the  oldest  representative  of  a  family,  which 
for  a  hundred  years,  has  held  a  very  promi- 
nent position  in  the  western  counties  of 
Nova  Scotia.  His  ancestors  made  great 
sacrifices  for  British  connection.  The  fam- 
ily are  Episcopalians  in  religion. 

Shields,  Jo  I  in,  of  Toronto,  was  born 
at  Crammond.  Bridge,  nine  miles  from  Edin- 
burgh, Midlothianshire,  Scotland,  on  the 
26th  day  of  June,  1842.  His  father  was 
Alexander  Shields,  a  farmer  from  Fifeshire, 
Scotland,  and  mother,  Margaret  West.  They 
came  to  Canada  in  1854,  and  settled  in  the 
township  of  Markham,  afterwards  removing 
to  the  township  of  the  Gore  of  Toronto. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  commenced  his 
education  at  Edinburgh,  and  afterwards 
attended  the  Collegiate  Institute,  Toronto, 
graduating  with  prize  honours.  He  then 
passed  a  regular  examination  which  enabled 
him  to  take  a  position  as  head  master  of  a 
school  in  the  township  of  Toronto,  which 
occupation  he  continued  at  for  two  years. 
He  then  successfully  passed  the  civil  ser- 
vice and  excise  examination,  taking  a  clerk- 
ship with  John  Morrow,  who  now  holds  the 
position  of  inspector  of  Inland  Revenue,  To- 
ronto. At  the  time  excise  duty  was  put  on 
petroleum  he  was  sent  to  Petrolia  and  Sar- 
nia  by  the  Dominion  government  to  orga- 
nize the  staff  for  the  Inland  Revenue  depart- 
ment. After  getting  this  branch  of  the 
service  in  active  operation,  he  resigned  in 
1872  and  commenced  the  production  of  oil 
by  sinking  a  large  number  of  wells  on  his 
own  account.  After  a  very  short  time  he 


552 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


became   one  of  the  largest   Canadian   oil 
operators,   continuing   in  this   business   a 
number   of   years.     During   this   time  his 
fellow  operators  and  the  citizens  generally 
having  seen  that  his   administrative  talent 
would  be  of  great  service  to  the  town  of  Pe- 
trolia,  they  elected  him  in  1875  to  the  office 
of  reeve,  he  being  the  youngest  member 
ever  elected  to  the  county  council.     This 
was  his  first  experience  in  politics,  and  from 
that  time  forth  he  took  an  active  part  in  the 
interests  of  the  Liberal- Conservative  party 
by  fighting  in  that  Reform  stronghold  the 
Hon.  Alexander  Mackenzie  and  his  brothers. 
From  oil  he  gradually  began  the  formation 
of  railway  companies,  and  was  largely  inter- 
ested with  the  late  F.  C.  Cline,  in  promot- 
ing and  building  the  Kingston  and  Pem- 
broke Railway.     About  this  time,  while  still 
reeve  of  Petrolia,  he  organized  the  Erie  and 
Lake  Huron  Railway,  which  was  afterwards 
carried  out  to  a  successful  issue  in  1876. 
He  removed  again  to  the  city  of  Toronto, 
since  which  time  he  has  been  actively  en- 
gaged in  building  railways,  canals,  bridges 
and  other  large  works  of  a  public  charac- 
ter, among  which  may  be  mentioned  that 
most   difficult  engineering  undertaking  of 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  between  Lake 
Superior  and  the  city  of  Winnipeg.     This 
part  of  the  line  was  considered  the  most  in- 
accessible part  of  the  road  between  the  At- 
lantic   and   Pacific    oceans.      He   and  his 
confrere  finished  this  difficult  task  one  year 
before  the  allotted  time,  much  to  the  sur- 
prise of  the  government,  the  officials  of  the 
board,  and  the  public  generally.     This  un- 
heard of  result  showed  to  great  advantage 
his  ability  in  controlling  a  large  body  of 
men.     After  finishing  the  line,  he  operated 
the  same  for  traffic   purposes  for   a  year, 
and  inaugurated  the  first  through  train  ser- 
vice, when  it  was  taken  over  by  the  com- 
pany.    During  this  time  he  saw  the  oppor- 
tunity and  necessity  for  a  large  business  in 
the  lumber  trade,  in  which  he,  with  his  usual 
enterprise,  at  once  embarked,  and  built  the 
first  saw-mill  and  the  first  house  in  Brandon, 
Manitoba.  He  also  built  several  other  exten- 
sive saw- mills  in  various  parts  of  the  pro- 
vince.    In  1886-7  he  rebuilt  and  enlarged 
the  Welland  Canal,  and  also  built  a  consider- 
able portion  of  the  St.  Catharines  and  Ni- 
agara Central  Railway,  being  the  sole  con- 
tractor for  that  line.    In  1887  he  commenc- 
ed to  build  the  Harvard  bridge,  between 
the  cities  of  Boston  and  Cambridge.     This 


bridge  will  have  twenty-six  spans,  will  be 
over  half  a  mile  long,  and  when  completed 
will  doubtless  reflect  great  credit  on  Mr. 
Shields  as  a  builder,  justifying  the  confi- 
dence his  American  cousins  have  placed 
in  him.  He  also  owns  and  develops  large 
granite  quarries  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  par- 
ticularly at  Deer  Isle.  Mr.  Shields  is  a 
consistent  member  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, and  was  first  married  on  the  8th  of 
October,  1870,  to  Essie  Annis  Smiley, 
of  St.  Catharines,  who  died  on  the  20th 
July,  1881,  at  Rat  Portage,  leaving  four 
children  to  mourn  her  loss,  two  sons  and 
two  daughters.  Mr.  Shields  afterwards 
married  a  second  time  Matilda  Esther 
Gould,  at  Rochester,  N.Y.,  on  the  5th  of 
November,  1884. 

Hale,  HOD.  John.— The  late  Hon. 
John  Hale  belonged  to  an  ancient  and  dis- 
tinguished family,  and  was  a  descendant  of 
Nicholas  de  Hales,  of  Hales  Place,  one  of 
whose  sons,  Sir  Robert,  treasurer  of  England, 
prior  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  John  of  Jeru- 
salem, temp.  Edward  III.,  1381,  was  killed 
by  the  insurgents  in  Wat.  Tyler's  insurrec- 
tion; and  of  Thomas  Hale,  who,  in  1400, 
held  Codicote,  the  family  seat  in  Hertford- 
shire, England,  as  per  inscription  in  the 
old  mansion  there,  which  was  pulled  down 
and  rebuilt  in  1774;  and  of  Richard  Hale, 
of  King's  Walden  and  Stagenhoe,  in  Hert- 
fordshire, temp.  Elizabeth,  1567  and  1588. 
His  father,  General  John  Hale,  came  to 
Canada  with  General  Wolfe  in  1758,  and  as 
colonel  commanded  the  47th  Regiment  at 
the  memorable  battle  on  the  Plains  of 
Abraham,  September  13th,  1759,  and  was 
the  one  chosen  by  Wolfe,  during  his  dying 
moments,  to  carry  home  the  despatches. 
We  give  an  extract  from  The  Literary  Ga- 
zette, London,  December  llth,  1847: — 

For  a  change  of  subject  we  proceed  to  an  origi- 
nal notice  of  an  eminent  native  of  Cleveland,  Gen- 
eral Hale,  a  companion  of  Wolfe  at  Quebec,  from 
the  pen  of  an  affectionate  daughter,  the  eldest 
representative  of  the  family,  which  can  hardly 
fail  .to  be  interesting  to  readers  :— 

"  My  father,  General  Hale,  was  born  in  1728. 
Being  intended  for  the  bar,  he  entered  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  but  becoming  associated  with 
his  brother  Bernard,  then  in  the  Guards,  he  fin- 
ally determined  to  follow  the  profession  of  arms. 
He  obtained  a  commission  in  the  47th  Regiment 
[then  called  Lascelles),  and  in  1752  was  ordered  to 
join  in  the  disastrous  struggle  in  America.  The  war 
with  France  in  1755  caused  the  attack,  in  1758,  on 
Louisbourg  and  Cape  Breton,  which  were  taken 
ay  the  army  under  Wolfe.  In  the  spring  of  1759 
Wolf  attacked  Quebec,  whilst  Amherst  attacked 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


553 


Montreal,  and  the  battle  of  September  13th, 
1759,  decided  the  fall  of  the  province.  My  father 
commanded  the  47th  on  that  day.  I  have  heard 
him  state  that  he  remonstrated  with  Wolfe  for 
wearing  a  new  uniform,  as  he  thereby  became 
conspicuous  to  the  Indian  marksmen.  My  father 
was  dispatched  home  in  the  Lowestoke  frigate, 
with  the  news  of  that  glorious  battle  and  the 
death  of  that  brave  commander,  in  the  arms  of 
victory.  For  that  service  he  was  rewarded  with 
the  sum  of  £500,  and  an  order  to  raise  the  17th 
Light  Dragoons,  which  regiment  he  resigned  on 
being  appointed  governor  of  Londonderry  and 
Culmore  forts.  (This  regiment  he  raised  at  his  own 
expense.)  He  married,  in  1764,  on  his  return  from 
the  Havanna  (where  he  went  as  military  secre- 
tary to  Lord  Albemarle,  and  received  prize  money 
to  the  amount  of  £10,000),  Mary,  second  daughter 
of  William  Chaloner,  Esq.  Her  dower  was  the 
estate  of  Tockett's  Hall,  afterwards  called  *  Plan- 
tation,' about  a  mile  north-east  of  Gisborough, 
where  was  an  ancient  house  to  which  the  General 
added  largely  and  made  it  his  residence." 

Mrs.  Hale  was  sister  of  Anne,  Countess  of 
Harewood,  and  was  one  of  the  celebrated 
beauties  of  the  day,  her  portrait  having 
been  painted  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  as 
"  Euphrosyne."  This  life-size  painting 
now  forms  the  centre  picture  in  the  gallery 
of  the  Earl  of  Harewood.  The  portrait  of 
her  husband,  the  general,  also  painted  by 
Sir  Joshua,  is  now  in  the  possession  of  his 
great-grandson,  Edward  John  Hale,  of 
Quebec. 

"  Mrs.  Hale  died  in  1803,  and  General  Hale 
in  1806,  and  both  are  buried  in  Gisborcugh 
Church,  leaving  issue  ten  sons  and  eleven  daugh 
ters  ;  but  of  this  large  family  not  one  is  now  to  be 
found  in  the  Vale  of  Gisborough.  '  Plantation ' 
was  purchased  in  1809  by  Eobert  Chaloner,  Esq., 
and  again  added  to  the  Gisborousrh  estate,  and 
the  mansion  demolished  in  1829.  In  addition  to 
the  above,  we  append  the  following  particulars  in 
a  letter  to  the  late  Thomas  Small,  of  Gisborough, 
by  the  same  writer  :  — '  I  have  read  the  copy  of 
your  letter  to  my  nephew,  George  Grote,  M.P. 
(the  historian),  and  as  I  am  now  left  the  eldest 
member  of  the  Hale  family,  being  sister  of  the 
late  Mrs.  Lewin,  whose  daughter  Mr.  Grote 
married.  I  cannot  but  thank  you  for  the  faithful 
history  of  the  late  General  John  Hale.  With 
regard  to  my  father  being  aide-de-camp  to  General 
Wolfe,  I  think  you  are  incorrect,  for  Wolfe's 
words  were,  after  receiving  his  mortal  wound,  "  I 
am  aware  it  is  the  aide-de-camp's  privilege  to 
carry  the  despatches  home  ;  but  I  beg  as  a  favor 
to  request  that  my  old  friend,  Colonel  Hale,  may 
have  that  honour.1'  Also,  General  Kale's  portrait 
is  not  inserted  in  that  fine  print  of  Wolfe's  death, 
and  why  ?  Because  he  would  not  give  the  printer 
the  sum  of  £100,  which  he  demanded  as  the  price 
of  placing  on  a  piece  of  paper  what  his  own  coun- 
try knew  so  very  well,  viz. :  that  he  (General  Hale) 
fought  in  the  hottest  of  the  battle  of  Quebec, 
whether  the  printer  thought  fit  to  record  it  or  not. 
In  reply  to  another  part  of  your  letter  respecting 
the  quantity  of  land  granted  to  my  father,  for 


his  services  at  Quebec,  the  whole  of  it  merged, 
through  lapse  of  time,  to  the  Crown,  and  was  never 
available  to  my  brothers ;  but  my  brothers  pos- 
sessed very  extensive  property  there,  and  such 
property  is  termed  in  Canada,  seignory,  or  what 
we  should  call  here  a  lordship.  My  eldest  bro- 
ther, Mr.  Hale  (the  Hon.  John),  died  at  Quebec 
last  Christmas  (1838),  at  the  age  of  73  years,  leav- 
ing the  office  of  receiver-general  to  his  second  son, 
Jeffrey.'" 

The  Hon.  John  Hale  came  to  Canada  as 
A.D.C.  and  military  secretary  to  his  Koyal 
Highness,  Prince  Edward,  Duke  of  Kent,  in 
1793.  Returning  to  England  in  1798,  he 
married,  in  April  of  that  year,  at  St. 
George's,  Hanover  Square,  London,  Eliza- 
beth Frances,  the  talented  and  highly  ac- 
complished daughter  of  Gen.  Wm.  Amherst, 
and  sister  of  Earl  Amherst,  who  was  gov- 
ernor-general of  India  in  1825.  In  June, 
1799,  he  returned  to  Quebec  as  paymaster- 
general  of  the  forces,  which  office  he  held 
until  it  was  merged  into  the  duties  of  the 
commissariat.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislative  Council  of  Lower  Canada.  He 
purchased  from  the  De  Lanaudiere  family 
the  seignory  of  St.  Anne  de  la  Perade, 
where  he  lived  to  a  ripe  old  age,  at  the 
manor  house,  on  the  best  of  terms  with  his 
tenants,  amongst  whom  he  introduced  many 
improvements.  He  returned  with  his  fam- 
ily every  winter  to  Quebec,  where  he  and 
Mrs.  Hale  were  prominent  leaders  in  the 
social  life  of  the  ancient  capital.  In  1824 
he  was  appointed  receiver- general  of  the 
province,  which  office  he  held  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  the  duties  being  dis- 
charged during  the  infirmities  of  his  last 
illness  by  his  son,  Jeffrey  Hale,  who  retired 
from  the  navy  and  devoted  his  life  to  good 
works,  and  established  in  Quebec  the  first 
savings  bank,  the  first  Protestant  Sunday 
school,  and  was  the  founder  of  the  Jeffrey 
Hale  Protestant  Hospital.  Mrs.  Hale  died 
in  June,  1826,  and  Mr.  Hale  in  December, 
1838 ;  both  are  buried  in  Mt.  Hermon  ceme- 
tery, Quebec.  There  were  twelve  children 
issue  of  this  marriage,  eight  sons  and  four 
daughters.  Three  died  in  their  infancy.  Of 
the  surviving  seven  the  Hon.  Edward,  of 
Sherbrooke,  was  in  public  life;  Jeffrey, 
captain  in  the  Royal  Navy;  Bernard,  a 
barrister-at-law,  in  London;  Richard,  cap- 
tain in  the  81st  regiment;  William  Amherst, 
captain  in  the  52nd  regiment,  and  George 
Carleton  remained  at  the  seignory  of  St. 
Annes  after  the  death  of  his  father.  Frances 
Isabella  died  unmarried;  Mary  married 


554 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Rev.  Henry  Hotham  ;  and  Elizabeth  Har- 
riot married  Admiral  Orlebar.  Mr.  Hale 
was  of  the  old  school,  with  the  usual  liber- 
ality and  independence  of  an  English  gen- 
tleman. He  had  some  strong  hereditary 
f  eelings  about  the  duties  of  a  public  officer, 
which  were  better  securities  than  the  strict- 
est laws  and  superintendence  in  those  times 
when  offices  were  frequently  sought  and 
obtained  through  intrigue  and  popular 
favor.  He  neither  gave  nor  asked  for 
favors,  but  ever  prepared  to  do  all  that  he 
was  authorized  to  do.  Both  in  public  and 
private  life  he  carried  out  to  the  full  the 
family  motto,  "  Vera  sequor." 

Trenaman,  Thoma§,M.D.,City  Med- 
ical Officer,  Halifax,  N.S.,  was  born  in  Hali- 
fax, July  16th,  1843.  He  is  a  son  of 
Samuel  and  Mary  Ann  Trenaman,  who  set- 
tled in  Nova  Scotia  from  the  West  of  Eng- 
land, about  the  year  1835.  Dr.  Trenaman 
was  educated  at  King's  College,  Windsor, 
N.S.  He  pursued  his  preparatory  medical 
studies  in  the  office  of  Hon.  D.  McN.  Par- 
ker, M.  D.,  Halifax,  and  graduated  in  1869 
at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York.  The  degree  of  doctor  in  medi- 
cine ad  eundem,  was  conferred  by  the  Uni- 
versity of  King's  College,  Windsor,  N.S.,  at 
its  Ericoenia  in  1887.  From  the  date  of  the 
formation  of  the  66th  Volunteer  Battalion 
of  Infantry — the  Princess  Louise  Fusiliers 
— in  1869,  to  the  spring  of  1885,  he  was  one 
of  its  surgeons.  The  pressing  nature  of  pro- 
fessional duties,  which  were  continually  in- 
creasing, necessitated  his  retirement,  at  this 
date,  from  active  service.  In  the  year  1876 
Dr.  Trenaman  was  chosen  by  acclamation 
to  represent  his  fellow  citizens  in  the  city 
council  for  ward  two,  the  one  in  which 
he  resides,  and  was  for  three  successive 
terms,  of  three  years  each,  returned  as 
alderman  for  that  ward.  From  1879  to 

1882  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
School  Commissioners  of  the  city  of  Halifax, 
the  last  year  of  which  he  was  honored  by 
his  brother  commissioners  in  being  made 
chairman  of  the  board.     Dr.  Trenaman  was 
elected  county  physician  in  1881,  and  in 

1883  was  chosen  by  the  city  council,  city 
medical  officer,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  the  previous  incumbent.     Our 
subject  is  also,  at  this  writing,  attending 
physician  to  the  Victoria  General  Hospital, 
visiting  physician  to  the  Poor's  Asylum,  and 
also  to  the  city  prison,  as  well  as  being 
police  surgeon  and  surgeon  to  the  fire  de- 


partment. Dr.  Trenaman  was  initiated  in- 
to the  mysteries  of  the  Masonic  craft  in  St. 
Andrew's  lodge,  No.  1,  E.N.S.,  F.  &  A.  M., 
in  1871.  In  1877  was  elected  its  worship- 
ful master,  and  at  the  present  time  fills  the 
office  of  district  deputy  grand  master  for 
district  No.  1,  R.N.S. ,  and  is  also  represen- 
tative of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Connecticut, 
near  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Nova  Scotia. 
Dr.  Trenaman  is  a  companion  of  Boyal 
Union  Chapter,  No.  1,  B.A.M.  The  doctor 
is  also  a  member  of  Mystic  lodge,  No.  18, 
I.O.  of  O.F.,  and  a  patriarch  of  Halifax  En- 
campment, No.  12,  belonging  as  well  to  the 
Manchester  Unity  of  that  order,  being  a 
member  of  Prince  of  Wales  lodge,  No.  5291, 
and  its  surgeon,  and  that  of  Lansdowne 
lodge,  No.  6703.  Dr.  Trenaman  is  surgeon 
to  the  St.  George's  Society  of  Halifax,  and  is 
the  medical  examiner  for  some  of  the  leading 
life  insurance  companies  doing  business  in 
Halifax.  In  June,  1881,  our  subject  was 
elected  president  of  the  associated  alumni  of 
King's  College,  Windsor,  and  has  been  con- 
tinued in  that  office  uninterruptedly  since 
that  time.  In  1883  he  was  selected  by  the 
Dominion  government  statistical  officer  for 
the  registration  of  mortuary  statistics  in  the 
city  of  Halifax.  Dr.  Trenaman  has  travel- 
led extensively  through  Canada  and  the 
United  States,  but  has  not  as  yet  visited  the 
old  world.  In  religious  belief  he  is  a 
Methodist.  In  1871,  he  married  Harriett 
Helen  Robinson,  of  Windsor,  N.S.  The 
doctor  is,  in  the  fullest  sense  of  the  term,  a 
busy  man,  yet  he  finds  time,  notwithstand- 
ing his  large  and  lucrative  practice,  to  take 
an  active  interest  in  everything  that  per- 
tains to  the  welfare  of  his  native  city.  He 
is  an  enthusiastic  supporter  of  its  clubs  for 
the  development  of  aquatic  and  field  sports, 
and  generally  is  a  citizen  of  whom  Halifax 
has  a  right  to  be  proud. 

Macliiii,  Henry  Turner,  Assistant 
Provincial  Treasurer,  and  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  Board,  Quebec,  is  one  of  the  best 
known  and  most  esteemed  citizens  of  the 
ancient  capital.  He  is  of  English  and 
Scotch  extraction.  His  father,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Machin,  a  clergyman  of  the  Church 
of  England,  came  of  an  old  Gloucestershire 
family ;  and  his  mother,  Emily  Mackintosh 
Chisholm  Fraser,  a  daughter  of  Simon 
Fraser,  of  Alvie,  Inverness -shire,  who  was 
a  cousin  of  the  distinguished  statesman 
and  historian,  Sir  James  Mackintosh.  Mr. 
Machin  was  born  at  Newcastle-under-Lyme, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


555 


Staffordshire,  England,  on  the  26th  Novem- 
ber, 1832,  and  came  to  Canada  with  his 
parents  in  1840,  the  voyage  from  Liverpool 
to  New  York  being  made  in  the  steamship 
Great  Western,  one  of  the  first  two  passen- 
ger steamships  that  regularly  crossed  the 
Atlantic  He  was  educated  at  the  Bxockville 
Grammar  School,  and  at  Upper  Canada  Col- 
lege, Toronto.  He  entered  business  life  in 
1849,  in  the  office  of  the  British  American 
Land  Company,  at  Sherbrooke,  P.Q.,  the 
commissioner  of  the  company  at  that  time 
being  Sir  A.  T.  Gait,  and  remained  in  the 
company's  service  until  1860,  when  he  retir- 
ed from  it  to  engage  in  commercial  business 
in  Portland,  Maine.  Respected  by  the 
whole  community,  he  was,  on  leaving  Sher- 
brooke, presented  with  a  farewell  address, 
to  which  the  following  reference  was  made 
at  the  time  by  the  leading  local  newspaper : 

It  affords  us  a  sincere  pleasure,  which  will  be 
shared  by  the  numerous  friends  and  admirers  of 
Mr.  Machin,  who  may  peruse  it,  to  insert  the 
following  address  and  reply.  Mr.  Machin,  though 
a  young  man,  has  resided  sufficiently  long  in  Sher- 
brooke to  develop  those  qualities  which  have  secur- 
ed for  him  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  his  numer- 
ous acquaintances  and  friends.  On  Monday  last 
Rev.  Mr. Reid,  accompanied  by  several  of  the  most 
respectable  inhabitants,  representing  the  signers  of 
the  following  document,  waited  on  Mr.  Machin,  to 
perform  the  pleasant  duty  of  presenting  him  with 
a  flattering,  though  only  just,  testimony  of  the 
public  appreciation  of  his  character.  There  is  a 
feeling  of  regret  at  Mr.  Machin's  departure  from 
Sherbrooke,  but  that  feeling  is  joined  to  hearty 
wishes  for  his  future  welfare  and  success.  It  must 
be  a  source  of  honest  and  legitimate  pride  to  this 
gentleman  to  reflect  that  last  week  he  was  pre- 
sented by  his  brother  Free  Masons  with  a  testi- 
monial of  their  esteem,  and  that  this  week  a  more 
general  expression  of  the  sentiment  is  spontane- 
ously given  by  the  public  here. 

In  1873,  Mr.  Machin  returned  to  Canada, 
and  in  1874  he  was  appointed  the  first  in- 
spector of  public  offices  of  the  province  of 
Quebec.  His  executive  and  financial  abili- 
ties soon  pointed  him  out  for  preferment , 
and  in  October,  1874,  he  was  elevated  by 
the  Quebec  government  to  the  still  more  im- 
portant and  responsible  position  of  assistant 
treasurer  of  the  province,  which  office  he 
still  holds.  In  his  official  capacity  he  has 
been  connected  with  all  the  financial  opera- 
tions of  the  province  since  1874,  and  in  1878 
he  was  sent  by  the  government  to  New  York, 
where  he  materially  assisted  in  the  success- 
ful negotiation  of  the  provincial  loan  for 
$3,000,000.  He  has  been  chiefly  instru- 
mental in  bringing  the  organisation  of  the 
treasury  department  to  its  present  state  of 


efficiency.  He  has  never  taken  a  leading 
part  in  politics,  but  has  had  the  confidence 
and  respect  of  every  administration,  whether 
Conservative  or  Liberal,  that  has  been  in 
office  since  his  appointment  as  a  deputy  min- 
ister of  the  Crown.  As  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Quebec  and  Levis  Electric  Light 
Company,  of  which  he  is  a  director,  the  city 
of  Quebec  is  indebted  to  his  enterprise  and 
spirit  for  a  vast  improvement  in  street  and 
interior  lighting,  the  electric  current  being 
generated  at  the  famed  Falls  of  Montmor- 
ency,  nine  miles  from  the  city.  Mr.  Machin 
is  a  member  of  the  Church  of  England,  is  a 
Freemason,  and  has  held  a  commission  in  the 
militia.  In  1863,  he  married  Lucy  Annet 
daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  Edward  Hale,  of 
Sherbrooke,  a  member  of  the  Legislative 
Council  of  Quebec,  and  grand- daughter  of 
the  late  Hon.  Chief  Justice  Bowen,  of  Que- 
bec. 

Martin,  Joseph  LL.B.,  Advocate, 
Quebec,  is  one  of  the  rising  members  of  the 
Lower  Canadian  bar,  and  a  young  man  of 
considerable  note  and  influence  in  the  poli- 
tics of  that  province.  He  was  born  at 
Champlain,  in  the  Three  Rivers  district,  on 
the  1st  May,  1855,  his  parents  being  Ze- 
phirin  Martin  and  Sophie Vivier, both  French 
Canadians.  He  was  educated  at  the  Chris- 
tian Brothers'  Commercial  School,  Three 
Rivers,  and  the  De  La  Salle  Institute,  To- 
ronto, and  studied  law  at  the  Montreal 
branch  of  the  Laval  University,  where  he 
took  his  degrees.  Admitted  to  the  bar  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  after  a  brilliant  ex- 
amination, on  the  14th  January,  1881,  he 
practised  law  in  Montreal  till  1882,  when 
he  was  appointed  one  of  the  secretaries  to 
the  commission  named  to  revise  and  consoli- 
date the  statutes  of  the  province,  and  took 
up  his  residence  in  Quebec.  A  Conserva- 
tive in  politics,  he  separated  from  the  party 
represented  by  the  Ottawa  government  on 
the  question  of  the  North-west  rebellion, 
and  the  execution  of  its  leader,  and  took  a 
very  active  and  prominent  part  in  the  Riel 
agitation  and  the  formation  of  the  National 
party  in  the  province  of  Quebec,  besides 
contributing  in  no  slight  degree  by  his  ex- 
ertions to  the  wave  of  popular  opinion  which 
carried  the  present  premier  of  that  province, 
Hon.  H.  Mercier,  and  his  friends,  into  office 
at  the  general  elections  in  October,  1886. 
In  January,  1887,  on  the  eve  of  the  general 
elections  for  the  Dominion,  Mr  Martin  re- 
signed his  position  of  secretary  to  the  com- 


556 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


mission,  on  being  chosen  as  the  National- 
Conservative  or  Opposition  candidate  for 
the  important  county  of  Quebec,  against 
the  minister  of  militia,  Sir  A.  P.  Caron,  and, 
although  almost  a  complete  stranger  to  the 
constituency,  was  only  defeated  by  a  very 
narrow  majority.  In  religion,  Mr.  Martin 
has  always  been  a  Roman  Catholic.  On  the 
9th  May,  1883,  he  married  Olierie  de  Bondy, 
daughter  of  Dr.  A.  Douaire  de  Bondy,  of 
Sorel,  by  whom  he  has  had  three  children. 

Mackay,  William,  M.  D.,  M.  P.  P., 
Eeserve  Mines,  C.B.,  was  born  on  llth  Sep., 
1847,  at  Earltown,  in  the  county  of  Colches- 
ter, Nova  Scotia.  For  a  sketch  of  his  pa- 
rents, John  Maekay  and  Dolina  Mackay, 
see  "  Paterson's  History  of  the  County  of 
Pictou,"  page  278.  His  father  was  one  of 
the  pioneer  settlers  in  Earltown,  and  took  a 
prominent  and  leading  part  in  all  the  pub- 
lic affairs  of  the  place  from  the  time  of 
settlement  there  until  his  death,  in  1869. 
A  granite  monument  from  his  native  hills, 
Eogart,  Sutherlandshire,  Scotland,  present- 
ed to  the  family  by  his  Grace  the  Duke  of 
Sutherland,  was  shortly  afterwards  erected 
to  commemorate  a  life  largely  devoted  to 
advancing  the  interests  and  ameliorating 
the  wants  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood in  which  he  lived.  His  mother 
is  still  living  and  among  the  few  who  can 
recall  the  incidents  relating  to  the  early 
history,  both  of  church  and  state  in  eastern 
Nova  Scotia,  her  residence  being  often  the 
temporay  home  of  churchmen  and  states- 
men. The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  edu- 
cated at  Truro,  and  graduated  at  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College,  New  York,  in 
1873,  and  after  graduating  he  practised 
medicine  for  one  year  with  his  brother,  Dr. 
D.  G.  Mackay,  at  Little  Glace  Bay,  Cape 
Breton.  In  May,  1874,  he  was  appointed 
resident  physician  to  the  Loway,  Emery, 
and  Reserve  collieries,  in  Cape  Breton  coun- 
ty. In  1879,  Dr.  D.  G.  Mackay  removing 
from  Little  Glace  Bay,  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment (in  addition  to  the  former)  of 
physician  to  the  Little  Glace  Bay,  Cale- 
donia, and  Ontario  collieries,  and  in  1885, 
was  appointed  physician  to  the  old  Bridge- 
port mine,  in  addition  to  the  above.  The 
appointment  to  the  Caledonia  mine  he  has 
since  resigned.  He  was  instrumental  in  or- 
ganizing and  perfecting  a  system  of  quaran- 
tining of  infectious  and  contageous  diseases 
for  the  mining  districts  which  worked  so  sa- 
tisfactorily that  the  municipal  council  have 


caused  it  to  ap|>ly  to  the  whole  county.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  health 
of  Cape  Breton  county  for  the  last  five  years, 
and  is  also  a  member  of  the  provincial  medi- 
cal board.  He  has  been  twice  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  Cape  Breton  Medical  Society, 
and  is  now  president  of  the  Nova  Scotia 
Medical  Society;  he  is  also  a  P.M.  of  Tyrian 
Youth  Lodge,  No.  45,  R.N.S.,  A.F.  &  A.M., 
and  a  past  high  priest  of  Prince  of  Wales 
Chapter  No.  10,  K.A.M.,  of  Nova  Scotia. 
Dr.  Mackay  is  a  Liberal- Conservative  in 
politics,  and  was  elected  to  represent  Cape 
Breton  county  in  the  local  legislature  of 
Nova  Scotia  at  the  election  in  June,  1886. 
A  liberal  government  being  in  power,  and 
it  having  been  sustained  at  the  election, 
Dr.  MacKay  was,  at  the  first  meeting  of  the 
newly  elected  legislature,  honoured  with 
the  position  of  leader  of  the  opposition.  In 
religion,  he  is  a  consistent  and  honoured 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He 
was  married  on  November  10th,  1875,  to 
Catherine  Campbell  Sutherland,  youngest 
daughter  of  Gilbert  Sutherland,  of  "the 
Falls,"  Colchester  county,  N.S.,  by  whom 
he  has  one  son  and  two  daughters. 

Car§on,  Rev.  W.  Wellington.  Pas- 
tor of  the  Dominion  Methodist  Church,  Ot- 
tawa, Ontario,  was  born  in  the  township  of 
Osgoode,  county  of  Carleton,  Ontario,  on  the 
7th  of  January,  1845.  He  is  a  son  of  Thos. 
and  Maria  Carson,  who  came  to  Canada 
from  Ireland  in  the  year  1833,  and  who 
were  among  the  pioneer  settlers  in  that  now 
prosperous  part  of  Ontario.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  attended  the  Ottawa  Gram- 
mar School,  and  the  academy  in  Iroquois, 
being  assistant  teacher  in  the  latter  pre- 
viously to  commencing  a  course  of  theolo- 
gical study.  He  was  called  to  the  ministry 
of  the  Methodist  church  in  1867,  and  was 
received  into  full  connection  and  ordained 
by  the  late  Kev  W.  Morley  Punshon,  in 
1871.  After  ordination  he  held  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  First  Methodist  Church,  Hamil- 
ton ;  Brant  Avenue  Church,  Brantford  ; 
the  Woodstock  Church,  and  Centenary 
Methodist  Church,  Hamilton.  He  was  mis- 
sionary treasurer  of  the  London  conference 
four  years  ;  examiner  of  ministerial  candi- 
dates on  apologetics  and  hermeneutics,  and 
also  held  the  office  of  chairman  of  district, 
1884-5.  He  has  travelled  extensively  over 
this  continent,  and  over  nearly  half  the 
world,  including,  of  course,  various  parts  of 
Europe,  England,  and  France,  all  this  being 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


557 


done  with  the  view  of  enlarging  his  know- 
ledge of  mankind,  and  the  religious  insti- 
tutions of  other  nations.  His  religious 
views  may  be  known  by  his  identification 
with  the  Methodist  church,  but  his  credal 
beliefs  are  wider  than  those  of  any  denomi- 
nation. His  present  charge  is  the  Do- 
minion Church,  Ottawa,  where  he  is  ex- 
ceedingly popular  and,  what  is  better,  use- 
ful. His  congregations  are  large,  and  the 
church  prosperous.  An  intimate  friend  of 
the  reverend  gentleman  writes  as  follows  : 
"  I  have  known  Mr.  Carson  from  the  time 
of  his  commencing  his  theological  btudies, 
and  his  entrance  on  the  work  of  the  minis- 
try. He  is  one  of  the  most  devoted  and 
studious  of  the  Methodist  ministry,  not  con- 
fining himself  to  the  literature  of  his  own 
sect,  but  making  himself  master  of  most 
lines  of  modern  thought.  His  firm  and 
unwavering  belief  in  the  verities  of  Holy 
Scripture  guards  him  against  the  recep- 
tion of  every  wind  of  doctrine  that  blows 
from  this  or  that  point  of  the  compass.  In 
preaching,  he  is  calm  at  the  beginning,  en- 
ergetic as  he  proceeds,  fervent  and  eloquent 
in  his  perorations.  Hearing  him  frequently, 
it  may  be  added  that  he  is  progressive,  and 
capable  of  grasping  the  highest  and  best 
form  of  thought,  distinct  in  annunciation, 
and  clear  in  his  modes  of  expressing  his 
conclusions." 

Reed,  Robert,  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  in  the  north  of  Ireland, 
on  the  28th  April,  1814.  After  a  shipwreck 
on  the  Atlantic  in  1820,  he  arrived  with  his 
parents  at  their  original  destination,  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  in  June  of  the  follow- 
ing year.  In  January,  1830,  he  became  chief 
clerk  in  the  shipping  and  steam-boat  office 
of  James  Whitney,  who  was  then  enter- 
ing upon  that  fuller  development  of  steam 
communication  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and 
River  St.  John  for  which  he  afterwards  be- 
came famous.  In  1835  Mr.  Heed  joined  his 
brother  in  general  business,  the  partnership 
continuing  until  1886,  under  the  firm  of  J. 
and  E.  Keed.  The  fact  of  this  name  having 
now,  after  a  successful  and  creditable  career 
of  half  a  century's  duration,  passed  from  the 
arena  of  commercial  life  with  an  honorable 
record  for  the  strictest  business  integrity, 
into  a  mere  historical  item,  warrants  more 
than  a  passing  notice.  Hence  it  may  be 
said  the  affairs  of  this  house  were  from  the 
first  of  a  progressive  character,  reaching  to 
business  relations  with  nearly  every  import- 


ant sea-port  in  the  several  oceans  and  seas, 
and  thus  their  operations  as  importers,  as 
exporters,  as  manufacturers  and  as  ship- 
owners became  at  times  among  the  largest 
of  a  New  Brunswick  character.  And  in 
order  to  show  the  business  habits  and  pre- 
cautionary financial  arrangements  of  its 
members,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  through- 
out the  many  commercial  panics  and  busi- 
ness convulsions  which  occurred  during  the 
long  period  of  the  firm's  existence,  its  finan- 
cial engagements,  whether  at  home  or  abroad, 
were  in  all  cases  duly  met,  free  from  protest. 
Mr.  Eeed  having  had  no  aspirations  towards 
political  distinction,  holds  no  office  or  title 
in  the  gift  of  any  government.  His  politi- 
cal record  is  embraced  in  the  following.  In 
1856  he  consented  to  be  one  on  a  ticket 
formed  to  run  a  provincial  election  in  sup- 
port of  a  prohibitory  liquor  law  passed  the 
previous  session;  but  the  whole  party  being 
defeated,  a  repeal  of  the  law  followed.  This, 
and  the  acceptance,  during  a  temporary  re- 
sidence in  England  the  following  year,  of  a 
government  appointment  in  connection  with 
the  purchase  of  rails  and  bridge  material 
for  the  European  and  North  American  Kail- 
way,  then  under  construction,  embrace  his 
entire  association  with  active  political  life. 
But  as  a  private  citizen  he  has  ever  been 
noted  for  a  generous  public  spirit,  willing 
to  assist  in  any  movement  which  he  deem- 
ed for  the  interest  of  the  city  and  province 
of  his  adoption.  He  has  travelled  much, 
coupled  with  observation,  consequently  his 
ideas,  whether  of  a  private  or  public  charac- 
ter, have  always  kept  pace  with  the  pro- 
gress of  the  age.  He  is  president  of  the 
Owens  Art  Institution,  of  St.  John,  to  the 
development  of  which,  as  a  leading  art  edu- 
cational establishment,  he  has,  from  its  in- 
ception in  1884,  devoted  much  of  his  per- 
sonal attention.  His  latest  effort  for  the 
general  good  is  set  forth  in  a  prospectus 
for  a  first-class  hotel,  of  large  capacity, 
having  in  view  making  St.  John  "  a  grand 
central  rendezvous  and  diver ging  centre  " 
for  summer  tourists  visiting  the  maritime 
provinces.  For  that  purpose  he  proposes 
the  utilization  of  his  private  residence,  with 
other  and  prospective  erections  within  a 
plot  covering  eight  acres,  situate  on  the 
summit  of  an  eminence  overlooking  the  city 
and  its  surroundings  as  far  as  the  eye  can 
reach.  The  scheme  appears  feasible,  and 
got  up  with  a  due  regard  to  existing  facts 
bearing  upon  its  financial  success.  Its  con- 


558 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


summation  would  undoubtedly  be  a  benefit 
to  St.  John,  and  the  province  generally.  Mr. 
Reed,  though  well  advanced  in  years,  is  at 
this  writing  still  full  of  energy,  and  bids 
fair  to  yet  see  many  years  of  usefulness 
added  to  his  already  full  and  useful  life. 

Oirouard,  Theophtle,  Quebec,  is  one 
of  the  most  prominent,  enterprising  and 
successful  of  the  French  Canadian  business- 
men of  the  ancient  capital,  and  its  subsidi- 
ary districts.  Born  at  Gentilly,  Nicolet 
county,  on  the  1st  December,  1826,  of  the 
marriage  of  Joseph  Girouard  and  a  French 
lady  named  de  Cormier,  he  is  essentially  a 
self-educated  and  a  self-made  man,  and  an 
admirable  specimen  of  the  class  of  his  fel- 
low-countrymen who  have  done  so  much  of 
late  years  to  develop  the  resources  of  their 
native  province.  As  a  lad,  he  laboured  hard 
to  instruct  himself,  and  thus  succeeded  in 
acquiring  a  good  French  and  English  edu- 
cation. As  a  'man,  he  has,  with  similar  en- 
ergy and  perseverance,  striven  to  make  his 
way  in  the  world,  and  his  efforts  have  been 
crowned  with  equal  success.  His  experience 
has  been  varied.  In  1849,  he  was  impelled 
by  the  gold  fever  to  California,  like  many 
other  young  and  enthusiastic  spirits  of  the 
time,  but  unlike  not  a  few  of  them  he  was 
fairly  successful  during  his  stay  of  four 
years  there.  Returning  to  Canada,  he  en- 
gaged in  the  lumber  business,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  and  has  been  connected 
with  it  ever  since.  For  a  number  of  years 
the  principal  seat  of  his  operations  was  in 
the  eastern  townships,  where  he  also  resid- 
ed ;  but  in  1872  he  extended  them  to  the 
region  along  the  north  shore  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  below  the  Saguenay,  where  he 
founded  the  outpost  of  Betsiamits  for  the 
purpose  of  manufacturing  and  shipping 
lumber,  and  where  he  erected  extensive  saw 
mills  at  a  cost  of  $152,000.  These  mills 
are  supplied  with  the  raw  material  from  750 
square  miles  of  limits,  and  the  establishment 
employs  from  two  to  three  hundred  men. 
Mr.  Girouard  has  also  been  the  promoter  of 
some  of  the  largest  manufactures  in  the 
province.  Nor  has  he  been  without  honours 
marking  the  respect  and  confidence  of  his 
fellow  citizens.  He  has  been  a  captain 
of  militia  and  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and 
the  important  municipality  of  Stanfold,  in 
the  eastern  townships,  elected  him  its  mayor 
during  seven  years.  In  politics,  he  was  a 
Conservative  down  to  the  time  of  the  Riel 
affair,  when  he  seceded,  joined  the  Liberal 


ranks,  and  became  a  Nationalist.  His  travels 
have  been  extensive.  Including  his  voyages 
to  and  from  California,  he  has  crossed  the 
ocean  over  thirty  times,  has  visited  most  of 
Europe,  and  by  a  singular  coincidence 
which  has  happened  in  the  lives  of  few  men, 
was  carried  by  a  gale  of  wind  to  latitude 
62|°  south  below  Cape  Horn,  while  he  went 
on  another  occasion  as  far  in  the  opposite 
direction  as  62^o  north  during  his  travels  in 
Sweden  and  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  In  re- 
ligion, he  has  always  been  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic. On  the  9th  October,  1861,  he  married 
Alexneia  Pacand,  daughter  of  Charles  Pa- 
cand,  of  Arthabasca,  by  whom  he  has  had 
issue  five  children.  His  eldest  son,  Raoul, 
has  distinguished  himself  as  an  electrician 
at  Ottawa. 

Pacaud,  Gaspare!,  M.P.P.,  Windsor, 
Ontario,  editor  of  Le  Progress,  and  M.P.P. 
for  North  Essex,  was  born  at  St.  Norbert, 
d'Arthabaska,  province  of  Quebec,  on  the 
24th  June,  1859.  He  was  educated  at  St. 
Joseph  Grand  Seminary,  Three  Rivers,  P.Q., 
and  graduated  therefrom  in  1880.  He  then 
entered  the  law  office  of  his  brother,  Ernest 
Pacaud,  well  known  in  Quebec  city  as  a 
man  of  ability  and  learning,  but  the  spirit 
of  activity  within  him  was  such  as  to  in- 
duce him  to  forsake  the  law  for  the  equally 
honorable  and  more  exciting  profession  of 
journalism,  and  accordingly,  in  1881,  he 
became  editer  of  Le  Patriote,  published  in 
Bay  City,  Michigan,  by  another  brother,  H. 
A.  Pacaud.  In  1884  he  returned  to  Canada, 
and  took  the  editorial  chair  of  Le  Progress, 
published  in  Windsor  by  still  another  bro- 
ther, Aurele  Pacaud,  and  has  edited  this 
paper  ever  since.  Le  Progress  is  the  only 
French  paper  published  in  Western  Onta- 
rio, and  has  a  high  standing  among  the  re- 
form papers  of  the  province.  At  the  last 
general  election  Mr.Pacaud  was  returned  by 
the  Reformers  of  North  Essex  as  their  re- 
presentative in  the  Legislative  Assembly  of 
Ontario,  and  there  is  no  member  of  that 
body  who  tries  more  to  advance  the  inter- 
ests of  his  constituents  than  he  does.  A  fact 
which  may  be  taken  as  strong  evidence  of 
the  magnetism  and  personal  popularity  of 
Mr.  Pacaud  is  this,  that  although  such  a 
young  man — young  in  years  as  well  as  in 
political  life — and  although  resident  but  a 
short  time  in  a  county  which  never  before 
elected  a  Liberal,  yet  he  defeated  Mr.  Sol. 
White,  who  was  so  well  known  as  the  leader 
of  the  Opposition's  first  lieutenant.  The 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


559 


attention  which  Mr.  Pacaud  has  given  to 
his  parliamentary  duties,  and  the  fluency 
of  his  speech  when  he  has  addressed  the 
house,  are  evidences  to  his  friends  that,  al- 
though the  youngest  member  of  the  house, 
Mr.  Pacaud  is  destined  to  make  his  mark, 
and  possibly  to  rise  to  a  yet  higher  posi- 
tion in  the  future.  Mr.  Pacaud  is  the  son 
of  Philippe  Napoleon  Pacaud,  who  so  pow- 
erfully seconded  Papineau,  in  1837  and 
1838,  by  putting  his  life  and  his  immense 
wealth  at  the  service  of  the  great  cause  of 
his  fellow  countrymen,  and  is  one  of  five 
brothers,  three  of  whom  are  journalists,  and 
two  lawyers.  Every  reader  of  Canadian 
history  knows  the  name  of  Pacaud,  the  bear- 
ers of  this  name  having  distinguished  them- 
selves in  many  ways.  The  Pacaud  family, 
indeed,  is  well  known  as  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  distinguished  in  the  province  of 
Quebec. 

Ho wat,  Hon.  Oliver,  Q.C.,  LL.D., 
Premier  of  the  province  of  Ontario,  is  de- 
scended of  a  stock  that  has  given  Canada 
many  of  its  foremost  men  in  almost  every 
public  department  in  the  land,  namely,  the 
Canadian-Scotch.     His  father,  John  Mowat, 
was  from  Canisbay,  Caithness-shire,  Scot- 
land.    He  was  a  soldier  who  had  seen  stern 
service  during  the  Peninsular  wars.     His 
wife,  Helen  Levack,  was  also  a  native  of 
Caithness- shire.     They  came  to  Canada  in 
1816,  and  settled  in  Kingston,  where  their 
son  Oliver  was  born,  on  July  22,  1820.  His 
education  was  as  good  as  the  schools  of  that 
city  afforded  at  that  date.     At  about  the 
age  of  seventeen  he  entered  the  law  office  of 
Mr.  (now  Sir)  John  A.  Macdonald,  who,  a 
young  man  but  five  years  his  senior,  had 
just  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  had  set- 
tled down  to  practise  his  profession.  At  the 
outset  of  his  student  life  young  Mowat  was 
called  on  to  serve  as  a  volunteer  in  the 
rebellion   of   1837.     It  may  well  be  sup- 
posed that  the  state  of  parties  and  affairs  in 
Canada   to  which  his   attention  was   thus 
early  and  practically  called  must  have  af- 
forded him  food  for  thought,  and  had  much 
effect  in  shaping  his   after   course.     It  is 
certainly  noteworthy,    as   indicating   both 
mental  independence  and  moral  earnestness 
of  no  common  order,  that,  born  as  he  was 
of  Conservative  parents,  surrounded  with 
Conservative  influences,  and  trained  in  the 
study  of  a  profession  which  is  more  closely 
related   to  politics  than  any  other,  in  the 
office  and  under  the  direct  influence  of  a 


man  whose   brilliant  talents  and  personal 
magnetism  have  long  been  and  still  are  the 
strongest  forces  on  the  side  of  Conservatism 
in  Canada,  Oliver  Mowat  should  have  chosen 
that  broad-minded,  moderate  Liberalism,  of 
whose  principles  he  has  ever  since  been  so 
able  an  exponent,  and  so  steadfast  a  pro- 
moter.    He  was  called  to  the  bar  in  1842, 
and    commenced  his    practice    in    Kings- 
ton, but  very  soon  afterwards  came  to  To- 
ronto, where   he   has    ever   since   resided. 
At  a  time  when  the  line  of  demarcation  be- 
tween common  law  and  equity  was  much 
more  clearly  drawn  than  at  present,  Mr. 
Mowat   chose  the  latter  branch.     He  rose 
quickly  to  eminence  at  the  Chancery  bar. 
In  1856  he  was  appointed  by  the  govern- 
ment of  which  Hon.  John  A.  Macdonald  was 
a  member,  as  commissioner  for  consolidat- 
ing the  Statutes  of  Canada  and  of  Upper 
Canada  respectively,  a  position  which  he 
held  until  1859.     In  1857  he  was  elected  to 
parliament  as  member  for  South  Oxford, 
and  continued  to  represent  that  constitu- 
ency until .  1864.     Upon  the  fall  of  the  Mac- 
donald-Cartier  government,  in  1867,  he  was 
selected,  though  he  had  been  but  one  year 
in  the  house,  to  fill  the  office  of  provincial 
secretary  in  the  Brown-Dorion  administra- 
tion.    He  held  the  portfolio  of  postmaster- 
general  in  the  Coalition  government  formed 
by   Hon.   John    Sandfield    Macdonald,  in 
1861,  a  position  which  he  retained  until  the 
defeat   of  that  government,  in   1864.    He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  memorable  Union 
Conference  which  met  at  Quebec  in  1864, 
and  framed  the  confederation  scheme  ;  but 
his  acceptance,  a  few  months  later,  of  the 
vice-chancellorship  of  Upper  Canada    de- 
prived the   framers   of   the   Confederation 
Act  of  his  services  in  the  subsequent  delib- 
erations.    When  the  Dual  Representation 
Act   compelled  the  retirement   of   Messrs. 
Blake  and  Mackenzie  from  the  leadership 
of  the  Ontario   legislature,  in  1872,  he  was 
called  on  by  the  lieutenant-governor,  acting 
no  doubt  on  the  advice  of  the  retiring  pre- 
mier, to  form  an  administration.     His  de- 
scent from  the  bench  and  re- entrance  into 
political  life  gave  occasion  for  a  good  deal 
of  discussion  at  the  time,  on  the  part  of 
those  who  thought,    or  affected  to  think, 
that  the  purity  of  the  judicial  ermine  must 
be    in    some    way   contaminated    by   the 
change.     The  answer,  if  any  is  needed,  to 
those  who  think  that  the  position  of   head 
of  the  Provincial  government  is  one  requir- 


560 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ing  either  mental  or  moral  qualifications  of 
a  lower  order  than  those  of  even  the  chan- 
cellor's bench,  is  to  be  found  in  the  record 
of  sixteen  years  of  able,  upright,  and  pro- 
gressive government  of  the  affairs  of  Onta- 
rio. Those  must  be  wilfully  purblind  who 
cannot  now  see  that  the  judicial  tempera- 
ment and  habit,  with  all  of  mental  training 
and  capacity,  and  of  moral  integrity  they 
imply,  furnish  the  very  best  of  qualifica- 
tions for  the  responsible  and  honorable 
position  of  virtual  ruler  of  a  great  province. 
Sound  discretion,  marked  ability,  and  ster- 
ling integrity  have  characterised  Hon.  Mr. 
Mowat's  career  in  each  division  of  his  pro- 
fessional and  official  life.  As  a  lawyer,  his 
talents  quickly  gained  recognition,  and,  re- 
inforced by  his  clear  judgment  and  scrupu- 
lous conscientiousness,  soon  won  for  him  a 
high  place  in  the  confidence  of  the  profes- 
sion and  of  the  court  in  which  he  practised. 
Though  not  fluent,  he  was  energetic,  forci- 
ble, and  convincing  as  a  pleader.  His 
patience  was  admirable,  his  industry  untir- 
ing, his  fertility  in  resources  great.  He  was 
said  to  be  endowed  in  large  measure  with 
the  power  of  "  thinking  out "  a  subject,  and 
was  believed  to  be  stronger  in  ability  to  go 
to  the  bottom  of  the  subject  than  any  of  his 
contemporaries.  As  a  judge,  he  exhibited 
qualities  of  both  head  and  heart  which,  while 
they  won  for  him  respect  and  admiration, 
gained  also  esteem  and  friendship  in  high 
degree.  His  great  business  and  executive 
ability  quickly  showed  itself  in  the  improved 
conduct  and  quicker  despatch  of  the  busi- 
ness of  the  court.  As  the  head  of  the  gov- 
ernment, his  record  has  long  been  before  the 
people  of  Ontario.  The  mere  enumeration 
of  the  reforms  that  have  been  effected,  and 
the  beneficial  acts  passed  during  his  regime, 
would  occupy  more  space  than  we  have  at 
our  disposal.  The  judicious  settlement  of 
the  vexed  question  of  the  municipal  loan 
fund  ;  the  liberal  and  salutary  provisions  of 
the  local  Bailway  Acts  ;  the  consolidation 
of  the  Provincial  Statutes  ;  the  local  option 
principle  reduced  to  practice  in  the  Liquor 
Acts  ;  the  General  Incorporation  Act,  by 
which  so  much  economy  of  time  has  been 
secured  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  ;  the 
well-considered  and  systematic  aid  to  pub- 
lic charities  ;  the  changes  by  which  the 
education  department  has  been  relieved  of 
irresponsible  and  bureaucratic  character, 
and  put  in  charge  of  a  responsible  minister ; 
the  progressive  legislation  in  connection 


with  higher  education  and  the  University 
of  Toronto  ;  the  introduction  of  the  ballot 
in  political  and  municipal  elections  ;  the 
liberalising  of  the  franchise  up  to  the  verge 
of  universal  suffrage  ;  all  these,  and  many 
other  legislative  reforms  wrought  under 
this  regime,  will  be  lasting  monuments  of 
his  statesmanship.  Mr.  Mowat's  legisla- 
tion, though  uniformly  Liberal  and  pro- 
grdssive,  has  never  been  sensational.  His 
opponents  have  sometimes  charged  him  with 
timidity.  That  wise  caution  that  refuses  to 
move  blindly  under  irresponsible  pressure, 
that  waits  to  look  on  all  sides  of  a  question, 
and  goes  forward  only  when  the  way  is 
made  clear,  is  certainly  his.  But  that  cow- 
ardly fear  of  censure  which  shrinks  and 
hesitates  on  the  brink  of  what  is  seen  to  be 
right  and  just,  for  fear  of  consequences, 
cannot  be  laid  to  his  charge.  No  really 
urgent  legislation  in  the  interests  of  Liber- 
alism and  progress  has  been  unduly  delayed 
through  his  fault.  The  manner  in  which  he 
has  met  and  vanquished,  not  only  in  the 
local  political  arena,  but  in  the  highest 
court  of  the  realm,  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald, 
with  all  the  power  and  prestige  of  his  own 
high  reputation  and  the  Dominion  premier- 
ship at  his  back,  sufficiently  attests  his 
courage  in  doing  what  he  deems  the  right. 
The  vindication  of  provincial  rights  in  the 
matters  of  the  Boundary,  the  Bivers  and 
Streams  Bills,  and  the  license  question,  are 
services  rendered  by  Oliver  Mowat  which 
will  long  be  remembered  by  a  grateful  pro- 
vince. As  leader  of  the  Ontario  govern- 
ment, in  the  house  and  out,  Mr.  Mowat's 
address  and  tactics  are  admirable.  Clear- 
headed and  logical  in  debate  ;  cautious  in 
committing  himself,  yet,  when  occasion  de- 
mands, prompt  in  decision  and  firm  in 
action  ;  uniformly  courteous  and  affable, 
yet  ready  and  keen  in  retort,  and  often 
turning  the  tables  on  an  opponent  most 
effectively ;  keeping  himself  thoroughly  in 
formed  on  all  important  questions  ;  exhibit- 
ing on  all  occasions  a  sound  judgment,  com- 
bined with  a  ready  wit,  he  inspires  his 
colleagues  and  followers  with  confidence, 
and  generally  holds  at  bay  or  discomfits 
his  most  eager  assailants.  In  some  of  these 
respects,  notably  in  the  extent  and  fulness 
of  his  knowledge  of  the  subjects  under  de- 
bate, and  in  the  soundness  and  acumen  of 
his  opinions  on  juridical  and  jurisdictional 
questions,  his  record  compares  most  favor- 
ably with  that  of  his  great  antagonist,  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


561 


veteran  leader  of  the  Dominion  government. 
To  say  that  he  may  have  sometimes  made 
mistakes  in  judgment  and  policy,  and  that 
he  has  not  uniformly  steered  clear  of  the 
dangerous  reefs  which  abound  in  the  streams 
of  patronage,  is  but  to  admit  that  h6  is  hu- 
man and  consequently  fallible.  Hon.  Mr. 
Mowat  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in 
social  and  religious  questions.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and 
was  for  many  years  president  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Alliance.  Like  most  men  who  have 
wrought  earnestly  and  conscientiously  for 
the  public  good  in  any  sphere,  his^  philan- 
thropy and  integrity  are,  no  doubt,  deep- 
based  upon  the  firm  foundation  of  religious 
principle.  It  has  been  sneeringly  insinu- 
ated that  he  has  claimed  for  himself  the  high 
honor  of  being  a  "  Christian  politician;"  but 
it  is  unnecessary  to  say  that  the  charge  is 
without  foundation.  It  seems  to  have  ori- 
ginated in  a  perversion  of  a  hypothetical 
allusion  in  one  of  his  speeches  to  what  might 
be  considered  the  duty  of  a  Christian  poli- 
tician, in  some  specified  case.  To  arrogate 
to  himself  the  distinctive  title  was  farthest 
from  his  thought,  and  a  boast  would  be  as 
repugnant  to  his  good  sense  and  taste  as  to 
the  modesty  for  which  he  is  distinguished. 
That  he  is  a  faithful  and  devout  member  of 
an  influential  Christian  church  is  a  crime 
which  will  be  readily  forgiven  him  in  view 
of  the  great  services  he  has  rendered  to 
society  and  the  state. 

I>c§aulniers,  I>eni§  Benjamin 
William,  Nicolet,  Governor  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec,  was  born  on  the  5th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1839,  at  St.  Anthony  de  la  Riviere  du 
Loup,  near  Maskinonge.  His  father,  An- 
toine  Lesieur  Desaulniers,  was  an  agricul- 
turist of  Riviere  du  Loup.  His  mother  was 
Maria  Emelie  Beland.  The  Lesieur-Desf.ul- 
niers  were  a  numerous  family,  and  inhabit- 
ed a  large  portion  of  the  parishes  of  Yama 
chiche  and  Riviere  du  Loup.  Our  present 
subject  was  brought  up  with  his  fariily  un- 
til the  age  of  thirteen,  and  in  the  month  of 
September,  1853,  he  entered  the  seminary 
of  Nicolet,  where  he  made  his  classical 
course  with  great  success.  In  the  month  of 
May,  1860,  he  obtained  from  the  Board  of 
Physicians  his  license  for  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, and  studied  two  years  under  the  pat- 
ronage of  Dr.  Alexis  Milette.  In  1862,  in 
the  month  of  September,  he  entered  the  La- 
val University  at  Quebec  to  complete  his 
II* 


course,  and  was  the  most  solid  and  sub- 
tantial  of  all  the  students  of  his  time.  Dur- 
ing his  last  two  years  he  carried  off  the  first 
"  Morin,"  this  prize  having  been  only  twice 
offered  to  the  pupils  whilst  pursuing  his 
course.  On  the  10th  October,  1865,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  practice  of  medicine,  after 
a  severe  examination  before  the  Provincial 
Board  of  Physicians,  and  the  same  year  he 
established  himself  in  the  parish  of  Riviere 
du  Loup,  now  Louiseville.  A  year  after,  in 
October,  1866,  being  equally  successful  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  as  well  as 
literary  pursuits,  he  was  called  to  Nicolet  to 
take  charge  of  the  seminary  there,  the  pu- 
pils and  all  connected  with  this  important 
institution,  a  post  which  he  still  fills.  Later, 
upon  the  establishment  of  the  convent 
of  the  Soeurs  de  I'Assomption  at  Nicolet, 
he  was  made  physician  to  the  institution. 
In  1886,  when  L'Hotel  Dieu  of  Nicolet 
was  inaugurated  by  the  Scaurs  Graes  of 
St.  Hyacinthe,  he  was  again  selected  as  first 
acting  physician  to  the  house.  Dr.  Desaul- 
niers has  been  very  fortunate  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  but  his  great  speci- 
alty has  been  midwifery.  He  has  closely 
followed  the  progress  of  medicine  in  its 
many  branches,  and  therefore  is  one  of  the 
foremost  physicians  of  the  day.  His  un- 
precedented success  in  the  past  promises  a 
brilliant  future.  On  the  31st  of  August, 
in  the  year!881,  he  was  appointed  coroner, 
in  conjunction  with  Dr.  S.  Ed.  Badeau,  for 
the  district  of  Three  Rivers,  and  occupied 
this  office  for  two  years,  when  he  was  oblig- 
ed to  resign  to  fulfil  the  requirements  of  his 
profession.  Seven  years  after  Dr.  Desaul- 
niers arrival  at  Nicolet,  the  village  was 
raised  to  a  town,  and  it  then  became  neces- 
sary to  form  a  to^n  council,  of  which  he 
was  chosen  and  elected  by  a  large  majority 
first  mayor  of  Nicolet.  Of  course  he  had 
everything  to  do,  and  the  greater  part  of 
the  rules  and  regulations  now  in  force  were 
passed  during  his  administration.  At  the 
completion  of  his  term  of  office  he  retired, 
and  gave  himself  up  entirely  to  the  practice 
of  hiu  profession,  which  had  become  very 
extensive.  In  1877,  he  was  elected  gov- 
ernor of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons of  the  province  of  Quebec  for  the 
district  of  Three  Rivers,  and  has  held  that 
position  since  that  date.  He  was  born  in 
the  Roman  Catholic  religion,  and  has  ever 
remained  faithful  to  his  church  principles. 
Dr.  Desaulniers  married  on  the  12th  Janu- 


562 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ary,  1869,  Marie  Rose  de  Lima  Proulx, 
second  daughter  of  Hubert  Proulx,  of  Nico- 
let,  and  in  May,  1879,  his  wife  died,  leaving 
three  infant  daughters.  He  was  married 
the  second  time,  on  July  13th,  1880,  to 
Marie  Celanire  Gagnon,  widow  of  late  Louis 
Xudger  Richard,  and  daughter  of  Antoine 
Gagnon,  agent  for  the  Crown  lands  at  Ar- 
thabaskaville.  In  May,  1884,  he  again 
had  the  misfortune  of  losing  his  wife,  who 
left  an  infant  daughter. 

King,  .Fames,  Quebec.  Few  men  en- 
gaged in  the  staple  trade  of  the  port  of  Que- 
bec hold  a  more  conspicuous  position  or 
enjoy  a  larger  share  of  public  confidence 
and  respect  than  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
not  only  for  his  business  enterprise  and 
success,  but  for  his  integrity  in  all  the  re- 
lations of  life.  Mr.  King  is  the  Quebec 
member  of  the  great  lumbering  and  lum- 
ber exporting  firm  of  King  Brothers  and 
King  Brothers  &  Co.,  which  are  among  the 
largest  operators  in  the  province,  their  es- 
tablishments being  scattered  all  over,  from 
the  Eastern  townships  to  Gaspe.  In  fact, 
few  commercial  houses  have  been  or  are 
more  powerful  contributors  to  Lower  Cana- 
dian development.  Their  chantiers  and 
saw  mills  at  St.  Jean  Deschaillons,  Lyster, 
Levis,  River  Ouelle,  Cedar  Hall,  Grand 
Pabos,  and  Robertson  Station,  give  em- 
ployment and  support  to  considerable  com- 
munities, the  products  of  whose  industry, 
chiefly  in  the  shape  of  pine  and  spruce  deals, 
are  annually  exported  to  the  United  King- 
dom and  the  continent  of  Europe.  The 
firms,  of  which  Mr.  King  is  a  leading  mem- 
ber, are  also  largely  interested  in  the  im- 
portant asbestos  industry  of  the  province  of 
Quebec,  being  the  proprietors  of  extensive 
areas  of  asbestos-bearing  lands  in  the  east- 
ern townships,  and  notably  of  the  "  Hamp- 
den "  and  "  Thetford  Royal "  mines  in 
Thetford,  Megantic  county ;  and  Mr.  King 
himself  is  a  director  and  manager  of  the 
Asbestos  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany of  Canada.  He  is  further  largely  in- 
terested in  rural  real  estate,  being  the  seign- 
eur of  the  seigniories  of  St.  Jean  De'schail- 
lons  and  Lake  Matapedia.  He  is  the  young- 
est son  of  the  late  Charles  King,  of  Lyster, 
Megantic,  and  was  born  at  St.  Antoine  de 
Tilly,  in  Lotbiniere  county,  P.Q.,  on  the 
18th  February,  1848.  Educated  at  Len- 
noxville,  he  took  his  degrees  of  B.A.  in 
1867,  and  of  M.A.  in  1873,  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Bishop's  College,  and  during  his  uni- 


versity course  was  a  member  of  the  college 
volunteer  corps.  In  religion  he  belongs  to 
the  Church  of  England,  and  has  been  a  lay 
delegate  to  the  Synod  of  the  diocese  of 
Quebec.  In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal-Con- 
servative, and  has  frequently  been  pressed 
to  offer  himself  for  Parliamentary  honors, 
but  has  hitherto  refused  to  accept  nomina- 
tion at  the  hands  of  his  party,  feeling  that 
his  business  engagements  absorbed  too 
much  of  his  time  and  attention.  Neverthe- 
less he  has  always  taken  a  strong  interest 
in  educational  matters.  His  travels  have 
extended  to  the  United  Kingdom  and  the 
continent  of  Europe.  He  is  unmarried,  and 
a  member  of  the  Garrison  Club,  Quebec. 

l>avi<l*oii,  Hon.  Ju§tice  €harle§ 
Peer§,  Montreal,  was  born  at  Huntingdon, 
province  of  Quebec,  where  his  family  had 
long  been  prominent  in  the  development  of 
the  county,  and  defence  of  the  frontier.  His 
grandfather,  Colonel  Davidson,  came  from 
Scotland,  and  was  in  command  of  the  Hunt- 
ingdon volunteers,  in  which  his  father  held 
a  captaincy,  and  which  formed  part  of  the 
brigade  under  the  command  of  the  late 
Major-General  Campbell.  Colonel  David 
son,  at  the  commencement  of  the  troubles 
of  1837  and  the  following  year,  was  sent  for 
by  the  commander-m-chief  of  the  British 
forces  in  Canada,  Sir  John  Colborne,  who 
requested  him  to  raise  a  regiment.  He  ac- 
cepted, and  soon  after  his  return  to  Hunt- 
ingdon, succeeded  in  enrolling  about  six 
hundred  stalwart  men  from  among  the  far- 
mers, most  of  whom  were  immigrants  from 
the  old  country.  The  regiment,  which  was 
called  "  The  Huntingdon  Frontier  Volun- 
teers," numbered  in  its  ranks  many  men 
who  afterwards  became  prominent  in  politi- 
cal and  social  life.  One  company  was  sta- 
tioned at  Russelltown,  a  second  at  Covey 
Hill,  and  the  third  as  far  as  Hemmingford. 
Colonel  Davidson,  for  the  first  year,  was  in 
command,  not  only  of  the  regiment,  but  of 
the  whole  district  ;  in  the  second  year, 
Colonel  Campbell,  subsequently  major-gen- 
eral, assumed  command  of  the  district,  and 
the  volunteers  were  enrolled  in  the  brigade 
which  was  afterwards  under  the  gallant  Sir 
George  Cathcart,  then  only  colonel,  who  fell 
at  the  battle  of  Inkerman  at  the  head  of  the 
1st  Dragoon  Guards,  which  he  commanded. 
One  company  of  this  regiment  was  com- 
manded by  Captain  Reid,  a  veteran  of 
Waterloo.  In  this  company  also  was  Sir 
John  Rose,  the  eminent  statesman  and  finan- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


563 


cier,  now  of  London,  England.     The  Hunt- 
ington   volunteers   did    good   service,   but 
were  only  in  one  action,  that  of  St.  Regis. 
From   the   foregoing  it  will  be  seen  that 
Justice    Davidson    comes    of    a    military 
family,  his  mother,  Marion  Peers,  being  the 
daughter  of  the  late  Lieutenant  Peers,  of 
Her  Majesty's  Dragoon  Guards.     He  went 
to  the  Huntington  Academy,  subsequently 
attended  at  Victoria  College,  Cobourg,  and 
thence  passed  to  McGill  University,  from 
which  he  received  the  degree  of  B.A.   and 
M.A.  in  arts,  andB.C.L.  and  D.C.L.  in  law. 
and  was  for  a  number  of  years  one  of  its 
fellows.      Even  while  a  student  he  studied 
the  public  questions  of  the  day,  being  a 
welcome  contributor  to  the  press,  and  for  a 
time  was  assistant  editor  on  the  Daily  News. 
Had  he  followed  the  profession  of  journal- 
ism, he  would  have  achieved  marked  suc- 
cess.     The  press  proved  a  good  training 
school,  and  those   who  listened  to  Justice 
Davidson's  eloquent  speeches  gave  him  a 
high   place  among  public  speakers.       He 
studied  with  the  present  Justice  Cross,  and 
subsequently  entered  that  gentleman's  law 
firm  as  junior  partner.     Several  years  ago 
he  was  created  Queen's  counsel  by  the  Pro- 
vincial government,  but  the  Supreme  Court 
holding  that  the   provinces  were   without 
authority  to  confer  this  title,  he  subsequent- 
ly received  a  new  patent  from  the  Dominion 
authorities.     He  has  been  a  life-long  sup- 
porter of  athletic  exercises,  having  been  for 
some  time  president  of  the  Beaver  Lacrosse 
Ciub,  of  the  Montreal  Snow- Shoe  Club,  and 
of  the  Victoria  Skating  Club.      During  the 
Trent  affair  in  1862,  which  threatened   to 
involve  Great  Britain  in  hostilities  with  the 
United   States,   he   was  one  of  the  first  to 
enrol  himself  in   the   ranks  of  the  newly 
formed  Victoria  Rifles,  and  rose  by  succes- 
sive promotions   until   he   became  its  com- 
manding officer.     His  bonhommie  and  dash 
render  him  very  popular  in  his  regiment, 
while  his   pre-eminence  in  athletic  sports 
and  engaging  social  qualities,  make  him  as 
popular  in  society  as  his  legal  attainments, 
quick  perceptive  faculties,  convincing  ora- 
tory, devoid  of   florid  ornamentation,  did 
among  the   shrewd  practical  plutocrats  of 
Montreal.     In  politics  Mr.  Davidson  was  a 
Conservative,  having  been  president  of  the 
Junior  Conservative  Club  for  several  years. 
In  1881  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  Quebec 
parliament  for  Montreal  Centre,  but  was  de- 
feated by  George  Washington  Stephens,  a 


powerful  opponent,  by  ninety-eight  votes. 
He  married  Alice,  daughter  of  the  late  Wm. 
Mattice,  of  Cornwall,  who  for  a  number  of 
years  represented  Stormont  in  the  parlia- 
ment of  the  united  Canadas.  Mr.  Justice 
Davidson  was  called  to  the  bench  of  the 
Superior  Court  in  June,  1887,  upon  the 
death  of  the  late  Justice  Torrance. 

Cour§ol,  Captain  Cli  *r I cs  Joseph 
Que§iiel,  St.  John's,  Quebec,  was  born 
17th  August,  1856,  at  Montreal.  His  pa- 
rents are  Charles  J.  Coursol,  Q.C.,  M.P., 
and  Helen  Tache.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  educated  at  the  Jesuits'  College,  Mon- 
treal, taking  a  full  classical  course.  He  re- 
ceived a  commission  as  lieutenant  in  the 
Victoria  Rifles  of  Canada  in  October,  1877; 
was  transferred  to  the  65th  Batt.  in  Novem- 
ber, 1880,  and  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in 
April,  1881.  He  served  for  eighteen  months 
with  A  Battery,  R.C.A.,  and  also  several 
months  with  H.M.  19th  or  Princess  of  Wales' 
Own  Regiment,  then  stationed  at  Halifax. 
On  the  21st  December,  1883,  he  received  a 
commission  in  the  Infantry  School  Corps, 
now  stationed  at  St.  John's,  Quebec.  In 
religion  he  is  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  was 
married  on  the  18th  October,  1882,  to  E.  F. 
Pearce  Serecold,  daughter  of  the  late  Cap- 
tain Pearce  Serecold,  of  H.M.  66th  regi- 
ment, and  Miss  Duval,  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
Justice  Duval.  Captain  Coursol  is  also  a 
grand  nephew  of  the  late  Hon.  F.  A.  Ques- 
nel  of  the  Legislative  Council. 

Pirn,  Kit  hard,  Toronto.  This  gentle- 
man, who  was  a  resident  of  Toronto  for  over 
fifty  years,  died  on  the  morning  of  the  14th 
February,  1888,  in  the  seventy -eighth  year 
of  his  age.  He  was  a  native  of  Hereford- 
shire, England,  and  spent  part  of  his  early 
life  in  Russia,  whither  his  father  had  gone  to 
erect  paper  mills  of  the  then  most  improved 
description  for  the  Russian  government. 
Upon  the  death  of  his  father,  at  Helsingfors, 
near  St.  Petersburg,  he  returned  to  England, 
and  married  Mary  Hargrave,  grandaughter 
of  William  Lane,  a  poet  of  considerable 
local  distinction  in  Buckinghamshire.  He 
emigrated  to  Canada  in  1834,  and  during 
the  stirring  political  events  of  1837,  served 
in  the  militia  called  out  to  repress  the  rebel- 
lion of  that  year,  and  was  on  guard  below 
the  Falls  of  Niagara  when  the  American 
steamer  Caroline  was  cut  loose  by  a  British 
attacking  party,  and  sent  burning  over  the 
Falls.  Mr.  Pirn  led  a  quiet  life,  and  was 
well-known  in  Toronto. 


564 


A  CYCLOPEDIA 


Irvine,  Hon.  George,  Q.C.,  D.C.L., 
one  of  the  best  known  and  most  eminent 
members  of  the  Quebec  bar,  is  the  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Lieut. -Colonel  Irvine,  prin- 
cipal A.  D.C.  to  the  Governor- General  of 
Canada,  and  grandson  of  the  Hon.  James 
Irvine,  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive and  Legislative  Councils  of  Lower 
Canada,  and  of  the  Hon.  Mai-thew  Bell,  of 
Three  Rivers,  P.Q.,  at  onetime  member  for 
St.  Maurice  in  the  Legislature  of  Lower 
Canada,  and  afterwards  a  member  of  the 
Legislative  Council  of  that  province.  He 
was  born  at  Quebec  on  the  16th  November, 
1826,  aud  was  educated  at  Dr.  Lundy's 
school  in  that  city.  Having  chosen  the  law 
as  his  profession,  he  was  called  to  the  bar 
in  1848,  after  the  uanal  course  of  study,  and 
rapidly  rose  to  distinction,  his  services  being 
retained  in  nearly  every  important  case,  es- 
pecially of  a  commercial  nature.  In  part- 
nership with  the  late  C.  G.  Holt,  Q.C., 
afterwards  judge  of  the  sessions  of  the  peace 
for  the  Quebec  district,  and  subsequently 
with  E.  H.  Pemberton,  he  practised  his 
profession  with  steady  success  and  honor, 
and  in  1867  was  created  a  Q.C.  in  recog- 
nition of  his  leading  position  at  the  Quebec 
bar.  Some  years  previously  to  this,  in  1863, 
the  electors  of  Megantic  county,  P.Q.,  had 
marked  their  appreciation  of  his  abilities 
and  exalted  character,  by  returning  him  at 
the  general  election  of  that  year  to  repre- 
sent them  in  the  Canadian  House  of  As- 
sembly, in  which  he  continued  to  sit  until 
confederation,  when  he  was  returned  for 
Megantic  to  the  Commons,  and  represented 
that  county  at  Ottawa  until  the  abolition  of 
dual  representation  and  the  general  election 
of  1872,  when  he  declined  re-election.  He 
also  represented  the  county  in  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly  of  the  province  of  Quebec 
from  confederation  until  January,  1876, 
and  during  this  period  successively  held  the 
important  Cabinet  offices  of  solicitor-general 
and  attorney-general  of  that  province  in  the 
Chauveau  and  Ouimet  administrations,  be- 
ing regarded  as  the  leader  of  the  English 
element  in  those  governments,  and  the 
special  champion  of  the  English-speaking 
and  Protestant  minority  in  Lower  Canada. 
In  January,  1876,  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
Legislature,  on  being  appointed  one  of  the 
railway  commissioners  for  the  province, 
which  office  he  also  resigned  in  1878,  in 
order  to  present  himself  for  re-election  as  a 
supporter  of  Mr.  Joly's  administration,  in 
which  he  was  offered,  but  declined,  a  seat. 
At  the  general  election  of  that  year,  he  was 
again  returned  to  represent  Megantic  in  the 


Legislative  Assembly,  and  once  more  at  the 
general  election  of  1880,  when  he  went 
with  his  leader,  Mr.  Joly,  into  opposition  to 
the  Chapleau  and  Muusseau  governments, 
until  June,  1884,  when  he  resigned  his  seat 
on  accepting  the  appointment  of  jud^e  of 
the  Vice- Admiralty  Court  at  Quebec. 
Throughout  his  public  career,  Mr.  Irvine 
was  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  men  in  the 
house  and  before  the  country,  and  the  or- 
ganization and  legislatiun  of  the  province  of 
Quebec,  under  confederatinn,  still  bear  the 
impress  of  his  powerful  mind.  A  gentleman- 
of  wonderful  tact  and  suavity  of  manner,  a 
skilful  parliamentarian,  and  a  man  of  rare 
executive  ability,  he  wielded  an  immense 
influence  in  the  councils  of  that  province,, 
and  on  public  opinion.  As  a  speaker  and 
debater,  he  was  not  only  remarkable  for 
his  ready  eloquence,  but  above  all  for  hi» 
clearness,  precision  and  logical  force.  He 
was  a  host  in  himself,  and  the  side  which 
received  his  support  seldom  failed  to  score 
a  victory.  As  the  representative  of  the  Eng- 
lish-speaking minority,  he  retained  the  pub- 
lic confidence  to  the  last,  as  much  by  the 
independence  and  personal  purity  of  hi» 
character  as  by  his  commanding  talents. 
A  Conservative  by  tradition  and  instinct,  he 
nevertheless  did  not  hesitate  to  separate 
himself  from  the  party  in  provincial  poli- 
tics when  the  acts  of  some  of  his  col- 
leagues in  the  "  Tanneries  Land  Swap  "' 
and  other  matters  brought  disgrace  upon  its 
escutcheon,  and  his  conduct  was  not  only 
ratified  by  his  own  immediate  constituents 
of  Megantic,  but  warmly  approved  by  his 
fellow-countrymen  generally.  During  the 
Joly  administration  he  was  the  "  power 
behind  the  throne,"  and  afterwards,  until 
his  resignation  of  his  seat  in  the  house  for 
good,  the  most  conspicuous  figure  in  the 
Provincial  Opposition,  next  to  the  leader 
himself.  Although  actually  the  judge  of 
the  Vice- Admiralty  Court  at  Quebec,  an  Im- 
perial appointment,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  still  practises  his  profession  in  the 
other  courts,  and  is  generally  found  engaged 
in  all  the  more  important  cases,  both  civil 
and  criminal.  He  was  formerly  professor  of 
commercial  law  in  Morrin  College,  Quebec, 
and  was  also  chancellor  of  the  University  of 
Lennoxville,  P.Q.,  from  which  he  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.C.L.,  in  1875. 
He  has  also  been  batonnier  of  the  Quebec  bar 
and  a  vice-president  of  the  Union  Bank  of 
Canada,  at  Quebec,  which  he  helped  to  found. 
In  religion  he  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England,  and  has  always  taken  a  keen  and 
active  interest  in  its  affairs.  He  has  travel- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


565 


led  a  good  deal  on  public  and  professional 
business,  and  has  repeatedly  crossed  to  Eng- 
land to  plead  before  the  Privy  Council  in 
appeals  of  great  importance.  Has  two  bro- 
thers living,  the  elder,  Commissary- General 
Matthew  Bell  Irvine,  C.B.,  C.M.G.,  and  the 
younger,  Lieut. -Col.  Acheson  Gosford  Ir- 
vine, a  member  of  the  Council  of  the  North- 
West  Territories,  and  late  Commissioner 
North-West  Mounted  Police.  He  married, 
in  August,  1856,  the  third  daughter  of  the 
late  Henry  Le  Mesurier,  a  well-known  mer- 
chant of  Quebec,  and  formerly  an  officer  in 
H.M.  48th  regiment,  and  by  her  has  had 
issue  ten  children. 

t  adman,  .fames,  Civil  and  Mining 
Engineer,  Quebec,  is  a  good  type  of  the  men 
to  whose  professional  skill  and  energy  the 
eastern  section  of  the  Dominion  is  indebted 
for  so  much  of  its  development  by  railways 
within  the  last  twenty  years.  An  English- 
man, by  birth,  he  has  all  the  Englishman's 
well  known  doggedness  of  character,  and  all 
the  trained  engineer's  abiding  faith  in  the 
invincibility  of  science  and  the  power  of 
mind  over  matter.  The  word  "impossible" 
has  long  since  been  erased  from  his  lexicon, 
as  illustrated  especially  by  the  great  under- 
taking with  which  his  name  has  been  more 
prominently  connected  of  late,  the  construc- 
tion of  the  railway  from  Quebec  to  Lake  St. 
John  through  a  region  of  unparalleled  diffi- 
culty from  the  engineering  point  of  view. 
Mr.  Cadman  was  born  in  Dudley,  Worces- 
tershire, England,  on  the  31st  January,  1832, 
his  father's  name  being  also  James  Cadman, 
and  his  mother's  originally,  Sarah  Forrest 
Brown.  He  received  a  good  plain  English 
education  at  the  Blue  Coat  School,  Dudley, 
and  studied  civil  and  mining  engineering 
under  S.  H.  Blackwell,  of  Russell's  Hall 
Colliery,  Dudley,  of  which  he  was  afterwards 
appointed  resident  engineer.  He  subse- 
quently distinguished  himself  in  the  same 
capacity  in  a  number  of  the  other  great  Eng- 
lish  collieries  and  iron  works  until  1862, 
when  he  came  to  New  Brunswick  as  mining 
engineer  for  the  New  Brunswick  Charcoal 
and  Pig  Iron  Company.  In  1867,  he  became 
connected  as  resident  engineer  with  the 
European  and  North  American  Railway, 
and  in  1868  was  appointed  assistant  en- 
gineer of  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  in  the 
location  and  construction  of  which  he  took 
an  active  part  until  1875,  when  he  was  re- 
tained for  the  survey  of  the  Newfoundland 
Railway.  On  his  return  from  Newfound- 
land, he  was  named  locating  engineer  of 
the  North  Shore  Railway,  in  which  position 
he  continued  to  act  until  1879,  when  he  was 


raised  to  the  still  more  prominent  and  re- 
sponsible post  of  chief  engineer  of  the  Que- 
bec and  Lake  St.  John  Railway,  which  he 
still  holds  with  great  advantage  to  the  suc- 
cess of  that  arduous  and  important  enter- 
prise. Mr.  Cadman  is  a  member  of  the 
Church  of  England,  and  a  Freemason.  He 
has  never  taken  any  part  in  politics  in  Eng- 
land or  Canada,  not  even  to  vote.  In  his 
early  manhood,  he  was  for  three  years  a 
member  of  the  South  Staffordshire  Rifle 
Volunteers.  In  1860,  he  married  Margaret 
Doughty,  a  niece  of  the  celebrated  mining 
engineer,  John  Yardley,  of  East  Worcester- 
shire, by  whom  he  has  had  a  family  of  five 
children,  three  of  whom  are  still  living. 

Kelly,  Francis,  J.  P.,  Joliette,  Que- 
bec province,  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  having 
been  born  in  Carlow,  Leinster,  on  the  17th 
of  March,  1819.  His  parents  were  James 
Kelly  and  Margaret  Crosby,  both  natives  of 
the  same  place.  When  he  came  to  Canada 
he  took  up  his  residence  in  Montreal,  where 
he  received  a  commercial  education.  In 
1845  he  removed  to  New  York,  where  he 
remained  till  1850,  and  then  went  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  for  some  time  worked  in  the 
gold  mines.  He  spent  four  years  travel- 
ling through  the  far  west,  and  also  visited 
Mexico  and  Cuba.  Becoming  surfeited  with 
travel,  he  returned  to  Canada,  and  settled 
in  Joliette.  Here  he  began  the  lumbering 
business,  in  which  he  succeeded,  and  is  now 
spending  the  remainder  of  his  days  in  peace 
and  comfort.  In  religion  Mr.  Kelly  is  a 
member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church  ;  and 
in  politics  a  Liberal.  He  was  married  on 
the  10th  January,  1854,  to  Mary  Collins. 

Howe,  Henry  A§pfnwall,  T.C.D., 
M.A.,  LL.D.,  Rector  of  the  High  School, 
Montreal,  province  of  Quebec,  was  born  near 
Guildford,  Surrey,  England,  8th  July,  1815. 
He  is  the  elder  and  only  surviving  one  of 
two  sons  of  the  late  Captain  Aspinwall 
Howe,  formerly  of  the  war  office,  Somer- 
set House,  latterly  of  her  Majesty's  88th 
regiment  (Connaught  Rangers),  and  Mary, 
eldest  and  very  beautiful  daughter  of  Charles 
Wickens,  of  Turnbridge,  Surrey,  England. 
The  Howes  are  a  branch  of  the  Aspin- 
walls,  an  old  county  family  in  Lancashire. 
The  subject  of  the  sketch  was  educated  at 
Elizabeth  College,  Guernsey,  and  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  passing  through  both  with 
high  credit.  He  resided  afterwards  for  some 
years  in  France,  where  he  acquired  a  com- 
plete knowledge  of  the  French  language. 
Soon  after  leaving  college  he  became  private 
tutor  to  the  youngest  son  of  the  Earl  of  Elles- 
mere,  in  whose  family  he  became  domesti- 


566 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


cated,  and  was  indebted  both  to  the  Earl 
and  his  amiable  Countess  for  their  kind  con- 
sideration and  firm  friendship.  Mr.  Aspin- 
wall  Howe  was  not  desirous  of  making 
teaching  his  profession,  but  Lord  Ellesmere 
considering  that  he  was  peculiarly  fitted  for 
it,  persuaded  him  to  accept  the  head  mas- 
tership of  the  Montreal  High  School,  which 
Lord  Colbourne  and  Professor  Pillans,  of 
Edinburgh  University,  offered  him.  Thus, 
in  1848,  he  came  to  Montreal  as  rector  of  its 
High  School,  which  office  he  has  held  with 
eminent  success  since  that  date,  very  many 
of  his  pupils  having  attained  high  and  hon- 
orable positions  in  the  Dominion,  in  the 
Mother  Country  and  elsewhere.  On  first 
entering,  however,  upon  his  school  duties, 
he  had  great  cause  for  disappointment.  The 
Board  of  High  School  Directors  received 
him  with  marked  kindness,  but  the  school 
was  undisciplined,  and,  still  worse,  in  a 
bankrupt  state.  A  regular  income  with 
residence  had  been  promised — the  former 
could  not  be  realized  from  the  funds  of 
the  school,  the  latter  was  a  **  mistake  " — 
and  many  years  elapsed  before  the  school 
was  prosperous  enough  to  pay  its  rector  a 
tolerably  fair  income.  This  proved  a  seri- 
ous loss  and  trial,  and  obliged  the  rector 
to  draw  assistance  from  his  resources  at 
home.  In  the  reconstruction  of  McGill 
College,  some  twenty-eight  years  ago,  Dr. 
Aspinwall  Howe,  while  retaining  his  po- 
sition in  the  High  School,  occupied  also  the 
chair  of  mathematics  and  of  natural  phil- 
osophy in  McGill  College,  without  remunera- 
tion, retiring  from  these  with  the  title  of 
emeritus  professor  of  three  branches,  when 
the  university  was  sufficiently  re-established 
to  pay  independent  professors.  He  is  also 
a  fellow  of  the  University,  and  has  long 
been  matriculation  examiner  to  the  medical 
faculty  of  McGill  College.  He  has  likewise 
for  some  years  been  president  of  the  Board 
of  Examiners  for  the  preliminary  examina- 
tion of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons of  the  Province  of  Quebec.  Dr.  Aspin- 
wall Howe  is  a  prominent  member  and  lib- 
eral supporter  of  St.  John  the  Evange- 
list Church  of  England,  in  Montreal.  His 
moral  influence  over  the  many  young  peo- 
ple who  come  in  contact  with  him  in  school 
and  elsewhere  is  excellent.  Dr.  Aspinwall 
Howe  is  an  exception  to  most  highly  edu- 
cated scholars  in  that  his  attainments  are 
varied  ;  he  excels  in  classics  as  well  as  in 
mathematics,  and  has  a  taste  for  the  arts 
and  for  games  of  skill.  He  attained  a 
high  degree  of  perfection  in  drawing  ;  is  an 
accomplished  amateur  musician,  and  is  well 


known  as  a  strong  player  of  the  royal  game 
of  chess.  In  1847  he  married  Louisa, 
daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  C.  Fanshawe, 
formerly  of  Franklin  Hall,  near  Exeter,  of 
Coelhaey's  Park,  Devon,  etc. ,  and  of  Fanny 
Delia,  daughter  of  Chancellor  Carrington, 
of  Evington,  in  Devonshire,  by  whom  he 
had  issue  as  follows  : — Louisa  Blanche  Fan- 
ny, married  to  Hon.  Henry,  second  son  of 
Right  Hon.  Lord  Aylmer  ;  Amelia  Egerton  ; 
Catharine  Maria  Fanshawe  Coke,  deceased  ; 
Henry  South  Le'idebach  ;  Arthur  Fanshawe 
Vernon,  deceased  ;  Fanshawe  Gardiner,  de- 
ceased ;  and  others.  Mrs.  Aspinwall  Howe 
is  also  Countess  Niirenallen  de  Leidobach, 
an  honorable  recognition  given  to  her  branch 
of  the  family  for  valuable  service,  rendered 
during  the  continental  troubles  of  1814-15. 

Gue§t,  Sheriff  Oeo.  Hutchin§on, 
Yarmouth,  N.S.,  was  born  on  14th  July, 
1849,  at  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  and  is  the 
son  of  Robert  and  Mary  (Utley)  Guest. 
His  grandfather,  John  Guest,  was  born  in 
Waterford,  Ireland,  and  settled  in  St.  Johns, 
Newfoundland,  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  He  was  for  some  years 
a  leading  merchant  in  St.  Johns.  He  mar- 
ried Dorothy  Eustace,  of  Tor  Bay.  Robert 
Guest,  the  father  of  the  sheriff,  arrived  in 
Yarmouth,  in  the  year  1827,  and  became 
identified  with  the  business  of  shipping,  then, 
as  now,  the  leading  industry  of  the  place. 
Robert  Guest  died  February,  1867.  His 
wife,  Mary  Utley,  was  a  daughter  of  Nathan 
Utley,  and  grand-daughter  of  the  Nathan 
Utley  who  represented  Yarmouth  county  in 
the  Provincial  legislature  from  1800  to  1806. 
Mrs.  Guest  died  in  September,  1887.  Sheriff 
Guest  was  educated  at  the  Yarmouth  Acad- 
emy. He  engaged  in  the  shipping  business, 
and  is  a  shipowner.  He  was  a  director  of 
the  Yarmouth  Marine  Insurance  Association 
until  it  ceased  to  do  business.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Liberal,  and  when  T.  B.  Flint  re- 
signed the  office  of  high  sheriff  of  the  county, 
in  January,  1887,  Mr.  Guest  received  the 
appointment  from  the  local  government.  He 
is  connected  with  the  Methodist  church, 
holding  the  position  of  a  trustee  of  Provi- 
dence Church.  On  the  llth  of  November, 
1874,  he  married  M.  E.  Lovitt,  youngest 
daughter  of  the  late  John  Lovitt,  who  was  a 
grandson  of  Andrew  Lovitt,  who  settled  in 
Yarmouth  in  1766.  The  Lovitts  have  al- 
ways been  identified  with  the  best  interests 
of  Yarmouth.  They  have  been  prominently 
connected  with  the  shipbuilding  and  other 
industries,  and  the  county  is  at  present  re- 
presented in  the  Dominion  House  of  Com- 
mons by  one  of  the  family. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


567 


Moore,  Al  van  Head,  Magog,  Quebec, 
was  born  in  Hatley,  county  of  Stanstead, 
province  of  Quebec,  April  20th,  3836.  His 
father,  Thomas  Moore,  was  born  in  Concord, 
N.  H.,  United  States,  Dec.  5th,  1787.  His 
mother,  Margaret  Moore,  whose  maiden 
name  was  Margaret  Dickey,  was  born  near 
Concord,  N.H.,  July  24th,  1795.  They 
were  married  Dec.  6ch,  1812,  and  came  to 
Canada  in  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century.  They  were  amongst  the  early  pi- 
oneers who  settled  Stanstead  county.  His 
father  was  on  duty  during  the  war  of  1812-14 
and  the  rebellion  of  1837-8.  He  held  a 
commission  dated  August,  1811,  as  lieuten- 
ant in  the  Eastern  Townships  Rjyal  Volun- 
teers and  ensign  in  the  militia  of  1837-8. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  liberally 
educated  in  Canadian  academies  and  United 
States  collegiate  institutes,  and  at  the  pre- 
sent time  is  mayor  of  Magog,  postmaster, 
commissioner  of  Superior  Court,  superin- 
tendent of  the  Government  Fish  Hatchery, 
justice  of  the  peace  for  the  district  of  St. 
Francis,  president  of  the  Waterloo  &  Magog 
Railway  Company,  director  in  the  Stanstead, 
Shefford  &  Chambly  Railroad  Company,  di- 
rector in  the  Magog  Textile  and  Print  Com- 
pany, was  for  years  president  of  the  Stanstead 
County  Agricultural  Society,  chairman  of 
the  school  commissioners  of  Magog,  and  sec- 
retary and  treasurer  of  the  above  mentioned 
W.  &  M.  R.  Co.,  which  office  he  resigned 
in  1887  to  take  the  presidency  of  the  com- 
pany. He  has  been  connected  with  and  was 
one  of  the  principal  promoters  of  all  the 
public  enterprises  of  the  place,  the  most  im- 
portant of  them  being  the  Waterloo  &  Ma- 
gog Railway  and  Magog  Textile  and  Print 
Works.  He  was  an  active  promoter  of  both 
schemes,  and  has  a  large  amount  of  money 
invested  in  them.  He  is  an  active  politi- 
cian, and  has  been  engaged  in  every  politi- 
cal contest  which  has  taken  place  in  the 
county  since  confederation.  Being  a  pro- 
tectionist, he  is  consequently  a  Conserva- 
tive. He  has  been  looked  upon  as  the  suc- 
cessor of  the  present  member  in  the  House 
of  Commons,  but  so  far  has  steadily  refused 
to  accept  any  nomination  for  parliamentary 
honors.  He  is  and  has  always  been  a  tem- 
perance man  and  opposed  to  the  license 
system,  and  one  of  the  few  men  of  his  age 
who  never  signed  a  requisition  for  a  license. 
The  adoption  of  the  Temperance  Act  of 
1878  in  the  county  of  Stanstead  was  large- 
ly due  to  his  exertions.  He  is  a  Protestant 
in  religion,  and  in  favor  of  the  alliance  and 
amalgamation  of  all  Christian  denomina- 
tions, and  the  destruction  of  sectarian  walls 


that  serve  to  divide  and  weaken  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  church.  He  was  mar- 
ried August  12th,  1858,  to  Julia  Ann  Mer- 
ry, eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Ralph 
Merry,  of  Magog,  who  was  one  of  the  most 
prominent  and  most  public- spirited  men 
of  his  time,  and  was  for  many  years  mayor 
of  Magog.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
president  of  the  Waterloo  &  Magog  Rail- 
way Company  ;  vice-president  of  the  Stan- 
stead,  Shefford  &  Chambly  Railroad  ;  and 
one  of  the  early  promoters  of  both  schemes. 
Mrs.  Moore  was  born  at  Magog,  March  13th , 
1838,  was  educated  in  Canadian  and  United 
States  accademies,  and  was  also  for  some 
time  a  student  in  the  convent  at  Longueuilr 
near  Montreal.  Immediately  after  their 
marriage  they  went  to  Kentucky,  U.  S.  A.r 
where  they  lived  for  nearly  two  years  and  en- 
gaged in  teaching  in  the  Pleasant  Green  Sem- 
inary until  it  was  accidentally  burned,  Jan. 
1,  1 860.  The  war  cloud  being  about  ready 
to  burst  over  the  slavery  question,  they  re- 
turned to  Canada  in  the  spring  of  1860. 
Mr.  Moore  became  associated  in  that  year 
with  his  father-in-law  (Mr.  Merry)  in  build- 
ing the  Waterloo  &  Magog  Railroad  and  in 
mercantile  business.  They  continued  in 
partnership  until  1867,  when  Mr.  Merry  re- 
tired from  the  firm  and  Mr.  Moore  continu- 
ed, and  is  now  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
successful  merchants  in  the  eastern  town- 
ships. They  have  three  children  living, 
Ralph  Merry  Moore,  born  in  Kentucky  ; 
Catharine  Louise  Moore  and  Elizabeth 
Florence  Moore,  the  two  last  born  in  Ma- 
gog, province  of  Quebec. 

Freer,  Lieut.  Harry  Cortlandt, 
1st  Battalion,  South  Staffordshire  Regt.,  and 
Lieutenant  and  Brevet  Captain  and  Adju- 
tint,  B  Company.  R.S.I.,  St.  John's, Quebec, 
was  born  at  Sherbrooke,  Quebec,  on  the  9th 
of  May,  1859.  His  father,  Cortlandt  Freer, 
of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  engineer  staff, 
is  a  son  of  Noah  Freer,  late  captain  in  the 
Nova  Scotia  Fencibles,  and  at  one  time  A. 
D.C.,  or  military  secretary,  to  Sir  George 
Prevoet.  His  mother,  M  A.  Sicotte,  is  the 
eldest  daughter  of  the  Hon.  L.  V.  Sicotte, 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  St.  Hyacinthe. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at 
Trinity  College  School,  Port  Hope,  and 
afterwards  graduated  at  the  Royal  Military 
College,  Kingston.  He  entered  the  British 
service,  and  served  a  year  each  in  Malta  and 
Ireland.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  Egyp- 
tian war  he  served  with  the  1st  battalion 
South  Staffordshire  regiment,  and  served 
throughout  the  campaign  of  1882,  receiving 
tht/  Queen's  and  Khedive's  medals  for  his 


568 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


gallantry.  After  his  return  to  Canada,  the 
Northwest  Rebellion  of  1885  again  called 
him  to  active  service,  and  he  was  appointed 
A.D.C.to  Major-Gen.  Sir  Frederick  Middle- 
ton,  K.C.M.G.,  and  was  present  at  Batoche. 
For  his  gallantry  on  that  occasion  he  was 
mentioned  in  the  despatches,  and  received 
the  medal  with  clasp.  He  has  been  an  ex- 
tensive traveller  both  in  Europe  and  the 
East,  as  well  as  in  our  own  country,  having 
travelled  as  far  west  as  British  Columbia. 
In  religion  he  is  a  member  of  the  RomtJi 
Catholic  church,  and  is  unmarried. 

Montgomery,  Donald,  Charlotte- 
town,  Prince  Edward  Island,  Chief  Super- 
intendent of  Education  for  Prince  Edward 
Island,  was  born  at  Valleyfield,  3rd  May, 
1848.  His  parents  came  to  the  island  from 
Scotland  in  1840.  Mr.  Montgomery  received 
his  education  at  Prince  of  Wales  College  in 
Charlottetown,  the  foremost  seat  of  learning 
in  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  at  McGill 
University,  Montreal.  He  progressed  rapid- 
ly in  his  chosen  profession  of  teacher,  and  in 
1874  was  appointed  principal  of  the  Provin- 
cial Normal  School.  This  position  he  held 
for  three  years.  The  progress  of  education 
in  the  island  has  been  very  gradual.  At  the 
original  distribution  of  the  land  in  1767, 
thirty  acres  were  reserved  in  each  township 
for  a  schoolmaster,  and  there  the  matter 
rested  until  1821,  when  a  national  school 
was  opened  at  the  capital.  Later  on  a  board 
of  education  was  appointed  for  the  island 
and  other  schools  were  opened.  In  1836  a 
central  academy  was  established  in  Charlotte- 
town.  In  1837,  John  McNeil  was  appointed 
the  first  superintendent  of  schools.  At  this 
time  the  total  population  of  the  island  was 
about  thirty-five  thousand,  and  there  was 
only  fifty-one  schools,  with  a  total  attend- 
ance of  1,533.  Means  were  scanty  and  the 
schoolmaster  was  literally  "abroad"  most 
of  his  time,  removing  from  house  to  house, 
as  he  got  his  board  among  the  different  fami- 
lies of  his  district.  In  1842,  there  were  121 
schools  and  4356  pupils.  In  1852,  a  free 
school  act  was  passed  by  the  Legislature.  In 
1853,  the  office  of  general  superintendent 
for  the  island,  abolished  in  1848  (a  county 
superintendent  for  each  county  being  sub- 
stituted), was  re-established.  In  1855,  a 
bill  was  passed  establishing  a  Normal  School, 
which  was  opened  in  1856.  The  question  as 
to  whether  the  Bible  should  be  read  in  the 
Central  Academy  and  the  Normal  School 
was  earnestly  debated  by  the  people  and 
brought  to  the  notice  of  the  Legislature  in 
1858.  The  House  decided  against  the  use  of 
the  Bible  in  the  schools.  In  1861,  however, 


was  passed  au  act  admitting  the  Bible  into 
the  schools.  The  Prince  of  Wales  College 
was  established  in  the  same  year.  Many  of 
the  best  men  in  the  island  have  received 
their  earl'.er  education  at  this  institution, 
which,  however,  they  frequently  supplement 
by  a  course  at  other  seats  of  learning  in  the 
Dominion,  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain.  In  1878,  Mr.  Montgomery  em- 
barked in  politics,  and  on  the  20th  Septem- 
ber in  that  year  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
local  legislature  for  his  native  district  of 
Belfast.  This  was  a  bye-election  caused  by 
the  resignation  of  William  Welsh.  At  the 
general  election,  Mr.  Montgomery  again 
offered,  and  was  re-elected  in  April,  1879. 
He  was  a  moderate  Conservative.  He  re- 
signed his  seat  in  the  House  in  the  summer 
of  that  year,  and  on  the  26th  September, 
1879,  was  appointed  to  the  position  of  chief 
superintendent  of  education.  This  position 
he  has  continued  to  hold  up  to  the  present 
time.  He  is  connected  with  the  Presbyter- 
ian denomination.  He  married,  on  10th 
August,  1887,  Mary  Isabella,  daughter  of 
William  McPhail,  of  Orwell.  His  residence 
is  situated  on  Prince  street,  in  Charlotte- 
town.  A  man  in  the  very  prime  of  life  and 
usefulness,  Mr.  Montgomery  occupies  a  posi- 
tion of  the  highest  importance. 

Rivard,  Antoiiic  Majorique,  M.D., 
Sheriff  for  the  district  of  Joliette,  was  born 
on  the  24th  September,  1838,  at  St.  Leon, 
district  of  Three  Rivers,  province  of  Que- 
bec. He  is  descended  from  a  family  that 
came  from  France,  and  settled  at  Batiscan, 
province  of  Quebec,  in  1660.  His  father 
was  Pierre  Celestine  Rivard,  merchant  at 
St.  Leon,  and  his  mother  Marie  Angele 
Carori.  He  was  educated  at  the  Lanigan 
Academy,  Three  Rivers,  and  Nicole  t  Col- 
lege. He  was  admitted  as  a  physician  and 
surgeon  on  October  8th,  1861,  and  practised 
at  St.  Leon  until  1865,  when  he  removed  to 
Joliette,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He 
has  been  councillor  and  mayor  of  the  town 
of  Joliette,  vice-president  of  the  Agricultural 
Society,  county  of  Joliette,  president  of 
School  Commissions,  director  of  La  Com- 
pagnie  Manufacturier  de  Tabac  Canadien  de 
Joliette,  secretary  of  the  Medico-Surgical 
Association  of  the  district  of  Jolliette,  and 
surgeon  of  the  83rd  battalion  since  1874. 
He  was  a  governor  of  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  of  the  province  of  Que- 
bec from  1877  to  1880,  collector  of  inland 
revenue  from  1880  to  1882,  and  was  made 
sheriff  on  the  24th  February,  1885.  Dr. 
Rivard  was  married  on  the  16th  February, 
1863,  to  Marie  Corine  Asilda  Lemaitre 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


569 


Ange',  of  Riviere  du  Loup,  en  haut,  and  has 
always  been  a  strict  adherent  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  faith.  He  is  an  ornament  to  the 
profession  which  he  has  made  the  study  of 
his  life,  and  his  talents  are  only  second  to 
his  indomitable  energy  and  perseverance. 

Cartier,  Sir  "George  Etienne.  This 
illustrious  statesman  was  born  in  the  village 
of  St.  Antoine,  in  the  county  of  Vercheres, 
on  the  6th  of  September,  1814.  It  was 
claimed  for  him  that  he  was  descended  from 
one  of  the  nephews  of  Jacques  Cartier,  the 
adventurous  Breton  navigator,  who  showed 
to  France  the  ocean  pathways  to  a  western 
empire.  But  George  Etienne  stood  in  no 
need  of  the  dim  and  flickering  lustre  re- 
flected from  remote  family  achievement. 
He  made  for  himself,  in  the  history  of  his 
country,  a  name  and  a  fame  which,  by  right 
of  native  ability  and  resolute  and  fortunate 
effort,  are  permanently  his  own.  His  im- 
mediate ancestors  were  of  the  better  class 
of  French  Canadians.  His  grandfather,  a 
successful  merchant,  was  one  of  the  first 
members  chosen  for  the  county  of  Ver- 
cheres, when  the  Constitutional  Act  of  1791 
gave  to  Lower  Canada  the  right  to  repres- 
entative institutions.  In  Lower  Canada, 
in  the  early  days  of  George  Etienne  Cartier, 
two  avocations  possessed,  and  still  possess, 
a  strong  attraction  for  the  more  gifted 
amongst  the  younger  population.  These 
avocations  were  the  church  and  the  bar. 
Cartier  chose  the  latter.  To  qualify  him- 
self for  his  intended  profession,  he  pursued, 
for  eight  years,  a  course  of  study  at  the 
college  of  St.  Sulpice,  in  the  city  of  Mon- 
treal. There  is  no  tradition  to  show  that 
he  was  a  brilliant  student.  In  this  respect 
he  adds  another  to  the  number  of  eminent 
men  who  reserved,  not  for  the  ideal  world 
of  the  school-room,  but  for  the  actual  world 
of  after  life,  powers  and  faculties  previous- 
ly unsuspected,  because  undisplayed.  Af- 
ter leaving  college  he  entered  upon  the 
study  of  the  law,  and  in  1835  he  began 
practice  in  the  city  of  Montreal.  The  legal 
profession,  crowded  at  that  period,  over- 
crowded at  the  present  time,  still  affords, 
to  use  the  simile  of  Daniel  Webster,  "room 
in  the  upper  story."  To  that  place  of  van- 
tage Cartier  made  his  way.  The  explan- 
ation of  his  success  is  not  far  to  seek.  He 
possessed  at  that  time,  and  until  the  end  of 
his  life,  an  industry  that  never  knew  ces- 
sation, an  energy  that  never  faltered,  and 
an  ever-present  consciousness  of  his  own 
ability.  But,  for  young  Cartier,  another 
pursuit  besides  law  presented  imperative 
claims  to  attention.  This  was  politics.  To 


him,  and  to  the  majority  of  his  countrymen, 
they  seemed  to  mean  political  existence, 
and  the  preservation  of  their  language  and 
institutions.  Cartier  had  scarcely  begun  the 
practice  of  his  profession  when  he  was 
drawn  into  the  vortex.  Louis  Joseph  Pap- 
ineaa,  speaker  of  the  Legislative  Assembly 
since  the  year  1817,  had  been  flaming,  like 
a  portentous  meteor,  in  the  troubled  sky  of 
Canadian  politics.  Under  his  influence, 
Cartier,  like  the  overwhelming  majority  of 
French  Canadians,  fell.  It  was  no  wonder. 
Papineau  was  an  impetuous  leader  ;  he 
had  a  popular  cause  ;  he  appeared  to  be 
fighting  an  unequal  battle.  To  narrate  in 
detail  the  causes  which  created  a  leader  out 
of  Papineau,  and  which  attracted  to  his 
banner  all  the  more  enthusiastic  among  the 
French  Canadians,  would  be  to  fill  volumes  : 
to  write  a  history  of  a  country,  and  not  the 
brief  biography  of  a  man.  But  a  few  words 
may  serve  to  convey  a  faint  idea  of  the 
political  condition  of  Lower  Canada,  at  the 
time  when  Cartier  ventured  into  the  perilous 
pathways  of  the  provincial  politics  of  that 
epoch.  From  the  conquest  of  Canada,  in 
1760,  to  1791  (the  year  of  the  passing  of 
the  Constitutional  Act),  Canada  was  a  por- 
tion of  the  British  empire,  but  was  an  alien 
in  respect  to  British  institutions.  This  Act 
divided  what  was  known  as  the  Province 
of  Quebec  into  two  new  provinces— Upper 
and  Lower  Canada.  A  legislature  was,  by 
the  Act,  established  in  each  province.  It 
consisted  of  a  House  of  Assembly  and  a 
Legislative  Council.  The  people  elected 
the  Assembly  ;  the  Crown  nominated  the 
Council.  Herein  lay  the  monstrous  defect 
of  the  Constitutional  Act  ;  the  poisonous 
leaven  that  corrupted  the  body  politic  in 
Upper  and  Lower  Canada  ;  the  pestilent 
germ  that  developed  into  outrageous  mis- 
government,  jeopardy  of  British  connection, 
and  ultimate  rebellion.  The  Upper  House, 
nominated  by  the  Crown,  was  not  only 
irresponsible  to  the  people,  but  set  their 
wishes  at  absolute  defiance.  The  popular 
Assembly  might  pass  necessary  measures  ; 
the  Council  expunged  the  provisions  that 
made  them  useful,  or  trampled  them  un- 
der foot.  The  oligarchy,  which  was  con- 
tinually in  a  minority  in  the  Assembly,  but 
always  in  a  majority  in  the  Council,  lorded 
it  over  Lower  Canada  in  contemptuous  in- 
difference to  the  wishes  of  the  French  Can- 
adian majority.*  The  Governor,  who  was 

*  It  is  but  justice,  however,  to  the  Legislative 
Council  of  Lower  Canada  to  say  that,  on  more 
than  one  occasion,  in  those  times  of  oplitical 


570 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


commissioned  to  represent  the  King,  was 
the  mere  puppet  of  the  oligarchy.  While 
they  flattered  him  they  ruled  him,  and 
cajoled  while  they  enslaved.  Thus,  for  long 
and  weary  years,  was  enacted  the  wretched 
drama  of  despotism  under  a  constitutional 
mask.  There  seemed  no  sign  of  relief.  The 
governors  and  the  oligarchy,  by  their  mach- 
inations, had  gained  the  ear  of  the  imperial 
authorities,  and  tricked  them  into  the  belief 
that  to  rule  in  contempt  of  British  institu- 
tions was  the  only  means  of  perpetuating 
British  rule  in  Upper  and  Lower  Canada. 
With  the  intention  to  act  justly,  the  British 
government,  above  all  others,  seemed,  at 
this  period,  to  be  beyond  the  reach  of  the 
warnings  of  experience  ;  seemed  doomed 
never  to  know  the  truths  as  to  the  dismal 
history  of  colonial  misgovernment.  The 
loss  of  the  thirteen  colonies  had  been  a 
lesson  taught  in  vain.  Not  until  the  Earl 
of  Durham,  in  a  state  paper  which  eclipses, 
for  ability,  conscientiousness,  vast  industry, 
and  fearless  truthfulness,  any  other  of  the 
kind  in  the  diplomatic  literature  of  the 
British  American  colonies — not  until  he 
laid  bare  the  ulcers  and  festering  wounds 
on  the  Canadian  body  politic,  did  the  im- 
perial authorities  learn  the  truth,  and  set 
themselves  to  prepare  a  remedy.  In  the 
year  1837  the  patience  and  prudence  of  the 
French  Canadian  leaders  gave  way.  The 
pleading  for  reform  had  been  scouted  as 
treason  ;  now  insurrection  was  about  to 
take  the  place  of  argument.  Among  the 
deplorable  elements  engendered  in  the  long 
struggle  for  a  better  state  of  things  was  that 
of  race-hatred.  For  this  dangerous  passion, 
Papineau,  often  violent  in  language  and 
unwise  in  denunciation,  was  more  respon- 
sible than  his  opponents.  To  this  passion, 
Cartier,  even  in  his  hot  youth,  would  not 
surrender  himself.  But,  when  the  move- 
ment which  Papineau  for  nearly  a  quarter 
of  a  century  had  fostered,  burst  away  from 
his  control,  and  leapt  from  agitation 
into  rebellion,  George  Etienne  Cartier, 
throwing  to  the  winds  considerations  of 
selfishness  and  prudence,  boldly  took  his 
life  in  his  hand,  and  appealed  to  the  arbitra- 
ment of  the  sword.  The  autumn  of  1837 
was  ominous  of  coming  troubles.  The 
government,  even  if  no  other  source  of  in- 
formation had  been  at  their  command,  could 
not  fail  to  perceive  in  the  speeches  of  the 
more  impetuous  of  the  French  Canadian 


tumult,  the  refusal  of  that  body  to  yield  to  the 
Legislative  Assembly  was  the  means  of  preser- 
ving the  interests  of  the  British  minority  from 
being  sacrificed. 


leaders  that  an  appeal  to  arms  was  in  im- 
mediate contemplation.  After  waiting  for  a 
period  which  to  their  friends  seemed  peril- 
ously prolonged,  the  authorities  determined 
at  length  to  grapple  with  the  incipient  in- 
surrection. On  the  16th  of  November,  1837, 
warrants  for  high  treason  were  issued  against 
the  Montreal  agitators  who  were  inciting  the 
people  to  rebellion.  Papineau  was  included 
in  the  number,  but  he  had  been  warned  in 
time.  He  placed  the  St.  Lawrence  between 
himself  and  arrest,  and  made  good  his  way 
towards  the  Richelieu  river.  His  arrival  in 
that  locality  brought  to  a  focus  the  latent 
elements  of  revolt.  The  disaflected  peasantry 
of  the  surrounding  districts  trooped  to  their 
headquarters,  a  village  named  Debartzch,  in 
the  parish  of  St.  Charles.  But,  in  addition 
to  the  encampment  at  St.  Charles,  there  was 
another  and  more  memorable  mustering- 
place  of  the  "patriots."  This  was  at  St. 
Denis,  on  the  Chambly  river.  The  leader 
of  the  patriots  was  Dr.  Wolf  red  Nelson,  a 
man  whose  energy,  courage  and  principles 
won  him  the  unshaken  confidence  of  the 
peasantry.  At  St.  Denis  we  find  George 
Etienne  Cartier.  A  British  force  under 
Colonel  Gore,  a  Waterloo  veteran,  was  sent 
against  St.  Denis.  Accompanying  the  ex- 
pedition was  a  deputy-sheriff  armed  with  a 
warrant  for  the  arrest  of  Dr.  Wolfred  Nelson 
on  a  charge  of  high  treason.  On  the  morning 
of  the  23rd  of  November,  1837,  the  troops, 
after  twelve  hours'  |march  through  the 
sloughs,  mud,  and  pit-falls  of  a  winter  road 
in  Lower  Canada,  approached  the  village  of 
St.  Denis.  A  contemporary  account  thus 
narrates  the  result  of  the  attack  on  the  posi- 
tion of  the  insurgents  : — 

The  necessary  orders  were  given  for  the  troops  to 
advance  ;  an  order  which  was  promptly  obeyed, 
notwithstanding  the  harassing  and  fatiguing 
march  of  the  night.  Towards  the  north-eastern 
entrance  of  the  village  of  St.  Denis  there  is  a  large 
stone  house,  of  three  or  four  stories,  which  was 
discovered  to  be  full  of  armed  men,  who  opened  a 
sharp  and  galling  fire  upon  the  'troops.  The 
skirmishing  party  here  consisted  of  the  light  com- 
pany of  the  32nd,  under  Captain  Markham. 
Within  a  quarter  of  an  hour  after  the  firing  com- 
menced, Captain  Markham  was  severely  wounded 
in  the  leg;  and,  almost  at  the  same  moment, 
received  two  dangerous  wounds  in  the  neck,  which 
brought  him  to  the  ground.  In  conveying  him  to 
the  rear,  he  received  another  wound,  a  proof  of  the 
dexterity  and  precision  of  the  fire  kept  up  by  the 
patriots.  It  was  found  by  Colonel  Gore  that  the 
infantry,  deprived  of  the  assistance  of  Colonel 
Wetherall's  force,  was  inadequate  to  cope  with 
the  terrible  fire  of  the  musketry  that  was  k«-pt 
up  and  directed  against  them  from  the  stone 
house.  The  field-piece,  accordingly,  was  brought 
to  bear  upon  this  fort  of  the  insurgent  army, 
and  injured  it  considerably,  sending  many  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


571 


inmates  to  their  final  account.  Notwithstanding, 
as  the  ammunition  was  nearly  exhausted,  it  was 
deemed  prudent  to  retire,  in  order  to  maintain 
the  communication  with  Sorel,  as  many  of  the 
inhabitants  were  seen  gathering  from  all  directions 
to  the  scene  of  action.  About  half -past  two  in  the 
afternoon,  the  order  to  fall  back  was  given  ;  and, 
with  the  loss  of  six  men  killed  and  ten  wounded, 
a  retreat  was  commenced.  The  roads  were  so  bad 
it  was  impossible  to  get  farther  than  three  miles 
that  night,  and  Colonel  Gore  was  under  the  neces- 
sity of  bivouacking  till  daylight  of  Friday  morn- 
ing (24th),  when  he  again  commenced  his  march 
upon  Sorel,  which  he  reached  that  afternoon. 

On  the  25th  of  November,  1837,  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Wetherall  and  a  British  force 
drove  the  patriots  from  their  position  at  St. 
Charles.  A  few  days  after  this  event  Col- 
onel Gore,  with  his  command  reinforced 
marched  upon  St.  Denis.  But  the  victory  at 
St.  Charles  had  caused  defections  in  the 
ranks  of  Dr.  Nelson.  He  did  not  wait  a 
second  attack,  but  abandoned  his  position,  and 
sought  to  make  his  escape  to  theUnited  States. 
Thus  ended  the  operations  on  the  Richelieu, 
and  with  them  the  rebellion  south  of  .the 
River  St.  Lawrence.  George  E.  Cartier  was 
with  Dr.  Nelson  in  the  combat  at  St.  Denis. 
In  after  life,  a  political  opponent  would 
sometimes  taunt  him  with  cowardice  on  that 
occasion.  To  such  reproaches  he  never  re- 
plied, and  hence  there  were  some  persons 
who  suspected  that  there  might  be  truth  in 
the  accusation.  But  Cartier  himself  knew 
better,  and  could  afford  to  be  silent.  Ten 
years  or  so  after  St.  Denis  his  conduct  was 
described  by  Dr.  Nelson,  who  was  qualified 
to  speak  on  the  subject.  In  La  Minerve,  of 
M  >ntreal,  under  date  of  September  4th, 
1848,  Dr.  Nelson's  "  attestation,"  dated 
Montreal,  21st  August,  1848,  was  published 
in  French.  "  Seeing,"  says  the  Doctor, 
"that  an  appeal  has  been  made  to  me  to  give 
my  testimony  concerning  certain  events  at 
St.  Denis,  in  1837,  I  will  do  so  in  the  in- 
terest of  truth  and  justice.  I  owe  this  to  my 
friends,  and  to  the  country  in  general. 

It  is  true  that  M.  Henri  Cartier*  remarked  that 
it  would  be  well  to  retreat,  seeing  the  destruction 
caused  by  the  discharges  of  the  enemy,  the  want 
of  munitions,  and  the  flight  of  a  number  of  per- 
sons of  consequence.  I  strongly  opposed  this  re- 
treat ;  but,  notwithstanding  that,  Mr.  Henri 
Cartier  vigorously  supported  us  during  all  the 
day.  M.  GEORGE  CARTIER  never  made  allusion 
to  the  retreat,  and  he  like  his  cousin,  M.  H. 
Cartier,  valiantly  and  effectively  contributed  to 
the  success  of  this  struggle.  And  these  gentlemen 
only  left  me  when  I  was  myself  obliged  to  leave, 
nine  days  after  this  event,  when  the  second  ex- 
pedition of  troops  moved  against  St.  Denis  ;  re- 
sistence  then  having  become  impossible,  I  sent 

*  The  italics  and  small  capitals  are  in  the 
original. 


M.  George  Cartier,  towards  two  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  for  some  stores  to  St.  Antoine,  and  he 
promptly  returned  with  succour,  after  about  an 
hour's  absence.  Mr.  George  Cartier  did  not  wear 
a  tuque  bleu  *  on  the  day  of  the  battle. 

WOLFRED  NELSON. 
MONTREAL,  21st  August,  1848. 
The  authority  of  Dr.  Wolfred  Nelson  must 
be  accepted  as  conclusive  evidence  respecting 
the  personal  courage  of  Cartier,  who,  it 
would  seem,  acted  in  the  capacity  of  aide- 
de-camp  to  the  valiant  doctor.  Cartier,  at 
this  battle,  was  in  the  twenty-third  year  of 
his  age.  It  was  also  charged  against  him  by 
some  of  his  political  opponents,  that  for  his 
participation  in  the  events  of  1837,  a  reward 
was  offered  for  his  head.  The  present  writer 
has  not  been  able  to  verify  this  fact.  The 
name  of  Cartier  does  not  appear  in  the  lists 
of  those  for  whose  apprehension  the  governor 
proclaimed  rewards.  .Some  time  after  the 
fight  at  St.  Denis,  Cartier  took  refuge  in  the 
United  States.  Although  he  was  unnamed 
in  the  proclamations,  his  course  of  action 
was  well  known  to  the  government.  He 
would  have  been  arrested  at  the  time  if  it 
had  been  possible,  and  his  fate  would 
probably  have  been  like  that  of  his 
commander  at  St.  Denis — banishment.  He 
returned  secretly  from  the  United  States  to 
Canada,  and  remained  in  hiding  for  a 
time.  His  seclusion,  however,  was  not  of 
very  long  duration.  An  intimation  from 
the  authorities  assured  him  that  on  present- 
ing himself  in  public  he  would  not  be  ar- 
rested. The  promise  was  faithfully  kept. 
The  result  of  Mr.  Cartier's  participation  in 
the  rebellion  of  1837  was  that  for  nearly 
ten  years  after  its  close  he  took  no  active 
part  in  public  life.  In  ]  848,  yielding  to  the 
pressure  of  his  friends,  he  was  returned  "to 
parliament  as  the  representative  of  his  native 
county  of  Vercheres.  He  could  not  have 
made  his  entry  into  public  life  at  a  more 
favorable  moment  for  a  man  of  the  liberal 
tendencies  which  then  dominated  him.  The 
governor-general  was  the  Earl  of  Elgin, 
the  greatest  man,  with  the  exception  of  the 
Earl  of  Durham,  ever  commissioned  by  the 
British  government  to  perform  the  func- 
tions of  viceroy  of  Canada.  The  Lafontaine- 
Baldwin  cabinet,  never  before  or  since  ex- 
celled for  ability  and  administrative  talent, 
swayed  the  political  destinies  of  the  pro- 
vince. A  seat  in  the  House  of  Assembly, 
for  two  sessions,  in  the  time  of  Baldwin  and 
Lafontaine,  was  in  itself  a  political  educa- 
tion. Cartier  was  an  apt  learner.  In  the 

*  The  tuque  bleu  is  the  blue  woollen  right-cap, 
the  distinctive  national  head-dress  of  the  habitants. 


572 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


session  of  1850  he  showed  how  well  he  un- 
derstood the  needs  of  his  native  province. 
In  that  year  Lafontaine  proposed,  in  the 
House  of  Assembly,  a  series  of  resolutions 
for  the  abolition  of  the  Seignorial  Tenure. 
Like  every  other  abuse  which  has  the  plea 
of  age  for  its  defence,  the  Seignorial  system 
found  determined  advocates.  But  its  op- 
ponents were  not  only  more  numerous,  but 
had  an  infinitely  better  cause.  Some  great 
debates  arose  on  this  subject,  for  it  was  one 
that  went  home  to  the  whole  body  of  the 
French  Canadian  peasantry.  It  appealed, 
also,  to  the  dearest  interests  of  the  seigneurs. 
Cartier  was  one  of  those  who  offered  strong 
opposition  to  the  tenure.  As  the  represen- 
tative of  a  purely  agricultural  county  he 
could  take  no  other  course,  but  the  position 
he  assumed  was  in  accordance  with  his  con- 
victions. In  his  place  in  the  house  he 
boldly  stated  that  that  portion  of  the  pro- 
vince which  had  been  settled  under  the 
Seignorial  Tenure  had  not  made  as  much 
progress  as  the  part  which  had  been  settled 
under  the  Free  Tenure.  He  contended 
that  it  was  as  much  the  advantage  of  the 
seigneur  as  of  the  tenant  to  abolish  the 
Feudal  System  ;  and  that  the  proper  time 
for  so  doing  had  presented  itself.  The  gen- 
eral opinion  of  the  house  was  that  the  ses- 
sion was  too  far  advanced  to  deal  effectively 
with  the  question.  It  was  also  considered 
that  the  seigneurs  had  not  had  time  enough 
attorded  them  to  plead  their  cause.  The 
Hon.  Robert  Baldwin  and  Mr.  Cartier 
were  in  favor  of  settling  the  Seignorial 
question  at  once,  and  would  have  prolonged 
the  session  for  that  purpose  ;  but  Mr.  La- 
fontaine refused  to  consent.  He  considered 
that  the  legal  remedies  proposed  would 
not  lead  to  a  definite  settlement  of  the  pro- 
blem. He  had  no  desire  to  reform  and  per- 
petuate the  Tenure  ;  he  wished  to  sweep  it 
out  of  existence.  The  Tenure  was  abol- 
ished in  the  year  1854,  by  the  Hincks-Morin 
administration.  Those  two  leaders  having 
retired  in  1855,  Sir  Edmund  Head,  then 
governor-general,  called  upon  Sir  Allan 
MacNab  to  form  a  Cabinet.  Sir  Allan 
allied  himself  with  Colonel  E.  P.  Tache  ; 
and  the  latter  on  the  27th  of  January,  1855, 
selected  Mr.  Cartier  as  provincial  secretary. 
He  was  not  eager  for  office.  Under  the  pre- 
vious administration  he  had  refused  the 
position  of  commissioner  of  public  works. 
The  Legislature,  in  1856,  devoted  a  great 
deal  of  attention  to  the  subject  of  public 
education.  Mr.  Cartier  entered  heartily 
into  the  question.  He  had  the  principal 
share  in  preparing  two  measures  which  were 


adopted  by  the  house.  The  one  provided 
for  the  establishment  of  a  Council  of 
Public  Instruction  for  Lower  Canada,  and 
for  allowing  school  municipalities  to  levy 
their  own  quotas.  The  other  authorized  the 
establishment  of  Normal  schools  in  Lower 
Canada,  and  erected  a  permanent  fund  of 
$88,000,  to  be  devoted  to  superior  education 
in  that  province.  Part  of  this  money  was 
made  up  out  of  the  revenues  of  the  Jesuits' 
estates  ;  $20,000  of  it  came  from  the  Con- 
solidated Fund.  A  sum  of  $20,000  was  at 
the  same  time  voted  for  the  purposes  of 
superior  education  in  Upper  Canada.  The 
opposition  endeavored  to  alter  these  two 
measures.  It  was  contended  that  the  dis- 
tribution of  $88,000  by  the  superintendent 
of  education,  under  an  Order  in  Council, 
would  be  placing  means  of  corruption  in  the 
hands  of  the  government.  It  was  further 
contended  that  it  was  unconstitutional  to 
deprive  the  House  of  Assembly  of  the  right 
to  vote,  annually,  the  public  moneys.  The 
arguments  of  the  opposition  were  sound,  but 
were  urged  in  vain,  and  the  government 
measures  were  carried.  The  MacNab  - 
Tache  administration,  in  1856,  fell  to  pieces. 
There  was  weakness  within  its  membership. 
There  was,  in  addition,  the  disturbing  ques- 
tion of  the  settlement  of  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment. The  house,  at  the  end  of  a  long  and 
exciting  debate,  resolved  that,  after  the 
year  1859,  the  city  of  Quebec  should  be  the 
permanent  capital  of  Canada.  A  consider- 
able number  of  the  representatives  of  Upper 
Canada  Were  discontented  with  this  arrange- 
ment. They  considered  that  Quebec  was 
too  far  removed  from  the  centre  of  the  pro- 
vince. The  government,  in  accordance  with 
the  resolution  of  the  house,  placed  in  the 
estimates  the  sum  of  $200,000  for  the  erec- 
tion of  public  buildings.  The  Hon.  Luther 
Hamilton  Holton  proposed  the  following 
amendment  : — "That  the  conduct  of  the 
administration  on  the  subject  of  the  ques- 
tion of  the  seat  of  government,  and  on  other 
questions  of  public  importance,  has  dis- 
appointed the  just  expectation  of  the  great 
majority  of  the  people  of  this  province." 
The  discussion  which  followed  lasted  some 
days.  The  amendment  of  Mr.  Holton  was 
defeated  by  a  majority  of  twenty-three. 
But,  among  the  forty-seven  yeas,  were 
thirty-three  members  from  Upper  Canada  ; 
while,  from  that  province,  twenty-seven 
only  voted  with  the  ministry.  The  vote 
was  followed  by  the  resignation  of  two  mem- 
bers of  the  government,  Messrs.  Spence  and 
Morrison.  These  gentlemen  belonged  to 
the  Upper  Cinada  section  of  the  ministry. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


573 


The  Hon.  John  A.  Macdonald  was  the  next 
to  secede.  He  was  of  opinion  that  the 
vote  on  the  question  of  the  capital  had 
weakened  the  government,  and  as  there  was 
no  security  that  the  same  votes  would  not 
be  repeated  he  thought  it  best  to  remain  no 
longer  in  the  Cabinet.  The  Hon.  Mr. 
Cayley,  also  from  Upper  Canada,  followed 
the  footsteps  of  Mr.  Macdonald.  Sir  Allan 
MacNab  was  reluctantly  forced  to  resign. 
The  governor- general  requested  Colonel 
Tache  to  form  a  new  administration.  He 
chose  for  his  colleague  the  Hon.  John 
A.  Macdonald,  in  the  stead  of  Sir  Allan 
MacNab.  The  new  ministry  was  virtually 
a  continuation  of  the  old  one,  with  two  ex- 
ceptions :  Mr.  Vankoughnet  replaced  Sir 
Allan  MacNab  in  the  Upper  Canada  sec- 
tion ;  Mr.  Terril  replaced  Mr.  Drummond 
in  the  Lower  Canada  section.  Mr.  Cartier, 
in  passing  from  one  ministry  to  the  other 
changed  his  portfolio.  He  became  attorney- 
general  for  Lower  Canada,  in  the  place  of 
Mr.  Drummond.  His  new  office  was  no 
sinecure.  The  session  which  opened  on  the 
26th  of  February,  1857,  was  signalized  by  a 
ministerial  project  which  was  of  far-reaching 
importance  to  Lower  Canada.  This  was 
the  codification  of  the  Civil  Laws,  and  of 
the  Laws  of  Procedure.  The  measure  was 
the  work  of  Attorney-General  Cartier.  He 
expended  on  .fc  great  industry  ;  he  made 
it  a  labor  of  love.  As  he  himself  observed, 
the  necessity  of  codification  made  itself  felt 
the  more  because  the  province  was  settled 
by  people  of  different  races.  The  know- 
ledge which  everyone  should  possess  of  the 
laws  of  his  country  could  only  be  attained 
by  codification.  The  sources  whence  those 
laws  were  derived  were  so  varied  that  an 
acquaintance  with  them  demanded  great 
research.  Part  of  the  civil  laws  of  Lower 
Canada  had  been  borrowed  from  the  Roman 
law  ;  part  from  a  body  of  jurisprudence 
known  as  the  Custom  of  Paris  ;  part  was 
found  in  the  Edicts  and  Ordonnances,  and 
in  the  Provincial  Statutes.  The  time  was 
ripe  for  this  great  and  beneficent  work.  The 
peasantry  of  Lower  Canada  had  been  eman- 
cipated from  the  control  of  the  seigneurs. 
The  land  laws  which  had  ruled  them  had 
been  swept  away,  and  an  improved  system 
of  jurisprudence,  suited  to  the  new  state  of 
things,  was  demanded.  Mr.  Cartier  was 
determined  to  satisfy  this  demand.  But 
there  were  those  in  parliament  who  wished 
to  proceed  farther  then  he  then  wanted  to 
go.  The  Hon.  Mr.  Drummond,  attorney- 
general  in  the  late  administration,  and  an 
able  jurist,  was  of  opinion  that  the  laws  of 


both  provinces  should  be  assimilated,  so 
that  there  might  be  but  one  code  for  Canada. 
The  reply  of  Attorney-General  dirtier  was 
to  the  effect  that  it  was  necessry  to  begin 
first  with  the  codification  of  those  laws 
which  Lower  Canada  imperatively  demand- 
ed. After  this,  it  would  be  time  to  think 
about  accomplishing  what  was  proposed. 
The  measure  passed  through  the  House  of 
Assembly  and  the  Legislative  Council  with- 
out opposition.  The  commissioners  appoint- 
ed by  the  government  to  codify  the  laws  be- 
gan their  labors  in  1859,  and  finished  them 
in  1864.  Some  readers  of  this  sketch  will 
remember  the  occasion  on  which,  in  the 
Legislative  Assembly  in  the  city  of  Quebec, 
Attorney-General  Cartier  rose  to  move  the 
resolution  which  would  make  the  Civil  Code 
the  law  of  the  land..  He  addressed  the 
house  in  French,  and  with  more  seriousness 
and  deliberation  than  marked  his  ordinary 
utterances.  He  spoke  with  the  feeling  of  a 
man  who  is  conscious  that  he  is  placing  the 
crowning  stone  on  an  edifice  which  has  cost 
him  years  of  labor  and  anxiety  to  build. 
As  he  finished  with  the  words,  "I  desire 
no  better  epitaph  than  this — '  He  accom- 
plished the  Civil  Code,'"  the  house  did 
honour  to  itself  and  to  him  by  a  hearty 
burst  of  applause.  The  eastern  townships 
of  Lower  Canada  are  peopled  mainly  by 
an  English-speaking  population.  But  the 
French  Canadians,  in  course  of  time,  found 
their  way  into  these  districts.  The  result 
was,  that  there  were  two  systems  of  civil 
law.  To  remedy  this  evil,  Mr.  Cartier  pre- 
pared and  carried  through  parliament  a 
measure  which  introduced  the  French  Civil 
laws  into  the  eastern  townships,  and  ren- 
dered uniform  the  holding  of  lands.  An- 
other most  important  measure  which  he 
succeeded  in  passing  during  the  session  of 
1857  was  an  Act  for  the  Decentralization  of 
Justice.  Its  object  was  to  cheapen  justice, 
and  to  render  it  more  easily  attainable. 
"  The  administration  of  j  ustice  in  criminal 
cases,  and  in  all  civil  matter  where  the 
amount  involved  was  over  fifty  pounds,  was 
confined  toeseven  places  :  Quebec,  Montreal, 
Three  Rivers,  St.  Francis,  Aylmer,  Sher- 
brooke  and  Gaspe,  in  a  country  exceeding 
seven  hundred  or  eight  hundred  miles  in 
length."  The  act  divided  Lower  Canada  into 
nineteen  judicial  districts,  adding  twelve  to 
those  already  mentioned.  It  provided  for 
the  erection  of  courts  of  justice  and  prisons 
in  the  new  districts,  increased  the  number 
of  the  judges  of  the  Superior  Court  to  eight- 
een, and  the  number  of  the  judges  of  the 
Court  of  Appeal  to  five.  The  act  provided 


574 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


that  there  should  be  four  terms  of  the  Court 
of  Appeal  in  Quebec,  and  made  other  regula- 
tions respecting  procedure  and  the  salaries 
of  the  judges.  The  care  and  labor  which 
this  statute  imposed  on  Mr.  Cartier,  in  or- 
iginating it,  in  passing  it  through  the  house, 
and  in  devising  the  multifarious  machinery 
necessary  to  put  it  into  successful  operation, 
were  enough  to  have  overcome  a  man  of 
less  mental  and  physical  energy.  The  majo- 
rity of  the  people  of  Lower  Canada  wel- 
comed the  Act  with  open  arms,  and  it  en- 
deared its  author  to  his  French  Canadian 
fellow-countrymen.  The  parliament  of  1857 
had  not  been  long  in  session  when  the  ques- 
tion of  the  permanent  seat  of  government 
again  came  to  the  front.  In  the  previous 
session,  as  we  have  seen,  the  Assembly  had 
decided  that  Quebec  should  be  the  capital 
and  had  authorized  the  expenditure  of 
$200,000  for  the  erection  of  necessary  build- 
ings. But  the  Legislative  Council  had  re- 
fused its  assent  to  the  supplies.  The  ques- 
tion, therefore,  in  1857,  was  practically  un- 
decided :  and  so  thought  a  great  many  of 
the  members.  The  ministry  decided  to 
overlook  the  Assembly's  vote  last  session  in 
favor  of  Quebec  ;  and  resolved  to  leave  the 
question  of  the  permanent  seat  of  govern- 
ment to  the  decision  of  the  Queen.  The 
ministry  further  proposed  that  a  vote  of 
$900,000  should  be  taken  for  the  erection  of 
new  parliamentary  and  departmental  build- 
ings. Attorney-General  Cartier  was  of 
opinion  that  many  of  the  members  could 
not  have  been  serious  in  voting  in  favor  of 
Quebec  ;  his  reason  being  that  they  had 
voted  immediately  afterwards  against  the 
expenditure  of  the  $200,000.  Besides,  the 
Legislative  Council  had  refused  assent  to 
the  supplies.  The  government  would  not 
act  unless  the  two  branches  of  the  legis- 
lature were  in  agreement  ;  but  it  was  im- 
possible to  have  the  consent  of  the  Council. 
The  better  plan,  therefore,  in  his  opinion, 
was  to  leave  to  her  Majesty  the  selection  of 
the  future  capital  of  Canada.  This  proposi- 
tion was  opposed  by  many  members  from 
the  lower  province.  Mr.  J.  E.  Thibaudeau 
moved  an  amendment  to  the  effect  that  it 
was  not  expedient  to  take  into  consideration 
the  question  of  the  seat  of  government, 
because  it  had  been  decided  the  previous 
session.  He  contended  that  the  rejection 
of  the  supplies  by  the  Legislative  Council 
was  not  a  sufficient  ground  for  annulling 
the  decision  of  the  Legislative  Assembly, 
the  more  especially  as  many  councillors  from 
Lower  Canada  were  absent  when  the  vote 
was  taken.  The  amendment  was  lost.  The 


same  fate  befell  a  motion  to  make  Montreal 
the  seat  of  government.  The  result  was 
that  an  address  to  the  Queen,  praying  her 
to  select  the  capital,  was  carried  by  a  majo- 
rity of  nine.  Her  Majesty  selected  Ot- 
tawa as  the  seat  of  government.  On  the 
25th  of  November,  1857,  Colonel  Tache  the 
nominal  head  of  the  administration,  resigned 
office,  and  the  Hon.  John  A.  Macdonald 
was  called  upon  to  form  a  new  government. 
He  made  no  change  in  the  Upper  Canada 
section  of  the  cabinet.  At  his  request,  Mr. 
Cartier  proceeded  to  select  the  ministers 
for  Lower  Canada.  His  object  was  to  com- 
bine the  two  political  parties  in  his  native 
province.  Two  moderate  Liberals,  Messrs. 
Belleau  and  Sicotte,  accepted  office  under 
Mr.  Cartier.  The  offer  of  a  portfolio  to  the 
Hon.  A.  A.  Dorion  was,  with  the  consent 
of  Mr.  Cartier,  made  through  Mr.  Sicotte. 
But  Mr.  Dorion  refused  the  inducement, 
and  remained  true  to  his  political  allegiance. 
The  Macdonald -Cartier  administration  was 
formed  on  the  26th  of  November,  1857.  Mr. 
Cartier  was  the  only  Lower  Canadian  min- 
ister who  belonged  to  the  old  cabinet.  His 
colleagues  from  that  province  were  all  new 
men.  On  the  28th  of  July,  1858,  Mr.  Piche 
moved  an  amendment  :  "That,  in  the 
opinion  of  this  chamber,  the  city  of  Ot- 
tawa ought  not  to  be  the  seat  of  the  govern- 
ment of  this  province."  The  amendment 
was  carried  by  a  majority  of  six.  The  minis- 
try, on  account  of  this  vote,  tendered  their 
resignation  next  day,  the  29th  of  July.  Sir 
Edmund.Head  requested  Mr.  George  Brown 
to  form  an  administration.  This  gentleman, 
as  the  leader  of  the  Opposition,  had  for 
years  waged  a  resolute  battle  against  the 
party  represented  by  the  defeated  ministry. 
Following  constitutional  precedents,  it  was 
the  duty  of  the  governor-general  to  ask  Mr. 
Brown  to  form  a  cabinet.  It  was  also  his 
duty  to  smooth  the  way  for  the  accomplish- 
ment of  the  object  he  wished  Mr.  Brown  to 
accomplish.  But  the  governor,  instead  of 
removing  obstacles  from  Mr.  Brown's 
path,  was  the  first  to  place  them  in  that 
gentleman's  way.  He  would  not  give  to 
Mr.  Brown  the  promise  of  a  dissolution,  but 
he  would  consent  to  a  prorogation,  if  one  or 
two  measures  were  passed,  and  if  a  vote  of 
credit  were  taken  for  the  supplies.  Mr. 
Brown  was  thus  over- weighted  from  the  very 
beginning.  Still,  with  that  political  courage 
which  had  always  characterized  him,  he 
undertook  the  formation  of  a  cabinet.  He 
chose  as  his  colleage,  and  as  leader  of  the 
Lower  Canada  section  of  the  government, 
the  Hon.  A.  A.  Dorion,  a  gentleman  with  an 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


575 


untarnished  political  record.  On  the  2nd 
of  August,  1858,  Mr.  Brown  had  completed 
his  task,  and  the  cabinet  took  the  oath  of 
office.  The  existence  of  this  administra- 
tion was  brief,  in  fact  the  shortest  known 
to  our  history,  it  having  existed  for  only 
two  days  when  it  resigned,  being  defeat- 
ed on  a  motion  of  want  of  confidence. 
The  governor- general  having  in  vain  re- 
quested Mr.  Gait  to  form  a  cabinet,  Mr. 
Carder  became  the  head  of  a  new  Ad- 
ministration. He  chose  the  Hon.  John  A. 
Macdonald  as  the  leader  of  the  Upper 
Canada  section.  The  government  was  com- 
pleted on  the  6th  of  August.  Then  followed 
what  is  known  as  the  "Double-Shuffle."  By 
the  Independence  of  Parliament  Act  of  1857, 
it  was  provided  that  if  a  cabinet  minister  in 
either  house  should  resign  his  office,  and 
within  a  month  afterwards  accept  another, 
he  should  not  go  back  to  his  constituents. 
Some  of  the  members  of  the  Macdonald- 
Cartier  government,  who  had  entered  the 
Cartier-Macdonald  government,  took  ad- 
vantage of  this  law  in  order  to  avoid  the 
ordeal  of  re-election.  They  accepted,  on 
the  6th  of  August,  in  the  Cartier-Macdonald 
cabinet,  offices  different  from  those  they  had 
held  in  the  Macdonald-Cartier  cabinet.  But 
on  the  7th  of  August  they  discarded  their 
portfolios  of  the  6th,  and  resumed  those 
which  they  had  held  in  the  Macdonald- 
Cartier  administration  when  it  resigned  on 
the  29th  of  July.  Mr.  Cartier,  when  he  re- 
signed, en  the  29th  of  July,  was  attorney- 
general  for  Lower  Canada.  On  the  6th  of 
August  he  became  inspector- general.  On 
the  7th  of  August  he  resumed  the  office  of 
attorney-general.  This  constituted  the 
"  Double  Shuffle."  The  action  cannot  be 
defended,  and  he  never  attempted  to  defend 
it.  The  ministry  seemed  to  be  ashamed  of 
the  part  they  had  played.  Many  of  their 
own  supporters  blamed  them.  The  political 
conscience  of  the  country  seemed  to  have 
become  sensitive,  when  it  fully  realized  the 
extent  of  the  wrong  which  had  been  done  to 
constitutional  and  parliamentary  govern- 
ment. The  ministry  were  forced,  by  public 
opinion,  to  repeal  the  Independence  of 
Parliament  Act,  under  which  they  had  ac- 
complished the  "Double-Shuffle."  The 
Cartier-Macdonald  administration,  after  it 
had  been  formed,  announced  that  it  would 

five  serious  attention  to  the  question  of  a 
'ederal  Union  of  the  Provinces  of  North 
America.  They  further  promised  that  they 
would  approach  the  imperial  authorities  on 
the  subject,  and  also  enter  into  communica- 
tion with  the  governments  of  the  Maritime 


province?  After  the  session  of  1858,  Messrs. 
Cartier,  Gait  and  Ross  visited  England  in 
the  interest  of  a  Federal  Union.  To  com- 
munications from  the  colonial  secretary  on 
the  subject  of  union,  the  government  of  the 
Maritime  provinces  answered  by  requesting 
time  for  the  consideration  of  the  project. 
The  result  was  that  no  action  was  at  that 
time  taken.  The  Cartier-Macdonald  govern- 
ment proceeded  no  faicher  in  the  direction 
of  union.  On  this  visit  to  England,  Attorney- 
General  Cartier  was,  for  three  days,  the 
guest  of  the  Queen  at  Windsor  Castle. 
Parliament  was  opened,  in  Toronto,  in  the 
month  of  January,  1859.  The  question  of 
the  seat  of  government  again  came  to  the 
front.  The  ministry  stated  that  they  were 
obliged  to  uphold  the  Queen's  decision  in 
favor  of  Ottawa.  Mr.  Sicotte,  who  had 
left  the  cabinet  on  this  question,  proposed 
an  amendment  to  the  Address  in  reply  to  the 
Speech  from  the  Throne.  He  had  seceded 
because  he  held  that,  after  the  vote  of  the 
Legislative  Assembly  at  its  last  session,  the 
government  could  not  abide  by  the  decision 
of  the  Queen  without  violating  the  principle 
that  the  majority  should  rule.  The  amend- 
ment he  now  proposed  was  to  the  effect  that 
the  principles  of  the  Constitution  required 
that  the  opinion  of  the  majority  should  be 
respected  ;  and  that,  in  declaring,  during 
the  preceding  session,  that  Ottawa  should 
not  be  the  capital,  the  house  had  expressed 
its  views  in  conformity  with  the  ordinary 
and  constitutional  exercise  of  its  privileges. 
Mr.  Langevin  seconded  the  amendment.  He 
was  of  opinion  that  Attorney -General  Cartier 
could  not  make  any  one  believe  that  Ottawa 
was  the  most  convenient  place  for  the  seat 
of  government.  The  capital  ought  not  to  be 
fixed  before  the  question  of  Confederation 
was  decided.  Mr.  Cartier  argued  that  the 
conduct  of  the  cabinet  in  this  matter  was 
constitutional.  The  simple  declaration,  by 
the  house,  that  Ottawa  ought  not  to  be  the 
capital,  did  not  suffice  to  set  aside  the 
Queen's  decision,  and  bind  the  ministry  to 
take  account  of  it.  The  choice  of  Ottawa 
was  a  good  one,  because  the  immediate  pres- 
sure of  public  opinion  would  make  itself  less 
felt  there  than  elsewhere.  The  French- 
Canadians  would  find,  in  Ottawa,  a  popula- 
tion in  part  Catholic,  and  having  the  same 
institutions .  The  result  of  the  debate  was  a 
government  majority  of  only  five.  The 
Upper  Canada  Opposition  contributed  to  the 
victory  so  narrowly  won.  Ottawa,  sorely 
pressed,  snatched  the  capital  from  the  other 
competitors.  The  session  of  1859  was 
marked  by  another  advantage  secured  by 


576 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Mr.  Cartier  for  his  native  province.  This 
was  an  Act  to  amend  the  Seignorial  Act  of 
1854.  The  object  of  his  measure  was  the 
complete  redemption  of  the  Seignorial  rights, 
with  one  exception.  It  was  stated  that  the 
funds  provided  by  the  Seignorial  Act  of 
1854  had  proved  insufficient  for  the  re- 
demption of  certain  feudal  obligations  still 
pressing  upon  the  Jiabitants.  For  this  pur- 
pose a  new  appropriation  of  between  $1,600- 
000  and  $2,000,000  was  demanded  by  Mr. 
Cartier.  With  the  exception  of  one  member, 
Mr.  Somerville,  all  the  Lower  Canada  re- 
presentatives supported  this  measure.  But 
the  Upper  Canada  Liberals,  led  by  the  Hon. 
George  Brown,  assailed  the  proposal  with 
the  utmost  vigor.  They  proclaimed  that  it 
was  nothing  more  than  an  attempt  to  rob 
Upper  Canada.  They  opposed  it  in  the 
press,  and  combated  it  with  unflinching 
courage  on  the  floor  of  the  hou»e.  But  in 
vain  :  the  Lower  Canada  phalanx  voted 
down  all  attempts  to  amend  the  measure, 
and  with  them  voted  their  Upper  Canada 
allies.  The  end  was,  that  the  law  was  carried 
by  66  to  28.  The  session  of  1861  was  marked 
by  a  long  and  vehement  debate  on  the  ques- 
tion of  Representation  by  Population.  It  was 
opened  by  Mr.  Ferguson  proposing  an 
amendment  to  the  Address.  The  amend- 
ment declared  the  regret  of  the  house  that 
the  governor-general  had  not  been  advised 
to  allude  to  the  recent  census  of  the  people, 
which  census  the  house  could  not  but  re- 
gard as  preliminary  to  legislation  upon  the 
great  question  of  Parliamentary  Reform, 
based  upon  the  numbers  and  wealth  of  the 
people,  etc.  The  amendment  was  voted 
down  by  72  to  38.  The  Lower  Canada 
phalanx  and  its  Upper  Canada  allies  were 
again  victorious.  Mr.  Ferguson  then  pro- 
posed a  measure  in  modification  of  the  ex- 
isting system  of  representation.  The  new 
project  was  to  give  to  a  county  of  at  least 
15,000  inhabitants  one  representative  ;  to  a 
county  of  20,000,  two  representatives.  Mr. 
Cartier,  in  a  strong  and  uncompromising 
speech,  announced  his  unalterable  opposi- 
tion to  what  he  styled  the  unjust  preten- 
sions of  Upper  Canada.  He  maintained 
that  the  upper  province  had  no  right  under 
the  Union  Act,  to  claim  a  larger  represen- 
tation than  Lower  Canada.  The  union  had 
been  consummated  with  the  understanding 
that  the  equality  of  the  representation  would 
be  maintained.  He  concluded  in  protest- 
ing that  he  would  never  sacrifice  the  rights 
of  Lower  Canada.  The  government  of 
which  he  was  first  minister  would  not  yield 
Representation  by  Population,  in  spite  of 


the  efforts  of  the  members  from  Upper 
Canada  who  advocated  that  measure.  It 
must  be  admitted  that,  on  this  particular 
question,  Mr.  Cartier  shows  to  great  dis- 
advantage. The  lawyer  and  the  sectionalist 
are  seen  everywhere  :  the  statesman  and 
the  Canadian  nowhere.  Because  the  Union 
Act  was  silent  on  the  subject  of  represen- 
tation, the  great  upper  province  must  chafe 
under  a  galling  injustice.  Containing  285,- 
000  people  more  than  Lower  Canada,  this 
vast  number  was  to  remain  without  a  voice 
to  make  known  their  wishes  in  the  councils 
of  the  country.  In  this  instance,  Mr.  Car- 
tier  showed  himself  devoid  of  that  rare  ele- 
ment, political  equity  :  the  element  that  dis- 
tinguishes the  statesman  from  the  politician. 
After  a  discussion  prolonged  through  several 
days,  the  measure  of  Mr.  Ferguson  was  de- 
feated by  a  majority  of  18.  For  the  motion 
49  ;  against  it,  67.  Upper  Canada  had  49 
representatives  who  voted  for  the  motion, 
and  a  dozen  who  voted  against  it.  If  Mr. 
Cartier  had  been  a  man  of  ordinary  political 
prescience  on  this  question  he  would  have 
foreseen,  from  this  vote,  that  Upper  Canada 
was  determined  to  have  her  claims  satisfied, 
and  that  it  would  not  be  possible  much 
longer  to  refuse  them.  The  parliament  was 
prorogued  on  the  18th  of  May,  1861.  On 
the  16th  of  June  following,  it  was  dissolved 
by  proclamation.  In  the  general  election 
which  followed,  Mr.  Cartier  defeated  Mr. 
Dorion  in  Montreal  East.  The  seventh 
parliament  of  the  province  of  Canada  was 
opened  on  the  20th  of  March,  1862.  In  the 
debate  on  the  Address,  the  burning  question 
of  Representation  by  Population  again  came 
up.  The  Hon.  William  Macdougall,  one  of 
its  most  able  and  ardent  supporters,  moved 
an  amendment  to  the  Address.  It  set  forth 
that,  by  the  recent  census,  the  population 
of  Upper  Canada  exceeded  that  of  Lower 
Canada,  in  February,  1861,  by  no  fewer 
than  285,427  souls.  The  amendment  ex- 
pressed the  regret  of  the  house  that  the 
governor-general  had  not  been  advised  to 
recommend  some  measure  for  securing  to 
this  large  population  in  Upper  Canada  their 
rightful  share  of  the  parliamentary  repres- 
entation, and  their  just  influence  in  the  gov- 
ernment. The  Hon.  John  Hillyard  Cam- 
eron, though  Conservative  as  he  was, 
raised  his  eloquent  voice  in  favor  of  the 
claims  of  Upper  Canada.  But  facts,  reason- 
ing, justice,  pleaded  in  vain.  The  Lower 
Canada  majority,  to  a  man,  voted  down 
Mr.  Macdougall's  proposition  ;  but  he  was 
supported  by  forty-two  of  the  representa- 
tives of  Upper  Canada.  Mr.  Cartier,  thia 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


577 


session,  failed  s  gain  to  see  that  the  headlong 
voting  of  his  followers  was  paralyzing  the 
constitution  which,  in  their  common  political 
blindness,  they  fancied  they  were  perpetu- 
ating. But  the  day  of  his  supremacy  was 
drawing  to  a  close.  His  colleague,  the  Hon. 
John  A.  Macdonald,  brought  forward  a 
measure  intended  to  increase  the  efficiency 
of  the  militia.  It  was  based  on  the  sugges- 
tions of  a  special  commission,  amongst 
whose  members  were  Mr.  Cartier  and  Mr. 
Macdonald.  The  commissioners  recommend- 
ed that  an  active  force  of  50,000  men 
should  submit  to  a  drill  extending  over 
twenty-eight  days  in  each  year  ;  and  that  a 
reserve  of  an  equal  number  should  be  em- 
bodied. The  opposition  at  onco  began  to 
question  the  ministry.  The  Hon.  Mr.  Gait, 
the  minister  of  finance,  informed  them  that 
he  would  ask  for  $850,000  to  set  the  new 
scheme  in  operation.  After  this  outlay, 
the  annual  expenditure  would  be  about 
$500,000.  The  French  Canadian  constit- 
uencies took  the  alarm.  They  dreaded  a 
conscription  which  would  every  year  take 
away  so  many  thousands  of  needed  workers 
from  their  homes  and  farms.  They  raised 
their  voices  against  the  enormous  increase 
of  the  provincial  liabilities  which  this  new 
scheme  would  necessitate.  Some  of  the 
friends  of  the  government  sought  in  .vain  to 
induce  them  to  modify  the  measure.  They 
defied  a  vote.  On  the  second  reading  the 
vote  was  taken.  The  government  was 
beaten  by  61  to  54.  Mr.  Macdonald  was 
supported  by  a  majority  of  seven  votes 
from  Upper  Canada  ;  but  Mr.  Cartier  was 
left  in  a  minority  of  thirteen.  His  political 
power  was  shatterd.  On  the  21st  of  May, 
1862,  he  tendered  his  resignation.  The 
Hon.  John  Sandfield  Macdonald,  at  the 
invitation  of  Lord  Monck,  succeeded  in 
forming  a  cabinet.  How  it  was  compelled 
to  resign,  and  how  successive  cabinets  were 
subjected  to  a  similar  ordeal  ;  how  the 
scheme  of  Confederation  was  matured,  as 
the  only  way  out  of  the  dead-lock,  it  will 
be  the  province  of  other  sketches  to  detail. 
At  present,  our  concern  is  with  Mr.  Cartier 
alone.  To  those  who  can  remember  the 
political  events  of  1863  and  1865,  it  is  need- 
less to  say  that  Mr.  Cartier  succeeded  in 
forcing  the  scheme  of  Confederation  on 
Lower  Canada.  He  had  managed  to  array 
on  his  side,  amongst  other  influences,  those 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  Against  a 
scheme  thus  supported  the  efforts  of  the 
Liberals  were  directed  in  vain.  The  cry  of 
Confederation  swept  Lower  Canada  like  a 
hurricane.  Under  the  new  system  of  Con- 
JJ 


federation,  Mr.  Cartier  was,  on  the  ]  8th  of 
July,  1867,  appointed  minister  of  defence 
for  the  Dominion.  In  August,  1868,  he 
was  created  a  baronet  of  the  United  King- 
dom. He  represented  Montreal  East  in  the 
Quebec  Legislature  from  the  union  until 
the  general  election  of  1871,  when  he  was 
chosen  as  member  for  Beauharnois.  He 
remained  in  the  local  parliament  until  the 
abolition  of  dual  representation.  To  his 
credit  be  it  said  that  the  majority  of  the 
British  population  of  Lower  Canada  looked 
up  to  him,  when  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Quebec  Assembly,  as  their  special  champion. 
This  they  did,  to  the  setting  aside  of  the 
timid  and  trimming  representatives  of  their 
own  nationality.  It  must  be  admitted  that, 
from  the  era  of  Confederation,  the  political 
stature  of  Sir  George  Cartier  began  to  grow 
less.  Larger  interests  than  those  of  Lower 
Canada  usurped  the  public  attention.  His 
province  had  no  grivances  to  bring  into  the 
Confederation.  He  was  still  her  foremost 
man,  but  she  needed  him  no  longer  as  her 
champion.  In  the  general  election  of  1872 
he  suffered  the  mortification  of  defeat  in 
Montreal  East.  He  sought  political  shelter 
in  the  distant  Manitoba  county  of  Proven- 
cher,  a  region  wherein  he  had  never  set 
foot.  He  was  in  England  when,  in  1873, 
the  Pacific  Scandal  burst,  like  a  thunder- 
clap, upon  the  people  of  Canada.  That  Sir 
George  was  deeply  implicated  in  the  de- 
grad  ng  bargain  was  only  too  clear.  He 
died  in  England,  on  the  20th  of  May,  1873. 
On  the  13th  of  June  following,  his  remains 
were  accorded,  in  Montreal,  the  honor  of  a 
public  funeral.  Men  of  all  ranks  and  nation- 
alities made  up  the  multitudes  who  escorted 
his  remains  to  their  last  resting-place,  in 
the  cemetery  on  the  Montreal  mountain. 

Brown,  William.— This  gentleman, 
in  conjunction  with  Thomas  Gilmore,  started 
the  first  printing  press  in  Canada,  Nothing 
is  known  of  them  beyond  that  they  came 
from  Philadelphia  to  Quebec,  in  1763,  hav- 
ing formed  the  idea  of  starting  newspapers 
in  Canada  ;  that  immeasurable  difficulties 
beset  them  in  their  arduous  undertaking, 
not  the  least  of  which  was  that  Mr.  Brown 
had  to  proceed  to  England  to  procure  the 
proper  materials,  such  as  press,  ink  and 
paper,  before  he  could  issue  his  first  broad- 
sheet. On  his  return  he  opened  his  print- 
ing office,  and  on  the  21st  of  June,  1764, 
brought  out  the  first  number  of  the  Quebec 
Gazette.  He  had  only  one  hundred  and 
fifty  subscribers,  but,  nevertheless,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  introducing  "a  new  and  potent 
element  of  civilization." 


578 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Cook,  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Que- 
bec, for  many  years  minister  of  St.  Andrew's 
Church,  of  that  city,  but  now  retired,  was 
born  in  Sanquhar,  Dumfriesshire,  Scotland, 
on  the  13th  April,  1805,  and  educated  at 
the  universities  of  Glasgow  and  Edinburgh, 
where  he  studied  under  Dr.  Chalmers.  Dr. 
Cook  was  ordained  a  clergyman  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland  in  1835,  and  came  to 
Canada  in  1836.  He  has  ever  since  taken  a 
prominent  part,  first  in  the  affairs  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  Canada  in  connection 
with  the  Church  of  Scotland,  and  since  the 
general  union  of  Presbyterians,  in  1875,  in 
those  of  the  United  Church.  In  1844,  when 
those  who  sympathised  with  the  secession 
from  the  church  in  Scotland  withdrew  from 
the  Canadian  church  in  connection  with  the 
Scottish  establishment,  Dr.  Cook  was,  for 
the  second  time,  after  the  departure  of  the 
Free  Church  party,  elected  moderator  of 
the  Synod.  He  opposed  the  division  of  the 
Canadian  church,  maintaining  that,  without 
regard  to  the  divisions  in  Scotland,  it  was 
the  duty  of  Canadian  Presbyterians  to  re- 
main united  in  upholding  the  general  in- 
terests of  Presbyterians  in  Canada.  While 
steadily  laboring  to  promote  the  extension 
of  the  old  branch  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  Dr.  Cook  remained  consistent  to 
his  opinions  of  1844,  and  at  the  Synod  of 
1861  proposed  a  resolution,  the  effect  of 
which  was  to  promote  the  union  of  all  the 
Presbyterians  of  the  province.  At  the  time 
this  failed,  but  in  1875  the  union  so  mani- 
festly desirable,  though  long  retarded  by 
mutual  prejudices,  was  brought  about,  and 
by  the  general  sense  of  the  united  church, 
and  in  recognition  of  his  exertions  to  restore 
union,  Dr.  Cook  was  chosen  first  moderator 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  the  Dominion. 
In  connection  with  the  church,  Dr.  Cook 
was  one  of  the  delegates  sent  home  to  ob- 
tain a  Eoyal  charter  for  the  University  of 
Queen's  College,  Kingston,  of  which  he  was 
long  a  trustee,  and  over  which  he  presided 
as  principal  in  1857  and  1858.  In  1855, 
when  the  clergy  of  the  Church  of  Scotland 
in  the  province,  sacrificing  their  own  in- 
tetests  for  the  benefit  of  the  church,  created 
with  the  proceeds  of  their  allowances  a  gen- 
eral endowment  fund,  Dr.  Cook  acted  for 
his  brethren,  and  it  was  through  him  that 
the  commutation  with  the  government  was 
effected.  Both  before  and  since  the  union, 
Dr.  Cook's  great  ability  and  energy  have 
enabled  him  to  render  the  greatest  services 


to  the  church.  He  has  had  a  large  share  in 
all  branches  of  church  work,  and  no  clergy- 
man is  better  known  or  more  respected 
throughout  the  dominion.  In  1875,  Dr. 
Cook  was  the  spokesman  of  a  delegation 
from  Canada  to  the  General  Assembly  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland,  which  sought  and 
obtained  the  approval  of  the  mother  church 
to  the  then  contemplated  union.  "While 
zealously  laboring  in  ecclesiastical  matters, 
Dr.  Cook  has  been  a  useful  and  public- 
spirited  citizen  of  Quebec,  taking  part,  not 
only  in  purely  religious  affairs,  but  in  many 
others  of  a  public  nature.  In  1845,  mem- 
orable in  the  history  of  Quebec  for  the  two 
great  fires  by  which  the  suburb  of  St. 
Koch  and  the  suburb  of  St.  John  were  con- 
sumed, Dr.  Cook,  as  a  member  of  the  relief 
committee,  took  ah  active  part  in  the  aid 
of  the  sufferers,  and  the  masterly  defence 
of  the  committee  at  the  close  of  its  labors, 
in  answer  to  the  charges  of  the  London 
committee,  was  from  his  pen.  In  1866t 
when  St.  Koch  and  St.  Sauveur  suburbs 
were  again  swept  by  another  disastrous 
fire,  his  experience  was  found  very  valuable, 
and  he  gave  it  freely,  together  with  active 
assistance  in  promoting  relief  measures.  At 
many  public  meetings  he  has  eloquently  ad- 
vocated what  he  deemed  to  be  for  the  pub- 
lic good.  But  it  is  perhaps  in  the  matter  of 
education  that  Dr.  Cook  has  been  most  use- 
ful in  Quebec.  The  High  School,  justly  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  best  schools  in  the 
country,  was  established  mainly  through 
his  exertions  in  1843,  and  for  many  years, 
as  chairman  of  the  board  of  directors,  he 
took  a  warm  interest  in  its  struggles  and 
its  success.  Dr.  Cook  was  named  by  the 
late  Dr.  Morin  as  principal  of  the  college 
then  about  to  be  established  in  Quebec  with 
the  funds  given  by  him  for  that  purpose, 
and  since  1861  Dr.  Cook  has  rilled,  as  he  still 
does,  the  office  of  principal.  In  1880,  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by 
Queen's  University,  Kingston;  that  of  D.D. 
he  holds  from  the  University  of  Glasgow.  In 
1883  Dr.  Cook  retired  from  the  active  duties 
of  the  ministry,  amid  the  hearty  regrets  of 
his  beloved  congregation.  Dr.  Cook's 
preaching  accords  with  the  straightfor- 
ward energy  of  his  character.  His  sermons 
are  distinguished  by  close  adherence  to 
the  special  point  under  consideration,  by 
logical  precision  and  practical  earnestness. 
They  contain  many  passages  marked  by 
beauty,  as  well  as  power.  A  volume  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


579 


them  has  been  lately  published,  which  has 
been  reviewed  in  a  very  favorable  light  by 
both  the  secular  and  religious  press.  We 
extract  the  following  from  a  review  in  the 
Halifax  Presbyterian  Witness: — 

These  doctrinal  treatises  give  us  a  glimpse  of 
the  teaching  which  has  ministered  to  the  people 
of  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Quebec,  for  a  long  period. 
They  bring  up  before  our  minds  many  a  quiet 
Sabbath,  and  many  a  solemn  and  impressive  ser- 
vice in  that  old  historic  town.  These  addresses, 
replete  with  true  and  unpretending  eloquence, 
nmst  have  been  listened  to  with  the  breathless 
attention  and  stillness  of  beating  hearts.  These 
are  evangelical  inasmuch  as  they  give  promin- 
ence to  the  great  facts  and  dogmas  of  Christian- 
ity. Not  to  present  these  in  their  proper  place, 
connexion  and  views,  is  not  to  present  the  divine 
remedy  for  man's  spiritual  disorders,  but  some- 
thing else.  They  do  not  present  the  gospel  as 
if  it  were  a  system  of  ethics  merely,  or  even  a 
scheme  of  moral  duties.  They  do  not  ignore  the 
fact  of  sin  or  the  need  of  regeneration  in  order  to 
holy  obedience.  But  they  are  also  evangelical  in 
this  higher  sense,  that,  while  they  build  upon 
evangelical  fact  and  evangelical  dogma,  and  as- 
sume that  the  teachings  of  Christ  and  the 
Apostles  are  divine,  they  do  not  merely  reiter- 
ate, but  explain,  defend,  illustrate  and  enforce 
these  evangelical  elements.  There  is  throughout 
an  endeavor  to  show  the  reasonableness  of  gospel 
truth — its  internal  harmony— its  conformableness 
to  the  fitness  of  things,  and  its  agreement  with 
the  natural  impressions  of  the  human  mind  and 
the  demands  of  the  moral  sense  In  this  respect 
these  .sermons  are  like  those  of  Vinet,  F.  W. 
Robertson,  and  the  great  preachers  of  the  seven- 
teenth and  eighteenth  centuries,  and  they  are  as 
able  and  eloquent.  Dr.  Cook's  discourses  are  es- 
pecially adapted  for  cultivated  readers.  By  such 
a  class  they  cannot  fail  to  be  greatly  appreciated. 
They  are  calm  and  elevating  treatises  upon  great 
gospel  themes.  The  preacher  has  utterly  dis- 
carded the  traditional  sermon  mould.  Un- 
shackled by  pulpit  traditions,  he  handles  each 
subject  with  the  skill  of  a  great  orator  and  teacher. 
The  language  is  impressive,  and  the  metaphors 
and  illustrations  are  appropriate.  His  starting- 
points  are  skilfully  chosen,  and  from  these  he 
advances,  gradually  opening  up  his  subject,  so 
that  it  becomes  more  and  more  luminous  to  the 
close.  Whatever  the  subject  be,  it  is  made  to 
appear  reasonable  and  accordant  with  those  prin- 
ciples upon  which  men  reason  and  act  in  common 
life.  Sometimes  he  states  and  accentuates  an 
apparent  incongruity  in  morals  or  religion,  and 
the  discourse  is  then  devoted  to  its  solution.  It 
is  to  be  hoped  that  many  persons,  and  especially 
many  ministers,  may  be  induced  to  read  dis- 
courses so  full  of  instruction,  so  admirable  as 
models  of  pulpit  teaching,  and  so  interesting  as  a 
memorial  of  the  pulpit  of  St.  Andrew's  Church, 
Quebec,  and  its  noble  and  venerable  occupant  for 
so  many  long  and  eventful  years. 
Dr.  Cook  has  a  family  of  five  surviving  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  are  now  grown  up  to 
man's  and  woman's  estate.  One  of  his 
daughters  is  the  wife  of  Andrew  Thomson, 
of  Quebec,  president  of  the  Union  Bank,  of 


that  city.  Two  of  his  sons — William  and 
Archibald  Cook — are  eminent  members  of 
the  Quebec  bar,  in  large  practice,  and  the 
former  is  a  Q.C.  His  youngest  daughter 
is  the  wife  of  Edward  Greenshields,  a  mer- 
chant in  Montreal,  and  a  director  of  the 
Montreal  Bank. 

JHacclonald,  Hon.  John,  Toronto, 
Senator  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  is  one 
of  the  most  enterprizing  and  successful  of 
the  merchants  Canada  is  proud  of.  He  is 
a  Scotchman  by  birth,  having  been  born 
in  Perthshire,  in  December,  1824,  and  when 
a  mere  lad  came  to  this  country.  He  re- 
ceived his  educational  training,  first  at  the 
Eegimental  School  of  the  93rd  Sutherland 
Highlanders,  in  which  regiment  his  father 
served;  subsequently  at  Dalhousie  College, 
Halifax,  and  then  at  the  Bay  street  Academy, 
Toronto,  which  at  that  time  was  conducted 
by  the  late  Mr.  Boyd,  father  of  Chancellor 
Boyd,  of  Ontario.  In  this  academy  our  fu- 
ture senator  had  the  hoilor  of  winning  the 
medal  for  classics.  After  leaving  school,  he 
chose  the  mercantile  profession,  and  leaving 
Toronto,  entered  the  employ  of  C.  &  J.  Mac- 
donald,  general  merchants  at  Gananoque, 
where  he  served  for  two  years.  Returning  to 
Toronto,  he  took  a  position  in  the  mercantile 
house  of  the  late  Walter  McFarlane,  on  King 
street  east,  who  at  that  time  was  doing  per- 
haps the  largest  business  in  Upper  Canada. 
After  working  in  this  establishment  for 
about  six  years,  he  was  compelled,  through 
failing  health,  to  give  up  his  situation,  and 
seek  change  of  climate.  With  this  end  in 
view,  he  sailed  for  Jamaica  in  1847,  and, 
after  resting  for  a  short  time,  entered  the 
mercantile  house  of  Nethersoll  &  Co.,  the 
largest  on  the  island.  Here  Mr.  Macdon- 
ald  remained  for  somewhat  less  than  a  year, 
when  he  returned  to  Toronto.  In  1849  he 
commenced  business  on  his  own  account,  in  a 
shop  on  Yonge  street,  near  Richmond  street, 
and  made  the  then  bold  attempt  to  estab- 
lish there  an  exclusively  dry  goods  business. 
The  venture  having  proved  a  success,  in 
1853  he  moved  to  larger  premises  on  Wel- 
lington street,  not  far  from  his  present  ware- 
house, and  here  was  laid  the  foundation  of 
the  present  large  wholesale  importing  house 
of  John  Macdonald  &  Co.  After  a  period 
of  nine  years  of  successful  business  in  this 
warehouse,  Mr.  Macdonald  removed  to  lar- 
ger and  handsomer  premises  on  the  south 
side  of  Wellington  street,  which  after  a  while 
proved  too  small  for  his  ever-increasing 


580 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


business,  and  a  few  years  ago  he  was  com- 
pelled to  enlarge  these  premises,  which  he 
did  by  adding  another  pile  of  buildings, 
which  now  occupies  the  ground  formerly 
covered  by  the  North  American  Hotel  and 
the  Newbigging  House  on  Front  street. 
These  premises  were  bought  at  a  great  out- 
lay of  capital.  They  have  a  frontage  of  100 
feet,  with  140  feet  in  depth,  and  are  six 
stories  high.  About  one  hundred  men  are 
employed,  including  the  buyers  in  the  Brit- 
ish and  American  markets,  and  the  estab- 
lishment is,  without  doubt,  the  largest  of 
its  kind  in  Canada,  and  will  compare  favor- 
ably with  any  of  the  wholesale  houses  in 
the  largest  cities  in  the  United  States.  Mr. 
Macdonald,  realizing  the  idea  that  the  world 
had  claims  upon  him  outside  his  warehouse, 
entered  public  life  as  member  for  West  To- 
ronto, in  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Can- 
ada. His  opponent  on  this  occasion  for 
parliamentary  honors  was  the  Hon.  John 
Beverley  Robinson,  late  lieutenant-governor 
of  Ontario,  whom  he  defeated  by  a  majority 
of  462  votes,  and  then  sat  in  parliament  un- 
til confederation  was  accomplished.  At  the 
next  general  election  he  was  defeated  for 
the  House  of  Commons  by  the  late  Robert 
Harrison,  who  afterwards  became  chief  jus- 
tice of  Ontario.  In  1875,  a  vacancy  having 
occurred  in  Centre  Toronto,  a  constituency 
established  in  1872,  Mr.  Macdonald  was 
invited  to  become  a  candidate,  and  having 
consented,  he  was  returned  by  acclamation. 
In  1878,  however,  when  the  national  policy 
cry  was  raised,  and  people  imagined  they 
could  be  made  rich  by  Act  of  Parliament, 
Mr.  Macdonald  was  defeated  by  Robert 
Hay,  by  a  majority  of  490  votes.  In  poli- 
tics Mr.  Macdonald  has  always  been  what 
may  be  styled  an  independent  Liberal,  dis- 
carding party  views  when  they  seemed  to 
trammel  his  settled  convictions.  He  op- 
posed the  coalition  of  1864,  and  voted 
against  the  confederation  of  the  provinces. 
This  attitude  towards  party,  when  its  claims 
conflicted  with  duty,  he  clearly  defined  in 
his  reply  to  a  request  asking  him  to  be  a 
candidate  in  1875.  He  promised  to  give 
the  government  a  cheerful  support,  but  de- 
clined to  promise  more;  and,  to  the  credit 
of  the  requisitionists,  they  conceded  to  him 
ii  advance  a  perfect  freedom  of  judgment 
in  deciding  upon  all  questions.  Mr.  Mac- 
donald takes  a  deep  interest  in  all  public 
questions,  and  is  never  afraid  to  speak  out 
boldly  when  the  occasion  demands  it.  Dur- 


ing the  exciting  debates  that  took  place  in 
the  Board  of  Trade  during  the  fall  of  1887, 
on  the  question  of  commercial  union  with 
the  United  States,  he  was  present,  and  made 
his  voice  to  be  heard.  Indeed,  he  has  the 
honor  of  being  the  author  of  the  resolution 
which  carried,  and  was  the  means  of  allay- 
ing the  political  feeling  that  was  beginning 
to  show  itself  in  that  important  body.  The 
resolution  alluded  to  was  as  follows : — 

That  this  Board  desires  to  place  on  record  the 
conviction  that  the  largest  possible  freedom  of 
commercial  intercourse  between  our  own  country 
and  the  United  States,  compatible  with  our  rela- 
tion to  Great  Britain,  is  desirable. 

That  this  Board  will  do  everything  in  its  power 
to  bring  about  the  consummation  of  such  a  result. 

That  in  its  estimation  a  treaty  which  ignored 
any  of  the  interests  of  our  own  country  or  which 
gave  undue  prominence  to  any  one  to  the  neglect 
or  to  the  injury  of  any  other,  is  one  that  could  not 
be  entertained. 

That  IQ  our  agricultural,  mineral,  manufactur- 
ing, and  our  diversified  mercantile  interests,  in  our 
fisheries,  forests,  and  other  products,  we  possess 
in  a  rare  and  in  an  extraordinary  degree  all  the 
elements  which  po  to  make  a  people  great,  pros- 
perous and  self-reliant. 

That  these  are  fitting  inducements  to  any  nation 
to  render  reciprocity  with  Canada  a  thing  to  be 
desired,  and  such  as  should  secure  for  us  a  recip- 
rocal treaty  with  the  United  States  of  the  broad- 
est and  most  generous  character  which,  while 
lully  recognising  these  conditions,  would  contain 
guarantees  which  would  prove  of  mutual  and 
abiding  advantage  to  both  nations  ;  but  that  this 
Board  cannot  entertain  any  proposal  which  would 
place  Great  Britain  at  any  disadvantage  as  com- 
pared with  the  United  States,  or  which  would  tend 
in  any  measure,  however  small,  to  weaken  the 
bonds  which  bind  us  to  the  Empire. 

Education  has  claimed  some  of  Mr.  Mac- 
donald's  time,  and  for  some  years  he  has  been 
a  senator'of  the  Provincial  University,  Toron- 
to, a  visitor  of  Victoria  College,  Cobourg,  and 
a  member  of  the  High  School  Board.  In 
all  religious  and  moral  movements  he  has 
lent  his  aid,  and  is  always  ready  to  help 
everything  calculated  to  elevate  humanity, 
by  tongue,  pen  and  purse.  Mr.  Macdonald 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church,  and 
had  it  not  been  that  his  health  failed  him 
when  a  young  man,  and  on  the  advice  of  his 
physician,  he  would  have  studied  for  the 
ministry,  and  to  this  church  he  has  for  many 
years  devoted  much  time  and  talents.  He 
has  long  been  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  its  General  Conference,  and 
treasurer  of  the  Missionary  Society.  Out- 
side of  his  own  denomination  he  has  taken 
a  conspicuous  part  in  the  work  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Alliance,  the  Bible  Society,  the  Tem- 
perance reform,  the  General  Hospital,  and 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


581 


the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  and 
has  been  twice  elected  president  at  the 
united  convention  of  Ontario  and  Quebec. 
Mr.  Macdonald  has  been  a  director  in  seve- 
ral business  companies,  and  was,  at  the  last 
annual  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  elect- 
ed a  member  of  its  executive  council.  In 
1887  he  made  the  handsome  donation  of 
$40,000  towards  the  erection  of  a  new  city 
hospital,  as  a  memorial  of  his  daughter  Amy, 
who  during  her  lifetime  took  a  very  deep 
interest  in  this  kind  of  charity.  And  since 
then  he  has  also  donated  a  large  sum  of 
money  to  enable  his  church  to  carry  out  its 
scheme  of  establishing  a  university  in  To- 
ronto. Mr.  Macdonald  has  written  two 
very  interesting  brochures,  "  Business  Suc- 
cess," originally  a  lecture,  and  a  practical 
address  to  "  The  Young  Men  of  his  Ware- 
house," both  of  which  should  be  in  the  hands 
of  young  men.  In  November,  1887,  he 
was*  chosen  a  senator  of  the  Dominion,  a 
choice  which  reflects  great  credit  on  Sir 
John  A.  Macdonald,  and  which  has  been 
approved  of  by  all  political  parties.  Mr. 
Macdonald' s  career  is  a  striking  instance  of 
what  energy  and  perseverance,  combined 
with  integrity  and  uprightness,  may  accom- 
plish for  a  young  man  just  starting  upon 
life's  battle. 

Gouin,  Antoine  iVemcse,  Sorel,  Que- 
bec, was  born  on  February  25th,  1821,  in 
the  parish  of  Ste.  Anne  de  la  Parade,  Que- 
bec.    He  is  a  son  of  Charles  Gouin,  mer- 
chant,   and   Marguerite    Elizabeth   Richer 
Lafleche,  his  wife,  first  cousin  to  his  grace 
Bishop  Lafleche.     In  1825,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Gouin  removed  from  Ste.  Anne  to  Sorel, 
then  called  the  borough  of  William  Henry. 
The  subject   of  this   sketch   attended   the 
College   of  St.    Hyacinthe,   from  1832   to 
1839,  and  on  leaving  this  seminary  of  learn- 
ing entered  the  office  of  Cherrier  &  Mon- 
delet,  in  Montreal,  to  study  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  November,  1843.  He 
practised  his  profession  in  Montreal  for  two 
years,  when  he  removed  to  Sorel,  where  he 
has  resided  ever  since.  At  the  general  elec- 
tion  in   December,    1851,  he   was   elected 
member   of   parliament  for  the   county  of 
Richelieu,  as  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and 
as  such,  took  part  in  the  discussions  on  al 
the  leading  questions  of  the  day,  such  as 
the  clergy  reserves,   the  seignorial  tenure 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  etc.     On 
18th,  1858,  he  was  appointed  prothonotarj 
of  the  Superior  Court,  clerk  of  the  crown 


f  the  peace,  and  of  the  circuit  court,  in 
and  for  the  district  of  Richelieu,  which  office 
le  is  still  holding.  Mr.  Gouin  is  a  French 
Canadian  and  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  was 
narried  March  18th,  1863,  to  Adele  Cathe- 
ine  Penton,  daughter  of  Henry  Pen  ton,  sen., 
>f  Pentonville,  England,  and  of  Catherine 
Wordier  de  la  Houssaye,  a  French  lady. 
Mrs.  Gouin  was  born  in  Calais,  France,  on 
October  25th,  1825,  and  died  at  Sorel,  on 
'ebruary  19th,  1886,  leaving  two  daugh- 
ers  and  a  son — the  issue  of  her  first  mar- 
riage with  Assistant  Commissary-General 
~ames  Lane. 

Clinch,  Robert  Thomson,  St.  John, 
^.B.,  is  descended  from  an  old  Irish  family 
I   record    in  Ireland    since  the    time    of 
Edward  the  Second.     His  ancestors,  Peter 
and  Simon  Clinch,  took  an  active  part  on 
,he  Stuart  side,  in  the  troublous  times  of 
lames  the  Second  and  William  the  Third. 
3e  was  born  at  St.  George,  New  Bruns- 
wick, June  27th,  1827,  and  is  the  seventh 
son  of  Patrick  and   Eleanor  Clinch,   and 
grandson  of  Captain  Peter  Clinch,  who,  for 
special  services  rendered   the   British  gov- 
ernment during  the  American  revolution- 
ary war,  was  awarded  a  large  tract  of  land. 
Nearly  hah"  of  the  land  on  which  the  city  of 
St.  John  now  stands,   and  where   at  that 
ime  Captain  Clinch  resided,  was  ungranted. 
Taking  with  him  two  Indians,Captain  Clinch 
traversed  the  province  of  New  Brunswick, 
and  on  reaching  Charlotte  county  was  so 
struck  with  the  beauty  of  Magaguadavic 
Falls  that  he  resolved  to  select  his  land  grant 
in  this  neighborhood.    He  then  retired  from 
the  army,  and  became  the  first  settler,  and 
the  founder  of  the  town  of  St.  George.    This 
gentleman  represented  Charlotte  county  in 
the  first  House  of  Assembly  in  New  Bruns- 
wick, which  was  opened  in  St.  John,  Janu- 
ary 3rd,  1786,  by  Governor  Thomas  Carleton. 
His  son,  Robert  Clinch's  father,  also  repre- 
sented Charlotte  county  in  the  House  of  As- 
sembly, some  eight  or  ten  years,  and  was  a 
justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  and 
for  several  years  editor  of  the  Provincialist, 
a   newspaper,    published  in   St.    Andrews. 
Mr.   Clinch  has  been  connected  with   the 
telegraph  service  ever  since  its  introduc- 
tion into  New  Brunswick,  and  for  the  past 
twenty  years  has  been  superintendent  in 
the   provinces    of   Nova   Scotia   and   New 
Brunswick.    He  is  a  member  of  the  Church 
of  England,  and  has  been  four  times  elected 
representative    to    the    Provincial    Synod, 


582 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


and  in  1880  was  appointed  one  of  the  dele- 
gates from  the  Provincial  Synod  to  the 
convention  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  of  the  United  States,  then  assem- 
bled in  New  York.  Mr.  Clinch,  for  thirty- 
four  years,  has  been  an  active  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity.  In  1866  he  was  ap- 
pointed district  grand  master  by  the  late 
Earl  of  Zetland,  and  after  the  formation  of 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  Brunswick  was 
thrice  elected  grand  master.  He  is  now  the 
representative  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Eng- 
land to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  Brunswick, 
and  is  also  past  commander  of  the  Knights 
Templars  of  St.  John,  and  a  member  of  the 
supreme  council  of  the  33rd  Ancient  and 
Accepted  Scottish  Kite  for  the  Dominion  of 
Canada.  He  married  in  1860,  Henrietta, 
darghter  of  George  W.  Cleary,  barrister, 
who  died  April  3rd,  1862.  In  1866  he 
married  Helen  E.,  daughter  of  Thomas  Bar- 
low, a  member  of  the  old  late  house  of  E. 
Barlow  &  Sons. 

Baudouin,Philibert,  St.  John's, pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  was  born  at  Bepentigny, 
Quebec,  April  27th,  1836.  He  is  a  son  of 
Pierre  Baudouin  and  Margaret  Hetu,  his 
wife.  He  is  a  descendant  of  Jean  Baudouin, 
who  was  a  resident  of  Montreal  in  1663, 
and  whose  son,  Guillaume,  settled  at  Eepen- 
tigny,  on  the  estate  where  M.  Baudouin  was 
born,  and  which  has  been  in  the  family 
since  its  cession  by  the  seigneur  in  1698. 
The  family  name  of  Baudouin  is  derived 
from  the  language  of  old  Gaul,  and  is  the 
origin  of  the  name  Baldwin,  which  was  first 
spelled  Baudwin.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  educated  at  L'Assomption  College,  and 
took  a  full  classical  course.  He  is  a  notary 
public  for  the  province  of  Quebec,  and  in 
1858  resided  at  Coteau  Landing  ;  in  1860, 
at  Iberville;  from  1862  to  1873,  he  was 
county  clerk,  clerk  of  the  circuit  court,  etc., 
for  Iberville  county,  and  town  clerk  of  Iber- 
ville ;  from  1875  to  1877,  he  was  manager 
of  the  agency  of  the  Banque  de  St.  Jean, 
at  Farnham  ;  from  1877  to  1886,  cashier  of 
the  Banque  de  St.  Jean,  at  St.  John's  ;  and 
since  1886  he  has  been  manager  of  the 
agency  of  the  Banque  du  Peuple,  at  St. 
John's.  He  has  travelled  through  the  East- 
ern States,  and  was  one  of  the  many  thou- 
sands at  the  Philadelphia  exposition  of 
1876.  He  is  a  Koman  Catholic  in  religion. 
Mr.  Baudouin  is  a  total  abstainer  from 
liquor,  and  is  in  the  enjoyment  of  perfect 
health,  although  a  hard  brain-worker.  He 


was  married,  August  22nd,  1864,  to  Caro- 
line Annie  Marchand,  of  the  Marchand 
family,  long  established  in  St.  John's,  the 
most  prominent  of  which  now  are  the  Hon. 
F.  G.  Marchand,  M.P.P.,  speaker  of  the 
Quebec  legislature,  etc.,  and  Henri  March- 
and, prothonotary,  S.C.,  at  St.  John's  ;  and 
on  her  mother's  side,  a  granddaughter  of 
Isaac  Phineas,  long  agent  at  Maskinonge 
of  Seigneur  Pothier's  estate,  and  one  of  the 
English  Jews  who  settled  in  Canada  about 
a  century  ago. 

Lamarchc,  Felix  Oliver,  Mayor  of 
Berthierville,  province  of  Quebec,  was  born 
at  Montreal,  Quebec,  on  1st  December,  1837. 
He  is  the  son  of  Charles  Lamarche  and  Mar- 
guerite Tranque,  his  wife,  who  is  descended 
from  an  ancient  Norman  family,  who,  on 
leaving  the  old  land,  settled  in  Montreal. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  an  ele- 
mentary school  education  at  Berthier-en- 
haut.  In  1839  he  left  Montreal  for  that 
town,  and  has  resided  there  since.  He  was 
for  several  years  actively  engaged  in  the 
shipping  interest,  being  the  owner  of  seve- 
ral vessels,  and  for  nine  years  commanded 
a  vessel  sailing  on  the  St.  Lawrence  river. 
As  a  sailor,  he  was  on  several  trips  down 
the  gulf  to  St.  Johns,  N.F.;  Halifax,  N.S.; 
St.  John,  N.B. ;  LaBaie  des  Chaleurs,  P.E.I., 
etc.  For  the  past  sixteen  years  he  has  been 
in  the  hay  and  grain  business,  and  is  now 
one  of  the  largest  hay  shippers  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  having  nine  hay  barns  or 
sheds,  with  eleven  hay  presses,  employing 
fifty  men,  and  shipping  some  five  thousand 
tons  of  hay  annually  to  the  United  States 
and  local  markets.  He  is  president  of  the 
Compagnie  Industriel  of  Berthierville,  and 
of  the  bolt  manufactory ;  was  a  shareholder 
in  the  late  Stadacona  Insurance  Company; 
and  also  in  the  Union  Steam  Navigation 
Company.  In  politics,  he  is  a  strong  Con- 
servative, and  a  liberal  subscriber  to  its 
funds.  He  has  been  repeatedly  solicited  to 
allow  himself  to  be  brought  forward  as  a  can- 
didate in  the  Conservative  interest,  but  inva- 
riably refused.  He  was  also  offered  govern- 
ment positions,  but  would  not  accept  them 
in  view  of  his  business  connections,  and 
also  because  his  busy  life  could  not  stand 
the  restraint  such  a  position  would  place 
upon  him.  In  religion,  he  is  a  fervent 
Roman  Catholic.  He  has  been  married 
twice — first  to  Alphonsine  Ducharme,  on 
the  7th  November,  1858,  by  whom  he  had 
two  children.  This  lady  died  on  the  22nd 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


583 


August,  1861.  Again  to  Caroline  St.  Cyr, 
on  the  30th  August,  1875,  and  by  whom  he 
has  had  seven  children.  Of  the  nine  chil- 
dren, three  only  are  living. 

Bre§§c,  Hon.  Guillaume  (Wil- 
liam), Quebec,  is  the  leading  boot  and 
shoe  manufacturer  of  the  ancient  capital, 
and  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of 
the  province  of  Quebec.  An  admirable 
type  of  the  self-made  man,  Mr.  Bresse  has 
risen  from  obscurity  to  a  commanding  posi- 
tion of  industrial  eminence  and  affluence  by 
the  sheer  force  of  native  talent  and  enter- 
prise. With  no  other  educational  advan- 
tages than  those  afforded  by  the  parish 
school  of  St.  Athanase,  d'Iberville,  P.Q.,  at 
which  the  present  premier  of  the  province 
of  Quebec,  Hon.  A.  Mercier,  also  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education;  he  has  climb- 
ed the  ladder  of  fortune  until  he  now  stands 
on  the  topmost  rung  of  wealth  and  influence, 
while  still  a  comparatively  young  man.  But 
he  has  not  forgotten  that  he  was  once  a 
workingman  himself.  One  of  the  largest 
employers  of  labor  in  the  province  of  Que- 
bec, his  workmen  and  women  are  more  his 
friends  than  his  employees,  and  the  interest 
he  takes  in  their  comfort  and  welfare  is  alto- 
gether paternal.  Born  in  Chambly,  near 
Montreal,  he  is  now  in  the  fifty-third  year  of 
his  age.  His  parentage  was  humble,  but 
respectable.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  a 
typical  French-Canadian  habitant,  and  his 
mother  was  a  member  of  the  Rocheleau 
family,  of  Chambly.  His  uncle,  Major 
Bresse,  served  in  the  Canadian  militia  under 
De  Salaberry,  at  Chateauguay,  during  the 
war  of  1812,  and  was  the  Lower  Cana- 
dian hero's  most  trusted  lieutenant.  After 
receiving  such  education  as  the  school  of 
St.  Athanase  could  impart,  our  subject 
went  out  into  the  world  to  earn  his  own 
livelihood,  and  his  life  down  to  about  1863 
was  that  of  the  ordinary  workingman,  la- 
boring for  his  day's  wage  in  Montreal 
and  the  manufacturing  centres  of  the  New 
England  States.  During  his  sojourn  in 
the  latter,  he  formed  a  close  intimacy  with 
another  workingman  and  fellow  country- 
man, who  has  also  since  risen  to  wealth 
and  fame  in  his  native  province — Louis 
Cote,  the  great  boot  and  shoe  manufacturer 
of  St.  Hyacinthe,  P.Q.,  for  many  years  the 
popular  mayor  of  that  city,  and  now  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Dominion  Labor  Commission. 
The  two  young  French-Canadians  were  kin- 
dred spirits.  Both  were  of  an  observant 


turn  of  mind  and  actuated  by  a  laudable 
ambition  to  advance  themselves.  Happily, 
too,  for  themselves  and  their  native  pro- 
vince, they  were  both  gifted  with  more  than 
the  usual  pluck  and  enterprise  of  their  race. 
Noting  the  preference  given  to  their  coun- 
trymen as  factory  hands  in  the  United 
States,  on  account  of  their  peculiar  adapta- 
bility to  the  work,  their  orderly  character, 
and  their  contentment  with  moderate  earn- 
ings, they  quickly  came  to  the  conclusion 
that  if  the  French- Canadians  were  so  pro- 
fitable to  their  employers  abroad,  where  the 
cost  of  living  was  high,  they  would  be  much 
more  so  at  home.  They  accordingly  re- 
turned to  Canada  with  the  determination  to 
start  in  the  business  of  boot  and  shoe  man- 
ufacturing on  their  own  account.  The 
old  city  of  Quebec  seemed  to  offer  the 
most  favorable  field  for  their  undertaking. 
One  of  its  staple  industries,  shipbuild- 
ing, was  declining,  and  a  large  element  of 
the  local  population  were  out  of  employ- 
ment and  ready  to  embark  in  any  new 
branch  which  promised  steady  work.  The 
tanneries  of  Quebec,  already  famous  for  the 
abundance  and  excellence  of  their  leather, 
also  offered  the  attraction  of  a  cheap,  plen- 
tiful, and  convenient  supply  of  the  raw  ma- 
terial, and  altogether  the  situation  appeared 
exceedingly  propitious  to  make  a  bold  bid 
for  the  Canadian  trade.  But  the  two  young 
adventurers  were  without  means  or  friends 
to  help  them,  and  their  beginning  was,  con- 
sequently, on  a  very  small  and  humble 
scale.  By  the  merest  accident,  when  they 
reached  Point  Levis,  opposite  Quebec,  on 
their  return  from  the  United  States  in  the 
winter  of  1863,  they  met  Frangois  Lange- 
lier,  then  a  young  lawyer  returning,  after 
completing  his  studies  in  Europe,  and  now 
the  Hon.  Frangois  Langelier,  mayor  of  Que- 
bec and  member  of  the  House  of  Commons 
for  the  electoral  division  of  Quebec  Centre. 
While  being  convened  through  the  floating 
ice  of  the  St.  Lawrence  over  to  Quebec,  an 
acquaintanceship  was  formed  between  the 
three  young  men,  which  has  since  ripened  in- 
to a  warm  and  lasting  friendship,  personal 
and  political.  The  encounter  was  a  fortunate 
one  for  all  three.  To  Messrs.  Bresse  and 
Cot£  it  was  particularly  so,  for  a  few  days 
afterwards  a  reference  to  Mr.  Langelier 
enabled  them  to  secure  the  lease  of  a  build- 
ing in  St.  John's  suburbs,  on  favorable 
terms,  suited  to  their  purpose.  It  has  often 
been  asserted  that  the  Messrs.  Woodley 


584 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


were  the  pioneers  of  the  great  boot  and  shoe 
industry  of  Quebec  city,  but  such  is  not  the 
case.  The  Woodleys  did  not  start  in  it  un- 
til 1866,  or  three  years  after  the  firm  of 
Cote  &  Bresse,  who  began  manufacturing 
with  machinery  in  St.  George  street,  in  St. 
John's  suburbs,  in  the  spring  of  1863.  To 
these  two  enterprising  French-Canadians 
rightfully  belongs  the  credit  of  leading  the 
way  in  a  branch  of  trade  which  is  now  the 
most  important  of  Quebec,  and  furnishes 
a  means  of  support  to  a  larger  body  of  the 
population  even  than  the  lumber  trade. 
From  St.  George  street  they  removed  to 
Des  Fosses  street,  in  Quebec  East,  when  the 
partnership  was  dissolved,  Mr.  Cot£  going 
to  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  Mr."  Bresse  remaining 
in  Quebec  and  removing  to  St.  Paul  street. 
His  present  factory  and  palatial  residence  on 
Dorchester  street,  Quebec  East,  erected  in 
1871,  cover  an  entire  block,  and  the  factory 
itself  is  the  largest  and  finest  of  its  kind 
in  the  city.  It  gives  constant  employment 
to  an  average  of  four  hundred  hands,  male 
and  female,  and  the  quantity  of  boots  and 
shoes  it  turns  out  is  enormous,  while  their 
excellence  has  rendered  Mr.  Bresse's  name 
famous  all  over  the  Dominion.  From  New- 
foundland in  the  east  to  Vancouver  in  the 
west,  his  goods  find  a  ready  market,  and 
his  numerous  hands  are  kept  busy  all  the 
year  round  in  filling  orders.  In  addition, 
Mr.  Bresse  is  the  patentee  of  several  valuable 
labor-saving  machines  of  his  own  invention, 
and  owns  a  large  tannery  at  Arthabaska, 
several  farms  in  the  district  surrounding 
Quebec,  and  property  in  Winnipeg,  Mon- 
treal, and  elsewhere.  He  also  holds  a  con- 
trolling interest  in  the  St.  Hyacinthe  Water 
Works  Company,  of  which  he  is  a  director. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Senecal  Syndicate 
which  purchased  the  North  Shore  Railway 
from  the  provincial  government  of  Quebec, 
under  the  premiership  ff  Hon.  Mr.  Chap- 
leau,  the  present  Dominion  secretary  of 
state,  and  acted  as  administrator  of  that 
road  until  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company.  In 
fact,  there  are  but  few  local  undertakings, 
financial  or  industrial,  in  which  he  has  not 
been,  or  is  not  now,  concerned,  and  he 
may  be  truly  said  to  be  an  eminently  suc- 
cessful man.  As  a  citizen,  he  is  deservedly 
held  in  the  highest  respect,  and  his  fellow 
townsmen  some  years  ago  marked  their  con- 
fidence in  him  by  electing  him  as  one  of 
their  representatives  in  the  city  council  for 


Jacques  Cartier  ward.  He  sat  in  the  coun- 
cil for  one  term,  after  which  he  declined  re- 
election on  account  of  the  demands  of  his 
extensive  business  upon  his  time.  As  an 
employer  of  labor,  he  is  probably  one  of  the 
most  popular  in  Quebec,  having  a  genuine 
workingman's  sympathy  for  workingmen, 
and  treating  them  more  as  his  children  than 
his  servants.  In  politics,  Mr.  Bresse  has 
always  been  a  warm  and  consistent  Liberal, 
and  the  opposition  leader  in  the  Dominion 
parliament,  the  silver-tongued  Laurier,  has 
no  stronger  admirer  or  supporter  in  his  con- 
stituency of  Quebec  East.  Hon.  H.  Mer- 
cier,  the  present  premier  of  the  province,  is 
also  one  of  his  warmest  friends,  and  it  was 
by  his  government  that  Mr.  Bresse  was,  in 
December,  1887,  called  with  general  public 
approval  to  the  Legislative  Council  as  the 
representative  of  Les  Laurentides  division 
upon  the  resignation  of  Hon.  J.  E.  Gingras. 
On  that  occasion,  the  pleasant  relations  ex- 
isting between  him  and  his  employees  was 
marked  by  their  presentation  to  him  of  a 
congratulatory  address.  In  religion,  he  is 
a  Roman  Catholic,  like  the  great  majority 
of  his  fellow  countrymen.  He  is  unmarried. 
raoreau,  Right  Rev.  L.oui§  Ze- 
phirln,  Bishop  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  St.  Hya- 
cinthe, Quebec,  was  born  at  Becancourt, 
province  of  Quebec,  the  1st  of  April,  1824. 
His  father  was  Louis  Moreau,  farmer,  and 
his  mother,  Marie  Margaret  Champoux. 
He  followed  a  classical  course  of  study  at 
the  seminary  of  Nicolet,  from  1839  to  1844, 
and  taught  in  the  same  college  for  upwards 
of  two  years.  In  September,  1846,  he  went 
to  the  palace  of  the  Bishop  of  Montreal, 
where  he  was  ordained  a  priest  in  Decem- 
ber of  the  same  year.  From  1846  to  1852, 
he  remained  at  the  palace  in  the  capacity  of 
chaplain  to  the  cathedral,  and  assistant 
secretary  of  the  diocese.  On  the  2nd  of 
November,  1852,  he  left  Montreal  for  St. 
Hyacinthe,  as  secretary  to  the  first  bishop 
of  that  place,  Monseigneur  J.  C.  Prince. 
He  then  occupied  the  position  of  parish 
priest  and  vicar-general  of  the  diocese.  On 
the  19th  of  November,  1875,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  His  Holiness  Pope  Pius  the  IX. 
the  fourth  bishop  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  was 
consecrated  on  16th  January,  1876.  Since 
then  his  lordship  has  made  two  trips  to 
Rome  in  the  interest  of  his  diocese,  which 
is  comprised  of  120,000  Roman  Catholics, 
and  18,000  Protestants,  containing  seventy- 
six  churches,  one  hundred  and  sixty  priests, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


585 


two  seminaries,  three  colleges,  two  male 
communities,  five  communities  of  women, 
and  five  hospitals  in  charge  of  nuns.  The 
St.  Hyacinthe  Cathedral  is  one  of  the  finest 
edifices  in  the  Dominion,  and  it  is  owing  to 
Bishop  Moreau's  indefatigable  efforts  and 
energy  that  the  citizens  are  indebted  for  its 
erection,  as  well  as  for  the  establishment  of 
the  other  above-mentioned  institutions  of 
learning  and  benevolence. 

Stevens,  Hon.  Gardner  Green, 
Waterloo,  province  of  Quebec,  was  born  on 
13th  December,  1814,  at  Brompton,  Que- 
bec. His  father  was  born  at  Newfane, 
Windham  county,  Vermont,  and  his  grand- 
father, Lemuel  Stevens,  at  Petersham,  Wor- 
cester county,  Mass.  The  family  moved 
into  Canada  soon  after  the  close  of  the 
struggle  for  the  independence  of  the  colo- 
nies, they  being  strong  adherents  of  the 
British  crown.  His  mother  came  from 
Brookfield,  Vt.  His  father,  Gardner  Ste- 
vens, was  one  of  the  early  settlers  in  Bromp- 
ton, and  was,  in  his  day,  an  industrious, 
well-to-do  farmer,  and  a  prominent  citizen. 
He  met  with  an  accident  hi  1845,  when  sixty- 
three  years  of  age,  which  terminated  fatally. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  the  ordi- 
nary education  of  farmers'  sons  in  this 
locality  fifty  years  ago  ;  aided  his  father 
in  cultivating  the  soil  until  of  age  ;  then 
took  charge  of  a  farm,  mill,  and  store  at 
Waterville,  county  6f  Compton,  and  was 
thus  employed  for  ten  years,  when,  in 
March,  1851,  he  became  agent  for  the  Brit- 
ish American  Loan  Company,  taking  up 
his  residence  at  Waterloo,  and  he  has  since 
devoted  his  attention  almost  entirely  to  that 
agency.  Except  four  years  spent  at  Box- 
ton  Falls,  he  has  resided  there  for  thirty 
years,  holding  various  positions  of  trust  and 
honor,  both  at  Koxton  and  Waterloo.  While 
at  the  former  place,  he  was  municipal  coun- 
cillor and  mayor  of  the  town.  Here  he  has 
been  justice  of  the  peace  for  a  long  period; 
has  been  councillor,  mayor  of  the  township 
from  1870  to  1875  inclusive,  and  warden  of 
the  county.  While  warden  he  was  ex-offlcio 
a  director  of  the  South-Eastern  Railway. 
He  has  been  a  director,  and  is  now  pre- 
sident, of  the  Stanstead,  Shefford.  and 
Chambly  Railway,  of  which  [company  he 
was  the  first  treasurer.  He  is  one  of  those 
enterprising  men  who  like  to  have  a  hand 
in  any  movement  calculated  to  benefit  the 
country — its  material  interests,  or  for  the 
improvement  of  the  people.  Since  February 


19th,  1876,  he  has  represented  the  consti- 
tuency of  Bedford  in  the  Senate  of  the  Do- 
minion, taking  the  place  of  Hon.  Asa  B.  Fos- 
ter, who  resigned  that  year.  In  1847,  Sena- 
tor Stevens  married  Relief  Jane,  daughter  of 
Sidney  Spafford,  of  Compton,  and  has  issue 
five  children — three  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters. The  family  attend  the  Methodist 
church.  It  was  during  the  first  term  of 
Senator  Stevens'  service  in  the  mayor's 
chair  that  Prince  Arthur  visited  Waterloo, 
June  13,  1870,  and  he  had  the  honor  of 
presenting  an  address  to  His  Royal  High- 
ness. The  Chronicler  of  Shefford  thus 
speaks  of  our  subject:  "Mr.  Stevens  is  em- 
phatically a  self-made  man,  and  like  all 
men  of  his  class,  his  perceptive  faculties, 
sharpened  by  cultivation,  made  him  keenly 
cognizant  of  whatever  affects  his  own  inter- 
ests, or  anything  committed  to  his  trust.  A 
man  of  extensive  reading  and  retentive 
memory,  with  ready  powers  of  conversa- 
tion, he  is  eminently  qualified  to  amuse  or 
instruct.  Accustomed  to  habits  of  industry, 
he  appreciates  this  quality  in  others,  and 
while  he  is  ever  ready  to  assist  the  young 
man  who  is  bravely  fighting  the  battle  of 
life,  he  has  no  sympathy  for  one  who 
shrinks  from  hardships,  or  who,  with  every- 
thing in  his  favor,  makes  shipwreck  of  his 
possessions. 

Wood,  Rev.  Enoch,  D.D.  —  This 
reverend  gentleman,  who  died  at  Daven- 
port, Toronto,  on  the  31st  January,  1888, 
was  among  the  early  missionaries  sent  out 
to  America  from  the  old  country.  He  was 
born  in  Lincolnshire,  England,  in  1804,  and 
entered  the  service  of  the  Wesleyan  Mis- 
sionary Society  in  1825.  After  serving  for 
three  years  in  the  West  Indian  missions,  he 
was  transferred  to  the  province  of  New 
Brunswick,  where  he  labored  for  nineteen 
years.  At  the  close  of  this  term  of  service 
he  was  appoined  by  the  British  conference 
superintendent  of  missions  in  Canada,  when 
he  removed  his  residence  to  Toronto.  Dr. 
Wood  had  pastoral  charges  in  St.  John, 
N.B.,  in  1829,  1836,  1838,  1841,  and  1844, 
and  in  Fredericton  in  1846,  in  addition  to 
others  in  New  Brunswick.  Of  his  work  in 
that  province,  a  writer  says: — "  The  older 
Methodists  of  New  Brunswick  still  treasure 
the  memory  of  his  long  and  powerful  labors 
among  them  with  emotions  of  almost  filial 
gratitude,  and  recall  his  gentle,  lovable 
manner  and  character  with  ever  fresh  de- 
light." In  1874,  Dr.  Wood  came  to  To- 


586 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ronto  •  as  superintendent  of  missions,  and 
afterwards  as  missionary  secretary,  and 
continued  to  hold  that  office  while  he  was 
president  of  the  Wesleyan  Conference  for 
seven  years,  from  1851  to  1857.  He  was 
again  president  of  the  conference  in  1862. 
The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Victoria  University,  in  1860. 
He  was  elected  first  president  of  the  To- 
ronto Conference  in  1874,  after  the  union  of 
the  several  denominations  in  that  year.  He 
was  on  the  list  of  superannuated  ministers 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  Dr.  Wood  had 
been  suffering  for  several  years,  and  had 
been  confined  to  his  room,  but  he  bore  his 
illness  with  great  patience  and  Christian  re- 
signation. He  was  strongly  attached  to  the 
old-fashioned  Methodism,  and  was  a  con- 
servative with  regard  to  any  changes.  He 
was  a  man  of  great  tenderness,  and  of  a 
very  sympathetic  nature,  which  made  him 
a  very  impressive  preacher.  His  sermons 
were  suggestive  rather  than  exhaustive.  He 
possessed  a  very  considerable  amount  of 
administrative  ability,  and  presided  with 
dignity  over  the  conference  during  the  time 
he  was  president.  The  death  of  his  son-in- 
law,  Rev.  Dr.  Nelles,  some  months  ago,  gave 
him  a  great  shock,  which  doubtless  hastened 
his  end.  He  left  behind  him  a  daughter, 
the  widow  of  the  late  Eev.  Dr.  Nelles,  and 
two  sons,  John  and  B.  A.  Wood,  of  Toronto. 
Courtney,  Rev.  Dr..  Episcopal  Bis- 
hop of  Nova  Scotia,  is  a  native  of  Plymouth, 
England,  and  is  fifty  years  old.  He  was 
educated  in  part  at  Christ's  Hospital,  first 
at  the  preparatory  school  at  Hartford,  then 
the  Bluecoat  School  in  Newgate  street,  Lon- 
don. After  that  he  graduated  in  the  first 
class  from  King's  College,  London,  in  1863. 
He  was  curate  of  Hadlow,  near  Pembridge, 
Kent,  from  1864  to  1865  ;  incumbent  of 
Charles  Chapel,  now  St.  Luke's,  Plymouth, 
from  1865  to  1870;  incumbent  of  St.  Jude's, 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  from  1870  to  1876,  and 
assistant  minister  of  St.  Thomas'  Church, 
New  York,  of  which  Dr.  Morgan  is  rec- 
tor, from  1876  to  1880.  He  began  his 
labors  with  St.  James'  Church,  Chicago,  in 
1880,  and  remained  in  that  pastorate  until 
March,  1882,  when  he  removed  to  Boston. 
He  was  elected  Bishop  of  Nova  Scotia  in 
1888.  Dr.  Courtney  is  tall,  erect,  and  well 
formed.  He  has  greyish  blue  eyes.  His 
cast  of  mind  is  not  one-sided,  and  yet  it  is 
logical,  analytical,  and  acute,  rather  than 
emotional,  poetical,  or  imaginative.  In 


theology,  he  describes  himself  as  "  high, 
low,  and  broad."  It  is  sufficiently  evident, 
however,  that  he  has  no  doctrinal  sympathy 
with  ritualism,  and  that  he  is  decidedly 
evangelical  and  spiritual  in  his  views  of  the 
Christian  religion.  As  a  preacher,  Dr. 
Courtney  in  many  respects,  at  least,  has 
very  few  equals.  His  sermons  are  about 
thirty-five  minutes  in  length.  He  uses  no 
manuscript  or  notes,  and  yet  his  discourses 
have  a  rhetorical  finish  which  is  marvellous. 
In  a  whole  sermon  he  will  not  hesitate  for 
a  word,  or  use  one  infelicitously.  His  dic- 
tion is  not  floral,  but  copious  and  expressive, 
and  includes  a  fair  proportion  of  metaphor. 
His  illustrations  are  drawn  mostly  from 
Scripture,  and  he  seems  to  carry  the  very 
words  of  the  whole  Bible  on  his  tongue's 
end.  His  delivery  is  generally  calm  and 
deliberate,  but  occasionally  becomes  impas- 
sioned. His  enunciation  is  distinct,  and  his 
emphasis  always  correct. 

Aubrey,  Rev.  Francois  For  tun  at, 
Parish  Priest,  St.  John's,  Quebec,  was  born 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Lawrence,  near  Mont- 
real, in  July,  1830.  He  is  the  son  of  Hya- 
cinthe  Aubrey,  a  farmer,  and  Genevieve  Le- 
duc,  his  wife.  The  great-grandfather  of 
Hyacinthe  Aubrey  was  an  Irishman,  bora 
in  Ireland,  and  bearing  the  name  of  Cor- 
nelius O'Brennan.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  went  through  his  classical  course  of 
studies  in  the  College  of  Ste.  Therese, 
county  of  Terrebonne,  Quebec,  and  at  22 
years  of  age  entered  the  clerical  order,  and 
was  ordained  priest  in  September,  1855.  He 
was  professor  in  Ste.  Therese  college  from 
1852  to  1857,  teaching  rhetoric  and  natural 
sciences.  In  1857  he  was  curate  at  Lon- 
gueuil,  and  St.  John's,  Quebec  ;  in  1858-9 
he  was  missionary  at  Prince  Edward  Island, 
and  in  the  fall  of  1859  he  was  appointed 
parish  priest  at  Ste.  Marthe,  county  Vau- 
dreuil,  diocese  of  Montreal.  In  the  fall  of 
1862  he  was  called  by  the  late  Bishop  Joseph 
Larocque,  to  be  parish  priest  of  the  Cathe- 
dral of  the  city  of  St.  Hyacinthe  ;  but  in  the 
fall  of  1864  he  returned  to  Ste.  Marthe,  and 
remained  two  years.  In  the  fall  of  1866,  he 
was  called  to  succeed  as  parish  priest  of  St. 
John's,  the  late  Bishop  Charles  Larocque, 
who  had  been  appointed  Bishop  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe. He  established,  in  1868,  an  hospi- 
tal conducted  by  the  Grey  Nuns  of  Mont- 
real, and  the  same  year  had  the  Brothers  of 
the  Christian  schools  to  teach  the  young 
boys.  In  the  spring  of  1878,  he  left  for 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


587 


Europe,  where  he  spent  five  months,  visit- 
ing in  the  course  of  his  tour  the  chief  cities 
of  France,  Italy,  Belgium,  etc.  Father 
Aubrey  was  always  and  hopes  to  be  always 
a  devout  child  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church,  knowing  quite  well  that  the  Hoty 
Catholic  Roman  church  is  the  only  one 
founded  by  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ. 

Lcfelwre,  Joseph  Hubert,  Water- 
loo, province  of  Quebec,  was  born  March 
3rd,  1853,  at  Lawrenceville,  township  of 
Stukely,  county  of  Shefford,  Quebec.  He 
is  the  "eldest  son  of  Joseph  Lefebvre,  a 
notary  by  profession,  and  who  died  May 
llth,  1884.  This  family  came  from  France 
and  settled  in  Lower  Canada,  in  the  early 
part  of  the  17th  century.  His  mother, 
Eulalie  Boisvert,  was  a  resident  of  the  town- 
ship of  Stukely.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
received  an  excellent  education,  spending 
six  years  at  an  English  Academy  in  Knowl- 
ton  ;  then  taking  a  classical  course  at  St. 
Hyacinthe  College  ;  and  afterwards  a  busi- 
ness course  at  the  Montreal  branch  of  Bry- 
ant &  Stratton's  College.  In  1870,  he  was 
articled  to  his  father  as  a  law  student,  and 
was  admitted  as  a  notary  public,  his  com- 
mission being  dated  October  4th,  1877. 
From  1873  to  1876  he  was  in  the  lumber 
business  with  his  brother,  William  R.  Le- 
febvre, to  whom  he  sold  out  his  interest 
when  he  left  the  place.  On  being  admitted 
to  the  notarial  profession,  Mr.  Lefebvre 
practised  a  while  at  Granby,  and  in  May, 
1879,  settled  in  Waterloo,  where  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  business  of  Mr.  Brassard,  who 
had  a  large  practice  which  was  transferred 
to  the  hands  of  our  subject,  and  his  busi- 
ness consequently  was  brisk  from  the  start. 
He  was  secretary-treasurer  of  the  munici- 
palities of  the  village  of  Waterloo,  and 
township  of  Shefford,  and  of  the  schools  of 
the  village  of  Waterloo,  and  was  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  municipality  and  schools 
of  the  parish  of  St.  Joachim,  when  it  was 
erected  into  a  separate  municipality,  but 
he  only  held  that  position  for  a  short 
time  in  order  to  get  the  municipality  and 
school  board  into  working  order.  He  re- 
signed all  these  secretaryships  upon  being 
appointed  successor  to  his  late  father  as 
registrar  of  the  county  of  Shefford,  his 
commission  as  such  being  dated  November 
7th,  1884.  He  was  president  of  the  Board 
of  License  Commissioners  appointed  under 
the  License  Act  of  1883,  and  was  appointed 
revising  barrister  for  the  county  of  Shefford, 


under  a  commission  of  the  governor- gene- 
ral, dated  October  26th,  1885.  He  is  one 
of  the  promoters  of  the  Shefford  Agricultu- 
ral Park  Association,  was  instrumental  in 
getting  it  incorporated,  and  has  been  its 
secretary-treasurer  since  its  inception.  He 
is  largely  interested  in  real  estate,  having 
purchased  several  thousand  acres  in  the 
township  of  Minerve,  in  the  county  of  Otta- 
wa, which  he  is  now  colonizing.  He  was  a 
volunteer  in  the  frontier  corps  at  the  time 
of  the  Fenian  raid  in  1870  ;  and  was  gradu- 
ated at  the  Military  Academy  at  Montreal, 
in  1872.  He  is  a  Conservative  in  politics, 
and  has  taken  part  in  some  of  the  political 
campaigns  in  Shefford  and  Brome  counties ; 
but  is  not  a  bitter  partisan.  He  is  a  Roman 
Catholic  in  religion.  He  was  married  April 
10th,  1877,  to  Clara  Dorval,  a  daughter  of 
the  late  Cajetan  Dorval,  formerly  a  mer- 
chant and  postmaster  of  St.  Ce"saire,  and 
they  have  had  seven  children — six  of  whom 
are  living  and  one  is  dead. 

Howe,  Hon.  Joseph. — The  late  Hon. 
Mr.  Howe  was  born  at  the  North-west  Arm, 
about  two  miles  from  Halifax,  in  December, 
1804.  His  father  was  John  Howe,  a  U.  E. 
loyalist,  who  was  at  one  time  a  printer  in 
Boston,  but  who  subsequently  became  a 
writer  for  the  newspapers.  Young  Howe 
went  to  school  in  an  irregular  fashion  in 
Halifax,  and  picked  up  the  rudiments  of  a 
rough-and-ready  sort  of  education.  He  was 
of  a  rugged  frame,  had  an  exuberance  of 
animal  spirits,  and  was  fond  of  crag,  and 
forest,  and  hill.  He  had,  indeed,  those  who 
knew  him  say,  the  "  poetic  temperament," 
— though  it  must  be  confessed  that  he  did 
not  show  much  of  it  in  the  verses,  by  so 
many  called  poetry,  which  he  afterwards 
wrote.  In  1817  he  began  to  learn  the 
printing  business  at  the  Gazette  office,  Hali- 
fax. This  paper  was  owned  by  his  younger 
brother,  John.  He  served  out  his  full  ap- 
prenticeship, and  then  engaged  himself  in 
journeyman  printing  work.  While  learning 
his  trade  young  Howe  is  said  to  have  read 
voraciously  every  book  that  he  could  lay 
hands  upon.  He  also  published  in  the 
Gazette  a  lot  of  verses,  which,  however,  did 
not  amount  to  very  much  as  poetry.  "  One 
morning,"  says  a  Canadian  writer,  "  while 
taking  a  solitary  swim  in  the  Arm,  he  was 
seized  with  cramp  and  felt  himself  sinking. 
He  cast  an  agonized  look  round,  and  caught 
sight  of  the  dearly-loved  cottage  on  the 
hillside,  where  his  mother  was  just  placing 


588 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


a  lighted  candle  on  the  window-sill.     The 
thought  of  the  grief  which  would  oversha- 
dow that  woman's  heart  on  the  morrow  in- 
spired him  with  a  strength  to  give  a  last  de- 
spairing kick.  The  kick  dispelled  the  cramp, 
and,    hastily   swimming    ashore,    he   sank 
down  exhausted,  but  thankful  for  his  de- 
liverance.    It   was  long   before    he   could 
summon  courage  to  acquaint  his   parents 
with  the  circumstance."  Joseph  Howe  began 
a  newspaper  business  on  his  own  account, 
in  1827,  becoming  part  proprietor  of  the 
Weekly  Chronicle,  the  name  of  which  was 
afterwards  changed  to  that  of  the  Acadian. 
He,  however,  soon  sold  out  the  latter,  and 
purchased  the  Nova  ftcotian.  In  this  news- 
paper he  wrote  with  great  earnestness,  elo- 
quence, and  force.   His  style  was  pregnant, 
trenchant,    and   sometimes    overwhelming. 
Mr.  Howe's  celebrated  Legislative  Review 
began   to   appear  in    1830,   and   attracted 
wide  notice.    In  1835  he  published  an  arti- 
cle which  the  oligarchists  could  not  tole- 
rate, and  he  was  indicted  for  libel.  He  con- 
sulted various  lawyers.     "  There  can  be  no 
successful  defence  made  for  you,"  they  all 
said,  and  some  invited  him  to  make  a  hum- 
ble apology,  and  throw  himself  upon  the 
mercy  of  his  prosecutors.     He  borrowed  a 
lot  of  law  books,  read  all  he  could  find  on 
libel,  and  convinced  himself  that  the  learned 
men  of  the  law  were  wrong.  He  pleaded  his 
own  case,  and  his  heart  became  comforted,  as 
he  saw  among  the  jurors  an  old  man,  with 
tears  streaming  from  his  eyes.     The  jury 
returned  in  ten  minutes  with  a  verdict  of 
"not  guilty,"   and   the  lawyers  who  had 
said,   "  he  who  pleads  his  own  case  has  a 
fool  for  a  client,"  were  in  a  way  dumbfound- 
ed.    From  this  day  forward  Mr.  Howe  was 
a  noted  man.     In  ]  836  he  was  elected  to 
parliament  for  the  county  of  Halifax  ;  and 
two  years  later  he  travelled  through  Europe, 
in  company  with  Judge  Haliburton,  better 
known  as  "  Sam  Slick."    Mr.  Howe  return- 
ed in  1838,  and  plunged  into  public  work 
again.     Sir  Colin  Campbell,  the  iron-head- 
ed autocrat,  who  was  then  governor,  coulc 
not  understand  what  the   "  common  "  peo- 
ple meant  by  talking  about  their  "  rights,' 
and  with  him,  Mr.   Howe,  it  need  not  be 
said,  was  at  issue.     On  petition  of  the  pro 
vince,  Governor  Campbell  was  recalled,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Lord  Falkland,  a  son 
William  IV.,  by  Mrs.  Jordan.    After  a  time 
Falkland  became  a  cat's-paw  in  the  hands 
of  the  Tories,  and  provoked  fierce  hostilities 


:rom  the  Liberals,  at  the  head  of  whom  was 
Joseph  Howe.    In  1848  the  day  of  triumph 
came  for  the  Liberals.  Mr.  Mackie  was  called 
upon  to  form  a  government,  and  Mr.  Howe 
became  provincial  secretary.     In  1851  he 
retired  from  the  representation  of  Halifax  ; 
and  in  1863  he  became  premier,  in  the  place 
of  Mr.    Young,   who   was   elevated  to  the 
bench.     Since  the  entry  into  public  life  of 
Dr.    Tupper,  in   1855, "there   had  been   a 
steady,  often  a  furious,  hostility  between 
himself   and   Mr.    Howe.     The   strife   was 
greatest  between  them  on  the  question  of 
union,  to  which  Mr.  Howe  was  opposed. 
But  Dr.  Tupper  prevailed,  not  that  he  was 
a  greater  man  than  Mr.  Howe  ;  but  because 
luck  was  on  his  side — there  being  a  general 
movement  in  the  direction  of  union,   and 
the  Imperial  government  desired  the  mea- 
sure.   When  confederation  was  accomplish- 
ed the  now  almost  broken-down  veteran 
was  made  to  see,  by  Sir  J.  A.  Macdonald, 
that  he  could  be  loyal  to  his  province,  by 
accepting   the  inevitable,  and  making   the 
best  of  the  new  order  of  things.     Hence  he 
entered  the  Dominion  cabinet  in  1869    as 
president  of  the  council.    Ten  months  later 
he  became  secretary  of  state  for  the  provin- 
ces and  superintendent- general  of  Indian 
affairs.     His  health  was  now  all  the  while 
growing  feebler,  and  his  mental  retrogres- 
sion seemed  to  keep  pace  with  his  physical. 
In  1873  he  was  appointed  lieutenant- gover- 
nor of  Nova   Scotia  ;  but  he   died  a  few 
weeks   afterwards.     As  an  orator,   Joseph 
Howe  was  the  greatest  man  that  the  pro- 
vinces  which  compose  Canada   have  ever 
produced.     He  married,  in  1828,  Catharine 
Susan  Ann,  a  daughter  of  Captain   John 
McNab,  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Fencibles. 

Cote,  Loui*.  Manufacturer,  St.  Hya- 
cinthe.  St.  Hyacinthe  is  one  of  the  most 
nourishing  cities  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
and  probably  also  its  greatest  manufactur- 
ing centre.  Its  tanneries,  and  its  manufac- 
tories for  boots  and  shoes,  of  woollen  and 
knitted  goods,  of  machinery,  organs,  etc., 
are  not  only  numerous,  but  important  and 
thriving  establishments.  These  great  indus- 
tries impait  to  the  local  trade  an  extraordi- 
nary amount  of  activity,  which  is  further 
enhanced  by  the  well-known  fertility  of 
the  surrounding  agricultural  region,  and 
moreover,  provides  business  for  a  local  bank 
and  two  branch  banks,  in  addition  to  the 
business  of  the  same  kind  done  in  Montreal ' 
When  a  stranger  visits  this  pretty  little 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


589 


town,  be  is  always  struck  by  the  pervading 
air  of  ease,  progress,  and  prosperity.  Its 
buildings  are  noted  for  the  remarkable  taste 
shown  in  their  construction.  The  streets 
are  fine,  straight,  well  kept,  generally  lined 
with  handsome  shade  trees,  and,  after  dark, 
lit  with  the  electric  light.  Besides  the  mag- 
nificent promenade  provided  by  Girouard 
street,  there  are  also  those  of  the  Park, 
which  will  be  a  charming  spot  when  the 
plantations  of  trees,  made  within  a  few 
years  back,  shall  have  increased  in  growth. 
Altogether,  the  place  bears  the  stamp  of  ac- 
tivity, enterprise,  and  progress  in  every 
shape.  Although  founded  upwards  of  seven- 
ty-five years  ago,  it  is  only  about  twenty 
years  since  St.  Hyacinthe  entered  upon  its 
present  era  of  extraordinary  development. 
In  and  about  1860,  it  was  still  nothing  more 
than  a  big  country  village,  inhabited  by  a 
sleeping  population.  The  magnificent  water 
power  of  the  Yamaska  river  was  only  utilized 
to  run  two  grist  mills  and  a  rope  factory,  the 
remainder  of  the  water  running  to  waste, 
while  no  one  dreamt  of  making  use  of  it  for 
manufacturing  purposes  calculated  to  fur- 
nish employment  to  a  working  population 
steeped  in  want.  The  only  establishments 
which  gave  the  city  any  importance  were  its 
splendid  college  and  convents.  A  few  years 
before  this,  the  two  Cote  brothers,  in  partner- 
ship with  Guillaume  Bresse,  had  introduced 
into  Quebec  the  boot  and  shoe  industry, 
which  has  since  developed  to  such  an  ex- 
traordinary extent  in  that  city.  The 
Messrs.  Cote'  had  been  born  and  reared  in 
the  environs  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  their 
native  city  had  naturally  a  warm  place  in 
their  regard.  They  had  long  been  sensible 
of  the  adaptability  of  its  advantages  to 
manufacturing  industry,  and  only  an  occa- 
sion, some  happy  circumstance,  was  need- 
ed to  induce  them  to  turn  them  to  account. ' 
Mr.  Bourgeois,  now  judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  at  Three  Kivers,  was  then  a  practis- 
ing lawyer  at  St.  Hyacinthe,  where  he  wield- 
ed an  amount  of  influence  as  extensive  as  it 
was  well  deserved.  A  gentleman  of  broad 
and  patriotic  views,  sincerely  anxious  for 
the  progress  of  his  town,  he  believed  it  had 
all  the  requirements  of  a  manufacturing 
centre,  and,  as  the  cousin  and  intimate 
friend  of  Louis  Cote,  he  pressed  the 
point  upon  his  attention,  and  urged  him  to 
establish  himself  in  St.  Hyacinthe,  con- 
vinced that,  with  the  assistance  of  so  intelli- 
gent and  enterprising  a  man,  the  place 


could  not  fail  to  fulfil  its  manifest  destiny. 
The  proposition  was  favorably  entertained 
by  Louis  Cote*,  for  whom  Judge  Bour- 
geois also  found  a  partner  with  some  capi- 
tal in  the  person  of  Victor  Cote".  Leav- 
ing Mr.  Bresse  at  Quebec,  Louis  Cote 
removed  to  St.  Hyacinthe  in  1863,  and  in 
partnership  with  his  brother  George  and 
Victor  Cote,  he  opened  the  establish- 
ment which  marked  St.  Hyacinthe's  first 
step  towards  manufacturing  eminence.  The 
success  of  this  establishment,  now  one  of 
the  largest  in  the  country,  is  too  well 
known  to  be  dwelt  upon.  But  it  is  not 
alone  as  a  successful  business  man  that 
Louis  Cote  has  distinguished  himself.  He 
is  also  famous  as  an  inventor,  and  the  boot 
and  shoe  industry  is  indebted  to  his  in- 
genuity for  several  machines  which  have 
largely  contributed  to  its  development. 
Most  of  his  inventions  have,  in  fact,  be- 
come so  indispensable  to  the  trade  that  no 
one  dreams  at  present  of  manufacturing 
shoes  without  them  any  more  than  of  driv- 
ing nails  without  a  hammer.  Attempts  have 
been  made  to  infringe  his  patents,  and,  to 
vindicate  his  rights,  Mr.  Cote  had  even  to 
do  battle  for  them  before  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States,  but  he  won  his  case, 
and  to-day  his  machines  are  deservedly  re- 
garded as  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  perfection. 
His  inventions  are  now  in  use  all  over  in  the 
great  boot  and  shoe  factories  of  Canada, 
the  United  States,  England,  Germany,  and 
France.  It  will  be  easily  understood  that 
a  man  so  intelligent  and  enterprising  as  our 
subject  could  not  fail  to  exercise  a  marked 
influence  on  the  progress  of  the  city  which 
had  the  advantage  of  counting  him  among 
its  population,  and  the  still  more  direct  ad- 
vantage of  having  him  'as  its  mayor  dur- 
ing a  number  of  years.  In  concert  with 
Judge  Bourgeois,  who  was  also  for  many 
years  a  councillor  and  mayor  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe, he  always  favored  and  stimulated  in- 
dustrial progress,  or  the  encouragement  of 
promising  branches  of  manufacture.  His 
own  example,  his  prosperity,  and  the  ever 
increasing  success  of  his  own  establishment, 
were  the  means  by  which  St.  Hyacinthe  was 
raised  to  the  pinnacle  of  manufacturing  im- 
portance on  which  it  stands  to-day,  and  on 
which  it  rests  its  claim  to  the  dignity  of  the 
greatest  industrial  centre,  in  proportion  to 
population,  not  only  of  the  province  of 
Quebec,  but  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 
But  Mr.  Cote's  beneficial  influence  was  not 


590 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


alone  felt  in  the  commercial  and  industrial 
departments.  As  a  member  of  the  city 
council,  and  especially  as  mayor,  he  did 
much  towards  endowing  St.  Hyacinthe  with 
improvements  which  are  usually  found  only 
in  the  most  populous  and  advanced  cities. 
The  superb  waterworks  which  supplies  the 
city  and  protects  it  against  the  recurrence 
of  the  disastrous  conflagrations  which  rav- 
aged it  in  the  past,  was  built  by  a  company 
of  which  Mr.  Cote  was  the  initiator,  and  is 
the  principal  stockholder  and  president. 
In  the  work  of  reform  of  the  local  school 
system,  Mr.  Cote  labored  hand  in  hand  with 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Gravel,  then  parish  priest  of 
St.  Hyacinthe,  and  acting  bishop  of  Nicolet ; 
Jos.  Naud,  registrar;  Euclide  Richer,  sta- 
tioner; Charles  Ledoux,  and  Mr.  Chenet,  all 
of  whom  gave  in  the  matter  proof  of  a  zeal 
and  devotion  which  entitles  them  to  the 
lasting  gratitude  of  their  fellow  citizens.  He 
inspired,  and  was  to  a  large  extent  the  au- 
thor of  all  the  measures  adopted  to  make 
the  place  the  most  prosperous  and  attrac- 
tive manufacturing  centre,  not  only  in  the 
province  of  Quebec,  but  in  all  Canada,  out- 
side of  the  great  commercial  cities.  In  a 
word,  Mr.  Cote,  by  his  industry  and  exam- 
ple, made  St.  Hyacinthe.  The  brilliant  and 
fruitful  career  of  this  good  man  furnishes  a 
striking  illustration  of  what  can  be  done  by 
intelligence,  industry,  good  conduct,  and 
love  of  country.  He  started  out  in  life 
without  education  or  pecuniary  resource. 
After  learning  his  trade  in  the  United  States, 
he  returned  to  Montreal,  where  he  soon 
secured  a  position  as  foreman  in  one  of  the 
great  shoe  factories  of  that  city.  There 
he  devoted  all  his  leisure  time  to  study, 
and  saved  his  earnings  in  order  to  pro- 
cure for  himself  a  good  education.  He  fol- 
lowed the  courses  of  the  Jacques  Cartier 
Normal  School,  and,  thanks  to  the  kindly 
interest  taken  in  him  by  the  Abbe  Ver- 
rault,  principal  of  that  institution,  he  com- 
pleted his  studies  there,  and  left  it  with  that 
superior  education  in  which  so  many  of  our 

freat  manufacturers  and  mechanics  are  de- 
cient.  Since  then  he  has  continued  to  in- 
struct himself,  and  his  library  to-day  offers 
him  a  source  of  information  upon  which  he 
draws  abundantly.  The  money  which  he 
saved  by  his  self-denial  not  only  furnished 
him  with  education  but  with  a  small  capi- 
tal which  enabled  him  to  start  business  on 
his  own  account,  and  to  conquer  fortune. 
By  his  intelligence  and  good  conduct  he 


has  also  given  to  the  great  question  of  capi- 
tal and  labor  the  only  practical  solution  of 
which  it  is  susceptible — he  acquired  capital 
by  labor.  To-day  Mr.  Cote  is  one  of 
the  wealthiest  manufacturers  in  his  line. 
He  enjoys,  in  the  fullest  measure,  the  esteem 
and  gratitude  of  his  fellow  citizens,  and  is 
known  all  over  the  country  as  a  remarkable 
man.  Although  a  Liberal  in  politics,  the 
Federal  government  has  paid  homage  to 
his  merits  and  abilities,  by  appointing  him 
a  member  of  its  labor  commission,  and, 
thanks  to  his  intimate  acquaintanceship 
with  economic  questions,  his  experience 
and  practical  knowledge,  he  is  sure  to  make 
his  mark  in  that  connection  as  he  has  done 
in  all  others  in  the  past.  Louis  Cote  is  still 
a  comparatively  young  man,  being  only  in 
his  fiftieth  year,  so  that,  if  he  should  be  spar- 
ed, there  is  still  a  bright  career  of  usefulness 
before  him  for  the  good  of  his  native  city 
and  the  country  at  large.  In  religion,  he 
is  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  married,  in  1868, 
Louise,  daughter  of  Charles  Pigeon,  a  most 
charming  and  distinguished  lady;  he  has 
no  family. 

Ca§avant,  Joseph  Claver  &  Sam- 
uel, St.  Hyacinthe,  Quebec.  Joseph  was 
born  on  16th  September,  1855,  and  Samuel 
on  4th  April,  1859,  in  the  city  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe. These  two  gentlemen  compose  the 
firm  of  Casavant,  Freres,  organ  builders,  St 
Hyacinthe,  Quebec  province.  They  are  the 
sons  of  Joseph  Casavant,  who  died  the  9th 
March,  1874,  aged  67  years,  after  a  success- 
ful career  as  an  organ- builder,  in  the  course 
of  which  he  built  the  organs  for  Kingston 
and  Ottawa  Roman  Catholic  Cathedrals,  and 
many  others.  The  subjects  of  this  sketch 
were  educated  at  St.  Hyacinthe  college, 
and  after  leaving  this  seminary  of  learning 
they  were  entered  as  apprentices  with  a 
prominent  firm  of  organ  builders.  After 
acquiring  a  thorough  insight  into  the  de- 
tails of  the  business,  they  went  to  Europe 
in  1878  and  made  an  extensive  tour  of  Eng- 
land, Holland,  Belgium,  Germany,  Switzer- 
land, Italy  and  France,  the  primary  object 
of  their  travels  being  to  gain  an  idea  of  the 
more  recent  improvements  made  by  the 
more  prominent  organ  builders  in  the  coun- 
tries visited.  Returning  to  Canada  in  1880, 
they  entered  into  business  on  their  own  ac- 
count, and  have  built  many  organs  which 
testify  to  the  ability  of  the  builders,  and 
the  thoroughness  with  which  they  have 
grasped  every  detail  of  their  profession. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


591 


Among  the  best  specimens  of  their  work  are 
the  organs  in  the  St.  Hyacinthe  Roman 
Catholic  Cathedral,  Varennes  parish  church, 
Notre  Dame  de  Lourdres,  in  Montreal,  etc. 
Ever  on  the  watch  for  improvements,  and 
determined  to  have  a  knowledge  from  per- 
sonal investigation,  of  every  new  invention 
relating  to  their  business,  the  brothers,  in 
1886,  took  another  tour  through  the  princi- 
pal centres  in  Europe,  returning  by  way  of 
the  United  States.  In  the  course  of  this 
tour  they  obtained  many  valuable  hints 
which  they  have  turned  to  good  account  in 
their  latest  instruments.  They  are  now 
building  an  organ  for  Notre  Dame  French 
Church  in  Montreal,  which  will  contain 
eighty-five  sounding  stops  (one  hundred 
knobs),  and  is  estimated  to  cost  thirty 
thousand  dollars.  It  will  be  provided  with 
all  the  modern  improvements,  and  will  con- 
tain several  new  features  which  have  not 
yet  been  used  in  Canada,  the  most  import- 
ant being  that  of  electric  action.  This 
magnificent  organ  will  be  the  largest  in 
Canada,  and  will  be  a  credit  alike  to  the 
builders  and  to  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

Kim  aid,  Robert,  M.D.,  Peterboro', 
Ont.,  Surgeon-Major,  was  born  June  10th, 
1832,  in  the  county  Donegal,  Ireland.  He 
is  the  son  of  George  Kincaid,  and  Elizabeth 
Virtue,  his  wife,  daughter  of  George  Virtue, 
a  wealthy  mill  owner  of  Donegal.  She  was 
also  related  to  the  Virtues  of  the  great 
publishing  house,  London,  England.  Dr. 
Kiricaid,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  came  to 
Canada  in  1847,  and  received  his  education 
at  Queen's  University,  Kingston,  graduat- 
ing with  honors  in  1863.  He  has  been  the 
surgeon  of  the  57th  battalion,  Peterborough 
Bangers,  since  it  was  gazetted  in  1866,  and 
now~holds  the  rank  of  surgeon-major.  He 
entered  the  service  of  the  United  States  in 

1863,  and  served  until  the  termination  of  the 
war,  being  present  at  the  engagements  of 
the  Wilderness,  Mine  Run,  Coal  Harbor, 
Spottsylvania  Court  House  and  Petersburg. 
He  was   for  a  time  surgeon    in  charge  of 
Governor's  Island  Hospital,  at  the  foot  of 
Broadway,  N.Y.,  the  most  important  medi- 
cal office  in  the  gift  of  the  government  of 
the  United  States;  and  was  afterwards,  in 

1864,  transferred  to  Maine,  as  medical  direc- 
tor of  that  state,  with  headquarters  at  Port- 
land.    Upon  the  conclusion  of  the  war  he  re- 
turned to  Canada,  and  in  1865  settled  in 
Peterborough,  where  he  has  resided   ever 
since  and  built  one  of  the  largest  and  most 


important  practices  in  the  midland  dis- 
trict In  addition  to  his  medical  practice 
he  conducts  a  large  stock  farm  of  about 
400  acres  a  few  miles  from  town,  and  has 
been  prominently  identified  with  the  differ- 
ent agricultural  societies  for  some  years.  He 
has  been  surgeon  of  the  county  of  Peterbor- 
ough since  1867 ;  surgeon  to  the  corporation 
of  the  town  of  Peterborough  since  1868,  and 
he  still  holds  both  offices;  he  is  also  senior 
surgeon  of  the  Nicholls'  Hospital,  examining 
surgeon  for  the  Canada  Life,  North  Ameri- 
can Life,  Equitable  Life,  Federal  Life  and 
the  Manufacturers'  Life  Insurance  compa- 
nies. In  politics  he  has  been  a  life  long 
Conservative,  and  still  holds  the  same  views, 
although  at  the  last  Dominion  election  he 
warmly  supported  George  A.  Cox,  the  Re- 
form candidate,  on  strong  personal  grounds. 
In  1883,  upon  the  death  of  the  late  W.  H. 
Scott,  Q.C,  M.P.P.,  the  doctor  was  elected 
by  acclamation  to  represent  West  Peterbor- 
ough in  the  Ontario  legislature,  he  being 
the  only  man  in  the  riding  acceptable  to 
both  parties,  and  the  only  man  in  Canada 
who  was  ever  nominated  for  parliament  by 
both  political  parties  at  the  same  time.  At 
the  end  of  his  term,  he  declined  re-nomi- 
nation. Dr.  Kincaid  is  a  fluent  speaker. 
For  many  years  he  held  the  office  of  coroner 
for  the  town  and  county  of  Peterborough, 
and  in  that  capacity  conducted  many  im- 
portant inquests;  but  upon  his  election  to 
parliament  he  resigned  the  office,  and  has 
since  declined  re-appointment.  He  has  fre- 
quently been  asked  to  run  for  municipal  hon- 
ors, but  always  declined,  preferring  to  de- 
vote all  his  time  to  his  profession.  He  was 
chosen  to  the  Senate  of  Queen's  University 
in  1886.  For  many  years  he  was  promi- 
nently identified  with  the  Masonic  order, 
and  held  all  the  different  offices  until  he 
reached  the  high  position  of  district  deputy 
grand  master  of  Ontario  district.  He  was 
initiated  into  Masonry  in  1863,  in  St. 
Lawrence  lodge,  Montreal,  under  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  England.  The  doctor  has  travelled 
through  every  state  in  the  American  Union 
and  through  all  parts  of  the  Dominion. 
He  was  brought  up  in  the  faith  of  the 
Episcopal  Church,  and  was  confirmed  by 
John  Toronto.  He  is  still  in  sympathy 
with  the  doctrines  of  that  church,  but  being 
opposed  to  the  high  church  views  which 
prevail  hi  Peterborough,  he  does  not  attend 
the  services.  Has  attended  the  Presbyte- 
rian churches  here,  and  for  some  time  was 


592 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


chairman  cf  the  Board  of  Managers  of  St. 
Andrew's  Church,  but  left  that  body,  con- 
sequent upon  the  change  of  ministers, 
when  the  Rev.  D.  J.  Macdonnell  left  Peter- 
borough for  Toronto.  Dr.  Kincaid  was 
married  in  1865  to  Margaret  M.,  daughter 
of  James  Bell,  then  manager  of  the  Com- 
mercial Bank  of  Canada,  at  Perth,  now 
registrar  of  the  county  of  Lanark;  niece  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Bell,  of  Queen's  College;  niece 
of  Judge  Malloch,  of  Brockville,  and  cousin 
of  Prof.  Bell  of  the  Geological  Survey  of 
Canada.  The  union  has  been  blessed  with 
several  children,  one  girl  and  three  boys  of 
whom  are  now  living. 

Laurier,  Hon.  Wilfred,  B.C.L., 
Q.C.,  Quebec,  M.P.  for  Quebec1  East,  leader 
of  the  Liberal  party  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons at  Ottawa,  was  born  at  St.  Lin, 
L' Assomption,  Quebec  province,  on  the  24th 
November,  1841.  He  is  descended  from  a 
distinguished  French  family,  who  were 
among  the  first  to  settle  in  Canada.  His 
father  was  the  late  Carolus  Laurier,  who  in 
his  lifetime  was  a  provincial  land  surveyor. 
The  future  leader  of  the  Liberal  party  was 
educated  at  the  college  of  L' Assomption, 
and  having  finished  his  literary  course 
there,  he  was  entered  for  the  study  of  the 
law  in  the  office  of  the  Hon.  R.  Laflamme, 
Q.C.  Here  he  devoted  himself  diligently  to 
the  study  of  his  chosen  calling,  and  in  due 
time  was  called  to  the  bar  of  Lower  Canada. 
This  was  in  the  year  1865;  but  the  year 
previous  he  had  taken,  at  McGill  University, 
the  degree  of  B.C.L.  In  October,  1880,  he 
was  appointed  a  Queen's  counsel.  Hon. 
Mr.  Laurier  always  from  a  very  early  age 
took  a  deep  interest  in  public  questions,  and 
was  resolved,  when  the  first  opportunity 
offered,  to  seek  a  position  in  the  legislature. 
With  this  object  in  view,  he  gave  his  atten- 
tion to  literature  and  journalism,  and  for  a 
period  edited  Le  Defricheur  newspaper. 
He  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  temperance, 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Dominion  Pro- 
hibitory Convention,  held  in  Montreal,  in 
1875.  At  the  general  election  of  1871  his 
ambition  to  get  into  public  life  was  realized, 
he  being  that  year  elected  to  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly  of  the  province  of  Quebec  for 
Drummond  and  Arthabaska.  He  remained 
in  the  legislature  till  January,  1874,  when 
he  resigned  in  order  to  contest  the  same  seat 
for  the  House  of  Commons.  In  the  provin- 
cial parliament  his  record  had  been  excel- 
lent. He  was  known  to  be  a  sincere,  upright, 


able  and  well-informed  public  man,  and  had 
proven  himself  a  genuine  Liberal  in  the 
truest  and  best  sense  of  the  word;  so  when 
he  came  to  ask  his  constituents  to  send  him 
to  the  wider  sphere  of  usefulness  they  did 
not  refuse  him.  On  taking  his  seat  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  his  brilliant  abilities 
and  his  high  character  were  at  once  ac- 
knowledged. Sir  John  A.  Macdonald, 
through  his  Pacific  Railway  transaction, 
had  been  relegated  to  the  opposition 
benches,  and  the  Hon.  Alexander  Mackenzie 
had  been  called  upon  to  form  an  administra- 
tion. Mr.  Laurier  was  invited  by  the  new 
premier  to  enter  his  cabinet,  and  he  was 
sworn  in  as  member  of  the  Privy  Council, 
September,  1877,  and  given  the  portfolio  of 
Inland  Revenue:  This  office  he  held  until 
the  following  year,  when  the  Mackenzie  gov- 
ernment resigned.  On  seeking  re-election 
in  his  old  constituency,  at  the  general  elec- 
tion which  followed,  he  was  rejected  ;  but 
the  Hon.  I.  Thibaudeau  having  resigned 
his  seat  in  Quebec  East,  Hon.  Mr.  Laurier 
was  elected  as  his  successor,  and  he  has  re- 
presented that  constituency  ever  since.  On 
the  retirement  of  the  Hon.  Edward  Blake  in 
1887,  in  consequence  of  ill  health,  from  the 
leadership  of  the  Liberal  party  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  Hon.  Mr.  Laurier  was 
unanimously  chosen  as  his  successor,  and 
his  friends  have  great  hopes  that  he  will 
prove  a  leader  worthy  of  the  name.  He  is 
calm  and  reasonable,  and  always  receives 
respect  and  attention  when  he  rises,  and  has 
always,  on  such  occasions,  something  to 
say.  He  speaks  with  a  very  pure  French 
accent,  and  is  a  very  effective  speaker. 
Hon.  Mr.  Laurier  is  a  director  of  the  Royal 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company.  In  re- 
ligion he  is  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  was 
married  on  the  13th  May,  1868,  to  Miss 
Lafontaine. 

O'Sullivaii.  Dcnn1§  Ambrose,  M.A., 
D.C.L.,Barrister-at-Law,  etc.,  Toronto,  Ont., 
is  the  youngest  son  of  the  late  Michael 
O'Sullivan,  of  Campbellford,  farmer.  His 
father  came  to  this  country  from  Cork,  Ire- 
land, in  1832,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
respected  men  in  his  county.  His  mother 
belongs  to  the  family  of  Hennessys,  well 
known  to  this  day  in  the  south  of  Ireland. 
In  the  early  days  of  this  province,  farmers' 
homes  were  frequently  used  for  the  pur- 
pose of  having  divine  service  therein,  and 
for  many  years,  in  the  parish  of  Seymour, 
mass  was  said  every  second  Sunday  in  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


593 


house  of  Michael  O' Sullivan,  every  year,  in 
fact,  up  to  the  building  of  the  present  Ro- 
man Catholic  Church  at  Campbellford.  He 
brought  up  his  children  strictly  within  the 
church,  and  died  in  1866,  greatly  regretted. 
One  of  his  sons,  the  late  Dr.  J.  O' Sullivan, 
was  well  known  as  a  professional  man;  and 
in  political  life  sat  for  eight  years  as  Con- 
servative member  for  East  Peterboro'.  Dr. 
D.  A.  O'SuUivan  was  born  on  the  21st  Feb- 
ruary, 1848,  in  Seymour,  Northumberland 
county,  Ontario.  He  is  a  practising  lawyer 
hi  Toronto,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  in 
1875.  He  was  educated  in  a  common  school 
and  in  St.  Michael's  College,  1866-72,  and 
graduated  in  the  latter  year  in  the  University 
of  Toronto.  He  received  the  degree  of  M.A. 
in  1876,  and  the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  the  fol- 
lowing year,  having  been  scholar  and  prize- 
man in  the  Toronto  University  during  each 
year  of  the  course.  Since  that  time  he  has 
applied  himself  to  the  study  of  the  law,  and 
devoted  his  leisure  hours  to  legal  and  his- 
torical literature.  In  1879  he  published  the 
first  edition  of  his  "Government  in  Cana- 
da," and  a  second  edition  of  the  same  work 
in  1887.  This  book  is  the  text  book  on 
the  Canadian  constitution  in  the  Law  So- 
ciety of  Ontario,  and  is  extensively  used  in 
colleges  throughout  Canada.  In  1881  he 
published  a  volume  on  "  Practical  Convey- 
ancing," and  another  on  "  How  to  Draw  a 
Simple  Will,"  a  little  volume  intended  for 
clergymen  and  doctors  of  medicine,  and 
containing  a  good  deal  of  instructive  and 
curious  matter.  In  the  following  year  he 
was  named  a  member  of  the  senate  of  the 
University  of  Toronto  by  the  lieutenant- 
governor,  and  subsequently  appointed  one 
of  the  commissioners  of  the  Ontario  gov- 
ernment to  inquire  into  the  workings  of 
the  Central  Prison,  and  to  report  on  prisons 
generally.  He  has  lately  devoted  himself 
to  historical  studies  regarding  the  church 
in  Canada,  and  the  origin  of  the  Canadian 
laws.  For  essays  and  other  productions  in 
this  direction,  published  in  American  mag- 
azines, and  by  the  Canadian  Institute  an- 
nals, and  for  some  light  literature,  the  Uni- 
versity of  Laval  conferred  on  him,  in  June, 
1887,  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Laws.  He  is  a  regular  contributor  to  seve- 
ral magazines  and  reviews,  and  is  a  member 
of  a  number  of  historical  societies  in  Cana- 
da and  the  United  States.  He  does  not  be- 
long to  any  national,  political  or  other  so- 
cieties, except  charitable  societies;  is  secre- 
KK 


tary  and  one  of  the  managers  of  the  House 
of  Industry ;  a  director  of  the  Toronto  Con- 
servatory of  Music,  etc.  He  is  solicitor  for 
all  the  Roman  Catholic  charities  in  Toronto, 
•for  the  Roman  Catholic  Episcopal  Corpora- 
tion, and  the  colleges  in  the  city.  He  was 
married,  in  1881,  to  Emma  Mary,  the  eldest' 
daughter  of  W.  H.  Higgins,  editor  of  the 
Whitby  Chronicle. 

Tartre,  Joseph  Raphael,  Notary 
Public,  Waterloo,  province  of  Quebec,  was 
born  at  St.  Hyacinthe,  Quebec,  on  the  3rd 
October,  1843.  His  father,  Charles  Tartre, 
was  a  farmer  and  bailiff,  of  Roxton  Falls, 
Quebec,  and  a  son  of  Charles  Tartre  and 
Marie  Legros  dit  St.  Pierre,  who  settled 
on  the  south  side  of  the  Yamaska  river 
during  the  first  years  of  the  present  century. 
His  mother,  Marie  Adelaide  Beaudry ,  is  a  de- 
scendant of  the  Beaudry  family  which  set- 
tled in  St,  Jean  Bte.  de  Rouville,  Quebec, 
early  in  the  present  century.  His  father  was 
settled  first  in  St.  Pie,  county  of  Bagot,  and 
moved  thence  to  Roxton  Falls,  in  September, 
1851.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the 
second  of  eleven  children,  the  oldest  being 
a  grey  nun  (called  in  religion  Sister  Ste. 
Elizabeth),  since  1858.  He  was  educated 
at  St.  Hyacinthe  CoUege,  from  1856  to  1861. 
When  twenty-one  years  of  age,  on  account 
of  ill-health,  he  was  admitted,  on  the  13th 
May,  1864,  a  bailiff  of  the  Superior  Court, 
and  settled  at  Waterloo  on  the  24th  May, 
1864.  While  practising  as  a  bailiff,  he 
began  the  study  ef  the  notarial  profession 
on  the  15th  June,  1866,  and  was  admitted 
to  practise  on  the  3rd  May,  1871.  He  was 
acting  deputy  registrar  of  the  county  of 
Shefford,  from  May,  1874,  to  August,  1876; 
and  was  secretary  of  schools  for  the  town- 
ship of  Shefford,  Waterloo  included,  for 
1872  and  1873.  He  has  been  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  municipality  of  the  county 
of  Shefford  since  the  llth  June,  1879  ;  and 
a  member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  school 
board  of  examiners  of  the  district  of  Bed- 
ford since  1875  ;  also  secretary-treasurer  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  schools  of  Waterloo 
since  April,  1883,  the  date  of  their  organi- 
zation ;  and  a  commissioner  of  the  Superior 
Court  since  1872.  He  has  also  been  secre- 
tary-treasurer of  the  Waterloo  Imperial 
Building  Society  since  the  1st  May,  1877. 
He  has  always  taken  a  moderate  part  in  poli- 
tics, and  hi  municipal  matters,  and  was  main- 
ly instrumental  hi  paving  the  parish  of  St. 
Joachim  de  Shefford  erected  into  a  munici- 


594 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


pality,  and  was  one  of  the  many  who  helped 
in  starting  the  newspaper  in  Waterloo, 
called  The  Independent.  He  is  a  staunch 
Eoman  Catholic  in  religion.  He  was  mar- 
ried, on  the  29th  January,  1866,  to  Malvina, 
second  daughter  of  Gabriel  Hubert  and 
Justine  Marchessault,  of  Oontrecoeur,  Que- 
bec, and  has  had  issue  ten  children,  eight 
of  whom  are  still  living.  The  eldest,  0.  U. 
E.  Tartre,  twenty-one  years  of  age,  has  just 
completed  his  classical  course  at  the  St. 
Hyacinthe  College,  and  is  now  studying  the 
notarial  profession  with  his  father.  Mrs.  J. 
K.  Tartre  is  now  (March,  1888,)  a  candi- 
date in  the  election  of  popularity,  the  ob- 
ject and  proceeds  whereof  are  to  erect,  if 
possible,  a  commercial  college  in  Waterloo. 
This  election  closes  on  the  2nd  July,  1888. 
Edgar,  James  David,  Barrister,  To- 
ronto, M.P.  for  West  Ontario,  was  born  in 
the  Eastern  Townships,  Quebec  province,  on 
the  10th  August,  1841,  where  he  received 
his  early  educational  training.  He  is  de- 
scended from  the  elder  branch  of  the  Ed- 
gars of  Keithock,  Forfarshire,  Scotland,  a 
family  which  has  impressed  its  name  on 
the  annals  of  that  country.  Mr.  Edgar 
adopted  law  as  a  profession,  and  having 
gone  through  the  usual  course  of  study, 
was  called  to  the  bar  of  Upper  Canada,  in 
Michselmas  term,  1864.  Since  then  he  has 
successfully  practised  his  profession  in  To- 
ronto, and  is  at  present  the  head  of  the  firm 
of  Edgar,  Malone  &  Garvin,  barristers,  so- 
licitors, notaries,  etc.  He  first  presented 
himself  for  parliamentary  honors  at  the 
general  election  of  1872,  when  he  was  elect- 
ed, and  sat  in  the  House  of  Commons  at 
Ottawa  until  the  general  election  in  1874, 
when  he  was  defeated.  In  1872  he  unsuc- 
cessfully contested  Centre  Toronto,  but  on 
the  22nd  August,  1884,  upon  the  resigna- 
tion of  the  sitting  member,  he  was  elected 
by  the  Reformers  of  West  Ontario  to  re- 
present them  in  parliament.  At  the  last 
general  election  he  was  again  chosen  by  the 
same  constituency,  and  continues  to  sit  in 
the  House  of  Commons  as  their  representa- 
tive. In  1874,  Mr.  Edgar  was  sent  by  the 
Dominion  government  to  British  Columbia 
to  arrange  terms  for  the  postponement  of 
the  construction  of  the  Canada  Pacific  rail- 
way. He  is  of  a  literary  turn  of  mind,  and, 
apart  from  his  books  on  law,  such  as  "In- 
solvent Act  of  1864,  with  Notes,  Forms," 
etc.,  published  in  1864;  "  An  Act  to  Amend 
the  Insolvent  Act  of  1864,  with  Annota- 


tions, Notes  of  Decisions,"  etc.,  published 
in  1865,  he  frequently  contributes  to  the 
columns  of  our  daily  press  and  periodicals. 
Indeed,  he  has  entered  the  realm  of  poetry, 
and  a  couple  of  years  ago  published  a  no 
mean  volume  on  a  Canadian  subject.  He 
is  a  director  of  the  Confederation  Life  As- 
sociation, of  the  Globe  Printing  Company, 
and  of  the  Midland  Railway  Company.  In 
politics  he  is  a  staunch  Liberal,  and  in  re- 
ligion belongs  to  the  Episcopal  church. 
In  September,  1865,  he  was  married  to 
Matilda,  second  daughter  of  the  late  T.  G. 
Ridout,  of  Toronto. 

Price,  Herbert  Moles  worth,  Tim- 
ber Merchant,  Quebec,  was  born  on  the 
31st  of  August,  1847,  at  Benhall,  Ross, 
Herefordshire,  England.  His  father  was 
William  Price,  gentleman.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  private  schools  at  Hereford,  and 
Norwood,  near  London,  where  he  made 
rapid  progress,  English  and  mathematics 
being  his  principal  studies.  Having  at  an 
early  age  evinced  a  predilection  for  bank- 
ing, a  position  was  secure  1  for  him  in  the 
West  of  England  and  South  Wales  District 
Bank,  at  Ross.  H"  entered  on  his  duties 
in  1864,  and  remain^  J  in  the  service  of  that 
institution  until  January,  1869,  when  he  re- 
linquished his  situation  for  a  higher  post 
in  the  Bank  of  British  North  America,  Lon- 
don. He  was  soon  after  transferred  to  the 
Montreal  branch  of  that  bank,  and  suc- 
cessively filled  positions  at  the  following 
branches,  viz.,  St.  John,  N.  B.,  Halifax, 
N.S.,  New  York  and  Hamilton,  Kingston, 
Brantford,  and  Dunnville,  Ont.,  and  Que- 
bec. After  serving  at  the  latter  branch  as 
accountant  for  four  years,  with  great  ac- 
ceptance to  the  board,  he  resigned  his  office 
and  entered  the  Merchants  Bank  of  Canada, 
Quebec,  as  manager.  This  responsible  po- 
sition he  held  from  1879  until  March,  1884, 
when  he  retired  from  banking,  after  a  con- 
tinuous service  of  twenty  years,  and  joining 
the  important  firm  of  Hall  Brothers  &  Co., 
in  connection  with  the  Montmorency  mills, 
embarked  into  business.  His  firm  is  now 
composed  of  Peter  Patterson  Hall,  and 
H.  M.  Price.  Their  operations  are  confined 
to  two  mills  besides  those  of  Montmorency. 
The  firm  makes  300,000  logs  per  annum 
on  the  rivers  Chaudiere,  Gentilly,  Nicolet, 
Begancour,Duchene,  and  Montmorency,  em- 
ploying in  the  work  a  large  number  of  men. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Price  is  a  Conservative  of  in- 
dependent and  broad  views.  A  member  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


595 


the  Church  of  England,  he  has  always  taken 
a  deep  interest  in  religious  thought  and 
movement,  and  his  active  mind  has  found 
expression  in  the  conduct  of  the  temporal 
affairs  of  his  church,  where  for  some  years 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  select  vestry 
of  the  English  cathedral.  He  has  held 
several  prominent  offices,  among  which  may 
be  named  those  of  the  first  vice-president  of 
St.  George's  Society  ;  provisional  director 
of  the  Quebec  Railway  Bridge  Company  ; 
member  of  the  council  of  the  Quebec  Board 
of  Trade  ;  member  of  the  Central  Board 
Church  Society,  and  member  of  the  council 
of  the  Literary  and  Historical  Society  of 
Quebec.  In  this  latter  position  his  literary, 
historical,  and  antiquarian  tastes  find  ample 
development.  He  is  a  qualified  justice  of 
the  peace.  Mr.  Price  has  always  taken  con- 
siderable interest  in  athletic  sports  and  pas- 
times. He  has  been  captain  of  the  Quebec 
Cricket  and  Football  clubs,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  a  Football  team  for  Canada  which 
played  against  the  Harvard  University  Club 
of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  Montreal,  in  1875. 
J.  M.  LeMoine  has  given  an  interesting 
sketch  of  Mr.  Price,  and  of  his  summer  resi- 
dence, Montmorency  cottage,  in  his  late 
book,  "  Monographies  et  Esquisses."  In 
March,  1877,  Mr.  Price  was  married  to  S. 
A.  Martha  Hall,  daughter  of  the  late  George 
Benson  Hall,  of  Montmorency  Falls,  P.Q., 
a  lady  of  fine  social  qualities  and  culture. 

Plielan,  Corneliu§  J.  F.  It.,  M.D., 
C.M.,  Waterloo,  Quebec,  was  born  on  the 
10th  of  May,  1840,  at  St.  Columbin,  county 
of  Two  Mountains,  Quebec.  His  father, 
John  Phelan,  was  born  10th  June,  1787,  at 
Kilkenny,  Ireland.  He  was  major  of  militia, 
mayor  and  magistrate.  As  magistrate  he 
generally  settled  disputes  amicably  and  to 
the  perfect  satisfaction  of  the  litigants,  thus 
saving  acrimony  and  heavy  law  costs  ;  he 
was  also  a  merchant  and  farmer,  and  did  a 
very  extensive  business  ;  he  was  generous 
to  a  fault,  always  the  poor  man's  friend, 
and  died  the  9th  April,  1862,  deeply  mourn- 
ed by  all  who  knew  him  far  and  near.  Dr. 
Phelan's  mother,  Mary  Phelan,  was  born  on 
the  15th  August,  1798,  and  died  on  the  26th 
July,  1874.  She  was  a  pious  woman,  a  lov- 
ing mother,  and  a  devoted  and  industrious 
wife.  The  late  Bishop  Phelan,  of  Kingston, 
was  her  brother.  He  was  a  first-class  ad- 
ministrator, a  general  favorite  alike  among 
Protestants  and  Catholics,  and  his  untimely 
death  was  universally  regretted.  The  sub- 


ject of  this  sketch  was  educated  at  the  semi- 
nary of  Ste.  Therese  de  Blainville,  Quebec, 
taking  a  full  classical  course,  afterwards 
pursuing  his  medical  studies  at  McGill  Col- 
lege, Montreal,  and  graduating  therefrom 
in  1865.  In  the  spring  of  1865,  he  began 
to  practise  at  Iberville,  and  in  November 
of  the  same  year  removed  to  Knowlton, 
Brome,  Quebec,  where  he  remained  until 
January  8th,  1880,  when  he  went  to  Water- 
loo, his  present  home.  As  he  took  up  the 
study  of  medicine  from  pure  love  of  the 
profession,  it  is  not  strange  that  his  success 
has  been  far  above  the  average  ;  and  that 
the  older  he  grows  the  more  he  is  in  love 
with  his  calling.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
district  of  Bedford  Medical  Association  ;  a 
leading  member  of  the  Board  of  Health  of 
Waterloo  ;  medical  examiner  for  several 
leading  Life  Insurance  companies  and  has 
been  physician  to  the  Maple  Wood  Convent 
since  1881.  This  is  one  of  the  finest  insti- 
tutions of  the  kind  in  the  province,  and  is 
under  the  direction  of  the  Sisters  of  J.M.  J., 
of  Hochelaga.  The  house  was  formerly  the 
residence  of  the  Hon.  A.  B.  Foster,  and  is  a 
splendid  edifice  surrounded  by  beautiful 
and  well-kept  grounds.  Dr.  Phelan  has 
been  secretary  of  the  St.  Patrick's  Benevo- 
lent Society  of  Shefford,  and  also  president 
of  the  St.  Joseph  Society  of  Waterloo.  He 
has  always  been  a  Conservative,  but  the 
duties  of  his  profession  have  prevented  him 
from  taking  any  active  part  in  politics  though 
often  strongly  urged  to  do  so.  In  1864  he 
travelled  through  the  United  States,  mak- 
ing a  prolonged  stay  at  Washington  to  visit 
the  military  hospitals  there,  they  being  such 
excellent  schools  for  surgery.  In  religion 
he  is  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  was  married 
on  the  8th  November,  1864,  to  Mary  Ele- 
deanne  M.  Gujidon,  of  Montreal,  a  cousin- 
german  of  Judge  Ouimet  ;  she  was  edu- 
cated in  the  Congregational  convent  there. 
They  have  one  daughter  who  is  now  pursu- 
ing her  studies  at  Maple  Wood  Convent. 

Bernier,  Michel  E§dra§,  St.  Hya- 
cinthe,  Quebec,  Notary,  J.  P.,  and  M.  P.  for 
St.  Hyacinthe,  was  born  at  St.  Hyacinthe, 
on  the  28th  September,  1841.  His  ances- 
tors came  from  France,  and  settled  in  the 
county  of  L'Islet,  Quebec,  removing  after- 
wards to  St.  Hyacinthe.  He  is  the  youngest 
son  of  the  late  Etienne  Bernier,  farmer,  and 
Julie  Lussier,  his  wife.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  educated  at  the  St.  Hyacinthe 
Seminary,  afterwards  studying  law  under 


596 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


H.  St.  Germain,  notary  and  registrar  for 
the  county  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  practise  as  a  notary  in  June,  1867. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  volunteer  force 
from  1862  to  1865,  and  held  the  rank  of 
captain.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  no- 
tarial board  for  the  district  of  St.  Hyacinthe, 
from  1867  to  1870,  and  for  the  provincial 
board  from  1873,  and  president  for  the  same 
from  1882  to  1885,  and  is  still  a  member  of 
the  board  ;  was  secretary-treasurer  of  the 
municipal  council  and  school  commissioners 
of  the  parish  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  from  1864 
to  1878,  and  of  the  municipal  council  of  the 
county  of  St.  Hyacinthe  from  1864,  and  still 
holds  that  position  ;  also  official  assignee 
for  the  county  of  St.  Hyacinthe  from  1869 
to  1874,  and  for  the  district  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe from  1874  to  1880.  He  has  been  a 
director  of  the  St.  Hyacinthe  Agricultural 
Society  from  1881,  and  its  president  since 
1884,  and  holds  that  position  to-day.  He 
is  a  director  of  the  Bank  of  St.  Hyacinthe; 
also  of  the  St.  Hyacinthe  Manufacturing 
Company,  owners  of  the  water  powers,  flan- 
nel mill,  grist  mill,  and  carding  mill,  at  St. 
Hyacinthe  ;  of  the  St.  Hyacinthe  Gas  and 
Electric  Light  Company  ;  of  the  St.  Hya- 
cinthe Macadamizing  Company,  and  of  the 
United  Counties  Railway  Company.  He  is 
the  head  of  the  firm  of  N.  Bernier  &  Co., 
grain  and  flour  dealers;  of  the  notarial 
firm  of  Bernier,  Morin  &  Bordua  ;  is  a 
commissioner  for  the  provinces  of  Ontario, 
Quebec,  Nova  Scotia,  and  New  Brunswick, 
and  a  commissioner  per  Dedimus  potes- 
tatem;  is  also  engaged  in  farming,  and 
owns  the  "Bellevue  farm,"  near  the  city 
limits.  Mr.  Bernier  is  a  staunch  Liberal 
in  politics,  and  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
political  movements  since  1867  ;  was  offer- 
ed, but  refused,  the  candidature  for  the 
county  of  St.  Hyacinthe  for  the  House  of 
Commons,  in  1878,  and  for  the  Quebec 
house  in  1879;  but  in  June,  1882,  he  accept- 
ed the  nomination  of  the  party  for  the 
House  of  Commons,  and  was  elected,  his 
opponent  being  the  Hon.  L.  Tellier,  now  a 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court.  Mr.  Bernier 
ran  again  in  1887,  and  was  again  success- 
ful. His  interest  in  agricultural,  industrial, 
and  commercial  pursuits  has  been  of  the 
most  active  character.  In  religion,  he  is 
a  Roman  Catholic.  He  was  married,  on  the 
28th  November,  1865,  to  Alida,  a  daughter 
of  the  late  Simeon  Marchesseault,  one  of  the 
chiefs  of  the  rebellion  of  1837,  and  who  was 


afterwards  exiled  to  the  Bermudas.  Two 
daughters  were  born  of  this  marriage,  the 
eldest  being  married  to  Dr.  L.  V.  Benoit, 
physician  and  apothecary  at  St.  Hyacinthe. 
d'Or§onnen§,  I.I.-4  ol.  the  Count 
Loui§  Gu§tave  d'Odet,  was  born  at 
L'Assomption,  April  17th,  1842.  He  is  a 
descendant  of  a  Swiss  patrician  family  of 
the  Canton  of  Fribourg,  who,  according  to 
Blanc  de  Charney,  in  his  history  of  the 
patrician  families  of  Fribourg,  "  came  to- 
wards the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century  to 
settle  in  that  city,  and  continue  there  its 
lustre."  The  General  Lexicon  of  Switzer- 
land, by  Leu,  published  at  Zurich,  in  1758, 
mentions  the  d'Odet  d'Orsonnens  with  honor. 
Later,  in  1789,  Jean  Jacques  Holtzhalb,  in 
his  supplement  to  the  Lexicon  or  Diction- 
ary of  Leu,  has  also  continued  its  history. 
The  first  member  of  this  distinguished 
family  who  came  to  this  country,  was  Pro- 
thais  d'Odet  d'Orsonnens,  patrician  of  Fri- 
bourg, who  came  to  Canada  about  the  year 
1810,  with  the  famous  Meuron's  regiment, 
as  captain  of  the  grenadier  company.  After 
the  disbandment  of  his  regiment,  Captain 
d'Orsonnens  went  to  the  Red  River  with  a 
strong  party,  and  took  Fort  William  for 
Lord  Selkirk,  who  was  the  governor  of  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company.  The  conduct  and 
bravery  of  Captain  d'Orsonnens  on  this 
occasion  was  highly  commended  by  his  su- 
periors. He  finally  settled  at  St.  Roch  de 
1'Achignan,  where  he  built  a  house  in  the 
style  of  the  manors  of  that  time,  and  which 
he  named  "  La  Chaumiere  Suisse."  He  died 
suddenly  of  heart  disease  on  the  16th  March, 
1834,  leaving  two  sons  and  two,  daughters 
to  mourn  his  loss.  The  eldest,  Thomas 
Edmond  d'Orsonnens,  was  born  at  St.  Roch 
de  1'Achignan,  on  30th  October,  1818,  and 
was  for  many  years  president  of  the  medi- 
cal faculty  of  the  Victoria  University  in 
Montreal,  knight  of  St.  Gregory,  etc.  His 
eldest  son,  Louis  Gustave,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  upon  whom  the  family  nobility 
and  titles  were  recognised  with  the  title  of 
count,  by  his  holiness  Pope  Pius  IX.,  was 
educated  for  the  army,  and  was  to  have 
joined  the  Swiss  regiment  at  Naples,  in 
which  his  cousin  was  captain,  when  the 
kingdom  of  Naples  was  overthrown  by  the 
revolution.  He  joined  the  1st  battalion  of 
rifles  as  ensign,  on  the  17th  of  November,. 
1859  ;  in  1860,  he  exchanged  into  the  2nd 
troop  of  cavalry,  being  gazetted  a  cornet  ; 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant  on 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


597 


3rd  June,  1861,  and  commanded  the  troop 
for  nearly  a  year.  He  resigned  his  command 
to  study  law,  and  was  soon  called  to  the  bar. 
He  then  re-entered  the  service  and  joined  the 
4th  battalion  of  Canadian  Chasseurs,  and 
was  gazetted  lieutenant  on  the  15th  Decem- 
ber, 1865.  He  served  on  the  frontier  at  Ni- 
agara, in  1866,  as  ensign  and  adjutant,  and 
was  promoted  to  rank  of  captain  in  the  4th 
Chasseurs  on  the  8th  of  March,  1867.  His 
subsequent  promotions  are  brigade-major, 
3rd  January,  1868,  and  lieutenant-colonel, 
19th  February,  1869.  In  1871,  he  held  the 
temporary  command  of  the  6th  military 
district  at  the  divisional  camp  of  Laprairie. 
Lieutenant -Colonel  d'Orsonnens  holds  certi- 
ficates from  all  the  schools,  as  follow :  Inf an 
try  school,  1st  class,  24th  August,  1864  ; 
gunnery,  1st  class,  4th  July,  1868;  cavalry, 
1st  class,  27th  March,  1869.  Towards  the 
close  of  the  year  1869  he  went  to  Switzer- 
land, where,  upon  the  invitation  of  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Confederation  he  joined  the  fed- 
eral staff  at  Berne,  and  followed  the  army  in 
its  autumn  manoeuvres.  In  1874,  inspired, 
doubtless,  by  the  remembrance  of  the  man- 
O3uvres  of  the  Swiss  army,  he  published  a 
pamphlet  on  the  military  organization  of 
the  Canadian  Confederation.  He  also  was 
the  first  who,  in  1867,  suggested  the  idea  to 
his  co-religionists  to  send  military  aid  to  the 
papal  see,  and  was  instrumental  in  the  de- 
cision of  the  movement  which  sent  to  Rome 
more  than  600  Canadian  Zouaves.  This 
expedition,  which  resembled,  in  more  re- 
spects than  one,  that  of  the  first  crusades, 
has,  it  is  affirmed,  contributed  more  to 
make  Canada  known  to  Europe  than  many 
other  things.  In  1883  he  was  sent,  along 
with  the  other  commandants  of  the  infantry 
schools,  to  England,  by  the  Dominion  gov- 
ernment, to  study  the  organization  of  and 
follow  the  Imperial  service,  preparatory  to 
taking  command  of  one  of  the  infantry 
schools  now  in  existence  in  Canada.  Like 
many  other  old  families,  the  d'Odet  family 
retains  many  souvenirs  and  marks  of  appre- 
ciation from  distinguished  personages,  such 
as  autograph  letters  from  kings,  princes,  and 
others  ;  amongst  some  of  these  in  their 
possession  is  a  letter  dated  8th  of  March, 
1670,  signed  by  Emmanuel,  Due  of  Savoie, 
and  King  of  Cyprus,  in  which  the  duke  in- 
vites the  family  to  ask  for  favors  in  return 
for  services  rendered  him.  The  Count  d'Odet 
d'Orsonnens  was  married  in  1870,  to  Marie 
Louise  Adele  Desbarats,  and  has  issue  four 


sons  and  one  daughter.  The  eldest,  Vis- 
count George  Joseph  Gustave  was  born  in 
1872.  ARMS  :  Azure,  a  lion,  or,  rampant, 
holding  a  horn  of  plenty,  of  the  same. 
COUNT'S  CORONET  ;  MOTTO  :  Certa  fides, 
certa  manus. 

<.  nil  ha  11  It.  Edouard,  Joliette,  Que- 
bec, Mayor  of  Joliette,  was  born  at  d'Aile- 
boust,  county  of  Joliette,  on  the  14th  April, 
1834.  He  is  the  son  of  Charles  Guilbault, 
and  Marie  Blanchard,  whose  ancestors  came 
from  Normandy,  France,  in  1697,  and  were 
among  the  first  settlers  of  Charlesbourg, 
Quebec.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
educated  at  the  College  of  Joliette,  where  he 
took  a  commercial  course.  He  sat  in  the 
Joliette  town  council  for  twenty  years;  was 
elected  mayor  in  1875,  and  has  continued 
to  fill  that  responsible  position  since,  having 
been  re-elected  on  the  10th  January,  1888, 
for  a  further  term  of  three  years.  He  is  a 
Conservative  in  politics  ;  is  now  president 
of  the  Conservative  Association,  and  has 
long  taken  an  active  interest  in  political 
affairs.  He  was  first  returned  to  parliament 
at  the  general  election,  in  1882;  but  resign- 
ed, and  was  re-elected,  7th  December,  1882, 
and  again,  at  the  general  election  of  1887. 
He  organized  the  Agricultural  Society  of  the 
county  in  1854  ;  filled  the  position  of  secre- 
tary for  twenty-five  years,  and  is  now  the 
president.  He  is  the  proprietor  of  several 
large  farms,  in  which  he  takes  a  deep  in- 
terest, always  working  hard  to  improve 
agriculture.  In  1871  he  formed  a  com- 
pany which  engaged  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness, and  he  continues  a  director  of  this 
company  still  ;  he  is  also  a  director  in  a 
large  foundry  and  agricultural  implements 
works.  In  1865  he  established  a  boot  and 
shoe  factory,  which  he  conducted  under 
his  own  name,  and  which  he  superintends 
personally,  and  has  succeeded  in  building 
up  an  extensive  trade  in  that  line.  In  the 
year  1884  he  formed  a  company  to  en 
ter  into  the  manufacture  of  Canadian  to- 
bacco, and  is  president  of  this  company,  to 
which  he  gives  considerable  attention. 
This  is  an  industry  which  will  bear  a  great 
deal  of  development.  In  1885  he  visited 
Europe,  and  made  an  extensive  tour,  with 
the  object  of  acquiring  information  as  to 
trade  and  agriculture.  He  is  a  Eoman  Catho- 
lic, but  believes  in  liberty  of  conscience.  He 
was  married,  in  1858,  to  Marie  Hermine 
Lemaitre  Auger,  daughter  of  Major  Desire 
Lemaitre  Auger,  of  Louisville. 


598 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Daw§on,  Sir  J,  William,  C.M.G., 
LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  Principal  of  the  McGill 
University,  Montreal,  was  born  at  Pictou, 
Nova  Scotia,  on  October  13th,  1820.  His 
parents  had  come  from  Scotland  several 
years  before,  and,  if  the  Biblical 
knowledge  of  their  son  is  any  criter- 
ion, they  were  doubtless  good  examples 
of  that  high  piety  and  religious  education 
which  distinguish  the  Scottish  people. 
Young  Dawson  seems  to  have  shown  an 
early  interest  in  natural  history  and  geology, 
and  the  opportunity  for  an  intellectual  career 
was  placed  within  his  reach.  He  attended 
the  school  and  college  at  Pictou,  and  was 
then  sent  to  Edinburgh  University,  where 
he  took  the  degree  of  M.A.  at  the  age  of 
twenty-two.  Natural  history  and  practical 
chemistry  occupied  his  attention  chiefly  at 
Edinburgh  ;  and  it  may  be  supposed  that 
he  listened  with  deep  interest  to  the  fading 
echoes  which  would  be  heard  then  regarding 
the  respective  claims  of  the  Wernerian  and 
the  Huttonian  hypotheses  in  geology.  Here 
he  made  his  first  attempts  at  authorship, 
which  were  published  in  Edinburgh  news- 
papers. He  returned  to  Canada  in  1842, 
and  accompanied  Sir  Charles  Lyell  in  his 
geological  exploration  of  Nova  Scotia.  He 
entered  into  the  work  with  characteristic 
enthusiasm,  and  the  valuable  assistance 
which  he  was  able  to  render  to  the  great 
English  geologist  was  not  unrecognized. 
Sir  Charles  Lyell  has  paid  many  tributes  to 
the  abilities  of  Sir  William  Dawson  as  a 
geologist.  He  was  then  appointed  to  the 
direction  of  a  geological  survey  of  the  coal 
fields  in  that  province,  and  his  report  to  the 
government  proved  a  very  valuable  one. 
In  1850  his  attention  was  taken,  so  far  as 
the  business  of  his  life  was  concerned,  from 
geology  to  education.  He  was  appointed 
superintendent  of  education  for  Nova 
Scotia.  It  was  a  reforming  period  in  edu- 
cational matters  in  that  province,  and  the 
new  superintendent  was  entrusted  with  the 
work  of  putting  a  new  School  Act  into  oper- 
ation. His  interest  in  education,  to  judge 
from  the  articles  which  he  published  at  that 
date,  was  not  less  pronounced  than  his  in- 
terest in  science.  The  work  was,  therefore, 
congenial,  and  the  experience  afforded  in 
the  task  of  administering  the  affairs  of  the 
Nova  Scotia  schools  doubtless  proved  valu- 
able to  the  future  principal  of  McGill.  His 
appointment  to  the  principalship  of  McGill 
in  1855  marks  the  beginning  of  an  epoch  in 
Canada's  intellectual  development.  It  is 
not  a  matter  of  ordinary  course  that 
McGill  should  be  the  university  she  is  to- 


day, or  that  she  should  wield  the  influence 
that  she  does.  It  is  a  matter  of  surprise. 
The  conditions  which  fifty  and  a  hundred 
years  ago  favored  the  advancement  of  great 
institutions  of  learning  in  the  American  re- 
public have  ever  been'  absent  from  Canada. 
The  wealth  which  poured  into  the  treasuries 
of  American  colleges  has  only  been  repre- 
sented in  Canada  by  dribbling  subscriptions 
and  small  legacies.  Our  colleges  have 
struggled  up  with  the  aid  of  trusty  and  gen- 
erous, but  seldom  very  wealthy,  friends. 
The  fortunes  of  McGill  were  at  a  low  ebb 
in  1855,  and  Principal  Dawson  had  an  ex- 
tensive work  before  him.  The  work  of  a 
college  principal  and  president  is  supposed 
to  be  limited  to  the  duties  of  administration, 
but  the  financial  condition  of  McGill  at  that 
time  made  it  necessary  for  the  new  princi- 
pal to  undertake  several  laborious  professor- 
ships as  well.  His  influence,  however,  soon 
began  to  make  itself  felt  throughout  the 
country,  and  the  fortunes  of  the  university 
steadily  advanced.  Its  stability  is  now 
assured,  and  from  being  a  matter  of  anxiety 
to  Montrealers  it  has  become  an  object  of 
pride.  That  the  result  is  largely  due  to 
the  vast  energy  and  administrative  abilities 
of  the  principal  there  can  be  no  question  ; 
and  it  is  a  significent  fact  that  when  the 
university  came  in  sight  of  the  horizon  of 
prosperity  he  annually  contributed  to  its 
resources  by  still  retaining  arduous  and  un- 
paid work  which  he  had  taken  upon  his 
shoulders  at  the  outset.  Leisure  might 
seem  to  be  an  unknown  experience  in  the 
midst  of  labors  indicated  by  the  foregoing, 
but  in  addition  to  many  pamphlets  on  edu- 
cational matters,  and  some  excellent  text- 
books on  geology  and  zoology,  Sir  William 
Dawson  has  published  the  following 
volumes  :  t4  Archaia,"  (1860);  "  Air  Breath- 
era  of  the  Coal  Period,"  (1863);  "The  Ori- 
gin of  the  World,"  (1869);  "The  Story  of 
the  Earth  and  Man,"  (1873);  "  Fossil  Men 
and  Their  Modern  Representatives"  (1880). 
As  indicated  by  their  titles,  the  three  latter 
volumes  deal  more  particularly  with  the 
vexed  questions  concerning  the  nature  of 
man's  first  appearance  upon  the  earth,  and 
the  apparent  conflict  between  Biblical  his- 
tory and  the  result  of  modern  scientific  re- 
search. If  his  treatment  of  the  subject  is 
not  in  all  respects  satisfactory  to  the  present 
schools  of  scientific  thought,  it  is  at  least  in- 
dependent and  earnest.  Whether  his  in- 
terpretations of  the  archaeological  facts 
bearing  upon  prehistoric  man  will  stand  the 
test  of  time  or  not,  time  only  can  show. 
At  present  he  stands  alone  with  i  egard  to 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


599 


that  subject,  as  far  as  his  scientific  peers 
are  concerned.  The  fact,  however,  has  not 
prevented  the  scientific  worlds  of  Britain 
and  America  from  recognizing  and  honoring 
him  for  his  many  and  valuable  contributions 
to  the  science  of  the  day.  These  have  com- 
prised an  extensive  amount  of  original  re- 
search in  biology,  chemistry,  mineralogy 
and  microscopy,  which  has  been  distin- 
guished not  only  for  its  high  scientific 
merits,  but  for  the  attractive  literary  form 
in  which  it  has  been  presented  to  the  world. 
For  many  years  he  has  been  an  active  and 
esteemed  member  of  the  British  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  was 
elected  president  of  that  learned  body  for 
1886.  It  was  also  through  his  instrumen- 
tality that  the  British  Association  met  in 
Montreal  in  the  summer  of  1884,  and  it  was 
at  the  opening  meeting  in  the  Queen's  Hall 
that  Lord  Lansdowne  announced  the  honor 
of  the  knighthood.  The  American  Asso- 
ciation testified  to  its  appreciation  of  his 
scientific  labors  by  electing  him  to  the  presi- 
dency in  1883.  The  recognition  which  Sir 
William  Dawson's  scientific  attainments 
have  received  abroad,  however,  should  not 
withdraw  attention  from  the  valuable 
services  he  has  rendered,  and  is  rendering, 
to  Canada's  intellectual  development. 
With  this  every  Canadian  is  more  or  less 
practically  concerned.  The  fact  that  a 
united  nationality  can  never  be  built  up  in 
this  Dominion  without  an  educational 
foundation  has  been  recognized  by  a  good 
many  of  our  public  men,  but  by  none  more 
earnestly  than  by  Sir  William  Dawson.  He 
early  took  a  broad  view  of  the  duties  and 
privileges  of  a  university  as  an  intellectual 
centre.  Besides  taking  an  active  part  in 
scientific  and  other  societies  in  Montreal,  he 
has  paid  close  attention  to  the  interests  of 
struggling  schools  and  colleges  in  the  pro- 
vince, and  for  many  years  has  been  per- 
haps the  most  active  worker  in  connection 
with  elementary  education.  This  latter 
subject  has  all  the  importance,  in  Quebec 
province  especially,  which  he  attaches  to  it, 
and  his  efforts  should  be  more  generally 
seconded.  Like  Principal  Grant,  he  is  also 
a  strong  advocate  for  the  higher  education 
of  women,  who  are  now  admitted  to  McGill, 
thanks  to  the  generosity  of  Sir  Donald  A. 
Smith.  This  sketch  would  be  incomplete 
without  a  reference  to  the  annual  excursions 
of  the  Montreal  Natural  History  Society. 
It  is  on  occasions  like  these  that  Sir  William 
Dawson's  qualities  as  a  teacher  are  well  dis- 
played. The  members  go  by  rail  to  some 
point  likely  to  be  interesting  to  varied 


scientific  tastes,  and  then  disperse  for  the 
purpose  of  collecting  whatever  specimens, 
mineralogical,  geological,  or  botanical,  the 
district  will  afford.  A  few  hours  generally 
suffice  to  bring  in  a  large  heap  of  u  booty," 
which  is  placed  before  the  president,  usually 
Sir  "William  Dawson,  who  explains  the 
nature  of  the  specimens  in  clear  and  simple 
language.  These  excursions  have  been  the 
means  of  awakening  an  interest  in  natural 
science  in  the  minds  of  many  who  have 
been  inclined  to  think  that  "the  long, 
learned  names  of  agaric,  moss,  and  fern  " 
were  invented  chiefly  as  a  form  of  modern 
torture.  Sir  William  Dawson  is  a  pleasing 
speaker,  and  it  is  a  tribute  to  the  real  taste 
of  the  day  to  say  that  he  is  always  listened 
to  with  interest  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  he 
does  not  indulge  in  the  cheap  fire-works  of 
oratory.  The  charm  of  his  address  lies  in 
this,  that  he  conveys  clear  and  definite 
ideas  in  clear  and  definite  language.  His 
pronouncements  at  convocation  are  always 
awaited  with  interest,  and  seldom  fail  to 
have  a  weighty  effect  upon  the  deliberations 
of  the  governing  board  of  the  university,  or 
upon  educational  matters  of  the  province 
when  these  are  touched  upon.  His  univer- 
sity lecture,  a  short  time  ago,  on  the  ques- 
tion of  examinations  for  the  learned  pro- 
fessions, was  awaited  by  the  friends  of  Pro- 
testant education  in  the  province  of  Quebec 
with  as  much  interest  as  British  politicians 
await  a  premier's  speech  at  the  Mansion 
House  banquet.  This  question,  which 
affects  not  only  the  interests  of  the  Protes- 
tant universities  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
but  the  rights  of  the  English  minority,  is 
doubtless  familiar  to  all  who  take  an  inter- 
est in  education.  The  action  of  the  Council 
of  the  Bar  of  Quebec  bears  with  great  sever- 
ity upon  McGill,  and  the  Council  is  sup- 
ported by  the  immense  power  of  the  Catholic 
majority ;  but  Sir  William  Dawson  has 
opened  the  battle  for  the  Protestant  univer- 
sities in  such  a  manner  that  there  can  be  no 
question  about  the  ultimate  removal  of  the 
dV  ilities.  He  is  relying  upon  a  deter- 
nL  ^d  use  of  the  weapons  of  irrefragable 
logic  and  appeal  to  the  highest  courts  of  the 
empire  for  victory.  The  battle  will  be  a 
severe  one,  and  it  will  result  not  only  in 
winning  security  for  the  universities,  but 
in  establishing  the  principle  that  the  rights 
of  the  minority  in.  Quebec  must  be  recog- 
nized. At  such  a  crisis  in  the  history  of 
Quebec  education,  it  is  a  matter  for  the 
deepest  congratulation  that  such  a  man  as 
Sir  William  Dawson  should  be  leading  the 
fight  of  liberty  and  justice.  Canada,  indeed, 


600 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


is  fortunate  in  having  able,  broad-minded, 
and  progressive  men  at  the  head  of  her 
principal  universities.  No  other  circum- 
stance can  tell  so  strongly  in  the  future  for 
the  building  up  of  all  that  is  best  and  last- 
ing in  the  nation.  Like  all  growth,  the 
effect  of  educational  work  is  imperceptible 
to  the  observer  watching  its  progress,  but 
the  growth  and  effect  are  there.  When  the 
historian  in  the  next  century  takes  account 
of  the  elements  concerned  in  the  develop- 
ment of  Canada  during  this  century,  he  will 
not  neglect  to.  mark  the  broad  and  solid 
lines  of  our  educational  progress  attributable 
to  Sir  William  Dawson. 

Cockburn,  George  Ralpb  Ricli- 
ard§on,  Toronto,  M.  P.  for  Centre  Toronto, 
was  born  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  15th  Feb- 
ruary, 1834.     He  receive^  his  education  in 
the  High  School  and  University  of  his  native 
city,    where  he  graduated  in  1857,  with  the 
highest  classical  honors,   carrying  off  the 
Stratton  prize.     He  subsequently  prosecuted 
his  classical  studies  in  Germany  under  the 
celebrated  Professor  Zumpt.     On  his  return 
home   he   engaged  for    several   years  as    a 
teacher  at  Merchiston  Castle  Academy  and 
at  Montgreenan  House  Academy.     In  1858 
he   came   to   Canada  and  begau  his  career 
here  as  rector  of  the  Model  Grammar  School, 
having  been  appointed  to  this  position  by  the 
Council  of  Public  Instruction  for  Upper  Can- 
ada.    Some  time  afterwards  he  was  commis- 
sioned by  the  government  of  Canada  to  in- 
rt  the  higher  educational  institutions  of 
province  of  Ontario,  and  the  results  of 
this  investigation,  which  extended   over  a 
period  of  two  years,  were  given  to  the  public 
in  two  comprehensive  reports,  in  which  the 
condition   and   modes  of  higher  education 
were   carefully  and    elaborately   set  forth. 
Mr.  Cockburn  then  visited  a  number  of  the 
principal   institutions    of    learning    in   the 
United   States,    in   order  to  make   himself 
familiar  with  their  methods.    In  1861  he  was 
appointed  principal  of  Upper  Canada  Col- 
lege, and  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  Toronto 
University.     For  over  twenty  years  he  had 
a  successful  career  as  an  instructor  of  youth, 
and  his  able  management  of  Upper  Canada 
College  raised  the  institution  high  in  public 
estimation  both  for  the  thoroughness  of  its 
teaching  and  the  excellent  moral  influence 
which  prevailed  within  its  walls.     After  the 
resignation  of  the  rectorship,  Mr.  Cockburn 
travelled  for  two  years  in  Europe,  making 
himself  acquainted  with  the  various  systems 
of   government  on  that  continent.      There 
are  few  men  in  Canada  who  have  done  more 
than  Mr.  Cockburn  for  the  cause  of  educa- 


tion. The  celebrated  Dr.  Schmidt,  of 
Edinburgh,  said  of  him  that  he  was  no  or- 
dinary scholar,  but  a  thorough  philologist, 
possessing  a  good  insight  into  the  structure, 
the  relation  and  affinities  subsisting  between 
the  ancient  and  modern  languages  of 
Europe,  and  always  characterized  him  as 
one  of  the  best  Latin  scholars  that  Scotland 
has  produced.  Mr.  Cockburn  takes  an 
interest  in  all  public  questions,  and  is  one 
of  the  live  citizens  of  Toronto.  He  is  presi- 
dent of  the  Toronto  Land  and  Investment 
Company  ;  a  director  of  the  London  and 
Canadian  Loan  and  Agency  Company,  the 
Building  and  Loan  Association,  the  Glasgow 
and  London  Assurance  Company,  and  of 
the  Ontario  Bank.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Senate  of  the  University  of  Toronto  for 
over  twenty  years.  At  the  general  election 
of  1887  Mr.  Cockburn  presented  himself  to 
the  electors  of  Centre  Toronto  for  parlia- 
mentary honors,  when  they  returned  him 
by  a  large  majority — his  opponent  being  Mr. 
Harvey.  In  religion  he  is  a  Presbyterian; 
and  in  politics  a  Conservative.  He  is  mar- 
ried to  Mary,  daughter  of  Hampden  Leane, 
of  Kentucky,  United  States. 

Prior,  James,  Manager  of  the  Lybster 
Cotton  Mills,  Merritton,  Ontario,  was  born 
in  Toronto,  on  the  12th  November,  1849. 
His  father,  Richard  Prior,  was  a  British 
soldier,  who  settled  in  Canada  about  the 
year  1847.  James  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  city.  Shortly 
after  leaving  school  he  went  into  a  grocery 
store,  where  he  served  about  four  years,  and 
then  into  the  warehouse  of  Gordon,  Mackay 
and  Co.,  wholesale  dry  goods  merchants, 
Toronto.  Here  he  remained  about  a  year, 
when  in  1868  he  was  transferred  to  that 
firm's  cotton  mills  at  Merritton.  Here  he 
began  his  upward  career,  and  worked  in  a 
subordinate  position  until  1878,  when  he  was 
appointed  manager.  Since  then  he  has 
steadily  devoted  himself  to  the  business,  and 
we  can  say  there  is  now  not  a  more  compe- 
tent manager  of  a  cotton  mill  in  the  Domin- 
ion. For  several  years  Mr.  Prior  has 
travelled  through  the  New  England  States 
to  visit  the  New  England  mills,  and  pick  up 
all  the  new  ideas  introduced,  and  by  this 
means  he  has  been  able  to  produce  in  the 
Lybster  mills  the  finest  cotton  fabrics  in  the 
"  anadian  markets.  Mr.  Prior  has  been  a 
temperance  man  from  youth,  and  has  in 
onsequence  exerted  a  good  influence  among 
;he  employees  in  the  mill  and  in  the  neigh- 
>orhood  in  which  he  resides.  He  has  in 
lis  day  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the  Liberal- 
onservative  cause,  especially  in  its  protec- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


601 


tive  policy  ;  does  not  favor  commercial  union 
with  the  United  States.  In  religion  he  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  was 
married  in  October,  1878,  to  Sara  Ann, 
daughter  of  Alexander  and  Mary  Winslow, 
of  Thorold,  Ontario,  and  has  a  family  of  four 
children,  two  boys  and  two  girls. 

Lemieux,  Francois  Xavler,  Barris- 
ter, M.P.P.  for  the  county  of  Levis,  province 
of  Quebec,  is  the  leading  criminal  lawyer  of 
the  district  of  Quebec,  and  well-known 
throughout  the  Dominion  as  the  principal 
counsel  for  the  defence  in  the  Riel  case,  in 
which  he  was  associated  with  Messrs.  Fitz- 
patrick,  of  Quebec,  and  Greenshieldb,  of 
Montreal.  His  connection  with  this  great 
cause  cehbre,  and  the  popular  excitement  to 
which  it  and  its  tragic  sequel  gave  rise 
throughout  the  country,  but  especially  in 
the  province  of  Quebec,  made  his  name  very 
familiar  at  the  time.  Mr.  Lemieux  was  born 
at  Levis,  on  the  9th  of  April,  1841.  His 
parents  were  of  the  farming  class,  but  his 
uncle,  the  late  Hon.  Fra^ois  Lemieux,  was 
a  man  of  great  public  note  in  his  day,  a 
leading  member  of  the  Quebec  bar,  mem- 
ber for  Levis  county  in  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly of  Canada,  and  one  of  the  commis- 
sioners of  crown  lands  and  public  works 
before  confederation.  His  memory  is  still 
warmly  cherished  by  the  people  of  Levis. 
Our  subject  was  educated  at  the  Levis  Col- 
lege and  Quebec  Seminary,  and  studied  law 
at  Quebec  with  Hon.  M.  A.  Plamondon,  then 
a  prominent  practitioner  and  now  resident 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court  in  the  Artha- 
basca  district,  whose  daughter,  Diana,  he 
afterwards  married.  Called  to  the  bar  in 
1872,  he  soon  distinguished  himsalf,  especial- 
ly as  a  criminal  pleader,  and  his  fame  in  that 
branch  of  the  profession  has  since  risen  to 
such  a  pitch  that  no  prisoner  arraigned  for 
trial  before  the  criminal  courts  of  the  Que- 
bec and  surrounding  districts  considers  his 
interests  at  all  safe  unless  Mr.  Lemieux  has 
been  retained  for  the  defence.  This  popular 
confidence  in  his  abilities  is  undoubtedly 
warranted  by  his  wonderful  success  in  the 
great  majority  of  the  cases  with  which  he 
has  been  connected.  It  has  almost  passed 
into  a  proverb  among  the  French  Canadians 
of  the  Quebec  district,  that  if  any  man  can 
cheat  the  gallows  of  its  due  Francois  Xavier 
Lemieux  is  the  man  to  do  so.  Indeed,  as 
in  the  Boutel  poisoning  case,  he  has  been 
known  to  save  his  client  from  the  last  pen- 
alty of  the  law,  even  after  the  gallows  had 
been  actually  erected  and  within  a  few  hours 
of  the  time  fixed  for  the  execution.  A  man 
of  rare  eloquence  and  knowledge  of  human 


nature,  deeply  versed  in  the  criminal  juris- 
prudence of  the  country  and  always  armed 
at  all  points  for  the  fray,  and  endowed  with 
marvellous  energy  and  versatility,  he  may 
be  said  to  have  no  equal,  and  certainly  no 
superior  in  his  specialty  at  the  Lower  Cana- 
dian bar  to-day.  The  secret  of  his  forensic 
triumphs  must  unquestionably  be  looked  for 
in  his  skill  in  cross-examination  and  his  pow- 
er to  sway  juries,  and  it  was  these  character- 
istics which  pointed  him  out  as  the  fit  and 
proper  person  to  lead  for  the  defence  in  the' 
Riel  case  at  Regina.  It  was  thought  in  Low- 
er Canada  that  if  any  one  could  snatch  the 
half-breed  leader  from  his  perilous  position, 
Mr.  Lemieux  was  the  man,  and,  when  he 
volunteered  his  services  for  the  purpose,  his 
offer  was  accepted  with  an  enthusiastic  burst 
of  gratitude  from  a  great  body  of  his  fellow- 
countrymen.  For  these  hopes  on  the  occa- 
sion, the  result  of  the  trial  proved  disast- 
rous, but  the  effort  he  made  to  save  Riel 
from  the  scaffold,  as  well  on  the  trial  as 
afterwards,  only  served  to  increase  Mr.  Le- 
mieux's  popularity  and  to  intensify  the  bit- 
terness of  the  agitation  which  followed  the 
rebel  leader's  execution.  In  that  agitation 
Mr.  Lemieux  took  a  most  active  and  promi- 
nent part,  figuring  and  speaking  with  his 
impassioned  eloquence  at  nearly  all  the  great 
meetings  at  Quebec,  Montreal,  Levis,  etc., 
to  protest  against  Riel's  hanging  and  the  op- 
pression of  the  half-breeds.  In  fact,  few 
men  contributed  more  to  the  success  of  the 
so-called  national  movement,  which  over- 
threw the  Ross  administration  and  brought 
the  Liberals  and  Conservative  bolters  into 
power  under  Hon.  H.  Mercier  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec  after  the  general  election  of 
October,  1886.  For  some  years  before  the 
Riel  trial,  Mr.  Lemieux  had  been  a  member 
of  the  Quebec  Legislature.  He  had  been 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Bona ven- 
ture during  the  Joly  administration  in  1878, 
and  again  for  Beauce  at  the  general  election 
of  1882  ;  but  in  November,  1883,  on  the  re- 
signation of  Hon.  T.  Paquet  to  accept  the 
shrievalty  of  Quebec,  he  was  returned  after 
a  hard  contest  as  the  representative  of  Levis 
county,  and  re-elected  for  the  same  constitu- 
ency at  the  last  general  election,  when  he 
passed  over  with  his  friends  from  the  Oppo- 
sition to  the  treasury  benches  in  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  on  the  defeat  of  the  Ross 
and  the  formation  of  the  Mercier  govern- 
ment, during  the  session  of  1887.  In  the 
house,  Mr.  Lemieux  is  a  ready  debater,  and 
few  of  his  adversaries  care  to  cross  swords 
with  him.  He  belongs  to  the  Roman  Ca- 
tholic faith;  and  in  politics  is  a  Liberal. 


602 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Jolicoeur,  Philippe  Jacques,  Q.C., 

Assistant  Provincial  Secretary,   Quebec,  is 
one  of  the  prominent  figures  of  official  life 
at  the   ancient   capital,   and   a  gentleman 
•who  has  made  his  mark  in  the  profession  of 
the  law.     He  was  born  in  Quebec,  on  the 
30th  April,  1829,  and  was  educated  in  the 
classics  at  the  Quebec  Seminary,  which  has 
turned  out  so  many  eminent  men  in  the 
church  and  the  learned  professions.    On  the 
completion  of  his  classical  course,  in  1849, 
he  began  the  study  of  the  law  under  Sir 
N.  F.  Belleau,  then  a  prominent  practitioner 
at  the   Quebec   bar,    and  afterwards   first 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  province  of  Que- 
bec, and  on  his  admission  to  the  bar,  in  1854, 
the  two  entered  into  a  law  partnership  which 
was  only  dissolved  in  1858,  when  Sir  Nar- 
cisse  entered  actively  into  politics.     Down 
to  1867,  Mr.  Jolicoeur  continued  to  divide 
his  attention  between  his  extensive  law  prac- 
tice and  his  duties  as  a  member  of  the  city 
council  of  Quebec,  in  which  he  occupied  a 
seat  for  a  number  of  years  with  honor  to 
himself  and  advantage  to  his  fellow-citizens. 
During    his  career  in  the  council,  he  was 
elected  by  his   colleagues   to   act  as  pro- 
mayor  for  the  city  in  the  absence  of  the  re- 
gular incumbent  of  that  office,  and  gave 
public  satisfaction  in  the  position  of  chief 
magistrate.     A  sound  lawyer  and  one  of 
the   most   respectable   and   self-respecting 
practitioners,  with  talents  rather  of  the  solid 
than  the  brilliant  order,  he  was  elevated  to 
the  silk  and  created  a  Q.C.  in  July,  1867, 
and  later  on  in  the  same  month,  on  the 
organization  of  the  provincial  departments 
at  Quebec,  at  the  outset  of  confederation, 
he  was  offered  and  accepted  the  important 
post  of  assistant  provincial  secretary,  which 
he  still  holds,  though  he  has  been  tempt- 
ed to   accept  more   exalted  appointments. 
The    position   of    resident    judge    of    the 
Superior  Court  at  Gaspe  was  in  this  way 
tendered  to  him,  but  family  bereavements 
and  failing   health   compelled   him  to  de- 
cline.    As  an  official,  Mr.  Jolicceur  is  noted 
for  his  efficiency,  urbanity,  and  assiduity 
and  generally  esteemed  by  all  who  come 
into  contact  with  him  officially  or  otherwise. 
Though  he  never  took  a  very  active  part  in 
politics  before  he  entered  the  civil  service, 
he  was  always  an  adherent  and  supporter 
of  the  Conservative  party.     In  religion  he 
is  a  Eoman  Catholic;  and  as  a  French  Ca- 
nadian he  has  ever  taken  a  deep  and  intel- 
ligent interest  in  the  advancement  of  his 


race,  holding  office  for  years  in  the  St.  Jean 
Baptiste  Society  of  Quebec,  and  filling  for 
some  time,  also,  the  position  of  president  of 
Vlnstitut  Canadien  of  that  city.  In  1858, 
he  married  Honorine  Matte,  of  Quebec,  by 
whom  he  has  had  issue  eleven  children,  all 
of  whom  except  four  boys  were  carried  away 
by  the  hand  of  death  while  still  young. 

Cabana,    Hubert   Charon,    Sher- 
brooke,  Quebec,  Prothonotary  of  the  Supe- 
rior Court  for  the  province  of  Quebec,  dis- 
trict of  St.  Francis,  was  born  on  the  14th  of 
June,  1838,  at  Vercheres,  a  parish  situate 
on  the  south  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence  river, 
about  thirty  miles  from  Montreal.     He  is 
the  son  of  Lambert  Charon  Cabana,  a  well- 
to-do  farmer,  of  Vercheres,  and  of  Marie 
Louise  Endfield,  granddaughter  of  Colonel 
Thomas  Endfield,    who   came   direct  from 
England  to  what  is  now  the  province  of 
Quebec,  in  1760,  and  died  in  1812,  being 
eighty-two  years  of  age.     The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  educated  at  the  College  of 
L' Assomption,  in  the  town  of  L' Assomption, 
a  classical  college,  incorporated  as  such  over 
fifty  years   ago.     He  took  a  full  classical 
course,  leaving  the  college  in  June,  1858  ; 
entered  on  the  study  of  the  law  in  October, 
1858  ;  was  admitted  to  practice  on  October 
7th,    1862,    at    Sherbrooke,    and  practised 
there  as  advocate,  solicitor,  and  attorney, 
until  the  17th  September,  1885,  when  he 
was  appointed  prothonotary.     On  the  3rd 
October,  1880,  the  degree  of  Law  Licentiate 
Magister  was  conferred  on  him  by  Lennox- 
ville  University ;  has  been  professor  of  civil 
law   at   the   Lennoxville   University   since 
1880  ;  made  Queen's  counsel  on  the  26th 
June,  1883  ;  elected  bdtonnier  of  the  bar, 
district   of   St.  Francis,   on  the  1st   May, 
1884  ;  elected  member  of  the  city  council 
of  Sherbrooke,  for  the  first  time,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1876,  and  was  continued  in  office  until 
his    appointment  as   prothonotary,    which 
appointment  rendered  him  by  law  unable 
to  act  any  longer  as  councillor,  when  he 
was  unanimously  elected  mayor  of  Sher- 
brooke, in   January,    1880,    and   again  in 
1885.     On  the  13th  October,   1866,  he  es- 
tablished the  Pionnier  de   Sherbrooke,  it 
being  now  the   oldest  established  French 
newspaper  published  in  this  part  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  known  as  the  Eastern  Town- 
ships, in   partnership  with   L.    C.    Belan- 
ger,  now  practising  in  Sherbrooke  as  advo- 
cate.    He  bought  out  Mr.  Belanger's  inter- 
est in  the  paper  on   the  24th  July,  1874, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


603 


and  continued  to  publish  it  till  April,  1878, 
when  he  sold  it  to  "  La  Compagnie  Typo- 
graphique  des  Cantons  de  1'Est,"  of  which 
company  he  was  chosen  president,  and  con- 
tinued to. act  in  that  capacity  until  Septem- 
ber, 1885.  In  September,  1883,  he  went  to 
Europe,  and  in  the  course  of  his  tour  visit- 
ed the  principal  cities  and  places  of  interest 
in  France,  Belgium,  and  Italy.  He  is  a 
Koman  Catholic  in  religion.  On  the  13th 
July,  1866,  he  was  married  to  Marietta, 
eldest  daughter  of  Francis  Carr,  a  well- 
to-do  farmer  of  the  township  of  Compton, 
about  twelve  miles  from  Sherbrooke,  and 
who  had  become  a  Catholic  some  tune  be- 
fore her  marriage,  her  family  being  Pro- 
testant. 

Bot§ford,  Hon.  Bli§s,  Moncton, 
N.B.,  was  born  on  the  26th  November,  1813, 
at  SackviUe,  N.B.  The  Botsford  family 
have  taken  a  prominent  part  in  New  Bruns- 
wick and  Canadian  history.  He  is  the 
seventh  son  of  the  late  Hon.  William  Bots- 
ford, who  was  speaker  of  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Assembly,  and  one  of  the  judges  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  province.  His 
grandfather,  Amos  Botsford,  was  a  United 
Empire  loyalist,  from  Newton,  Conn.,  and 
was  the  first  speaker  of  the  New  Brunswick 
Assembly  after  it  became  a  separate  pro- 
vince, and  held  that  office  for  twenty-eight 
years.  Hon.  Lieut. -Col.  Amos  E.  Botsford, 
senator  from  New  Brunswick,  is  an  elder 
brother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Hon. 
Bliss  Botsford  was  educated  at  King's  Col- 
lege, Fredericton;  studied  law  with  the  late 
William  End,  of  Bathurst;  was  admitted  as 
an  attorney  in  1836;  called  to  the  bar  of 
New  Brunswick  in  1838 ;  and  practised  his 
profession  at  Moncton  from  1836  to  1870. 
During  those  thirty-four  years  he  had  a 
fair  share  of  criminal  as  well  as  an  exten- 
sive civil  practice,  and  gained  well-merited 
distinction  at  the  bar  of  his  native  province. 
He  was  brought  into  special  prominence  by 
the  celebrated  Albertite  suit,  in  which  he 
was  the  defendant's  attorney,  and  won  the 
case.  While  at  the  bar,  his  vigorous, 
earnest,  and  persuasive  style  of  delivery 
always  made  a  favorable  impression  on  a 
jury,  being,  like  most  of  the  members  of  his 
family,  of  commanding  presence,  with  a 
personal  magnetism  that  was  often  irresisti- 
ble. He  sat  for  Westmoreland  in  the  New 
Brunswick  Assembly,  from  1851  to  1854, 
from  1857  to  1861,  and  from  1865  to  Octo- 
ber 24th,  1870,  when  he  was  elevated  to  the 


bench.  As  a  judge,  he  is  held  in  high 
esteem  by  the  profession,  being  very  pains- 
baking,  carefully  weighing  in  his  mind  all 
cases  presented  for  his  consideration,  and  is 
logical  and  concise  in  his  charges  to  the 
jury.  He  is  not  over-exacting  in  his  re- 
quirements of  younger  members  of  the  pro- 
fession, generally  allowing  them  consider- 
able latitude  and  freedom;  but  when  called 
upon  to  decide  any  point  of  a  relevant  or 
irrelevant  character,  he  is  prompt  and  firm 
in  his  decision.  He  was  appointed  surveyor- 
general  in  1865,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
executive  council  during  the  administration 
of  the  late  Hon.  Sir  Albert  Smith,  and  speak- 
er from  1867  until  the  general  election  in 
1870,  his  politics  being  Conservative.  Judge 
Botsford  was  married  in  1842,  at  Moncton, 
to  Jane,  daughter  of  John  Chapman,  from 
Cumberland,  England,  and  has  had  five 
children,  three  daughters  and  one  son  liv- 
ing, all  married,  and  another  son  who  died. 
Sarah  L.,  the  eldest  daughter,  is  the  wife  of 
William  J.  Croasdale,  civil  engineer,  Monc- 
ton; Eliza  is  the  wife  of  George  C.  Peters, 
son  of  Dr.  George  Peters,  deceased,  St. 
John;  Robert  L.  married  Emily  C.,  eldest 
daughter  of  Lewis  Carroll,  and  is  a  physi- 
cian and  surgeon,  practising  at  Kichibucto, 
N.B. ;  and  Florence  is  the  relict  of  the  late 
Thomas  Byers,  Moncton. 

Bain,  .lame*  William,  St.  Poly- 
carpe,  Quebec,  M.P.  for  Soulanges,  was 
born  at  St.  Polycarpe,  Quebec,  on  the  22nd 
June,  1838.  Mr.  Bain  is  one  of  that  very 
large  class  of  French  Canadians  who,  though 
thoroughly  identified  with  their  fellow- 
countrymen,  are  partly  of  Scottish  blood. 
The  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
Daniel  Bain,  from  Caithness-shire,  a  tho- 
rough Scot,  having  all  the  best  character- 
istics of  his  race.  The  mother  was  Ade- 
laide Lantier,  a  descendant  of  an  old  French 
Canadian  family,  sister  of  the  late  J.  P. 
Lantier,  M.P.  for  Soulanges.  The  son  has 
the  Scottish  cast  of  countenance,  and  might 
readily  be  mistaken  for  a  native  of  the  "  land 
of  the  mountain  and  the  flood."  He  was 
educated  in  his  native  town,  where  he  has 
ever  since  resided.  On  arriving  at  man's  es- 
tate, he  entered  business  with  his  father,  who 
carried  on  a  large  trade  as  a  merchant  in 
Polycarpe.  Though  taking  an  active  and 
prominent  part  in  public  affairs  in  his  own 
district  from  an  early  age,  he  has  continued 
to  devote  his  attention  to  his  business,  ex- 
tending it  in  every  way,  until  it  has  brought 


604 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Mm  a  large  amount  of  worldly  prosperity. 
Mr.  Bain  first  devoted  attention  to  school 
affairs,  and  when  elected  to  the  school 
iDoard  was  soon  made  president  of  that 
body,  a  position  which  he  has  retained  for 
ten  years.  At  the  death  of  J.  P.  Lantier, 
in  1882,  the  Conservatives  of  the  county 
chose  Mr.  Bain  as  their  candidate  in  the 
•election  which  was  to  follow.  The  contest 
"was  a  keen  one,  and  resulted  in  the  election 
•of  his  opponent,  G.  E.  S.  De  Beaujeau,  by  a 
majority  of  two  votes.  Mr.  Bain  protested 
the  election,  and  an  appeal  being  made  to 
the  Supreme  Court,  Mr.  Beaujeau  was  un- 
seated. A  new  election  followed  in  Febru- 
ary, 1885,  and  Mr.  Bain  was  returned  by 
a  majority  of  twenty-six  votes,  and  took 
his  seat  in  the  House  of  Commons  at  Ot- 
tawa. The  lot  of  the  French  Conservative 
member  of  parliament  was  not  altogether  a 
happy  one  during  the  contest  in  1887,  ow- 
ing to  the  prejudice  stirred  up  in  relation  to 
the  unfortunate  Biel  affair;  but  Mr.  Bain 
did  not  shrink  from  the  contest,  and  again 
accepted  the  nomination  of  his  party.  The 
struggle  was  one  of  the  keenest  ever  known 
in  the  district;  but  the  people  had  faith  in 
their  old  representative,  and  so  he  still  sits 
in  the  house  as  the  representative  for  Sou- 
langes.  Though  differing  from  the  younger 
school  of  French  Canadian  politicians,  in 
that  he  lays  little  claim  to  being  an  orator, 
and  makes  no  effort  to  shine  in  the  theatri- 
cal way  so  many  of  them  affect,  Mr.  Bain 
performs  the  duties  of  a  representative  of 
the  people  faithfully  and  well.  He  is  strict- 
ly regular  in  his  attendance,  and  brings  to 
bear  upon  the  legislation  of  the  house  prac- 
tical experience  in  business  affairs,  and  good 
common  sense.  In  1877  Mr.  Bain  married 
Georgiana,  daughter  of  the  late  J.  O.  Lan- 
tier, well  known  in  Montreal  for  many  years 
as  a  prominent  merchant. 

<  hi, holm.  Mrs.  Addie,  Ottawa,  Pre- 
sident of  the  Women's  Christian  Temperance 
Union  of  Ontario,  is  a  native  Canadian,  hav- 
ing been  born  in  the  city  of  Hamilton,  On- 
tario. Her  early  life  was  spent  there,  ex- 
cepting a  few  years  devoted  to  study  in  the 
Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary,  at  Lima,  New 
York,  where  she  was  distinguished  for  dili- 
gence, aptitude,  and  general  proficiency. 
Both  before  and  after  her  marriage  she  was 
known  as  an  enthusiastic  worker  in  every 
religious  and  charitable  movement,  and 
many  benevolent  institutions  had  the  ad- 
vantage of  her  wise  counsel,  gentle  sympa- 


thy and  bright  encouragement.  As  an  in- 
fant class  teacher  in  one  of  the  Methodist 
Sunday  schools  of  Hamilton,  she  was  re- 
markably successful  in  developing  on  right 
lines  the  tender  minds  that  were  entrusted 
to  her  care,  and  here  she  passed  through 
just  the  training  to  fit  her  for  the  broader 
sphere  of  usefulness  that  was  waiting  her 
riper  talents  and  attainments.  Sympa- 
thizing very  deeply  with  the  temperance 
reformation,  she  could  not  but  be  drawn 
strongly  towards  the  crusade  work  which 
was  so  successful  in  the  United  States  some 
years  ago.  and  when  that  great  uprising 
of  loving,  ill-treated  womanhood,  was  crys- 
talized  into  the  effective  and  permanent 
form — the  Women's  Christian  Temperance 
Union  organization,  Mrs.  Chisholm  at  once 
came  to  the  front  as  one  of  its  enthusiastic 
supporters,  warmest  advocates,  and  most 
efficient  directors.  Mrs.  Yeomans  was  the 
first  president  of  the  Ontario  Union,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  Chisholm,  several 
years  ago,  and  has  held  the  position  up  till 
to-day,  being  annually  reinstated  by  the 
unanimous  vote  of  her  appreciative  sisters. 
Her  success  in  this  sphere  of  responsibility 
must  be  judged  by  the  facts  already  so  well 
known  in  regard  to  the  results  attained  by 
this  great  organization — results  that  were 
only  possible  through  the  united,  prayerful, 
determined  work  of  many  loving  hearts  and 
heads,  as  well  as  a  skilful  leadership  possess- 
ed of  the  faculty  to  govern,  and  guided  and 
blessed  by  the  wisdom  and  strength  with- 
out which  all  labor  is  in  vain.  Not  merely 
in  the  many  organizations  with  which  she 
has  been  connected,  chief  among  which,  of 
course,  is  the  Union,  has  Mrs.  Chisholm 
shown  her  genius  and  skill.  For  near  four 
years  she  has  been  publisher  and  editor  of 
the  Womaii's  Journal,  the  Canadian  organ 
of  the  White  Kibbon  Army.  She  has  also 
written  tracts  and  pamphlets  that  have 
blessed  and  helped  the  temperance  cause 
everywhere.  She  has  visited,  spoken,  orga- 
nized, and  worked  with  an  untiring  energy 
that  could  only  come  from  deep  sympathy 
and  fervent  zeal  ;  while  every  act  has  been 
characterized  by  Christian  gentleness  and 
kindness,  that  won  where  more  openly  ag- 
gressive methods  would  be  sure  to  fail.  We 
earnestly  hope  that  our  good  sister  may  long 
be  spared  to  aid  with  her  tongue,  her  pen, 
and  her  brain,  the  cause  that  is  so  near  to 
our  heart,  and  that  under  the  management 
and  direction  of  such  as  she,  and  "  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


605- 


blessing  that  maketh  rich  and  addeth  no 
sorrow,"  the  Women's  Christian  Temper- 
ance Union  may  continue  a  mighty  power 
for  good,  until  the  end  for  which  it  was  or- 
ganized has  been  fully  attained. 

Woye§,  John  Powell,  Q.C.,  Advocate, 
Waterloo,  Quebec  province,  was  born  at  Pot- 
ton,  county  of  Brome,  Quebec,  on  the  15th 
September,  1842.  His  father,  Heman  B. 
Noyes,  was  of  English  descent,  coming  to 
Canada  from  Tunbridge,  Vermont,  where 
six  generations  of  the  family  are  buried. 
His  mother,  Sarah  Powell,  is  also  of  Eng- 
lish descent,  but  was  born  at  Potton,  Que- 
bec. The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educat- 
ed at  Bangor,  Franklin  county,  N.Y.,  and  at 
Fort  Covington  Academy.  In  1861  he 
settled  at  Waterloo,  studied  law  first  with 
Huntington  &  Lay,  and  afterwards  with 
Hon.  Mr.  Laframboise  ;  graduated  at  the 
law  school  connected  with  St.  Mary's  Col- 
lege, Montreal ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  October,  1866,  and  was  created  a  Queen's 
counsel  in  1879.  He  has  held  the  offices  of 
secretary -treasurer  of  the  township  of  Shef- 
ford  and  village  of  Waterloo,  chairman  of 
the  Waterloo  school  board,  special  commis- 
sioner of  Bolton  lands,  batonnier  of  the 
Bedford  bar,  and  is  at  present  batonnier- 
general  of  the  bar  of  the  province  of  Que- 
bec. He  has  been  secretary-treasurer  of 
the  Stanstead,  Shefford,  and  Chambly  Kail- 
way  for  more  than  ten  years.  In  1864  he 
became  editor  of  the  Waterloo  Advertiser, 
and  continued  to  be  so  until  1875,  making 
the  paper  a  strong  exponent  of  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Liberal  party,  as  well  as  a  very 
readable  general  newspaper.  He  is  a  lead- 
ing member  of  the  Masonic  Order  in  his 
district  ;  was  worshipful  master  of  his  lodge 
for  three  terms  ;  first  principal  of  the  R.A. 
Chapter;  and  grand  Z.  of  Grand  Chapter  of 
E.A.M.,  of  Quebec,  for  1885  and  1886. 
He  has  taken  part  in  all  political  contests, 
and  in  municipal  affairs,  since  1860  ;  has 
been  secretary,  and  later  chairman,  of  Shef- 
ford County  Reform  Club  for  many  years  ; 
and  this  has  kept  him  in  politics  a  great 
deal,  as  it  has  been  remarked  that  this 
county  seems  to  have  a  political  contest  al- 
ways on  hand.  As  if  to  make  good  our 
words,  a  contest  is  now  (February,  1888) 
going  on,  and  Mr.  Noyes  has  been  select- 
ed by  the  Reform  or  national  convention 
of  the  county  as  its  candidate;  but  in  a 
county  where  the  parties  are  so  evenly  di- 
vided, it  is  always  difficult  to  tell  in  advance 


who  will  be  elected.  In  religion,  he  is  Pro- 
testant, and  belongs  to  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land ;  has  often  been  a  delegate  to  the 
Synod,  and  a  valued  member  of  various; 
committees  there.  He  was  married,  in  No- 
vember, 1867,  to  Lucy  A.,  daughter  of 
Joseph  Merry,  of  Magog,  Quebec,  whose 
father  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  there,, 
by  whom  he  had  issue  six  children,  only 
four  of  whom  are  now  living.  Mrs.  Noyes 
graduated  before  her  marriage,  at  McGill 
Normal  School,  with  academy  diploma,  and 
is  at  present  provincial  superintendent  of 
the  department  of  physiology  and  hygiene 
of  the  Women's  Christian  Temperance  Un- 
ion of  the  province  of  Quebec. 

Pope,  lion.  Jame§  Colledge,  was 
born  at  Bedeque,  Prince  Edward  Islandr 
on  the  llth  June,  1826.  He  was  the  second 
son  of  the  Hon.  Joseph  Pope,  and  his 
mother  was  Lucy  Colledge,  daughter  of 
Capt.  Colledge,  of  the  1st  regiment  of 
foot,  who  married  a  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  Thomas  Wright,  several  times  ad- 
ministrator of  the  government  of  the  island, 
and  who  was  one  of  the  commissioners  ap- 
pointed to  administer  the  oath  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  first  parliament  which  met  in 
Charlottetown  in  1773.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  received  his  early  education  on  the 
island,  and  was  afterwards  sent  to  England 
to  complete  it.  In  early  manhood  he 
entered  upon  a  mercantile  career,  as  mer- 
chant, shipbuilder  and  shipowner,  at  Sum- 
merside,  P.E.I.,  where  he  lived  for  many 
years,  and  which  he  was  largely  instru- 
mental in  building  up.  He  was  one  of  the 
passengers  by  the  brig  Fancy  to  California, 
when  the  gold  fever  broke  out  there  in  1849. 
In  1863  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Char- 
lottetown, where  he  remained  until  1878, 
when  his  acceptance  of  the  portfolio  of 
minister  of  marine  necessitated  his  removal 
to  Ottawa.  The  last  three  years  of  his  life 
he  spent  at  Summerside,  his  old  home,  where 
he  died  on  the  morning  of  the  18th  May, 
1885  ;  and  was  buried  at  St.  Eleanor's,  in 
St.  Mary's  churchyard  (Episcopal),  where 
a  very  handsome  granite  obelisk,  erected  as 
a  tribute  from  his  many  friends,  marks  the 
last  resting-place  of  one  of  Prince  Edward 
Island's  most  gifted  and  patriotic  sons. 
Mr.  Pope  entered  political  life  in  1857,  and 
from  that  time  onwards  he  was  engaged  in 
a  constant  turmoil  of  political  excitement, 
having  his  ups  and  downs  like  most  politi- 
cians. On  the  10th  September,  1870,  he- 


606 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


became  leader  of  a  coalition  government, 
which,  however,  only  lasted  two  years ; 
but  he  was,  on  the  dissolution  of  the 
house,  triumphantly  returned  for  Charlotte- 
town,  although  he  failed  to  secure  a  ma- 
jority in  the  new  house.  On  the  19th  Octo- 
ber, 1878,  he  was  sworn  a  member  of  her 
Majesty's  Privy  Council  for  Canada,  and  re- 
ceived the  portfolio  of  minister  of  marine 
and  fisheries,  a  position  he  held  but  a  short 
time,  when  in  1881  he  was  forced,  to  the 
inexpressible  grief  of  his  many  friends,  by  a 
general  breaking  up  of  his  mental  and 
physical  powers,  to  retire  from  the  active 
duties  of  his  office,  never,  as  the  sequel 
proved,  to  resume  them  again.  He  al- 
ways occupied  a  foremost  place  among 
those  with  whom  his  lot  was  cast.  In  his 
early  life  he  took  a  very  active  interest  in 
the  volunteer  movement,  and  passed  through 
the  various  grades,  retiring  with  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  Besides  being  one  of 
the  most  prominent  merchants,  he  was  also 
one  of  the  largest  landholders  on  the  island, 
and  farmed  more  extensively  than  any  other 
man  on  it.  He  was  also  engaged  in  fishing 
industries,  besides  being  interested  in  many 
other  business  ventures.  He,  however,  at- 
tempted too  much  for  his  powers  of  en- 
durance, and  thus  brought  a  useful  life  to 
an  early  close.  In  everything  that  he  under- 
took, however,  whether  political,  commercial 
or  agricultural,  he  had  the  interests  of  the 
island  at  heart,  and  his  memory  will  ever 
be  revered  by  his  countrymen,  who  possess 
monuments  of  his  energy  and  worth  more 
enduring  than  brass.  The  Prince  Edward 
Island  Eailway  is  a  memento  of  his  public 
career  that  will  ever  serve  to  keep  his 
memory  green.  In  1852  he  married  Eliza, 
second  daughter  of  Thomas  Pethick,  of 
Charlottetown,  by  whom  he  had  issue  eight 
children. 

Germain,  Adolphe,  Barrister,  Sorel, 
province  of  Quebec,  was  born  in  St.  Ours, 
in  the  same  province,  in  June,  1837.  His 
father  was  Frangois  Germain,  an  old  patriot 
of  1837-38.  Mr.  Germain  received  a 
classical  course  of  education  at  St.  Hya- 
cinthe  College,  Quebec  province,  and 
afterwards  studied  law  ;  and  for  over 
fifteen  years  he  has  successfully  practised 
his  profession  in  Sorel,  first  alone,  but 
latterly  under  the  firm  name  of  Germain  & 
Germain,  his  partner  being  his  eldest  son, 
S.  Adolphe  Germain.  In  1878  he  was 
created  a  Queen's  counsel.  He  has  been 


frequently  called  upon  to  represent  the 
attornev-  general  of  Quebec  province  in 
Crown  cases,  and  was  one  of  the  joint  coun- 
sel in  the  celebrated  Provencher  trial,  in 
which  the  accused  was  found  guilty,  along 
with  his  paramour,  of  poisoning  the  latter' s 
husband,  and  afterwards  executed  for  the 
murder — the  woman  being  sent  to  the 
penitentiary  for  life.  Mr.  Germain  has 
been  mayor  of  Sorel,  and  is  dean  of  the  bar 
of  Quebec,  for  the  district  of  Kichelieu.  He 
is  a  public-spirited  gentleman,  and  has 
identified  himself  with  the  leading  improve- 
ments— among  others  the  fine  public  build- 
ings recently  erected — in  the  thriving  town 
in  which  he  resides.  He  has  also  taken  an 
active  interest  in  all  the  political  move- 
ments of  the  country,  and  stands  high  in 
the  estimation  of  his  fellow-citizens.  In 
religion  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Eoman 
Catholic  church ;  and  in  politics  is  a  staunch 
Liberal.  In  February,  1862,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Marie  Louise  Demers,  and  the  issue 
of  the  marriage  has  been  five  children. 

Sear§,  James  Walker,  Lieutenant 
South  Saffordshire  regiment,  was  born  in 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  22nd 
January,  1861.  He  is  a  son  of  John  Sears, 
of  St.  John,  N.B.,  and  Ann,  daughter  of 
theEev.  William  Blackwood,  of  Nova  Scotia, 
and  grandson  of  Thatcher  Sears,  a  United 
Empire  loyalist,  of  the  former  place.  He  re- 
ceived his  primary  education  in  various 
private  schools  in  his  native  city.  He 
left  St.  John  in  1877,  and  after  spending  a 
year  at  the  Collegiate  Institute  at  Gait, 
Ontario,  became  a  cadet  at  the  Eoyal  Mili- 
tary College  at  Kingston.  Here,  on  the 
25th  June,  1881,  after  a  course  of  studies 
lasting  for  three  and  a  half  years,  and  hav- 
ing passed  a  successful  examination,  he  was 
awarded  a  commission  in  the  Canadian 
militia,  and  a  commission  hi  Her  Majesty's 
38th  South  Staffordshire  regiment  of  foot. 
In  this  regiment  he  served  throughout  the 
Egyptian  campaign  of  1882,  was  present 
at  the  reconnaissance  in  force  at  Kafr-el 
Dwar  on  the  5th  August,  the  surrender  of 
Damietta  by  Abdulal,  and  the  subsequent 
occupation  of  Cairo.  For  those  services  he 
received  a  medal  and  the  Khedive's  star. 
He  visited  the  Holy  Land  in  April,  1883, 
and  in  May  of  the  same  year  returned  to 
Malta  from  Egypt  with  his  regiment.  He 
was  appointed  Lieutenant  in  the  Infantry 
School  corps  by  the  Canadian  government 
in  December,  1883,  in  which  corps,  at  To- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


607 


ronto,  he  has  since  held  the  appointment 
of  adjutant.  Ho  served  in  the  North- West 
rebellion  of  1885  as  brigade  major  of  the 
Battleford  column,  and  was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Cut  Knife  Hill,  and  subsequently 
commanded  the  scout  corps  of  the  Turtle 
Lake  column  in  the  pursuit  of  Big  Bear.  He 
was  mentioned  in  despatches,  and  received 
the  medal  and  clasp.  He  became  brevet 
captain  in  the  Canadian  militia  on  the  21st 
December,  1887. 

Proulx,  Hon.  Jean  Bapti§te 
George,  Nicolet,  province  of  Quebec,  was 
born  at  Nicolet,  on  the  23rd  April,  1809,  and 
died  on  the  27th  January,  1884.  He  was  the 
son  of  J.  B.  Proulx  and  Magdalen  Hebert. 
His  great  grandfather  was  one  of  the 
oldest  settlers  of  Nicolet,  having  settled 
there  in  1725.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  educated  at  Nicolet  College.  He  was 
elected,  in  I860,  for  De  La  Valliere,  and  sat 
in  the  Legislative  Council  until  the  union. 
In  1867,  he  was  appointed  to  the  Legis- 
lative Council  for  life.  He  was  a  Liberal 
in  politics.  He  was  one  of  the  patriots  of 
1837 ;  and  was  charged  with  having  cast  bul- 
lets, but  was  not  arrested.  He  was  married, 
on  the  20th  January,1835,  to  Julia,daughter 
of  Dr.  Calvin  Alexander,  a  graduate  of  Har- 
vard, and  had  issue  as  follows : — Bev.  M.  G. 
Proulx,  of  Nicolet  College,  and  Bevs.  Ed- 
ward and  Stephen  Proulx,  of  the  Society  of 
Jesus. 

Ciiarlcboi§,  Alplionse,  Contractor, 
Quebec,  is  well  known  throughout  the  Do- 
minion as  an  extensive  and  successful  under- 
taker of  great  public  works.  A  French-Ca- 
nadian, he  is  endowed  with  more  than  the 
ordinary  energy  and  versatility  of  his  race, 
and  his  career  furnishes  an  apt  illustration 
of  the  triumph  of  tact  and  pluck  over  ad- 
verse circumstances.  He  was  not  of  the 
fortunate  class  who  are  said  to  come  into  the 
world  with  "  a  silver  spoon  in  their  mouth." 
His  parents  were  simple  Lower  Canadian 
habitants,  and  our  subject  was  born  of  their 
marriage  at  the  town  of  St.  Henri,  Hoche- 
laga  county,  on  the  outskirts  of  Montreal, 
on  the  15th  December,  1841.  His  father, 
Arse"ne  Charlebois,  was  a  native  of  Pointe 
Claire,  in  Jacques  Cartier  county,  P.Q.,  and 
his  mother  was  Edwidge  Chagnon,  of  Ver- 
cheres,  P.Q.  On  his  father's  side  he  is 
closely  related  to  the  late  Mr.  Charlebois, 
M.P.P.  for  Laprairie;  to  the  Bev.  Mr.  Char- 
lebois, cure  of  Ste.  Therese,  and  to  the  late 
Dr.  Charlebois,  of  Bleury  street,  Montreal; 


and,  on  his  mother's,  to  the  late  Sir  George 
Etienne  Cartier,  who  owed  his  election  for 
Vercheres,  then  one  of  the  most  Liberal 
constituencies  in  Lower  Canada  (after  his 
defeat  in   Montreal  East   by   the   present 
Chief  Justice  Sir  A.  A.  Dorion),  mainly  to 
:he  exertions  and  influence  of  her  brother, 
:he  late   Paschal  Chagnon,  of  Vercheres. 
Young  Charlebois  was  educated  partly  at 
:,he  Christian  Brothers'  School  and  partly  at 
Maxwell's  Commercial  School,  both  in  Mon- 
treal, receiving  a  fair  commercial  training, 
in   French   and    English.      After  leaving 
school  he  served  about  a  year  to  the  build- 
er's trade  in  Montreal,  and  then  entered  the 
hardware  trade  in  that  city  as  a  clerk  to  the 
late  Mr.  Brewster,  with  whom  he  remained 
nine  years  down  to  1865,  when  he  bought 
out  the  business  on  the  retirement  of  his 
employer.     Two  years  later,  he  abandoned 
hardware,  and  boldly  took  up  the  lumber 
trade  in  Montreal,  making  advances  to  the 
lumberers  on  the  Gatineau,  and  otherwise 
speculating  in  the  great  staple  of  the  coun- 
try with  more  or  less  success  until  1872, 
when  he  took  a  new  and  still  more  enter- 
prising departure.     Since  the  days  of  the 
Hon.  Francois  Baby  in  Lower  Canada,  no 
French-Canadian  had  figured  prominently 
as  a  public  contractor.     In  that  field,  the 
English   speaking   element  were  virtually 
without  competition.  Mr.  Charlebois  pluck- 
ily  resolved  to  enter  it,  and  the  results  have 
more  than  justified  this  step  on  his  part. 
He  is  to-day  known  from  Halifax  to  Van- 
couver as   a   leading   contractor,  and   the 
country  is  indebted  to  him  for  the  success- 
ful execution  of  some  of  its  most  important 
public  works.    His  first  undertaking  in  this 
line  was  on  the  Lachine  canal,  and  since 
then  he  has  been  connected  with  the  con- 
tracts  for   the  Dufferin   improvements   at 
Quebec,  the   graving   dock   at   Levis,  the 
Georgian  Bay  branch  of  the  C.P.B.,  the 
construction  of  four  sections  of  the  same 
road  in   British  Columbia,  and   the  erec- 
tion of  the  new   parliament   buildings  at 
Quebec,  and  of  the  new  departmental  build- 
ings on  Wellington   street,    Ottawa.     The 
two  last  mentioned  structures   remain   as 
lasting   monuments,    as   well   to   his  taste 
and   skill,  as   to  his  energy  as  a  builder. 
He  is    a  director  of  the  Clemow  syndicate 
for  the  construction  of  the  Great  North- 
Western  Central  Bailway,  Manitoba,   and 
before  his  removal  from  Montreal  to  Que- 
bec, which  is  now  his  residence,  he  was 


608 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


during  three  years  an  alderman,  and  after- 
wards, during  four  years,  mayor  of  his 
native  town  of  St.  Henri.  He  belongs  to 
the  Roman  Catholic  faith,  and  during  his 
residence  in  the  Montreal  district  was  elect- 
ed people's  trustee  for  life  of  the  Eoman 
Catholic  parish  church  of  St.  Henri.  He 
has  travelled  exclusively  in  Canada  and  the 
United  States,  chiefly  on  business.  In  1865 
he  married  Marie  Flore  Charlotte  Valois, 
daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Valois,  of  Pointe 
Claire,  and  at  one  time  M.P.  for  the  county 
of  Jacques  Cartier,  P.Q.,  and  by  her  has 
had  issue  four  children,  all  of  whom  are 
still  in  their  teens. 

Dupre,  Rev.  L..  L,.,  Sorel,  province 
of  Quebec,  was  born  in  Sorel,  in  1841,  and 
educated  at  the  Seminary  of  St.  Hyacinthe, 
P.Q.  In  1868,  he  was  ordained  a  priest, 
and  placed  as  vicar  in  tfye  Eoman  Catholic 
cathedral.  In  1873,  he  was  called  as  vicar 
to  his  native  town,  and  in  1875  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  important  post  of  cur^  of 
Sorel.  Sorel  being  the  most  considerable 
place  in  the  Roman  Catholic  diocese  of  St. 
Hyacinthe,  requires  the  unremitting  exer- 
tions and  oversight  of  the  pastor,  and  no 
one  could  perform  the  duties  more  zealous- 
ly and  unremittingly  than  does  the  present 
worthy  incumbent.  The  rev.  father  has,  in  ad- 
dition to  his  special  duties,  assisted  in  many 
ways  in  promoting  the  material  welfare  of 
his  native  town.  As  an  instance,  it  may  be 
mentioned  that  in  1880,  by  his  exertions 
amongst  his  parishioners  subscriptions  were 
raised  to  an  amount  sufficient  to  build  a 
large  addition  to  the  general  hospital  of 
Richelieu  county,  rendering  that  institution 
much  more  comfortable  for  the  patients,  and 
more  suitable  to  the  growing  requirements 
of  the  town.  He  was  also  mainly  instru- 
mental in  furthering  the  erection  of  the  new 
college  building,  which  is  acknowledged  to 
be  the  finest  structure  of  the  kind  in  the 
province.  Since  his  incumbency,  he  has 
had  the  former  parish  of  St.  Peter's  divided 
into  three  distinct  parishes — St.  Peter's,  Ste. 
Anne,  and  St.  Joseph.  The  parish  of  Ste. 
Anne,  of  which  parish  Mr.  Dupr^  is  the 
cure",  is  quite  a  populous  one,  and  through 
his  active  exertions,  a  commodious  stone 
church  was  soon  built  in  the  parish,  on  one 
of  the  finest  sites  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  That 
the  cure  possesses  very  superior  adminis- 
trative abilities  is  sufficiently  proved  by  the 
foregoing,  and  is  further  attested  by  the 
manner  in  which  he  performs  his  onerous 


ecclesiastical  duties.  He  has  a  remarkable 
memory,  is  a  fluent  speaker,  and  as  a  pulpit 
orator  is  unequalled  by  few.  He  is  an  ar- 
dent admirer  of  art,  which  he  patronises 
liberally,  and  is  possessed  of  a  considerable 
collection  of  valuable  and  rare  books,  en- 
gravings, etc.,  proving  a  literary  and  culti- 
vated taste.  He  is  much  esteemed  by  his 
parishioners  and  by  the  community  of  Sorel 
generally. 

Te§§ier,  Jule§,  Barrister,  Quebec, 
M.P.P.  for  Portneuf,  is  one  of  the  most  con- 
spicuous and  popular  figures  in  the  legal, 
political  and  social  life  of  the  ancient  capi- 
tal. His  distinguished  father,  Hon.  U.  J. 
Tessier,  is  a  judge  of  the  Court  of  Queen'e 
Bench  for  the  province  of  Quebec,  and  was 
formerly  member  for  Portneuf  in  the  Cana- 
dian parliament,  commissioner  of  public 
works  in  the  Macdonald-Sicotte  administra- 
tion, speaker  of  the  Legislative  Council  be- 
fore confederation,  and  at  one  time  mayor 
of  Quebec.  Between  the  careers  of  the  father 
and  son  there  are  many  points  of  resem- 
blance. The  father  was  one  of  the  most 
prominent  members  of  the  Quebec  bar  in  his 
day ;  the  son  is  a  rising  member  of  the  same 
bar.  The  father  represented  Portneuf  in 
the  Canadian  parliament;  the  son  represents 
the  same  constituency  in  the  Quebec  legis- 
lature. Lastly,  the  father  was  a  member  of 
the  city  council  and  mayor  of  Quebec;  the 
son  to-day  is  one  of  the  councillors  for  St. 
Louis  ward  of  that  city,  and  a  prominent 
member  of  the  civic  body,  though  still 
quite  a  young  man.  He  was  born  at  Que- 
bec, in  1852.  His  mother,  now  deceased, 
before  her  marriage,  was  a  Miss  Kelly,  and 
a  member  of  the  Drapeau  family,  seigneurs 
of  Rimouski.  His  maternal  grandfather  was 
of  Irish  extraction,  but  the  remainder  of  his 
parentage  is  French-Canadian  on  both  sides. 
Educated  in  the  classics  at  the  Quebec  Semi- 
nary and  the  Jesuits'  College,  Montreal,  he 
afterwards  studied  law,  and  was  called  to 
the  bar  in  1874,  and  soon  acquired  a  con- 
siderable practice,  together  with  the  confi- 
dence of  the  public  and  the  esteem  of  his 
professional  brethren.  He  is  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  '  Quebec  Law  Reports.'  In 
politics,  Mr.  Tessier,  like  his  father  while  in 
public  life,  is  what  is  termed  a  moderate 
Liberal,  but  almost  from  his  youth  he  has 
been  actively  identified  with  all  the  struggles 
of  the  Liberal  party  in  the  Quebec  district. 
He  was  secretary  of  the  National  Convention 
held  in  1880,  and  was  elected  president  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


609 


the  Quebec  Liberal  Club  after  its  reorgani- 
zation for  the  last  provincial  and  federal 
electoral  campaign,  which  office  he  still 
holds.  As  such,  he  was  selected  as  the 
party's  candidate  to  oppose  ex-Mayor 
Brousseau,  of  Quebec,  in  Portneuf  county, 
for  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  province, 
at  the  general  election  of  October,  1886, 
and  defeated  his  adversary,  who  had  been 
the  sitting  member,  by  a  very  heavy  ma- 
jority. In  the  house,  he  is  recognized  as  one 
of  the  staunchest  supporters  of  the  Mercier 
government,  and  has  proved  himself  a  most 
useful  member.  To  his  exertions  Quebec 
was  mainly  indebted  for  its  selection  for  the 
holding  of  the  Provincial  Exhibition  of 
1887,  which  was  so  great  a  success.  Mr. 
Tessier  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of  Rome ; 
and  for  many  years  past  one  of  the  princi- 
pal officers  of  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society, 
of  Quebec.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Lake 
St.  John  Railway  Company,  and  a  member 
of  the  Provincial  Board  of  Arts.  He  is 
married  to  a  daughter  of  Edmund  Barnard, 
the  well-known  QrC.,  of  Montreal,  and  his 
two  sisters  are  the  wives  respectively  of  the 
Hon.  Alexander  Chauveau,  who  was  solici- 
tor-general in  the  Joly  administration,  and 
is  now  police  judge  at  Quebec,  and  of. Lieut. - 
Col.  Duchesnay,  deputy  adjutant-general 
for  the  Quebec  military  district. 

Aikins,  Hon.  James  Cox,  P.C., 
Lieut. -Govern or  of  Manitoba  and  Keewa- 
tin  Territory,  was  born  in  the  township  of 
Toronto,  Peel  county,  Ontario,  on  the  30th 
of  March,  1823.  His  father,  the  late  James 
Aikins,  emigrated  from  the  county  of  Mona- 
ghan,  Ireland,  to  Philadelphia,  in  1816. 
and  after  a  residence  of  four  years  there  he 
removed  to  Upper  Canada,  and  took  up  a 
quantity  of  land  in  the  first  concession 
north  of  the  Dundas  road,  in  the  township 
of  Toronto.  The  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  the  eldest  son,  and  was  brought  up  on 
his  father's  farm,  and  was  early  inured  to 
the  hardships  of  rural  life  in  Canada  in  those 
primitive  times.  He  united  with  the  Metho- 
dist body  at  an  early  age.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  in  the  neighborhood  of 
his  home,  and  afterwards  spent  some  time 
at  the  Upper  Canada  Academy,  at  Cobourg, 
which  subsequently  developed  into  Victoria 
College  and  University.  At  the  first  colle- 
giate examination,  which  was  held  in  1843, 
he  figured  as  one  of  the  merit  students. 
After  completing  his  education  he  settled 
down  on  a  farm  in  the  county  of  Peel,  a 
LL 


few  miles  from  his  palernal  homestead.  -In 
1845,  soon  after  leaving  college,  he  married 
Mary  Elizabeth  Jane  Somerset,  the  daugh- 
ter of  a  neighboring  yeoman.  In  1851  he 
was  tendered  the  nomination  as  the  repre- 
sentative of  his  native  constituency  in  the 
Legislative  Assembly,  and  declined,  but  at 
the  general  election  held  in  1854,  he  offered 
himself  as  a  candidate  on  the  Reform  side, 
in  opposition  to  the  sitting  member,  George 
Wright,  and  was  elected.  Upon  taking  his 
seat  he  recorded  his  first  vote  against  the 
Hincks-Morin  administration,  and  thus  par- 
ticipated in  bringing  about  the  downfall  of 
that  ministry.  He  voted  for  the  seculariza- 
tion of  the  clergy  reserves,  and  his  voice 
was  occasionally  heard  in  support  of  mea- 
sures relating  to  public  improvements.  In 
the  election  of  1861,  owing  to  his  action  on 
the  county  town  question,  which  excited 
keen  sectional  opposition,  he  was  defeated 
by  the  late  Hon.  John  Hillyard  Cameron. 
The  following  year  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislative  Council  for  the  Home 
Division,  comprising  the  counties  of  Peel 
and  Halton.  He  continued  to  sit  in  the 
council  so  long  as  that  body  had  an  exis- 
tence ;  and  when  it  was  swept  away  by 
confederation  he  was  called  to  the  Senate 
of  the  Dominion.  On  the  9th  of  December, 
1867,  he  accepted  office  in  the  government 
of  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald,  as  secretary  of 
state,  and  has  ever  since  been  a  follower  of 
that  statesman.  During  his  tenure  of  office 
the  Dominion  lands  bureau  was  established 
— which  has  since  extended  until  it  has  be- 
come an  independent  department  of  state 
under  control  of  the  minister  of  the  interior. 
The  Public  Lands  Act  of  1872,  is  another 
measure  which  dates  from  Mr.  Aikins'  term 
of  office.  The  disclosure  with  reference  to 
the  sale  of  the  Pacific  Railway  charter  re- 
sulted, in  November,  1873,  in  the  over- 
throwing of  the  government.  Upon  Sir 
John  A.  Macdonald's  return  to  power  in 
October,  1878,  he  again  accepted  office  as 
secretary  of  state,  and  retained  that  posi- 
tion until  the  month  of  November,  1880, 
when  there  was  a  readjustment  of  portfolios, 
and  he  became  minister  of  inland  revenue 
— which  he  held  until  his  resignation,  23rd 
May,  1882.  On  the  22nd  September,  1882, 
he  was  appointed  lieutenant-governor  of 
the  province  of  Manitoba,  and  Keewatin 
Territory.  He  is  major  of  the  3rd  batta- 
lion Peel  Militia,  and  chairman  of  the  Mani- 
toba and  North- West  Loan  Company. 


610 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Taidiercau,  Hon.  Jean  Tlioma§, 

LL.D.,  Quebec,  late  Judge  of  1he  Supreme 
Court  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  is  a  gen- 
tleman, the  simple  mention  of  whose  name 
recalls  a  family  famous  in  the  political 
annals  of  Lower  Canada,  and  which  has 
given  more  emminent  men  to  the  church 
and  bench  than  probably  any  other  in  the 
country.  It  has  almost  passed  into  a  proverb 
among  the  French  Canadians  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec  that  u  there  is  always  a 
Taschereau  on  the  bench."  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  three  generations  of  the  family  have 
been  represented  on  it,  and  five  Taschereaus 
in  all  have  exercised  the  highest  judicial 
functions  in  the  province  or  in  the  domin- 
ion. In  the  case  of  our  distinguished  sub- 
ject not  only  was  he  himself  a  judge,  but 
his  father  before  him  was  a  judge,  his  son 
after  him  is  a  judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  the  province,  and  another  of  his 
relatives,  the  Hon.  Elzear  Taschereau,  is 
at  present  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  Dominion.  Still  another  mem- 
ber of  the  family,  Hon.  Andree  Taschereau, 
now  deceased,  was  resident  judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  in  the  Kamouraska  district, 
and  one  of  the  most  eminent  jurists  of  his  day. 
Others  again  have  held  the  office  of  sheriff  of 
the  Beauce  district  ;  one  is  now  a  prominent 
member  of  the  bar  of  that  district,  and  was 
the  representative  of  Beauce  county  in  the 
Canadian  House  of  Commons  during  the 
last  parliament  ;  and  one,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Taschereau,  holds  one  of  the  most 
important  military  commands  in  the  Quebec 
district.  But  the  judicial,  political,  and  mili- 
tary distinction  of  the  Taschereau  family  is 
altogether  eclipsed  by  the  lustre  conferred 
upon  it  by  the  fact  that  the  first  Canadian 
wearer  of  the  Roman  purple  was  selected 
from  among  its  members.  His  Eminence, 
Cardinal  Taschereau,  Archbishop  of  Quebec, 
is  a  brother  of  our  subject,  and  the  "  bright 
particular  star"  whose  elevation  to  the  ex- 
alted dignity  of  a  Prince  of  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic church,  has  made  the  name  of  Taschereau 
famous  all  over  the  civilized  world.  The 
family  is  also  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
distinguished  in  Lower  Canada,  its  founder 
there  being  Thomas  Jacques  Taschereau,  of 
Touraine,  France,  who  was  a  son  of  Chris- 
topher Taschereau,  King's  councellor,  direc- 
tor of  the  mint  and  treasurer  of  the  city 
of  Tours,  and  who  came  to  New  France 
towards  the  beginning  of  the  last  century, 
was  appointed  by  the  French  viceroy  as 
treasurer  of  the  marine,  and  in  1736  obtained 
from  the  French  Crown  the  grant  of  a  valu- 
able seigniory  along  the  banks  of  the  river 


Chaudiere  in  Beauce,  P.  Q.  Our  subject's 
father  was  the  Hon.  Jean  Thomas  Tascher- 
eau, senior,  long  a  prominent  member  of  the 
parliament  of  Lower  Canada,  and  one  of  the 
advocates  and  champions  of  constitutional 
liberty  in  that  province,  who  suffered  im- 
prisonment for  their  opinions  in  1810.  He 
was  afterwards  raised  to  the  dignity  of 
puisne  judge  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench 
for  his  native  province,  and  distinguished 
himself  as  an  able  and  upright  magistrate. 
Our  subject  was  one  of  his  sons  by  his  wife, 
Maria  Panet,  daughter  of  the  late  Hon. 
Jean  Panet,  first  speaker  of  the  Lower 
Canadian  House  of  Assembly  (an  office 
which  he  held  for  twenty  consecutive 
years),  and  was  born  in  the  city  of  Quebec, 
on  the  12th  December,  1814.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Quebec  Seminary,  where,  like 
his  brother,  the  present  cardinal,  he  greatly 
distinguished  himself  in  different  branches, 
taking  the  leading  prizes,  especially  for 
Latin,  mathematics,  etc.  On  the  completion 
of  his  classical  course,  he  studied  law  with 
two  of  the  most  eminent  local  practitioners 
of  the  day,  Hon.  Henry  Black,  afterwards 
judge  of  the  Vice- Admiralty  Court  at 
Quebec,  and  Andrew  Stuart,  Q.C.,  after- 
wards Her  Majesty's  solicitor-general  for 
Lower  Canada,  and  was  called  to  the  bar 
of  that  province  in  1836,  subsequently  fol- 
lowing several  law  courses  in  Paris,  France. 
On  his  return  to  Canada,  he  opened  a  law 
office  in  the  city  of  Quebec,  and  for  the  next 
twenty  years  practised  his  profession  with 
success  and  distinction.  In  1855,  he  was 
honored  by  Laval  University  with  the  title 
of  LL.D.,  and  in  September  of  the  same 
year  he  was  called  by  the  government  to 
act  as  assistant  judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  in  the  place  of  one  of  the  regular 
judges  of  that  court,  during  the  sitting  of  the 
special  court  formed  under  the  act  to  abolish 
feudal  rights  and  seignorial  dues  in  Lower 
Canada.  Twice  afterwards,  in  1858  and  in 
1860,  in  which  last  mentioned  year  he  was 
also  created  a  Q.C.,  was  he  honored  by  a  sim- 
ilar mark  of  the  government's  appreciation, 
and  in  1865  he  was  definitely  appointed  to 
the  bench  as  a  puisne  judge  of  the  Superior 
Court,  as  successor  to  the  Hon.  A.  N. 
Morin,  deceased.  On  the  Uth  February, 
1873,  he  mounted  another  rung  of  the  judi- 
cial ladder,  being  appointed  puisne  judge  of 
the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench  for  the  province 
of  Quebec,  and  some  two  years  later  on,  the 
8th  October,1875,  he  was  elevated  to  the  still 
more  exalted  position  of  puisne  judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Dominion,  which 
he  retained  until  the  19th  October,  1878, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


611 


when  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill-health, 
and  retired  on  his  well-earned  pension,  after 
having  served  the  public  in  all  nineteen 
years  on  the  bench  as  a  judge.  Our  subject 
enjoyed  to  the  utmost  the  confidence  of  the 
bar  and  the  people,  as  well  for  his  scrupu- 
lous and  painstaking  character,  as  for  the 
almost  invariable  soundness  of  his  decisions. 
It  is  needless  to  say  that  his  religion  is  the 
Roman  Catholic.  In  the  spring  of  1887,  the 
Roman  Pontiff,  Leo  XIII,  conferred  on  him 
the  decoration  or  cross  of  the  Order  of  St. 
Gregory  the  Great.  He  has  been  twice 
married — firstly,  in  1840,  to  Louise  Adele, 
daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  Amable  D.ionne, 
M.L.C.,  who  died  in  1861;  and  lastly  in 
1862,  to  Marie  Josephine,  daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  R.  E.  Caron,  second  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  and  a 
sister  of  Sir  A.  R.  Caron,  Dominion  minister 
of  militia.  He  is  the  father  of  twelve  chil- 
dren, ten  of  whom  survive.  His  eldest  son, 
Hon.  Henri  Thomas  Taschereau,  formerly 
Liberal  M.P.  for  Montmagny,  has  been  a 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court  for  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec  since  1878  ;  and  another 
son,  by  his  second  union,  is  now  a  rising 
member  of  the  Quebec  bar. 

jfforin,  Eusebe,  St.  Hyacinthe,  Quebec 
province,  was  born  on  the  14th  of  July,  1853. 
He  is  the  son  of  Francois  Morin,  mer- 
chant, and  Marguerite  Maheux.  At  the  age 
of  ten  years  he  entered  the  St.  Hyacinthe 
Seminary,  which  he  left  after  taking  a  classi- 
cal course  of  education.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
years  he  entered  as  clerk  with  L.  V.  Sicotte, 
dry  goods  merchant,  but  after  spending 
one  year  in  this  establishment  he  left,  and 
entered  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Lamour- 
eux,  and  traded  under  the  firm  name  of 
Lamoureux  &  Morin  for  about  fifteen 
months,  when  he  bought  his  partner  out, 
and  assumed  the  business  himself.  When  he 
entered  into  this  business,  a  friend  lent 
him  $800  to  start  with,  and  this  money  he 
honorably  paid  with  interest  about  a  year 
after  he  had  received  it.  He  continued 
alone  in  business  until  he  was  twenty-three 
years  of  age,  in  the  meantime  becoming  the 
first  merchant  in  St.  Hyacinthe,  in  his  line, 
thus  proving  what  can  be  done  by  close  at- 
tention to  business.  After  this,  and  by  the 
time  he  had  readied  his  twenty-seventh 
year,  he  had  established  small  wholesale 
and  retail  houses,  trading  under  the  various 
names  of  Morin  &  Lamothe,  Morin  &  Dion, 
Morin  &  Robitaille,  Morin  &  Brodeur,  both 
in  the  city  of  St.  Hyacinthe  and  the  neigh- 
boring country.  Being  of  delicate  health,  he 
was  almost  given  up  by  the  doctors,  and 


was  obliged  to  liquidate  the  firms  in  order 
to  proceed  to  Europe  for  the  benefit  of  his 
health.  After  an  extensive  tour  through 
England,  Scotland,  Ireland,  France  and 
Italy,  he  returned  to  Canada  with  a  large 
and  varied  assortment  of  European  goods, 
and  was  thus  enabled  to  re-establish  his 
trade  on  a  sound  and  more  extensive  basis 
than  ever,  creating  the  following  firms  : — 
Morin  &  Co. ,  in  the  liquor  trade  ;  Morin  & 
Laline,  general  store  ;  Morin  &  Bergeron, 
dry  goods,  all  in  St.  Hyacinthe,  with  a 
capital  of  $200,000,  he  being  principal  part- 
ner in  all  the  above  establishments.  When 
thirty-two  years  of  age,  becoming  tired  of 
the  retail  trade,  he  sold  to  his  partners  his 
interest  in  all  the  stores  he  had  established, 
with  the  object  of  embarking  in  real  estate 
transactions,  and  in  this  he  has  proved 
equally  successful.  He  has  built  one  of  the 
finest  private  residences  in  the  city  of  St. 
Hyacinthe,  and  finds  himself,  at  the  age  of 
thirty-three,  the  most  important  property 
owner  in  the  county  of  St,  Hyacinthe.  He 
enjoys  a  good  reputation,  and  his  numerous 
partners  and  friends  have  reason  to  be  thank- 
f ul  to  him  for  his  aid  at  various  times.  The 
city  of  St.  Hyacinthe  is  also  indebted  to 
him  for  the  erection  of  numerous  blocks  of 
magnificent  stores,  and  several  private  resi- 
dences. Although  Mr.  Morin  is  yet  com- 
paratively young,  he  is  exceedingly  popular 
in  his  district,  and  has  been  several  times 
requested  to  enter  public  life,  but  has  in- 
variably declined,  on  the  ground  that  he 
could  be  of  greater  use  to  his  friends  and 
the  country  at  large,  in  promoting  private 
and  public  enterprises.  He  is  looked  upon 
as  the  Vanderbilt  of  St.  Hyacinthe. 

Mac  Ho  wall,  Hay  llort,  Prince  Al- 
bert, M.P.  for  Saskatchewan,  North- West 
Territory,  was  born  in  1850,  at  Carruth 
House,  Renfrewshire,  Scotland.  He  is  the 
second  son  of  Henry  MacDowall,  of  Garth- 
land,  Renfrewshire,  Scotland,  vide  "Nea- 
bitt's  Heraldry."  Mr.  MacDowall  was  edu- 
cated at  Windlesham,  Surrey,  England,  and 
Trinity  College,  Glenalmond,  Scotland.  He 
was  a  captain  in  the  Renfrewshire  Ritie  Vol- 
unteers from  1872  to  1879.  He  accompanied 
Gen.  Middleton's  force  through  the  North- 
west rebellion  of  1885,  and  took  charge  of 
the  party  dispatched  by  the  general  through 
the  rebel  district  from  Humboldt  to  Prince 
Albert.  He  was  a  member  of  the  North- 
West  Council  for  the  district  of  Lome,  from 
June,  1883.  to  October,  1885;  and  was  re- 
turned to  Parliament,  as  the  member  for 
Saskatchewan,  at  the  general  election  in 
1887.  He  is  a  Conservative  in  politics.  He 


612 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


was  married  August  12th,  1884,  to  Alice 
Maude  Blanchard,  daughter  of  Charles 
Blanchard,  Truro.  N.S.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Manitoba  Club,  Winnipeg  ;  Wan- 
derers' Club,  Pall  Mall,  London.  Eng.,  and 
Rideau  Club,  Ottawa,  Ont. 

Prevo§t,  O§car  A.,  Brevet-Major, 
(late  of  the  regiment  Canadian  artillery, 
then  A  and  B  batteries,  permanent  artil- 
lery), Quebec,  was  born  in  Montreal  on 
the  9th  of  May,  1845.  His  father,  Amable 
C.  Prevost,  was  a  descendant  of  an  old 
French  family  of  Anjou,  (Prevost  de  la 
Boutfeliere).  He  was  a  merchant  of  Montreal, 
very  successful  in  business,  leaving  an  estate 
of  over  half  a  million  dollars.  He  died  in 
February,  1872.  His  mother,  Rosalind  E. 
Bernard,  was  born  in  Montreal,  educated  at 
Notre  Dame  congregation,  and  was  married 
to  Amable  C.  PreVost,  March,  1838.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at  St. 
Mary's  College,  Montreal,  taking  a  classical 
course,  including  mathematics  and  natural 
philosophy;  he  afterwards  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Lower  Canada  in 
October,  1866,  and  practised  his  profession 
until  1870.  He  joined,  as  lieutenant,  the 
4th  battalion  in  the  year  1865 ;  served  on 
the  frontier  during  the  Fenian  raid  of  1866  ; 
was  transferred  in  1870  to  the  Quebec  rifle 
regiment  of  the  North- West  expeditionary 
force  under  Colonel  (now  General,  Sir) 
Garnet  Wolseley ;  remained  stationed  in 
the  North- West  till  February,  1872,  being 
transferred  in  July,  1872,  to  the  School  of 
Gunnery,  Quebec,  and  gazetted  to  B  bat- 
tery as  lieutenant  with  rank  of  captain  ;  was 
adjutant  of  the  School  of  Gunnery  B  bat- 
tery, August,  1873,  till  February,  1880.  He 
went  to  Woolwich,  England,  for  a  special 
course  in  the  Royal  Arsenal,  and  on  his 
return  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
government  cartridge  factory  at  Quebec,  and 
still  holds  that  appointment.  In  1882  he  was 
sent  by  the  minister  of  militia  and  defence, 
Sir  A.  P.  Caron,  to  England  to  purchase 
machinery  required  for  a  small  ammuni- 
tion factory  to  be  erected  in  the  govern- 
ment buildings  in  Quebec.  The  plans,  speci- 
fications, alterations  to  buildings,  placing 
machinery,  including  boilers  and  steam  en- 
gines, and  putting  the  whole  plant  in  work- 
ing order,  was  done  under  his  immediate 
supervision,  bringing  forth  his  ability  as  a 
practical  engineer,  and  his  scientific  attain- 
ments. This  factory  has  now  been  at  work 
since  1883.  It  produced  2,000,000  rounds 
of  ball  ammunition,  in  three  months,  during 
the  North- West  rebellion  of  1885,  and  now 
supplies  the  whole  Dominion  with  service 


ammunition.  It  can  give  employment  to 
four  hundred  hands.  He  submitted  to  a 
board  of  artillery  officers  in  September,  1886, 
a  new  projectile  for  light  and  heavy  rifled 
guns,  which  increased  the  range  and  accuracy 
of  guns  in  a  remarkable  degree.  A  foun- 
dry, in  connection  with  the  cartridge  fac- 
tory, was  erected  for  the  manufacture  of 
these  projectiles,  in  July,  1887,  and  the 
work  now  goes  on  daily.  Thus  two  entire- 
ly novel  industries  have  been  started  in 
Canada,  and  the  military  efficiency  of  the 
Djminion  increased.  In  1876  he  travelled 
through  France,  Italy,  Austria,  Hungary  and 
Germany,  being  authorized  to  visit  the  im- 
perial arsenal  at  Vienna,  and  obtain  infor- 
mation with  regard  to  the  new  field  ordnance 
and  carriages  at  that  time  introduced  into 
the  Austrian  service.  Major  Prevost  was 
married  on  25th  May,  1874,  to  Louisa  J., 
daughter  of  Hon.  Juschereau  Duchesnay,  of 
Quebec,  ex-senator  for  the  division  of  Las- 
sale,  province  of  Quebec  ;  seigneur  of  the 
seignories  of  Fossambault  and  Gaudarville. 
Hon.  Mr.  Duchesnay 's  father  commanded 
a  company  of  Voltigeurs  under  Colonel  de 
Salaberry,  his  cousin,  at  the  victorious  bat- 
tle of  Chateauguay,  in  1812.  The  Juschereau 
Duchesnay  family  were  connected  to  Robert 
Giffard,  first  seigneur  of  Beauport,  near  Que- 
bec, to  whom  this  seignory  had  been  grant- 
ed in  1635  by  the  "  Compagnie  de  la  Nou- 
velle  France, "  under  authority  of  the  French 
King.  The  Duchesnays  inherited  this  seig- 
nory in  1668,  and  they  owned  it  for  over  two 
hundred  years. 

.  4  ha m plain,  Samuel  de. — Standing 
on  the  summit  of  one  of  the  rocky  eminences 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay,  and  looking 
back  through  the  haze  of  two  hundred  and 
eighty-five  years,  we  may  descry  two  small 
sailing  craft  slowly  making  their  way  up  the 
majestic  stream  which  Jacques  Cartier,  sixty- 
eight  years  before,  christened  in  honor  of 
St.  Lawrence.  The  vessels  are  French  build, 
and  have  evidently  just  arrived  from 
France.  They  are  of  very  diminutive  size 
for  an  ocean  voyage,  but  are  manned  by 
hardy  Breton  mariners  for  whom  the  tem- 
pestuous Atlantic  has  no  terrors.  They  are 
commanded  by  an  enterprising  merchant- 
sailor  of  St.  Malo,  who  is  desirous  of  push- 
ing his  fortunes  by  means  of  the  fur  trade, 
and  who,  with  that  end  in  view,  has  al- 
ready more  than  once  navigated  the  St. 
Lawrence  as  far  westward  as  the  mouth  of 
the  Saguenay.  His  name  is  Pontgrave. 
Like  other  French  adventurers  of  his  time, 
he  is  a  brave  and  energetic  man,  ready  to 
do,  to  dare,  and,  if  need  be,  to  suffer ;  but 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


613 


his  primary  object  in  life  is  to  amass  wealth, 
and  to  effect  this  object  he  is  not  over- 
scrupulous as  to  the  means  employed.  On 
this  occasion  he  has  come  over  with  instruc- 
tions from  Henry  IV.,  King  of  France,  to 
explore  the  St.  Lawrence,  to  ascertain  how 
far  from  its  mouth  navigation  is  practicable, 
and  to  make  a  survey  of  the  ct-untry  on  its 
banks,  He  is  accompanied  on  the  expe- 
dition by  a  man  of  widely  different  mould  ; 
a  man  who  is  worth  a  thousand  of  such  sor- 
did, hnckstering  spirits;  a  man  who  unites 
with  the  courage  and  energy  of  a  soldier  a 
high  sense  of  personal  honor  and  a  single- 
ness of  heart  worthy  of  the  Chevalier 
Bayard  himself.  To  these  qualities  are  ad- 
ded an  absorbing  passion  for  colonization, 
and  a  piety  and  zeal  which  would  not  mis- 
become a  Jesuit  missionary.  He  is  poor, 
but  what  the  poet  calls  "the  jingling  of  the 
guinea"  has  no  charms  for  him.  Let  others 
consume  their  souls  in  heaping  up  riches, 
in  chaffering  with  the  Indians  for  the  skins 
of  wild  beasts,  and  in  selling  the  same  to 
the  affluent  traders  in  France.  It  is  his 
ambition  to  rear  the  fleur-de-lis  in  the  re- 
mote wilderness  of  the  New  World,  and  to 
evangelize  the  savage  hordes  by  whom  that 
world  is  peopled.  The  latter  object  is  the 
most  dear  to  his  heart  of  all,  and  he  has  al- 
ready recorded  his  belief  that  the  salvation 
of  one  soul  is  of  more  importance  than  the 
founding  of  an  empire.  After  such  an  ex- 
ordium it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  inform  the 
student  of  history  that  the  name  of  Pont- 
grave's  ally  is  Samuel  De  Champlain.  He 
had  already  figured  somewhat  conspicuous- 
ly in  his  country's  annals,  but  his  future 
achievements  were  destined  to  outshine  the 
events  of  his  previous  career,  and  to  wain 
for  him  the  merited  title  of  "Father  of  New 
France."  He  was  born  some  time  in  the 
year  1567,  at  Brouage,  a  small  seaport 
town  in  the  province  of  Saintonge,  on  the 
west  coast  of  France.  Part  of  his  youth 
was  spent  in  the  naval  service,  and  during 
the  wars  of  the  League  he  fought  on  the 
side  of  the  King,  .who  awarded  him  a  small 
pension  and  attached  him  to  his  own  per- 
son. But  Champlain  was  of  too  adventu- 
rous a  turn  of  mind  to  feel  at  home  in  the 
confined  atmosphere  of  a  royal  court,  and 
soon  languished  for  change  of  scene.  Ere- 
long he  obtained  command  of  a  vessel 
bound  for  the  West  Indies,  where  he  re- 
mained more  than  two  years.  During  that 
time  he  distinguished  himself  as  a  brave 
and  efficient  officer.  He  became  known  as 
one  whose  nature  partook  largely  of  the  ro- 
mantic element,  but  who,  nevertheless,  had 


ever  an  eye  to  the  practical.  Several  im- 
portant engineering  projects  seem  to  have 
engaged  his  attention  during  his  sojourn  in 
the  West  Indies.  Prominent  among  these 
was  the  project  of  constructing  a  ship-canal 
across  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  but  the 
scheme  was  not  encouraged,  and  ultimately 
fell  to  the  ground.  Upon  his  return  to 
France  he  again  dangled  about  the  court 
for  a  few  months,  by  which  time  he  had 
once  more  become  heartily  weary  of  a  life 
of  inaction.  With  the  accession  of  Henry 
IV.  to  the  French  throne  the  long  religious 
wars  which  had  so  long  distracted  the  coun- 
try came  to  an  end,  and  the  attention  of 
the  government  began  to  be  directed  to  the 
colonization  of  New  France — a  scheme 
which  had  never  been  wholly  abandoned 
but  which  had  remained  in  abeyance  since 
the  failure  of  the  expedition  undertaken  by 
the  brothers  Roberval,  more  than  half  a 
century  before.  Several  new  attempts 
were  made  at  this  time,  none  of  which  were 
very  successful.  The  fur  trade,  however, 
held  out  great  inducements  to  private  en- 
terprise, and  stimulated  the  cupidity  of  the 
merchants  of  Dieppe,  Rouen  and  St.  Malo. 
In  the  heart  of  one  of  them  something 
nobler  than  cupidity  was  aroused.  In  1603, 
M.  De  Chastes,  govern  or  of  Dieppe,  obtain- 
ed a  patent  from  the  King  conferring  upon 
him  and  several  of  his  associates  a  mono- 
poly of  the  fur  trade  of  New  France.  To 
M.  De  Chastes  the  acquisition  of  wealth — 
of  which  he  already  had  enough,  and  to 
spare — was  a  matter  of  secondary  impor- 
tance, but  he  hoped  to  make  his  patent  the 
means  of  extending  the  French  empire  in- 
to the  unknown  regions  of  the  far  West. 
The  patent  was  granted  soon  after  Cham- 
plain's  return  from  the  West  Indies,  and 
just  as  the  pleasures  of  the  court  were  be- 
ginning to  pall  upon  him.  He  had  served 
under  De  Chastes  during  the  latter  years 
of  the  war  of  the  League,  and  the  governor 
was  no  stranger  to  the  young  man's  skill, 
energy,  and  incorruptible  integrity.  De 
Chastes  urged  him]  to  join  the  expedition, 
which  was  precisely  of  a  kind  to  find  fa- 
vor in  the  eyes  of  an  ardent  adventurer  like 
Champlain.  The  King's  consent  having 
been  obtained,  he  joined  the  expedition 
under  Pontgrave',  and  sailed  for  the  mouth 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  on  the  15th  of  March, 
1603.  The  expedition,  as  we  have  seen, 
was  merely  preliminary  to  more  specific 
and  extended  operations.  The  ocean 
voyage,  which  was  a  tempestuous  one,  oc- 
cupied more  than  two  months,  and  they 
did  not  reach  the  St.  Lawrence  until  the 


614 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


latter  end  of  May.  They  sailed  up  as  far 
as  Tadousac,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay, 
where  a  little  trading-post  had  been  esta- 
blished four  years  before  by  Pontgrave  and 
Chauvin.  Here  they  cast  anchor,  and  a 
fleet  of  canoes  filled  with  wondering  natives 
gathered  round  their  little  barques  to  sell 
peltries,  and  (unconsciously)  to  sit  to  Cham- 
plain  for  their  portraits.  After  a  short 
stay  at  Tadousac  the  leaders  of  the  expedi- 
tion, accompanied  by  several  of  the  crew, 
embarked  in  a  batteau  and  proceeded  up 
the  river  past  deserted  Stadacona  to  the 
site  of  the  Indian  village  of  Hochelaga,  dis- 
covered by  Jacques  Cartier  in  1535.  The 
village  so  graphically  described  by  that  navi- 
gator had  ceased  to  exist,  and  the  tribe 
which  had  inhabited  it  at  the  time  of  his 
visit  had  given  place  to  a  few  Algonquin 
Indians.  Our  adventurers  essayed  to  as- 
cend the  river  still  farther,  but  found  it 
impossible  to  make  headway  against  the  ra- 
pids of  St.  Louis,  which  had  formerly  pre- 
sented an  insuperable  barrier  to  Cartier's 
westward  progress.  Then  they  retraced 
their  course  down  the  river  to  Tadousac, 
re- embarked  on  board  their  vessels,  and 
made  all  sail  for  France.  When  they  ar- 
rived there  they  found  that  their  patron, 
De  Chastes,  had  died  during  their  absence, 
and  that  his  company  had  been  dissolved. 
Yery  soon  afterwards,  however,  the  scheme 
of  colonization  was  taken  up  by  the  Sieur, 
de  Monts,  who  entered  into  engagements 
with  Champlain  for  another  voyage  to  the 
New  World.  De  Monts  and  Champlain  set 
sail  on  the  7th  of  March,  1604,  with  a  large 
expedition,  and  in  due  course  reached  the 
shores  of  Nova  Scotia,  then  called  Acadie. 
After  an  absence  of  three  years,  during 
which  Champlain  explored  the  coast  as  far 
southward  as  Cape  Cod,  the  expedition  re- 
turned to  France.  A  good  deal  had  been 
learned  as  to  the  topographical  features  of 
the  country  lying  near  the  coast,  but  little 
had  been  done  in  the  way  of  actual  coloni- 
zation. The  next  expedition  was  productive 
of  greater  results.  De  Monts,  at  Cham- 
plain's  instigation,  resolved  to  found  a  set- 
tlement on  the  shores  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 
Two  vessels  were  fitted  up  at  his  expense 
and  placed  under  Champlain's  command, 
with  Pontgrave  as  lieutenant  of  the  expedi- 
tion, which  put  to  sea  in  the  month  of 
April,  1608,  and  reached  the  mouth  of  the 
Saguenay  early  in  June.  Pontgrave  began 
a  series  of  trading  operations  with  the  In- 
dians at  Tadousac,  while  Champlain  pro- 
ceeded up  the  river  to  fix  upon  an  advan- 
tageous site  for  the  projected  settlement. 


This  site  he  found  at  the  confluence  of  the 
St.  Charles  with  the  St.  Lawrence,  near  the 
place  wh^ere  Jacques  Cartier  had  spent  the 
winter  of  1535-6.  Tradition  tells  us  that 
when  Cartier's  sailors  beheld  the  adjacent 
promontory  of  Cape  Diamond  they  exo.laim- 
ed,  "Qnd  bee  /"—(•' What  a  beak!")— 
which  exclam  ation  led  to  the  place  being 
called  Quebec.  The  most  probable  deriva- 
tion of  the  name,  however,  is  the  Indian 
word  kebec,  signifying  a  strait,  which  might 
well  have  been  applied  by  the  natives  to 
the  narrowing  of  the  river  at  this  place. 
Whatever  may  be  the  origin  of  the  name, 
here  it  was  that  Champlain,  on  the  3rd  of 
July,  1608,  founded  his  settlement,  and 
Quebec  was  the  name  which  he  bestowed 
upon  it.  This  was  the  first  permanent  set- 
tlement of  Europeans  on  the  American 
continent,  with  the  exception  of  those  at  St. 
Augustine,  in  Florida,  and  Jamestown,  in 
Virginia.  Champlain's  first  attempts  at  set- 
tlement, as  might  be  expected,  were  of  a 
very  primitive  character.  He  erected  rude 
barracks,  and  cleared  a  few  small  patches  of 
ground  adjaceut  thereto,  which  he  sowed 
with  wheat  and  rye.  Perceiving  that  the 
fur  trade  might  be  turned  to  good  account 
in  promoting  the  settlement  of  the  country, 
he  bent  his  energies  to  its  development. 
He  had  scarcely  settled  his  little  colony  in 
its  new  home  ere  he  began  to  experience 
the  perils  of  his  quasi-regal  position.  Not- 
withstanding the  patent  of  monopoly  held 
by  his  patron,  on  the  faith  of  which  his  co- 
lonization scheme  had  been  projected,  the 
rights  conferred  by  it  began  to  be  infringed 
by  certain  traders  who  came  over  from 
France  and  instituted  a  system  of  traffic 
with  the  natives.  Finding  the  traffic  ex- 
ceedingly profitable,  these  traders  erelong 
held  out  inducements  to  some  of  Cham- 
plain's  followers.  A  conspiracy  was  formed 
against  him,  and  he  narrowly  escaped  assas- 
sination. Fortunately,  one  of  the  traitors 
was  seized  by  remorse,  and  revealed  the 
plot  before  it  had  been  fully  carried  out. 
The  chief  conspirator  was  hanged,  and  his 
accomplices  were  sent  over  to  France,  where 
they  expiated  their  crime  at  the  galleys. 
Having  thus  promptly  suppressed  the  first 
insurrection  within  his  dominions,  Cham- 
plain  prepared  himself  for  the  rigours  of  a 
Canadian  winter.  An  embankment  was 
formed  above  the  reach  of  the  tide,  and  a 
stock  of  provisions  was  laid  in  sufficient  for 
the  support  of  the  settlement  until  spring. 
The  colony,  inclusive  of  Champlain  himself, 
consisted  of  twenty -nine  persons.  Not- 
withstanding all  precautions,  the  scurvy 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


615 


broke  out  among  them  during  the  winter. 
Cham  plain,  who  was  endowed  with  a  vigo- 
rous constitution,  escaped  the  pest,  but  be- 
fore the  advent  of  spring  the  little  colony 
was  reduced  to  only  nine  persons.  The 
sovereign  remedy  which  Cartier  had  found 
so  efficacious  in  a  similar  emergency  was  not 
to  be  obtained.  That  remedy  was  a  decoc- 
tion prepared  by  the  Indians  from  a  tree 
which  they  called  Auneda — believed  to  have 
been  a  species  of  spruce — but  the  natives  of 
Champlain's  day  knew  nothing  of  the  reme- 
dy, from  which  he  concluded  that  the  tribe 
which  had  employed  it  on  behalf  of  Cartier 
and  his  men  had  been  exterminated  by  their 
enemies.  With  spring,  succours  and  fresh 
immigrants  arrived  from  France,  and  new 
vitality  was  imported  into  the  little  colony. 
Soon  after  this  time,  Champlain  committed 
the  most  impolitic  act  of  his  life.  The 
Hurons,  Algonquins,  and  other  tribes  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  and  the  Ottawa,  resolved  upon 
taking  the  war-path  against  their  enemies, 
the  Iroquois,  or  Five  Nations — the  boldest, 
fiercest,  and  most  powerful  confederacy 
known  to  Indian  history.  Champlain,  ever 
since  his  arrival  in  the  country,  had  done 
his  utmost  to  win  the  favor  of  the  natives 
with  whom  he  was  brought  more  immediate- 
ly into  contact,  and  he  deemed  that  by  join- 
ing them  in  opposing  the  Iroquois,  who  were 
a  standing  menace  to  his  colony,  he  would 
knit  the  Hurons  and  Algonquins  to  the  side 
of  the  King  of  France  by  permanent  and  in- 
dissoluble ties'.  To  some  extent  he  was 
right,  but  he  underestimated  the  strength  of 
the  foe,  an  alliance  with  whom  would  have 
been  of  more  importance  than  an  alliance 
with  all  the  other  Indian  tribes  of  New 
France.  Champlain  cast  in  his  lot  with  the 
Hurons  and  Algonquins,  and  accompanied 
them  on  their  expedition  against  their  ene- 
mies. By  so  doing  he  invoked  the  deadly 
animosity  of  the  latter  against  the  French 
for  all  time  to  come.  He  did  not  foresee 
that  by  this  one  stroke  of  policy  he  was  pav- 
ing the  way  for  a  subsequent  alliance  be- 
tween the  Iroquois  and  the  English.  On 
May  28th,  1609,  in  company  with  his  Indian 
allies,  he  started  on  the  expedition,  the  im- 
mediate results  of  which  were  so  insignifi- 
cant— the  remote  results  of  which  were  so 
momentous.  The  war-party  embarked  in 
canoes,  ascended  the  St.  Lawrence  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Richelieu — then  called  the 
River  of  the  Iroquois — and  thence  up  the 
latter  stream  to  the  lake  which  Champlain 
then  beheld  for  the  first  time,  and  which 
until  that  day  no  European  eye  had  ever 
looked  upon.  This  picturesque  sheet  of 


water  was  thenceforward  called  after  him, 
and  in  its  name  his  own  is  still  perpetuated. 
The  party  held  on  their  course  to  the  head 
waters  of  the  lake,  near  to  which  several 
Iroquois  villages  were  situated.  The  ene- 
my's scouts  received  the  intelligence  of  the 
approach  of  the  invaders,  and  advanced  to 
repel  them.  The  opposing  forces  met  in  the 
forest  on  the  south-western  shore,  not  far 
from  Crown  Point,  on  the  morning  of  the 
30th  of  July.  The  Iroquois,  two  hundred 
in  number,  advanced  to  the  onset.  "Among 
them,"  says  Mr.  Parkman,  "could  be  seen 
several  chiefs,  conspicuous  by  their  tall 
plumes.  Some  bore  shields  of  wood  and 
hide,  and  some  were  covered  with  a  kind  of 
armour  made  of  tough  twigs,  interlaced 
with  a  vegetable  fibre,  supposed  by  Cham- 
plain  to  be  cotton.  The  allies,  growing 
anxious,  called  with  loud  cries  for  their 
champion,  and  opened  their  ranks  that 
he  might  pass  to  the  front.  He  did  so, 
and  advancing  before  his  red  companions- 
in-arms  stood  revealed  to  the  astonished 
gaz^  of  the  Iroquois,  who,  beholding  the 
warlike  apparition  in  their  path,  stared  in 
mute  amazement.  Bat  his  arquebuse  was 
levelled  ;  the  report  startled  the  woods,  a 
chief  fell  dead,  and  another  by  his  side 
rolled  among  the  bushes.  Then  there  arose 
from  the  allies  a  yell  which,  says  Champlain, 
would  have  drowned  a  thunder-clap,  and 
the  forest  was  full  of  whizzing  arrows.  For 
a  moment  the  Iroquois  stood  firm,  and  sent 
back  their  arrows  lustily  ;  but  when  another 
and  another  gunshot  came  from  the  thickets 
on  their  flank  they  broke  and  fled  in  un- 
controllable terror.  Swifter  than  hounds, 
the  allies  tore  through  the  bushes  in  pur- 
suit. Some  of  the  Iroquois  were  killed, 
more  were  taken.  Camp,  canoes,  provis- 
ions, all  were  abandoned,  and  many  weapons 
flung  down  in  the  panic  fight.  The  arque- 
buse had  done  its  work.  The  victory  was 
complete."  The  victorious  allies,  much  to 
the  disgust  of  Champlain,  tortured  their 
prisoners  in  the  most  barbarous  fashion, 
and  returned  to  Quebec,  taking  with  them 
fifty  Lroquois  scalps.  Thus  was  the  first 
Indian  blood  shed  by  the  white  man  in  Can- 
ada. The  man  who  shed  it  was  a  European 
and  a  Christian,  who  had  not  even  the  ex- 
cuse of  pi  evocation.  This  is  a  matter  worth 
bearing  in  mind  when  we  read  of  the  fright- 
ful atrocities  committed  by  the  Iroquois 
upon  the  whites  in  after  years.  Cham- 
plain's  conduct  on  this  occasion  seems  in- 
capable of  defence,  and  it  was  certainly  a 
very  grave  error,  considered  simply  as  an 
act  of  policy.  The  error  was  bitterly  and 


616 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


fiercely  avenged,  and  for  every  Indian  who 
fell  on  the  morning  of  that  30th  of  July,  in 
this,  the  first  battle  fought  on  Canadian 
soil  between  natives  and  Europeans,  a  ten 
fold  penalty  was  exacted.  "  Thus  did  New 
France  rush  into  collision  with  the  re- 
doubted warriors  of  the  Five  Nations.  Here 
was  the  beginning,  in  some  measure  doubt- 
less the  cause,  of  a  long  succession  of  mur- 
derous conflicts,  bearing  havoc  and  flame  to 
generations  yet  nnborn.  Champlain  had 
invaded  the  tiger's  den  ;  and  now,  in 
smothered  fury  the  patient  savage  would 
lie  biding  his  day  of  blood."  Six  weeks 
after  the  performance  of  this  exploit,  Cham- 
plain,  accompanied  by  Pontgrave,  returned 
to  France.  Upon  his  arrival  at  court  he 
found  De  Monts  there,  trying  to  secure  a 
renewal  of  his  patent  of  monopoly,  which 
had  been  revoked  in  consequence  of  loud 
complaints  on  the  part  of  other  French  mer- 
chants who  were  desirous  of  participating 
in  the  profits  arising  from  the  fur  trade. 
His  efforts  to  obtain  a  renewal  proving  un- 
successful, De  Monts  determined  to  carry 
on  his  scheme  of  colonization  unaided  by 
royal  patronage.  Allying  himself  with  some 
affluent  merchants  of  Rochelle,  he  fitted  out 
another  expedition,  and  once  more  des- 
patched Champlain  to  the  New  World. 
Champlain,  upon  his  arrival  at  Tadousac, 
found  his  former  Indian  allies  preparing  for 
another  descent  upon  the  Iroquois,  in  which 
undertaking  he  again  joined  them  ;  the  in- 
ducement this  time  being  a  promise  on  the 
part  of  the  Indians  to  pilot  him  up  the 
great  streams  leading  from  the  interior, 
whereby  he  hoped  to  discover  a  passage  to 
the  North  Sea,  and  thence  to  China  and  the 
Indies.  In  this  second  expedition  he  was 
less  successful  than  in  the  former  one.  The 
opposing  forces  met  near  the  confluence  of 
the  Richelieu  and  St.  Lawrence  rivers,  and 
though  Champlain's  allies  were  ultimately 
victorious,  they  sustained  a  heavy  loss,  and 
he  himself  was  wounded  in  the  neck  by  an 
arrow.  After  the  battle,  the  torture-fires 
were  lighted,  as  was  usual  on  such  oc- 
casions, and  Champlain  for  the  first  time 
was  an  eye-witness  to  the  horrors  of  car.- 
nibalism.  He  soon  afterwards  began  his 
preparations  for  an  expedition  up  the  Ot- 
tawa, but  just  as  he  was  about  to  start  on 
the  journey,  a  ship  arrived  from  France  with 
intelligence  that  King  Henry  had  fallen  a 
victim  to  the  dagger  of  Ravaillac.  The  ac- 
cession of  a  new  sovereign  to  the  French 
throne  might  materially  affect  De  Monts' 
ability  to  continue  his  scheme,  and  Cham- 
plain  once  more  set  sail  for  France  to  confer 


with  his  patron.  The  late  king,  while  deem- 
ing it  impolitic  to  continue  the  monopoly  in 
De  Monts'  favor,  had  always  countenanced 
the  latter's  colonization  schemes  in  New 
France  ;  but  upon  Champlain's  arrival  he 
found  that  with  the  death  of  Henry  IV.  De 
Monts'  court  influence  had  ceased,  and  that 
his  western  scheme  must  stand  or  fall  on  its 
own  merits.  Champlain,  in  order  to  re- 
trieve his  patron's  fortunes  as  far  as  might 
be,  again  returned  to  Canada  in  the  follow- 
ing spring,  resolved  to  build  a  trading  post 
far  up  the  St.  Lawrence,  where  it  would  be 
easily  accessible  to  the  Indian  hunters  on 
the  Ottawa.  The  spot  selected  was  near 
the  site  of  the  former  village  of  Hochelaga, 
near  the  confluence  of  the  two  great  rivers 
of  Canada.  The  post  was  built  on  the  site 
now  occupied  by  the  hospital  of  the  Grey 
Nuns  of  Montreal,  and  even  before  its  erec- 
tion was  completed  a  horde  of  rival  French 
traders  appeared  on  the  scene.  This  drove 
Champlain  once  more  back  to  France,  but 
he  soon  found  that  the  ardor  of  De  Monts 
for  colonization  had  cooled,  and  that  he 
was  not  disposed  to  concern  himself  further 
in  the  enterprise.  Champlain,  being  thus 
left  to  his  own  resources,  determined  to 
seek  another  patron,  and  succeeded  in  en- 
listing the  sympathy  of  the  Count  de  Sois- 
sons,  who  obtained  the  app<  intmeufc  of 
lieutenant-general  of  New  France,  and  in- 
vested Champlain  with  the  functions  of  that 
office  as  his  deputy.  The  count  did  not 
long  survive,  but  Henry  de  Bourbon,  Prince 
of  Conde,  succeeded  to  his  privileges,  and 
continued  Champlain  in  his  high  office.  In 
the  spring  of  3613  Champlain  again  betook 
himself  to  Canada,  and  arrived  at  Quebec 
early  in  May.  Before  the  end  of  the  month 
he  started  on  his  long  deferred  tour  of 
western  exploration.  Taking  with  him  two 
canoes,  containing  an  Indian  and  four 
Frenchmen,  he  ascended  the  Ottawa  in  the 
hope  of  reaching  China  and  Japan  by  way 
of  Hudson's  Bay,  which  had  been  discovered 
by  Hentrick  Hudson  only  three  years  be- 
fore. In  undertaking  this  journey  Cham- 
plain  had  been  misled  by  a  French  impostor 
called  Nicholas  Vignan,  who  professed  to 
have  explored  the  route  far  inland  beyond 
the  head  waters  of  the  Ottawa,  which  river, 
he  averred,  had  its  source  in  a  lake  con- 
nected with  the  North  Sea.  The  enthusi- 
astic explorer,  relying  upon  the  good  faith 
of  Vignan,  proceeded  westward  to  beyond 
Lake  Coulange,  and  after  a  tedious  and 
perilous  voyage,  stopped  to  confer  with 
Tessouat,  an  Indian  chief,  whose  tribe  in- 
habited that  remote  region.  This  poten- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


617 


tate,  upon  being  apprised  of  the  object  of 
their  journey,  undeceived  Champlain  as  to 
Vignan's  character  for  veracity,  and  satisfied 
him  that  the  Frenchman  had  never  passed 
further  west  than  Tessouat's  own  dominions. 
Vignan,  after  a  good  deal  of  prevarication, 
confessed  that  his  story  was  false,  and  that 
what  the  Indian  Chief  had  stated  was  a 
simple  fact.  Champlain,  weary  and  disgust- 
ed, abandoned  his  exploration,  and  re- 
turned to  Quebec,  leaving  Vignan  with  the 
Indians  in  the  wilderness  of  the  Upper  Ot- 
tawa. His  next  visit  to  France,  which  took 
place  during  the  summer  of  the  same  year, 
was  fraught  with  important  results  to  the 
colony.  A  new  company  was  formed  un- 
der the  auspices  of  the  Prince  of  Conde, 
and  a  scheme  was  laid  for  the  propagation 
of  the  gospel  among  the  Indians  by  means 
of  Recollet  missionaries  to  be  sent  out  from 
France  for  the  purpose.  These,  who  were  the 
first  priests  who  settled  in  Canada,  came  out 
with  Champlain  in  May,  1615.  A  province 
was  assigned  to  each  of  them,  and  they  at 
once  entered  upon  the  duties  of  their  respec- 
tive mission.  One  of  them  settled  among 
the  Montagnais,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Saguenay  ;  two  of  them  remained  at  Que- 
bec ;  and  the  fourth,  whose  name  was  Le 
Caron,  betook  himself  to  the  far  western 
wilds.  Champlaiu  then  entered  upon  a  more 
extended  tour  of  westward  exploration  than 
any  he  had  hitherto  undertaken.  Accom- 
panied by  an  interpreter  and  a  number  of 
Algonquins  as  guides,  he  again  ascended  the 
Ottawa,  passed  the  Isle  of  AUumettes,  and 
thence  to  Lake  Nipissing.  After  short  stay 
here  he  continued  his  journey,  and  des- 
cended the  stream  since  known  as  French 
River,  into  the  inlet  of  Lake  Huron,  now 
called  Georgian  Bay.  Paddling  southward, 
past  the  innumerable  islands  on  the  eastern 
coast  of  the  bay,  he  landed  near  the  present 
site  of  Penetanguishene,  and  thence  followed 
an  Indian  trail  leading  through  the  ancient 
country  of  the  Hurons,  now  forming  the 
northern  part  of  the  county  of  Simcoe,  and 
the  north-eastern  part  of  the  county  of  Grey. 
This  country  contained  seventeen  or  eigh- 
teen villages,  and  a  population,  including 
women  and  children,  of  about  twenty  thou- 
sand. One  of  the  villages  visited  1%  Champ  - 
lain,  called  Cahiague,  occupied  a  site  near 
the  present  town  of  Orillia.  At  another 
village,  called  Carhagouha,  some  distance 
farther  west,  the  explorer  found  the  Recollet 
friar  Le  Caron,  who  had  accompanied  him 
from  France,  only  a  few  months  before,  as 
above  mentioned.  And  here,  on  the  12th 
of  August,  1615,  Le  Caron  celebrated,  in 


Champlain's  presence,  the  first  mass  ever 
heard  in  the  wilderness  of  western  Canada. 
After  spending  some  time  in  the  Huron 
country,  Champlain  accompanied  the  natives 
on  an  expedition  against  their  hereditary 
foes,  the  Iroquois,  whose  domain  occupied 
what  is  now  the  central  and  western  part 
of  the  State  of  New  York.  Crossing  Lake 
Couchiching,  and  coasting  down  the  north- 
eastern shore  of  Lake  Simcoe,  they  made 
their  way  across  country  to  the  Bay  of 
Quinte,  thence  into  Lake  Ontario,  and  thence 
into  the  enemy's  country.  Having  landed, 
they  concealed  their  canoes  in  the  woods 
and  marched  inland.  On  the  10th  of  Octo- 
ber, they  came  to  a  Seneca*  village,  on  or 
near  a  lake  which  was  probably  Lake  Canan- 
daigua.  The  Hurons  attacked  the  village,  but 
were  repulsed  by  the  tierce  Iroquois,  Qhamp- 
lain  himself  being  several  times  wounded 
in  the  assault.  The  invading  war-party 
then  retreated  and  abandoned  the  campaign, 
placing  their  wounded  in  the  centre,  while 
armed  warriors  guarded  the  front  and  rear, 
returning  to  where  they  had  hidden  their 
canoes,  in  which  they  embarked  and  made 
the  best  of  their  way  back  across  Lake  Onta- 
rio, where  the  party  broke  up.  The  Hurons 
had  promised  Champlain  that  if  he  would 
accompany  them  on  their  expedition  against 
the  Iroquois,  they  would  afterwards  furnish 
him  with  an  escort  back  to  Quebec.  This 
promise  they  now  declined  to  make  good. 
Champlain's  prestige  as  an  invincible  cham- 
pion was  gone,  and,  wounded  and  dispirited, 
he  was  compelled  to  accompany  them  back 
to  their  country  near  Lake  Simcoe,  where  he 
spent  the  winter  in  the  lodge  of  Durantal, 
one  of  their  chiefs.  Upon  his  return  to 
Quebec  in  the  following  year,  he  was  wel- 
comed as  one  risen  from  the  dead.  Hitherto, 
Champlain's  love  of  adventure  had  led  him 
to  devote  more  attention  to  exploration  than 
to  the  consolidation  of  his  power  in  New 
France.  He  determined  to  change  his  policy 
in  this  respect,  and  crossed  over  to  France 
to  induce  a  larger  emigration.  In  July, 
1620,  he  returned  with  Madame  de  Champ- 
lain,  who  was  received  with  great  demonstra- 
tions of  respect  and  affection  by  the  Indians 
upon  her  arrival  at  Quebec.  Champlain 
found  that  the  colony  had  rather  retrograd- 
ed than  advanced  during  his  absence,  and 
for  some  time  after  his  return  various  causes 
contributed  to  retard  its  prosperity.  At  the 

*  The  Senecas  were  one  of  the  Five  Nations, 
composing  the  redoubtable  Iroquois  Confederacy. 
The  Tuscaroras  joined  the  League  in  1715,  and  it 
is  subsequently  known  in  history  as  the  ' '  Six  Na- 
tions." 


618 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


end  of  the  year,  1621,*  the  European  popu- 
lation of  New  France  numbered  only  forty- 
eight  persons.  Rival  trading  companies  con- 
tinued to  fight  for  the  supremacy  in  the 
colony,  and  any  man  less  patient  and  per- 
severing than  the  Father  of  New  France, 
would  have  abandoned  his  schemes  in  des- 
pair. This  untoward  state  of  things  con- 
tinued until  1627,  when  an  association, 
known  to  history  by  the  name  of  "  The 
Company  of  the  One  Hundred  Associates," 
was  formed  under  the  patronage  of  the  great 
Cardinal  Richelieu.  The  association  was  in- 
vested with  the  vice-royalty  of  New  France 
and  Florida,  together  with  very  extensive 
auxiliary  privileges,  including  a  monopoly  of 
the  fur  trade,  the  right  to  confer  titles  and 
appoint  judges,  and  generally  to  carry  on  the 
government  of  the  colony.  In  return  for 
these  truly  vice-regal  privileges  the  com- 
pany undertook  to  send  out  a  large  number 
of  colonists,  and  to  provide  them  with  the 
necessaries  of  life  for  a  term  of  three  years, 
after  which  land  enough  for  their  support 
and  grain  wherewith  to  plant  it  was  to  be 
given  them.  Champlain  himself  was  ap- 
pointed governor.  This  great  company  was 
scarcely  organized  before  war  broke  out  be- 
tween France  and  England  The  English 
resolved  upon  the  conquest  of  Canada,  and 
sent  out  a  fleet  to  the  St.  Lawrence,  under 
the  command  of  Sir  David  Kertk.  The  fleet 
having  arrived  before  Quebec,  its  commander 
demanded  from  Champlain  a  surrender  of 
the  place,  and  as  the  governor's  supply  of 
food  and  ammunition  was  too  small  to  enable 
him  to  sustain  a  siege,  he  signed  a  capitu- 
lation and  surrendered.  He  then  hastened 
to  France,  where  he  influenced  the  cabinet 
to  stipulate  for  the  restoration  of  Canada  to 
the  French  Crown,,  in  the  articles  of  peace 
which  were  shortly  afterwards  negotiated 
between  the  two  powers.  In  1632,  this  res- 
toration was  effected,  and  next  year  Champ- 
lain  again  returned  in  the  capacity  of  gover- 
nor. From  this  time  forward  he  strove  to 
promote  the  prosperity  of  the  colony  by 
every  means  in  his  power.  Among  the  means 
whereby  he  zealously  strove  to  effect  this 
object,  was  the  establishment  of  Jesuit  mis- 
•  sions  for  the  conversion  of  the  Indians. 
Among  other  missions  so  established  was  that 
in  the  far  western  Huron  country,  around 
which  the  Relations  des  Jesuites  have  cast 
such  a  halo  of  romance.  The  Father  of  New 
France  did  not  live  to  gather  much  fruit 


*  In  this  year,  Eustache,  son  of  Abraham  and 
Margaret  Martin,  the  first  child  of  European  pa- 
rentage born  in  Canada,  was  born  at  Quebec. 


from  the  crop  which  he  had  sown.  His  life 
of  incessant  fatigue  at  last  proved  too  much 
even  for  his  vigorous  frame.  After  an  ill- 
ness which  lasted  for  ten  weeks,  he  died  on 
Christmas  Day,  1635,  at  the  age  of  sixty- 
eight.  His  beautiful  young  wife,  who  had 
shared  his  exile  for  four  years,  returned  to 
France.  But  few  particulars  have  been  pre- 
served with  reference  to  Madame  de  Champ- 
Iain's  life.  Her  maiden  name  was  Helen 
Boulle",  and  she  was  the  sister  of  a  friend  and 
fellow-navigator  of  her  husband's.  After  her 
return  to  France  she  renounced  the  Protes- 
tant faith,  and  became  a  devout  Roman 
Catholic.  Having  resolved  upon  adopting  a 
conventual  life,  she  became  an  Ursuline 
nun,  under  the  name  of  Mother  Helen  de 
St.  Augustine.  She  founded  a  convent  at 
Meaux,  in  which  she  immured  herself  during 
the  remainder  of  her  life.  She  survived  her 
husband  nearly  nineteen  years,  and  died  on 
the  20th  of  December,  1654,  at  the  age  of 
fifty- six.  There  was  no  issue  of  the  marriage, 
and  the  patrimony  descended  to  a  cousin 
of  the  founder  of  New  France.  Champlain's 
body  was  interred  in  the  vaults  of  a  little 
Recollet  Church  in  the  Lower  Town,  Que- 
bec city.  This  church  was  subsequently 
burned  to  the  ground,  and  its  very  site  was 
not  certainly  known  until  recent  times.  In 
the  year  1867,  some  workmen  were  employed 
in  laying  water-pipes  beneath  the  flight  of 
stairs  called  <4  Breakneck  Steps,"  leading 
from  Mountain  Hill  to  Little  Champlain 
street.  Under  a  grating  at  the  foot  of  the 
steps,  they  discovered  the  vaults  of  the  old 
Recollet  Church,  with  the  remains  of  the 
Father  of  New  France  enclosed. 

L-acerte,  Elie,  M.D.,  Three  Rivers, 
was  born  on  the  15th  November,  1821,  at 
Yamachiche,  county  of  St.  Maurice,  dis- 
trict of  Three  Rivers,  province  of  Quebec. 
He  is  a  son  of  Pierre  Lacerte,  farmer,  of  the 
same  place,  who  was  born  llth  September, 
3792,  and  died  29th  April,  1885,  in  the 
suburb  of  Three  Rivers.  His  grandfather 
emigrated  from  the  city  of  Angers,  France, 
in  1671.  In  1812  this  gentleman  enlisted 
as  lieutenant  in  the  Canadian  militia,  under 
the  late  Lieut. -Colonel  C.  B.  A.  Gugy,  and 
served  up  to  1815.  On  his  return  he  marri- 
ed Louise  Blais,  of  Yamachiche.  After  a 
classical  course  at  Nicolet  College,  Elie 
Lacerte,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  began 
the  study  of  medicine  at  Three  Rivers,  and 
in  1843  went  to  continue  them  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Harvard. Cambridge,  Mass. ,  where 
he  graduated  doctor  of  medicine  on  the  5th 
of  March,  3845.  He  practised  as  a  physi- 
cian in  Boston  for  some  time,  then  re- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


619 


turning  to  Yamachiche  on  the  19th  Novem- 
ber, 1847,  where  he  continued  to  practice. 
On  the  26fch  June,  1853,  he  was  appointed 
justice  of  the  peace  for  the  district  of  Three 
Rivers;  and  in  March,  1857,  was  appointed 
as  postmaster  of  his  town.  In  1864  the 
Post-Office  department  entrusted  him  with 
the  conveyance  of  mails  from  Montreal  to 
Three  Rivers,  and  this  service  he  faithfully 
performed  up  to  1868,  when  he  was  elected 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons  for  the 
county  of  St.  Maurice.  In  1872  he  was  re- 
elected  by  acclamation,  and  in  the  following 
session  he  presented  the  address  in  answer 
to  the  speech  from  the  throne,  but  in  1874  he 
was  defeated  on  the  Pacific  Scandal  question. 
In  1875  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Leg- 
islative Assembly  of  Quebec,  and  he  sat  in 
this  house  until  the  2nd  of  March,  3878, 
when  the  De  Bcurcherville  cabinet  was  dis- 
missed by  Lieut. -Go v.  Le  Tellier.  He  then 
withdrew  from  active  public  life,  without, 
however,  becoming  indifferent  to  the  success 
of  the  Liberal-Conservative  party  to  which 
he  always  belonged.  On  the  13th  October, 
1886,  he  accepted  the  agency  of  the  lands 
and  forests  of  the  Crown,  in  the  district  of 
St.  Maurice,  and  that  position  he  still  holds. 
Some  years  ago  Dr.  Lacerte  commenced  a 
mercantile  business,  and  succeeded  very  well, 
but  growing  tired  of  this  kind  of  life,  in 
1884  he  handed  the  business  over  to  one  of 
his  sons,  who  has  successfully  conducted  it 
ever  since.  In  religion  the  doctor  ia  a  Ro- 
man Catholic.  He  married,  1848,  Louise 
Lamy,  and  by  her  has  had  eleven  children, 
six  sons  and  five  daughters.  Four  sons  are 
still  living,  and  the  eldest,  Arthur,  succeed- 
ed his  father  in  1868  as  postmaster. 

Kerr,  William  Warren  Hastings, 
Q.  C. ,  Montreal,  was  born  at  Three  Rivers, 
in  November,  1826.  He  was  the  son  of 
James  Hastings  Kerr,  a  respected  land 
agent  of  Quebec.  His  grandfather,  a  dis- 
tinguished English  barrister,  settled  at  Que- 
bec in  1797,  and  was  appointed  by  Imperial 
commission  as  judge  of  the  Vice  Admiralty 
Court  at  Quebec,  on  the  19th  August,  1797; 
appointed  judge  of  the  King's  Bench,  in 
1807;  called  to  the  Executive  Council  in 
1812;  to  the  Legislative  Council  in  1821, 
and  later  on  was  speaker  of  the  Legislative 
Council.  Mr.  Kerr  received  his  early  edu- 
cation at  Lundy's  College,  Quebec,  and 
ultimately  he  proceeded  to  Queen's  College, 
Kingston,  and  at  both  institutions  his  love 
of  legal  studies  was  made  conspicuous.  He 
completed  his  legal  studies  at  Quebec,  first 
with  Mr.  (later  on  judge)  Jean  Chabot,  and 
lastly  with  Mr.  (now  Sir)  Andrew  Stuart, 


chief  justice,  S.C.  On  the  1st  May,  1854, 
he  entered  into  partnership  at  Quebec  with 
J.  M.  Le  Moine,  under  the  style  of  Kerr  & 
Le  Moine.  In  May,  1858,  this  partnership 
having  been  dissolved,  he  entered  into  part- 
nership with  Archibald  Campbell,  an  old 
friend  and  fellow  student.  After  practising 
with  success  for  a  few  years  at  Quebec, 
under  the  well  remembered  style  of  Camp- 
bell &  Kerr,  he  sought  in  Montreal  a  wider 
field  for  his  splendid  talents.  The  silk 
gown  of  a  Queen's  counsel  was  conferred 
upon  him  in  3873,  and  McGill  University 
granted  him  the  degree  of  D.C.L.  in  the 
same  year.  He  was  dean  of  the  Faculty  of 
Law  in  McGill  University  and  professor  of 
International  Law.  He  was  elected  batton- 
nier  of  the  bar  in  1878.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Kerr  was  always  of  a  markedly  indepen- 
dent turn  of  mind,  and  it  is  generally  con- 
ceded that  if  he  had  taken  a  more  decided 
position  in  the  political  world  he  would  have 
been  elevated  to  the  bench,  which  he  would 
have  ornamented.  Twice  he  unsuccessfully 
contested  parliamentary  seats,  once  running 
against  Sir  John  Rose  in  Huntingdon,  in  the 
first  parliament;  and  secondly  against  the 
late  H.  A.  Nelson  for  the  Quebec  legislature. 
Mr.  Kerr's  position  at  the  Montreal  bar  was 
one  of  the  very  foremost.  In  every  branch 
of  law,  civil,  criminal,  international  and  con- 
stitutional, his  opinion  was  generally  re- 
garded as  final.  Among  the  prominent 
trials  in  which  he  has  figured  may  be  noted 
the  case  of  the  St.  Albans'  raiders  and  the 
Consolidated  Bank ;  in  the  latter  heulefended 
the  directors  and  secured  their  final  acquit- 
tal. His  contention  as  to  the  status  of 
lieutenant-governors  was  accepted  as  final  in 
the  famous  Letellier  case.  The  news  of  his 
death  on  12th  February,  1888,  was  received 
with  the  deepest  regret  by  his  confreres  at 
the  bar,  and  the  courts  were  adjourned  out 
of  respect  to  his  memory,  in  order  that  the 
members  of  the  bar  might  attend  his  funeral 
in  a  body.  Hon.  Mr.  Justice  Davidson,  at 
the  opening  of  the  Superior  Court,  in  speak- 
ing of  the  death  of  Mr,  Kerr,  said:  "Dur- 
ing the  years  that  I  led  in  the  Crown  busi- 
ness of  this  district,  there  were  few  great 
cases  in  which  he  was  not  retained.  As 
a  consequence,  I  had  many  opportunities  of 
being  impressed  with  his  deep  knowledge  of 
the  principles  and  intricacies  of  criminal 
jurisprudence,  his  fertility  of  resource  and 
his  subtle  powers  as  a  cross  examiner.  On 
the  civil  side  of  the  courts  he  also  occupied 
a  notable  position.  It  is  not  often  that  the 
same  mind  achieves  so  large  a  mastery  over 
two  so  dissimilar  systems  of  laws.  During 


620 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


my  earlier  practice  I  often  turned  to  him 
for  counsel,  and  it  was  given]with  a  kindli- 
ness and  sympathy  which  I  have  never  for- 
gotten. In  later  years  our  relations  went 
much  beyond  those  of  an  ordinary  pro- 
fessional intimacy.  Such  a  connection  can- 
not end  forever  without  personal  sorrow, 
compelling  the  utterance  of  this  more  than 
formal  eulogium  to  his  attainments  and 
character.  And  not  only  is  the  Queen's 
counsel  dead,  a  husband  and  father  of  rarely 
sweet  and  affectionate  qualities  is  also  to  be 
buried  out  of  our  sight."  He  was  married 
to  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Arnold,  by 
whom  he  had  two  children. 

Sutherland,  Hugh  McKay,  Winni- 
peg, ex-M.P.  for  Selkirk,  Manitoba,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Winnipeg  and  Hudson  Bay 
Railway  Company,  is  the  descendant  of 
an  old  Sutherlandshire  (Scotland)  family, 
and  was  born  in  New  London,  P.E.I.,  on 
22nd  February,  1843.  His  parents  removed 
with  their  family  to  Oxford  county,  Ont., 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  edu- 
cated. Mr.  Sutherland  was  engaged  in  lum- 
bering and  contracting  for  a  considerable 
period,  but,  though  leading  an  active  life,  he 
found  time  to  take  part  in  politics,  becom- 
ing a  man  of  considerable  prominence 
among  the  members  of  the  Liberal  party 
with  which  he  was  identified.  In  1874  he 
was  made  superintendent  of  Public  Works  in 
the  Northwest  Territories  for  the  Dominion 
government,  a  position  for  which  his  know- 
ledge and  executive  ability  well  fitted  him. 
During  his  absence  he  was  nominated  for 
the  Provincial  legislature  of  Ontario  by  the 
Liberals  of  East  Simcoe  in  the  general  elec- 
tion of  1875.  Though  unable  to  attend  to 
the  elections  he  made  a  good  run,  but  was 
not  successful.  In  1  879  he  settled  perma- 
nently in  Winnipeg,  after  having  made  it 
his  headquarters  during  the  four  or  five 
years  he  was  in  the  service  of  the  Dominion 

fovernment,  and  has  ever  since  been  identi- 
ed  with  the  progress  of  Manitoba  and  .the 
development  of  some  of  its  most  important 
resources.  In  1882  he  contested  Selkirk  in 
the  Liberal  interest,  and  was  returned  for 
that  constituency  to  the  House  of  Commons 
at  Ottawa  by  a  majority  of  about  450.  In 
the  general  election  of  February,  1887,  he 
was  nominated  to  oppose  W.  B.  Scarth  for 
the  city  of  Winnipeg,  but  was  defeated  by 
the  narrow  majority  of  eight.  He  was  the 
principal  promoter  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Rail- 
way scheme,  an  enterprise  which  is  on  a  par 
with  the  Suez  Canal  or  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  in  its  possibilities  of  influence  upon 
the  trade  of  the  world  ;  and  was  chiefly 


instrumental  in  procuring  a  charter  from 
the  Dominion  parliament,  in  1880,  incor- 
porating the  Winnipeg  and  Hudson  Bay 
Railway  Company,  of  which  he  has  ever 
since  been  president.  Through  countless 
difficulties  he  has  guided  this,  his  greatest 
enterprise,  and  has  succeeded  in  building 
already  about  forty  miles  of  the  road.  Not- 
withstanding the  apathy  of  the  mass  of 
Canadians  and  the  active  opposition  of 
many  great  interests,  Mr.  Sutherland  still 
has  faith  in  the  scheme,  and  feels  satisfied 
it  will  attract  capitalists.  He  hopes  soon  to 
have  arrangements  completed  for  continuing 
the  line  on  to  Hudson  Bay,  and  the  placing 
on  the  route  to  Britain  of  a  fleet  of  steam- 
ers specially  built  for  the  trade.  This  done, 
the  result  must  be  the  revolutionizing  of  the 
trade,  not  only  of  Manitoba,  but  of  the 
whole  Canadian  and  American  North- West. 
In  energy,  tact  and  organizing  ability  Mr. 
Sutherland  is  preeminently  the  man  to  have 
charge  of  a  gigantic  undertaking  of  this 
kind.  He  has  been  twice  married  ;  first, 
on  the  10th  February,  1864,  to  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  Alex.  Dickie,  of  Brant.  This  lady 
having  died  on  llth  October,  1875,  he  mar- 
ried his  second  wife,  Mary,  only  daughter  of 
Hon.  T.  Banks,  of  Baltimore,  U.S.,  on  the 
10th  December,  1878. 

Otter,  Lteut.-Colonel  Win.  Dil- 
lon, Toronto,  was  born  near  Clinton,  On- 
tario, on  the  3rd  of  December,  1843,  and 
is  of  English  descent.  His  parents  were 
Alfred  William  Otter  and  Anna  Dela  Hooke. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Grammar 
School,  Goderich,  and  at  the  Model  School 
and  the  Upper  Canada  College  in  Toronto. 
Pie  joined  the  Victoria  Rifles,  Toronto  (now 
F  Company  Queen's  Own),  in  October,  1861, 
and  was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  in  the 
Queen's  Own  Rifles  in  December,  1864.  He 
served  in  that  rank  on  the  Niagara  frontier 
during  the  winter  of  1864-5,  in  the  2nd  Ad- 
ministrative battalion.  Appointed  adjutant 
of  the  Queen's  Own  in  August,  1865,  and 
was  present  throughout  the  Fenian  raid  of 
1866,  including  the  action  at  Limeridge. 
Promoted  major  in  June,  1869,  and  went  to 
England  as  second  in  command  of  the  Wim- 
bledon team  in  June,  1873.  Promoted  bre- 
vet lieutenant-colonel  in  June,  1874,  and  ap- 
pointed to  the  command  of  the  corps  a  year 
later.  He  commanded  the  regiment  during 
the  "  pilgrimage  riots,"  Toronto,  in  the  lat- 
ter part  of  1875,  and  also  during  the  riots 
consequent  upon  the  strike  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  engineers  at  Belleville,  in  January, 
1877.  In  1881  Colonel  Otter  compiled  and 
published  "  The  Guide,"  a  manual  of  mili- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


621 


tary  interior  economy,  etc. ,  a  book  now  ex- 
tensively used  in  the  present  schools  of 
military  instruction  'and  throughout  the 
militia  force.  In  1883  he  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  Wimbledon  team, 
and  subsequently  sent  to  Aldershot  for 
three  months  to  acquire  information  in  the 
conduct  of  military  schools.  He  received 
the  appointment  of  commandant  of  the 
School  of  Infantry  at  Toronto,  in  December, 
1883,  and  organized  0  company,  Infant- 
ry School  Corps,  with  the  school  of  instruc- 
tion attached  thereto.  During  the  North- 
west rebellion  of  1885,  Colonel  Otter  com- 
manded the  centre  or  Battleford  column, 
making  therewith  a  forced  march  across  the 
prairie  from  Saskatchewan  Landing  to  Bat- 
tleford, a  distance  of  190  miles,  in  five  days 
and  a  half.  He  was  in  command  of  the 
successful  reconnaisance  against  the  Indian 
chief.  Poundmaker,  and  in  the  action  at 
Cut  Knife  Hill,  which  prevented  that  chief's 
junction  with  Big  Bear  and  their  projected 
assistance  to  Kiel.  He  afterwards,  at  the 
close  of  the  rebellion,  commanded  the  Turtle 
Lake  column  sent  in  pursuit  of  Big  Bear. 
Appointed  to  the  command  of  military  dis- 
trict No.  2,  in  July,  1886,  in  conjunction 
with  the  charge  of  the  Royal  School  of  In- 
fantry at  Toronto.  In  religion  the  colonel 
is  an  adherent  of  the  Church  of  England. 
He  was  married  in  October,  1865,  to  Mary, 
second  daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  James 
Porter,- inspector  of  public  schools,  Toronto, 
and  previously  superintendent  of  education, 
New  Brunswick. 

Hart,  John  Semple,  Bookseller  and 
Stationer,  Perth,  Ontario,  is  a  Scotchman  by 
birth,  having  been  born  in  Paisley,  on  the 
15th  July,  1833.  His  father,  John  Hart,  is 
a  native  of  the  town  in  which  his  son  was 
born  ;  and  his  mother,  Jean  Mason  Semple, 
was  born  in  the  city  of  London,  England. 
The  Hart  family  is  a  very  old  one — one  of 
the  name  appearing  in  the  records  of  the  old 
Paisley  Abbey,  as  master  mason  and  build- 
er, in  the  thirteenth  century.  Since  then  it 
has  continuously  occupied  public  positions  of 
trust  in  that  old  borough  town.  Mr.  Hart 
and  family  sailed  from  Glasgow  for  Canada 
on  the  15th  April,  1842,  and  arrived  in  Perth 
on  17th  June,  of  the  same  year,  after  a  fair- 
ly prosperous  voyage  across  the  Atlantic  in 
the  old  style  of  sailing  vessel  that  now  be- 
longs to  a  past  generation.  Mr.  Hart,  sen., 
only  intended  to  stay  in  Perth  a  few  days 
and  then  go  on  to  Toronto — then  only  a 
large  town,  but  the  principal  town  of  Upper 
Canada — but  whilst  here,  he  was  persuaded 
to  remain  and  make  it  his  home.  Perth  at 


this  time  was  an  active  town,  with  a  popu- 
lation of  about  800  inhabitants,  but  its  pro- 
gress was  comparatively  slow  in  consequence 
of  its  being  inland  from  the  St.  Lawrence 
and  ,off  the  Rideau  canal  route.  All  emi- 
grants passed  over  these  highways  of  travel 
at  this  time  to  Upper  Canada,  where  new 
tracts  of  farming  lands  were  opening  up  of 
fine  quality  and  on  easy  terms  of  purchase. 
These  cheap  lands  .and  the  attractions  of 
pioneer  life  drew  not  only  the  emigrants 
but  the  young  and  active  men  from  the 
older  settlements,  and  thus  Perth  and 
its  surrounding  country  was  made  tri- 
butary to  the  settlement  of  the  "Huron 
Tract,"  as  all  Ontario  has  been  lately 
to  the  great  Northwest.  The  progress  of 
the  town  was  therefore  not  as  rapid  as  its 
citizens  wished  ;  business  was  also  in  a  very 
unsatisfactory  state  at  this  time  ;  money  as 
a  medium  of  exchange  was  not  unknown, 
but  was  a  scarce  commodity  ;  barter  or  trade 
was  the  principal  means  of  exchange  in  buy- 
ing and  selling,  and  in  the  stores  of  that 
day  you  could  get  anything  required  for 
the  household  use  from  a  ' '  needle  to 
an  anchor."  Times  were  hard,  and  rigid 
economy  the  rule,  and  all  members  of  the 
family  were  expected  to  do  what  they  could 
to  help.  John  S.,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  being  the  eldest  of  the  family,  had 
to  make  himself  generally  useful,  give  his 
father  a  helping  hand  at  his  trade,  and  em- 
brace every  chance  offered  for  attending 
school.  Fortunately,  however,  for  him,  he 
had  received  a  good  grounding  in  education- 
al matters  in  schools  in  his  native  town  and 
in  Glasgow  before  coming  to  Canada,  and 
suffered  less  in  this  direction  than  many  a 
young  man  before  him.  In  1853  he  and  his 
father  opened  a  book  and  stationery  store, 
with  a  small  stock  of  goods,  but  enough  to 
meet  the  wants  of  the  community.  Busi- 
ness prospered,  and  in  1857  they  removed 
to  their  present  store,  one  of  the  best  in 
Perth.  Here  for  the  past  thirty  years  Mr. 
Hart  has  been  carrying  on  business,  and 
by  close  attention  to  it,  and  studying  the 
wants  of  his  numerous  customers,  he  has 
succeeded  in  building  up  a  good,  paying 
book  and  stationery  business .  Mr.  Hart  has 
taken  an  active  interest  in  military  affairs, 
and  served  in  the  ranks  for  several  years 
under  the  old  militia  system,  until  he  was 
appointed  a  lieutenant,  and  after  a  while  he 
was  further  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major 
in  the  sedentary  militia.  During  the  Trent 
excitement  he  became  an  active  member  of 
the  local  drill  association,  which  was  formed 
for  home  protection  at  that  time.  During 


622 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  Northwest  rebellion  in  1885,  when  it 
was  decided  to  establish  hospitals  for  the 
wounded  and  sick  soldiers  and  to  send  train- 
ed nurses  to  manage  them,  Mr.  Hart,  on 
learning  that  one  of  the  ladies  of  the  town 
had  volunteered  and  was  accepted  as  a  nurse, 
and  that  it  was  necessary  to  send  additional 
medical  appliances  and  stores  to  those  pro- 
vided by  the  government,  at  once  took  an 
active  part  in  equipping  the  "  Perth  Ward," 
and  the  generous  response  of  his  fellow- 
townsmen  was  afterwards  attested  to  by 
many  a  poor  fellow  who  benefited  by  these 
auxiliary  stores.  And,  in  this  connection, 
it  may  also  be  said  that  after  the  death  of 
young  Lieut.  Kippen,  of  Perth  (who  was 
killed  at  Batoche),  when  it  was  decided  to 
erect  a  monument  to  his  memory,  Mr.  Hart 
exerted  himself  in  procuring  subscriptions, 
and  was  an  active  member  on  the  commit- 
tee appointed  to  see  that  the  wishes  of  the 
subscribers  were  carried  out,  and,  as  a  result 
of  their  united  efforts,  the  Kippen  memorial 
monument  now  forms  the  most  conspicuous 
of  the  many  beautiful  monuments  in  Elm- 
wood  Cemetery,  Perth.  In  1864,  Mr.  Hart 
was  placed  on  the  list  of  justices  of  the 
peace,  but  not  being  ambitious  for  public 
positions,  he  has  always  declined  to  serve  in 
this  capacity,  as  he  has  almost  invariably 
done  in  municipal  offices.  He  has  been  con- 
nected with  several  local  manufacturing  com- 
panies, the  Tay  Navigation  Company,  etc., 
and  it  may  almost  be  said  that  the  Perth 
Cemetery  Company  owes  its  existence  to 
him,  for  he  was  instrumental  in  getting  the 
majority  of  the  stock  subscribed  in  1871  or 
1872,  and  for  the  successful  working  of  the 
company.  He  has  now  held  the  office  of 
treasurer  and  manager  of  this  company  for 
over  fifteen  years,  and  the  beautiful  grounds 
of  the  cemetery  are  a  credit  alike  to  the  town 
and  manager.  Mr.  Hart  is  a  Conservative, 
and  takes  an  active  part  in  provincial  and 
federal  politics.  He  supports  the  Conserva- 
tive party  because  it  represents  his  ideas  on 
trade  and  commerce,  he  having  advocated 
the  national  policy  long  before  it  was  intro- 
duced. In  municipal  affairs  he  is  also  inter- 
ested, and  is  always  willing  to  help  in  any- 
thing that  has  for  its  object  the  building  up  of 
the  town  of  Perth — railways,  education,  etc. 
In  religion,  he  belongs  to  the  Presbyterian 
church.  Mr.  Hart  has  not  had  time  to  re- 
visit his  father-land  ;  but  he  has  visited  near- 
ly the  whole  of  Canada  from  east  to  west, 
making  the  tour  of  the  lakes  from  the  Sa- 
guenay  to  Duluth,  and  the  principal  towns 
and  cities  of  Ontario,  on  various  occasions, 
and  all  the  principal  cities  of  the  Northern 


and  New  England  States,  either  for  pleasure 
or  business.  He  is  a  citizen  that  Perth 
could  ill  spare.  He  was  married  on  Janu- 
ary 1st,  1857,  to  Margaret  Brown,  daughter 
of  the  late  William  Brown,  of  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  and  later,  of  Perth,  Ontario.  She 
died  in  1863,  leaving  a  family  of  two  sons 
and  one  daughter.  He  was  married  again 
in  Feb.,  1870,  to  Mary  Irving,  daughter  of 
the  late  John  Irving,  of  Montreal,  and  who 
came  from  Scotland  and  the  parish  where 
his  kinsman,  the  celebrated  Edward  Irving, 
was  born. 

Lafrance,  Charles  Joseph,  City 
Treasurer,  of  Quebec,  is  one  of  the  best 
known  and  most  respected  public  citizens  in 
the  ancient  capital.  His  true  name  is  Charles 
Joseph  Levesque,  dit,  or  called,  Laf ranee. 
The  possession  of  two  names  in  this  way  is 
an  institution  peculiar  to  many  of  the  French 
Canadians  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  the 
first  being  the  original  or  real  family  appel- 
lation, and  the  other  more  in  the  nature  of 
a  distinguishing  sobriquet,  given  in  the  re- 
mote past  for  some  reason  which  cannot  now 
be  traced,  but  eventually  crowding  the  real 
name  out  of  daily  and  general  use.  Thus, 
the  late  Hon.  Joseph  Cauchon,  ex-lieut.- 
governor  of  Manitoba,  was  better  known  by 
that  name  than  by  his  real  patronymic, 
which  was  Laverdiere  dit  Cauchon.  The 
same  remark  applies  to  the  city  treasurer 
of  Quebec,  who  is  better  known  to  his  fellow 
citizens  by  the  name  of  Lafrance  than  by 
his  real  family  name  of  Levesque,  though 
his  brother,  the  present  parish  priest  of 
Matane,  P.Q. ,  was  ordained  under  the  name 
of  Levesque,  and  is  known  by  no  other.  In 
fact,  nine-tenths  of  them  would  hardly  recog- 
nize him  by  any  other.  He  was  born  in  the 
St.  Roch  suburb  of  Quebec,  on  13th  No- 
vember, 1833,  of  the  marriage  of  the  late 
Charles  Levesque  dit  Lafrance,  carpenter, 
and  Marie  Prevost.  His  parents  were  not 
blessed  with  a  superabundance  of  this 
world's  goods,  but  they  were  actuated  by  a 
laudable  ambition  to  give  their  boy  a  good 
education  and  ultimately  a  profession.  He 
was  accordingly  placed  at  the  Quebec  Sem- 
inary with  the  intention  of  following  a  com- 
plete classical  course  in  that  institution  in 
order  to  prepare  himself  for  the  study  and 
practice  of  the  law.  He  was  an  apt  scholar,  and 
the  progress  he  made  in  his  collegiate  studies 
was  remarkable,  but,  before  he  could  com- 
plete them,  circumstances  over  which  he  had 
no  control  compelled  him  to  abandon  them, 
and  relinquish — as  he  then  thought,  only  for 
a  time — the  legal  career  which  he  had  laid 
out  for  himself,  and  to  turn  his  attention  to 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


623 


school  teaching  as  a  means  of  livelihood.   In 
the  fall  of  1850,  he  secured  the  appointment 
of  teacher  at  Cap  Rouge,  near  Quebec,  and 
for  the  next  three  years  he  "  taught  the 
young  idea  there  how  to  shoot."     He  then 
removed  to  Batiscan,  P.Q.,  where  he  taught 
for  another  year.     In   June,  1854,  he  wed- 
ded Catherine  Stegy  dit  Angers,   daughter 
of  the  late  Olivier  Stegy  dit  Angers,  and 
his  wife,  Catherine  Bilodeau,  of  St.  Roch's 
of   Quebec.     After  his    marriage,  he   bade 
adieu  for  good  to  his  long  cherished  idea  of 
becoming  a  member  of  the  legal  profession, 
and  took  charge  of  the  school  at  Beauport, 
some -three  miles  out  of  the  city  of  Quebec, 
on  the  road  to  Montmorency  Falls.     In  this 
field  he  again  labored   for  some  time,  until 
tiring  of  the  position    and  prospects  of  a 
country  teacher,  he  resolved   to    establish 
himself  in  the  city  where  there  was  a  greater 
opening  for  his  talents.     Accordingly  on  1st 
May,  1859,  he  opened  in  the  St.  John  suburb 
of  Quebec,  an  independent  school  under  the 
name  of  the  ' '  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Commercial 
Academy,"  which  he  continued  to  superin- 
tend until   July,  1876.     During  the  inter- 
val, he  devoted  all  his  leisure  time  from  his 
pupils  to  study  and  the  compilation  for  his 
classes  of  a  number  of  valuable  works  on 
French,  English,  and  book-keeping.  Among 
these  may  be  more  specially  mentioned,  the 
very  useful  French  grammar  which  he  pub- 
lished  in  1865,  and   his  treatise  on  arith- 
metic, published  in  1867.     He  also  took  a 
great  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  Teachers' 
Association,  of  which  he  was  long  a  member, 
and  several  times   secretary  and  president, 
besides  being  chosen  as  a  delegate  to  repre- 
sent the  teachers  of   the  Quebec   district  at 
the  great  convention  of  the  teachers  of  the 
province  of    Quebec,  held   at   Montreal  in 
May,    1861.     In   the   educational  interest, 
he  also  started  in  1864,  at  Quebec,  jointly 
with     N.    Thibault     and    Joseph    Letour- 
neau,  both  professors  of  the  Laval  Normal 
School,  the  publication  of  La  Semaine  (The 
Week],  a  weekly  paper  devoted  to  the  cause 
of   education  and  the   teaching  profession. 
The  promotion  of  a  strong  national   feeling 
among  his  French  Canadian  fellow-country- 
men was  another  of  his  ambitions,  and   he 
early  became  a  prominent  member  of  their 
great  national  society,  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste, 
of  Quebec,  of  which  he  was   elected  secre- 
tary in  1866.     He  filled  this  office  during 
eight  years,  then  that  of  vice -president  dur- 
ing two  years,  and  lastly  that  of  president 
during  two  years  more.  It  was  while  he  was 
still  an  office-holder  of  the  society  in  1874, 
that  he  was  named  with  the   Hon.  Hector 


Fabre,  now  the  Canadian  commissioner  in 
Paris,  and   J.  P.  Rheaume,  ex-M.  P.P.  for 
Quebec  East  and  an  alderman  of  the  city, 
as  one  of  the  delegates  to  represent  Quebec 
at  the  great  celebration  of  the  national  fes- 
tival  at  Montreal  that  year.      The  active 
and  intelligent  interest  which  Mr.  Lafrance 
had   also   taken    in   municipal    affairs,    his 
large  fund  of  information  and    ready  elo- 
quence, marked  him  out  as  early  as  1868  for 
civic  honors,  and  in  that  year  he  was  pressed 
to  stand  as  a  candidate  for  one  of  the  seats 
for  St.  John's  ward   in  the  city  council  of 
Quebec.      But,  politically,  he  was  a  liberal 
of   the  liberals  ;    toryism  was  then  in   the 
ascendant  in  the  ancient  capital,  and  he  had 
to  make  a  desperate   fight  against  terrible 
odds.     He  won,  however,  and  after  that  he 
was  constantly  re-elected  without  opposition 
down  to  1876,  when  he  declined  further  re- 
election, though  pressed  thereto  by  a  requi- 
sition signed  by  the  majority  of  the  electors 
of  both  political   parties.     In   the    Quebec 
city  council,  Mr.  Lafrance  was  one  of  the 
most  conspicuous  figures,  leading  in  all  im- 
portant  debates,  and    generally    taking   a 
prominent  part  in  all  committee  and   coun- 
cil work  for  the  good  of  the  city.     On  finan- 
cial questions,  he  was  especially  strong,  and 
was  altogether  a  valuable  municipal   repre- 
sentative, his  course  throughout  being  mark- 
ed  by  great  independence,   and  his  name 
unsullied   by   the    breath   of  scandal.      It 
has  already  been  stated  that  Mr.  Lafrance 
was  an  ardent  liberal  in  politics.      Even  in 
his  school-days,  he  was  noted  for  the  inten- 
sity of  his   liberalism,   and  as  he  grew   to 
manhood  he  threw  himself  with  all  the  en- 
thusiasm and  self-denial  of  his  nature  into 
all  the  struggles  of  his  party  in  the  Quebec 
district.      But  the  liberal  fortunes  were  at 
a  low  ebb  in  Lower  Canada  in   those  days, 
the  cause  was  unpopular,  and  the  very  name 
of  Rouge  was  a  bugbear.     It  required  great 
moral  courage  for  a  young  man  to  cast   his 
lot  with  the  Dorions,  the  Holtons,  the  Lau- 
riers,  the  Fourniers  and  the   other  ardent 
spirits,  who  were  then  considered  the  advo- 
cates of  revolution  among  the  French  Can- 
adians,   and   condemned  accordingly  from 
hustings  and  pulpit.     All  the  worldly,  and, 
it  may  be  added,  spiritual  inducements  of 
the  day  were  on  the  other  side.     But  Mr. 
Lafrance  never  hesitated  even  for  a  moment 
in  his  choice  between  principles  and  interest. 
He  at  once  took  his  place  in  the  van  of  the 
Liberal  party  militant,  and  boldly  lifted  its 
fallen  banner  in  the  Quebec  district.   Prompt 
to  perceive  that  the  great  want  of  his  fellow- 
countrymen  was  political  education,  and  that 


624 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  chief  drawback  of  his  party  was  the 
absence  of  organs  to  supply  that  education 
and  to  denounce  the  wrong  doing  and  short 
comings  of  their  adversaries  in  power,  the 
hard-working  school  teacher  threw  himself 
also  into  journalism,  and  started  paper  after 
paper  in  the  interest  of  his  party.  His  con- 
fidence in  the  eventual  success  of  that  party's 
mission  was  unbounded  ;  but  his  means  and 
support  were  necessarily  limited,  and  though 
his  papers  were  ably,  nay,  brilliantly,  con- 
ducted, they  were  short  lived.  Each  failure, 
however,  seemed  to  encourage  him  to  new 
exertion.  Thus,  in  1866,  he  assumed  the 
publication  of  L'Electeur,  and  upon  its  death 
embarked  his  fortunes  in  IS  Echo  du  Peuple, 
which  he  published  during  1867  and  1868. 
In  1870,  he  brought  out  L'  Opinion  Nationale, 
and  in  1871  and  1872  L' Opinion  du  Peuple, 
the  last  named  being  an  open  advocate  of  an- 
nexation to  the  United  States  as  the  only 
remedy  for  existing  evils  from  which  escape 
then  seemed  to  him  otherwise  hopeless.  In 
this  view,  it  will  be  remembered  that  he  did 
not  stand  alone  at  the  time.  But  he  had 
the  courage  of  his  convictions  and  boldly 
advocated  them.  It  was,  however,  up-hill 
work  to  do  so,  and  his  life  history  at  this 
stage  was  one  of  prolonged  struggle  and 
self-sacrifice.  In  1874,  he  was  the  candidate 
chosen  by  the  Liberal  party  to  contest  with 
the  government  candidate  the  seat  for  Que- 
bec Centre  in  the  Provincial  legislature,  and 
his  personal  popularity  with  the  mass  of  the 
electors  was  so  great  that  his  return  was 
confidently  anticipated.  But  the  govern- 
ment delayed  the  issue  of  the  writ  from 
January  to  April,  and  in  the  interval  the 
late  Hon  Joseph  Cauchon  was  commissioned 
to  announce  to  him  that  the  government 
would  allow  him  to  be  elected  by  acclama- 
tion, provided  he  signed  a  pledge  to  give 
them  a  certain  amount  of  "  fair  play."  Mr. 
Lafrance's  reply  to  this  tempting  offer  was 
characteristically  consistent.  He  said  :  "  I 
have  always  been  a  Liberal.  If  to  have 
the  honor  of  representing  Quebec  Centre  I 
must  begin  by  making  concessions  of  this 
kind,  I  prefer  to  remain  at  home."  This 
reply  cost  him  the  active  support  of  Mr. 
Cauchon,  who  was  then  a  great  political 
power  in  Quebec,  and  the  English  vote  of 
the  division  was  also  alienated  from  him  by 
a  pamphlet  which  he  had  published  towards 
the  end  of  December,  1873,  under  the  title 
of  "  Our  Political  Divisions."  Bribery  and 
corruption  on  an  extensive  scale,  coupled 
with  the  treachery  of  several  of  his  chief 
election  managers,  did  the  remainder  of  the 
work  and  secured  his  defeat  at  the  polls.  In 


1876,  the  Liberal  government  of  Mr.  Mac- 
kenzie was  in  power  at  Ottawa,  and  our  sub- 
ject was  named  as  inspector  of  gas  at  Que- 
bec, when  he  abandoned  school  teaching. 
But  he  continued  to  contribute  to  the  local 
press  and  especially  to  L'Evenement,  of 
which  he  assumed  the  complete  editorial 
management  from  the  fall  of  1876  to  the 
close  of  1877,  during  the  absence  of  its  pro- 
prietor and  usual  editor,  Senator  Fabre,  at 
Ottawa  and  in  France.  In  1878,  the  impor- 
tant and  responsible  office  of  treasurer  of  the 
city  of  Quebec  became  vacant,  and,  recalling 
the  fiuancial  ability  he  had  manifested  as  a 
member  of  the  city  council,  public  opinion 
at  once  designated  Mr.  Lafrance  for  the 
office  and  he  received  it.  This  appoint- 
ment, and  successive  family  bereavements 
about  the  same  time,  determined  his  aban- 
donment of  politics  and  the  devotion  of 
his  remaining  years  of  usefulness  to  the 
finances  of  the  city  and  the  interests  of  his 
family.  Under  his  able  and  cautious  man- 
agement, Quebec's  financial  situation  as  a 
city  has  since  very  materially  improved, 
and  its  credit  stands  high  in  the  money 
markets  of  the  world — the  latest  quotation 
of  its  bonds  on  the  English  market  being 
118.  He  has  also  very  thoroughly  and  effec- 
tively re-organized  the  book-keeping  and 
audit  systems  of  the  Quebec  corporation, 
and  is  the  originator  of  a  scheme  for  the  con- 
solidation of  the  city  debt,  which  still  claims 
very  serious  attention  and  may  probably  at 
no  distant  day  be  carried  out.  In  religion, 
Mr.  Lafrance  is  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  has 
seven  surviving  children.  One  of  his  sons 
is  assistant  accountant  of  the  Quebec  cor- 
poration, and  one  of  his  daughters  not  long 
since  left  Quebec  with  thirty  self-sacrificing 
young  ladies  to  devote  herself  as  a  nun  to  the 
care  of  the  sick  and  infirm  in  the  convent  of 
the  Incarnate  Word  at  San  Antonio,  Texas. 
Scartli,  William  Bain,  Winnipeg, 
M.P.  for  the  city  of  Winnipeg,  Manitoba, 
was  born  in  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  on  the 
10th  November,  1837.  His  father  was 
James  Scarth,  a  scion  of  the  family  of  the 
Scarths  of  Binscarth,  Orkney  Islands  ;  and 
his  mother,  Jane  Geddes,  of  Stromness  in 
the  same  islands.  He  received  a  general 
classical  education  in  schools  in  Aberdeen 
and  Edinburgh.  Mr.  Scarth  came  to  Can- 
ada in  1855,  when  seventeen  years  of  age, 
and  after  several  years  spent  in  mercantile 
life  in  Hamilton  and  London,  Ontario,  he 
removed,  in  1868,  to  Toronto,  where  he  re- 
sided till  1884.  Soon  after  his  removal  to 
Toronto  he  began  to  take  a  prominent  part  in 
public  affairs.  For  two  years  he  occupied  a 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


625 


seat  in  the  city  council  as  representative  of 
St.  James'  ward  ;  was  a  high  school  trustee, 
and  was  manager  of  the  North  British- 
Canadian  Investment  Company  and  the 
Scottish  Ontario  and  Manitoba  Land  Com- 
pany. He  was  also  president  of  the  Conser- 
vative Association  of  Centre  Toronto.  After 
removing  to  Winnipeg,  in  1884,  he  became 
managing  director  of  the  Canada  North- 
west Land  Company  ;  secretary  and  direc- 
tor of  the  Canadian  Anthracite  Coal  Com- 
pany, and  director  of  the  North  British- 
Canadian  Investment  Company.  He  pre- 
sented himself  for  parliamentary  honors  in 
1887,  and  was  elected  to  serve  in  the  House 
of  Commons  at  Ottawa  as  representative  for 
Winnipeg,  and  this  seat  he  still  occupies. 
Mr.  Scarth  has  travelled  a  good  deal,  and 
long  before  railway  days  traversed  the  far 
North-west.  He  has  also  visited  Cuba,  and 
is  familiar  with  every  part  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Conservative  ;  and  in  religion,  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  church.  In  1869  he 
was  married  to  Jessie  Stewart  Franklin, 
daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  John  Macau  lay 
Hamilton,  R.N.,  a  native  of  Stromness, 
Orkney,  and  cousin  of  Lord  Macaulay,  tho 
historian.  Her  mother  was  Miss  Rae,  sister 
of  Dr.  Rae,  the  Arctic  explorer. 

Ifoiild,  Jean  Baptt§te  LiicSger, 
LL.B. ,  Barrister,  Three  Rivers,  who  ia  one 
of  the  most  prominent  lawyers  in  Three 
Rivers,  was  born  on  the  3rd  of  September, 
1841,  at  St.  Angele  de  Laval,  and  is  the  son 
of  Jean  Baptiste  Hould,  who  for  runny 
years  was  mayor  and  member  of  tbe  council 
of  the  latter  place.  His  mother  was  Olive 
Tourigny,  of  the  same  place.  Mr.  Hould 
was  educated  at  the  Seminary  of  Nicolet, 
where  he  succeeded  in  securing  a  good  edu- 
cation. He  afterwards  stu  lied  l;vw  at  Laval 
University,  during  which  term  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  office  of  the  then  well-known 
firm  of  Casault,  Langlois  &  Angers,  the  Hon. 
Mr.  Casault,  now  judge  of  the  Superior 
Court,  and  the  Hon.  Mr.  Angers,  the  present 
lieutenant-governor  of  Quebec,  being  mem- 
bers of  it.  Mr.  Hould  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Lower  Canada  in  July,  1864,  and 
commenced  practice  at  Three  Rivers  in 
1865,  and  since  then  he  has  enjoyed  by  far 
the  most  lucrative  practice  in  that  city. 
Amongst  his  many  duties,  he  has  pleaded  at 
the  Court  of  Review,  in  the  Queen's  Bench 
and  in  the  Supreme  Court.  He  held  office 
for  many  years  in  the  city  council,  but  his 
multifarious  duties  in  connection  with  his 
practice  compelled  him  to  relinquish  his 
connection  with  municipal  affairs.  He  was 
MM 


elected  twice  president  (batonnier)  of  the 
bar  of  Three  Rivers,  and  in  May,  1883, 
was  also  chosen  president  (batonnier-gener- 
al)  of  the  bar  of  the  province  of  Quebec. 
He  is  acknowledged  by  his  confreres  as  pos- 
sessing a  great  amount  of  professional  abili- 
ty ;  is  greatly  respected  by  the  community 
at  large,  and  highly  deserving  of  the  confi- 
dence for  integrity  reposed  in  him.  Mr. 
Hould  helped  to  have  the  tax  of  $4.00 
abolished  which  each  advocate  was  formerly 
compelled  to  pay  for  the  publication  of  the 
Lower  Canada  Reports  ;  and  he  established 
a  law  library  for  the  bar  of  Three  Rivers. 
He  is  one  of  the  founders  and  the  first  presi- 
dent of  the  literary  and  scientific  society  call- 
ed Societe  Basault,  which  was  founded  in 
1863,  at  Laval  University,  in  Quebec.  He 
acted  as  advocate  for  F.  H.  B.  Methot,  H. 
Montplaisir,  H.  G.  Mathiot  and  F.  Trudel 
when  their  elections  were  contested.  He 
married  on  the  30th  June,  1869,  Sarah, 
daughter  of  the  late  Fran§ois  Xavier  Tur- 
cotte,  who  was  for  many  years  clerk  of  the 
peace  for  Three  Rivers.  By  this  marriage 
there  has  been  issue  nine  children,  five  of 
whom  survive. 

Tascliereau,  His  Eminence  El- 
zear  Alexander,  Cardinal  and  Arch- 
bishop of  Quebec,  was  born  on  the  17th 
February,  1820,  at  St.  Marie  de  la  Beauce, 
Quebec  province.  This  illustrious  prince  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  church  is  descended 
from  Thomas  Jacques  Taschereau,  a  gentle- 
man who  came  to  Canada  in  the  early  part 
of  the  seventeenth  century  from  Touraine, 
in  France,  and  whose  descendants  have  ever 
since  occupied  prominent  positions  in  the 
province  of  Quebec.  Soon  after  the  arrival 
of  the  founder  of  the  Canadian  branch  of 
the  family,  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of 
marine  treasurer,  and  in  1736  received  a 
grant  of  a  seigniory  on  the  banks  of  the 
Chaudiere  river.  The  Cardinal's  grandfather 
was  the  late  Hon.  Gabriel  Elzear  Tascher- 
eau, who,  during  his  lifetime,  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislative  Assembly.  His  father  was 
Jean  Thomas  Taschereau,  who  was  a  judge  of 
the  King's  Bench  and  died  in  1832.  His  mo- 
ther, Marie  Panet,  was  a  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
Jean  Antoine  Panet,  who  was  the  speaker 
of  the  first  Legislative  Assembly  of  Cana- 
da. This  estimable  lady  died  in  1866.  The 
future  Cardinal,  when  a  mere  lad,  was  sent 
to  the  Quebec  Seminary,  where  he  soon  be- 
came distinguished  as  a  student.  Here  he 
pursued  a  course  of  classical  studies,  and 
then  entered  the  Grand  Seminary,  where  he 
began  the  usual  course  of  theology.  In 
1836,  when  he  was  in  his  seventeenth  year, 


626 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


he  visited  Rome  in  company  with  Abbe* 
Holmes,  of  the  Seminary,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  received  the  tonsure  at  the 
hands  of  Monsigneur  Piatti,  archbishop  of 
Trebizonde,  in  the  Basilica  of  St.  John 
Lateran.  Shortly  after  this  he  returned  to 
Quebec  and  again  took  up  his  theological 
studies,  which,  with  other  branches  of  learn- 
ing, occupied  his  attention  for  about  six  years, 
when,  though  he  was  still  under  canonical 
age,  he  was  ordained  priest.  His  ordination 
took  place  on  the  10th  September,  1842,  at 
the  Church  of  St.  Marie  de  la  Beauce,  his  na- 
tive place,  in  the  presence  of  Monseigeur 
Turgeon,  then  coadjutor,  and  subsequently 
successor  to  Archbishop  Signal.  Within  a 
short  time  after  his  ordination  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  chair  of  philosophy  in  the 
Seminary,  and  this  important  position  he 
held  for  twelve  years.  Previous  to  this, 
even  in  1838,  he  held  the  professorship 
of  Latin  and  Greek,  and  in  1841  he  was 
professor  of  rhetoric.  A  very  interesting  epi- 
sode in  this  illustrious  clergyman's  life  occur- 
red shortly  after  this  date,  which  we  cannot 
help  recording  here,  and  which  deserves  to 
be  written  in  letters  of  gold.  About  thirty 
miles  below  the  port  of  Quebec,  in  the  St. 
Lawrence  river,  and  nearly  opposite  St. 
Thomas,  is  a  small  island  known  by  the 
name  of  Grosse  Isle,  which  has  been  used 
for  a  great  number  of  years  by  the  gov- 
ernment of  Canada  as  a  quarantine  sta- 
tion, where  all  ships  carrying  emigrants 
are  required  to  report  before  sailing  further 
up  the  river.  In  1847  a  malignant  fever 
broke  out  among  the  emigrants  there  which 
ran  a  rapid  course,  and  the  victims  died  in 
great  numbers.  At  this  time  the  emigrants 
coming  in  were  chiefly  Irish  Roman  Ca- 
tholics who  had  been  driven  by  poverty 
and  famine  to  seek  a  home  in  Canada  ;  their 
vitality  had  been  greatly  impaired  by  star- 
vation before  leaving  home,  and  they  fell 
easy  victims  to  the  ship  fever  then  so  preva- 
lent, which  in  some  cases  carried  them  off 
in  a  few  hours.  The  greater  part  of  the 
island  was  for  a  time  little  better  than  a 
mass  of  loathsomeness  and  pestilence,  and 
the  heroism  that  would  enable  a  man  to  face 
such  a  state  of  things  is  much  more  praise- 
worthy than  the  courage  required  to  enable 
him  to  walk  up  to  the  mouth  of  a  cannon. 
Father  Taschereau  felt  the  call  of  duty  and 
volunteered  his  services  to  assist  the  Rev. 
Father  Moylan,  who  was  then  chaplain  at 
Grosse  Isle,  to  minister  to  the  spiritual 
necessities  of  the  victims  of  the  fever.  His 
kind  offer  was  thankfully  accepted,  and  he 
landed  on  the  island  where  he  remained 


until  he  himself  was  stricken  down  by  the 
scourge  and  brought  literally  to  death's 
door.  His  conduct  at  this  time  endeared 
him  very  much  to  the  Irish  Roman  Ca- 
tholics in  Quebec  and  their  countrymen 
throughout  the  west.  But,  to  resume, 
Father  Taschereau  was  appointed  professor 
of  theology  in  the  Seminary  in  1851,  and 
three  years  afterwards,  in  1854,  he  again 
visited  Rome,  charged  by  the  second  Pro- 
vincial Council  of  Quebec  to  submit  its 
decrees  for  the  sanction  of  his  Holiness  the 
Pope.  He  spent  two  years  at  this  time  in 
the  Eternal  City,  during  which  period  he  oc- 
cupied himself  chiefly  in  studying  the  canon 
law,  and  while  here  (July,  1856)  the  Roman 
Seminary  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  canon  law.  On  his  return  to 
Quebec,  he  was  appointed  director  of  the 
Petit  Seminaire,  a  position  which  he  filled 
until  1859,  when  he  was  elected  director  of 
the  Grand  Seminaire,  and  appointed  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Council  of  Public  Instruction  for 
Lower  Canada.  In  1860  he  became  super- 
ior of  the  Seminary  and  rector  of  Laval  Uni- 
versity. In  ]862  he  accompanied  Arch- 
bishop Baillargeon  to  Rome  on  business 
connected  with  Laval  University,  and  on  his 
return  the  same  year,  was  appointed  vicar- 
general  of  the  arch-diocese  of  Quebec.  Again 
in  1864  he  paid  a  visit  to  Rome  on  similar 
business  connected  with  Laval.  In  1866,  his 
term  of  office  as  superior  of  the  Grand  Semi- 
naire having  expired,  he  was  again  appoint- 
ed director,  and  three  years  afterwards, 
on  the  expiration  of  another  term,  he  was 
re-elected  superior.  In  1870  he  paid  an- 
other visit  to  Rome,  this  time  as  secretary 
to  Monseigneur  C.  Baillargeon,  archbishop 
of  Quebec,  who  went  there  to  attend  the 
Vatican  Council,  and  on  his  return  the  same 
year  he  resumed  his  duties  as  superior  of 
the  Seminary  and  rector  of  Laval  University. 
After  the  death  of  Archbishop  Baillargeon 
in  October,  1870,  he  administered  the  affairs 
of  the  arch-diocese  conjointly  with  Grand 
Vicar  Cazean.  On  the  13th  Feb.,  1871,  it 
was  announced  that  he  had  been  appointed 
successor  to  the  late  archbishop,  and  on 
Sunday,  the  19th  of  March,  following,  he 
was  consecrated  to  this  high  office  in  the  pre- 
sence of  a  vast  concourse  of  people,  many  of 
the  clergy  of  the  diocese  and  of  the  bishopa 
of  Quebec  and  Ontario, — the  Archbishop  of 
Toronto  officiating.  In  1872  and  1884, 
business  again  led  him  to  Rome.  And  in 
1887,  on  his  last  visit  to  the  capital  of 
Christendom,  he  was  presented  with  the 
Cardinal's  hat.  His  Eminence  is  the  first 
Canadian  who  has  thus  been  so  honored  by 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


627 


his  church,  and  his  Protestant  fellow- 
countrymen  are  as  proud  of  the  honor  con- 
ferred upon  him  as  his  co-religionists,  for  he 
is  held  in  high  esteem  by  persons  of  all 
classes  and  creeds  in  the  Dominion  for  his 
work's  sake. 

Curry,  Matthew  Allison,  M.D,,  of 
Halifax,  N.S.,  is  a  native  of  Windsor,  Hants 
Co.,  N.S.,  where  he  was  born  about  thirty 
years  ago.  The  Curry  family  are  of  Irish 
extraction,  but  have  been  long  settled  in 
this  province,  where  they  are  principally 
engaged  in  farming  and  manufacturing.  It 
is  now  nearly  forty  years  since  five  brothers, 
William,  Mark,  Levi,  Elisha  and  Edward 
started  what  is  known  as  Curry's  Factory 
at  Curry's  Corner,  a  point  on  the  junction 
of  the  Halifax  and  Chester  roads  about  a 
mile  from  Water  street,  Windsor.  They 
were  all  young  men  and  first-rate  me- 
chanics. They  manufactured  sashes,  doors 
and  all  kinds  of  work  in  connection  with 
house-building,  carriages,  railway  cars,  and 
had  a  machine  and  carriage  shop.  William 
the  oldest  brother,  was  at  the  head  of  the 
concern.  Mark  was  a  house  joiner,  Levi 
managed  the  blacksmith  shop,  Elisha  was  a 
painter,  and  Edward  looked  after  the  car- 
riage factory.  They  employed  nearly  thirty 
hands,  had  plenty  of  work,  but  were  relent- 
lessly pursueu  by  fire.  About  the  year 
1855  their  works  were  completely  destroyed 
by  a  fire  which  broke  out  in  the  night. 
Again  in  1866  fire  consumed  all  their  pro- 
perty, among  other  valuable  goods,  being  a 
number  of  railway  cars  which  Edward  had 
contracted  to  build  for  the  Nova  Scotia 
Railway,  About  the  year  1870  Mark  and 
Elisha  started  the  furniture  factory  in 
Windsor,  which  has  always  done  a  very  large 
business,  its  goods  being  sold  all  over  the 
Maritime  provinces.  It  is  now  managed  by 
A.  P.  Shand.  Previous  to  this  time,  how- 
ever, Mark  Curry  had,  in  conjunction  with 
A.  P.  Shand,  carried  on  an  extensive 
grocery,  lumber  and  flour  business  in  Wind- 
sor, under  the  firm  of  Curry  and  Shand. 
Elisha  and  Levi  Curry  died  a  few  years  ago. 
Mark  Curry  has  charge  of  the  government 
savings  bank  in  Windsor,  and  Edward  Cur*y 
is  sheriff  of  Hants  county.  William  Curry, 
the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  has 
stuck  to  the  original  business  at  the  corner, 
which  still  retains  nearly  its  former  dimen- 
sions. The  last  fire  occurred  about  five 
years  ago,  when  the  premises  were  again  to- 
tally consumed.  William  Curry,  being  a 
man  of  iron  will  and  unbroken  courage  and 
perseverance,  went  at  once  to  work  and  re- 
built his  factory,  which,  in  conjunction  with 


his  second  son  James,  he  continues  to  con- 
duct. Dr.  Curry  is  the  eldest  son  of  the  above 
William  Curry,  his  mother  being  Martha, 
daughter  of  the  late  Matthew  Allison,  of 
Windsor,  in  his  lifetime  a  farmer  and  ship- 
owner. He  received  his  classical  education 
at  the  Grammar  School  at  Curry's  Corner, 
afterwards  at  the  school  conducted  by  the 
late  Thomas  Curren,  and  at  the  Collegiate 
School  at  Windsor,  where  he  carried  off  the 
first  prize.  He  entered  King's  College, 
Windsor,  in  October,  1877,  and  graduated 
in  June,  1881.  During  his  course  he  won 
one  of  the  General  Williams  prizes  and 
also  one  of  the  Stevenson  scholarships. 
After  leaving  college  he  studied  two  years 
at  the  Medical  College,  in  Halifax,  N.S., 
subsequently  spent  a  session  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  New  York,  and  graduated  from  the 
medical  department  of  that  institution  in 
1883.  Not  content  with  such  experience  in 
his  profession  as  he  had  already  obtained, 
he  decided  to  cross  the  Atlantic,  and  ac- 
cordingly, spent  the  year  1884  principally 
in  attending  the  medical  course  in  Trinity 
College,  Dublin.  He  made  a  specialty  of 
midwifery  arid  the  study  of  the  treatment 
of  the  diseases  peculiar  to  women.  After 
completing  his  post-graduate  studies,-  he 
availed  himself  of  the  opportunity  to  make 
a  trip  through  Scotland  and  England,  pre- 
vious to  returning  home.  He  visited  Edin- 
burgh, Liverpool  and  London,  and  took  note 
of  the  famous  educational  endowments  and 
the  professional  resorts  of  those  cities.  After 
returning  to  this  province  he  was  in  some 
doubt  as  to  whether  to  begin  practice  in  one 
of  the  country  shire  towns  such  as  Yarmouth, 
or  to  commence  in  Halifax.  He  finally  de- 
cided that,  upon  the  whole,  the  chances 
of  advancement  in  the  metropolis  were  the 
best.  The  expenses  of  a  beginner  in  one  of 
the  learned  professions  in  a  city  are  greater 
at  first  than  those  of  a  country  practitioner, 
but  in  the  long  run  a  man  of  brains  and 
tact  will  not  regret  the  incidental  outlay,  in 
consideration  of  the  many  advantages  of 
counsel  with  brother- workers,  and  the  other 
opportunities  open  to  competition  in  the 
city.  Dr.  Curry  opened  an  office  in  Hollis 
street,  Halifax,  in  the  spring  of  1885,  and 
has  since  worked  up  a  very  prosperous 
practice  in  the  south  end  of  the  city.  Many 
young  men  begin  among  the  poorer  classes 
and  gradually  work  into  a  wealthier  clientele 
but  Dr.  Curry  was  fortunate  enough  to 
secure  rich  patrons  at  the  start.  When  the 
Medical  School  was  established  on  a  new 
basis  two  years  ago,  Dr.  Curry  was  offered  a 
position  as  lecturer,  which  offer,  however, 


628 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


he  declined,  having  some  scruples  about  ac- 
cepting  an    office    which    might    seem   to 
place  him  in  opposition  to  some  of  the  older 
members  of  the  profession.     In  religion  he 
is  a  Presbyterian,  and  is  connected  with  St. 
Andrew's  Church  in  John  street.     He  is  un- 
married.    Being  a  man  of  great  sociability 
and  geniality  of  manners  he  is  a  great  favor- 
ite in  any   society  in     which  he  happens  to 
find  himself.     These  traits  are  very  helpful 
to  a  physician  whose  practice  lies  among  all 
classes  of  the   community,  and  who  must 
freely  give  and  take  in  the  rough  and  tumble 
of  professional  work  and  class  competition. 
Price,   Evan  John,    Quebec,  is   the 
present  head  of  the  great  lumber  manufac- 
turing and  exporting  house  of  Price  Bros. 
•&  Co.,  of  that  city,  and  of  the  Saguenay, 
the  oldest  and  probably  the  best  known  to 
the  trade,  not  only  throughout  the  Domin- 
ion, but  all  over  the  continent  of   America 
and   in  Europe.      It   was  founded  nearly 
three  quarters  of  a  century  ago,  by  our  sub- 
ject's  father,    the   late   William   Price,    of 
Wolfesfield,  Quebec,  who  died  in  1867,  and 
who  was  frequently  styled  in  his   day   the 
"  King  of  the  Saguenay,"  from  the  control- 
ling interest  he  exercised  over  that  section  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  through  the  employ- 
ment afforded  by  his  extensive  lumber  limits 
and  numerous   saw  mills  to  its  local  popu- 
lation.    Indeed,  the  Saguenay  country,  and 
it  may  be  added,  much  of  the  region  on  both 
shores  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  below  Quebec, 
owe  their  development  in  a  large   measure, 
if  not  wholly,  to  the  enterprise  of  the   Price 
family.     Their   agents  explored  the   whole 
country,  and  upon  every  stream,  where  pros- 
pects warranted  it,  a   saw  mill  was  erected 
with  the  usual  result.    Hundreds  flocked  to 
the  place,  and  soon  made  comfortable  homes 
for  themselves.     Villages  sprang  up,  mills 
were  erected,  churches  built,  and  localities 
which  but  a  few  years  before,  were  a  barren 
waste,  rapidly  blossomed  into  thriving  com- 
munities.    The  present  prosperous  town  of 
Chicoutimi    and   the   outlying  settlements 
around  Lake  St.  John    had  their  origin  in 
this  way,  and  it  is  not  surprising  that  the 
name  of  Price  should  be  venerated  by  their 
populations  as  few  other  old  country  names 
have  been  venerated   by  the  French   Can- 
adian element  of  Lower  Canada.     In   fact, 
it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that   the  Price 
family  have  made  the  Saguenay  region  what 
it  is  to-day   in  point  of  material   progress 
To    their    enterprise,    their  fostering  care 
and  their  unstinted  generosity,  the  habitants 
of  that  region  are  indebted  for  the  assistance 
which  enabled  them  to  tide  over  the   hard- 


ships and  difficulties   always   incidental   to 
the  early  life  of  the  pioneers  of  settlements 
at  points  remote  from  the  centre  of  civilized 
life.     Mr.  Price  was  born  some  forty  years 
ago,  at  his  late   father's  beautiful  country 
residence  of  Wolfesfield,  on  the  outskirts  of 
Quebec,    and    in    the  immediate    vicinity 
opposite   the  spot  where  Wolfe   died   vic- 
torious, at  the  battle  of  the  Plains  of  Abra- 
tiam.     He  was  educated  at  a  private  school 
in-  England,  and  entered  his  fathers  office, 
while  still  young,  to  learn  the  business  to  a 
share  of  which  he  was  in  due  course  admit- 
ted, his  elder  brothers,  Hon.  David  E.  Price, 
afterwards  a  senator  of  the  Dominion,    and 
William   E.    Price,    afterwards   M.P.    and 
M.P.  P.,  for  the  united  counties  of  Chicoutimi 
and  Saguenay,  both  now  deceased,  being  al- 
ready members  of  the  firm.  On  the  death  of 
the  venerable  founder  of  the  house  in  1867, 
its  extensive  business  was  continued  by  the 
brothers,  under  the  old  name,  which  is  still 
retained,  notwithstanding  the  deaths  of  the 
elder   brothers.       The     surviving    partner, 
Evan  John   Price,  is   now  the  head  of  the 
house,  which  still  holds  its  prominence  in 
the  trade,  shipping  annually  a  large  amount 
of   lumber  of   its   own   manufacture,   both 
from   Quebec  and     the   Saguenay    to   the 
European  market.      The  Price  family  is  of 
Welsh  descent,  and  their  home,  "  Scipwick," 
was  at  Elstree,  in  Hertfordshire,  up  to  the 
time  of  his  father's  death,  Mr.  Price's  father 
was  born  at  Hornsey,  near  London,  England, 
but  his  grand  parents  were  both  natives  of 
South  Wales,  the  one   of  Glamorganshire, 
and   the  other   of  Cardiganshire.     On   the 
maternal  side,  Mr.  Price  has  good  old  Scot- 
tish blood  in  his  veins.     His   mother  was  a 
Stewart,       his     father      having      married 
Jane,  third  daughter  of  the  late  Charles  G. 
Stewart,  in  his  lifetime  comptroller  of  the 
imperial  customs   at  Quebec.     In   religion 
Mr.  Price  is   a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England,  and   in   politics,  a  Conservative, 
like  all  his  family  before   him.     He  is  un- 
married. 

Lame,  Jules  Ernest,  Q.C.,  Quebec, 
Puisne  Judge  for  the  province  of  Quebec. — 
Jules  Ernest  Larue  was  born  at  Quebec  on 
the  7th  July,  1844.  He  is  the  son  of  the 
late  W.  Larue,  N.P.,  and  Louise  B.  Panet, 
daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  Louis  Panet,  sen- 
ator and  M.L.C.  Mr.  Larue  followed  a 
classical  course  of  studies  at  the  Seminary  of 
Quebec,  and  having  taken  his  degrees  at 
Laval  University,  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Quebec  on  the  6th  February,  1866.  He 
then  became  a  member  of  the  important 
firm  of  Larue,  Angers  and  Casgrain,  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


629 


Quebec.  He  was  for  ten  years  editor  of  the 
Quebec  "Law  Reports."  In  recognition  of 
his  legal  attainments  he  was  made  a  Q.C. 
in  1882,  and  was  appointed  a  puisne*  judge 
of  the  Superior  Court  for  the  province  of 
Quebec  on  the  10th  of  April,  1886.  He  mar- 
ried on  the  22nd  September,  1880,  Marie 
Louise,  whcse  parents  were  the  late  Fran- 
cois Angers,  Q.C.,  and  Marie  Louise  Panet, 
a  daughter  of  the  late  Charles  Panet,  Q.C. 

Elliott,    George,    Guelph,    Ontario, 
formerly  one   of  the    leading  merchants  of 
that  city,   and  largely  identified   with   its 
municipal  history,  is  a  native  of  Rochester, 
county  of  Kent,  England,  having  been  born 
there  on  the  27th  May,  1819.     His  father, 
George  Elliott,    a  country  gentleman,  was 
descendant  from  an  ancient  Scottish  family, 
and  his  mother,  Elizabeth  Moulden,  from  an 
old  Kentish  family.  Mr.  Elliott,  the  subject 
of  our  sketch,  who  received  a  good  education, 
including  mathematics  and  classics,  came  to 
Canada  with  the  family  in    the   autumn   of 
1832.     He  was  in  business  in  Toronto  and 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  for  several  years,  and  com- 
ing to  Guelph  in  1850,  carried  on  business  as 
a  general  merchant  until  1865,  when  he  re- 
tired,   having  been  very  successful   in    his 
business   operations.     His    father   died   in 
Guelph  a  few  years  ago,  in  his  ninety- fifth 
year,    much    lamented    by    many    friends. 
Mr.    Elliott  served  in  the   town,  city  and 
county  councils   at  various'  times,  for  over 
twenty   years,    and   held   the    positions   of 
town    councilman,     deputy    reeve,    reeve, 
warden  and  mayor.     He   has  performed  a 
great  deal  of  valuable  work  in  the  interests 
of  Guelph   and   the   county  of  Wellington, 
and  was  chairman   of  the  building  commit- 
tee   when  the  town   hall    and  other  public 
buildings  were   erected.     He  was  chairman 
of  the   old   Board  of    Public    Instruction, 
and    for    six  years  was    a    member  of  the 
High  School   Board  of  Trustees.     He  took 
great  pleasure  in  aiding  in  the  elevation  of 
the    standard    of  public    instruction,    and 
found  many  earnest  and  efficient  co-opera- 
tors in  this  noble  work  in  the  town.     When 
in   the   council    he    was  almost  constantly 
chairman  of  the  finance  committee,  having 
fine  business  talents,  and  thoroughly  trust- 
worthy.    He  was  arbitrator  on  behalf  of  the 
town,  upon  the  adjustment  of  the  indebt- 
edness   between  it   and   the  county,    when 
Guelph  was  raised  to  the  dignity  of  a  city. 
Is  a  justice  of  the  peace.    When  the  Guelph 
General  Hospital  was  organized  and  openec 
in  1875,  he  was  made  chairman  of  the  boarc 
of   directors,    which  position  he  still  holds 
Mr.  Elliott  is  a  Reformer,  and  quite  an  in 


luential  member  of  that  party,  having  been 
or  some  time,  president  of  the  Reform  Asso- 
iation  for  the  South  Riding  of  Wellington. 
le  is  also  president  of  the  St.  George's 
Society,  Guelph.  In  religion,  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Church  of  England,  was  warden 
»f  St.  George's  Church,  Guelph,  for  several 
'ears,  and  is  a  continuous  lay  delegate  to 
he  Diocese  of  Niagara,  and  also  to  the 
Provincial  Synod  which  meets  at  Montreal. 
3e  is  a  prominent  member  of  these  bodies, 
and  takes  a  very  active  part  in  the  proceed- 
ngs  and  discussions.  Mr.  Elliott  is  an  ef- 
ficient and  able  speaker  on  public  matters, 
and  a  clear  writer  on  questions  of  a  financial 
and  public  interest.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  building  committee,  and  treasurer, 
when  the  St.  George's  magnificent  house  of 
worship  was  erected,  and  continues  to  be 
indefatigable  in  church  and  other  work. 
The  poor  find  a  warm  friend  in  Mr.  Elliott, 
and  his  equally  benevolent  wife,  and  his 
sister,  who  resides  with  him.  His  resi- 
dence, "Vinehurst,"  on  the  Paisley  street 
hill,  is  one  of  the  most  sightly  and  pleasant 
homes  in  the  young  and  beautiful  city  of 
Guelph. 

lve§,  Hubert  Root,  Montreal,  was 
born  in  the  town  of  Farmington,  Hartford 
county,  state  of  Connecticut,  United  States, 
on  the  15th  September,  1833.  His  father 
was  at  one  time  a  prominent  farmer  and 
breeder  of  full-blooded  stock.  In  the  same 
county  also  for  a  number  of  years  he  held 
the  responsible  position  of  judge  of  pro- 
bate in  the  town  of  Farmington,  and  on 
resigning  the  office  he  removed  to  New 
Haven ,  Connecticut,  when  he  entered  into 
the  manufacture  of  hardware,  and  became 
after  a  short  time  one  of  the  most  successful 
manufacturers  of  that  busy  city.  Mr.  Ives 
received  his  early  education  at  the  Hopkins 
Grammer  School,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  where 
he  received  a  full  classical  course,  after  which, 
unlike  most  young  men,  he  took  a  full  and 
complete  commercial  training,  which  fitted 
him  in  after  life  for  the  large  and  various 
experiences  that  he  passed  through  as  a 
manufacturer.  After  leaving  school  young 
Ives  was  sent  on  a  lengthy  tour  through  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  with  the  object 
of  selecting  a  suitable  place  wherein  he 
could  build  up  for  himself  a  name  worthy  to 
be  looked  upon  with  respect  and  admiration 
by  those  who  were  to  follow  after  him.  In 
1856  Mr.  Ives  also  travelled  extensively  over 
the  continent  of  Europe,  visiting  all  the  cap- 
ital cities  of  renown.  In  1859  he  settled  in 
Montreal,  and  became  the  founder  of  the 
large  business  now  carried  on  by  the  firm  of 


630 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


H.  JR.  Ives  &  Co.,  one  of  the  largest  in  Can- 
ada. The  firm,  then  known  as  Ives  & 
Allen,  was  the  first  to  establish  a  foundry 
and  hardware  manufactory  in  Canada,  in 
which  was  manufactured  small  hardware, 
and  the  obstacles  to  be  overcome,  in  order 
to  find  a  market  in  a  young  country  for  their 
productions  were  very  great,  but  eventually 
the  perseverance  which  has  ever  character- 
ized Mr.  Ives,  soon  prevailed,  and  the  new 
venture  proved  a  great  success.  In  the  year 
1868  he  still  further  enlarged  the  firm's 
operations  by  the  manufacture  of  stoves, 
and  this  branch  is  now  a  leading  feature 
of  their  business.  The  quality  of  the  work 
turned  out  by  the  firm  speaks  as  a  sample 
of  the  firm's  work.  We  need  only  point  to 
the  fine  wrought  iron  gates  and  railings 
which  surround  the  parliament  buildings  at 
Ottawa,  which  for  graceful  form  and  beauty 
of  design  are  not  surpassed  on  this  continent. 
When  the  firm  received  the  contract  from 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  for  making  the 
locomotive  and  car  castings,  and  which 
necessitated  the  enlargement  of  their  already 
extensive  works,  the  municipality  of 
Longueuil  immediately  offered  them  a  bonus 
of  $10,000  and  exemption  from  taxes  for  ten 
years,  if  they  would  establish  a  branch  of 
their  foundry  in  the  village  of  Longueuil. 
They  at  once  availed  themselves  of  this 
offer,  and  buildings  being  promptly  erected, 
the  new  establishment  was  soon  ready  for 
business.  The  new  foundry  is  well  worthy 
of  a  visit.  Its  capacity  is  such  that  $200,000 
worth  of  castings  can  be  made  in  a  year,  and 
a  great  number  of  hands  are  constantly  em- 
ployed in  the  works.  Mr.  Ives  has  been  for 
a  long  time  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade 
of  Montreal  ;  and  for  many  years  sat  in  its 
council.  Mr.  Ives  holds  the  position  of 
honorary  secretary  to  the  Egypt  Explora- 
tion Fund  for  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 
This  society  conducts  systematic  and  scien- 
tific explorations  and  excavations  in  Egypt, 
on  sites  of  Biblical  and  classical  interest, 
under  special  powers  delegated  by  the  Egyp- 
tian government.  The  officers  of  this  so- 
ciety are  persons  of  the  highest  scientific 
and  social  standing  in  Britain,  and  most 
important  discoveries  have  already  been 
made.  In  early  youth  he  was  an  adherent 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  but  is  now  a 
member  of  the  Church  of  England.  He  was 
first  married  in  1858,  to  a  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Chester,  of  Buffalo.  This  lady 
died  in  1884.  In  June,  1887,  he  was  again 
united  in  marriage  to  a  daughter  of  the  late 
Judge  Daniell,  judge  of  the  united  counties 
of  Prescott  and  Russel. 


Macdonald,  Duncan,  St.  John's, 
province  of  Quebec,  was  born  in  Kingston, 
Ont.,  on  the  24th  June,  1815.  His  father, 
Major  William  Macdonald,  was  a  native  of 
Inverness, -Scotland,  a  captain  in  the  cele- 
brated "  Black  Watch,"  or  42nd  Highland- 
ers, and  came  to  Canada  at  the  critical 
period  in  the  history  of  our  country  when 
the  war  of  1812  was  just  beginning.  He  was 
attached  to  the  104th  regiment,  commanded 
by  Colonel  Drummond,  and  took  a  most 
active  part  in  the  campaign  which  followed. 
On  his  arrival  at  Halifax,  he  was  ordered  at 
once  to  the  front,  and  with  his  regiment 
marched  from  Halifax  to  Quebec.  This  was 
in  the  depth  of  winter,  and  during  the  thirty- 
one  days  of  the  march  he  did  not  enter,  a 
house  but  slept  in  snow  banks  or  such  shel- 
tered spots  as  could  be  found.  His  first  bat- 
tle in  this  country  was  at  the  Windmill 
Point,  Prescott,  and  he  afterwards  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Lundy's  Lane  and 
Sackett's  Harbor.  The  Macdonalds  came  of 
an  old  military  family,  the  captain's  father 
having  been  killed  at  the  battle  of  Bunker's 
Hill,  Boston,  while  fighting  with  his  regi- 
ment, which  like  his  son's,  was  the  "  Black 
Watch."  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
educated  at  Montreal  and  Laprairie,  taking 
a  commercial  course.  He  then  engaged  in 
the  drug  business  in  Montreal  for  seven 
years,  and  afterwards  removed  to  St.  John's, 
Que.,  where,  in  con j  unction  with  his  brother 
Edward,  in  1837,  he  started  a  general  store. 
They  dealt  largely  in  grain,  and  were  soon 
known  as  the  most  extensive  shippers  of 
grain  in  the  province.  As  the  years  went  on 
they  saw  the  lack  of  banking  facilities  in 
the  neighborhood,  and  in  1858,  decided  to 
supply  this  want  and  started  as  private 
bankers.  In  1873,  the  partnership  was  dis- 
solved, Edward  retiring  therefrom;  and  then 
Duncan  entered  into  the  manufacture  of 
stone  chinaware,  and  the  business  has  stead- 
ily increased  until  it  has  developed  into  the 
now  well-known  St.  John's  Chinaware  Fac- 
tory, which  is  to-day  the  largest  of  the  kind 
in  the  Dominion.  Under  the  able  manage- 
agement  of  Alexander,  the  son  of  Duncan 
Macdonald,  the  products  of  the  factory 
have  been  brought  to  great  perfection,  and 
have  been  placed  on  exhibition  and  taken 
gold  medals  at  Philadelphia,  Toronto,  Ant- 
werp, Belgium,  and  London,  England.  A 
recent  large  addition  to  the  already  exten- 
sive works,  now  enables  the  firm  to  give 
employment  to  about  four  hundred  people. 
Mr.  Macdonald  has  visited  Europe  twice, 
and  has  travelled  extensively  in  Canada  and 
the  United  States.  He  is  a  justice  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


631 


peace,  and  mayor  of  St.  John's,  Que.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Conservative,  and  in  religion 
a  Roman  Catholic.  He  was  married  in  1845, 
to  Miss  De  Lisle,  daughter  of  Benjamin  De 
Lisle,  Montreal,  and  has  had  issue  three  chil- 
dren, only  one  of  whom  is  now  living. 

Beaubien,  Hon.  Louis  Montreal, 
born  in  the  city  of  Montreal,  on  27th  July, 
1837,  is  son  of  Dr.  Pierre  Beaubien,  of  the 
University  of  Paris.  He  is  descended  from 
Trottier  de  Beaubien,  who  came  from  St. 
Martin  d'Ige,  in  the  province  of  Perche,  in 
France,  and  settled  in  Canada  near  Three 
Rivers,  in  1650.  His  father  was  a  professor  in 
the  Victoria  Medical  School,  Montreal, 
and  its  president  for  many  years,  attend- 
ing surgeon  to  the  Montreal  gaol  and  re- 
formatories ;  and  had  been  elected  to  par- 
liament twice,  for  Montreal  in  1841,  and 
for  Chambly  in  1848.  His  mother,  Dame 
Justine  Casgrain,  was  a  daughter  of  Pierre 
Casgrain,  seigneur  of  Riviere  Ouelle.  She 
had  been  married  first  to  Dr.  A.  Maguire,  a 
surgeon  in  the  British  navy.  Hon.  Louis 
Beaubien  was  educated  at  the  St.  Sulpice 
College,  Montreal,  and  after  a  successful 
course  of  studies,  devoted  himself  to  agri- 
culture and  stock-breeding.  He  entered 
political  life  in  1867,  when  lie  was  elected  for 
Hochelaga  to  the  Quebec  legislature.  He 
succeeded  in  defeating  successively  such  op- 
ponents as  Mr.  Dorion  (now  Sir  A.  A. 
Dorion,  chief  justice,  Queen's  Bench),Victor 
Hudon,  and  others.  Mr.  Beaubien  was 
elected  to  the  Dominion  parliament  in  1 872, 
and  held  both  seats  until  the  year  1874, 
when  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  House 
of  Commons  on  account  of  the  dual  repre- 
sentation being  abolished,  but  retained  his 
seat  in  the  local  house.  He  was  elected 
speaker  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Que- 
bec, llth  November,  1876,  which  position 
he  held  until  April,  1878.  He  was  re-elect- 
ed for  the  same  county  in  1878  and  again  in 
1882.  But  at  the  last  general  election  in 
1886  he  declined  re-election  on  account  of 
ill  health.  Besides  his  agricultural  pursuits, 
the  Hon.  Mr.  Beaubien  was  an  active  pro- 
moter of  the  Northern  Colonization  Railway, 
which  developed  into  the  Quebec,  Mont- 
real, Ottawa  and  Occidental  Railway, -now 
the  eastern  division  of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway.  He  was  opposed  to  the  sale  of  the 
eastern  branch  of  the  Quebec,  Montreal, 
Ottawa  and  Occidental  Railway,  and  on 
that  account,  along  with  the  Hon.  Dr.  Ross, 
Hon.  Mr.  de  Boucherville,  and  other  well- 
known  Conservatives,  withdrew  his  confi- 
dence from  the  Chapleau  government.  He 
has  taken  a  great  interest  in  the  improve- 


ment of  Canadian  agriculture.  After  retir- 
ing from  politics,  he  went  to  France  for  his 
health,  and  to'get  an  operation  performed  on 
the  eye  of  his  eldest  son.  Being  successful 
in  this  he  came  back  to  Canada,  but  was 
taken  again  with  his  former  disease  which 
for  a  time  laid  him  very  low.  He  has,  we 
are  glad  to  say,  now  recovered  completely, 
and  is  as  active  as  ever  working  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  an  elevated  railway  in  Mon- 
treal. Hon.  Mr.  Beaubien  is  a  member  of 
the  Provincial  Council  of  Agriculture  of  the 
Ayrshire  Breeders'  Association,  of  the  Mon- 
treal Horticultural  Society,  etc.  He  mar- 
ried in  1864,  Susanna  Lauretta,  daughter  of 
Sir  Andrew  Stuart,  chief  justice  of  the  Su- 
perior Court,  Quebec,  and  for  some  time 
administrator  of  the  province. 

Wright,  Philemon.— The  late  Mr. 
Philemon  Wright  was  appropriately  called 
the  "Father  of  the  Ottawa."  He  was  a 
native  of  Woburn,  State  of  Massachusetts, 
United  States,  where  he  was  born  in  1760. 
Mr.  Wright  emigrated  to  this  country  in 
the  year  1800,  and  with  a  steady  persever- 
ance, he  determined  on  ascend  ing  the  river 
Ottawa  in  quest  of  a  tract  of  land  suitable 
for  an  agriculturist.  With  this  object  in 
view,  he  steadily  penetrated  into  the  coun- 
try, at  a  great  expense  of  mental  and 
bodily  exertion,  for  sixty  miles  beyond  any 
previous  settler,  where,  finding  a  spot  adapt- 
ed for  his  purpose,  he  obtained,  after  many 
efforts,  and  irritating  delays,  from  govern- 
ment, permission  to  settle  upon  and  survey 
the  township  of  Hull,  in  the  county  of  Ot- 
tawa, Lower  Canada.  This  being  accom- 
plished, he  went  to  work  with  a  will  char- 
acteristic of  the  early  New  England  pion- 
eers, and  was  in  a  few  years  rewarded  for 
his  toil  and  hardships  by  witnessing  a  thriv- 
ing settlement  growing  up  around  him. 
In  furtherance  of  his  agricultural  pursuits, 
he,  at  a  very  heavy  cost,  imported  from 
Great  Britain  some  of  the  most  approved 
breeds  of  cattle,  and  thereby  contributed  in 
the  most  efficient  manner  to  promote  the 
interests  of  the  settlers  in  that  section  of  the 
country.  He  was  also  the  projector  of  some 
of  the  greatest  improvements  on  the  Ottawa. 
He  died  at  Hull,  C.E.,  on  2nd  June,  1839. 
He  left  a  numerous  offspring,  to  all  of  whom 
he  was  endeared  by  the  tenderest  ties  of 
affection  and  esteem.  His  epitaph  will  be 
recorded,  in  the  beautiful  and  prosperous  set- 
tlement of  Hull,  or,  as  it  was  sometimes  call- 
ed, Wrightstown,  which  he  commenced  and 
lived  to  see  attain  a  degree  of  magnitude, 
where  his  name  will  be  long  remembered 
with  the  highest  respect. 


632 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Quinton,  William  A.,  Fairville,N.B., 
Farmer  and  Lumber  Dealer,  M.P.P.  for  the 
county  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  was 
born  on  the  4th  April,  1847,  in  the  parish 
of  Lancaster,  county  of  St.  John,  N.B.,  and 
is  descended  from  a  family  who  has  made 
its  mark  in  the  world.  In  looking  over  the 
history  of  the  early  settlers  in  New  Bruns- 
wick, we  find  that  among  the  party  who 
arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  John  river, 
August  28th,  1762,  was  Hugh  Quinton  and 
wife,  and  that  their  son  James  was  noted  as 
being  the  first  child  of  the  new  settlers  born 
here,  having  first  seen  the  light  in  Fort 
Frederick  the  evening  of  their  arrival. 
Hugh  Quinton  was  born  in  New  Hampshire 
and  had  been  a  soldier  in  the  old  French 
war.  He  enlisted  when  quite  a  youth,  as 
did  many  others,  but  at  that  time  recruits 
for  military  service  were  enlisted  at  an  early 
age.  In  the  Revolutionary  war,  in  some, 
if  not  all,  of  the  colonies,  all  who  were  six- 
teen years  old  were  compelled  to  do  mili- 
tary duty.  Hugh  Quinton  first  enlisted 
from  Windham,  formerly  part  of  the  town 
of  Londonderry,  New  Hampshire,  March 
5th,  1757,  in  a  company  in  which  Hercules 
Mooney  was  captain  and  Alexander  Todd 
lieutenant,  and  was  discharged  March  5th 
of  the  same  year.  The  following  spring  he 
again  enlisted,  April  12th,  in  a  company  in 
which  Alexander  Todd  was  captain,  and  he 
was  discharged  October  30th.  He  again 
enlisted,  the  following  year,  for  the  third 
time,  on  the  llth  of  March,  1760,  and  on 
the  24th  of  October  was  discharged  sick, 
and  it  is  said  he  went  to  Albany,  N. Y.  The 
expeditions  in  which  he  was  engaged  were 
four  operations  at  Crown  Point  and  Fort 
William  Henry,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake 
George.  Fort  William  Henry  was  captured 
by  the  French  and  Indians  in  August,  1757, 
and  out  of  two  hundred  New  Hampshire 
soldiers,  eighty  were  mercilessly  slaughter- 
ed by  the  Indians  after  they  had  surrender- 
ed. Some  of  Hugh  Quiitton's  relatives 
early  settled  not  far  from  Albany,  in  that 
part  of  old  Whitehall  township  known  as 
Hampton.  Among  them  were  Josiah  and 
John  Quinton  and  their  sister  Ann,  who 
married  a  McFarland.  In  1806  Josiah  re- 
moved across  the  State  line  to  Fairhaven, 
in  Vermont,  a  short  distance  from  Hampton. 
Fairbank's  History  of  Fairhaven  names  a 
number  of  descendants.  In  an  old  family 
bible  of  the  Quinton  family  it  is  stated  that 
Hugh  Quinton  was  born  at  Cheshire,  New 


Hampshire,  in  1741;  that  Elizabeth  Cristy 
was  born  at  Londonderry,  N.H.,  1741,  and 
that  they  were  married  in  1761.  In  the 
lower  tier  of  counties  of  New  Hampshire,  is 
one  called  Cheshire,  but  the  writer  has 
found  no  mention  of  the  name  of  Quinton 
among  early  settlers,  but  in  the  town  now 
called  Chester,  which  was  originally  called 
Cheshire,  in  Rockingham  county,  was  a 
prominent  early  settler  named  James  Quen- 
ton.  The  first  settlers  of  Cheshire  or  Ches- 
ter, Londonderry,  Windham  and  vicinity 
were  mainly  Scotch  Presbyterians  from  the 
North  of  Ireland.  In  the  "New  Hamp- 
shire Provincial  Papers, "  volume  4,  is 
copied  a  petition  to  the  governor  from  sun- 
dry inhabitants  of  Chester,  in  1737,  which 
states  that  "the  present  inhabitants  of 
Chester,  aforesaid,  formerly  belonged  (most 
of  them)  to  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland  and 
Ireland,  where  they  were  educated  in  the 
principles  of  the  Kirk  of  Scotland,  for  which 
they  have  great  veneration,"  and  the  peti- 
tion proceeds  to  refer  to  some  differences 
about  calling  a  minister.  Among  the  sign- 
ers is  the  name  of  James  Quenton.  He  is 
named  again  in  a  list  of  tax-payers,  1741, 
and  again  in  the  minutes  of  the  Presbyte- 
rian church,  Sept.  14,  1753,  as  parish  clerk. 
As  he  is  the  only  Quenton  or  Quinton  named 
in  the  full  list  of  tax-payers  at  that  place,  it 
is  reasonable  to  presume  that  he  was  the 
father  of  Hugh  Quinton.  The  latter  had 
two  half-brothers  named  Jonathan  and 
Joshua.  In  1771,  a  John  Quinton  is  named 
at  Dorchester,  N.H.  In  the  revolution, 
David  Quentin  enlisted  Oct.  1,  1777,  at 
Windham,  and  he  is  again  named  in  New 
Hampshire  Provincial  Papers,  vol.  11,  in  an 
order  for  pay  of  a  soldier's  dues  in  1790. 
After  this,  the  writer  has  found  no  mention 
of  the  name  of  Quinton  in  copies  of  New 
Hampshire  records.  Hugh  Quinton  the 
St.  John  pioneer,  had  sons,  James,  John, 
David  and  Jesse.  In  the  early  days  of  the 
settlement  of  the  city,  when  fears  were  en- 
tertained of  Indians,  Hugh  Quinton,  it  is 
said,'  was  appointed  captain  of  a  militia 
company,  organized  for  defence  of  the  set- 
tlers. In  Hotten's  list  of  emigrants  it  is 
stated  that  a  Henry  Quinton,  aged  20,  left 
London,  Jan.  2,  1634,  for  Virginia,  and 
Roger  Quintin  left  London,  July  24,  1635, 
for  the  same  place.  This  was  about  a  cen- 
tury before  the  name  of  James  Quinton 
appears  in  New  Hampshire.  In  the  same 
work  is  named  Henry  Quintyne  of  Barba- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


633 


does  as  a  person  to  whom  were  consigned 
"  convicted  rebels"  from  Bristol,  England, 
in  1679  and  1685.  This  may  be  the  same 
"  Henry  Quinton  of  Barbadoes"  named  in  a 
will  of  Samuel  Spicer  of  Boston,  Dec.  24, 
1664,  who  speaks  of  him  as  "my  loving 
father-in-law,  Henry  Quinton."  This  will 
is  quoted  in  the  New  England  Historical 
and  Genealogical  Register,  volume  16,  page 
330.  In  the  New  Hampshire  records,  the 
name  of  this  family  is  given  by  town  and 
parish  clerks  as  Quinton,  Quenton,  Quanton 
and  Quentin.  The  latter  was  probably  the 
spelling  when  the  name  was  first  intro- 
duced into  England  as  a  surname,  and  it 
eventually  became  Anglicized  to  Quinton. 
It  appears  to  belong  to  that  class  of  sur- 
names brought  into  England  about  the  time 
of  William  I.,  derived  from  French  towns  or 
places.  The  town  of  St.  Quentin  in  Picardy 
was  so  called  in  honor  of  Quentin,  an  early 
Christian  martyr.  Sir  Walter  Scott  names 
the  leading  character  in  his  novel  of  Quen- 
tin Durward  for  this  saint.  The  first  or 
founder  of  the  Quentin  family  in  England 
was  Sir  Herbert  St.  Quentin,  a  companion 
in  arms  of  William  the  Conqueror,  who 
granted  him  the  manor  of  Skipsey  and  other 
lands  in  county  Notts.  Sir  Herbert  St. 
Quentin,  a  grandson,  was  summoned  to 
parliament  in  1294,  and  had  two  daughters; 
first  Elizabeth  and  second  Lora,  who  eventu- 
ally became  sole  heir  and  married  Robert  de 
Grey  of  Rothersfield.  The  barony  of  St. 
Quentin  passed  through  Grey,  Fitzhugh 
and  Parr  to  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  descend- 
ing from  William  St.  Quentin,  eldest  sur- 
viving son  of  Edward  II. ,  and  fourth  in 
descent  from  the  founder  of  the  county. 
The  last  baron  was  Sir  William  St.  Quen- 
tin, who  died  1795,  when  the  baronetcy 
became  extinct.  His  nephew,  Wm.  Thomas 
Darby,  of  Sunbury,  Middlesex,  was  his 
heir,  and  upon  succeeding  to  the  estates,  as- 
sumed the  surname  and  arms;  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  son,  Matthew  Chitty  Downes 
St.  Quentin.  There  appears  to  have  been 
several  branches  of  this  family  beside  the 
above  direct  line,  which  show  the  gradual 
changing  of  the  name  from  St.  Quentin  to 
Quentin  and  Quinton.  The  arms  and  crest 
of  the  different  branches  are  given  in  both 
Burke's  and  Fairbanks'  Armory  of  families 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  The  arms 
and  crest  of  the  first  of  the  family,  Sir  Her- 
bert, is  thus  given  ;  Arms :  Or,  three  chev- 
ronels,  gu.  a  chief  vair.  Crest:  Out  of  a 


ducal  coronet  gu.  A  pearise,  ppr,  on  the 
top  of  a  fluted  column  between  two  horns, 
or.  A  representation  of  the  crest  of  the 
"  Quintons  of  England"  is  given  in  Fair- 
bank's  Armory,  and  it  is  thus  described: 
"  An  arm,  in  armour,  couped,  embowered, 
in  hand,  a  sword,  ppr."  Mr.  Quinton,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  is  the  son  of  James 
Quinton,  who  was  a  farmer  and  the  leading 
contractor  and  builder  in  St.  John,  and 
served  two  terms  in  the  New  Brunswick 
legislature,  and  was  one  of  the  first  confede- 
rate members.  His  mother  was  named  Eli- 
zabeth Tilley.  Young  Quinton  received  his 
educational  training  in  the  city  of  St.  John ; 
and  when  only  twenty  years  of  age,  having 
begun  early  in  life  to  take  an  interest  in 
military  affairs,  enlisted  in  the  militia,  and 
has  since  kept  up  his  interest  in  militia 
life,  being  now  major  in  the  force.  For 
four  years  he  has  been  member  of  the  city 
council;  and  for  five  years  he  was  a  member 
of  the  municipal  council.  In  1882  he 
entered  political  life,  and  was  returned  as 
member  for  the  county  of  St.  John,  N.B., 
and  has  since  represented  that  county  in  the 
New  Brunswick  legislature.  Over  eighteen 
years  ago  he  joined  the  Masonic  order;  and 
is  also  connected  with  the  Orange  order. 
He  has  travelled  extensively  through  the 
United  States,  and  during  the  late  war  visit- 
ed the  Southern  States.  In  religion,  Mr. 
Quinton  is  an  adherent  of  the  Episcopal 
church;  and  in  politics,  a  Liberal.  He  was 
married  6th  December,  1877,  to  Kate,  daugh- 
ter of  R.  R.  Allan,  of  Carleton,  St.  John,  N.B. 
Mr.  Quinton  resides  on  the  old  family  home- 
stead, and  follows  the  business  of  farming 
and  dealing  in  lumber. 

Chagiion,  Hon.  Hubert  Wilfred, 
residing  in  the  town  of  St.  John's,  in  the 
district  of  Iberville,  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  now  re- 
tired, was  born  in  the  parish  of  Vercheres, 
district  of  Montreal,  on  the  22nd  of  March, 
1833,  from  the  marriage  of  Eloi  Chagnon, 
farmer,  of  said  parish,  with  Justine  Brous- 
seau.  He  followed  a  classical  course  of 
study  at  the  College  of  Montreal,  and  was 
articled  as  a  law  student  in  November, 
1852,  under  Ferreol  Pelletier,  then  a  prac- 
tising advocate  in  Montreal,  and  since  as- 
sistant judge  of  the  Superior  Court  in  Mon- 
treal. He  followed  the  course  of  the  law 
faculty,  under  the  professorship  of  Maxi- 
milien  Bibaud,  at  the  Jesuits'  College,  in 
Montreal,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 


634 


A.  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


November,  1855.  He  remained  in  the 
office  of  Mr.  Pelletier,  practising  with  him, 
up  to  July,  1856,  when  he  entered  into  part- 
nership with  A.  Papineau,  then  practising 
advocate  in  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  now  a  judge 
in  the  Superior  Court  in  Montreal  In  De- 
cember, 1857,  he  left  Mr.  Papineau,  and  took 
a  partnership  with  L.  V.  Sicotte,  then  prac- 
tising advocate  in  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  prac- 
tised with  him  up  to  1863,  when  Mr.  Sicotte 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  Superior  Court 
of  Quebec.  Since  then  he  went  into  part- 
nership with  Mr.  Sicotte' s  son,  and  during 
a  certain  time  with  Magloire  Lanctot,  since 
a  district  magistrate  for  the  district  of  St. 
Hyacinthe,  and  finally  he  was  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Quebec  pro- 
vince on  27th  September,  1873.  He  ad- 
ministered justice  in  the  district  of  Iberville 
from  27th  September,  1873,  to  November, 
1887,  when,  on  account  of  ill-health,  he  was 
obliged  to  retire,  with  the  ordinary  pension. 
He  is,  and  has  always  been,  an  adherent  of 
the  B-oman  Catholic  church.  He  was  mar- 
ried, in  January,  1858,  to  Marie  Elizabeth 
Varin,  daughter  of  Jean  Baptiste  Varin, 
registrar  of  the  county  of  Laprairie,  in  the 
district  of  Montreal. 

Chapleau,  Hon.  Jo§epli  Adolphc, 
Q.C.,  LL.D.,  M.P.  for  Terrebonne,  Secretary 
of  State  for  Canada,  was  born  at  Ste.  The- 
rese  de  Blainville,  in  the  county  of  Terre- 
bonne, province  of  Quebec,  on  the  9th  Nov- 
ember, 1840.  His  ancestors  emigrated  from 
France,  and  were  among  the  early  settlers, 
of  the  seigniory  of  Terrebonne  ;  but  the 
father  of  Mr.  Chapleau  was  an  humble,  hard- 
working mechanic,  of  whom  the  son  was  not 
ashamed,  and  who  instilled  into  the  latter 
principles  of  honor  and  devotion  to  duty. 
From  the  earliest  age  the  boy  displayed  a 
taste  for  learning,  and  his  mind  was  so 
active  that  means  were  found  to  put  him  to 
school,  where  he  grounded  himself  in  the 
elements  of  grammar.  Thence  he  was  sent 
to  the  neighbouring  village  of  Terrebonne, 
where  a  college  had  been  established  by 
Madame  Masson,  mother  of  the  ex-lieuten- 
ant-governor of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
and  where  he  pursued  his  studies  until 
transferred  to  St.  Hyacinthe,  •  and  put 
through  a  course  which  left  its  impression 
on  the  whole  of  his  subsequent  career.  On 
leaving  college  he  wended  his  way  to  Mon- 
treal, in  search  of  a  profession  suitable  to  a 
youth  of  his  tastes  and  aptitudes.  He  chose 
the  law,  and,  encouraged  by  his  success, 


devoted  himself  to  criminal  practice,  acquir- 
ing a  position  therein  which  set  him,  with- 
in a  short  time,  in  the  highest  rank  among 
his  youthful  associates.  But  this  was  not 
sufficient  for  his  buoyant  nature.  He 
launched  into  politics  at  the  age  of  nineteen, 
mounting  the  hustings  with  assurance,  and 
maintaining  himself  thereon  in  the  midst  of 
the  most  violent  campaigns.  He  went  fur- 
ther, and  took  up  the  pen  in  defence  of  his 
political  views  and  principles.  With  a  cou- 
ple of  congenial  spirits  he  founded  a  news- 
paper called  Le  Colonisateur,  and  for  three 
years  used  its  columns  in  an  attempt  to 
reach  those  readers  whom  his  voice  could 
not  attain.  From  these  very  beginnings 
Mr.  Chapleau  made  his  mark,  and  the  poli- 
tical leaders  soon  foretold  that  he  would 
lose  no  time  in  taking  high  rank.  His 
physical  appearance  was  in  his  favor.  Tall, 
well  built,  with  a  shapely  head,  wavy  black 
hair  thrown  back  over  his  neck  like  a  plume, 
a  musical,  flexible  voice,  an  abundance  of 
animal  energy,  a  fearless  spirit  that  shrunk 
from  no  difficulty,  he  readily  placed  himself 
at  the  head  of  his  companions,  with  their 
full  acquiescence,  and  as  if  by  natural  right. 
Another  advantage  which  the  future  states- 
man enjoyed  at  the  opening  of  his  career 
was  that  he  found  himself  the  representa- 
tive of  the  young  men  coming  after  the 
radicalism  of  1848,  when  the  French  revo- 
lution of  that  year  had  its  echo  on  this  side, 
and  the  cry  of  annexation  rang  through  the 
whole  of  Lower  Canada.  This  period  of 
acute  crisis  was  followed  by  a  long  term  of 
bewilderment  and  unrest,  called  the  decade 
of  transition,  when  party  lines  were  only 
faintly  drawn,  because  every  one  felt  that 
there  should  be  a  reunion  of  all  forces  in 
order  to  insure  the  future  of  the  common 
country.  From  1860  to  the  year  of  Con- 
federation the  young  men  kept  on  growing 
in  the  school  of  strife  and  trial,  but  none 
grew  more  perceptibly,  and  with  fuller  pro- 
mise of  future  strength,  than  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  His  opportunity  came  at  length, 
and  he  was  not  slow  to  seize  it.  In  1867 
the  British  North  America  Act  proclaimed 
to  the  world  a  new  nation,  and  the  province 
of  Quebec,  without  knowing  it,  and  almost 
in  spite  of  herself,  entered  into  full  posses- 
sion of  her  autonomy.  She  was  presented 
with  her  own  lieutenant-governor  ;  her  own 
legislature,  consisting  of  two  Chambers  and 
a  long  scroll  of  rights  and  privileges,  which 
practically  made  the  people  of  French  Can- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


635 


ada  their  own  masters.  The  general  elec- 
tion took  place,  and  Mr.  Chapleau,  going 
straight  into  his  native  county,  asked  to  be 
made  its  first  representative  in  the  Provin- 
cial parliament.  He  was  returned  by  ac- 
clamation, and  retained  the  seat  till  1882, 
through  the  ordeal  of  at  least  a  half- 
dozen  elections.  That  first  session  at  Que- 
bec was  a  memorable  one,  with  such  mem- 
bers as  Chauveau — a  man  of  high  temper 
and  noble  spirit — as  premier  ;  Joly,  the 
political  Bayard,  as  leader  of  the  opposi- 
tion; Cartier,  Langevin,  Irvine,  Chapais, 
Marchand,  and  others  of  hardly  less  note. 
In  such  a  presence  the  representative  of 
Terrebonne  took  his  place,  at  the  age  of  seven 
and  twenty.  Within  a  few  hours  he  arose, 
and  the  eyes  of  a  crowded  house  were  fast- 
ened upon  him,  as  he  proceeded  to  dis- 
charge the  honorable  function  of  moving  the 
Address  in  reply  to  the  Speech  from  the 
Throne.  His  first  effort  settled  his  position 
at  once,  both  as  an  orator  and  a  public  man, 
and  thenceforth  the  legislative  career  of 
Mr.  Chapleau  was  secure.  He  went  along 
quietly  for  several  years,  making  himself  ac- 
quainted with  the  new  order  of  things  un- 
der Confederation,  when  the  province  took 
an  upward  bound,  and  everything  revived 
— business,  agriculture,  literature,  and  the 
national  spirit — imbuing  himself  with  the 
principle  of  practical  politics,  whereby  the 
development  of  the  country's  material  re- 
sources should  be  fostered.  The  time  came 
soon  when  he  was  called  upon  to  apply 
these  schemes  in  a  higher  sphere,  and  ano- 
ther forward  step  was  taken.  Mr.  Chapleau 
was  sworn  in  of  the  Executive  Council,  and 
appointed  Solicitor-General  in  the  begin- 
ning of  1873,  with  the  sanction  of  his  whole 
party  and  the  approval  of  his  political  ad- 
versaries. And  away,  in  a  quiet  London 
street,  and  on  a  bed  of  sickness  from  which 
he  was  never  to  rise,  Sir  George  Cartier 
heard  of  the  promotion,  and  wrote  that  it 
was  no  more  than  the  reward  of  merit.  The 
great  man,  who  was  the  friend  of  young 
men,  and  who  took  pains  to  train  them  in 
public  life,  was  comforted  at  the  last  with 
the  thought  that  one  of  his  favorites  had 
.entered  on  the  paths  of  responsible  office. 
But  this  new  period,  from  1873  to  1879, 
was  a  stormy  one,  and  not  the  least  exciting 
incident  was  the  defence,  at  Winnipeg,  by 
Mr.  Chapleau,  of  Lepine  and  other  Half- 
breeds,  implicated  in  the  North- West  trou- 
bles of  that  period.  In  September,  1874, 


the  Ouimet  government  went  down  on  the 
outcry  about  the  Tanneries  Land  Swap, 
and  Mr.  Chapleau,  after  a  vigorous  defence 
of  his  conduct  in  a  public  speech,  withdrew 
into  private  life.  But  in  January,  1876,  he 
was  recalled  as  provincial  secretary,  and  re- 
mained in  office  till  the  disruption  of  the 
Boucherville  cabinet,  by  Governor  Letellier 
de  St.  Just,  in  1878.  Another  opportunity 
was  here  afforded,  of  which  he  took  prompt 
advantage.  In  a  mass  meeting,  held  in 
Montreal,  he  was  chosen  leader  of  the  Con- 
servative party  and  of  the  Opposition,  and 
at  once  set  to  work  to  prepare  the  way  for 
the  downfall  of  the  Joly  ministry.  This  he 
accomplished  within  a  little  beyond  the 
year.  In  October,  1879,  Mr.  Joly  resigned, 
and  his  opponent  was  summoned  to  form  a 
government,  which  he  at  once  did,  adding 
to  his  position  as  first  minister  the  depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  and  Public  Works. 
The  same  tact,  energy,  and  general  ability 
which  he  displayed  as  leader  of  the  Oppo- 
sition, where  the  best  qualities  of  a  public 
man  are  tested,  Mr.  Chapleau  manifested  as 
head  of  the  government,  and  lost  no  time  in 
turning  to  a  business  policy.  The  chief 
measure  of  his  administration  was  the  sale 
of  the  North  Shore  railway,  to  relieve  the 
exchequer  of  the  province.  The  subject 
gave  rise  to  violent  debates,  and  led  to  a 
division  in  the  Conservative  party  itself,  but 
subsequent  events  have  justified  it  in  a 
measure,  and  effectually  removed  the  dan- 
ger of  a  powerful  corporation  being  turned 
into  a  mere  party  machine,  with  nameless 
resources  of  corruption.  The  general  elec- 
tions came  on  in  1881,  and  Mr.  Chapleau 
swept  the  province,  carrying  fifty -three 
seats  out  of  sixty -five.  This  seemed  to 
crown  his  provincial  career,  and  the  project 
long  cherished  by  his  friends  of  his  promo- 
tion from  Quebec  to  Ottawa  was  urged  upon 
him  with  great  force.  Strong  objections 
were  adduced  on  the  other  hand,  however, 
and  Mr.  Chapleau  was  warned  against  tak- 
ing a  false  step  ;  but  there  is  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  the  state  of  his  health,  shattered 
by  the  wearing  and  worrying  labors  of  the 
previous  two  years,  turned  the  scales  at  the 
end.  In  the  summer  of  1882  Mr.  Chapleau 
resigned  his  position,  as  prime  minister, 
and  accepted  the  portfolio  of  State  in  the 
government  of  Sir  John  Macdonald.  It  is 
only  those  who  are  acquainted  with  the 
modes,  the  habits,  and  the  general  situation 
of  French  Canada  who  can  measure  the  dif- 


636 


A  CYCLPO^DIA  OF 


ference  existing  between  Quebec  and  Ot- 
tawa.    Many  of  Mr.  Chapleau' s  critics  fore- 
told that  he  would  be  out  of  place  in  his 
new  field  ;  that  the  showy  qualities  which 
had  won  him  so  much  distinction  and  power 
among  his  own  people  would  go  for  very 
little  with  the  cool,  practical  politicians  of 
the  Dominion  capital,  and  that  while  he  was 
supreme  in  the  provincial  arena,  he  would 
prove  only  third  or  fourth  rate  in  the  fed- 
eral competition.     Our  readers   can  judge 
for   themselves  how   far   these  predictions 
were  fulfilled.     Foes  will  agree  with  friends 
in   stating,    as    a    simple    matter   of    jus- 
tice, that   the  influence   of   Mr.    Chapleau 
has  not  waned  since  he  became  a  member 
of  the  Queen's  Privy  Council  for  Canada. 
On  the  contrary,  he  increased  his  strength 
before  the  whole  country  by  the  bold  and 
consistent  stand  which  he  took  in  the  Biel 
affair.     None   but    those    who    know    the 
French  Canadian  people,  how  they  are  at- 
tached to  their  race,  some  of  them  cherish- 
ing the  odd  feeling  that  they  are  not  treated 
with  becoming  justice  and  respect  by  the 
other  elements  of  the  population,  and  none 
but  those  who  dwelt  in  the  province  at  this 
time,  and  witnessed  the  morbid  excitement, 
the  hopes,  the  fears,  the  anxiety  which  pre- 
vailed throughout  the  whole  crisis,  can  have 
the  faintest  notion  of  the  gravity  of  the  situ- 
ation.    Against  this  universal  outburst  Mr. 
Chapleau,  with  his  two  Quebec  colleagues, 
had  to  make  a  stand,  and  in  the  large  Mon- 
treal district,  over  which  he  has  recognized 
control,  he  was  obliged  to  bear  the  brunt 
of  the  onset  alone.    All  agencies  were  set  to 
bear  against  him.     At  first  he  was  tempted 
and  cajoled.     If  he  put  himself  at  the  head 
of  the  movement,  all  parties  would  join  in 
his  wake,  and  he  would  be  the  master  and 
idol  of  the  province.   Then  intimidation  was 
hinted  at.     If  be  ventured  to  set  his  foot  in 
Montreal,  he  would  be  hooted  and  mobbed. 
There  were  several  weeks,  after  the  meeting 
in  the  Champ  de  Mars,  when  the  tide  of 
passion   ran  high,   argument  was  useless, 
and  but  for  the  good  sense  and  honest  pur- 
pose of  the  best  classes,  a  serious  rupture 
might  have  ensued.     From  their  point  of 
view  this  indignation  was  natural,  and  it 
was  respectable,  springing  from  motives  of 
injured  patriotism,  and  aggravated  by  the 
definite  promises  which  the  party  papers 
published,  even  on  the  eve  of  the  unfortu- 
nate man's  execution.     There  are  two  sides 
o  every  question  of  this  kind,  and  the  read- 


ers in  Ontario  and  the  other  provinces  should 
jake  the  particular  circumstances  into  con- 
sideration  in    judging    of    the   movement 
which  almost  rent  the  province  of  Quebec 
asunder.     The  record  is  that  the  Secretary 
of  State  remained  calm  and  collected  through 
it  all.     Knowing  his  people  as  he  does,  he 
understood  all  that  he  was  risking,  and  the 
bright   prospects  which  his  ambition  was 
throwing  away ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  he 
seems  to  have  seen  his  duty  clear  from  the 
start,  and,  like  a  man,  he  did  it.     Without 
being  defiant,  he  was  fearless  throughout. 
And  he  was   outspoken.     In  a  letter   ad- 
dressed  to   his   countrymen,  on  the   28th 
November,  1885,  he  broaches  the   question 
face  to  face,  saying  that  his  oath  of  office 
was  inviolable,  even  at  the  risk  of  losing 
friendships   and  emoluments,  and  that  he 
had  the  profound  conviction  of  the  injus- 
tice of  what  was  demanded  of  him  as  detri- 
mental  to  the   best    understood    interests 
of  the  province.     "  I  saw,"  he  adds,  "  as  a 
logical  consequence  of  this  movement,  the 
isolation  of  French  Canadians,  causing  an 
antagonism  of  race,  provoking  retaliation, 
combats,    and  disasters.     I  felt  that  there 
was  more  courage  in  breasting  the  current 
than  in  drifting  with  it,  and,  without  failing 
in  my  duty,  I  let  pass  the  misguided  crowd 
who   overwhelmed  me  with  the   names  of 
traitor  and  poltroon."     The  letter  then  goes 
on  to  discuss  the  whole  question  in  all  its 
bearings,  and  coming  from  a  statesman,  on 
his  defence,  who  was  acquainted  with  even 
the  most  secret  details  of  the  controversy, 
it  possesses  an  intrinsic  value  which  future 
historians  will  not  overlook.    Mr.  Chapleau 
closes  with  these  brave  words:  "My  con- 
science tells  me  that  I  have  failed,  in  this 
instance,  neither  to  my  Maker,  nor  to  my 
Sovereign,  nor  to  my  countrymen.     . 
I  have  served  my  native  land,  as  a  parlia- 
mentarian, for  eighteen  years  with  joy  and 
pride.     I  shall  continue  to  do  it  on  one  sole 
condition,  that  of  keeping  my  freedom,  with 
no  other  care  than  my  honor  and  my  dig- 
nity."    In   other   respects,    as  minister  of 
the  Crown  at  Ottawa,  Mr.  Chapleau  may  be 
said  to  have  pressed  hard  the  claims  of  his 
province  in  the  cabinet  and  in  parliament, 
and  in  certain  cases  he  is  charged  with  hav- 
ing done  so  at  the  risk  of  serious  dissen- 
sions in  the   ministerial   ranks.     Here,   as 
elsewhere  throughout,  the  difficulties  of  the 
French  Canadian  province  must  be  taken 
into  account,  and  many  things,  very  well 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


637 


meant  from  that  point  of  view,  are  quite  in- 
explicable when  judged  according  to  Saxon 
standards.  Very  few,  if  any,  among  parti- 
zan  writers,  will  refuse  Mr.  Chapleau  the 
quality  of  statesmanship,  however  they  may 
differ  on  the  principles  that  actuate  it,  or  the 
results  which  it  is  likely  to  accomplish.  But 
on  the  question  of  eloquence  there  can 
hardly  be  two  opinions.  He  is  a  born  ora 
tor,  with  almost  all  the  physical  gifts  which 
go  to  the  making  of  the  perfect  master  of 
speech.  A  volume  of  his  speeches  has  just 
been  published,  a  perusal  of  which  gives  the 
further  assurance  of  solidity,  logical  reason- 
ing, rhetorical  taste,  and  generous  tsenti- 
ment.  To  the  persons  who  have  the  plea- 
sure of  his  acquaintance  he  is  the  accom- 
plished gentleman,  lettered  and  sociable, 
full  of  agreeable  information,  and  willing  to 
oblige.  Having  married,  on  the  25th  No- 
vember, 1874,  Marie  Louise,  a  daughter  of 
Lieutenant- Colon  el  King,  of  Sherbrooke, 
Mr.  Chapleau  is  thoroughly  conversant 
with  the  English,  and,  indeed,  uses  it  in 
public  speeches  with  judgment  and  fluency. 
As  he  is  still  a  young  man,  there  is  reason 
to  hope  that  he  may  long  be  spared  to  serve 
his  country,  and,  while  naturally  leaning  a 
little  to  his  own  Quebec,  devote  his  fine  gifts 
to  the  welfare  of  the  Dominion  at  large. 

Mugnan,  Adolpltc,  Notary  Public, 
Joliette,  Quebec  province,  was  born  at  Ber- 
thier  (en  haut).  His  father,  J.  B.  Magnan, 
was  a  brave  and  honest  farmer  of  that  place, 
and  his  mother  was  Marie  Louise  Baymond. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at 
the  College  of  L' Assomption,  where  he  took 
a  classical  course  of  studies.  L' Assomption 
College,  it  may  be  mentioned,  has  given  to 
the  church  and  state  many  eminent  men. 
Mr.  Magnan  entered  college  in  1838,  and 
left  it  in  1845.  In  November  of  the  same 
year  he  entered  as  a  student  in  the  office  of 
Firmin  Perrin,  a  notary  at  Berthier,  and  in 
1847  left  this  place  for  Montreal,  where  he 
engaged  in  the  office  of  Mr.  Denis  Emery 
Papineau,  who  was  then  practising  in  part- 
nership with  the  late  Pierre  Lamothe.  He 
was  received  as  a  notary  in  1850,  and  shortly 
afterwards  settled  in  the  village  of  L1  Indus- 
trie", now  the  town  of  Joliette.  Mr.  Mag- 
nan  created  for  himself  in  a  short  time  an 
excellent  practice  as  a  notary  and  as  a  man 
of  business.  He  was  soon  appreciated  as 
a  laborious,  honest  and  conscientious  no- 
tary, and  commanded  public  confidence  on 
account  of  his  legal  knowledge  acquired 


under  so  distinguished  a  patron  as  D.  E. 
Papineau.  He,  in  company  with  Dr.  Michel 
S.  Boulet,  founded  in  1851,  at  Joliette,  the 
St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society,  of  which  he  was 
for  several  years  the  president.  Mr.  Mag- 
nan  was  official  assignee  for  the  Joliette 
district,  under  the  acts  of  1869  and  1875, 
and  also  occupied  the  position  of  justice 
of  the  peace  for  the  same  district.  He 
was  member  also  of  the  board  of  notar- 
ies for  the  province  of  Quebec,  as  well  as 
councillor  for  the  town  of  Joliette,  and  act- 
ing mayor  for  some  time.  Mr.  Magnan  has 
been  agent  for  the  Seigneurial  lands  of 
Tarrieu,  Joliette  and  Taillant,  in  the  old 
seigniory  of  Lavaltrie,  for  more  than  thirty 
years ;  and  was  also  agent  for  the  seigniory 
of  Daillebout  and  Ramsay.  He  practises 
as  a  notary  at  Joliette,  in  partnership  with 
Alexis  Cabana;  and  has  been  notary  to  the 
Bank  of  Hochelaga  at  Joliette,  since  1874, 
the  date  the  bank  was  first  opened  at  this 
place.  Mr.  Magnan  is  a  Liberal  in  poli- 
tics. Since  1854  he  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  electoral  struggles  on  behalf  of 
that  party.  He  has  always  refused  to  be- 
come a  candidate,  preferring  to  remain 
quietly  at  home.  Mr.  Magnan  has  been 
twice  married,  his  first  wife  having  been 
Aurelie  Blanchard.  His  second  wife  is 
Marie  Louise  Lefleur,  who  bore  him  three 
children.  Albina,  his  daughter,  is  married 
to  Dr.  Louis  L.  Anger,  of  Great  Fails.  New 
Hampshire,  U.S. ;  Arthur  and  Ros.irio,  his 
sons,  are  both  engaged  in  Montreal  in  the 
hardware  trade. 

Jones,  Rev.  Septimus,  M.A.,  Rector 
of  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer,  Toronto, 
Ont.,  was  born  Jome  4th,  1830,  at  Ports- 
mouth, .county  Hants,  England.  Ho  is  the 
seventh  son  of  Rev.  Jamas  Jones,  a  presby- 
ter of  the  English  church,  and  of  Esther 
Budge,  both  natives  of  England.  Rev.  Mr. 
Jones  received  his  preparatory  education  at 
the  city  of  London  School,  England;  and 
in  1848,  the  family  having  removed  to 
Canada,  he  matriculated  at  the  University 
of  Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec.  Having  graduated  in 
arts,  and  finished  the  theological  course  in 
1853,  he  filled  for  a  year  the  position  of 
classical  master  in  the  St.  John's  High 
School,  P.Q.  In  1854  he  was  ordained 
deacon  by  Bishop  Fulford  of  Montreal,  and 
preached  the  following  Sunday  in  the 
cathedral,  and  in  St.  George's  Church,  of 
which  Bishop  Bond,  of  Montreal,  was  then 


638 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


assistant  minister  under  Venerable  Arch- 
deacon Leach.  His  first  charge  was  the 
mission  of  Cape  Cove  and  Perce,  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Gaspe,  P.Q.  In  1854,  the  only 
mode  of  reaching  that  remote  region,  some 
five  hundred  miles  below  Quebec,  was  by 
means  of  small  schooners,  in  the  fish  carry- 
ing trade,  the  passage  occupying  from  three 
days  to  three  weeks,  and  the  fare,  meals  in- 
cluded was  $5,—  and  dear  even  at  that  price. 
The  field  was  unpromising.  The  people  of 
the  coast  were  given  over  to  drunkenness, 
and  a  very  low  tone  of  morality  prevailed. 
Education,  too,  was  at  a  very  low  ebb,  and 
the  people  were  split  up  into  factions.  His 
nearest  clerical  neighbor  was  forty  miles  dis- 
tant on  the  one  side,  and  sixty  on  the  other. 
Mr.  Jones  gave  two  hours  each  morning  to 
the  school.  The  Sunday's  work  at  Cape 
Cove  was,  at  8  a.m.  Sunday  school;  10  a.m. 
morning  service;  2:30  p.m.  Sunday  school 
at  Perce,  nine  miles  distant,  and  had  to 
travel  this  distance  often  on  foot  owing  to 
the  state  of  the  roads;  3:30  p.m.  afternoon 
service;  and  7  p.m.  evening  service  at  Cape 
Cove.  Cottage  lectures  each  week  evening 
from  house  to  house.  The  diet  was  almost 
exclusively  salt  cod  and  potatoes;  but  on 
Sundays  beef  or  mutton  was  served.  The 
mail  came  in  once  a  week  in  summer  and 
once  a  fortnight  in  winter.  Such  is  a  fair 
specimen  of  a  missionary's  life  in  those  days. 
In  1855  Mr.  Jones  was  admitted  to  the 
"order  of  presbyter  by  Bishop  Mountain  of 
Quebec.  In  the  following  year,  his  health 
having  suffered  from  overwork  and  the 
rigor  of  the  climate  (the  snow  lying  from 
November  to  the  middle  of  May),  he  was 
removed  to  Quebec  and  appointed  incum- 
bent of  St.  Peter's  Church  in  that  city.  In 
1859  he  went  to  Philadelphia,  Penn., 
where  he  was  appointed  rector  of  the  Church 
of  the  Redeemer;  but  in  1861.  there  being 
at  the  time  imminent  danger  of  war  between 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  he  re- 
turned to  Canada.  After  filling,  as  a  tem- 
porary appointment,  the  position  of  assistant 
minister  of  St.  Thomas'  Church,  Belleville, 
Ontario,  he  was  appointed  the  first  rector  of 
Christ  Church  in  that  city.  In  1870  he  was 
chosen  as  the  first  rector  of  the  Church  of 
the  Redeemer,  Toronto,  which  since  then 
has  enjoyed  a  large  measure  of  prosperity. 
The  present  handsome  edifice  of  stone,  next 
in  seating  capacity  to  St  James'  Cathedral, 
was  erected  in  1879,  opposite  the  north  gate 
of  Queen's  Park,  one  of  the  choicest  sites 


in  the  city  of  Toronto.  Rev.  Mr.  Jones 
acted  for  some  years  as  inspector  of  schools 
in  Belleville,  and  subsequently  as  one  of 
the  board  of  Intermediate  Examiners  in 
Ontario.  He  has  also  been  connected  with 
Wycliffe  College,  since  its  inception,  as 
one  of  the  council,  and  as  a  teacher,  chiefly 
of  the  subject  of  apologetics.  He  has  act- 
ed in  the  capacity  of  chaplain  for  the  St. 
George's  societies,  in  Quebec,  Belleville,  and 
Toronto.  He  takes  an  active  part  in  the 
work  of  the  Anglican  Synod,  and,  owing  to 
his  administrative  ability,  he  is  always  a 
member  of  its  principal  standing  and  special 
committees;  and  he  took  the  chief  part  in 
the  preparation  of  that  most  useful  handy- 
book,  "  The  Churchwarden's  Manual,"  and 
was  the  author  of  the  canon  on  the  super- 
annuation fund,  passed  at  the  1887  session 
of  the  Diocesan  Synod.  In  the  Ministerial 
Association  of  Toronto  he  is  greatly  interest- 
ed, and  seldom  fails  to  attend  its  meetings ; 
and  also,  when  occasion  calls,  he  is  found 
advocating  every  movement  having  for  its 
object  the  spiritual  and  moral  improvement 
of  the  people.  On  the  28th  April,  1862, 
Mr.  Jones  married  Catherine  Eliza  Bruce 
Hutton,  youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Wil- 
liam Hutton,  secretary  to  the  Bureau  of 
Agriculture.  The  issue  of  the  marriage  has 
been  eight  children,  two  of  whom  died  in  in- 
fancy. 

Pay u  11,  Paul,  St.  Hyacinthe,  Quebec 
province,  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Duclos 
&  Pay  an,  Tanners,  Manufacturers  of  buff, 
split-leather,  shoe  stock  and  curriers'  grease. 
He  is  the  son  of  Louis  Payan  and  Sophie 
Susanne  Beranger,  and  was  born  the  14th 
day  of  February,  1840,  in  the  city  of  Mens, 
department  de  1'Isere,  France.  At  the 
early  age  of  twelve  he  entered  as  appren- 
tice in  a  tailoring  establishment.  In  1854, 
when  the  Crimean  war  broke  out,  his  father, 
who  had  served  under  Napoleon  the  1st, 
and  accompanied  the  emperor  in  most  of 
his  campaigns,  decided  to  send  his  two  sons 
to  America,  feeling  unwilling  to  expose 
them  to  the  hardship  of  war,  as  his  eldest 
son  had  attained  the  age  of  conscription. 
On  the  7th  of  July  they  left  for  Havre, 
from  which  seaport  they  sailed  for  New 
York,  leaving  behind  them  their  father  and 
mother  to  dispose  of  their  business  of  small- 
wares  and  stationery.  After  forty-six  days' 
sailing,  the  Arlington  dropt  her  anchor 
in  the  bay  of  New  York.  Then  began 
their  anxieties,  greatly  increased  by  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


639 


fact  that  they   could  not   understand  the 
language  of  the  country.     Abused  by  over- 
charges in  a  hotel,  and  threatened  by  bul- 
lies, they  passed  out  into  the  street  where 
they  wandered  the  whole  night.     It  was 
only  at  the  close  of  the  next  day  that  they 
bought  their  tickets  for  Champlain  by  boat 
to  Albany  ;  and  after  many  troubles,  bag- 
gages lost,   delays,  and  disappointment  of 
all  kinds,  they  landed  at  Rouse's  Point, 
where  sad  news  awaited   them.     A  sister, 
the  wife  of  the  Eev.  Mr.  Charbonnel,  then 
living  at  Koxton,  had  gone  to  her  rest  a  few 
weeks  before.     His  elder  brother  soon  got 
employment  in  a  carpenter's  shop,  and  Paul 
Payan   entered   as   an  apprentice  in  a  tin 
shop;  but  soon  discovering  it  would  take  a 
life-time  to  make  a  mere  living,  he  followed 
the  advice  of  his  brother-in-law;  gave  up 
tailoring  and  the  tinsmith  business,  and  con- 
cluded an  engagement  with  the  owner  of  a 
small  tannery.     He  soon  passed  to  a  larger 
leather  establishment  at  Roxton  Falls,  and 
later  on  came  to  St.  Pie  and  St.  Hyacinthe. 
By  that  time  he  had  learned  his  trade  and 
made   some   money.     He   was   married  to 
Louisa  Tenny,  but  having  to  support  his 
young  family,  and  his  father  and  mother, 
who  arrived  in  America  a  year  after  their 
son,  his  capital  did  not  accumulate  very  fast. 
He  made  two  unsuccessful  attempts  at  start- 
ing a  tannery  business  at  Koxton  Pond  and 
at  St.  Hyacinthe.     He  then  went  into  the 
bark  business,  but  freight  being  high,  he 
reduced   its  bulk  by  planing  it  thin;  and 
was  the  first  to  send  to  the  State  of  Massa- 
chusetts pressed  bark.    Competition  having 
soon  reduced  the  profit  to  a  minimum,  he 
gave  this  up,  and  went  into  the  grocery  busi- 
ness in  Granby.  After  the  death  of  his  wife, 
he  left  Granby  and  became  an  agent  for  J. 
Daigneau,  in  an  extensive  and  remunerative 
bark   business.     While  in  his   employ   he 
met  with  an  accident,  having  broken  his  leg. 
After  another  attempt  at  bark  business  with 
a  young  friend,   he  came  back  to  a  long 
cherished  idea  of  starting  a  tannery.     With 
this  object  in  view,  he  visited  the  western 
part  of  the  United  States  and  Canada;  but 
finding  no  more  advantages  there  than  in 
the  province  of  Quebec,  he  returned,  and 
was  married   to  his  second  wife,   Olympe 
Duclos.     In  1873   he  formed  a  partnership 
with  his  brother-in-law,  Silas  Duclos,  and 
began  to  put  up  a  building  of  75  feet  long. 
In  1879  he  bought  Cotes'  tannery,  and  in 
1882  doubled  its  capacity,  which  now  em- 


ploys 120  hands.  Notwithstanding  severe 
losses  through  failures,  Mr.  Payan  grew  in 
wealth  and  influence.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  city  councillor,  which  position  he 
held  till  1884,  when  he  resigned.  It  was 
during  his  wise  administration  that  the 
city  of  St.  Hyacinthe  underwent  many  im- 
provements, that  a  public  park  was  planned, 
a  fire  engine  house  and  police  station  built, 
a  more  efficient  fire  service  organized,  the 
granite  mill  and  a  large  shoe  factory  started, 
and  a  gas  company  put  on  a  working  foot- 
ing. In  1881  Mr.  Payan  visited  Europe 
in  the  interest  of  his  business,  seeking  a 
new  market  for  their  manufactured  goods. 
He  is  a  worthy  offshoot  of  a  most  faithful 
Huguenot  family,  was  born  and  educated  a 
Protestant,  and  is  still  a  strong,  quiet,  un- 
ostentatious and  consistent  professor  of  the 
Presbyterian  church  of  Canada. 

Well§,  Hon.  Rupert  ftlear§e,  To- 
ronto, Barrister,  was  born  in  Prescott  coun- 
ty, Ontario,  on  the  25th  November,  1835. 
He  is  descended,  on  the  paternal  side,  from 
an  English  family,  members  of  which  emi- 
grated to  America,  and  settled  in  the  town 
of  Scituate,  in  the  state  of  Rhode  Island, 
towards  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
His  great-grandfather,  James  Wells,  came 
to  Canada  during  the  American  revolution 
ary  war.  James  Pendleton  Wells,  the  father 
of  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  born  in 
Montreal,  in  1803,  and  while  a  young  man 
removed  to  the  county  of  Prescott,  where 
he  resided  for  upwards  of  fifty  years.  He 
took  an  active  and  prominent  part  in  pub- 
lic and  political  affairs,  and  for  many  years, 
until  he  was  appointed  sheriff,  was  the 
recognized  leader  of  the  Reform  party  in 
that  county.  Few  men  in  that  district  wete 
more  widely  known  or  more  generally  re- 
spected than  Sheriff  Wells.  His  wife  was 
Emily  Hamilton  Cleveland,  a  native-born 
Canadian  of  Scotch-English  descent.  Hon. 
Mr.  Wells,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  re- 
ceived his  educational  training  at  home 
and  at  Brock ville,  and  in  1850  was  sent  to 
the  University  of  Toronto.  Here  he  won 
the  Jameson  gold  medal  for  history,  and 
was  silver  medallist  in  ethics.  Graduating 
B.A.  in  1854,  he  began  the  study  of  law 
with  Alexander  McDonald,  then  one  of  the 
firm  of  Blake,  Connor,  Morrison  &  McDon- 
ald, leading  barristers  in  Toronto,  and  on 
the  completion  of  his  law  course,  was  called 
to  the  bar  of  Upper  Canada,  Trinity  term, 
1857.  He  then  removed  to  L'Orignal,  the 


640 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


county  town  of  the  united  counties  of  Pres- 
cott  and  Russell.  Mr.  Wells  remained  here 
for  about  three  years,  during  which  time, 
in  addition  to  his  professional  duties,  he 
edited  and  published  The  Economist  news- 
paper. Removing  to  Toronto,  in  1860,  he 
associated  himself  with  the  Hon.  Edward 
Blake  in  the  law  business — the  firm  name 
being  Blake,  Kerr  &  Wells.  A  dissolution  of 
this  partnership  having  taken  place  in  1870, 
he  formed  another  with  Angus  Morrison, 
Q.C.,  who  for  several  years  was  mayor  of 
Toronto,  the  new  firm  being  known  by  the 
name  of  Morrison,  Wells  &  Gordon.  On 
the  death  of  Mr.  Morrison,  a  few  years  ago, 
a  change  took  place  in  the  firm,  and  now 
Mr.  Wells  carries  on  his  law  business  in 
partnership  with  Angus  MacMurchy,  B.A., 
under  the  name  of  Wells  &  MacMurchy, 
barristers,  110  King  street  west.  In  1871 
Mr.  Wells  was  appointed  to  the  office  of 
county  attorney  for  York  county  and  To- 
ronto city,  but  this  office  he  only  held  for 
about  a  year  when  he  resigned,  to  become 
the  Reform  candidate  for  the  South  Riding 
of  Bruce,  for  which  constituency  he  was 
elected  to  the  Ontario  legislature  in  October, 
1872.  Shortly  after  entering  the  house,  on 
the  resignation  of  the  Hon.  J.  G.  Currie, 
7th  January,  1872,  he  was  elected  Speaker, 
and  this  high  and  honorable  position  he 
held  until  the  dissolution  of  the  parliament^ 
He  was  elected  to  the  same  office  on  23rd 
November,  1875,  and  held  it  until  January, 
1880.  In  1882  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
Ontario  legislature,  and  was  elected  to  re- 
present East  Bruce  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. This  seat  he  held  until  the  general 
election  of  1887,  when  he  failed  to  secure 
his  re-election.  The  Hon.  Mr.  Wells  is  now 
solicitor  for  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway. 
In  politics  he  is  a  staunch  Reformer. 

Stuart,  Sir  Andrew,  Knight,  Que- 
bec, is  the  distinguished  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  the  province  of  Que- 
bec, and  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  living 
Canadian  jurists.  Chief  Justice  Stuart  may 
be  said  to  have  been  "  to  the  manner  born," 
and  to  have  inherited  the  profound  legal 
abilities,  and  splendid  judicial  mind,  which 
make  him  one  of  the  greatest  ornaments  of 
the  Lower  Canadian  bench.  "  Bon  chien 
tient  de  race  "  is  a  favorite  French- Cana- 
dian maxim,  which  seems  to  have  much  ap- 
plication to  his  case.  Legal  and  judicial 
talent  runs,  so  to  say,  in  his  blood.  His 
father,  the  late  Andrew  Stuart,  Q.C.,  of 


Quebec,  was  her  Majesty's  solicitor- general 
for  Lower  Canada,  just  before  the  union, 
and  one  of  the  most  brilliant  and  remark- 
able lawyers  of  his  day.  Sir  James  Stuart, 
baronet,  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  figures 
in  Canadian  history,  and  for  many  years 
chief  justice  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench 
for  Lower  Canada,  was  another  member  of 
the  gifted  family,  as  was  also  the  late  Hon. 
George  O'Kill  Stuart,  for  some  years  one  of 
the  representatives  of  the  city  of  Quebec  in 
parliament,  and,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
judge  of  her  Majesty's  Vice-Admiralty  Court 
at  the  port  of  Quebec.  Our  distinguished 
subject's  patronymic  indicates  his  .Scottish 
extraction.  He  was  born  at  Quebec,  on 
the  16th  June,  1812,  and  was  educated  at 
Chambly,  P.Q.,  in  the  Rev.  Mr.  Parkin's 
school,  which  was  conducted  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Quebec.  After 
the  usual  course  of  legal  study  in  those 
days,  he  was  called,  in  1834,  to  the  Que- 
bec bar,  and  rapidly  rose  to  distinction 
among  his  brethren  of  the  long  robe.  On 
his  father's  death,  he  succeeded  to  the  most 
of  his  extensive  and  lucrative  practice,  and 
became  the  trusted  adviser  of  the  leading 
merchants  and  business  men  of  the  ancient 
capital,  his  services  being  retained  in  nearly 
all  the  important  cases  which  came  before 
the  Quebec  courts  during  the  next  twenty 
years.  In  1854,  he  was  raised  to  the  dig- 
nity of  a  Q.C.,  in  recognition  of  his  eminent 
professional  talents,  and  in  the  course  of  the 
same  year  he  was  also  appointed  a  commis- 
sioner to  consolidate  the  Statutes  of  Canada. 
In  1859,  on  the  appointment  of  the  late  Hon. 
Justice  Morin,  as  a  member  of  the  codifi- 
cation commission,  he  was  named  an  assist- 
ant judge  of  the  Superior  Court  for  Lower 
Canada,  and  appointed  a  puisne  judge  of 
the  same  court  at  Quebec,  on  the  death  of 
Hon.  Justice  Chabot,  in  1860.  In  1874,  he 
was  offered  a  seat  in  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench  for  the  province  of  Quebec,  but  de- 
clined it,  and  in  March,  1885,  on  the.  retire- 
ment of  Sir  William  Collis  Meredith,  he  was 
elevated  to  the  more  important  position  of 
chief  justice  of  the  Superior  Court  for  the 
province  of  Quebec,  which  he  still  fills,  with 
honor  to  himself,  satisfaction  to  the  bar, 
and  benefit  to  the  country.  In  fact,  Sir 
Andrew  Stuart  is  one  of  the  most  popular, 
as  he  is  also  one  of  the  most  eminent,  of  the 
Lower  Canadian  judiciary.  Throughout 
his  career  at  the  bar,  his  practice  was  so  ex- 
tensive that  he  may  be  said  to  have  had  no 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


641 


time  to  take  any  part  in  politics.  At  all 
events,  he  never  adventured  actively  on  that 
stormy  sea,  and,  even  to  this  day,  his  party 
proclivities,  if  he  can  be  stated  to  have  any, 
remain  in  doubt,  so  evenly  did  he  hold, 
and  has  always  held,  the  balance.  This 
marked  characteristic,  together  with  his 
exalted  office  as  chief  justice,  naturally 
pointed  him  out  as  the  fit  and  proper  per- 
son to  represent  the  Crown  on  different  oc- 
casions in  the  province  of  Quebec,  and 
during  the  illness  of  Lieut. -Governor  Mas- 
son,  he  was  appointed  provincial  adminis- 
trator, in  April,  1886,  and  again  in  Febru- 
ary, 1887,  acquitting  himself  on  both  oc- 
casions of  his  high  and  delicate  trust  with 
a  tact  and  impartiality  which  won  golden 
opinions  from  all  political  parties  in  the  pro- 
vince. On  the  9th  May,  1887,  Chief  Justice 
Stuart  received,  in  the  honor  of  knighthood, 
from  her  Majesty,  a  mark  of  his  Sovereign's 
appreciation  of  his  eminent  services,  in 
which  the  whole  country  rejoiced,  and  none 
more  so  than  the  people  of  Quebec,  his 
native  city  and  home.  Although  now  past 
the  scriptural  three  score  and  ten,  Sir  An- 
drew is  still  a  hale  and  vigorous  man,  with 
well  preserved  powers  of  mind  -and  body, 
and  doubtless  has  yet  many  years  of  public 
usefulness  before  him.  On  the  bench,  he  is 
a  model  of  dignity  in  his  demeanor  and  lu- 
cidity in  his  judgments,  and  especially  kind 
to  the  younger  practitioners  before  him.  In 
private  life,  he  is  essentially  the  well-bred 
gentleman,  noted  for  his  affability,  geni- 
ality, and  the  old-time  courtliness  of  his 
manners.  In  1842,  he  married  Elmire  Aubert 
de  Gaspe,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Philip 
Aubert  de  Gaspe,  seigneur  of  St.  Jean  Port 
Joly,  and  a  member  of  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  aristocratic  French  families  of 
Lower  Canada,  who  received  large  grants 
of  land  from  the  French  kings  before  the 
conquest.  One  of  Mrs.  Stuart's  sisters  is 
the  wife  of  Hon.  Charles  Alleyn,  formerly 
commissioner  of  public  works  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Canada,  and  at  present  sheriff  of 
Quebec;  and  another  is  the  widow  of  the 
late  Hon.  William  Power,  in  his  lifetime  a 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Quebec.  By 
his  marriage,  Sir  Andrew  has  had  issue 
eight  children,  four  sons  and  four  daugh- 
ters. One  of  the  former,  Henry  McNab 
Stuart,  now  in  British  Columbia,  is  a  bar- 
rister by  profession.  His  second  son,  An- 
drew Charles  Stuart,  now  deceased,  was  also 
a  barrister,  and  for  many  years  the  popular 
NN 


lieut. -colonel  and  commanding  officer  of  the 
8th  battalion  of  Quebec  Eoyal  Kifles.  A 
third  son,  Gustavus  G.  Stuart,  is  a  promi- 
nent and  successful  practitioner  at  .the  Que- 
bec bar,  and  one  of  the  legal  firm  of  which 
Sir  A.  P.  Caron,  Dominion  minister  of  mili- 
tia, is  also  a  member.  His  eldest  daughter, 
Lauretta  Stuart,  is  the  wife  of  Hon.  Louis 
Beaubien,  of  Montreal,  formerly  M.P.P.  for 
Hochelaga,  and  speaker  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly  of  Quebec.  Another  daughter, 
Maud  Margaret,  is  the  wife  of  William  G. 
Lemesurier,  and  now  in  India  with  her  hus- 
band. Sir  Andrew  Stuart  is  a  member  of 
the  Church  of  England. 

Dorioii,  Hon.  Sir  Antoine  Ahnc. 
Knight,  Montreal,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  was  born  at  Ste.  Anne  de 
la  Perade,  district  of  Three  B/ivers,  on  the 
17th  January,  1818.  He  is  a  son  of  Pierre 
Antoine  Dorion,  who  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Assembly  for  Lower  Canada  for  the 
county  of  Champlain,  prior  to  the  troubles 
of  1835  and  1837,  and  Genevieve  Bureau, 
his  wife.  He  is  a  grandson  of  P.  Bureau, 
who  sat  hi  the  Assembly  for  the  county 
of  St.  Maurice,  and  nephew  of  Hon.  Jacques 
O.  Bureau,  who  is  a  Senator  for  DeLorimer 
division.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  re- 
ceived an  excellent  education  at  Nicolet 
College.  After  a  course  of  study  in  law  he 
was  called  to  the  bar  of  Lower  Canada, 
January,  1842  ;  was  appointed  a  Q.C.  in 
1863,  and  created  a  knight  in  1877.  He 
has  occupied  a  distinguished  position  at  the 
bar  ;  was  elected  several  times  battonier  of 
the  Montreal  bar,  and  was  also  battonier- 
general  of  the  bar  of  the  province.  He 
began  at  an  early  age  to  take  an  interest  in 
politics,  and  from  1854  to  1861  he  sat  in  the 
Canadian  Assembly  for  Montreal,  and  for 
Hochelaga  from  1862  until  the  union.  He 
represented  the  same  county  in  the  House  of 
Commons  until  1872,  when  he  was  returned 
for  Napierville,  for  which  he  continued  to 
sit  until  his  elevation  to  the  bench.  He  was 
leader  of  the  Rouge  or  French  Canadian 
Liberal  party  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
from  his  entrance  into  political  life  until  his 
retirement.  In  August,  1858,  the  Macdon- 
ald-Cartier  government  was  succeeded  by 
the  Browu-Dorion  administration,  when  Mr. 
Dorion  became  attorney-general.  He  was 
sworn  in  a  member  of  the  Privy  Council  No- 
vember 7th,  1873,  and  was  minister  of  justice 
from  that  date  until  appointed  chief  justice 
of  the  province  of  Quebec.  During  his 


642 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


career  in  parliament,  he  held  the  offices  of 
commissioner  of  crown  lands  in  1858  ;  pro- 
vincial secretary  from^May,  1862,  to  Janu- 
ary, 1863,  when  he  resigned  on  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway  question  ;  attorney- gene- 
ral for  Lower  Canada,  and  co-leader  of  the 
government  (with  Hon.  John  Sandfield 
Macdonald  as  premier),  from  May,  1863, 
to  March,  1864,  when  the  ministry  resigned 
from  office.  He  acted  as  administrator  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  in  December,  1876, 
during  the  illness  of  Lieut. -Governor  Caron. 
He  was  married,  in  1848,  to  a  daughter  of 
the  late  Dr.  Trestler,  of  Montreal. 

Tupper,  Hon.  Sir  Cha§.,  G.C.M.G., 
C.B.,  D.C.L.,  Minister  of  Finance  for  the 
Dominion  of  Canada,  M.P.  for  Cumberland, 
Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  Amherst,  N.S., 
on  the  2nd  July,  1821.  The  family  is  of 
Hesse-Cassel  origin.  After  having  settled 
for  a  time  in  Guernsey,  one  of  the  British 
ohannel  islands,  the  forefathers  of  the  future 
Canadian  minister  of  finance,  with  the  ob- 
ject of  improving  their  condition,  left  for 
Virginia,  in  America,  and  subsequently,  at 
the  termination  of  the  American  revolution- 
ary war,  removed,  with  other  United  Em- 
pire loyalists,  to  Nova  Scotia,  where  they 
settled.  The  family  was  also  connected 
with  that  of  the  late  Major-General  Sir  Isaac 
Brock,  the  hero  of  Queenston  heights.  His 
father  was  the  late  Rev.  Charles  Tupper, 
D.D.,  of  Aylesford,  N.S.  Young  Tupper 
received  a  classical  education  at  Acadia  Col- 
lege, Nova  Scotia,  and  graduated  from  that 
instituion  with  the  degrees  of  M.A.  and 
D.C.L.  He  subsequently  went  to  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  where  he  studied  medicine, 
and  took  the  degree  of  M.D.,  and  also  re- 
ceived the  diploma  of  the  College  of  Sur- 
geons of  the  same  city,  in  1843.  On  his 
return  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion, and  soon  succeeded  in  building  up 
a  lucrative  business.  A  man  of  Dr.  Tup- 
per's  ambitious  turn  was  likely,  sooner  or 
later,  to  take  that  road  which  leads  so  many 
men  to  high  public  distinction,  and  prob- 
ably when  he  did  so,  few  men  in  this  coun- 
try were  ever  so  well  equipped  for  such  a 
venture.  He  had  a  good  presence,  a 
hearty,  genial  address;  he  had  read  widely, 
observed  keenly,  and  could  discourse  vol- 
ubly and  captivatingly  upon  any  topic  that 
arose.  His  extensive  professional  practice 
made  him  known  to  nearly  everybody  in 
Cumberland;  and  he  had  the  tact — as  the 
time  was  near  that  he  had  chosen  for  em- 


barkation on  public  life — to  be  less  prompt 
in  sending  in  his  accounts,  and  less  rigid 
in  enforcing  payment  than  heretofore.  In- 
deed, the  robust  and  correct  business  man 
soon  attained  the  name  of  being  generous. 
Dr.  Tupper  was  always  a  Conservative,  and 
for  the  Conservative  party  he  always  ex- 
pressed his  preferences.  But  he  could  not 
be  called  a  Tory.  There  was  nothing  retro- 
gressive or  narrow  about  him,  and  he  did 
not  care  three  straws  for  custom  or  tradi- 
tion if  it  stood  in  the  way  of  any  condition 
of  affairs  that  he  considered  desirable.  In 

1855  a  general  election  took  place  in  Nova 
Scotia,  and,    in  response  to  a  call  from  a 
number  of  prominent  Conservatives,    he  of- 
fered himself  for  Cumberland,  and  was  suc- 
cessful.    And  successful,  too,  over  an  oppo- 
nent no  less  redoubtable  than  the  then  great 
lion  of   the   Reform  party,  Joseph  Howe. 
Howe  was  a  most  generous  opponent.     In 
that  contest  he  did  not   suppose  that   he 
would  be  defeated,   but  he  recognised  the 
strength   of  his   young   opponent.     From 
hustings  to  hustings  he  went,  at  each  one 
saying  that  he  had  no  fear  of  the  result,  but 
bearing  testimony  to  the  power  of  his  op- 
ponent, and  predicting  that  the  time  was 
near  when  he  would   be  heard  from,  and 
render  a  creditable  account  of  himself.    The 
result  of  the  fight,  as  we  have  said,  was  that 
Dr.  Tupper  was  returned  to  represent  his 
native  county  in  the  Nova  Scotia  legislature, 
where  the  young  member  for  Cumberland  at 
once  attracted  notice.     As  a  speaker  he  was 
astute,  ready,  sarcastic,  and  of  ten  overwhelm- 
ing, and  for  downright  thunderous  strength 
of  style,  no  one  could  come  near  him.     In 

1856  he  became  provincial  secretary  in  the 
Hon.  James  W.  Johnston's  administration; 
in  1858  he  went  to  England  on  a  mission 
connected  with  the  Intercolonial  Railway; 
and  in  1864  he  became  premier,  on  the  retire- 
ment of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Johnston  to  the  bench. 
In  1869  he  moved  the  resolutions  providing 
for  a  conference  in  Prince  Edward  Island  to 
consider   a   scheme  for  a  maritime  union, 
but  that  project  was  afterwards  merged  into 
the  larger  one,  which  aimed  at   a  confede- 
ration of  the  whole  of  the  British  North 
America  provinces.     In   the   confederation 
movement,    Dr.    Tupper    took    a    leading 
part,  attending  the  Quebec  conference,  and 
afterwards    going    to   England   when    the 
question  was  discussed  before  the  members 
of  the  Imperial  government.     In  1867  he 
was  created  a  C.B.,  and  in  the  same  year 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


643 


was  invited  to  take  a  seat  in  the  Privy  Coun- 
cil of  Canada.     This  he  refused,  remaining 
a  private  member  of  the  House  of  Commons 
till    1870,  when  he  consented   to  become 
president  of  the  council.     In  1872  he  be- 
came  minister   of  inland  revenue,  and  in 
1873  minister  of  customs,  which  office  he 
was  soon  obliged  to  surrender,  by  reason  of 
the  defeat   of  the   ministry.     During   the 
campaign  of  1878  he  was  like  a  lion  in  the 
fight,  and  his  great  battle-cry  infused  cou- 
rage into  the  hearts  of  thousands  of  men  who 
wavered   between  the   two  parties.      That 
year  the  Liberals  were  defeated,  and   Dr. 
Tupper  became  minister  of   public  works 
till  that  department  was  divided,  when  he 
took  the  portfolio  of  railways  and  canals. 
In  1879  he  was  created  a  knight  of  the  or- 
der of  St.  Michael   and   St.   George.     His 
connection  with  the  Canadian  Pacific  Kail- 
way  is  in  everybody's  mind.     To  him  more 
than  to  any  other  man  in  Canada  is  due  the 
success  of  that  great  enterprise.     In  1883 
he   was   appointed  high   commissioner    of 
Canada  to  the  Court  of  St.  James  in  Lon- 
don,   retaining  his  position  as  minister  of 
railways    and  canals.     In  this   connection, 
Sir   John   Macdonald    passed    an    act   re- 
lieving the  honorable  gentleman  from  pen- 
alties under   the   Independence  of  Parlia- 
ment Act;  but  after  the  close  of  the  session 
of  1884,  Sir  Charles  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
cabinet,  and  retained  the  high  commissioner- 
ship.     He,  however,  soon  re-entered  active 
politics  again.     He  was  returned  at  the  last 
general  election   by  his  old  constituency, 
and  was  appointed  finance  minister  on  the 
27th  January,   1887,  which  office  he  still 
holds.     Sir  Charles  Tupper  was  appointed 
executive  commissioner  for  Canada  at  the 
International  Exhibition  held  at  Antwerp  in 
1885,    and   executive   commissioner  at  the 
Colonial  and  Industrial  Exhibition  held  in 
London  in  1886.     At  the  close  of   1887  he 
was  appointed  by  the  Imperial  government 
to  act,  in  conjunction  with  the  Hon.  Joseph 
Chamberlain,  in  negotiating  a  treaty  with 
the    government   of  the  United   States  of 
America  in  relation  to  the  Canadian  fish- 
eries, and  the  commissioners  brought  their 
labors  to  a  close  during  the  month  of  Feb- 
ruary,  1888.      While  in  the  Nova  Scotian 
legislature,  Sir  Charles  introduced  and  saw 
carried  through  many  important  measures, 
which  are  now  bearing  good  fruit.    Among 
the  measures  he  introduced  into  the  House 
of  Commons  at  Ottawa,  and  saw  pass  into 


.aw,  we  may  mention  the  act  prohibiting  the 
manufacture  and  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors 
in  the  North-West  Territory,  the  Consolida- 
tion Kailway  Act  of  1879,  the  act  granting 
a  charter  to  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway 
Company  in  1881,  the  act  of  1884  granting 
a  loan  to  that  company,  the  Railway  Subsi- 
dies Acts  of  1883  and  1884,  and  the  act  of 
1884  respecting  an  agreement  between  the 
province  of  British  Columbia  and  the  Do- 
minion of  Canada.  Sir  Charles  was  appoint- 
ed by  Act  of  Parliament,  in  1862,  governor 
of  Dalhousie  College,  Halifax;  and  was  pre- 
sident of  the  Canada  Medical  Association 
from  its  formation  in  1867  until  1870,  when 
he  declined  re-election.  In  October,  1846, 
he  was  married  to  Frances  Morse,  of  Am- 
herst. 

Ingli§,  George,  Owen  Sound,  Ontario, 
was  born  at  Inglis  Falls,  three  miles  from 
Owen  Sound,  on  the  26th  July,  1850.  He 
is  the  second  son  of  Peter  Inglis,  who  was 
one  of  the  first  pioneers  in  the  town  of  Owen 
Sound,  having  first  arrived  there  in  1843. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at 
the  Owen  Sound  Grammar  School.  Leav- 
ing school  in  January,  1867,  he  entered  his 
father's  woollen  mills,  and  remained  there 
three  years,  during  which  time  he  thorough- 
ly mastered  the  details  of  the  business.  In 
1870  he  was  put  in  charge  of  his  father's 
office,  in  the  court  house,  his  father  at  that 
time  holding  the  position  of  deputy  clerk 
of  the  Crown,  clerk  of  the  County  Court,  and 
registrar  of  the  Surrogate  Court,  and  had 
charge  of  the  office  until  1877,  when  his 
father  resigned,  and  he  was  appointed  in 
his  stead.  In  1885  he  was  made  local 
registrar  of  the  High  Court,  and  in  1886  he 
also  received  the  appointment  of  deputy 
registrar  of  the  Man  ime  Court.  In  1879 
he  was  appointed  a  /  igh  school  trustee  by 
the  county  council,  which  position  he  has 
held  ever  since.  At  the  present  time  he 
fills  the  position  of  chairman  of  the  Board 
of  Education,  and  has  had  the  honor  of 
being  elected  thereto  for  the  last  six  years 
in  succession.  He  is  the  president  of  the 
Cricket  Club  in  the  town,  and  also  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  Curling  Club.  He  takes  an 
active  interest  in  secret  and  benevolent  so- 
cieties, being  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order,  and  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows,  a  pastmaster  of  the  Ancient  Order 
of  United  Workmen,  and  a  past  chancellor 
of  the  Knights  of  Pythias.  On  account  of 
holding  government  offices,  Mr.  Inglis  has 


644 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


never  taken  an  active  part  in  politics  or 
municipal  affairs.  He  is  a  Presbyterian, 
and  a  regular  attendant  at  Knox  Church, 
Owen  Sound. 

Partridge,  Rev.  Francis,  M.A., 
D.D.,  Rector  of  St.  George's  Church,  Hali- 
fax, Secretary  of  the  diocese  of  Nova  Scotia, 
and  late  Canon  of  Christ  Church  Cathedral, 
Fredericton,  was  born  at  Dursley,  Glouces- 
tershire, England,  on  the  2nd  April,  1846. 
He  is  a  son  of  Charles  Partridge,  of  the  old 
Gloucestershire  family  of  Partridge,  of  Wish- 
anger,  near  Cirencester.  The  earliest  re- 
cord of  this  family  dates  from  temp.  Rich- 
ard II.  Miles  Partridge,  esquire  of  the 
unfortunate  Protector,  the  Duke  of  Somer- 
set, was  knighted  for  his  gallant  conduct 
on  the  field  of  Pinkie.  William  Partridge, 
the  London  police  magistrate,  and  Richard 
Partridge,  the  noted  surgepn,  are  of  the 
same  stock.  His  mother  is  Catherine  Gil- 
mour,  of  the  family  of  Gilmour,  whose  seat 
is  at  Craigmillar,  near  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land. Her  grandfather,  Colonel  James  Lyon 
Gilmour,  was  quartermaster- general  for 
many  years  at  Quebec.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Part- 
ridge was  educated  at  Lady  Berkeley's 
Grammar  School,  founded  in  1300,  at 
Wootton-under-Edge,  Gloucestershire.  He 
was  a  foundation  scholar  from  1855  to  1862, 
and  from  1862  to  1864,  tutor  in  the  family 
of  the  R«v.  Isaac  Williams,  B.D.,  a  friend 
of  Newman  and  Pusey,  and  one  of  the  ori- 
ginal writers  of  "  Tracts  for  the  Times," 
and  closely  associated  with  the  Oxford 
Tractarian  movement.  During  1864  and 
1865  he  was  classical  master  at  the  gram- 
mar school  at  Dursley.  In  1865  he  ma- 
triculated at  St.  Augustine's  College,  Can- 
terbury, having  been  strongly  moved  to 
take  up  missionary  work,  and  expecting  to 
obtain  the  best  training  for  that  purpose  at 
this  college.  He  was  mission  essay  and 
Whytehead  prizeman  for  Greek  Testament 
in  1866,  and  also  took  the  first  place  in 
final  medical  examination,  in  1867.  After 
finishing  his  college  course,  he  received  the 
appointment  of  principal  of  the  county 
Grammar  School  at  St.  Andrew's,  New 
Brunswick,  the  duties  of  which  he  assumed 
in  1868.  Being  too  young  for  ordination, 
he  remained  in  the  school,  prosecuting  his 
theological  studies,  until  June,  1869,  when 
he  was  ordained  a  deacon  by  the  Bishop  of 
Fredericton,  the  Right  Rev.  John  Medley, 
D.D.,  in  the  parish  church  of  St.  Andrew's, 
N.B.  He  was  then  appointed  curate  of  St. 


Andrew's,  in  which  position  he  served  the 
church  for  three  and  a  half  years,  still  re- 
taining the  mastership  of  the  school.  He 
was  ordained  priest  in  June,  1870,  by  the 
same  bishop.  In  November,  1871,  he  was 
unanimously  elected  rector  of  Rothesay, 
King's  county,  N.B.,  which  he  accepted,  and 
took  up  his  residence  at  Easter,  1872.  In 
1872  he  received  the  degree  of  hon.  M.A. 
from  Trinity  College,  Hartford,  Conn.  Tn 
1876  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Diocesan 
Synod  of  Fredericton.  About  this  time  he 
began  to  take  a  great  interest  in  missions, 
or  systematic  preachings,  and  for  a  continu- 
ous period  studied  the  question,  and  finally, 
in  1877,  began  to  give  his  services  in  this 
direction,  holding  missions  in  several  par- 
ishes in  the  diocese  of  Fredericton.  In 
1879  he  was  appointed  canon  of  Christ 
Church  Cathedral,  Fredericton,  by  the 
bishop,  for  his  service  to  the  church.  In 
the  same  year,  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Divinity  at  King's  College,  Windsor,  being 
thrown  open  to  clergymen  of  six  years 
standing,  on  passing  the  required  examina- 
tions, he  went  to  Windsor  and  passed  the 
examination,  and  received  that  degree  in 
June  of  the  same  year.  In  November, 
1881,  he  was  elected  to  the  parish  of  St. 
George,  Halifax,  N.S.,  to  which  position  he 
went  at  Easter,  1882,  leaving  Rothesay  and 
the  diocese  of  Fredericton  with  much  reluc- 
tance. In  1884  he  received  his  degree  of 
D.D.  at  King's  College,  by  special  examina- 
tion, taking  the  cognate  dialects  of  the  Old 
Testament,  Chaldee,  Syriac,  and  Assyrian, 
as  the  subjects  of  his  theses.  In  1884  he 
was  appointed  secretary  of  the  diocese  of 
Nova  Scotia,  which  he  still  holds,  in  con- 
nection with  his  parish  of  St.  George.  In 
1882  he  restored  the  church,  and  in  1887 
built  new  schools.  In  1888  he  was  elected 
fellow  of  his  own  college,  St.  Augustine's, 
Canterbury,  an  honor  conferred  only  upon 
four  out  of  five  hundred  alumni,  "  in  con- 
sideration of  his  highly  honorable  career, 
and  the  great  services  he  has  rendered  to 
the  Canadian  church."  He  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Provincial  Synod  of  Canada  since 
1874,  and  has  served  on  several  of  its  com- 
mittees. In  the  year  1885-6  the  question 
of  the  confederation  of  the  colleges  in  the 
province  of  Nova  Scotia  was  warmly  dis- 
cussed, and,  after  mature  consideration,  he 
took  the  side  of  confederation,  advocating 
the  fusing  of  King's  and  Dalhousie  colleges, 
with  removal,  if  necessary,  of  King's  College 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


645 


to  Halifax.  Though  supported  by  many 
of  the  most  earnest  and  thoughtful  church- 
men, this  scheme  was  defeated  by  the  op- 
position of  the  graduates  of  King's  College, 
who  imagined  that  their  cherished  privi- 
leges were  being  betrayed.  In  spite,  how- 
ever, of  Dr.  Partridge's  views  on  the  con- 
federation question,  he  was  unanimously 
elected  a  governor  of  the  college  by  the 
Synod  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  1886.  He  has 
been  divinity  examiner  for  degrees,  also  for 
prize  essays  and  in  Hebrew,  at  the  college 
since  1884,  when  he  was  also  appointed  lec- 
turer in  apologetic  theology,  delivering  six 
lectures  on  this  subject  each  year.  He  has 
made  canon  law  a  special  study,  with  re- 
ference chiefly  to  its  bearing  on  the  church 
in  this  country.  But  his  chief  delight  is 
the  study  of  the  Old  Testament,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  recent  discoveries  in  Assyria 
and  Egypt,  which  throw  so  much  light  upon 
the  criticism  and  interpretation  of  the  Scrip- 
tures. He  has  delivered  many  popular  lec- 
tures upon  this  subject,  and  has  studied  the 
cuneiform  so  as  to  be  able  to  speak  with 
authority.  Dr.  Partridge  was  the  first  to 
take  up  church  army  work  in  Canada, 
which  he  introduced  into  hi«  parish  in  1886, 
being  anxious  to  adopt  every  measure  which 
would  influence  the  masses  for  good.  He 
has  for  many  years  been  an  advocate  of 
temperance,  and  total  abstinence  where  ne- 
cessary, and  is  the  chairman  of  the  Coffee 
House  Committee  in  Halifax,  which  has  been 
successful  in  making  temperance  coffee 
rooms  pay,  though  surrounded  by  taverns. 
He  is  vice-president  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land Institute;  president  of  the  Church 
Sunday  School  Teachers'  Association;  pre- 
sident of  St.  George's  Benefit  Society,  con- 
taining over  three  hundred  working  men  as 
members;  member  of  the  committee  of  the 
Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Animals,  and  president  of  the  Halifax  Emi- 
grants' Home.  He  is  an  ardent  Freemason, 
having  been  initiated  in  the  Royal  Lodge  of 
Faith  and  Friendship,  Berkeley,  England, 
in  1868.  He  received  his  W.M.  degree  in 
St.  Andrew's,  N.B.  He  joined  the  Royal 
Arch  Chapter  in  St.  Stephen,  N.B.,in  1869; 
R.  and  S.  Master's  in  St.  John,  in  1872;  K. 
T.  and  K.  M.  and  Red  Cross,  in  1873;  as- 
sisted in  forming  a  Consistory  32°  of  the 
Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  in  St. 
John;  and  has  filled  various  offices  in  con- 
nection therewith.  He  was  grand  chaplain 
of  the  Grand  Lolge  of  New  Brunswick  from 


1873  to  1879,  when  he  was  elected  deputy 
grand  master,  and  would  afterwards  have 
been  elected  grand  master  but  for  his  re- 
moval to  Halifax.  He  is  now  P.D.G.M.  and 
G.C.  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  found  the  A.  and 
A.  Scottish  Rite  in  a  moribund  condition  in 
Nova  Scotia,  and  rescusitated  it  and  organ- 
ized a  Consistory  32°,  of  which  he  was  the 
first  G.  Com.  In  1884  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Supreme  Council,  33°,  for 
the  Dominion  of  Canada,  and  appointed 
deputy  for  Nova  Scotia.  In  religion  the 
doctor  is  a  moderate  High  Churchman,  be- 
lieving thoroughly  in  the  doctrines  and  posi- 
tion of  his  own  church,  but  recognizing  the 
good  in  all.  He  has  published  various  ser- 
mons and  tracts.  He  married,  in  1868, 
Maria  Louisa,  youngest  daughter  of  John 
J.  Gillett,  of  Bristol,  England,  by  whom  he 
has  a  family  of  four  sons  and  four  daughters. 
Poupore,  William  Joseph,  Mill 
Owner,  Contractor  and  Farmer,  Chichester, 
province  of  Quebec,  M.P.P.  for  Pontiac,  is 
of  Norman-French  descent.  He  was  bom  on 
Allumette  Island,  P.Q.,  on  the  29th  April, 
1846.  His  parents  were  William  Poupore 
and  Susan  McAdam.  He  received  his  early 
educational  training  in  the  place  of  his 
birth,  and  completed  it  at  the  Ottawa  Com- 
mercial College.  He  also  studied  law  for  a 
year.  He  commenced  business  as  a  store- 
keeper at  Chichester  in  1870;  in  1872  he 
built  a  saw  and  carding  mill,  and  in  1875  a 
grist  mill,  in  the  same  village.  He  ceased 
this  line  of  business  in  1878,  and  began 
operations  as  a  contractor.  He  obtained 
a  contract  from  the  Dominion  govern- 
ment for  the  construction  of  the  Roche  - 
feudu  and  the  Calumet  dams,  which  were 
completed  in  1883.  In  1884  he  entered  into 
lumbering  operations,  and  in  1886  obtained 
the  government  contract  for  the  construc- 
tion of  the  du  Lievre  locks  and  dams,  and 
on  this  contract  he  is  still  engaged.  Mr. 
Poupore  was  warden  of  the  county  of  Pon- 
tiac from  1880  to  1881;  has  been  mayor  of 
Chichester  from  1872  to  the  present  (1888), 
and  from  1872  to  1882  was  chairman  of  the 
school  commissioners  of  Chichester.  He 
has  been  connected  with  the  Pontiac  and 
Pacific  Junction  Railway,  and  also  with  the 
Bryson  and  Calumet  bridge,  the  erection  of 
which  bridge  cost  $22,000.  Mr.  Poupore 
is  a  Conservative  in  politics,  and  first  took 
part  in  the  general  election  of  1878.  He 
was  returned  to  the  seat  he  now  occupies  in 
the  Quebec  legislature  in  March,  1882,  on 


646 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  death  of  T.  M.  Bryson,  the  sitting  mem- 
ber; and  at  the  general  election  of  1886 
was  re-elected,  beating  his  opponent,  Henry 
Porteous,  the  Liberal  candidate,  by  a  ma- 
jority of  1,147  votes.  In  religion  Mr.  Pou- 
pore  is  a  Roman  Catholic.  On  the  31st 
August,  1870,  he  was  married  to  Barbara 
Elenore,  second  daughter  of  John  Poupore, 
who  represented  Pontiac  in  the  Quebec 
legislature  from  1862  to  1875,  and  the  same 
county  from  1878  to  1882  in  the  House  of 
Commons  of  Canada,  when  he  retired  from 
public  life. 

Bourgeois,  Hon.  Jean  Baptiste, 
Three  Bivers,  Quebec,  was  born  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Dominique,  county  of  Bagot, 
Quebec,  on  the  19th  May,  1835.  He  is  the 
son  of  Frangois  Bourgeois  and  Scholastique 
Cote,  his  wife.  His  grandparents  came 
from  Acadia.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  educated  at  St.  Hyacinthe,  taking  a 
full  classical  course;  afterwards  studied  law 
in  the  offices  of  Maurice  Laframboise  and 
Augustine  C.  Papineau,  both  since  appoint- 
ed judges  of  the  Quebec  Superior  Court, 
and  was  called  to  the  bar  on  1st  May,  1858. 
At  the  bar  he  soon  distinguished  himself, 
especially  as  a  municipal  lawyer.  He  rose 
rapidly,  and  soon  took  his  place  among  the 
leading  lights  of  the  fraternity,  ranking  with 
such  foremost  lawyers  as  Messrs.  Sicotte, 
Chagnon,  and  others.  After  the  elevation 
of  Mr.  Sicotte  to  the  bench,  Mr.  Bourgeois 
was  the  acknowledged  head  of  the  bar  of 
St.  Hyacinthe,  and  for  sixteen  years  there- 
after he  enjoyed  a  large,  and,  needless  to 
say,  a  lucrative  practice.  He  was  appoint- 
ed one  of  the  judges  of  the  Superior  Court 
for  the  province  of  Quebec,  in  June,  1876  ; 
his  appointment  being  looked  upon  by  his 
numerous  friends  as  a  fitting  compliment 
to  his  learning,  ability,  and  integrity.  On 
his  appointment  he  moved  to  Aylmer,  the 
shire  town  of  Ottawa  county,  and  of  the  ju- 
dicial district  of  Ottawa,  which  includes  two 
counties.  Before  his  departure,  a  banquet 
was  tendered  him  by  the  leading  men  of  all 
parties,  who  took  this  opportunity  of  ex- 
pressing publicly  their  pleasure  in  the  just 
recognition  of  his  great  talents,  and  their 
sorrow  at  the  loss  to  the  city  of  so  worthy 
and  eminent  a  man.  In  November,  1880, 
he  was  removed  to  Three  Rivers,  chef -lieu 
of  the  judicial  district  of  the  same  name 
(the  most  important  judicial  district  of  the 
province  after  Montreal  and  Quebec).  Dur- 
ing his  law  practice  at  St.  Hyacinthe,  Mr. 


Bourgeois  was  in  partnership  with  the  late 
Hon.  P.  Kachaud,  provincial  treasurer  dur- 
ing the  Joly  administration ;  and  again  with 
the  Hon.  Honor^  Mercier,  who  was  solicitor- 
general  during  the  same  administration,  and 
who  is  now  premier  of  the  province.  Mr. 
Bourgeois  always  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  educational  and  municipal  affairs  of 
St.  Hyacinthe.  He  was  school  commissioner 
for  a  longtime;  alderman  for  several  years  ; 
president  of  the  Literary  Association,  and 
first  president  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Mis- 
sisquoi  Junction  Railway.  He  also  took 
great  interest  in  politics,  supporting  the 
Reform  party,  and  in  1874  was  a  candidate 
for  the  county  of  Bagot,  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  but  was  defeated  by  a  small  ma- 
jority by  J.  A.  Mousseau,  the  Conservative 
nominee.  On  the  6th  of  May,  1859,  Mr. 
Bourgeois  was  married  to  Mary  Frances, 
daughter  of  William  C.  Gilson,  of  Aylmer, 
and  has  had  issue  eight  children,  of  whom 
only  three,  two  daughters  and  a  son,  Co- 
rinne,  Adele,  and  John  F.  L.,  are  now  liv- 
ing. Judge  Bourgeois  is  in  every  sense  of 
the  word  a  self-made  man,  and  is  an  excel- 
lent example  of  what  can  be  accomplished 
by  push,  energy,  and  a  determination  to 
succeed.  His  father  was  only  a  day -laborer, 
and  unable  to  give  his  son  more  than  an 
elementary  education.  But  the  son,  nothing 
daunted,  determined  to  take  a  course  at  the 
Great  Seminary  at  St.  Hyacinthe  ;  and  to 
accomplish  this,  he  went  among  his  friends 
and  solicited  their  aid.  Seeing  the  pluck 
and  energy  of  the  lad,  his  appeal  was 
quickly  responded  to,  and  the  result  shows 
that  the  confidence  of  his  friends  of  his 
younger  days  was  not  misplaced,  but  was, 
on  the  contrary,  well-merited  and  worthily 
disposed. 

Hoiviii.  Charle§  Alphon§e,  Collec- 
tor of  Inland  Revenue,  St.  Hyacinthe,  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  was  born  the  25th  of  De- 
cember, 1844,  at  St.  Hyacinthe.  His  father, 
Leonard  Boivin,  was  a  successful  merchant, 
and  who,  previous  to  his  demise,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1868,  also  held  the  office  his  son  now 
holds.  His  mother,  Marie  Zoe  Lagorce,  is 
a  descendant  of  an  old  French  family,  who 
left  the  old  land  long  years  ago  and  settled 
in  the  New  France.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  educated  at  the  Seminary  at  St. 
Hyacinthe,  taking  a  classical  course  with 
honors.  After  leaving  college  in  1863,  he 
entered  mercantile  life  as  assistant  to  his 
father,  and  continued  in  business  until  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


647 


death  of  his  father,  January  18th,  1869, 
when  he  retired  to  assume  the  position  he 
now  occupies.  It  is  conceded  on  every 
hand,  by  all  who  have  had  business  re- 
lations with  him,  that  he  has  filled  the 
office  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  who  have 
had  to  deal  with  the  government  through 
him.  In  1869  he  passed  his  examination 
as  a  notary  for  the  province  of  Quebec.  A 
remarkable  fact  which  must  be  mentioned 
is  that  Mr.  Boivin  is  the  only  public  officer 
in  the  Dominion  who  never  took  part  in 
politics,  nor  did  he  ever  exercise  the  right 
to  vote,  yet  his  leanings  are,  and  always 
have  been,  Conservative.  He  is  a  Eoman 
Catholic  in  religion.  On1  January  25th, 
1871,  he  was  married  to  Marie  Julie  Valois, 
of  Quebec,  whose  father  was  a  customs  offi- 
cer for  many  years,  and  has  issue  seven 
children — four  boys  and  three  girls. 

II odder,  Edward  M.,  M.D.— The 
late  Dr.  Hodder  was  the  son  of  Captain 
Hodder,  R.N.,  and  was  born  December  30th, 
1810,  at  Sandgate,  Kent,  England.  He 
entered  the  navy  in  1822,  as  midshipman 
under  his  father,  but  only  took  one  cruise, 
leaving  the  service  at  the  expiration  of  one 
year,  having  a  strong  desire  to  study  medi- 
cine, for  which  profession  he  had  a  prefer- 
ence. Educated  as  a  boy,  first  at  Guernsey 
Grammar  School,  afterwards  at  St.  Servans, 
France,  he  began  his  medical  studies  in 
London,  under  the  late  Mr.  Amesbury,  very 
celebrated  as  a  surgeon,  with  whom  he  spent 
five  years.  At  the  close  of  his  career  as  a 
student,  he  passed  the  Royal  College  of 
Surgeons  of  England.  He  afterwards  went 
to  Paris,  where  he  spent  two  years  more  in 
the  study  of  his  profession,  and  subse- 
quently he  visited  Edinburgh,  and  there,  too, 
passed  a  considerable  time  in  seeing  the 
hospital  practice  of  the  then  famous  teach- 
ers of  that  city.  He  began  practice  in  Lon- 
don, where  he  remained  but  two  years, 
and  thinking  his  prospects  would  be  im- 
improved  by  removal  to  St.  Servans,  in 
France,  he  settled  there  for  a  time.  His 
French  home  being  too  quiet  for  his  tastes, 
after  remaining  a  single  year,  he  took  it 
into  his  head  to  visit  Canada,  in  1835,  re- 
turning to  France  again  in  a  few  months. 
For  the  next  three  years  he  practised  his 
profession  in  this  French  town,  when,  hav- 
ing still  a  longing  after  Canada  ever  since 
he  visited  it,  he  left,  never  to  return,  and 
henceforth  resolved  to  make  his  home  in  On- 
tario. He  settled  in  the  neighborhood  of 


Queenston,  in  the  Niagara  district,  where  he 
remained,  doing  a  very  extensive  practice, 
for  five  years.  In  1843  he  removed  to  To- 
ronto, where  he  continued  to  practise  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death.  In  1834  he  married 
Frances  Tench,  daughter  of  Captain  Tench, 
H.M.  87th  Royal  Irish  Fusiliers,  who  survives 
him.  Besides  his  widow,  he  leaves  a  large 
family  of  sons  and  daughters,  who  mourn 
the  loss  of  one  who,  year  by  year,  during 
a  long  and  most  active  life  was  ever  un- 
wearying for  their  comfort  and  happiness. 
In  1854  he  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Surgeons  of  England,  and  in 
1865  a  fellow  of  the  Obstetrical  Society  of 
London,  and  was,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
and  for  some  years  past,  one  of  its  honorary 
local  secretaries.  In  1845  he  received  the 
degree  of  C.M.  from  King's  College,  To- 
ronto, and  M.D.  from  Trinity  College  in 
1853.  In  1850  he  established,  in  concert 
with  Dr.  Bovell,  the  Upper  Canada  School 
of  Medicine,  which  that  year  became  the 
medical  department  of  Trinity  College.  For 
several  years,  while  Trinity  College  Medical 
School  was  in  abeyance,  Dr.  Hodder  was  a 
member  of  the  faculty  of  the  School  of 
Medicine.  But  on  the  revival  of  his  old 
school,  in  1870,  he  was,  by  the  unanimous 
wish  of  his  colleagues,  appointed  dean  of  the 
faculty,  which  position  he  held  at  the  time 
of  his  death — having  been  re -appointed  in 
1877,  when  the  act  incorporating  the  school 
passed  the  provincial  legislature.  From 
1852  to  1872  he  was  the  leading  member  of 
the  acting  staff  of  the  Toronto  General  Hos- 
pital, and  at  decease  was  senior  consulting 
surgeon  to  both  of  these  institutions,  as 
well  as  to  several  others  of  like  characterTx 
Although  devoted  to  his  professional  work, 
Dr.  Hodder  found  time  in  the  way  of  recrea- 
tion to  gratify  his  continued  love  for  the 
water.  He  was  mainly  instrumental  in 
forming  the  Royal  Canadian  Yacht  Club,  of 
which  he  was  commodore  for  many  years 
previous  and  up  to  his  death,  in  1877. 

Child,  M[arcu§.— The  late  Mr.  Child, 
of  Coaticook,  Quebec  province,  was  one  of 
the  early  settlers  of  the  Eastern  Townships, 
and  during  his  lifetime  took  an  active  in- 
terest in  public  affairs.  He  was  born  in 
West  Boylstone,  Mass.,  United  States,  in 
the  year  1792,  and  when  only  nineteen  years 
of  age,  came  to  Canada,  and  took  up  his 
abode  with  his  uncle,  Captain  Levi  Bige- 
low,  who  was  engaged  in  trade  at  the  place 
now  known  as  Derby  Line.  He  remained 


648 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


with  this  uncle  until  about  the  time  of  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war  of  1812,  when  he 
left  him,  and  commenced  business  on  his 
own  account  in  Stanstead  Plain,  and  was 
very  successful  in  trade.  He  was  early  ap- 
pointed postmaster  and  magistrate,  but 
was  deprived  of  his  office  of  postmaster  on 
the  outbreak  of  the  Canadian  rebellion  of 
1837-8,  on  account  of  his  political  views. 
Previous  to  1837  he  was  elected  to  represent 
his  county  in  the  Provincial  parliament  of 
Quebec,  and  after  the  union  of  the  provinces 
he  still  continued  to  sit  in  the  Legislature  of 
Canada.  In  1845  he  was  appointed  school 
inspector  for  the  district  of  St.  Francis.  In 
1855  he  removed  his  family  to  Coaticook, 
where  he  continued  to  reside  until  his  death, 
in  March,  1859,  leaving  many  to  regret  his 
early  demise,  but  feeling  that  one  who  had 
faithfully  performed  his  duty  in  this  world 
had  gone  to  his  reward  in  the  higher  life. 
In  1819  he  was  married  to  Lydia  Chad  wick, 
of  Worcester,  Mass.,  United  States,  by  whom 
he  had  two  children,  the  eldest  of  whom, 
wife  of  Lewis  Sleeper,  died  in  June,  1858; 
and  the  other,  the  mother  of  G.  M.  Child, 
in  February,  1878. 

OTcllioi,  Jo§epli  E  doiiard.  Advo- 
cate, Three  Eivers,  province  of  Quebec,  was 
born  in  the  parish  of  Ste.  Anne  de  la  Pe'rade, 
county  of  Champlain,  Quebec,  on  the  24th 
May,  1855.  He  is  the  son  of  Joseph  Teles- 
phore  Methot,  a  well-known  merchant,  and 
Celine  Mathe,  his  wife,  a  daughter  of  Olivier 
Mathe.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
educated  at  the  Three  Eivers  Seminary. 
Having  completed  his  course  in  that  insti- 
tution, he  was  admitted  to  the  study  of  the 
law  in  the  office  of  A.  Turcotte,  the  speaker 
of  the  Quebec  Legislative  Council,  and  waa 
called  to  the  bar  in  July,  1875.  That  he 
will  make  his  mark  as  one  of  the  fore- 
most men  in  his  profession,  is  looked  upon 
as  a  foregone  conclusion  by  his  friends.  A 
notable  case  which  brought  him  into  special 
prominence  was  the  question  which  was  of 
so  much  importance  to  commercial  travel- 
lers, and  which  was  contested  at  Three 
Eivers,  as  to  whether  the  corporation  by- 
law taxing  commercial  travellers  could  be 
enforced.  Mr.  Methot  so  ably  conducted 
the  case  against  the  municipal  authorities 
that  he  gained  it  for  his  clients,  and  at  the 
same  time  got  the  objectionable  by-law  an- 
nulled. He  is  a  Conservative  in  politics, 
and  has  been  the  attorney  for  the  members 
of  that  party  in  almost  all  the  election  peti- 


tions for  the  district  of  Three  Rivers  since 
1881.  He  served  in  the  79th  battalion  from 
1873  to  1878.  He  is  a  Eoman  Catholic  in 
religion.  He  was  married  on  the  12th 
January,  1881,  to  Alide,  daughter  of  L.  T. 
Dorias,  of  St.  Gregoire  le  Grand,  Quebec, 
M.P.P.  for  the  county  of  Nicolet. 

Ross,  Hon.  Jamc*  Git>t>,  Quebec, 
Senator  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  is  a 
merchant  in  the  ancient  capital,  occupying 
a  prominent  position  among  the  commercial 
men  of  the  city,  and  wields  an  influence 
over  several  branches  of  the  local  trade  and 
industry.  Hon.  Mr.  Eoss  is  eminently  a 
self-made  man.  He  was  born,  about  sixty- 
eight  years  ago,  in  the  small  village  of  Car- 
lake,  about  eighteen  miles  from  the  city  of 
Glasgow,  and,  after  receiving  such  education 
as  the  parish  school  could  afford,  came,  while 
still  young,  to  Canada,  where  he  entered 
as  a  clerk  the  office  of  his  maternal  uncle, 
the  late  James  Gibb,  president  of  the  Que- 
bec Bank,  and  then  doing  an  extensive 
wholesale  grocery  business  in  the  Lower 
Town  of  that  city.  Here  Mr.  Eoss  acquired 
his  business  training  and  habits  of  industry. 
On  the  uncle's  death,  Mr.  Eoss  continued  the 
business,  with  his  brother,  John  Eoss  ( de- 
ceased in  September,  1887 ),  and  the  partner- 
ship was  continued  down  to  1868,  when  it  was 
dissolved.  Long  before  this,  however,  Hon. 
Mr.  Eoss  had  begun  to  turn  his  attention  to 
other  investments  for  his  large  and  increas- 
ing capital.  The  ship-building  industry  at 
Quebec  was  then  in  its  palmiest  days,  and 
in  it  he  became  largely  interested,  advanc- 
ing large  sums  of  money  to  the  local 
ship -builders,  and  the  Western  timber  pro- 
ducers. From  ship-building  to  ship-own- 
ing there  was  but  a  step,  and  a  number 
of  his  vessels,  both  sail  and  steam,  soon 
dotted  the  St.  Lawrence.  He  also  purchased 
large  timber  limits,  built  mills,  became  in- 
terested in  railways,  steamboats,  etc.,  and 
by  this  means  helped  to  develop  to  a  large 
extent  the  resources  of  Canada  and  build  up 
the  local  industries  of  the  city  of  his  adop- 
tion. Quebec  owes  to  him,  in  a  large 
measure,  the  successful  construction  of  the 
Lake  St.  John  and  Quebec  Central  Eail- 
way,  and  few  local  undertakings  can  be 
specified  to  which  he  has  not  given  a  help- 
ing hand,  and  in  which  he  is  not  concerned. 
At  present,  although  a  wealthy  man,  he  is  still 
as  punctual  and  hard  working  as  the  hum- 
blest clerk  in  his  office.  He  is  to  be  found  at 
his  post  early  and  late,  and,  though  he  has 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


649 


considerably  restricted  his  shipping  interests 
of  recent  years,  his  investments  and  specu- 
lations in  other  directions  continue  as  exten- 
sive as  ever.  He  is  president  of  the  Que- 
bec Bank,  a  large  stockholder  in  other  insti- 
tutions, financial  and  industrial,  and  natu- 
rally wields  a  large  amount  of  local  influ- 
ence. A  Conservative  from  predilection, 
his  life  has,  nevertheless,  been  always  too 
busy  a  one  to  allow  of  his  taking  an  ac- 
tive part  in  politics.  However,  much  against 
his  will,  he  yielded  in  1873  to  the  solici- 
tations and  pressure  of  a  large  body  of 
his  fellow-citizens,  and  at  the  general 
election  of  that  year  for  the  Canadian 
House  of  Commons,  he  offered  himself  as 
a  candidate  for  Quebec  Centre  against  that 
veteran  politician,  the  late  Hon.  Joseph 
Cauchon,  then  the  vigorous  editor  of  Le 
Journal  de  Quebec,  and  afterwards  lieu- 
tenant-governor of  Manitoba,  The  division 
was  largely  inhabited  by  a  French- Canadian 
population,  party  feeling  ran  very  high  at 
the  time,  and  religious  and  national  preju- 
dices were  invoked  against  Mr.  Ross,  with 
the  result  that,  after  a  very  severe  and  ex- 
citing contest,  he  lost  his  election.  At  the 
general  elections  of  1878,  he  again  offered 
for  the  same  division,  against  Jacques  Mal- 
ouin,  who  had  succeeded  to  the  seat  after 
Mr.  Cauchon' s  appointment  to  the  lieuten- 
ant-governorship of  Manitoba,  but  was  again 
defeated.  But  in  January,  1884,  on  the 
death  of  the  Hon.  David  E.  Price,  he  was 
called  by  the  government  of  Sir  John  A. 
Macdonald,  to  the  great  satisfaction  of  the 
citizens  of  Quebec,  to  a  seat  in  the  Senate 
for  Les  Lauren  tides  division.  He  has  al- 
ways taken  a  deep  interet  in  the  political 
welfare  of  Canada. 

Nelson,  Hugh,  Victoria,  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  British  Columbia,  was  born  at 
Larne,  county  of  Antrim,  Ireland,  on  the 
25th  May,  1830.  He  settled  in  British 
Columbia  in  June,  1858,  and  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  until  1866,  when  he  be- 
came a  partner  in  the  lumbering  firm  of 
Moody,  Dietry  &  Nelson,  at  Burrard  Inlet. 
He  was  vice-president  and  manager  of  the 
Moody ville  Saw  Mill  Company  until  1882, 
when  he  retired  from  business.  In  November, 
1870  he  was  elected  to  represent  New  West- 
minster in  the  British  Columbia  legislature, 
which  seat  he  held  until  its  dissolution  in 
1871,  when  the  colony  entered  into  confedera- 
tion with  the  Dominion  of  Canada.  He  was 
then  returned  to  represent  the  same  constitu- 


ency in  November,  1871,  and  again  at  the 
general  election  in  1872  by  acclamation, when 
absent  from  the  province.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Yale  convention,  and  among  the 
first  promoters  of  confederation  in  British 
Columbia.  He  received  a  diploma  of  honor 
for  services  rendered  in  connection  with 
the  International  Fisheries  Exhibition,  in 
London,  England,  in  1883.  He  was  called 
to  the  Senate  of  Canada  on  the  12th  Decem- 
ber, 1879,  and  remained  until  the  8th  Febru- 
ary, 1887,  when  he  was  appointed  lieu- 
tenant-governor of  British  Columbia.  He 
was  married  on  the  17th  September,  1885, 
to  Emily,  youngest  daughter  of  the  late 
J.  B.  Staunton,  civil  service  of  Canada. 

Pug§lcy,  Hon.  William,  D.C.L.,  St. 
John,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Assembly 
of  New  Brunswick,  is  of  Loyalist  stock. 
One  of  his  paternal  ancestors  was  an  English- 
man, and  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  on 
the  Croton  river,  New  York.  After  the  Rev- 
olutionary war,  John  Pugsley,  the  great- 
grandfather of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
came  to  New  Brunswick  and  settled  on  the 
Hammond  river,  in  King's  county,  but 
afterwards  returned  to  New  York,  and  sub- 
sequently removed  to  England.  His  son, 
Daniel  Pugsley,  settled  in  Cardwell,  King's 
county,  N.B.  Hon.  William  Pugsley  is  a 
son  of  William  Pugsley,  sen.,  who  worked 
a  farm  with  much  success  near  Sussex, 
in  one  of  the  most  fertile  districts  of  New 
Brunswick.  Like  so  many  of  our  best  men, 
Mr.  Pugsley  received  his  education  in  the 
common  school.  Having  finished  his  pre- 
liminary studies  at  Sussex,  he  entered  the 
University  of  New  Brunswick,  at  Frederic- 
ton,  and  here  he  was  highly  successful.  In 
his  junior  year  he  was  gold  medallist,  and 
he  also  took  several  scholarships.  About 
this  time  the  Gilchrist  scholarships,  found- 
ed out  of  the  savings  of  a  wealthy  and  ec- 
centric Scottish  doctor,  were  thrown  open 
to  competition  in  the  provinces  of  the  Do- 
minion. Mr.  Pugsley  was  among  those  who 
tried  for  the  coveted  distinction,  and  in  1868 
took  second  place  in  the  list  of  competitors. 
He  took  his  degree  of  B.  A.  in  the  same  year. 
Shortly  afterwards  he  began  the  study  of 
the  law,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  the  27th 
June,  1872.  He  at  once  secured  a  large 
and  lucrative  practice,  and  soon  after  his 
admission  to  the  bar  was  appointed  reporter 
and  editor  of  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme 
Court  in  banco.  He  held  this  position  for 
ten  years.  Mr.  Pugsley  has  always  taken  a 


650 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


warm  interest  in  the  politics  of  his  native 
province.  For  some  years  back,  in  the 
local  house,  the  government  has  been  con- 
ducted by  a  virtually  coalition  cabinet.  Mr. 
Pugsley  is  an  Independent  Conservative, 
and  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Assembly  in 
July,  1885,  a  vacancy  having  been  created 
by  the  death  of  Dr.  Vail,  M.P.P.  In  the  de- 
bates of  the  house,  Dr.  Pugsley  at  once  came 
to  the  front,  and  was  considered  so  well  vers- 
ed in  parliamentary  procedure,  that  on  the 
3rd  March,  1887,  he  was  elected  speaker  of 
the  house.  In  this  position  his  wide  know- 
ledge of  law  as  well  as  his  acquaintance  with 
ihepersonnel  of  the  house  and  his  unfailing 
tact  and  good  judgment,  have  stood  him  in 
good  stead.  The  office  of  speaker  is  one 
which  calls  for  great  patience  and  circum- 
spection, and  it  is  also  one  which  is  eagerly 
sought  for  by  politicians  of  every  degree  of 
ability  and  popularity.  A  speaker  must  be 
also  possessed  of  great  swiftness  and  sure- 
ness  of  decision,  as  in  the  many  turns 
of  debate,  and  the  inevitable  clashing  of 
opinion  and  personal  jarrings,  a  delicate 
adjustment  of  the  rights  of  members  may 
come  up  for  settlement.  Mr.  Pugsley  has 
continued  his  early  love  of  scholastic  studies 
and  associations,  and  holds  the  degree  of 
D.C.L.  of  Fredericton  University.  In  re- 
ligious principles  he  is  a  Methodist.  He 
married,  on  the  6th  January,  1872,  Fannie, 
daughter  of  the  late  Thomas  Parks,  of  St. 
John.  Though  residing  at  Eothesay,  King's 
county,  he  practises  his  profession  in  St. 
John. 

Ml  a  veil,  John  Wallace,  Druggist, 
Orillia,  Ontario,  is  a  native  Canadian,  hav- 
ing been  born  in  the  county  of  Prince  Ed- 
ward, Ontario,  on  the  16th  August,  1834. 
His  father,  P.  Slaven,  and  mother,  Eliza 
Walsh,  both  come  from  the  county  of  Wex- 
ford,  Ireland.  Mr.  Slaven  received  his  edu- 
cational training  in  the  public  and  grammar 
schools  of  his  native  county.  He  holds  a 
medical  degree  from  an  American  medical 
school,  but  preferring  business,  he  has  never 
practised  his  profession.  He  first  commenc- 
ed the  drug  business  in  Wellington,  Prince 
Edward  county,  in  partnership  with  the  late 
Dr.  Archie  Campbell,  of  that  place,  and  in 
the  fall  of  1862  removed  to  Orillia,  where 
he  has  continued  the  business  with  fair  suc- 
cess up  to  the  present.  Mr.  Slaven  attended 
the  Military  School  at  Kingston,  and  in  1866 
graduated  from  that  institution.  He  after- 
wards became  lieutenant  and  then  captain  of 


the  7th  company  Simcoe  Foresters,  which 
position  he  held  for  some  time.  He  has  serv- 
ed several  years  in  the  Municipal  council 
of  Orillia,  and  was  deputy  reeve  of  the  same 
for  two  and  a  half  years,  He  was  elected 
once  by  a  large  majority  and  twice  by  ac- 
clamation. He  was  appointed  a  justice  of 
the  peace  for  the  county  of  Simcoe  by  the 
Mowat  government  about  eight  years  ago. 
Mr.  Slaven  is  public-spirited,  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  every  thing  that  tends  to 
advance  the  town  he  has  chosen  as  his  home. 
He  is  a  Conservative,  and  in  1882  was  in- 
duced to  enter  the  field  of  politics,  and  be- 
came a  candidate  of  his  party  for  the  On- 
tario legislature,  in  opposition  to  Charles 
Drury,  of  Oro  township,  Simcoe,  but  failed 
to  be  elected.  He  at  present  is  president  of 
the  Liberal-Conservative  Association  of  the 
riding  of  East  Simcoe.  He  has  found  some 
time  to  travel,  and  has  visited  the  Pacific 
coast,  the  West  Indies  and  many  other  parts 
of  the  North  American  continent.  In  religion 
Mr.  Slaven  belongs  to  the  Roman  Catholic 
church.  He  was  married  to  Maggie  Mc- 
Donell,  of  Barrie,  in  June,  1867. 

Pope,  Hon.  John  Henry,  Minis- 
ter of  Railways  and  Canals  for  the  Dominion 
of  Canada,  M.P.  for  Compton,  Quebec  pro- 
vince, was  born  in  1824,  and  received  his 
educational  training  in  the  High  School  at 
Compton,  P.Q.  The  earlier  period  of  his 
life  was  directed  to  agricultural  pursuits. 
Mr.  Pope  was  fond  of  military  life,  and  took 
a  lively  interest  in  the  volunteer  movement. 
He  commanded  the  Cookshire  Volunteer 
Cavalry  for  many  years,  and  retired  in  1862, 
retaining  his  rank  as  major.  He  is  presi- 
dent of  the  International  Railway  Company 
of  Maine,  and  also  of  the  Compton  Coloni- 
zation Society.  He  takes  a  deep  interest  in 
education,  and  for  many  years  has  been  a 
trustee  of  the  St.  Francis  College.  Rich- 
mond, P.Q.  He  is  also  a  director  of  the 
Eastern  Township  Bank.  In  1854,  at  the 
general  election  of  that  year,  Mr.  Pope 
offered  himself  as  a  candidate  for  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  of  Canada,  for  Compton, 
and  was  defeated  ;  but  in  1857  he  succeed- 
ed in  carrying  his  election,  and  sat  in  this 
legislature  until  the  union  of  the  provinces 
under  confederation.  He  was  then  elected  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons  by  accla- 
mation, and  has  been  returned  ever  since  by 
his  old  friends  each  time  he  has  appealed 
for  their  suffrages.  On  the  25th  October, 
1871,  Hon.  Mr.  Pope  was  sworn  in  a  mem- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


651 


ber  of  the  Privy  Council,  and  made  minister 
of  agriculture,  and  this  office  he  held  until 
the  defeat  of  the  Macdonald  ministry,  on 
the  Pacific  scandal  question,  in  November, 
1873,  when  he  retired  with  his  leader.  On 
the  return  of  his  party  to  power,  on  the  de- 
feat of  the  Mackenzie  administration,  he  was, 
on  the  17th  October,  1878,  reinstated  into 
his  old  office  of  minister  of  agriculture.  On 
the  25th  September,  1885,  he  was  made 
minister  of  railways  and  canals,  and  this 
office  he  still  retains.  During  the  summer 
of  1880  Hon.  Mr.  Pope,  in  company  with 
Sir  John  A.  Macdonald  and  Sir  Charles 
Tupper,  visited  England,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  negotiations  which  led  to  the 
Pacific  railway  contract,  subsequently  rati- 
fied by  parliament.  He  is  a  Liberal- Con- 
servative in  politics.  The  Hon.  Mr.  Pope  is 
not  given  to  debate,  but  whatever  he  has  to 
say,  in  or  out  of  parliament,  he  says  with  a 
terse  vigor  and  conciseness  of  language 
that  make  a  mockery  of  ornate  phrases.  He 
has  the  disposition  to  work,  an  intelligent 
appreciation  of  the  wants  of  the  country, 
and  a  well-studied  parliamentary  experience 
of  nearly  half  an  average  lifetime. 

Sliorey,  Holll§,  Wholesale  Clothier, 
Montreal,  was  born  in  Barnston,  Eastern 
townships,  Quebec  province,  on  the  2nd 
December,  1823.  His  father,  Samuel  E. 
Shorey,  who  was  of  English  descent,  was  a 
native  of  the  United  States,  but  came  to 
Canada  when  a  lad  of  eight  years  of  age. 
On  reaching  manhood,  he  married  Fanny 
Jones,  of  Three  Rivers,  Quebec  province, 
who  was  of  Welsh  descent,  and  to  this 
couple  was  born  the  subject  of  our  sketch. 
Hollis  Shorey  was  sent  to  the  academy 
at  Hatley,  Eastern  Townships,  where  he 
took  a  commercial  course  of  education. 
On  leaving  school,  having  reached  the  age 
of  sixteen  years,  he  entered  himself  as  an 
apprentice  to  a  local  tailor,  and  having  faith- 
fully served  the  allotted  term,  he  began 
business  on  his  own  account,  at  Barnston, 
his  capital  amounting  to  a  very  small  sum. 
Just  as  he  had  reached  his  nineteen  thy  ear, 
his  father  died,  and  the  responsibility  of 
assisting  to  bring  up  a  family  of  eight 
children  was  thrust  upon  him.  Mr.  Shorey 's 
first  essay  at  his  trade  was  the  making  of 
men's,  boys'  and  youths'  clothing  for  cus- 
tomers who  found  their  own  cloth.  He 
then  took  in  a  partner,  and  for  four  years 
they  worked  together  amicably,  keeping  a 
general  store  as  well  as  a  tailoring  establish- 


ment, but  at  the  end  of  this  period  he  made 
certain  discoveries  not  at  all  to  the  credit 
of  his  partner,  and  a  dissolution  of  the  part- 
nership ensued.  This  threw  Mr.  Shorey 
again  back  to  his  starting-point,  but  he  was 
not  discouraged.  A  short  time  after  this 
event  he  entered  into  partnership  with  F. 
&  J.  H.  Judd,  which  continued  for  four 
years,  when  he  left  the  place  and  came  to 
the  city  of  Montreal.  This  was  in  1861. 
Here  he  found  employment,  and  for  six 
years  travelled  for  the  firms  of  Macf arlane  & 
Baird  and  Wm.  Stephens  &  Co.  (the  now  Sir 
George  Stephens  being  then  a  member  of 
the  latter  firm),  soliciting  orders  for  ready- 
made  clothing,  dry  goods,  etc.  His  field  of 
operation  was  chiefly  in  the  Eastern  Town- 
ships, and  he  made  many  friends  during  his 
journeys.  Getting  thoroughly  tired  of 
travel,  he  resolved  to  begin  business  again 
on  his  own  account,  and  then  was  laid, 
December  1866,  the  foundation  of  one  of  the 
largest  wholesale  clothing  establishments  in 
the  Dominion.  After  two  years  he  took  in  as 
a  partner  his  son-in-law,  E.  A.  Small,  to  as- 
sist him.  This  partnership  lasted  for  about 
eighteen  years  when  it  was  dissolved,  and 
Mr.  Shorey  then  associated  with  him  as  part- 
ners his  two  sons,  S.  O.  Shorey  and  C.  L. 
Shorey,  who  before  this  time  had  been  very 
successful  travellers  for  the  old  firm.  They 
now  employ  as  outside  hands,  tailors,  etc., 
1450  persons,  and  150  more  hi  the  estab- 
lishment. The  firm,  we  are  told,  deals  very 
liberally  with  their  employees,  and  the  most 
kindly  feelings  exist  between  them  and  their 
employers.  For  about  fifteen  years  Mr. 
Shorey  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trade  of  the  city  of  Montreal,  and  takes  a 
deep  interest  in  all  its  proceedings.  During 
the  small  pox^jpidemic,  in  1885,  he  was 
chairman  of  the  citizen  committee,  which 
did  so  much  to  alleviate  the  sufferings  of 
those  afflicted  by  the  pest,  and  remove 
the  causes  that  produced  it.  Mr.  Shorey 
has  travelled  a  good  deal,  and  found  time 
to  visit  the  continent  of  Europe,  as  well  as 
the  United  States.  In  religion  he  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  has 
been  twice  married.  First,  in  1844,  he  es- 
poised  Fanny  Wheeler  of  Barnston.  pro- 
vf  ice  of  Quebec,  who,  dying  in  1850,  left 
two  children,  a  boy  and  girl,  and  since  then 
he  has  been  united  to  Clara  Gilson,  of  Ver- 
mont, who  has  also  borne  him  a  boy  and  a 
girl.  His  four  children  are  all  married,  and 
he  has  now  fourteen  grand-children. 


652 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Tomkf  n§,  Rev.  John.— The  late  Rev. 
Mr.  Tomkins,  during  his  lifetime  a  minister 
of  the  Methodist  church,  was  born  Nov.  12th, 
1797,  in  the  county  of  Stafford,  England. 
His  father,  James  Tomkins,  and  also  his 
grandfather  and  great  grandfather  were 
natives  of  the  city  of  Hereford,  and  as  his 
parents  returned  thither  shortly  after  his 
birth,  he  was  accustomed  to  speak  of  that 
ancient  cathedral  town,  as  his  native  city. 
His  parents  were  devout  members  of  the 
Established  church,  and  in  that  church  his 
early  religious  training  was  received.  He 
was  naturally  serious  and  thoughtful,  and 
while  still  a  lad  was  led  through  the  preach- 
ing of  a  devout  Anglican  clergyman,  the 
Rev  C.  Glasscott,  to  turn  his  attention 
earnestly  to  religious  concerns.  It  was, 
however,  through  the  preaching  of  a  Wes- 
leyan  Methodist  minister,  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Adams,  that  he  found  that  rest  of  spirit 
which  he  had  sought  in  vain  for  several 
years,  in  attendance  upon  the  ordinances  of 
his  own  communion.  He  immediately  un- 
ited with  the  Wesleyan  society,  and  soon  be- 
gan to  exercise  his  talents  as  a  local  preacher. 
Feeling  called  to  devote  himself  wholly  to 
the  work  of  the  ministry,  he  abandoned  his 
worldly  pursuits,  and  after  due  training, 
sought  and  obtained  ordination  in  the  old 
Spitalb'elds  Chapel,  London,  at  the  hands 
of  that  distinguished  divine,  the  Rev.  Rich- 
ard Watson,  on  the  18th  of  April,  1827.  A 
few  days  after  he  left  his  native  shores  for- 
ever, to  engage  in  missionary  labor,  first  in 
Newfoundland  and  after  in  Canada.  After 
a  tedious  voyage  of  nine  weeks,  he  re&ched 
St.  John's  on  the  22nd  of  June,  1827.  His 
first  appointment  was  to  Hants  Harbor,  a 
small  fishing  station,  with  less  than  three 
hundred  inhabitants.  Here  he  labored  one 
year,  and  was  then  removed  to  Bona  Vista, 
and  the  year  following  to  Trinity,  where  he 
spent  two  years.  Two  more  years  were 
spent  at  St.  Johns  and  Harbor  Grace. 
During  these  six  years  of  arduous  toil  among 
the  scattered  fishermen  of  Newfoundland,  he 
endured  many  hardships,  and  on  one  oc- 
casion came  near  perishing  of  cold  and 
hunger,  having  lost  his  way  in  a  snow  storm, 
while  travelling  on  foot  with  another  mis- 
sionary, the  Rev.  Mr.  Knight,  from  one 
station  to  another.  In  June,  1833,  he  was 
removed  to  the  city  of  Quebec,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years.  At  the  expiration  of  'his 
time  he  received  his  first  appointment  to  the 
Eastern  Townships,  where  he  spent  forty- 
three  years  of  his  active  ministry  and  thir- 
teen years  in  a  superannuated  relation.  His 
first  circuit  was  the  St.  Armand,  extending 


from  the  Richelieu  river  to  Sutton,  a  dis- 
tance of  about  fifty  miles.  The  Rev.  John 
Borland  was  associated  with  Mr.  Tomkins 
on  this  field  of  labor,  which  has  since  been 
divided  into  about  seven  circuits  In  the 
year  1836  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  church 
had  in  Lower  Canada,  including  the  cities 
of  Montreal,  Quebec  and  Kingston,  four- 
teen circuits,  and  a  membership  of  about  as 
many  hundred.  At  the  time  when  Mr. 
Tomkins  closed  his  ministry,  there  were 
within  the  same  territory  eighty-one 
circuits,  or  stations,  and  the  number  of 
members  had  increased  fivefold.  From  St. 
Armand  Mr.  Tomkins  was  removed  to 
Odelltown,  where  he  spent  two  years.  His 
subsequent  appointments  were  as  follows  : — 
In  1838,  he  went  to  Shefford,  when,  he  spent 
three  years,  in  ]841  to  Compton,  where  he 
remained  three  years.  In  1844  he  returned 
to  Odelltown,  and  spent  three  years.  In 
1847  to  Dunham,  three  years,  and  in  1851, 
he  was  moved  to  Stanstead  where  he  spent 
four  years.  In  1854  he  was  chosen  chair- 
man of  the  Stanstead  district,  which  office 
he  held  during  the  following  six  years.  In 
1855  he  removed  to  Clarenceville,  and 
thence,  in  1858,  to  Dunham,  for  a  second 
term  of  service.  In  1861  he  was  re-ap- 
pointed to  Shefford,  and  during  the  two 
years  of  his  pastorate  there  he  held  the  office 
of  Financial  Secretary  of  the  district.  In  the 
year  1863  he  was  again  appointed  to  SUn- 
stead,  and  re-elected  to  the  chairmanship, 
which  he  held,  with  an  interruption  of  a  little 
more  than  a  year,  till  the  time  of  super- 
annuation. In  1866  Mr.  Tomkins  removed 
to  Hatley,  where  he  spent  three  years,  and 
in  the  summer  of  1869  he  retired  from 
active  work  and  took  up  his  residence  at 
Stanstead,  where  he  remained  till  the  close 
of  his  long  and  useful  life,  and  where  he 
continued  to  assist  by  every  means  in  his 
power  in  advancing  the  interests  of  his 
Master's  cause.  As  a  man,  Mr.  Tomkins 
was  of  a  mild  and  equal  temperament,  of  a 
most  affectionate  disposition,  and  of  a  char- 
acter marked  by  singular  transparency  and 
simplicity.  His  judgment  was  reliable 
in  matters  connected  with  the  interests  of 
the  church,  his  conclusions  being  generally 
justified  by  the  event.  As  a  preacher,  he 
was  clear  in  exposition,  sound  in  doctrine 
and  happy  in  expression,  often  rising  into 
true  eloquence  as  he  kindled  with  his  theme. 
All  his  ministrations  were  marked  by  deep 
and  serious  feeling,  and  he  impressed  his 
hearers  by  being  so  evidently  impressed 
himself.  As  a  pastor  he  was  at  once  tender 
and  faithful,  ai?d  his  name  and  memory  are 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


653 


still  loved  and  honored  wherever  he  ex- 
ercised his  ministry.  He  departed  this  life 
September  21st,  1881 ,  in  the  eighty-fourth 
year  of  his  age,  having  been  a  Methodist 
preacher  for  fifty-three  years.  In  February, 
1836,  he  was  married  to  Maria  Whitcher, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Isaac  Whitcher,  of  Stan- 
stead,  Quebec  province.  His  son,  Edwin 
F.  Tomkins,  is  at  the  head  of  the  Cascade 
Narrow  Fabric  Company,  Coaticook,  P.Q. , 
and  was  the  first  to  introduce  into  Canada 
the  manufacture  of  mohair  braid,  etc. 

Unswortti,  Jo§eph  Lennon,  Char- 
lettetown,  Prince  Edward  Island,  acting  su- 
perintendent of  the  Prince  Edward  Island 
railway,  was  born  in  Liverpool,  Great 
Britain,  May  12th,  1840.  His  father  was 
James  Stanley  Unsworth,  and  his  mother 
Mary  Hat  ton,  who  was  a  sister  of  the  cele- 
brated music  composer,  John  L.  Hatton,  of 
London,  England.  Mr.  Unsworth,  senior, 
was  born  in  Goshen,  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  county  of  Lancashire,  of  an  old-time 
family.  An  ancient  tradition  published  in 
"The  Pictorial  History  of  the  County  of 
Lancaster,"  gives  the  following  legend  of  the 
Unsworth  family  :  l '  One  of  the  most  inter- 
esting places  in  this  part  of  the  country,  at 
Goshen,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  on  the 
south  side  of  Bury,  is  an  old  farm-house, 
the  residence  in  former  times  of  a  family  of 
some  note,  and  still  occupied  by  a  lineal 
descendant.  The  family  of  Unsworth  has 
possessed  this  property,  according  to  tradi- 
tion, ever  since  the  time  of  the  conquest, 
and  there  are  certainly  relics  to  prove  its 
antiquity.  Amongst  other  curiosities,  the 
house  contains  a  carved  oak  table,  which  is 
a  source  of  some  interest  as  being  connected 
with  an  old  legend.  *The  story  is  that  in 
olden  times  there  lived  near  here  a  fierce 
and  terrible  dragon,  which  resolutely  defied 
the  prowess  of  sundry  brave  heroes,  who 
would  fain  have  immortalized  their  names 
by  freeing  the  country  from  such  a  scourge. 
One,  Thomas  Unsworth,  a  warrior  of  the 
beforementioned  family,  more  courageous, 
or  more  fortunate,  than  the  rest,  at  last  suc- 
ceeded in  the  attempt,  which  he  accom- 
plished in  a  manner  that  certainly  did  much 
credit  to  his  ingenuity.  Finding  that  bul- 
lets were  of  no  avail,  he  inserted  his  dagger 
in  a  petronel,  and,  rousing  the  anger  of  the 
dragon,  shot  it  under  the  throat  at  the 
moment  of  raising  its  head.  The  table  was 
made  after  this  event,  and,  it  is  said,  carved 
with  the  dagger  by  which  the  monster  was 
shot.  Round  the  table  are  St.  George  and 
the  dragon,  the  lion  and  unicorn,  the  Derby 
crest,  and  the  veritable  dragon  which  the 


aforesaid  Thomas  Unsworth  killed.  There 
is  also  hung  over  the  table  in  the  old 
parlour,  a  painting  of  the  Unsworth  arms, 
which  were  given  them  in  former  times  for 
deeds  of  honor,  surmounted  by  another 
carving  of  the  dragon.  The  crest  is  a  man 
in  black  armour,  holding  a  hatchet  in  his 
hand,  and  it  is  said  to  be  the  portrait  of  the 
renowned  family  ancester,  in  the  armour 
which  he  wore  during  the  battle,  and  in 
which  he  was  encased  at  the  time  he  per- 
formed the  celebrated  feat  which  won  him 
so  much  fame.  Whatever  credence  may  be 
given  to  this  story  (and  the  present  family 
firmly  believe  in  its  truth,),  it  is  certain  that 
a  portion  of  land  was  once  granted  to  one  of 
their  ancestors  for  having  freed  the  country 
from  some  dire  monster,  of  whatever  kind 
it  might  be,  and  of  course  the  property 
granted  was  that  said  to  be  the  favorite  re- 
sort of  the  dragon  ;  nor  is  it  improbable 
that  the  large  and  adjoining  township  of 
Unsworth,  has  originally  derived  its  name 
from  some  one  of  this  family.  They  also 
possess  several  very  old  books,  treasured 
with  due  ancestral  pride,  and  other  relics 
more  or  less  interesting."  Mr.  Unsworth, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch,  received  his  edu- 
cation in  Montreal,  and  at  St.  Hyacinthe,  in 
the  province  of  Quebec.  Shortly  after 
leaving  school,  in  1855,  he  entered  the 
service  of  the  Grand  Trunk  railway  com- 
pany, at  Longueuil,  as  an  apprentice,  under 
W.  S.  McKenzie,  and  was  employed  by  that 
company  until  March,  1872.  From  May, 
of  the  same  year,  to  November,  1874,  he 
was  engaged  on  construction  of  the  Inter- 
colonial railway  between  Riviere  du  Loup 
and  Causapscal  ;  from  November,  1874,  to 
November,  1881,  he  was  master  mechanic  on 
the  same  railway  at  Riviere  du  Loup,  and 
from  November,  1881,  to  May,  1887,  he  was 
mechanical  superintendent  of  the  Govern- 
ment railways  in  Prince  Edward  Island ,  and 
fzonxMay,  1887,  to  the  present  time  (Feb. , 
1888),  in  addition  to  the  latter  duties,  he 
has  been  the  acting  general  superintendent 
of  the  above  government  railways.  For  six 
years  he  was  lieutenant  in  the  Grand  Trunk 
railway  volunteer  regiment.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Canadian  society  of  civil  engin- 
eers. Mr.  Unsworth,  during  his  busy  life, 
has  found  time  to  devote  to  travelling, 
having  crossed  the  Atlantic  and  visited  his 
fatherland.  He  has  also  travelled  the 
greater  part  of  Eastern  Canada  and  the 
United  States.  In  religion  he  is  an  adher- 
ant  of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  was  mar- 
ried June  27th,  1866,  to  Mary  Jane  Lomas, 
daughter  of  Adam  Lomas,  woollen  manu- 


654 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


facturer,  of  Sherbrooke,  P.Q.,  and  sister  of 
Alexander  Gait  Lomas,  mayor  of  Sher- 
brooke. 

Shearer,  James  Trail  I,  Contractor, 
Montreal,  is  a  specimen  of  what  well-direct- 
ed energy  and  perseverance  can  accomplish. 
Born  at  Rosegill,  parish  of  Dunnet,  not 
many  miles  from  far-famed  John  O'Groat's, 
Caithness-shire,  Scotland,  on  the  31st  of 
July,  1822,  he  received  his  education  in  the 
parish  school  of  Dunnet,  and  at  Castletown, 
in  the  same  county.  Leaving  school  before 
he  had  scarcely  entered  his  teens,  he  was 
obliged  like  many  a  lad  in  the  far  north  of 
Scotland,  to  begin  work  early,  and  was  ac- 
cordingly apprenticed  to  a  carpenter  and 
millwright  in  the  village  of  Castletown,  and 
with  him  he  faithfully  served  the  alloted 
term.  To  perfect  himself  in  his  trade,  he  re- 
moved to  Wick,  and  worked  for  about  a  year 
under  D.  Miller,  a  builder,  who  was  erect- 
ing a  church  in  Putneytown.  When  he 
reached  his  twenty-first  year  he  resolved  to 
try  his  fortune  in  Canada,  and  taking  passage 
in  a  sailing  vessel,  on  30th  May,  1848,  reach- 
ed Montreal,  where  he  has  ,  since  resided. 
Shortly  after  his  arrival  he  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  Edward  Maxwell,  an  extensive  car- 
penter and  builder,  as  a  general  house- joiner 
and  stair-builder,  branches  of  the  business  at 
which  he  was  very  proficient.  After  termi- 
nating a  three  years'  engagement  with  Mr. 
Maxwell,  he  went  to  Quebec  city  to  take 
charge  of  the  joiner  and  carpenter  work  on 
a  new  bomb-proof  hospital  then  being  built 
by  the  British  government  on  Cape  Dia- 
mond. Finishing  the  job  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  British  officers  in  charge, 
he  returned  to  Montreal,  and  began  the 
study  of  steamboat  architecture,  especially 
cabin  work,  and  soon  became  an  adept  at 
the  business.  Work  flowed  in  upon  him, 
and  he  found  many  customers,  among  others 
the  late  John  Molson  and  David  Torrance, 
for  whom  he  fitted  up  many  steamboats  for 
the  St.  Lawrence  and  Ottawa  rivers,  and 
he  still  carries  on  very  extensively  this 
branch  of  business,  along  with  the  manu- 
facture of  other  kinds  of  wood- work  for 
house  building  purposes.  Mr.  Shearer  is 
the  inventor  of  what  is  known  as  the  hollow 
roof,  for  houses  and  large  public  build- 
ings, which  is  considered  the  best  suited 
to  the  climate  of  Montreal.  This  roof  is  of 
a  concave  design,  and  carries  the  water 
down  the  inside  of  the  building,  instead  of 
the  outside,  thereby  avoiding  the  freezing 
up  of  pipes.  It  was  used  on  the  Windsor 
hotel,  Montreal,  and  has  since  been  adopted 
generally  throughout  America.  He  has  also 


been  the  chief  promoter  of  what  is  known 
as  the  ''Shearer  scheme,"  the  object  of 
which  is  to  improve  the  harbor  of  Mont- 
real and  prevent  the  flooding  of  the  city, 
but  owing  to  the  strong  opposition  urged 
against  it  by  the  Grand  Trunk  authorities, 
he  has  had  to  abandon  it  for  the  present. 
However,  it  will  have  to  be  considered  at  no 
distant  day.  If  once  adopted  it  will  greatly 
improve  the  harbor  of  Montreal,  and  prove 
a  source  of  wealth  to  the  inhabitants.  The 
plans  are  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Do- 
minion government,  and  although  he  has 
twice  applied  for  an  act  of  incorporation  for 
the  "  St.  Lawrence  Bridge  and  Manufac- 
turing Company,"  who  are  prepared  to  carry 
it  to  completion,  he  has  not  yet  succeeded 
in  getting  this  company  incorporated.  Mr. 
Shearer  a  few  years  ago 'designed  and  built 
for  himself  a  house  on  Mount  Royal,  and  it 
is  perhaps  the  best  finished  house  in  that  city 
of  fine  dwellings,  all  the  internal  work 
being  of  purely  Canadian  wood.  The  view 
from  it  is  most  charming,  and  cannot  be 
surpassed  in  the  Dominion.  A  visitor  can 
take  in  at  a  glance  the  Chambly  hills,  Belle 
Isle,  Mount  Johnston,  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence for  many  miles,  the  Victoria  bridge, 
the  Lachine  rapids,  and  the  full  extent  of 
the  beautiful  city  of  Montreal.  In  politics 
Mr.  Shearer  is  a  Liberal ;  and  in  religion 
one  of  those  who  does  his  own  thinking, 
and  has  no  objection  to  others  doing  the 
same.  He  was  married  in  Montreal,  on  the 
23rd  of  June,  1848,  to  Eliza  Graham,  and 
the  fruit  of  the  union  has  been  eight 
children.  The  two  eldest  sons  are  now  en- 
gaged with  their  father  in  business. 

Armour,  Hon.  John  Douglas, 
Cobourg,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench,  was  born  in  the  township  of  Otona- 
bee,  Peterborough  county,  Ontario,  on  the 
4th  May,  J  830.  He  ia  the  youngest  son 
of  the  late  Rev.  Samuel  Armour,  who  was 
for  many  years  rector  of  Cavan,  county  of 
Durham,  and  was  during  his  lifetime  wide- 
ly and  favorably  known  through  that  part 
of  Upper  Canada.  In  his  boyhood  Judge 
Armour  attended  the  schools  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  his  home,  and  on  the  27th  Jan- 
uary, 1843,  entered  as  a  student  Upper 
Canada  College,  Toronto.  In  1847  he  ma- 
triculated at  King's  College  (now  Toronto 
University),  and  his  career  at  college  was 
very  creditable.  He  gained  the  first  uni- 
versity-scholarship in  classics,  and  subse- 
quently the  Wellington  scholarship.  He 
graduated  in  1850,  carying  off  the  gold 
medal  in  classics.  This  same  year  he  en- 
tered the  office  of  his  brother,  Robert  Ar- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


655 


mour,  and  began  the  study  of  law,  and 
completed  it  in  the  office  of  the  late  Hon. 
P.  M.  M.  VanKoughnet,  who  afterwart'g 
became  Chancellor  of  Upper  Canada.  He 
was  called  to  the  bar  in  Michaelmas  term, 
1853,  and  removing  to  Cobourg,  began  to 
practise  his  profession  there,  forming  a 
partnership  with  Sidney  Smith,  who  some 
years  afterward  became  postmaster -general 
of  Canada.  This  partnership  lasted  until 
the  7th  November,  1857,  when  Mr.  Ar- 
mour began  to  practise  alone.  He  subse- 
quently formed  a  partnership  with  H.  F. 
Holland,  which  lasted  between  three  and 
four  years,  when  Mr.  Armour  was  raised  to 
the  bench,  and  a  dissolution  consequently 
followed.  During  these  years,  various 
public  offices  were  held  by  Mr.  Armour 
from  time  to  time.  On  the  28th  March, 
1858,  he  was  appointed  county  attorney  of 
the  united  counties  of  Northumberland 
and  Durham,  and  during  the  following 
year  he  held  the  position  of  warden  of 
those  counties.  On  the  2nd  May,  1861,  he 
was  appointed  clerk  of  the  peace  for  the 
same  counties.  On  the  8fch  January,  1859, 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Senate  of 
the  University  of  Toronto.  On  the  26th 
June,  1867,  he  was  created  a  Queen's 
counsel.  In  1871  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Law  Society  of  Upper  Canada, 
and  on  the  30th  of  November,  1877,  was 
appointed  puisne*  judge  of  the  Court  of 
Queen's  Bench,  a  position  he  has  ever  since 
filled  with  honor  and  dignity.  Hon.  Judge 
Armour  is  a  man  of  wide  reading,  multifa- 
rious knowledge,  and  great  shrewdness 
and  common  sense.  By  heredity  and  tra- 
dition he  is  a  Conservative  both  in  religion 
and  politics,  but,  nevertheless,  he  is  a 
Liberal  in  thought  and  education,  and  a 
firm  believer  in  the  great  future  the  land  of 
his  birth  has  before  her.  On  the  28th  of 
April,  1855,  he  married  Eliza  Church, 
daughter  of  the  late  Freeman  S.  Church, 
of  Cobourg,  by  whom  he  hasThad  eleven 
children,  ten  of  whom  are  now  living. 

Molony,  Thomas  J.,  LL.B.,  Advo- 
cate, Quebec,  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Quebec  bar,  and  one  of  the  representative 
Irishmen  of  the  ancient  capital,  honored 
with  the  confidence  of  his  own  element  and 
esteemed  by  all  classes  of  the  community 
for  his  abilities  as  a  lawyer,  and  his  ster- 
ling integrity  as  a  professional  man  and  a 
citizen.  He  was  born  at  Kingston,  Ontario, 
on  the  4th  July,  1846,  and  is  the  youngest- 
son  of  the  late  John  Molony,  and  his  wife, 
Catherine  O'Connor,  of  that  city.  Thus  on 
both  sides,  he  sprang  from  good  old  Irish 


stocks.  His  father's  family  were  natives  of 
the  County  Clare,  Ireland.  McGeogeghan, 
the  Irish  historian,  ranks  the  Molonys 
among  the  oldest  settlers  of  the  Green  Isle, 
and  the  county  of  Clare  is  the  par  of  <  it 
around  which  the  traditions  of  the  family  or 
sept  have  principally  clustered  from  time 
immemorial.  The  old  family,  too,  seem  to 
have  retained  their  territorial  influence  and 
social  importance  in  the  home  of  their 
ancestors  down  to  a  comparatively  recent 
date.  Up  to  the  celebrated  Daniel  O'Con- 
nell's  time,  they  appear  to  have  practically 
controlled  the  representation  of  Clare  in 
Parliament,  and  readers  of  Irish  history  will 
readily  recall  the  name  of  Sheriff  Molony, 
in  connection  with  the  memorable  election 
for  that  county  which  resulted  in  the  signal 
defeat  of  Vesey  Fitzgerald  and  the  English 
government,  and  opened  the  door  of  the 
British  Parliament  to  the  great  Irish  Lib- 
erator, and  to  Catholic  Emancipation. 
Burke,  in  his  genealogy  of  the  Landed  Gen- 
try of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  says,  pp. 
1022-3  ;  speaking  of  their  lineage  :  — 

The  Milesian  family  of  Molony  is  one  of  great 
antiquity  in  the  sister  island.  O'Halloran  (Hist,  of 
Ireland,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  498),  says  :  From  Cormac 
Gas  (who  was  of  the  line  of  Heber,  eldest  son  of 
Milesius)  are  descended  1st,  O'Brien,  chief  of 
Thomond  ....  Besides  these  hereditary  officers 
the  following  noble  families  are  derived  from  this 
great  source  :  O'Dea,  .  .  .  O'Mollowney  and 
others,  and  in  his  "  List  of  Ancient  Irish  Ter- 
ritories, and  by  what  Milesian  families  possessed 
before  and  after  the  invasion  of  Henry  II,"  Ceil- 
tannan,  (otherwise  Kiltanon)  is  mentioned  among 
the  rest  as  the  estate  of  O'Molony.  The  Molonys 
were  formerly  princes  of  Clare,  where  they  pos- 
sessed a  large  tract  of  country  called  the  O'- 
Molony's  Lands,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  old 
maps  of  that  county.  In  Catholic  times,  three 
members  of  the  family  attained  the  mitre,  as  ap- 
pears from  the  epitaph  on  the  tomb  of  John 
O'Molony,  Bishop  of  Limerick  in  1687  (second 
son  of  John  O'Molony,  of  Kiltanon),  who 
after  the  siege  of  that  city,  followed  King  James 
II.  to  Paris,  where  he  assisted  in  the  foundation 
of  a  university  for  the  education  of  I  rish  priests, 
in  the  chapel  belonging  to  which  he  was  buried  in 
1702.  The  bishop's  nephew,  James  Molony, 
of  Kiltanon,  the  first  of  the  family  who  laid  aside 
the  prefix  "0,"  served  first  in  King  James'  army, 
but  subsequently  sided  with  William. 

Mr.  Molony's  maternal  ancestors,  the  O'- 
Connors, bear  a  name  even  still  more  famous 
in  Irish  annals,  and  though  his  mother  was 
born  in  London,  the  metropolis  of  England, 
she  was  as  noted  as  her  husband,  our  sub- 
ject's father,  for  love  of  Ireland,  and  know- 
ledge of  and  preference  for  the  old  Irish 
tongue,  alas  !  now  so  rapidly  dying  out. 
Our  subject  was  chiefly  educated  at  his 
birth-place,  Kingston.  At  a  suitable  age, 


656 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


he  began  the  study  of  the  classics  there  un- 
der the  late  John  O'Donnell,  a  graduate  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and  one  of  the 
most  accomplished  classical  scholars  that 
Canada  has  ever  had,  as  well  as  one  of  the 
most  successful  teachers  of  his  day.  Among 
the  pupils  who  issued  from  his  school  to 
grace  the  learned  professions  may  be  men- 
tioned Sir  John  A.  Macdonald,  the  present 
premier  of  the  Dominion,  the  late  Hon. 
John  Sandfield  Macdonald,  premier  of  On- 
tario, and  several  others  of  their  most  dis- 
tinguished contemporaries.  In  1860  Mr 
Molony  entered  Regiopolis  College,  King- 
ston, which  was  then  under  the  rectorship 
of  the  Rev.  John  O'Brien,  afterwards  the 
most  Reverend  Dr.  O'Brien,  Roman  Catholic 
Bishop  of  Kingston,  and  it  is  touchingly 
noteworthy  that  eighteen  years  afterwards, 
when  that  prelate  was  suddenly  stricken 
down  by  the  hand  of  death  at  Quebec,  while 
on  his  way  back  from  Europe,  Mr.  Molony 
was  the  one  acquaintance  in  the  ancient 
capital  upon  whom  devolved  the  sad  duty 
of  making  the  necessary  arrangements  there 
for  the  funeral  of  his  old  college  rector,  and 
the  transportation  of  his  remains  on  to 
Kingston.  After  a  full  course  of  philosophy 
and  mathematics,  our  subject  completed  his 
studies  at  Regiopolis,  and  having  decided 
on  the  law  as  his  future  profession,  in  Dec- 
ember, 1865,  he  entered  into  articles  of 
clerkship  at  Kingston,  with  the  late  Daniel 
Macarow,  barrister,  at  one  time  a  partner  of 
the  well-known  James  O'Reilly,  Q.C.,  and 
afterwards  county  judge.  In  June  follow- 
ing, he  left  Kingston  to  study  for  the  legal 
profession  in  Lower  Canada,  and  entered 
for  the  purpose  at  the  office  of  M.  A.  Hearn, 
Q.C.,  ex-batonnier-general  of  the  Quebec 
bar,  and  senior  member  of  the  legal  firm  of 
Hearn,  Jordan  &  Roche,  of  Quebec  city. 
At  the  same  time  he  followed  the  courses 
of  Laval  University,  from  which  he  took  his 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws  on  the  4th  J  uly, 
1879.  On  the  19th  of  the  same  month,  he 
was  admitted  as  a  practitioner  at  the  Quebec 
bar,  and  on  the  12th  of  September  follow- 
ing he  married  Isabella,  daugher  of  the  late 
John  Jordan  and  Catherine  James,  of  Que- 
bec, by  whom  he  has  had  issue  four  chil- 
dren, three  of  them  surviving  and  all  in 
their  teens.  For  some  years  after  his  ad- 
mission to  the  bar,  Mr.  Molony  held  a 
provincial  government  appointment  as  Eng- 
lish Translator  to  the  Queen's  printer's  de- 
partment, from  which  he  rapidly  won  suc- 
cess and  distinction  by  his  talents,  punctu- 
ality and  devotion  to  the  interests  of  his 
clients.  At  present,  his  standing  at  the 


Quebec  bar  is  among  the  highest,  and  few 
practitioners  enjoy  a  larger  share  of  the  re- 
spect of  the  bench  and  the  public.  He  has 
been  a  commissioner  for  the  province  of 
Ontario,  at  Quebec,  since  1874,  and  for  the 
province  of  Manitoba,  since  1883.  Jour- 
nalism has  also  successfully  occupied  our 
subject's  attention,  and  his  contributions  to 
the  local  press  have  been  much  remarked 
for  their  masterly  and  vigorous  dealing  with 
the  subjects  handled.  Having  always  taken 
an  active  interest  in  municipal  matters,  he 
was  twice  elected  by  acclamation  a  member 
of  the  Quebec  City  Council  for  Montcalm 
Ward  in  1884  and  1886,  and  rendered  himself 
conspicuously  useful  to  his  fellow  citizens  by 
his  able  support  of  Mayor  Langelier's  policy 
of  reform  of  the  civic  administration,  includ- 
ing the  improvement  of  the  city  water- works 
checks.  During  his  connection  with  the 
council,  he  also  served  on  several  of  its 
most  important  committees,  was  a  member 
of  the  civic  deputation  sent  some  three 
years  ago  to  Ottawa  to  press  Quebec's  claims 
to  the  C.P.R.  short  line  to  the  seaboard  on 
the  favorable  consideration  of  the  Federal 
Government,  and,  though  the  youngest 
member  of  the  council,  has  been  called  upon 
in  the  absence  of  the  mayor  to  preside  at 
important  meetings,  on  account  of  his  inti- 
mate acquaintance  with  the  rules  of  debate,, 
and  recognized  ability  in  the  solution  of 
points  of  order  or  knotty  questions  of  pro- 
cedure. As  secretary  of  the  relief  com- 
mittee for  the  benefit  of  the  sufferers,  he 
further  did  good  service  to  Quebec  and  the 
cause  of  humanity,  after  the  disastrous  con- 
flagration which  swept  St.  John  and  Mont- 
calm  wards  almost  out  of  existence  in  the 
summer  of  1881.  On  the  temperance  ques- 
tion, Mr.  Molony  holds  advanced  views, 
and  every  movement  on  the  subject  in 
Quebec  for  the  last  fourteen  or  more  years, 
has  had  his  earnest  advocacy  and  support. 
He  was  long  the  president  of  the  St.  Pat- 
rick's Total  Abstinence  Society,  and  at  the 
monster  meeting  held  a  few  years  since  in 
the  skating  rink,  in  the  interests  of  the 
temperance  cause,  under  the  joint  presi- 
dency of  Archbishop,  now  Cardinal,  Tas- 
chereau,  the  Anglican  Lord  Bishop  of  Que- 
bec, and  the  local  clergy  of  all  denomin- 
ations, he  appeared  on  the  platform  with 
other  leading  citizens,  as  the  special  repres- 
entative of  the  Irish  Catholic  body.  As 
might  be  expected  from  the  stock  from 
which  he  has  sprung,  Mr.  Molony  has 
taken  a  most  active  and  patriotic  interest 
in  Irish  national  matters  since  his  boyhood. 
For  the  last  twenty  years  he  has  acted  a 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


657 


leading  part  in  all  the  Irish  national  societies 
and  movements  at  the  ancient  capital.  From 
1871  to  1875  he  was  treasurer  of  the  St. 
Patrick's  Society,  and  in  1876  he  was  chair- 
man of  the  meeting  at  which  the  first  branch 
of  the  Home  Rule  League  in  Quebec  was 
organized.  Some  years  later,  he  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Irish  Land  League  in 
Quebec,  and  in  1878  he  was  elected  1st- 
Vice- President  of  the  Catholic  League, 
formed  at  Montreal.  Mr.  Molony  was  called 
upon  at  the  last  moment  to  preside  at  the 
monster  meeting  held  on  Durham  terrace, 
Quebec,  when  the  French  and  Irish  Catholic 
population  assembled  to  protest  against  the 
Orange  processions  in  Montreal,  during 
Mr.  Beaudry's  mayoralty.  On  this  last  oc- 
casion his  remarks  and  conduct  met  with 
general  approval,  Protestants  and  Catholics 
alike  joining  in  praising  his  tact  and  moder- 
ation under  the  most  trying  circumstances, 
and  Hon.  H.  G.  Joly,  then  Prime  Minister 
of  the  province,  warmly  congratulated  him 
on  the  skill  which  he  had  shown  in  con- 
trolling an  excited  gathering,  while  uphold- 
ing the  views  which  it  had  come  together  to 
assert  on  one  of  the  most  burning  questions 
of  the  hour.  Mr.  Joly  told  him  personally 
that  he  had  heard  from  members  of  the 
Local  Legislature,  who  were  present,  the 
highest  encomiums  of  his  action,  adding 
that  in  his  opinion  it  was  an  awful  respon- 
sibility to  assume  the  management  of  a  crowd 
of  people  excited  to  the  highest  pitch.  In- 
deed the  crowd  on  the  occasion  wanted 
to  proceed  straight  off  to  wait  on  Mr. 
Joly,  but  to  give  time  to  their  excite- 
ment to  cool  down,  Mr.  Molony,  as  chair- 
man, wisely  insisted  on  their  only  sending 
a  delegation  to  represent  their  views  to  the 
premier,  and  finally  carried  his  point,  when 
they  peaceably  dispersed.  A  fervent  Roman 
Catholic,  and  a  member  of  the  St.  Patrick's 
congregation  of  Quebec,  he  was  elected  a 
trustee  of  their  beautiful  and  historic  church 
in  1876,  and  thrice  afterwards,  making 
twelve  years  of  office  in  succession,  but,  at 
the  .last  triennial  elections,  he  refused  to 
servVany  longer,  deeming  it  unfair  to  other 
prominent  members  of  the  congregation 
that  one  set  of  hands  should  continually 
monoplize  the  honors.  During  his  trustee- 
ship of  St.  Patrick's,  it  was  his  good  fortune 
also  to  be  chosen  to  present  the  address  of 
the  Irish  Catholics  of  Quebec,  to  their  dis- 
tinguished countryman,  His  Excellency 
the  Papal  Ablegate,  the  late  lamented 
Bishop  Conroy.  Although  a  Liberal  in  his 
political  principles,  Mr.  Molony  never  took 
part  in  politics,  except  to  record  his  vote 
OO 


for  parliamentary  candidates  on  personal 
grounds,  until  1883,  when  he  interfered 
actively  for  the  first  time.  Since  then  he 
has  rendered  good  service  to  the  Liberal 
cause  in  the  district  of  Quebec,  the  Irish 
Catholic  vote  there,  which  had  previously 
gone  almost  always  Conservative,  being  won 
over  to  it  largely  by  his  vigorous  advocacy 
on  the  hustings  and  in  the  press,  as  well  as 
by  his  personal  influence,  and  this  result 
being  made  evident  by  the  Liberal  triumphs 
of  the  last  few  years  in  Quebec  west.  Levis, 
Megantic,  Dorchester,  Montmorency  and 
Portneuf  counties.  Mr.  Molony  is  a  passed 
cadet  of  the  Kingston  Military  School,  and 
holds  a  commission  as  ensign  in  the  Quebec 
Reserve  Militia.  His  travels  have  been 
confined  so  far  to  Canada  and  the  United 
States.  Though  educated  at  an  English 
college,  he  has  since  acquired  a  thorough 
knowledge  of,  and  is  a  ready  and  fluent 
writer  and  speaker  of,  the  French  language. 
Firmly  attached  to  his  own  religious  tenets, 
he  has  always  evinced  the  highest  respect 
for  the  convictions  and  rights  of  his  fellow 
citizens  of  every  other  creed.  A  young 
man  still,he  has  already  attained  an  enviable 
position  in  the  section  of  the  Dominion 
which  he  has  made  his  home,  and  the  future 
probably  holds  in  store  for  him  a  career  of 
still  greater  distinction  and  public  and 
private  usefulness. 

Hay  t  home.  Hon.  R.  P.,  Senator, 
Marshfield,  Charlottetown,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  was  born  at  Clifton,  Bristol,  Eng- 
land, in  the  year  1815.  He  is  a  son  of 
John  Haythorne,  a  wool  merchant  of  Bris- 
tol, and  who  was  an  alderman,  and  four 
times  mayor  of  that  ancient  city.  He  was 
likewise  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  Gloucester- 
shire, in  which  county  his  residence,  "Hill 
House"  was  situated.  R.  P.  Haythorne's 
grandfather,  Joseph,  was  likewise  a  Bris- 
tolian,  and  was  a  banker  and  glass  manu- 
facturer. John  Haythorne  married  Mary 
Curtis,  of  "  Mardyke  House,"  Hotwells, 
Bristol,  who  became  the  mother  of  our 
distinguished  Canadian  senator.  R.  P. 
Haythorne  was  educated  at  private  schools 
in  his  native  place.  His  early  life  was 
spent  at  his  father's  residence,  but  later  on 
he  devoted  several  years  to  travelling, 
visiting  the  Island  of  Madeira,  the  South 
of  Spain,  Portugal,  France,  Switzerland, 
and  Italy.  In  1842  he  emigrated  to  Prince 
Edward  Island,  having,  in  connection  with 
an  elder  brother,  (subsequently  the  Hon. 
Edward  C.  Haythorne,  a  nominated  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislative  Council),  acquired  a 
tract  of  10,000  acres  of  land  in  that  colony. 


658 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


This  land  was  partly  wilderness, partly  let  to 
tenants  for  999  years,  and  partly  occupied  by 
squatters.  For  many  years  the  brothers 
devoted  themselves  to  agricultural  pursuits, 
and  to  the  settlement  of  their  estate  ;  but 
the  brother  referred  to  dying  in  1859,  R. 
P.  Haythorne  revisited  England  in  1860. 
Returning  in  the  following  year,  he  married 
Elizabeth  R.,  eldest  daughter  of  Thomas 
Scott,  of  Belfast,  Ireland,  then  of  Falcon- 
wood,  Prince  Edward  Island.  Two  sons 
were  born  of  this  marriage,  one  in  1862, 
and  another  in  the  followirg  year,  both  of 
whom  survive.  Mr.  Haythorne  became  a 
widower  in  1866,  his  wife  dying  at  Liver- 
pool. England.  About  this  period  the  free 
land  and  tenant  league  agination  prevailed 
in  Prince  Edward  Island.  Mr.  Hayihorne 
and  his  tenants,  however,  setcled  their  dif- 
ferences by  mutual  agreement,  which  was 
faithfully  carried  out,  the  tenants  becoming 
freeholders,  by  paying  a  sum  about  equiva- 
lent to  $2  per  acre  by  instalments.  In  1867 
Mr.  Hayfchorne,  being  invited  by  his  for- 
mer tenants,  became  a  candidate  for  the 
second  electoral  district  of  Queen's  county 
(Legislative  Council),  and  was  returned  to 
that  chamber  by  a  respectable  majority. 
Not  many  weeks  later,  the  local  Conserva- 
tive Government  led  by  the  Hon.  J.  C. 
Pope  resigned,  and  was  succeeded  by  a 
Liberal  Government  led  by  the  Hon.  G. 
Coles,  the  present  Judge  Hensley  being  At- 
torney-General, Messrs.  Haythorne,  Alex- 
ander Laird,  Peter  Sinclair,  Callbeck  How- 
Ian,  and  A.  A.  Macdonald,  the  present 
Lieut. -Governor  of  Prince  Edward  Island 
were  members  of  the  Executive  Council. 
The  policy  of  this  government  was  the  fur- 
ther abrogation  of  the  leasehold  tenure,  by 
purchase  on  voluntary  agreement  if  practi- 
cable, otherwise  by  decision  of  a  court  to  be 
established  for  the  purpose  of  deciding  the 
sum  to  be  paid  for  expropriation.  Mr, 
Coles'  health  failing,  he  resigned,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  Hensley,  the  policy  of  the 
Government  remaining  unchanged  as  re- 
gards the  land  tenures.  Much  attention 
was  also  paid  to  the  improvement  of  the 
highways,  and  the  extension  of  steam  navi- 
gation to  the  outports  of  the  colony.  About 
the  year  1868,  Mr.  Hensley  accepted  a  seat 
on  the  bench,  and  Mr.  Haythorne  succeed- 
ed him  as  Premier  and  President  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Council.  The  land  policy  of  the 
Government  was  much  obstructed  by  the 
Colonial  Office,  the  Secretary  of  State,  the 
Duke  of  Buckingham  and  Chandos  refusing 
to  listen  to  the  demands  of  the  Executive 
for  a  compulsory  expropriation  law,  which 


he  condemned  as  "a  direct  interference 
with  private  property."  For  the  present, 
therefore,  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Haythorne  and 
his  colleagues  were  limited  to  the  purchase 
of  such  estates  as  could  be  acquired  by  vol- 
untary agreement,  and  during  the  Liberals' 
tenure  of  office  some  progress  was  made  ; 
the  estates  of  the  Hon.  J.  C.  Pope,  the 
Hon.  T.  H.  Haviland,  and  some  others 
being  purchased  by  Government,  rnd  that 
of  the  Rev.  James  Montgomery  by  private 
agreement  between  the  proprietor  and  the 
tenants.  In  the  following  year  Lord  Grar- 
ville  having  become  Secretary  of  State  for 
the  Colonies-  Mr.  Haythorne's  council  again 
approached  the  Colonial  Office  with  re- 
newed demands  fora  measure  of  expropria- 
tion. Meantime  the  land  owners,  native 
and  absentee — some  of  the  latter  being 
persons  of  much  influence — opposed  the 
efforts  of  the  Government.  What  has  now 
come  to  be  recognized  as  the  "  unearned 
increment  of  value,"  the  Island  Govern- 
ment claimed  as  the  heritage  of  the  men  and 
women  who  had  landed  boldly  in  he 
wilderness,  cleared  away  the  forests,  built 
houses,  cities,  school-houses,  and  churches, 
made  roads  and  wharves,  and  caused  "  the 
wilderness  to  blossom  as  the  rose."  Lord 
Granville  proved  less  obdurate  than  his  pre- 
decessors. He  would  not  sanction  an  ex- 
propriation bill,  but  seeing  the  urgency  of 
another  great  question  in  the  near  future, 
he  softened  his  refusal  in  words  something 
like  these  :  "  Having  regard  to  the  evident 
uncertainty,  whether  the  colony  of  Prince 
Edward  Island  will  or  will  not  soon  unite 
with  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  I  am  not  pre- 
pared to  enter  on  the  consideration  of  the 
land  question,  with  which  if  such  union 
were  to  ensue  the  Imperial  Government 
would  probably  cease  to  concern  itself  ;  the 
land  question  therefore,  should  in  my  opin- 
ion be  left  as  far  as  possible  for  the  de- 
cision of  those  who  under  the  altered  cir- 
cumstances of  the  colony  would  have  to 
carry  into  execution  any  measures  connect- 
ed with  it."— Granville,  13th  March,  1869. 
This  despatch  was  generally  interpreted  in 
Prince  Edward  Island  to  mean  that  the 
land  question  would  be  settled  in  exchange 
for  Confederation.  Thus  for  the  present 
the  land  question  rested,  to  be  again  re- 
suscitated on  the  occasion  of  the  introduc- 
tion of  "a  Tenants'  Compensation  Bill  for 
Ireland,"  a  measure  nearly  identical  with 
one  introduced  years  before,  during  a  for- 
mer administration  of  Hon.  Mr.  Coles,  and 
passed  through  the  Island  Legislature,  but 
vetoed  at  the  Colonial  Office.  During  these 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


659 


years  the  fishery  question  had  caused  some 
trouble.  The  American  fishing  vessels  had 
been  admitted  to  the  British- American  wat- 
ers on  payment  of  tonnage  license  dues,  but 
in  1868  Canada  declined  to  continue  the 
system,  resolving  to  exclude  the  Ameri- 
cans, who  had  recently  terminated  the  re- 
ciprocity treaty.  Meantime,  in  the  island, 
the  Americans"  were  admitted  to  their  usual 
privileges,  as  regards  frequenting  the  har- 
bours, transhipping  cargoes,  and  obtaining 
supplies.  But  the  attention  of  the  Imperial 
Government  being  called  thereto,  the  Ad- 
miral on  the  Halifax  station  (Wellesley), 
and  the  officers  commanding  the  smaller 
ressels  of  his  squadron,  were  ordered  to  put 
a  stop  to  the  "alleged  illegal  practices." 
These  orders  gave  rise  to  long  correspond- 
ence between  the  officers  of  Her  Majesty's 
ships,  notably  Captain  E.  Hardinge,  of  the 
frigate  Valorous,  and  the  Island  Executive. 
The  former  interfered  with  the  island  and 
colonial  coasters  on  very  trifling  grounds, 
and  prevented  the  American  fishing  vessels 
from  transhipping  their  cargoes  and  renew- 
ing their  outfits  on  the  island  ports,  causing 
much  discontent  amongst  shipowners  and 
the  numerous  class  of  traders  interested. 
(Vide  L.  C.  Journals,  1871.)  In  conse- 
quence a  minute  of  council,  for  the  informa- 
tion of  the  Secretary  of  State  was  drawn  up, 
September  2nd,  1870,  protesting  against 
such  interference  with  "  our  best  customers 
the  Americans,  who  transhipped  cargoes  in 
our  ports — renewing  their  supplies  of  salt, 
barrels,  provisions,  and  general  outfit  in  our 
markets."  This  memorial  was  "drawn  up," 
the  Secretary  of  State,  Lord  Kimberley,  ob- 
serves, "  with  much  ability  and  modera- 
tion," and  his  Lordship  authorized  the 
Lieut.-Governor  Robinson  (now  Sir  William 
Robinson,  South  Australia),  "  to  suspend  the 
restrictions  the  local  Government  felt  called 
upon  to  impose."  This  was  the  last  public 
act  of  Mr.  Haythorne's  first  administration. 
Shortly  afterwards  finding  his  supporters  in 
the  House  of  Assembly  in  a  minority, 
caused  by  the  secession  of  the  two  Catholic 
members  of  his  government,  he  resigned, 
and  was  succeeded  by  a  coalition  Govern- 
ment led  by  the  Hon.  J.  C.  Pope,  the  two 
Catholic  members  of  the  late  Government 
accepting  seats  in  the  Executive.  During 
the  late  Liberal  Administrations  the  island 
had  been  visited  by  Prince  Arthur,  by  Lord 
and  Lady  Lisgar,  and  a  Canadian  deputa- 
tion, including  Sir  L.  Tilley,  Sir  Geo.  E. 
Cartier,  and  Sir  E.  Kenny ;  the  object  of 
this  "  descent"  being  to  attract  the  Island- 
ers into  Confederation  by  an  offer  of  "  better 


terms."  These,  however,  were  declined, 
90  out  of  100  Islanders  at  that  juncture 
being  opposed  to  Confederation.  An  in- 
formal Congressional  deputation,  of  which 
the  well-known  General  B.  Butler  was  a 
member,  also  visited  the  island,  their  ob- 
ject being  to  ascertain  whether  any  approach 
to  reciprocity  could  be  made.  This  visit, 
though  it  was  without  results,  indicated  a 
kindly  disposition  on  both  sides.  It  ob- 
tained for  the  Executive  of  the  Island  a 
snub  from  the  Secretary  of  State,  the 
Lieutenant  -  Governor  (Dundas),  having 
taken  short  leave  to  visit  Halifax  at  this 
period.  During  the  later  months  of  1870, 
through  1871,  and  till  April,  1873,  Mr. 
Haythorne  was  in  Opposition.  This  was 
the  period  of  the  development  and  adoption 
of  the  railroad  policy,  which  by  the  finan- 
cial embarrassment  it  caused,  ultimately 
drew  the  island  into  Confederation.  Mr. 
Pope's  Government  being  supported  by  con- 
siderable majorities,  carried  his  railway 
bill  for  the  construction  of  a  trunk  line 
connecting  Charlottetown  with  Summerside 
and  Alberton  on  the  west,  and  with  George- 
town on  the  east,  and  providing  for  future 
extensions  to  Souris  and  Tignish.  Soon, 
however,  after  the  rising  of  the  legislature, 
Mr.  Pope's  majority  began  to  fade  away, 
and  in  1872,  being  defeated  in  the  Assembly, 
and  again  on  an  appeal  to  the  people,  he  re- 
signed, and  Mr.  Haythorne  being  again 
called  on  to  form  an  Administration,  suc- 
ceeded, and  carried  the  law  relating  to  the 
railway  extensions  into  effect.  In  the  latter 
part  of  the  year  1872,  and  the  commence- 
ment of  1873,  the  financial  and  other  diffi- 
culties which  his  Government  encountered 
were  almost  overpowering.  The  trunk  line 
was  under  rapid  construction,  and  interest 
on  debentures  began  to  accrue  half  yearly  at 
a  rapidly  increasing  rate.  Large  drafts  on 
the  local  treasury  were  also  required  in 
payment  of  rights  of  way,  and  land  dam- 
ages, which  added  to  the  ordinary  expendi- 
ture seemed  beyond  the  power  of  the  island 
to  meet  by  increased  taxation.  The  Gov- 
ernment therefore,  re-opened  communication 
with  the  Dominion  Government,  then  led 
by  Sir  John  Macdonald,  with  a  view  to  as- 
certain the  terms  on  which  the  island 
would  be  admitted  to  Confederation.  Being 
invited  to  send  a  deputation  to  Ottawa,  Mr. 
Haythorne  and  his  colleague  in  the  Execu- 
tive, the  Hon.  David  Laird,  were  chosen 
to  perform  this  duty.  They  arrived  in  the 
capital  a  few  days  before  the  meeting  of 
Parliament,  in  February,  1873,  Lord  Duf- 
ferin  being  Governor-General.  The  delegates 


660 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


were   put    in   communication    chiefly  with 
Sir  L.  Tilley,  and   negotiated  terms   which 
seemed  highly  advantageous  to    the  island. 
These  comprised  six   seats  in  the  Commons, 
the   taking   over  and  operating  of  the    Is- 
land railway  by  the  Dominion,  the  assump- 
tion of  the   island  debt,  the   providing  of 
a    sum    of    $800,000    for    the    acquisition 
of    proprietary   lands,  and    the    vesting  of 
the   same    in   local    legislature.      Continu- 
ous   steam     communication     summer    and 
winter  with  the  mainland  was  also  guaran- 
teed.    Before    signing    these  preliminaries 
which  the  delegates  undertook  to  introduce 
to  their  respective  branches  of    the  legisla- 
ture, the  House  of  Assembly  was  dissolved, 
and  writs  forthwith  issued   for    the  election 
of  a  new    parliament.     The    following  tele- 
gram from  Lord  Dufferin  to  Gov.  Robinson, 
P.  E.  I.,  12th  March,  1873,  ma}  be  quoted  : 
"  The  delegates  from  your  Government  have 
left  Ottawa,  having  succeeded  in  effecting  a 
provisional    arrangement.      I   congratulate 
you   on    P.    E.    I.    having    obtained   such 
liberal  terms.     My  ministers  are  of  opinion, 
in  which  I  fully  concur,  that  no  additional 
concessions  would  have  any  chance  of  being 
accepted  by  the   Parliament   of  Canada. — 
Dufferin."  Though  the  new  terms  were  very 
generally  approved,  the  policy  of  the  Op- 
position led  by  Mr.  Pope  prevailed.    It  was 
to  send  another  deputation  to  Ottawa,  and 
demand  further  concessions.     And  it  suc- 
ceeded,   proving   more    attractive    to    the 
majority  of  electors.     Mr.  Haythorne  find- 
ing his  government  in  a  minority  resigned, 
and  Mr.  Pope  resumed  office.     On  the  as- 
sembling of  the  new  parliament,  Messrs.  J. 
C.  Pope,  T.  H.  Haviland,  and  G.  \V.   How- 
Ian  were  sent   to   Ottawa,  and   after  some 
delay,    secured  some    further  concessions, 
which  were   finally  adopted  in  addition  to 
the  so-called  Haythorne-Laird  terms,  and 
being  ratified,  the  island  entered  Confedera- 
tion   on    July    1st,    1873.     The    following 
autumn  Mr.   Haythorne  WES  summoned  to 
the  Senate,  and  took  his  seat   during  the 
short  session  of  that  year,  when  the  Pacific 
Railway  scandal  led  to  the  resignation  of 
Sir  John  Macdonald's  Government,  and  the 
advent  of  Mr.  Mackenzie  and  his  friends  to 
power.     In  the  Senate  Mr.  Haythorne  has 
been  a  pronounced  freetrader,  and  a  sup- 
porter of  the  general  policy  of  the  Liberal 
party.     He    dissented,    however,   from    so 
much  of  their  election  law  as  went  to  sub- 
stitute (temporarily)   the  franchise   of    the 
Legislative  Council  of  Prince  Edward   Is- 
land, for  the  manhood   suffrage  which  had 
long    existed    there,    and     supported    an 


amendment  moved  by  Senator  Haviland, 
which  provided  for  the  continuance  of  the 
existing  franchise  in  that  province,  until 
registration  courts  should  be  established. 
This  amendment  being  carried  in  the  Senate, 
it  was  agreed  toby  the  Commons.  He  sup- 
ported the  Scott  Act,  though  somewhat 
doubtful  respecting  the  fitness  of  some  of 
its  clauses.  He  has  steadily  opposed  all  at- 
tempts to  circumscribe  its  operation,  or 
diminish  its  efficacy.  During  the  session  of 
1885,  he  avowed  a  change  of  opinion,  as 
to  its  principles  and  policy.  This  contention 
being  briefly :  (1st)  That  the  Canada  Tem- 
perance Act,  1878,  is  practically  inoperative 
against  the  drunkard  ;  while  it  abridges  the 
natural  liberty  of  sober  consumers  of  fer- 
mented liquors ;  (2nd)  That  the  optional 
theory  is  unsound,  because  where  most 
needed  in  a  community  addicted  to  intem- 
perance, it  receives  least  support,  and 
would  be  generally  carried  where  least 
needed  ;  and  because  it  is  the  duty  of  Gov- 
ernment to  propose  to  Parliament  such 
measures'  as  are  necessary  to  obviate  a  na- 
tional tendency  to  intemperance  ;  (3rd)  Pro- 
hibition tends  to  produce  smuggling,  illicit 
trading,  and  sale  of  pernicious  spirits,  and 
experience  proves  that  perjury  sometimes 
results  on  the  prosecution  of  offenders. 

Gingra§,  Hon.  Jean  JElie,  ex  Mem- 
ber of  the  Legislative  Council  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  is  one  of  the  oldest  and 
best  known  citizens  of  Quebec  city,  where 
ho  was  born  on  the  5th  of  June,  in  the  year 
1804,  of  humble  but  respectable  French 
Canadian  parents,  then  residing  in  the 
shipping  quarter  of  the  city  known  as  Dia- 
mond Harbor,  which  extends  along  the 
river  front  beneath  the  citadel.  The  edu- 
cational advantages  he  enjoyed  in  his  youth 
were  limited,  as  he  had  to  face  the  stern 
necessities  of  life  at  an  age  when  other  lads, 
more  fortunately  situated,  are  still  con- 
sidered in  their  teens.  Put  to  learn  the 
trade  of  the  ship  carpenter,  he  worked  for 
a  number  of  years  in  the  ship-yard  of  the 
late  Mr.  Black,  the  builder  of  the  Royal 
William,  the  first  steam  vessel  that  success- 
fully crossed  the  Atlantic,  and  eventually 
became  his  foreman.  He  afterwards  en- 
gaged in  the  ship-building  business  on  his 
own  account.  This  was  in  the  palmy  days 
of  that  great  industry  in  Quebec,  and  Mr. 
Gingras,  by  dint  of  skill,  energy  and  enter- 
prise, rapidly  worked  himself  into  the  front 
rank  of  those  engaged  in  it,  employing  a 
large  amount  of  labor,  arid  acquiring  con- 
siderable wealth  and  influence  in  the  com- 
munity. During  this  stage  of  his  long  and 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


661 


useful  life,  his  fellow-citizens  marked  their 
appreciation  of  his  worth  by  electing  him  a 
member  of  the  city  corporation,  and  the 
government  of  the  day  by  appointing  him 
a  member  of  the  Quebec  Trinity  House.  A 
Conservative  in  politics,  he  was  also  nom- 
inated by  his  party  in  1864  to  contest  the 
seat  for  the  Stadacona  division  in  the  Legisla- 
tive Council  with  the  then  mayor  of  Quebec 
city,  A.  Tourangeau,  who  afterwards  became 
M.P.  for  Quebec  East,  and  is  now  city 
postmaster.  This  was  before  confederation, 
when  the  Legislative  Council  of  Canada  was 
elective.  After  a  severe  contest,  Mr. 
Gingras  was  returned  at  the  head  of  the 
poll,  and  represented  the  Stadacona  divis- 
ion in  the  Council  from  1864  until  the 
union,  when  he  was  appointed  by  the  Crown 
a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of 
the  province  of  Quebec  for  life.  During 
the  decline  of  wooden  ship  building  at 
Quebec,  Mr.  Gingras  lost  heavily,  and 
finally  retired  from  business  with  a  remnant 
of  his  once  large  fortune.  He  continued, 
however,  to  hold  his  seat  in  the  Legislative 
Council  of  the  province  until  the  close  of 
1887,  when,  on  attaining  his  eighty-fourth 
year  of  age,  he  resigned  it  and  was  succeeded 
by  Hon.  G.  Bresse,  the  great  boot  and  shoe 
manufacturer  of  Quebec  East.  Notwith- 
standing his  advanced  age,  Mr.  Gingras  is 
still  hale  and  hearty,  and  few  men  enjoy  a 
larger  share  of  public  respect.  He  was  thrice 
married.  His  last  wife,  as  were  her  prede- 
cessors, being  a  Quebec  lady,  whom  he 
married  in  1887-  Like  the  vast  majority 
of  his  fellow-countrymen,  he  is  a  Roman 
Catholic. 

Weldon,  Richard  Chapman, B.  A., 
Ph.D.,  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  M.P.  for  Al- 
bert County,  New  Brunswick,  is  a  native 
of  Sussex,  N.B.,  where  he  was  born  on  the 
19th  January,  1849.  He  is  the  grandson  of 
Andrew  Weldon,  a  native  of  Yorkshire, 
England,  who  emigrated  and  settled  in 
Westmoreland  county,  N.  B.,  about  a  hun- 
dred years  ago.  The  greater  part  of  the 
province  was  then  a  wilderness,  and  Andrew 
Weldon  was  one  of  its  foremost  pioneers. 
NDr.  Weldon's  paternal  grandmother  was 
Sarah  Black,  sister  of  Rev.  William  Black, 
the  founder  of  Methodism  in  the  maritime 
provinces.  The  late  Rev.  Dr.  Matthew 
Richie  wrote  an  interesting  biography  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Black,  and  a  centenary  memorial 
hall  at  Mount  Allison  College,  N.B.,  marks 
the  esteem  in  which  his  name  is  held  by  the 
church  which  he  labored  to  establish,  and 
will  long  keep  his  memory  green.  The 
cause,  under  his  zealous  advocacy,  made 


great  headway,  until  now,    the  Methodist 
church  is  one  of  the  largest   and  most  pro- 
gressive  in   the  maritime   provinces.     Dr. 
Weldon  received  his  earlier  education  at  the 
Superior   School,   in   Upper    Sussex.      He 
matriculated  at  Mount  Allison  and  took  the 
degree  of  B.  A.  after  a  very  successful  course. 
After  leaving  Sackville  he  went  to  Yale  Col- 
lege, in  the  United  States,  and  after  prose- 
cuting his  studies  there   with  great  zeal  for 
two  years  took  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Phil- 
osophy.    The  success   of  his  post-graduate 
course  was  so  greafc  as  to  tempt  him  to  enjoy 
the   advantages   of    European    travel  and 
study.     Having  decided   that  his  vocation 
lay  in  the  department  of  international  law, 
he  went  to  the  famous  University  of  Heidel- 
berg, which  two  years  since  celebrated  its 
tercentenary,  and  there  worked  hard  at  its 
chosen  subject  of  study.     Heidelberg  enrols 
about  thirteen   hundred  students,  from  all 
parts   of  the   world.     The  situation  of  the 
university,  under  the  old  schloss  (in  ruins 
since  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  when 
it  was  the  seat   of  government   of  the  old 
palatinate),  and  over-looking  the  valley  of 
the    beautiful    Neckar  flowing   swiftly  by 
amid  it  opulent  vineyards,    is   one   of  the 
prettiest  in  the  whole  world.     Many  of  the 
ablest  jurists,  statisticians  and  publicists  in 
Germany  have   received   their  training  in 
Heidelberg.     After  enjoying  the  pleasure  of 
visiting  some  of  the  greatest  resorts  in  the 
old  world,  Dr.  Weldon  returned  home,  and 
in   1875  accepted    the  position   of  a  pro- 
fessor at  Mount  Allison  College.     He  held 
this  office  until  1883.     As  a  professor  at  his 
Alma    Mater    he    was  careful   and   pains- 
taking, and  earned  the  reputation  of  being 
the   ablest  man   in  the  college.     He  con- 
tinued his  studies  in  law  and  was  called  to 
the  bar  of  his  native  province,  but  never 
practised.     About  1882  the  princely  dona- 
tions of  George  Munro,  the  New  York  pub- 
lisher, to  Dalhousie  College,  Halifax,  gave  a 
great  impetus  to  that  seat  of  learning,  and 
it  was  resolved  to  establish  a  chair  of  consti- 
tutional law.     In  casting  about  for  a  man 
to  fill  it  no  better  name  was  suggested  than 
that  of  Dr.  Weldon.    This  was  a  rare  honor, 
coming  as  it  did  from  a  neighboring,  and, 
in  some  respects,  a  rival  college.     Of  this 
law  school  there  are  two  professors  and  six 
lecturers,    the   latter    being  selected  from 
among  the  ablest  practitioners  at  the  bar  of 
Nova  Scotia.     Dr.    Weldon  is  dean  of  the 
school,  and  delivers   lectures    in   constitu- 
tional law  and   history,  conflict  of  laws  and 
international  law.     There   are   about  fifty 
students,  coming  from  all  parts  of  the  mari- 


662 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


time  provinces.  The  school  possesses  a  fairly 
equipped  and  serviceable  law  library.  To 
this  library  Dr.  Weldon  is  one  of  the  largest 
donors,  having  contributed  $500.  Having 
passed  the  required  examinations,  Dr.  Wel- 
don was,  on  the  9th  December,  1884,  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia.  His  lectures 
are  very  popular,  and  he  is  held  in  high 
esteem  by  the  students  and  the  faculty  of 
Dalhousie  at  large.  Although  he  had  re- 
sided at  times  long  out  of  his  native  pro- 
vince, Dr.  Weldon  never  ceased  to  feel  a 
warm  interest  in  her  affairs  as  well  as  in  the 
larger  political  movements  in  the  Dominion. 
His  sympathies  lay  with  the  Conservatives. 
Previous  to  the  general  election  of  1887  he 
was  nominated  by  the  Conservatives  of 
Albert  county.  He  at  once  entered  into 
the  canvass  and  conducted  a  series  of  public 
meetings,  in  which  he  made  a  favorable  im- 
pression. The  opposition  candidate  was  a 
very  strong  man,  Mr.  Alexander  Rogers. 
The  vote  stood:  Weldon,  1,047;  Rogers, 
923.  Dr.  Weldon  signalized  his  entrance 
into  the  Commons  by  seconding  the  Address. 
He  had  carefully  studied  the  fishery  ques- 
tion in  its  larger  bearings,  and  won  applause 
by  saying  that  if  the  sixty  million  people  of 
the  United  States  insisted  upon  their  con- 
tentions, five  millions  on  this  side  of  the 
border  would  stand  by  their  rights.  Dr. 
Weldon  is  a  man  of  modest  bearing,  and  is 
always  listened  to  with  respect  by  the  house. 
He  is  connected  with  the  Methodists  ;  his 
wife,  whom  he  married  in  1877,  being  Marie, 
eldest  daughter  of  Rev.  G.  W.  Tuttle,  at 
that  time  stationed  in  the  Stellarton — Pictou 
county,  N.S. — circuit. 

McNicoll,  D.,  Montreal,  General  Pas- 
senger Agent,  for  the  territory  east  of  Port 
Arthur  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  is 
still  a  young  man,  though  his  position  is  one 
of  large  responsibilities.  He  was  born  in 
the  seaport  town  of  Arbroath,  in  Forfar- 
shire,  Scotland,  in  April,  1852,  and  was 
only  just  beginning  his  fourteenth  year 
when,  in  August.  It  06,  he  entered  the  rail- 
way service  as  clerk  in  the  goods  manager's 
office  of  the  North  British  Railway.  In  that 
position  he  remained  until  1873,  when  he 
removed  to  England  and  obtained  a  similar 
berth  in  the  Midland  Railway  of  that  coun- 
try. When  he  was  in  his  twenty-first  year 
he  was  induced  to  come  to  Canada,  where  his 
previous  experience  proved  of  service  in  pro- 
curing him  employment  in  the  same  business. 
He  became  associated  with  railway  enter- 
prise in  the  Dominion  in  the  year  1874. 
His  first  introduction  to  it  was  in  the  capa- 
city of  billing  clerk  on  the  Northern  Railway, 


at  Meaford  and  Collingwood.  Before  the 
close  of  his  first  year  on  Canadian  railways, 
he  was  promoted  to  be  chief  clerk  in  the 
office  of  the  general  manager  of  the  Toronto, 
Grey  and  Bruce  Railway,  at  Toronto.  He 
remained  in  that  position  until  1881,  when 
he  became  the  general  freight  and  passenger 
agent  of  the  same  railway,  and  general  traf- 
fic agent  of  the  Owen  Sound  steamship  line, 
trading  on  the  upper  lakes.  In  1883  he  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  general  passenger 
agent  of  the  Credit  Valley,  Toronto,  Grey 
and  Bruce,  and  Ontario  and  Quebec  rail- 
ways, and  when  these  lines  were  amalga- 
mated with  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway, 
and  operated  as  the  Ontario  division  of  the 
same,  he  retained  his  position  as  general 
passenger  agent  at  Toronto  until  the  spring 
of  1885,  when  his  office  was  removed  to 
Montreal.  He  then  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  general  passenger  agent  of  all  the 
lines  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  east 
of  Port  Arthur,  which  position  he  now 
holds.  Mr.  McNicoll  is  well  known  in  To- 
ronto and  Montreal,  and  enjoys  the  confi- 
dence and  esteem  both  of  his  superiors  and 
colleagues  and  of  the  travelling  public. 

Elli§,  Win.  llocIgM»ii,  B.A.,  M.B., 
L.  R.  C.  P. ,  Toronto,  is  a  native  of  Derbyshire, 
England,  where  he  was  born  on  the  23rd  of 
November,  1845.  His  father,  Dr.  John 
Eimeo  Ellis,  was  an  English  physician  of 
some  note,  and  his  grandfather,  the  Rev. 
William  Ellis,  was  the  famed  missionary  to 
Madagascar,  at  the  begining  of  the  century, 
and  well  known  by  his  admirable  work  deal- 
ing with  missionary  labor  on  the  large  and 
interesting  island  in  the  Indian  ocean,  which 
lately  came  under  the  protection  of  France. 
When  he  was  in  his  fourteenth  year,  young 
Ellis  came  to  Canada,  and  in  1863  he  matri- 
culated at  University  College,  Toronto,  and 
four  years  afterwards  took  his  B.%..  degree. 
During  his  university  career,  he  was  a  dili- 
gent and  successful  student,  particularly 
distinguishing  himself  in  science,  for  the 
study  of  which  he  had  an  inherited  taste, 
and  a  great  natural  aptitude.  While  an  un- 
dergraduate, he  became  a  member  of  the 
University  Rifle  corps,  of  which  he  was  after- 
wards made  captain  ;  and  in  June,  1866, 
was  with  the  "  Queen's  Own,"  at  the  historic 
field  of  Ridgeway,  where  the  university  corps 
took  a  memorable  part  in  the  engagement 
with  the  invading  Fenians.  On  taking  his 
arts  degree,  Mr.  Ellis  devoted  himself  to  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  in  one  course  won 
his  M.  B.  degree,  at  the  Toronto  School  of 
Medicine ;  after  which  he  proceeded  to  Lon- 
don, England,  there  to  complete  his  profes- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


663 


aional  studies.  These  he  pursued  at  St. 
Thomas'  Hospital,  where  he  soon  obtained 
the  degree  of  Licentiate  of  the  Royal  College 
of  Physicians,  London.  He  now  returned 
to  Canada,  and  in  1871  was  appointed  Pro- 
fessor of  Chemistry  in  Trinity  Medical 
School,  and  lecturer  of  chemistry  in  Trinity 
College,  Toronto.  Five  years  later  he  was 
appointed  by  the  Ontario  government  in- 
structor in  chemistry  in  the  Provincial  Col- 
lege of  Technology,  now  the  School  of  Practi- 
cal Science,  in  affiliation  with  Toronto  'Uni- 
versity. When  the  college  was  removed  to  the 
Queen's  Park  and  attached  to  the  university, 
Dr.  Ellis  resigned  his  professorship  in  Trin- 
ity College,  and  assumed  his  present  posi- 
tion, the  Professorship  of  Applied  Chenrs- 
try,  and  was  at  the  same  time  appointed  by 
the  Dominion  government  Public  Analyst 
for  the  Inland  Revenue,  district  of  Toronto. 
To  these  important  positions  the  learned 
professor  brings  great  natural  and  acquired 
powers,  an  alert,  widely  stored,  and  compre- 
hensive mind,  and,  though  still  young,  a 
large  experience,  and  the  fruits  of  wide 
study  and  research.  He  is  moreover  an  in- 
teresting lecturer  and  a  successful  instructor; 
and  his  genial  manner,  no  less  than  his  high 
attainments,  wins  for  him  the  regard  and 
confidence  of  all  with  whom  he  comes  in 
contact.  Dr.  Ellis  is  an  active  member  of 
the  Canadian  Institute,  and  for  two  years 
was  its  president.  He  is  also  a  Fellow  of  the 
Chemical  Society  of  London,  England,  and 
a  Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Public  Analysts 
of  Great  Britain.  Dr.  Ellis  married  in  1875, 
Ellen  Maud,  daughter  of  Charles  Mickle,  of 
the  city  of  Guelph,  by  whom  he  has  had  two 
children.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Anglican 
church. 

Robitaille,  Louis  Adolphe,  Que- 
bec, is  a  well-known  and  much  respected 
citizen  of  the  ancient  capital.  He  is  a 
brother  of  Hon.  Theodore  Robitaille,  fourth 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  province  of 
Quebec,  and  now  a  senator  of  the  Dominion, 
and,  like  him,  was  born  at  the  family  resi- 
dence at  Varennes,  P.Q.  His  father,  who 
was  a  notary,  was  descended  from  one  of  the 
oldest  French  families  in  Lower  Canada,  and 
figured  very  prominently  among  the  pat- 
riots during  the  insurrection  of  1837-38, 
even  to  the  extent  of  suffering  imprisonment 
for  his  political  opinions  until  after  the 
pacification  of  the  province.  On  the  mater- 
nal side  our  subject  claims  descent  from 
the  Monjeaus  and  the  Brodeurs,  two  more 
of  the  good  old  Lower  Canadian  families. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Ste.  Therese,  St. 
Hyacinthe,  and  Montreal  Seminaries.  He 


was  oflered  and  accepted  an  appointment  in 
the  Crown  Lands  department  of  Canada 
sometime  about  1855.  Before  confedera- 
tion, Mr.  Robitaille  was  promoted  and 
placed  in  charge  of  the  Woods  and  Forests 
branch  of  Canada,  and  in  this  position  he 
was  continued  until  confederation,  when  he 
became  superintendent  of  Woods  and  For- 
ests for  the  province  of  Quebec.  He  after- 
wards left  this  branch  of  the  service  for  an 
appointment  in  the  Railway  department  of 
Quebec  province,  which  position  he  held 
until  shortly  after  the  transfer  of  the  North 
Shore  Railway,  and  was  then  superannu- 
ated. Though  retired  from  the  government 
service,  Mr.  Robitaille  is  still  in  active  em- 
ployment as  secretary-treasurer  of  the  Baie 
des  Chaleurs  Railway.  He  is  a  brother-in- 
law  of  Mr.  Riopel,  M.P.  for  Bonaventure. 
Having  been  a  public  officer  from  early  life, 
serving  under  different  administrations,  Mr. 
Robitaille  has  never  taken  an  active  part  in 
politics. 

Caron,  Hon.  Sir  Joseph  Philippe 
Rene  Adolphe,  B.C.L.,  KC.M.G., 
Q.C.,  Ottawa,  Minister  of  Militia,  M.P.  for 
Quebec  county,  was  born  in  the  city  of  Que- 
bec in  1843.  He  is  the  eldest  surviving  son 
of  the  late  Hon.  R.  E.  Caron,  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  province  of  Quebec.  The 
Caron  family  is  ancient,  and  many  members 
of  it  from  time  to  time  held  distinguished 
places  in  the  state.  Sir  Adolphe  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Seminary  of  Quebec,  at  Laval 
University,  and  at  the  University  of  McGill, 
in  Montreal.  In  1865,  he  graduated  from 
the  last  mentioned  institution,  taking  with 
him  the  degree  of  B.C.L.  Mr.  Caron  had 
as  preceptors  in  the  offices  wherein  he  stud- 
ied his  profession,  very  distinguished  law- 
yers. At  first  he  studied  with  L.  G.  Bail- 
lairge,  Q.C.,  and  subsequently  with  the 
Hon.  (now  Sir)  John  Rose,  bart.  In  1865, 
he  was  called  to  the  bar  of  Lower  Canada, 
and  in  May,  1879,  was  appointed  a  Queen's 
counsellor.  He  is  the  only  remaining  mem- 
ber of  the  widely  known  firm  of  Andrews, 
Caron  &  Andrews,  Quebec  city,  Mr.  An- 
drews, sr.,  having  died  a  few  years  ago,  and 
Mr.  Andrews,  jr.,  was  appointed  to  a  jus- 
ticeship. The  firm  is  now  re-organized  and 
known  as  Caron,  Pentland  &  Stuart.  Be- 
sides his  attention  to  law,  he  has  formed 
prominent  connections  in  other  directions. 
He  has  been  a  director  of  the  Stadacona 
Bank,  and  was  vice-president  of  the  Liter- 
ary and  Historical  Society  of  Quebec  in  1867. 
But  above  all  other  interests,  he  found  him- 
self attracted  to  public  life,  and  first  sought 
parliamentary  honors  in  1872,  at  Bellechase, 


664 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


but  failed  to  secure  his  election.  In  March, 
1873,  he  was  more  successful,  having  been 
then  returned  to  represent  the  county  ot 
Quebec  in  the  House  of  Commons  at  Ottawa, 
and  has  sat  in  the  House  of  Commons  ever 
since,  and  has  been  twice  elected  by  accla- 
mation. He  always  showed  himself  to  be 
an  industrious  and  practical  member  of  the 
house,  and  those  who  observed  him  closely 
had  no  difficulty  in  predicting  that  sooner  or 
later  he  must  obtain  a  substantial  recogni- 
tion of  his  abilities.  Sir  John  A.  Macdon- 
ald  always  keeps  his  eyes  about  him  for 
talent,  and  Mr.  Caron  was  long  under  his 
scrutiny.  A  very  great  friend  and  warm 
admirer  of  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald  declares, 
however,  that  the  premier  does  not  want  to 
have  near  him  any  ability,  or  brilliancy  that 
could  ever  be  likely  to  cast  his  own  in  the 
shade.  Nevertheless,  we  are  pretty  certain 
that  he  is  shrewd  enough  to  seek  to  gather 
about  him  the  best  brains  that  he  can  lay 
hold  of,  and,  as  a  rule,  he  has  always  suc- 
ceeded in  doing  this.  He  perceived  that  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  would  not  alone  make 
a  good  minister,  but  that  he  would  likewise 
make  a  popular  one,  and  Mr.  Caron  was 
sworn  in  a  member  of  the  Privy  Council, 
9th  November,  1880,  and  appointed  minister 
of  militia.  To  some  men,  indeed  to  most 
men,  come  that  one  opportunity,  at  some 
period  or  another  in  their  lives ;  that  one 
opportunity  arose  for  the  Hon.  Mr.  Caron, 
minister  of  militia,  in  1885.  We  need  not, 
so  .close  to  the  event  which  furnished  the 
opportunity,  dwell  at  length  upon  it  here. 
Like  a  thunderbolt  upon  our  ears  came  the 
tidings  that  several  policemen  and  civilians 
had  fallen  before  a  body  of  armed  rebels  in 
the  North- West.  It  was  the  winter  of  the 
year,  the  theatre  of  revolt  was  far  away  ;  it 
could  not  be  reached  by  railroad,  but  almost 
interminable  stretches  of  wilderness  lay  be- 
fore whomsoever  should  go  there  to  re-assert 
the  majesty  of  the  law.  A  weak  or  incapa- 
ble minister  of  militia  would  have  been  at 
his  wit's  end  in  the  face  of  a  problem,  grave 
as  this,  thrust  upon  him  for  immediate  set- 
tlement. But  Hon.  Mr.  Caron  was  not  dis- 
mayed ;  he  did  not  hesitate  at  all,  but 
promptly  and  firmly  grappled  with  the  diffi- 
culty. Looking  back  upon  it  now,  it  natur- 
ally gives  us  ground  for  the  heartiest  appro- 
bation to  think  of  the  celerity  with  which 
troops  were  placed  at  different  points  in  the 
territories,  in  the  face  of  long  and  difficult 
marching,  and  at  an  inclement  season.  It  is 
perhaps  doubtful  if  there  is  to  be  found  in 
the  history  of  ordinary  wars  a  record  show- 
ing more  promptness  of  design  and  action 


than  this  uprising  put  in  the  way  of  our 
militia  department  to  display.  It  is  a  fact 
that  the  decision  and  speed  of  our  move- 
ments elicited  the  highest  approbation  from 
disinterested  military  spectators.  His  Ex- 
cellency, the  governor-general,  who  is  a  gen- 
tleman of  very  superior  judgment,  recogniz- 
ed the  efficiency  of  the  minister  in  this  time 
of  peril,  and  had  no  hesitation  in  communi- 
cating the  fact  to  the  Imperial  government, 
and  recommending  that  he  should  obtain 
recognition  from  the  Crown.  That  recogni- 
tion came,  and  there  was  no  room  to  doubt 
that  the  minister  of  militia  well  deserved  to 
become  Sir  Adolphe  Caron.  Of  late  it  has 
come  to  be  the  custom  in  certain  quarters  to 
sneer  at  distinctions  like  the  knighthood, 
and  to  declare  that  they  have  been  conferred 
at  random ;  but  in  the  selection  of  Sir 
Adolphe  for  such  an  honor,  no  reasonable 
man  can  make  this  criticism.  In  politics  Sir 
Adolphe  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and  in 
religion  a  Roman  Catholic.  In  1867,  he 
married  Alice,  only  daughter  of  the  late 
Hon.  Frangois  Baby,  who  represented  Stad- 
acona  division  in  the  Legislative  Council  for 
many  years. 

Edgar,  William,  General  Passenger 
Agent,  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  Montreal,  was 
born  at  Birkenhead,  on  the  Mersey,  oppo- 
site Liverpool,  on  the  14th  of  June,  1841. 
When  quite  young  he  came  to  Canada,  and 
on  the  13th  of  October,  1 856,  entered  the 
stationery  department  of  the  Great  Western 
railway  as  a  clerk.  During  the  twelve  years 
following,  he  filled  various  capacities  in  con- 
nection with  the  same  important  line,  being 
at  different  times,  clerk  of  the  stores  depart- 
ment, clerk  of  the  audit  department  and 
chief  clerk  to  the  general  ticket  agent.  In 
discharging  his  duties,  he  was  always  able 
to  give  satisfaction  to  his  employers,  and 
never  failed  to  command  the  respect  of  those 
with  whom  he  came  in  contact.  In  July, 
1869,  he  was  appointed  passenger  agent  for 
the  western  division  of  the  Great  Western, 
being  stationed  at  Detroit,  a  post  which  he 
held  until  the  succeeding  January,  when  he 
became  general  ticket  agent  on  the  same 
road  and  on  the  Michigan  Central.  In  that 
position  he  remained  until  November,  1875, 
when  he  was  offered  and  accepted  the  office 
of  general  passenger  agent  on  the  Great 
Western  line.  In  November,  1882,  another 
change  in  his  career  took  place,  as  he  was 
then  appointed  assistant-general  passenger 
agent  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  His 
new  functions  necessitated  his  removal  to 
Toronto,  where  he  made  many  friends  dur- 
ing his  stay  of  some  twenty  months.  In 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


665 


July,  1884,  Mr.  Edgar  was  further  promot- 
ed to  the  important  position  which  he  now 
holds,  that  of  general  passenger  agent  of 
the  Grand  Trunk,  with  headquarters  at  Mon- 
treal. He  enjoys  the  esteem  of  many 
friends,  both  among  his  colleagues  and  in 
the  community  at  large. 

Perley,  William  Dell,  Wolseley, 
N.W.T.,  M.P.  for  East  Assiniboia,  was  born 
at  Gladstone,  Sunbury  County,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 6th  February,  1838.  Among  his  an- 
cestors were  the  pioneers  of  America  as  well 
as  the  pioneers  of  New  Brunswick.  On  his 
father's  side  the  family  traces  its  descent 
back  to  Allan  Perley,  who  emigrated  from 
Wales  to  Massachusetts  in  1630.  When 
the  Revolutionary  war  broke  out  a  number 
of  members  of  the  family  remained  true  to 
the  British  cause,  and  being  expelled  with 
the  other  Loyalists,  settled  in  New  Bruns- 
wick. The  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  Hon.  W.  E.  Perley,  of  Sunbury, 
a  prominent  man  in  the  politics  of  New 
Brunswick  in  ante-Confederation  times.  He 
was  educated  in  the  best  school  of  the  pro- 
vince, concluding  his  collegiate  course  at 
the  Baptist  Seminary  at  Sackville.  In  1860 
Mr.  Perley  married  Phebe  Augusta  Slipp, 
of  Hampstead,  N.B.  Being  a  man  of  public 
spirit  and  unusual  energy,  he  early  became 
prominent  in  public  affairs  His  first  train- 
ing as  a  legislator  he  received  in  the  muni- 
cipal council  of  his  native  county,  to  which 
he  was  elected  for  seven  consecutive  years, 
this  fact  alone  being  sufficient  proof  of  the 
esteem  in  which  he  was  held  by  those  among 
whom  he  had  spent  his  life.  The  oppor- 
tunities afforded  to  men  of  energy  and 
capital  in  the  Canadian  North- West  has  had 
great  attraction  for  Mr.  Perley  from  the 
earliest  public  announcements  of  the  great 
resources  of  that  country.  Going  to  the 
North -West  in  1882  he  became  from  the 
first  a  leading  citizen  of  what  is  now  Assini- 
boia district.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first 
municipal  council  of  Wolseley.  and  was  elect- 
ed chairman  of  that  body.  In  this  capacity 
he  had  most  to  do  with  completing  the 
municipal  organization.  He  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  North-West  council  in  Septem- 
ber, 1885,  and  was  appointed  one  of  the 
delegates  from  the  North-West  Territories 
to  confer  with  the  Government  of  the  Dom- 
inion, in  relation  to  important  questions 
affecting  the  North- West  which  were  then 
pending.  In  1887,  Mr.  Perley  resigned  his 
place  in  the  North-West  council  to  contest 
the  newly  established  riding  of  East  As- 
siniboia for  the  House  of  Commons.  The 
elections  in  the  North-West  were  of  absorb- 


ing interest  owing  to  the  close  results  of  the 
elections  for  the  Eastern  Provinces,  and 
they  were  fought  with  keenness  throughout. 
Mr.  Perley  succeeded  in  carrying  his  dis- 
trict, as  also  did  the  other  Conservative 
candidates.  Though  but  a  short  time  in  the 
House,  Mr.  Perley  has  already  taken  a  re- 
spectable place  and  has  shown  himself  to  be 
possessed  of  qualities  which  would  win  him 
distinction  in  any  legislative  body.  He  speaks 
seldom,  but  has  already  made  it  plain  that 
he  possesses  independence  of  spirit  which  is 
unfortunately  too  rare  in  Canadian  politics. 
He  is  an  active  promoter  of  a  number  of 
great  public  enterprises,  such  as  railways 
and  others,  and  has,  even  in  his  short  career 
in  parliament,  won  important  advantages 
for  his  constituents  in  hastening  the  con- 
struction of  the  North-West  Central  Rail- 
way, a  most  important  enterprise,  and  in 
various  other  ways. 

Stcphenson,  major  James,  Super- 
intendent of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway, 
Montreal,  was  born  in  England  in  the  very 
year  and  month  in  which  our  Gracious  Queen 
ascended  the  throne,  June,  1837,  and  in  a 
place  renowned  in  history  for  its  association 
with  a  line  of  English  kings,  the  ancient 
town  of  Lancaster.  It  is  the  capital  of  the 
important  county  which  comprises  those 
great  centres  of  trade  and  industry,  Liver- 
pool and  Manchester.  But  Mr.  Stephenson 
was  not  destined  to  spend  more  than  his 
early  years  on  the  banks  of  the  Lune.  Early 
in  life  he  was  induced  to  come  to  Canada, 
where  the  railway  movement  initiated  by 
the  enterprise  of  British  capitalists,  seemed 
to  hold  out  prospects  of  success  to  energetic 
young  men.  It  was  not,  however,  in  the 
railway,  but  in  the  telegraphic  service  that 
he  began  his  career.  In  1855  he  obtained  a 
situation  in  the  British  American  Telegraph 
Company,  and  in  the  following  year,  on  the 
amalgamation  of  that  company  with  the 
Montreal  Telegraph  Company,  he  was  offer- 
d  a  position  on  the  Grand  Trunk,  and  sev- 
ered his  connection  with  his  former  employ- 
ers. It  was  at  the  Don  Station,  Toronto, 
that,  in  September,  1856,  he  made  his  debut 
in  the  new  calling  which  was  henceforth  to 
be  the  business  of  his  life.  Two  months 
later  an  event  occurred,  which  may  be  re- 
garded as  the  starting-point  of  a  new  era 
for  Canada— the  great  Grand  Trunk  cele- 
bration at  Montreal,  inaugurating  the  com- 
pletion of  the  connecting  link  between  Mon- 
treal and  Toronto.  To  have  been  a  rail- 
way man  at  that  date,  makes  good  his  title 
to  the  ranks  of  veteran.  The  first  duties  that 
were  entrusted  to  Mr.  Stephenson  were  those 


666 


A  CYCLPO^DIA  OF 


of  ticket  clerk  and  operator,  but  in  1858, 
he  succeeded  to  the  agency  of  the  station. 
It  was  the  first  of  many  steps  forward.  In 
1860,  he  was  appointed  train-despatcher  ;  in 
1862,  divisional  telegraph  superintendent 
and  agent  at  Belleville  ;  in  1864,  assistant 
superintendent ;  and  in  June,  1881,  general 
passenger  agent.  But  the  promotion  of 
Mr.  Stephenson  did  not  stop  here,  for  in 
July,  1884,  the  Company  recognizing  his 
great  ability,  he  was  promoted,  to  the  satis- 
faction of  his  colleguea  and  the  public,  to  the 
responsible  position  which  he  still  holds.  Mr. 
Stephenson  is  a  true  Briton,  and  was  not  the 
man  to  look  on  inactive,  when  in  1866 — a 
year  which  not  a  few  of  our  people  have  had 
cause  to  remember — Canada  was  the  victim 
of  unprovoked  attack  from  the  Fenian  ele- 
ment of  the  United  States.  He  buckled  on 
his  armour  with  thousands  of  other  brave 
men  to  meet  and  repel  the  invader.  He 
was  quickly  raised  to  the  rank  of  captain,  and 
in  March,  1867,  had  earned  his  majority.  In 
October,  1871,  he  retired,  retaining  his  rank. 
His  certificates  of  qualification  are  dated  2nd 
class,  March,  1867;  1st  class,  May,  1867.  He 
married  in  September,  1866,  Agnes  Frances, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Captain  Richard 
Arnold,  of  Toronto.  In  private  life  Major 
Stephenson  is  much  respected  and  has  many 
friends. 

UIa*M»n,  J allies,  Q.C.,  Barrister,  Owen 
Sound,  Ontario,  M.P.  for  North  Grey,  was 
born  on  the  17th  February,  1847,  in  Sey- 
mour township,  Northumberland  county, 
Ontario.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of  Thomas 
W.  S.  Masson,  of  Seymour,  and  grandson  of 
Captain  Thomas  Masson,  R.N.,  St.  An- 
drews, Scotland.  James  Masson,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  received  his  educational 
training  in  the  public  school  of  his  native 
place  and  at  the  Grammar  School,  Belleville, 
and  having  selected  law  as  a  profession,  he 
entered  the  office  of  W.  H.  Penton,  Belle- 
ville, where  he  completed  his  legal  studies. 
He  was  called  to  the  bar  of  Ontario,  Michael- 
mas term,  1871,  and  removing  to  Owen 
Sound,  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession shortly  afterwards,  and  has  succeeded 
in  building  up  a  good  business.  He  occu- 
pied the  position  of  Master  in  Chancery  at 
Owen  Sound  from  1873  to  December,  1885  ; 
and  in  October,  1885,  he  was  created  a 
Queen's  counsel.  In  1873  Mr.  Masson  first 
began  to  take  an  interest  in  politics,  and  at 
the  general  election  of  1887  he  was  chosen 
to  serve  in  the  House  of  Commons  at  Otta- 
wa as  the  representative  of  North  Grey. 
He  is  a  Liberal-Conservative  in  politics,  and 
was  for  many  years  previous  to  this  an  ad- 


vocate and  supporter  of  the  national  policy. 
He  served  with  the  15th  battalion  of  volun- 
teers at  Prescott  in  1866.  He  married  in 
July,  1873,  Jessie,  fourth  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  D.  Morrison,  of  Knox  Church,  Owen 
Sound. 

HIill§,  John  Burpee,  M.P.,  of  An- 
napolis, N.S.,  was  born  at  Granville  Ferry, 
in  Annapolis  county,  24th  July,  1850. 
Granville  Ferry  is  very  prettily  situated, 
being  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Annapolis 
river,  about  three  miles  from  Annapolis 
Royal,  the  seat  of  so  many  historic  associa- 
tions. The  country  about  there  is  occupied 
by  many  comfortable-looking,  square-built, 
old  English  houses,  built  by  military  people 
in  the  days  when  Annapolis  was  a  garrison 
town  and  the  capital  of  Nova  Scotia.  There 
is  a  fine  field  for  writers  of  imaginative  liter- 
ature in  the  early  and  even  the  later  story  of 
Annapolis.  Of  a  pleasant  afternoon  in  Sep- 
tember there  is  no  pleasanter  drive  to  be 
enjoyed  than  that  along  the  road  from 
Bridgetown  to  Granville  Ferry,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Annapolis  river,  when  the  tide 
is  in.  All  along  the  highway  is  a  succession 
of  orchards  of  apples  and  plums.  On  the 
low  meadows  beside  the  river,  stacks  of  hay 
stand  on  roughly  made  frameworks.  The 
breeze  comes  down  from  the  north  moun- 
tain and  sweeps  through  orchard  and  mea- 
dow. Mr.  Mills  belongs  to  a  Baptist  family 
and  received  his  college  education  at  Acadia 
College,  Wolfeville,  N.S.,  the  headquarters 
of  Baptist  educational  forces  in  the  maritime 
provinces,  which  was  founded  and  long  sus- 
tained bv  the  self-denying  labors  of  *'  Fa- 
ther "  Manning,  Rev.  Theodore  Harding, 
the  venerable  and  accomplished  Dr.  Craw- 
ley — who  is  still  living  near  the  seat  of  his 
life-long  labors— Rev.  Dr.  Cramp,  the  his- 
torian of  the  Baptist  denomination,  and 
other  able  scholars  and  business  men.  Mr. 
Mills  completed  a  successful  course  in  May, 
1871,  when  he  took  his  bachelor's  degree, 
graduating  with  honors.  He  took  an  active 
interest  in  field  sports  whilst  pursuing  his 
studies  with  assiduity,  and  was  for  some 
terms  captain  of  the  college  cricket  eleven. 
In  those  days  Acadia  boasted  a  good  cricket 
team,  and  in  contests  with  elevens  of  neigh- 
boring towns,  scored  numerous  victories. 
Continuing  his  love  of  Alma  Mater  after 
striking  out  in  active  life,  in  1877  he  pre- 
sented himself  again  at  old  Acadia,  and  was 
honored  with  the  degree  of  M.A.  He  has 
long  been  a  member  of  the  alumni  of 
Acadia  College.  But  before  this  he  attend- 
ed the  law  school  of  Harvard  for  one  year, 
and  completed  his  studies  in  law  in  Nova 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


667 


Scotia.  He  was  called  to  the  bar  on  20th 
July,  1875.  Immediately  upon  entering 
into  business,  he  obtained  a  large  practice 
which  he  still  holds,  being  at  the  head  of 
the  firm  of  Mills  &  Gillies.  They  do  a 
large  business  in  conveyancing  and  real 
estate  transactions.  Mr.  Mills'  father, 
John  Mills,  of  Granville  Ferry,  is  a  mer- 
chant and  shipbuilder,  and  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  also  largely  interested  in  ship- 
ping. He  has  for  some  years  taken  a  great 
interest  in  politics,  and  two  years  previous 
to  the  last  Dominion  general  election,  was 
nominated  as  candidate  of  the  Conservative 
party  in  Annapolis  county.  He  at  ones  en- 
tered upon  the  canvass,  and  for  a  year  pre- 
vious to  the  election  devoted  much  of  his 
time  to  political  work.  His  opponent  was 
Colonel  W.  H.  Ray,  a  man  widely  known 
and  popular  in  the  county,  and  then  repre- 
senting it  at  Ottawa.  Parties  are  pretty 
evenly  matched  in  Annapolis,  and  a  candi- 
date's work  is  never  easy  there.  Mr.  Mills 
canvassed  the  county  thoroughly,  visiting 
every  section  of  it,  and  seeing  the  leading 
men  everywhere.  In  the  May  election  for 
the  local  house  in  1886,  one  Liberal,  At- 
torney-General Longley,  and  one  Conser- 
vative, Frank  Andrews,  were  returned  by 
very  narrow  majorities.  The  question  of 
Repeal  had  decided  the  local  contest  in 
favor  of  the  Liberals,  and  it  was  not  known 
how  far  the  same  cry  might  prevail  in  the 
Dominion  election.  Mr.  Mills  secured  1758 
votes,  against  1730  polled  by  Col.  Ray.  He 
took  his  seat  in  the  House  of  Commons  last 
winter  as  a  supporter  of  the  government. 
As  yet  he  has  not  taken  a  leading  part  in  the 
debates,  but  with  experience,  may  be  ex- 
pected to  give  a  good  account  of  himself  in 
the  political  arena.  At  Ottawa  it  is  only 
the  men  of  many  fights  as  a  rule  that  are 
expected  often  to  address  the  House.  The 
principal  part  of  every  debate  is  by  mutual 
consent  relegated  to  the  acknowledged  lead- 
ers on  either  side,  and  younger  and  less 
practical  statesmen  have  opportunities  of 
studying  the  moves  in  the  play  of  the  prin- 
cipals. While  devoting  so  much  of  his  time 
to  law  and  politics,  Mr.  Mills  has  taken  an 
interest  in  most  of  the  business  enterprises 
of  his  native  town,  and  is  a  director  in  sever- 
1  local  corporations.  A  large  part  of  the 
pple  crop  of  the  Annapolis  valley  is  ex- 
ported from  Annapolis  Royal.  There  is  a 
Direct  line  of  steamers  plying  between  the 
wn,  Portland,  Me.,  and  Boston.  The 
wn  has  suffered  much  from  the  ravages  of 
re,  otherwise  it  would  be  one  of  the  largest 
"^  most  flourishing  towns  in  the  province, 


its  natural  resources  and  advantages  being 
so  great,  and  public- spirited  citizens  having 
at  various  times  expended  large  sums  of 
money  in  many  business  and  industrial 
enterprises.  Mr.  Mills  was  a  member  of 
the  municipal  council  from  1882  to  1887. 
He  married,  23rd  Oct.,  3878,  Bessie,  daugh- 
ter of  A.  W.  Corbett,  of  Annapolis. 

Roy,  Rouer  Joseph,  Q.C.,  Barrister, 
Montreal,  was  born  on  the  7th  January, 
]  821,  in  Montreal,  province  of  Quebec.  His 
father  was  Joseph  Roy,  who  represented  the 
city  of  Montreal  in  the  Quebec  legislature, 
before  1837.  On  the  occasion  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  1856,  the  Hon.  Joseph 
Papineau  thus  spoke  of  him : — ' '  The  one 
we  have  lost  has  left  us  none  but  noble  ex- 
amples to  imitate,  and  not  one  act  or  one 
word  that  requires  to  be  excused."  His 
mother,  Miss  Lusignan,  belonged  to  a  family 
of  Italian  origin,  which  was  allied  to  the 
noble  house  of  the  Rouer  de  Villeroy  of 
France.  Mr.  Roy,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  was  educated  at  the  Montreal  Col- 
lege, where  he  took  a  full  classical  course, 
under  Messire  Baile,  completing  his  studies 
in  1838.  He  then  began  the  study  of  law 
under  the  Hon.  M.  O'Sullivan,  formerly 
solicitor- general  for  Lower  Canada,  and  af- 
terwards chief  justice  of  Quebec.  On  Mr. 
Sullivan  being  elevated  to  the  bench  as 
chief  justice  in  1840,  Mr.  Roy  continued 
his  studies  under  the  Hon.  Andrew  Stuart, 
also  one  of  the  solicitor-generals  of  the 
province,  and  completed  them  some  eighteen 
months  before  he  became  of  age.  He  was 
called  to  the  bar  of  Quebec  in  February, 
1842.  After  a  brilliant  career  as  a  barris- 
ter and  leading  attorney,  he  was,  in  1862, 
appointed  joint  city  attorney  for  the  city 
of  Montreal,  and  acted  in  that  capacity 
up  to  the  year  1876,  when  he  became  the 
sole  legal  adviser  of  the  city,  which  position 
he  still  holds.  In  1856  he  was  unanimously 
elected  by  his  brother  barristers  syndic  of 
the  bar  of  Quebec,  which  position  he  held 
for  four  years.  He  was  appointed  Queen's 
counsel  in  1864,  and  since  1864  he  has  been 
president  of  the  library  committee  of  the 
bar.  In  1887  he  was  elected  batonnier  of 
the  bar  of  Quebec.  He  was  appointed  by 
the  Fabrique,  in  1870,  churchwarden  of  the 
parish  of  Notre  Dame.  This  is  an  honor  con- 
ferred upon  a  very  limited  and  selected  num- 
ber of  persons,  Mr.  Roy  being  only  the 
second  member  of  the  profession  who  has 
held  this  honorable  position.  He  is  a 
linguist  of  no  mean  ability,  is  a  through 
Latin  and  Italian  scholar,  is  well  versed 
in  Greek  lore,  and  is  familiar  with  the 


668 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


English  language,  as  well  as  his  native 
French.  He  was  a  captain  of  the  Voltigeurs 
in  1849,  shortly  after  the  burning  of  the 
parliament  buildings  in  Montreal.  During 
his  career  as  a  practising  barrister,  he  had 
the  important  case  of  Grant  vs.  Beaudry, 
arising  out  of  the  Orange  troubles  of  1878, 
which  was  carried  to  the  Supreme  Court  and 
there  decided  in  favor  of  his  client.  He 
has  been  intrusted  with  several  cases  be- 
fore Her  Majesty's  Privy  Council  in  Eng- 
land, notably  the  St.  James  street  case, 
which  was  the  cause  of  much  excitement  at 
the  time,  also  the  case  of  Castonguay  and 
LeClere,  and  more  particularly  the  case 
of  Lachevrotiere  dit  Chavigny  and  the  city 
of  Montreal.  This  case  arose  out  of  a  dispute 
with  regard  to  one  of  the  principal  squares 
of  the  city.  Mr.  Roy  was  married  on  the 
22nd  of  January,  1857,  to  Corinne  Beaudry, 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Jean  Beaudry,  who, 
for  many  years  was  a  member  of  the  Legis- 
lative Council  of  Canada,  and  mayor  of  the 
city  of  Montreal.  Mr.  Roy  has  a  family  of 
eight  children,  seven  daughters  and  a  son, 
who  to-day  ranks  among  the  rising  civil 
engineers  of  Canada. 

Week§,  Otto  Swartz,  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  M.P.P.  for  the  county  of 
Guysborough,  is  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia. 
His  father  was  the  Rev.  Otto  Weeks,  a 
clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England,  who 
entered  King's  College,  Windsor,  in  the  year 
1820,  and  graduated  B.A.  in  1824,  taking 
his  degree  of  M.A.  in  1827.  The  family  is 
of  New  England  extraction.  Mr.  Weeks 
recived  his  early  education  in  Halifax  and 
studied  law  with  A.  James,  judge  inequity 
for  Nova  Scotia.  His  talents  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  late  Hon.  Joseph  Howe, 
who  took  a  great  interest  in  his  progress. 
Mr.  Weeks  began  life  as  a  newspaper  re- 
porter, and  it  being  one  of  his  duties  to 
report  the  speeches  in  the  House  of  Assembly 
during  the  palmy  days  of  provincial  elo- 
quence and  statesmanship,  when  giants  like 
the  late  Hon.  J.  W.  Johnston,  George  R. 
Young,  William  Young,  late  Chief  Justice 
of  Nova  Scotia,  James  B.  Uniacke,  Joseph 
Howe,  Herbert  Huntingdon,  and  many 
others  strove  for  the  honors,  limited  enough, 
which  the  province  had  to  offer,  he  early 
acquired  a  style  of  colloquial  and  forensic 
speaking  which  materially  aided  him  in  later 
life.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  28th 
November,  1853,  began  practice  at  Brook- 
lin,  Hants  county,  but  shortly  removed  to 
Windsor,  the  shire  town  and  seat  of  the 
courts  and  public  offices.  Here  he  built  up 
an  extensive  practice,  his  partner  for  some 


years  being  his  cousin,  John  W.  Ouseley,  at 
present  clerk  of  the  House  of  Assembly. 
His  business  extended  over  the  counties  of 
Hants,  Kings  and  Annapolis,  and  he  became 
leader  of  the  midland  circuit,  having  for 
opponents  at  the  bar,  among  others,  John  C. 
Hall,  Hiram  Blanchard,  Hon.  John  W. 
Ritchie,  ex-equity  judge,  and  Hon.  James 
McDonald,  Chief  Justice  of  Nova  Scotia. 
His  wife  is  Miss  Ruggles,  a  sister  of  T.  W. 
Ruggles,  barrister,  of  Bridgetown,  Annapolis 
county,  N.  S.  Mr.  Weeks  has  always  been 
identified  with  the  Liberal  party,  and  in 
December,  1874,  was  invited  to  fill  the  office 
of  attorney-general  in  the  government  of 
which  Hon.  P.  Carteret  Hill,  D.C.L.,  was 
premier.  He  at  once  took  the  field  in  the 
constituency  of  Guysborough,  and  having  for 
an  opponent  Captain  Hadley,  a  well-known 
local  politician,  was  elected  by  a  narrow 
majority  in  1875.  After  this  victory,  Hon. 
P.  C.  Hill,  Mr.  Weeks,  and  others,  made  a 
tour  of  the  western  counties  holding  public 
meetings  in  Windsor  and  Bridgetown.  Mr. 
Weeks  brought  great  strength  to  the  govern- 
ment, especially  in  the  debates  in  the  house, 
where  his  most  formidable  antagonist  was 
Douglas  B.  Woodworth,  ex  M.P.  for  King's 
county,  Nova  Scotia.  He  held  the  office 
of  attorney-general  for  one  year  when  he 
resigned  it,  bat  still  kept  his  seat  in  the 
house,  and  maintained  his  reputation  as  a 
keen  and  incisive  debater.  At  the  general 
election  in  1878  Mr.  Weeks  again  contested 
Guysborough  but  was  defeated,  there  being 
a  third  Liberal  candidate,  D.  C.  Eraser, 
of  New  Glasgow,  N.  S.,  in  the  field.  After 
assuming  the  duties  of  the  attorney-gener- 
alship, Mr.  Weeks  relinquished  his  practice 
in  Windsor,  and  removed  to  Halifax  where 
he  has  since  resided.  At  the  general  elec- 
tion of  1882  and  1886  he  was  elected  for 
Guysborough.  In  former  years  he  occasion- 
ally came  before  the  public  as  a  lecturer  on 
literary  topics,  and  always  with  marked  suc- 
cess. Among  his  lyceum  efforts  delivered 
in  Windsor  may  be  mentioned  those  on  Music 
and  on  the  modern  English  poets.  He  excels 
as  a  reciter  of  poetry,  and  has  a  keen  appre- 
ciation of  the  beauties  of  English  literature. 
Although  a  great  admirer  of  Hon.  Joseph 
Howe,  when  that  gentleman  engaged  in  the 
famous  campaign  of  1869.  after  accepting  a 
seat  in  the  cabinet  of  Sir  John  A.  Macdon- 
ald,  Mr.  Weeks  took  the  stump  against  him 
and  met  him  on  many  platforms  in  the 
county.  As  a  lawyer  he  possesses  the  most 
wide-spread  reputation  of  any  man  in  the 
province,  having  great  influence  with  juries. 
His  manner  is  very  deliberate,  but  gives 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


669 


added  force  to  the  pungency  of  his  repartees, 
in  making  which  he  has  no  equal  in  Nova 
Scotia.  He  has  not  been  prominently  con- 
nected with  any  of  the  social  movements  of 
the  time,  although  he  took  some  degree  of 
interest,  in  its  early  days,  of  the  volunteer 
movement.  His  whole  attention  has  been 
absorbed  in  the  struggles  of  politics  and  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  A  bill  which 
passed  the  house  whilst  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Hill  government  gave  rise  to  the 
somewhat  celebrated  Great  Seal  Case  of 
1877.  The  point  was  raised  by  J.  Norman 
Ritchie,  now  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia,  as  to 
whether  the  local  legislature  could  Interfere 
with  the  precedence  which  his  letters  patent 
as  Queen  counsel  appointed  by  the  Cana- 
dian Government.  This  question  was  de- 
cided, after  being  argued  with  great  ability 
by  the  full  benches  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Nova  Scotia  and  of  Canada,  in  favor  of  Mr. 
Ritchie's  precedence. 

Purcell,  Patrick,  M.P.  for  Glengarry, 
was  born  in  Glengarry,  Ont.,  May  1st,  1833. 
He  unites  in  himself  the  best  qualities  of 
the  two  great  branches  of  the  Celtic  race,  his 
father  having  been  a  native  of  Kilkenny, 
Ireland,  while  his  mother  was  from  the 
Western  Highlands  of  Scotland,  a  native  of 
Argyleshire.  He  had  but  slight  educational 
advantages  in  his  youth,  and,  though  quick 
of  perception  and  'remarkable  from  an  early 
age  for  great  shrewdness,  was  not  of  a  tem- 
perament to  be  much  improved  by  the  mere- 
ly literary  methods  of  the  schools.  Had  he 
been  privileged  in  his  younger  days  to  at- 
tend some  institutions  such  as  the  great 
technical  colleges  of  to-day,  in  which  not  the 
memory  only  but  the  perceptive  faculties 
and  manual  abilities  are  trained  and  develop- 
ed, he  would  undoubtedly  have  made  even  a 
greater  mark  in  life  than  he  has  done.  But 
in  the  great  technical  school  of  life  in  which 
he  had  to  make  his  own  way  from  an  early 
age,  Mr.  Purcell  secured  a  training  which 
has  brought  him  out  as  one  of  Canada's  most 
remarkable  citizens.  When  but  19  years 
of  age  Mr.  Purcell  married  Isabella  McDon- 
ald, daughter  of  Angus  McDonald,  a  Glen- 
garry farmer.  Beginning  life  as  a  laborer, 
he  worked  his  way  rapidly  forward  until  he 
began  to  take  small  contracts  on  his  own  ac- 
count on  some  of  the  works  on  which  he  was 
employed.  While  still  a  yourig  man  he  was 
the  sole  contractor  on  some  important  gov- 
ernment works  such  as  great  capitalists 
band  together  to  undertake.  In  this  re- 
spect he  is  a  worthy  son  of  Glengarry.  It 
is  hard  to  say  what  America,  and  especially 


Canada,  would  have  done  to  carry  on  its  re- 
markable industrial  development  had  they 
not  had  such  shrewd,  hard-working,  respon- 
sible men  as  the  great  contractors  who  have 
come  out  of  Glengarry.  Dozens  of  names 
could  be  mentioned,  and  many  will  suggest 
themselves  to  the  mind  of  the  reader  who  is 
at  all  acquainted  with  the  history  of  great 
public  works  in  America.  But  among  them 
all,  none  has  shown  more  remarkable  quali- 
ties as  a  business  man  or  earned  more  signal 
success  than  Patrick  Purcell.  Among  the 
great  works  which  he  has  constructed  are 
St.  Peter's  Canal,  Nova  Scotia ;  section  21 
of  the  Intercolonial  Railway ;  250  miles  of 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  west  of  Port 
Arthur  (this  last  a  work  of  greater  difficulty 
under  the  circumstances  probably  than  any 
section  of  railway  of  equal  length  in  the 
world),  and  many  others  both  in  Canada  and 
the  United  States.  In  the  last  general  elec- 
tion he  was  elected  to  the  Commons  in  the 
Liberal  interest  for  his  native  county  of 
Glengarry  after  a  hard  contest,  his  opponent 
being  the  sitting  member,  Mr.  Donald  Mc- 
Master,  also  a  native  of  the  county.  The 
seat  has  been  contested,  and  at  this  writing 
the  case  is  still  pending  before  the  Supreme 
Court.  Mr.  Purcell  is  not  only  a  shrewd 
business  man,  but  a  man  of  broad  and  gen- 
erous sympathies.  He  uses  his  great  wealth 
to  help  his  friends,  loaning  money  at  nom- 
inal interest  in  a  way  to  win  the  gratitude  of 
many  men  who  but  for  him  would  find  it 
impossible  to  get  a  good  start  in  life.  He 
also  gives  large  sums  for  charitable  and 
benevolent  purposes.  In  religion  Mr.  Pur- 
cell is  a  Roman  Catholic. 

.Naiiicl,  Ouillaume  Alphonse,  St. 
Jerome,  Quebec,  M.P.P.  for  Terrebonne, 
Editor  of  La  Press  and  Le  Nord  news- 
papers, was  born  in  November,  1852,  at 
St.  Jerome,  in  the  county  of  Terrebonne, 
Quebec  province.  His  father,  Guillaume 
Nantel,  was  in  his  lifetime  a  lieutenant  in 
the  militia,  and  although  he  came  from  St. 
Eustache,  was  a  thorough  loyalist.  He 
died  in  February,  1857,  leaving  a  family  of 
nine  children.  His  mother,  Adelaide  Des- 
jardiner,  was  born  in  Ste.  Therese,Terrebone 
county.  One  of  his  brothers,  the  Rev.  A. 
Nantel,  has  been  superior  of  the  Ste.  Therese 
Seminary  for  about  fifteen  years,  and  in 
1883  established  a  fine  college  in  that  place. 
Another  brother,  P.  Nantel,  is  a  school  in- 
spector, and  his  youngest  brother,  Bruno 
Nantel,  has  been  for  a  long  time  a  law 
partner  of  the  Hon.  M.  Taillon,  and  is  now 
practising  at  St.  Jerome.  He  is  the  rising 
barrister  for  the  county  of  Terrebone. 


670 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Young  Nantel,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
received  his  education  at  the  college  of  Ste. 
Therese,  and  was  a  very  successful  student, 
having  carried  off  several  first- class  prizes. 
In  1873  he  obtained  a  second  class  certifi- 
cate at  the  Montreal  military  school,  and  in 
1881  he  was  made  first  lieutenant  in  the 
eighth  company  of  the  65th  battalion.  He 
takes  a  deep  interest,  with  Father  Labelle, 
in  colonization,  and  is  greatly  interested  in 
the  settlement  of  the  northern  townships  of 
the  Ottawa  valley.  He  is  a  director  of  the 
Montreal  and  Western  Railway  Company, 
which  proposes  to  build  a  railroad — already 
largely  subsidized  by  the  government — from 
St.  Jerome  to  Normininque  Lake,  in  the 
county  of  Ottawa,  and  from  Normininque 
Lake  up  to  Terrierdeninque  Lake,  which 
line  when  built  will  cross  the  most  fertile 
belt,  in  which  is  found  the  finest  timber  and 
minerals  in  Ottawa  and  Pontiac  counties. 
Is  also  interested  in  the  "Le  Grande  Nord  " 
railway  from  St.  Jerome  to  St.  Juliene,  in 
Montcalm  county.  Mr.  Nantel  was  called  to 
the  bar  of  Quebec  province  on  the  10th  July, 
1875,  and  practised  his  profession  alone  in 
Montreal,  up  to  January,  1877,  when  he 
joined  in  partnership  the  Hon.  M.  J.  A. 
Ouimet,  M.P.  and  now  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Commons.  This  partnership  having  been 
dissolved,  he  again  practised  alone  for  a  year, 
when,  in  1881  he  left  Montreal,  and  joining 
his  brother,  B.  Nantel,  in  St.  Jerome,  suc- 
cessfully carried  on  business  in  that  place 
till  the  1st  of  May,  1886.  In  April  of  that 
year,  Mr.  Nantel,  along  with  C.  Marchand, 
purchased  Le  Nord,  a  local  and  coloni- 
zation newspaper,  but  his  partner  having 
given  up  his  connection  with  the  paper  the 
following  December,  he  has  himself  since 
then  conducted  it.  In  November,  he  and 
Mr.  Wintele  bought  out  La  Press,  one  of  the 
leading  French  papers.  In  1882,  at  the 
general  election  of  that  year,  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Quebec  legislature  for 
the  county  of  Terrebone,  beating  his  op- 
ponent, E.  A.  Poivier,  by  a  majority  of 
seven  hundred  and  fifty-three  votes.  Mr. 
Nantel  is  a  strong  Conservative  in  politics, 
and  contends  that  Canadians  should  govern 
Canada,  and  each  province  be  permitted  to 
stand  by  itself,  that  we  must  have  a  national 
policy,  such  as  shall  foster  our  own  trade 
and  commerce,  agriculture,  etc,,  so  as  to 
make  our  country  independent  of  all  out- 
siders. He  strongly  advocates  in  his  papers 
the  building  of  railways,  the  opening  up  of 
mines,  the  advancement  of  agriculture,  the 
creation  of  factories,  industrial  learning, 
manual  training  in  our  seminaries  of  learn- 


ing, and  everything  else  possible  that  can 
make  the  people  more  learned  and  prosper- 
ous. In  1884,  while  a  member  of  the  Que- 
bec legislature,  Mr.  Nantel  was  one  of  the 
commissioners  appointed  to  investigate  the 
charges  preferred  against  Hon.  Mr.  Mercier 
and  the  late  Judge  Mousseau.  In  religion 
he  is  a  Roman  Catholic,  but  favors  the 
most  liberal  tolerance  to  all  other  sects.  He 
thinks  there  is  room  enough  in  Canada  for 
people  professing  all  the  different  creeds  of 
Christendom,  and  also  for  men  of  all  nation- 
alities, and  would  be  only  too  happy  to  see 
the  indigent  and  down-trodden  people  of 
Europe  make  their  home  with  us,  and  be- 
come partakers  with  us  in  all  the  liberty  and 
independence  we  possess.  He  was  opposed 
to  the  execution  of  Riel. 

Macdoiialcl,  Right  Hon.  Sir  John 
Alexander,  K.C.M.G.,  D.C.L.,  LL.D., 
Premier  of  Canada,  was  born  in  Glasgow, 
on  the  Llth  January,  1815.  He  came  to 
Canada  in  1820  with  his  parents,  who  first 
settled  near  Kingston,  but  after  a  few 
years  removed  to  a  farm  on  the  Bay  of 
Quint^.  Meanwhile  the  future  premier  of 
Canada  was  left  at  Kingston,  the  grammar 
school  of  which  he  attended  until  he  was 
about  fifteen  years  of  age,  when  he  began  the 
study  of  law.  When  he  had  reached  his 
twenty-first  year  he  was  called  to  the  bar.  He 
has  been  described  by  a  writer  in  The  Week 
as  a  lively  youth,  a  good  scholar,  and  a 
voluminous  reader  ;  but  his  talents  were 
not  considered  extraordinary  and  he  owed 
his  election  as  member  for  Kingston,  thir- 
teen years  after  his  call  to  the  bar,  more  to 
his  personal  popularity  than  to  his  abilities. 
In  a  democratic  country  a  good  memory  for 
faces  and  names,  a  frank  and  cordial  manner 
of  speech,  a  willingness  to  say  yes  rather 
than  no,  are  wonderful  aids  to  an  aspirant 
in  public  life.  Add  readiness  of  speech  in 
public,  and  self-confidence,  and  they  will 
outweigh,  for  a  time  at  least,  the  soundest 
judgment,  the  most  extensive  knowledge, 
and  the  warmest  patriotism.  It  is  not 
wonderful,  therefore,  that  Mr.  Macdonald's 
popular  address  should  have  brought  him 
early  into  the  political  field.  In  ]  841  (says 
the  writer  from  whom  we  have  already 
quoted),  Canada  was  granted  a  constitution, 
as  the  Liberals  understood  it,  a  transcript 
of  that  of  Britain — the  Governor  in  place  of 
the  Queen,  bound  to  accept  the  legislation 
voted  by  the  people's  representatives,  and 
to  receive  advisers  of  whom  they  approved. 
Sir  Charles  Bagot  accepted  this  view  of  the 
constitution,  but  when  Sir  Charles  Metcalfe 
became  governor  there  came  a  change  of  tac- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


671 


tics.  Responsible  government  was  a  new  idea 
in  colonial  politics,  and  to  very  many  unwel- 
come. Metcalfe  was  an  honest,  and  in  some 
ways,  an  able  man  ;  but  he  had  served  in 
India,  and  could  not  accept  readily  the 
notion  that  a  dependency  of  the  empire 
could  be  at  once  free  and  loyal.  He  re- 
fused to  make  an  appointment  asked  by  his 
ministers  ;  they  resigned  ;  he  called  in 
others  and  appealed  to  the  people.  In 
Upper  Canada  he  was  sustained  by  an  enor- 
mous majority ;  in  Lower  Canada  he  was 
defeated  as  decisively  ;  his  ministers  had 
only  a  small  majority,  varying  from  two  to 
eight.  Lord  Metcalfe,  who  was  in  ill  health 
gave  up  the  contest  and  his  office.  Lord 
Elgin  succeded  him  ;  another  election  was 
held,  and  the  friends  of  responsible  govern- 
ment returned  to  power,  supported  by  a  large 
majority  in  the  House  of  Assembly.  In  this 
contest  Mr.  Macdonald  was  a  loyal  supporter 
of  Lord  Metcalfe,  and  took  office  in  his  gov- 
ernment first  as  receiver-general  and  after- 
wards as  commissioner  of  crown  lands.  It 
is  improbable  that  a  politican  so  shrewd  as 
he  could  have  been  sanguine  of  preventing 
the  introduction  of  responsible  govern- 
ment into  Canada  for  any  length  of  time. 
But  he  was  then,  and  is  now,  in  spite  of 
many  concessions  to  popular  feeling,  a  Con- 
servative of  the  British  type,  on  the  side  of 
the  classes,  distrusting  the  masses,  and  re- 
solved at  whatever  cost  to  maintain  inviolate 
the  supremacy  of  the  Crown.  In  this  fact 
is  to  be  found  the  key  to  his  policy  during 
his  forty-three  years  of  public  life.  Fond 
of  power,  eager  for  success,  indifferent  as 
to  the  means  of  obtaining  it,  he  has  through- 
out been  true  to  his  flag.  The  ministry 
formed  by  Messrs.  Baldwin  and  Lafontaine, 
under  Lord  Elgin,  did  not  remain  long  in 
power.  It  was  assailed  by  the  Conserva- 
tives for  proposing  to  pay  losses  incurred  by 
residents  of  Lower  Canada  during  the  re- 
bellion, a  measure  not  called  for  by  the 
country  at  large,  but  pressed  upon  the  gov- 
ernment by  Mr.  Lafontaine,  a  man  of  great 
ability  and  strength  of  will.  Mr.  Macdon- 
ald opposed  the  bill  temperately,  and  was 
not  believed  to  have  given  countenance  to 
the  violent  proceedings  which  followed  its 
passage.  Nor  did  he  take  an  active  part  in 
the  crusade  against  the  financial  policy  of 
the  government  which  the  Conservatives 
undertook  after  the  removal  of  the  execu- 
tive and  parliament  to  Toronto.  In  that 
movement  the  Conservatives  were  aided, 
and  Messrs.  Baldwin  and  Lafontaine  ulti- 
mately coerced  into  resignation,  by  the 
"original  Clear  Grits,"  under  the  leader- 


ship of  Hon.  Malcolm  Cameron  and  Hon. 
W.  H.  Merritt.  Mr.  Baldwin  was  the  most 
venerable  figure  in  our  political  history, 
pure,  honorable,  high-minded,  and  during 
the  struggle  for  responsible  government 
rendered  incalculable  service  to  his  party 
and  cause.  But  he  was  a  Whig  rather  than 
a  Radical,  a  High  Churchman,  and  there- 
fore opposed  to  the  secularisation  of  the 
clergy  reserves,  and  incapable  of  stooping 
to  the  arts  of  the  politician.  He  retired  with 
Mr.  Lafontaine,  and  Mr.  Hincks  became  pre- 
mier. During  t  his  brief  reign  George 
Brown  commenced  his  agitation  for  repre- 
sentation by  population,  the  secularisation 
of  the  clergy  reserves,  and  against  the  fur- 
ther extension  of  the  Separate  School  sys- 
tem in  Upper  Canada,  and  at  the  election 
of  1854  John  A.  Macdonald  took  an  active 
part  in  inducing  Conservative  candidates 
to  accept  the  secularisation  plank  of  Mr. 
Brown's  platform,  receiving  in  return  the 
support  of  the  powerful  section  of  Reformers 
who  went  into  opposition  to  Mr.  Hincks  on 
that  and  other  questions.  The  result  was 
the  defeat  of  the  government  and  the  re- 
turn of  the  Conservatives  to  office  under 
the  leadership  of  Sir  Allan  MacNab  and  Mr. 
Morin,  Mr.  Macdonald  taking  the  office  of 
attorney -general  west,  and  practically  the 
leadership  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  being 
infinitely  superior  to  his  nominal  chief  in 
all  that  constitutes  an  effective  parliamen- 
tarian. Mr.  Macdonald  then  became,  for 
the  first  time,  an  influential  legislator,  in 
the  prime  of  life  and  fullest  measure  of  his 
intellectual  power.  Mr.  Macdonald  took 
care  in  commuting  the  claims  of  existing 
clerical  incumbents  that  great  liberality 
should  be  shown.  Simultaneously  with  this 
measure — the  price  in  fact  paid  to  the 
French  Canadians  for  permitting  the  sec- 
ularisation of  the  reserves —  a  bill  was  passed 
to  abolish  the  seignorial  tenure  in  Lower 
Canada,  and  emancipate  the  habitants  from 
their  feudal  dues.  Hitherto  Mr.  Macdon- 
ald had  been  opposed  to  French  Canadians 
as  a  class,  and  he  now  appeared  as  their 
ally.  He  himself  had  no  fancy  for  reform 
or  change,  and  rightly  judged  that  the 
French  would  prefer  conservatism  to  liber- 
alism. The  alliance  thus  formed  was  not 
broken  till  the  execution  of  Riel,  and  the 
effects  of  that  deed  of  justice  are  not  likely 
to  be  lasting.  It  must  not  be  inferred, 
however,  that  Sir  John  has  placed  himself 
under  the  control  of  the  French.  He  has 
helped  to  build  their  railways  in  liberal 
fashion,  but  has  resisted  successfully  many 
demands  besides  the  pardon  of  Riel.  They 


672 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


would  gladly  have  had  a  land  endowment 
for  the  Catholic  church  in  Manitoba  and  aid 
to  send  French  emigrants  thither,  but  he 
yielded  neither.  At  critical  moments  they 
have  forced  concessions  from  him,  but  he 
has  always  made  a  stout  fight,  and  the 
money  demanded  has  generally  been  spent 
in  the  development  of  the  resources  of  the 
province.  Very  early  in  his  career  as  min- 
ister, Mr.  Macdonald  was  met  by  a  demand 
for  further  subsidies  to  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  and  he  gave  them  freely.  His 
warmest  admirer  will  not  say  that  he  is  an 
economist  even  now,  when  old  age  might 
have  been  expected  to  bring  carefulness. 
But  in  youth  he  was  lavish  both  in  his  own 
expenditure  and  that  of  the  country.  His 
best  defence  as  to  the  latter  is  that  the 
country  has  advanced  under  his  care  ;  that 
though  the  public  debt  is  large,  there  is  a 
great  deal  to  show  for  it.  The  inception  of 
the  great  public  works  of  the  country,  how- 
ever, did  not  come  from  him.  The  Grand 
Trunk  was  commenced  by  the  late  Sir 
Francis  Hincks,  the  annexation  of  the  North- 
West  was  pressed  upon  parliament  by  the 
late  Hon.  George  Brown,  and  the  Canadian 
Pacific  was  begun,  and  large  sums  spent  up- 
on it,  by  Hon.  Alexander  Mackenzie.  But 
Sir  John  carried  all  these  to  completion, 
and  may  fairly  claim  renown  on  their  ac- 
count. He  cannot  be  said  to  have  a  crea- 
tive mind,  but  in  dexterity,  perseverance, 
and  courage  in  carrying  through  important 
measures  he  stands  unrivalled  among  Cana- 
dian statesmen,  and  few  elsewhere  can  be 
held  to  have  surpassed  him.  Sir  John  was 
singularly  favored  by  circumstances  in  the 
construction  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Rail- 
way. Mr.  Mackenzie  helped  him  by  the 
construction  of  the  line  from  Pembina  and 
Port  Arthur  to  Winnipeg.  Sir  John  made 
a  fiasco  with  Sir  Hugh  Allan  in  1871,  and 
the  latter  was  no  longer  available  as  a  con- 
tractor in  1878.  But  it  happened  that  three 
Canadians  had  lately  acquired  great  for- 
tunes in  railway  enterprises,  and  were  able 
and  willing  to  enter  upon  new  efforts.  But 
for  these  circumstances  Sir  John  might  have 
been  compelled  to  build  the  Canadian  Pacific 
with  public  loans,  by  very  slow  degrees. 
With  the  aid  of  these  capitalists  he  had  but 
to  guarantee  an  issue  of  government  de- 
bentures to  secure  immediate  construction 
of  the  road  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific. 
His  policy  was  assailed,  and  not  without 
reason,  because  the  difficulties  were  great 
and  the  means  of  overcoming  them  not  ob- 
vious to  the  public.  But  the  result  has 
justified  Sir  John's  audacity,  and  there  are 


few  who  now  question  the  wisdom  of  his 
policy.  The  road  may  not  pay  a  large  re- 
turn to  its  shareholders  at  once,  but  it  will 
do  its  work  as  a  colonising  agent,  and  ulti- 
mately must  be  a  triumphant  financial  suc- 
cess, as  well  as  of  advantage  to  the  great 
territory  through  which  it  takes  its  course. 
It  is  a  triumph  of  Canadian  enterprise,  en- 
ergy, and  liberality,  and  has  directed  to  the 
Dominion  admiring  eyes  in  every  quarter 
of  the  globe.  Sir  John's  extraordinary 
capacity  for  conciliating  contending  factions 
and  individuals  has  carried  the  confederated 
provinces  through  twenty  years  of  their 
union.  Difficult  questions  are  now  coming 
to  the  front,  and  the  wonder  is  not  that  they 
should  now  appear,  but  that  they  should  have 
been  delayed  so  long.  The  British- Ameri- 
can Act  is  a  bundle  of  compromises  put  to- 
gether to  bring  the  provinces  together,  and 
not  meant  to  be  permanent.  If  Sir  John 
should  live  to  assist  in  revising  its  terms  it 
will  be  a  happy  augury  of  success.  At  his 
age  he  cannot  be  expected  to  be  fully  in  ac- 
cord with  the  spirit  of  the  rising  generation, 
but  his  address,  his  personal  influence,  his 
vast  knowledge,  have  always  been  of  eminent 
service  to  the  State.  In  the  settlement  of 
difficulties  at  various  periods  with  the 
United  States  his  influence  has  been  used 
wholly  for  good.  This  was  manifested 
particularly  in  the  Washington  treaty  of 
1871.  His  ambition  and  jealousy  of  rivals 
have  sometimes  led  him  astray,  but  when 
he  is  called  away  his  errors  will  be  forgotten  ; 
it  will  be  said  of  him  even  by  his  political 
opponents  that  he  was  the  greatest  politician 
in  Canada,  the  one  who  spent  most  of  his 
time  and  strength  in  her  service,  and  did 
more  than  any  other  to  forward  her  material 
progress.  "  For  forty  years,"  (says  another 
writer),  "a  representative  of  the  people  in 
parliament,  for  thirty  years  the  trusted  and 
beloved  leader  of  the  great  Conservative 
party,  and  for  twenty- five  years  the  premier 
of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  the  career  of 
Sir  John  A.  Macdonald,  is  in  one  respect  at 
least  unique  in  the  history  of  parliamentary 
institutions."  When  the  Parliamentary 
deadlock  occurred  in  1864,  in  consequence 
of  the  bitter  antagonisms  that  had  sprung 
up  between  our  Canadian  politicians,  he 
joined  with  leading  men  of  both  parties  in 
bringing  about,  in  1867,  the  confederation 
of  the  British  North  American  provinces, 
which  had  the  effect  at  the  time  of  smooth- 
ing over  many  difficulties ;  and,  in  1878, 
when  the  Mackenzie  government  fell,  he 
was  successful  in  inaugurating  what  is 
known  as  the  National  Policy,  which  has 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


673 


been  instrumental  in  developing  the  indus- 
tries of  the  country,  and  in  no  little  degree 
in  maintaining  his  hold  of  power.  In  the 
success  of  these  public  measures,  Sir  John 
owes  much  to  his  astuteness  and  dexterity, 
as  well  as  to  his  personal  magnetism  and 
phenomenal  influence  over  the  great  body 
of  the  electorate.  Quite  recently,  it  has 
been  said  that  the  premier  himself  has  come 
under  an  influence  which  has  hitherto  been 
new  to  him,  that  of  religion,  and  that  some 
Ottawa  revivalists,  in  his  old  age,  have 
brought  about  in  his  case  a  change  of  heart. 
This  is  a  matter  too  sacred  for  the  biogra- 
pher to  touch,  and  must  be  left  to  him 
whom  alone  it  concerns.  Though  he  has 
never  been  known  as  what  is  called  a  re- 
ligious man,  and  however  lax  have  been 
his  political  ethics,  no  enemy  has  ever 
charged  him  with  being  personally  corrupt. 
His  own  words  in  1873,  when  defending 
himself  from  charges  arising  out  of  the  Pacific 
Railway  scandal,  may  be  accepted  and  re- 
echoed, that  "  there  does  not  exist  in  Can- 
ada a  man  who  has  given  more  of  his  time, 
more  of  his  heart,  more  of  his  wealth,  or 
more  of  his  intellect  and  powers,  such  as  they 
may  be,  for  the  good  of  this  Dominion  of 
Canada/' 

Weller,  Charles  Alexander,  Peter- 
borough, Judge  of  the  County  Court,  Local 
Judge  of  the  High  Court  of  Justice,  and 
Local  Master  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Judi- 
cature, was  born  at  Toronto,  on  the  29th 
March,  1830,  and  took  up  his  abode  in  Co- 
bourg  in  1838,  with  his  parents,  William 
Weller  and  Mercy  Wilcox  Weller,  now  both 
deceased.  Judge  Weller  received  his  educa- 
tion at  the  Cobourg  Seminary  (now  Victoria 
College),  and  at  Upper  Canada  College,  To- 
ronto. Having  determined  to  adopt  the  pro- 
fession of  law,  he  studied  with  Boulton  & 
Cockburn,  and  Hector  &  Weller,  barristers, 
in  Toronto.  In  1852  he  was  admitted  as  an 
attorney,  and  the  following  year  was  called 
to  the  bar  of  Upper  Canada.  Having  re- 
moved to  Peterborough  in  1852,  he  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  and  soon  suc- 
ceeded in  building  up  a  good  business.  In 
February,  1857,  he  received  the  appoint- 
ments of  county  crown  attorney  and  clerk  of 
the  peace  for  Peterborough  ;  and  in  March, 
1875,  that  of  master  in  chancery  for  the  same 
place.  In  March,  1886,  Mr.  Weller  was  cre- 
ated judge  of  the  County  Court,  retaining  the 
master's  office.  Since  that  period  he  has  won 
golden  opinions  for  himself  as  a  just  and  up- 
right judge,  and  one  who  takes  a  deep  inter- 
est in  all  that  pertains  to  the  building  up  of 
the  town  in  which  he  has  so  long  resided,  and 
PP 


the  welfare  of  his  fellow  citizens.  On  the 
20th  October,  1852,  he  was  married  to  Mar- 
tha, eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Gilchrist, 
of  Colborne.  The  fruit  of  the  union  was 
two  children,  a  son  and  daughter,  Henry 
Boucher,  late  of  Millbrook,  barrister,  de- 
ceased ;  and  Eliza,  who  is  married  to  H.  B. 
Dean,  barrister,  Lindsay,  and  son  of  Judge 
Dean. 

Belanger,  Louis- Charles,  Advo- 
cate, Sherbrooke,  Quebec  province,  was 
born  on  19th  May,  1840,  at  Rapide  Plat, 
province  of  Quebec  (Flat  Rapids),  on  the 
Yamaska  river,  about  seven  miles  below  the 
city  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  in  the  parish  of  Ste. 
Rosalie,  county  Bagot.  He  is  the  eldest 
son  of  Charles  Belanger,  farmer  and  master 
blacksmith,  and  Arigelique  Renault-Blan- 
chard.  The  subject  of  our  sketch,  Mr. 
Belanger,  has  six  brothers  and  six  sisters, 
all  living,  ten  of  whom  are  in  the  province 
of  Quebec,  and  two  in  Worcester,  Mass. 
The  last  named  two  brothers  edit  Le  Courrier 
de  Worcester,  a  leading  French  newspaper 
in  New  England.  One  of  his  brothers, 
Louis- Arthur,  is  the  managing  editor  of  Le 
Progres  de  VEst,  a  lively  newspaper  published 
at  Sherbrooke,  and  the  only  bi-weekly  paper 
in  the  Eastern  Townships.  His  paternal 
grandfather,  Paul  Belanger,  came  from 
Beauce,  and  was  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers 
in  the  St.  Hyacinthe  district.  The  late  Louis 
Renault -Blanchard,  his  maternal  grand- 
father, sat  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  of 
Lower  Canada,  before  1841.  This  gentle- 
man took  an  active  part  in  the  troubles 
of  1837- '38,  and  was  forced  to  take  re- 
fuge in  the  United  States,  along  with  one 
of  his  sons,  the  late  L.  P.  R.  Blanchard, 
C.E.  and  P.L.S.  Mr.  Belanger  studied  at 
St.  Hyacinthe  College  from  1853  until  1860, 
when  he  removed  to  Sherbrooke,  and  spent 
two  years  as  professor  in  the  old  Commer- 
cial French  College  of  those  days,  and  in 
this  town  he  has  resided  ever  since.  He 
began  the  study  of  law  in  1862,  with  the 
late  William-Locker  Felton,  Q.C.,  who 
sat  in  parliament  for  Richmond  and  Wolfe, 
during  the  years  1854-'58,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  the  separate  school  bill  then 
before  the  house, — his  wife  being  a  Roman 
Catholic  and  one  of  the  most  accomplished 
women  of  her  time — and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Quebec  province,  in  October, 
1866.  On  the  13th  October,  1866,  he  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  H.  C.  Cabana, 
now  joint  prothonotary  of  the  Superior 
Court  for  the  district  of  St.  Francis,  as  ad- 
vocates, etc.,  and  with  him  established  the 
Pionnier  de  Sherbrooke  newspaper,  being 


674 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  first  French  newspaper  published  in  the 
Eastern  Townships.  In  July,  1874,  the 
partnership  was  dissolved,  and  Mr.  Belanger 
practised  law  alone  for  a  while.  In  the 
autumn  of  that  year,  he  and  his  brother,  L. 
A.  Belanger,  purchased  the  Sherbroohe  News 
and  started  the  Progres,  both  of  which  they 
published  until  May,  1878,  when  they  sold 
their  establishment  to  a  company  by  which 
the  Pionnier  has  been  published  ever  since. 
In  1882,  he  started  the  Progrts  de  I'Est, 
which  he  handed  to  his  brother  now  with 
him,  and  to  which  he  is  an  active  contribu- 
tor. He  was  a  member  of  the  53rd  batal- 
lion  from  1882  until  1885,  as  active  cap- 
tain of  No.  4  company,  composed  chiefly  of 
French  Canadians.  From  1881  until  1883, 
he  occupied  a  seat  in  the  council,  and  was 
president  of  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society 
in  1874,  at  the  time  of  the  National  Con- 
vention at  Montreal,  and  also  in  1884,  when 
the  great  celebration  took  place  in  the  same 
city.  Was  one  of  the  organi2ers  of  the  St. 
Joseph  Society,  a  Workingmen's  Mutual 
Benefit  Society,  in  1874.  He  has  also  been 
a  school  commissioner  ever  since  1865.  In 
August,  1874,  he  was  made  honorary  mem- 
ber of  the  St.  Patrick's  Society,  of  Sher- 
brooke  and  vicinity.  In  1876,  he  contested 
Richmond  and  Wolfe  with  Lieutenant-Col- 
onel Banning  for  the  House  of  Commons,sec- 
ured  a  majority  of '114  in  Wolfe,  but  was 
defeated  by  a  larger  majority  against  him  in 
Richmond.  Again,  in  February  1887,  he  con- 
tested the  seat  in  Sherbrooke  with  R. 
N.  Hall,  the  sitting  number.  There  had 
been  no  contested  election  in  that  constit- 
uency for  the  Commons  up  till  this  time, 
since  1867,  but  after  a  most  gallant  fight, 
he  was  defeated.  He  had  conducted  the 
Crown  business  (French  cases),  ever  since 
1878,  and  he  is  now  the  sole  Crown  Pros- 
ecutor for  the  district  of  St.  Francis,  since 
February,  1887.  In  religion,  he  is  a  Roman 
Catholic,  but  well-known  for  his  liberal 
views  in  religious  and  educational  matters. 
In  politics,  he  is  an  independent  Conser- 
vative, but  separated  from  the  present  gov- 
ernment on  account  of  the  North- West 
troubles.  On  October  23rd,  1865,  whilst 
studying  law,  he  married  Margaret-Hen- 
rietta-Bradshaw  Unsworth,  daughter  of  the 
late  James  Qnsworth,  who  came  from  Eng- 
land to  this  country  about  the  year  1852, 
and  was  engaged  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the 
Montreal  Gazette  for  a  while,  after  which  he 
removed  to  St.  Hyacinthe,  where  he  held 
the  office  of  agent  for  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  Company,  and  died  of  cholera  in 
1854.  Mr.  Unsworth  left  four  sons,  one  of 


whom,  Joseph,  is  superintendent  of  the 
government  railway  on  Prince  Edward 
Island.  His  widow,  still  living  in  Sher- 
brooke, is  the  sister  of  the  well-known 
English  composer,  John  Hatton,  who  died 
a  couple  of  years  ago,  in  London.  Mr.  Bel- 
anger  has  only  one  child,  a  daughter,  having 
lost  two  in  their  infancy.  Mr.  Belanger's 
motto  is  "  Live  and  let  live  !  "  He  stands  up 
for  equal  rights  to  all  men,  and  is  a  thorough 
Canadian.  In  1867,  Mr.  Belanger's  father 
and  family  removed  from  Ste.  Rosalie  to 
Cookshire,  county  of  Compton,  where  he 
purchased  a  large  farm,  now  carried  on  by 
Mr.  Belanger  and  his  youngest  brother. 
His  father  died  two  years  ago,  much  regret- 
ted by  a  large  circle  of  friends. 

Berryman,  John,  M.D.,  M.P.P.,  of 
St.  John,  N.B.,  is  of  Irish  extraction,  his 
father,  John  Berryman,  being  a  native  of 
Antrim,  who  emigrated  to  St.  John,  and 
married  Miss  Wade,  a  lady  of  U.E.  Loyalist 
parentage.  Dr.  Berryman  was  born  in  St. 
John,  9th  December,  3828,  and  received 
his  early  education  at  the  grammer  school 
in  that  city.  After  leaving  school  he  began 
life  as  a  clerk  in  a  flour  store  in  St.  John, 
then  in  a  hardware  shop,  and  for  a  half 
year  in  a  flouring  mill  owned  by  his  father. 
In  1848  he  visited  the  West  India  Islands 
of  Trinidad, Jamaica,  and  Cuba  ;  Santa  Fe 
De  Bogata  and  Rio  Hacha  in  New  Gran- 
ada. In  1849  he  built,  in  St.  John,  a  steam 
meal  mill  for  grinding  corn,  and  ran  it  until 
the  fall  of  1851,  when  he  sold  out  and  left 
for  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  subse- 
quently Australia,  where  he  resided  for  five 
years,  and  carried  on  business  as  a  miner, 
merchant,  truckman,  builder,  and  carpen- 
ter. Having  early  manifested  a  strong  bent 
for  the  profession  of  medicine,  after  his  re- 
turn from  Australia  he  entered  upon  a  care- 
ful course  of  studies,  at  first  in  St.  John 
and  afterwards  at  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh, where  he  assisted,  in  his  professional 
labors,  Professor  Sir  J.  Y.  Simpson,  and 
resided  in  his  house  for  two  years.  It  is 
part  of  the  course  of  a  good  student  to  en- 
gage in  actual  work  either  in  the  city  of 
Edinburgh  or  at  the  university.  In  this  way 
a  medical  student  acquires  in  the  rough 
duties  of  a  city  physician  a  practical  know- 
ledge of  the  minutiae  of  his  arduous  employ- 
ment, which  must  afterwards  be  of  great  ser- 
vice to  him,  especially  when,  as  so  often 
happens,  he  elects  his  field  of  labor  in  some 
remote  country  town,  or  on  the  outskirts  of 
civilization,  where  books  are  not  to  be  had, 
and  consultations  with  other  physicians  are 
necessarily  few  and  far  between.  Students  at 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


675 


Edinburgh  frequently  attend  to  outside  pa- 
tients, furnish  statistics  of  mortality  to  the 
official  registrars,  and  deliver  lectures  on 
professional  subjects.  It  so  happened  that 
Dr.  Berryraan's  fate  cast  him  very  soon  into 
a  field  of  work  which  tested  his  practical 
knowledge  and  his  natural  resources  to  the 
utmost.  The  war  of  the  United  States  re- 
bellion broke  out  in  1861,  and  the  demand 
for  men  and  scientific  skill  of  all  kinds,  but 
particularly  for  skilled  physicians,  became 
enormous.  Dr.  Berry  man  went  to  the  front 
and  tendered  his  services,  which,  being  ac- 
cepted, found  a  large  field.  He  was  ap- 
pointed by  Surgeon-General  Hammond  a 
member  of  an  examining  board  in  connec- 
tion with  Professors  Sfcillie,  DeCosta,  Weir, 
Mitchel,  and  Gross,  of  Philadelphia,  and 
Dr.  Smith,  an  army  surgeon,  to  decide  what 
disposition  should  be  made  of  the  three 
thousand  soldiers  under  treatment  in  the 
hospital.  He  saw  many  thrilling  scenes  in 
the  field  of  battle  and  in  the  crowded  war 
hospital.  In  the  rough  exigencies  of  army 
life,  and  amid  the  countless  horrible  cases 
which  war  engendered,  he  had  an  ample 
field  for  his  abilities,  and  at  the  same  time 
had  opportunities  of  perfecting  himself  as  a 
surgeon  in  most  difficult  and  delicate  surgi- 
cal operations.  The  training  so  acquired  has 
been  of  inestimable  value  to  him  in  his  sub- 
sequent career  in  St.  John  and  elsewhere. 
After  the  war  was  over  he  settled  down  in 
his  native  city  and  speedily  worked  up  an 
extensive  and  lucrative  practice.  There  was 
a  great  demand  for  the  services  of  an  army 
doctor.  He  took  an  interest  in  the  volunteer 
movement,  and  served  as  surgeon  of  the  gar- 
rison artillery  of  St.  John  from  18th  April, 
1864,  to  September,  1875.  He  was  also  sur- 
geon of  police  from  1863  to  1875.  Besides 
these  appointments  and  the  calls  of  his  large 
city  practice,  he  has  frequently  been  sent  for 
to  attend  severe  cases  of  disease  in  other 
parts  of  New  Brunswick  and  also  Nova  Sco- 
tia. Dr.  Berryman  first  came  before  the 
public  in  the  role  of  a  candidate  at  the  gen- 
eral election  held  on  the  26th  of  April,  in 
1886.  He  and  his  colleague,  John  V.  Ellis, 
were  elected  to  represent  the  city  of  St. 
John  in  the  House  of  Assembly,  the  vote 
standing,  Ellis,  1673 ;  Berryman  1611 ; 
defeating  E.  McLeod,  1500;  and  R.  F. 
Quigley,  1220.  Dr.  Berryman  is  a  Liberal 
and  will,  no  doubt,  before  long  give  a  good 
account  of  himself  on  the  floor  of  parlia- 
ment. His  large  practical  experience  of 
men  and  manners  gives  him  a  great  advan- 
tage in  politics.  In  1850  he  was  made 
a  Mason  in  Hibernia  Lodge,  St.  John.  He 


married,  on  the  16th  March,  1864,  Mary  A.r 
daughter  of  G.  S.  Brodie,  of  London,  Eng- 
land. 

JafTray,  Robert,  Toronto,  is  a  Scotch- 
man by  birth,  having  been  born  at  Bannock- 
burn,  Scotland,  in  1832.  He  is  the  second 
son  of  William  Jaffray  and  Margaret  Heugh. 
His  father  carried  on  farming  near  the  cele- 
brated battle  field  where  King  Robert 
Bruce  defeated  the  English  army  of  invasion 
led  by  King  Edward,  and  gave  Scotland  her 
freedom.  Here  Robert  passed  his  early 
days,  and  when  only  twelve  years  of  age> 
his  father  dying,  he  was  thrown  on  his  own 
resources.  After  attending  school  at  Stir- 
ling, until  he  was  about  fifteen  years  of  age, 
he  entered  the  service,  as  an  apprentice,  of 
J.  R.  Dymock,  grocer  and  wine  merchant, 
Edinburgh,  Scotland,  where  he  remained  for 
five  years.  At  the  expiration  of  this  time, 
he  sailed  for  Canada,  and  arrived  in  Toronto 
in  the  fall  of  1852.  Here  he  joined  his 
brother-in-law,  John  B.  Smith,  grocer  and 
wine  merchant,  and  was  appointed  as  his 
manager.  The  establishment  was  situated 
on  the  site  now  occupied  by  Jaffray  &  Ryan, 
corner  of  Yonge  and  Louisa  streets,  then 
the  most  northern  shop  on  Yonge  street. 
Three  years  later  Mr.  Jaffray  became  a 
partner  in  his  brother-in-law's  business, 
and  the  new  firm  traded  under  the  name  of 
Smith  and  Jaffray.  In  1858  a  disastrous 
fire  swept  away  Mr.  Smith's  lumber  yard  and 
sash  and  door  factory  on  Niagara  street, 
by  which  a  great  loss  was  sustained,  and 
shortly  after  this  event,  Mr.  Smith  retired 
from  the  firm,  leaving  Mr.  Jaffray  to  carry 
on  the  business  alone.  Being  possessed  of 
great  energy  and  perseverance,  he  soon  suc- 
ceeded in  building  up  a  lucrative  trade,  and 
such  was  his  success  that  in  1883  he  was 
able  to  retire  with  a  competency,  handing 
the  business)  over  to  his  brother,  George 
Jatfray,  and  James  Ryan,  who  now  carry  it 
on.  During  Mr.  Jaffray's  residence  in  To- 
ronto he  has  been,  outside  his  own  business, 
connected  with  many  successful  enterprises. 
He  was  appointed  by  the  Hon.  Alexander 
Mackenzie,  one  of  the  directors  of  the  North- 
ern Railway  Company,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  three  years  looking  after  the  coun- 
try's interests,  the  government  of  Canada 
having  advanced  a  large  sum  of  money  to 
that  corporation  at  various  times.  From 
information  furnished  by  Mr.  Jaffray,  a 
royal  commission  was  appointed  by  the  gov- 
ernment to  look  into  the  affairs  of  the 
"Northern,"  which  resulted  in  a  satisfactory 
settlement  of  the  then  existing  claims.  He 
was  afterwards  chosen  a  director  of  the 


676 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Midland  Railway  Company,  of  which  board 
he  is  »t  present  an  efficient  member.     In 
1874    he   took  an  active  part  in  organizing 
the   Toronto  House  Building  Society  (now 
the  Land  Security  Company),  of  which  he  i§ 
vice-president.     He  is  president  of  the  To- 
ronto  Real   Estate   Investment  Company  ; 
•and  is  also  a  director  of  the  Toronto  Trust 
^Company,  director   of  the   Globe   Printing 
"Company,  director  of  the  Sovereign  Insur- 
ance Company,  director  of  the  North  Ameri- 
ca Life  Insurance  Company,  director  of  the 
Peterborough  Real  Estate  Investment  Com- 
pany, director  of  the  Central  Canada  Land 
Investment  Company,  director  of  the  Onta- 
rio  and   Sault    Ste.    Marie  Railway   Com- 
pany, director  of  the  Imperial   Bank,  and 
director  of  the  Homewood  Retreat  or  Pri- 
vate Asylum  for  Inebriates  and  Insane  at 
Guelph.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Caledonian 
and  St.    Andrew's   societies.      In    politics, 
Mr.  Jaffray  has  identified  himself  with  the 
Reform  party,  and  although  often  solicited 
to  accept  nominations  for  civic  and  parlia- 
mentary honors,  he  has  invariably  declined. 
Immediately    after    the    exciting    political 
campaign   of  1879,  one  of  the  most  daring 
attempts  was  made  to  kidnap  several  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  Reform  party,  ostensibly 
with  the  object  of  extorting  from   them  a 
large  ransom.      Among  those   marked  for 
this   object    were    the    late    Hon.    George 
Brown,  Hon.  Oliver  Mowat,  and  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.     Through  a  chain  of  circum- 
stances,   Mr.    Jaffray   was   drawn   into  the 
snare,  and  taken  from  his  residence   at  a 
late  hour  at  night  under  pretence  of  arrest, 
he  giving  himself  up  to  his  captors  on  their 
producing  a  document   purporting    to    be 
signed   by    Judge   Wilson,    acting  for  the 
minister  of  justice  at  Ottawa,  directing  him 
to  be  immediately  brought  to  the  judge's 
residence  for  examination  relative   to  cer- 
tain  charges    of    a  grave    character.     Mr. 
Jaffray  went  with   his   captors,  having   no 
suspicion  of  foul  play;  but  instead  of  being 
taken   to    Judge    Wilson's   home,    he    was 
driven  to  a  lonely  spot  on  the  east  side  of 
the  Don  and  Danf orth  road,  v,  here,  it  after- 
wards appeared,  his  captors  intended  to  im- 
prison him   in   a  cave  they  had  previously 
prepared  for  his  reception.     The  place  was 
afterwards   discovered    by    two    detectives 
while  they  weie  searching  in  the  neighbor- 
hood.    It  was  dug  out  of  the  hill  on  a  farm 
owned  by  Mr.  Playter,  and  was  capable  of 
accommodating  several  persons.     Mr.  Jaff- 
ray, on  alighting  from  the  carriage,  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  cave,  and  finding  him- 
self the  victim  of  a  dastardly  plot  against 


lis  personal  liberty,  struggled  with  his  cap- 
;ors  and  managed  to  get  out  of  their 
clutches.  He  then  succeeded  in  awakening 
;he  inmates  of  a  house  in  the  neighbor- 
lood,  when  his  abductors  made  their  escape. 
The  officers  of  the  law  at  once  made  great 
efforts  to  discover  the  perpetrators  of  the 
outrage,  and  suspicion  having  fallen  on  two 
arothers — Thomas  and  Ross  Dale,  they  were 
arrested  and  tried  for  the  crime.  Thomas 
was  found  guilty,  and  sentenced  by  Judge 
Burton  to  two  years  in  the  county  jail, 
Ross  Dale  being  discharged.  Thus  ended 
one  of  the  boldest  plots  to  deprive  several 
Leading  citizens  of  their  liberty  ever  known 
in  the  province  of  Ontario.  In  1860,  he 
married  Sarah,  youngest  daughter  of  John 
Bugg,  by  whom  he  has  two  sons  and  two 
daughters. 

JaniicMOii,  Philip,  Clothier  and  Out- 
fitter, Toronto,  is  a  native  of  Scotland, 
having  been  born  in  Edinburgh,  on  the  31st 
July,  1850.  His  father,  Hugh  Jamieson, 
carried  on  the  tailoring  business  in  "  Auld 
Reekie,"  and  his.mother,  Elizabeth  Marshall. 
was  born  near  Musselburgh.  Young 
Jamieson  received  his  education  in  Bell's 
School  in  his  native  city,  and  after  receiving 
a  fair  commercial  education,  was  apprenticed 
to  a  jeweller.  Here  he  served  seven  years, 
and  at  the  end  of  his  term  was  considered 
a  first-class  workman.  After  working  a 
short  time  at  his  trade  in  Edinburgh  he  left 
for  Canada,  and  reached  Toronto  in  March, 
1873.  He  brought  with  him  a  stock  of  ready- 
made  clothing,  and  shortly  afterwards  open- 
ed a  store  on  Queen  street  west.  Business 
succeeding,  he  opened  a  branch  store,  further 
west  on  the  same  street.  At  this  time  he 
had  a  partner  named  Spain,  and  they  traded 
under  the  name  of  Spain  and  Jamieson. 
This  partnership  continued  about  two  years, 
when  Mr.  Jamieson  elected  to  carry  on  the 
business  alone,  and  from  this  time  may  be 
dated  the  success  of  his  business,  now  grown 
to  large  dimensions.  He  shortly  afterwards 
secured  the  large  premises  he  now  occupies 
on  the  corner  of  Yonge  and  Queen  streets, 
and  further  extended  his  operations  by  open- 
ing branch  establishments  on  Queen  street 
west,  and  in  the  city  of  Hamilton.  And  Mr. 
Jamieson  has  now  the  largest  retail  clothing 
and  outfitting  establishment  in  the  Domin- 
ion of  Canada.  He  employs  eight  salesmen 
in  his  retail  shop,  five  cutters,  and  over 
one  hundred  and  fifty  operative  tailors.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Jamieson,  like  the  majority  of 
the  intelligent  Scotch  in  Canada,  is  a  hard- 
working and  enthusiastic  Reformer,  and 
does  not  hesitate  when  the  occasion  calls  for 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


677 


it  to  spend  both  time  and  money  for  party 
purposes.  In  religion  he  is  an  adherent  of 
the  Presbyterian  church.  On  the  llth  of 
March,  1873,  he  was  married  to  Dorcas 
Wilson  Menzies,  daughter  of  William 
Menzies,  of  Edinburgh,  and  has  a  family  of 
six  children,  four  girls  and  two  boys. 

Schiller,  Charles  Edward,  Mon- 
treal.— The  late  Mr.  Schiller  was  a  descend- 
ant of  an  old  family  which  originally  came 
from  Hamburg,  and  was  related  to  the  great 
poet  of  that  name.  His  grandfather,  Augus- 
tus Schiller,  was  the  first  of  the  family  to 
arrive  in  Canada,  having  come  in  the  capa- 
city of  surgeon  to  one  of  the  Hessian  regi- 
ments in  1778.  His  father,  Benjamin 
Schiller,  served  with  great  distinction  and 
valor  in  the  Voltigeurs  Canadien  at  the 
battle  of  Chateauguay,  under  Colonel  de 
Salaberry,  and  was  promoted  from  lieuten- 
ant to  captain  on  the  field  of  battle  for 
bravery  in  carrying  his  captain  when  wound- 
ed to  the  ambulance  under  a  heavy  fire. 
Charles  Edward  Schiller  was  born  on  the 
17th  September,  1819,  at  Riviere  du  Loup 
(en  haut),  and  was  educated  at  Benjamin 
Workman's  Academy,  Montreal.  He  entered 
the  court  house  in  1835,  where  he  soon  be- 
came chief  clerk,  and  in  1847  was  appointed 
deputy  clerk  of  the  crown  and  peace.  He 
assisted  at  the  famous  trial  of  Jalbert,  who 
was  accused  of  the  murder  of  Lieutenant 
Weir  at  St.  Denis,  during  the  rebellion  of 
]  837 .  He  also  took  a  prominent  part  as  offi- 
cer of  the  court  in  the  trial  of  the  St.  Alban's 
raiders,  in  1864,  as  well  as  in  the  trial  of  the 
Fenians  after  the  invasion  of  1866.  Mr. 
Schiller  was  appointed  joint  clerk  of  the 
peace  with  Mr.  Carter.  On  Mr.  Carter's 
leaving  the  office,  Mr.  Schiller  was  ap- 
pointed clerk  of  the  crown,  and  acted  as 
such  for  a  number  of  years.  At  the  advent 
of  the  Joly  government,  at  Quebec,  in  1880, 
Mr.  Brehaut,  the  then  acting  police  magis- 
trate, was  appointed  jointly  with  Mr.  Schil- 
ler, as  clerk  of  the  crown.  On  the  sudden 
death  of  Mr.  Brehaut  in  1882,  the  present 
clerk  of  the  crown,  L.  W.  Sicotte,  was 
named  Mr.  Schiller's  partner.  Mr.  Schil- 
ler was,  without  doubt,  the  person  who 
possessed  the  largest  criminal  experience  in 
the  Dominion,  having  had  cognizmce  of 
the  most  important  trials  that  took  place 
since  1853.  He  was  an  excessively  hard 
worker,  and  the  only  holidays  he  took  dur- 
ing his  term  of  office  of  fifty  years,  was  one 
month  when  he  went  to  New  Orleans. 
Holidays  and  Sundays,  from  morning  to 
night,  he  continued  his  labors.  His  time 
was  so  much  taken  up  during  the  week  in 


giving  information  and  advice  to  gentlemen 
of  the  bar,  that  the  routine  work  naturally 
fell  behind,  but  when  the  new  week  began, 
the  work  of  the  past  one  was  always  com- 
pleted. The  employes  in  the  offices  of  the 
clerk  of  the  crown  always  found  a  true  and 
kind  friend  in  him,  and  when  the  supplies 
were  refused  by  the  Legislative  Council  in 
1880  to  the  Joly  government,  Mr.  Schiller 
paid  the  salaries  of  the  clerks  of  the  police 
court  and  of  his  own  office  out  of  his 
private  means.  The  late  Judge  Ramsay, 
as  well  as  Justice  Johnson  and  Justice  Ayl- 
win,  were  warm  personal  friends  of  the  de- 
deceased,  and  placed  unbounded  confidence 
in  his  experience.  Judge  Ramsay  frequent- 
ly consulted  Mr.  Schiller  in  criminal  mat- 
ters, and  every  crown  officer  who  prosecut- 
ed for  the  crown,  always  found  him  willing 
to  supply  them  with  any  information. 
In  his  entire  public  career,  Mr.  Schiller  won 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all  with  whom 
he  dealt,  and  counted  as  his  friends  many  of 
the  most  influential  public  men  of  the  day. 
Always  a  staunch  Conservative,  he  was  a 
special  protege  of  the  late  Sir  George  Car- 
tier,  who  had  great  confidence  in  him,  and 
of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Chapleau.  Mr.  Schiller 
at  one  time  took  an  active  part  in  the  local 
militia,  and  held  the  rank  of  captain  He 
nearly  lost  his  life  in  the  Gavazzi  riots  in 
1853,  having  been  in  the  midst  of  the  firing1 
by  the  troops.  He  leaves  one  sister,  married 
to  M.  P.  Guy,  Montreal's  oldest  notary.  He 
died  25th  April,  1887,  after  fifty -two  years  of 
consistent  attendance  to  his  active  duties. 

Ouelletle,  RCT.  J.  R.,  President  of 
St.  Hyacinthe  College,  Quebec  province,  was 
born  at  Sandwich,  Ontario,  on  the  26th  of 
December,  1830.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  college  he  now  so  ably  presides  over. 
Father  Ouellette  was  ordained  a  priest  at 
Paris,  on  the  20th  of  December,  1856,  and  in 
1857  was  appointed  assistant  at  St.  Mary's 
Church,  Toronto,  under  the  Rev.  John 
Walsh,  now  bishop  of  London,  Ontario. 
Shortly  after  his  settlement  in  St.  Mary's,  he 
was  transferred  to  St.  Michael's  Cathedral, 
in  the  same  city,  as  assistant,  and  later  on 
was  appointed  rector.  Two  years  after- 
wards, in  1859.  he  resigned  his  position  in 
St.  Michael's  Cathedral,  and  joined  the 
teaching  staff  of  St.  Hyacinthe  College.  In 
1882,  on  the  retirement  of  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Sabin  Raymond,  who  had  been  president  of 
the  college  for  a  great  number  of  years,  he 
was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  has  since 
successfully  conducted  this  popular  institute 
of  learning.  He  is  one  of  the  titular  canons 
of  the  cathedral  chapter  of  St.  Hyacinthe. 


678 


A  CYCLOPEDIA-  OF 


Grant,  Heory  Hugh,  Collector  of 
Inland  Revenue,  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  was 
born  at  Newport,  Hants  county,  N.S.,  on 
the  15th  April,  1839.  His  parents  were 
John  Nutting  Grant  and  Margaret  Mc- 
Callum.  Captain  John  Grant,  grandfather 
of  John  N.,  first  came  to  America  with  his 
regiment,  the  42nd  Highlanders,  or  "  Black 
Watch."  He  married  in  New  York,  and 
having  retired  from  the  army,  he  settled  in 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He  afterwards  served,  un- 
der Sir  William  Johnston,  in  some  provin- 
cial corps  raised  in  New  York  for  operations 
against  the  Indians,  and  saw  some  hard 
service  in  Western  New  York,  as  well  as  in 
Ohio,  where  he  distinguished  himself  in  a 
number  of  engagements  with  the  famous 
chief,  Pontiac.  His  wife's  family  favoring 
the  rebels  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Ameri- 
can revolution,  induced  him  to  leave  for  the 
West  Indies,  where,  however,  his  loyalty 
and  sense  of  duty  did  not  allow  him  to  re- 
main. He  soon  returned  and  rinding  his 
regiment  in  New  York  ready  to  receive  him, 
he  joined  again  as  captain,  and  with  it 
fought  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  when 
Washington  was  defeated,  in  1776.  At  the 
conclusion  of  the  war  he  removed  to  Nova 
Scotia,  his  property  in  Brooklyn  having 
been  confiscated.  On  his  arrival  there  the 
Crown  granted  him  a  tract  of  land  in 
Kempt,  Hants  county,  and  the  part  of  this 
property  on  which  he  resided  he  named 
"  Loyal  Hill,"  and  here  he  remained  until 
his  death.  Margaret  McCallum  was  the 
granddaughter  of  Jean  Baptiste  Moreau, 
who  came  out  to  Halifax  as  chaplain  and 
secretary  to  Lord  Cornwallis.  He  was  the 
first  Episcopal  clergyman  to  land  in  Hali- 
fax, and  his  son,  Cornwallis  Moreau,  was 
the  first  male  child  born  there  after  its 
settlement.  Mr.  Moreau  was  a  relative  of 
Napoleon's  celebrated  general  of  that  name. 
He  was  a  convert  from  the  Roman  Catholic 
faith,  having  been  educated  for  and  taken 
priests'  orders  in  that  church  in  France. 
Mr.  Grant,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  re- 
ceived his  academic  education  in  the  Colle- 
giate School  at  Wolfville,  N.S.  He  after- 
wards spent  some  years  as  clerk  in  mercan- 
tile establishments,  first  in  Windsor,  N.S., 
and  afterwards  in  New  York.  He  returned 
from  New  York  in  1871,  and  engaged  in 
shipbuilding  and  mining  enterprises,  at  the 
old  homestead,  Loyal  Hill.  In  October. 
1879,  he  was  appointed  to  the  civil  service 
as  exciseman,  and  served  in  the  Toronto 


division  until  September,  1880,  when,  after 
passing  a  first-class  examination,  he  was 
removed  to  Halifax,  and  promoted  to  the 
collectorship  in  October,  1882.  He  served 
several  years  in  the  7th  regiment  of  militia 
in  the  county  of  Hants,  and  holds  a  cap- 
tain's commission  dated  October  10th,  1867. 
Mr.  Grant  was  appointed  United  States  con- 
sular agent  at  Kempt  in  April,  1873,  but  re- 
signed the  office,  on  his  removal  from  there, 
in  1877.  He  was  made  a  master  Mason,  in 
Walsford  Lodge,  No.  924,  Windsor,  N.S.,  in 
1866,  and  has  ever  since  taken  a  deep  interest 
in  the  order.  He  is  a  Conservative  in  poli- 
tics, and  in  religion  leans  towards  the  Epis- 
copal church.  Mr.  Grant  was  married  at 
Newport,  Hants  county,  on  January  25th, 
1872,  to  Georgie,  daughter  of  George  Alli- 
son. The  fruit  of  this  union  has  been  five 
children,  only  two  of  whom  are  living,  viz., 
Marion  Allison,  aged  13,  and  Frank  Parker, 
aged  8. 

Wefo§ter,  Walter  Che§ter,  Hard- 
ware Merchant,  Coaticook,  Quebec  province, 
was  born  in  Hatley,  P.Q.,  on  the  27th  No- 
vember, 1841.  His  father,  Oscar  F.  Web- 
ster, was  a  farmer.  His  mother,  Eliza  Wat- 
son, was  a  native  of  Antrim,  Ireland.  Mr. 
Webster  received  a  sound  commercial  edu- 
cation at  Hatley  Academy.  Before  settling 
down  to  business  he  devoted  some  time  to 
travel,  and  spent  about  three  years  in  Cali- 
fornia. On  his  return  to  Canada,  he  turned 
his  attention  to  farming,  which  he  success- 
fully prosecuted  for  eight  years,  and  then 
adopted  a  mercantile  life.  In  1876  he 
opened  a  hardware  and  crockery  store  in 
Coaticook,  and  through  close  attention  to 
business  he  has  succeeded  to  his  entire  satis- 
faction. In  1873  Mr.  Webster  was  appoint- 
ed a  justice  of  the  peace  by  the  Joly  gov- 
ernment, and  for  a  number  of  years  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  municipal  council  of 
Coaticook,  and  also  that  of  the  township  of 
Barnston.  He  was  one  of  the  original  pro- 
moters of  the  Coaticook  Knitting  Company ; 
and  holds  a  considerable  amount  of  this 
company's  stock.  He  is  also  a  director  of 
the  Stanstead  and  Compton  Agricultural 
Society.  Mr.  Webster  takes  a  deep  interest 
in  the  Independent  Order  of  Oddfellows, 
and  is  an  active  member  of  this  benevo- 
lent organization.  Recently  he  was  offered 
the  position  of  mayor  of  the  town  by  his 
fellow  citizens,  but  owing  to  the  pressure  of 
business  he  was  forced  to  decline  the  prof- 
fered honor.  But,  nevertheless,  though  re- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


679 


fusing  to  take  office,  it  is  not  to  be  pre- 
sumed he  lacks  public  spirit.  There  is  no 
man  in  the  community  that  does  more  to 
promote  the  prosperity  of  the  place  of  his 
adoption  than  he  does.  He  is  always  to  be 
found  amongst  its  workers,  and  is  often  con- 
sulted by  both  political  parties  when  any- 
thing is  on  the  tapis  for  the  promotion  of 
the  interests  of  either  town  or  county.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Webster  is  a  Liberal,  and  in 
religion,  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  church. 
He  was  married,  on  the  20th  September, 
1865,  to  Adella  A.  Kennedy,  second  daugh- 
ter of  Washington  Kennedy,  of  Hatley,  and 
to  them  have  been  born  six  girls  and  one 
boy,  a  very  promising  youth  of  eighteen 
years,  and  named  after  his  grandfather. 

Papiiieau,  Hon.  Louis  Jo§epli, 
was  born  in  Montreal,  7th  October,  1786. 
He  was  the  son  of  Joseph  Papineau,  a  well- 
known  notary  of  his  day,  and  one  of  the 
principal  promoters  of  the  constitution  of 
1791,  and  a  member  of  the  first  parliament 
after  the  conquest.  Louis  Joseph  was  edu- 
cated chiefly  at  the  seminary  of  Quebec, 
and  having  studied  law  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Lower  Canada  in  1811.  So  brilliant 
were  his  prospects  and  his  talents  even  be- 
fore this  that  in  1809,  and  while  still  a 
student,  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislative 
Assembly  for  the  county  of  Kent,  now 
Chambly,  and  in  1815  was  appointed  speak- 
er of  the  house.  This  office  Mr.  Papineau 
held,  with  only  two  years'  intermission 
during  his  mission  to  England  as  delegate 
of  the  Assembly  in  1822-'23,  for  the  long 
period  of  twenty  years,  or  until  the  year 
1837,  the  year  of  the  unfortunate  troubles, 
when  he  threw  himself  heartily  into  what  he 
considered  the  right  and  lawful  course  of 
action  to  gain  that  which  the  present  gen- 
eration enjoys,  through  his  and  his  con- 
freres' endeavors  then, — Responsible  Gov- 
ernment— and  all  the  liberties  of  the  British 
Constitution  which  had  so  long  been  denied 
in  practice.  In  1820,  when  Lord  Dalhousie 
became  governor,  he  appointed  Mr.  Papin- 
eau to  a  seat  in  the  Executive  Council,  but 
this  post  was  soon  declined  by  him,  when  he 
found  it  a  vain  honor  without  the  influence 
the  council  should  have  had  on  the  deter- 
mination of  the  governor.  In  1822,  the 
union  of  Upper  and  Lower  Canada  having 
been  upon  the  tapis,  and  the  subject  being 
distasteful  to  many,  Louis  Papineau  and 
John  Neilson  went  to  England,  and  were 
successful  in  getting  the  union  postponed 


for  the  next  two  years.  In  1827,  unfortu- 
nate difficulties  arose  between  the  governor 
and  Mr.  Papineau,  and  to  such  a  height  did 
they  reach  that  the  former  refused  to  ac- 
knowledge Mr.  Papineau  as  speaker,  though 
duly  elected  to  that  high  office  by  a  large 
majority  of  the  Assembly.  The  Assembly 
triumphed,  and  Lord  Dalhousie  resign- 
ed his  office  as  governor,  after  having  dis- 
solved the  Assembly.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Sir  James  Kempt,  who,  after  the  next 
election,  duly  accepted  Mr.  Papineau  as 
the  speaker  again  appointed,  and  giving 
him,  perhaps,  one  of  the  greatest  triumphs 
ever  achieved  by  any  person  in  the  political 
arena  of  any  country.  Political  troubles 
grew  worse  as  years  rolled  on,  and  in  1836 
they  culminated  in  the  events  of  that  and 
the  next  two  years,  which  for  the  time  threw 
Canada  into  a  state  of  turmoil  and  anxiety, 
now  happily  all  passed  away,  leaving  only 
the  fruits  so  bravely  and  indomitably  sought 
for,  constitutional  government  and  unbiass- 
ed representation.  The  so-called  leaders  of 
the  disturbance  having  had  rewards  for 
apprehension  placed  on  their  heads,  Mr. 
Papineau,  as  one,  fled  to  the  United  States, 
where  he  resided  from  1837  to  1839.  He 
then  removed  to  Paris,  France,  where  he 
lived  till  1847,  when  the  issue  of  the  am- 
nesty proclamation  enabled  him  to  return 
to  his  native  land.  He  again  entered  par- 
liament, and  was  continued  thereuntil  1854, 
when  he  retired  into  private  lif e,  and  for  the 
next  seventeen  years  enjoyed  the  calm  of  a 
green  and  sturdy  old  age,  the  love  of  books 
and  horticulture,  and  the  personal  esteem 
of  those  who  best  knew  his  character.  His 
death  took  place  on  Saturday,  the  23rd 
September,  1871,  at  his  residence  at  Monte- 
Bello,  at  the  patriarchal  age  of  eighty -five. 
His  son,  Louis  Joseph  Amede'e  Papineau, 
is  the  present  joint-prothonotary  of  Mon- 
treal. 

Greenwood,  Staiisliclcl,  Manager 
of  the  Coaticook  Cotton  Company,  Coati- 
cook,  Quebec  province,  was  born  in  Lanca- 
shire, England,  on  the  28th  of  June,  1853. 
His  father,  Edward  Greenwood,  was  a  mana- 
ger of  a  large  cotton  mill  in  Lancashire, 
His  mother  was  Mary  Chadwick,  a  de- 
scendant of  the  celebrated  Sir  Joshua  Chad- 
wick,  of  Lancashire.  Mr.  Greenwood,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  was  educated  at 
Longholme  Normal  School,  receiving  an 
elementary  education.  After  leaving  school 
he  entered  the  cotton  mill  in  which  his 


680 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


father  was  manager,  and  there  learned  all 
the  details  of  the  business.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-two,  he  came  to  Canada,  and  took 
charge  of  one  of  the  departments  of  the 
Valleyfield  Cotton  Mills,  which  position  he 
filled  for  six  years.  After  that  period  he 
entered  into  a  partnership  with  Wallace 
Bros.,  and  started  the  Chambly  Cotton 
Company  at  Chambly  Canton,  P.Q.  This 
partnership  lasted  a  year,  when  it  was 
turned  into  a  limited  liability  company. 
After  another  term  of  two  years  he  retired 
from  that  company  and  took  entire  charge 
of  the  works  of  the  Coaticook  Cotton 
Company.  Their  mill,  under  the  skilful 
management  of  Mr.  Greenwood,  has  paid 
a  good  dividend,  and  still  continues  to  do 
so.  Mr.  Greenwood  is  a  Liberal  of  the 
Gladstone  style,  and  in  religion  a  Methodist. 
He  was  married  on  the  12th  August,  1874, 
to  Mary  Ann  Bury,  daughter  of  John  Bury, 
of  Oswaldtwistle,  Lancashire,  and  the  fruit 
of  the  union  has  been  three  sons  and  a 
daughter. 

Sin i Hi.  Rev.  James  Cowie,  M.A., 
B.  D.,  Pastor  of  St.  Andrew's  Church, 
Guelph,  province  of  Ontario,  was  born  in 
Aberdeenshire,  Scotland,  on  the  17th  Janu- 
ary, 1834.  His  father,  James  Smith,  fol- 
lowed the  calling  of  a  farmer.  His  mother 
was  named  Jane  Cowie.  The  future  divine 
received  his  elementary  education  at  Smith's 
Classical  Academy,  at  Fordyce,  Scotland, 
and  on  coming  to  Canada  entered  Queen's 
University,  Kingston,  where  he  graduated, 
taking  the  degrees  of  B.A.  in  1862,  M.A. 
in  1664  (holding  the  first  place  in  the  uni- 
versity examinations),  and  B.D.  in  1880. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  by 
the  presbytery  of  Kingston,  and  was  in- 
ducted into  the  pastorate  of  Cumberland 
and  Buckingham  Presbyterian  congrega- 
tions, July  llth,  1864.  During  this  pas- 
torate, he  discharged  the  duties  of  local 
superintendent  of  schools,  in  the  township 
of  Cumberland,  and  acted  as  chairman  of 
the  Grammar  School  board.  He  was  trans- 
lated, in  1868,  to  St.  Andrew's  Church, 
Belleville,  where  he  remained  some  years, 
acting  as  inspector  of  schools  in  the  town, 
in  addition  to  his  ministerial  duties.  About 
this  time,  having  met  the  requirements  for 
county  school  inspector,  he  was  officially 
declared  eligible  for  such  a  position  by  the 
chief  superintendent  of  education  of  Ontario. 
Having  been  called  to  the  vacant  pastorate 
of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Hamilton,  Bev.  Mr. 


Smith  was  translated  thither  about  1872, 
when  he  was  again  called  to  succeed  the 
Bev.  Dr.  Hogg,  deceased,  in  his  pastorate 
charge,  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Guelph.  At 
different  times  Kev.  Mr.  Smith  has  served, 
in  the  capacity  of  stated  clerk,  successively 
in  the  presbyteries  of  Ottawa  and  Kingston; 
and  while  pastor  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Ham- 
ilton, was  appointed  moderator  of  the  Synod 
of  Hamilton  and  London.  For  several 
years  he  has  also  been  chosen  to,  and  still 
holds  at  present,  the  responsible  position  of 
member  of  university  council,  Queen's  Uni- 
versity, Kingston.  He  was  at  one  time 
caUed  to  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Peter- 
borough, and  twice  to  St.  Andrew's  Church, 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  both  of  which 
invitations  he  declined.  Kev.  Mr.  Smith  is 
very  popular  among  his  congregation,  and 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  all  matters  calcu- 
lated to  improve  the  social  and  spiritual 
condition  of  the  people  among  whom  his 
lot  has  been  cast.  He  is  in  full  harmony 
with  the  doctrines  of  his  church,  and  can 
always  be  depended  on  to  defend  its  stand- 
ards. He  was  married,  June  21st,  1866,  to 
Emily  Georgina,  third  daughter  of  the  late 
Captain  Archibald  Petrie,  K.N.,  of  Cum- 
berland, Ontario. 

Carling,  Hon.  John,  London,  On- 
tario, Minister  of  Agriculture  of  the  Domin- 
ion, M.P.  for  the  City  of  London,  Ontario,  is 
the  youngest  son  of  Thomas  Carling,  a  native 
of  Yorkshire,  England,  who  came  to  Canada 
in  1818,  and  settled  in  the  county  of  Middle- 
sex the  following  year.  The  future  minis- 
ter of  state  was  born  in  the  township  of 
London,  on  the  23rd  of  January,  1828,  and 
received  his  education  in  the  public  school 
of  his  native  city.  While  quite  young  he 
became  a  member  of  the  brewing  firm  of 
Carling  &  Co.,  London,  and  was  an  active 
member  of  it  for  a  number  of  years.  He 
took  part  in  nearly  all  public  matters,  and 
was  for  several  years  a  director  of  the 
Great  Western  Bailway  Company ;  the  Lon- 
don, Huron  &  Bruce  Kailway  Company; 
the  London  &  Port  Stanley  Bailway  Com- 
pany, and  was  also  chairman  of  the  Board 
of  Water  Commissioners  of  the  city  of 
London.  In  1857  Mr.  Carling  aspired  to 
parliamentary  honors,  on  the  Conserva- 
tive side,  and  was  returned  by  a  consider- 
able majority  over  the  Liberal  candidate, 
Elijah  Leonard,  and  continued  to  represent 
London  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  of 
Canada  continuously  down  to  the  time  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


681 


confederation.  In  1862  Mr.  Carling  made 
his  first  appearance  as  a  cabinet  minister, 
having  been  appointed  receiver- general  that 
year.  At  the  general  election,  after  the 
consummation  of  confederation,  Mr.  Car- 
ling  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  was  likewise  returned  as  a  member  of 
the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Ontario.  In 
the  Ontario  Assembly  he  was  appointed 
minister  of  agriculture  and  public  works, 
under  the  Sandfield-Macdonald  administra- 
tion, and  this  portfolio  he  retained  till  1871, 
when  fortune  went  against  the  administra- 
tion, and  it  was  forced  to  resign.  In  1878 
Hon.  Mr.  Carling  was  again  returned  to 
parliament,  and  took  his  seat  in  the  House 
of  Commons,  at  Ottawa,  but  he  did  not  hold 
a  portfolio  in  the  new  cabinet.  However, 
in  1882,  he  was  made  postmaster- general, 
and  this  office  he  held  until  the  25th  Sept- 
ember, 1885,  when  he  became  minister  of 
agriculture,  and  he  has  held  this  office  ever 
since.  At  the  general  election  of  1887  he 
was  re-elected  to  the  House  of  Commons, 
after  a  lively  contest  with  Charles  S.  S. 
Hyman,  a  local  Liberal,  his  majority  over 
his  opponent  being  thirty -nine  votes.  Hon. 
Mr.  Carling  is  not  a  demonstrative  member, 
but  the  same  clear-headedness  and  calm 
judgment  that  had  served  him  so  well  in  his 
important  successful  business  affairs  has 
stood  him  in  good  stead  as  a  parliamentary 
representative.  He  has  proved  himself  a 
capable  minister  of  the  crown,  and  although 
he  seldom  makes  a  speech  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  yet  when  he  does  he  always 
speaks  to  the  point.  In  politics  Hon.  Mr. 
Carling  is  a  Liberal -Conservative,  and  in 
religion  he  belongs  to  the  Methodist  church. 
He  is  married  to  Hannah,  eldest  daughter 
of  the  late  Henry  Dalton  of  London,  On- 
tario. 

Smith,  Arthur  Lapthorn,  B.  A., 
M.D.,  Montreal,  member  of  the  Eoyal  Col- 
lege of  Surgeons  of  England,  fellow  of  the 
Obstetrical  Society  of  London,  lecturer  on 
diseases  of  women  in  the  medical  faculty  of 
Bishop's  College,  Montreal,  consulting  phy- 
sician to  the  Montreal  Dispensary,  is  the 
second  son  of  William  Smith,  deputy  min- 
ister of  marine,  Ottawa,  and  was  born  on  the 
6th  June,  1855,  at  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick, where  his  father  was  at  that  time 
comptroller  of  customs.  His  mother  was 
Jane  Busby,  a  granddaughter  of  the  late 
Colonel  Bayard,  of  Nova  Scotia,  at  one  time 
on  the  staff  of  the  Duke  of  Kent.  He  re- 


ceived his  early  education  at  private  schools, 
and  from  tutors  in  St.  John  and  Chatham, 
New  Brunswick,  and  in  Melrose  and  Gala- 
shiels,  in  Scotland.  He  then  entered  the 
classical  course  at  the  University  of  Ottawa, 
where,  after  four  years'  study,  he  graduated 
as  B,A.  in  1872.  He  then  began  his  medi- 
cal studies  at  Laval  University,  Quebec.  At 
the  end  of  his  second  year  he  took  the  de- 
gree of  B.M.,  and  at  the  end  of  his  fourth 
year  he  obtained  the  degree  of  M.D.,  and 
the  Sewell  prize  in  1876.  He  then  proceed- 
ed to  London,  and  studied  during  two  win- 
ter sessions  at  Guy's  and  the  London  hos- 
pitals, after  which  he  passed  the  examina- 
tions of  the  Boyal  College  of  Surgeons.  He 
spent  two  summers  in  Paris  and  Vienna. 
During  six  months  of  his  stay  in  London, 
he  held  the  position  of  resident  clinical 
assistant  at  the  East  London  Children's 
Hospital.  On  his  return  to  Canada,  in  1878, 
he  began  practice  in  Montreal,  where  he  has 
ever  since  remained.  Shortly  after  his  arri- 
val he  was  appointed  assistant  demonstrator 
of  anatomy  in  Bishop's  College  Medical 
School,  and  attending  physician  to  the 
Montreal  Dispensary.  He  was  also  elected 
a  member  of  the  Medico- Chirurgical  Society, 
in  whose  proceedings  he  has  always  taken 
an  active  part.  He  was  for  some  time  trea- 
surer of  this  society.  He  soon  became  de- 
monstrator of  anatomy,  and  two  years  later 
he  was  appointed  professor  of  botany,  and 
held  this  position  for  two  years,  when  he 
was  given  the  chair  of  medical  jurispru- 
dence. In  1887  he  was  appointed  lecturer 
on  the  diseases  of  women  in  the  same  uni- 
versity. He  has  always  taken  great  interest 
in  temperance  matters,  and  was  twice  elect- 
ed president  of  the  Band  of  Hope,  and  for 
three  years  he  was  president  of  the  Young 
Men's  Association  of  St.  Andrew's  Church, 
of  which  he  is  now  the  youngest  elder.  He 
has  long  been  a  Mason,  and  has  held  the 
position  of  secretary  of  Royal  Albert  Lodge 
for  several  years.  He  has  also  reached  the 
eighteenth  degree  in  the  ancient  and  ac- 
cepted Scottish  rite.  He  has  been  surgeon 
of  the  6th  Kegiment  of  Cavalry  for  the  past 
eight  years,  and  has  regularly  camped  out 
with  his  regiment  when  it  was  necessary  to 
do  so.  Although  he  has  a  large  practice  as 
a  specialist  for  diseases  of  women,  he  still 
finds  time  to  contribute  numerous  articles 
to  the  medical  journals,  to  deliver  an  occa- 
sional lecture  on  popular  science  before  the 
Young  Men's  Association,  as  well  as  to  take 


682 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


an  active  interest  in  everything  that  concerns 
the  welfare  of  his  adopted  city.  As  an  in- 
stance of  his  energy,  we  may  mention  that, 
having  heard  of  a  new  application  of  elec- 
tricity to  the  treatment  of  hitherto  incurable 
diseases  of  women,  he  immediately  started 
for  Paris,  and  remained  with  the  inventor, 
Dr.  Apostoli,  until  he  had  become  thorough- 
ly acquainted  with  all  its  details,  and  he 
subsequently  published  a  translation  of  Dr. 
Apostoli' s  latest  work  on  this  subject.  Dr. 
Smith's  amiable  manner  and  sympathetic 
nature  has  won  for  him  the  affection  and 
esteem  of  his  pupils  and  patients,  especially 
among  the  poor.  In  politics,  he  is  an  ardent 
supporter  of  the  policy  of  the  Conservative 
party,  which  he  considers  will  be  the  means 
of  ultimately  building  up,  in  the  north-west 
part  of  this  continent,  a  great  and  wealthy 
nation.  In  1884  he  was  married  to  Jessie 
Victoria,  third  daughter  of  Alexander  Bun- 
tin,  of  Montreal,  by  whom  he  has  had  a  son 
and  a  daughter. 

15 oak,  Hon.  Robert,  Halifax,  N.S., 
President  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  Nova 
Scotia,  was  born  in  Leith,  Scotland,  on  the 
19th  of  September,  1822.  His  father  WES 
Robert  Boak,  of  Shields,  in  the  county  of 
Durham,  England,  who,  on  his  retirement 
from  the  army,  became  an  officer  in  her 
Majesty's  Customs,  in  Halifax  in  1839,  and 
retained  that  position  until  he  was  super 
annuated.  His  son,  Eobert  Boak,  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch,  came  to  Halifax  in  1831, 
and  in  ]  847  became  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  John  Esson  &  Co.,  wholesale  grocers.  In 
1854  he  retired  from  that  firm,  and  formed 
the  firm  of  Esson,  Boak  &  Co.,  and  engaged 
in  the  West  India  trade.  In  1864  this  latter 
firm  was  dissolved,  and  he  then  continued 
business  in  his  own  name,  and  under  the 
firm  style  of  Eobert  Boak  &  Son,  until 
1875,  when  he  retired  from  business.  Mr. 
Boak  was  president  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Re- 
peal League  in  1869;  became  a  member  of 
the  Legislative  Council  in  1872,  and  presi- 
dent of  that  body  in  1878;  and  a  member 
of  the  government,  being  treasurer  of  the 
province  from  December,  1877,  to  October, 
1878.  At  present  he  is  president  of  the 
Acadia  Fire  Insurance  Company;  vice-pre- 
sident of  the  Union  Bank,  and  the  Nova 
Scotia  Sugar  Refinery;  also  a  director  of 
the  Gas  Light  Company.  He  has  always 
been  a  Liberal  in  politics,  and  has  done  yeo- 
man service  for  that  party  in  the  maritime 
provinces  during  the  last  decade. 


Normand,   Tele§phore    Euzebc, 

Contractor,  Three  Rivers,  Quebec,  was  born 
on  the  18th  August,  1833,  at  Quebec  city. 
His  father,  Edward  Normand,  was  a  well- 
known  contractor  of  that  city,  and  was  the 
leading  contractor  of  his  time,  having  built 
the  St.  Maurice  bridge  in  1832,  and  again 
in  1841  ;  also  Montmorency,  Chaudiere  and 
other  bridges,  as  well  as  the  greater  part  of 
the  wharves  at  Quebec.  His  mother  was 
Louise  Martin,  of  Quebec.  He  was  educat- 
ed at  Nicolet  College  ;  stood  high  in 
his  class,  and  exhibited  considerable  pro- 
mise as  a  student.  On  leaving  the  college, 
he  went  to  Three  Rivers,  in  1851,  and  has 
resided  there  since  then.  He  began  life  as 
a  notary  clerk  under  V.  Guillet,  with  whom 
he  was  engaged  from  1853  to  1858  ;  and 
concurrently  with  this  he  was  engaged  in 
the  office  of  the  St.  Maurice  public  works. 
In  1858  he  set  up  for  himself  as  a  public 
notary,  but  in  1871  abandoned  the  legal 
profession  for  the  purpose  of  following  his 
father's  business.  From  1861  to  1865  he 
was  city  councillor  and  school  board  com- 
missioner at  Three  Rivers.  He  was  elected 
mayor  in  1873,  defeating  Mr.  Bureau  in  the 
contest,  after  which  he  was  elected  by  ac- 
clamation each  year  for  the  three  foDow- 
ing  years,  when  he  resigned.  During  the 
time  he  was  mayor  he  was  the  means  of 
consolidating  the  city  debt,  and  carried 
out  other  important  matters.  He  was  cap- 
tain of  the  city  volunteers  from  1863  to 
1865.  In  politics  he  is  a  Conservative,  and 
has  given  valuable  assistance  to  his  party. 
In  1871  he  contested  the  seat  for  Cham- 
plain,  but  was  defeated,  by  Senator  Trudel, 
by  forty-eight  votes.  As  a  contractor  he 
stands  in  the  foremost  rank,  and  has  a  de- 
servedly high  reputation  for  first-class  work. 
He  was  the  contractor  for  the  bridge  over 
the  St.  Maurice,  which  is  considered  one 
of  the  most  skilful  pieces  of  workmanship — 
so  far  as  wood  bridges  are  concerned — in 
the  province,  if  not  indeed  in  the  Dominion. 
The  bridge  in  question  is  built  in  two  sec- 
tions, one  of  which  is  1,400  feet,  and  the 
other  700  feet  in  length.  The  whole  struc- 
ture is  built  of  the  best  material  obtainable, 
and  is  a  most  excellent  specimen  of  first- 
class  work.  Mr.  Normand  has  constructed 
many  other  public  works,  such  as  wharves, 
piers,  booms  and  railways,  at  Three  Rivers, 
Quebec  and  Crane  Island.  Among  other 
projects  he  carried  out  was  that  of  the  sys- 
tem of  water-works  which  the  city  of  Three 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


683 


Elvers  possesses — a  system  which  is  inferior 
to  none  in  the  Dominion.  Not  only  is  Mr. 
Normand  entitled  to  great  credit  for  the  en- 
ergetic manner  in  which  he  pushed  the  work 
to  completion,  but  also,  what  was  even  more 
needful,  for  obtaining  the  money  wherewith 
to  carry  on  the  work — which  he  did  by  se- 
curing subscriptions  in  Quebec  and  Eng- 
land. He  is  held  in  the  highest  regard  by 
the  community,  and  is  deservedly  popular 
with  all  classes,  not  only  in  Three  Rivers, 
but  in  Quebec  city,  where  he  is  well-known. 
He  was  married  in  October,  1856,  to  Al- 
phonsine,  daughter  of  Joseph  Giroux,  one 
of  the  wealthiest  and  most  prominent  mer- 
chants in  Three  Eivers,  who  died  in  1856, 
universally  regretted.  By  this  marriage 
there  have  been  born  nine  children,  five  of 
whom  survive. 

Duliamel,  Mo§t  Rev.  Jo§cph 
Thomas,  Roman  Catholic  Archbishop  of 
Ottawa,  is  a  native  of  Quebec  province, 
having  been  born  at  Contreccaur,  Quebec, 
on  the  6th  November,  3841.  His  parents 
were  Fra^ois  Duhamel  and  Marie  Joseph 
Audet-Lapointe,  both  of  whom  were  born 
in  Quebec  province,  but  died  in  Ontario. 
The  future  archbishop's  father  was  a  farmer, 
and  having  removed  to  Ottawa,  sent  his  son 
to  the  college  there,  where  he  was  educated 
under  the  direction  of  the  Oblate  Fathers, 
receiving  a  thorough  classical  education.  On 
the  completion  of  his  studies,  he  decided  to 
consecrate  his  life  entirely  to  God,  and  ac- 
cordingly entered  the  Ottawa  Seminary, 
where,  in  prosecuting  his  theological  stud- 
ies, he  evinced  wonderful  powers  of  mind. 
He  was  ordained  sub-deacon  on  the  21st 
June,  1863;  deacon,  2nd  November  of  the 
same  year,  and  on  the  19th  December  he 
was  ordained  priest.  He  was  then  appoint- 
ed to  the  vicarage  of  Buckingham,  county 
of  Ottawa,  where  he  proved  himself  to  be 
possessed  of  many  noble  virtues  and  rare 
administrative  qualities.  On  the  10th  No- 
vember, 1864,  he  went  to  St.  Eugene,  in  the 
township  of  East  Hawkesbury,  county  of 
Prescott,  to  reside  as  parish  priest.  At  that 
time  the  parish  of  St.  Eugene  was  one  of  the 
poorest  in  the  diocese,  and  hence  the  young 
priest  found  it  hard  to  carry  on  his  work, 
especially  as  he  had  the  difficult  task  before 
him  of  completing  a  church  which  was  left 
unfinished  by  his  predecessor.  He  found 
many  obstacles  to  surmount,  but  by  dint 
of  persistent  and  energetic  endeavors,  and 
the  exercise  of  his  great  abilities,  he  suc- 


ceeded, and  completed  what  is  now,  without 
doubt,  one  of  the  finest  churches  in  the  dio- 
cese, costing  upwards  of  $25,000.  Educa- 
tion, previously  neglected  in  this  parish, 
found  in  him  an  ardent  friend  and  promoter, 
and  at  the  present  time  there  are  many  in- 
stitutions in  St.  Eugene  which  owe  their  ex- 
istence to  him,  and  will  long  remain  as 
monuments  of  his  zeal.  And  the  parish- 
ioners, too,  by  all  of  whom  he  was  deeply 
beloved,  will  not  forget  their  priest  and 
guide,  who  for  ten  years  went  in  and  out 
among  them.  Father  Duhamel  accompanied 
his  Grace  Bishop  Guigues  to  Rome  at  the 
time  of  the  (Ecumenical  Council,  but,  re- 
ceiving word  of  the  serious  illness  of  his 
mother,  whom  he  loved  tenderly,  he  was 
forced  to  leave  the  Eternal  City  and  return 
to  Canada  a  couple  of  weeks  after  his  arrival 
there.  Unhappily,  he  did  not  reach  St. 
Eugene  in  time  to  see  his  mother  alive,  she 
having  expired  a  few  days  previous  to  his 
arrival.  Bishop  Guigues  continued  to  honor 
Father  Duhamel,  and  in  many  ways  gave 
him  unmistakable  marks  of  his  confidence 
and  esteem.  In  the  month  of  October,  1873, 
Father  Duhamel  accompanied  Bishop  Gui- 
gues as  a  theologian  to  the  reunion  of 
bishops  at  Quebec.,  where  the  young  priest's 
talents  and  acquirements  were  generally  ac- 
knowledged. After  the  death  of  his  beloved 
friend,  Bishop  J.  E.  Guigues,  the  first 
bishop  of  Ottawa,  he  was  chosen  as  his  suc- 
cessor, on  the  1st  September,  1874,  and  on 
the  28th  of  the  following  month  he  was  con- 
secrated as  the  second  bishop  of  Ottawa. 
Many  persons  were  surprised  that  such  a 
young  man — he  being  then  only  thirty-two 
years  of  age — should  have  been  selected  to 
fill  such  an  important  office  in  the  church; 
but  those  who  had  known  Father  Du- 
hamel for  years  felt  that  his  Holiness  Pope 
Pius  IX.  had  made  a  wise  choice,  and, 
moreover,  that  the  records  of  the  church 
would  testify  that  even  younger  men  than 
this  father  had  been  promoted  to  high  posi- 
tions. Mgr.  Laval  was  only  thirty -five 
years  of  age  when  he  was  called  to  occupy 
the  episcopal  seat  at  Quebec,  Mgr.  de  Pont- 
briand  was  only  thirty-two,  and  Mgr.  Pies- 
sis  only  thirty-seven  when  consecrated,  and 
Mgr.  Tache  was  scarcely  twenty -seven  when 
he  was  appointed  to  succeed  Mgr.  Proven- 
cher,  who  was  himself  only  about  thirty- 
three  when  made  a  bishop.  His  lordship 
Bishop  Duhamel,  is  a  gentleman  of  pleasing 
manners,  and  easy  of  access,  and  possessed 


684 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


of  great  energy  and  tact.  He  speaks  with 
ease  and  fluency,  and  while  his  sermons  de- 
note deep  thought,  they  are  not  wanting  in 
graceful  form  and  style.  His  store  of  know- 
ledge is  of  the  purest  and  most  substantial 
kind,  and  he  speaks  the  French  and  English 
languages  with  ease.  He  takes  a  great  in- 
terest in  the  cause  of  education,  and  gives 
every  encouragement  to  the  Catholic  educa- 
tional establishments  in  the  city  of  Ottawa 
and  his  diocese  at  large,  and  in  his  pastoral 
letters  often  calls  the  attention  of  the  clergy 
and  the  parents  to  the  importance  of  the 
secular  and  religious  training  of  children. 
In  1875  he  wrote:  "  The  future  of  the  coun- 
try and  of  religion  depends  entirely,  it  may 
be  said,  on  the  good  or  bad  education 
which  youth  shall  receive.  Parents  are 
strictly  bound  to  give  their  children  a  truly 
Catholic  education.  This  obligation  is 
founded  on  the  law  of  God.  We  do  not 
hesitate  to  add,  very  beloved  brethren,  that 
parents  are  obliged  to  fully  comply  with 
this  duty  to  establish,  encourage  and  sup- 
port Catholic  schools,  and  to  have  the  chil- 
dren attend  them."  (Tenth  pastoral  letter.) 
In  September,  1878,  he  thus  wrote  to  the 
clergy  of  the  diocese:  "  Another  scholasti- 
cal  year  has  just  commenced,  numerous 
pupils  are  rapidly  filling  the  houses  of 
higher  education  and  elementary  schools. 
Everywhere  those  who  are  devoted  to  the 
instruction  of  youth  rival  one  another  in 
zeal  and  ardor  to  secure  the  success  of  the 
great  work  that  occupies  them.  These  ef- 
forts should  undoubtedly  be  seconded  by 
the  pastors  of  souls,  since  it  is  their  duty 
to  continue  the  mission  instituted  by  our 
Divine  Master,  when  he  said,  '  Go,  teach 
all  nations.'  You  will,  then,  judge  it  right, 
beloved  co-operators,  if  I  invite  you  to  give 
this  year,  again,  and  always,  your  whole  at- 
tention and  most  constant  care  to  the  cause 
of  education.  Remind  parents  of  the  strict 
obligation  for  each  one  to  instruct  his  chil- 
dren or  have  them  instructed  according  to 
his  condition  and  the  means  Providence  has 
given  him.  Frequently  visit  the  schools  of 
your  parish."  Archbishop  Duhamel  having 
made  known  to  Pope  Leo  XIII.  all  that  the 
Eev.  J.  H.  Tabaret,  O.M.J.,  had  done  for 
education  during  the  many  years  he  had 
been  superior  of  the  College  of  Ottawa, 
his  holiness  granted  this  great  instructor  of 
youth  the  title,  honors,  and  privileges  of 
doctor  of  divinity,  as  a  well-merited  reward, 
which  was  also  given  to  several  of  the  pro- 


fessors. To  give  further  encouragement 
to  education,  Archbishop  Duhamel  presents 
every  year  to  the  College  of  Ottawa,  to  the 
Literary  Institute  of  the  Grey  Nuns,  and  to 
the  educational  establishment  of  the  sisters 
of  the  Congregation  de  Notre  Dame,  sil- 
ver medals  to  be  awarded  to  merit,  and 
otherwise  he  spares  neither  trouble  or  ex- 
pense in  providing  for  them  all  possible 
means  of  attaining  a  good  education.  Un- 
der his  lordship's  care,  the  system  of  teaching 
has  been  considerably  improved,  as  may  be 
seen  by  the  present  high  standing  of  the 
philosophy  class  in  the  University  of  Ot- 
tawa, directed  by  the  Oblate  Fathers.  One 
of  his  first  acts  was  to  order  that  no  young 
man  should  be  permitted  to  begin  his  eccles- 
iastical studies  before  he  had  followed  a 
regular  collegiate  classical  course,  including 
two  years  of  philosophy,  and  then  that,  be- 
fore he  could  be  ordained  priest,  he  should 
during  four  years  (three  years  previously 
required)  study  dogmatical  and  moral  theo- 
logy, holy  scriptures,  canon  law  and  eccles- 
iastical history.  Shortly  after  his  consecra- 
tion, Bishop  Duhamel,  with  the  assistance 
of  his  clergy,  had  a  magnificent  monument 
erected  in  the  interior  of  the  cathedral  at 
Ottawa  to  the  memory  of  the  lamented  Eight 
Bev.  J.  E.  Guigues,  his  predecessor.  In  the 
autumn  of  1878,  Bishop  Duhamel  went  to 
Europe,  and  on  visiting  Eome  was  kindly 
received  by  the  new  Pope,  and  among  the 
favors  bestowed  by  his  Holiness  was  that  of 
raising  the  Cathedral  of  Ottawa  to  the  dig- 
nity of  minor  basilica.  In  1882,  his  lordship 
spent  some  months  in  Eome,  in  order  to 
have  the  diocese  divided  by  the  Holy  See. 
He  was  successful ;  the  Sacred  Congregation 
of  Propaganda  having  admitted  that  the 
division  asked  for  was  required  for  the  good 
of  souls  and  the  progress  of  religion,  the 
Pope  erected  the  vicariate  apostolic  of  Pon- 
tiac,  with  the  Eight  Eev.  N.  Z.  Lorrain  as 
first  bishop.  During  his  stay  in  the  eternal 
city  his  Holiness  was  pleased  to  honor 
Bishop  Duhamel  with  the  titles  of  Assist- 
ant to  the  Pontifical  Throne,  Eoman  Count, 
etc.  On  May  8th,  1886,  his  lordship  was 
made  first  archbishop  of  Ottawa,  and  on 
the  10th  of  May,  1887,  was  made  metro- 
politan of  the  ecclesiastical  province  of 
Ottawa.  Archbishop  Duhamel  takes  a  great 
interest  in  the  material  as  well  as  the  spiri- 
tual progress  and  advancement  of  the  par- 
ishes and  missions  in  his  diocese,  and  when 
paying  his  pastoral  visit  never  fails  to 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


685 


stimulate  the  generosity  of  his  flock  to 
build  churches  to  replace  the  wood  chap- 
els built  years  ago,  and  in  this  he  has 
been  very  successful.  Since  the  year  1874 
he  has  dedicated  ten  new  substantial  stone 
churches,  of  which  the  smallest  is  one  hun- 
dred feet  long ;  and  during  the  same  period 
he  has  formed  thirty-three  new  missions, 
nearly  all  of  which  have  large  and  commo- 
dious churches.  Twenty  of  these  missions 
have  become  parishes  with  residing  pastors, 
which  brings  the  number  of  regular  parishes 
to  about  eighty.  During  his  administration 
the  Cathedral  of  Ottawa  has  been  entirely 
renewed  inside,  and  now  presents  a  neat,  rich 
and  beautiful  appearance,  and  may  be  num- 
bered among  the  best  cathedrals  in  Canada. 
His  grace  has  always  taken  a  special  interest 
in  the  charitable  institutions  of  the  diocese, 
which  number  he  has  increased  by  four,  and 
which  now  comprise  four  hospitals,  three 
asylums  for  the  orphans  and  aged  people, 
two  for  fallen  women,  and  one  foundling 
hospital.  To  enable  these  institutions  to 
perform  their  good  work,  the  archbishop  has 
ordered  that  each  institution  be  patronized 
by  a  few  parishes  and  missions,  i.e.,  that  the 
nuns  to  whose  care  these  institutions  are 
entrusted  will  be  permitted  to  take  up  in 
these  missions  yearly  collections  from  house 
to  house.  His  grace  has  also  established  a 
monastery  of  the  Sisterhood  of  the  Precious 
Blood,  whose  aim  is  contemplative  life. 

Woodward,  Jame§  Robertson, 
B.A.,  General  Manager  of  the  Quebec 
Central  Eailway,  Sherbrooke,  was  born  at 
Sherbrooke,  on  the  1st  July,  1846.  His 
father,  Albert  G.  Woodward,  came  from 
New  Hampshire,  United  States,  to  Canada 
in  1837,  and  is  now  coroner  for  the  district 
of  St.  Francis.  His  mother  is  a  daughter 
of  Major  Longee  of  Compton.  Mr.  Wood- 
ward, the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  educa- 
ted at  Lennoxville,  and  is  a  B.A.  of  Bishop's 
College  University.  Some  time  after  leav- 
ing school  he  joined  in  a  partnership  with 
E.  C.  Brown,  and  began  business  as  con- 
tractor. In  1869,  the  firm  built  and  equip- 
ped sections  of  the  Quebec  Central  Railway, 
and  afterwards  part  of  the  Waterloo  and  Ma- 
gog Kailway.  They  also  built  railways  in 
Brazil  and  Buenos  Ayres  in  South  America. 
In  1881,  Mr.  Woodward  became  the  general 
manager  of  the  Quebec  Central  Railway, 
and  this  office  he  still  holds.  For  three 
years  he  held  the  position  of  secretary- 
treasurer  for  the  county  council  of  Sher- 


brooke; and  for  the  same  length  of  time 
was  a  member  of  the  city  council  of  Sher- 
brooke. He  is  a  director  of  the  Eastern 
Township's  Agricultural  Association,  and  at 
various  times  he  held  the  same  position  in 
other  public  bodies.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Conservative,  and  at  present  chairman 
of  the  Liberal-Conservative  Association  of 
the  district  comprising  the  counties  of  Sher- 
brooke, Stanstead,  Richmond  and  Wolfe, 
and  Compton.  He  is  a  public  spirited 
gentleman,  and  is  highly  respected  by  his 
fellow  citizens.  In  religion  he  is  an  ad- 
herent of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  is 
unmarried. 

Hall,  Robert  Newton,  B.A.,  LL.l)., 
Q.C.,  Member  of  Parliament  for  Sherbrooke, 
P.Q.,  was  born  at  Laprairie,  26th  July, 
1836.  He  is  the  son  of  Rev.  R.  V.  HaU, 
English  church  clergyman.  He  received 
the  principal  part  of  his  scholastic  training 
in  the  University  of  Burlington,  Vt. ,  from 
which  he  has  his  degree  of  B.A.,  graduating 
in  1857.  On  returning  home  he  entered 
upon  the  study  of  law,  and  in  1861  was 
called  to  the  bar  of  Lower  Canada.  A  year 
later  he  married  Lena,  daughter  of  the  late 
A.  W.  Kendrick,  of  Compton,  Quebec.  In 
his  practice  of  the  law,  he  has  all  his  life  been 
exceedingly  successful,  and  has  long  been 
recognized  as  a  leading  member  of  his  pro- 
fession. He  held  the  honorable  office  of 
batonnier  of  St.  Francis  section  of  the  bar 
from  1877  to  1881,  and  in  1878  became 
batonnier  of  the  bar  of  the  whole  province. 
He  has  long  been  dean  of  the  faculty  of  law 
in  Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville,  from  which 
college  also  he  holds  his  doctor's  degree. 
All  his  life,  Mr.  Hall  has  been  a  leader  of 
the  public  enterprises  of  his  native  pro- 
vince, his  name  being  regarded  as  a  tower 
of  strength  to  any  organization  with  which 
he  becomes  identified.  He  not  only  has  the 
character  of  a  man  of  spotless  honor,  but 
his  public  spirit,  his  great  business  ability, 
and  his  capacity  for  hard  work,  are  guaran- 
tees of  the  success  of  anything  to  which  he 
puts  his  hand.  He  was  one  of  the  chief 
promoters  of  the  Eastern  Townships  Agri- 
cultural Association,  and  became  the  first 
president  of  that  society  when  it  entered 
upon  active  work.  The  railway  develop- 
ment of  his  own  section  of  the  country  has 
occupied  a  great  deal  of  his  attention.  He 
is  a  director  of  the  Quebec  Central  Railway 
a  most  important  road  ;  and  president  oj 
the  Massawippi  Railway,  a  local  line  of  grea 


686 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


advantage  to  the  district.  When  the  first 
scheme  for  building  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Kail  way  was  arranged,  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  government  directors  on  the  general 
board,  this  appointment  being  a  flattering 
recognition  of  the  prominent  part  he  had 
taken  in  railway  affairs.  When  Judge 
Brooks,  who  for  a  long  time  represented 
Sherbrooke  in  the  House  of  Commons,  was 
appointed  to  his  present  position,  the  nom- 
ination of  the  Conservative  party  for  the 
seat  was  offered  to  Mr.  Hall,  and  when  he 
accepted  it,  so  complete  was  the  confidence 
of  all  classes  in  his  judgment  and  honor, 
that  he  was  elected  by  acclamation.  In  the 
general  election  of  1887  Mr.  Hall  was  op- 
posed for  the  reason  that  the  policy  of  both 
parties  was  to  allow  no  elections  by  accla- 
mation. But  there  was  no  serious  expecta- 
tion of  defeating  him,  and  his  second  re- 
turn was  received  without  surprise.  In  the 
house,  Mr.  Hall  has  the  reputation  of  a 
careful  and  painstaking  representative.  He 
makes  remarkably  few  speeches,  consider- 
ing the  ability  he  displays  when  he  does 
address  the  house,  and  the  attention  and 
respect  with  which  he  is  listened  to  by  both 
sides.  Outside  of  the  cabinet,  he  is  by  all 
odds  the  most  prominent  and  influential  re- 
presentative of  the  Eastern  Townships'  con- 
stituencies. 

Raymond,  Rev.  Jo§<eph  Sabin, 
Vicar-General  of  the  Diocese  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe,  Quebec  province,  was  born  at  St. 
Hyacinthe,  on  the  13th  March,  1810.  He 
received  his  classical  education  in  St.  Hya- 
cinthe College,  and  belonged  to  the  first 
class  that  graduated  from  this  institution. 
At  the  early  age  of  seventeen,  he  began 
teaching,  and  continued  as  a  teacher  in  the 
same  college  to  the  last  day  of  his  life.  He 
was  ordained  priest  in  1832.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  president  of  St.  Hyacinthe  College, 
and  occupied  this  position,  except  during  an 
interval  of  six  years,  till  1883.  Rev.  Mr.  Ray- 
mond, named  vicar-general  in  1852,  was 
twice  administrator  of  the  diocese,  during 
the  absence  of  the  bishop  in  Rome,  and  at- 
tended the  five  first  Provincial  Councils  of 
Quebec,  in  the  capacity  of  theologian  to  the 
bishop  of  St.  Hyacinthe.  He  contributed 
largely  to  the  foundation  of  the  Order  of 
Contemplative  Religious  of  the  Precious 
Blood  in  St.  Hyacinthe.  In  1874  he  was 
named  domestic  prelate  to  his  Holiness 
Pope  Pius  IX.,  and  terminated  a  long  and 
useful  life  in  St.  Hyacinthe,  on  Sunday,  3rd 


July,  1887,  whilst  robing  to  say  mass.  He 
was  considered  as  one  of  the  foremost  men  in 
the  literary  field  of  Quebec ;  he  was  a  prolific 
and  brilliant  writer,  and  devoted  his  varied 
acquirements  to  the  education  of  youth  and 
devotional  works.  He  was  extensively  read; 
especially  in  history  and  literature.  His 
works,  if  collected,  would  form  quite  an 
important  collection. 

Montagu,  Walter  H.,  M.D.,  M.  P. 
for  Haldimand,  Dunnville,  Ontario,  was 
born  in  Adelaide  township,  county  of  Mid- 
dlesex, Ontario,  on  the  21st  day  of  Novem- 
ber, 1858,  and  is  therefore,  as  we  write,  un- 
der thirty  years  of  age,  and  one  of  the 
youngest  members  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. He  is  the  youngest  of  the  six  sons 
of  Joseph  Montagu,  an  intelligent  farmer, 
who  was  one  of  the  most  highly-respected 
residents  of  the  county  of  Middlesex.  His 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  John  Humphries, 
who  came  to  Canada  in  1832,  and  settled  in 
Adelaide.  Dr.  Montagu  was  only  five  years 
old  when  his  father  died,  when  on  a  visit  to 
friends  in  the  United  States,  and  has  had, 
in  great  measure,  to  carve  out  his  own  ca- 
reer. He  has,  like  many  who  have  risen  to 
eminence,  had  to  educate  himself,  and  this 
he  began  while  engaged  as  an  errand  boy 
in  a  country  store.  He  qualified  for  a 
teacher's  certificate  in  August,  1874,  As  a 
teacher  he  was  employed  successfully  at 
various  points,  after  which  he  entered  Wood- 
stock College,  to  devote  himself  to  univer- 
sity studies.  In  1882  he  graduated  in  medi- 
cine in  Ontario,  and,  desiring  to  pursue  this 
profession,  he  then  proceeded  to  Edinburgh. 
Here,  later  in  the  same  year,  he  passed  the 
examinations  of  the  Royal  College  of  Phy- 
sicians, and  received  the  diploma  of  the  col- 
lege. He  then  returned  to  Canada,  and 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Dunn- 
ville, county  of  Monck,  where  he  now  re- 
sides. A  few  months  after  settling  at  Dunn- 
ville he  reluctantly  accepted  the  nomination 
of  the  Liberal- Conservative  Convention  of 
Monck,  to  contest  the  riding  in  an  election 
then  pending:  for  the  Local  Legislature. 
Though  only  a  few  days  in  the  field  he  polled 
an  immense  vote,  his  own  village  giving  him 
the  largest  Conservative  majority  it  had  ever 
given  to  its  parliamentary  representative. 
In  1886  he  was  again  asked  to  run,  but  re- 
fused. In  February  of  the  following  year 
he  was  placed  in  nomination  for  the  House 
of  Commons,  as  the  representative  of  the 
county  of  Monck,  but  this  he  also  declined, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


687 


though  a  unanimous  nomination  by  the 
party  was  offered  him.  At  this  time  no 
candidate  could  be  found  to  come  out 
against  Mr.  Colter,  the  Reform  member  for 
Haldimand,  who  three  months  previously 
had  been  returned  for  the  county  by  126  of 
a  majority  over  his  opponent,  Mr.  W.  Ham- 
ilton Merritt,  a  large  property  owner  in  the 
constituency,  who  had  had  the  hearty  sup- 
port of  the  leading  men  of  the  Conservative 
party  in  the  district.  A  new  election  was 
now  to  be  held,  and  still  no  one  dared  to 
come  out  against  the  opposition  candidate 
until  the  day  before  nomination.  At  almost 
the  twelfth  hour  Dr.  Montagu,  at  the  urgent 
solicitation  of  his  friends,  Senator  McCal- 
lum  and  Colin  G.  Snider,  president  of 
the  Haldimand  Conservative  Association, 
stepped  into  the  breach,  and  after  a  spirited 
campaign  carried  the  county,  but  only  by  a 
majority  of  one,  on  a  recount  of  ballots  be- 
fore the  county  judge.  Dr.  Montagu  took 
his  seat  in  the  House  of  Commons,  and  by 
his  qualities  of  head  and  heart  gained  the 
respect  of  both  parties  in  parliament.  His 
first  and  only  speech  during  the  session  was 
called  forth  by  an  attack  made  upon  the 
manner  of  his  election.  Brief  and  compara- 
tively unimportant  as  it  was,  the  speaker 
commanded  the  closest  attention  of  the 
house.  A  protest,  however,  was  entered 
against  his  return  ;  and  after  three  days' 
trial  of  the  petition,  Dr.  Montagu  agreed 
with  his  opponent  to  hold  a  new  election. 
This  came  on  in  November,  1887,  and  was 
watched  with  the  keenest  interest  by  the 
whole  country,  for  until  the  preceding  Feb- 
ruary Haldimand  had  never  before  in  her 
history  returned  a  Conservative,  and  that 
return,  it  was  alleged,  was  not  a  proper  one. 
The  contest  was  fought,  on  the  Eeform  side, 
by  Mr.  Colter,  assisted  by  M.  Laurier,  Sir 
Eichard  Cartwright,  Messrs.  Charlton  and 
Patterson,  Hon.  Jacob  Baxter,  and  a  dozen 
other  prominent  Eeformers.  Dr.  Montagu, 
representing  the  Conservatives,  fought  alone 
and  almost  single-handed  ;  and  though  the 
most  desperate  means  were  employed  to  de- 
feat him,  he  succeeded  in  carrying  the 
county  by  seventeen  of  a  majority.  In  the 
contest,  Dr.  Montagu's  public  addresses  at- 
tracted immense  audiences,  the  people  turn- 
ing out  everwhere  in  great  numbers"  to  hear 
him.  Anothor  recount  was  demanded,  the 
result  being  that  the  majority  was  reduced 
to  twelve.  A  protest  was  then  entered 
against  him,  and  tried  in  January  before 


Justice  Street.  During  five  days'  trial  the 
petitioners  utterly  failed  in  their  charges, 
and  not  a  single  stain  attached  itself  to  the 
representative.  In  the  present  (1888)  ses- 
sion, he  had  the  honor  paid  him  by  the  Do- 
minion administration  of  being  called  to 
move  The  address  to  the  throne.  This  he  did 
with  great  credit  to  himself  and  with  much 
gratification  to  his  party.  Dr.  Montagu  is 
a  supporter  of  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald,  but 
at  the  same  time  he  holds  liberal  views  upon 
public  questions,  and  brings  a  broad  and 
comprehensive  mind  to  their  consideration 
and  discussion.  He  is  thoroughly  Canadian 
in  his  aims  and  aspirations,  and  has  an  earn- 
est and  enthusiastic  faith  in  the  future  of  the 
country.  His  wife  is  Angie,  daughter  of 
Elias  Furry,  reeve  of  South  Cayuga,  On- 
tario. 

Willetf,  Rev.  Charles  E.,  M.A., 
(Corpus  Christi,  Cantab. ),  D.C.L.  (King's, 
Windsor),  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  is  a  native 
of  Northamptonshire,  England,  where  he 
was  born  about  forty  years  ago.  He  re- 
ceived his  early  education  at  Corpus  Christi 
College,  in  the  University  of  Cambridge, 
where  he  graduated  in  1872.  He  took  holy 
orders  and  was  ordained  in  the  same  year  by 
the  Right  Reverend  George  Augustus  Sei- 
wyn,  bishop  of  Lichfield.  After  his  ordina- 
tion, he  accepted  the  position  of  curate  of 
Gaily -cum-Hatherton,  in  Staffordshire, which 
office  he  held  for  one  year.  In  1873  he  came 
to  Canada,  and  was  appointed  to  the  position 
of  sub-rector  of  Bishop's  Collegiate  School, 
at  Lennoxville,  Quebec.  Here  he  remained 
for  three  years,  teaching  and  fulfilling  his 
other  duties  with  great  success.  The  hon- 
orary degree  of  M.A.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Bishop's  College  in  1874.  He  next 
removed  to  the  Collegiate  School,  Windsor, 
N.S.,  the  position  of  head  master  of  which 
happened  to  fall  vacant  in  June,  1876.  This 
school  was  the  original  seed  of  King's 
College,  which  is  the  oldest  degree-confer- 
ring university  in  British  America.  The 
school  was  started  in  1788,  a  scheme  for 
its  establishment  being  warmly  urged  by 
the  Right  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  Inglis  of 
New  York,  first  bishop  of  Nova  Scotia,  and 
also  by  his  son,  John  Inglis,  who  solicited 
aid  for  it  in  England.  A  royal  charter  was 
obtained  in  1802.  A  large  number  of  the 
sons  of  the  wealthiest  class  in  the  maritime 
provinces  were  educated  in  it  during  the 
first  years  of  its  history.  Among  distin- 
guished men  who  received  their  early  train- 


688 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


ing  in  the  school,  or  King's  College,  may  be 
mentioned  Chief  Justice  Neville  and  Robert 
Parker,  master  of  the  rolls  of  New  Bruns- 
wick; Judge  W.  B.  Bliss;  Judge  Haliburton 
("Sam  Slick");  General  Sir  John  Inglis, 
son  of  the  second  bishop  of  Nova  Scotia, 
and  a  man  who  made  his  mark  in  the  de- 
fence of  Lucknow;  the  late  Archdeacon 
McCawley;  Archdeacon  Gilpin  of  Halifax; 
administrator  of  the  diocese  of  Nova  Scotia; 
R.  G.  Haliburton;  Rev.  Dr.  Hill,  formerly 
rector  of  St.  Paul's,  Halifax,  and  the  late 
J$&v.  Dr.  J.  M.  Hensley.  Among  head 
masters  of  the  collegiate  school  were  Rev. 
William  Grey,  Rev.  Dr.  Blackman,  Dr.  Salt, 
Rev.  W.  C.  King,  Rev.  George  B.  Dodwell, 
M.A.  (Cantab.),  and  Rev.  John  Butler. 
The  original  school  building  was  of  free- 
stone, which  was  erected  with  great  care 
under  the  supervision  of  Bishop  Charles 
Inglis,  but  was  unfortunately  burnt  down, 
20th  September,  1871.  For  two  years  the 
school  was  carried  on  at  Martock  House, 
near  Windsor.  A  new  handsome  wooden 
building  was  erected  on  the  original  site  in 
1877,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Willets  has  continued  in 
charge  of  the  school  ever  since.  The  school 
has  prospered  under  his  management,  and 
now  accommodates  upwards  of  forty  board- 
ers and  a  number  of  day  scholars.  There  are 
two  assistant  masters,  Mr.  Richardson,  for- 
merly of  King  Edward  VI.  School,  Retford, 
England,  a  distinguished  linguist  and  chess- 
player, and  Mr.  Fullerton,  B.  A.,  of  King's 
College,  also  special  instructors  in  drill  and 
gymnastics  and  penmanship.  Boys  are 
prepared  for  matriculation  in  all  of  the 
provincial  colleges  and  for  the  civil  ser- 
vice examinations,  Ottawa.  The  school 
possesses  one  of  the  handsomest  sites  in 
Nova  Scotia,  just  below  King's  College,  and 
looking  over  the  king's  meadow  towards 
the  south  mountain.  The  honorary  degree 
of  D.C.L.  was  conferred  upon  Dr.  Willets- 
by  King's  College  in  1882.  He  was  also 
elected  a  governor  of  King's  College  in 
1885. 

llatliesoii,  David,  Superintendent  of 
the  Savings  Bank  Branch  of  the  Post  Office 
department,  Ottawa,  is  a  Scotchman  by 
birth,  he  having  been  born  in  the  parish  of 
Canisbay,  near  John  O'Groat's,  Caithness- 
shire,  on  the  25th  October,  1840,  and  emi- 
grated to  Canada  in  1861.  Mr.  Matheson 
joined  the  civil  service  in  1863,  and  was  ap- 
pointed private  secretary  to  the  postmaster- 
In  1868  he,  with  another  officer, 


was  appointed  to  organize  the  Post  Office 
Savings  Bank,  and  specially  designed  the 
plan  of  accounts  which  has  made  the  Cana- 
dian system  of  savings  banks  a  credit  to 
our  own  country,  and  a  model  that  other 
countries  have  been  pleased  to  adopt.  Mr. 
Matheson,  in  recognition  of  his  services, 
was  appointed,  in  1881,  assistant  superin- 
tendent of  the  Savings  Bank  Branch  of  the 
Post  Office  department,  and  in  February, 
1888,  he  was  made  superintendent. 

Car  din,  Louis  Pierre  Paul,  Sorel, 
Quebec  province,  M.P.P.  for  the  county  of 
Richelieu,  is  of  a  hardy,  honest,  and  indus- 
trious stock,  his  father  being  a  well-to-do 
yeoman  of  Isle  Madame,  adjoining  the  north- 
eastern corner  of  the  Island  of  Montreal. 
He  is  still  in  the  prime  of  life,  having  been 
born  on  the  21st  May,  1841,  a  year  import- 
ant in  Canadian  annals  for  the  consumma- 
tion of  the  union  which  preceded  the  system 
of  confederation.  He  was  educated  at  the 
College  of  L'Assomption,  an  institution 
which  has  given  to  Canada  a  large  number  of 
men  distinguished  in  the  church,  the  legal 
and  medical  professions,  and  the  ranks  of 
commerce  and  industry.  Mr.  Cardin  se- 
lected the  honorable  calling  of  a  notary,  in 
which  he  was  destined  to  make  his  way  to  the 
front  in  a  comparatively  brief  time.  He  was 
fortunate  in  being  associated,  during  his 
early  professional  career,  with  a  worthy 
gentleman  of  Sorel,  the  late  Mr.  Precourst, 
from  whose  office  he  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tise in  October,  1868.  He  still  remained 
with  his  esteemed  employer,  until  his 
death,  in  1872,  when  he  succeeded  to  his 
large  and  profitable  business.  Laborious, 
obliging  and  conscientious,  Mr.  Cardin  won 
the  confidence  and  respect  of  all  who  had 
dealings  with  him  in  his  professional  capa- 
city, or  intercourse  with  him  in  private  life. 
His  ability  and  public  spirit  made  his  ser- 
vices in  high  demand  in  municipal  and  edu- 
cational affairs.  It  was  natural,  also,  that 
he  should  take  a  deep  interest  in  all  that 
concerned  the  agricultural  progress  of  his 
country,  and  he  soon  found  ample  occupa- 
tion for  his  leisure  hours.  He  has  been 
successively  secretary  of  the  council  for 
Sorel,  secretary  of  the  Dissentient  School 
Board,  secretary  of  the  Agricultural  Society, 
president  of  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society, 
secretary  of  the  municipality  of  Sainte  Vic- 
toire,  and  has  filled  various  other  offices  of 
trust  with  entire  satisfaction  to  the  public. 
To  him  also  was  due  the  organization  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


689 


first  militia  company  of  Sorel,  and  in  order 
to  qualify  himself  for  military  command,  he 
obtained  certificate'  of  the  first  and  second 
class,  which  enabled  him  to  take,  if  neces- 
sary, any  commission  up  to  and  including 
that  of  lieutenant-colonel.  Courteous,  be- 
nevolent, grave  and  affable,  Mr.  Cardin 
is  a  man  whose  character  invites  confidence 
and  wins  esteem.  His  appearance  is  also 
in  his  favor.  Of  middle  height,  he  has  im- 
pressive features,  a  large  forehead  and  ani- 
mated eyes,  while  his  long  beard  of  silky 
texture,  gives  him  an  air  of  distinction.  As 
a  speaker,  he  is  at  once  fluent  and  choice  in 
his  language,  uniting  calmness  with  earnest- 
ness, and  can  wither  with  scorn  or  melt 
with  pathos,  as  the  occasion  demands. 
In  politics  Mr.  Cardin  is  more  Conser- 
vative than  Liberal,  but  was  not  an  active 
partizan  until  November,  1885,  when  he 
joined  the  National  party.  In  September, 
1886,  he  was  selected  by  the  convention  of 
Richelieu  as  the  candidate  of  his  party  in 
that  county  and  was  victorious  in  the  elec- 
tion which  followed.  Since  then  he  has 
acquitted  himself  entirely  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  his  supporters,  giving  a  conscien- 
tious but  independent  support  to  the  Hon. 
M.  Mercier.  He  has  been  indefatigable  in 
his  efforts  to  improve  the  condition  of  Sorel, 
and  to  ensure  the  county  of  Richelieu  its 
fair  share  of  attention  from  the  government. 
LaRocque,  Right  Rev'.  Charle§, 
was  born  at  Chambly,  November  15th,  1809. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  Semi- 
nary of  St.  Hyacinthe,  where,  in  1828,  he 
commenced  studying  theology,  after  com- 
pleting his  classical  course.  From  1828  to 

1831  he  filled  with  great  distinction  and 
efficiency  a  professor's  chair  in  the  same 
seminary  ;  and  after  one  year  exclusively 
spent  in  the  study  of  theology,  was  ordain- 
ed priest  on  the  29th  of  July,  1832.     From 

1832  to    1866   he  is  seen   displaying   his 
sacerdotal  zeal  as  vicar  in  the  parishes  of 
St.  Roch  de  1'Achigan  and  Berthier,  as  cure 
in  the   parishes   of  St.  Pie  de  Bagot,  Ste. 
Marguerite  de  Blainville,  and  St.  John  Dor- 
chester, which  he   ruled  during  the  long 
period  of  twenty- two  years.  There  he  found- 
ed several  educational  institutions,  and  built 
a  magnificent  church,  of  which  the  St.  John 
parishioners  may  well  feel  proud.     On  the 
20th  March,  1866,  he  was  elected  bishop  of 
St.  Hyacinthe  ;  on  the  29th  July  he  was 
consecrated,  and  the  31st  of  the  same  month 
he  took  possession  of  the  see.     The  chief 

QQ 


work  of  his  career  as  bishop,  a  work  for 
which  he  is  rightly  considered  the  greatest 
benefactor  of  the  diocese  of  St.  Hyacinthe, 
was  the  restoring  of  the  finances.  The  heavy 
debt  which  weighed  upon  the  bishopric  was 
completely  paid  off  through  his  wise  and 
prudent  financing.  He  died  July  15th, 
1875,  aged  sixty -five  years,  deeply  regretted, 
and,  according  to  his  own  expressed  will, 
was  buried  in  the  vault  of  the  Church  of 
the  Hotel  Dieu  at  St.  Hyacinthe. 

Prince,  Right  Rev.  John  C.  The 
late  Bishop  Prince  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  was 
born  at  St.  Gregory,  in  the  district  of  Three 
Rivers,  on  the  13th  of  February,  1804. 
After  a  brilliant  course  of  classical  studies 
in  the  College  of  Nicolet,  he  taught  litera- 
ture in  the  same  college,  and  also  in  the 
CoUege  of  St.  Hyacinthe.  Whilst  thus  en- 
gaged, from  1822  till  1826,  he  also  pursued 
a  complete  course  of  theology,  and  fitted 
himself  for  the  sacred  order  of  priesthood, 
to  which  dignity  he  was  raised  in  1826. 
From  1826  to  1830  he  was  director  of  St. 
James  Grand  Seminary  at  Montreal;  from 
1830  to  1840,  director  of  the  seminary  at  St. 
Hyacinthe,  and  from  whence  he  was  called 
to  Montreal  by  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Bourget, 
to  share  with  him  the  burden  of  the  ad- 
ministration of  his  vast  and  important  dio- 
cese. He  was  appointed  canon  of  the 
Cathedral  of  Montreal  on  January  21st, 
1841.  On  July  5th,  1844,  he  was  appointed 
coadjutor  to  the  bishop  of  Montreal 
and  bishop  of  Martyropolis,  and  on  July 
25th,  1845,  was  consecrated.  In  1851  he 
was  deputed  by  the  bishops  of  the 
Ecclesiastical  Province  of  Quebec  to  car- 
ry to  Rome  the  decrees  of  the  first  Coun- 
cil of  Quebec.  On  the  8th  June,  1852, 
whilst  in  Rome,  he  was  appointed  by  Pope 
Pius  IX.  bishop  of  the  newly  erected  see  of 
St.  Hyacinthe,  of  which  he  took  possession 
on  the  3rd  of  November  of  the  same  year. 
In  1841  he  founded  a  review,  the  Melan- 
ges Religieuse,  and  remained  its  chief  editor 
for  ten  years.  He  also  founded  a  convent 
of  the  Sisters  of  the  Congregation  of  Notre- 
Dame,  in  Kingston.  Having  ruled  the  dio- 
cese of  St.  Hyacinthe  with  remarkable  zeal 
and  prudence  for  eight  years,  during  which 
he  established  the  Sisters  of  the  Presenta- 
tion of  Mary  for  the  education  of  young 
ladies;  the  Gray  Nuns' Hospital ;  establish- 
ed twenty  parishes,  and  built  the  present 
magnificent  episcopal  residence  in  St.  Hya- 
cinthe. He  died  on  the  5th  of  May,  1860, 


690 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


aged  fifty-six  years.     His  remains  now  re- 
pose in  the  vault  of  the  cathedral. 

Blake,  Hon.  Edward, P.O.,  Q.C.,  To- 
ronto, M.P.  for  West  Durham,  Ontario,  is  by 
birth  a  Canadian,  but  by  race  an  Irishman.* 
His  father,  the  Hon.  William  Hume  Blake, 
was  a  Blake  of  Galway,  and  the  son  of  a 
rector  of  the  Church  of  England  in  Ireland, 
Eev.  Dominick  Edward  Blake  of  Kiltegan. 
On  the  mother's  side  he  is  descended  from 
Williani  Hume  of  Wicklow,  a  representative 
of  that  county  in  parliament,  who  lost  his 
life  as  a  loyalist  in  the  Irish  rising  of  1798. 
"The  descendant  of  an  Irishman  myself," 
Mr.  Blake  said  in  a  notable  speech  upon  a 
motion  made  in  the  House  of  Commons,  in 
1882,  for  an  address  to  the  Queen  on  the 
subject  of  Irish  affairs,  "  my  grandfather 
on  the  father's  side  a  rector  of  the  church  to 
which  I  have  referred,  and  sleeping  in  his 
parish  churchyard,  and  my  ancestor  on  my 
mother's  side  slain  in  conflict  with  insurgents ; 
while  it  might  have  been  my  misfortune,  had 
I  been  born  and  bred  in  the  old  land,  to  adopt, 
from  prejudice,  views  very  different  from 
those  I  have  expressed  this  night;  yet,  it 
being  my  good  fortune  to  have  been  born 
and  bred  in  the  free  air  of  Canada,  and  to 
have  learned  those  better,  those  wiser,  those 
more  Christian  and  just  notions  which  here 
prevail  upon  the  subject  of  civil  and  religi- 
ous liberty,  class  legislation  and  home  rule 
itself,  I  have  always  entertained,  ever  since 
I  have  had  an  opportunity  of  thinking  on 
this  subject,  the  sentiments  to  which  I  have 
given  utterance  this  evening.  I  believe  that 
these  are  the  sentiments  native  to  our  own 
sense  of  freedom-  and  justice,  and  that  we 
wish  to  deal  on  this  subject,  as  the  hon. 

*Mr.  Blake's  great-grandfather  was  Andrew 
Blake,  a  gentleman  of  good  estate  in  the  county 
of  Galway.  By  his  first  marriage  he  had  two 
sons — Andrew,  who  inherited  Castlegrove,  and 
Netterville,  who  succeeded  to  another  estate  close 
to  Tuam,  The  latterhad  twenty-one  children,  thir- 
teen of  whom  were  sons.  The  second  wife  of  An- 
drew Blake  was  a  daughter  of  Sir  Joseph  Hoare, 
of  Annabel,  county  Cork,  by  a  daughter  of  Sir 
Marcus  Somerville.  By  this  marriage  he  had  four 
sons — Dominick  Edward,  Joseph,  Samuel  and 
William.  Dominick  Edward  was  born  at  Castle- 
grove  in  1771;  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Dub- 
lin, where  he  took  the  degree  of  M.  A.  ;  presented 
to  the  livings  of  Kiltegan  and  Loughbrickland, 
and  appointed  rural  dean.  He  married  Anne  Mar- 
garet, daughter  of  William  Hume,  M.P.,  who 
was  shot  by  the  rebels  in  1798,  and  they  had  for 
issue  two  sons  and  three  daughters.  His  death 
occurred  in  1823,  and  a  tablet  erected  to  his 
memory  in  Kiltegan  church  records  that  during 
a  period  of  nineteen  years  he  was  the  beloved 


gentleman  said  who  moved  it,  in  that  spirit 
which  says, '  Do  unto  others  as  you  would 
they  Should  do  unto  you.' "  Mr.  Blake's 
pride  of  ancestry,  so  often  evinced  in  refer- 
ences to  his  father,  may  have  led  him,  in  the 
extract  quoted,  to  attach  too  great  weight  to 
the  influence  of  environment  upon  his  char- 
acter and  opinions.  Speaking  on  a  recent  oc- 
casion, he  said:  "  I  have  always  discouraged 
and  discountenanced,  so  far  as  I  could,  any 
appeal  to  considerations  of  race  or  creed.  My 
earnest  desire  has  ever  been  that  we  should 
mingle,  irrespective  of  our  origins,  irrespec- 
tive of  our  creeds,  as  Canadian  brethren,  as 
Canadian  fellow-citizens,  whether  we  be 
English  or  French,  Scotch,  Irish  or  Ger- 
man, whether  we  be  Protestant,  Catholic  or 
Jew,  sinking  all  these  distinctions  in  the 
political  arena,  and  uniting  and  dividing, 
not  upon  questions  of  origin,  not  upon 
questions  of  religion,  but  rather  upon  hon- 
est differences  of  opinion  with  reference  to 
the  current  politics  of  the  country,"  It  is 
doubtful  if,  under  any  circumstances  or 
conditions,  a  man  constituted  as  Mr.  Blake 
is,  with  a  mind  of  large  grasp  and  sensi- 
tive to  jealousy  of  his  honor,  could  be  ought 
else  than  the  fair  and  liberal  man  he  is 
known  to  be.  But,  whatever  views  may 
have  been  held  on  state  or  church  affairs  by 
his  more  remote  ancestors,  no  one  who 
knows  the  story  of  the  life  of  William  Hume 
Blake  can  have  reason  to  suspect  that  the 
son  was  subject  to  prejudiced  or  narrowing 
influences.  The  elder  Blake  was  a  man  of 
strong  but  well  matured  convictions,  and  he 
uttered  his  thoughts  with  a  clearness  and 
force  which  rarely,  if  ever,  allowed  of  his 
being  understood  in  a  double  sense.  He 


and  venerated  rector  of  that  parish  :  ' '  His  affec- 
tionate and  afflicted  parishioners  have  erected  this 
monument  as  a  testimony  of  their  deep  sense  of 
his  worth  and  of  their  grief  at  his  loss."  The 
elder  of  the  sons  was  Rev.  Dominick  Edward 
Blake,  for  some  time  rector  of  Thornhill,  north 
of  Toronto,  and  the  younger  was  William  Hume 
Blake,  the  chancellor.  William  Hume,  M. P., men- 
tioned above,  left  twosons — William  Hoare  Hume, 
who  succeeded  his  father  in  the  representation 
of  Wicklow  in  the  Irish  parliament,  and  after  the 
Union  sat  until  his  death  in  the  Imperial  parlia- 
ment, and  Joseph  Samuel  Hume,  who  married 
Eliza,  daughter  of  Rev.  Charles  Smyth,  of  Smyth- 
field  and  Charles  Park,  county  Limerick.  Being  a 
younger  son  he  inherited  only  a  small  property  in 
Wicklow;  he  died  at  an  early- age,  immediately  after 
having  received  a  government  appointment  in  the 
castle  of  Dublin.  He  left  one  son  and  three  daugh- 
ters, the  eldest  of  the  daughters,  Catharine,  becom 
ing  the  wife  of  Chancellor  Blake,  and  the  young 
est  the  wife  of  Justice  George  Skeffington  Connor 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


691 


was  also  a  man  of  tender  and  generous  sym- 
pathies, and  by  the  members  of  his  own 
family  his  memory  is  greatly  and  deservedly 
revered.  Indeed  it  may  be  said  that  Ed- 
ward Blake  never  strikes  a  merciless  blow 
— and  he  has  the  skill  and  power  to  strike 
a  tremendous  blow — excepting  in  the  case 
of  one  who  may  speak  offensively,  rudely 
or  disrespectfully  of  his  father.  It  ought 
not  to  be  a  matter  of  surprise,  perhaps,  that 
politicians  who  came  into  collision  with  the 
father  in  the  stirring  political  times  of  forty 
years  ago  should  retain  some  of  the  feelings 
of  those  times;  but  the  few  who  have  re- 
vived the  old  issues  with  a  display  of  the 
old  temper,  in  the  presence  of  the  son,  are 
not  likely  to  reflect  on  the  consequence  to 
themselves  with  any  degree  of  pleasure. 
One  of  these  occasions  will  be  readily  re- 
called by  frequenters  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons of  thirteen  or  fourteen  years  ago,  when 
the  house  was  kept  at  a  white  heat  through- 
out a  whole  night's  sitting.  But  when  he 
has  himself  been  the  object  of  attack  the 
disposition  to  strike  back  has  been  carefully 
curbed.  "  Whatever  I  am,"  he  said,  in  one 
of  that  remarkable  series  of  speeches  de- 
livered in  the  election  campaign  of  1886-7, 
"  I  stick  by  my  friends,  and  that,  too,  even 
after  they  have  left  me."  And,  referring  in 
particular  to  two  gentlemen  whom  he  had 
befriended,  who  afterwards  changed  their 
views  and  attacked  him  very  bitterly  and 
with  great  frequency,  he  said:  "I  have 
never  replied  to  them  or  retorted  on  them. 
I  have  preferred  to  remember  the  old  times 
when  we  worked  together.  I  have  pre- 
ferred to  remember,  too,  that  they  were  my 
fellow-countrymen,  and  I  have  borne  in 
silence  their  unjust  attacks  rather  than  re- 
taliate. I  have  chosen  to  recollect  their 
acts  of  friendship  and  co-operation  rather 
than  those  of  hostility  and  animosity.  I 
have  hoped  that  the  day  might  come  when 
they,  or,  if  not  they,  at  any  rate  my  fellow- 
countrymen  of  their  race  and  creed,  would 
do  me  justice,  and  I  wished  to  put  no  obstacle 
whatever  in  the  way  of  a  reconciliation,  in 
which  I  have  nothing  to  withdraw,  nothing 
to  apologise  for,  nothing  to  excuse." — Ed- 
ward Blake  was  born  in  the  woods  of  Mid- 
dlesex in  1833,  a  year  after  his  father  and 
mother  had  left  Ireland.  After  two  or  three 
years'  experience  of  pioneer  life  the  family 
removed  to  Toronto,  and  the  father  be- 
gan preparation  for  the  profession  of  law, 
upon  which  he  entered  in  1838,  and  in 


which  he  acquired  great  distinction — for 
eleven  years  as  a  practising  barrister,  and 
afterwards  for  thirteen  years  as  chancellor 
or  chief  justice  of  the  Court  of  Equity.  Ed- 
ward's education  was  looked  after  by  his 
father  and  by  private  tutors  until  he  was 
old  enough  to  enter  Upper  Canada  College, 
and  in  that  school  he  was  prepared  for  To- 
ronto University.  In  the  last  year  of  his 
course  there  (1854),  his  father  was  appoint- 
ed chancellor  of  the  university,  and  had  the 
gratification  in  that  capacity  of  conferring 
the  B.A.  degree  upon  his  gifted  son,  who 
took  first-class  honors  in  classics  and  was 
winner  of  a  silver  medal.  This,  however, 
was  not  with  Edward  Blake  as  it  has  been 
with  many  graduates  the  closing  event  of 
his  connection  with  the  university.  He  pro- 
ceeded to  the  Master's  degree  in  1858,  and 
in  1873  he  was  elected  chancellor  by  the 
graduates  for  a  term  of  three  years,  an 
honor  which  has  now  been  bestowed  on  him 
five  times  in  succession.  Some  of  Mr. 
Blake's  best  speeches  have  been  delivered 
in  his  capacity  as  chancellor  of  the  univer- 
sity. At  the  close  of  his  university  career 
he  commenced  the  study  of  the  law,  and 
in  1856  he  began  practice  in  the  Equity 
court.  He  worked  hard,  and,  although 
there  were  a  number  of  excellent  lawyers 
in  the  Chancery  court  at  that  time,  he 
attained  the  foremost  place  amongst  them 
in  less  than  ten  years.  He  was  created  a 
Q.C.  in  1864,  was  elected  a  bencher  of  the 
Law  Society  in  1871,  and  was  appointed 
treasurer  of  the  society  upon  the  death  of 
the  Hon.  John  Hilyard  Cameron,  in  1879. 
The  offer  of  the  chancellorship  of  the  pro- 
vince by  Sir  John  Macdonald  in  1869, 
and  the  offer  of  the  chief  justiceship  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  Dominion  by  Mr. 
Mackenzie  in  1875,  were  both  declined. — 
Mr.  Blake  entered  upon  parliamentary  life 
in  the  confederation  year,  in  a  dual  capa- 
city, as  member  for  West  Durham  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  and  member  for  South 
Bruce  in  the  Ontario  legislature.  In  both 
bodies  he  ranked  high  as  a  debater  from 
the  first;  and  although  political  subjects 
were  new  to  him  in  a  sense,  he  speedily 
gained  such  familiarity  with  them  that  the 
leadership  of  the  party  became  his  by  right 
of  pre-eminence.  In  the  Ontario  legislature, 
where  Mr.  McKellar  was  leader  during  the 
first  session,  the  place  was  forced  upon  Mr. 
Blake  (Mr.  McKellar  himself  being  the 
most  urgent  of  the  Liberals  in  pressing  for 


692 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


the  change),  but  in  the  Commons  he  reso- 
lutely refused  to  hold  any  position  except- 
ing in  the  ranks.  The  premier  of  Ontario 
was  an  astute  politician,  and  had  many  good 
qualities  as  a  public  man;  he  was  also  an 
old  Liberal  and  had  a  respectable  follow- 
ing of  his  party,  although  a  majority  of  his 
supporters  both  in  the  house  and  in  the 
country  were  Conservatives.  Mr.  Blake 
had  a  difficult  task  in  hand,  as  leader  of  the 
Opposition,  against  a  veteran  politician  like 
John  Sandfield  Macdonald;  but  his  forces 
were  always  marshalled  with  consummate 
skill,  and  by  the  discussion  of  affairs  and 
the  formulating  of  a  well  defined  policy,  in 
the  line  of  the  historic  principles  of  the 
Liberal  party,  the  electors  had  clear  issues 
placed  before  them  when  the  appeal  was 
made  in  1871,  at  the  close  of  the  first  par- 
liamentary term  after  confederation.  The 
actual  result  was  in  doubt  until  the  new 
legislature  met  in  December,  and  a  motion 
of  want  of  confidence  in  the  government 
was  keenly  and  brilliantly  debated.  But 
the  Liberals  prevailed  in  the  end ;  Mr.  Blake 
was  called  upon  to  form  a  government,  and 
in  the  first  session  effect  was  given  to  the 
principles  which  had  won  for  the  party  the 
confidence  of  the  people.  From  that  time 
until  now  the  same  principles  have  been 
maintained  by  the  Liberals  of  Ontario,  with 
such  expansion  and  development  as  circum- 
stances have  shown  to  be  desirable;  and, 
measured  by  all  the  results,  it  may  confi- 
dently be  affirmed  that  no  other  portion  of 
America  has  in  the  same  period  been  gov- 
erned so  wisely  or  well.  Owing  to  the  abo- 
lition of  dual  representation  in  1872,  both 
in  the  Provincial  legislature  and  in  the  Do- 
minion parliament,  Mr.  Blake  resigned  the 
premiership  so  that  he  might  occupy  the 
larger  sphere  at  Ottawa,  and  upon  his  ad- 
vice the  office  of  first  minister  of  the  pro- 
vince was  committed  to  the  Hon.  Oliver 
Mowat.  Mr.  Blake  was  re-elected  to  the 
Commons  by  acclamation  for  West  Durham, 
and  was  also  returned  for  South  Bruce,  at 
the  general  election  in  1872 ;  he  sat  in  the 
house,  however,  as  representative  of  the 
latter  constituency.  The  part  he  took  in 
the  overthrow  of  the  Macdonald  govern- 
ment in  1873,  both  in  the  country  and  the 
house,  secured  for  him  the  highest  position 
yet  attained  by  a  political  leader  and  orator 
in  Canada.  His  career  since  that  event,  in 
office  and  out  of  it,  is  so  well-known  that 
space  need  not  be  taken  up  with  the  re- 


counting of  it.  It  has  been  largely  the 
political  history  of  the  country,  for  on  every 
important  question  his  voice  has  been  heard, 
uttering  the  sentiments  of  his  party.  He 
accepted  the  leadership  in  1880,  much 
against  his  own  will,  and  in  discharging  the 
duties  of  that  office  throughout  the  whole 
time  he  held  it  he  acted  up  to  the  full 
measure  of  his  conviction,  that  no  abilities 
are  too  good  to  be  given,  and  no  effort 
too  great  to  be  spent,  for  Canada. — Mr. 
Blake  is  not  only  the  foremost  of  Canadian 
parliamentary  orators,  but,  had  his  lot  been 
cast  in  the  larger  sphere  of  Imperial  or  Ke- 
publican  politics,  he  would  without  doubt 
have  attained  a  place  in  the  front  rank  of 
those  great  orators  who  have  shed  lustre  on 
the  Anglo-Saxon  race  and  helped  to  im- 
mortalize the  English  tongue.  When  he 
was  comparatively  young  in  public  life  a 
well-known  Canadian  writer,  who  was  by 
his  previous  experience  exceptionally  well 
qualified  to  compare  him  with  the  greatest 
of  English  contemporary  orators,  thus  re- 
corded the  results  of  such  a  comparison 
after  hearing  Mr.  Blake  for  the  first  time, 
shortly  after  the  writer's  arrival  in  Canada. 
— "  The  present  writer  has  often  seen  in 
the  British  House  of  Commons  a  debate 
degenerate  into  a  squabble,  in  which  small 
passions  and  petty  aims  made  the  moral  at- 
mosphere foul  and  fetid.  Then  Mr.  Glad- 
stone has  risen  up,  and  immediately  one 
felt  raised  into  a  high  moral  plane,  with  a 
wider  horizon  and  more  pleasing  intellect- 
ual prospect  ;  the  mere  tone  of  his  voice — 
firm,  sincere,  truthful  in  its  ring — acting  as 
a  spell  to  lay  the  evil  spirits  which  up  to 
that  time  had  it  all  their  own  way.  Pre- 
cisely a  similar  effect  was  produced  by  Mr. 
Blake.  Here  was  a  sincere  man  who  '  dared 
not  lie,'  who  had  principles  to  maintain, 
who  was  not  a  prey  to  anxiety  lest  he  might 
lose  place  and  power,  who  was  not  driven 
like  a  leaf  in  the  fall  wind  by  his  own  pas- 
sions. His  intellectual  and  moral  superi- 
ority was  crush ingly  apparent.  .  .  .  Mr. 
Blake  as  an  orator  is  something  of  the 
same  style  as  Lord  Selborne  (Sir  Roundell 
Palmer),  with  a  dash  of  Sir  J.  D.  Cole- 
ridge's honeyed  satire  and  Mr.  Gladstone's 
earnestness  of  purpose."  A  distinguished 
Canadian  judge  in  a  conversation  with  the 
writer  of  this  sketch  gave  an  opinion  of  Mr. 
Blake's  rank  among  the  great  English 
orators  of  the  day ;  and,  as  it  has  never  been 
published  before,  it  is  perhaps  worth  quot- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


69^ 


ing  in  the  same   connection.     When  the 
eminent  American  .statesman,  Mr.  Evarts, 
was  in  Toronto  a   few  years  ago  he  was 
publicly  welcomed  by  the  Law  Society  of 
Ontario  at  Osgoode  Hall,  and  by  members 
of  the  senate  and  faculty  of  Toronto  Uni- 
versity, Mr.  Blake  being  the  principal  offi- 
cer to  receive  and  welcome  him  on  both  oc- 
casions.    The  late  Chief  Justice  Moss,  who 
was  also  present,  was  afterwards  asked  how 
in  his  opinion  Mr.  Blake    compared  as  a 
speaker  with  Mr.  Evarts,  and  his  reply  was 
that,  so  far  as  could  be  judged  by  the  op- 
portunities afforded  at  these  gatherings  the 
Canadian  was  unmistakably  the  superior  of 
the  American.     He  added  that  he  had  been 
in  the  habit  for  a  number  of  years  of  spend- 
ing his  holidays  in  England ;  that  while  the  re 
he  had  met  and  heard  many  of  the  leading 
statesmen  and  lawyers  of  that  country ;  and 
his  firm  conviction  was  that  in  Mr.  Blake  Ca- 
nada possessed  a  man  who  was  intellectual 
ly  and  oratorically  the  equal  of  any  one  of 
them  and  the  superior  of  almost  all.     Per- 
haps no  two  English- speaking  public  men 
of  this  generation  have  been  so  frequently 
compared  with  each  other  in  their  style  of 
oratory  as  Mr.  Blake  and  his  great  English 
prototype,  Mr.  Gladstone.  It  may  be  thought 
that  the  resemblance  said  to  exist  between 
them  is  more  fanciful  than  real;  that  such 
comparisons  have  their  origin  in  the  pride 
— patriotic  or   partisan — which  Canadians 
feel  in  those  of  their  countrymen  who  have 
attained   distinction;  that   Sir  John  Mac- 
donald,  for  example,  has  often  been  said  to 
bear   a  close  likeness   to  Mr.  Gladstone's 
old  antagonist.  Earl  Beaconsfield.     In  the 
case,  however,  of  the  two  great  Conserva- 
tive chieftains  the  likeness  was  supposed  to 
be  less  discernible  in  their  oratory  than  in 
their  personal  appearance,  and  in  the  me- 
thods they  pursued  as  party  leaders.     But 
the  more  closely  we  study  the  speeches  and 
the  public  life  of  the  two  great  Liberal  lead- 
ers the  more  clearly  will  it  be  seen  that  the 
resemblance  between  them  has  a  far  more 
substantial  foundation  than  any  mere  Can- 
adian pride  in  a  distinguished  son  of  Cana- 
da, although  Canadians  were  well  pleased 
to  think  that,  side  by  side  with  some   oi 
Britain's  greatest  men,  before  a  critical  and 
cultured  Edinburgh  audience  a  few  years 
ago,  Canada  saw  "  her  bairn  respected  like 
the  lave."     Wherein,  then,  does  the  resem 
blance  consist,  if  such  resemblance  there  be  ? 
Does  it  lie  in  the  similarity  of  their  methods 


rhetoricians,  or  in  qualities  less  super  - 
icial   and  less  minutely   definable?     The 
writer  above  quoted  describes  in  a  single 
phrase  the  strong  underlying  points  of  re- 
semblance between  the  Englishman  and  the 
Canadian.     The  true  secret  of  their  power 
as  orators  lies  in  their  intellectual  and  moral 
superiority.     Perhaps  it  lies  even  more  in 
:he  moral  element  than  hi  the  intellectual, 
though  the  fibres  of  mind  and  character  are 
so  closely  interwoven  in  the  texture  of  their 
speeches  that  it  is   difficult  to   decide  in 
which  quality  lies  their  greatest  strength. 
True  it  is  that  the  gifts  and  graces  of  rhe- 
toric have  been  bountifully  bestowed  upon 
both.     Some  of  these  they  hold  in  common, 
and  in  others  each  has  been  specially  en- 
dowed.    But  to  say  that  the  possession  of 
these  merely  rhetorical  accomplishments  is 
what  makes  each  the  greatest  living  orator 
of  his  country  is  to  assign  a  wholly  inade- 
quate cause  for  so  large  an  effect.    The  fact 
that  intellectually  they  are  giants,  and  that 
morally  they  are  believed  to  be  sincere,  high- 
minded,  sans  peur  et  sans  reproche,  is  what 
largely  gives  them  their  power  as  orators. 
Mr.  Blake's  firm  and  comprehensive  grasp 
of  any  subject  with  which  he  grapples,  the 
almost  phenomenal  way  in  which  he  masters 
and  then  marshals  all  its  facts,  are  qualities 
in  which  we  doubt  if  he  is  excelled  by  any 
living  statesman.  Not  merely  are  the  broad 
outlines  drawn   with  a   strong  hand,  but, 
when  necessary  for  his  purpose,  the  minute- 
est  details  are  filled  in  with  the  fidelity  of  a 
photograph.      In  fact  so  thoroughly  does 
he  exhaust  the  details  of  his  subject  in  some 
of  his  more  elaborate  parliamentary  speeches 
that  the  effect  is  to  mar  the  whole  perform- 
ance, viewed  simply  as  an  oratorical  effect. 
Perhaps  no  one  knows  this  better  than  Mr. 
Blake  himself,  and  the  fact  that  he  is  thus 
content  to  risk  his  reputation  as  an  orator 
from  the  same  high  sense  of  duty  which  has 
kept  him  in  uncongenial  public  life  for  many 
years,  against  his  personal  wishes  and  to 
the  serious  impairment  of  his  health  and 
income,  should  be  sufficient  to  secure  him 
the  indulgence  of  the  severest  critic,    for  it 
is  a  failing  which  surely  leans  to  virtue's 
side.     His  manner  in  speaking  is  earnest 
and  forcible,  such  a  manner  as  befits    an 
orator  who  seeks  to   convince  his  hearers 
through  the  medium  of  their  reason,  and  he 
never  indulges   in  ad  captandum  appeals. 
His  sentences,  like  his  whole  treatment  of 
his  subject,  though  they  may  be  somewhat 


694 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


involved,  are  always  thoroughly  in  hand; 
he  never  loses  himself  in  a  maze,  seldom 
hesitates  for  the  right  word,  and  always  ap- 
pears to  have  the  whole  plan  of  his  speech 
before  his  mind's  eye.  His  language  unites 
the  copiousness  and  variety  of  the  accom- 
plished scholar  with  the  clear  cut  precision 
of  the  lawyer;  and  the  wealth  of  illustration 
with  which  he  adorns  his  best  speeches, 
drawn  as  it  is  from  every  conceivable  source 
in  life  and  literature,  would  in  itself  be  re- 
garded as  wonderful  if  it  were  not  associ- 
ated with  intellectual  powers  which  are  all 
on  an  equally  high  plane.  He  is  perhaps 
at  his  best  in  the  role  of  satirist,  and  herein 
he  displays  qualities  in  which  he  far  excels 
the  great  English  statesman  to  whom  it  is 
no  derogation  to  compare  him.  Earnest 
and  argumentative  like  Mr.  Gladstone  he 
habitually  is,  but  when  engaged  in  thrust 
and  parry  with  an  opponent  wit  and 
humor  lend  their  aid,  and  often  with  such 
merciless  effect  that  they  defeat  the  speaker's 
purpose  by  creating  sympathy  for  his  antag- 
onist. The  best  specimen  of  Mr.  Blake's 
style  of  oratory  will  be  found  in  his  shorter 
extemporaneous  speeches  in  parliament.  In 
many  of  his  longer  speeches  his  best  quali- 
ties as  an  orator  have  been  suppressed  by 
too  much  elaborateness  of  preparation.  Able 
as  they  are  as  examples  of  clear  consecutive 
reasoning,  they  partake  too  much  of  the 
character  of  essays;  wanting  spontaneity, 
they  lack  the  fire  and  vim  of  his  shorter 
speeches.  As  an  illustration  of  this  view, 
take  the  short  speech  in  which  Mr.  Blake 
replied  to  the  leader  of  the  government  in 
1882,  on  the  motion  for  the  second  reading 
of  the  Redistribution  Bill — better  known  as 
the  Gerrymander  Bill.  All  the  leading  fea- 
tures of  that  measure  were  seized  and  a 
complete  criticism  of  them  pronounced  in 
the  course  of  a  twenty  minutes'  speech,  with 
such  telling  force  that  no  one  on  the  minis- 
terial side  dared  offer  a  reply.  It  was  as 
perfect  a  criticism  of  a  large  subject  as  the 
far  more  elaborate  speech  on  the  bill  in 
committee  of  the  whole  a  few  days  later, 
saving  in  matters  of  detail,  and  the  verdict 
of  those  who  listened  to  both  speeches 
doubtless  was  that  the  shorter  one  was  by 
large  odds  weightier  and  more  convincing 
than  the  longer  and  heavier  one.  There 
was  material  enough  in  the  latter  for  half- 
a-dozen  first-class  speeches,  but  it  erred  in 
leaving  nothing  for  any  other  member  to 
say.  Another  of  Mr.  Blake's  speeches 


which  showed  his  skill  in  stating  and  dis- 
cussing subjects  tersely  and  vigorously  is 
his  speech  at  London  in  January,  1886,  in 
which  he  dealt  with  the  execution  of  Riel 
and  presented  a  general  review  of  the  poli- 
tical situation.  Such  massing  of  facts  and 
arraying  of  reasons,  conjoined  with  such 
judicial  fairness  in  balancing  the  weights 
of  evidence,  are  rarely  to  be  met  with  in 
the  records  of  political  eloquence.  "  Though 
the  skies  be  dark,"  he  said  in  closing  that 
speech,  "  yet  trust  we  in  the  Supreme  good- 
ness. We  believe  our  cause  is  just  and 
true.  We  believe  that  truth  and  justice 
shall  in  God's  good  time  prevail.  It  may 
be  soon;  it  may  be  late.  His  ways  are  not 
our  ways,  and  His  unfathomable  purposes 
we  may  not  gauge.  But  this  we  know, 
that  in  our  efforts  we  are  in  the  line  of 
duty.  We  hope,  indeed,  to  make  our  cause 
prevail.  But,  win  or  lose  to-day,  we  know 
that  we  shall  receive  for  the  faithful  dis- 
charge of  duty  an  exceeding  great  reward 
— the  only  reward  which  is  worth  attaining, 
the  only  reward  which  is  sure  to  last."- 
Mr.  Blake's  thorough  honesty  of  purpose  is 
one  of  his  most  conspicuous  qualities.  Many 
proofs  of  this  quality  might  be  given  from 
his  speeches,  but  one  will  suffice.  In  clos- 
ing his  speech  on  the  execution  of  Biel,  in 
the  House  of  Commons  in  March,  1886,  he 
said:  "I  know  the  atmosphere  of  prejudice 
and  passion  which  surrounds  this  case.  I 
know  how  difficult  it  will  be  for  years  to  come 
to  penetrate  that  dense  atmosphere.  I  know 
how  many  people  of  my  own  race  and  of 
my  own  creed  entertain  sentiments  and 
feelings  hostile  to  the  conclusion  to  which 
I  have  been  driven.  I  know  that  many 
whom  I  esteem  and  in  whose  judgment  I 
have  confidence,  after  examination  of  this 
case,  have  been  unable  to  reach  my  own  con- 
clusion. I  blame  no  one.  Each  has  the 
right  and  duty  to  judge  for  himself.  But 
cries  have  been  raised  on  both  sides  which 
are  potent,  most  potent  in  preventing  the 
public  from  coming  to  a  just  conclusion; 
yet  we  must  not  by  any  such  cries  be  de- 
terred from  doing  our  duty.  I  haye  been 
threatened  more  than  once  by  hon.  gentle- 
men opposite  during  this  debate  with  poli- 
tical annihilation  in  consequence  of  the  atti- 
tude of  the  Liberal  party  which  they  pro- 
jected on  this  question;  and  I  so  far  agree 
with  them  as  to  admit  that  the  vote  I  am 
about  to  give  is  an  inexpedient  vote,  and 
that,  if  politics  were  a  game,  I  should  be 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


695 


making  a  false  move.  I  should  be  glad  to 
be  able  to  reach  a  conclusion  different  from 
that  which  is  said  by  hon.  gentlemen  op- 
posite to  be  likely  to  weaken  my  influence 
and  imperil  my  position.  But  it  can  be 
said  of  none  of  us,  least  of  all  of  the  humble 
individual  who  now  addresses  you,  that  his 
continued  possession  of  a  share  of  public 
confidence,  of  the  lead  of  a  party,  or  of  a 
seat  in  parliament,  is  essential  or  even 
highly  important  to  the  public  interest; 
while  for  all  of  us  what  is  needful  is  not 
that  we  should  retain,  but  that  we  should 
deserve  the  public  confidence;  not  that 
we  should  keep,  but  that  while  we  do 
keep  we  should  honestly  use  our  seats  in 
parliament.  To  act  otherwise  would  be 
to  grasp  at  the  shadow  and  to  lose  the  sub- 
stance ;  propter  vitam  vivendi  perdere 
causas.  We  may  be  wrong;  we  must  be 
true.  We  should  be  ready  to  close,  but  re- 
solved to  keep  unstained  our  public  careers. 
I  am  unable  honestly  to  differ  from  the  view 
that  it  is  deeply  to  be  regretted  that  this 
execution  should  have  been  allowed  to  take 
place,  and  therefore  in  favor  of  that  view  I 
must  record  my  vote."  This  view  of  the 
exalted  duties  of  a  representative  of  the 
people  must  commend  itself  to  every  man 
who  esteems  truth,  honor  and  country ;  and 
it  is  the  knowledge  of  the  holding  of  this 
and  like  views  by  Mr.  Blake,  not  less  than 
his  intellectual  qualities,  which  secures  for 
him  the  esteem  of  the  best  men  of  all 
classes.  "We  are  all  proud  of  Edward 
Blake,"  Principal  Grant  of  Queen's  Uni- 
versity exclaimed  when  presenting  him  to 
address  a  Queen's  convocation  a  few  years 
ago.  "  Mr.  Blake  is  a  distinguished  man, 
a  credit  to  any  country  from  his  ability  and 
eloquence  and  devotion  to  public  matters," 
Sir  John  Macdonald  said  when  referring  to 
his  absence  from  the  house  and  country  at 
the  opening  of  the  1888  session  of  parlia- 
ment.— Many  speeches  delivered  in  the 
House  of  Commons  and  out  of  it  during  the 
last  twenty  years  attest  Mr.  Blake's  ability 
and  eloquence,  but  one  extract  will  serve 
for  illustration.  It  is  taken  from  the  report 
of  a  speech  delivered  at  Lindsay  in  1887,  on 
the  administration  of  the  North- West.  After 
sketching  the  principal  events  leading  up  to 
the  Half-breed  rebellion  down  to  the  summer 
of  1884,  he  said :  "  The  time,  if  ever  there  was 
a  time,  for  conditions  of  non-alienation 
passed  away;  the  state  6f  things  changed, 
the  discontent  grew,  the  demand  became 


fixed  and  formulated  for  like  treatment  as 
the  Half-breeds  of  Manitoba,  and  its  con- 
cession in  this  form  was  pressed  on  the 
government  by  everyone  in  the  North-west, 
including  the  council.  But  all  in  vain!  The 
government  was  deaf;  the  government  was 
blind;  the  goverment  was  dumb;  indeed 
for  all  they  did  in  this  matter  the  govern- 
ment might  as  well  have  been  dead!  Nay, 
better!  for  had  they  been  dead  I  do  not 
believe  another  baker's  dozen  of  Tories  could 
have  been  found  to  succeed  them  who  could 
have  been  as  deaf,  and  dumb,  and  blind, 
and  dead  as  they;  and  Canada  might  have 
been  saved  the  blow,  the  dreadful  blow, 
which  they  caused,  if  they  did  not  actually 
inflict  upon  their  country!  At  length,  in 
June,  1884,  after  five  years  of  total,  of  ab- 
solute inaction  in  this  pressing  matter,  oc- 
curred an  event  so  marked  that  it  might 
have  made  the  deaf  to  hear,  the  dumb  to 
speak,  the  blind  to  see,  nay,  might  almost 
have  waked  the  dead,  —for  then  it  happen- 
ed that  these  poor  people,  despairing  at 
last  of  reaching  otherwise  the  ears  of  their 
rulers  at  Ottawa,  sent  a  deputation  on  foot 
to  tramp  the  prairies,  cross  the  rivers  and 
penetrate  the  forests,  seven  hundred  long 
miles  into  Montana,  to  find  and  to  counsel 
with  their  old  chief  and  leader,  Louis  Biel. 
They  reached  him;  they  invited  his  help; 
he  agreed  to  return  in  their  company,  to 
lead  his  people  in  an  agitation  for  the 
rights  which  they  had  so  long  asked  in 
vain ;  he  returned  on  this  demand,  on  this  er- 
rand, in  those  relations  to  his  kinsmen;  and 
he  was  triumphantly  and  enthusiastically 
received  by  a  large  assembly  of  the  Half- 
breeds  on  the  banks  of  the  Saskatchewan; 
and  all  these  ominous  and  portentous  facts 
were  known  to  the  government!  Now  what 
at  this  juncture  was  the  relation  of  Louis 
Biel  to  the  disturbed  populations  of  the 
North-west?  That  is  a  most  important 
question  to  be  answered  when  you  are  mea- 
suring the  situation  and  awarding  its  due 
responsibility  to  the  government.  For  I  ask 
you,  having  asked  that  question,  to  decide, 
as  I  believe  you  will  unhesitatingly  decide, 
I  ask  not  you  Liberals  only,  but  the  most 
compassionate,  the  most  faithful  Tory,  the 
blindest,  the- most  party-ridden  Tory  here, 
to  decide, — even  if  he  can  find,  what  I  can- 
not find,  in  the  loving  kindness  of  his 
nature,  in  the  softness  of  his  heart,  some,  I 
will  not  say  justification,  I  will  not  say  ex- 
cuse, but  some  palliation  for  that  five  long 


696 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


years  of  inaction, — yet  I  ask  you  all,  with 
absolute  confidence,  to  agree  with  me  that 
for  the  inaction  after  June,  1884,  there  is, 
under  heaven,  no  palliation  whatever.  What 
was  the  relation  of  Riel  to  those  amongst 
whom  he  came  ?  I  will  not  give  you  my  own 
comparisons;  I  will  give  you  those  of  the 
first  minister  himself,  used  in  reply  to  me  in 
parliament.  He  said  that  Riel  was  the  El 
Mahdi  of  the  Metis!  The  El  Mahdi— you 
know  him — the  Arabian  priest,  and  prophet, 
and  usurping  chief,  who  excited  in  the 
breasts  of  the  wild  tribes  of  the  desert  such 
a  convinced  belief  in  his  supernatural 
powers,  such  a  devoted  and  fanatic  affec- 
tion to  his  person,  such  a  desperate  fidelity 
to  his  cause,  that  at  his  bidding,  ill-armed 
and  undisciplined  as  they  were,  they  flung 
their  naked  bodies  in  ferocious  fight  against 
the  better  drilled  and  more  numerous  forces 
of  their  lawful  sovereign,  the  Khedive;  nay, 
they  hurled  those  naked  bodies  once  and 
again  against  the  serried  ranks  of  the 
British  battalions ;  and  boldly  encountered 
at  once  all  the  old  British  valor,  and  all  the 
modern  dreadful  appliances  of  war ;  and  the 
sands  of  Africa  were  wet  with  brave  Eng- 
lish blood,  and  English  wives  and  mothers 
wept  bitter  tears  for  the  deeds  done  under 
these  influences  by  the  wild  followers  of 
El  Mahdi.  He  said  that  Riel  was  the  La 
Roche jacquelin  of  the  Metis!  La  Roche- 
jacquelin,  the  young  French  noble  who, 
when  all  France  almost  beside  had  submit- 
ted to  the  republic,  raised  again  the  white 
flag  of  the  legitimate  monarchy,  roused  the 
peaceful  peasantry  of  remote  La  Vendee, 
led  them  in  successful  attack  against  strong 
places  held  by  the  forces  of  the  republic, 
and  by  virtue  of  the  spirit  he  infused,  the 
confidence  they  reposed,  the  affection  and 
fealty  they  bore  towards  their  feudal  chief, 
kept  at  bay  for  a  while  the  great  enemies  of 
the  state.  He  said  he  was  the  Charles  Stuart, 
the  Pretender,  the  leader  of  the  lost  cause 
of  the  Half-breeds !  '  Bonnie  Prince  Charlie, 
the  king  of  the  Hieland  hearts,'  who,  after 
the  lowlands  of  Scotland,  after  all  England, 
after  all  Ireland  had  submitted  to  the  new 
rule,  yet  raised  the  clans;  marched  into 
Edinburgh;  held  court  at  Holyrood;  made 
a  descent  on  England  itself;  and,  when 
pressed  back  into  the  north,  fought  with  his 
irregular  and  ill-equipped  liegemen  in  un- 
equal, but  obstinate  and  glorious,  and  some- 
times successful  conflict  with  the  disciplined 
troops  of  the  new  dynasty!  The  Stuart, 


who  found  and  proved  for  the  hundredth 
time  the  stern  valor  and  the  enthusiastic  love 
of  his  -  Highland  followers;  who  found  and 
proved  it,  not  only  in  the  fleeting  hour  of 
victory,  but  in  the  dark  season  of  distress; 
when,  with  broken  fortunes  and  a  lost  cause, 
with  thirty  thousand  pounds  offered  for  his 
head,  and  death  assigned  as  the  penalty  for 
his  harborer,  he  was  safely  guarded,  and 
loved,  and  cherished,  and  sheltered  by  his 
clansmen  in  the  caves  and  glens  and  bothies 
of  the  Highlands,  as  safe  as  if  he  had  been 
in  command  in  the  centre  of  a  British 
square !  Yes !  they  scorned  the  base  reward ; 
they  contemned  the  dreadful  penalty ;  they 
kept  him  safe,  and  at  length  helped  him  to 
escape  to  other  climes,  to  wait  for  the  better 
days  that  never  came.  Such  were  the  men 
to  whom  the  first  minister  compared  Riel, 
in  his  relation  to  the  Metis.  And,  such 
being  his  relation,  I  ask  you  was  not  his 
coming  an  ominous  and  portentous  event? 
He  came,  with  all  that  power  and  influence 
over  that  ill-educated,  half-civilized,  impul- 
sive, yet  proud  and  sensitive  people,  liv- 
ing their  lonely  lives  in  that  far  land;  he 
came  amongst  them  at  their  request;  he 
who  had  led  the  Half-breeds  of  the  east  in 
'69,  and  had  achieved  for  them  a  treaty  and 
the  recognition  of  their  rights;  he  came  to 
lead  his  kinsmen  of  the  west  in  the  path  by 
which  they  were,  as  they  hoped,  to  obtain 
their  rights  as  well!  Had  the  government 
been  diligent  before,  they  should  have  been 
roused  by  this  to  further  zeal.  But  h& 
came  after  five  years  of  absolute  lethargy 
on  the  part  of  the  government,  when  they 
knew  that  they  had  not  been  diligent,  and 
when,  therefore,  they  had  a  double  duty  to 
repair,  in  the  time  God  gave  them  still,  the 
consequences  of  their  sloth.  Surely,  surely 
such  a  coming  should  have  made  the  deaf 
to  hear,  the  blind  to  see,  the  dumb  to  speak ; 
surely  it  might  almost  have  waked  the 
dead!  "  This  extract  will  compare  with  the 
best  effort  of  any  modern  parliamentary  or 
platform  speaker,  and  the  whole  speech  is 
probably  the  best  specimen  of  moving  elo- 
quence ever  uttered  by  a ,  public  man  in< 
America. — The  heavy  and  prolonged  strain 
of  the  election  campaign  of  1886-7  had  a 
serious  effect  on  Mr.  Blake's  health,  and 
resulted  in  a  nervous  collapse  which  made  a 
holding  of  the  position  of  leader  of  a  par- 
liamentary party  no  longer  possible  to  one 
of  his  sense  of  duty.  He  accordingly  re- 
signed the  leadership  of  the  Liberals  in  the- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


697 


session  of  1887,  to  the  sincere  regret  of  his 
followers  in  the  house  and,  it  may  be  said, 
to  the  regret  of  the  whole  country  besides. 
Morison,  Lewis  Francis,  Advo- 
cate, St.  Hyacinthe,  was  born  in  that  city, 
on  the  30th  January,  1842.  His  .father, 
Donald  George  Morison,  was  born  at  Sorel, 
P.Q.,  and  was  many  years  a  notary.  His 
grandfather,  Allan  Morison,  was  born  on 
Lewis  Island,  west  coast  of  Scotland,  and 
came  to  Canada  about  1770,  settling  in  the 
district  of  Montreal.  Mr.  Morison' s  mother 
was  Marie  A.  Rosalie  Papineau,  daughter  of 
the  Hon.  D.  B.  Papineau,  and  niece  of  the  late 
Hon.  Louis  Joseph  Papineau  Mr.  Morison, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  educated  at 
the  College  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  and  studied  law 
with  the  late  Hon.  M.  Laframboise  and  the 
Hon.  Auguste  C.  Papineau,  now  on  the 
bench  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  province 
of  Quebec.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  on 
the  2nd  of  February,  1868,  and  has  been  in 
practice  at  St.  Hyacinthe  since  that  date. 
He  does  business  in  all  the  courts,  civil  and 
criminal,  and  has  a  remunerative  practice. 
Mr.  Morison  served  two  years  as  council- 
man in  the  municipality  of  the  city  of  St. 
Hyacinthe,  and  in  January,  1880,  was  elect- 
ed, without  opposition,  mayor,  which  office 
he  held  for  two  years.  Being  a  native  of 
the  city,  and  having  grown  with  it,  he  natur- 
ally takes  a  pride  in  witnessing  its  pro- 
gress. Mr.  Morison  is  president  of  the 
Granite  Mill  Company,  which  he  started  in 
1882,  and  which  now  turns  out  the  finest 
quality  of  knitting  in  Canada,  and  employs 
about  six  hundred  hands.  He  was  also  one 
of  the  original  promoters,  and  is  now  a 
director,  of  the  St.  Hyacinthe,  Manufactur- 
ing Company.  This  concern  only  manu- 
factures fine  flannel,  which  is  in  great  de- 
mand, and  is  kept  running  full  time  all  the 
year.  He  constructed  the  first  macadamized 
road  in  this  section  of  the  county.  The 
first  section  of  five  miles  of  this  road  con- 
nected St.  Hyacinthe  with  quarries,  lime- 
kilns, and  sand  pits,  greatly  helping  build- 
ing operations,  and  created  a  new  source  of 
wealth  for  its  citizens.  He  is  also  proprie- 
tor of  two  of  the  toll  bridges  built  at  St. 
Hyacinthe  across  the  Yamaska  river,  and 
has  a  large  interest  hi  the  third  one.  These 
bridges  are  built  under  private  charters,  and 
give  more  easy  access  to  the  city.  Mr. 
Morison  is  what  may  be  called  a  live  citizen, 
and  he  loses  no  opportunity  to  advance  the 
prosperity  of  his  native  place.  In  politics, 


he  is  a  Liberal,  and  in  religion,  a  member 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  He  is  a 
close  student,  and  growing  in  reputation  as 
a  lawyer  who  will  add  to  the  prestige  of  the 
profession  of  which  he  is  such  a  good  repre- 
sentative. 

Fulton,  Dr.  John,  Toronto.  The 
late  Dr.  Fulton  was  born  in  the  township  of 
Southwold,  Elgin  county,  Ontario,  on  the 
12th  February,  1837,  and  died  at  Toronto- 
on  the  15th  June,  1887.  The  illness  which 
ended  his  useful  life  was  the  result  of  a 
severe  cold,  taken  in  the  course  of  ordin- 
ary professional  duties.  His  father  was  a 
highly  respectable  farmer  of  Irish  origin. 
His  mother's  family  had  originally  come 
from  Scotland,  and  their  son  John  very 
early  showed  all  the  quickness  of  the  one  race 
and  the  shrewdness  and  perseverance  of  the 
other.  He  began  his  early  education  when 
very  young,  and  continued  for  several  years- 
at  school,  always  one  of  the  best  behaved 
and  most  advanced  of  the  scholars.  He 
continued  at  home  on  the  farm  till  he  was 
eighteen  years  of  age,  when  his  health, 
never  robust,  although  as  a  rule  good,  was 
such  as  to  warrant  him  in  seeking  a  less 
laborious  and  more  congenial  occupation. 
He  became  a  school  teacher,  having  ob- 
tained successively  several  certificates,  and 
was,  as  usual,  not  very  long  before  reach- 
ing the  highest  grade.  As  a  teacher  he- 
was,  wherever  he  taught,  most  successful — 
seeing  clearly  himself  every  point  he  de- 
sired to  teach  others,  he  had  the  somewhat 
rare  but  invaluable  power  of  making  it  clear 
and  simple  to  every  pupil — a  power  which 
characterized  him  all  through  life  in  his  sub- 
sequent career  as  a  prominent  professor  of 
various  branches  of  medical  science.  He 
began  his  medical  studies  under  the  super- 
vision of  Dr.  J.  H.  Wilson,  of  St.  Thomas,  a 
highly  respected  medical  man,  still  engaged 
actively  in  his  profession.  From  the  mo- 
ment of  his  entrance  on  his  professional 
studies  he  was  characterized  by  unremitting 
zeal — never  being  idle,  doing  as  much  work 
in  the  way  of  study  in  a  week  as  would 
take  most  young  men  a  month  to  master. 
In  due  course  he  entered  the  medical  school 
so  long  and  so  successfully  carried  on  by~ 
by  the  late  Dr.  Rolph;  and  here  he  at  once 
ranked  as  one  of  the  best  men  of  his  year^ 
He  was  ever  most  ambitious,  and  was  not 
content  with  matriculating  as  usual  in  medi- 
cine alone,  but  also  matriculated  in  arts  at 
the  University  of  Toronto,  taking  a  high 


698 


A  CYCLPO^DIA  OF 


position  in  this  examination.  After  com- 
pleting his  course  he  graduated  at  Victoria 
University,  of  which  at  that  time  Dr.  Kolph's 
school  was  the  medical  department.  He 
also  went  up  for  his  examination  and  grad- 
uated in  medicine  at  the  University  of  To- 
ronto. He  had  hardly  taken  his  degree  in 
Canada,  when  he  went  to  New  York  and 
spent  some  time  attending,  with  his  custom- 
ary regularity,  Bellevue  Hospital,  in  that 
city,  and  very  shortly  left  for  England, 
where  he  spent  all  the  time  at  his  disposal 
in  the  hospital  wards  and  at  his  studies. 
He  successfully  went  up  before  the  Koyal 
College  of  Physicians  of  London,  and  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  England,  and 
obtained  the  license  of  the  one  and  the 
membership  of  the  other.  He  then  visited 
Paris  and  Berlin  for  a  brief  space,  and  as 
usual  was  found  following  the  great  mas- 
ters of  these  capitals  around  the  hospitals, 
never  losing  sight  of  his  great  aim — the  in- 
creasing of  his  already  large  store  of  pro- 
fessional knowledge.  Shortly  after  his  re- 
turn to  Canada  he  was  married,  January, 
1864,  to  Isabella  Campbell,  of  Yarmouth, 
Ontario,  whose  premature  decease,  in  Octo- 
ber, 1884,  all  but  crushed  his  heart,  and  who 
was  deservedly  loved  and  respected  by  all 
who  knew  her.  Dr.  Fulton  settled  in  Fin- 
gal,  Ontario,  for  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion, and  had  not  been  there  long  before  he 
was  tendered  by  the  late  Dr.  Eolph  and  ac- 
cepted the  professorship  in  anatomy,  in  the 
medical  school  of  which  he  had  so  recently 
been  a  distinguished  student.  His  duties 
as  a  professor  were  begun  with  enthusiasm, 
and  as  a  medical  teacher  he  was  a  success 
from  the  very  first.  Not  content,  as  most 
men  of  his  early  age  would  have  been,  with 
the  high  position  he  had  already  reached, 
he  attended  University  College  classes  in 
arts,  with  the  intention  of  graduating  in 
arts  at  the  provincial  university.  This  in- 
tention, owing  to  constantly  increasing  du- 
ties, he  had  most  reluctantly  to  abandon  ; 
for  he  greatly  disliked  to  give  up  any  plan 
on  which  he  had  deliberately  set  his  heart. 
In  addition  to  his  professional  and  profes- 
sorial duties,  in  1867  he  began  and  shortly 
completed  his  work  on  "  Physiology,"  which 
was  for  years  highly  prized  by  successive 
classes  of  students,  as  giving  a  clear  and 
succinct  epitome  of  that  subject  in  the  brief- 
est possible  compass,  and  which  he  subse- 
quently re-wrote  and  enlarged  for  a  second 
edition.  In  1869-70  he  lectured  on  phy- 


siology and  botany  with  the  same  accept- 
ance as  had  characterized  his  lectures  on 
anatomy.  In  1870  he  busied  himself,  in 
addition  to  other  duties,  in  writing  a  work  on 
Materia  Medica  which,  however,  from  stress 
of  other  labors,  was  never  completed.  This 
year  he  sent  in  his  resignation  of  his  chair 
in  the  college,  owing  to  difficulties  which 
had  arisen,  and  in  consequence  of  which 
Drs.  Bolph,  Geikie,  and  Fulton  resigned 
together.  Dr.  Fulton  consented,  however, 
on  being  requested  to  do  so,  to  withdraw 
his  letter  of  resignation.  In  August,  1870, 
he  bought  from  its  then  proprietor  the  Do- 
minion Medical  Journal,  which  had  been 
carried  on  for  a  short  time,  and  into  which 
Dr.  Fulton  at  once  infused  life  and  vigor. 
He  changed  its  name  to  the  Canada  Lan- 
cet, under  which  title  it  appeared  for  the 
first  time  in  September,  1870,  and  under 
Dr.  Fulton's  indefatigable  editorship  has 
been  continued  ever  since  ;  the  Lancet  hav- 
ing in  that  time  risen  from  having  hardly 
any  influence  and  a  very  small  circulation, 
to  the  position  it  now  holds,  of  being  the 
most  influential  and  widely-circulated  medi- 
cal journal  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  a 
change  effected  by  its  proprietor's  amazing 
and  continuous  industry,  aided  by  his  great 
business  tact.  In  March,  1871,  Dr.  Fulton 
finally  resigned  his  chair  in  Victoria  Col- 
lege Medical  School,  and  was  offered  and 
accepted  the  professorship  of  physiology  in 
Trinity  Medical  College.  This  he  continued 
to  hold,  and  to  discharge  its  duties  with  dis- 
tinguished ability  and  satisfaction  to  all  con- 
cerned, until  a  few  years  ago,  when  he  suc- 
ceeded his  colleague,  Dr.  Bethune,  on  that 
gentleman  retiring  from  the  chair  of  sur- 
gery. This  chair  he  filled  ably  and  well  till 
his  death,  and  in  connection  with  it,  he  was 
also  one  of  the  surgeons  to  the  Toronto 
General  Hospital,  which  institution  has  in 
his  death  sustained  a  severe  loss.  As  an 
editor  of  a  medical  journal,  Dr.  Fulton  was 
earnest,  painstaking,  and  thorough  in  an 
unusual  degree.  The  same,  too,  may  be 
said  of  him  as  a  medical  teacher,  and  in- 
deed in  every  other  relation  in  life  where  he 
had  duties  to  perform.  He  was  for  nearly 
twenty  years  before  his  death  a  member  of 
Knox  Church,  Toronto,  and  one  of  the 
trustees  of  that  church.  Here  his  advice 
and  clear-headedness  will  be  much  missed. 
His  memory  will  be  long  cherished,  and  his 
example  it  is  to  be  hoped  will  be  followed 
by  not  a  few  of  our  young  medical  men. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


699 


For  as  Dr.  Fulton  made  himself  what  he 
was,  by  his  persevering  efforts,  for  he  was 
essentially  a  self-made  man,  they  too,  by 
doing  and  working  as  he  did,  may  come  to 
occupy  the  highest  positions  in  public  and 
professional  influence  and  respect.  He  left 
behind  him  a  son  and  three  daughters. 

Binney.  RiglitRev.Hibberl,p.D., 
Bishop  of  Nova  Scotia.  The  late  Bishop 
Binney  was  born  at  Sidney,  Cape  Breton,  on 
the  12th  August,  1819.  His  father,  the  Kev. 
Hibbert  Binney,  D.C.L.,  was  for  some  time 
rector  of  Sydney,  and  afterwards  removing 
to  England,  he  became  rector  of  Newbury, 
Bucks.  The  future  bishop  was  educated  at 
King's  College,  London,  and  in  due  time 
proceeded  to  Worcester  College,  Oxford. 
He  took  his  degree  of  B.A.  in  1842,  and  was 
elected  fellow  of  his  college,  holding  for  some 
years  in  addition  the  position  of  tutor  and 
bursar.  His  career  at  Oxford  was  a  high- 
ly honorable  one,  he  having  taken  a  first- 
class  in  mathematical  honors,  and  a  second- 
class  in  classical  honors,  thus  very  nearly 
attaining  the  very  high  distinction  of  a 
double  first.  On  the  bishopric  of  Nova 
Scotia  becoming  vacant  by  the  death  of  Dr. 
John  Inglis,  third  occupant  of  that  see,  the 
Hev.  Mr.  Binney  was  appointed  by  the 
Crown,  at  the  unusually  early  age  of  thirty- 
one.  It  is  said  that  while  the  question  of 
the  appointment  was  engaging  the  attention 
of  the  crown  officers,  there  being  several 
names  mentioned  for  the  vacant  see,  the 
Hon.  Joseph  Howe,  then  in  London,  was 
consulted  as  to  the  probable  wishes  of  the 
diocese,  when  he  at  once  said:  "  Give  it  to 
the  Nova  Scotian" — which  decided  the  mat- 
ter. Mr.  Binney  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  his  alma  mater,  and  was  consecrated 
in  Lambeth  Chapel,  March  25th,  1851.  On 
his  arrival  in  Nova  Scotia,  he  found  things 
not  as  satisfactory  as  he  desired;  but  he  set 
to  work  with  characteristic  vigor,  and  in  a  few 
years  had  more  than  doubled  the  number  of 
clergy  and  stations  occupied  by  the  Church 
of  England.  His  greatest  efforts  were 
directed  towards  the  establishment  of  a 
synod  or  legislative  body  of  clergy  and 
laity,  which  he  finally  accomplished  in  the 
face  of  much  opposition,  and  the  wisdom  of 
his  action  has  been  since  amply  justified. 
As  visitor  of  King's  College,  the  Church 
University  at  Windsor,  he  ever  took  a  deep 
interest  in  its  welfare,  giving  ungrudging 
attention  to  all  meetings  of  the  board  of 
governors  of  which  he  was  president.  The 


difficulties  of  his  arduous  post  became  in 
his  later  years  too  great  for  even  his  iron 
frame  and  will,  and  after  gradually  failing 
for  a  few  months,  he  died  quite  suddenly  in 
New  York,  where  he  had  gone  for  medical 
advice,  on  April  30,  1887,  in  the  thirty- 
seventh  year  of  his  episcopal,  and  the  sixty- 
eighth  of  his  age.  The  bishop  was  a  very 
strong-minded  man,  his  views  were  high 
church,  and  during  his  long  episcopate  he 
had  moulded  most  of  his  clergy  to  his  own 
ideas.  He  married  in  1854,  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  the  Hon.  William  B.  Bliss,  judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia,  by  whom 
he  had  two  sous  and  three  daughters. 

Tooke,  Benjamin,  Manufacturer, 
Montreal,  was  born  in  Montreal,  on  the 
12th  November,  18  8.  His  father,  Thomas 
Tooke,  was  a  well-known  citizen,  and  for 
forty  years  occupied  a  responsible  position 
in  the  Bank  of  Montreal.  Benjamin,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  was  educated  at  the 
High  School  of  his  native  city,  and  secured  a 
classical  and  commercial  education.  Short- 
ly after  leaving  school  he  entered  the  es- 
tablishment of  Gault  Brothers,  wholesale  dry 
goods  merchants,  as  a  junior  clerk,  and 
gradually  worked  his  way  up  until  he  be- 
came the  confidential  clerk  and  had  the 
fixing  of  the  prices  of  all  the  goods  coming 
into  the  establishment.  After  a  period  of 
ten  years  with  Gault  Brothers,  he  found  him- 
self master  of  all  the  details  of  business, 
and  otherwise  fully  equipped  to  face  the 
world  of  commerce.  Therefore,  in  1871,  he 
severed  his  connection  with  the  above  firm, 
and  commenced  the  manufacture  of  shirts 
and  collars,  conducting  his  operations  under 
the  name  of  the  Mount  Royal  Manufactur- 
ing Company.  Business  prospered,  and  in 
1873  had  grown  to  such  an  extent,  that  he 
found  himself  unable  to  att~*>d  to  all  its 
details,  and  took  in  as  r  .  Citing  partner 
Leslie  Skelton.  In  the  faU  of  1878,  Mr. 
Skelton  having  retired  from  the  firm,  Mr. 
Tooke  entered  into  a  partnership  with  his 
brother,  E.  J.  Tooke,  who  up  to  this  time 
had  been  carrying  on  a  retail  trade  in 
gentlemen's  furnishing  goods.  This  part- 
nership lasted  for  four  years,  — B.  J.  Tooke 
retiring  to  take  up  his  old  trade, — and  since 
then  he  has  conducted  his  business  alone. 
In  1884,  finding  his  already  extensive  premi- 
ses in  Montreal  too  cramped  for  his  steadily 
increasing  business,  he  selected  a  building 
site  in  St.  Laurent,  a  few  miles  from  the 
city,  erected  a  factory  sixty-five  feet  by 


700 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


forty  feet,  three  stories  high,  and  put  into 
it  the  most  improved  machinery.  This 
factory  has  proved  a  great  success,  pro- 
duces excellent  goods,  and  finds  employ- 
ment for  about  eight  hundred  and  fifty 
hands.  Mr.  Tooke  is  highly  respected  by 
his  numerous  workpeople,  and  the  utmost 
harmony  and  good  feeling  pervades  his  es- 
tablishment. In  politics  he  is  a  Conserva- 
tive, and  in  religion  belongs  to  the  Episco- 
pal church.  On  the  5th  December,  1872, 
he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Eastty,  daugh- 
ter of  W.  E.  Eastty,  of  London,  England. 
Scott,  Captain  Peter  A§tle,  R.N., 
Commander  of  the  Squadron  employed  for 
the  Protection  of  the  Fisheries,  and  Chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  Masters 
and  Mates  of  Canada,  was  born  on  the  25th 
of  February,  1816,  at  Gillingham,  Kent, 
England.  His  father,  James  Scott,  a  pay- 
master in  the  Royal  navy,  was  born  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  left  it  with  his  father,  a  captain  of 
the  Koyal  army  during  the  Revolution.  Cap- 
tain Scott  received  his  education  at  the  Ro- 
chester and  Chatham  Classical  and  Mathe- 
matical School,  at  Rochester,  county  of  Kent, 
He  joined  the  navy  as  a  volunteer  of  the 
first  class,  on  board  the  Basilisk  cutter,  ten 
guns,  at  the  Nore,  on  the  14th  of  February, 
1829;  removed  to  the  Prince  Regent,  120 
guns,  in  August,  1830,  spent  part  of  his  time 
in  the  Channel  with  the  flag  of  Rear  Ad- 
miral Sir  William  Parker,  and  also  on  the 
Scout,  eighteen  guns,  in  the  North  Sea. 
He  then  joined  the  Thunderer,  eighty-four 
guns,  and  passed  his  examination  for  lieu- 
tenant, 1st  September,  1835.  While  return- 
ing to  England  in  November  of  that  year  in 
a  merchantman,  she  capsized  while  cross- 
ing the  Bay  of  Biscay,  but  righting  again, 
her  crew  were  fortunate  enough  to  get  her 
safely  into  Bristol  with  the  loss  of  bul- 
warks, boats,  and  a  few  spars.  He  next 
joined  the  Asia,  eighty-four  guns,  in  1836, 
.and  proceeded  to  the  Mediterranean,  and 
after  serving  a  short  time  in  the  Blazer  steam 
vessel,  returned  to  England  in  the  Barham, 
fifty  guns,  and  was  paid  off  at  Sheerness  in 
January,  1839.  In  April,  1839,  he  joined 
the  Terror,  under  Captain  F.  R.  M.  Crozier, 
her  consort,  the  Erebus,  being  under  the 
charge  of  Captain  James  Clark  Ross.  After 
spending  a  winter  at  Desolation  Island 
(Kerguelans  Land),  these  vessels  reached 
Hobartown,  Van  Diem  en's  Land,  in  August, 
1840.  It  being  necessary  to  have  magnetic 
observations  taken  at  that  place  in  connection 


with  those  established  by  the  various  foreign 
governments  all  over  the  world,  an  observa- 
tory was  erected  at  the  expense  of  the  Admi- 
ralty, and  Lieutenant  Jos.  Kay  was  placed 
in  charge,  Captain  Scott  being  first  assist- 
ant, and  placed  under  the  orders  of  Sir 
John  Franklin,  who  was  then  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Tasmania.  Captain  Scott, 
having  some  knowledge  of  naval  architec- 
ture, built  a  yacht  for  the  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor, of  about  180  tons,  and  two  gunboats 
of  about  100  tons  each,  for  the  defence  of 
the  colony.  He  was  relieved  at  the  observa- 
tory by  Lieutenant  Smith  in  the  autumn  of 

1844,  and  returned   to   England  in  May, 

1845,  only  a  few  days  too  late  to  join  the 
Erebus,  of  the  Arctic  expedition,  as  second 
lieutenant,  under  the  command  of  his  old 
friend,  Sir  John  Franklin.    In  August,  1845, 
he  was  appointed  to   the  Columbia  steam 
vessel,  Captain  W.  Owen,  who  was  then  sur- 
veying the  Bay   of  Fundy.     In  1848  the 
Columbia  was  paid  off  at  Chatham,  Kent, 
England.     Captain  Scott  then  joined  the 
coast   guard  for  six  months,  and  in  May, 
1849,  was  reappointed  to  the  Columbia,  un- 
der Commander  Shorltand,  R.N.,  as  assist- 
ant surveyor,  to  continue  the  North  Ameri- 
can survey.     In    1857   the    Columbia  was 
condemned  and  sold  out  of  the  service,  and 
the  survey  was  continued  in  hired  vessels. 
In  January,  1862,  Mr.  Scott  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  commander,  and  in  1865,  011 
Captain  Shortland  retiring  from  the  com- 
mand, he  assumed  the  charge  of  the  survey, 
and  returned  to  England  in  May,  1866.    In 
September  of  that  year  he  retired  with  the 
rank  of  captain,  and  in  April,  1869,  having 
been  invited  to   return  to  Canada,  he  took 
command  of  the  Dominion  steamship  Druid, 
then  employed  protecting  the  fisheries.     In 
the  spring  of  1870,  he  removed  to  the  gov- 
ernment steamship,  Lady  Head,  and  took 
charge  of  the  vessels  employed  in  the  fish- 
eries protection  service.  In  1871,  in  addition 
to  the  above  duties,  he  was  appointed  chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  Masters 
and  Mates  for  Canada,  which  office  he  still 
holds.     In  November,  1879,  Captain  Scott 
was   directed  to   proceed   to  England,   to 
bring  out  the  corvette  Charybdis,  of  about 
2,000  tons,  to  be  employed  as  a  training 
ship.     As  the  vessel  could  not  be  got  ready 
until  late  in  the  winter,  Captain  Scott  con- 
cluded to  lay  her  up  and  return  for  her  in 
the   following  spring.     In   May,  1880,  he 
sailed  her  across  the  Atlantic,  and  moored 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


701 


her  in  St.  John,  in  July  of  the  same  year. 
In  February,  1886,  on  the  United  States 
government  giving  notice  that  the  fishery 
clauses  of  the  Treaty  of  Washington  had  ter- 
minated, Canada  fitted  out  a  small  squadron 
to  protect  her  fisheries;  and  Captain  Scott 
again  assumed  the  command,  embarking 
on  the  government  steamer  Lansdowne,  with 
two  guns  and  thirty-three  men.  In  August 
he  took  command  of  the  government  steamer 
Acadia,  with  one  gun  and  thirty-three  men, 
and  is  still  in  the  service  of  the  Canadian 
government.  In  March,  1847,  he  married 
M.  A.  Hobbs,  daughter  of  George  Hobbs, 
a  merchant  in  Eastport,  Maine,  United 
States. 

L,a  Rocque,  Rev.  Paul  S.,  St.  Hya- 
cinthe,  Canon  and  Kector  of  St.  Hyacinthe 
Cathedral,  Doctor  of  Theology  and  Canon 
Law,  was  born  at  St.  Marie  de  Monnoir, 
province  of  Quebec,  on  the  28th  October, 
1846.  His  father  was  Albert  La  Rocque, 
and  mother,  Genevieve  Daigneault.  His 
brother,  the  Rev.  Charles  La  Rocque,  is 
chaplain  of  the  Good  Shepherd  Convent,  at 
Montreal  ;  and  the  Right  Rev.  Joseph  La 
Rocque,  and  the  Right  Rev.  Charles  La 
Rocque,  the  first  and  second  bishops  of  St. 
Hyacinthe,  were  his  cousins.  The  Rev. 
Father  La  Rocque  received  his  education  at 
St.  Theresa  and  St.  Hyacinthe  Colleges. 
He  was  ordaianed  a  priest  on  the  9th  May, 
1869,  and  from  that  time  until  1880,  was 
a  missionary  in  Florida,  United  States. 
Without  any  official  connection  during 
his  stay  at  Key  West  he  acted  as  chap- 
lain to  the  United  States  troops  stationed 
there.  He  then  returned  to  St.  Hyacinthe, 
and  the  following  year,  1881,  he  went  to 
Rome,  and  pursued  his  studies  in  the  Gre- 
gorian and  the  Appolinaire  Universities.  He 
remained  in  the  Eternal  City  for  two  years 
and  a  half,  and  then  made  a  tour  of  the 
principal  cities  of  Europe.  He  also  travel- 
led to  the  Holy  Land,  and  visited  Jerusalem, 
Nazareth,  etc.  This  journey  was  under- 
taken with  the  view  of  gaming  all  the  in- 
formation possible  with  regard  to  Bible  his- 
tory, and  to  put  him  in  a  position  to  com- 
municate the  most  accurate  information  to 
his  flock,  with  regard  to  that  far-off  country. 
As  a  linguist,  Rev.  Canon  La  Rocque  has 
few,  if  any,  equals  in  Canada,  being  able  to 
speak  five  different  languages.  He  is  a  great 
favorite  with  his  parishioners,  takes  a  deep 
interest  in  their  material  and  spiritual  af- 
fairs, and  is  very  kind  and  attentive  to  the 


sick  and  needy.  The  degree  of  doctor  of 
theology  and  canon  law  was  conferred  upon 
him  at  Rome. 

Bowell,  Hon.  Mackenzie,  Minis- 
ter of  Customs  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
M.P.  for  North  Hastings,  Ontario,  was  born 
at  Rickinghall,  Suffolk,  England,  on  the 
27th  December,  1823,  and  when  about  ten 
years  of  age  accompanied  his  parents  to 
Canada.  Mr.  Bowell,  in  early  youth,  ex- 
hibited much  courage  and  enterprise,  and 
one  is  not  surprised  to  see  what  he  has 
achieved  when  looking  back  at  his  career. 
He  had  a  quick  eye  for  business,  and 
was  seldom  astray  in  judging  what  sort  of 
enterprise  was  profitable,  and  what  had  bet- 
ter be  avoided.  He  had  also  a  military 
enthusiasm,  and  assisted  in  1857,  in  raising 
and  organizing  a  rifle  company  of  sixty-five 
men,  in  what  was  known  at  that  time  as 
class  B,  to  which  no  assistance  was  given 
by  the  government,  beyond  furnishing  the 
rifles.  He  served  on  the  frontier  in  the 
winter  of  1864-5,  during  the  American  re- 
bellion, and  again  during  the  Fenian  trou- 
bles of  1866.  He  entered  a  printing  office 
as  an  apprentice  in  1834,  and  during  his 
whole  life  up  to  the  time  when  heavy  politi- 
cal responsibilities  fell  upon  his  shoulders, 
he  was  connected  with  the  newspaper  press 
of  Canada.  He  was  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  Belleville  Daily  and  Weekly  Intelli- 
gencer newspaper  for  a  number  of  years, 
and  at  one  time  president  of  the  Dominion 
Editors  and  Reporters'  Association.  In 
education  he  has  taken  considerable  inter- 
est, as  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  he  held 
for  eleven  years  the  chairmanship  of  the 
Board  of  School  Trustees,  of  Belleville. 
He  has  always  been  a  prominent  Orange- 
man, and  was  for  eight  years  grand  master 
of  the  Provincial  Orange  Grand  Lodge  of 
Ontario  East,  which  position  he  resigned, 
when  in  1870  he  was  elected  most  worship- 
ful grand  master  and  sovereign  of  the  Or- 
ange Association  of  British  America.  This 
office  he  continued  to  hold  until  he  resigned 
in  June,  1878.  He  was  likewise  president 
of  the  Triennial  Council  of  Orangeism  of 
the  world,  having  been  elected  to  that  posi- 
tion at  the  council  held  in  Derry,  Ireland, 
in  1876.  From  Mr.  Bo  well's  connection 
with  important  public  enterprises  is  gather- 
ed his  connection  with  industrial  and  com- 
mercial movements.  He  was,  for  many 
years,  president  of  the  West  Hastings  Agri- 
cultural Society,  and  vice-president  of  the 


702 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Agricultural  and  Arts  Association  of  On- 
tario ;  president  of  the  Hastings  Mutual  Fire 
Insurance  Company,  the  Farren  Manu- 
facturing Company,  and  the  Dominion 
Safe-Gas  Company,  and  president  of  the 
Belleville  and  North  Hastings  Railway  ; 
and  was  captain  of  No.  1  company  of  the 
15th  battalion  while  on  service  during 
the  Fenian  troubles,  and  subsequently 
major  in  the  49th  battalion  of  Volunteer 
Bines.  In  1863  Mr.  Bowell  contested  the 
north  riding  of  the  county  of  Hastings 
for  parliamentary  honors,  as  the  nominee 
of  the  Conservative  convention,  but  refusing 
to  join  in  the  cries  against  the  incorpora- 
tion of  Roman  Catholic  institutions,  and 
what  was  then  termed  French  domination, 
which  were  made  test  questions  at  the 
time,  he  was  defeated.  In  1867  he  again 
presented  himself  to  the  electors  of  North 
Hastings,  and  having  stated  his  views  with 
that  calm  reasonableness  which  has  always 
characterized  his  utterances,  he  was  elected. 
He  entered  parliament  therefore  at  con- 
federation, but  took  no  very  prominent  part 
in  the  debates  of  the  house  for  the  first  two 
or  three  years.  His  first  success  in  parlia- 
ment was  in  his  criticism  of  a  measure  in- 
troduced by  the  late  Sir  George  E.  Cartier, 
then  minister  of  militia,  for  the  purpose  of 
reorganizing  the  militia  force  of  Canada. 
Upon  this  occasion  his  practical  experience 
and  knowledge  of  the  requirements  of  the 
volunteer  force  had  its  effect  upon  the  house, 
and  he  succeeded  in  helping  to  defeat  the 
government  upon  the  details  of  the  bill 
three  times  during  one  sitting  of  the  house. 
Being  an  independent  thinker,  he  was  not 
always  in  accord  with  the  leaders  of  his 
party,  having  voted  against  them  upon 
many  important  measures,  notably  the 
Nova  Scotia  better  terms  resolutions,  and 
upon  the  motion  for  the  ratification  of  the 
Washington  treaty.  He  was  re-elected  in 
1872,  and,  consequently,  in  parliament,  when 
the  Macdonald  government  fell,  and  the 
Hon.  Alexander  Mackenzie  succeeded  to 
power.  It  was  in  opposition  that  Mr.  Bowell 
took  a  leading  part,  not  only  in  the  busi- 
ness of  the  house,  but  upon  the  most  im- 
portant committees.  He  inaugurated  and 
conducted  the  proceedings  in  the  House  of 
Commons  which  resulted  in  his  moving  the 
motion  for  the  expulsion  of  Louis  David 
Riel,  member  elect  for  Provencher,  Mani- 
toba, for  the  part  he,  Riel,  had  taken  in 
ordering  the  shooting  of  Scott,  a  prisoner 


of  his  during  the  revolt  in  Manitoba  in 
1879.  He  also  took  an  active  part  in  bring- 
ing before  the  house  the  question  of  the 
violation  of  the  provisions  of  the  Indepen- 
dence of  Parliament  Act,  by  its  speaker,  and 
by  a  number  of  its  members.  The  motion 
which  he  made  upon  this  question,  though 
defeated,  led  subsequently  to  the  resigna- 
tion of  Mr.  Speaker  Anglin,  one  member  of 
the  cabinet,  and  four  members  of  the  house. 
He  did  not  make  many  speeches,  but  when- 
ever he  spoke,  the  members  always  listened 
to  him,  for  he  had  gained  the  reputation  of 
being  a  man  who  had,  first,  something  to 
say,  and,  second,  a  reasonable  and  a  satis- 
factory way  of  saying  it.  He  has  been  suc- 
cessful at  every  election  since.  On  the  19th 
of  October,  1878,  upon  the  resumption  of 
power  by  the  Conservative  party,  Mr.  Bowell 
was  called  to  the  Privy  Council,  and  sworn 
in  minister  of  customs,  and  that  office  he 
still  holds.  The  member  for  North  Hastings 
is  level-headed,  and  possessed  of  a  sound 
judgment.  It  is  pleasing  sometimes  to  sit 
in  the  gallery  of  the  House  of  Commons 
and  watch  him  answer  questions  or  reply  to 
allegations  waged  against  the  administration 
of  his  department.  Under  no  circumstan- 
ces, nor  by  any  pressure  or  irritation,  can 
he  be  moved  to  haste  or  ill-temper;  but  he 
sits  there,  disregarding  feeling,  and  doing 
what  he 'considers  to  be  his  duty  as  a  minis- 
ter of  the  Crown.  Mr.  Bowell  married  in 
1847,  Harriet  Louise,  eldest  daughter  of 
the  late  Jacob  G.  Moore,  of  Belleville,  by 
whom  he  has  nine  children,  five  of  whom  are 
living. 

Ritchie,  Hon.  Robert  J. ,  Solicitor- 
General  of  the  Province  of  New  Brunswick, 
M.P.P.  for  the  county  of  St.  John,  was  born 
in  St.  John,  and  educated  in  the  city  of  his 
birth.  Having  studied  and  adopted  law 
as  a  profession,  he  was  called  to  the  bar 
on  the  16th  of  October,  1867.  Since  then 
he  has  worked  up  an  extensive  and  pros- 
perous practice.  He  has  for  many  years 
taken  a  great  interest  in  politics,  and  was 
first  nominated  for  a  seat  in  the  House 
of  Assembly  just  previous  to  the  general 
election  in  1878.  He  won  his  seat,  and  at 
once  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  debates 
in  the  house.  Having  offered  again  in  1882, 
he  was  a  second  time  successful.  Again,  at 
the  general  election  on  26th  April,  1886,  he 
scored  a  great  victory,  standing  second 
among  the  fortunate  candidates.  The  vote 
was,  Hon.  D.  McLellan,  2943;  R.  J.  Ritchie, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


703 


2570;  W.  A.  Quintin,  2531;  A.  A.  Stock- 
ton, 2531;  defeating  James  Kourke,  2188; 
J.  A.  Chesley,  1834;  G.  G.  Gilbert,  1645; 
John  Connor,  1468 ;  A.  T.  Armstrong,  1823. 
In  Nova  Scotia,  since  confederation,  the 
legal  affairs  of  the  local  administration 
have  been  attended  to  by  the  attorney- 
general  exclusively ;  but  in  New  Bruns- 
wick they  still  keep  up  the  office  of  solici- 
tor-general as  well.  The  talented  premier, 
Hon.  A.  G.  Blair,  took  the  position  of  attor- 
ney-general when  he  formed  his  cabinet  on 
the  3rd  March,  1883,  and  another  lawyer  of 
excellent  standing  being  wanted  to  com- 
plete the  personnel  of  the  cabinet,  the 
gentleman  who  forms  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  fitly  selected  as  the  best  man  for 
the  position  of  solicitor-general.  His  ap- 
pointment to  the  executive  council  necessi- 
tated his  again  going  to  the  country  and  he 
was  re-elected  by  acclamation.  As  a  mem- 
ber of  the  government,  he  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  all  the  measures  which  have 
been  presented  to  the  house,  and  has  ^ell 
sustained  his  prominent  position.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  duties,  as  an  active  and  leading 
politician,  Hon.  Mr.  Ritchie  is  connected 
with  several  of  the  local  corporations  of  St. 
John,  and  his  influence  is  felt  in  social  and 
professional  circles.  Although,  having  suf- 
fered great  losses  by  fire,  the  people  of  St. 
John  have  a  spirit  of  business  enterprise 
which  has  risen  superior  to  their  reverses. 
The  shipping  and  lumbering  business 
through  which  the  money  of  her  merchants 
was  chierly  accumulated  have  languished  of 
late  years,  and  no  compensating  trade  has 
sprung  up  to  take  their  place.  But  the 
manufacturing  activity  of  the  inhabitants 
has  proved  successful,  and  the  population  of 
the  city  has  not  declined.  The  yield  of  the 
fisheries,  ao  elsewhere  down  in  the  maritime 
provinces  during  the  summer  of  1887,  was 
enormous.  If  St.  John  is  favored  by  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company  as  re- 
gards making  it  a  winter  port,  the  outlook 
for  the  city's  future  is  good.  The  bar  of 
St.  John  is  rich  in  forensic  talent.  The 
head-quarters  of  the  legal  fraternity  centres 
in  Ritchie's  and  Palmer's  blocks.  The  near- 
ness of  the  lawyers'  quarters  to  one  another 
enables  the  members  of  the  bar  to  obtain 
counsel  and  intercommunication  which  is 
very  advantageous  and  helpful.  When  the 
whirligig  of  politics  brings  the  Liberals  into 
power  again  in  Dominion  affairs  there  is 
probably  no  man  in  the  opposition  camp 


whose  prospects  of  succeeding  to  a  position 
on  the  bench  are  better  than  those  of  Hon. 
R.  J.  Ritchie.  His  talents  peculiarly  fit 
him  for  the  position  of  one  of  Her  Majesty's 


UfcLelan,  Hon. Archibald  Wood- 
bury,  Postmaster-General  for  the  Domin- 
ion of  Canada,  M.P.  for  Colchester,  Nova 
Scotia,  was  born  at  Londonderry,  N.S.,  on 
the  24th  December,  1824.  He  is  descended 
from  a  family  that  emigrated  from  London- 
derry, Ireland,  during  the  last  century,  and 
settled  in  the  province  of  Nova  Scotia.  His 
father,  the  late  G.  W.  McLelan,  during 
his  lifetime  sat  for  a  long  period  of  years  in 
the  Nova  Scotia  legislature.  The  future 
postmaster-general  received  his  primary 
education  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
parish,  and  finished  his  classical  course  at 
Mount  Allison  Wesley  an  Academy.  In 
early  life,  he  engaged  in  a  mercantile  line 
of  life,  and  continued  in  it  for  a  consider- 
able term,  but  in  later  years  became  an 
extensive  ship-builder  and  ship-owner.  He 
began  to  take  an  interest  in  politics  when 
comparatively  a  young  man,  and  repre- 
sented Colchester  in  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly of  Nova  Scotia  from  1858  to  1863; 
then  North  Colchester  in  the  same  legisla- 
ture from  the  latter  year  up  to  confedera- 
tion; and  Colchester,  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, at  Ottawa,  until  called  to  the  Senate 
of  Canada  on  the  21st  June,  1869.  In  1881, 
he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  and  on 
an  appeal  to  his  old  friends  in  Colchester, 
they  returned  him  again  as  their  representa- 
tive in  the  House  of  Commons.  On  his  re- 
turn to  Ottawa,  he  was  sworn  in  a  member 
of  the  Privy  Council,  and  made  president  of 
the  council  on  the  20th  May  of  the  same 
year.  On  the  10th  July,  1882,  he  was  ap- 
pointed minister  of  marine  and  fisheries ;  on 
the  10th  December,  1885,  minister  of  finance; 
and  on  the  27th  January,  1887,  postmaster- 
general,  the  office  he  now  so  ably  fills. 
Hon.  Mr.  McLelan  is  a  director  of  the 
Cobequid  Marine  Insurance  Company.  In 
1869  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  commis- 
sioners for  the  construction  of  the  Interco- 
lonial Railway;  and  in  1883,  was  a  commis- 
sioner from  Canada  to  the  Intercolonial 
Fisheries  Exhibition  held  in  London.  As 
a  recognition  of  his  valuable  services  on 
this  occasion,  he  was  presented  with  a 
diploma  of  honor.  He  is  a  Conservative  in 
politics.  In  1854  he  was  married  to 
Caroline  Metzler,  of  Halifax. 


704 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Reesor,  Hon.  David,  Rosedale, 
Toronto.  Senator  of  the  Dominion  of  Can- 
ada, is  a  descendant  of  a  German  family. 
His  great-grandfather,  Christian  Reesor, 
who  was  a  Mennonite  minister,  emigrated 
from  Mannheim  to  Pennsylvania  about  1 737, 
having  under  his  charge  a  small  colony,  and 
settled  in  Lancaster  county,  where  some  of 
the  family  still  reside.  The  original  home- 
stead, a  splendid  farm  of  three  hundred 
acres,  is  still  in  their  possession.  .  The  first 
settlement  of  this  family  in  the  township  of 
Markham  took  place  as  early  in  its  history 
as  1801,  when  Christian  Reesor,  the  grand- 
father of  the  senator,  his  father,  Abraham 
Reesor,  together  with  three  uncles,  located 
in  that  section  of  the  country.  Here 
David  Reesor  was  born  on  the  18th  Jan- 
uary, 1823.  His,  mother  Anna  Dettiwiler, 
was  also  from  Lancaster  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania. She  died  in  Markham  in  1857,  her 
husband  having  died  in  1832.  The  early 
education  of  Senator  Reesor  was  obtained 
in  the  common  school  of  the  township, 
but  previous  to  his  being  put  to  any  work 
he  received  three  years  private  tuition 
from  a  competent  instructor,  which  helped 
him  considerably.  His  father's  farm  was 
the  first  stage  on  which  he  enacted  his  part 
in  the  drama  of  life  ;  then  he  became  a 
merchant  and  manufacturer,  and  continued 
business  in  these  lines  for  five  years.  In 
1856  he  published  the  first  copy  of  the 
Markham  Economist,  a  journal  of  strong 
Reform  proclivities,  which  he  edited  and 
conducted  with  considerable  skill  for  several 
years,  and  sold  the  business  out  about  1868. 
He  has  been  a  magistrate  since  1848, 
a  notary  public  since  1862,  and  for  a  long 
time  was  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the 
Markham  Agricultural  Society.  When  the 
counties  of  York,  Ontario  and  Peel  were 
united  in  1850,  he  became  a  member  of 
the  county  council  and  served  several  years, 
being  warden  in  1860.  His  career  as  a 
school  trustee  will  not  soon  be  forgotten,  as 
it  was  chiefly  through  his  exertions  that 
Markam  secured  a  grammar  school.  He 
has  long  been  connected  with  the  mili- 
tia, and  has  held  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  reserve  since  1866.  He 
was  appointed  returning  officer  for  the 
East  Riding  of  York,  July,  1854.  In  the 
more  extensive  region  of  politics  Senator 
Reesor  has  not  been  less  true  to  his  princi- 
ples, or  less  active  as  a  general  advocate  of 
measures  that  tend  to  the  public  good, 
than  when  in  the  limited  sphere  of  town- 
ship councillor  he  supported  and  directed 
local  improvements.  He  represented  King's 


division  in  the  Legislative  Council  of  Canada 
from  1860  until  the  confederation  of  the 
provinces,  when  he  was  called  to  the 
Senate  by  royal  proclamation,  October  23, 
1867.  At  the  time  when  the  confedaration 
scheme  was  under  discussion  in  the  Legis- 
lative Council,  he  moved  a  resolution,  which, 
had  it  been  passed,  would  have  made  the 
office  of  senator  elective  ;  but  it  was  defeated 
on  a  division.  He  is  a  Liberal  in  politics. 
Senator  Reesor  is  a  member  of  the  Metho- 
dist church,  and  every  good  cause  obtains 
from  him  a  hearty  and  willing  support. 
He  was  for  many  years  president  of  the 
Markham  Bible  Society.  In  February, 
1848,  he  married  Emily,  eldest  daughter  of 
Daniel  McDougall,  of  St.  Marys,  Ontario, 
and  sister  of  Hon.  William  McDougall,  C.B. 
They  have  five  children,  four  daughters 
and  one  son,  two  of  the  former  being  mar- 
ried. Marion  Augusta,  the  eldest  daughter, 
is  the  wife  of  Dr.  Colburn,  of  Oshawa,  and 
Jessie  Adelaide,  the  wife  of  John  Holmes, 
of  Toronto. 

Read,  Rev.  Philip  €he§§liyre, 
M.A.,  Professor  of  Classics,  Bishop's  Col- 
lege, Lennoxville,  Quebec  province,  was 
born  on  the  4th  March,  1850,  at  Woodend, 
Hyde,  Cheshire,  England.  His  father,  Rev. 
Alexander  Read,  B.A.,  late  scholar  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  was  a  descendant  of 
an  old  Scotch  family  from  Ayrshire,  who 
settled  in  North  of  Ireland,  in  1600.  His 
mother,  Anne  Whiteway,  is  descended  from 
a  Devonshire  family  from  Kingsteignton 
and  Whiteway,  and  was  a  daughter  of  Philip 
Whiteway,  J.P.,  of  Runcorn,  Cheshire,  and 
Anne  Chesshyre,  of  Rock  Savage,  his  wife. 
Professor  Read  received  his  education  in 
Manchester  Grammar  School  from  1861  to 
1867 — being  captain  of  the  school  in  1866. 
He  then  attended  Lincoln  College,  Oxford, 
where  he  secured  a  brilliant  record,  and  in 
1872  was  assistant  lecturer  in  the  college. 
In  1873  he  was  ordained  by  his  lordship  the 
Bishop  of  Salisbury.  In  1872  he  was  ap- 
pointed assistant  master  at  Marlborough 
College  ;  in  1874,  secretary  of  the  Church 
Council  and  examiner  of  schools  under  gov- 
ernment in  Barbadoes;  in  1876,  head  master 
of  the  school  at  Newton,  Lancashire  ;  in 
1877,  rector  of  Bishop's  College,  Lennox- 
ville ;  in  1 882,  professor  of  Classics  and 
Philosophy  in  Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville ; 
and  in  1887  examiner  to  the  Medical  Board 
of  the  province  of  Quebec.  In  early  life  Pro- 
fessor Read  began  to  take  an  interest  in  the 
volunteer  movement,  and  was  sub-lieutenant 
in  the  Oxford  Rifle  Volunteers.  He  is  now 
captain  of  the  school  corps  at  Lennoxville. 


707 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


Ms  ta 


In  1886  and  1888  he  occupied  the  po- 
sition of  chaplain  in  the  Independent 
Order  of  Foresters.  He  has  travelled  a 
good  deal,  and  found  time  to  visit  the  West 
Indies,  Spain,  and  several  other  foreign 
countries.  In  religion  the  professor  belongs 
to  the  Episcopal  church,  and  holds  moder- 
ately broad  views.  On  the  28th  June,  1  879, 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Helen  Rosina, 
daughter  of  John  W.  McOallum,'of  Quebec, 
and  Annie  S.  Brown,  of  Halifax,  his  wife. 
Mrs.  Read  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  an  old 
Scotch  manufacturer  who  settled  in  Quebec 
shortly  after  the  conquest  of  Canada.  The 
fruit  of  the  above  union  has  been  two  prom- 
ising children,  Alexander  Cuthbert  Read, 
and  Philip  Austin  Ottley  Read. 

Sterling:,  Alexander  Addi§on, 
Fredericton,  N.  B.,  High  Sheriff  of  the 
county  of  York,  New  Brunswick,  was  born 
on  the  22nd  of  August,  1838,  at  St.  Marys, 
York  county.  He  is  the  third  son  of 
George  Henly  Sterling,  and  his  wife  Susan 
Elizabeth  McLean,  and  grandson  of  Captain 
John  Sterling  and  Captain  Archibald  Mc- 
Lean, who  were  both  loyalists  and  served 
in  the  war  of  the  American  revolution,  but 
eventually  settled  in  New  Brunswick.  He 
was  brought  up  on  his  father's  farm  at  St. 
Marys,  and  commenced  his  education  at 
the  local  school,  finishing  his  course  of  study 
at  the  Fredericton  Grammar  School.  He 
has  been  engaged  in  farming  and  mercantile 
pursuits  all  his  life,  commencing  his  com- 
mercial career  as  clerk  in  a  store  at  Frede- 
ricton, in  1852,  where  he  remained  until 
1856.  In  1857  he  removed  to  Toronto, 
Ontario,  being  employed  by  Paterson  & 
Sons,  hardware  merchants  of  that  city.  Re- 
linquishing this  position  in  1858,  he  re- 
turned to  New  Brunswick,  and  commenced 
farming  at  Maugerville,  Sunbury  county, 
in  partnership  with  his  brother,  the  late 
George  A.  Sterling  (who  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Provincial  legislature  for 
the  county  of  Sunbury,  at  the  general  elec- 
tion of  1882,  but  who  died  in  October, 
1883.)  From  -1864  to  1867  he  represented 
the  parish  of  Maugerville  in  the  municipal 
council  of  the  county  of  Sunbury,  but  dur- 
ing the  latter  year  he  removed  to  Frederic- 
ton,  where  he  opened  a  general  store,  which 
was  carried  on  for  fifteen  years,  and  in  the 
year  1883  this  was  merged  into  a  wholesale 
flour  business,  in  which  trade  he  is  now 
successfully  employed.  He  was  married  on 
the  12th  of  August,  1869,  to  Sarah  Haws, 
daughter  of  John  Haws,  ship-builder,  of 
Portland,  St.  John,  N.  B.,  and  there  have 
been  six  children  issue  of  this  marriage. 
KR 


Living  in  the  cathedral  city  of  his  province 
he  is  a  staunch  member  of  the  Episcopal 
church.  He  has  been  an  energetic  worker 
in  the  educational,  parochial  and  municipal 
affairs,  having  been  appointed  a  member  of  , 
the  Board  of  School  Trustees  for  the  city  of; 
Fredericton,  in  1875,  and  also  high  sheriff 
for  the  county  of  York,  in  1883,  both  01 
which  offices  he  now  holds.  For  a  number 
of  years  he  was  connected  with  the  tem- 
perance movement,  and  was  an  active 
member  of  the  Order  of  the  Sons  of  Tem- 
perance, and  held  the  office  of  grand  worthy 
patriarch  for  the  province  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, in  1876. 

Torey,  Edgar  J.,  formerly  Principal 
of  the  Hants  County  Academy  at  Windsor, 
N.  S.,  is  a  native  of  Guysborough,  N.  S., 
where  he  was  born  about  twenty- seven  years 
ago.  He  attended  the  grammar  school  in 
his  native  town  and  studied  with  such  dili- 
gence that  at  a  very  early  age  he  passed  th« 
examination  held  under  the  Council  of  Pub- 
lic Instruction  for  grade  B,  or  first-class 
male  teacher's  diploma.  He  began  to  teach 
at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  has  since,  with 
intervals  of  study,  pursued  that  employment. 
He  has  taught  in  Amherst  town,  Hantsport, 
Hants  Co.,  and  in  various  other  important 
schools  in  the  province.  Feeling  the  need  of 
a  thorough  classical  education,  Mr.  Torey 
availed  himself  of  the  advantages  offered  to 
gentlemen  in  the  teaching  profession  by 
Dalhousie  College,  Halifax,  N.  S.  He,  like 
many  other  teachers,  taught  during  the 
summer  months  and  attended  lectures  in 
Dalhousie  during  the  winter  term,  lasting 
from  November  to  April.  Pursuing  this 
course  for  some  years  with  success  he  took 
h is  degree  of  B.  A.  in  1882.  He  then  took 
charge  of  the  Victoria  County  Academy  for 
one  year,  at  the  end  of  which  period  he  re- 
signed the  principalship  to  accept  a  similar 
position  in  Guysborough,  and  won  the  en- 
comiums of  all  with  whom  he  came  into 
contact,  for  careful  and  thorough  teaching. 
In  October,  in  the  year  1884,  the  position 
of  Principal  in  the  Hants  County  Acade- 
my at  Windsor,  worth  $850  a  year,  falling 
vacant,  Mr.  Torey  applied  for  the  situation 
and  was  selected  from  among  a  number  of 
other  applicants.  The  public  schools  were 
established  in  Windsor  in  the  autumn  of 
1866,  and  now  number  eight  departments. 
The  position  of  Principal  has  been  held  by 
such  educationists  as  S.  S.  Fisk  ;  James  For- 
rest, M.  A.;  J.  L.  Brown  ;  Dr.  Emdon  Fritz  ; 
John  F.  Godfrey,  B.A.,  and  H.  Elliott. 
The  schools  are  thoroughly  graded  from  the 
primary  department  and  kindergarten  up  to 


704 


CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


•>uncilo 


the  academy,  which  draws  a  special  govern- 
ment allowance.  A  three  years'  course  is 
followed  in  the  academy,  embracing  the 
classics  and  French,  physics  and  the  higher 
mathematics,  and  chemistry.  The  Principal, 
in  addition  to  his  labors  in  these  branches 
and  in  preparing  students  for  the  matricula- 
tion examinations  at  the  various  provincial 
colleges,  has  a  great  deal  of  work  to  do  in 
preparing  and  discussing  questions  for  ex- 
amination in  the  grading  of  all  the  schools. 
He  also  has  a  general  supervision  of  the 
schools.  The  school  is  periodically  visited 
by  the  county  inspector,  C.  W.  Roscoe,  an 
experienced  teacher,  and  also  by  Dr.  David 
Allison,  superintendent  of  education.  Mr. 
Torey  conducted  the  school  with  much  suc- 
cess, and  has  fitted  several  students  for  col- 
lege. After  holding  the  position  of  Princi- 
pal for  three  years  he  decided  to  adopt  the 
profusion  of  medicine  as  a  permanent  em- 
ployment. His  pupils  heard  of  his  approach- 
ing resignation  with  regret,  and  presented 
him  with  a  valuable  and  handsome  gold- 
headed  cane,  accompanied  with  an  address. 
He  resigned  his  position  in  October,  1887, 
and  repaired  to  the  University  of  New  York, 
in  the  medical  department  of  which  he  is 
preparing  himself  for  his  life  work  in  the 
healing  profession.  He  has  the  advantage 
of  studying  in  one  of  the  best  equipped 
medical  colleges  in  America,  and  one  from 
which  have  graduated  some  of  our  best  pro- 
vincial medicos.  He  is  pursuing  his  studies 
with  great  success  arid  is  very  popular  among 
his  fellow-students. 

Blackadar,  Hugh  William,  Post- 
master of  the  City  of  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia, 
was  born  at  Halifax,  March  4th,  1843.  He 
is  son  of  Hugh  William  Blackadar,  pro- 
prietor and  publisher  of  the  Acadian  Re- 
corder, and  Sophia  Coleman.  Educated  un- 
der George  Munro  (now  millionaire  publish- 
er of  New  York),  then  rector  of  the  Free 
Church  Academy,  Halifax.  He  early  in  life 
took  an  active  part  in  the  conduct  of  the 
Acadian  Recorder,  and  on  the  death  of  his 
father,  J  une  13th,  1863,  assumed  the  man- 
agement of  that  journal,  which  he  enlarged 
from  a  weekly  to  a  tri-weekly,  and  subse- 
quently to  a  daily.  In  1864  Mr.  Blackadar 
joined  the  volunteers,  and  subsequently 
held  the  rank  of  lieutenant  in  the  third  bri- 
gade Halifax  artilery.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Halifax  Yacht  Club.  He  was  elected 
an  alderman  for  Ward  4  in  1867,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1870,  serving  altogether  six 
years.  Represented  the  city  of  Halifax  as 
co-delegate  with  Mayor  Stephen  Tobin  at  the 
railroad  convention  held  at  Portland,  Me., 


in  1868,  and  was  one  of  the  secretaries  ^ 
the  convention.  In  1869  ho  was  made  magis- 
trate for  the  city  and  county  of  Halifax  ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Halifax  Board  of  School 
Commissioners  for  five  years  from  the  recon- 
struction of  that  body  in  1868  ;  was  appoint- 
ed Queen's  printer  of  the  province  in  1869, 
and  held  that  position  under  the  Vail- An- 
nand  and  Hill  administrations  till  1875.  He 
was  appointed  postmaster  of  the  city  of  Hal- 
ifax Nov.  5th,  1874,  by  the  Dominion  gov- 
ernment, which  office  he  now  holds.  In 
religion  he  belongs  to  the  Baptist  denomi- 
nation. He  married,  May  29th,  1866, 
Rachel  Saxton,  of  Halifax. 

Plumb,  Hon.  Josiah  JBurr,  Speak- 
er of  the  Senate  of  Canada.  The  country 
lost,  by  the  sudden  death  of  Senator  Plumb, 
at  Niagara,  on  the  12th  of  March,  1888,  a 
gentleman  possessed  of  excellent  qualities 
as  a  man  and  as  a  politician.  He  was  born 
on  the  25th  March,  1816,  at  East  Haven, 
Connecticut,  United  States,  where  his  father, 
an  Episcopal  clergyman,  had  charge  of  a 
parish.  In  1845  he  came  to  Canada,  mar- 
ried a  daughter  of  the  late  Samuel  Street, 
and  took  up  his  residence  at  Niagara.  For 
many  years  he  lived  in  retirement,  ample 
means  rendering  it  unnecessary  that  he 
should  take  part  in  business,  and  it  was  not 
until  1874  that  he  turned  his  attention 
actively  to  politics.  At  that  time  Sir  John 
Macdonald  was  passing  through  \he  darkest 
period  of  his  political  career,  and  it  was 
more  out  of  a  chivalrous  regard  for  the 
fallen  leader  than  from  any  desire  to  achieve 
honors  for  himself  that  Mr.  Plumb  threw 
himself  into  the  fight.  In  parliament  and 
on  the  platform  he  was  a  most  effective 
worker.  He  never  for  a  moment  spared 
himself,  nor  did  he  despair  of  success, 
though  the  outlook  for  his  party  and  his 
leader  up  to  the  very  day  of  the  election  in 
1878  was  never  very  bright.  After  that 
victory  it  was  thought  the  indefatigable 
member  for  Niagara  would  receive  for  his 
services  some  recognition  ;  but  at  that  time 
this  was  not  to  be.  Mr.  Plumb  continued 
to  serve  as  a  follower,  and  even  consented  in 
1882  to  the  extinction,  under  the  Redistri- 
bution Act,  of  the  borough  for  which  he  sat. 
Having  thus  been  legislated  out  of  Niagara, 
he  ran  at  the  general  election  in  the  same 
year  for  North  Wellington  in  the  Conserva- 
tive interest ;  but  owing  in  part  to  the  late 
hour  at  which  he  accepted  the  candidature, 
and  in  part  to  the  personal  popularity  of  his 
opponent,  he  suffered  defeat.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  he  was  called  to  the  Senate.  As  a 
senator  he  certainly  made  his  mark.  He 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


707 


brought  to  his  task  in  that  body  a  ripe  par- 
liamentary experience,  a  well-stored  mind, 
and  great  fluency  of  speech.  So  highly  ap 
preciated  was  he  by  the  ministerialists  in 
the  Senate  and  by  the  government  that  on 
the  occasion  of  the  withdrawal  of  Sir  Alex- 
ander Campbell  from  the  government,  and 
pending  the  selection  of  a  successor,  he  was 
asked  to  take  charge  of  government  mea- 
sures in  that  chamber.  The  duty  imposed  up- 
on him,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  say,  was  per- 
formed most  acceptably.  Mr.  Plumb's 
elevation  to  the  speakership  of  the  Senate 
took  place  immediately  after  the  general 
election  of  1887.  His  wide  information, 
dignified  bearing,  and  fine  social  qualities 
made  him  a  model  president  of  the  Upper 
House.  Yet  he  has  departed,  as  he  might 
well  have  wished  to  do,  full  of  years  and 
honors.  [For  a  more  extended  record  of 
Mr.  Plumb's  career,  see  the  first  series  of 
this  work.] 

Peterson,  Peter  Alexander,  Civil 
Engineer,  Montreal,  member  of  the  Institu- 
tion of  Civil  Engineers,  member  of  the  Am- 
erican Society  Civil  Engineers,  and  member 
of  the  Council  Canadian  Society  Civil  Engi- 
neers, was  born  on  8th  November,  1839,  at 
Niagara  Falls,  province  of  Ontario.  He  is 
the  eldest  son  of  William  Lounsberry  Pet- 
erson and  Susan  Macmicking.  Both  his 
parents  were  descended  from  United  Em- 
pire loyalist  families  who  came  to  Canada 
on  the  conclusion  of  the  American  war, 
having  sacrificed  their  property  in  the  cause 
of  the  mother  country,  and  were  granted 
large  tracts  of  land  in  Upper  Canada.  His 
maternal  grandfather,  the  late  Major  John 
Macmicking,  descended  from  the  old  Scotch 
family  of  Macmicking,  of  Miltonise  and 
Killanbrougham,  in  the  county  of  Wigton, 
was  an  ultra  loyalist  of  the  old  Tory  school. 
He  fought  in  all  the  battles  of  1812  on  the 
Niagara  frontier,  and  was  wounded  at  Lun- 
dy's  Lane  and  Chippewa,  and  carried  two 
bullets  in  his  body  till  his  death  in  1863. 
He  was  out  again  in  1837,  on  the  Tory  side, 
raising  a  troop  of  cavalry  which  he  com- 
manded. Mr.  Peterson  was  educated  partly 
at  a  common  school  in  Stamford,  and  partly 
by  private  tuition,  preparatory  to  entering 
the  Toronto  University  in  the  engineering 
course.  He  was  articled,  in  1859,  to  Mr. 
Thomas  C.  Keefer,  C.M.G.,  member  of  the 
Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  and  remained 
with  him  as  a  student  and  assistant  till  May, 
1867,  during  which  time  he  was  engaged  up- 
on the  Hamilton  &  Port  Dover  Railway,  the 
Hamilton  waterworks,  a  survey  for  the  Geor- 
gian Bay  Canal  through  the  county  of  On- 


tario, and  upon  the  construction  of  several 
large  dams  upon  the  Grand  River  at  Paris 
and  Brantford,  besides  having  charge  of  the 
Toronto  office,    doing  a  general  consulting 
engineering  practice.     In  the  spring1  of  1867 
he  accepted  a  position  on  the  Great  Western 
Railway  of  Canada,  and  in  the  autumn  of 
the  same  year  was  offered  the  position  of  res- 
ident engineer  on  the  New  York,  Oswego 
and  Midland  Railway,  with  charge  from  Os- 
wego to   Oneida,    where   he   remained   till 
March,  1868,  when  he  was  offered  a  position 
on  the  Intercolonial  Railway  surveys.     He 
was   appointed  resident  on  construction  of 
this  rail  way  for  contract  number  15  at  Bath- 
urst,    where  he  remained  till  September, 
1872,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  posi- 
tion of  chief  engineer  of  the  Toronto  water- 
works, to  carry  out  the  scheme  recommended 
by  Messrs.  T.  C.  Keefer  and  E.  S.  Chesbor- 
ough,   the   consulting   engineers  for  these 
works.      In   September,   1875,    before    the 
water-works  were  completed,  Mr.  Peterson 
was  offered  by  the  DeBoucherville  govern- 
ment, who  had  undertaken  the  construction 
of  the  railways  from   Quebec  to  Montreal 
and  from  Montreal  to  Ottawa,  the  position 
of  chief  engineer  of  these  lines,  which  offer 
he  accepted,  arranging  with  the  Toronto  wa^. 
ter-works  commissioners  to  retain  charge  of 
the  works  till  their  completion,  and  with  the 
government  to  hold  the  two  positions  con- 
jointly.   Mr.  Peterson  removed  to  Montreal 
in  October,  1875,  but  retained  charge  of  the 
water-works  in  Toronto  till  the  end  of  1877, 
when  the  works  were  completed,  $2,000,000 
having  been   expended   upon    them.     Mr. 
Peterson  had  to   encounter  more  than  the 
usual  amount  of   criticism  during  the  early 
days  of  his  official  service  in  Toronto,  but 
after  the  election  of  January,  1874,  when 
his  principal  opponents  were  defeated,  the 
hostile   criticism   ceased,   and  the    general 
opinion  prevailed  that  he  had   carried  out 
the  duties  entrusted  to  him  in  a  faithful, 
efficient  and  satisfactory  manner.  His  career 
in  the  service  of  the  Quebec  government, 
terminated  in  September,    1881,   when  he 
resigned  to    accept  the   position   of    chief 
engineer  of  the  St.  Lawrence  bridge,  which 
was  about  to  be  built  bv  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  Company.     During  the  debate   in 
the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Quebec  on  the 
bill  to   authorize   the   construction   of  the 
haudiere   Bridge,  the  premier,   the  Hon. 
Mr.  Chapleau,  in  moving  the  second  read- 
ing of  the  measure,  asked  the  house  to  let 
t  go  through   without    opposition,    on  ac- 
count of  the  extreme  urgency  of  at  once  let- 
ing  the  contract.    The  government  had  had 


708 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


great  difficulty  in  making  a  choice  between 
the  three  lowest  bid  ders.     Each  of  the  con- 
tractors had  offered   advantages,  and  their 
offers  had  been  most  carefully  weighed  from 
every  point  of  view,  and  from  an  engineer- 
ing point  as  well,  and  Clarke,  Reeves  &  Co.'s 
had  been  found  the  most  advantageous.    In 
this  opinion  he  was  confirmed  by  Mr.  Peter- 
son, chief  engineer,  to  whose  character,  care- 
fulness and  skill  he   was  bound  to  testify 
most   fully  ;   and   that  his  opinion  of  Mr. 
Peterson's   engineering  reputation  was  fur- 
ther confirmed  by  the  fact  that  his  original 
estimates  for  the   cost  of  the  whole  bridge 
had  been  in  every  case  reduced  instead  of, 
as  is  usual  in  such  cases,  largely  exceeded. 
Hon.  Mr.  Joly  consented  most  willingly  to 
the  second  reading  of  the  bill,  and  compli- 
mented the  premier  on  his  frankness.     He 
alluded  to  the  current  rumor  of  favoritism 
in  awarding  the  contract  to  Clarke,  Reeves 
&  Co. ,  but  he  declined  to  entertain  the  idea 
that  the   government  was  actuated  by  any 
improper  motives  in  awarding  the  contract 
to  this  firm,  although  their  tender  was  not 
the  lowest.     He  then  instanced  the  excellent 
character  and   rapid   construction   of  their 
work,  and  the  special  advantages  they  were 
ready  to  afford  ;  and  said  he  had  every  con- 
fidence in  Mr.  Peterson,  and  endorsed  all 
the  Hon.  Mr.  Chapleau  had  said  respecting 
him.  Hon.  Mr.  Chapleau  then  thanked  Hon. 
Mr.    Joly,    and   promised  that  the  tenders 
would   be  submitted   at  once  to  the  house 
In  considering  the   letting   of  the  contract 
he  had,  most  fortunately,  had  a  professional 
adviser,   upon   whom    he   could   rely — Mr. 
Peterson  being,  in  fact,    the  strictest  and 
most  rigid  of  engineers.  Daring  his  engage- 
mentwith  the  Quebec  government,  he  served 
under   the  De   Boucherville,  the  Joly  and 
the    Chapleau  administrations,  and  gained 
the  good  will  and   confidence  of  them  all, 
no  party  ever  venturing  to  criticise  his  con- 
duct, which,  however,  was  furiously  assailed 
by  the  contractor  and  his  allies.     On  send- 
ing in  his  resignation  to  the  goverament  he 
was  asked  to  withdraw  it.     The  line  between 
Montreal  and  Quebec  was  to  be  completed 
in  October,  1877,  and   handed  over  to  the 
government,  but  the  contractor  refused  to 
give  it  up  and  continued  to  run  it  for  his  own 
benefit,  keeping  all  the  earnings.     Two  at- 
tempts were  made  to  take  possession  of  it, 
but  failed.     In  the   summer   of  1878,  Mr. 
Peterson  offered  to  take  possession  of  it  for 
for  the  government,  which   offer  being  ac- 
cepted, a  full  power  of  attorney  was  given 
him  to  act   for  the  Quebec  government  in 
the  matter.     The  late  Edward  Carter,  Q.C., 


was  engaged  with  him  for   a  considerable  \ 
ime  in  perfecting  the  case,  and  in  August,     i 
Mr.    Peterson,    with   the    Hon.    P.    J.    O.     ( 
Chauveau,  sheriff  of  Montreal,  took  posses- 
sion of  the  Montreal  district  against  a  large     * 
force  of  men  who  were  placed  in  charge  of  the 
Hochelaga   and  Mile   End   stations  by  the 
contractor,    and   alone   retained  possession 
against  heavy  odds  and  in  spite  of  an  injunc- 
tion obtained  by  the  contractor,  which  was 
served  upon  him  the  day  before  the  seizure, 
and  again  while  at  Mile  End  holding  a  train 
against  the  will  of  the  passengers  on  board  of 
it,  and  the  employees  of  the  late  contractor. 
He  held  the  stations  from  noon  till  10  p.m. , 
when  troops  were  obtained  from  the  Domin- 
ion  government  to  keep   what  had    been 
gained.     The   government  was  so  satisfied 
with  the  manner  in  which  Mr.  Peterson  ob- 
tained and  held  possession  of  the  railway, 
that  he  was  appointed  general  manager.  The 
contractor  attempted  through  the  courts,  as 
well  as  by  force  on  several  other  occasions,  to 
regain  possession  of  the  line,  but  was  defeat- 
ed at  every  point.     For  taking  possession  of 
the  railway   in  defiance  of  the  injunction, 
Mr.    Peterson   was   tried    for   contempt  of 
court  and   found  guilty,  but  was  only  re- 
quired to  give  bail  not  to  do  so  again.     Be- 
tween this  time  and  his   resignation,    Mr. 
Peterson  built  the  Chaudiere  bridge  over  the 
Ottawa  river,  just  above  the  Chaudiere  ra- 
pids.     He  also  strongly  advocated  the  east- 
ern entrance  of  the  Quebec,  Montreal,  Otta- 
wa &  Ontario  Railway  into  the  Quebec  gate 
barracks,  as  against  the  proposed  site  at  the 
Papineau  road,  which  had  been  commenced 
under  the  DeBoucherville  government;  and 
having  shewed   the  Joly  government  how 
cheaply  it  could  be  built,  got  it  adopted  by 
that  government,  and  carried  it  out  under 
the  Chapleau  government.     On  entering  the 
services  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  in 
connection  with  the  construction  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  bridge,  he  made  surveys  of  various 
sites,  and  among  them  that  recommended 
by  the  late  Col.  Roberts,  president  of  the 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,   near 
the  Lachine  Rapids  at   Heron  Island,    but 
finally   reported  in  favor  of  the  Caughna- 
waga  line,  which  was  adopted  in  the  winter 
of  1882  ;  but  nothing  was  done  till  the  au- 
tumn  of   1885,    when    contracts   were   let. 
This  work  was  successfully  carried  out  under 
Mr.  Peterson's  direction  during  the  summer 
of  1886,  and  in  addition   he    built   the   St. 
Anne's  and  Vaudreuil  bridges  over  the  Otta- 
wa river,  on  the  Ontario  and  Quebec  section 
of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway.     The  Sault 
Ste.  Marie  Bridge  was  built  during  the  sum- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


709 


mer  of  1887,  under  Mr.  Peterson's  direc- 
tion, for  the  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Bridge  Com- 
pany, which  is  composed  of  the  C.P.R  ,  the 
Duluth,  South  Shore  and  Atlantic  R'y,  and 
the  Minneapolis,  Sault  Ste.  Marie  and  At- 
lantic Railways.  Mr.  Peterson  is  now  engi- 
neer of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  in 
charge  of  the  lines  east  of  Port  Arthur. 

Costigan,  Hon.  John,  Ottawa,  Min- 
ister of  Inland  Revenue  for  the  Dominion 
of  Canada,  M.P.  for  Victoria,  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  at  St.  Nicholas,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  on  February  1st,  1835,  and 
received  a  sound  education  at  the  College  of 
St.  Anne's.  When  his  education  was  com- 
pleted, he  moved  to  New  Brunswick,  and 
thereafter  for  many  years  was  connected 
with  various  pursuits,  being  at  one  time 
registrar  of  deeds  for  Victoria  county,  and  a 
judge  of  the  Inferior  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
for  New  Brunswick.  At  a  very  early  age 
Mr.  Costigan  gave  evidence  of  the  solid  in- 
tellectual qualities  which  were  to  become 
so  conspicuous  in  after  years.  Above  all, 
those  who  watched  him  closely  perceived  an 
unvarying  persistency  in  any  course  which 
he  marked  out  for  himself.  Towards  1861 
several  of  the  leading  inhabitants  of  Victoria 
county  decided  that  they  would  ask  Mr. 
Costigan  to  offer  himself  as  a  candidate  for 
the  legislature,  and  he  consenting  to  do  so, 
was  elected,  and  sat  in  the  New  Brunswick 
Legislative  Assembly  until  1866,  when  on 
again  appealing  to  his  constituents  he  failed 
to  secure  his  re-election.  He  was  during 
that  period  regarded  as  one  of  the  ablest 
men  in  the  house,  both  sides  paying  great 
deference  to  his  opinions.  At  the  general 
election  after  confederation  he  was  returned 
to  the  House  of  Commons,  and  has  held  his 
seat  uninterruptedly  for  Victoria  county 
ever  since.  On  May  23rd,  1882,  he  was 
sworn  in  a  member  of  the  Privy  Council, 
and  made  minister  of  inland  revenue,  and 
still  occupies  that  position.  On  the  20th 
May,  1872,  Mr.  Costigan  moved  an  address 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  praying  his  Ex- 
cellency the  Governor-General  to  disallow 
the  New  Brunswick  School  Act,  on  the 
ground  "  that  said  law  is  unjust  and  causes 
much  uneasiness  among  the  Roman  Catholic 
population."  Some  time  before  the  intro- 
duction of  Mr.  Costigan's  resolutions,  per- 
sons had  gone  up  and  down  through  New 
Brunswick  declaring  that  the  province  must 
have  a  system  of  free,  non-sectarian  public 
schools,  and  children  of  every  denomination 
must  attend  these  schools,  and  that  one  and 
all,  according  to  his  real  or  personal  pro- 
perty, would  be  taxed  to  maintain  the  edu- 


cational system.  So  far  this  was  good.  The 
province  had  for  many  years  previously 
made  liberal  grants  for  education,  but  the 
schools  were  under  denominational  control ; 
there  was  no  thorough  system  of  inspection  ; 
no  uniform  course  of  instruction,  and  sub- 
jects were  taught  on  the  old  fashioned  par- 
rot plan,  an  old  teacher  standing  behind  the 
educational  bulwark,  driving  education  home 
with  a  birch  rod.  Therefore  it  was  a  wise 
and  progressive  movement  that  some  one 
set  on  foot  to  reduce  this  chaos  of  catechism 
and  birch,  and  arithmetic  and  letters,  into 
one  harmonious,  efficient  and  enlightened 
system.  The  new  idea  carried  the  province  by 
storm,  and  then  there  was  appointed  a  chief 
snperintendent  of  education.  To  this  gen- 
tleman was  assigned  the  task  of  drawing  up 
an  educational  chart,  outlining  courses  of  in- 
struction, and  prescribing  texts.  He  had 
just  the  qualifications  needed  to  carry  out 
the  will  of  the  narrow  politicians  with  re- 
spect to  education  and  the  Roman  Catho- 
lics, and  so  rancorously  was  he  disposed  to- 
wards Catholicism  that,  it  is  averred,  when 
writing  a  letter,  he  carried  his  hatred  so  far 
as  to  avoid  crossing  his  t's.  He  imagined 
that  all  priests  and  lay  brothers  were  bad 
men,  and  all  nuns  wicked  women,  not  fit  in 
character  or  garb  to  teach  in  the  public 
schools,  therefore  he  drew  up  a  regulation 
making  it  unlawful  for  any  teacher  employed 
in  the  public  schools  to  wear  any  badge, 
garb  or  emblem  distinctive  of  any  denomi- 
national sect  or  order.  This,  of  course,  ex- 
cluded nuns,  lay  brothers,  and  people  of  a 
like  ecclesiastical  fashion,  and  the  liberal 
and  high-minded  proviso  was  characterized 
as  "the  government's  infamous  millinery 
regulation."  Holy  Church  had  no  cause  for 
panic  when  the  idea  of  free,  non-sectarian 
schools  was  at  first  broached,  although  it 
fidgetted  and  fretted  itself  almost  out  of  its 
vestments  ;  now  it  had  a  genuine  grievance. 
It  was  when  this  narrow  regulation  had 
been  put  upon  the  statute-book  that  Mr. 
Costigan,  a  Roman  Catholic,  raised  his  voice 
in  the  H  >use  of  Commons  and  besought 
parliament  to  interpose  its  hand  in  justice 
to  the  minority  in  his  province.  He  was 
ably  seconded  by  the  Hon.  Timothy  War- 
ren Anglin,  who  pleaded  until  he  became 
pathetic  for  justice  to  his  co-religionists. 
Mr.  Anglin's  newspaper,  the  Freeman,  week 
after  week,  was  laden  with  complainings 
against  the  injustice  of  the  New  Brunswick 
legislature.  It  declared  it  was  the  duty  of 
Sir  John  A.  Macdonald's  government  to 
interfere  its  authority  and  maintain  right. 
Then  Sir  John  fell  under  his  Pacific  scandal 


710 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


load,  and  the  Reformers  returned  to  power, 
bringing  with  them  Mr.  Anglin,  whom  they 
put  in  the  speaker's  chair.  During  the  first 
session  of  the  new  parliament,  Mr.  Costigan 
again  arose  and  moved  his  resolution,  which 
ended  in  these  words  :  ' '  That  the  govern- 
ment should  advise  his  Excellency  to  dis- 
allow the  Act  passed  by  the  New1  Bruns- 
wick legislature."  In  this  case  Mr.  Speaker 
Anglin 's  support  ended  with  putting  the 
resolution.  The  whole  country  knew  how 
he  had  the  Roman  Catholic  interests  at 
heart,  but  it  was  inexpedient  now  to 
press  the  matter — inexpedient  of  course  to 
embarrass  his  government,  though  this  was 
the  very  course  that  his  great  store  of  wis- 
dom had  suggested  when  Sir  John  was  in 
office.  So  Mr.  Costigan  had  to  fight  the  bat- 
tle alone.  To  dispose  of  the  matter,  the 
governor-general  did  not  disallow  the  New 
Brunswick  School  Act,  and  it  would  have 
been  a  constitutional  crime  had  he  done  so. 
Nor  did  Mr.  Costigan  desire  the  repeal  of 
such  portions  of  the  law  as  were  just  ;  he 
merely  sought  to  remove  the  intolerance  and 
bigotry  that  disgraced  the  Act  in  the  "  mil- 
linery regulations."  Although  the  Act  was 
not  repealed,  Mr.  Costigan's  exertions  were 
not  without  fruit,  for  Dr.  Rand's  anti- 
Catholic  provision  was  expunged,  and  the 
doctor  himself,  as  political  decency  in  New 
Brunswick  increased,  began  to  totter  in  his 
chair.  At  last  Mr.  Blair  asked  him  to  re- 
sign, and  he  is  now  back  in  the  province, 
where  we  hope  a  career  of  usefulness  shall 
always  be  open  to  him.  Mr.  Costigan's 
other  great  act  in  parliament  was  the  sub- 
mission, in  1882,  of  "  The  Costigan  Irish 
resolution,"  praying  that  Her  Majesty  might 
grant  Home  Rule  government  to  Ireland  on 
the  self-government  colonial  plan,  likewise 
praying  for  the  relief  of  "suspects,"  and 
asking  other  ameliorations.  In  so  far  as 
these  resolutions  addressed  themselves  to 
the  question  of  Home  Rule  for  Ireland,  his- 
tory shall  always  applaud  their  author,  for 
he  was  only  asking  for  a  country,  dear  to 
him  by  ties  of  race,  a  political  condition,  the 
success  of  which  he  has  tested.  But  it  was 
a  pity,  a  sad  pity,  that  he,  and  parliament 
behind  him,  should  have  so  far  forgotten 
themselves  as  to  advise  another  country  as 
to  what  she  should  do  to  offenders  against 
her  own  laws.  Mr.  Costigan's  career  has 
been  a  very  able  one.  He  is  a  clear-headed, 
firm -handed  administrator,  and  has  his  de- 
partment thoroughly  under  control.  His 
admirers  a  few  years  ago  presented  him  with 
a^splendid  residence  in  Ottawa.  Mr.  Costigan 
in  politics  is  a  Conservative,  and  in  religion 


a  Roman  Catholic.  He  married,  in  1855, 
Harriet,  daughter  of  John  Ryan,  of  Grand 
Falls,  New  Brunswick. 

Barnard,  Edmund,  Advocate,  Mont- 
real, Quebec,  was  born  at  Three  Rivers,  on 
23rd  January,  1831.  He  is  a  son  of  Edward 
Barnard,  for  many  years  prothonotary  of 
Three  Rivers,  whose  family  was  originally 
from  Yorkshire,  England,  settled  at  an  early 
day  in  the  history  of  the  colonies,  at  Deer- 
field,  Mass.,  and  immigrated  thence  into 
Canada.  Mr.  Barnard  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  Colleges  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  Nico- 
let  and  Montreal,  and  took  his  degrees  of 
B.A.  and  M.A.  at  St.  John's  College,  Ford- 
ham,  N.Y.  He  studied  law  in  the  office  of 
Judge  Polette,  in  Three  Rivers  ;  also  with 
Sir  John  Rose  and  the  present  Mr.  Justice 
Monk,  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  on  the  23rd  of  October, 
1853.  Mr.  Barnard  is  known  as  one  of  the 
most  studious,  painstaking  and  successful 
lawyers  in  Montreal.  He  has  made  a  speci- 
alty of  certain  branches,  such  as  real  estate, 
French  law,  municipal  law,  and  law  of 
banks  and  corporations,  he  having  a  very 
extensive  clientele  in  those  several  depart- 
ments. He  often  visits  England  to  attend 
to  Canadian  cases  before  the  judicial  com- 
mittee of  the  Privy  Council.  A  fellow 
member  of  the  Montreal  bar  gives  Mr.  Bar- 
nard credit  for  having  a  very  keen  percep- 
tion of  the  old  French  law — second  to  that 
of  no  other  lawyer  in  the  province — for  be- 
ing a  very  indefatigable  worker  in  prepar- 
ing his  oases,  and  for  being  a  fluent  and 
strong  advocate,  equally  good  in  the  French 
and  English  languages.  In  1858  Mr.  Bar- 
nard was  married  to  Ellen  King,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  C.  L.  Austin,  recorder  of  the 
city  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  they  have  had  is- 
sue of  ten  children. 

JHoodie,  Mr§.  Su§anna,  was  the  sixth 
daughter  of  the  late  Thomas  Strickland, 
of  Reydon  Hall,  Suffolk,  England,  and  was 
born  on  the  6th  of  December,  1803.  This 
Strickland  family  was  certainly  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  known  in  England,  since 
the  famous  "Nest  of  Nightingales,"  five 
out  of  the  six  daughters  having  made  them- 
selves more  or  less  celebrated  in  the  realm 
of  letters.  At  the  age  of  thirteen,  Su- 
sanna Moodie  lost  her  father,  at  whose  hands 
she  had  received  her  education.  Mr.  Strick- 
land was  a  man  of  considerable  wealth, 
highly  cultured,  and  much  devoted  to  litera- 
ture, so  he  spent  much  of  his  means  upon 
his  library,  and  instilled  into  his  family  the 
same  love  for  belles  lettres  that  he  felt  him- 
self. Many  have  regretted  that  the  excel- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


711 


lent  man  did  not  live  to  see  the  fruition  of 
his  care.  Susanna,  it  is  said,  began  to  write 
when  in  her  sixteenth  year,  her  early  pro- 
ductions being  poems  and  tales  for  children. 
In  1829-30,  she  put  out  a  volume  entitled, 
" Enthusiasm,  and  other  Poems."  In  the 
same  year,  during  a  visit  to  London,  she 
met  Lieutenant  J.  W.  Dunbar  Moodie,  the 
foutth  son  of  the  late  James  Moodie,  of 
Melsetter,  Orkney  Jslands,  to  whom  she  was 
married  on  the  4th  of  April,  1831.  Lieu- 
tenant Moodie  belonged  to  the  21st  Fusi- 
liers, and  was  then  on  half  pay.  They  left 
England  in  the  following  year  for  Canada, 
settling  at  Cobourg  for  a  few  months,  thence 
proceeding  to  the  township  of  Hamilton, 
eight  miles  from  Cobourg,  where  they  took 
a  farm,  and  remained  a  year,  after  which 
they  permitted  themselves,  unwisely,  to 
be  persuaded  to  settle  in  the  backwoods, 
ten  miles  north  of  Peterborough.  This 
region  was  then  a  perfect  wilderness.  There 
was  no  church,  no  school,  no  refined  so- 
ciety, and  very  little  cleared  land  near 
where  they  took  up  their  abode.  Here, 
struggling  with  all  the  privations  belong- 
ing to  life  in  the  woods,  they  lived  for 
eight  years,  in  the  meantime  spending  all 
their  available  money  in  the  purchase  of 
wild  lands,  and  in  the  operation  of  the  farm, 
an  occupation  for  which  the  family,  gentle 
bred,  and  unaccustomed  and  unsuited  to 
labour,  were  singularly  unfit.  When,  in 
1837,  the  rebellion  broke  out,  Lieutenant 
Moodie,  who,  from  his  birth  and  military 
training  was  a  devoted  loyalist,  hastened 
away  to  Toronto,  leaving  his  wife  and  four 
little  children,  the  eldest  only  in  her  fifth 
year,  behind  him  in  the  bush.  The  summer 
following,  he  remained  absent,  and  much 
of  the  crops  were  lost,  because  t^re  was 
no  help  to  harvest  it.  All  this  Mrs.  Moodie 
vividly  and  feelingly  describes  in  her  de- 
lightful book,  "  Roughing  it  in  the  Bush." 
This  was  the  first  ambitious  literary  effort 
of  Mrs.  Moodie,  and  it  attracted  wide  at- 
tention. The  style  was  simple,  limpid  and 
picturesque  :  it  was  full  of  movement,  and 
contained  pen  portraits,  which  were  true  to 
the  life,  of  the  hardships  of  the  family's 
wilderness  life  ;  of  the  character  of  the 
neighbours  with  whom  she  was  thrown  in 
contact,  and  of  her  alternating  hopes  and 
disappointments.  When  the  book  came  out 
the  Canadians  who  were  pictured  in  it  were 
terribly  wroth,  and  probably  it  was  the  sex 
of  the  author  that  saved  her  from  maltreat- 
ment. But  she  never  once  exceeded  the 
bounds  of  truth  in  her  delineations,  and  in- 
variably pictured  the  good  traits  as  well  as 


the  bad  ones,  of  the  ordinary  Canadian  back- 
woods family.  The  book  was  brought  out  in 
England  in  1850,  but  the  greatest  portion  of 
its  contents  had  already  been  published  in 
the  Literary  Grarlaiid,  Montreal.  Encouraged 
by  the  success  of  this  book,  Mrs.  Moodie 
afterwards  brought  out  in  quick  succession, 
through  her  London  publishers,  the  Messrs. 
Bentley,  "Life  in  the  Clearings,"  "Flora 
Lindsay,"  "Mark  Hurdleston,"  "  The  World 
Before  them,"  "Matrimonial  Speculation,'' 
and  other  works  of  a  more  or  less  fictitious 
character.  It  may  be  said  here  that  after 
eight  years  of  travail  in  the  woods,  Mrs. 
Moodie  received  the  glad  tidings  that  her 
husband  had  been  appointed  sheriff  of  the 
county  of  Hastings.  In  a  late  edition  of 
"  Roughing  it  in  the  Bush,"  brought  out 
by  Hunter,  Rose  &  Co.,  Publishers,  of 
Toronto,  Mrs.  Moodie  writes  a  preface  re- 
counting the  social,  industrial,  educational 
and  moral  progress  of  Canada,  since  the 
time  of  her  landing.  After  Sheriff  Moodie 's 
death  at  Belleville,  in  1869,  Mrs.  Moodie 
made  her  home  in  Toronto  with  her  younger 
son,  R.  B.  Moodie  ;  but  on  his  removal 
to  a  new  residence  out  of  town,  she  re- 
mained with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  J.  J. 
Vickers,  and  passed  peacefully  away  on  the 
afternoon  of  April  8th,  1885,  surrounded 
by  her  children  and  grandchildren.  Her 
aged  sister,  Mrs.  Traill,  was  beside  her  at 
the  last.  Mrs.  Moodie's  often  expressed 
wish  to  be  laid  beside  her  beloved  husband 
at  Belleville,  where  the  happiest  part  of  her 
years  were  spent,  was  carried  out,  and  her 
remains  were  followed  to  their  last  resting- 
place,  close  to  the  beautiful  Bay  of  Quints', 
by  a  large  number  of  dear  friends. 

Me  .111 1  Ian,  John,  M.  !>.,  Pictou, 
Nova  Scotia,  was  born  in  London,  Ontario, 
18th  January,  1834.  His  parents  were  Wil- 
liam McMillan  and  Anne  McKenzie.  He  re- 
ceived his  early  education  at  the  schools  of 
his  native  place,  and  afterward  attended  Mc- 
Gill  University,  Montreal,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  May,  1857.  He  then  removed  to 
Nova  Scotia,  and  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Wallace,  Cumberland  county. 
After  remaining  there  for  some  time  he  re- 
moved to  Sherbrooke,  Guysborough  county, 
then  to  New  Glasgow,  and  finally  to  Pictou, 
Pictou  county,  where  for  the  last  thirteen 
years  he  practised,  and  has  succeeded  in 
building  up  a  good  business.  He  is  quaran- 
tine officer  for  the  port  of  Pictou.  He  belongs 
to  the  Masonic  order,  and  is  a  past  master  of 
Caledonia  lodge.  He  was  married  on  llth 
June,  1868,  to  Annie,  youngest  daughter  of 
the  late  Senator  Holmes,  of  Pictou,  N.  S. 


712 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Larocque,  Rt.  Reverend  Bi§liop 
Jo§eph,  was  born  at  St.  Joseph,  Chambly, 
the  28th  August,  1808,  of  one  of  the  most 
respectable  families  in  that  place,  and  from 
his  earliest  years  gave  evidence  of  unusual 
piety  and  talent.  It  was  no  doubt  owing  to 
this  fact  that  in  1821  he,  with  his  cousin 
Charles,  who  afterwards  succeeded  him  as 
bishop,  upon  the  recommendation  of  Mr. 
Mignault,  was  educated  at  the  expense  of 
Mr.  de  St.  Ours,  and  other  true  friends  of 
education,  at  the  College  of  St.  Hyacinthe, 
then  in  its  infancy.  Young  Joseph  La- 
rocque  was  a  model  scholar,  always  first  in 
his  studies,  and  practising  those  virtues 
which  distinguished  him  in  all  the  varied 
phases  of  his  after  life.  In  1829,  after  hav- 
ing terminated  a  very  brilliant  classical 
course,  he  entered  the  ecclesiastical  state, 
and  until  1847  we  find  him  working  zeal- 
ously to  conquer  all  difficulties  and  gain 
for  the  St.  Hyacinthe  Seminary  the  great 
renown  which  it  now  enjoys.  He  receiv- 
ed the  order  of  priesthood  at  the  hands  of 
his  Lordship  J.  J.  Lartigue,  on  the  15th  of 
March,  1835,  and  occupied  with  distinction 
successively  the  posts  of  professor,  director, 
and  superior  of  the  institution  to  which  he 
owed  so  much.  A  priest  of  the  merit  of 
Abbe  Larocque  could  not  long  remain  with- 
out attracting  the  attention  of  Bishop  Bour- 
get,  who  at  this  time  occupied  the  episcopal 
seat  at  Montreal.  The  eminent  prelate  sum- 
moned him,  and  conferred  upon  him  the  can- 
onship,  thereby  procuring  a  most  valuable 
auxiliary  in  the  administration  of  his  dio- 
cese, one  who,  in  his  manifold  duties  and 
work,  exercised  his  natural  talent,  profound 
science,  and  indefatigable  zeal.  He  was  en- 
trusted with  the  editing  of  Religious  Miscel- 
lany, published  under  the  auspices  of  Bish- 
op Bourget.  Mgr.  Prince,  then  coadjutor 
bishop  of  Montreal,  being  delegated  to  take 
to  the  Holy  Father  at  Rome  the  decree  of 
the  first  council  at  Quebec,  Canon  Larocque 
received  orders  to  accompany  him  as  secre- 
tary. During  his  sojourn  in  the  Holy  City  he 
was  named  Bishop  of  Cydonia,  by  his  Holi- 
ness Pope  Pius  IX.,  and  coadjutor  of  Mon- 
treal, in  place  of  his  Lordship  J.  C.  Prince, 
promoted  to  the  new  bishopric  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe. On  the  28th  of  the  following  Octo- 
ber he  was  consecrated  in  his  native  parish 
(Chambly)  by  Bishop  Bourget,  assisted  by 
their  Lordships  Guigues,  bishop  of  Ottawa, 
and  Cooke,  bishop  of  Three  Rivers.  During 
the  next  eight  years  Bishop  Larocque  ful- 


filled his  numerous  duties  in  a  most  exem- 
plary manner,  to  the  detriment  of  his  health. 
In  June,  1860,  he  was  transferred  to  the 
bishopric  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  but  owing  to 
his  constant  suffering  and  infirmities,  he 
asked  the  permission  of  the  Pope  to  ab- 
dicate his  charge,  which  was  granted  by  a 
Papal  decree,  dated  August  17th,  1865.  In 
July,  1866,  Mgr.  Laroco.ue  was  nominated 
by  his  Holiness  Pope  Pms  IX.,  bishop  of 
Germanicopolis.  The  principal  work  of  the 
pious  prelate  during  his  short  term  as  head 
of  the  diocese,  was  the  founding  of  the 
Community  of  the  Precious  Blood,  which  in 
a  few  years  became  renowned  for  piety  and 
virtue.  This  community  owe  to  the  vener- 
able and  devoted  father  the  constitution 
which  governs  them,  and  several  spiritual 
works,  among  others,  "  Manner  of  Devotion 
to  the  Precious  Blood,"  and  "  Meditations 
for  each  Month  of  the  Year;"  also,  "The 
Liturgical  Year,"  comprising  meditations 
for  Sundays  and  all  the  notable  feasts  of  the 
year.  The  Lord  remembered  this  faithful 
.and  earnest  worker  in  permitting  him  to  see 
the  success  which  crowned  his  many  efforts, 
for  which  the  diocese  of  St.  Hyacinthe  owes 
him  a  debt  of  gratitude,  only  to  be  repaid 
by  continuing  in  the  noble  work  so  ably 
mapped  out  for  them.  Bishop  Joseph  La- 
rocque died  November  18th,  1887. 

McDonald,  Hon.  James,  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia, 
was  born  at  East  Eiver,  Pictou  county,  N.S., 
1st  July,  1828.  His  family  were  among  the 
first  Scotch  Highlanders  who  came  to  Nova 
Scotia  one  hundred  years  ago.  They  estab- 
lished at  Pictou  a  thoroughly  Scottish  com- 
munity which  bears  their  impress  legibly 
to  this  day.  The  chief  justice  had  very 
few  educational  or  inherited  advantages  to 
help  him  in  his  early  days,  but  he  possess- 
ed a  splendid  physique,  unfailing  good- 
temper  and  kindliness,  great  shrewdness 
and  common  sense,  and  laudable  ambition. 
He  obtained  his  preliminary  education  at 
New  Glasgow,  the  second  town  in  Pictou 
county,  being  the  seat  of  valuable  collieries, 
glass-works  and  other  manufactories,  and 
one  of  the  most  flourishing  and  progressive 
spots  in  the  province.  After  completing  his 
course,  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1851.  He  at  once  obtained  a 
good  practice,  and  gained  a  considerable 
reputation  as  a  platform  speaker.  He  al- 
ways took  a  great  interest  in  politics,  being 
a  staunch  Conservative.  He  first  came  to 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


713 


the  front  as  a  political  candidate  in  1859 
when  he  successfully  contested  Pictou  coun- 
ty in  the  general  election  of  that  year. 
The  Conservative  party  were  fast  gaining 
strength  and  bidding  again  for  the  political 
supremacy  which  had  been  denied  them  for 
many  years.  Among  the  rising  men  was  Dr. 
Charles  Tupper,  a  bold  and  fluent  orator,  and 
a  man  of  great  administrative  force  and  tact. 
Hon.  J.  W.  Johnson,  attorney- general  and 
facile  princeps  in  his  party  for  so  many 
years,  was  getting  old  and  unfit  for  a  hard 
campaign.  Sir  William  Young  had  been 
made  chief  justice,  and  other  prominent 
Liberals  wero  dropping  out  of  the  ranks. 
Railways  were  building  and  there  was  an 
impetus  thereby  given  to  the  general  hope- 
fulness of  the  country.  There  were  hot  de- 
bates in  the  House  of  Assembly  where  such 
men  as  A.  G.  Archibald,  Thomas  Morrison, 
and  Jonathan  McCully  strove  for  the  reins 
of  power.  Hon.  Mr.  McDonald  again  offer- 
ed, in  1863,  when  his  party  achieved  a  great 
victory  at  the  polls.  He  was  appointed  by 
Dr.  Tupper,  provincial  secretary  and  pre- 
mier, to  the  position  of  chief  railway  com- 
missioner for  Nova  Scotia,  in  June,  1863,  and 
held  this  office  until  December,  1864.  In 
December,  1864,  he  was  appointed  to  a  seat 
in  the  government  with  the  portfolio  of  finan- 
cial secretary.  The  celebrated  conferences  of 
Charlottetown  and  Quebec  were  held  in  the 
summer  of  1864.  There  the  preliminaries 
of  confederation  were  discussed.  At  the 
latter  conference  Nova  Scotia  was  repre- 
sented by  Dr.  Tupper,  Hon.  W.  A.  Henry, 
now  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Canada, 
Jonathan  (afterwards  Judge)  McCully,  and 
Hon.  B.  B.  Dickey,  senator.  The  next  few 
months  were  times  of  fierce  political  debate 
in  the  maritime  provinces.  Confederation 
was  consummated  1st  July,  1867,  and  was 
shortly  afterwards  followed  by  general  elec- 
tions in  the  provinces  and  in  the  Dominion. 
The  Conservatives  were  routed  at  the  polls. 
Dr.  Tupper  won  his  election  in  Cumberland 
county,  defeating  Hon.  William  Annand  by 
the  narrow  majority  of  66.  Not  a  single 
Conservative  member  followed  him  to  Otta- 
wa on  his  first  appearance  there.  Among 
the  defeated  was  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
who  stood  for  Pictou.  But  previous  to  this 
time,  and  during  1865  and  1866,  he  had 
been  appointed  a  commissioner,  represent- 
ing his  native  province,  to  negotiate  towards 
opening  trade  relations  between  the  West 
Indies,  Mexico  and  Brazil  and  the  British 


American  provinces.  In  prosecution  of  this 
mission  he  did  some  travelling  in  the  Antil- 
les. In  1867  he  was  made  a  Queen's  coun- 
sel. During  the  last  years  of  his  residence 
and  practice  at  the  bar  in  Halifax,  the  city 
barristers,  on  his  attaining  to  the  twenty- 
fifth  year  of  his  practice  presented  him 
with  a  silk  gown  accompanied  by  an  appre- 
ciative and  friendly  address.  In  thanking 
the  gentlemen  of  the  long  robe  for  their 
courtesy,  he  remarked  that  he  was  much 
touched  by  their  kindness,  but  that  the  in- 
cident carried  with  it  one  element  of  regret 
in  that  it  reminded  him  that  he  was  grow- 
ing old.  The  chief  justice,  however,  en- 
joys robust  health,  and  has  probably  many 
years  before  him.  During  these  times  he 
was  working  up  one  of  the  best-known 
practices  in  Nova  Scotia.  He  had  become 
associated  in  Pictou  with  Samuel  G.  Bigby 
(since  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  a  man 
who  died  two  years  ago  greatly  regretted 
while  yet  little  over  forty  years  of  age),  and 
removed  to  Halifax,  establishing  the  firm  of 
McDonald  &  Bigby.  They  generally  had 
in  their  office  six  students  and  copyists,  and 
their  practice  extended  throughout  the  pro- 
vince. S.  G.  Bigby  is  believed  to  have  been 
the  peer  of  any  nisi  prius  lawyer  who  ever 
held  a  brief  in  Nova  Scotia.  James  Mc- 
Donald was  skilled  in  all  the  arts  of  a  cross- 
examiner  and  jury  lawyer,  whilst  as  a  cham- 
bers counsel  he  was  unsurpassed  by  any. 
Mr.  Bigby  generally  went  the  Midland  and 
Eastern  circuits,  where  he  never  wanted  a 
client.  At  the  general  election  held  in  the 
summer  of  1872,  Hon.  Mr.  McDonald  again 
contested  Pictou  for  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  this  time  successfully.  He  was  a  strong 
supporter  of  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald.  The 
Pacific  Scandal  burst  out  in  1873,  and  in 
the  debate  in  the  Commons  he  made  one  of 
the  strongest  defences  of  the  government. 
He  was  defeated  at  the  general  election  of 
1874,  when  the  Beform  government  seized 
the  reins  of  power,  but  fought  a  hard  cam- 
paign in  Pictou.  At  the  general  election 
in  1878  he  returned  with  his  party  to  power, 
and  was  made  minister  of  justice.  This  ap- 
pointment he  held  with  credit  until  20th 
May,  1881,  when  the  late  Sir  William  Young 
having  resigned,  he  was  appointed  chief 
justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia. He  is  also  judge  of  the  Vice- Admiralty 
Court.  He  resides  at  a  pretty  villa  on  the 
North- West  Arm,  Halifax,  called  "Blink 
Bonnie."  He  is  a  member  of  the  Halifax 


714 


A  CYCLPO^DIA  OF 


Club,  the  town  resort  of  the  elite  of  Nova 
Scotia.  He  married  in  1856,  Jane,  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  William  Mortimer,  of  Pictou, 
by  whom  he  has  a  large'  family  of  children. 
One  of  his  sons  is  in  the  North- West. 
Two  are  practising  law  in  Halifax.  Two  of 
his  daughters  married  sons  of  Sir  Charles 
Tupper,  viz.,  Charles  H.  Tupper,  M.P.  for 
Pictou  county,  and  William  J.  Tupper,  who 
saw  service  with  the  Halifax  battalion  during 
the  North- West  rebellion.  The  Chief  Jus- 
tice resides  chiefly  in  Halifax  but  occasion- 
ally goes  on  circuit.  His  judgments  are 
marked  by  great  liberality  and  breadth  of 
view.  He  has  befriended  many  young  men 
in  their  struggles  to  get  a  profession,  and 
is  an  openhearted,  openhanded  man.  No 
finer  specimen  of  the  Pictou  Scotchman 
could  be  picked  out  than  "  Jim  McDonald," 
as  he  was  familiarly,  though  respectfully 
called,  during  his  long  career,  at  the  bar  and 
in  politics.  Hon.  Mr.  McDonald  is  a  mem- 
ber of  St.  Matthew's  Presbyterian  Church, 
Halifax. 

JMerritt,  Jedediah  Prenderga§t, 
St.  Catharines,  Ontario.  The  subject  of 
this  biographical  sketch  is  the  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Hon.  William  Hamilton  Mer- 
ritt,  the  well-known  pioneer  of  the  most 
prominent  part  of  the  peninsula  of  western 
Canada,  and  the  originator  and  principal 
actor  in  obtaining  the  completion  of  the 
Welland  and  St.  Lawrence  canals,  now  con- 
necting the  upper  lakes  with  the  Atlantic 
ocean.  Mr.  Merritt  was  born  at  St.  Catha- 
rines, county  of  Lincoln,  on  the  1st  of  June, 
1820,  and  the  whole  of  his  life  has  been  de- 
voted to  the  material  and  sesthetical  occupa- 
tions which  make  history  for  the  western 
hemisphere.  At  an  early  period  he  repre- 
sented his  native  country  as  a  student  at 
Cambridge,  England,  and  upon  his  return 
his  further  representation  consisted  in  being 
familiar  with  English  and  continental  so- 
ciety as  it  was  associated  with  scholastic 
and  political  economy.  His  father,  by  the 
force  of  daily  events,  was  engaged  in  pro- 
moting public  important  Canadian  interests, 
whether  included  in  commercial,  political, 
or  educational  enterprises ;  and  his  son,  be- 
ing well  qualified  by  natural  and  acquired 
attainments,  gave  these  enterprises  the  ad- 
vantage of  his  presence  both  at  the  desk 
and  by  his  advice  in  the  halls  of  the  legis- 
lature. In  1860  he  was  appointed  by  a 
vote  of  parliament  to  a  position  now  known 
as  archivist.  He  collected  the  ten  thousand 


folio  pages  of  historical  matter  as  put  upon 
record  by  the  lives  of  pioneers  in  Canada 
prior  and  subsequent  to  the  revolutionary 
war.  Whether,  accordingly,  information  of 
large  or  small  moment  to  families  of  the 
United  Empire  class  or  its  government,  or 
to  families  generally  of  Canada  or  the  Uni- 
ted States  be  required,  it  is  derivable  through 
the  labors  of  the  gentleman  whose  name 
is  before  us.  Such  a  task  as  this  brought 
into  requisition  varied  talents  and  an  un- 
ceasing industry  for  a  number  of  years, 
and  so  suggestive  of  utility  was  his  report 
that  parliament  renewed  an  engagement 
with  him.  The  qualities  of  patriotism  and 
generosity  characterised  his  proceedings, 
for  he  not  only  gave  his  assistant  the  ap- 
propriation made  for  the  purpose,  but  with- 
out opposition  he  permitted  the  adoption  of 
a  title  which  directs  a  searcher  after  know- 
ledge formulated  under  his  guidance  to  go 
to  the  Coventry  Documents.  On  the  1st  of 
May,  1845,  he  was  appointed  postmaster 
at  St.  Catharines,  an  office  which  he  re- 
tained for  a  period  of  eighteen  years.  Mr. 
Merritt  has  distinguished  himself  both  in 
poetry  and  prose.  At  an  early  age,  and 
while  at  school,  a  taste  for  literature  and 
sgience  distinctly  spoke  out.  And  subse- 
quently his  poetical  genius  shone  out  in 
many  effusions  relating  to  his  own  and 
other  countries,  and  in  such  as  passed  fit- 
ting encomiums  upon  the  noble  .qualities  of 
patriotism  and  valor.  A  poem  written  as  a 
memento  of  the  visit  of  the  Duke  of  Kent 
to  Canada  received  a  distinguished  acknow- 
ledgment from  the  Prince  of  Wales,  his 
Grace  the  Duke  of  Newcastle,  and  the  Earl 
of  St.  Germans.  Many  odes  are  also  well 
known;  among  them  may  be  found  that 
"  On  the'  Opening  of  Victoria  Bridge"  by 
the  Prince  of  Wales;  "  Ho,  for  Manitoba;  " 
"Ontario;"  those  on  the  battles  of  "Lun- 
dy's  Lane  "— "  Crook's  Mills  "— "  Eiver 
Basin;" — that  read  by  the  Loyal  Canadian 
Society  at  its  anniversary  picnic  at  Queens- 
ton  Heights  ;  "  The  rise  and  progress  of 
St.  Catharines,"  in  prose,  and  concluded  in 
verse.  Besides  others  in  number  to  fill  a 
volume,  which  fail  to  receive  a  notice  here. 
The  public  journals  of  the  day,  for  many 
years  past,  evidence  by  their  columns  that 
Mr.  Merritt' s  study  and  influence  upon  sub- 
jects of  administrative  policy  and  scientific 
economy  have  given  to  the  publie  as  much 
of  instruction  as  of  entertainment.  An  in- 
genious historical  chart  published  by  Mr. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


715 


Merritt  met  with  the  approval  of  the  British 
North  American  Historical  Society,  and 
commendation  from  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
who  sent  him  an  appropriate  medal.  When 
decimal  currency  was  introduced  into 
Canada,  Mr.  Merritt  brought  before  the 
legislature  a  system  of  weights  and  meas- 
ures known  as  the  "  metric."  With  these 
it  is  as  easy  of  calculation  as  that  of  by 
tens  with  money.  The  government  voted 
in  its  favor  $50,000  to  be  used  if  necessary. 
Mr.  Merritt's  life  has  been  an  unceasing 
application  of  advantages  derivable  from  a 
patrimony,  for  the  promotion  of  plans  equal 
to  the  dignity  and  character  of  Canada; 
and  his  family  promise  to  wear  his  mantle. 
He  married  on  the  17th  of  August,  1864, 
the  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  George  Pres- 
cott,  for  many  years  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  Welland  canal,  by  whom  he  has  six 
sons  and  two  daughters. 

Scott,  Licut.-CoI.  Thomas,  Collec- 
tor of  Customs,  Winnipeg,  was  born  in  Lan- 
ark county,  Ontario,  16th  February,  1841. 
He  is  of  Irish  parentage,  and  has  proved  in 
all  the  departments  of  activity  in  which  he 
has  been  engaged  throughout  an  unusually 
active  life  that  he  has  inherited  the  best 
qualities  of  the  Celtic  race  braced  with  the 
increased  vigor  which  a  fine  climate  and 
free  institutions  give  to  Canadians.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  educated  at  the  pub- 
lic and  high  schools  of  his  native  county, 
and  at  an  early  age  entered  on  journalism, 
and  when  only  twenty  he  founded  a  jour- 
nal to  advocate  the  principles  of  the  Con- 
servative party.  This  journal  was  the  Perth 
Expositor,  which  under  the  energetic  man- 
agement of  its  founder  soon  became  a  power 
in  the  county.  Two  years  later  he  married 
Miss  Kellock,  second  daughter  of  Robert 
Kellock.  Born  with  the  instincts  of  a  sol- 
dier, young  Scott  joined  the  volunteer  corps 
of  his  town,  at  the  time  of  the  Trent  affair, 
and  shortly  afterwards  became  its  captain. 
No  better  commanding- officer  or  more  en- 
thusiastic militiaman  was  to  be  found  in  the 
province  than  he.  When  the  Fenian  raid 
of  1866  set  the  country  in  a  ferment,  Capt. 
Scott  was  one  of  the  first  to  ask  on  behalf 
of  himself  and  his  company  to  be  assigned 
for  active  service.  They  were  ordered  to 
the  St.  Lawrence  frontier,  where  they  were 
kept  on  duty  for  four  months.  For  his 
services  he  was  raised  to  the  rank  of  major. 
He  was  next  called  into  active  service  in 
1870,  when  he  was  placed  in  command  of  a 


company  of  the  Ontario  Rifles,  part  of  Col, 
(now  Lord)  Wolseley's  expedition  to  the 
North-West  to  suppress  the  first  Riel  rebel- 
lion. In  the  toilsome  journey  Major  Scott 
distinguished  himself  by  his  power  of  in- 
spiring enthusiasm  in  the  men  under  his 
command,  which  won  such  high  encomi- 
ums from  the  brilliant  young  command- 
er of  the  expedition.  When,  just  after 
his  return,  it  became  necessary  to  send 
another  expedition  to  the  North- West  to 
resist  the  threatened  Fenian  invasion  of 
Manitoba,  Major  Scott,  raised  to  the  rank 
of  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  was  chosen  to 
command  the  force.  A  considerable  part 
of  the  journey  through  what  was  then  an 
almost  untrodden  wilderness  was  made  in 
winter,  and  the  men  suffered  great  hard- 
ships, but  made  their  way  through  to  Fort 
Garry  with  wonderfully  few  mishaps.  Lik- 
ing the  country,  and  appreciating  the  oppor- 
tunities it  offered  for  men  of  pluck  and 
energy,  Col.  Scott  sold  out  his  newspaper 
business  and  removed  to  Manitoba.  He  at 
once  took  a  prominent  part  in  public  affairs. 
He  first  essayed  in  1874  to  be  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  Manitoba  against  the 
then  premier,  Hon.  R.  A.  Davis,  but  was 
unsuccessful.  Three  years  later,  however, 
he  became  mayor  of  Winnipeg  after  a  keen 
electoral  contest,  but  administered  affairs 
so  satisfactorily  to  the  people,  during  his 
year  of  office,  that  he  was  elected  by  accla- 
mation for  a  second  term.  While  still  occu- 
pying the  place  of  mayor,  he  was  nominat- 
ed for  a  seat  in  the  Legislative  Assembly, 
and  was  elected.  The  general  election  came 
on  in  the  following  year,  and  Col.  Scott  was 
again  successful.  In  1880,  the  seat  in  the 
House  of  Commons  for  Selkirk  becoming 
vacant  by  Hon.  (now  Sir)  Donald  A.  Smith 
being  unseated,  Col.  Scott  resigned  his 
place  in  the  legislature,  and  ran  in  the  Con- 
servative interest,  defeating  Sir  Donald  by 
169  majority,  In  the  general  election 
of  1882  he  again  was  the  Conservative 
standard-bearer  for  Winnipeg,  in  some  re- 
spects the  most  important  political  division 
of  the  province.  He  was  triumphantly  re- 
turned and  served  throughout  that  parlia- 
ment. He  was  appointed  collector  of  cus- 
toms in  1887,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
Lieut.-Col.  Scott,  while  always  a  strong 
party  man,  and  almost  fiercely  active  in  a 
political  contest,  has  those  qualities  of  gene- 
rosity and  kind-heartedness  which  make 
men  who  are  his  opponents  his  friends.  He 


716 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


is  a  man  beloved  by  the  people  because  of 
his  strong  sympathy  with  them,  and  his 
manifest  desire  to  do  all  in  his  power  to 
defend  their  interests. 

Ogclen,  William  Win§low,  B.M., 
M.D.,  one  of  the  leading  medical  practition- 
ers of  the  city  of  Toronto,  was  born  in  the 
township  of  Toronto,  county  of  Peel,  3rd 
July,  1837.  His  parents  were  William  J. 
Ogden,  an  officer  in  the  militia  of  York  coun- 
ty in  those  days,  and  Eebecca  Ogden.  His 
father  was  descended  from  old  English 
stock,  traceable  as  far  back  as  the  time  of 
Charles  the  Second.  One  of  his  ancestors, 
performed  distinguished  services  for  this 
fickle  monarch  at  a  critical  period  of  his 
career,  and  received  at  his  hands  in  return 
important  recognition,  and  the  coat  armor 
now  held  by  his  descendants.  The  doctor's 
mother  was  from  Ireland,  and  has  been 
dead  over  twenty  years,  but  his  father,  now 
in  his  eighty-sixth  year,  is  still  alive,  and 
resides  near  Port  Credit.  Dr.  Ogden  re- 
ceived such  primary  education  as  the  schools 
of  his  native  place  supplied  in  those  early 
days,  and  then  went  to  the  Toronto  Acade- 
my (since  extinct),  at  that  time  connected 
with  Knox  College.  He  afterwards  attend- 
ed, until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  Vic- 
toria College,  taking  the  ordinary  arts 
course,  and  from  this  until  he  reached  the 
age  of  twenty-two,  he  attended  the  Toronto 
School  of  Medicine,  taking  at  the  same  time 
several  special  subjects  in  natural  science  in 
the  University  of  Toronto.  He  graduated  in 
honors  in  medicine  from  Toronto  University 
in  1860,  and  at  a  later  date  in  the  same  sci- 
ence from  Victoria  College,  Cobourg.  He  then 
settled  in  Toronto,  in  which  city  he  has  ever 
since  successfully  practised  his  profession. 
In  1869  Dr.  Ogden  was  appointed  lecturer 
on  medical  jurisprudence  and  toxicology  in 
Toronto  School  of  Medicine,  and  lectured 
on  these  subjects,  and  that  of  diseases  of 
children,  from  that  date  until  1887,  when, 
on  the  creation  of  the  medical  faculty  of 
Toronto  University,  he  was  appointed  pro- 
fessor of  forsenic  medicine,  which  includes 
toxicology  and  medical  psychology.  He 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  all  educational  mat- 
ters, and  has  been  a  member  of  the  public 
school  board  continuously  since  1866,  a  per- 
iod of  twenty-two  years.  He  is  always  found 
at  his  post,  is  generally  a  member  of  all 
important  committees,  for  two  years  was 
chairman  of  the  board,  and  no  one  rejoices 
more  than  the  worthy  doctor  at  the  great 


progress  our  schools  have  made  since  he 
first  began  to  take  an  active  interest  in 
their  management.  Being  a  public  spirited 
gentleman,  he  is  deeply  interested  in  every- 
thing that  helps  to  improve  the  social  and 
material  condition  of  his  countrymen.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Middlesex  lodge,  Sons 
of  England  Benevolent  Society,  and  its 
medical  examiner  in  the  beneficiary  depart- 
ment, is  president  of  the  Koyal  Oak  Build- 
ing and  Savings  Society,  and  of  the  Sons  of 
England  Hall  Company  of  Toronto.  For 
many  years,  till  recently,  he  was  an  active 
member  of  the  Toronto  Reform  Association, 
and  for  a  long  time  was  its  vice-president. 
Ever  since  the  Brown-Cameron  struggle,  in 
1858,  he  has  taken  an  active  part  in  all  the 
political  contests  held  in  Toronto,  and  had 
the  distinction  of  being  nominated  as  the 
Keform  candidate  for  the  Ontario  legislature 
in  1879,  but,  although  he  succeeded  in 
greatly  reducing  the  majority  generally 
polled  againts  the  Keform  candidate,  he 
failed  to  secure  his  own  election.  In  reli- 
gion, Dr.  Ogden  was  brought  up  in,  and 
has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in,  the 
Methodist  form  of  worship,  and  for  over 
thirty  years  has  held  the  office  of  leader  in 
the  Methodist  church.  He  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  all  the  general  conferences  save  one, 
and  of  the  annual  conferences  up  to  the 
present.  He  supported  and  voted  for  the 
union  of  the  several  Methodist  bodies,  and 
was  well  pleased  when  the  union  took  place. 
In  politics,  it  is  almost  needless  to  say,  he  is 
a  staunch  Reformer,  and  has  during  his  long 
and  useful  life  sacrificed  largely  in  time  and 
labor  to  advance  the  cause  he  has  so  much 
at  heart.  On  the  27th  May,  1862,  he  was 
married  to  Elizabeth  Price,  daughter  of  the 
late  William  McKown,  and  niece  of  the  late 
George  Price,  who  died  in  1880. 

Burrill,  James,  Merchant,  Yarmouth, 
Nova  Scotia,  is  the  second  son  of  William 
Burrill  and  Catharine  Sullivan,  and  was 
born  on  the  22nd  February,  1844,  at  Yar- 
mouth, N.S.  He  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  on  the  retirement  of  his 
father  in  1869,  succeeded  to  his  business, 
in  company  with  his  two  brothers,  and  they 
now  trade  under  the  style  of  William  Bur- 
rill &  Co.  The  firm  is  largely  interested  in 
shipping.  Mr.  Burrill,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade, 
and  since  1876  he  has  had  a  seat  on  the 
Board  of  School  Trustees.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  councillor  for  Milton,  and  was  re- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


717 


elected  to  the  same  position  in  1882,  1884, 
and  1886.  He  was  chosen  warden  of  the 
municipality  of  Yarmouth  in  1884,and  again 
elected  to  the  same  office  in  1886.  Mr. 
Burrill  takes  an  interest  in  all  social  reforms 
and  belongs  to  the  order  of  the  Sons  of 
Temperance  and  to  the  Temple  of  Honor. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal,  and  in  religion 
lie  belongs  to  the  Presbyterian  church. 
Though  comparatively  young  in  years,  he 
has  devoted  a  good  deal  of  time  for  the 
benefit  of  his  fellow-citizens,  among  whom 
he  is  highly  respected  as  he  deserves  to  be. 
On  the  20th  September,  1887,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Jane  J.,  eldest  daughter  of  George 
H.  Lovitt. 

Murray,  Ueut.-CoI.  John  Robert, 
Superintendent  of  Stores  and  Paymaster  of 
Military  district,  No.  9,  Halifax,  was  born 
at  Halifax,  N.S.,  February  9th,  1836,  and  is 
the  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Murray  of  Dart- 
mouth, N.S.,  (born  February  11,  1811),  and 
Caroline  Maria  Tapper  of  Blandford,  Eng- 
land (born  March  5,  1813),  who  married 
at  Halifax,  December  6,  1834.    Col.  Murray 
was  educated  at  the  National  School  and 
the  Grammar  School  (Academy)  Halifax, 
and   early   entered  into    mercantile     pur- 
suits.     He   became  interested    eventually 
in    the    hardware    business   as   a   partner 
in  the   firm   of  Boggs   &   Boss,  and  Thos. 
Boggs  &  Co.     Colonel  Murray  served  his 
native  town  for  three   years  as  an  alder- 
man for  Ward  1,  from   1872,  and  was  a 
justice   of  the  peace  for  the  town.     As  a 
young  man,  he  took  an  active  interest  in 
the  militia,  and  this  strengthened  with  each 
succeeding  year.     His  connection  with  the 
militia  of  Nova  Scotia  and  the  Dominion 
covers  a  period  of  over  twenty-nine  years, 
and  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  has 
held  her    Majesty's  commissions,  viz: — In 
the    3rd    Queen's,    N.    S.   militia,    second 
lieutenant,  February  5,  1863;  first  lieuten- 
ant, June  10,  1863  ;  captain,  December  11, 
1864;  adjutant,  July  14,  1865,  in  the  66th 
Princess   Louise  Fusiliers  ;   captain,  June 
18, 1869;  brevet  major,  September  20,  1872; 
brevet    lieutenant-colonel,    December     12, 
1874.     On  February  1,  1884,  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  district  staff,  and  has  since 
filled  the  offices  of  store-keeper  and  district 
paymaster,  in  a  most  satisfactory  manner. 
In  religion  he  is  a  Presbyterian,  being  a 
member  of  St.  Andrew's  Church.     He  is  a 
pleasant,  agreeable  citizen,  a  good  soldier, 
and   a  splendid  officer.     He  was  married, 


September  19,  1861,  to  Eliza  Jane,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  James  Beeves  of  Hali- 
fax, and  has  had  issue  five  children,  of 
whom  three  survive :  James  Beeves,  who  oc- 
cupies the  position  of  accountant  in  the 
Nova  Scotia  Sugar  Befinery,  Halifax  ; 
Charles  Grant,  gentleman  cadet  at  the  Boyal 
Military  College,  Kingston,  and  George 
William,  who  is  a  student  at  the  Halifax 
Medical  College. 

Law§on,  Profc§§or  George,  Ph.D., 
LL.D.,  F.I.C.,  F.B.S.C.,  Halifax,  N.S.,  was 
born  at  Newport,  parish  of  Forgan,  Fif eshire, 
Scotland,  12th  October,  1827.     He  is  the 
only  son  of  Alex.  Lawson,  of  a  family  long 
resident  in  the  county,  and  his  wife,  Mar- 
garet McEwen,  daughter  of  Colin  McEwen, 
:or  many  years  a  civic  officer  in  the  town  of 
Dundee.     He  was   educated  at   a  private 
school,  and  after  several  years  of  private 
study  and  law-reading,  entered  the  Univer- 
sity of  Edinburgh,  devoting  his  attention 
specially  to  the  natural  and  physical  scien- 
ces— chemistry,  botany,  zoology,  anatomy, 
mineralogy,  and  geology.     His  studies  at 
Edinburgh  extended  over  a  period  of  ten 
years,  during  which  time  he  was  also  occu- 
pied with  scientific  and  literary  work  in  con- 
nection with  the  university  and  several  of 
the  scientific  institutions  of  that  city.     He 
occupied  the  position  of  curator  of  the  uni- 
versity herbarium,  until  it  was  removed  from 
the  university  building  to  the  Boyal  Botanic 
Garden,  and  was  thus  early  brought  into 
personal  contact  and  correspondence  with 
the  leading    botanists    of    the   time.     He 
assisted  the  professor  of  botany,  Dr.  Balfour, 
in  his  class-work  and  field  and  mountain  ex- 
cursions, and,  as  demonstrator  under  the  pro- 
fessor's direction,  conducted  a  select  class 
in  histology  for  advanced  students,  teaching 
the  practical  use  of  the  microscope  and  the 
methods  of  research  in  regard  to  the  minute 
structure  and  development  of  plants.     This 
class,  formed  in  the  Herbarium  room  at  the 
Boyal  Botanic   Garden,   in   Edinburgh,  in 
1853,  was  one  of  the  first,  if  not  the  first 
organization  of  the   kind  in  Britain  corres- 
ponding to  what  are  now  known  as  biologi- 
cal laboratories.    This  Edinburgh  Botanical 
Laboratory  is   now  greatly  extended  and 
well  supplied  with  recent  improvements  in 
apparatus  and  implements  of  research.     On 
the  death  of  Dr.  Fleming,  professor  of  na- 
tural science  in  the  New  College,  Edinburgh, 
Dr.  Lawson,  in  conjunction  with  the  late 
Andrew   Murray,   continued    the    lectures 


718 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


through  the  winter  session.  He  prepared, 
and  carried  through  the  press,  the  catalogue 
of  the  library  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edin- 
burgh, a  work  which  was  thus  noticed  by 
Sir  R.  Christison  in  his  presidential  address : 
"  The  council,  in  noticing  the  completion  of 
this  important  labor,  cannot  express  too 
highly  the  sense  they  entertain  of  the  ser- 
vices of  Dr.  Lawson,  who  has  applied  him- 
self to  the  task  put  before  him  with  a  zeal, 
diligence,  method,  and  ability  which  led 
the  council  to  congratulate  themselves  and 
the  society  on  the  choice  which  was  made 
in  appointing  him."  He  acted  as  secretary 
for  several  other  societies,  being  joint  sec- 
retary with  the  late  Sir  Wyville  Thom- 
son, of  the  Eoyal  Physical  Society.  Be- 
ing an  adherent  of  the  Church  of  Scot- 
land, he  was  an  active  member  of  the  High 
Church  of  Edinburgh.  In  the  year  1858 
Dr.  Lawson  accepted  the  appointment  of 
professor  of  chemistry  and  natural  history 
in  Queen's  "University,  Kingston,  Ontario, 
and  relinquished  the  several  offices  held  in 
Edinburgh.  On  leaving  that  city  for  Can- 
ada, a  number  of  the  professors  of  the  uni- 
versity and  members  of  societies,  including 
Professor  Balfour,  Sir  R.  Christison,  Sir  J. 
Y.  Simpson,  Sir  J.  Gibson-Craig,  Sir  A. 
Douglas  Maclagan,  Professor  Wilson,  Sir  A. 
Fayrer,  and  others,  presented  him  with  a 
purse  of  sovereigns  and  a  silver  salver  bear- 
ing the  following  inscription — "  Presented 
to  Dr.  George  Lawson  ( along  with  a  purse 
of  sovereigns),  on  the  occasion  of  his  de- 
parture from  Great  Britain,  to  fill  the  chair 
of  chemistry  and  natural  history  in  Queen's 
College,  Kingston,  Canada,  by  some  of  his 
friends,  who  desire  thus  to  testify  their  high 
esteem  and  regard  for  him,  and  their  ap- 
preciation of  the  services  which  he  has  ren- 
dered to  science  in  Edinburgh.  5th  Au- 
gust, 1858."  One  of  the  speakers  at  the 
farewell  meeting  (father  of  the  professor  of 
botany  in  the  Dublin  College  of  Science), 
remarked  as  a  reason  for  the  presentation: 
"  We  do  not  know  what  the  Canadians  may 
think  of  you,  but  we  want  them  to  know 
what  we  think  of  you  here."  At  Queen's 
College,  a  new  laboratory  and  class-rooms 
for  medical  teaching  being  in  course  of  con- 
struction, Dr.  Lawson  organized  there  a 
system  of  practical  laboratory  teaching  simi- 
lar to  that  then  in  operation  by  Drs.  Wilson 
and  Macadam  at  Edinburgh.  The  college 
grounds  were  laid  out  as  a  botanic  garden, 
and  the  Botanical  Society  of  Canada  was 


formed,  chiefly  through  his  exertions. 
Whilst  at  Kingston,  he  acted  as  an  exam- 
iner at  Toronto  University.  In  consequence 
of  the  disturbed  state  of  affairs  in  Queen's 
College,  in  1863,  Dr.  Lawson  resigned  his 
position  there,  and  accepted  the  professor- 
ship of  chemistry  and  mineralogy  in  Dal- 
housie  College  and  University,  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  then  being  reorganized,  and 
which  he  still  holds.  Soon  after  his  arrival 
in  Nova  Scotia,  a  board  of  agriculture  was 
established  by  the  provincial  government, 
and  be  was  elected  secretary.  He  continued 
to  discharge  the  duties  of  that  office  from 
1864  till  1885,  when  the  board  was  abol- 
ished, and  its  duties  assumed  directly  by 
the  provincial  government.  His  services 
were  retained  under  the  new  arrangement 
as  secretary  for  agriculture  of  the  province. 
In  1857  Dr.  Lawson  took  the  degree  of 
Ph.D.  at  the  University  of  Giessen.  In  1863 
the  University  of  McGill  College,  Montreal, 
conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D.  He  is  a  fellow,  and  at  present  pres- 
ident, of  the  Royal  Society  of  Canada;  fel- 
low of  the  Botanical  and  Royal  Physical 
Societies  of  Edinburgh;  of  the  Institute  of 
Chemistry  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland; 
honorary  member  of  the  Edinburgh  Geolo- 
gical and  Scottish  Arboricultural  Societies; 
corresponding  member  of  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society  of  London,  and  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Natural  Sciences  at  Cherbourg  ; 
also  member  of  the  following:  British  As- 
sociation for  Advancement  of  Science,  Am- 
erican Association  for  Advancement  of 
Science,  Royal  Scottish  Society  of  Arts, 
Nova  Scotian  Institute  of  Natural  Science, 
Historical  Society  Ottawa  Naturalists'  Club, 
etc. ;  associate  of  the  Canadian  Society  of 
Civil  Engineers.  Dr.  Lawson's  contribu- 
tions to  scientific  literature  have  been  pub- 
lished chiefly  in  the  transactions  of  societies 
and  scientific  periodicals,  as  in  "  Transac- 
tions "  respectively  of  the  Botanical  Society 
of  Edinburgh,  Royal  Society  of  Canada, 
Nova  Scotian  Institute  of  Natural  Science, 
and  in  the  "Edinburgh  New  Philosophical 
Journal,"  the  "  London  Phytologist,"  the 
"  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History," 
the  "  Canadian  Naturalist,"  the  "  Chemical 
News,"  etc.  A  separate  work  on  "  Water- 
lilies,"  and  one  on  "  British  Agriculture,'* 
were  published  in  Edinburgh.  During  his 
residence  there  he  was  a  frequent  contribu- 
tor to  "  Chambers's  Edinburgh  Journal," 
and  other  literary  periodicals  in  London 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


719 


and  Edinburgh,  and  ho  edited  and  rewrote 
a  portion  of  one  of  the  editions  of  "  Cham- 
bers's  Information  for  the  People."  He 
married,  in  Edinburgh,  Lucy,  daughter  of 
Charles  Stapley,  of  Vale  Cottage,  Tun- 
bridge  Wells,  and  King's  road,  Chelsea, 
who  died  on  1st  January,  1871,  leaving  two 
daughters.  At  Halifax,  in  1876,  he  married 
Caroline  Matilda,  daughter  of  William  Jor- 
dan, Rosehall,  Halifax,  sister  of  Rev.  Louis 
H.  Jordan,  M.A.,  B.D.,  Montreal,  and  widow 
of  George  Alexander  Knox,  lost  in  the 
steamship  City  of  Boston,  which  sailed  from 
Halifax  harbor  in  January,  1870. 

Allison,  David,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  Hali- 
fax, N.S.,  Superintendent  of  Education  for 
the  province  of  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at 
Newport,  Hants  county,  N.S,,  July  3rd, 
1836.  His  father  was  James  W.  Allison, 
and  his  mother,  Margaret  Elder,  both  Nova 
Scotians,  but  descendants  of  North  of  Ire- 
land parents,  who  had  settled  in  this  pro- 
vince. Dr.  Allison's  father  and  grandfather 
both  occupied  seats  in  the  local  legislature. 
His  preliminary  education  was  received  at 
the  Halifax  Academy,  and  the  Wesleyan 
Academy,  Sackville,  New  Brunswick.  After 
studying  four  years  at  the  latter  institution, 
he  entered  the  Wesleyan  University,  Mid- 
dletown,  Conn.,  U.S.A.,  and  graduated  in 
1859.  He  then  became  classical  instructor 
at  Sackville  Academy,  and  changed  that 
position  in  1862,  to  take  a  similar  position 
in  Mount  Allison  College.  In  1869  Rev. 
Dr.  Pickard  resigned  the  presidency  of  the 
college,  and  the  directorate  unanimously 
elected  Mr.  Allison  to  the  office,  a  tribute  to 
his  scholarship  and  character.  He  occupied 
the  position  of  president  for  nine  years,  and 
under  him  the  college  work  was  very  suc- 
cessfully and  effectively  performed.  In 
the  year  1877  he  was  appointed  to  the 
office  of  superintendent  of  education  for 
the  provin.ce  of  Nova  Scotia,  which  position 
he  still  holds.  Under  his  administration 
the  whole  system  of  the  public  schools  of 
the  province  has  grown  and  developed,  till 
it  is  in  the  most  satisfactory  condition  that 
could  be  desired  or  expected.  Dr.  Allison 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church,  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  congress  of  Method- 
ism held  in  London,  1881.  He  married, 
June  18,  1862,  Elizabeth  PoweU,  of  Riche- 
bucto,  N.B.,  whose  ancestors  were  loyalists. 
Dr.  Allison  received  the  degree  of  B.A., 
1859  ;  M.A.,  1862  ;  LL.D.,  from  Victoria 
College,  Cobourg,  Ontario,  1873.  In  1876 


he  was  appointed  a  fellow  of  the  senate  of 
Halifax  University.  In  his  position  as 
superintendent  of  education  he  has  been 
broad  in  his  views,  and  possesses  a  thorough 
appreciation  of  the  high  problem  which  is 
being  worked  out  by  the  educational  sys- 
tem of  the  province  under  his  guardianship 
and  direction. 

Itadcnliursf,  W.  H., Barrister,  Perth, 
Ontario,  was  born  at  Toronto  on  14th  Sep- 
tember, 1835.  He  is  the  eldest  son  bf  the 
late  Thomas  M.  Radenhurst,  Q.C.,  who  set- 
tled in  Perth  in  1824.  His  paternal  grand- 
father, Thomas  Radenhurst,  came  out  from 
England  to  America  in  a  semi-military 
capacity  at  the  time  of  the  revolutionary 
war.  He  was  from  Cheshire,  and  his  mother 
was  a  sister  of  Lord  Chief  Justice  Kenyon. 
When  a  youth,  he  was  sent  up  to  London 
to  enter  the  employ  of  the  banking  firm  of 
the  Lloyds,  in  which  his  mother,  who  was 
related  to  them,  had  some  interest,  but  he 
preferred  to  go  to  America  with  the  troops 
then  leaving  for  the  war.  At  the  close  of  the 
war,  being  stationed  in  Montreal,  he  mar- 
ried Ann  Campbell,  a  daughter  of  a  United 
Empire  loyalist,  one  of  the  first  who  settled 
on  the  Bay  of  Quinte.  An  uncle  of  hers, 
Sir  John  Campbell,  was  a  distinguished 
soldier  in  India.  He  died  at  Fort  St.  John, 
ip.  early  life,  leaving  a  young  family  to  the 
care  of  his  widow,  a  woman  of  energy  and 
capacity.  She  obtained  commissions  in  the 
army  for  her  two  eldest  sons,  but  her  third 
son,  Thomas,  she  had  educated  at  Dr. 
Strachan's  school  at  Cornwall,  and  he  after- 
wards studied  law  in  Toronto.  He  commen- 
ced the  practice  of  his  profession  in  King- 
ston, from  where  he  removed  to  Perth,  and 
built  up  a  considerable  law  practice.  He 
married  a  daughter  of  Surveyor-General 
Ridout  of  Toronto.  He  represented  the 
county  of  Carleton  in  the  Upper  Canada 
Legislature  before  the  union  of  the  pro- 
vinces, and  was  afterwards,  as  the  nominee 
of  the  Reform  or  Baldwin-Lafontaine  party, 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Lanark  coun- 
ty. He  was  made  a  Queen's  counsel  in  1849, 
and  acted  for  a  considerable  time  as  Crown 
prosecutor  in  the  Eastern  and  sometimes  in 
the  Midland  Circuit.  He  was  offered  the 
judgeship  of  the  Bathurst  district,  but  de- 
clined the  honor.  He  acted  as  treasurer  of 
Lanark  county  for  several  years;  and  he 
died  in  1854,  in  his  fifty-first  year,  leaving 
a  large  family.  The  following  pen  and  ink 
sketch,  of  Thomas  M.  Radenhurst,  written 


720 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


in  November,  1847,  by  a  local  scribe,  sign- 
ing himself  "  Paul  Pry,"  gives  us  a  very 
correct  idea  of  the  deceased  Queen  s  coun- 
sel:— 

Another  personage  in  this  court  is  entitled  to  a 
favourable  notice— Mr.  T.  M.  Kadenhurst.  This 
gentleman  lounges  in  his  chair  with  an  easy  famil- 
iarity when  in  court- -you  would  imagine  that 
his  soul  was  away  into  the  fair  land  of  romance, 
or  feasting  with  the  great  jury  consultists  in  his 
library,  or  arranging  some  circumstances  that 
may  have  transpired  in  the  domestic  or  social 
circle  ;  but  when  he  stands  up,  and  is  roused 
into  action,  you  are  both  startled  and  pleased  to 
find  that  all  this  seeming  abstraction  has  no 
reality — he  shows  that  nothing  has  escaped  his 
notice— his  mind  is  found  to  be  stored  with  im- 
portant facts,  all  bearing  upon  the  point  at  issue  ; 
in  the  management  of  these  there  is  a  complete 
absence  of  all  clap-trap—he  does  not  seek  to  ter- 
rify and  bewilder  a  witness,  but  the  witness  finds 
that  he  is  in  the  hands  of  a  master,  and  that  his 
only  mode  of  escape  is  in  giving  a  plain  unvar- 
nished tale.  When  he  addresses  the  jury,  he  un- 
folds the  capacity  so  valuable  in  an  advocate, 
that  he  believes  that  there  is  such  a  thing  as 
truth,  and  that  he  relies  with  full  confidence  for 
success  of  his  cause  upon  the  truth  being  told. 
The  moral  bearing  of  his  case  is  then  unfolded, 
and  the  conviction  is  triumphantly  carried  and  es- 
tablished in  every  unprejudiced  mind  that  what- 
ever may  be  the  merits  of  the  suit  the  advocate 
is  an  honest  man. 

W.  H.  Badenhurst,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
his  eldest  son,  at  present  residing  in  Perth, 
was  educated  at  Upper  Canada  College.  He 
held  the  office  of  treasurer  of  Lanark  for 
sometime  after  his  father's  death,  but  after- 
wards studied  law  in  the  offices  of  the  late 
Mr.  Fraser  of  Perth,  and  of  Sir  Matthew 
Cameron  in  Toronto,  and  was  called  to  the 
bar.  He  was  a  member  of  the  town  council 
of  Perth,  and  mayor  of  the  town  from  1874 
to  1878.  He  is  now  revising  officer  for  North 
Lanark.  In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal-Conser- 
vative, and  in  religion  an  adherent  of  the 
Episcopal  church. 

St.  George§,  Rev.  Charle§,  Parish 
Priest  of  St.  Athanase,  Iberville,  P.Q.,  and 
Honorary  Canon  of  the  Cathedral  of  St. 
Hyacinthe,  was  born  on  the  13th  March, 
18*34,  at  Varennes,  Vercheres  county,  P.Q. 
He  was  educated  at  the  College  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe, and  ordained  priest  on  the  15th 
August,  1858.  The  scenes  of  his  early 
labors  were  successively  Sorel,  Granby, 
Abbotsford  and  St.  Charles.  Since  1868 
he  has  been  in  charge  of  the  Church  of  St. 
Athanase,  Iberville,  where  his  devotedness, 
zeal,  and  piety  have  gained  for  him  the  uni- 
versal esteem  and  affection  of  his  flock. 
His  finer  qualities,  however,  are  known  only 


to  a  few — his  fellow-priests  and  the  religi- 
ous under  his  spiritual  direction — by  whom 
he  is  regarded  as  a  model  worthy  of  copy- 
ing, and  as  a  tender  and  loving  pastor. 
Father  St.  Georges  has  been  distinguished 
throughout  his  priestly  career  for  the  im- 
portant part  and  interest  he  has  taken  in 
the  education  question.  Finding  on  his 
arrival  at  St.  Athanase,  that  the  good  Sis- 
ters of  the  Congregation  de  Notre  Dame  had 
established  a  convent  there,  he  spared  no 
sacrifice  in  aiding  and  seconding  them  in 
their  noble  efforts.  For  a  long  time  it  was 
his  ardent  wish  to  procure  for  the  boys  of 
his  parish  a  suitable  educational  establish- 
ment ;  but  it  was  not,  however,  until  1885 
that  this  grand  project  was  fully  realized. 
In  that  year  he  had  the  happiness  of  seeing 
opened  a  Commercial  College  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  Marist  Brothers,  whose 
Mother-House  is  at  St.  Genis-Laval,  France. 
The  success  which  has  already  attended  the 
scheme  does  credit  to  its  promoter  and 
principal  supporter.  At  present  it  has  about 
two  hundred  externs  and  fifty  boarders. 
Father  St.  Georges'  life  has  been  replete 
with  all  those  noble  virtues  and  fine  quali- 
ties so  often  met  with  in  the  priesthood,  and 
we  hope  he  will  be  long  spared  to  bless 
humanity. 

Burrill,  William,  Merchant,  Yar- 
mouth, Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  Drumbo, 
near  Belfast,  Ireland,  on  30th  June,  1802. 
He  was  the  second  son  of  Henry  and  Bos- 
anna  Burrill,  and  came  to  Yarmouth,  Nova 
Scotia,  in  the  year  1834,  where  he  at  once 
engaged  in  mercantile  business  which  he 
successfully  pursued  until  1869,  when  he 
retired.  During  his  lifetime  he  greatly  dis- 
tinguished himself  for  his  zeal  in  the  cause 
of  temperance.  He  took  a  leading  part  in 
the  organization  of  the  first  Division  of  the 
Sons  of  Temperance  in  Yarmouth,  and  was 
the  second  Grand  Worthy  Patriarch  of  the 
order  in  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  National  Division  of  North 
America  in  the  year  1851.  He  held  the 
office  of  warden  of  the  municipality  of  Yar- 
mouth in  1857,  and  the  following  year  was 
appointed  a  justice  of  the  peace.  He  was  a 
Liberal  in  politics,  and  a  Presbyterian  in  re- 
ligion. He  died  at  Yarmouth,  on  the  9th 
April,  1883,  greatly  regretted  by  his  fellow 
citizens,  among  whom  he  was  held  in  high 
esteem.  He  was  married  to  Catherine  Sul- 
livan, of  Halifax,  N.S.,  on  the  28th  of  No- 
vember, 1839. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


721 


Charland,  Hon.  Justice  A  If  red  \T. , 

B.O.L.,  St.  John's,  Quebec.  This  gentle- 
man, who  was  raised  to  the  bench  of  the 
province  of  Quebec,  as  one  of  the  judges  of 
the  Superior  Court,  in  November,  1887,  was 
born  at  Iberville,  province  of  Quebec,  on  the 
28th  May,  1842.  He  is  a  son  of  late  Joseph 
Charland,  merchant,  of  the  same  place,  one 
of  the  oldest  settlers  of  the  county  of  Iber- 
ville, province  of  Quebec,  and  who  was  mar- 
ried to  Elmire  Duquette,  of  Chateauguay, 
sister  of  the  renowned  Joseph  Duquette,  a 
young  patriot  who  was  executed  in  1838, 
when  only  twenty -two  years  of  ,age.  for 
being  one  of  the  "Sons  of  Liberty,"  an 
order  that  existed  at  the  time  of  the  Cana- 
dian rebellion.  This  lamented  young  mar- 
tyr for  the  cause  of  liberty  was  a  supporter 
and  bosom  friend  of  the  celebrated  Papi- 
neau.  Judge  Charland  was  educated  in  St. 
Hyacinthe  College.  He  studied  the  profes- 
sion of  law  in  the  office  of  the  late  Hon. 
Charles  Laberge  and  L.  G.  Macdonald,  Q.C. 
(Laberge  &  Macdonald),  in  St.  John's,  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  and  was  subsequently  a 
student  in  the  office  of  Sir  A.  A.  Dorion, 
now  chief  justice  of  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench.  He  received  his  degree  of  B.C.L. 
from  McGill  University,  when  Judge  Tor- 
ranee,  Edward  Carter,  Q.C.,  and  the  Hon. 
R.  Laflamme  were  his  professors.  He  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  September,  1863, 
and  settled  at  St.  John's,  where  he  edited 
Le  Franco  Canadien  for  two  years,  and 
commenced  an  extensive  practice  with  E. 
S.  Faradis,  Q.C.  In  1878  Mr.  Charland 
was  offered  the  judgeship  of  the  quarter 
sessions  for  Montreal,  by  the  Joly  govern- 
ment, in  the  place  of  Judge  Coursol,  a  posi- 
tion which,  though  honorable,  he  declined. 
The  same  year  he  was  appointed  Queen's 
counsel  by  the  Quebec  government,  and  in 
1886  had  this  distinction  confirmed  upon 
him  by  the  govern  or- general  in  council  at 
Ottawa.  He  was  for  several  years  actively 
engaged  in  politics,  and  fought  the  battles 
of  the  Liberal  party  till  he  joined  the  Con- 
servatives as  a  protectionist  and  a  partisan 
of  the  ruling  policy  of  his  friend,  the  Hon. 
J.  A.  Chapleau,  then  premier  of  Quebec 
province.  Mr.  Charland  has  particularly 
distinguished  himself  as  a  criminal  lawyer, 
having  for  several  years  occupied  the  posi- 
tion of  Crown  prosecutor  in  the  district  of 
Iberville,  and  when  not  so  employed  has 
been  entrusted  with  the  defence  in  all  the 
important  cases  whicb  came  up  before  the 
SS 


assizes  of  that  judicial  division.  He  ob- 
tained great  success  in  several  murder  cases. 
He  is  considered  as  an  authority  on  crim- 
inal matters.  He  is  also  acknowledged  to 
be  one  of  the  most  eloquent  and  forcible 
speakers  in  the  province  of  Quebec,  and 
perhaps  the  most  correct  and  eloquent 
of  our  French  orators.  As  such  he  has 
taken  an  active  and  prominent  part  in  nu- 
merous political  contests  throughout  the 
province,  and  greatly  contributed  to  the 
success  of  his  friends  in  many  electoral 
strifes.  The  St.  John's  News  of  the  18th 
November,  1887,  thus  kindly  speaks  of  him 
on  the  occasion  of  his  elevation  to  the 
bench : 

News  was  received  in  St.  John's  last  Friday 
that  Mr.  A.  N,  Charland,  Q  C.,  of  this  place,  had 
been  appointed  judge  of  this  district,  in  place  of 
the  Hon.  Mr.  Justice  Chagnon,  resigned.  While 
general  regret  was  expressed  at  the  resignation  of 
the  latter  gentleman,  the  appointment  of  Mr. 
Charland  as  his  successor  gave  the  most  unquali- 
fied satisfaction  to  our  community  at  large,  and 
even  many  of  those  who  had  recently  been  most 
strictly  opposed  to  him  on  political  ground,  were 
among  the  first  to  congratulate  him  on  his  prefer- 
ment. We  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  Judge 
Charland  will  be  an  honor  to  the  bench.  Years 
ago  he  distinguished  himself  at  the  bar  as  a  gifted 
pleader  and  as  a  clear,  incisive,  and  brilliant  rea- 
soner.  Along  with  a  dignified  and  polished  man- 
ner, he  possesses  that  savoir  faire  which  so  greatly 
adds  to  the  charm  of  an  intellectual  man,  and  is 
so  especially  becoming  to  the  occupants  of  high 
positions. 

Judge  Charland  first  married,  in  1865, 
Aglae  Ouimet,  sister  of  the  Hon.  Justice 
Ouimet.  His  second  marriage  was  to  Mary 
Lareau,  of  St.  John's,  eldest  daughter  of  L. 
Lareau,  manufacturer,  proprietor  of  the  St. 
John's  foundry,  and  for  a  long  time  a  coun 
cillor  of  said  town. 

JLefebvre,  Ouillaume,  Waterloo,  P. 
Q.,  was  born  at  Laurenceville,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  on  the  19th  of  February, 
1856.  He  was  educated  at  the  Knowlton 
academy,  afterwards  taking  a  course  at 
Bryant  &  Stratton's  business  college,  in 
Montreal.  He  was  in  the  lumber  trade  from 
1^73  to  1877,  with  his  brother,  Joseph  H. 
Lefebvre,  and  then  bought  him  out.  His 
business  as  lumber  dealer  and  furniture 
manufacturer,  at  Waterloo,  Quebec  province, 
has  continued  to  increase,  and  is  now  in  a 
most  prosperous  condition,  employing  a 
large  number  of  hands.  He  was  married  on 
the  16th  of  June,  1885,  to  Alphonsine  May- 
nard,  of  St.  John's,  Quebec,  and  they  have 
one  child. 


722 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Mcllwraitli,  Thomas,  Hamilton,  On- 
tario, Coal  Merchant,  and  the  leading  Or- 
nithologist in  Canada,  was  born  in  Newton, 
Ayr,  Scotland,  on  the  25th  of  December, 
1824.  He  received  an  ordinary  education 
at  the  schools  there,  and  early  in  1846  went 
to  reside  in  Edinburgh,  where  he  remained 
till  about  the  close  of  1848.  Returning  at 
that  time  to  his  native  town,  he  remained 
there  till  the  latter  part  of  1853,  when  he 
arranged  to  come  to  Hamilton,  Canada,  to 
superintend  the  gas  works  of  that  city.  In 
October  of  that  year  he  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Bailie  Hugh  Park,  a  friend  of 
his  school  days,  and  he  and  his  bride  land- 
ed in  Hamilton,  on  the  9th  November,  1853, 
at  a  point  very  near  the  property  he  has 
since  purchased,  and  where  he  now  resides 
with  his  family.  He  remained  in  the  posi- 
tion of  manager  of  the  gas  works  till  1871, 
when  he  bought  the  Commercial  Wharf, 
with  the  coal  and  forwarding  business  then 
being  carried  on  by  John  Procton,  and  has 
since  continued  to  carry  on  this  business  in 
the  same  premises.  He  has  been  successful 
in  business,  and  has  brought  up  four  sons 
and  three  daughters,  the  youngest  of  the 
family,  K.  C.  Mcllwraith,  who  partakes 
largely  of  his  father's  love  of  nature,  being 
now  attending  the  University  in  Toronto.  In 
politics  Mr.  Mcllwraith  has  always  been  a 
Liberal,  but  he  has  never  taken  an  active 
part  in  political  contests.  Since  attaining 
manhood  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church.  He  has  held  many  promi- 
nent positions  in  the  directorate  of  banks, 
insurance  companies,  etc.,  and  was  for  many 
years  president  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute, 
and  in  1878  represented  the  ward  in  which 
he  resides  in  the  city  council.  But  it  is  as 
a  naturalist  that  he  is  best  known  in  Can- 
ada. Possessing  from  early  childhood  a 
strong  love  of  nature  in  all  its  forms,  the 
insects,  plants,  and  specially  the  birds  of 
Scotland  were  familiar  to  him  at  an  early 
age.  His  first  summer  in  Canada  was 
therefore  to  him  the  entrance  to  a  new 
world.  The  liberty  of  roaming  at  will 
through  the  woods  without  such  restraints 
as  exist  in  older  lands;  the  new  and  varied 
forms  of  plant  and  bird  life  which  he  met 
were  a  continual  source  of  delight,  and  made 
an  impression  which  time  has  not  been 
able  to  efface.  His  attention  was  now  spe- 
cially directed  to  the  birds,  and  there  being 
no  published  books  to  serve  as  guides  to  the 
identifying  of  the  species  he  might  find 


here,  he  prepared  a  paper  on  the  subject, 
with  a  list  of  such  birds  as  he  had  obtained, 
and  read  it  before  the  Hamilton  Association, 
which  was  organized  about  that  time  for  the 
study  of  scientific  subjects.  The  list  ap- 
peared in  the  Canadian  Journal  for  July, 
1860,  and  the  paper  in  the  same  journal  in 
January,  1861 ;  they  attracted  the  attention 
of  ornithologists  in  the  United  States,  and  in 
1865  he  prepared,  by  request,  an  extended 
list  of  birds  observed  near  Hamilton,  which 
list  appeared  in  the  proceedings  of  the  Essex 
Institute  for  1866.  During  the  years  that 
succeeded  the  study  still  occupied  many  of 
his  spare  hours,  and  was  the  subject  of  oc- 
casional notes  to  the  magazines.  In  1883 
he  attended  by  invitation  a  meeting  of  the 
leading  ornithologists  of  the  United  States. 
This  meeting,  which  was  held  in  the  library 
of  the  Central  Park  Museum,  New  York, 
was  called  to  consider  and  revise  the  clas- 
sification and  nomenclature  of  American 
birds,  resulted  in  the  organization  of  the 
now  well-known  American  Ornithologist 
Union,  of  which  he  had  thus  the  honor  of 
being  one  of  the  founders.  In  this  connec- 
tion he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
district  of  Ontario  for  the  migration  com- 
mittee of  the  union,  and  did  considerable 
work  in  appointing  observers  throughout 
Ontario  to  note  the  arrival  and  departure  of 
the  migratory  birds.  There  being  still  a 
want  of  a  suitable  text  book  for  beginners 
in  the  study  of  ornithology,  he  was  urged 
by  many  to  give  the  public  the  benefit  of 
his  knowledge  on  this  subject.  This  he  did 
in  a  book  of  300  pages,  in  which  upwards 
of  300  species  of  birds,  with  their  nests, 
eggs,  etc.,  are  minutely  and  correctly  de- 
scribed, the  MS.  of  which  he  presented  to 
the  Hamilton  Association.  Sir  William 
Dawson  has  highly  spoken  of  it,  and  Dr.  S. 
P.  May,  superintendent  of  Mechanics'  In- 
stitutes and  Art  Schools  for  Ontario,  says: 
— "  I  have  carefully  examined  the  '  Birds  of 
Ontario,'  by  Mr.  Mcllwraith,  superintendent 
of  the  district  of  Ontario  for  the  migration 
committee  of  the  American  Ornithologist 
Union.  It  contains  a  most  graphic  descrip- 
tion of  Canadian  birds,  their  habits,  nests 
and  eggs,  and  distribution,  and  will  be  of 
valuable  assistance  to  persons  interested  in 
the  study  of  natural  history.  I  may  mention 
that,  as  an  ornithologist,  I  have  frequently 
been  associated  with  Mr.  Mcllwraith  during 
the  past  twenty-five  years,  and  I  consider 
him  to  be  one  of  the  most  practical  and  best 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


723 


authorities  on  Canadian  birds  on  this  conti- 
nent. The  book  should  be  in  every  me- 
chanics' institute  and  public  library  in  this 
country,  and  I  have  great  pleasure  in  recom- 
mending it  for  that  purpose."  Mr.  Mcll- 
wraith's  strong  love  of  the  subject  led  him 
at  an  early  date  to  preserve  and  mount  his 
own  specimens.  His  thorough  knowledge 
of  the  attitudes  of  the  birds  when  in  life 
enabled  him  to  do  this  most  successfully, 
and  he  has  now  one  of  the  largest,  if  not 
the  largest,  and  best  prepared  private  col- 
lections in  the  Dominion.  And  what  is 
more,  he  is  always  pleased  to  show  it  to 
those  interested.  He  has  confined  his  atten- 
tion chiefly  to  birds  of  Britain  and  America, 
but  has  also  a  few  from  the  far  off  islands 
of  the  sea. 

Fi§ke,  Edward,  Lumber  Merchant, 
Joliette,  Quebec,  was  born  at  Abbotsford, 
Quebec  province,  on  the  5th  September, 
1841.  His  parents  were  Ebenezer  Fiskeand 
Eliza  Bradford.  He  was  educated  in  his 
native  place,  and  received  a  sound  commer- 
cial education.  Adopting  commerce  as  a 
profession,  he  was  very  successful,  and  is 
now  possessed  of  large  means.  He  holds 
land  property  in  Montreal  and  St.  Jerome, 
and  at  the  latter  place  has  a  hardware  store, 
conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Treffle, 
Cote  &  Co.,  and  in  which  a  paying  business 
is  done.  He  is  also  owner  of  two  saw  mills 
in  which  a  large  quantity  of  lumber  is  ship- 
ped to  the  Montreal  and  other  markets  in 
Canada.  In  Joliette  he  has  erected  a  hand- 
some block  of  buildings,  known  as  the 
"  Fiske  Block,"  and  this  has  turned  out  a 
good  investment.  In  short  Mr.  Fiske  may 
be  classed  among  what  some  people  call 
the  "  lucky  ones,"  but  we  are  rather  inclined 
to  the  belief  that  his  luck  has  come  from 
close  attention  to  business,  and  making  the 
most  of  favorable  circumstances  as  they  pre- 
sented themselves,  rather  than  from  what 
he  could  not  control.  He  went  to  Montreal 
in  1860,  and  was  employed  in  a  wholesale 
hardware  store  until  1865,  and  from  there 
he  went  into  the  cotton  business  in  Georgia 
and  Florida  for  two  years,  and  then  return- 
ed to  New  York  state,  where  he  continued 
business,  and  remained  until  1869,  and 
since  then  at  Joliette.  Last  year  ( 1887  )  Mr. 
Fiske  crossed  the  Atlantic,  and  visited  Glas- 
gow, London,  Belgium,  Germany,  Switzer- 
land, France,  etc. ;  during  those  travels  he 
was  very  observant,  and  picked  up  a  store 
of  useful  information.  On  the  2nd  October 


1867,  he  was  married  to  Emma  E.  S.  Elliott, 
daughter  of  John  Elliott,  wholesale  grocer, 
Montreal. 

Barry,  Denis  B.C.L.,  Barrister,  of 
Montreal,  takes  rank  among  the  most  dis- 
tinguished Irishmen  of  Canada.  Born  in 
the  city  of  Cork  in  the  year  1835,  he,  early 
in  life,  emigrated  from  Ireland  to  America 
with  his  father,  James  Barry,  who  is  still 
living  at  Rockwood,  Ont.  The  Barry  family 
is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  south  of  Ireland, 
and  has  furnished  many  brave  and  able  men 
to  the  army  and  navy,  the  bench  and  the 
bar,  and  the  other  liberal  professions  of  the 
United  Kingdom.  The  father  of  the  Ameri- 
can navy,  Commodore  Jack  Barry,  belonged 
to  that  branch  of  the  Barry  family  from 
vhich  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  descended. 
His  mother,  Hannah  Kelleher,  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  Captain  Kelleher,  who  served  with 
distinction  in  the  service  of  the  Hon.  East 
India  Company.  Mr.  Barry  began  his  edu- 
cation at  the  common  school  and  continued 
his  studies  at  Rockwood  Academy.  Sub- 
sequently he  went  through  a  classical 
course  at  Regiopolis  College,  Kingston,  Ont. 
Studied  theology  for  some  time  at  the 
Grand  Seminary  and  at  Laval  Univer- 
sity, and  law  at  McGill  University,  where 
he  graduated  as  B.C.L.  Entered  the  vol- 
unteer service  of  Canada  as  lieutenant 
in  the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Company,  Montreal, 
M.  W.  Kirwan,  captain,  in  1877;  was  pro- 
moted to  the  captaincy  of  the  same  com- 
pany and  remained  in  command  thereof 
till  the  corps  was  merged  in  the  85th  bat- 
talion, when  he  retired,  went  through  the 
Military  School,  Montreal,  and  obtained 
the  certificate  that  entitled  him  to  his  rank. 
Is  now  joint  fire  commissioner  for  the  city 
of  Montreal.  Has  been  president  of  St.  Pa- 
trick's Society  of  Montreal,  for  four  years 
consecutively.  *  Is  past-president  of  the 
Young  Men's  Reform  Club  of  Montreal.  Has 
taken  an  active  part  in  political  contests, 
both  provincial  and  federal ;  also  in  munici- 
pal affairs,  having  been  an  unsuccessful  can- 
didate for  alderman  in  St.  Ann's  Ward,  Mont- 
real, in  1882.  Mr.  Barry  is  of  the  same  faith 
as  his  forefathers — a  Roman  Catholic — 
and  has  never  changed  his  religious  views. 
Mr.  Barry  had  experience  of  backwoods  life 
as  a  settler  on  a  free  grant  farm  on  the  Hast- 
ings road  in  1856,  at  that  time  one  of  the 
wildest  parts  of  Upper  Canada,  but  now  a 
beautiful  and  prosperous  region.  He  also 
engaged  in  the  lumbering  business  for  some 


724 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


time  on  the  York  branch  of  the  Madawaska 
river,  Ontario ;  subsequently  he  was  engaged 
in  the  crown  lands  office,  on  the  Opeongo 
road,  with  Mr.  T.  P.  French,  now  post- 
office  inspector,  Ottawa  district.  Since  his 
adoption  of  the  profession  of  the  law,  Mr. 
Barry  has  resided  at  Montreal,  where  he  has 
achieved  a  very  high  position.  He  is  par- 
ticularly noted  as  a  nisi  prius  practitioner, 
and  has  conducted  a  large  number  of  famous 
cases  successfully.  As  a  speaker,  Mr.  Barry 
is  not  surpassed  at  a  bar  distinguished  for 
the  oratorical  abilities  of  its  members,  while, 
in  his  addresses  before  popular  audiences, 
he  comes  up  to  the  best  standard  of  the 
times.  Personally,  the  writer  of  this  sketch 
can  bear  testimony,  he  is  one  of  the  most 
genial  and  kind-hearted  of  men.  Ever  fore- 
most in  all  good  works,  and  as  the  champion 
of  his  less  fortunate  countrymen,  Mr.  Barry 
is  endeared  to  all  who  know  him,  and  beloved 
in  all  the  relations  of  home  and  friendship. 
He  married,  in  1869,  Kathleen,  daughter  of 
the  late  Michael  Morgan,  merchant,  of  Sorel, 
P.Q.,  a  lady  distinguished  as  much  for  am- 
iability and  goodness  as  for  her  charming 
personality.  The  union  has  been  blest  with 
a  large  family. 

Pettit,  Rev.  €harle§  Biggar,  M.A., 
Rector  of  Cornwall,  was  born  at  Grimsby, 
Ontario,  in  1827.  His  father,  Andrew  Pet- 
tit,  was  an  honest  and  successful  farmer,  a 
leading  churchman  and  a  tory  of  the  old 
school.  His  grandfather  was  a  United  Em- 
pire loyalist,  and  one  of  the  first  settlers  in 
the  township  of  Grimsby.  He  was  educated 
at  King's  College,  Toronto,  graduated  at 
McGill  College,  Montreal,  and  was  ordain- 
ed from  the  Diocesan  Theological  Institu- 
tion, Cobourg,  by  the  first  bishop  of  To- 
ronto. His  first  mission  was  that  vast  field 
lying  between  Guelph  and  the  northern 
shores  of  Lake  Huron — then  almost  a  dense 
wilderness,  now  thickly  settled  and  studded 
with  churches.  In  1852  he  was  admitted 
to  priest's  orders,  and  appointed  to  Burford, 
in  the  county  of  Brant.  In  1855  he  was 
presented  to  the  rectory  of  Eichmond,  in 
the  county  of  Carleton,  where  he  ministered 
for  more  than  twenty-two  years,  and  where 
he  took  an  active  part  in  the  educational 
work  of  the  county,  and  with  what  success 
an  address  presented  to  him  in  1877  by  one 
hundred  and  four  leading  men  of  the  city 
of  Ottawa  and  of  the  county  of  Carleton, 
accompanied  by  a  large  purse,  only  slightly 
indicates.  In  1877  he  was  presented  to  the 


rectory  of  Cornwall,  and  also  to  a  canonry 
in  St.  George's  Cathedral,  Kingston,  and 
shortly  after  appointed  rural  dean  of  Stor- 
mont.  The  most  interesting  event  to  the 
public  in  his  parochial  career  at  Cornwall 
was  the  consecration  of  the  Bishop  Strachan 
Memorial  Church,  which  partook  of  a  state 
ceremony  and  was  attended  by  his  Honor  J. 
B.  Robinson,  lieutenant-governor,  who  read 
the  mandate;  by  the  Hon.  George  A.  Kirk- 
patrick,  speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons; 
by  the  clergy  of  the  town,  by  the  judges, 
the  sheriff,  the  mayor  and  members  of  the 
town  council,  and  by  a  very  large  number 
of  parishioners.  In  1852  he  married  Helen 
Clara,  only  daughter  of  the  late  Colonel 
Thomas  Parker,  of  Belleville,  by  whom  he 
has  three  sons  and  five  daughters. 

Dunbar,  James,  Q.C.,  Quebec,  is  one 
of  the  leading  members  of  the  Quebec  bar, 
at  which  he  has  been  a  successful  practi- 
tioner for  upwards  of  thirty  years.  As  his 
name  indicates,  he  is  of  Scottish  extraction. 
His  father,  the  late  Ferguson  Dunbar,  was 
paymaster  of  the  74th  Highlanders,  and 
married  while  serving  with  his  regiment 
in  Ireland,  where  our  subject  was  born 
in  the  year  1833.  Educated  in  the  Gos- 
port  Naval  Academy,  and  other  well-known 
schools  of  the  United  Kingdom  and  at  the 
Quebec  High  School,  Mr.  Dunbar  turn- 
ed his  attention  early  in  life  to  journalism, 
and  for  a  time  was  editor  of  the  Quebec 
Morning  Chronicle,  then  the  leading  daily 
of  the  ancient  capital.  The  period  was  one 
of  great  political  excitement  in  Canada. 
The  public  mind  was  agitated  by  questions 
of  such  burning  importance  as  the  seculari- 
zation of  the  clergy  reserves,  and  the  aboli- 
tion of  the  seigniorial  tenure  in  Lower 
Canada.  As  a  journalist  at  the  head  of 
one  of  the  chief  newspapers  of  the  day, 
Mr.  Dunbar  not  only  distinguished  himself 
as  a  terse,  critical  and  vigorous  writer,  but 
as  such  did  much  to  shape  the  course  of 
events  and  of  legislation.  He  always,  how- 
ever, evinced  a  taste  for  the  law,  and  after 
occupying  the  editorial  chair  of  the  Chron- 
icle with  marked  success  for  about  five  years 
he  gave  up  newspaper  life  to  devote  him- 
self to  the  study  of  Blackstone  and  Pothier. 
In  his  new  profession  he  made  rapid  head- 
way under  the  tuition  of  the  late  Mr.  Secre- 
tan,  a  well-known  practitioner  at  Quebec, 
and  at  the  age  of  twenty -two  was  duly  called 
to  the  Lower  Canada  bar,  when  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  Mr.  Secretan,  which  sub- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


725 


sisted  until  the  latter' s  death.  Thenceforward 
his  success  was  assured,  but  it  was  not  won 
in  a  day.  Gradually  the  talented  and  ener- 
getic young  lawyer  worked  his  way,  not 
only  in  public  estimation,  but  into  the  front 
ranks  of  the  profession,  and  in  1873,  simul- 
taneously with  his  commission  from  Eng- 
land as  registrar  of  the  Vice-Admiralty 
Court  at  Quebec,  he  received  from  the  Do- 
minion government  one  of  the  great  objects 
of  professional  ambition,  the  sUk  gown  of  a 
Queen's  counsel,  in  recognition  of  his  abili- 
ties and  standing  at  the  bar.  These  were 
further  acknowledged  in  1878  by  his  ap- 
pointment as  Crown  prosecutor  foi  the  dis- 
trict of  Quebec.  In  this  prominent  and  re- 
sponsible position,  which  he  filled  with  gen- 
eral acceptance  down  to  1887,  he  distin- 
guished himself  as  much  by  his  humanity 
as  by  his  ability,  and  his  name  remains  hon- 
orably connected  with  the  administration 
of  criminal  justice  in  Quebec,  and  with  all 
the  cases  of  importance  which  were  tried 
before  the  courts  of  the  ancient  capital  dur- 
ing a  period  of  nine  years.  Always  con- 
spicuous for  his  sound  judgment,  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  law  and  keen  perception 
of  the  intricacies  of  the  case,  his  manner 
of  examining  witnesses  was  especially  admi- 
rable, his  questions  being  always  to  the 
point  and  put  in  such  a  way  as  to  bring  out 
the  needed  answer  even  from  the  most  re- 
luctant witness  in  the  box,  while  his  ad- 
dresses to  the  jury  were  always  clear,  pre- 
cise and  remarkable  not  only  for  their  logic 
but  for  their  skill  in  sifting  and  summariz- 
ing evidence.  He  is  a  good  speaker,  his 
manner  being  pleasing  but  forcible,  and  his 
deportment  always  gentlemanly.  As  an  ex- 
ponent of  maritime  law  he  is  admitted  to  have 
few  equals  at  the  bar  of  Canada.  In  1875  his 
colleagues  of  the  Quebec  bar  paid  him  the 
compliment  of  electing  him  their  bdtonnier, 
and  he  has  been  for  some  years  chairman  of 
the  board  of  examiners  of  law  students.  A 
churchman  of  broad  views,  he  has  been  a 
delegate  to  the  diocesan  and  provincial 
synods  of  the  Church  of  England,  in  which 
capacity  he  has  always  maintained  his  own. 
His  masonic  record  is  prominent.  He  has 
filled  all  the  principal  offices  of  the  craft  in 
the  Blue  lodge,  and  is  now  a  past  grand 
principal  of  the  Grand  Chapter  of  Royal 
Arch  Masons  of  Canada,  and  past  grand 
master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Quebec.  In 
1862  he  married  Emma  Amelia,  daughter  of 
James  Poole,  jr.,  of  the  Commissariat  de- 


partment, Montreal,  and  by  her  has  had  is- 
sue a  son  (who  is  now  also  a  Quebec  barris- 
ter and  LL.M.  of  Laval  University ),  and  two 
daughters.  Mr  Dunbar  is  an  indefatigable 
worker,  estimable  as  a  citizen  and  agreeable 
and  cordial  in  manner.  He  has  never  en- 
tered public  life,  but  his  politics  are  under- 
stood to  be  moderate  Conservative. 

IHeek,  Edward,  Barrister,  Toronto, 
was  born  in  the  village  of  Port  Stanley,  On- 
tario, on  the  27th  December,  1845.  His 
father,  James  Meek,  came  to  Canada  at  the 
early  age  of  thr^e  years  with  his  parents, 
in  1817,  from  Bally mena,  North  of  Ireland, 
and  they  settled  in  the  same  year  in  Tal- 
bot  district,  and  took  up  a  large  tract  of 
land  near  Port  Stanley,  being  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  of  that  part  of  the  country. 
At  the  time  of  Edward's  birth  his  father 
was  conducting  a  foundry,  which  he  carried 
on  successfully  for  a  number  of  years;  but 
owing  to  a  disastrous  conflagration,  which 
destroyed  the  whole  of  the  extensive  estab- 
lishment, he  returned  to  his  farm  again, 
on  which  he  has  remained  till  the  present 
time.  Edward  received  his  early  educa- 
tion at  the  Port  Stanley  school,  and  after- 
wards at  the  Grammar  School,  St.  Thomas. 
After  leaving  school,  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen, he  was  granted  a  certificate  to  teach, 
which  occupation  he  followed  for  three 
years.  He  then  accepted  a  position  as 
bookkeeper  in  a  grain  warehouse,  at  which 
he  continued  for  a  short  time  only  ;  but 
thinking  a  short  journey  among  strangers 
would  improve  his  prospects,  he  went  to 
Boston  and  engaged  with  the  publishing 
house  of  a  prominent  firm  there.  After  a 
short  sojourn  he  returned  to  London,  On- 
tario, and  there  commenced  the  study  of  law. 
In  1873  he  removed  to  Toronto,  where  he 
continued  his  studies  and  finished  his  law 
course  in  the  office  of  Harrison,  Osier  and 
Moss,  three  gentlemen  who  afterwards  be- 
came distinguished  judges.  He  was  called 
to  the  bar  of  Ontario  in  the  spring  of  1874, 
and  he  then  formed  a  partnership  with  the 
Hon.  John  O'Donohoe,  which  continued  for 
three  years,  when  it  was  dissolved.  He 
then  opened  an  office  of  his  own  until  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  William  Norris, 
of  Woodstock,  which  lasted  till  Mr.  Norris 
returned  to  Woodstock.  In  1877  he  com- 
menced to  take  an  active  part  in  the  politics 
of  the  country,  and  especially  in  the  pro- 
motion of  the  national  policy :  in  fact  he 
was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  word, 


726 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


and  travelled  over  Ontario  assisting  in  the 
formation  of  political  organizations  to  en- 
able the  government  to  carry  their  nation- 
al policy  to  a  successful  issue.  He  con- 
tinued from  that  time  to  take  an  active  part 
as  one  of  the  leading  political  writers  and 
speakers  on  the  platform  until  the  winter  of 
1884,  when  he  and  a  number  of  other  poli- 
ticians conceived  the  idea  of  forming  a  coal- 
ition government  for  the  province  of  On- 
tario, their  object  being  to  do  away  with 
partyism  in  the  local  legislature.  Others 
were  brought  into  the  scheme  who  were 
impatient  of  the  slow  method  of  bringing 
about  the  change  by  argument,  and  thought 
that  a  sufficient  number  of  the  members  of 
the  legislature  could  be  secured  by  offers 
and  promises  to  at  once  defeat  the  Mowat 
government,  when  the  coalition  could  be 
immediately  formed  during  the  spring  ses- 
sion of  1884.  The  plans  were  disapproved 
of  by  the  originators  of  the  idea,  but  the 
hot  heads  could  not  be  kept  under  control, 
and  the  public  know  the  result  of  the  un- 
fortunate conspiracy  case  which  sprung 
from  it,  involving  those  more  actively  con- 
cerned in  the  long  and  tedious  investigation 
and  prosecution  before  a  Royal  commission 
and  in  the  criminal  courts.  The  Royal 
commission  brought  in  a  divided  report, 
which  the  house  never  acted  upon.  The 
verdict  of  the  jury  in  the  criminal  court,  in 
the  trial  of  May,  1885,  acquitted  the  ac- 
cused. Since  that  time  Mr.  Meek  has  de- 
voted himself  strictly  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Toronto,  and  the  promotion 
and  formation  of  joint  stock  and  other  com- 
panies. Mr.  Meek  was  joined  in  marriage 
on  the  30th  June,  1873,  to  Anna  Margaret 
McBride,  daughter  of  Samuel  McBride,  of 
London,  Ontario,  by  which  union  they  have 
issue  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  Mr.  Meek 
and  family  are  members  of  the  Church  of 
England.  * 

Smitli,  Andrew,  F.R.C.V.S.  (Eng.), 
Principal  of  the  Ontario  Veterinary  College, 
Toronto,  is  a  native  of  the  "  Land  o'  Burns," 
having  been  born  in  Ayrshire,  Scotland.  He 
received  his  early  educational  training  in 
Dalrymple,  his  native  parish,  and  going  to 
Edinburgh,  entered  the  Veterinary  College 
of  that  city,  where  he  passed  a  brilliant 
course  of  study,  carrying  off  the  highest 
honors,  and  five  medals.  He  graduated  in 
1861,  and  after  coming  to  Canada  settled 
in  Toronto,  where  he  has  since  led  a  busy 
ptofessional  life.  He  is  the  founder  and 


principal  of  the  Ontario  Veterinary  College, 
Toronto,  and  consulting  veterinary  surgeon 
of  the  Board  of  Agriculture  of  Ontario.  For 
three  years  Professor  Smith  occupied  the 
position  of  president  of  the  Caledonian  So- 
ciety of  Toronto  ;  was  worshipful  master  of 
St.  Andrew's  lodge  of  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  during 
the  year  1874-5,  and  is  a  director  of  the 
Industrial  Exhibition  of  Toronto.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  executive  committee 
of  j  the  Toronto  Jockey  Club,  and  master  of 
the  Toronto  hunt.  In  religion  Mr.  Smith 
is  a  Presbyterian. 

Guy,  Michel  Patrice,  Notary  Public, 
Montreal,  was  born  at  Montreal  on  the  18th 
May,  1809.  He  is  a  son  of  Etienne  Guy 
and  Catherine  Vale'e.  The  Guy  family  is 
probably  the  oldest  family  in  the  Dominion, 
being  descended  from  the  French  Count, 
Guy  de  Montfort,  a  general  in  King 
Charles'  army  of  France,  and  close  relation 
to  the  king.  The  first  of  the  family  to 
leave  France  was  Pierre  Guy,  who  came  to 
Canada  at  the  commencement  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  and  married  Madame  de  la 
Lande  in  November,  1723.  He  entered  the 
army  as  an  ensign,  under  M.  de  Beauhar- 
nois,  who  had  succeeded  de  Vaudreuil  in  the 
goverment  of  New  France,  where  he  served 
with  great  distinction.  He  advanced  rapidly, 
being  made  captain  in  1748,  and  greatly 
distinguished  himself  at  Louisburg.  He 
died  April,  1 748.  Pierre  Guy,  his  eldest  son 
was  born  at  Ville-Marie  (Montreal,)  llth  De- 
cember, 1738,  and  educated  at  the  Jesuits' 
College  and  the  Petit  Seminaire  de  Quebec. 
Having  a  great  aptitude  for  science,  he  was 
sent  to  France  to  complete  his  course;  when 
he  returned  to  Canada,  war  was  then  going 
on  with  England.  He  entered  the  army  un- 
der General  de  Montcalm,  and  took  part  at 
Oswego  and  Fort  William  Henry  in  the  ser- 
ies of  brilliant  victories  which  should  always 
render  his  name  dear  to  Canadians.  He  also 
took  part  in  the  battles  of  Carillon  and 
Montmorency,  where  he  was  greatly  praised 
for  his  martial  ardor  and  bravery.  He  was 
also  at  the  battle  of  the  Plains  of  Abraham, 
which  was  fatal  to  the  French.  He  return- 
ed to  France  after  the  capitulation  of  Mon- 
treal, where  he  remained  until  1764,  when 
he  returned  to  Canada.  After  some  time  he 
again  took  up  the  sword  against  General 
Montgomery.  He  was  made  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  militia,  and  a  few  years  after- 
wards, in  1802,  was  made  colonel.  He 
died  in  January,  1812.  Pierre  was  buried 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


727 


•with  military  honors  by  the  militia  as  well  as 
by  the  49th  regiment,  which  was  then  gar- 
risoned in  Montreal.  Louis  Guy  was  born 
on  the  28th  June,  1768,  studied  law,  and 
obtained  from  Sir  Bobert  Shore  Milnes  a 
commission  as  notary  in  1801.  In  recog- 
nition of  past  services,  Lord  Aylmer  nam- 
ed him  notary  to  his  Majesty  (Royal  notary ) 
in  1830,  a  position  now  abolished.  When 
the  second  American  invasion  came,  he  took 
arms  against  the  enemy.  He  was  then  major 
of  the  5th  battalion  of  militia,  and  as  a  re- 
compense for  his  great  military  services,  Sir 
James  Kempt  appointed  him  colonel  of  the 
militia  for  the  county  of  Montreal.  On  the 
23rd  February,  1837,  through  the  repre- 
sentations of  Sir  James  Kempt,  William 
IV.  summoned  him  to  the  Council.  He 
was  most  intimate  with  Lord  Aylmer,  who 
often  spent  days  with  him  at  his  house, 
which  was  surrounded  with  the  largest  gar- 
dens then  in  Montreal.  He  died  at  Mont- 
real in  February,  1840.  Hippolyte  Guy, 
son  of  the  Hon.  F.  Guy  and  Darne  J.  Curot, 
was  born  in  Montreal  on  the  3rd  July,  1800, 
and  was  educated  for  the  law.  He  held  a 
great  reputation  as  a  jurisconsult,  and  was 
made  judge  of  the  Superior  Court.  Louis 
Guy,  eldest  brother  of  the  above,  entered 
the  British  army  as  lieutenant  in  the  81st 
regiment  of  the  line.  This  command  was 
given  him  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington, 
in  consideration  of  his  bravery  at  Chateau- 
guay,  where,  as  captain  of  the  Voltigeurs, 
he  commanded  the  advance  posts.  Years 
before  entering  the  British  army  he  served 
in  France  in  the  body  guards  of  Charles  X. 
During  some  time  he  was  made  deputy  ad- 
jutant-general of  the  militia  of  Lower  Can- 
ada, in  conjunction  with  the  Hon.  Juchereau 
Duchesnay.  This  charge  being  abolished, 
he  was  recalled  to  his  regiment,  then  garri- 
soned at  Trinidad,  in  the  West  Indies.  He 
was  hardly  returned  when  he  was  attacked 
with  yellow  fever,  and  died  on  the  island  of 
St.  Kitts,  on  27th  March,  1841.  He  had 
served  with  great  distinction  in  Spain  and 
Malta,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  held 
the  rank  of  major.  The  officers  of  his  regi- 
ment erected  a  large  monument  to  his  mem- 
ory. His  eldest  sister  married  Colonel  de 
Salaberry.  Michel  Patrice  Guy  was  edu- 
cated at  Montreal  College,  where  he  receiv- 
ed a  classical  education,  and  afterwards 
studied  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  prac- 
tice of  the  notarial  profession  on  the  5th 
May,  1831.  He  became  lieutenant -colonel 


in  the  10th  battalion  Montreal  militia  during 
the  troubles  of  1837.  He  was  one  of  the 
promoters  of  the  Montreal  wharves,  and  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Montreal  College.  A 
street,  extending  over  a  mile  in  length,  run- 
ning through  the  breadth  of  the  city  of 
Montreal  was  named  after  him,  and  is  now 
known  as  Guy  street.  Mr.  Guy  was  seri- 
ously wounded  during  the  Gavazzi  riots  in 
Montreal.  He  was  standing  some  distance 
away  from  the  rioters  when  he  was  struck  by 
a  ball  in  the  leg,  and  it  was  a  question  of 
life  or  death  with  him  for  a  long  while  after- 
wards, being  confined  in  his  bed  for  four- 
teen months.  Mr.  Guy  possesses  one  of 
the  finest  collections  of  old  family  parch- 
ments and  documents,  as  well  as  many  im- 
portant letters.  In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal, 
and  in  religion  a  member  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  church.  He  was  married  on  the 
19th  of  December,  1869,  to  Dame  Julie  F. 
Schiller,  sister  of  the  late  Charles  E.  Schil- 
ler, clerk  of  the  Crown.  His  two  sons,  E. 
C.  P.  and  G.  L.  H.  Guy,  are  the  only  re- 
maining members  of  the  family  in  Canada. 
Thompson,  David,  Northwest  Pion- 
eer Geographer. — The  late  Mr.  Thompson 
was  born  in  the  parish  of  St.  John,  West- 
minster, England,  the  30th  April,  1770. 
He  was  educated  at  the  "  Blue  Coat  School," 
London,  and  was  perhaps  for  a  short  time  a 
student  at  Oxford.  When  about  nineteen 
he  must  have  entered  the  service  of  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company,  as  in  October,  1789, 
his  journal  opens  at  the  company's  estab- 
lishment at  Cumberland  House.  An  account 
of  various  journeys  and  surveys  in  the 
Northwest  Territory  of  Canada  then  fol- 
lows to  May  23,  1797,  when  he  left  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  and  en- 
tered that  of  the  North- West  Company. 
After  a  number  of  explorations  he  started  on 
foot,  February  25,  1798,  with  a  dog-team  to 
connect  the  waters  of  the  Red  River  and  the 
Mississippi,  thence  over  to  Lake  Superior. 
On  April  27th  he  reached  Turtle  Lake,  from 
which  flows  "  Turtle  Brook,"  which  he  states 
to  be  the  source  of  the  Mississippi,  since  it 
is  from  here  that  the  river  takes  the  most 
direct  course  to  the  sea.  Thus  to  this  inde- 
fatigable, but  hitherto  almost  unknown, 
geographer,  belongs  the  honor  of  discover- 
ing the  head  waters  of  that  great  river.  The 
first  who  is  stated  to  have  travelled  through 
the  country  north  of  Red  Cedar  Lake  was 
J.  C.  Beltrami,  an  Italian  gentleman,  who 
accompanied  Major  Long's  expedition  as  far 


728 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


as  Pembina.  He  ascended  Bloody  (Red 
Lake)  River  to  Red  Lake,  and  from  thence 
followed  Thompson's  route  to  Turtle  Lake, 
whence  he  descended  the  Mississippi  to  its 
mouth.  This  was  in  the  summer  of  1823, 
nine  years  after  Thompson  had  recorded  his 
discoveries  on  his  map  of  the  North-West 
Territories  of  Canada  in  1813-14,  now  in 
possession  of  the  government  of  Ontario. 
On  May  10th  he  reached  Fond-du-Lac 
House,  two  miles  and  a  half  up  the  river 
from  Lake  Superior.  From  here  he  sur- 
veyed the  south  shore  of  Lake  Superior, 
arriving  at  the  Falls  of  Ste.  Marie  on  May 
28th.  After  several  journey «  in  the  interior, 
we  find  him  at  Isle  a  la  Crosse,  where  he 
was  married  June  10,  1799,  to  Charlotte 
Small,  a  young  girl  who  had  not  yet  entered 
her  fifteenth  year.  After  many  very  inter- 
esting explorations  he  re-surveyed  the  north- 
ern shore  of  Lake  Superior  in  August,  1812. 
Before  October  of  the  same  year  he  had  ar- 
rived at  Terrebonne,  in  Lower  Canada, 
where  he  took  up  his  residence  and  spent  the 
two  following  years  in  preparing  a  map  of 
Western  Canada  for  the  North- West  Com- 
pany, on  a  scale  of  about  fifteen  miles  to  an 
inch,  from  the  observations  he  had  made  and 
the  places  he  had  visited  during  the  pre- 
vious twenty  years.  From  1816  to  1826  he 
was  engaged  in  surveying  and  defining  the 
boundary  line,  on  the  part  of  Great  Britain, 
between  Canada  and  the  United  States.  In 
1834  he  surveyed  Lake  Francis.  In  1837 
he  made  a  survey  of  the  canoe  route  from 
Lake  Huron  to  the  Ottawa  river,  and  a  few 
years  later  he  made  a  survey  of  Lake  St. 
Peter.  His  last  years  were  spent  either  in 
Glengarry  county,  Ontario,  or  in  Longueuil, 
opposite  Montreal,  where  he  died  on  the 
16th  of  February,  1857,  at  the  age  of  nearly 
eighty-seven  years.  His  wife  survived  him 
by  only  about  three  months.  They  are  both 
buried*  in  the  Mount  Royal  Cemetery,  Mon- 
treal. He  died  in  extreme  poverty,  and  it 
was  due  to  the  kindness  of  some  of  his  old 
friends  that  he  received  a  Christian  burial. 
H.  H.  Bancroft,  who  has  collected  very 
many  interesting  details  about  the  old  travel- 
lers and  traders  in  the  west,  gives  the  fol- 
lowing account  of  his  personal  appearance: — 
"  David  Thompson  was  an  entirely  different 
order  of  man  from  the  orthodox  fur  trader. 
Tall  and  fine-looking,  of  sandy  complexion, 
with  large  features,  deep-set,  studious  eyes, 
high  forehead  and  broad  shoulders,  the  in- 
tellectual was  well  set  upon  the  physical. 


His  deeds  have  never  been  trumpeted  as 
those  of  some  of  the  others,  but  in  the  west  • 
ward  exploration  of  the  North-West  Com- 
pany no  man  performed  more  valuable  ser- 
vice or  estimated  his  achievements  more 
modestly." 

Davie,  George  Taylor,  Levis  and 
Quebec,  is  one  of  the  prominent  figures  in 
the  shipping  trade  of  the  port  of  Quebec, 
and  few  men  of  his  day  have  done  more  to 
promote  it,  as  well  as  to  lessen  the  perils 
incidental  to  the  navigation  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence. He  was  born  in  the  city  of  Quebec, 
in  the  year  1828.  His  parents  were  both 
English — his  father  being  the  late  Alison 
Davie,  master  mariner,  of  Yarmouth,  Eng- 
land, and  his  mother  Miss  Taylor,  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  George  Taylor,  of  Shields, 
who  came  to  Canada  in  1811,  establish- 
ing himself  at  Quebec,  and  was  for  many 
years  a  leading  ship-builder  at  that  port. 
In  1827,  Mr.  Taylor,  acting  under  instruc- 
tions from  the  Earl  of  Dalhousie,  then  gov- 
ernor-general of  Canada,  built  at  his  yard 
in  Quebec,  a  splendid  gun-brig  or  frigate 
named  the  King  fisher, to*  the  Imperial  naval 
service.  The  Quebec  Gazette  of  the  17th 
May,  1827,  reporting  the  launching  of  this 
vessel  three  days  previously,  and  the  cere- 
monial on  the  occasion,  referred  in  the  most 
commendatory  terms  to  the  beauty  of  its 
model,  and  to  Mr.  Taylor's  skill  and  enter- 
prise as  a  shipwright,  mentioning  also  the 
presentation  to  him,  by  the  governor- gene- 
ral, of  a  magnificent  silver  cup  as  a  memento 
of  the  event.  This  precious  souvenir,  which 
is  of  massive  silver,  and  valued  at  £40  ster- 
ling, bears  the  arms  of  the  Dalhousie  family 
and  a  suitable  inscription,  and  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  cover  the  handle  of  which  is 
formed  by  a  beautifully  chiselled  figure  of 
the  unicorn.  The  whole  is  encased  in  a 
handsome  mahogany  box,  and  preserved  as 
a  cherished  heirloom  in  the  family  of  Mr. 
Taylor's  descendants,  being  now  in  the  pos- 
session of  his  grandson,  G.  T.  Davie,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  The  Kingfisher, 
which  carried  eighteen  guns,  was  afterwards 
sent  to  England  under  the  command  of 
Captain  Rayside,  who  was,  later  on,  deputy 
harbor-master  at  Quebec,  and,  still  later, 
harbor-master  of  Montreal.  Mr.  Davie  was 
educated  at  Gale's  boarding  school,  at  St. 
Augustin,  some  twenty-five  miles  from  Que- 
bec, but  was  taken  early  from  school  to  learn 
the  trade  of  the  shipwright.  Arrived  at  the 
age  of  manhood,  he  went  into  the  shipbuild- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


729 


ing  business  on  his  own  account,  and  suc- 
cessfully built  a  large  number  of  ocean  ves- 
sels, as  well  as  river,  tug  and  passenger 
boats;  he  came  into  possession  of  the  patent 
slip  at  Levis,  opposite  Quebec,  on  the  death 
of  his  father,  who,  hi  1832,  first  introduced 
it,  which  bears  his  name,  and  which  has 
proved  of  such  immense  advantage  to  the 
shipping  trade  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  This 
valuable  convenience  he  still  runs  in  con- 
nection with  his  floating  docks  and  the 
wrecking  business,  in  which  he  has  been 
engaged  with  the  greatest  success  for  some 
years.  Indeed  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say 
that  Mr.  Davie's  improved  appliances  for 
raising  and  saving  wrecks,  and  his  skill  and 
enterprise  in  that  line,  have  been  the  means 
of  rescuing  millions  worth  of  property  from 
total  loss  in  the  river  and  gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, and  fairly  constitute  him  a  public 
benefactor.  Among  the  more  important 
property  of  this  kind  which  he  has  snatch- 
ed from  destruction  on  Anticosti,  St.  Pierre, 
Miquelon,  and  elsewhere,  may  be  mentioned 
the  steamships  Corean,  of  the  Allan  line, 
Vendolana,  Warwick,  River,  Ettrick,  Co- 
Una,  Douro,  Amaryllis,  Titania,  and  Lake 
Huron.  In  some  instances  the  salvages  of 
these  vessels  was  a  real  feat  of  skill  and 
daring  without  parallel  in  the  history  of  the 
wrecking  business  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  and 
Mr.  Davie  can  fairly  lay  claim  to  the  title  of 
the  most  successful  of  Canadian  wreckers. 
The  first  vessel  to  be  docked  and  repaired 
in  the  new  graving  dock  was  the  s.  s.  Ti- 
tania, which  Mr.  Davie  had  successfully 
hauled  off  Anticosti,  where  it  would  have 
been  otherwise  doomed  to  destruction,  hav- 
ing been  condemned  by  surveyors  and 
bought  from  underwriters  by  him,  The  exe- 
cution of  the  repairs  to  this  vessel,  also  by 
Mr.  Davie,  further  proved  that  work  of  this 
magnitude  can  now  be  done  as  well  in  Can- 
ada as  on  the  Clyde.  Indeed,  Mr.  Davie 
has  erected  at  the  Levis  graving  dock  re- 
pair shops,  as  complete  in  all  respects  as 
the  best  on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic, 
and  the  shipping  trade  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
has  been  thus  provided  with  an  important 
and  long  needed  facility  which  must  tend 
to  its  increase  and  prosperity.  In  other  re- 
spects, also,  Mr.  Davie  is  known  as  a  public- 
spirited  citizen.  He  has  served  for  about 
ten  years  hi  the  town  council  of  Levis  as 
the  representative  of  Lauzon  ward,  and  is  a 
large  employer  of  labor  on  that  side  of  the 
river.  On  the  3rd  of  September,  1860,  he 


married  Mary  Euphemia  Patton,  daughter 
of  the  late  Duncan  Patton,  of  Indian  Cove, 
in  his  day  one  of  the  great  lumber  mer- 
chants of  Quebec,  and  by  her  has  issue  a 
number  of  children,  who  are  still  in  their 
teens.  He  has  travelled  considerably  in 
Canada,  England,  and  the  United  States, 
but  always  on  business. 

Kenny,  Thomas  Edward,  M.P.  for 
the  County  of  Halifax,  N.S.,  was  born  in 
Halifax  city  on  the  12th  October,  1833.  He 
is  the  eldest  son  of  the  Hon.  Sir  Edward 
Kenny,  knight,  former  member  of  the 
Queen's  Privy  Council  for  Canada.  There 
were  two  young  Irishmen,  Thomas  and 
Edward  Kenny,  natives  of  county  Kerry, 
who  came  to  Halifax  in  1824,  and  there, 
four  years  later,  established  the  wholesale 
dry  goods  house  of  T.  &  E.  Kenny.  Sir 
Edward  Kenny  was  born  in  1800,  and  mar- 
ried, in  1832,  Anne,  daughter  of  Michael 
Forrestall.  He  and  his  wife  are  still  liv- 
ing in  green  old  age.  He  has  been  for 
sixty  years  a  leading  representative  of  the 
Catholics  in  Halifax,  having  been  mayor  of 
the  city,  twice  president  of  the  Charitable 
Irish  Society  (the  great  Irish  social  organi- 
zation of  Halifax),  a  director  of  the  Union 
Bank,  and  also  of  the  Merchants  Bank  of 
Halifax,  and  a  commissioner  for  signing 
provincial  notes.  He  satin  the  Legislative 
Council  for  twenty-six  years,  during  eleven 
of  which  he  was  president  of  that  body. 
Upon  the  forming  of  Sir  John  A.  Macdon- 
ald's  first  government  under  confederation, 
in  July,  1867,  Sir  Edward  Kenny  was  sworn 
in  a  privy  councillor,  and  appointed  receiver- 
general  in  the  ministry.  He  held  this  office 
until  October,  1869,  when  he  was  transfer- 
red to  the  presidency  of  the  privy  council. 
He  retired  from  the  cabinet  in  May,  1870, 
when  he  was  appointed  administrator  of  the 
government  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  creat- 
ed a  knight  by  her  Majesty  in  September, 
1872.  He  never  represented  a  constituency 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  but  sat  in  the 
Senate  from  1867  to  1870,  when  he  re- 
signed. During  all  these  years  he  and  his 
brother  Thomas  carried  on  the  dry  goods 
business,  and  on  retiring  from  its  manage- 
ment placed  it  in  the  hands  of  T.  E.  Kenny, 
under  whom  it  has  grown  and  prospered. 
Thomas  Kenny  built  himself  a  handsome 
residence  on  the  borders  of  Bedford  Basin, 
not  far  from  the  Duke  of  Kent's  classic 
lodge.  It  has  recently  been  sold  to  a  cor- 
poration for  the  use  of  the  ladies  of  the 


730 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  Spring  Gar- 
den road,  Halifax.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  educated  at  Stonyhurst  College,  the 
great  educational  institution  of  the  Jesuits 
in  England,  and  also  spent  some  time  at 
St.  Servais  College,  at  Liege,  in  Belgium. 
Having  finished  his  studies  and  his  travels 
for  that  time,  Mr.  Kenny  returned  to  Hali- 
fax, and  assumed  a  position  in  the  dry 
goods  business.  Of  late  years  he  has  been 
extensively  interested  in  shipbuilding,  which 
he  carried  on  in  the  counties  of  Kings, 
Hants,  Colchester,  Pictou  and  Cumberland. 
He  was  especially  interested  in  shipbuilding 
with  Alfred  Putnam,  of  Maitland,  the  popu- 
lar M.P.  of  Hants  county  In  1866  he  had 
built  in  England  the  iron  ship  Eskasoni,  of 
1,715  tons.  A  branch  of  the  firm'sbusiness 
is  carried  on  in  London,  England,  under 
the  management  of  F.  C.  Mahon.  In  dry 
goods  the  firm  does  an  extensive  wholesale 
trade  at  their  massive  granite  emporium  at 
the  corner  of  Granville  and  George  streets, 
Halifax,  employing  a  large  staff  of  clerks 
and  other  employes,  and  keeping  a  number 
of  travellers  on  the  circuit  in  the  maritime 
provinces.  Mr.  Kenny,  like  his  father,  is  a 
man  of  great  geniality,  wit  and  common - 
sense.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Chari- 
table Irish  Society,  and  is  president  of  the 
Merchants  Bank  of  Halifax,  the  bank  doing, 
perhaps,  the  largest  business  in  the  city,  ex- 
cepting the  Bank  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  has 
been  a  warm  friend  of  many  new  industries, 
having  taken  a  prominent  part  in  starting  the 
N.  S.  Cotton  Manufacturing  Co.,  of  which 
he  is  a  director,  as  well  as  a  large  stock- 
holder in  the  sugar  refinery.  When,  two 
years  ago,  there  was  a  disposition  on  the 
part  of  some  of  the  shareholders  to  sell  out 
the  refinery  and  wind  up  the  concern,  Mr. 
Kenny  took  an  active  part  in  organizing  a 
new  company,  and  was  instrumental  in  se- 
curing to  Halifax  the  advantages  of  this 
great  industry.  Mr  Kenny  is  a  director 
of  the  North  Sydney  Marine  Railway  Co. ; 
a  trustee  of  the  Western  Counties  Railway 
Co.;  and  a  member  of  the  Royal  Commis- 
sion on  Railways.  His  brother  and  busi- 
ness partner,  Edward  Kenny,  was  one  of 
those  Halifax  merchants  who  were  lost  in 
the  City  of  Boston,  the  Inman  liner,  which 
left  Halifax  in  the  early  part  of  1869,  and 
was  never  afterwards  heard  of.  Another  of 
the  family  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Jesus,  who  began  life  as  a  successful  lawyer, 
but  entered  the  priesthood.  The  youngest 


brother,  Jeremiah  F.  Kenny,  does  business 
in  Halifax  as  an  insurance  agent.  A  sister 
of  theirs  is  the  wife  of  M.  Bowes  Daly,  ex- 
M.P.  for  Halifax  county,  and  another  is 
mother  superior  of  the  Convent  of  the 
Sacred  Heart,  Halifax.  T.  E.  Kenny  was 
married  in  New  York,  on  the  2nd  of  Oc- 
tober, 1856,  to  Margaret  Jones,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  M.  Burke,  of  New  York.  He 
has  several  children  and  grandchildren. 
His  eldest  son,  Captain  Kenny,  was  an  offi- 
cer in  the  Halifax  battalion  which  served 
during  the  Northwest  rebellion  in  1885. 
Mr.  Kenny  resides  at  a  charming  residence, 
called  Thornvale,  on  the  banks  of  the  North- 
West  Arm,  about  three  miles  from  his  ware- 
house in  the  city,  and  it  is  a  lovely  spot 
in  summer,  having  abundant  facilities  for 
boating  and  bathing.  Here,  in  the  en- 
joyment of  every  beauty  of  wave  and  sky, 
surrounded  by  luxuries  of  every  descrip- 
tion, and  furnished  with  everything  that 
conduces  to  comfort  and  repose,  the  busy 
merchant  and  politician  takes  his  ease.  In 
the  role  of  politician  Mr.  Kenny,  through  the 
absorbing  nature  of  his  commercial  pur- 
suits, has  never  until  lately  taken  a  promi- 
nent position,  but  he  has  made  his  influence, 
though  silently,  none  the  less  powerfully 
felt  in  the  sphere  of  politics  for  many  years. 
He  has  repeatedly  been  offered  the  nomina- 
tion as  standard-bearer  in  the  House  of 
Commons  of  the  Halifax  Conservatives,  but, 
until  the  nomination  was  forced  upon  him, 
on  the  eve  of  the  general  election  of  Febru- 
ary, 1887,  never  accepted.  As  a  well-known 
Catholic  in  the  city,  his  approbation  of 
measures  affecting  his  co-religionists  has 
always  been  sought.  He  and  John  F.  Stairs 
were  the  government  candidates,  and  were 
opposed  by  such  well-known  and  experien- 
ced men  as  the  Hon.  A.  G.  Jones,  ex-minister 
of  militia,  and  H.  H.  Fuller.  The  vote  stood 
— Jones,  4,243  ;  Kenny,  4181,  defeating 
Stairs,  4,099  ;  Fuller,  4,098.  Thus  Messrs. 
Jones  and  Kenny  represent  Halifax  county. 
Mr.  Kenny  distinguished  himself  during  the 
campaign  by  his  unfailing  good  nature, 
cheery  Irish  wit  and  great  good  judgment. 
In  the  Commons  the  same  useful  qualities 
have  secured  for  him  general  respect  and 
esteem.  Although  getting  up  in  years,  Mr. 
Kenny  is  possessed  of  a  tall  form  and  com- 
manding presence,  and  enjoys  vigorous 
health.  He  has  probably  many  years  ahead 
of  him,  during  which  honors  and  emoluments 
will  be  heaped  upon  him.  Electors  voted 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


731 


for  Jones  and  Kenny  because,  according  to 
the  popular  cry,  they  were  the  best  men, 
quite  independently  of  their  political  lean- 
ings. Few,  if  any,  counties  in  the  Dominion 
are  better  represented  in  parliament  than 
Halifax,  N.S. 

Ro§e,  George  Maclean,  Printer  and 
Publisher,  Toronto.  A  writer  in  "  The  Scot 
in  British  North  America,"  says  that  Mr. 
Kose  "  has  been  so  long  and  prominently 
associated  with  the  development  of  Cana- 
dian literature  that  his  name  may  well  be 
introduced  in  this  connection.  He  was  born 
in  Wick,  Caithness-shire,  Scotland,  on  the 
14th  of  March,  1829,  and  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  in  the  office  of  the  John  O' Groat 
Journal.  A  year  after  he  had  attained  his 
majority  the  family  settled  in  Canada.  He 
entered  the  employ  of  the  late  John  0. 
Becket,  of  Montreal,  who  was  then  engaged 
in  the  publication  of  the  Montreal  Witness 
and  other  journals.  After  the  death  of  his 
father,  which  took  place  in  1853,  the  care 
of  the  family  devolved  upon  him.  The 
means  at  his  command  were  but  scanty, 
but  in  partnership  with  his  elder  brother, 
Henry,  he  started  a  small  job-printing  office, 
in  Montreal,  and  by  strict  industry  and 
economy  they  obtained  a  fair  measure  of 
success.  In  1856  they  dissolved  partner- 
ship, George  having  become  convinced  that 
Western  Canada  offered  more  scope  for  his 
energies  than  Montreal.  In  connection  with 
John  Muir  be  established  the  Chronicle,  in 
the  village  of  Merrickville,  but  he  did  not 
remain  there  any  length  of  time.  Among 
his  other  engagements  about  this  period, 
was  that  of  city  editor  of  the  London  Pro- 
totype. In  1858  he  came  to  Toronto  as 
manager  of  the  printing  office  of  Samuel 
Thompson,  for  whom  he  published  the  To- 
ronto Atlas,  started  in  opposition  to  the 
Colonist,  which  had  taken  ground  adverse 
to  the  government  of  the  day.  Mr.  Thomp- 
son having  obtained  the  contract  for  gov- 
ernment printing,  Mr.  Hose  was  assigned 
to  take  the  management  of  the  office  in  Que- 
bec, whither  he  removed  in  1859.  This 
arrangement  did  not  long  continue.  Mr. 
Thompson  found  himself  unable  financially 
to  carry  out  his  contract  alone,  and  a  com- 
pany was  organized  for  the  purpose,  includ- 
ing Mr.  Rose  and  Robert  Hunter,  an  ex- 
perienced accountant.  Mr.  Thompson  re- 
tired from  the  business  altogether  soon 
afterwards,  leaving  it  to  the  new  firm  of 
Hunter,  Rose  &  Co.,  who  completed  the 


contract  and  secured  its  renewal.  On  the 
removal  of  the  seat  of  government  to  Otta- 
wa in  1865,  the  firm  of  course  followed.  A 
large  and  lucrative  business  was  soon  built 
up,  and  in  1868  a  branch  was  established 
at  Toronto,  the  firm  having  secured  a  ten 
years  contract  for  the  printing  of  the  Pro- 
vincial government.  In  1871  their  relations 
with  the  Dominion  government  terminated, 
and  the  business  was  consolidated  in  Toron- 
to. The  firm  now  entered  extensively  into  the 
business  of  publishing  Canadian  reprints  of 
English  copyright  books,  principally  the 
popular  novels  of  living  writers,  for  which 
a  ready  market  was  found.  The  firm  hon- 
estly compensated  the  authors  whose  works 
they  reproduced,  although  this  of  course 
placed  them  at  a  disadvantage  as  compared 
with  the  piratical  publishers  of  the  United 
States.  Another  and  probably  a  greater 
service  to  the  intellectual  progress  of  the 
country  rendered  by  this  enterprising  firm, 
was  the  publication — at  first  for  others,  but 
latterly  at  their  own  risk — of  the  "  Canadian 
Monthly,"  the  last  and  by  far  the  best  liter- 
ary magazine  ever  issued  in  this  country. 
This  venture  unfortunately  did.  not  prove 
pecuniarily  successful,  and  though  sustain- 
ed for  many  years  with  a  liberality  and 
public  spirit*  highly  creditable  to  the  pub- 
lishers, was  at  length  discontinued.  In  1877 
the  death  of  Mr.  Hunter  left  Mr.  Rose  the 
sole  member  of  the  firm,  and  a  year  after- 
wards he  took  his  brother,  Daniel,  into  the 
concern,  the  well-known  firm  name  being 
still  retained.  Widely  as  George  M.  Rose 
is  known  to  the  Canadian  people  as  a  suc- 
cessful and  enterprising  publisher,  he  has 
acquired  a  still  more  extensive  reputation 
by  his  unselfish  exertions  in  the  cause  of 
temperance  and  moral  reform.  A  life-long 
total  abstainer  and  prohibitionist,  he  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  temperance  work  in 
connection  with  various  organizations.  He 
has  attained  the  highest  offices  in  the  gift 
of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  in  the  Dominion, 
having  been  several  times  chosen  to  fill  the 
chair  of  grand  worthy  patriarch  of  the  order 
both  in  Quebec  and  Ontario,  and  has  also 
held  the  second  highest  position  conferrable 
by  that  order  for  the  whole  continent,  hav- 
ing been  most  worthy  associate  of  the 
National  Division  of  America.  His  heart 
and  purse  are  always  open  to  the  appeals 
for  the  advancement  of  the  Temperance 
cause,  which  he  regards  as  being  of  vastly 
more  importance  than  mere  party  issues. 


732 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Though  a  Liberal,  politically,  he  regards 
all  public  issues  from  the  standpoint  of 
Temperance  reform.  Personally  Mr.  Hose 
is  genial,  sociable  and  unassuming.  As  his 
career  shows,  he  has  abundant  business 
capacity,  and  the  enthusiasm  which  forms 
so  strong  a  feature  of  his  character  is  well 
regulated  by  a  fund  of  practical  common 
sense."  For  a  number  of  years  Mr.  Rose 
has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trade.  In  1881  he  was  elected  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  board,  and  the  following  year 
(1882)  was  chosen  president.  On  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term  of  office,  in  1883,  he 
was  elected  treasurer,  and  has  been  annually 
re-elected  to  fill  this  office  ever  since.  For  a 
number  of  years  he  has  also  been  a  director 
of  the  Ontario  Bank.  In  politics  Mr.  Eose 
is  a  prohibitionist,  and  in  religion  a  Uni- 
tarian. In  1856  he  was  married  to  Margaret 
C.  J.  L.  Manson,  daughter  of  the  late  Wil- 
liam Manson,  farmer,  Oxford  county,  and 
has  had  a  family  of  ten  children — nine  of 
whom  survive,  six  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters. 

LaRocque,  Basile,  M.D.,  St.  John's, 
province  Quebec,  was  born  at  Chambly, 
January  10th,  1813,  of^  the  marriage  of 
Joseph  Henry  LaRocque,  a  respectable  and 
intelligent  farmer  of  that  locality,  having 
for  wife  a  Miss  Lafontaine,  allied  to  the 
same  family  which  has  furnished  to  the 
country  the  Hon.  Sir  Louis  H.  Lafontaine, 
whose  political  role  belongs  to  history,  and 
whose  career  at  the  bar  was  sufficiently 
brilliant  to  make  him  chief  justice  of  the 
Queen's  Bench  for  the  province  of  Quebec. 
Dr.  LaRocque  is  the  third  son  of  a  family 
of  seven  brothers,  of  whom  the  eldest  be- 
came the  distinguished  bishop  of  the  dio- 
cese of  St.  Hyacinthe,  P.Q.  The  doctor 
completed  his  classical  course  at  the  College 
of  St.  Hyacinthe,  in  1828.  Among  the 
number  of  his  schoolfellows  was  Louis  An- 
toine  Dessaulles,  a  man  of  talent,  a  remark- 
able writer,  author  of  several  works,  legis- 
lative councillor  under  the  union,  and  after- 
wards registrar  for  the  Crown  for  the  dis- 
trict of  Montreal  at  the  end  of  his  career  in 
this  country.  His  course  terminated,  the 
doctor  began  his  medical  studies  under  Dr. 
Vimbler  at  Chambly,  and  at  Marieville  un- 
der Dr.  Davignon,  who  played  a  notable 
part  in  Canadian  politics,  but  removed  from 
there  to  the  University  of  Vermont,  at 
Woodstock,  then  in  great  repute  owing  to 
its  scientific  professors.  He  ultimately  set- 


tled at  Burlington,  where  he  was  prosperous 
and  successful.  On  the  1st  July,  1837,  our 
subject  successfully  passed  his  examina- 
tions at  Quebec,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
practice  of  medicine.  He  commenced  his 
medical  career  at  St.  John's,  but  in  a  short 
time  left  there  and  settled  at  Acadie,  where 
his  brother  was  then  curate  and  afterwards 
became  bishop.  Here  he  lived  for  thirty 
years,  occupying  at  different  periods  many 
prominent  positions  of  trust  and  confidence, 
such  as  justice  of  the  peace,  school  trustee, 
judge  of  summary  causes,  etc.,  etc.,  and 
being  offered  on  several  occasions  by  the 
leading  men  of  the  parish  and  of  the  county 
of  St.  John's,  parliamentary  candidature. 
The  doctor  preferred  a  calm,  quiet  life, 
practising  his  profession  for  the  love  of 
science  and  duty,  and  passing  his  leisure 
time  in  the  contemplation  of  nature  and  its 
beauties.  After  the  decease  of  one  of  his 
best  friends,  Dr.  Wright,  he  was  persuaded 
by  many  who  fully  appreciated  his  talents 
to  settle  at  St.  John's  in  1871,  where,  not- 
withstanding his  advanced  age,  he  continu- 
ed the  practice  of  his  profession,  alike  at- 
tending poor  and  rich,  through  all  the 
inclemency  and  rigor  of  a  trying  climate, 
and  bringing  hope  and  comfort  to  many 
weary  sufferers  by  his  kind,  genial  manners. 
Dr.  LaRocque  refused  on  several  occasions 
the  honor  of  being  a  professor  of  the  School 
of  Medicine  at  Montreal,  his  modest  tastes 
leading  him  rather  to  charitable  acts  and 
the  pursuit  of  an  unostentatious,  useful  life. 
The  doctor  married  at  Acadie,  on  the  18th 
January,  1843,  Melanie  Quesnel,  eldest 
daughter  of  Dr.  Quesnel,  brother  of  the 
celebrated  lawyer,  Hon.  Auguste  F.  Ques- 
nel, barrister,  etc.,  and  an  old  member  of 
the  Legislative  Council  under  the  union. 
Of  this  mamrge  there  were  sixteen  children, 
of  whom  seven  are  living.  One  died  in 
holy  orders,  and  two  daughters  as  nuns. 
The  eldest  surviving  son  is  Dr.  Henry  La- 
Rocque, practising  at  Plattsburg,  where  he 
holds  an  enviable  position  among  his 
American  confreres,  enjoying  a  splendid 
professional  reputation;  Emile,  a  doctor  at 
Malone ;  Alphonse,  surgeon  dentist  at  Wor- 
cester; and  Joseph,  a  doctor  atBiddeford; 
Marine  Hector,  apothecary  at  St.  John's, 
P.Q. ;  and  William,  manager  and  proprie- 
tor of  a  large  commercial  house  in  St. 
John's.  Dr.  Basile  LaRocque  is  one  of 
those  men  whose  capabilities  and  talents 
have  shown  themselves  in  spite  of  hishumil- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


733 


ity  of  character  and  modest  tastes.  Those 
who  bear  his  name  have  reason  to  be  proud 
of  if. 

Black,  Thomas  R.,  Amherst,  Nova 
Scotia,  M.P.P.  for  Cumberland  county,  was 
born  at  Amherst,  16th  October,  1832.     His 
paternal  grandfather  was  a  native  of  Eng- 
land, having  been  born  there  in  1727,  and 
emigrated  to  Nova  Scotia  in  1774,  where  he 
married  che  daughter  of  a  U.  E.  loyalist. 
Mr.  Black,   the  subject   of  our  sketch,  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  Grammar  School 
in  Amherst,  and  after  leaving  school  turned 
his  attention  to  farming  and  other  business 
pursuits.     He  first  entered  the  Legislative 
Assembly   in  July,  1884,  having  been  re- 
turned by  acclamation  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  retirement  of  C.  J.  Townsend, 
who  had  been  elected  to  represent  Cumber- 
land county,  in  the  House  of  Commons  at 
Ottawa.     On  the  dissolution  of  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  in  May,  1886,  Cumberland 
was  one  of  the  few  constituencies  in  which 
the  question   of  the  repeal   of  the  federal 
compact  was  not  an  essential  element  in  the 
campaign;  the  contest  was,  therefore,  run 
on  personal  grounds,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
poll  the  popularity  of  Mr.  Black  was  evinced 
by  the  large  number  of  votes  that  had  been 
given   him.     The  votes   stood  thus  :  T.  K. 
Black,  2,083  ;  B.  L.  Black,  2,064  ;  G.  W. 
Forrest,    1,939  ;  C.  J.  McFarlane,    1,855  ; 
and  G.  B.  Wilson,    341.     Mr.   Black  is  a 
justice  of  the  peace.     That  he  is  public- 
spirited,  we  have  only  to  point  to  the  hand- 
some block  of  buildings  he  has  lately  erected 
in  his  native  town.     The  first  stone  build- 
ing erected   at  Amherst  was  the  passenger 
station  of  the  Intercolonial  Bailway,  built 
by  the  Dominion  government  in  1867  ;  the 
second  the  Dominion  building,  containing 
the  public  offices,  built  by  the  government 
in  1886  ;  but   the  first   erected  by  private 
enterprise  is  that  now  under  notice.     It  has 
a  front  of  100  ft.,  is  60  ft.  deep,    and  has 
three    stories  above    basement,    including 
Mansard  roof,  the  whole  height  being  50 
ft.     The  material  used  throughout   is  dark 
red  sandstone  from   the  quarry  of  A.    B. 
Black,  two  and  three  quarter  miles  distant. 
It  is  of  a  darker  shade  than  that  in  the  Dom- 
inion building,  and  from  tests  at  Ottawa  and 
Boston  has  been  pronounced  to  have,  in  ad- 
dition to  its  admirable  appearance,  all  the 
requisities  for  a  first-class  building  stone,  as 
it  is  easily  worked,  durable,  and  fire-resist- 
ing.    The  whole  work  was  done  by  day's 


work  under  the  immediate  superintendence 
of  the  owner  and  of  his  son,  William,  the 
latter  spending  all  his  time  at  the  building 
and  the  quarry;  and  the  judicious  manner 
in  which  he  managed  the  erection  of  der- 
ricks, hoisting  of  stone,  and  general  super- 
vision being  specially  noteworthy  in  one  so 
young.  It  is  considered  that  if  the  work 
had  been  let  in  the  ordinary  way  the  build- 
ing would  have  cost  $30,000  or  upwards, 
but  Mr.  Black,  by  taking  two  years  to  build 
it,  was  able  with  his  resources  to  con- 
struct it  for  a  considerably  smaller  sum. 
It  is  the  good  fortune  of  Amherst  to  have 
citizens  like  Mr.  Black.  The  value  of 
building  property  in  town,  purchased,  built 
and  improved  by  him  within  the  last  few 
years  must  be  about  $45,000.  He  too  takes 
a  deep  interest  in  farming  and  stock-raising 
enterprises,  and  has  imported  a  good  num- 
ber of  valuable  Hereford  stock  into  his 
county,  which  has  benefited  the  community 
greatly.  Mr.  Black  is  a  staunch  temperance 
man,  and  strong  advocate  of  all  movements 
that  have  for  their  object  the  elevation  of 
his  fellow  men.  In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal, 
but  not  an  avowed  follower  of  any  party. 
"  Measures  before  Party"  is  his  motto.  He 
was  married  on  the  20th  March,  1860,  to 
Eunice,  daughter  of  the  late  W.  W.  Bent, 
who,  during  his  lifetime,  was  a  member  of 
the  Provincial  parliament. 

MacJflalion,  Hon.  Hugh,  Toronto, 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Judicature 
for  Ontario,  Common  Pleas  Division,  is  of 
Irish  descent,  and  was  born  in  Guelph, 
Ont.,  the  6th  March,  1836.  The  progenitors 
of  the  family  were  originally  from  Monaghan, 
in  Ireland,  and  in  the  troublous  times  of 
the  last  of  the  reigning  Stuarts,  a  number  of 
MacMahons  held  important  positions  in 
their  native  country.  Colonel  Art  Oge  Mac- 
Mahon,  besides  holding  a  military  com- 
mand, was  King  James  II.'s  lord-lieutenant 
for  the  county  Monaghan  ;  while  Hugh 
MacMahon,  great- grand-uncle  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  present  sketch,  was  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  Gordon  O'Neil's  Charlemont  regi- 
ment of  foot.  This  crack  corps,  upon  its 
reorganization,  after  the  Treaty  of  Lime- 
rick (1691),  took  service  in  France  with 
the  famous  "  Irish  Brigade."  Reverses  of 
fortune  having  impoverished  the  family, 
Mr.  MacMahon' s  father  came  to  Canada  in 
1819,  from  Cootehill,  county  Cavan,  Ire- 
land, and  settled  in  the  Niagara  district. 
He  brought  with  him  an  excellent  library 


734 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


of  classical  and  mathematical  works  ;  and, 
as  he  possessed  high  attaintments  as  a  clas- 
sical scholar,  he  opened  school  at  Grimsby, 
where  many  of  the  youth  of  the  western 
section  of  Upper  Canada  were  prepared  for 
the  professions.  Mr.  MacMahon,  senior, 
was  one  of  the  earliest  appointed  provincial 
land  surveyors,  and  made  the  preliminary 
surveys  of  many  of  the  townships  in  the 
lately  formed  province.  His  wife,  who  still 
survives  him,  and  is  now  in  her  91st  year, 
was  Anne  MacGovern,  a  relative  of  the  late 
Bishop  MacGovern,  of  the  county  of  Cavan. 
In  1853,  Hugh  MacMahon,  our  present 
subject,  then  in  his  seventeenth  year,  enter- 
ed the  Board  of  Works  department  of  Can- 
ada, of  which  the  Hon.  H.  H.  Killaly  was 
at  the  time  commissioner,  and  was  placed 
on  the  staff  of  Colonel  W.  B.  Gallaway,  C.E., 
as  second  assistant  engineer.  In  this  ca- 
pacity Mr.  MacMahon  took  part  in  making 
surveys  and  in  preparing  estimates  for  the 
projected  Ottawa  Ship  Canal  between  Otta- 
wa and  Aylmer.  He  was  also  engaged  in 
the  surveys  and  plans  for  the  Chats  Canal, 
and  was  one  of  the  resident  engineers  dur- 
ing the  time  these  works  were  under  con- 
struction. In  1857,  when  the  monetary 
crisis  of  that  year  compelled  the  govern- 
ment to  relinquish  the  latter  undertaking, 
and  when  civil  engineering  was  much  de- 
pressed by  the  stoppage  of  public  works, 
Mr.  MacMahon  left  the  service  of  the  de- 
partment, though  strongly  urged  to  remain 
at  Ottawa  by  the  chief  of  the  staff.  The 
next  year,  having  become  a  matriculant  of 
the  Law  Society,  we  find  him  in  the  law 
office  of  Thomas  Kobertson,  Q.  C.,  then 
practising  in  Dundas.  Pursuing  the  legal 
profession,  he  was  called  to  the  bar  in  1864, 
when  .he  entered  into  partnership  with  his 
brother,  Thomas  B.  MacMahon,  late  judge 
of  the  county  of  Norfolk,  then  practising  in 
Brantford.  Five  years  afterwards,  on  the  ele- 
vation of  the  late  John  Wilson  to  a  judgeship 
of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  Hugh  Mac 
Mahon  removed  to  London,  Ontario,  where, 
in  a  few  years,  he  built  up  the  largest  and 
most  lucrative  legal  business  in  the  west.  His 
universally  acknowledged  acquirements  as 
a  commercial  lawyer,  sound  judgment,  and 
scrupulous  honor  brought  him  the  confi- 
dence of  the  mercantile  community  through- 
out the  country,  and  he  became  the  solici- 
tor and  trusted  adviser  of  many  large  firms. 
In  1876  he  was  created  Queen's  counsel  by 
the  Ontario  government,  and  in  1885  the  Do- 


minion ministry  paid  him  a  like  high  honor. 
Mr.  MacMahon's  talents  as  an  advocate  won 
for  him  a  successful  career  at  the  bar,  and 
he  has  been  retained  as  counsel  in  some  of 
the  most  important  civil  and  criminal  cases 
before  the  courts.  In  1877  he  was  retained 
by  the  Dominion  government  as  leading 
counsel  in  the  arbitration  between  the  Fede- 
ral government  and  the  province  of  Ontario, 
in  the  protracted  dispute  over  the  western 
and  northern  boundaries  of  the  province  ; 
and  in  the  following  year  he  argued  the 
case  before  Sir  Edward  Thornton,  British 
minister  at  Washington,  and  the  Hon.  Sir 
Francis  Hincks,  arbitrators  for  the  Domi- 
nion, and  Chief  Justice  E.  A.  Harrison,  who 
represented  Ontario.  Their  award,  as  our 
readers  are  aware,  settled  the  western  boun- 
dary of  the  province.  In  1884,  Mr.  Mac- 
Mahon was  associated  with  Christopher 
Bobinson,  Q.C.,  and  went  to  England  as 
one  of  the  counsel  for  the  Dominion,  when 
the  boundary  question  was  submitted  to 
the  judicial  committee  of  Her  Majesty's 
Privy  Council.  The  decision  of  this  body, 
it  is  a  matter  of  history,  virtually  confirmed 
the  award  of  the  previous  arbitrators.  We 
now  come  to  a  notable  incident  in  Mr.  Mac- 
Mahon's professional  career— his  retention 
as  counsel  for  the  prisoners  in  the  celebrated 
Biddulph  tragedy  case.  This  cause  celebre, 
it  will  be  remembered,  arose  out  of  the  re- 
volting murder  of  five  members  of  the  Don- 
nelly family,  residing  in  the  township  of 
Biddulph,  when  no  less  than  fifteen  persons 
were  arrested  for  alleged  complicity  in  the 
affair,  though  but  five  of  them  were  subse- 
quently prosecuted.  Mr.  MacMahon  was 
retained  as  counsel  on  behalf  of  the  prison- 
ers, who,  in  1880,  were  indicted  by  the  grand 
jury  for  murder.  Subsequently  the  Crown, 
deeming  the  evidence  against  James  Carroll 
stronger  than  against  the  other  prisoners, 
he  was  first  brought  to  trial.  The  first  jury 
disagreeing  on  their  verdict,  application 
was  made  for  a  change  of  venue,  owing  to 
the  intense  excitement  over  the  tragedy  at 
London ;  but  this  was  refused.  Carrolf  was 
again  placed  on  his  trial  before  a  special 
commission,  composed  of  two  judges,  and 
the  proceedings  extended  over  a  week.  The 
excitement  was  still  intense ;  the  court-room 
was  thronged  daily  by  great  crowds  of  peo- 
ple; while  representatives  of  the  leading 
journals  came  from  the  chief  cities  to  report 
the  proceedings.  The  chief  incidents  of  the 
early  days  of  the  trial  was  the  skilful  cross- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


735 


examination  of  the  Crown  witnesses  by  Mr. 
MacMahon,  which  resulted  in  breaking  down 
much  of  the  case  against  the  prisoner.  The 
interest  culminated  in  Mr.  MacMahon's 
singularly  able  speech  for  the  defence,  which 
created  intense  excitement  in  the  court- 
room, and  was  favorably  commented  on  by 
the  legal  profession  and  the  press  of  the 
country.  The  Toronto  Mail  thus  referred 
to  the  speech: — "  Mr.  MacMahon  rose  to 
address  the  jury  at  1.40  p.m.,  and  as  he  took 
his  stand  in  front  of  the  jury-box,  the  silence 
of  death  fell  upon  the  immense  concourse 
assembled  in  the  court-room.  The  address, 
which  lasted  for  over  two  hours,  was  a  fine 
effort.  It  was  not  characterized  by  any  re- 
markable flights  of  eloquence,  nor  did  the 
learned  counsel  try  to  play  upon  the  feelings 
of  the  jurors.  It  was,  however,  a  clear,  con- 
cise and  able  argumei. ' ,  which  left  a  deep 
impression."  The  Globe,  portraying  the 
scene  in  the  court-house  prior  to  the  address 
of  the  counsel  for  the  defence,  said:  "  Long 
before  the  half-hour's  intermission  had  been 
brought  to  a  close  the  corridors  of  the  court- 
house were  packed  with  an  excited  throng, 
eagerly  pressing  forward  to  gain  admission 
to  the  court-room,  which  was  already  so 
densely  crowded  that  not  another  could  be 
admitted.  The  scene  inside  the  court-room 
was  one  long  to  be  remembered.  It  was 
not  the  seats  alone  that  were  crowded.  The 
steps  leading  to  the  bench,  and  every  vacant 
chair  within  the  bar  was  occupied,  while 
more  than  half  of  the  standing  room  in  the 
aisles  were  occupied  by  ladies."  The  same 
journal  in  the  course  of  a  lengthy  report  of 
the  speech,  observes:  "When  the  judges 
took  their  places  on  the  bench,  after  the  ad- 
journment, Mr.  MacMahon  rose  to  address 
the  jury  on  behalf  of  the  prisoners.  The 
most  absolute  quiet  reigned  throughout  the 
court-room,  and  after  the  learned  counsel 
for  the  defence  had  uttered  his  first  few 
sentences  the  crowded  court-room  was  so 
hushed  that  one  might  almost  have  heard 
the  fall  of  a  pin.  For  two  hours  the  learned 
and  eloquent  gentleman  enchained  not  only 
the  attention  of  their  lordships  and  the  jury, 
but  the  vast  throng  in  the  crowded  court- 
room. The  address  was  not  what  would  be 
called  a  flowery  one,  but  it  was  earnest,  elo- 
quent and  exhaustive.  Not  a  point  that 
could  be  made  to  tell  in  favor  of  the  prisoner 
was  overlooked,  while  the  most  favorable 
and  plausible  construction  was  put  upon 
those  points  that  bore  hardest  against  him. 


During  a  part  of  the  address  the  prisoner 
sat  up  in  the  dock  and  listened  attentively, 
while  his  sister  seemed  to  devour  every 
word  that  fell  from  the  speaker's  lips.  . 

.  .  The  learned  counsel  for  the  defence 
closed  his  very  able  and  eloquent  address 
with  a  solemn  and  pathetic  appeal  to  the 
jury  on  behalf  of  the  prisoner.  .  .  . 
The  efforts  of  the  defence  had  been  a  series 
of  masterpieces,  throughout  the  long  trial; 
but  it  was  felt  that  with  the  eloquent  and 
exhaustive  resume  of  the  evidence  by  Mr. 
MacMahon,  these  efforts  had  come  to  a  close, 
and  that  nothing  remained  as  an  offset  to 
what  the  Crown  had  to  present."  The 
prisoner  was  acquitted,  and  the  scene  in  the 
court -room  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  court- 
house was  indescribable.  Speaking  of  the 
memorable  trial,  another  Toronto  journal 
subsequently  remarked:  that  Mr.  Mac- 
Mahon's address  to  the  jury  "is  still  re- 
membered as  one  of  the  most  brilliant  ef 
forts  of  oratory  ever  heard  within  the  walls 
of  London  court-house."  While  a  resident 
of  London,  Mr.  MacMahon  was  mainly  in- 
strumental, in  connection  with  Colonel 
James  Shanly,  in  founding  the  Irish  Bene- 
volent Society  in  that  city,  of  which  both 
gentlemen,  at  various  times,  were  president. 
This  successful  national  society  has  been 
conducted  irrespective  of  creed,  and  has  been 
of  the  greatest  possible  good,  in  allaying  re- 
ligious prejudices  and  in  softening  religious 
rancour  among  the  Irish  residents  of  the 
Forest  City.  At  the  general  elections  of 
1872  Mr.  MacMahon  unsuccessfully  con- 
tested the  City  of  London,  for  a  seat  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  against  the  Hon.  John 
Carling;  and  again  in  1878  he  was  a  candi- 
date for  the  County  of  Kent,  against  Kuf us 
Stephenson,  the  then  sitting  member,  but 
was  defeated.  Mr.  MacMahon  removed  to 
Toronto  at  the  close  of  the  year  1883,  where 
he  successfully  practised  his  profession. 
His  wide  legal  experience,  forceful  and 
pleasing  manner  in  addressing  juries,  and 
great  natural  and  acquired  abilities,  made 
him  one  of  the  leading  nisi  prius  lawyers  on 
the  western  circuit.  On  the  30th  November, 
1887,  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  Judicature  for  Ontario, 
Common  Pleas  Division.  Outside  of  his 
profession,  Judge  MacMahon  is  a  man  of 
very  considerable  culture  and  much  fondness 
for  art,  his  judgment  as  a  connoisseur  of 
paintings  being  frequently  appealed  to. 
His  collection  of  paintings  has  been  much 


736 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


admired,  and  indicates  a  highly  educated 
taste.  In  1864  Mr.  MacMahon  married 
Isabel  Janet,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
Simon  Mackenzie,  of  Belleville,  by  whom 
he  has  two  sons. 

Ryan,  Hon.  Patrick  George, 
Caraquet,  N.  B.,  M.  P.P.  for  Gloucester 
county,  was  born  at  Bathurst,  N.  B.,  9th 
May,  1838.  He  is  of  Irish  descent,  his 
parents  having  come  from  the  Emerald 
Isle  many  years  ago.  Hon.  Mr.  Kyan  re- 
ceived his  early  education  at  the  Grammar 
School  in  Bathurst.  After  finishing  his 
studies  he  went  into  business  as  a  manufac- 
turer of  leather,  for  the  preparing  and  tan- 
ning of  which  Caraquet  possesses  excep- 
tional facilities.  The  town  is  situated  on  an 
inlet  of  Baie  des  Chaleurs,  forty-eight  miles 
from  Bathurst.  It  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant fishing  stations  in  the  Dominion. 
The  lighthouse  on  Caraquet  Island,  at 
the  entrance  to  the  harbor,  exhibits  a  fixed 
white  light  fifty -two  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  Bathurst,  Mr.  Byan's  native  place, 
is  the  shire  town  of  Gloucester  county,  and 
is  situated  on  Bathurst  Bay,  a  well-shel- 
tered sheet  of  water,  three  and  a  half  miles 
long  and  two  miles  wide,  opening  into  Baie 
des  Chaleurs.  Here  an  extensive  trade  in 
the  salmon  fishery  is  carried  on.  The  Inter- 
colonial Bailway  runs  near  the  town.  Hon. 
Mr.  Byan  has  for  many  years  been  a  lead- 
ing man  in  his  constituency,  and  is  one  of 
the  county  magistrates.  He  has  also  held 
the  position  of  warden  of  the  municipality 
of  Gloucester,  and  has  been  chairman  of  the 
pilotage  commission  for  the  district  of  Cara- 
quet. He  began  political  life  in  February, 
1876,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Assembly.  Mr.  Eyan  exhibited  in  the  house 
the  same  forcible  business  qualities  which 
had  caused  him  to  be  respected  outside. 
At  the  general  election  of  1878  he  was  again 
nominated,  and  was  a  second  time  elected. 
At  the  general  election,  held  15th  June, 

1882,  he  contested  his  constituency  for  the 
third  time  with  success.     His  great  natural 
abilities,  and  his  long  experience  as  a  par- 
liamentarian, now  entitled  Mr.  Eyan  to  a 
share  of  honors,  and,  on  the  3rd  of  March, 

1883,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council  and  chief  commissioner  of 
the  board  of  works.     He  was  considered  to 
be  so  sure  of  his  seat  in  the  house  that  when 
he  went  to  his  constituency  no  opposition 
was  offered  to  him,  and  he  was  re-elected  by 
acclamation,  26th  March,  1883.     Hon.  Mr. 


Eyan,  as  a  departmental  officer,  amply  ful- 
filled the  expectations  formed  of  him  by  the 
premier  and  attorney- general,  Hon.  A.  G. 
Blair.  The  latest  general  election  was  held 
26th  April,  1886,  and  the  government  re- 
turned from  the  country  unbroken.  Messrs. 
Young  and  Eyan,  the  sitting  members,  were 
opposed  by  such  strong  candidates  as 
T.  J.  McManus  and  T.  Blanchard;  but 
the  former  won  easily,  the  vote  stand- 
ing—Young, 1,212;  Hon.  P.  G.  Eyan,  1177; 
defeating  McManus,  988;  Blanchard,  835. 
Hon.  Mr.  Eyan  is  a  staunch  Liberal,  and 
believes  in  progressive  measures.  He  mar- 
ried, 26th  January,  1862,  Margaret,  daugh- 
ter of  John  Murphy.  While  yet  in  the 
prime  of  life,  possessed  of  a  good  private 
business,  and  well  to  the  fore  in  political 
position,  he  has  probably  still  many  years 
of  usefulness  ahead  of  him.  The  north 
shore  of  New  Brunswick,  with  its  extensive 
forests  and  fisheries,  will  come  up  as  a  man- 
ufacturing centre.  Financial  reverses  have 
to  some  extent,  during  the  last  few  years, 
hindered  the  prosperity  of  the  country,  but 
with  the  increase  of  railways  and  the  con- 
sequent diversion  of  travel  in  this  direction, 
will  come  a  new  era  of  commercial  and  in- 
dustrial activity.  Such  men  as  Hon.  P. 
G.  Eyan  are  the  backbone  and  life  of  the 
country. 

Waiiiwriglit,  William,  Assistant 
Manager  Grand  Trunk  Bailway,  Montreal, 
like  not  a  few  of  the  prominent  railway  men 
of  North  America,  is  a  native  of  England. 
He  was  born  in  a  city  which,  from  its  situa- 
tion and  industrial  and  commercial  impor- 
tance, could  not  fail  to  be  closely  associa- 
ted with  whatever  was  most  enterprising 
in  the  British  railway  movement  of  from 
forty  to  fifty  years  ago.  It  was  not  sur- 
prising that  a  young  man  of  ability  and 
ambition  should  be  early  attracted  to  a 
branch  of  business  which  had  prizes  for 
those  who  could  win  them.  Mr.  Wain- 
wright,  born  on  30th  of  April,  1840,  was  not 
quite  eighteen  when  he  entered  the  service 
in  January,  1858.  He  applied  himself 
diligently  to  the  tasks  assigned  him,  and 
that  he  succeeded  in  mastering  them  in  all 
their  details  was  shown  by  the  successive 
steps  of  promotion  of  which  he  was  deemed 
worthy  by  his  superiors.  He  began  as 
junior  clerk  in  the  chief  accountant's  office, 
but  in  due  time  rose  to  the  positions  of 
senior  clerk,  secretary  to  assistant-general 
manager,  and  general  manager  of  the  road 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


737 


with  which  he  was  connected.  That  line 
was  the  Manchester,  Sheffield  and  Lincoln- 
shire Railway,  which  traverses  a  most  im- 
portant portion  of  central  England.  In 
1862,  Mr.  Wainwright  came  to  Canada  and 
obtained  a  position  on  the  Grand  Trunk. 
For  a  year,  he  served  as  senior  clerk  in  the 
accountant's  office.  Then  he  was  appointed 
secretary  to  the  managing  director,  and  in 
that  capacity  he  continued  for  three  years. 
We  next  find  him  filling  the  office  of  senior 
clerk  in  the  manager  director's  department, 
and  taking  charge  of  the  car  mileage.  Thus 
passed  six  years  more,  and  then  Mr.  Wain- 
wright became  general  passenger  agent. 
As  such  he  was  widely  known  and  gave 
general  satisfaction  as  well  to  his  colleagues 
and  superiors  as  to  the  public  that  had 
dealings  with  him.  He  remained  in  that 
position  for  upwards  of  eight  years,  until 
in  May,  1881,  he  received  the  appointment 
of  assistant-manager,  the  duties  of  which 
he  dtill  so  ably  discharges.  Mr.  Wain- 
wright was  also  general  manager  of  the 
North  Shore  Railway,  from  April,  1883,  un- 
til the  transfer  of  that  line  to  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway.  Mr.  Wainwright  is  highly 
esteemed  in  private  life,  being  as  agreeable 
in  social  intercourse  as  he  is  assiduous  and 
conscientious  in  the  discharge  of  his  official 
duties. 

Ro§e,  Hon.  Ju§tice  John  E. ,  LL.D., 
Toronto,  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  was  born  at  Willowdale, 
county  of  York,  on  the  4th  of  October,  1844. 
His  father,  who  came  from  the  vicinity  of 
Kingston,  was  born  in  1806,  and  is  at  the 
present  time  the  oldest  Methodist  minister 
in  Canada,  and  was  long  and  favorably 
known  to  the  denomination  as  the  manager 
for  many  years  of  the  Methodist  book  con- 
cern in  Toronto.  His  mother,  who  belongs 
to  the  Street  family,  was  a  native  of  the  Nia- 
gara District.  Judge  Rose  received  his  early 
education  at  the  Dundas  Grammar  School, 
and  after  a  successful  academic  course  at 
Victoria  College,  Cobourg,  graduated  there 
in  1864.  Making  choice  of  law  for  his  pro- 
fession, he  diligently  pursued  his  studies  in 
the  offices  of  Ross,  Bell  &  Holden,  of  Belle- 
ville, and  of  Patterson,  Beaty,  &  Hamilton, 
of  Toronto.  In  1866  he  took  his  degree  in 
law,  and  in  the  following  year  was  called  to 
the  bar  of  the  province.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Toronto,  and 
was  soon  successful  in  building  up  a  large 
and  remunerative  business,  the  firm  ultimate  - 
TT 


ly  including  five  partners  and  giving  employ- 
ment to  about  a  score  of  clerks.  In  1881  he 
obtained  his  silk  gown  as  Queen's  counsel, 
and  with  this  merited  honor  and  the  en- 
hanced professional  status,  came  increase  of 
business  and  the  continued  confidence  of  a 
large  and  rapidly  extending  circle  of  clients. 
He  was  specially  retained  by  Parkdale  to 
procure  from  the  railway  committee  of  the 
Privy  Council  an  order  for  the  construction 
of  the  sub-way  on  Queen  street,  which  was 
the  first  order  of  the  kind  made  under  the 
Act,  and  was  obtained  in  spite  of  the  oppo- 
sition of  four  powerful  railway  companies. 
Mr.  Rose  was  equally  successful  in  conduct- 
ing the  well-known  case  of  Moore  v.  the  Mu- 
tual Insurance  Company  which  eventually 
was  decided  in  the  plaintiff's  favor  by  the 
Imperial  Privy  Counsel ;  and  in  other  import- 
ant suits  of  a  commercial  character  his  pro- 
fessional abilities  have  won  him  deserved 
honors.  From  an  early  age  he  took  a  deep 
interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  Methodist  church, 
and  became  an  active  and  zealous  worker  in 
its  ranks.  He  was  at  first  connected  with  Elm 
street  Church,  Toronto,  but  on  the  erection  of 
the  Metropolitan  Church  he  associated  him- 
self with  those  who  were  the  founders  of  that 
edifice,  and  on  Dr.  Punshon's  departure  for 
England  he  became  an  official  member  and 
trustee  of  the  Metropolitan  Church,  and  the 
recording  secretary  of  the  board.  Mr.  Rose 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  Victoria 
University,  in  whose  affairs  he  takes  a  warm 
interest,  and  in  1886  that  university  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D.  In  1883  the  Dominion  government 
appointed  him  to  a  judgeship  in  the  Common 
Pleas  Division  of  the  High  Court  of  Justice 
for  Ontario,  rendered  vacant  by  the  elevation 
of  Mr.  Justice  Osier  to  the  Court  of  Appeal. 
The  appointment  gave  universal  satisfaction 
to  the  profession,  by  whom  the  learned  judge 
is  held  in  high  esteem,  for  to  this  elevated 
and  honorable  position  on  the  bench  of  his 
native  province  Mr.  Rose  brought  eminent 
abilities,  a  well  read,  judicial  mind,  industri- 
ous and  pains-taking  habits,  and  a  ready 
faculty  of  discerning  the  essential  points  of 
a  case  and  of  soundly  determining  the  law. 
In  not  a  few  of  his  charges  to  juries  he  has 
shown  himself  a  wholesome  and  stern  moral- 
ist, and  determined  to  exercise  for  good  his 
high  position  on  the  bench.  Judge  Rose 
was  a  Liberal  Conservative  in  politics.  In 
1868  he  married  Kate  Macdonald,  of  Toronto, 
by  whom  he  has  three  children. 


738 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Ma  call  11  in,  Archibald,  M.  A.,  LL.B., 
Hamilton,  Ontario,  was  born  in  the  parish 
of  Killmichell,  Argyleshire,  Scotland,  on 
the  first  day  of  August,  1824.  His  parents 
were  Donald  and  Mary  Macalpine  Macal- 
lum.  He  was  the  third  son  and  the  eighth 
child  in  a  family  of  eleven.  When  he  was 
about  six  years  of  age  he  came  with  the 
other  members  of  the  household  to  Canada, 
and  after  a  short  delay  settled  in  East 
Hawkesbury,  county  of  Prescott.  He  was, 
during  the  first  fourteen  years  of  his  life,  a 
healthy,  active  boy,  full  of  life  and  spirits, 
and  always  cheerful  and  hopeful.  But  at 
the  end  of  that  period  he  had  a  severe  attack 
of  inflammation  of  the  lungs,  which,  owing 
to  the  heroic  treatment  then  in  vogue,  per- 
manently weakened  his  constitution  and 
probably  laid  the  foundation  of  the  disease 
that  caused  his  early  and  lamented  death. 
During  Mr.  Macallum's  boyhood  he  spent  a 
number  of  years  in  attending  school  and 
working  at  intervals  on  the  farm.  The 
facilities  for  securing  an  education  were,  in 
those  days,  and  in  that  locality,  very  limit- 
ed. The  schools  in  the  country  sections 
were  of  an  inferior  character,  and  books 
were  difficult  to  obtain,  but  by  availing 
himself  of  every  opportunity  of  securing 
tuition,  and  perseverance  in  private  study, 
he  was  enabled,  at  a  comparatively  early 
age,  to  fit  himself,  in  some  measure  at  least, 
for  the  profession  of  a  teacher,  and  taught 
for  a  few  years  in  his  own  vicinity  with 
acceptance  and  success.  Sometimes,  in 
order  to  keep  ahead  of  his  more  advanced 
pupils,  he  was  compelled  to  study  with 
great  diligence  in  the  intervals  of  school 
work,  but  he  then  formed  the  habit  of  con- 
stant progress  in  the  search  for  know- 
ledge which  remained  with  him  for  life. 
He  was  always  advancing  in  his  attain- 
ments, and  never  satisfied  with  the  pro- 
gress he  had  made.  Once  only  did  he 
yield  to  the  restlessness  and  love  of 
change  that  characterize  the  average  boy. 
He  tried  for  one  winter  the  life  of  a  lum- 
bering man,  and  went  to  Quebec  on  a  raft 
during  the  following  summer;  but  that  life 
was  not  to  his  taste,  and  he  returned  to 
the  work  of  teaching.  When  the  Normal 
School  at  Toronto  was  about  to  be  opened, 
the  late  Dr.  Ryerson  proposed  that  each 
county  council  should  send  one  student, 
who,  after  taking  the  Normal  course,  at 
the  expense  of  the  council,  should  return 
and  illustrate  and  apply,  in  a  sort  of  model 
school,  the  principles  he  had  learned  in 
the  provincial  institution.  In  accordance 
with  this  suggestion,  the  council  of  the 


counties  of  Prescott  and  Russell  arranged 
for  an  examination  of  candidates  for  this 
purpose  to  be  held  at  L'Orignal.  Mr.  Macal- 
lum  was  advised  to  attend  this  examina- 
tion. He  succeeded  in  the  competition,  and 
was  sent  as  the  leading  student  of  his 
county  to  Toronto.  He  was  one  of  the 
earliest  pupils  of  the  Normal  School,  im- 
mediately took  a  high  position,  and  ob- 
tained the  first  first-class  certificate  ever 
f ranted  by  the  Educational  department  of 
'pper  Canada.  He  was  soon  appointed  to 
the  position  of  principal  of  the  Provincial 
Model  School  in  connection  with  the  institu- 
tion in  which  he  had  received  his  training. 
Nothing  could  more  fully  show  the  high 
esteem  in  which  he  was  held  by  the  instruct- 
ors of  the  school,  and  by  Dr.  Ryerson,  who 
at  that  time  took  a  direct  personal  interest 
in  the  welfare  of  the  Normal  and  Model 
Schools.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  Mr. 
Macallum's  high  sense  of  honor  would  not 
allow  him  to  accept  the  distinguished  office 
offered  him  until  he  had  received  the  full 
permission  of  the  Prescott  county  council, 
and  pledged  himself  to  refund  all  advances 
made  by  them  on  his  behalf.  He  entered 
upon  his  duties  as  principal  with  his  usual 
energy,  and  from  the  first  the  Model  School 
was  a  success.  He  secured  the  respect  and 
affection  of  his  pupils,  and  received  many 
tokens  of  their  esteem.  He  remained  in 
Toronto  until  the  year  1858,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Hamilton  to  take  charge  of  the 
public  schools  in  that  city.  He  was  principal 
of  the  Hamilton  Central  School  until  the 
passing  of  the  Educational  Act  of  1874, 
when  he  became  Public  School  Inspector. 
For  twenty  years  he  remained  at  the  head 
of  the  school  system  of  Hamilton,  and  the 
marked  progress  of  the  institutions  under 
his  care  gave  evidence  of  the  ability  and  as- 
siduity with  which  his  important  duties 
were  prosecuted.  He  died  in  the  midst  of 
the  people  in  whose  service  he  had  spent 
the  richest  and  ripest  years  of  his  life.  The 
flags  flying  at  half-mast  in  every  part  of  the 
city,  the  distinguished  cortege  that  follow- 
ed his  remains  to  their  last  earthly  resting- 
place,  and  the  resolutions  of  sympathy  sent 
to  his  widow  from  all  the  leading  societies, 
told  of  the  esteem  in  which  he  was  held. 
Hamilton  mourned  for  him  as  for  an  honor- 
ed father.  Mr.  Macallum's  career  as  a 
student  kept  pace  with  his  work  as  an  edu- 
cator. In  1864  he  took  the  degree  of  B.  A., 
in  Toronto  University  ;  in  1866  he  obtained 
his  M.A.,  and  in  1877  his  LL.B.  As  an 
author,  Mr.  Macallum  occupied  no  mean 
place.  His  publications  were  principally 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


739 


practical  works  on  education.  Several 
valuable  charts,  some  historical,  and  one 
relating  to  the  animal  kingdom,  were  pre- 
pared by  him.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
work  on  grammar,  and  another  on  history, 
and  in  1878  he  published  an  English  Litera- 
ture Primer,  the  merit  of  which  was  so  uni- 
versally recognized  that  in  a  single  year  it 
ran  through  five  editions.  As  a  lecturer  he 
met  with  considerable  success,  chosing  in 
almost  every  case  scientific  subjects.  As  a 
citizen  and  a  man  of  business  Mr.  Macal- 
lum's  abilities  were  known  and  appreciated. 
He  was  a  director  of  the  Canada  Fire  and 
Marine  Insurance  Company,  the  Canada 
Loan  and  Banking  Co. ,  the  Hamilton  Street 
Railway  Co.,  and  The  Hamilton  Ladies' 
College.  In  the  several  patriotic  and  frater- 
nal societies  which  draw  men  nearer  to  each 
other,  and  foster  brotherly  feeling  and  na- 
tional sentiment,  Mr.  Macallum  found  a 
worthy  place.  Asa  Scotchman  he  had  that 
love  for  his  native  land  that  characterizes 
every  good  man  and  true.  At  the  time  of 
his  death  he  was  the  honored  president  of 
the  St.  Andrew's  Society  in  Hamilton.  He 
was  an  organizer,  and  chief,  of  the  Caledonian 
Society.  He  was  also  a  respected  member  of 
Barton  lodge,  A.F.  &  A.M.  His  charities  in 
connection  with  these  and  other  institutions 
were  large,  and  so  unostentatiously  dispens- 
ed, that  their  full  extent,  was  not  known 
until  after  his  death.  In  politics  Mr.  Macal- 
lum was  a  Liberal.  Though  he  held  decided 
views  on  many  of  the  public  questions  of  the 
day,  he  was  moderate  in  expressing  them, 
and  kind  and  considerate  towards  all  who 
differed  from  him.  He  had  deep  convictions 
of  the  responsibilities  and  duties  belonging 
to  good  citizenship,  and  he  was  never  led  by 
mere  sentiment.  He  made  up  his  mind 
carefully  on  these  as  well  as  on  other 
subjects,  and  was  not  to  be  moved  from 
his  conclusions'  after  having  reached  them. 
His  piety  was  deep  and  fervent,  but  un- 
demonstrative. He  was  not  the  man  to 
parade  his  cherished  emotions  and  experi- 
ences before  a  mixed  multitude,  yet  with 
those  of  kindred  spirit  he  delighted  to  hold 
Christian  fellowship.  His  parents  belonged 
to  the  Established  Church  of  Scotland,  in 
which  communion  they  remained  to  the  end 
of  life.  Their  son  found  his  way,  while  yet 
a  youth,  to  a  Wesleyan  place  of  worship,  and 
at  the  age  of  sixteen  years,  he  remained 
after  the  public  service  to  a  class-meeting 
led  by  the  Rev.  Franklin  Metcalf,  and 
united  with  that  church.  To  the  day  of  his 
death  he  remained  a  Methodist,  and  during 
his  residence  in  Hamilton  he  held  the  posi- 


tions of  class-leader,  trustee,  and  stew- 
ard, in  the  Centenary  Church.  He  was  a 
consistent,  earnest,  and  thoughtful  Chris- 
tian, and  kept  himself  unspotted  from  the 
world.  His  sympathies  and  efforts  were 
not,  however,  confined  to  his  own  commun- 
ion, for  every  evangelical  community  found 
in  him  a  brother  and  co-worker.  The  es- 
teem in  which  he  was  held  by  the  Christian 
public  appeared  in  the  fact  that  he  was 
chosen  as  the  first  Canadian  delegate,  with 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Gibson  (then  of  Montreal),  to 
the  International  Sunday  School  Lesson 
Committee  from  1872  to  1879,  the  year  in 
which  he  died.  His  eminent  literary  abili- 
ties, his  rich  scholarship,  and  his  profound 
acquaintance  with  the  word  of  God,  made 
him  an  exceedingly  valuable  workman  in 
this  important  field.  In  connection  with 
these  duties  he  visited  New  York,  Baltimore, 
Chicago,  Indianapolis,  Atlanta  and  New 
Haven.  During  the  early  part  of  Mr.  Mac- 
allum's  residence  in  Toronto,  he  married 
Maria,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Ezra  Adams. 
This  union  was  a  very  happy  one,  though 
not  of  long  duration.  Her  early  and  un- 
expected death  was  deeply  felt  by  him. 
Some  years  after,  in  1859,  he  married  Mary 
Biggar,  daughter  of  Herbert  Biggar,  of 
Mount  Pleasant,  in  the  county  of  Brant. 
Mr.  Biggar  is  still  living  at  the  advanced  age 
of  more  than  eighty  years.  He  was  for  some 
years  a  member  of  the  old  Canadian  parlia- 
ment, and  served  his  friends  nearer  home 
for  a  length  of  time  in  the  county  council. 
Mr.  Macallum's  second  marriage  was  an  ex- 
ceedingly happy  one.  Their  home  was  one 
of  quiet  comfort,  made  bright  and  beautiful 
by  mutual  kindness.  All  that  a  wise  and 
thoughtful  affection  could  do  to  aid  him  in 
health  and  soothe  and  comfort  him  during 
the  lingering  illness  that  took  him  away, 
was  done.  His  wife  and  five  children  sur- 
vive him.  Though  he  died  at  the  early  age 
of  fifty-five  years,  few  names  were  so  long 
and  prominently  before  the  public  as  an 
educator.  For  more  than  thirty  years  he 
occupied  a  position  amongst  the  teachers  of 
this  province  second  to  none.  Largely  self- 
educated  and  self -developed,  he  was  a  bright 
example  of  what  may  be  done,  with  little  or 
no  aid  from  others.  His  life  in  the  home, 
the  school,  the  church,  and  among  his  fel- 
low-citizans  was  one  of  quiet  power.  Few 
men  did  more  for  the  educational  interests 
of  this  country  in  his  day  than  he  did.  But 
his  intellectual  attainments  and  accomplish- 
ments were  rendered  more  influential  by  the 
unswerving  integrity  of  his  life  and  the 
moral  beauty  of  his  character. 


740 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Coolcy,  Rev.  John  W.,  Minister  of 
Zion  Tabernacle,  Methodist  Church,  Hamil- 
ton, was  born  in  Toronto  township,  county 
of  Peel,  Ontario,  on  the  7th  November,  1852. 
His  parents  were  Thomas  and  Ann  Cooley. 
The  former  was  born  on  one  of  the  Channel 
islands,  where  his  father,  a  British  soldier, 
was  stationed  about  the  date  of  the  battle  of 
Waterloo.  He  was  brought  up  near  Belfast. 
His  mother  was  a  native  of  Fermanagh,  Ire- 
land, and  the  family  emigrated  to  Canada 
early  in  life.  Mr.  Cooley,  senior,  was  for 
many  years  a  missionary  agent  of  the  Ameri- 
can Tract  Society  among  the  sailors  on  the 
Welland  Canal,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
active  agents  in  securing  the  closing  of  the 
canal  against  Sunday  traffic.  Rev.  Mr. 
Cooley,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  received 
his  education  chiefly  in  the  public  and  high 
schools  in  Thorold,  under  the  Rev.  John  Mc- 
Neely,  M.  A.  ;  Brampton  High  School,  under 
John  Seath,  B.  A. ,  now  High  School  inspec- 
tor ;  and  in  the  Gait  Collegiate  Institute, 
under  the  principalship  of  the  late  William 
Tassie,  LL.D.  In  1869  he  became  a  public 
school  teacher  in  the  Central  School,  Owen 
Sound.  For  five  years  he  continued  in  the 
profession,  in  different  places,  meanwhile 
prosecuting  his  studies  privately,  and  taking 
an  examination  for  teacher's  certificate  each 
year.  In  the  year  1873  he  was  appointed 
teacher  of  the  Senior  Boys'  School,  Guelph. 
During  this  year  his  religious  conversion 
took  place,  and  he  became  active  in  the  work 
of  the  Methodist  church  and  the  Guelph 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  of 
which  he  was  secretary.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  year  1874,  at  the  request  of  the 
chairman  of  the  district,  coupled  with  his 
own  convictions,  he  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment as  junior  preacher  on  the  Elora  circuit 
of  the  Methodist  church.  His  subsequent 
appointments  were,  1874-75,  Listowel;  1876, 
Hamilton,  Hannah  street  Church ;  and 
in  1877,  Stratford.  In  1878  he  was  or- 
dained and  stationed  at  Elmira,  county  Wat- 
erloo. Toward  the  end  of  his  three  years' 
term  a  throat  affection  compelled  his  tem- 
porary retirement  from  the  work  of  the  min- 
istry. The  greater  part  of  the  next  two 
years  (1881-82)  was  spent  in  newspaper 
work,  as  a  member  of  the  editorial  staff  of 
the  Winnipeg  Free  Press.  In  October,  1882, 
on  his  complete  restoration  to  health,  he  re- 
sumed his  ministerial  work,  being  appointed 
to  Jersey ville  circuit,  near  Brantford.  Three 
years  were  spent  thereon.  In  1885  he  was 
appointed  to  Dunnville,  and  in  1887  to  the 
pastorate  of  Zion  Tabernacle,  Hamilton, 
where  he  now  is.  In  August,  1878.  he  was 


married  to  Emily  H.  Keeling,  of  Guelph, 
daughter  of  the  late  George  M.  Keeling,  the 
founder  of  the  Guelph  Mercury,  who  died  in 
1861.  This  lady  was  a  highly  gifted  musi- 
cian, organist  for  many  years,  and  subse- 
quently choir  leader  as  well,  of  the  Norfolk 
street  Methodist  Church,  Guelph.  She  was 
a  very  popular  vocalist  and  was  widely  es- 
teemed for  her  amiability,  good  judgment 
and  energy  in  social  and  church  work.  She 
died  in  April,  1885,  leaving  two  children, 
one  of  whom  alone  is  now  living.  Rev.  Mr. 
Cooley  is  a  very  active  and  pronounced  tem- 
perance advocate  and  prohibitionist,  and 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  all  other  social 
movements. 

Young,  Hon.  James  Gait,  Ontario, 
is  of  Scotch  descent,  being  the  eldest  son  of 
the  late  John  Young  and  Jeanie  Bell,  natives 
of  Roxboroughshire,  Scotland,  who  came  to 
Canada,  in  1834,  and  at  first  took  up  their 
residence  in  the  village  of  Dundas  in  the 
then  Gore  District.  Almost  immediately 
afterwards  the  family  were  induced  by  the 
Hon.  Wm.  Dickson  to  remove  to  Gait, 
and  here  Mr.  Young  engaged  in  busi- 
ness and  resided  until  his  death  in  1859. 
James  Young,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  born  in  Gait,  on  the  24th  of  May, 
1835,  and  has  ever  since  resided  there. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  place  ;  and  at  an  early 
age  displayed  great  fondness  for  books, 
which  he  has  kept  up  since.  In  his  youth 
he  had  a  predilection  for  the  study  of  the 
law,  but  finding  he  could  not  carry  out  this 
idea,  he  chose  printing  as  a  profession, 
which  he  began  to  learn  when  he  had  reach- 
ed his  sixteenth  year.  When  only  eighteen 
years  of  age,  he  purchased  the  Dumfries 
Reformer,  which  he  afterwards  conducted  for 
about  ten  years.  Under  his  management 
this  paper  attained  a  great  local  influence, 
and  in  addition  was  the  means  of  making 
Mr.  Young  well  known  beyond  the  narrow 
limits  of  Waterloo  county.  During  the  ear- 
lier part  of  the  proprietorship,  the  political 
articles  in  the  paper  were  written  by  one  of 
his  friends,  he  himself  taking  the  general 
supervision  and  contributing  the  local  news. 
Upon  the  completion  of  his  twentieth  year, 
he  took  the  editorial  control,  which  he  re- 
tained until  1863,  when  finding  his  health  not 
very  robust,  he  sold  out  the  Reformer,  and 
retired  from  the  press  for  a  while.  He  after- 
wards went  into  the  manufacturing  business, 
and  became  the  principal  partner  in  the  Vic- 
toria Steam  Betiding  Works  at  Gait,  which 
he  carried  on  successfully  for  about  five 
years.  During  his  connection  with  the  Re- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


741 


former,  Mr.  Young  had  necessarily  taken  a 
conspicuous  part  in  the  discussion  of  poli- 
tical questions,  and   his  paper  was  an  im- 
portant factor  in  determining  the  results  of 
several  local  contests.     He  frequently  took 
the  platform  on  behalf  of  the  Reform  candi- 
date, and  was  known  throughout  the  county 
as  a  ready  and  graceful  speaker.     He  took  a 
conspicuous  part  in  municipal  affairs,  and 
for  six  years  sat  in  the  town  council ;  he  was 
an  active  member  of  the  school  board,  and 
devoted  a  good  deal  of  his  time  to  educati- 
onal matters  ;  and  also  took  a  special  inter- 
est in  commercial  and  trade  questions,  on 
which  he  came  to  be  regarded  as  a  high  au- 
thority.    In  1857,  the  Hamilton  Mercantile 
Library  Association,  having  offered  a  prize 
of  fifty  dollars  for  the  best  essay  on  the  ag- 
ricultural   resources   of  the   country,    Mr. 
Young  carried  off  the  prize.    This  essay  was 
shortly  afterwards    published,    under   the 
title   of    "The   Agricultural   Resources   of 
Canada,  and  the  inducements  they  offer  to 
British  laborers  intending  to   emigrate  to 
this  continent,"  and  was  most  favorably  re- 
ceived by  the  public,  and  highly  praised  by 
the  press.     Eight  years  later  (in  1865),  the 
proprietors  of    the  Montreal  Trade  Review 
offered  two  prizes  for  essays    on  the  Reci- 
procity Treaty,  which  was  then   about  to 
expire,  and  Mr.  Young  sent  in  a  paper  which 
carried  off  the  second  prize.  His  success  on 
this  occasion  led  to  his  receiving  an  invi- 
tation to  attend  the  commercial  convention 
held  next  year  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  and  he 
had  the  satisfaction  of  hearing  on  that  occa- 
sion the  great  speech  on  commerce  delivered 
by  the  late  Hon.  Joseph  Howe.     He  first 
entered    parliament   in  1867,  when  he  was 
elected  by  the  Reform  party  of  South  Wa- 
terloo, as  their  candidate  for  the  House  of 
Commons.    This  was  the  first  election  under 
Confederation,  and  he  was  opposed  by  James 
Cowan,  a  Reform  Coalitionist,  who  was  also 
a  local  candidate  of  great  influence;  and  in 
addition  to  this  Mr.  Young  had  to  encoun- 
ter a  fierce  opposition,  the  late  Hon.  John 
Sandfield  Macdonald,  the  Hon.  William  Mc- 
Dougali,   and  Sir  William  Rowland  taking 
the  field  on  one  occasion  on   behalf  of  Mr. 
Cowan.     These  formidable  opponents  were 
courageously   encountered   by   him    single 
handed,    or  with   such   local   assistance  as 
could  be  procured,  and  he  was  returned  by 
a  majority  of  366  votes.     When  parliamen 
met  in  the  following  November,  he  made  his 
maiden  speech  in  the  House  on  the  Address 
He  also  took  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  de 
bates  of  the  session,  and  materially  strength 
ened    his   position  among  his  constituents 


Iii  was  twice  re-elected  by  acclamation,  first 
t  the  general  election  in  1872,  and  again  in 
874.    Of  the  Mackenzie  government  he  was 
,  loyal  and  earnest   supporter  throughout. 
3e  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  pub- 
ic accounts   for  five  consecutive   sessions, 
ind  after  the   death  of  Mr.  Scatcherd,  be- 
came chairman  of  the  house  when  in    com- 
mittee  of  supply.      Among   his    principal 
speeches  in  parliament,  were  those  on  the 
Intercolonial  Railway,  the  Ballot,  the  ad- 
mission of  British   Columbia,  with  special 
reference  to  the  construction  of  the  Pacific 
Railway  in  ten  years,  the  Treaty  of  Wash- 
ngton  (which  was  unsparingly  condemned), 
;he  Pacific  Scandal,  the  Budget  of  1874,  the 
Naturalization  of  Germans  and  other  aliens, 
and  the  Tariff  question.  Soon  after  entering 
parliament  he  proposed  the  abolition  of  the 
office  of  Queen's  printer,  and  the  letting;  of 
;he  departmental  printing  by  tender.     This 
was  ultimately  carried,  and  effected  a  large 
saving  in  the  annual  expenditure.     In  1871 
tie  submitted  a  bill  to  confirm  the  naturali- 
zation of  all  aliens  who  had  taken  the  oaths 
of  allegiance  and  residence  prior  to  Confe- 
deration, which  became  law.     In  1873  he 
brought  in  a  measure  to  provide  for  votes 
being  taking  by  ballot,  and  the  government 
subsequently  took  up  the  question  and  car- 
ried it.     On  two   occasions   the    House  of 
Commons   unanimously   concurred    in  ad- 
dresses to  Her  Majesty,  prepared  by  him, 
praying  that  the  Imperial  government  would 
take  steps  to  confer  on  Germans  and  other 
naturalized  citizens  the  same  rights  as  sub- 
jects of  British  birth  enjoy  in  all  parts  of  the 
world,  the  law  then  and  still  being  that  they 
have  no  claim  on  British  protection  whenever 
they  pass  beyond  British  territory.  In  1874 
he  proposed  a  committee  and  report,  which 
resulted  in  the  publication  of  the  debates  of 
the  House  of  Commons,  contending  that  the 
people  have  as  much  right  to  know  how  their 
representatives  speak  in  parliament  as  how 
they  vote.     At  the  election  of  1878,  chiefly 
through  a  cry  for  a  German  representative, 
he  was  for  the  first  time  defeated.     In  the 
following  spring  the  general  election  for  the 
Ontario  legislature  came  on,  and  Mr.  Young 
was   requested   by   the    Reformers   of  the 
North    Riding   of   Brant  <to    become   their 
candidate  in  the  local  house.     He   at   first 
declined,  but  on  the  nomination  being  pre- 
ferred a  second  time,   he  accepted  it,  and 
was  returned  by   a  majority  of  344.     For 
many  years  Mr.  Young's  services  have  been 
in  request  as  a  writer  and  public  speaker. 
He  contributed  occasionally  to  the  late  "Can- 
adian Monthly,"  and   has   been   a   regular 


742 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


contributor  for  many  years  to  some  of  our 
leading  commercial  journals,  the  articles 
being  chiefly  upon  the  trade  and  develop- 
ment of  the  country.  He  has  also  appeared 
upon  the  platform  as  a  lecturer  upon  lite- 
rary and  scientific  subjects.  As  a  political 
speaker,  he  has  been  heard  in  many  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  province,  throughout  which 
he  now  enjoys  a  very  wide  circle  of  acquaint- 
ance. He  has  held  and  still  holds  many  posi- 
tions of  honor  and  trust.  He  is  a  director 
of  the  Confederation  Life  Association,  and  of 
the  Canada  Landed  Credit  Company;  has 
been  president  and  is  now  vice-president  of 
the  Sabbath  School  Association  of  Canada  ; 
.  is  president  of  the  Gore  District  Mutual  Fire 
Insurance  Company  ;  was  for  eleven  years 
president  of  the  Associated  Mechanics' 
Institutes  of  Ontario  ;  and  a  member 
of  the  Council  of  the  Agricultural  and 
Arts  Association.  A  few  years  ago  Mr. 
Young  wrote  and  published  a  little  volume 
of  272  pages,  entitled  "Reminiscences  of 
the  Early  History  of  Gait,  and  the  Settle- 
ment of  Dumfries."  Apart  from  the  fact 
that  works  of  this  class  deserve  encourage- 
-ment  in  Canada,  Mr.  Young's  book  has 
\ecial  merits  which  are  not  always  found  in 

Action  with  Canadian  local  annals.     It 
ytten  in  a  pleasant  and  interesting  style, 

>5h  makes  it  readable  even  to  persons 
>vho  know  nothing  of  the  district  whereof  it 
-treats.  On  June  2nd,  1883,  Mr.  Young  was 
appointed  by  the  Mowat  Government,  and 
sworn  in  as  treasurer  of  the  province  of 
Ontario,  and  on  appealing  to  the  electors  of 
North  Brant,  his  acceptance  of  office  was 
approved  by  a  majority  of  551.  On  the  29th 
October  of  the  same  year  he  was  compelled 
to  resign  his  portfolio  on  account  of  his 
health,  which,  impaired  by  political  and 
literary  overwork,  particularly  during  the 
preceding  twelve  months,  was  found  unable 
for  the  time  being  to  stand  the  close  confine- 
ment of  office  work.  At  the  next  election 
for  the  Ontario  Legislature  in  December, 
1886,  he  wrote  a  letter,  declining  to  accept 
renomination  to  the  local  house.  We  are 
glad  to  say  Mr.  Young's  health  may  now  be 
said  t )  be  fully  restored,  evidence  of  which 
was  furnished  during  1887  by  the  publica- 
tion of  a  pamphlet  from  his  pen  on  the  sub- 
ject of  the  national  future  of  Canada,  and 
discussing  the  question  of  commercial  union 
and  imperial  federation.  This  brochure  op- 
poses both  these  schemes,  and  takes  strong 
ground  in  favour  of  Canadian  nationality, 
and  has  been  widely  read  throughout  the 
Dominion,  having  gone  to  a  second  edition. 
In  religion  Hon.  Mr.  Young  is  a  Presbyter- 


ian, and  in  politics  a  Liberal.  On  the  llth 
February,  1858,  he  married  Margaret,  second 
daughter  of  John  McNaught,  of  Brantford. 
Hamilton,  Robert,  D.C.L.,  Bishop's 
College,  Lonnoxville,  Quebec,  was  born  at 
New  Liverpool,  near  the  city  of  Quebec,  on 
1st  September,  1822.  His  father  was  George 
Hamilton,  of  Hawkesbury,  and  of  Quebec. 
He  was  educated  under  the  Rev.  Dr.  Urqu- 
hart,  of  Cornwall,  and  was  only  seventeen 
years  old  when  his  father  died  from  the 
effects  of  a  severe  cold  caused  by  exposure 
while  discharging  his  duties  as  colonel  of 
militia  during  the  rebellion  of  1837.  His 
eldest  son,  Robert,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
at  once  undertook  his  share  of  the  labors  and 
responsibilities  connected  with  the  extensive 
lumbering  business  which  had  been  built  up 
slowly  and  painfully  amid  many  discourage- 
ments. In  those  early  days  of  the  country's 
growth  there  were  none  of  the  modern  ap- 
pliances for  facilitating  work  of  every  kind. 
Large  enterprises  were  carried  on  under  cir- 
cumstances which  demanded  forethought, 
caution,  and  resolution.  The  means  of  com- 
munication were  limited,  tedious  and  un- 
certain. There  were  no  frail  ways,  only  a 
few  sluggish  steamers — and  no  telegraphs. 
Even  the  mails  were  carried  in  a  leisurely 
way  over  the  country.  When  parties  of 
men  were  despatched  in  the  autumn  of  each 
year  to  the  rivers  Rouge  and  Gatineau  for 
the  long  winter's  work  of  cutting  down 
thousands  of  trees  and  placing  the  logs  upon 
the  ice,  it  was  necessary  to  provide  them 
with  supplies  of  every  kind.  Pork,  biscuit, 
tea,  sugar,  and  clothing  were  conveyed  to 
them  by  sleighs  from  Hawkesbury — if  not 
from  Montreal.  The  breaking  up  of  the  ice 
in  the  spring  was  always  a  very  anxious 
time.  The  rapid  rise  of  the  rivers  rendered 
the  return  journey  of  the  men  very  perilous. 
The  booms  stretched  across  the  mouth  of 
each  river  sometimes  proved  quite  insuffici- 
ent to  withstand  the  pressure  of  the  water 
covered  with  thousands  of  logs.  The  mills 
built  at  Hawkesbury  for  cutting  up  the  logs 
and  preparing  them  for  the  British  market 
were  extensive  and  kept  in  a  state  of  admir- 
able efficiency,  being  supplied  each  winter 
with  every  new  improvement.  The  season 
for  work  was  very  short — for  the  waters 
fell  as  rapidly  almost  as  they  rose — 
and  the  difficulty  of  conveying  the  logs  in 
rafts  to  New  Liverpool  became  serious  as 
the  summer  advanced  and  the  rivers  became 
shallow.  Six  weeks  represented  the  long 
voyage  of  a  raft  from  the  mills  at  Hawkes- 
bury to  the  cove  at  New  Liverpool.  Here 
the  tedious  process  of  washing  each  deal 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


7*8 


with  Imeki'tsaml  brooms  ami  ilu-n  marking 
its  quality-  whether  1st,  2nd  or  \\r<\  class — 
occupied  many  weeks.  Then  followed  the 

iy  ()f  the  deals  on  board  the  ships 
which  in  those  days  were  generally  chartered 
to  carry  them  to  London,  where  another 

us*  and  examination  followed  their  de- 
livery at  the  docks,  and  then  they  were  sold 
as  promptly  as  the  market  would  permit, 
for  the  capital  represented  by  them  from 
first  to  last  was  very  large  and  long  locked 
n  j-  from  the  crown  license  to  cut  down  the 
trees  on  through  the  months  of  winter, 
spring,  summer  and  autumn,  and  in  some 
cases  a  second  winter  and  spring— -before  the 
London  market  was  reached.  Such  a  busi- 
ness in  its  numerous  departments  and  in  its 
unceasing  demands  for  judgment,  patience, 
endurance  and  persistence  was  an  educa- 
tion iu  itself.  The  best  qualities  of  a  man's 
head  and  heart  were  surd  to  be  exercised, 
developed  and  strengthened.  Robert  Ham- 
ilton quickly  and  resolutely  gave  himself  in 
the  most  thorough  systematic  manner  to  his 
life's  work  and  has  not  only  built  up  a  lib- 
eral fortune,  but  guarded  and  promoted  the 
welfare  of  the  large  family  of  whom  he  was 
the  eldest — but  seventeen  years  old,  as  he 
aaid,  atw'.o  time  of  his  father's  death.  Mr. 
Hamilton,  in  the  use  of  his  fortune,  has  af- 
forded an  example  much  needed  in  every 
young  community.  In  no  sense  has  he  been 
brought  under  the  power  of  wealth,  and  in 
no  direction  has  wealth  spoiled  or  marred  his 
character.  He  has  studied  and  realized  in 
his  family,  and  in  his  life  in  the  community, 
the  rare  satisfaction  of  using  money  liberally, 
judiciously,  and  with  taste,  avoiding  every 
abuse  of  it.  Li  is  home  at  Hamwood  on  the  St. 
Foy  road,  near  Quebec,  is  a  pattern  of  simpli- 
city, taste  and  comfort  -all  that  an  educated 
gentleman  of  refinement  should  have  about 
him,  and  for  the  comfort  and  advantage  of  his 
family,  he  has  brought  together  in  a  home 
which  is  full  of  pleasant  memories  and  ran) 
attractions  to  many  because  of  the  quiet  en- 
joyment which  its  hospitalities  havo  afforded 
them.  He  has  never  taken  any  part  in  the 
politics  of  the  country — his  tastes  and  prefer- 
ences drawing  him  to  the  study  and  promo- 
tion of  other  interests.  As  a  member  of  the 
Church  of  England,  he  is  widely  known  for 
his  generous  aid  to  all  good  works.  The 
diocese  of  Quebec  has  found  in  him  a  true 
and  intelligent  friend.  He  has  never  put 
himself  forward  to  relieve  others  of  their 
proper  responsibilities,  the  due  discharge  of 
which  has  so  much  to  do  with  their 
characters  and  their  happiness  in  life. 
Recognizing  the  responsibilities  attaching  to 


him  as  a  man  of  wealth,  he  has  been  no 
easy,  good-natured  carel.-ss  ;,i\or,  but  has 
patiently  and  thoroughly  studied  the  best 
way*  and  methods  of  applying  his  large  and 
generous  gifts  both  to  parishes  and  to  the 
diocese  of  Quebec,  and  to  the  University  of 
Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville.  These  have 
been  so  applied  as  to  call  out  the  active 
oiuMX'ios  nnd  co-operation  of  others,  and 
the  result  is  to  be  seen  in  the  permanent 
and  satisfactory  endowments  so  needful  for 
a  church  whose  members  in  such  a  com- 
munity as  the  province  of  Quebec  must 
always  be  few  in  number  and  weak  in  re- 
sources. The  University  of  Bishop's  Col- 
lege, in  recognition  of  his  position  and 
services, conferred  upon  him  in  1885  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  D.O.L.  In  1845  he  married 
the  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  John  Thom- 
son of  Westneld,  near  Quebec.  He  has  a 
large  family,  and  is  surrounded  by  an  at- 
tractive crowd  of  grand-children.  His  sum- 
mer resort  at  Caoouna  is  full  of  attractions 
— foremost  amongst  them  being  the  gather- 
ing of  his  children  and  their  families  about 
him. 

Lount,  William,  Q.C.,  Toronto,  On- 
tario, was  born  at  Newmarket,  on  the  3rd 
of  March,  1840.  His  father  was  George 
Lount,  then  registrar,  and  brother  of  Samuel 
Lount,  who  was  executed  with  Matthews  in 
1837,  during  the  rebellion.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  received  his  education  at  the 
Grammar  School,  Barrie/ftudied  law  with 
Mr.(now  Sir)  Adam  WiVOn,  finishing  his  last 
years  with  Mowat  tYY  McLennan,  and  was 
called  to  the  bar  of  Upper  Canada  in  1861 , 
when  he  immediately  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  Barrie.  In  1867  he 
ran  for  the  Ontario  legislature,  for  the 
North  Riding  of  Simcoe  against  Angus  Mor- 
rison. He  was  elected  by  a  fair  majority, 
and  supported  the  Santield  Macdonald  gov- 
ernment, for  four  sessions  ;  but  on  seeking 
re-election  he  was  opposed  by  W.  D.  Ardagh, 
the  regular  Conservative  nominee,  and  H. 
H.  Cook,  the  Reform  nominee  and  was 
defeated,  Mr.  Ardagh  being  elected.  He 
then  retired  from  politics  owing  to  its  taking 
too  much  of  his  time  from  his  profession. 
He  had  in  the  meantime  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  Boys,  now  the  junior  judge 
of  ihc  county  of  Simcoe,  "which  lasted  for 
some  years,  when  a  new  partnership  was 
formed  by  the  admission  of  D'Arcy  Boulton, 
Q  C.,  and  H.  D.  Stewart.  Five  years  later 
this  linn  was  dissolved,  Mr.  Lount  retiring 
and  forming  a  partnership  with  his  brother, 
as  Lount  A  Lount.  This  partnership  was 
continued  until  the  decease  of  the  late  James 


744 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Bethune,  Q.C.,  when  Mr.  Lount  entered 
into  partnership  with  Mr.  Bethune's  late 
partner,  Mr.  Marsh,  under  the  name  of 
Lount  &  Marsh,  in  Toronto,  which  firm 
still  continues.  He  received  his  patent  as 
Queen's  counsel  from  the  Ontario  govern- 
ment on  llth  March,  3876,  and  from  the 
Dominion  government  in  1877.  He  has 
acted  as  Crown  counsel  for  the  Ontario  gov- 
ernment on  several  important  cases.  He 
has  always  been  president  of  the  North 
Simcoe  Reform  Association,  taking  a  very 
active  interest  in  its  affairs,  laying  all  the 
plans  and  organizing  the  party  for  the  fray. 
He  was  married  on  the  17th  J  uly,  1874,  to 
Miss  Orris,  daughter  of  John  Orris,  on  lake 
Erie,  near  Dunnville,  and  grand- daughter  of 
Colonel  Cotter  who  fought  at  the  battle  of 
Waterloo,  in  which  action  he  took  a  very 
active  part  as  captain  in  a  British  regiment 
of  the  line. 

Buchanan,  Wentworth  Jame§, 
Montreal,  General  Manager  of  the  Bank  of 
Montreal,  is  one  of  a  class  of  native  Cana- 
dians of  which  the  Dominion  has  reason  to 
be  proud — a  class  of  men  who,  beginning 
life  with  the  prestige  of  an  honorable  family 
record,  won  by  industry,  energy  and  integrity 
in  the  professions,  make  it  their  aim  to  in- 
crease that  prestige  by  their  own  personal 
exertions.  Mr.  Buchanan's  grandfather 
came  to  Quebec  with  the  49th  regiment, — 
Colonel  (afterwards  Sir  Isaac)  Brock,  in  com- 
mand— and  was  a  surgeon  in  that  regiment. 
His  father,  Alexander  Buchanan,  was  only 
four  years  of  age  when  he  accompanied  his 
parents  to  Canada.  After  receiving  a  good 
education  in  the  then  available  schools,  he 
studied  law  with  the  late  Andrew  and  James 
Stuart  (afterwards  Sir  James),  of  Quebec, 
rose  to  be  one  of  the  ablest  jurists  who  ever 
practised  at  the  Montreal  bar,  and  was  a 
Queen's  counsel  in  the  days  when  this  honor 
was  conferred  upon  very  few.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  the  oldest  judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  the  Lower  Canada.  James 
Wentworth  Buchanan  was  the  second  son  of 
this  venerable  judge,  and  was  born  on  the 
llth  December,  1828.  He  received  a  sound 
commercial  education;  and  the  great  mone- 
tary institution  in  which  he  was  destined  to 
attain  so  prominent  a  position  was  not  yet 
thirty-five  years  in  operation  when  he  began 
his  career.  That  was  in  1847,  when  he  en- 
tered the  Co  nmercial  Bank  as  a  clerk,  and 
five  and  a  half  years  later  he  obtained  a 
situation  in  the  Bank  of  Montreal.  From 
March,  1853,  until  1858,  he  applied  himself 
steadily  to  his  duties,  with  such  satisfaction 
to  his  superiors  that  in  the  latter  year  he 


was  appointed  manager  of  the  branch  at 
Woodstock,  and,  subsequently,  held  in  suc- 
cession a  similar  charge  at  Brantford,  Co- 
bourg,  Hamilton  and  Toronto,  Ontario,  ac- 
quitting himself  at  each  of  these  places  in 
such  a  way  that  confidence  in  his  ability  and 
integrity  increased  from  year  to  year.  In 
1874  he  was  promoted  to  the  post  of  local 
manager  at  Montreal.  In  1880,  the  late  Mr. 
Smithers  being  made  general  manager,  Mr. 
Buchanan  became  assistant  general  manager; 
and  in  1881,  on  the  election  of  the  former 
gentleman  to  the  presidency,  he  was  chosen 
his  successor,  and  since  then  he  has  occupied 
the  highly  responsible  position  of  general 
manager. 

While,  Hon.  Thomas,  Ottawa,  Min- 
ister of  the  Interior  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  M.  P.  for  Cardwell,  Ontario,  was 
born  at  Montreal,  on  the  7th  of  August, 
1830.  His  father  was  Irish,  a  county  West- 
meath  man,  and  his  mother  Scotch,  having 
been  born  in  Edinburgh.  Mr.  White,  senior, 
carried  on  business  as  a  leather  merchant 
in  Montreal  for  many  years,  where  he  was 
greatly  respected.  He  sent  Thomas,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  to  the  High  School  of 
that  city,  where  he  received  the  education 
which  in  later  years  he  was  destined  to  turn 
to  such  excellent  account.  Having  left 
school,  he  engaged  for  some  years  in  mer- 
cantile pursuits,  but  this  was  not  according 
to  his  taste,  and  he  soon  made  up  his  mind 
to  abandon  the  calling,  and  accepted  a  posi- 
sion  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Quebec 
Gazette— which  position  was  offered  him  in 
consequence  of  an  address  he  had  delivered 
on  temperance  in  the  city  of  Quebec  some 
time  before,  and  which  attracted  great  at- 
tention. In  1853  he  started,  in  company 
with  his  brother-in-law,  Robert  Remain,  the 
Peterboro'  Review,  which  he  was  connected 
with  until  1860.  Then  he  entered  upon  the 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  the  Hon.  Sidney 
Smith,  Q.C.,  of  Peterboro',  and  prosecuted 
his  studies  during  the  full  term  of  four 
years.  He  then  removed  to  Hamilton,  and, 
with  his  brother  Richard  White,  purchased 
the  Spectator  newspaper,  which  they  con- 
ducted with  great  energy  from  1864  to  1870. 
Mr.  White,  from  an  early  age,  evinced  a 
marked  interest  in  public  affairs;  and  when 
he  was  yet  a  very  young  man,  was  chosen 
reeve  of  the  town  of  Peterboro'.  He  like- 
wise always  took  a  great  interest  in  educa- 
tional affairs,  and  served  upon  the  Grammar 
School  boards  in  Peterboro'  and  Hamilton. 
In  Montreal,  where  in  later  years  his  chief 
personal  interests  were  centred,  he  took  an 
important  part  in  civic  and  general  business. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


745 


He  was  for  a  number  of  years  representative 
of  the  Montreal  Board  of  Trade  in  the  Do- 
minion Board  ;  for  three  years  a  member  of 
the  executive  committee  of  the  Dominion 
Board  of  Trade,  and  representative  for  five 
years  of  that  body  at  the  National  Board  of 
Trade  of  the  United  States.  But  important 
and  ever  conspicuous  connection  with  civic 
matters,  and  with  associations,  did  not  sat- 
isfy the  ambition  of  Mr.  White.  He  had 
been  for  years  a  close  and  careful  observer  of 
political  events,  and  a  conscientious  student 
of  public  questions.  So  he  resolved  to  seek 
admission  to  parliament  ;  and  when  he 
sought  that  admission  he  did  not  go  as  a 
raw  recruit,  who  has  to  study  public  ques- 
tions after  he  has  entered  the  legislature. 
His  mind  was  well  stored  with  practical  in- 
formation, and  his  judgment  ripened  by  a 
wide  experience.  In  1878,  he  was  first  re- 
turned to  parliament  for  Cardwell,  his  pre- 
sent seat.  But  this  success  was  not  achieved 
without  much  perseverance  and  strong  ef- 
forts. In  1867,  he  was  an  unsuccessful  can- 
didate for  South  Wentworth  in  the  Ontario 
legislature;  in  1874,  for  the  county  of  Pres- 
cott,  in  the  House  of  Commons;  and  in  1875 
and  1876,  respectively,  for  Montreal  West,  in 
the  House  of  Commons.  It  may  be  pointed 
out  that  the  aggregate  majority  against  him 
in  the  three  first  elections  amounted  to  only 
sixteen  votes.  Mr.  White  has  retained  his 
seat  for  Cardwell  since  1878.  He  has 
always  been  an  able  and  very  conscientious 
supporter  of  the  Conservative  party's  nati- 
onal policy,  and  is  always  prepared  with  an 
invincible  array  of  arguments  to  defend  the 
position  which  he  takes  upon  this  question. 
He  is  one  of  the  most  industrious  members 
of  the  House  of  Commons,  and  best  informed 
on  the  goverment  side  of  the  house  on  ques- 
tions of  trade  and  commerce.  Hon.  Mr.  White 
is  a  graceful,  polished  and  telling  speaker  ; 
always  conveys  the  impression  of  being 
master  of  his  subject,  and  never  becomes 
confused  when  he  gets  upon  his  feet.  In 
1885,  affairs  in  the  Northwest  Territories 
assumed  a  very  unsatisfactory  state,  rebel- 
lion broke  out,  and  general  discontent  pre- 
vailed anent  the  government's  management 
of  that  vast  territory.  At  this  time  Sir 
David  Macpherson,  minister  of  the  interior, 
was  suffering  from  illness  and  unable  to 
cope  with  the  many  questions  forced  upon 
him  through  this  unfortunate  state  of  things, 
and  when  compelled  to  resign  and  go  to 
Germany  to  restore  his  health  every 
one  began  to  search  for  a  man  of  abil- 
ity to  take  charge  of  the  vacated  depart- 
mental headship.  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald 


selected  the  member  for  Cardwell  to  fill  the 
vacancy,  and  the  most  complete  satisfaction 
was  evinced  by  the  public,  indeed  even  or- 
gans most  bitterly  opposed  to  the  govern- 
ment admitted  that  the  selection  was  a  most 
admirable  one,  for  the  industry,  the  ability 
for  organization,  and  the  capacity  of  the 
minister  elect,  were  known  to  every  one. 
Almost  immediately  after  receiving  the  ap- 
pointment, Mr.  White  proceeded  to  the 
Northwesl,  and  made  painstaking  inves- 
tigation into  the  many  unsettled  affairs  in 
that  region;  and  it  is  not  necessary  to  show 
how  numerous,  how  tedious,  and  how  im- 
mense this  task  was,  and  the  work  which 
afterwards  fell  to  him  at  his  office  in  the 
capital.  We  mention  this  to  show  the  grave 
responsibility  resting  upon  the  shoulders  of 
the  minister  of  the  interior ,  but  there  is 
much  satisfaction  in  knowing  that  there  is  no 
public  man  of  whom  we  have  any  knowledge 
better  fitted  to  cope  with  the  Northwest 
difficulties  than  Mr,  White.  Before  closing 
the  sketch,  we  think  it  is  only  fair  to  men- 
tion that  the  Hon.  Mr.  White,  like  many  of 
the  leading  men  who  now  hold  public  posi- 
tions, received  his  early  training  as  a  speaker 
in  the  division  rooms  of  the  Sons  of  Temp- 
erance, and  that,  when  a  young  man  and  a 
resident  of  Lower  Canada,  he  occupied  one 
of  the  highest  offices  in  the  Grand  Division 
of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  of  the  province 
of  Quebec,  and  was  the  first  in  Canada  to 
write  a  pamphlet  explaining  the  aims  and 
objects  of  an  order  of  temperance  workers, 
that  are  as  active  to-day  in  extending  the 
cause  of  temperance  and  prohibition  as  it 
was  about  forty  years  ago,  when  the  order 
was  first  introduced  into  Canada. 

Dupl<*§§i§,  L.oui§  Theodule  IVcree 
LcNoblet,  Advocate,  Three  Rivers, 
M.P.P.  for  the  county  of  St.  Maurice,  Que- 
bec province,  was  born  at  St.  Anne  d'Ya- 
machiche,  on  the  5th  March,  1355.  He  is 
the  fourth  son  of  Joseph  LeNoblet  Duplessis 
and  Marie  Louise  Lefebvre  Descoteaux.  His 
ancestors  came  from  France  at  the  end  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  and  settled  at  La 
Pointe-du-Lac,  in  the  district  of  Three 
Rivers.  He  was  educated  at  the  Seminary 
of  Nicolet  and  at  the  Seminary  of  Three 
Rivers.  He  studied  law  as  a  profession,  and 
in  January,  1880,  was  called  to  the  bar  of 
Lower  Canada,  and  is  now  practising  in 
Three  Rivers,  in  partnership  with  J.  M. 
Deselets,  Q.C.  Mr.  Duplessis  did  not  take 
an  active  part  in  politics  until  the  general 
election  of  1886,  when  he  was  returned  to 
the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Quebec  for  the 
county  of  St.  Maurice.  In  religion  he  is  an 


746 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


adherent  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church, 
and  in  politics  a  Conservative .  He  is  a  ris- 
ing man,  and  not  many  years  hence  will 
make  his  mark  in  the  legislature  of  his  na- 
tive province.  On  the  14th  July,  1886,  he 
was  married  to  Bertha  Ce"cile  Genest,  daugh- 
ter of  L.  U.  A.  Genest,  clerk  of  the  peace 
for  the  district  of  Three  Rivers. 

Clarke,  Henrjr  Edward,  M.P.P.  for 
West  Toronto,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
and  one  of  the  rising  men  in  the  provincial 
capital,  was  born  at  Three  Rivers,  Quebec, 
on  the  20th  of  March,  1829.  He  is  a  son  of 
Henry  Clarke,  and  Ellen  Armstrong,  both 
of  whom  came  from  Midhill,  county  of  Fer- 
managh, Ireland.  Our  subject  received  his 
tuition,  which  comprised  a  sound  and  prac- 
tical English  education,  from  public  teach- 
ers and  private  instructors,  and  at  fifteen 
years  of  age  Mr.  Clarke  left  home  to  push 
his  fortune  in  the  world.  Commerce  drew 
him  into  its  busy  and  active  field.  At  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  had  learned  the  trade  of 
saddle  and  trunkmaking,  and  found  employ- 
ment in  one  of  the  largest  shops  in  Montreal. 
Here  he  remained  until  1848,  and  then  re- 
moved to  Ottawa  (then  Bytown),  where,  in 
the  following  year,  when  barely  twenty  years 
of  age,  we  find  him  foreman  of  the  largest 
saddlery  shop  in  the  town.  At  Ottawa  he 
remained  for  about  four  years,  working  dili- 
gently, and  perfecting  himself  in  his  trade. 
Mr.  Clarke  again  returned  to  Montreal  in 
1853,  and  the  next  year  he  was  sent  to  To- 
ronto to  open  a  branch  trunk  store  for  R. 
Dean  &  Co.,  of  Montreal.  Mr.  Clarke  now 
resolved  to  carry  on  business  for  himself,  and 
in  ten  months  after. his  arrival  here  he  bought 
out  the  business  of  R.  Dean  &  Co.  Although 
he  had  little  capital  at  his  command,  he  had 
industry  and  perseverance,  and  the  result  is 
that  we  now  find  him  at  the  head  of  one  of 
the  largest  trunk  manufacturing  establish- 
ment in  America,  and  one  of  the  most  solid 
and  enterprising  of  Toronto's  citizens.  Al- 
though an  active  man  in  his  own  business, 
yet  Mr.  Clarke  has  found  some  time  to  de- 
vote to  public  affairs.  For  eight  years  he 
was  a  director  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  ; 
was  alderman  for  St.  George's  Ward  in  1879, 
and  for  St.  Andrew's  Ward  for  the  years 
1881,  '82,  and  '83.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
Court  of  Revision  in  1881,  and  of  the  Exe- 
cutive Committee  in  1883.  He  was  elected, 
in  1883,  and  again  in  1887,  to  represent  To- 
ronto West  in  the  Ontario  Parliament,  and 
this  seat  he  still  holds.  He  was  also  for  a 
time  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Federal  Bank. 
As  a  politician  Mr.  Clarke  has  achieved  dis- 
tinction and  won  a  high  place  for  himself  in 


the  Ontario  legislature.  He  is  an  effective 
speaker,  and  has  on  repeated  occasions  ably 
supported  his  leader,  Mr.  Meredith,  in  the  ac- 
tive duties  of  legislation,  and  done  good  ser- 
vice to  his  party  on  the  floor  of  the  house. 
As  an  ardent  Conservative,  he  sits  at  present 
in  the  cold  shades  of  opposition  ;  though  did 
a  change  of  government  come,  Mr.  Clarke 
would  find  himself  not  only  "  on  the  Treas- 
ury benches,  "  but  no  doubt  among  the  pro- 
minent members  of  the  cabinet.  He  pos- 
sesses an  active  and  practical  mind,  is  fairly 
well  read,  and  keeps  himself  posted  on  all  the 
leading  questions  of  the  day,  in  so  far  as 
they  come  under  the  purvieu  of  politics.  Lately 
he  has  taken  a  prominent  part  in  opposing  the 
Commercial  Union  of  Canada  with  the  United 
States,  feeling  that  it  might  tend  to  an  un- 
desirable political  alliance  with  the  Republic, 
and  retard  the  industrial  life  and  develop- 
ment of  Canada.  On  this  subject,  Mr.  Clarke 
contributed  his  views  on  the  opposition  side 
of  the  argument  to  the  Canadian  Almanac 
for  1888,  Mr.  Erastus  Wiman,  of  New  York, 
taking  the  affirmative  side.  On  other  sub- 
jects of  practical  moment,  in  the  domain  of 
politics  and  legislation,  Mr.  Clarke  has  writ- 
ten and  spoken  much,  and  his  views  always 
command  considerabe  public  attention.  Mr. 
Clarke  is  an  Orangeman,  having  joined  the 
order  in  1849.  He  travelled  extensively  in 
1878,  and  visited  London,  Edinburgh,  Dub- 
lin, Belfast,  Paris,  Geneva,  Mont  Blanc, 
Berne,  Lucerne,  Munich,  Vienna,  Trieste, 
Venice,  Florence,  Rome,  Naples,  Pompeii, 
and  other  historic  places.  On  his  return,  he 
delivered  a  lecture  called  "  Impressions  of  a 
Tour  in  Europe,"  in  Richmond  street  Meth- 
odist Church,  and  afterwards  published  it  in 
pamphlet  form.  Mr.  Clarke  belongs  to  the 
Methodist  denomination,  and  in  politics  is  a 
Conservative.  He  married  in  May,  1856, 
Anne,  daughter  of  the  late  Thomas  Kennedy, 
of  Montreal,  and  has  a  familv  of  three  chil- 
dren, a  boy  and  two  girls.  His  son  died  at 
the  age  of  fourteen  years.  Mr.  Clarke's 
career  has  been  industrious  and  honorable, 
and  he  enjoys  the  fruits  of  his  labors  and 
the  respect  of  his  fellow  men. 

Desilet§,  Jo«<  pli  Moisc,  Q.C.,  Ad- 
vocate, Three  Rivers,  Quebec,  was  born  on 
the  13th  April,  1838,  at  Becancour,  county 
of  Nicolet.  He  is  the  son  of  Isidore  Disi- 
lets  and  of  Marie  Perenne  de  Moras,  both 
belonging  to  old  French  families.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  at  the  College  of  Nico- 
let and  St.  Hyacinthe.  He  adopted  law  as 
a  profession,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  of 
Lower  Canada  on  the  2nd  September,  1862. 
He  was  appointed  a  Queen's  counsel,  March 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


747 


9th,  1887.  He  was  alderman  for  the  city  of 
Three  Rivers  from  1864  to  1 869 ;  mayor  of  the 
same  city  from  1869  to  1 872,  and  district  ma- 
gistrate for  the  district  of  Three  Rivers  from 
1873  to  1878.  Mr.  Desilets  is  now  practis- 
ing in  partnership  with  N.  L.  Duplessis, 
advocate,  and  M.  P.  P.  for  the  county  of  St. 
Maurice.  In  religion  he  is  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic, and  in  politics  a  Conservative.  He  was 
married,  June  3,  1863,  to  Marie  Malvina 
Trudel,  the  only  daughter  of  the  late  Oliver 
Trudel,  notary,  and  of  Sophia  Suite. 

Morris,  John  Lang,  B.C.L.,  Q.C., 
Barrister,  Montreal,  born  at  Perth,  Onta- 
rio, in  1835,  is  the  youngest  son  of  the 
late  Hon.  William  Morris  and  Elizabeth 
Cochrane,  and  was  educated  at  High  School, 
Montreal,  and  McGill  College,  graduating 
as  B.C.L.  in  1859.  He  steadied  Jaw  under 
his  brother,  the  Hon.  Alexander  Morris,  the 
late  Judge  Torrance  and  the  Hon.  Judge 
Cross,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Montreal 
bar  in  June,  1859.  Mr.  Morris  has  long 
enjoyed  a  large  and  influential  practice — 
his  partners  having  been  Robert  A.  Leach, 
son  of  the  late  Very  Rev.  Archdeacon  Leach, 
a  talented  young  advocate  whose  promising 
career  was  prematurely  cut  short  by  death  ; 
the  late  Judge  Torrance,  and  subsequently 
the  late  Thomas  W.  Ritchie,  Q.C. ,  and  Wil- 
liam Rose,  son  of  Sir  John  Rose,  Bart. 
His  present  partner  is  Charles  M.  Holt, 
B.C.L.,  son  of  the  late  Judge  Holt,  of 
Quebec,  and  the  business  is  carried  on 
under  the  firm  name  of  Morris  &  Holt. 
Mr.  Morris  is  a  specialist  in  commercial, 
real  estate  and  ecclesiastical  law — is  a  clear, 
logical  and  convincing  pleader,  and  has  been 
for  many  years  the  counsel  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church.  In  this  last  capacity  he  con- 
ducted successfully  in  all  the  courts  of  the 
province  of  Quebec,  the  celebrated  case  of 
Dobie  and  the  Temporalities  Board.  He  was 
retained  by  the  church  to  plead  the  same  cause 
before  her  Majesty's  Privy  Council  in  England 
and  although  the  judgment  of  our  court  was 
modified  in  some  respects,  he  was  successful 
in  inducing  that  tribunal  not  to  grant  the 
prayer  of  the  anti-unionists  that  the  funds 
be  handed  over  to  them.  Upon  the  strength 
of  this  judgment  legislation  was  subsequent- 
ly obtained  from  the  Dominion  Parliament 
which  set  at  rest  the  pretensions  of  the 
minority  to  hold  the  church  funds.  This 
act,  as  stated  by  the  Rev.  Robert  Campbell, 
D.D.,  in  his  "History  of  the  St.  Gabriel 
st.  Church,  Monti eal,"  "met  with  stout  op- 
position in  the  private  bills  committee 
of  both  houses  of  parliament — calling  forth 
the  magnificent  speeches  of  Principal  Grant, 


of  Kingston,  Mr.  Macdonnell,  of  Toronto, 
and  John  L.  Morris,  of  Montreal,  in  reply 
to  Messrs.  Macmaster,  Brymner  and  Lang." 
In  religion,  Mr.  Morris,  following  in  the 
footsteps  of  his  father,  is  a  "true  blue" 
Presbyterian,  and  has  been  an  elder  in  con- 
nection with  St.  Andrew's,  and  since  the 
union  of  Presbyterians,  with  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Montreal.  He  took  a  very  active 
and  leading  part  in  promoting  the  union  of 
the  Presbyterian  churches  in  1875,  both  by 
his  speeches  on  the  floor  of  the  synod  and 
professionally  in  successfully  defending  the 
various  suits  instituted  by  the  minority  op- 
posed to  the  union.  He  has  been  a  Sunday 
school  teacher  and  superintendent  for  over 
thirty  years.  Like  his  elder  brother  the 
Hon.  A.  Morris,  he  has  taken  a  great  inter- 
est in  Canadian  affairs,  and  has  delivered  a 
number  of  popular  lectures  upon  the  history 
of  Canada.  In  politics,  Mr.  Morris  has 
always  been  a  consistent  Conservative,  and 
although  too  much  devoted  to  the  interests 
of  his  profession  to  have  entered  into  public 
life,  has  in  a  quiet  but  energetic  way  exerted 
a  good  deal  of  influence  in  supporting  his 
party.  He  is  married  to  Agnes  McCulloch, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Michael 
McCulloch,  of  Montreal,  who  fell  a  victim 
to  his  heroic  devotion  to  the  sick  during  the 
time  of  the  last  visitation  by  ch  olera  in  1854. 
His  only  sister  is  married  to  W.  B.  Lambe, 
of  Montreal,  advocate.  His  brother,  Wil- 
liam J.  Morris,  has  devoted  himself  ex- 
clusively to  mercantile  pursuits. 

Shorn,  Rev.  William,  B.D.,  Rector 
of  St.  Thomas  Church,  Walkerton,  Ontario, 
was  born  in  the  city  of  Dublin,  Ireland, 
in  1824.  His  father  was  Jonathan  Shortt, 
attorney,  and  six-clerk,  of  No.  11  Black- 
hall  street,  Dublin,  who  married  Anna 
Maria  Antisell,  daughter  of  Joseph  An- 
tisell,  of  Arbourhill,  in  the  county  of  Tip- 
perary,  and  both  descended  from  a  long  line 
of  highly  respectable  and  respected  ancestors. 
The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  educated  in  the 
city  of  Dublin,  and  in  ]  850  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  ;  was  ordained  deacon  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  by  the  Right 
Rev.  Bishop  Horatio  Potter,  of  New  York, 
in  1854,  and  priest  in  1855  ;  was  for  some 
time  assistant  to  the  rector  of  St.  Thomas 
Church,  N.Y. ,  then  assistant  minister  to 
St.  George's  Church,  Flushing,  and  first 
rector  of  Grace  Church,  Whitestone,  L.  I., 
until  1865,  when,  on  account  of  ill-health,  he 
was  obliged  to  resign  his  charge.  Finding 
the  climate  of  Canada  to  agree  with  him,  he 
was  licensed  by  the  Bishop  of  Ontario,  to 
the  mission  of  Amherst  Island,  and  after- 


748. 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


wards  to  Wolfe  Island.  In  1872  he  was  in- 
vited to  take  charge  of  Christ  Church,  St. 
Catharines.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  to  the 
rectory  of  Walkerton,  by  the  Bishop  of 
Huron.  Rev.  Mr.  Shortt's  parents  were  at- 
tached members  of  the  Church  of  Ireland,and 
he  has  ever  been  loyal  to  her  discipline  and 
worship,  has  served  her  altars  to  the  best  of 
his  ability,  and  hopes  and  expects  to  die  in 
her  communion.  He  took  the  purple  degree 
in  the  order  of  Good  Templars  in  1875  ;  and 
was  chaplain  of  the  Saugeen  lodge,  197, 
A.  F.  and  A.  Masons,  In  1  857  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Mary  Amanda  Ha^'gerty,  daughter 
of  Bonnell  Moody  Haggerty  and  Martha 
Phillips,  both  of  New  Jersey,  U.  S.  Mrs. 
Shortt's  grand-parents  were  loyal  to  the 
British  government  in  the  revolution,  and 
were  compelled  to  move  to  Nova  Scotia,  but 
returned  to  their  native  land  when  the  act 
of  amnesty  was  passed. 

Langevin,  Hon.  Sir  Hector  l.oui§, 
K.C.M.G.,  Q.C.,  Ottawa,  Minister  of  Public 
Works  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  M.P.  for 
Three  Rivers,  Quebec  province,  was  born  in 
the  city  of  Quebec,  on  the  25th  August, 
1828.  He  is  descended  from  an  illustrious 
line  of  ancestry,  and  has  proved  himself 
worthy  of  his  descent.  His  father,  the  late 
Jean  Langevin,  acted  as  assistant  civil  secre- 
tary under  the  Earl  of  Gosford  and  Lord 
Sydenham,  during  the  period  those  noble- 
men held  the  office  of  governor-general  of 
Canada ;  and  his  uncle  was  the  Right  Rev. 
Jean  Langevin,  bishop  of  St.  Germain  de 
Rimouski.  His  mother,  Sophia  Scholastique 
La  Force,  was  a  daughter  of  M  vjor  La  Force, 
who  faithfully  served  his  country  during  the 
war  of  1832-14,  and  whose  grandfather  was 
acting  commodore  of  the  British  fleet  on 
Lake  Ontario  during  the  American  revolu- 
tionary war.  Sir  Hector  Louis  Langevin, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch,  received  his  edu- 
cation at  the  Quebec  Seminary,  and  in  1846 
left  school  to  begin  the  study  of  law  with  the 
late  Hon.  A.  N.  Morin.  at  Montreal.  He 
had  an  early  taste  for  literature,  and  while 
pursuing  his  studies,  wrote  a  great  deal  for 
the  press.  He  became  editor  of  the  Mel- 
anges JReligienx  in  1847,  and  subsequently 
editor  of  the  Journal  of  Agriculture,  both 
papers  being  published  in  Montreal.  When 
Mr.  M  >rin  retired  from  practice,  Mr.  Lange- 
vin entered  the  office  of  the  late  Sir  George 
Edenne  Cartier.  Thus  began  the  connec- 
tion between  those  two  distinguished  men 
which  was  destined  to  last  so  long,  to  be  so 
close  and  so  loyal,  and  of  such  importance 
to  the  French  Canadians,  as  well  as  to  the 
Dominion  of  Canada.  He  was  called  to  the 


t>ar  of  Lower  Canada  in  October,  1850.     In 
1856  Mr.  Langevin  was  elected  representa- 
tive  of   Palace   ward   in   the   Quebec    city 
council,  subsequently  became  chairman  of 
the  water  works  committee,  and  during  the 
absence  of  the  mayor,  Dr.  Morrin  in  Eng- 
land, acted  as  chief  magistrate  of  Quebec 
city.      In   1857   he   assumed   the   editorial 
management  of  the  Courrier  du  Canada,  pub- 
lished in  Quebec.     The   same   year  he  was 
chosen  mayor  of  Quebec,  and  also  represen- 
tative for  Dorchester  county  in  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly  of  Canada.     Oa  entering  par- 
liament  he   very  naturally   supported   the 
administration,  one  of  the  leaders  of  which 
was  the  gentleman  at  whose  hands  he  had 
received  his  political   as  well  as  his  legal 
training.     The  Macdonald-Cartier  ministry, 
however,  held  life  by  a  very  precarious  ten- 
ure, and  as  the  difficulties  thickened  about 
it,  numbers  yielded  up  their  support,  and  it 
was  forced  to  resign.     Then  George  Brown 
was  called  to  offise,  but  had  to  relinquish  it 
in  three  days.     The  old  ministry  was  recall- 
ed to  power,  and  a  readjustment  took  place. 
On  the  30th  of  March,  1864,  Mr.  Langevin 
became  a  Queen's  counsel,  and  on  the  same 
day  entered  the  Tache-Macdonald  adminis- 
tration as  solicitor-general  east.     In    1866 
he  became  postmaster-general,  which  office 
he  retained  till  the  consummation  of  con- 
federation.   In  the  confederation  movement 
he  took  a  prominent  part.     He  was  a  dele- 
gate to  Charlottetown,  was  a  member  of  the 
Quebec  conference,  and  went  to  England  to 
aid  the  home  office  in  perfecting  the  confed- 
eration scheme.     During  this  entire  move- 
ment the  tact,  suavity  and  broad  statesman- 
ship which  he  has  shown  so  prominently  in 
later  years  came  into  light.     Sir  George  E. 
Cartier  was  energetic,  forceful,  patriotic,  but 
he    had  not  the  savoir-faire  of  the  Hon.  Mr. 
Langevin,  and  he  often  exasperated  where 
he  should   have   conciliated.     In   the  first 
Dominion  administration  Mr.  Langevin  was 
secretary  of  state  for  the  Dominion,  and  the 
following  year  he  was  created  a  C.  B. ,  civil. 
In  1869  he  assumed  the  portfolio  of  public 
works.     In  1870  he  was   created  a  Knight 
Commander  of  the  Roman  order  of  Pope 
Gregory  the   Great.      During   Sir    George 
Cartier's  absence  in  England,  in  1873,  Mr. 
Langevin  acted  as  leader  of  the  French  Can- 
adian  Conservative   party,    and    upon    the 
death   of   his  chief  became  the  permanent 
leader.     In  1873,  on  the   downfall   of   Sir 
John  A.  Macdonald's  administration,  he  re- 
signed office.     At    the   general   election    of 
1878,    he   was    an    unsuccessful    candidate 
for  Rimouski ;  but  William  McDougall,  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


749 


member  for  Three  Rivers,  having  made 
way  for  him,  he  was  chosen  for  the 
vacated  constituency  by  acclamation.  In 
the  new  Conservative  administration  he  be- 
came postmaster-general,  which  office  he  re- 
tained till  1879,  when  he  became  again  min- 
ister of  public  works,  and  this  office  he  still 
holds.  Regarding  his  brilliant  parts,  arid 
the  service  he  has  been  to  the  Dominion 
and  to  the  French  Canadian  people,  the 
Queen  conferred  upon  him  the  knighthood 
of  the  order  of  St.  Michael  and  St.  George. 
Sir  Hector  Langevin  is  an  astute  and  wise 
statesman,  and  his  whole  aim  is  to  create  a 
feeling  of  brotherhood  among  his  own  people 
and  their  English-speaking  compatriots,  and 
to  develop  a  feeling  of  loyalty  throughout 
the  country  to  the  British  empire.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and  in 
religion  a  Roman  Catholic.  In  1854  he 
was  married  to  Justine,  eldest  daughter  of 
the  late  Lieu  tenant- Colonel  Charles  H. 
Peter,  J.P.  Mrs.  Langevin  died  on  the  30th 
October,  1882. 

Bridges,  Henry  Seabury,  Frederic- 
ton,  Professor  of  Classical  Literature  and 
History  in  the  University  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  November  23rd,  3850,  at 
Sheffield,  Sunbury  county,  N.B.  His 
father  was  Henry  Putnam  Bridges,  who 
died  in  December,  1881.  His  mother,  Eliza 
Ann  Burpee,  is  still  living.  Both  parents 
have  descended  from  the  Puritan  colony 
which  came  from  Rowley,  in  Massachusetts, 
in  1763,  and  settled  in  Sheffield  and  Mau- 
gerville.  Professor  Bridges  received  his 
early  education  at  the  Grammar  School, 
Sheffield,  and  matriculated  at  the  University 
of  New  Brunswick,  in  September,  1866. 
He  graduated  in  June,  1869,  with  honors  in 
classics  and  French  ;  also  took  the  Alumni 
Society's  gold  medal  for  the  best  Latin  es- 
say. He  proceeded  to  the  degree  of  M.  A. , 
in  June,  1871  ;  and  since  his  graduation  he 
has  followed  the  teaching  profession.  He 
was  appointed  assistant  master  of  the  Sun- 
bury  Grammar  School  just  after  having  left 
college,  and  remained  in  this  position  till 
July,  3872,  when  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  second  master  of  the  Collegiate 
School,  Fredericton,  and  then  removed  to 
his  new  sphere  of  duty.  In  June,  1874,  he 
was  appointed  principal  of  the  High  School, 
and  superintendent  of  the  other  schools  of 
St.  Stephen.  In  September,  1877,  he  left 
St.  Stephen  for  Oxford,  England,  and  then 
spent  a  year  in  the  study  of  classical  litera- 
ture there.  Returning  to  his  mother  coun- 
try, he  was  appointed  second  master  of  the 
Grammar  School  in  the  city  of  St.  John,  in 


August,  1878,  and  principal  in  May,  the 
following  year.  He  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  professor  of  classics  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  New  Brunswick  in  June  1881  ;  and 
that  position  he  still  holds.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Alumni  Society  since  June, 
1885,  and  was  one  of  its  representatives  on 
the  senate  of  the  university  during  the 
academic  year,  1882-83.  He  married,  Octo- 
ber 7th,  1880,  Alice  Middlemore  Foster, 
daughter  of  the  late  S.  R.  Foster,  of  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick.  The  fruit  of  this 
union  has  been  two  children, — a  daughter, 
Edith  Hazlewood,  born  August  31st,  1881, 
still  living  ;  and  a  son,  Atlee  Burpee,  a 
child  of  great  promise,  born  June  23rd, 
1885,  but  who  died  of  croup  in  November, 
1887. 

Starne§,  Lleut.-CoI.  Hon.  Henry, 
Montreal,  was  born  at  Kingston,  Ontario, 
on  the  13th  October,  1816.  He  is  the  son 
of  Benjamin  Starnes  and  Elizabeth  Mel- 
ville, his  wife.  His  grandfather,  Nathan 
Starnes,  was  a  United  Empire  loyalist  who 
left  the  state  of  New  York  and  settled  in 
Canada  at  the  close  of  the  revolutionary 
war,  the  family  being  of  Scotch  descent. 
Mr.  Starnes  was  educated  at  the  Academy 
of  Rev.  Henry  Esson,  afterwards  taking  a 
course  at  Montreal  College.  After  leaving 
college  he  entered  the  service  of  James 
Leslie,  merchant,  was  admitted  a  partner  in 
the  business  in  1849,  and  the  firm  of  Leslie, 
Starnes  &  Co.,  wholesale  merchants,  con- 
tinued until  1859  to  do  a  very  large  and  suc- 
cessful business.  Mr.  Starnes  retired  from 
mercantile  life  to  assist  in  organizing  the 
Montreal  branch  of  the  Ontario  Bank,  upon 
the  organization  of  which  he  was  appointed 
manager,  and  continued  in  charge  for  about 
ten  years.  He  is  now  president  of  the  Mon- 
treal branch  of  the  well-known  London  and 
Liverpool  and  Globe  Insurance  Company. 
He  has  been  and  still  continues  to  be  iden- 
tified with  a  great  many  local  enterprises 
and  interests.  He  was  president  of  the  Met- 
ropolitan Bank  from  its  establishment  until 
November,  1875  ;  haa  been  a  director  of 
Le  Banque  du  Peuple  ;  vice-president  of  the 
Montreal  Board  of  Trade,  the  St.  Jean  Bap- 
tiste  Society,  and  the  Montreal  Warehous- 
ing Company  ;  a  director  of  the  Richelieu 
Steamboat  Company,  the  Canada  Engine 
and  Machinery  Company,  and  the  Interna- 
tional Transportation  Company  ;  and  was  at- 
one time  warden  of  Trinity  house.  In 
municipal  matters  Mr.  Starnes  has  always 
taken  a  great  interest,  being  a  public  spir- 
ited man,  and  taking  much  pride  in  the 
continued  growth  of  the  city  which  he  had 


750 


A  CYCLPO^DIA  OF 


made  his  home.  His  fellow  citizens  were 
not  unmindful  of  his  efforts  in  their  behalf, 
and  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Montreal  in 
1856-57,  and  again  in  1866  67.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Starnes  is  a  Conservative,  and  sat  for 
Chateauguay  in  the  Canadian  Assembly  from 
the  general  election  of  1857  until  1863, 
when  he  retired.  He  contested  Montreal  in 
1857,  but  was  defeated  ;  declined  a  seat  in 
the  Quebec  cabinet  in  1867  ;  was  appointed 
to  the  Legislative  Council  in  the  same  year, 
and  appointed  speaker  of  that  body  on  the 
8th  March,  1878.  He  has  for  many  years 
taken  an  active  interest  in  militia  matters, 
and  at  present  holds  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  1st  Montreal  Centre  Reserve. 
In  August,  1841,  he  was  married  to 
Eleanor  Stuart,  of  Quebec,  and  has  had 
issue  seven  children,  of  whom  one  has  died, 
one  daughter  is  a  nun,  and  the  other  three 
daughters  and  two  sons  are  all  married. 

Gravel,  Rev.  Jo§cpli  Alplioiisc, 
St.  Hyacinthe,  Quebec,  was  born  the  2nd 
February,  1843,  at  St.  Antoine  de  Riche- 
lieu. His  father,  Louis  Gravel,  being 
a  highly  respected  farmer  of  that  place,  and 
his  mother  was  Emilie  Gladu.  He  received 
his  early  education  at  the  St.  Hyacinthe 
College,  and  entered  the  Seminary  at  Mon- 
treal for  his  theological  studies  December 
8th,  1862.  After  a  highly  satisfactory  com- 
pletion of  these,  he  was  ordained  the  26th 
August,  1866.  Was  vicar  of  Compton 
from  August,  1866,  to  September,  1868,  and 
rector  of  Compton  for  two  years.  He 
was  director  of  the  Classical  and  Com- 
mercial College  at  Sorel,  from  September, 
1870,  to  July  1st,  1872,  at  which  time  he  be- 
came assistant  secretary  to  the  bishop  of  St. 
Hyacinthe  ;  January  17th,  1876,  was  made 
secretary  to  the  bishop,  procurator  of  the 
Episcopal  body,  and  diocesan  adviser  ;  and 
was  appointed  vicar-general  of  the  diocese  in 
1877.  In  April  of  the  same  year  was  made 
canon,  and  in  1888  was  appointed  prevost  of 
the  chapter-house, — administrator  of  the 
diocese  on  two  occasions,  in  1878  and  in 
1887.  As  will  be  seen  by  our  enumeration 
of  the  many  important  offices  of  trust  and 
responsibility  the  subject  of  our  sketch  has 
been  a  worthy  and  deserving  recipient  of  the 
confidence  repose'd  in  him.  His  principal 
mission  has  been  to  restore  the  revenues  of 
the  Episcopal  corporation,  in  which  laudable 
undertaking  his  indefatigable  efforts  and  in- 
dustry have  been  crowned  with  success. 
He  has  built  the  beautiful  cathedral  at  St. 
Hyacinthe — a  lasting  monument  of  his  en- 
ergy and  talents — and  under  his  personal 
supervision  it  will  shortly  be  decorated  in 


a  suitable   manner,  in   keeping   with,    and 
worthy  of,  its  artistic  exterior. 

Fra§er,  John  A.,  Big  Bras  d'Or,  Cape 
Breton,  M.P.P.  for  Victoria  county,  is  a 
native  of  Boularderie,  C.  B.,  where  he  was 
born  6th  of  November,  1840.  He  is  the  only 
surviving  son  of  a  Scotch  pioneer  clergyman, 
the  late  Rev.  James  Fraser,  who  emigrated 
to  the  island  of  Cape  Breton  from  Ross-shire, 
Scotland,  in  1835.  He  was  employed  as  a 
missionary  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  and 
like  many  another  hard-working,  self-deny- 
ing pioneer  minister,  lived  hard  and  travel- 
led far,  preaching  the  blessings  of  peace  and 
contentment  among  a  poor  and  scattered 
population.  In  many  a  fishing  village  of 
Cape  Breton,  and  through  many  steep 
mountain  paths  in  that  inclement  region, 
the  name  of  Rev.  James  Fraser  is  held  in 
reverence.  The  men  who  carried  the  gospel 
into  the  wilds  of  Cape  Breton  were  possessed 
of  more  than  ordinary  courage.  One  of 
them,  Rev.  John  Stewart,  forty  years  pastor 
at  Whycocomagh,  a  profound  Gaelic  poet 
and  scholar,  but  lately  passed  away.  The 
educational  facilities  of  the  island  forty 
years  ago  being  of  the  scantiest,  John  A. 
Fraser  removed  to  Halifax,  N.  S.,  and  re- 
ceived his  scholastic  training  at  the  Free 
Church  Academy  in  that  city.  Having 
completed  his  course  he  returned  to  his  na- 
tive county  and  went  into  business.  He 
held  the  position  of  postmaster  in  Big  Bras 
d'Or  for  eighteen  years,  and  resigned  it  in 
obedience  to  the  wishes  of  his  numerous 
friends,  in  order  to  contest  the  constituency 
of  Victoria  at  the  general  election  of  1874, 
and  was  successful.  He  took  his  seat  in 
the  Legislative  Assembly  and  earned  a 
good  reputation  as  a  parliamentarian,  being 
listened  to  with  respect  in  the  debates,  and 
attending  well  to  the  work  of  committees. 
The  great  question  agitating  the  public  mind 
in  Cape  Breton  for  some  years  past  has  been 
the  matter  of  railway  construction.  Cape 
Breton  may  be  described  a  huge  coal-bed, 
much  of  it  worked,  but  by  far  the  larger 
part  being  quite  unexplored.  Ocean  steam- 
ers call  at  North  Sydney  and  at  the  coal- 
shoot  of  Sydney  proper,  and  carry  away 
much  coal  for  their  own  consumption.  A 
large  export  of  the  black  diamond  is  also 
carried  on  in  coasters.  Parts  of  the  island 
are  admirably  adapted  to  agriculture,  nota- 
bly the  shores  of  the  Little  Bras  d'Or.  A 
railway  is  wanted  to  weld  together  all  parts 
of  the  island,  and  the  great  question  is, 
what  course  shall  it  take  ?  People  living  at 
Whycocomagh  advocate  a  road  travelling 
their  section,  whilst  the  central  route  from 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


751 


Port  Mulgrave  to  Sydney,  with  a  branch  to 
Mabon  and  Port  Hood,  has  many  to  support 
it.  The  population  is  rent  by  the  favorers 
of  either  route.  Last  summer  the  Dominion 
government  undertook  the  initial  stops  of  the 
work,  and  every  move  since  has  been  care- 
fully criticized.  Whichever,  route  is  finally 
adopted,  the  gain  to  the  island  will  be  great, 
and  Cape  Breton,  which  steadily  increases 
her  output  of  coal  year  by  year,  will  gradu- 
ally become  a  very  opulent  section  of  Can- 
ada. Its  attractions  in  summer  draw  a 
great  influx  of  visitors  from  the  southward. 
Gold  and  marble  have  also  been  found  there, 
whilst  superior  iron  ore  has  been  smelted. 
Mr.  Fraser,  having  sat  out  his  term  of  office 
did  not  offer  again  until  the  general  election 
of  1886,  when  he  was  elected  second  on  the 
list,  there  being  six  candidates.  The  vote 
stood  :  Dr.  John  L.  Bethune,  777  ;  John  A. 
Fraser,  513  ;  defeating  M.  A.  McLeod,  459  ; 
John  Morrison,  408  ;  J.  J.  McCabe,  389  ;  J. 
Munro,  468.  Mr.  Fraser  also  sat  for  four 
years  in  the  municipal  council  of  Victoria. 
He  is  a  Liberal  and  takes  a  warm  interest 
in  all  matters  affecting  the  welfare  of  Cape 
Breton. 

Chenevert,  Cuthfoert  Alphon§e, 
Barrister,  Berthierville,  Quebec  province, 
was  born  in  St.  Cuthbert,  Earthier  county, 
P.Q.,  on  21st  May,  1859.  His  parents  were 
Theophile  Chenevert  and  Mathilde  Filteau. 
His  father  was  for  many  years  one  of  the 
largest  merchants  of  the  county  of  Berthier, 
and  died  in  January,  1873.  Young  Chene- 
vert studied  at  the  College  of  L'Assomption 
and  the  College  of  Ste.  Marie,  at  Montreal. 
On  the  12th  of  January,  1880,  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  study  of  law,  and  followed  the 
course  of  Laval  University,  at  Montreal,  at- 
tending at  the  same  time  the  office  of  Long- 
pre  &  David,  advocates.  He  was  called  to 
the  bar  of  Quebec  on  the  20th  of  January, 
1883,  and  began  to  practise  his  profession  at 
Berthierville,  in  partnership  with  the  Hon. 
Honore  Mercier,  prime  minister  of  the 
province  of  Quebec,  and  C.  Beausoleil,  now 
member  for  Berthier,  under  the  name  and 
style  of  Mercier,  Beausoleil  &  Chenevert. 
But  he  practises  his  profession  alone  at  Ber- 
thierville, attending  the  circuits  of  Riche- 
lieu, Berthier,  and  Joliette.  Mr.  Chendvert 
is  a  Liberal  in  politics,  and  has  been  in  sev- 
eral contests.  He  was  a  member  and  officer 
of  the  National  Club  at  Montreal,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  its  management.  In  1881 
he  delivered  a  very  interesting  lecture  be- 
fore the  members  of  this  club,  and  La  Patrie, 
on  the  13th  March  of  that  year,  thus  flatter- 
ingly alludes  to  it  : — "  At  the  last  meeting  of 


the  National  Club,  which  was  numerously  at- 
tended, one  of  the  members,  Mr.  Cuthbert 
Chenevert,  delivered  a  very  instructive  lec- 
ture, prepared  at  the  request  of  the  secre- 
tary, entitled  '  The  History  of  the  Press.1 
The  work  is  worthy  of  the  title.  It  unites 
in  the  recital  didactic  language,  strict  history 
and  pure  literature.  The  invention  of  print- 
ing, the  first  attempts  of  Gutenberg,  were 
related  in  a  most  interesting  manner,  and 
the  enconiums  passed  on  Canada  were  to 
the  effect  that  our  newspapers  were  the  de- 
fenders of  our  liberties  against  oligarchy 
and  bureaucracy.  This  magnificent  lecture 
was  marked  with  patriotic  sentiments,  ex- 
pressed with  great  force.  We  congratulate 
Mr.  Chenevert  on  his  success.  His  example 
should  encourage  his  friends,  being  one  of 
the  youngest  members  of  the  club.  We  hope 
this  effort  will  not  be  his  last. "  Mr.  Chene- 
vert was  married,  on  August  27,  1884,  to 
Valerie  Berthe  Rocher,  daughter  of  Clo- 
thilde  Roy  and  Barthelemy  Rocher,  notary 
and  registrar  of  the  county  of  L'Assomption. 
Robinson,  O.  A./M.D.,  Coaticook, 
Quebec,  was  born  at  West  Charleston,  Ver- 
mont, U.S.A.,  Feb.  29th,  1836.  He  was 
the  eldest  son  of  Dr.  Elijah  Robinson  and 
Ann  Eliza  Smith,  whose  ancestry  were  of 
purely  English  origin  and  among  the  early 
settlers  of  the  state  of  Connecticut.  The 
great-grandfather  on  the  father's  side  was  a 
colonel  in  the  Revolutionary  war  of  the 
American  colonies  against  Great  Britain, 
and  the  great-grandfather  on  the  mother's 
side,  with  several  brothers,  held  positions  of 
honor  and  trust  in  the  Federal  army.  Dr. 
Robinson's  early  education  was  confined 
mostly  to  the  common  schools.  His  classi- 
cal course,  preparatory  to  his  entering  upon 
the  study  of  medicine,  was  through  select 
schools  and  private  teachers.  His  strictly 
medical  course  was  commenced  under  the 
direction  of  his  father,  then  a  prominent  and 
leading  practitioner  in  the  county  in  which 
he  lived.  His  first  course  of  medical  lec- 
tures commenced  at  Dartmouth  Medical 
College,  Hanover,  N.H.,  in  the  summer  of 

1858.  He   subsequently  graduated  among 
the  first  of  his  class  at  the  Vermont  Univer- 
sity Medical  College,  Burlington,  Vt.,  June, 

1859,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine 
at  Milan,  N.H.,  the  following   year.     His 
successful  career  as  a  practitioner  led  to  his 
appointment  as  surgeon  in  the  United  States 
army,  and  during   the  great  American  re- 
bellion was  with  the  Union  army  under  Gen. 
Grant,  and  served  with  it  till  the  surrender 
of  the  Confederate  Gen.  Lee  and  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  recommenced  civil  practice  at 


752 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Island  Pond,  Vt.,  soon  after  his  services 
ended  as  army  surgeon  in  1866,  and  conduct- 
ed a  successful  practice  in  this  town  till  the 
year  1874,  when  he  moved  to  the  prosperous 
and  thriving  town  of  Coaticook,  P.Q.  Two 
years  subsequently  he  was  made  a  member 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  after  having  un- 
dergone a  searching  examination  before  the 
Provincial  Medical  Board  in  Montreal,  by 
whom  every  applicant  but  himself  was  re- 
jected, which  reflected  considerable  honor 
on  his  ability  and  proficiency  as  a  medical 
man.  Aside  from  the  position  he  now  oc- 
cupies in  the  medical  profession  of  his 
adopted  country,  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Vermont  State  Medical  Society,  and  various 
other  societies.  Dr.  Robinson  is  now  in 
successful  practice  in  Coaticook. 

Foster,  Hon.  George  Eula§,  B.A., 
D.C.L.,  Ottawa,  Minister  of  Marine  and 
Fisheries  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  M.P, 
for  King's,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  in 
Carletpn  county,  N.B.,  on  the  3rd  Sep- 
tember, 1847.  His  father,  John  Foster, 
was  a  descendant  of  a  United  Empire 
loyalist  who  settled  in  New  Brunswick  in 
1783.  His  mother,  Margaret  Haney,  was 
descended  on  her  father's  side  from  German 
stock.  George,  the  future  statesman,  re- 
ceived his  primary  education  in  the  common 
and  superior  schools  of  his  native  county, 
and  in  September,  1865,  entered  the  Uni- 
versity of  New  Brunswick,  at  the  head  of 
the  matriculating  class,  and  was  the  winner 
in  strong  competition,  of  the  King's  county 
scholarship  in  the  same  university.  He  also 
took,  during  his  first  year,  the  Douglas  gold 
medal  for  an  English  essay,  in  a  competition 
open  to  all  the  classes,  and  won  the  com- 
pound achromatic  microscope,  as  a  first 
prize,  for  natural  science.  His  strong  points 
at  college  were  mathematics  and  classics, 
with  a  strong  liking  for  English  literature 
and  history.  He  graduated  B.A.,  in  1868  ; 
taught  the  Grammar  School  at  Grand  Falls, 
N.B.  ;  became  superior  of  the  school  at 
Fredericton  Junction,  and  in  the  Baptist 
Seminary  at  Fredericton,  one  year  at  each. 
He  became  principal  of  the  Ladies'  High 
School  at  Fredericton  in  1870,  and  was  ap- 
pointed professor  of  classics  and  history  in 
the  University  of  New  Brunswick,  in  1871. 
He  spent  the  years  1872  and  1873  at  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  and  Heidelberg,  Germany, 
prosecuting  his  studies,  and  took  at  Edin- 
burgh the  medal,  one  first,  and  three  other 
prizes.  Returning  to  New  Brunswick,  he  as- 
sumed the  duties  of  his  chair  in  the  uni- 
versity at  the  end  of  1873,  and  occupied  the 


same  until  1st  January,  1879,  when  he  re- 
signed. Acadia  College,  N.S.,  conferred 
upon  him  the  title  of  D.C.L.,  in  1885.  He 
was  examiner  in  Grammar  and  English  at 
the  Provincial  Normal  schools,  Fredericton, 
from  1874  to  1879.  Early  in  life— in  the 
thirteenth  year  of  his  age — Mr.  Foster  iden- 
tified himself  with  the  order  of  the  Sons  of 
Temperance  and  later  with  the  British  Tem- 
plars, the  United  Temperance  Association, 
the  Dominion  Alliance,  and  the  Inter- 
national Temperance  A  ssociation.  He  filled 
the  office  of  Grand  Worthy  Patriarch  in 
the  Grand  Division  of  the  Sons  of  Temper- 
ance of  New  Brunswick  ;  Most  Worthy 
Grand  Templar  of  the  British  Templars  of 
Canada  ;  National  Chief  of  the  United 
Temperance  Association,  vice-president  and 
president  of  the  Executive  of  the  Dominion 
Alliance  of  Canada,  and  president,  for  four 
years,  of  the  International  Temperance  As- 
sociation. During  Professor  Foster's  oc- 
cupancy of  the  university  chair,  he  fre- 
quently delivered  lectures  and  addresses 
upon  temperance  topics,  and  upon  his  re- 
signation, engaged  in  an  extensive  lec- 
turing tour,  delivering  addresses  on  the 
total  abstinence  and  prohibition  questions 
in  all  the  provinces  of  Canada,  and  most  of 
the  eastern  and  western  states  of  the  United 
States.  He  likewise  edited  several  temper- 
ance papers.  He  has  been  identified  for 
many  years  with  the  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  of  Fredericton,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  executive  of  the  Interna- 
tional Sabbath  School  Committee.  After  a 
lecturing  tour  of  remarkable  success,  Pro- 
fessor Foster  resolved  to  try  what  fortune 
had  in  store  for  him  in  the  political  sphere, 
though  considering  how  wide  and  how 
brilliant  his  achievements  had  been,  we  may 
be  sure  he  had  no  misgivings  in  taking 
the  contemplated  step.  In  looking  about 
him  for  a  constituency,  naturally  that  one 
nearest  his  heart,  the  county  wherein  he 
first  drew  breath,  suggested  itself,  and  to 
King's  he  went,  though  it  was  represented 
by  that  stalwart  politician,  Major  James 
Domville.  The  friends  of  Mr.  Domville 
considered  the  act  of  Professor  Foster  as 
one  that  could  be  properly  described  only 
by  the  phrase  "  cheeky,"  but  what  they 
thought  made  no  difference  to  the  young 
candidate — he  proceeded  with  his  canvass, 
addressing  the  people  everywhere  upon  the 
leading  topics  of  the  day.  Against  such 
eloquence  as  Professor  Foster  brought  into 
the  field,  Major  Domville  was  powerless. 
But  apart  from  his  ability  as  a  debater,  the 
people  of  King's  had  put  the  highest  esti- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


753 


mate  upon  the  integrity  and  character  of 
the  young  candidate,  and  they  accordingly 
elected  him  in  June,  1882,  to  represent  them 
in  the  House  of  Commons  at  Ottawa.  His 
election  was  voided  ;  but  he  was  again  elect- 
ed in  November  of  the  same  year,  and  still 
continues  to  represent  King's  county  at 
Ottawa.  On  December  ]  Oth,  1885,  he  was 
sworn  in  a  member  of  the  Privy  Council, 
and  invested  with  the  portfolio  of  marine 
and  fisheries.  Professor  Foster  has  travel- 
led in  all  the  provinces  of  Canada,  and 
through  the  greater  portion  of  the  United 
States,  and  has  also  visited  England,  Scot- 
land, France,  Germany  and  Switzerland.  In 
religion  he  belongs  to  the  Free  Baptist  de- 
nomination, and  for  many  years  has  been, 
and  is  still,  a  prominent  member  of  its  con- 
ference. He  was  president  of  the  Union 
Baptist  Educational  Society  in  1884-5.  The 
Hon.  George  Eulas  Foster  is  a  Liberal-Con- 
servative in  politics,  and  a  fall  believer  in 
the  future  greatness  of  Canada.  He  favors 
a  civil  service  system  which  shall,  so  far  as 
consistent  with  the  peculiar  circumstances 
of  our  country,  conform  to  the  system  in 
operation  in  Great  Britain,  a  moderate  pro- 
tective tariff,  such  as  shall  maintain  our 
markets  for  our  own  manufactures,  and  at 
the  same  time  not  conduce  to  the  formation 
of  monopolies,  a  wise,  tried  economy  in  the 
administration  of  the  finances  of  the  coun- 
try, and  an  enlightened,  progressive  and 
comprehensive  policy.  He  is  one  of  the 
foremost  speakers  in  the  country,  if  force 
and  clearness  of  statement,  fluency,  and  ad- 
herence to  logic  can  entitle  him  to  that 
place.  He  is  a  man  of  great  energy,  and  of 
boundless  nervous  force.  A  literary  grace 
pervades  his  style,  but  his  speeches  are 
never  florid,  or  beyond  the  bounds  of  good 
taste  in  this  respect.  There  is  a  singular 
earnestness  in  his  manner,  and  nearly  every 
speech  that  he  delivers  resolves  itself  into  a 
series  of  propositions,  one  consequent  upon 
the  other.  As  we  have  said,  he  is  a  speaker 
of  much  force,  and  sometimes  his  ek  quence 
rises  to  the  height  of  passion. 

Licclerc,  Rev.  Joseph  Uldaric, 
Montreal,  was  born  at  Isle  Bazarre,  August 
7th,  1836.  He  is  the  son  of  Francis  Le- 
clerc,  farmer,  and  Josephte  Demers,  his 
wife.  While  still  a  youth,  his  parents  de- 
termined to  dedicate  their  son  to  the  ser- 
vice of  the  church,  and  with  this  object  in 
view  his  education  was  properly  attended 
to.  He  took,  first,  a  classical  course  at 
Montreal  College,  after  studying  philos- 
ophy at  St.  Mary's  College,  Montreal,  and 
St.  Michael's  College, 'Toronto.  He  next 
UU 


went  to  Sandwich   College,  as  professor,  in 
1858,  but  soon  resigned  this  position  to  enter 
on   a   course   of  study  in  theology,  at  the 
Grand  Seminary  at  Montreal,  being  ordained 
priest   in   June,    1862.      His   first  clerical 
charge   was  at  Vaudreuil,   where    he    was 
curate  for  two    years.     In    1865    he    left 
Vaudreuil,    having   been   appointed   chap- 
lain  of    the    Reformatory    Prison,    at   St. 
Vincent  de   Paul.      In    1873   he   was  ap- 
pointed chaplain  to  the  great  penitentiary 
there,  and  for  the  ten  years  following  he 
filled  that  important  post  with  great  accep- 
tability to  the  officers  of  the  institution,  who 
were  deeply  struck  with  the  chaplain's  piety, 
and  the  zeal  with   which  he   ministered  to 
the  spiritual  wants  of  the  many  unfortunate 
outcasts  from    society   who   were  confined 
within  its  walls.   In  1883  Father  Leclerc  was 
transferred  to  the  important  parish  of  St. 
Joseph's,  Richmond  street,  Montreal,  where 
he  has  since  ministered.     He  is  also  pastor 
of  St.    Anthony's  parish,  for  the  English- 
speaking  classes  of  St.  Joseph's  and  Cune- 
gonde,    by    whom    he    is    much     beloved. 
About  four  years  ago  he  visited  Manitoba, 
and  was  much  impressed  with  the  richness 
of  the  country,  and  the  immense  resources 
of  the  Northwest  territories.     He  has  also 
twice  visited   the  maritime  provinces,   and 
has  thus  a  good  knowledge  of  the  topography 
of  the  Dominion  from  personal  observation. 
Sanford,  Hon.    William  E.,  Ham- 
ilton, Ontario,  Senator  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  is  fairly  entitled  to  be  classed  among 
the  business  men  of  Canada  who  have  won 
distinction  as  successful  merchants,  and  who 
have  by  personal  industry  and  genuine  busi- 
ness ability  succeeded  in  establishing  wide 
business  relations  and   accumulating  large 
fortunes.  No  name  stands  more  prominently 
before  the  public,    or  is   worthy   of  more 
honourable   mention   than  he   who   is   the 
subject   of    this    sketch.     His    career    has 
placed  him  in  the  front  rank  of  the  "  mer- 
chant princes  "    of  the  country.     Success  is 
always  a  relative  term,  and  is  used  appro- 
priately only   when  employed  to   describe 
conditions  in  which  effort,   guided  by  in- 
telligence and  skill,  to  a  definite  end,  accom- 
plishes its  aims.     If  this  be  true,  then  110 
man  in  Canada  to-day  has  a  stronger  claim 
to  this  distinction  than  the  Hon.  Mr.  San- 
ford.     His  business  life  has  been   simply  a 
series  of  triumphs  over  difficulties  that  would 
have   daunted   weaker  natures,   and   these 
victories  have  been  won  by  tireless  energy, 
unyielding  perseverance,  a  keen  foresight  of 
events,  a  skilful   adaptation   to  the  tastes 
and  necessities  of  the  public,  and  the  in- 


754 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


telligent  use  of  definite  means  to  a  well 
denned  purpose.  The  magnificent  ' '  San- 
ford  Block "  in  the  city  of  Hamilton,  con- 
sisting of  offices,  warerooms,  stock,  show 
and  packing  rooms  ;  the  extensive  business 
connections  established  in  every  province  in 
the  Dominion,  and  extending  from  the 
Pacific  to  the  Atlantic,  giving  employment 
to  over  two  thousand  hands,  and  employing 
a  capital  of  about  a  million  dollars,  constitute 
a  monument  of  which  the  most  ambitious 
might  be  proud.  Senator  Sanford  is  a  lineal 
descendant  of  Thomas  de  Sanford,  who  was 
knighted  by  William  the  Conquerer  on  the 
battlefield  of  Hastings  (see  Burke's  "  Landed 
Gentry  ").  The  American  branch  of  the  fam- 
ily settled  in  Redding,  Connecticut,  and  one 
of  its  members,  Ezekiel  Sanford,  engin- 
eer, built  Fort  Say  brook,  Conn.,  in  1626. 
Born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  in  1838, 
both  his  parents  dying  while  he  was  a  mere 
child,  he  was  sent,  ere  he  had  reached  his 
seventh  year,  to  live  with  his  uncle,  the  late 
Edward  Jackson,  of  Hamilton,  one  of  the 
pioneer  merchants  of  that  city,  whose  singu- 
lar uprightness  of  life  and  large  benefactions 
to  religious,  educational  and  charitable  en- 
terprises, gained  for  him  a  widespread  confi- 
dence and  respect.  In  the  home  of  such  a 
one,  and  surrounded  by  the  most  salutary 
influences,  he  was  brought  up,  and  to  this 
formative  period  of  his  life  may  doubt- 
less be  traced  many  of  those  elements 
of  character  which  have  since  distinguished 
his  career.  He  received  a  liberal  edu- 
cation in  one  of  the  academies  of  New 
York,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  made  his 
first  venture  in  business,  entering  the  then 
well-known  publishing  firm  of  Farmer, 
Brace  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  in  whose  em- 
ploy he  continued  until  he  reached  his 
majority.  The  remarkable  business  abil- 
ity displayed  by  him,  even  at  this  early 
period,  won  for  him  the  esteem  and  confi- 
dence of  the  firm,  and  also  an  offer  of  a  part- 
nership in  the  business.  The  death  of  the 
senior  partner,  occurring  about  this  time, 
caused  certain  changes  which  resulted  in  the 
disappointment  of  young  Sanford's  hopes. 
The  firm  was  re-organized,  leaving  him  out. 
The  value  of  his  services  was,  however, 
recognized  by  a  rival  firm,  from  whom  he 
received  the  offer  of  a  salary  of  three  thous- 
and dollars  per  year.  This  offer  he  declin- 
ed, determined  in  future  to  sink  or  swim  as 
master  of  the  ship  he  sailed.  His  own 
words  were,  ' '  I  am  determined  never  to 
accept  a  position  as  clerk  to  any  firm."  Mr. 
Sanford  now  returned  to  Canada,  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Jackson,  only  daughter 


of  his  friend,  Edward  Jackson,  and  then 
went  to  London,  Ontario,  and  entered  into 
a  business  partnership  with  Murray  Ander- 
son and  Edward  Jackson,  and  under  the  firm 
name  of  Anderson,  Sanford  &  Co.,  carried 
on  one  of  the  largest  foundries  in  western 
Canada.  His  wedded  happiness  was  of  short 
duration,  for  at  the  end  of  about  eighteen 
months  his  accomplished  wife  died.  Com- 
pletely crushed  and  disheartened  by  the 
blow,  he  retired  from  the  firm,  and  return- 
ed to  Hamilton.  His  restless  energies, 
however,  refused  to  remain  inactive,  and 
with  characteristic  energy,  he,  with  some 
New  York  dealers,  went  into  the  wool 
business.  In  less  than  a  year,  he  was  mas- 
ter of  the  situation,  having  obtained  control 
of  the  wool  market  of  the  province,  and  was 
soon  known  among  dealers  as  the  "  Wool 
King  "  of  Canada.  Not  long  after  this, 
Senator  Sanford  entered  upon  the  busi- 
ness which,  under  his  skilful  management, 
has  grown  into  such  large  proportions,  in 
which  he  has  achieved  his  greatest  success, 
and  with  which  he  is  still  identified.  He 
formeda  partnership  with  Alexander  Me- 
Innes,  for  the  manufacture  of  ready-mace 
clothing.  With  that  keen  discernment 
of  what  the  public  needed  that  has  ever 
characterised  him,  he  determined,  from  the 
best  goods  to  be  found  in  the  market,  to 
manufacture  for  the  public  demand  clothing 
that  would  combine  cheapness  with  elegance 
and  style  of  finish.  Twenty  thousand  dol- 
lars capital  was  invested  at  the  beginning. 
The  most  skilful  labor  to  be  found  was  em- 
ployed, and  samples  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  the  public  produced.  Mr.  Sanford 
put  the  goods  upon  the  market  himself, 
while  his  partner  attended  to  the  office 
work,  The  goods  were  what  the  people 
needed,  and  from  that  day  the  trade  in 
Canada  was  revolutionised  ;  the  character 
of  the  firm  as  "first  class  :>  established,  and 
the  foundation  of  future  success  laid.  Vari- 
ous changes  have  taken  place  in  the  person- 
nel of  the  firm  since  its  establishment  in 
1861.  After  ten  years  Mr.  Mclnnes  retired, 
and  two  of  the  employes  were  taken  in  as 
partners.  These  remained  for  a  few  years, 
and  then  also  retired,  leaving  Senator  San- 
ford sole  proprietor,  who  now  carries  on 
the  business  under  the  title  of  W.  E.  San- 
ford &  Co.  Since  the  establishment  of  the 
firm,  and  through  all  its  subsequent  changes. 
Senator  Sanford  has  been  the  moving  and 
controlling  spirit  of  the  concern.  He  is 
complete  master  of  all  the  details  of  the 
several  departments,  as  well  as  director  of 
the  whole  establishment.  While  he  pioneers 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


755 


the  great  public  contracts,  he  at  the  same 
time  keenly  observes  and  anticipates  any 
change  in  the  public  taste,  and  invariably 
has  the  supply  in  advance  of  the  demand. 
The  requirements  of  each  province  or  com- 
munity is  a  separate  study,  and  whether 
it  be  Prince  Edward  Island  or  Manitoba 
or  the  Pacific  coast,  each  is  suitably  sup- 
plied from  the  endless  variety  produced 
at  the  central  ware-rooms  in  Hamilton. 
While  other  firms  are  studying  the  pro- 
blem and  counting  the  cost,  Senator  Sanford 
is  selling  his  goods  and  pocketing  the  profits. 
In  social  life  Senator  Sanford  is  most  affable 
and  attractive  ;  in  manners  he  is  courteous 
and  gentlemanly,  and  is  always  the  soul  of 
the  company  in  which  he  is  found.  He  can 
come  from  the  most  perplexing  concerns  of 
business,  and  plunge  at  once  into  all  the 
mirth  and  merriment  of  the  evening  party, 
as  though  there  was  no  such  thing  as  care  in 
the  world.  For  a  man  whose  mind  is  so 
deeply  occupied  with  the  various  financial 
schemes  with  which  he  is  identified,  one 
would  go  far  to  find  another  who  has  the 
disposition,  and  finds  the  opportunity,  to  do 
so  many  acts  of  genuine  kindness.  A  few 
flowers  from  his  conservatory,  or  some  rare 
relish  to  tempt  the  appetite,  is  his  thought- 
ful and  appropriate  way  of  relieving  the 
weariness  of  many  a  sick  chamber.  Hon.  Mr. 
Sanford  is  a  leading  member  of  the  Method- 
ist church,  a  trustee  and  steward  of  the 
Centenary  Church,  Hamilton,  and  a  liberal 
supporter  of  the  missionary,  educational 
and  other  connexional  agencies  of  the 
church.  t  To  each  of  the  recurring  general 
conferences  he  has  been  invariably  elected 
by  the  proper  constituencies,  and  is  treas- 
urer of  several  of  the  most  important 
church  funds.  As  a  citizen,  he  is  public- 
spirited,  and  justly  held  in  high  esteem. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Board  of  Trade, 
is  vice-president  of  the  Hamilton  Provident 
Society,  a  Bank  director,  one  of  the  Board 
of  Regents  of  Victoria  University,  director 
of  the  Empire  newspaper,  president  of  the 
Hamilton  Ladies  College,  and  one  of  the  pro- 
jectors and  vice-president  of  the  Manitoba 
and  North- Western  Railway  Company.  He 
is  the  owner  of  a  tract  of  upwards  of  sixty 
thousand  acres  of  land  on  the  line  of  the 
above  mentioned  railway  at  a  point  commen- 
cing within  a  few  miles  of  Portage  la  Prairie ; 
and  upon  this  he  has.  established  a  large  cat- 
tle and  horse  ranche.  He  has  now  about 
completed  the  organization  of  a  company  for 
the  development  of  his  immense  marble  de- 
posit in  the  township  of  Barrie,  which  is 
claimed  to  be  the  largest  in  the  world.  In 


politics  he  is  in  sympathy  with  the  protective 
policy  of  the  present  administration,  and  con- 
sequently gives  his  support  to  the  Conserva- 
tive party.  A  few  such  men  make  a  city, 
and  are  indispensable  to  its  prosperity  and 
development.  When  shrewdness,  ability,  en- 
terprise, and  industry  combine,  and  succeed 
in  accumulating  wealth,  the  benefit  is  not 
alone  to  the  one  who  is  thus  gifted,  but  to 
the  many  to  whom  the  means  of  livelihood  is 
afforded,  and  to  the  city  and  country  as  well, 
on  which  they  bestow  the  fruits  of  their  ta- 
lents and  their  toil.  He  was  called  to  the 
Senate  of  Canada  in  March,  1887,  and  we 
have  no  doubt  he  will  make  his  influence  felt 
in  that  body  for  the  benefit  of  the  country  of 
his  adoption.  In  1866  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Sophia  Vaux,  youngest  daughter 
of  the  late  Thomas  Vaux,  accountant  of  the 
House  of  Commons,  Ottawa,  a  lady  of  cul- 
ture and  dignity,  whose  genial  and  refined 
spirit  makes  the  home  delightful,  and  whose 
open  hand  of  charity  is  a  proverb  in  the  city 
in  which  she  lives. 

Routhier,  Hon.  Adolphe  Baiile, 
LL.D.,  Quebec,  rests  his  claim  to  a  prominent 
place  in  a  work  of  this  kind,  not  only  on  his 
eminence  as  a  judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  but  on  his  well- 
earned  fame  as  a  litterateur  and  a  poet.  He 
was  born  at  St.  Placide,  in  the  county  of 
Two  Mountains,  near  Montreal,  on  the 
8th  May,  1839,  his  father,  Charles  Routhier, 
a  farmer,  whose  ancestors  came  from  San- 
tonge,  France.  Educated  in  the  classics  at 
the  college  of  Ste.  Therese,  in  the  county  of 
Terrebonne,  young  Routhier  was  the  first 
graduate  of  that  institution  to  receive  the 
degree  of  B.A.  from  Laval  University,  Que- 
bec, at  which  he  also  studied  law.  Called 
to  the  bar  in  December,  1851,  he  settled 
down  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Kamouraska,  P.Q. ,  and  soon  won  succes* 
and  distinction  by  his  abilities  as  a  pleader 
and  a  jurist.  During  this  stage  of  his 
career,  public  attention  was  also  first  direct- 
ed to  the  literary  talents  which  he  has  since 
developed  in  such  a  remarkable  degree. 
Newspaper  writing  occupied  the  time  snatch- 
ed from  his  profession,  and  his  editorial  con- 
tributions to  Le  Courrier  du  Canada,  pub- 
lished at  Quebec,  and  Le  Nouveau  Monde, 
published  at  Montreal,  showed  that  a  new 
and  formidable  competitor  had  entered  the 
journalistic  field.  A  Conservative  in  politics, 
he  threw  himself  with  ardor  into  all  the  con- 
troversies of  the  time  and,  before  loner, 
came  to  be  recognized  as  the  leader  of  the 
Ultramontane  Catholic  or  so-called  Program- 
mist  party  in  his  native  province,  whose 


756 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


cause  he  championed  with  a  rigorous  pen. 
In  1869  he  was  selected  as  the  party's 
candidate  to  contest  the  seat  in  the  Cana- 
dian House  of  Commons  for  the  county  of 
Kamouraska ,  but  was  defeated  by  his  Liberal 
adversary,  Hon.  C.  A.  P.  Pelletier,  after- 
wards minister  of  agriculture  and  immigra- 
tion in  the  Mackenzie  cabinet,  and  now  a 
senator  of  the  Dominion.  In  1872  Mr. 
Routhier  was  created  a  Queen's  counsel,  and 
in  the  following  year  he  was  raised  to  the 
bench  as  one  of  the  justices  of  the  Superior 
Court  by  the  Macdonald  government— the 
judicial  district  assigned  to  him  being  that 
known  as  the  Chicoutimi  district,  over  which 
he  still  presides  with  marked  credit  to  him- 
self and  satisfaction  to  the  local  bar  and  pub- 
lic. On  the  bench  he  is  noted  for  his  affa- 
bility, painstaking  character  and  profound 
knowledge  of  the  law,  and  his  decisions  are 
always  marked  by  great  clearness  and  sound- 
ness. Indeed,  Mr.  Justice  Routhier  is  a 
model  magistrate  in  the  fullest  sense  of  the 
term,  and  as  such,  as  well  as  for  his  fine  social 
qualities,  is  very  generally  admired  and 
esteemed  throughout  the  province  of  Que- 
bec. The  question  of  the  undue  influence  of 
the  clergy  of  Lower  Canada  in  politics  was 
first  raised  and  argued  before  him  by  Hon. 
F.  Langelier,  M.P.,  the  present  mayor  of 
Quebec,  in  the  celebrated  case  of  Tremblay 
vs.  Langevin  (Charlevoix  contested  election), 
and  though  his  judgment,  which  was  in 
favor  of  the  clergy  and  created  great  excite- 
ment at  the  time,  was  afterwards  reversed  on 
appeal,  its  powerful  arguments  in  its  own 
support,  and  its  thorough  impartiality,  have 
never  been  questioned.  Judge  Routhier  has 
been  a  great  traveller,  and  to  this  feature 
of  his  life  the  country  is  indebted  for  some 
of  his  best  literary  works.  He  has  made 
the  tour  of  Europe  several  times,  and,  at 
the  time  of  writing,  is  again  there.  He  has 
also  visited  the  Holy  Land.  When  in  Rome, 
in  1876,  the  late  Pontiff  Pius  IX.  conferred 
on  him  the  dignity  of  a  knight  command- 
er of  the  order  of  St.  Gregory  the  Great,  for 
his  eminent  services  to  the  cause  of  religion  ; 
and  during  the  same  visit  to  the  other  side 
of  the  Atlantic,  he  spent  four  months  in 
Paris,  where  he  became  acquainted  with 
the  leading  writers  of  the  French  Catholic 
press  and  the  Legitimist  party,  and  deliv- 
ered at  the  Cercle  du  Luxembourg  a  speech 
which  attracted  the  favorable  notice  and 
praise  of  L'Univers  and  Le  Monde,  the  great 
Catholic  and  Legitimist  organs  of  the  French 
capital.  After  Lis  retuin  to  Canada  he  took 
a  conspicuous  part  in  the  Quebec  national 
festivities  of  June,  1880,  and  was  chairman 


of  the  Congres  Catholique  held  at  Laval 
University,  and  vice- president  of  the  Con- 
vention Nationale.  On  these  memorable  oc- 
casions his  addresses  created  a  profound 
sensation  and  won  for  him  from  La  Minerve, 
of  Montreal,  the  leading  organ  of  the  Lower 
Canadian  Conservatives,  the  title  of  "  cham- 
pion of  the  Catholic  party  of  Canada." 
They  were  afterwards  published  in  the  Re- 
vue Trimestrielle,  of  Paris,  with  the  flatter- 
ing recommendation  of  M.  Lucien  Brun,  the 
chief  of  the  Legitimist  party  of  France. 
Judge  Routhier  is  one  of  the  most  charming 
of  French  Canadian  writers  both  in  verse 
and  prose.  His  "  Causeries  du  Dimanche," 
"Impressions  de  Voyage,"  "Poesies,"  and 
"  Conferences  et  Dvtcours,"  published  at  vari- 
ous times  since  1873 ,  as  well  as  his  fugitive 
articles  and  poetical  effusions  scattered 
through  the  newspaper  press,  are  marked 
not  only  by  great  vigor  of  thought,  but  by 
much  beauty  and  grace  ;  and  in  literary 
circles  his  abilities  are  recognized  as  of  the 
highest  order.  Indeed,  by  many  of  the 
best  authorities  he  is  ranked  as  the  greatest 
master  of  the  French  language  at  the  present 
day  in  the  province  of  Quebec— his  writings 
being  admired  as  much  for  their  purity  and 
polish  as  for  their  force.  As  a  literary 
critic,  he  is  admitted  to  be  unsurpassed  in 
that  province,  and  his  Jean  Piquefort  is  a 
perfect  model  of  keen  and  polished  satire. 
Laval  University  acknowledged  his  literary 
eminence  in  1881  by  conferring  upon  him 
the  distinction  of  LL.  D.  He  is  also  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Canada.  In  1862  our  subject  married  Miss 
Marie  Clorinde  Mondelet,  only  daughter  of 
the  late  Jean  Olivier  Mondelet,  advocate, 
and  niece  of  one  of  the  eminent  judges  of 
the  same  name,  who,  some  years  since, 
graced  the  bench  of  the  Montreal  district. 
Mrs.  Routhier  is  one  of  the  leaders  of 
Quebec  society  and  a  lady  as  remarkable  for 
her  gracefulness  as  for  her  social  distinction. 
By  her  he  has  had  issue  four  children, 
three  daughters  and  one  son. 

Shannon,  Hon.  Samuel  Leonard, 
D.  C.  L. ,  Halifax,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Pro- 
bate for  the  county  of  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia, 
was  born  in  Halifax,  on  the  1st  Jane,  1816. 
His  father,  James  Noble  Shannon,  was  a 
merchant  in  Halifax,  and  his  mother, 
Nancy  Allison,  belongs  to  Horton,  Nova 
Scotia.  The  Shannons,  with  which  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  is  connected,  came  from 
Ireland,  to  the  colony  of  Massachusetts,  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
and  the  progenitor  of  the  family  was  Nathan- 
iel Shannon,  who  held  the  office  of  "  navie 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


'57 


-  officer,"  at  Boston,  Massachusetts.  His  de- 
scendants settled  at  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  were  connected  with  the  Vaughan 
and  Cutts  families  of  that  place.  Mr.  Shan- 
nm's  grandfather,  Richard  Cutts  Shannon, 
was  a  prominent  lawyer  in  Portsmouth 
when  the  revolutionary  war  broke  out,  and 
by  taking  the  royal  side  became  subject  to 
persecution,  imprisonment,  and  loss  of  pro- 
perty. His  son,  the  father  of  the  subject  of 
our  sketch,  left  Portsmouth  when  he  was  a 
boy,  and  came  to  Nova  Scotia,  and  finally 
settled  in  Halifax,  where  he  carried  on  busi- 
ness as  a  merchant  until  his  death  in  1857. 
The  mother's  family,  the  Allisons,  came 
from  the  north  of  Ireland  about  the  year 
1769,  and  settled  in  Horton,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
land  which  had  been  previously  occupied 
by  the  French  Acadians.  Hon.  Mr.  Shan- 
non received  his  primary  education  at  the 
Halifax  Grammar  School,  of  which  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Twining  was  master  ;  and  in  1832  he 
entered  the  University  of  King's  College, 
Windsor,  from  which  he  graduated  B.  A.  in 
1836.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.C.L. 
from  the  same  university,  in  1875.  He 
studied  law  with  H.  Pryor,  D.C.L.,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  1839. 
In  1866  he  was  appointed  a  Queen's  coun- 
sel. Having  taken  an  interest  in  military 
affairs,  he  received  a  commission  as  second 
lieutenant  in  the  2nd  or  Queen's  Halifax 
regiment  of  militia,  in  1837, — the  commis- 
sion signed  by  Sir  Colin  Campbell,  the  then 
governor  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  promoted 
lieutenant  in  the  same  regiment  in  1838  ; 
became  captain  in  game  regiment  in  1859, 
— commission  signed  by  Lord  Mulgrave,  the 
then  lieutenant-governor,  and  major,  in 
1862.  He  was  subsequently  appointed  lieu- 
tenant colonel  of  the  reaerve  Halifax  bat- 
talion, and  commissioned  by  the  Dominion 
government.  Entering  political  life,  he  was 
elected  member  of  the  Nova  Scotia  legisla- 
ture, for  the  western  division  of  the  county 
of  Halifax,  including  the  city,  in  1859  ;  re- 
elected  by  the  same  constituency  in  1863  ; 
became  member  of  the  provincial  govern- 
ment in  1863  ;  and  remained  in  the  govern- 
ment until  the  province  entered  into  con- 
federation in  1867.  He  then  retired  from 
politics,  and  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
court  of  probate,  for  the  county  of  Halifax, 
in  1881.  In  1870  he  received  the  title  of 
"  honorable"  from  her  Majesty  the  Queen. 
Judge  Shannon  is  president  of  the  Nova 
Scotia  Bible  Society  ;  president  of  the  Nova 
Scotia  Evangelical  Alliance  ;  a  trustee  and 
member  of  the  Young  M^n's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation of  Halifax,  and  a  shareholder  and 


member  of  several  local  mercantile  compa- 
nies. He  has  travelled  extensively  in  the 
United  States  and  Dominion  of  Canada, 
which  he  has  visited  repeatedly.  In  1847 
and  1848  he  spent  nine  months  travelling 
in  England,  Scotland,  and  on  the  continent 
of  Europe.  He  was  in  Switzerland  when 
the  war  of  the  Sunderbund  took  place,  in 
1847  ;  in  Paris,  only  a  few  weeks  before  the 
revolution  of  1848,  and  in  London,  during 
the  Chartist  riots  of  the  last  mentioned  year. 
He  was  brought  up  a  Methodist,  and  has 
always  been  identified  with  that  denomina- 
tion. He  was  married  in  October,  1855,  to 
Annie,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Fellows,  of 
Granville,  Nova  Scotia. 

Sinclair,  Donald,  Walkerton,  Ontario, 
Registrar  of  Deeds  for  the  county  of  Bruce, 
was  born  in  the  Island  of  Islay,  Scotland, 
in  July  1829.  His  parents  were  Neil  Sin- 
clair and  Mary  McDougall,  first  of  Kilee- 
nan,  afterwards  of  Bowmore  village.  He 
was  educated  at  the  parish  school  of  Bow- 
more.  He  immigrated  with  his  parents  to 
Canada  West,  in  the  summer  of  1851 ;  and 
came  to  the  county  of  Bruce  in  the  summer 
of  1853,  where  he  remained  for  a  couple  of 
years  with  his  parents  who  had  settled  in  the 
township  of  Arran  in  J852.  Mr.  Sinclair 
taught  school  in  the  G  >re  of  Toronto,  Chin- 
guacousy  and  Toronto  township,  and  after- 
wards in  the  township  of  Saugeen  ;  and  then 
settled  permanently  in  the  county  of  Bruce, 
in  1858.  He  has  always  taken  a  deep  inter- 
est in  municipal  affairs,  and  was  deputy- 
reeve  of  Arran  ;  and  sat  in  the  municipal 
council  of  the  united  counties  of  Huron  and 
Bruce  in  1863,  in  which  year  he  removed  to 
Southampton  and  became  bookkeeper  for 
his  brother,  Alexander  Sinclair,  general 
merchant  and  grain  buyer.  In  general  poli- 
tics, too,  he  was  greatly  interested,  and  be- 
came the  standard-bearer  of  his  party,  and 
was  elected  to  the  Legislative  Assembly  of 
Ontario,  at  the  general  election  in  1867,  as 
member  for  the  North  Riding  of  Bruce, 
which  riding  he  represented  continuously 
till  1883.  He  was  appointed  registrar  of 
deeds  on  the  24th  of  February,  1883,  for 
the  county  of  Bruce,  and  this  position  he 
still  holds.  Mr.  Sinclair  removed  from 
Southampton  to  Paisley  in  the  year  1869, 
where  he  resided  and  carried  on  business 
as  a  general  merchant  till  he  received  his 
appointment.  He  married,  26th  April,  1871, 
Isabella,  daughter  of  Thomas  Adair,  of 
Southampton .  He  is  a  member  of  the  Bap- 
tist church,  and  was  always  a  Liberal  in  poli- 
tics. Mr.  Sinclair  is  a  sociable  Scotchman, 
and  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  his  friends. 


758 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


Scott,    Hon.    Richard    William, 

Q.C.,  leader  of  the  Opposition  in  the  Senate, 
and  ex- Secretary  of  State,  was  born  in  Pres- 
cott,  Ontario,  on  the  24th  February,  1825. 
He  is  of  Irish  parentage  on  his  father's 
side,  while,  on  his  mother's  side  he  claims 
kinship  with  the  McDonnells  of  U.  E.  loyal- 
ist fame.  Young  Scott  had  the  advantage  of 
a  good  education,  his  parents  being  in  com- 
fortable circumstances.  He  was  educated 
by  a  private  tutor,  William  Spiller,  of  Pres- 
cott,  until  he  was  ready  to  enter  upon  the 
study  of  law.  He  read  in  the  office  of  Messrs. 
Crooks  &  Smith,  of  Toronto,  and  was  call- 
ed to  the  bar  at  the  age  of  twenty-three 
years.  He  settled  in  Ottawa,  then  a  small 
town,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  He  early  exhibited  a  leaning 
towards  public  affairs,  and  took  an  active 
part  as  a  young  man  in  many  warm  politi- 
cal contests.  In  1852  he  was  elected  mayor 
of  Ottawa,  and  filled  his  term  of  office  with 
general  satisaction  to  the  people.  In  1857 
he  was  elected  to  the  Canadian  Legislature 
for  (^,tawa,  but  suffered  defeat  on  seeking 
re-election  in  1863.  When  confederation 
was  consummated  and  the  first  general  elec- 
tion for  the  Ontario  Legislative  Assembly 
was  held,  Mr.  Scott  was  again  elected  for 
Ottawa,  and  from  that  time  to  the  present 
he  has  been  continuously  active  in  Canadian 
public  affairs  as  a  member  of  one  of  the 
great  legislative  bodies.  He  has  held  high 
positions  in  several  administrations,  and  is 
to  be  credited  with  the  initiation  of  some  of 
the  most  important  laws  under  which  the 
Canadian  people  now  live.  He  was  elected 
speaker  of  the  Ontario  Legislative  Assem- 
bly in  1871,  but  in  the  organization  of  the 
Blake  administration  he  was  asked  to  accept 
a  portfolio  and  a  seat  in  the  executive  coun- 
cil, and  resigned  the  speakership  after  two 
weeks  of  office.  He  became  commissioner 
of  crown  lands,  and  administered  the  affairs 
of  that  exceedingly  difficult  office  with 
marked  ability.  In  1873  he  was  called  to  the 
Privy  Council  of  the  Dominion,  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Mackenzie  administration,  and 
resigned  his  place  in  the  Ontario  govern- 
ment and  his  seat  in  the  house.  He  was 
chosen  as  the  fittest  man  to  lead  the  Senate 
in  conjunction  with  Hon.  Mr.  Pellet ier,  and 
was  called  to  the  upper  house  and  made 
secretary  of  state,  in  March,  1874.  His 
position  in  the  government  was  that  of 
secretary  of  state  and  registrar- general. 
When  Hon.  (now  Sir)  Kichard  Cartwright, 


minister  of  finance,  went  to  England  in 
that  year,  Hon.  Mr.  Scott  acted  in  his  place ; 
and  subsequently,  in  the  absence  of  other 
members  of  the  government  he  acted  at 
one  time  as  minister  of  internal  revenue, 
and  at  another  as  minister  of  justice.  On 
the  defeat  of  the  Mackenzie  administration 
at  the  polls  in  1878,  Hon.  Mr.  Scott  became 
leader  of  the  opposition  in  the  Senate,  which 
position  he  still  holds.  The  legislative  en- 
actment by  which  he  is  most  widely  known, 
and  which  forms  his  highest  title  to  a  high 
place  among  Canadian  law-makers,  is  the 
Canada  Temperance  Act  of  1875,  better 
known  as  "  the  Scott  Act."  This  measure 
was  the  outcome  of  a  long  agitation  on  the 
part  of  the  temperance  people  for  an  ad- 
vance in  some  way  upon  the  license  laws 
and  the  old  "  Dunkin  Act."  until  then  the 
ones  in  force.  The  "  Dunkin  Act "  was  a 
local  option  measure,  but  was  of  so  defec- 
tive a  character  that  it  was  but  lightly  con- 
sidered by  the  prohibitionists,  and  was  not 
of  much  use  as  a  guide  in  framing  another 
law  based  upon  the  local  option  principle. 
The  Canada  Temperance  Act  is  therefore 
a  pioneer  in  the  path  of  local  option  legis- 
lation in  regard  to  the  liquor  traffic,  and 
it  is  a  remarkable  tribute  to  the  sagacity 
and  legal  ability  of  its  framer  that  in  the 
ten  years  since  it  was  passed,  although  it 
has  been  the  subject  of  the  fiercest  legal 
disputes,  not  only  has  its  constitutionality 
been  upheld  by  "the  highest  court  of  the 
empire,  in  spite  of  the  determined  efforts  of 
the  greatest  pleaders  to  overthrow  it,  but 
so  perfect  have  its  details  been  found  that 
even  now  some  half-dozen  amendments  are 
all  that  the  prohibitionists  are  asking,  and 
of  these  some  arise  out  of  advance  in  the 
temperance  sentiment  of  the  country  which 
could  not  have  been  legislated  for  in  the 
first  place.  Another  important  act  which 
owes  its  origin  to  Mr.  Scott,  and  which  now 
forms  part  of  our  constitutional  system,  is 
the  Separate  School  Law  of  Ontario,  pre- 
pared and  carried  through  parliament  by 
him  as  a  private  member,  in  1863;  a  meas- 
ure which  was  the  means  of  removing  a 
vexed  question  from  the  political  arena,  and 
of  allaying  much  public  irritation.  Mr. 
Scott  is  a  man  of  quiet,  methodical  ways, 
but  remarkable  for  his  perseverance  and 
tenacity  of  purpose.  As  a  speaker,  he  makes 
no  oratorical  flourishes,  but  arranges  his 
arguments  with  marked  ability  in  such  a 
way  as  to  produce  the  most  telling  effect 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


759 


upon  a  candid  mind.  Personally  there  is 
no  man  in  parliament  who  is  held  in  higher 
or  more  deserved  respect  by  representatives 
o?  all  shades  of  political  opinion. 

Aclain,  Graeme  Itlercer,  Toronto, 
was  born  in  1839,  at  Loanhead,  a  village  in 
Midlothian,  Scotland,  about  half-way  be- 
tween De  Quincey's  house  at  Lasswade,  on 
the  Esk,  and  the  woodland  domain  of  the 
poet  Drummond,  of  Hawthornden,  close  by 
the  far-famed  castle  and  chapel  of  the  Earls 
of  Roslyn.  His  father,  who  died  in  1841, 
was  factor  on  the  estates  of  Graeme  Mercer 
of  Mavisbank  and  Gorthy,  after  whom  he 
was  named.  The  family  is  connected  with 
the  Adams  of  Blair-Adam,  in  Perthshire, 
and  on  the  paternal  side  has  given  many 
representatives  to  literature  and  other  pro- 
fessional callings  ;  while  on  the  maternal 
side,  numberless  Wisharts  (his  mother  is  a 
lineal  descendant  of  the  Scottish  martyr 
George  Wishart),  have  served  their  country 
in  many  of  Britain's  great  battles  on  sea 
and  land.  After  receiving  his  education, 
first  at  Portobello  and  then  at  Edinburgh, 
Mr.  Adam  entered  an  old-established  pub- 
lishing house  in  the  Scottish  capital  while 
very  young,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen 
was  entrusted  with  the  management  of  one 
of  its  most  important  departments.  Owing 
to  the  death  of  the  head  of  the  house,  the 
business  was  wound  up,  and  young  Mercer 
Adam  was  offered,  through  the  Nelsons,  a 
post  in  a  large  colonial  book-house  in  Cal- 
cutta, and  from  the  Blackwoods  he  had  at 
the  same  time  a  proposal  to  go  to  Canada, 
to  take  charge  of  the  book  business  of  Mr. 
(now  Rev,  Dr.)  J.  Cunningham  Geikie  ; 
the  latter  of  which  he  accepted,  and  came 
to  Canada  in  September,  1858.  Two  years 
afterwards  he  succeeded  to  this  business, 
as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Rollo  &  Adam, 
who,  it  may  be  said,  were  the  publishers  of 
the  first  of  the  more  ambitious  native  peri- 
odicals published  in  Canada,  the  British 
American  Magazine.  In  this  native  peri- 
odical Mr.  Adam  made  his  first  published 
contributions  to  literature.  In  1866  Mr. 
Rollo  retired  from  the  business  of  Rollo  & 
Adam,  and  the  firm  of  Adam,  Stevenson  & 
Co.  was  formed.  This  book-house  was  well 
known  in  its  day  for  its  many  publishing 
enterprises,  and  for  the  aid  it  gave  the  in- 
tellectual life  of  Canada,  in  furthering 
native  literature  and  in  introducing  a  high- 
er class  of  book  importations  than  had 
hitherto  found  sale  in  the  country.  Unfor- 


tunately the  house  for  a  number  of  years 
met  with  many  and  severe  losses,  and  its 
business  was  woundup  in  187 6,  Mr.  Adam 
withdrawing  for  a  time  to  New  York  to 
found  a  publishing  house  there,  which  has 
since  developed  into  the  extensive  firm  of 
the  John  W.  Lovell  Publishing  Company. 
Mr.  Adam,  however,  returned  to  Toronto  in 
1878,  and  since  then  has  almost  exclusive- 
ly devoted  himself  to  a  literary  life.  In  1879 
he  established,  and  for  five  years  edited,  the 
Canada  Educational  Monthly ;  and  in  1880 
assumed  the  editorship  of  the  Canadian 
Monthly,  which  in  connection  with  Profes- 
sor Goldwin  Smith,  he  was  instrumental  in 
founding  in  the  year  1872.  Mr.  Adam  has 
also  had  connection  with  many  other  peri- 
odical publications  issued  in  Ontario,  either 
as  a  writer  or  in  business  relations  there- 
with. His  services  to  literature  have  been 
wide  and  important,  for  he  has  been  jour- 
nalist, educationist,  critic,  reviewer  and 
essay-writer.  In  1885  he  wrote  "  The  North- 
West,  its  History  and  its  Troubles,"  pub- 
lished by  the  Rose  Publishing  Company  ; 
he  edited  an  edition  of  Lord  Macaulay's 
Essay  on  Warren  Hastings  ;  founded  the 
Canada  Bookseller,  a  trade  organ,  in  1870, 
and  has  written,  in  conjunction  with  W. 
J.  Robertson,  B.A.,  of  St.  Catharines,  a 
"  School  History  of  England  and  Canada." 
This  History-Primer  has  had  a  sale  of 
100,000  copies,  and  is  authorized  for  use 
in  all  the  schools  of  Ontario  as  well  as  in 
the  educational  institutions  of  other  pro- 
vinces. In  1883  Mr.  Adam  edited  a  five 
volume  series  of  school  reading  books, 
known  as  the  "  Royal  Canadian  Readers," 
and  in  the  following  year  was  an  extensive 
contributor  to  Picturesque  Canada,  and  to 
a  number  of  publications  issued  in  Canada 
and  the  mother  country.  Mr.  Adam  is  also 
the  joint  author,  with  J.  W.  Connor,  B.A., 
of  Berlin,  of  "  The  Canadian  High  School 
Word  Book,"  a  manual  of  orthoepy,  syno- 
nymy and  derivation.  In  1886,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Miss  A.  E.  Wetherald,  a  graceful 
Canadian  writer  in  prose  and  verse,  Mr. 
Adam  wrote  an  historical  romance  entitled 
"An  Algonquin  Maiden,"  three  separate  edi- 
tions of  which  appeared  in  Toronto,  Lon- 
don, and  New  York.  This  novel,  which 
deals  with  interesting  events  in  connection 
with  the  early  history  of  Upper  Canada, 
was  exceedingly  well  received  by  the  pub- 
lic and  highly  praised  by  the  critics.  Of 
other  recent  works  which  have  come  from 


760 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Mr.  Adam's  pen,  the  chief  is  an  "Outline 
History  of  Canadian  Literature,"  published 
in  1887.     This  admirable  text  book  of  the 
native  authors,  though  modest  in  its  scope, 
has  been  found  exceedingly  useful  as  a  com- 
panion   to   the    Canadian   histories.      Mr. 
Adam  has  served  Canada  in  the  militia  for 
twelve  years.     He   was  a  captain   in   the 
Queeen's   Own   Bines,  and  commanded   a 
company  of  that  crack  corps  at  the  fight  at 
Bidgeway,  between  our  volunteers  and  the 
Fenian  marauders.     He  is  a  graduate  and 
first-class  certificate  holder  of  the  Military 
school  of  Toronto  ;  received  a  second-class 
certificate  in  1865  from  Colonel  Peacock  of 
Her  Majesty's  16th  regiment ;  and  in  1866 
a  first-class  certificate  from  Colonel  Lowry 
of  the  47th  regiment.     Mr.  Adam  has  for 
the  last  twenty  years  been  brought  into 
contact  with  every  literary  man  in  the  coun- 
try and  many  representatives  of  other  pro- 
fessions in  Canada,  and  we  have  not  proba- 
bly another  man  who  has  a  larger  or  more 
intimate   acquaintance   with  books,  book- 
men^ and  the  book-trade,  as  vouched  for  by 
the  publishing  and  bookselling  fraternity, 
as  well  as  by  the  leading  men  in  all  the 
professions — law,  medicine,  education,  the- 
ology, etc.     Mr.  Adam  married  in  1863, 
Jane,  second  daughter  of  the  late   John 
Gibson,  of  Lovell  &  Gibson,  parliamentary 
printers,  and  editor  for  many  years  of  the 
Literary  Garland.  This  lady  died  in  1884, 
profoundly  regretted,  leaving  eight  children 
to  survive  her.     In  religion  Mr.  Adam  is  a 
member  of  the  Church  of  England  ;  in  poli- 
tics he  is  an  independent  and  a  Canadian 
nationalist.  Besides  the  literary  work  noted, 
Mr.  Adam  has  edited  and  prepared  for  the 
press  innumerable  manuscripts  ;  is  a  con- 
stant contributor  to  all  the  Toronto  journals, 
and  is  looked  upon  by  literary  people  as  a 
sort  of  general  reference  library.   The  most 
pretentious  of  Mr.  Adam's  published  works 
so  far  is  "  The  North- West,  its  History  and 
its  Troubles  ; "  and  this  is  a  book  that  will 
be  certain  to  survive  in  the  literature  of  the 
country.     The   style  of  the  work  is   like 
everything  that  proceeds  from  the  pen  of 
Mr.  Adam, — it  is  clean  cut,  easy,  swift  and 
direct.     There  is  a  fascinating  grace  about 
all  of  Mr.  Adam's  work,  and  one  finds  him- 
self pausing  constantly  to  admire  the  grace 
with  which  a  sentence  has  been  rounded, 
or  to  linger  over  its  exquisitely  balanced 
rhythm.    Nature  he  loves  with  all  his  heart, 
and  many  of  the  descriptive  passages  in  the 


work  in  question  are  delightful.  There  is 
present,  likewise,  the  judicial  quality,  and 
the  sense  of  historical  responsibility  ;  while 
the  strong  individuality  of  the  writer  is  ever 
manifest.  What  we  say  of  the  work  refer- 
red to,  is  true  of  Mr.  Adam's  writing  gene- 
rally. But  to  him,  as  some  of  our  recently 
published  historical  and  biographical  works 
bear  testimony,  Canadian  literature  lies 
under  a  debt  which  it  can  never  repay. 
Literature  the  man  loves,  and  it  is  not  an 
exaggeration  to  say  that  his  life  has  been 
consecrated  to  it.  How  bitter  have  been 
the  fortunes  of  letters  in  Canada,  is  a  fact 
only  too  well  known,  but  Mr.  Adam  has 
always  been  fighting  the  literary  fight,  and 
when  others  have  dropped  out  of  the  battle, 
he  has  kept  up  his  courage.  He  is  at  pre- 
sent engaged  exclusively  in  letters,  and  has 
now  attained  his  meridian  powers,  and  we 
await  much  from  his  gifted  pen. 

DickMMi,  George,  M.A.,  Principal  of 
Upper  Canada  College,  Toronto,  was  born 
in  Markham  township,  county  of  York,  in 
1846.  His  father  was  JohnDickson,  a  well- 
known  and  much  respected  mill -owner,  of 
Markham,  who  came  to  Canada  in  1829,  and 
lived  for  a  time  in  York  (now  Toronto). 
His  grandfather,  Bobert  Dickson,  was  a 
substantial  wooollen  manufacturer  of  Lan- 
arkshire, Scotland.  His  mother,  a  worthy 
Scotch  lady,  was  the  daughter  of  Bobert  Mc- 
Nair,  farmer,  of  Paisley,  Scotland,  who 
emigrated  to  Canada  in  1828,  and  settled 
at  Milton,  county  of  Halton,  but  subse- 
quently removed  to  York  Mills,  Yonge 
street.  Another  branch  of  the  family  set- 
tled in  Oswego,  and  there  carried  on  an  ex- 
tensive shipping  business.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch,  who  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a 
century  has  been  worthily  identified  with 
educational  pursuits,  was  himself  educated 
at  the  Bichmond  Hill  Public  School,  at  the 
Markham  Grammar  School,  and  subse- 
quently at  the  Whitby  Senior  County 
Grammar  School,  then  under  the  charge  of 
Thomas  Kirkland,  M.A.,  now  principal  of 
the  Normal  School,  Toronto.  From  Whitby 
he  proceeded  to  Toronto  University,  where 
he  matriculated  with  honors,  and  attended 
two  sessions.  Here  he  prosecuted  his  stu- 
dies, as  the  late  President  McCaul  relates, 
with  much  diligence,  his  proficiency  in  ma- 
thematics, history  and  English,  and  in  nat- 
ural history,  gaining  him  honors  in  these 
departments.  Later  on  he  graduated  with 
lionors  at  the  Victoria  University,  Cobourg ; 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


761 


and  in  1878  he  was  admitted  to  the  degree 
of  master  of  arts.  In  the  year  1865  he  be- 
gan his  career  as  an  educator,  teaching 
first  in  the  Lloyd  school  section,  township 
of  Whitchurch,  and  in  1866-7  in  the  vil- 
lage of  Laskay,  township  of  King.  In  the 
latter  school  we  first  recognise  Mr.  Dick- 
son's  special  aptitude  for  teaching,  for  in  the 
two  years  he  was  engaged  at  Laskay  no  few- 
er than  twelve  of  his  pupils  obtained  first- 
class  certificates  of  qualification  as  teachers. 
In  1868  Mr.  Dickson  was  appointed  mathe- 
matical master  in  the  Chatham  Grammar 
School,  then  under  the  late  High  School  in- 
spector, S.  A.  Marling,  M.A.  Here  his  suc- 
cess as  an  educator  followed  him,  one  of  his 
earliest  pupils  obtaining  first-class  honors 
in  mathematics  at  the  matriculation  exami- 
nations at  Toronto  University.  Of  the  char- 
acteristics of  his  educational  work  at  Chat- 
ham, Mr.  Marling,  the  then  head  master, 
writes : — "Mr.  Dickson  is  a  thorough  teacher, 
an  excellent  disciplinarian,  and  possesses 
in  an  unusual  degree  the  power  to  excite 
and  maintain  the  interest  of  a  class,"  In 
1871  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  offered 
and  accepted  the  important  post  of  prepar- 
ing young  men  for  university  matriculation 
in  the  Woodstock  Literary  Institute,  under 
the  late  Kev.  R  A.  Fyfe,  EKD.  FHere  he  had 
charge  of  the  university  class  in  mathe- 
matics, English,  history,  and  part  of  the 
classics;  and  in  the  year  he  remained  at 
Woodstock  he  justly  earned,  as  the  autho- 
rities acknowledged,  much  of  the  gratifying 
honors  won  by  the  students  of  the  insti- 
tute. We  now  follow  Mr.  Dickson  to  Ham- 
ilton, to  which  city  he  removed  in  the 
autumn  of  1872,  to  assume  the  duties  of 
assistant  mastership  of  the  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute. The  then  headmaster  was  the  late 
J.  M.  Buchan,  M.A.,  who  in  the  follow- 
ing year  was  made  high  school  inspector; 
the  board  appointing  Mr.  Dickson  in  his 
stead.  To  this  important  position  the  new 
headmaster  brought  his  now  matured  tal- 
ents, rare  aptitude  for  teaching,  and  an  in- 
dustry and  power  of  work  which  enabled 
him  not  only  to  establish  his  fame  as  one  of 
the  most  successful  of  Canadian  educators, 
but  to  win  for  the  Hamilton  Institute  a 
position  in  the  first  rank  among  the  second- 
ary schools  of  the  province.  These  state- 
ments find  ready  confirmation  in  the  grati- 
fying statistics  of  the  institute  during  the 
thirteen  years  Mr.  Dickson  remained  in 
charge  of  its  affairs.  In  1872,  when  he 


was  appointed  headmaster,  the  school 
ranked  third  in  the  province;  in  1835,  when 
he  removed  to  Toronto,  again  to  succeed 
Mr.  Buchan  in  the  principalship  of  Upper 
Canada  College,  the  school,  as  we  have  said, 
ranked  first  ;  from  an  attendance  of  230 
at  the  former  period,  the  attendance  rose  to 
585  at  the  latter  period.  Not  only  was  the 
school  thoroughly  organized,  with  a  special- 
ist at  the  head  of  each  department,  but  a 
literary  society  was  formed  in  connection 
with  it,  and  later  on  its  members  began  the 
publication  of  a  magazine,  which  at  first 
modestly  appeared  quarterly,  then  blos- 
somed out  into  a  vigorous  monthly,  dealing 
with  every  branch  of  educational  work,  and 
finding  its  way  into  almost  every  county 
in  the  province.  In  the  management  of 
this  periodical,  which  finally  was  merged 
in  the  Canada  Educational  Monthly,  Mr. 
Dickson  took  an  active  interest,  and  gave  it 
the  benefit  of  his  literary  and  scientific  at- 
tainments. Meantime  the  institute  greatly 
prospered,  and  the  most  gratifying  successes 
were  won  by  its  pupils  at  the  various  uni- 
versity examinations  and  at  those  of  the 
educational  department  of  the  province. 
The  university  record  of  the  institute  under 
Mr.  Dickson' s  administration  shows  almost 
phenomenal  results.  Within  ten  years  of 
his  appointment  no  less  than  one  hundred 
and  seventy-five  of  its  pupils  passed  the 
university  examinations.  The  scholarships 
(nineteen  in  number)  taken  by  pupils  of 
the  school  within  the  same  period  are  in  the 
same  ratio.  As  bearing  on  this  subject,  we 
extract  the  following  from  a  late  report  of 
the  Hamilton  board : — 

At  Toronto  University  the  school  has  ranked 
either  first  or  second  in  classics  no  fewer  than  ten 
times,  in  mathematics  eleven  times  first  and  three 
times  second ;  in  modern  languages,  including 
English,  history  and  geography,  twice  first  a^d 
twice  second  ;  and  at  every  matriculation  exami- 
nation since  1873  Hamilton  has  won  scholarships. 
Official  university  records  show  that  no  other  col- 
legiate institute  has  done  this.  In  addition  to  the 
scholarships  given  above,  Hamilton  won  six  at 
first  year  Toronto  University  ;  one  at  London, 
England  ,  ten  at  Knox  College  ;  two  at  McGill 
University ;  one  at  Trinity  College,  Toronto  : 
two  at  Victoria  and  one  at  Queen's  College,  King- 
ston ;  in  all  forty  scholarships,  or  an  average  of 
four  each  year.  In  1883,  in  addition  to  all  this, 
five  scholarships  were  won  at  university  examina- 
tions by  Hamilton. 

The  departmental  examinations  show  like 
results.  Under  Mr.  Dickson's  regime  up- 
wards of  four  hundred  passed  the  non-pro- 
fessional examinations  for  teachers'  certifi- 


762 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


cates,  and  over  fifty  matriculated  in  law. 
From  1880  to  1885,  in  addition  to  his 
onerous  duties  as  principal  of  the  Colle- 
giate  Institute,  Mr.  Dickson  had  charge  of 
the  organization  and  management  of  the 
school  system  of  the  city  of  Hamilton.  He 
also  organized  the  Hamilton  Teachers'  As- 
sociation, and  was  its  first  president;  was 
president  for  one  year  of  the  Teachers  As- 
sociation of  the  county  of  Wentworth;  and 
for  a  number  of  years  a  director  of  the  Ham- 
ilton Mechanics'  Institute.  In  1885,  on 
the  lamented  death  of  J.  M.  Buchan,  Mr. 
Dickson  succeeded  that  gentleman  in  the 
principalship  of  Upper  Canada  College,  by 
appointment  of  the  Ontario  government, 
and  thereupon  removed  to  Toronto.  In 
his  new  sphere  Principal  Dickson' s  power 
of  organization,  good  discipline,  and  tho- 
roughly business-like  administration,  com- 
bined with  his  all  round  scholarship,  fine 
teaching  ability  and  faculty  of  imbuing 
students  with  love  of  their  work  soon  mani- 
fested themselves,  and  gave  a  new  impetus 
to  the  old  historic  school  of  the  province. 
Under  his  management  not  only  has  the  in- 
stitution continued  to  flourish,  but  it  has 
done  increasingly  good  work,  as  yearly  uni- 
versity honors  prove,  and  passed  through 
a  crisis  in  its  history  which,  under  a  less 
vigorous  administration  would  probably 
have  seen  its  doom.  Though  it  is  soon  to 
pass  to  new  quarters  in  the  northern  sub- 
urbs of  the  city,  its  future  need  cause  no 
uneasiness  to  any  "  old  College  boy,"  for 
its  interests  will  be  in  safe  keeping  in  the 
hands  of  its  present  capable  head.  As 
principal  of  Upper  Canada  College  Mr. 
Dickson  is  ex  officio  a  member  of  Toronto 
University  Senate,  and  his  large  experience 
as  an  educationist,  and  the  fact  that  he  has 
filled  successively  the  post  of  classical, 
mathematical,  science  and  English  master, 
in  high  school,  collegiate  institute  and  col- 
lege, peculiarly  fit  him  to  serve  in  the 
academic  senate.  Personally,  he  is  held  in 
high  esteem  for  his  many  fine  qualities  of 
head  and  heart,  and  for  those  gifts  and  en- 
dowments which,  if  they  have  not  led  him 
to  take  a  prominent  part  in  public  affairs, 
nevertheless  attach  to  him  many  warm 
friends.  Though  he  is  not  what  is  known 
as  a  "  pushing "  man,  for  his  modest  de- 
meanor indicates  him  to  be  the  reverse  of 
this,  he  is  a  gentleman  of  great  and  varied 
mental  resources,  which  would  enable  him 
to  acquit  himself  with  credit  in  any  sphere 


he  is  called  upon  to  fill.  He  is  withal  a 
genial,  large-hearted,  and  lovable  man.  In 
politics  Principal  Dickson  is  a  Reformer;  in 
religion  a  Presbyterian.  In  1882  he  mar- 
ried Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Cap- 
Thomas  Flett,  of  Hamilton,  a  lady  whose 
musical  tastes  and  varied  graces  and  accom- 
plishments endear  her  to  a  large  circle  of 
friends. 

Stephen,  Alexander,  Halifax,  N.S., 
was  born  at  Musquodoboit,  Halifax  Co., 
March  9,  1845,  and  was  the  eldest  son  of 
Alexander  Stephen  of  Eothess,  Aberdeen- 
shire,  Scotland,  who  came  to  Nova  Scotia 
in  1834,  and  engaged  in  business,  founding 
the  house  of  A.  Stephen  &  Son,  carried  on 
by  his  son  to-day.  His  mother  was 
Mary  Ann  Gould,  a  daughter  of  one  of  the 
settlers  of  the  Musquodoboit  valley.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at  the 
Free  Church  Academy  and  Horton  College. 
He  early  in  life  became  associated  with  his 
father  in  the  firm  of  A.  Stephen  &  Son,  fur- 
niture and  wooden  ware  manufacturers,  and 
on  the  decease  of  his  father  (a  few  years 
ago),  continued  the  business,  which  has  in- 
creased and  developed  under  his  manage- 
ment. Prior  to  the  confederation  of  the 
provinces  he  held  a  captain's  commission 
in  the  9th  Halifax  militia,  and  since  1867 
holds  the  commission  of  a  captain  in  the 
militia  reserve.  He  was  elected  an  alder- 
man for  the  city  of  Halifax  in  1882,  and 
was  again  re-elected  in  1885.  During  that 
period  he  has  filled  many  responsible  posi- 
tions such  as  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Works 
of  the  city ;  chairman  of  the  Public  Gardens 
Commission ;  and  joint  delegate  with  Mayor 
J.  C.  Mackintosh  and  Hon.  Dr.  Farrell  in 
the  St.  John -Halifax  delegation  to  Ottawa, 
on  the  Dry  Dock  and  Short  Line  Rail- 
way matters,  in  1885.  He  was  one  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Dominion  Ex- 
hibition of  1881,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
zealous  movers  in  that  successful  exposition. 
He  is  an  active  promoter  of  the  Victoria 
School  of  Art  and  Design,  established  in 
Halifax,  1887,  in  honor  of  her  Majesty's 
jubilee.  Mr.  Stephen  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason 
and  P.  M.  of  Virgin  lodge,  No.  3,  R.  N.  S., 
with  which  he  has  been  connected  for  twenty 
years.  He  is  a  Liberal  in  politics  and  an 
uncompromising  free  trader,  though  en- 
gaged in,  and  very  successfully  carrying 
on  one  of  the  best  protected  trades,  viz. : 
furniture,  wooden  ware  and  house  furnish- 
ings. Has  in  his  employ  a  large  number  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


763 


men  at  his  factory  and  warerooms  in  Hali- 
fax. The  factory  is  situate  number  162  to 
]  66  Grafton  street,  and  extends  through  to 
Alberrnarle  street.  The  ware  rooms  are  on 
the  corner  of  Barrington  and  Prince  streets, 
adjoining  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  building,  and  are 
very  extensive.  He  has  lately  added  the 
house  furnishings  branch,  carpets,  oil  cloths, 
and  draperies,  to  his  extensive  business 
which  is  still  carried  on  under  the  old  style, 
A.  Stephen  &  Son.  He  is  a  Presbyterian. 
He  married  August  19,  1873,  Sadie  Cogs- 
well, daughter  of  late  Kev.  John  Cogswell, 
of  Halifax,  and  has  a  family.  _ 

Hill,  Hon.  George  Frederick,  St. 
Stephen,  N.  B.,  is  a  son  of  the  late  Hon. 
George  S.  Hill,  a  barrister  of  extensive  con- 
nections, who  sat  for  twenty-eight  years  in 
the  House  of  Assembly  and  the  Legisla- 
tive Council  of  New  Brunswick.  Hon.  Mr. 
Hill  was  born  at  St.  Stephen  in  February, 
1832.  He  received  part  of  his  education  in 
that  town  and  also  pursued  his  studies  for 
some  time  in  the  neighbouring  republic. 
Having  completed  his  general  course  of 
studies,  he  began  to  equip  himself  for  the 
toils  of  the  legal  profession,  and  was  ad- 
mitted an  attorney  of  New  Brunswick  in 
1854.  Thinking  that  there  was  more  money 
in  mercantile  pursuits  than  in  the  walk  of 
Blackstone,  he  gave  over  his  original  inten- 
tion of  following  the  varying  chances  of 
success  at  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  trade. 
Mr.  Hill  has  never  since  returned  to  legal 
studies,  but  his  early  training  has  been  of 
great  service  to  him  as  an  active  man  of 
affairs  and  politician.  There  have  been 
great  opportunities  in  general  business  in 
the  province  during  the  last  thirty  years,  a 
spirit  of  enterprise  having  been  as  generally 
diffused  in  New  Brunswick  as  in  any  part 
of  British  America.  Of  late  bank  failures 
consequent  upon  the  decline  of  shipping 
and  the  lumber  industry,  have  somewhat  re- 
tarded the  more  ambitious  movements  of 
speculation,  but  still  the  enterprise  is  there, 
and  will  in  the  long  run  do  its  work.  Mr. 
Hill  was  official  assignee  for  Charlotte 
county,  under  the  old  bankruptcy  law, 
from  1869  until  the  law  was  repealed  in 
1878.  He  early  manifested  a  great  love  of 
politics  and,  being  possessed  of  extensive 
business  connections,  was  nominated  as  a 
candidate  for  Charlotte  county  in  1865  in 
the  Provincial  Assembly.  Those  were  the 
days  of  intense  political  excitement  over 
the  mooted  scheme  of  confederation  of  the 


provinces.  Many  able  politicians  suc- 
cumbed to  the  varying  successes  of  the  two 
parties  over  this  question.  In  1866  Mr. 
Hill  was  among  the  defeated,  when  the 
confederation  movement  was  successful, 
He  still  continued  to  take  an  active  interest 
in  politics,  however,  and  at  the  general 
election  of  1878  was  re-elected  and  held  his 
seat  in  the  house  until  25th  May,  1882r 
when  he  was  appointed  to  his  seat  in  the 
Legislative  Council  which  he  still  holds.  He 
is  an  ardent  Liberal,  believing  that  the 
cause  of  the  people  is  loest  advanced  by  the 
principles  of  his  party.  New  Brunswick 
has  been  in  the  main  a  Liberal  province  ever 
since  the  period,  forty  years  ago,  when  the 
family  compact  was  broken  up  by  men  like 
the  late  Governor  Lemuel  A.  Wilmot,  and 
Liberal  doctrines  triumphed.  There  is  a 
larger  proportion  of  Liberal  members  from 
New  Brunswick  at  present  sitting  in  the 
House  of  Commons  at  Ottawa  than  from 
any  of  the  other  maritime  provinces  except- 
ing Prince  Edward  Island.  Hon.  Mr.  Hill 
always  held  a  high  position  in  the  counsels 
of  his  party,  and  was  appointed  president 
or  speaker  of  the  council,  3rd  March,  1887. 
The  position  of  speaker  of  a  legislative  body 
is  one  which  requires  for  its  successful  occu- 
pation a  very  great  measure  of  knowledge 
of  parliamentary  law,  tact  and  resolution, 
and  he  has  been  eminently  successful  in 
presiding  over  the  debates  in  the  council, 
and  administering  the  rules.  He  resides  at 
St.  Stephen, which  is  one  of  the  most  flour- 
ishing towns  in  New  Brunswick.  An  exten- 
sive trade  is  carried  on  there  with  the 
United  States,  and  it  is  the  centre  of  the 
lumber  trade.  Much  money  is  also  made 
in  the  fisheries.  It  has  two  newspapers  and 
two  banks.  Its  population  is  about  4000. 
Thomas.  Newell  Wood,  Coaticook, 
Quebec  province,  was  born  at  Barnston,  on 
the  25th  June,  1842.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  Barnston  and  carried  on  farming. 
He  was  also  a  mail  contractor,  being  the 
first  person  who  carried  her  Majesty's  mails 
out  of  the  town  of  Coaticook.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  councillor,  and  afterwards 
warden  of  the  county  of  Stanstead.  His 
mother,  Orissa  A.  Norton,  was  also  born  in 
Barnston.  Newell  W.  Thomas,  the  subject 
of  our  sketch,  received  his  educational  train- 
ing in  the  common  school  of  his  native 
place.  On  leaving  school  he  went  into  the 
establishment  of  the  late  John  Thornton,  as 
a  clerk,  and  here  he  gradually  rose,  step 


764 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


by  step,  until  he  finally  became  a  partner 
in  the  business.  Some  years  afterwards,  on 
the  retirement  of  Mr.  Thornton,  he  assumed 
the  whole  business  and  carried  it  success- 
fully on  alone  for  a  period  of  twenty-four 
years,  when  he  retired  from  active  mercan- 
tile life.  Mr.  Thomas  is  one  of  the  original 
founders  of  the  Cascade  Narrow  Fabric 
Manufacturing  Company,  and  is  now  vice- 
president  of  the  company.  This  undertak- 
ing was  begun  in  1886,  and  has  proved 
very  satisfactory  to  its  shareholders.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Liberal- Conservative,  and  in 
religion  belongs  to  the  Methodist  church. 
On  the  20th  of  October,  1868,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Katie  Barry,  and  the  fruit  of  the 
union  has  been  three  sons  (one  of  whom  is 
now  a  banker),  and  one  daughter. 

Betlmnc,  Robert  Henry,  Manager 
of  the  Dominion  Bank,  Toronto,  was  born 
at  Cobourg,  Ontario,  on  the  5th  of  May, 
1836.  His  father  was  the  beloved  and  highly 
respected  Bishop  A.  N.  Bethune,  D.D.  (the 
successor  of  Bishop  Strachan  in  the  Toron- 
to Episcopate),  who  died  in  1879.  The  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  was  educated  at  Upper 
Canada  College  and  at  other  schools  of  the 
province.  Early  in  life  he  took  to  banking 
as  a  vocation,  and  for  the  long  period  of 
now  thirty -five  years  he  has  been  closely 
and  honorably  connected  with  banking  insti- 
tutions, and  has  become  one  of  the  most  re- 
spected and  trustworthy,  as  well  as  perhaps 
the  best  known  and  most  successful,  Bank 
managers  of  Toronto.  For  several  years 
he  has  been  the  cashier  of  the  Dominion 
Bank,  and,  during  this  period,  thanks  to 
his  prudent  and  able  management,  no  insti- 
tution in  the  country  has  had  a  more  satis- 
factory record,  or  to-day  stands  higher  in 
the  confidence  of  the  commercial  and  finan- 
cial community  of  Canada.  Mr.  Bethune's 
life,  though  it  has  been  uneventful,  has  not 
been  without  incident  or  devoid  of  impor- 
tance. Nor  has  it  been  lacking  in  the  kind 
or  quality  of  service  which,  in  the  course  of  a 
long  career  of  responsibility  and  duty,  a 
trusty  and  competent  Bank  officer  renders 
to  the  corporate  body  whom  he  represents 
and  to  the  public  at  large.  In  the  course 
of  this  career,  Mr.  Bethune  has  seen  banks 
rise  and  fall,  looked  on  the  barometer  of 
finance  in  sunshine  and  storm,  been  con- 
fronted with  all  sorts  of  commercial  vicissi- 
tudes, and,  like  other  old  Bank  managers, 
been  at  times  threatened  with  mercantile 
and  financial  panic.  Yet  has  he  held  brave- 


ly on  his  course,  with  a  firm  hand  on  the 
interests  vfith  which  he  has  been  charged, 
and  has  faithfully  and  successfully  done  his 
duty.  Mr.  Bethune,  for  the  first  twelve 
years  of  his  business  life,  was  connected 
with  the  Bank  of  Montreal,  and  served  that 
institution  in  various  towns  and  cities  of 
the  province,  from  junior  clerk  in  1853  to 
manager  in  1865.  In  1853,  for  instance, 
we  find  him  acting  as  junior  clerk  in  Brock- 
ville;  in  1854  as  teller  in  Cobourg ;  in  1859 
as  assistant  accountant  in  Toronto;  in  1861 
as  accountant  at  New  York;  in  1862  as  ac- 
countant at  Hamilton;  and  finally,  in  1864, 
as  manager  at  St.  Catharines.  At  the  close 
of  1865  he  severed  his  connection  with  the 
Bank  of  Montreal,  on  being  appointed  in- 
spector of  the  Quebec  Bank,  and  in  the 
following  year  was  made  manager  of  the 
Toronto  branch  of  that  institution.  Here 
he  remained  until  1871,  when  he  received 
the  appointment  which  he  now  holds,  that 
of  Cashier  and  Manager  of  the  Dominion 
Bank.  Personally,  Mr.  Bethune  is  not  only 
highly  respected,  but  is  much  beloved  ;  and 
he  enjoys  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the 
whole  community.  He  is  conservative  in 
his  ways,  and  is  what  is  known  as  an  emi- 
nently safe  banker,  as  may  be  predicted 
from  the  stability  and  success  of  the  insti- 
tution which  he  has  long  guided  and  con- 
trolled. In  politics  he  is  a  Liberal-Conser- 
vative ;  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Church 
of  England.  In  1862  he  married  Jane 
Frances  Ewart,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
J.  B.  Ewart,  of  Dundas,  by  whom  he  has 
six  children. 

DfcLeod,  Hon.  John  David, 
M.L.C.,  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  is  a  native  of 
Pictou  county,  N.S.,  being  descended  from 
an  ancient  Highland  family.  He  is  about 
forty-seven  years  of  age.  He  received  his 
early  education  in  Pictou,  and  having 
finished  his  academic  course  he  entered 
upon  the  study  of  the  law.  Having  com- 
pleted his  four  years'  apprenticeship  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia  on 
5th  December,  1866.  He  carried  on  the 
practice  of  his  profession  with  great  success 
in  Pictou  for  upwards  of  twenty  years. 
Being  a  man  of  great  social  popularity,  he 
has  been  several  times  before  the  people  as 
a  candidate  for  legislative  honors,  being 
considered  the  strongest  man  the  Liberals 
could  put  in  the  field.  In  the  local  general 
election  of  1886  he  polled  2,514  votes,  but 
failed  being  elected,  Pictou  being  one  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


765 


strongest  Conservative  constituencies  in  the 
province.  In  the  general  election  for  the 
House  of  Commons,  February,  1887,  he 
again  entered  the  field  but  was  unsuccessful. 
In  local  affairs  he  has  met  with  more  success, 
and  has  been  three  times  mayor  of  Pictou. 
He  is  a  fluent  and  ready  speaker,  and  is 
possessed  of  a  fine  presence.  The  local 
government  recognized  his  services  to  the 
party  by  appointing  him,  10th  March,  1887, 
a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council,  and  on 
15th  March  he  was  made  a  member  of  the  ex- 
ecutive, in  which,  until  his  retirement,  he  sat 
without  portfolio,  but  holding  the  position 
of  Liberal  leader  in  the  council.  In  the 
following  summer  failing  health  led  him  to 
seek  a  residence  in  a  warmer  climate,  and 
with  his  family  he  removed  from  the  pro- 
vince and  settled  in  Southern  California, 
Previous  to  his  leaving  Pictou  his  friends 
honored  him  with  a  public  banquet,  and 
presented  him  with  a  complimentary  ad- 
dress. 

Wilmot,  Hon.  Robert  Duncan, 
Fredericton,  New  Brunswick.  Hon.  Mr. 
Wilmot,  late  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the 
province  of  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at 
Fredericton,  N.B.,  on  the  16th  October, 
1809.  His  grandfather  was  the  late  Major 
Lemuel  Wilmot.  His  father,  the  late  John 
M.  Wilmot,  represented  St.  John  county  for 
many  years  in  the  New  Brunswick  legisla- 
ture; and  his  mother,  Susan  Harriet,  was  a 
daughter  of  the  late  Samuel  Wiggins,  a 
prominent  merchant  of  St.  John.  When 
about  five  years  of  age  the  future  lieutenant- 
governor  removed  with  his  parents  to  St. 
John,  where  he  received  his  education.  On 
reaching  manhood  he  entered  into  business 
with  his  father,  who  at  that  time  was  a  pro- 
minent merchant  and  shipowner.  In  1833 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Mowatt,  of  St.  John, 
and  shortly  after  this  event  removed  to 
Liverpool,  England,  where  he  resided  for 
five  years.  On  his  return  he  began  to  take 
an  interest  in  municipal  affairs,  and  for  some 
time  he  sat  as  alderman  in  the  city  council, 
and  afterwards  became  mayor  of  the  city. 
In  1846  he  entered  the  arena  of  politics, 
and  on.  presenting  himself  for  parliament- 
ary honors  was  elected  to  represent  the 
county  of  St.  John  in  the  New  Brunswick 
legislature,  and  this  constituency  he  con- 
tinued to  represent,  with  the  exception  of 
one  term,  until  the  confederation  of  the 
provinces.  He  was  appointed  surveyor- 
general  of  New  Brunswick  in  1851,  and 


held  the  office  until  1854.  In  1856-7  he 
was  provincial  secretary,  and  became  pre- 
mier of  the  government  formed  in  1865.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  government  of 
1866-7.  This  year  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  conference  held  in  London,  England,  to 
discuss  matters  relating  to  confederation. 
On  the  1st  of  July,  1867,  he  was  called  by 
royal  proclamation  to  a  seat  in  the  Senate 
of  the  Dominion  of  Canada.  Upon  the 
formation  of  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald's  gov- 
ernment, in  1878,  he  was  sworn  in  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Privy  Council  without  portfolio, 
and  shortly  afterwards  was  appointed 
speaker  of  the  Senate,  as  successor  to  the 
Hon.  David  Christie.  This  office  he  held 
until  the  time  of  the  death  of  Lieutenant- 
Governor  C.  B.  Chandler,  when  he  resigned 
the  speakership,  and  on  the  llth  February, 
1880,  was  appointed  lieutenant-governor  of 
his  native  province.  In  this  position  he 
faithfully  served  his  country  until  the  llth 
November,  1885,  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
Sir  Leonard  Tilley.  In  1851  the  Hon.  Mr. 
Wilmot  left  the  city  of  St.  John  to  reside 
in  Sunbury  county,  on  a  farm  known  as 
"Belmont,"  owned  by  his  grandfather  and 
father,  and  on  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
office  at  Fredericton,  he  again  selected  Bel- 
mont as  his  home,  and  here  he  now  resides. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  Conservative,  and  for 
many  years  was  a  leader  of  this  party  in 
New  Brunswick.  In  religion,  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Church  of  England.  Few  men 
are  more  respected  than  the  Hon.  Mr.  Wil- 
mot, and  all  hope  he  may  be  long  spared 
to  enjoy  the  honors  he  has  earned,  and  of 
which  he  is  most  deserving. 

Roger§,  I/K  mi  ii;ml-rol.  Robert 
Zaehcu§,  Graf  ton,  Ontario,  is  a  younger 
brother  of  Henry  C.  Kogers.  who  is  referred 
to  at  length  on  page  147.  He  was  born  at 
Grafton,  Northumberland  county,  Ontario, 
29th  March,  1842.  His  education  was  com- 
pleted at  Upper  Canada  College  in  1859,  and 
soon  afterwards  he  was  entrusted  with  the 
management  of  the  farm  and  business  of  his 
father,  whom  he  succeeded.  He  was  among 
the  first  to  take  advantage  of  the  military 
training  offered  by  the  School  of  Instruction 
established  by  the  government  at  Toronto  in 
1864,  and  subsequently  took  an  active  pait 
in  the  volunteer  movement  of  1866,  serving 
as  a  lieutenant  during  the  Fenian  raids  of 
that  year.  After  nineteen  years'  service  as  a 
captain  in  the  40th  Northumberland  battal- 
ion Y.  M.,  he  assumed  the  command  of  the 


766 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


same  in  compliance  with  the  request  of  his 
brother  officers,  some  of  whom  were  senior 
to  him.  In  politics,  he  has  always  taken  an 
active  part  on  behalf  of  the  Conservative 
party,  and  for  eight  years  was  the  chosen 
leader  of  the  county  organization  in  support 
of  the  government  of  Sir  John  A.  Macdon- 
ald.  In  the  spring  of  1880  he  organized  an 
expedition  to  colonize  and  develop  the  val- 
ley of  the  Souris  river,  in  the  Canadian 
Northwest,  which  had  been  partly  survey- 
ed the  previous  season  and  most  favorably 
reported  on.  The  point  selected  as  the 
business  centre  was  called  Millford,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Souris — at  which  place  he 
started  a  saw  mill  in  June  of  that  year,  and 
erected  the  first  frame  building  west  of  the 
old  province  line,  range  13  west  of  Winni- 
peg, and  south  of  the  present  main  line  of 
the  C.  P.  Kailway.  The  following  year  he 
added  the  pioneer  flour  mill  of  the  district 
to  his  establishment,  and  for  five  years  car- 
ried on  an  extensive  business,  and  in  many 
ways  took  an  important  part  in  promoting 
the  advancement  of  that  very  promising 
agricultural  district.  This  enterprise,  how- 
ever, did  not  prove  a  financial  success,  and 
Mr.  Kogers  was  forced  reluctantly  to  aban- 
don the  idea  of  making  that  his  future  home. 
In  September,  1867,  he  married  Isabella, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Sheriff  Waddell, 
of  Chatham,  Ontario,  and  granddaughter  of 
the  late  Captain  William  Waddell,  of  the 
1st  Boyal  Dragoons,  a  veteran  of  Waterloo 
fame. 

Bonrgeoi§,  George  A.,  M.D.,  C.M., 
Three  Rivers,  was  born  at  St.  Gregoire, 
county  of  Nicolet,  P.Q.,  on  the  1st  of  Octo- 
ber, 1822.  His  father  was  Jacques  Bour- 
geois, a  farmer,  and  his  mother  Magdeleine 
Bourke.  He  took  a  classical  course  at  the 
Seminary  of  Nicolet.  He  adopted  the  medi- 
cal profession,  received  his  license  to  prac- 
tise on  the  1st  of  March,  1844,  and  began 
his  professional  career  hi  his  native  parish, 
where  he  practised  from  that  year  till  1867, 
inclusively.  He  then  entered  the  civil  ser- 
vice and  was  deputy  commissioner  of  crown 
lands  for  the  province  of  Quebec  from  the 
2nd  of  November,  1867,  to  the  2nd  of  Octo- 
ber, 1869,  during  which  period  he  resided 
in  the  city  of  Quebec.  He  was  director  of 
the  cadastral  operations  in  the  district  of 
Three  Bivers,  from  the  1st  of  August,  1870, 
to  the  1st  of  September,  1878.  He  was 
inspector  of  the  post  offices  of  the  Domin- 
ion of  Canada  in  the  postal  division  of  Three 


Bivers,  from  the  26th  of  July,  1879;  and  also 
in  the  Quebec  postal  division  from  the  12th  of 
February,  1886,  to  the  12th  of  July,  1887. 
He  has  been  a  resident  of  Three  Bivers 
since  May,  1872.  Dr.  Bourgeois  travelled 
in  Europe  during  the  years  1869  and  1870, 
and  visited  England,  Ireland,  Belgium,  Ger- 
many, France  and  Italy.  On  the  27th  of 
April,  1886,  he  was  created  Knight  Com- 
mander of  the  religious  and  military  order 
of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  and  also  an  honorary 
member  of  the  order  of  the  Chevaliers  Sauve- 
teurs  des  Alpes  Maritimes,  on  the  llth  of 
July  of  the  same  year.  In  May,  1885,  he 
received  from  the  Victoria  University  the 
degrees  of  M.D.  and  C.M.  He  was  married 
on  the  24th  of  September,  1844,  to  Mary 
Esther  Lucinda  Whitney,  who  died  on  the 
14th  of  September,  1868.  He  was  again 
married  to  Mary  Malvina  Ernestine  Bivard 
Dufresne,  on  the  22nd  of  October,  1870. 
In  religion  Dr.  Bourgeois  is  a  Boman 
Catholic. 

Brooks,  Hon.  Edward  T.,  Sher- 
brooke,  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
Quebec,  was  born  at  Lennoxville,  county 
of  Sherbrooke,  on  the  6th  of  July,  1830. 
His  father,  Samuel  Brooks,  was  a  native  of 
Massachusetts,  and  a  member  of  the  Brooks 
family  with  which  the  Adamses  of  that 
state  are  connected.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Canadian  assembly  for  Sherbrooke 
for  many  years,  the  last  term  being  from 
1844  until  his  death  in  1849.  His  mother 
was  Elizabeth  Towle.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  educated  at  Dartmouth  College, 
from  which  he  graduated  hi  1850  ;  studied 
law  with  Judge  J.  S.  Sanborn,  of  Sher- 
brooke, and  Andrew  Bobertson,  Q.C.,  of 
Montreal  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Lower 
Canada  in  1854,  created  a  Queen's  counsel 
in  1875,  and  elected  battonier  of  St.  Fran- 
cis bar  the  same  year.  He  has  always  had 
an  honorable  stand  at  the  bar  of  his  district, 
and  has  done  a  highly  remunerative  and 
straightforward  business.  In  ability  he 
stands  in  the  front  rank  in  his  part  of  the 
province.  He  was  vice-president  of  the  In- 
ternational and  Waterloo,  and  Magog  Bail- 
ways  ;  president  of  the  Sherbrooke  Bifle 
Association;  the  Fish  and  Game  Protection 
Society,  and  the  Plowmen's  Association  ; 
solicitor  for  the  Eastern  Townships  Bank, 
the  head- quarters  of  which  are  at  Sher- 
brooke, and  trustee  of  Bishop's  College^ 
Lennoxville.  He  is  a  man  with  a  great  deal 
of  public  spirit  and  very  highly  prized  as  a 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


767 


citizen.  He  was  first  elected  to  parliament 
for  his  present  seat  by  acclamation  in  1872, 
and  was  re-elected  in  the  same  manner  in 
1874,  and  again  at  the  general  election 
in  September,  1878.  He  was  the  author  of 
the  amendment  to  the  law  of  libel,  passed 
in  1874,  and  seconded  Sir  John  A.  Mac- 
donald's  motion  condemning  the  act  of 
Lieutenant- Governor  Letellier,  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Quebec.  He  was  a  Conservative, 
and  a  steadfast  and  earnest  supporter  of  the 
policy  of  that  party,  believing  the  best  inter- 
ests of  the  country  are  promoted  by  pro- 
tecting home  industries  and  encouraging 
internal  improvements.  These  were  his 
views,  as  many  of  his  friends  know,  long 
before  they  were  embodied  in  the  so-called 
"  national  policy,"  and  were  made  a  distinct 
party  issue.  Mr.  Brooks  was  elevated  to 
the  bench  of  St.  Francis  district  on  the  1st 
October,  1882.  He  was  married  in  1856,  to 
Sarah  Louise,  daughter  of  Eleazer  Clarke, 
revenue  inspector  and  high  constable,  Sher- 
brooke,  and  they  have  three  children. 

Cooke,  Richard  §.,  Advocate,  Three 
Rivers,  was  bom  at  Three  Bivers,  province 
of  Quebec,  on  the  23rd  of  January,  1850. 
He  is  the  son  of  the  late  John  Richard  Cooke, 
a  saddler  by  trade,  and  Marie  Emilie  Clou- 
tier,  and  nephew  of  the  late  Eight  Rev. 
Thomas  Cooke,  first  bishop  of  the  diocese  of 
Three  Rivers.  Mr  Cooke  received  his  early 
education  at  the  Christian  Brothers'  School, 
and  went  through  a  regular  course  of  clas- 
sical studies  at  the  St.  Joseph  College,  tak- 
ing first  prizes  every  year  at  both  institu- 
tions, and  distinguishing  himself  among  his 
schoolmates  by  his  talented  application.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  July,  1874,  and 
has  practised  his  profession  without  inter- 
ruption since  then,  making  a  specialty  of 
commercial  law  business.  From  1874  to 
1879  he  practised  with  the  Hon.  H.  G.  Mal- 
hiot  (then  a  member  of  the  Quebec  govern- 
ment, and  now  mayor  of  Three  Rivers), 
under  the  name  and  title  of  Malhiot  & 
Cooke.  Mr.  Cooke  was  an  alderman  of 
the  council  of  Three  Rivers  from  1880  to 
1885,  and  was  chosen  as  pro-mayor  and 
president  of  the  finance  committee.  He  has 
been  connected  with  nearly  every  amateur 
association  of  his  native  city,  and  founded 
the  Three  Rivers  Fish  and  Game  Club,  duly 
incorporated  and  holding  fishing  rights  on 
Lake  Archange  and  others  in  the  province 
of  Quebec.  He  has  taken  a  prominent  and 
very  active  part  in  all  political  and  munici- 


matters, and  has  always  been  an  inde- 
pendent supporter  of  the  Conservative  party, 
and  an  earnest  advocate  of  progress  in  muni- 
cipal affairs.  Mr.  Cooke  is  an  eloquent  and 
mpressive  speaker,  and  as  such  is  highly 
appreciated  and  generally  considered  to  be 
an  undoubted  authority  on  financial  mat- 
ters. He  has  visited  nearly  every  import- 
ant place  in  Canada,  the  United  States  and 
Europe.  He  belongs  to  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic church,  of  which  he  is  a  strict  member, 
but  thoroughly  liberal  in  his  views,  and  in 
no  way  given  to  bigotry.  Mr.  Cooke  mar- 
ried on  the  23rd  August,  1877,  Louisa 
Lajoie,  only  daughter  of  the  late  J.  B. 
Lajoie,  first  mayor  of  Three  Rivers,  but 
unfortunately  lost  both  his  wife  and  newly - 
born  child  the  following  year.  His  efforts 
and  energy  greatly  assisted  in  the  building 
of  the  Lower  Laurentian  Railway,  extend- 
ing from  the  Piles  branch  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway  towards  Lake  St.  John,  on 
part  of  which  trains  are  running  through 
the  parishes  of  St.  Tite  and  St.  Thecle 
Still  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  possessing  an 
unusual  amount  of  energy  and  talent,  Mr. 
Cooke  will  no  doubt  occupy  a  prominent 
position  in  the  affairs  of  his  country.  • 

MacGillivray,  Hon.  Angu§,  of  An- 
tigonish,  N.S.,  was  born  at  Bailey's  Brook, 
Pictou  county,  N.S.,  on  the  22nd  January, 
1842.  He  is  of  Scottish  extraction,  his 
grandfather,  Angus  MacGillivray,  having 
emigrated  from  Arisaig,  in  Inverness-shire, 
Scotland.  His  father  and  mother  were 
named  John  and  Catharine  MacGillivray. 
When  a  mere  lad,  Angus  removed,  in  1845, 
with  his  parents  to  Antigonish,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  He  received  his  educa- 
tion at  St.  Fran9ois-Xavier  College,  Anti- 
gonish— where  his  studies  embraced  the 
languages,  mathematics,  and  philosophy — 
and  from  this  institution  he  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  M.A.  The  counties  of  Anti- 
gonish and  the  eastern  portion  of  ihe  county 
of  Pictou  are  largely  peopled  with  Scotch 
Catholics,  and  a  man  of  Mr.  MacGillivray's 
abilities  would  naturally  possess  a  great  in- 
fluence among  his  coreligionists.  The  in- 
habitants of  Pictou  county  are  said  to  be 
more  Scotch  than  the  Scotch,  no  less  an  au- 
thority than  the  late  Rev.  Norman  McLeod, 
the  eminent  Scottish  divine,  having  pro- 
nounced them  to  be  as  tenacious  of  Scotch 
prejudice  and  national  custom  and  turn  of 
thought  and  speech  as  any  section  of  the 
people  in  old  Scotland.  Gaelic  is  common- 


768 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


Ij  spoken  by  all  classes  ;  original  Gaelic 
poems  are  often  to  be  seen  in  the  weekly 
newspapers  of  Pictou  and  Antigonish  ; 
and  Highland  gatherings,  those  nuclei 
of  national  sentiment  and  national  manly 
contests,  are  celebrated  every  year  in  either 
of  the  eastern  counties  or  in  Prince  Edward 
Island.  "Tigh-Dhe"  (House  of  God)  is  the 
inscription  cut  in  the  granite  over  the  portal 
of  the  great  cathedral  in  Antigonish,  which 
edifice  is  considered  to  be  the  largest  and 
handsomest  religious  structure  in  Nova 
Scotia.  After  graduating,  Mr.  MacGillivray 
entered  upon  the  study  of  the  law  in  the 
office  of  -H.  (now  judge)  Macdonald,  and 
finished  in  the  office  of  Blanchard  &  Magher, 
Halifax,  was  called  to  the  bar  on  the  22nd 
of  July,  1874,  and  immediately  afterwards 
formed  a  partnership  with  A.  Mclsaac  (now 
judge  of  the  County  Court).  A  dissolution 
taking  place  on  the  elevation  of  Mr.  Mclsaac 
to  the  bench,  Mr.  MacGillivray  formed  an- 
other partnership,  and  is  now  head  of  the 
law  firm  of  MacGillivray  &  Chisholm,  bar- 
risters, etc.  Being  a  most  popular  man  in 
his  professional  and  social  relations,  he  was 
returned  to  the  House  of  Assembly  by  ac- 
clamation at  the  general  election  in  1878, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1882.  In  February, 
1883,  he  was  elected  speaker  of  the  house, 
and  discharged  the  duties  of  that  respon- 
sible office  with  great  discrimination  and 
acceptance  until  the  dissolution  in  May, 

1886.  Being  again  nominated  by  his  con- 
stituents, he   contested  the  bounty  at  the 
general  election  on  the  15th  June,   1886, 
and  was  returned  at  the  head  of  the  poll, 
the  vote   standing — Angus   MacGillivray, 
1,378  votes;  C.F.  Mclsaac,  1,273,  defeating 
0.  B.  Whidden,  900;    and  R.  McDonald, 
487.     He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council  ih  the  Hon.  Mr.  Fielding's 
cabinet,  on  the  28th  June,  1886.     Yielding 
to  the  urgent  solicitations  of  his  party,  he 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  Nova  Scotia  legis- 
lature  in  January,  1887,  in  order  to  run 
for  the  House  of   Commons  at  Ottawa  at 
the  general  election,  his  opponent  being  the 
Hon.  John   S.  D.    Thompson,  minister  of 
justice.    Even  against  so  strong  a  man,  the 
Hon.  Mr.  MacGillivray  polled  1,207  votes, 
being  defeated  by  only  40  votes.    However, 
being    again  nominated  for  a  seat  in  the 
local  house,  there  was  no  one  bold  enough 
to  take  the  field  against  him,  and  he  was 
returned  by  acclamation  on  the  1st  March, 

1887.  On  the  7th  March  following  he  was 


reappointed  a  member  of  the  government. 
Hon.  Mr.  MacGillivray  was  one  of  the  com- 
missioners appointed  by  the  government 
in  1878  to  investigate  the  claims  of  labor- 
ers and  others  against  absconding  and  in- 
solvent contractors  on  the  Eastern  Extension 
Railway  ;  and  in  October,  1887,  he  was  one 
of  the  delegates  to  the  Inter-Provincial  Con- 
ference held  at  Quebec.  He  is  connected 
with  improvements  relating  to  agriculture, 
and  takes  part  in  the  better  encouragement 
of  that  industry.  In  religion  he  is  a  Roman 
Catholic,  and  in  politics  a  Liberal.  He 
married,  on  the  5th  February,  1878,  Maggie, 
daughter  of  the  late  Alexander  Mclntosh,  of 
Antigonish.  This  lady  died  on  the  8th  Sep- 
tember, 1879.  On  July  15th,  1884,  he  mar- 
ried May  E.,  daughter  of  John  Doherty,  of 
New  York. 

Castle,  Rev.  John  Harvard,  P.P., 
Principal  of  McMaster  Hall,  Toronto,  was 
born  in  Milestown,  Philadelphia,  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1830.  He  received  his  early  education 
at  the  Central  High  School  of  Philadelphia. 
In  the  year  1847  he  entered  the  University 
of  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  where  he  graduated  with 
honors  in  1851,  and  from  that  institution  of 
learning  he  received  the  degree  of  Poctor 
of  Divinity  in  1866.  He  completed  his 
ministeral  studies  at  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary,  N.Y.,  in  1853,  and  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Broad  Street  Church,  Phila- 
delphia, the  same  year.  He  was  ordained 
at  Pottsville,  Pa.,  where  he  labored  for  two 
years  and  a  half,  after  which  he  took  charge 
of  the  Baptist  Church  at  Newburgh,  N.Y. 
In  1859  he  returned  to  his  native  city  and 
entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  Church,  West  Philadelphia,  where  he 
remained  for  fourteen  years,  universally  be- 
loved by  the  members  of  his  church  and 
community.  Here  he  gave  much  time  and 
labor  to  the  missionary  cause  and  educa- 
tional interest,  serving  on  the  boards  of  the 
publication  and  education  societies,  and  the 
general  association.  He  was  also  a  trustee 
of  the  University  at  Lewisburgh,  and  of  Cro- 
zer  Theological  Seminary.  He  served  as 
moderator  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Asso- 
ciation, and  was  also  elected  president  of  the 
ministerial  conference.  In  the  spring  of  1871 
he  commenced  a  tour  of  Europe.  In  1872 
he  was  urgently  invited  to  take  charge  of  the 
Jarvis  Street  Baptist  Church  of  Toronto,  On- 
tario, which  invitation  he  accepted  after  ma- 
ture consideration,  and  commenced  his  pas- 
torate on  1st  February,  1873.  In  this  field 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


769 


of  labor  he  remained  in  close  and  affectionate 
relations  with  his  congregation  for  years,  al- 
though strongly  urged  to  accept  the  prin- 
cipalship  of  the  Woodstock  College.  When 
its  Theological  department  was  removed 
to  Toronto  on  the  completion  of  McMaster 
Hall,  the  leading  men  of  his  denomination 
turned  to  him  as  eminently  fitted  to  become 
the  principal.  This  position  he  accepted,  and 
has  filled,  as  also  the  chair  of  systematic 
theology  and  pastoral  theology,  with  that 
success  which  was  expected  of  him.  A  secu- 
lar journal  of  Toronto,  under  date  of  Octo- 
ber 5th,  1877,  thus  speaks  of  him  :  "  Into 
the  work  of  the  denomination  and  all  Chris- 
tain  movements  he  has  thrown  himself  with 
all  his  heart  and  has  become  a  leading  spirit 
therein.  His  congregation  has  increased  rap- 
idly, and  erected  a  handsome  oiiurch  build- 
ing at  the  cost  of  $100,000,  of  which  the  Hon. 
Senator  McMaster  contributed  $35,000  to- 
wards it  ;  this  building  is  now  one  of  the  re- 
cognized sights  of  the  city.  He  is  a  strong 
temperance  advocate,  and  a  consistent  enemy 
of  frivolity  of  all  descriptions.  His  oratorical 
powers  are  of  a  high  order,  his  enunciation 
being  singularly  distinct,  and  his  manner 
graceful  and  effective.  Though  an  earnest 
upholder  of  the  doctrines  of  his  denomin- 
ation, he  seldom  gives  utterance  to  any  re- 
marks which  members  of  other  communions 
cannot  listen  to  without  impatience.  Never 
slow  to  do  battle  when  controversies  arise,  he 
proves  an  adept  in  polemics,  but  is  ever 
ready  to  recognize  and  admire  all  that  is 
Christ-like  beyond  his  own  ecclesiastical 
boundaries."  Mr.  Castle  was  joined  in  wed- 
lock on  the  15th  of  September,  1853,  to 
Mary  Antoinette  Arnold,  of  Rochester,  N.Y., 
by  whom  he  has  five  children,  two  daugh- 
ters and  three  sons. 

Ball,  George,  Lumber  Manufacturer, 
Nicolet,  Quebec  province,  was  born  at  Cham- 
plain,  Quebec,  llth  September,  1838.  His 
parents  were  Reuben  Ball  and  Flavia  Fon- 
taine. Mr.  Ball  is  one  of  our  many  self-edu- 
cated men,  as  in  his  early  days  schools  were 
not  as  numerous  as  they  are  now,  and  he  had 
to  satisfy  himself  with  a  few  months  at 
a  grammar  school.  In  early  life  he  decided 
to  enter  into  mercantile  business,  in  which 
he  soon  evinced  marked  ability,  and  his 
future  success  fully  proved  the  wisdom  of 
his  choice.  He  is  now  one  of  the  largest 
lumber  manufacturers  in  the  province  of 
Quebec,  his  mills  at  Nicolet  having  a  ca- 
pacity of  over  10,000,000  feet  of  lumber  per 
VV 


annum.  He  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
municipal  affairs  of  his  town,  and  in  1885 
was  elected  mayor,  being  re-elected  to  the 
same  office  in  1887,  and  is  held  in  the  high- 
est esteem  by  his  fellow-townsmen  and  all 
who  know  him.  In  politics  Mr.  Ball  is  a 
Conservative.  He  was  married  in  1864  to 
Eliza  Thurbar. 

Boulton,  D'Arcy  Edward,  Co- 
bourg,  Ontario,  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  The 
Prince  of  Wales'  Canadian  Dragoons,  head- 
quarters at  Cobourg,  was  born  at  York, 
Upper  Canada,  on  the  2nd  of  February, 
1814.  He  is  the  present  surviving  son  of 
the  late  D'Arcy  Boulton  and  Sarah  Robin- 
son, of  The  Grange,  Toronto,  nephew  of  Sir 
John  Beverley  Robinson,  and  grandson  of 
the  late  D'Arcy  Boulton,  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  Queen's  Bench  of  then  Upper  Cana- 
da, at  that  time  a  Crown  colony,  all  of  that 
party  known  as  the  Family  Compact.  Judge 
Boulton  brought  his  young  family  to  Can- 
ada in  1796,  and  on  a  voyage  to  England  a 
few  years  after,  the  vessel  he  was  in  was  cap- 
tured by  a  French  frigate  after  an  engage- 
ment, in  which  Mr.  Boulton  received  a  cutlas 
wound,  and  was  carried  a  prisoner  of  war  to 
France,  where  he  remained  on  his  patrol  of 
honor  at  Verdun  for  three  years  prior  to  Bon- 
aparte's march  to  Moscow.  The  wound  on 
his  arm  grew  so  as  to  affect  the  circulation  of 
the  blood,  so  much  so  that  he  went  to  Eng- 
land in  1830,  and  an  operation  by  Sir  Benja- 
min Brodie  removed  the  part,  by  cutting  out 
a  pound  of  flesh  at  the  risk  of  life.  He  after- 
wards returned  to  Toronto  cured  of  this 
trouble.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  edu- 
cated first  under  the  late  Bishop  Strachan, 
and  in  1829  went  to  complete  his  education 
in  England,  at  Tiverton,  Devon,  in  Blun- 
dell's  school.  He  returned  to  Canada  in 
1832,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law.  He  was  made  a  barrister  in  1837, 
and  practised  in  the  profession  from  that 
date  at  Cobourg,  his  place  of  residence.  In 
1836  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  board 
of  police,  and  sat  for  years  in  it,  and  after- 
wards as  a  member  of  the  town  council; 
he  was  also  a  member  of  the  county  council. 
He  was  mayor  of  Cobourg  in  the  year  1853 
and  three  following  years,  and  devoted  him- 
self to  the  promotion  of  harbor  extension  and 
the  construction  of  gravel  and  plank  roads 
leading  from  Cobourg  into  the  country,  east, 
west,  and  north  to  Rice  Lake,  and  in  1855 
carried  through  the  legistature  a  charter  to 
build  the  railway  to  Peterboro',  as  a  feeder 


770 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


to  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  He  was  after- 
wards largely  interested  as  shareholder  and 
director  in  the  Midland  Bailway,  and  for  a 
period  was  president  of  the  company.  He 
was  a  commissioner  of  the  Cobourg  Town 
Trust,  and  in  1883  was  appointed  by  the  Do- 
minion government  one  of  a  Royal  commis- 
sion with  George  M.  Clarke/judge,  and 
Frederick  Broughton,  manager  of  the  Great 
Western  Railway,  to  investigate  numerous 
old  standing  claims  by  contractors  against 
the  Dominion  government,  amounting  to 
several  millions  of  dollars.  This  inquiry 
was  very  thorough,  extending  over  a  period 
of  about  two  years,  till  every  claim  was  dis- 
posed of.  In  1854  he  was  engaged  by  Col. 
Sloo,  possessor  of  a  Mexican  grant  or  char- 
ter, confirmed  by  treaty  between  Mexico  and 
the  United  States  of  America,  to  procure 
English  contractors  to  build  a  railway  from 
Vera  Cruz  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  the 
Pacific  ocean,  known  as  the  Tehuantepec 
Railway,  and  to  assist  at  Washington  in 
getting  a  confirmation  of  the  treaty  by  Con- 
gress. The  result  of  his  work  was  a  con- 
tract with  Messrs.  Sykes,  of  England,  to  ad- 
vance $600,000  to  Mexico,  the  price  of  the 
charter,  and  to  build  the  railway,  for  which 
service  he  was  handsomely  rewarded  by  the 
railway  company,  of  which  Colonel  Sloo  was 
president.  The  contract  afterwards  fell 
through,  by  the  loss  of  the  senior  Sykes, 
with  engineers  and  full  staff,  who  were 
lost  hi  the  steamer  Arctic,  which  went  down 
at  sea  with  all  hands.  In  1854  Mr.  Boulton 
was  named  by  a  Conservative  convention  to 
contest  the  West  Riding  of  Northumber- 
land, but  was  defeated  by  the  corrupt  ex- 
penditure of  very  large  sums  of  money.  He 
was  a  consistent  Conservative,  and  presi- 
dent for  several  years  of  the  Liberal-Con- 
servative Association  from  its  first  organisa- 
tion. At  the  beginning  of  the  rebellion  in 
1837  he  joined  the  order  of  Loyal  Orange- 
men, and  in  1846  entered  the  Masonic  order 
and  the  order  of  Oddfellows,  Manchester 
Unity,  about  the  same  period ;  and  is  now  one 
of  the  oldest  members  of  the  Masonic  and 
Orange  fraternities,  is  one  of  the  senior  mem- 
bers of  the  bar,  and  is  senior  officer  of  the 
active  militia  service  on  duty.  In  1837  he 
raised  a  company  of  infantry  and  volun- 
teers, and  as  captain,  was  enlisted  with  his 
men — into  the  incorporated  regiment  of  the 
Queen's  Own,  under  Colonel  Kingsmill,  and 
served  in  Toronto  and  on  the  Niagara  fron- 
tier till  the  troubles  were  over.  When  the 


active  milita  was  reorganised  in  1855,.  Cap- 
tain Boulton  raised  a  volunteer  cavalry 
troop,  known  as  The  Prince  of  Wales'  Can- 
adian Dragoons,  wearing  the  scarlet  uniform 
of  the  English  regiment.  This  troop  was 
increased  to  a  squadron  in  1857,  when  the 
captain  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel 
in  November  of  that  year,  and  in  1875  the 
corps  was  increased  to  a  regiment,  with 
head-quarters  at  Cobourg,  and  has  always 
been  efficient  for  duty.  From  his  birth 
a  member  of  the  Church  of  England,  he 
has  served  at  different  periods  as  church- 
warden and  delegate  to  the  Synod.  In 
1826  he  rode  on  horseback  with  his  brother 
William  from  Toronto  to  Peterboro'  to  visit 
the  located  site  of  the  town,  it  being  found- 
ed by  his  uncle,  the  Hon.  Peter  Robinson, 
commissioner  of  crown  lands,  who  brought 
the  first  Irish  emigrants  as  colonists  to  Up- 
per Canada.  At  that  time  the  townships 
north  of  Port  Hope  were  receiving  their 
first  settlers,  and  a  dozen  or  so  log  huts 
were  erected  on  the  banks  of  the  Otanabee 
river  to  receive  the  immigrants  prior  to 
going  upon  their  lands.  Colonel  Boulton 
in  1838  married  Emily  Heath,  daughter  of 
Lieutenant- Colonel  Charles  Heath,  of  the 
East  Indian  Company's  service,  who  died 
in  India  when  his  three  chidren  were  in 
childhood.  His  widow  spent  many  years 
on  the  continent,  in  Italy  and  Paris,  where 
she  educated  her  children,  and  in  1836 
brought  them  to  Toronto,  Canada.  The 
mother  died  in  1874  at  Cobourg.  Her  son, 
Charles  Wallace  Heath,  of  Toronto,  and  her 
two  daughters,  are  still  living.  Colonel 
Boulton' s  family  consists  of  three  sons  and 
four  daughters  living.  The  eldest  son,  Ma- 
jor Boulton,  entered  the  army,  receiving  a 
commission  in  the  first  organization  of  the 
Royal  Canadian  regiment.  He  was  sta- 
tioned at  Gibraltar  and  Malta  for  some 
years,  and  returned  with  his  regiment  to 
Canada.  He  sold  out,  and  joined  the  active 
militia;  and  in  1885,  when  settled  in  Mani- 
toba, he  raised  and  commanded  the  corps 
known  as  Boulton' s  Scouts,  and  did  good 
service  quelling  the  Indian  rebellion.  After 
entering  into  the  organization  and  business 
of  railways,  Colonel  Boulton  in  1865  ceased 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  devoted 
his  latter  life  to  agriculture.  He  organised 
the  first  Farmers'  Institute  in  his  riding,  over 
which  he  was  elected  to  preside.  He  has 
been  for  years  a  member  of  the  local  Agri- 
cultural Association,  and  was  one  of  the 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


771 


originators  of  that  association  in  1835  or 
thereabouts.  He  was  a  zealous  supporter  of 
the  turf  and  the  hunt,  and  is  now  a  breeder 
of  thoroughbred  stock  of  horses,  short-horns, 
and  Shropshire  Down  sheep,  and  still  pur- 
sues an  active,  busy  life.  Two  sons  and 
four  daughters  are  married,  and  have  fami 
lies  growing  up. 

Baptist,  Oeorge,  Three  Eivers,  Que- 
bec. The  late  Mr.  Baptist  was  born  in  the 
town  of  Coldstream,  Berwickshire,  Scotland, 
7th  January,  1808,  and  came  to  Canada, 
after  arriving  at  the  years  of  manhood.  Be- 
ing possessed  of  great  natural  talent  and  a 
practical  machinist  as  well  as  a  millwright, 
he  was  entrusted  with  the  management  of 
the  Etchemin  saw  mills,  owned  by  Sir  John 
Caldwell.  then  the  largest  lumber  merchant 
at  the  time  in  Canada.  After  spending  some 
years  as  manager  of  those  mills,  he  leased 
the  Point  Lsvi  mills  from  the  government, 
and  here  he  continued  till  his  final  removal  to 
the  town  of  Three  Rivers,  in  1846.  On  his  ar- 
rival there  he  bought  the  Cache  mill  situated 
on  the  river  St.  Maurice.  Feeling  that  the 
amount  of  business  being  done  at  the  mill 
was  not  nearly  as  large  as  the  demand  re- 
quired, he  went  on  a  prospecting  tour, 
and  finding  an  eligible  location  for  a  more 
extensive  business,  built  what  was  known 
as  the  grey  mills,  with  a  capacity  of  12,000,- 
000  feet  of  lumber.  Finding  that  this  mill 
was  not  large  enough  for  his  still  growing 
trade,  he  built  another  mill  adjoining  the 
first,  which  enabled  him  to  cut  double 
the  quantity  produced  by  the  first  mill;  this 
mill  was  however  destroyed  by  a  freshet 
in  1873.  He  then  built  a  steam  saw  mill 
on  Baptist  Island,  with  a  capacity  of  15,000,- 
000  feet  of  lumber  annually.  Tn  conse- 
quence of  the  large  volume  of  business 
transacted  in  connection  with  the  mills  es- 
tablished by  Mr.  Baptist  necessitating  the 
employment  of  a  large  staff  of  men  and 
material,  the  present  location  which  is  still 
in  possession  of  his  sons  —a  place  which  was 
once  a  barren  wilderness — has  been  trans- 
formed by  his  enterprise  and  industry  into 
a  well  populated  district  of  villages  and  fine 
cultivated  farms.  From  the  time  of  Mr. 
Baptist's  first  settlement  on  the  St.  Maurice 
his  business  progressed  with  remarkable 
rapidity,  and  is  still  another  proof  of  what 
can  be  accomplished  by  perseverance,  join- 
ed with  industry  and  shrewdness,  aided 
by  a  thorough  practical  knowledge  of  the 
mechanical  part  of  his  business  acquired 


in  his  native  land.  He  founded  a  lumber 
business  in  the  province  of  Quebec,  which 
still  rivals  that  of  any  in  Canada,  and  to-day 
his  son,  Alexander,  is  one  of  the  largest 
dealers  and  exporters  on  the  continent.  Mr. 
Baptist  was  married  at  Point  Levi,  in  the 
year  1834,  to  Isabella  Cockburn,  who  was 
born  in  the  same  town  as  himself.  Mrs. 
Baptist  was  of  great  assistance  to  her  hus- 
band in  his  efforts  to  achieve  the  success 
which  he  so  successfully  won.  In  politics 
he  was  a  Liberal-Conservative.  He  always 
took  an  active  part  in  local  contests,  and  at 
one  time  contested  the  Senatorial  division 
of  Shawenigan  in  opposition  to  the  Hon.  Dr. 
Malhiot.  Mr.  Baptist  was  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  died  on  the  llth 
May,  1875,  well  beloved  by  his  fellow  towns- 
men for  his  genial,  reliable,  and  strictly  up- 
right character.  His  family  consists  of  two 
sons  and  five  daughters.  The  property  left 
by  Mr.  Baptist  to  his  heirs  amounted  to 
half  a  million  dollars. 

Klein,  Alphon§e  Basil,  Barrister, 
Walkerton,  Ontario  province,  was  born  on 
the  llth  of  September,  1851,  at  the  town 
of  Berlin,  county  Waterloo,  Ontario.  His 
father  was  John  Klein,  a  well-known  news- 
paper writer,  and  his  mother  was  Ludovika 
Lang,  and  were  both  natives  of  Baden,  Ger- 
many, who  settled  in  Canada  many  years 
ago.  Mr.  Klein  was  educated  by  his  father 
and  in  the  Berlin  Grammar  School,  and 
speaks  and  writes  the  German  language. 
He  commenced  to  study  law  in  1868, 
was  admitted  to  practise  as  attorney  and 
solicitor  in  May,  1874,  and  called  to  the 
bar  in  1879.  He  began  practice  in  1874  in 
Walkerton,  in  partnership  with  W.  Barrett, 
now  junior  judge  of  Bruce.  The  same  year 
he  joined  the  32nd  battalion,  Bruce  Volun- 
teer Militia,  and  received  the  commission 
of  paymaster  in  the  same  battalion  in  June, 
1881.  During  the  North-West  rebellion,  in 
1885,  his  battalion  was  called  out,  but  after 
laying  at  Southampton  for  a  week,  it  was 
ordered  to  return  home.  Mr.  Klein  was 
public  school  trustee  for  Walkerton  from 
1876  to  1883,  and  was  chairman  of  the 
board  in  1882.  He  was  elected  mayor  of 
Walkerton  for  1883,  and  re-elected  by  ac- 
clamation to  the  same  office  in  1884.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  Walkerton  Horti- 
cultural Society  for  the  last  four  years.  Is 
a  member  of  Branch  46,  C.M.B.A.,  located 
at  Walkerton.  Was  president  of  the  South 
Bruce  Liberal- Conservative  Association  in 


772 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


1884,  1885,  1886  ;  and  secretary-treasurer 
from  1874  until  1884,of  the  same  association. 
He  received  the  unanimous  nomination  of 
the  Liberal-Conservative  party  to  contest 
South  Bruce  in  the  local  elections  in  1886 
against  Mr.  O'Connor,  the  Liberal  candi- 
date, but  failed  to  secure  his  election.  In 
politics  Mr.  Klein  is  a  Liberal-Conservative, 
and  in  religion  a  Roman  Catholic.  He  was 
married  on  the  9th  September,  1879,  to 
Sophia  A.  Klein,  daughter  of  the  late 
Richard  Morden,  one  of  the  first  settlers 
in  Brant  township,  near  Walkerton.  Her 
father's  family  were  U.  E.  loyalists,  and 
are  of  Welsh  descent,  and  in  former  times 
were  Quakers.  Her  mother  was  born  in 
England.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  has 
been  one  daughter, 

Honey,  John  Sleep,  Montreal,  Joint 
Prothonotary  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Que- 
bec, and  Joint  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of 
the  same  province,  was  born  in  the  borough 
of  Callington,  county  of  Cornwall  East, 
within  three  miles  of  the  river  Tamar,  on 
the  borders  of  Devonshire,  England.  His 
father  was  a  master  builder,  and  for  many 
years  was  extensively  engaged  as  such.  He 
was  a  man  distinguished  for  his  industrious 
habits  and  high  probity  of  character.  At 
the  age  of  thirteen  .John  S.  Honey  entered 
the  office  of  a  distinguished  lawyer  in  his 
native  borough  as  clerk,  and  continued  in 
this  employment  for  four  years.  In  the 
month  of  July,  1832,  the  family  sailed 
from  Plymouth  for  Canada,  and  fortunately 
arrived  in  Montreal  in  the  month  of  Sep- 
tember, just  as  the  cholera,  which  had  been 
so  fatal  that  year,  had  begun  to  abate.  Mr. 
Honey  was  favored  when  leaving  the  office 
of  his  patron  in  Callington,  and  through  his 
influence,  with  a  kind  letter  of  introduction 
from  Sir  William  Pratts  Call,  baronet,  to 
Lord  Aylmer,  then  governor  of  Lower  Can- 
ada. In  December  following  his  arrival, 
Mr.  Honey  had  the  good  fortune  to  find 
employment  in  the  office  of  Monk  &  Mor- 
rough,  the  joint  prothonotaries  of  the 
then  Court  of  Kings  Bench.  He  was  first 
employed  as  enquette  clerk,  and  at  the  end 
of  the  engagement,  which  lasted  only  about 
a  week,  he  became  clerk  in  the  inferior  term 
of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench,  whence,  after 
two  weeks'  service  in  this  office,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  permanent  staff  of  the  Court  of 
King's  Bench.  In  six  months  after  his  pro- 
motion he  was  articled  for  five  years  as  a 
law  student  in  the  office  of  the  prothono- 


taries, who  were  both  lawyers,  and  at  the 
end  of  his  term  was  duly  admitted  to  the 
bar,  but  as  his  services  in  the  department 
were  considered  valuable  by  the  prothono- 
taries, and  his  salary  having  been  hand- 
somely augmented,  he  declined  to  enter 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  the 
course  of  four  years  Mr.  Honey's  adminis- 
trative capacity  effected  many  important 
changes  in  the  office,  which  continue  in 
operation  to  the  present  period.  The  most 
valuable  of  these  improvements  was  the  in- 
troduction of  the  Court  Book,  known  as  the 
"  Repertoire,"  in  which  he  embodied  par- 
ticulars of  the  cases  which  had  been  insti- 
tuted since  1827.  This  laborious  work  was 
performed  after  office  hours,  and  extended 
over  a  period  of  twelve  months.  It  was 
presented  to  the  prothonotaries  on  the  1st 
of  January,  1837,  and  was  so  highly  ap- 
preciated by  the  authorities  of  the  court, 
the  bar  and  even  the  mercantile  community, 
that  a  handsome  gift  in  money  was  handed 
by  the  prothonotaries  to  Mr.  Honey.  In 
1850  the  fees  of  the  court  in  Lower  Canada 
were  ordered  by  law  to  be  funded.  About 
the  same  period,  under  another  enactment, 
further  decentralization  of  the  administra- 
tion of  justice  took  place,  which,  by  estab- 
lishing several  courts  in  new  localities,  so 
reduced  the  fees  in  all  the  old  districts  that 
the  government  was  obliged  to  pay  from 
the  general  revenue  a  large  amount  annu- 
ally to  meet  deficiencies.  In  order  to  re- 
medy this  defect  in  the  working  of  these 
several  courts,  Mr.  Honey  submitted  to  the 
government  in  the  year  1860  a  re-adjust- 
ment of  the  Montreal  tariff  of  fees  for  the 
Superior  Court,  which  was  adopted  in 
1861,  and  extended  uniformly  to  all  the 
districts.  As  a  result  of  this  change,  in- 
stead of  a  deficiency  in  the  district  of  Mon- 
treal of  $5,932  in  the  year  1857,  there 
was  an  annual  surplus,  the  amount  of  the 
year  1874  not  being  less  than  $6,825.  In 
the  year  1862  Mr.  Honey  rendered  import- 
ant services  to  the  legal  profession  by  the 
publication  of  a  "  Table  of  Fees  and  Dis- 
bursements Payable  to  Attorneys  and  Of- 
ficers of  the  Courts  in  Suits  at  Law  " ;  also 
"Rules  of  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench,  and  Tariffs  of  Fees  for  Registrars, 
Advocates,  and  Officers  of  the  Courts,  in- 
clnding  Schedule  of  Taxes  upon  Proceed- 
ings in  Courts  of  Civil  and  Criminal  Juris- 
diction in  Lower  Canada."  In  the  year 
1834,  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Morrough,  he  was 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


773 


appointed  deputy  prothonotary  of  the  Supe- 
rior and  Circuit  Courts,  and  so  continued 
till  the  year  1865,  when,  upon  the  de- 
mise of  Mr.  Monk,  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  joint  prothonotary,  and  this  office 
he  still  continues  to  fill. 

I>e§§aint,  Ulajor  Alexander,LL.B., 
Kamouraska,  Quebec  province,  M.P.  for 
Kamouraska,  was  born  at  Kamouraska,  on 
the  16th  July,  1847.  He  received  the  be- 
ginning of  a  first-class  collegiate  training  in 
the  College  at  St.  Anne's,  whence  he  gradu- 
ated to  the  larger  and  more  advanced  in- 
stitution at  Three  Rivers,  proving  himself 
an  apt  scholar.  His  parents  determined  to 
fit  him  for  the  practice  of  the  law,  and  he 
entered  upon  the  reading  for  that  profes- 
sion at  Laval  University.  He  completed  his 
college  course  in  Victoria  University.  He 
was  called  to  the  bar  of  his  native  province 
when  but  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  be- 
gan practice  in  Kamouraska.  In  1873  he 
married  Marie  Blanche  Henriette  Paradis. 
His  father  having  been  a  prominent  mer- 
chant of  Kamouraska,  Mr.  Dessaint,  from 
his  entrance  upon  man's  estate  was  one  of 
the  leading  citizens  of  the  place,  and  his 
natural  abilities  enabled  him  to  improve  the 
advantages  of  his  position.  Having  a  taste 
for  military  affairs,  he  connected  himself 
with  the  88th  battalion,  of  which  he  soon 
became  major,  which  rank  he  still  retains. 
He  has  been  over  and  over  again  elected 
mayor  of  Kamouraska,  and  is  a  commis- 
sioner of  the  Superior  Court  for  the  county. 
Being  a  public-spirited  citizen,  he  naturally 
took  an  interest  in  public  affairs.  He  allied 
himself  with  the  Liberal  party,  of  which  he 
soon  became  one  of  the  leading  spirits  for 
the  district.  The  county  had  for  a  long 
time  been  a  close  one,  and  the  contests  were 
proportionately  arduous.  In  1882,  Mr. 
Blondeau,  a  Conservative,  was  elected  and  sat 
out  his  term;  but  when  the  general  election  of 
1887  was  called,  Mr.  Dessaint  was  nomin- 
ated as  the  Liberal  standard-bearer.  Being 
successful  in  the  contest,  he  entered  parlia 
ment  with  the  eclat  of  one  who  had  "  redeem- 
ed" a  seat  from  the  opposing  party.  In  his 
brief  parliamentary  career,  Mr.  Dessaint 
has  proved  himself  one  of  the  most  scholarly 
and  thoughtful  members  of  the  Liberal  op- 
position. He  is  an  able  speaker  also,  as 
was  shown  by  his  contribution  to  the  debate 
on  unrestricted  reciprocity  with  the  United 
States,  which  took  place  during  the  session 
of  1888. 


Ifoiiun,  martin,  Barrister,  Three 
Rivers,  Quebec  province,  was  born  in  1845, 
at  Fermoy,  Cork  county,  Ireland.  His  pa- 
rents were  Kernon  Honan,  and  Mary  Burns. 
His  father  was  a  corporal  in  the  94th  regi- 
ment of  foot,  and  served  for  twenty-one 
years  hi  the  army.  The  parent  pair  with 
their  three  children,  Patrick,  Martin  and 
Margaret,  all  under  eleven  years  of  age, 
emigrated  to  Canada  in  1848.  A  short  time 
after  their  arrival  in  Montreal — having  been 
taken  sick  on  the  boat  while  on  the  passage 
from  Quebec  to  that  city — father  and  mo- 
ther and  little  sister  died,  and  Patrick, 
eleven  years  of  age,  and  Martin,  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch,  three  years  of  age,  were 
left  to  the  tender  mercy  of  the  world.  They 
were  at  first  taken  to  the  hospital,  and  after- 
wards conveyed  by  a  Catholic  priest  (now 
Monsignor  Marquis  of  St.  Celestine,  county 
of  Nicolet,  P.Q. )  to  Becancour,  in  the  latter 
county.  The  little  party  taken  to  the  coun- 
1  ry  at  this  time  consisted  of  fourteen  orphan?, 
and  all  were  adopted  by  French-Canadian 
farmers.  Patrick  was  adopted  by  Nazaire 
Comeau,  and  Martin  by  Olivier  Tourigny. 
He  remained  three  years  and  three  months  at 
Nicolet  College,  and  on  the  1st  of  May,  1862, 
having  completely  forgotten  the  English  lan- 
guage, he  went  to  St.  Patrick's  Hill,  in  the 
township  of  Ting  wick,  county  of  Arthabaska, 
and  settled  in  the  midst  of  an  Irish  settle- 
ment to  pick  up  again  his  native  language. 
Here  he  hired  as  a  clerk  in  a  store,  where  he 
remained  four  months.  He  then  resolved 
to  adopt  a  profession,  and  in  July,  1861, 
began  to  study  for  the  position  of  notary 
public.  In  1863,  having  been  retained 
by  the  late  Mr.  Parker,  a  celebrated  law- 
yer of  his  day,  to  take  notes  of  the  evi- 
dence in  a  celebrated  murder  trial  then 
going  on,  he  was  so  impressed  with  Mr. 
Parker's  eloquent  address  to  the  jury,  that 
he  decided  to  abandon  the  notaryship  and  be- 
gin the  study  of  law.  But  having  had  only 
three  years  of  a  classical  course,  he  found  he 
could  not  be  admitted  to  study  without  fur- 
ther education.  Nothing  daunted  he  bought 
a  lot  of  books,  and  perused  his  studies 
alone,  and  when  he  thought  he  could  pase 
an  examination  he  went  to  a  person  autho- 
rised by  our  law  and  passed  his  examina- 
tion. Having  received  from  him  the  neces- 
sary certificate  of  qualification,  he  went  to 
Quebec,  passed  his  examination  before'  the 
Board  of  Examiners,  of  which  Mr.  Parker 
was  a  member,  and  was  admitted  to  the 


774 


OF 


study  of  law.  He  studied  hard,  and  had 
the  satisfaction  of  being  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Lower  Canada  on  the  5th  of  August, 
1867,  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion at  Arthabaskaville,  where  he  remained 
until  the  2nd  of  October,  1872,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Three  Rivers,  where  he  now  suc- 
cessfully does  business.  Mr  Honan  was 
deputy  registrar  of  deeds  at  Arthabaskaville, 
in  the  county  of  Arthabaska,  from  the  7th 
September,  1862,  to  December,  1865,  and 
from  the  latter  date  to  October,  1866,  clerk 
in  the  prothontary's  office.  From  this 
time  to  June,  1867,  he  followed  the  law 
lectures  at  St.  Mary  College,  Montreal,  and 
studied  under  the  Hon.  Senator  Trudel.  He 
is  a  Liberal  in  politics,  and  has  taken  part 
in  all  political  contests  since  1867.  He  was 
married  on  the  6th  September,  1868,  to 
Marie  Louise  Annabella  Stein,  second 
daughter  of  Adolphus  Stein  and  Marie 
Genevieve  Buteau.  Mrs.  Honan' s  father 
emigrated  from  Germany  when  only  seven- 
teen years  of  age. 

Gilmour,  l>ieut.-Col.  Arthur  II., 
Banker,  Stanbridge  East,  province  of  Que- 
bec, was  born  at  "The  Manor,"  Nicolet, 
Quebec.  His  grandfather  was  the  late  As- 
sistant Commissary-General  Gilmour;  and 
his  father  the  widely -known  Dr.  Gilmour, 
master  of  surgery,  F.  E.  H.  S.,  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  and  now  located  as  a  practising 
physician  and  surgeon  at  Waterloo,  Que- 
bec. His  mother  was  a  de  Cressy,  daughter 
of  the  late  Michael  de  Cressy,  seignior,  of 
Nicolet.  His  parentage,  therefore,  is  half 
Scotch  and  half  French.  Colonel  Gilmour, 
the  subject  of  the  present  sketch,  received 
his  education  principally  in  the  French 
College,  Nicolet,  and  is  equally  conversant 
with  the  French  and  English  languages.  In 
1864  he  entered  the  Military  School  in  Que- 
bec city,  where  he  took  a  full  course  of  in- 
struction, and  passed  a  highly  creditable 
examination,  receiving  a  first-class  diploma, 
and  was  immediately  gazetted  as  captain 
in  the  militia  service  of  Canada.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  received  his  commission  of 
lieutenant  in  the  52nd  (Brome  and  Shef- 
ford)  battalion,  in  which  he  served  about 
four  years,  during  which  time  he  was  called 
to  the  front  with  his  company  on  the  occa- 
sion of  a  threatened  invasion  by  Fenians. 
He  was  afterwards  transferred  to  the  60th 
(Missisquoi)  battalion,  with  the  rank  of 
senior  major,  and  was  shortly  afterwards 
elevated  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  a 


position  which  he  now  holds.  Colonel  Gil- 
mour also  holds  a  prominent  position  in 
the  Masonic  order,  having  entered  the  Sus- 
sex Encampment,  Dunham,  in  1874,  and 
was  installed  and  proclaimed  knight-pre- 
ceptor of  the  Order  of  the  Temple  in  1877, 
and  past  eminent  preceptor  in  1883.  He 
is  a  director  of  the  Montreal  and  Vermont 
Junction  Railway  Company,  and  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  board.  He  is  also  vice- 
president  of  the  M.  P.  and  B.  Railway,  and, 
besides,  holds  several  important  local  posi- 
tions, such  as  president  of  the  Stanbridge 
Agassiz  Association,  president  of  the  Miss- 
isquoi County  Ploughing  Association,  and 
vice-president  of  the  60th  battalion  Rifle 
Association.  In  June,  1885,  the  two  latter 
associations  united  in  a  grand  demonstra- 
tion in  his  honor,  to  show  their  appreciation 
of  the  valuable  services  he  had  rendered 
these  bodies  during  his  connection  with 
them.  The  event  was  one  long  to  be  re- 
membered by  the  hundreds  who  participat- 
ed in  it,  and  was  the  grandest  affair  of  the 
kind  ever  held  in  the  township.  Colonel 
Gilmour  is  now  the  owner  of  the  most  valu- 
able real  estate  properties  in  Missisquoi 
county,  having  in  his  possession  about  one 
thousand  acres  of  extra  tillable  land.  He 
is  also  the  proprietor  of  the  Missisquoi  He- 
cord  newspaper,  published  in  Stanbridge 
East,  a  journal  established  June  5th,  1885, 
and  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  Eastern 
Townships  of  Canada.  His  banking  insti- 
tution was  established  in  1867  by  J.  C. 
Baker,  his  late  father-in-law,  to  which  he 
succeeded  in  1880.  Since  Colonel  Gilmour 
assumed  control  of  its  affairs  the  business 
of  the  bank  has  nearly  doubled.  Although 
a  private  and  non-incorporated  institution, 
"  Gilmour' s  Bank  "  is  known  far  and  wide, 
and  its  numerous  customers  are  among  the 
best  and  most  prominent  people  and  firms 
in  the  province. 

I>e§chene§,  Oeo.  Hoiiorc,  St.  Epi- 
phane  (ou  Viger),  province  of  Quebec, 
M.P.P.  for  Temiscouata,  was  born  at  Ca- 
couna,  on  the  16th  August,  1841.  He  is  a 
farmer  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  pub- 
lic affairs.  He  has  been  for  thirteen  years 
secretary -treasurer  of  his  municipality  and 
of  the  school  board  of  the  parish.  He  is 
also  a  director  of  the  St.  Lawrence  &  Temis- 
couata Railway  Co.  He  has  always  taken 
a  part  in  the  management  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Society  of  Temiscouata  county,  and  is 
its  vice-pres'ident.  In  1875  he  was  returned 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


775 


to  represent  Temiscouata  in  the  Legislative 
Assembly,  and  was  re-elected  in  1882  by  ac- 
clamation. He  was  again  elected  at  the 
last  general  election.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Conservative,  and  in  his  county  is  held  in 
high  esteem.  On  26th  January,  1864,  he 
married  Susan  Michand. 

Duclie§nay,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Henri  Jule§  Juehereau,  was  born  in 
Quebec  on  the  6th  July,  1845,  and  in  his 
unexpected  and  untimely  death,  not  only 
those  who  knew  him  lost  a  true  friend,  but 
the  parliament  of  Canada  lost  a  member 
who,  had  he  lived,  would  doubtless  have 
taken  a  leading  part  in  the  councils  of  the 
nation.  He  was  a  descendant  of  some  of 
the  most  distinguished  French  families  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  the  Drichesnays 
having  settled  in  Canada  in  1645,  and  held 
several  seignories,  including  Beauport, 
Gaudarville  and  others.  His  father  was  a 
member  of  the  Dominion  senate,  and  the 
mother  of  the  present  sketch  was  of  the 
famous  Taschereau  family,  which  has  given 
to  Canada  its  first  cardinal  and  one  of  its 
greatest  politicians  and  most  able  judges. 
Young  Duchesnay  received  a  liberal  educa- 
tion, studying  both  at  Laval  and  McGill 
Universities,  after  having  passed  through  a 
sound  preliminary  training  in  the  Semi- 
nary of  Quebec.  After  reading  a  course 
in  law,  he  was,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years,  called  to  the  bar  of  the  province  of 
Quebec.  Being  in  a  position  to  do  so,  he 
gave  a  great  part  of  his  time  and  attention 
to  public  affairs  and  to  great  public  enter- 
prises. He  identified  himself  with  the  23rd 
(Beauce)  battalion  of  the  active  militia,  and 
became  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  regiment, 
a  position  which  he  was  eminently  fitted  to 
hold.  In  1869  he  married  Caroline  Tetu, 
daughter  of  C.  Tetu,  a  well-known  member 
of  the  old  family  of  that  name.  He  served 
several  terms  as  mayor  of  St.  Mary,  Beauce, 
and  also  as  warden  of  Beauce  county,  in 
which  positions  he  qualified  himself  to  en- 
gage in  the  higher  legislative  duties  which 
he  was  afterwards  elected  to  perform.  He 
was  for  a  time  president  of  the  Levis  and 
Kennebec  Railway  Company,  of  which  en- 
terprise he  was  one  of  the  most  active  pro- 
moters. In  the  general  election  of  1877  he 
was  nominated  as  the  nationalist  Conserva- 
tive candidate,  and  succeeded  in  defeating 
his  opponent  by  about  five  hundred  ma- 
jority. During  the  short  time  he  was  in 
parliament  he  made  many  friends,  and  his 


untimely  death,  a  short  time  after  the  ses- 
sion of  1878,  was  a  subject  of  general  regret 
among  his  fellow-members. 

Duclo§,  Sila§  T.,  of  the  firm  of  Duclos 
&  Pay  an,  St.  Hyacinthe,  is  the  third  living 
son  of  Antoine  Duclos,  J.  P.,  and  Julie 
Philibothe,  of  St.  Pie,  county  of  Bagot, 
province  of  Quebec,  and  was  born  the  23rd 
of  May,  1846.  He  went  through  the  ele- 
mentary schools  of  his  parish,  then  was  sent 
to  the  mission  school  of  Pointe  aux  Trem- 
bles, and  for  one  year  attended  the  com- 
missioners school,  in  Montreal,  with  a  view 
of  learning  English  and  qualifying  himself 
for  business,  for  which  he  showed  an  early 
disposition.  In  1864  he  became  a  clerk  with 
Mr.  Williamson,  dry  goods  merchant ;  later 
on  he  entered  the  establishment  of  Henry 
Morgan  &  Co.,  Montreal;  then  he  went  to 
H.  Vallee's  store  in  Ogdensburgh,  New 
York  state.  In  1868  he  returned  to  Mont- 
real, and  again  found  employment  with 
Henry  Morgan  &  Co.  Finding  that  little 
money  could  be  made  in  clerking,  and  hav- 
ing no  me*ans  to  start  business  as  a  dry- 
goods  merchant,  he  resolved  to  seek  some 
other  means  of  earning  a  livelihood.  Seve- 
ral of  his  friends  and  acquaintances  were 
doing  well  in  the  bark  business,  so  he  made 
a  temporary  arrangement  with  J.  Daig- 
neau,  then 'largely  engaged  in  this  line 
of  business.  When  the  engagement  expir- 
ed, he  visited  Europe,  and  on  his  return  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  Paul  F.  Payan. 
They  soon  got  tired  of  the  risky  bark  bus- 
iness, not  having  enough  capital  to  exert  an 
influence  on  the  market.  In  1873  they  de- 
cided to  go  into  the  tanning  business,  secur- 
ed a  lot,  and  put  up  a  building  75  feet  long. 
During  their  first  few  years  in  business 
they  suffered  heavy  losses  by  the  failure  of 
some  of  their  customers,  and  the  capital 
with  which  they  started  was  considerably 
reduced.  But  they  worked  steadily  on, 
nevertheless,  having  adopted  the  motto, 
"  Honesty  is  the  best  policy."  Mr.  Payan 
devoted  all  his  attention  to  the  shop,  and 
Mr.  Duclos  to  the  finances,  and  they  soon 
got  out  of  difficulty.  In  1876  their  "goods 
got  a  first  prize  at  the  Centennial  Exhi- 
bition in  Philadelphia.  In  October  of 
the  same  year,  Mr.  Duclos  was  married  to 
Elizabeth  Finley.  Better  days  began 
to  dawn  on  him  and  the  firm  he*  belonged 
to.  In  steering  safely  through  the  hard 
times,  without  wrecking,  while  so  many  ap- 
parently stronger  were  failing  on  all  sides, 


776 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


they  won  for  themselves  the  enviable  re- 
putation of  an  honest  and  well  managed 
firm.  In  1875  they  bought  a  rival  tannery 
of  V.  Cote,  and  in  1882  they  doubled  the  size 
and  tripled  the  capacity  of  their  own  tannery. 
With  the  property  came  the  influence  in 
local  affairs.  In  1880  Mr.  Duclos  was 
elected  councillor,  which  position  he  has 
held  ever  since  to  the  great  satisfaction  of 
the  electors.  During  his  effective  adminis- 
tration the  city  of  St.  Hyacinthe  underwent 
several  important  improvements;  a  public 
park  was  created,  a  fine  police  station  built, 
an  effective  fire  service  organized,  the  gran- 
ite mills,  and  a  large  boot  and  shoe  factory 
started,  and  a  gas  company  put  on  a  work- 
ing footing.  Thanks  to  his  influence,  a 
tannery  for  the  manfacture  of  morocco 
leather  was  started  in  St.  Hyacinthe,  and 
its  proprietors  are  now  doing  a  good  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Duclos  was  brought  up  a  Protest- 
ant, his  parents  having  seceded  from  the 
Church  of  Home  in  1840.  He  and  his 
family  belong  to  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Robertson,  Norman,  Treasurer  of 
the  County  of  Bruce,  Walkerton,  Ontario, 
was  born  on  the  27th  June,  1845,  in  Belle- 
ville, Ontario.  His  father,  Peter  Bobertson, 
merchant,  was  born  in  Scotland;  and  his 
mother,  Sarah  Boss,  was  born  in  England. 
His  grandfather  on  the  paternal  side  was 
David  Bobertson,  a  Presbyterian  minister  ; 
and  his  mother's  father  was  one  of  those 
who  entered  England  with  Prince  Charles 
Edward  Stuart  in  1746.  Norman  Bobert- 
son, the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  educated 
at  the  Belleville  Grammar  School,  where  at 
an  early  age  he  gave  evidence  of  the  talent 
and  ability  which  afterwards  distinguished 
him  in  commercial  pursuits.  He  left  school 
when  only  eleven  years  of  age  ;  and  from 
1856  to  1863  was  engaged  in  his  father's 
shop  at  Kincardine  ;  from  1863  to  1869  with 
Lewis,  Kay  &  Co.,  wholesale  dry  goods, 
Montreal  ;  from  1869  to  1874  with  John 
Birrell  &  Co.,  London,  Ontario,  as  English 
buyer  ;  from  1874  to  1877  English  buyer 
for  Bobertson,  Linton  &  Co.,  of  Montreal, 
and  from  1877  to  1887  he  carried  on  busi- 
ness on  his  own  account  in  Kincardine.  He 
became  a  member  of  the  Kincardine  com- 
pany of  volunteers  at  the  time  of  the  Trent 
affair;  and  in  1866  joined  the  Victoria  Bifles 
of  Montreal,  and  went  to  the  front  with  them 
that  year.  Mr.  Bobertson  commenced  his 
present  official  duties  on  May  6th,  1887, 
prior  to  which  he  resided  in  Kincardine, 


and  sat  for  three  years  at  the  School  Board. 
He  was  president  of  the  Board  of  Trade  there 
for  two  years,  one  year  town  councillor, 
and  was  also  superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day school  for  nine  years.  In  all  of  these 
capacities  he  acquitted  himself  with  perfect 
satisfaction  to  all  concerned.  In  politics  he 
was  a  Beformer  until  the  initiation  of  the 
national  policy,  in  1878,  but  since  then  he 
has  been  a  supporter  of  this  policy.  As 
buyer  for  the  two  wholesale  dry  goods 
houses  noted  above,  he  frequently  visited 
the  British  markets,  and  has,  during  his 
lifetime,  crossed  the  Atlantic  no  less  than 
twenty-four  times.  He  is  thoroughly  fa- 
miliar with  Canada  and  its  needs,  having 
during  his  commercial  career  visited  nearly 
every  town  in  it  from  Sarnia  to  Halifax. 
In  religion  he  is  a  Presbyterian.  Com- 
ments on  the  career  of  Mr.  Bobertson  are 
needless,  as  the  above  facts  speak  for  them- 
selves, and  he  ought  to  be  proud  of  being, 
in  the  true  sense  of  the  word,  "  the  archi- 
tect" of  his  own  fortunes.  He  was  married 
in  Montreal  on  August  3rd,  1871,  to  Lilla 
May  Warren,  daughter  of  S.  B.  Warren, 
organ  builder,  afterwards  of  Toronto,  and 
has  a  family  of  four  children,  two  girls  and 
two  boys. 

Oib§one,  William  Cuppagc,  Advo- 
cate, Quebec,  is  a  leading  member  of  the 
Quebec  bar,  in  large  practice.  He  was  born 
at  Quebec  on  the  12th  March,  1841,  and  is  a 
son  of  the  late  George  Farar  Gibsone,  mer- 
chant, of  that  city,  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth 
Cuppage.  On  the  father's  side  he  is  of 
Scotch,  and  on  the  mother's  Welsh  descent. 
He  was  educated  classically  at  the  Quebec 
High  School  under  the  late  Doctors  William 
Stewart  Smith  and  Wilkie,  and  studied 
law  in  the  office  of  Campbell  &  Kerr.  On 
his  admission  to  the  bar,  in  1862,  he  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  his  patron,  Mr. 
Archibald  Campbell,  now  one  of  the  pro- 
thonotaries  of  the  Superior  Court  at  Que- 
bec, and  rapidly  rose  to  distinction  in  his 
profession  as  much  by  his  industry  and 
application  as  by  his  talents  and  high 
character.  On  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Camp- 
bell, he  formed  a  new  partnership  with  the 
late  Mr.  Leveson  Lewell,  and  on  the  death 
of  the  latter,  with  his  present  associate, 
T.  C.  Aylwin,  a  nephew  of  the  late  Judge 
Aylwin,  and  one  of  the  city  councillors 
of  Quebec.  His  practice  is  now  one  of 
the  largest  in  the  Quebec  district,  and  he 
enjoys  in  a  high  degree  the  regard  of  his 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


Ill 


colleagues  of  the  bar,  and  the  esteem  and 
confidence  of  the  public.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  council  of  the  Quebec  bar 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  has  in  addition 
filled  the  offices  of  syndic  and  delegate  of 
the  same.  He  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Church  of  England;  and  in  politics,  an  In- 
dependent Liberal.  In  September,  1871, 
he  married  Elizabeth  Primrose,  and  has  had 
issue  eight  children,  all  of  whom  are  still 
young. 

Farrell,  Edward,  M.I).,  Halifax, 
Nova.  Scotia,  is  a  native  of  Halifax,  where  he 
was  born  about  forty-five  years  age.  He  is 
the  son  of  Dominick  Farrell,  of  Dartmouth, 
N.S.  His  boyhood  was  spent  in  Halifax, 
where  he  received  his  early  education  at  St. 
Mary's  College  of  that  city.  Having  re- 
solved to  devote  his  life  to  the  profession 
of  medicine,  he  entered  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons  in  New  York,  and 
achieved  great  distinction  in  his  studies.  He 
is  especially  remarkable  for  sureness  of 
touch,  great  strength  of  nerves,  and  cool 
self-reliance  and  good  judgment  in  critical 
cases.  He  graduated  as  M.D.  from  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New 
York  in  1864;  was  two  years  on  the  house 
staff  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  New  York,  and 
commenced  practice  in  Halifax  in  1866, 
where  he  rapidly  came  to  the  front  as  a 
leading  physician,  and  worked  up  for  himself 
an  extensive  and  lucrative  business.  His  office 
for  some  years  was  in  Argyle  street,  a  cen- 
tral part  of  the  city  ;  but  he  now  lives  in  a 
handsome  residence  in  South  Park  street. 
His  wife  was  Miss  Walsh,  daughter  of  the 
late  Thomas  Walsh,  of  Halifax,  and  they 
have  several  children.  In  religion  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  Po- 
litically he  is  a  staunch  Liberal,  and  is  a 
strong  believer  in  the  policy  of  home  rule 
for  Ireland  and  repeal  for  Nova  Scotia. 
When  the  provincial  government  was  re- 
constructed, and  the  Hon.  P.  C.  Hill  became 
provincial  secretary  and  premier,  Dr.  Far- 
rell was  induced  by  his  friends  to  come  for- 
ward as  a  candidate  at  the  election  of  1874, 
the  ticket  being  P.  C.  HiU,  Dr.  Farrell  and 
Donald  Archibald,  now  high  sheriff  of 
Halifax  county.  They  were  opposed  by 
the  Hon.  W.  J.  Almon,  now  Dominion  sen- 
ator; Kobert  Sedgewick,  afterwards  record- 
er of  Halifax,  and  now  deputy  minister  of 
justice  at  Ottawa  ;  and  Martin  J.  Griffin, 
then  of  Halifax,  now  librarian  of  parliament 
at  Ottawa  ;  but  Messrs.  Hill,  Farrell  and 


Archibald,  succeeded  in  winning  the  battle 
at  the  polls.  From  1877  to  1878  Dr.  Far- 
rel  was  a  member  of  the  Hill  administration 
without  office.  This  was  an  era  of  vigorous 
railway-building  in  Nova  Scotia,  the  govern- 
ment giving  liberal  help  to  the  Eastern  Ex- 
tension Railway  running  from  New  Glasgow, 
Pictou  county,  through  Antigonish  and 
Guysborough  counties  to  the  Strait  of 
Canso;  the  Western  Counties  Railway,  and 
the  Nictaux  and  Atlantic  Railway.  The  great 
seal  question,  involving  the  question  of  the 
validity  of  documents  which  had  been 
stamped  since  confederation  with  the  great 
seal  in  use  previous  to  confederation,  also 
challenged  much  attention  in  the  house  and 
the  law  courts  at  this  time.  Dr.  Farrell 
frequently  addressed  the  Assembly,  always 
forcibly,  and  was  listened  to  with  attention 
and  respect.  During  this  time  he  had 
several  passages  at  arms  with  Douglas  B. 
Woodworth,  member  for  King's  county, 
who  has  since  figured  in  the  House  of 
Commons  at  Ottawa.  At  the  close  of  the 
parliament  previous  to  the  general  election 
of  1878,  Dr.  Farrell,  although  strongly  urged 
to  again  accept  a  nomination,  declined  to 
do  so  on  the  ground  that  parliamentary 
work  interfered  too  seriously  with  his  medi- 
cal practice.  But  before  he  retired  to 
private  life,  he,  however,  addressed  to 
the  electorate  a  strong  letter  on  the  situa- 
tion, advising  them  to  support  the  Liberal 
ticket.  He  also  advocated  in  the  public 
press  the  doctrine  of  repeal  previous  to  the 
Dominion  general  election  of  February, 
1887. 

Henderson,  David,  Acton,  Ontario, 
M.P.  for  Halton,  was  bom  on  the  18th  Feb- 
ruary, 1841,  in  the  township  of  Nelson. 
His  father,  John  Henderson,  one  of  the 
pioneer  farmers  of  the  county,  came  from 
Roxburghshire,  Scotland,  in  1832,  and  set-, 
tied  in  the  township  of  Milton.  David  was 
educated  at  the  Milton  Grammar  School 
and  the  Normal  School,  Toronto.  Mr.  Hen- 
derson has  been  reeve  and  councillor  of  the 
village  of  Acton  for  about  fifteen  years. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  deputy 
registrar  of  the  county  of  Halton  in  1866, 
which  position  he  held  until  1873.  He  then 
commenced  business  by  opening  a  general 
store,  which  he  still  carries  on.  In  connec- 
tion with  this  he  has  a  private  bank,  which 
he  opened  in  the  autumn  of  1881.  This 
institution  was  one  that  the  citizens  of  Acton 
greatly  needed,  as  they  had  no  banking 


778 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


office  nearer  than  Guelph.  In  politics  Mr. 
Henderson  is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and 
was  elected  during  the  bye-election  in  1888 
to  represent  Halton  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. He  is  an  adherent  of  the  Presby- 
terian church.  He  married  on  Christmas 
Day,  1865,  Alison  Christie,  daughter  of 
Charles  Christie,  late  of  Nassagaweya,  and 
has  a  family  of  six  sons  and  one  daughter. 
Payzant,  John  Young,  M.A.  (Aca- 
dia  College),  Barrister,  Halifax,  N.S.,  is  a 
native  of  Falmouth,  Hants  county,  where  he 
was  born  on  the  9th  February,  1837.  He  is 
the  descendant  of  a  prominent  Huguenot, 
who  fled  from  Caen,  France,  on  the  revoca- 
tion of  the  edict  of  Nantes.  The  family 
came  to  Nova  Scotia,  under  Governor  Corn- 
wallis,  in  1754.  After  the  death  of  the  great 
grandfather  in  the  Indian  wars  of  that 
period,  his  widow  and  children  were  carried 
captives  to  Quebec,  and  were  present  at  the 
fall  of  that  fortress  after  the  heroic  attack 
of  Wolfe.  They  subsequently  returned  to 
Nova  Scotia,  two  of  the  sons,  Louis  and 
John,  becoming  eminent  preachers  in  said 
province.  He  received  his  early  educa- 
tion at  the  Academy  and  College  of  Acadia 
at  Wolfville,  N.S.,  his  family  being  Bap- 
tists. Having  finished  his  classical  course 
and  graduated  at  Acadia,  he  went  to  Hali- 
fax, N.S.,  and  studied  law  with  the  late 
Hon.  James  W.  Johnston,  afterwards  judge 
in  equity  of  the  Supreme  Court.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia 
7th  December,  1864,  and  at  once  began  to 
practise  in  Halifax,  where  his  excellent 
reputation  and  family  connections  enabled 
him  to  work  up  a  good  business.  He 
has  a  large  conveyancing  and  real  estate 
business.  He  has  been  for  many  years 
the  solicitor  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Build- 
ing Society,  which  carries  on  an  extensive 
business  in  Halifax.  He  is  also  an  executor 
of  the  will  of  the  late  John  Young,  a  lead- 
ing broker  and  commission  merchant,  whose 
only  daughter  is  the  widow  of  Sir  Albert  J. 
Smith,  ex-minister  of  marine,  and  who  left 
a  large  estate.  He  married  a  daughter  of 
William  C.  Silver,  of  Halifax,  the  well-known 
dry  goods  merchant,  and  has  several  chil- 
dren. His  two  eldest  sons  are  taking  the  arts 
course  at  King's  College,  Windsor.  Some 
years  ago  Mr.  Payzant  took  exception  to  cer- 
tain regulations  and  practices  of  the  Baptist 
church,  and  published  a  pamphlet  explana- 
tory of  his  reasons  for  severing  his  connec- 
tion with  it.  He  then  connected  himself 


with  the  Church  of  England  and  wor- 
ships in  St.  Paul's  Church,  in  Halifax.  He 
takes  a  strong  interest  in  all  matters  per- 
taining to  the  Anglican  church.  He  is  a 
frequent  lecturer  in  Halifax  and  other  places 
in  his  native  province.  Mr.  Payzant  began 
his  active  political  career  in  the  bye-elec- 
tion of  1884,  having  reluctantly  accepted 
the  nomination  of  the  Conservative  party, 
opposing  Hon.  W.  S.  Fielding,  provincial 
secretary  and  premier,  who  ran  for  Halifax 
county,  this  gentleman  having  undertaken 
to  form  a  government  when  Hon.  W.  T. 
Pipes,  of  Amherst,  the  former  premier,  re- 
tired from  the  position.  Hon.  Mr.  Fielding 
was  elected  by  a  majority  of  about  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty.  Mr.  Payzant,  however, 
stood  so  well  with  the  people  that  his 
party  determined  to  nominate  him,  together 
with  W.  D.  Harrington,  ex-M.P.P.,  and 
Alderman  James  N.  Lyons,  at  the  general 
election  of  May,  1886.  Mr.  Payzant  was 
absent  from  Halifax  city  at  the  time  of  this 
caucus,  and  again  reluctantly  took  the  field. 
The  question  of  repeal  was  the  main  issue 
before  the  country,  and  the  Conservatives 
were  unable  to  make  much  headway,  al- 
though they  conducted  their  campaign  with 
great  spirit  and  assiduity.  The  returns 
were  a  complete  victory  for  Hon.  Mr.  Field- 
ing's government.  In  Halifax  the  vote  stood, 
Fielding,  4042  ;  Koche,  3931  ;  Power,  3822; 
defeating  Harrington,  2981  ;  J.  N.  Lyons, 
2866  ;  Payzant,  2816.  The  result  was  simi- 
lar throughout  the  province.  Mr.  Payzant 
took  his  defeat  in  good  part,  and  was  some- 
what consoled  by  the  better  showing  of  his 
side  at  the  Dominion  election  of  1887.  In 
private  life  he  is  a  popular  man,  a  keen 
sportsman,  and  a  scholarly  writer.  Besides 
attending  to  his  large  and  lucrative  prac- 
tice, he  is  surrogate  and  judge  of  Probate 
at  Halifax.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  lec- 
turer on  "  Torts  "  in  the  Law  School,  Dal- 
housie  University,  a  position  which  he  still 
holds. 

Macph  ergon,  Alexander,  Hardware 
Merchant,  Montreal,  was  born  at  Lancaster, 
county  of  Glengarry,  Ontario,  10th  August, 
1830.  His  parents'were  Kenneth  Macpher- 
sori  and  Mary  Kose.  Mr.  Macpherson  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  schools  in  Lan- 
caster, and  in  May,  1850,  he  went  to  Mon- 
treal, and  found  employment  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  late  John  Henry  Evans, 
hardware  merchant,  where  he  remained  for 
about  five  years.  He  commenced  business 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


779 


in  May,  1855,  in  partnership  with  the  late 
Walter  Benny,  and  on  the  death  of  this 
gentleman,  Robert  Benny,  a  brother  of  the 
deceased,  joined  the  firm,  which  has  con- 
tinued to  do  business  up  to  this  time  under 
the  style  first  adopted,  namely,  Benny,  Mac- 
pherson  &  Co.,  and  is  now  one  of  the  lead- 
ing hard  ware  firms  in  Montreal.  In  politics 
Mr.  Macpherson  is  a  Conservative,  but  being 
of  a  retiring  disposition  he  has  never  taken 
any  prominent  part  in  local  contests.  In 
religion  he  is  a  Presbyterian,  and  takes  an 
active  interest  in  church  matters.  He  has 
been  an  elder  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Mon- 
treal, for  many  years,  and  on  several  occa- 
sions was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  the 
General  Assembly.  Mr.  Macpherson  has 
devoted  himself  strictly  to  business,  and  to 
being  upright  in  his  dealings,  may  be  at- 
tributed his  success  in  life.  He  has  been 
joint  executor  of  some  important  estates. 
He  is  married  to  Jessie,  daughter  of  Jacob 
Oldham  and  Jane  Cochrane. 

Cooke,  Right  Rev.  Thomas,  late 
Bishop  of  Three  Eivers,  Quebec,  was  born 
at  Pointe  du  Lac,  the  9th  February,  1792, 
and  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Cooke,  miller, 
formerly  of  Lisle,  Ireland,  and  Isabel  Gray, 
of  Pointe  du  Lac,  Canada.  He  was  ordain- 
ed and  entered  holy  orders  September  llth, 
1814,  was  vicar  and  secretary  to  Bishop 
Panet  at  Riviere  Ouelle,  and  afterwards,  in 
1817,  became  curate  of  Caraquette.  On  1st 
March,  1824,  he  became  curate  of  St.  Am- 
broise,  and  in  1835  was  appointed  to  the 
curacy  of  Three  Rivers,  with  the  title  of 
vicar-general.  On  8th  June,  1852,  his  Holi- 
ness Pope  Pius  IX.  appointed  him  first 
bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Three  Rivers,  and 
he  took  possession  of  his  bishopric  on  the 
18th  October  of»  the  same  year,  the  day  of 
bis  consecration.  He  was  a  prelate  of  com- 
mendable piety,  indefatigable  ze&l,  and  con- 
summate prudence.  In  1858  he  had  the 
good  fortune  to  make  the  imposing  and 
solemn  consecration  of  his  beautiful  cathe- 
dral, and  in  1860  he  founded  the  College 
of  Three  Rivers,  which  he  placed  under 
the  special  patronage  of  St.  Joseph,  to  whom 
he  paid  remarkable  devotion.  Bishop  Cooke 
died  on  the  30th  April,  1870,  aged  78  years. 
The  record  of  the  late  bishop  is  without 
blemish.  His  whole  life  was  devoted  to  the 
advancement  of  his  religion,  the  strength- 
ening of  his  church,  and  he  never  became 
wearied  in  doing  good  to  all,  both  rich  and 
poor.  His  virtues  and  talents  were  of  the 


first  order,  and  place   him  for  all  time  to 
come  in  an  enviable  light. 

Prefontaine,  Kay  mo  ml  Four- 
nier,  B.C.L.,  Barrister,  Montreal,  M.P.  for 
Chambly,  was  born  at  Longueuil,  province 
of  Quebec,  on  16th  September,  1850.  He  is  a 
descendant  of  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  hon- 
orable families  in  the  province,  his  ancestors 
having  settled  in  what  was  then  New  France, 
in  1680.  Having  the  advantage  of  a  good 
education,  and  with  natural  abilities  to  en- 
able him  to  make  good  use  of  the  know- 
ledge he  had  gained,  he  was  singled  out  by 
those  who  knew  him,  even  in  early  life,  as 
one  of  the  coming  men  of  Lower  Canada. 
He  graduated  from  the  Jesuits'  College,  in 
Montreal,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  in 
1873,  receiving  the  degree  of  B.C.L.  the 
same  year  from  McGill  College.  He  made 
a  brilliant  success  in  the  practice  of  law, 
and  is  now  partner  in  one  of  Montreal's 
best  known  legal  firms.  Like  so  many 
young  lawyers,  he  early  devoted  a  great 
deal  of  attention  to  politics,  and  became 
known  not  only  as  an  exceedingly  active 
worker  in  the  various  campaigns,  but  as  a 
speaker  of  unusual  power  in  influencing 
the  people.  In  the  Quebec  general  elec- 
tion of  1875  he  was  nominated  as  the 
Liberal  candidate  for  Chambly,  and  carried 
the  county  is  spite  of  the  fiercest  opposition. 
He  had  apparently  entered  upon  a  career  of 
great  credit  and  usefulness  in  the  local 
house,  when  he  was  relegated  to  private 
life,  being  defeated  in  the  general  election 
of  1878.  The  check  was  only  temporary, 
however,  for  the  successful  candidate  was 
unseated  and  Mr.  Prefontaine  was  re-elect- 
ed in  June,  1879.  But  he  was  again  un- 
successful in  1881  when  the  Conservative 
government  swept  everything  before  them. 
During  his  membership  in  the  house  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  Hochelaga,  and  was 
re-elected  in  successive  years,  until  1884. 
He  became  an  alderman  of  Montreal  a  year 
later,  his  legal  practice  being  in  that  city. 
The  eyes  of  the  Dominion  were  turned  to 
him  in  the  memorable  contest  in  Hochelaga 
in  1886,  during  the  Nationalist  agitation 
succeeding  the  execution  of  Louis  Riel, 
the  government  having  opened  this  coustit 
uency  apparently  to  test  its  strength.  The 
contest  was  one  of  the  most  fiercely  fought 
that  have  ever  been  known  in  Canada.  Mr. 
Prefontaine  succeeded  in  carrying  the 
county  against  all  opposition,  and  the  re- 
joicing of  the  Nationalists  on  the  occasion 


780 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


was  great.  At  the  general  election  in  1887, 
the  struggle  was  almost  again  as  great,  but 
he  succeeded  in  retaining  the  seat.  In  the 
house  he  shows  himself  full  of  vigor.  He 
speaks  in  trenchant  style,  and  his  manner  is 
affable  and  pleasant,  and  he  ranks  high 
among  the  popular  members  of  the  house. 
He  is  a  Liberal  and  a  Nationalist.  He  was 
married  on  the  20th  June,  1876,  to  Her- 
mine,  daughter  of  the  late  Senator  J.  B. 
Holland,  of  Montreal. 

Plclie,  Eugene  Urgel,  Barrister,  Ber- 
thierville,  Quebec  province,  was  born  13th 
July,  1824,  at  St.  Sulpice,  county  of  L'As- 
somption,  and  was  the  son  of  Bonaventure 
Piche,  an  old  and  highly  respected  mer- 
chant, and  Emilie  Lefebre.  He  received 
his  classical  education  at  the  College  of 
L'  Assomption,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Montreal,  13th  March,  1846.  He  was  chief 
magistrate,  and  then  member  for  the  county 
of  Berthier,  in  the  Provincial  Parliament  of 
Canada  for  four  years,  from  January,  1858. 
He  was  made  a  Queen's  counsel,  28th  June, 
1867,  with  precedence  immediately  after  the 
Hon.  G.  Ouimet,  ex-premier  of  Quebec. 
Deputy  of  the  attorney- general,  Sir  George 
Cartier,  and  the  Hon.  G.  Ouimet,  and  re- 
presentative of  the  crown  before  the  court 
of  Queen's  Bench  from  1864  to  1871,  in  five 
districts,  Montreal,  Joliette,  Beauharnois, 
Terrebonne  and  Arthabaska.  In  1869,  he 
was  appointed  a  school  trustee  by  the 
Council  of  Public  Instruction  of  the  province 
of  Quebec  ;  and  in  1871,  one  of  the  twelve 
commissioners  for  the  taking  of  the  census. 
In  March,  1873,  he  was  made  clerk- assistant 
of  the  House  of  Commons  ;  and  on  the  7th 
of  March,  1874,  appointed  a  special  com- 
missioner by  the  governor-general  to  swear 
in  the  members  of  parliament,  and  swore  in 
Xiouis  Kiel  as  a  member  for  Manitoba. 
Some  time  after,  on  receiving  a  pension, 
he  retired  from  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  returned  to  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Montreal,  and  afterwards  in  the 
district  of  Richelieu,  where  he  resided  the 
first  fourteen  years  of  his  career,  and 
where  he  is  still  practising.  In  September, 
1872,  he  was  admitted  a  member  of  the  bar 
of  Manitoba.  October,  1886,  he  was  a  can- 
didate as  "National  Independent  Conser- 
vative" against  Kobillard,  Conservative,  and 
Sylvester,  Liberal,  at  the  provincial  election 
for  Quebec,  the  Liberal  carrying  the  elec- 
tion. Space  will  not  permit  us  to  enum- 
erate the  many  important  cases  Mr. 


Piche  has  conducted  successfully  :  the  most 
celebrated,  however,  being  that  of  the 
ladies  Dambourge's,  daughters  of  the  brave 
and  gallant  Col.  Dambourge's,  who  gallantly 
defended  Quebec  against  the  invasion  of  the 
Bastonnais  in  1775.  The  legal  contention 
was  with  one  of  the  most  opulent  families 
of  the  country,  having  at  its  head  the 
eminent  Chief  Justice  Sir  L.  H.  Lafontaine. 
The  contest  lasted  for  twelve  years,  several 
lesser  cases  growing  out  of  the  original,  and 
occupied  the  attention  of  the  whole  juris- 
diction of  the  province,  especially  of  Mon- 
treal and  Quebec.  Mr.  Pich^  defended  the 
case  alone  against  twelve  able  lawyers  em- 
ployed by  his  adversaries,  and  vanquished 
them  successively,  until  finally  they  ap- 
pealed to  the  Privy  Council  of  England  ; 
but  were  again  defeated  by  the  subject  of 
our  sketch,  who  wrote  a  clever  letter  to  the 
clerk  of  the  Privy  Council,  which  proved 
so  convincing,  that  without  any  unnecessary 
delay,  the  case  was  decided  in  favor  of  his 
clients.  The  justly  deserved  praise  and  ad- 
miration of  the  public  was  lavishly  be- 
stowed upon  Mr.  Piche',  as  well  as  the  private 
recognition  of  the  highest  legal  authorities 
of  the  Dominion,  among  the  latter  being 
the  then  minister  of  justice,  Sir  John  A. 
Macdonald.  As  a  member  of  parliament, 
our  subject  has  been  equally  distinguished, 
and  in  1858,  at  Toronto,  having  defeated  the 
Macdonald  government  on  the  amendment 
against  Ottawa  becoming  the  capital  of 
Canada.  The  encomiums  of  the  press  have 
fully  testified  and  endorsed  Mr.  Piche's  re- 
markable ability  and  talent,  as  well  as  sound 
practical  judgment,  in  whatever  public 
position  he  has  occupied.  He  was  married 
October  18th,  1846,  to  Marie  Nina  Marion, 
daughter  of  Captain  Louis  G.  Marion. 
There  is  scarcely  any  position,  political  or 
legal,  that  Mr.  Piche's  remarkable  talents 
do  not  fit  him  for. 

Guevrement  Hon.  .1  can  Bapti§te, 
Sorel,  Senator  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
was  born  at  La  Visitation,  Isle  du  Pads,  P.Q., 
on  the  4th  September,  1826.  He  is  a  farmer, 
and  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
politics  of  the  country.  In  1854  he  was 
elected  to  represent  Richelieu  in  the  Cana- 
dian Assembly,  which  he  did  till  1857, 
when  he  was  defeated  at  the  general 
election  that  year.  In  1858  he  was  chosen 
to  represent  Sorel  in  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil of  Canada,  which  position  he  filled 
till  confederation.  In  1867  he  was  a  candi- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


781 


date  for  Richelieu  in  the  Quebec  Legislature, 
but  was  defeated.  In  the  same  year  he  was 
called  to  the  Senate  of  Canada  by  royal 
proclamation.  The  Hon.  Mr.  Guevrement 
is  a  Conservative  in  politics.  On  May  2nd, 
1848,  he  married  Marie  Anne  Parelhus. 

Allan,  Hon.  George  William, 
D.C.L.,  Toronto,  Speaker  of  the  Senate  of 
Canada,  Chancellor  of  the  University  of 
Trinity  College,  Toronto,  was  born  at  Little 
York,  now  Toronto,  on  the  9th  of  January, 
1822.  His  father,  the  late  Hon.  William 
Allan,  was  a  pioneer  settler  who  took  up  his 
abode  in  York,  during  Governor  Simcoe's 
term  of  office,  and  resided  in  Toronto  till 
his  death  in  1853.  This  gentleman,  in  his 
day,  held  a  very  prominent  place  in  public 
esteem,  and  being  possessed  of  more  than 
ordinary  ability  and  a  good  education,  he 
enjoyed  advantages  not  so  common  in  those 
early  days  as  now.  He  was  the  first  post- 
master for  York,  and  the  first  custom  col- 
lector for  the  port.  During  the  war  of 
1812-15  he  served  in  the  militia  as  lieuten- 
ant-colonel, and  his  son  has  still  in  his 
possession  the  nags  of  his  old  regiment. 
He  figured  prominently,  too,  in  commercial 
life,  and  was  the  first  president  of  the  Bank 
of  Upper  Canada.  He  also  held  a  seat  in 
the  Legislative  Council  of  old  Canada  for 
several  years,  and  a  seat  in  the  Executive 
during  the  administrations  of  Sir  Francis 
Bond  Head  and  Sir  George  Arthur.  Our 
subject's  mother  was  Leah  Tyreer,  whose 
father  was  Dr.  John  Gamble,  who  belonged 
to  a  U.  E.  Loyalist  family,  and  was  a  sur- 
gen  in  the  Queen's  rangers.  His  corps  was 
raised  in  Upper  Canada  after  the  arrival  of 
Lieutenant-Governor  Simcoe.  George  Wil- 
liam was  educated  by  private  tuition  during 
his  earlier  years,  and  was  afterwards  sent 
by  his  father  to  Upper  Canada  College. 
When  the  rebellion,  headed  by  William 
Lyon  Mackenzie,  broke  out  in  1837,  young 
Allan,  then  in  his  sixteenth  year,  left  U.  C. 
College,  and  entered  as  a  private  "  the 
Bank  Rifle  Corps,"  of  which  the  present 
Chief  Justice  Hagarty,  Judge  Gait,  and 
some  others  still  living  were  also  members. 
He  returned  to  the  college  at  the  end  of  the 
following  year,  and  remained  there  until  he 
went  up  for  his  examination  as  a  law  stu- 
dent which  he  passed  in  the  "  senior  class," 
in  Easter  term,  1839.  He  was  articled  to 
and  began  his  studies  in  the  office  of  Gam- 
ble &  Boulton,  and  was  subsequently  called 
to  the  bar  of  Upper  Canada,  in  Hilary 


term,  1846.  Before  entering  upon  the  active 
practice  of  the  law,  young  Allan  was  sent 
by  his  father  to  travel  abroad,  and  in  addi- 
tion to  a  very  extended  tour  throughout 
Europe,  he  visited  many  countries  which, 
in  those  days,  were  not  quite  as  accessible 
as  they  are  now.  He  went  up  the  Nile  to 
the  borders  of  Nubia,  and  afterwards  travel- 
led through  Syria  and  the  Holy  Land,  Asia 
Minor,  Turkey  and  Greece,  meeting  with 
not  a  few  exciting  adventures,  arising  more 
particularly  from  the  lawless  and  unsettled 
condition,  at  that  time,  of  many  parts  of 
Syria  and  Asia  Minor.  He  was  elected, 
not  long  afterwards,  a  fellow  of  the  Royal 
Geographical  Society  of  England.  Mr. 
Allan  early  took  a  part  in  municipal  affairs, 
his  name  appearing  as  one  of  the  aldermen 
for  St.  David's  Ward  in  1849.  In  1865  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  the  city  and  served 
in  that  capacity  throughout  the  year.  In 
May,  1856,  before  again  leaving  Canada 
for  *a  lengthened  tour  abroad,  he  was  pre- 
sented by  his  fellow-citizens  with  a  very 
complimentary  address.  It  was  done  up  in 
neat  book  form,  and  is  now  a  most  interest- 
ing document,  as  it  contains  the  signatures 
of  men  of  all  ranks,  parties  and  creeds,  a 
large  proportion  of  whom  have  now  passed 
away.  Mr.  Allan,  in  the  autumn  of  1858, 
in  response  to  a  requisition  from  the  elec- 
tors of  the  York  division,  for  which  he  was 
returned  by  a  very  large  majority,  took 
his  seat  for  that  division  in  the  Legislative 
Council  of  old  Canada,  which  he  retained 
until  confederation.  Mr.  Allan  took  a  pro- 
minent part  in  the  business  of  the  Legis- 
lative Council,  and  filled  the  office  of  chair- 
man of  the  Private  Bills  Committee  in  that 
body  for  many  years.  In  May,  1867,  he 
was*  called  to  the  Senate  by  Royal  procla- 
mation, and  has  ever  since  taken  an  active 
share  in  its  deliberations,  as  well  as  in  the 
business  of  the  Committee  of  the  House, 
having  been  chairman,  first  of  the  Private 
Bills  Committee,  and  subsequently  of  the 
Standing  Committee  on  Banking  and  Com- 
merce, which  hs  has  now  filled  for  many 
years.  In  politics  he  is  a  Conservative.  Mr. 
Allan  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in 
the  promotion  of  literature  and  science  in 
his  native  country.  He  was  one  of  the  ori- 
ginal members  of  the  Royal  Canadian  In- 
stitute, and  has  filled  the  chair  as  president, 
besides  being  a  contributor  to  the  Journal 
of  the  Institute.  He  has  always  been  a 
warm  friend  to  the  cause  of  higher  educa 


782 


A  CYCLPOJEDIA  OF 


tion,  and  has  been  closely  connected  with 
Trinity  College  University  (of  which  he  is 
now  the  Chancellor,  and  from  which  he  re- 
ceived his  degree  of  D.C.L.),  ever  since  the 
founding  of  that  Institution  in  1852.  In 
all  matters  connected  with  Canadian  art 
Mr.  Allan  has  ever  evinced  a  lively  in- 
terest. He  is  the  president  of  the  Ontario 
Society  of  Artists,  and  chairman  of  the  Art 
Union  of  Canada,  and  is  the  possessor  of  a 
large  and  valuable  collection  of  paintings 
by  a  Canadian  artist,  the  late  Paul  Kane, 
illustrating  Indian  life  and  customs,  and  the 
scenery  of  the  great  North- West.  Attached 
to  horticultural  pursuits  himself,  Mr.  Allan 
has  labored  as  president  of  the  Horticultu- 
ral Society  of  Toronto,  for  more  than  twenty- 
five  years,  to  foster  a  taste  for  the  study 
and  cultivation  of  flowers  and  fruits  among 
his  fellow-citizens,  and  it  was  with  that  ob- 
ject that  he  presented  to  the  Society,  in 
1857,  the  five  acres  of  land  which,  with  the 
subsequent  addition  made  fifteen,  now  form- 
ing the  Society's  Gardens.  As  we  have 
already  mentioned,  Mr.  Allan  performed 
his  first  military  duty  at  a  very  early  age. 
He  has  always  taken  a  warm  interest  in  all 
matters  connected  with  the  Volunteers  and 
Militia,  and  is  himself  Lieut. -Colonel  of  the 
Regimental  Division  of  East  Toronto,  and 
an  honorary  member  of  the  Queen's  Own 
Rifles.  A  member  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, Mr.  Allan  has  for  many  years  borne 
an  active  part  in  the  Synod  and  other  as- 
semblies of  his  church.  He  has  also  filled 
the  chair  as  president  of  the  Upper  Canada 
Bible  Society  for  more  than  twenty  years. 
In  business  affairs  Mr.  Allan  fills  more  than 
one  post  of  considerable  responsibility  and 
importance.  He  has  been  for  many  years 
chief  commissioner  of  the  Canada  Company 
as  well  as  president  of  one  of  our  largest 
and  most  successful  loan  companies,  the 
Western  Canada  Loan  and  Savings  Com- 
pany. In  1888,  on  the  death  of  the  Hon. 
Josiah  B.  Plumb,  Speaker  of  the  Senate, 
the  Hon.  Mr.  Allan  was  elected  to  the  office. 
While  in  his  twenty -fourth  year  he  married 
Louisa  Maud,  third  daughter  of  the  late 
Honourable  Sir  John  Robinson,  Bart.,  C.B., 
chief  Justice  of  Upper  Canada,  and  she 
died  while  sojourning  at  Rome,  in  1852. 
He  married  again,  in  1857,  Adelaide  Har- 
riet, third  daughter  of  the  Rev.  T.  Schreiber, 
formerly  of  Bradwell  Lodge,  Essex,  Eng- 
land, and  has  a  family  of  six  children,  three 
sons  and  three  daughters. 


Fulvoye,  Isaac  Booth,  Railway 
Superintendent  Northern  Division  Central 
Vermont,  and  Waterloo  and  Magog  Railway, 
St.  John's,  Quebec  province,  was  born  in 
London,  England,  on  the  28th  November, 
1832.  His  father  was  Lieutenant- Colonel 
George  Futvoye,  who  was  for  many  years 
deputy  minister  of  militia,  and  a  resident  of 
Ottawa.  The  subject  of  our  sketch,  Isaac 
Booth  Futvoye,  received  his  education  at 
the  High  School  of  Quebec,  and  entered  the 
railway  service  1st  May,  1857.  From  that 
time  until  1st  May,  1859,  he  served  in  the 
capacity  of  roadman  (Engineer  corps),  on 
the  Stanstead,  Sheff ord  and  Chambly  Rail- 
way, when  he  was  appointed  station  agent 
at  St.  John's,  P.Q.  From  February,  1865, 
to  May,  1876,  in  conjunction  with  this  office, 
he  also  acted  as  agent  for  the  Montreal 
and  Vermont  Junction  Railway,  at  the 
same  place.  From  24th  May,  1876,  to  the 
present,  he  has  acted  as  superintendent  of 
the  Stanstead,  Shefford  and  Chambly  and 
the  Montreal  and  Vermont  Junction  Rail- 
ways. These  two  railroads  are  now  operated 
as  the  northern  division  of  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad.  On  the  1st  January, 
1878,  he  also  became  superintendent  of 
the  Waterloo  and  Magog  Railroad.  Mr. 
Futvoye  is  considered  one  of  our  best  au- 
thorities in  his  particular  sphere,  and  is  re- 
spected and  esteemed  by  all  for  his  sound, 
practical  judgment  in  matters  pertaining 
to  railways.  In  religion,  he  is  a  Protestant, 
belonging  to  the  Episcopal  church.  He 
married,  October  20th,  1860,  Mary  Anne 
Doyou,  of  Granby,  P.Q. 

Leblanc,  Pierre  Evari§te,  Montreal, 
M.P.P.  for  Laval,  was  born  at  St.  Mar- 
tin's, in  the  county  of  Laval,  10th  August, 
1853.  His  ancestors  came  to  L'Isle  Jesus 
from  Acadia  in  1757,  after  the  conquest  and 
dispersion  of  its  inhabitants  by  the  British 
army.  His  father  was  Joseph  Leblanc,  and 
his  mother  Adele  Belanger.  The  subject 
of  our  sketch  commenced  his  education  at 
the  Academy  of  St.  Martha's,  leaving  it  to 
enter  the  Jacques  Cartier  Normal  School, 
from  which  he  went  to  McGill  University. 
He  entered  into  the  study  of  law,  decid- 
ing to  make  it  his  profession,  and  was 
called  to  the  bar  of  the  province  of  Quebec 
llth  July,  1879.  Mr.  Leblanc  has  always 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  politics  of  his 
country  ;  and  in  1882,  when  the  Hon.  L.  O. 
Loranger  was  elevated  to  the  bench,  he  was 
elected  in  his  place  to  represent  the  county 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


783 


of  Laval  in  the  Quebec  legislature.  The  elec- 
tion being  protested,  he  was  unseated  on 
petition,  but  was  re-elected,  and  was  again 
elected  at  the  last  general  election.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Conservative,  and  is  held  in 
nigh  esteem  by  his  many  friends.  On  the 
12th  January,  1886,  he  married  Hermine, 
daughter  of  the  late  Theodore  Beaudry,  of 
Montreal,  and  Catharine  Vallee. 

Davi§,  Donald  Watson,  Merchant, 
Macleod,  district  of  Alberta,  M.P.  for  Al- 
berta, North-West  Territory,  was  born  in 
the  town  of  Londonderry,  state  of  Ver- 
mont, United  States,  in  1849.  His  father 
and  mother  were  both  natives  of  the  state, 
but  of  English  and  Scotch  descent.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  in  his  native  town.  He 
came  to  Canada,  and  settled  in  Macleod 
about  1870,  where  he  conducts  business  as  a 
merchant  and  general  stock  dealer.  He 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  Commons  as 
representative  for  Alberta  at  the  last  gener- 
al election,  and  is  a  supporter  of  the  Conser- 
vative party.  In  1887  he  was  married  to 
Lillie,  daughter,  of  James  Grier,  J.  P. 

allot  I  on,  Robert,  Q.C.,  Barrister,  Sti- 
pendiary Magistrate  and  Judge  of  Civil 
Court  of  the  city  of  Halifax,  N.S.,  is  of 
English  extraction,  and  is  a  son  of  the 
late  Robert  Motton,  also  of  Halifax,  who 
did  business  there  for  many  years.  Mr. 
Motton  was  born  in  Halifax  about  the  year 
1831,  and  received  his  early  education  at 
the  Grammar  School  in  that  city.  Hav- 
ing mastered  the  classics,  he  decided  to 
adopt  the  profession  of  the  law,  for  which 
the  keenness  of  his  mind,  his  witty  and 
eloquent  tongue,  and  his  knowledge  of 
human  nature  eminently  fitted  him.  He 
studied  in  the  office  of  Peter  Lynch,  Q.C., 
and  after  pursuing  his  studies  with  dili- 
gence was  called  to  the  bar  of  Nova 
Scotia,  on  7th  December,  1856.  He  began 
to  practise  in  Halifax,  and  speedily  built  up 
a  large  business,  especially  in  criminal  cases. 
He  had  great  weight  with  juries,  being  a 
polished  and  eloquent  pleader.  As  a  cross- 
examiner  he  excelled.  For  years  he  was 
retained  in  the  most  important  civil  and 
criminal  cases,  and  it  was  admitted  that 
his  presence  in  any  of  the  courts  of  the  pro- 
vince was  an  intimation  that  some  important 
case  was  going  on,  and  he  was  looked  upon 
as  a  natural  adjunct  to  either  one  or 
the  other  side.  In  politics  he  was  for 
many  years  connected  with  the  Conser- 
vative party,  and  rendered  them  yeoman 


service  in  many  hard-fought  battles.  On 
jhe  stump  he  was  simply  immense,  his  gene- 
ral humor,  power  of  word-painting,  and 
acquaintance  with  the  ins  and  outs  of  the 
situation  making  him  a  complete  master  of 
bis  audience.  In  1874  he  opposed  Captain 
John  Taylor,  who  offered  as  candidate  of 
the  Liberal  party,  the  Conservatives  agree- 
ing not  to  oppose,  for  one  of  the  seats  for 
Halifax  rendered  vacant  by  the  death  of 
that  brilliant  orator  and  lawyer,  Hon. 
William  Garvie.  Mr.  Motton  represented 
the  Young  Halifax  party,  and  being  oppos- 
ed by  the  whole  weight  of  the  Liberal  local 
government  and  the  Conservative  vote,  was 
defeated,  but  made,  nevertheless,  a  gallant 
fight.  He  afterwards  claimed  the  seat  on 
the  ground  of  his  opponent's  disqualifica- 
tion, which  he  established  before  a  commit- 
tee of  the  House  of  Assembly  composed  of 
a  majority  of  Liberals,  but  who  refused  him 
the  seat  because  they  were  determined 
he  should  not  enter  the  house  to  oppose 
the  government.  Mr.  Motton  may  have 
thought  that  he  did  not  receive  that  mea- 
sure of  support  from  his  own  party  to 
which  his  services  entitled  him  ;  but  how- 
ever, after  this  his  affection  for  the  Conser- 
vatives cooled,  and  he  gradually  became  at- 
tached to  the  Liberal  party,  among  whom 
he  was  warmly  welcomed,  they  having  a 
proper  appreciation  of  his  abilities.  He  was 
frequently  employed  in  crown  cases  by  the 
local  government.  He  was  always  ready 
to  help  any  good  cause  with  the  might  of 
his  tongue,  and  especially  as  an  advocate 
of  temperance.  He  distinguished  himself 
when  the  late  D.  Banks  McKenzie  started 
the  blue  ribbon  movement  and  the  reform 
club  in  Halifax,  in  the  summer  of  1877, 
Mr.  Motton  came  to  his  assistance,  and  at 
the  mass  meeting  held  in  the  rink  ad- 
dressed by  such  orators  as  Hon.  P.  C.  Hill, 
provincial  secretary  and  premier,  Rev.  Dr. 
George  W.  Hill,  of  St.  Paul's  and  others 
Mr.  Motton  made  one  of  the  happy  efforts 
of  the  evening.  He  is  a  very  popular 
lecturer  on  Reminiscences  of  the  Bar,  and 
other  popular  subjects,  always  drawing 
crowded  houses  attracted  by  his  versatility, 
"solid  diction,  relieved  by  fresh  and  racy 
incidents,  creating  roars  of  merriment 
and  applause.  In  the  Dominion  cam- 
paign of  February,  1878,  when  Hon.  A. 
G.  Jones  defeated  M.  H.  Richey  in  the 
Halifax  bye-election,  Mr.  Motton  was  one 
of  the  ablest  canvassers  and  hardest  work- 


784 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


ers  on  the  Liberal  side.  His  name  at  this 
time  was  freely  spoken  of  as  a  Liberal  can- 
didate for  the  local  house.  He  resided  at 
this  time  in  Dartmouth,  of  which  munici- 
pality he  was  stipendiary  magistrate  and 
recorder.  He  subsequently  in  1879  re- 
signed the  position,  as  his  increasing  prac- 
tice in  Halifax  rendered  the  step  advisable. 
The  acceptance  of  his  resignation  was  fol- 
lowed by  a  most  nattering  and  compliment- 
ary resolution,  regretting  his  withdrawal. 
Upon  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Henry  Pry  or, 
as  stipendiary  magistrate  of  Halifax  city,  a 
post  which  he  had  filled  for  many  years, 
Mr.  Motton  was  tendered  by  the  pro- 
vincial government  and  accepted  the  po- 
sition, all  parties  agreeing  the  place  could 
find  no  worthier  incumbent.  His  appoint- 
ment as  stipendiary  and  judge  of  City 
Civil  Court  is  the  only  one  made  by  the 
government  in  Nova  Scotia.  It  is  for  life, 
and  removable  in  the  same  way  as  other 
judges.  The  secular  and  religious  press, 
without  any  exception,  endorsed  the  selec- 
tion. On  the  occasion  of  his  first  presiding 
in  the  City  Civil  Court,  the  members  of  the 
bar  present  conveyed  to  him  the  grat- 
ification with  which  his  legal  brethren 
viewed  his  elevation,  and  tendering  him 
their  most  hearty  congratulations  and  best 
wishes.  He  has  administered  the  laws  of  the 
city  with  good  judgment,  forbearance,  and 
impartiality,  and  at  the  same  time  has  made 
himself  a  terror  to  evil  doers.  He  has  exerted 
a  powerful  influence  towards  suppressing 
vice  in  its  many  forms.  In  religion  he  and 
his  family,  consisting  of  his  wife  and  two 
sons,  are  Methodists.  He  was  appointed 
Queen's  counsel  by  the  local  government 
in  1876.  He  was  for  some  time  a  valued 
and  progressive  member  of  the  city  council, 
a  commissioner  of  the  supreme  court,  a 
member  of  the  quarter  sessions,  and  has 
been  prominently  identified  with  every 
movement  of  political  and  social  reform 
calculated  to  benefit  humanity. 

Mara,  John  Andrew,  Merchant,  Kam- 
loops,  British  Columbia,  M.  P.  for  Yale,  was 
born  at  Toronto,  and  is  the  eldest  son  of 
the  late  John  Mara  of  that  city.  He  was 
educated  at  Toronto,  and  settled  in  British 
Columbia  in  1862,  where  he  has  followed 
the  business  of  a  merchant.  He  has  always 
taken  an  active  part  in  politics,  and  sat  in 
the  Legislative  Assembly  for  Kootenay, 
from  the  general  election  in  1871,  till  1875, 
when  he  was  returned  to  represent  Yale.  He 


was  re-elected  in  1878,  and  sat  until  the  gen- 
eral election,  of  1886,  when  he  did  not  again 
offer  himself  as  a  candidate.  He  was  speaker 
of  the  Legislative  Assembly  from  25th  Janu- 
ary, 1883,  until  the  dissolution  of  the  house 
in  1886.  In  1887  he  was  elected  by  accla- 
mation to  represent  Yale  in  the  House"  of 
Commons,  at  Ottawa.  Mr.  Mara,  in  poli- 
tics, is  a  Conservative.  He  is  married  to 
Alice  Telfer,  the  only  daughter  of  F.  J, 
Barnard,  ex-M.  P. 

Strange,  Thomas  Bland,  Kingston. 
Major-General,  retired,  Royal  Artillery,  has 
been  so  conspicuous  a  figure  on  the  Cana- 
dian scene  and  filled  so  large  and  honorable 
a  place  in  Canadian  history  for  the  last 
seventeen  or  eighteen  years  that  a  work  of 
this  kind  would  be  incomplete  without  a 
memoir  of  his  gallant  and  distinguished 
career  in  both  hemispheres.  Major-General 
Strange  comes  of  a  race  that  has  done  good 
service  to  the  Empire.  Said  the  Weekly 
Globe  (Toronto),  of  24th  April,  1885  :— "In 
'  The  Scot  in  British  America'  is  an  allusion 
to  Robert  Strange,  afterwards  Sir  Robert, 
the  father  of  English  engraving,  an  art  which 
he  developed  while  in  exile  in  Italy  follow- 
ing the  broken  fortunes  of  the  house  of 
Stuart.*  Having  previously  fought  at  the 
battle  of  Culloden,  in  the  body-guard  of  the 
prince,  he  was  attainted  and  sought  refuge 
in  the  house  of  Miss  Lumsden,  his  affianced 
bride.  While  with  her,  the  *  Seider  Roy* 
(red  soldiers)  appeared  in  the  court  yard, 
and  the  officer  entered  to  seize  the  body  of 
the  '  traitor  Strange,'  as  he  was  termed  by 
proclamation.  His  fair  fiancee,  with  woman- 
ly simplicity,  lifted  the  enormous  hoops 
which  extended  the  dresses  of  the  period, 
and  placed  her  lover  in  safety  beneath  them, 
while  she  resumed  her  former  occupation  of 
playing  loyal  airs  on  the  spinette.  The 
direct  descendants  of  Sir  Robert  Strange 
and  Miss  Lumsden  have  been  gallant  and 
distinguished  sailors,  soldiers,  men  of  sci- 
ence and  law,  including  Colonel  Strange, 
Madras  Cavalry,  subsequently  employed  on 
the  survey  in  India  and  inspector  of  scien- 
tific instruments  ;  Admiral  Strange,  whose 
son,  Lieutenant  Vernon  Strange,  went  down 
in  the  ill-fated  Eurydice;  Major  Charles 
John  Strange,  R.  A.,  distinguished  in  the 
Crimea,  all  sons  and  grandsons  of  Sir 
Thomas  Strange  (son  of  Sir  Robert),  judge 


*Another  member  of  the  family,  Strange  of 
Burn  House,  raised  a  company  of  militia  for  the 
Sanoverian  cause. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


785 


in  the  Hon.  East  India  Company's  service. 
This  branch  of  the  family  remained  in  the 
mother  country  ;  but  two  collateral  branches 
settled  in  Canada.  Of  one  of  these,  the  late 
Colonel  M.  W.  Strange,  who  served  in  the 
Kingston  Volunteer  Rifles  during  the  re- 
bellion of  1837-38,  and  who  was  representa- 
tive of  that  city  in  the  Ontario  parliament, 
police  magistrate  and  district  paymaster,  as 
well  as  a  brother-in-law  of  Sir  A.  Campbell, 
the  present  lieutenant-governor  of  Ontario, 
and  Dr.  O.  S.  Strange,  ex-mayor,  and  now 
penitentiary  surgeon,  were  the  descendants. 
The  last  branch  to  settle  in  Canada  has  done 
so  in  the  person,  of  Major-General  Strange. 
#  #  *  *  *  ge  represents  an  old  mili- 
tary family  of  Scotch  origin,  and,  in  the 
maternal  line  descent  can  be  traced  from 
Charles  Martel  and  Charlemagne  through  a 
long  line  of  warriors.  *  *  *  *  Major- 
General  Strange  has  in  his  possession  an 
old  Bible  (1679)  which  contains  the  re- 
cords of  the  birth  of  Sir  B.  Strange  and  of 
his  father  and  others  in  the  islands  of  Ork  - 
ney.  To  this  sketch,  the  following  details 
of  interest  may  be  added  respecting  our 
subject  and  his  family.  Major- General 
Strange  was  born  on  the  15th  September, 
1831,  in  the  cantonments  of  the  26th  Cam- 
eronian  regiment  at  Merut,  East  Indies. 
His  father,  the  late  Colonel  Harry  Francis 
Strange,  served  in  the  Cameronian  regiment 
during  the  India  and  China  wars,  and  sub- 
sequently commanded  the  25th  King's  Own 
Borderers.  His  mother,  Maria  Letitia 
Bland,  was  a  daughter  of  Major  Bland,  of 
Lake  View,  Killarney,  county  Kerry,  Ire- 
land, and  connected  with  the  Herberts  and 
other  well  known  county  Kerry  families. 
His  paternal  grandfather,  Captain  Alexan- 
der Strange,  served  in  the  13th  Light 
Dragoons  in  India  and  at  Waterloo,  and  his 
father's  brother,  Captain  Alexander  Strange, 
42nd  Highlanders,  carried  the  colors  of  the 
"  Black  Watch"  through  the  battles  of  the 
Pyrenees,  and  died  of  wound  ,  -eived  at 
Toulouse  ;  and  Captain  Thomas  Strange 
served  and  died  in  the  Royal  Navy,  leaving 
three  sons,  Captain  Thomas  Strange,  who 
was  killed  in  the  Maori  war  in  New  Zealand, 
Colonel  H.  F.  Strange,  C.B.,  Knight  of  the 
French  Legion  of  Honor,  who  served  with 
distinction  in  the  Crimea  ;  and  Captain 
Alexander  Strange,  of  the  Osmanli  cavalry. 
Major-General  Strange's  only  brother,  Ma- 
jor Alexander  Strange,  served  in  India  in 
his  father's  regiment,  the  King's  Own  Bor- 
WW 


derers,    and   also   with    distinction   during 
the  war  in  New  Zealand,  but  died  on  the 
homeward  passage.    Lastly,  Major-General 
Strange's  own  sons  have  been  trained  to  the 
profession  of  arms.     The  eldest  boy,  Lieu- 
tenant Harry  Bland  Strange,  is  a  graduate 
of  the  Royal  Military  College,   Kingston, 
and  after  serving  as  aide-de-camp  to  his 
father  during  the  campaign  in  the  Canadian 
North-West,  obtained  a  commission  in  the 
Royal  Artillery.     The  second  son,  Alexan- 
der Wilmot  Strange,  a  graduate  of  the  On- 
tario Agricultural  College,  was  in  the  North- 
West  on  the  Military  Colonization  Ranche 
near  Calgary  with  which  his  father  is  con- 
nected, when  the  rebellion  broke  out,  and 
true  to   the  loyal  and  military  instincts  of 
his  race,  and  like  a  lad  of  spirit,  at  once  en- 
rolled himself  in  the  Alberta  Mounted  Rifles, 
with  a  detachment  of  which  he  served  until 
the  revolt  was  suppressed.     So  that  it  may 
be  said  that  for  five  generations  every  male 
of  this  family  has  served  in  the  army  or 
navy,  and  the  majority  of  them  have  died  in 
the  service.     Major-General  Strange's  own 
military   record   has  been  as  stirring  and 
eventful  as  any  in  the  history  of  the  family. 
As  an  artillery  officer,  he  takes  rank  among 
the  ablest  in  that  arm  of  the  profession,  and, 
as  a  soldier  maintaining  the  honor  of  his 
country's   flag   on  the  field  of   battle,   his 
personal  gallantry  and  skill  were  so  con- 
spicuous as  to  be  mentioned  four  times  in 
despatches.      Indeed,    few   officers   in   the 
British  service  seem  to  have  served  their 
Sovereign  with  greater  loyalty  and  ardor,  or 
to  have  taken  greater  pains  to  perfect  them- 
selves in  their  profession.     A  real  love  for 
that  profession  appears  to  have  been  the 
mainspring  of  his  whole  action  from  the  mo- 
ment when,  on  the  17th  December,  1851,  as 
a  young  man  of  barely  twenty  years,  he  re- 
ceived his  commission  as  a  second  lieutenant 
of  the  Royal  Regiment  of  Artillery.     Pre- 
viously to  this,  he  had  been  educated  at  the 
Edinburgh  Academy  and  the  Royal  Military 
Academy  at  Woolwich — at  the  former  clas- 
sically, .and  at  the  latter  in  mathematical  and 
military  science.     With  his  entry  into  the 
service,  however,  came  no  cessation  of  his 
studies.     On  the  contrary,  his  life  thencefor- 
ward for  many  years  seems  to  have  been  one 
of   unceasing    application    and    downright 
hard  work  to  perfect  himself  in  all  the  de- 
tails of   his  profession,    and   especially   off 
that   important  branch   of   it   with   which 
he  was  more  directly  associated.     Thus  we 


786 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


find  that  between  1852  and  1865,  when  his 
opportunities  from  foreign  or  active  service 
in  the  field  permitted,  he  successfully  passed 
through  the  following  courses,  for  three 
of  which  he  was  specially  recommended 
by  the  deputy  adjutant-general,  Koyal  Ar- 
tillery, by  the  director  of  artillery  studies, 
and  by  General  F.  0.  Wilmot,  command- 
ant, and  Colonel  Fisher,  R.A.,  chief  in- 
structor of  the  Shoeburyness  School  of 
Gunnery:  Astronomical  Observatory,  Wool- 
wich ;  Musketry  Instruction,  Department  of 
Artillery  Studies,  Chemistry  of  War  Stores, 
Royal  Laboratory,  Koyal  Gun  Factories, 
Royal  Carriage  Department,  Royal  Wal- 
tham  Powder  Mills,  Enfield  Small  Arms  Fac- 
tory, and  Long  Course  School  of  Gunnery, 
Shoeburyness.  The  official  record  of  his 
qualifications  shows  further  that  he  carried 
off  the  prize  at  the  Royal  Military  Academy 
for  military  topography  and  landscape 
painting;  that  he  mastered  the  French, 
Spanish  and  Hindostani  languages;  and 
that  he  acquired  the  practice  as  well  as  the 
theory  of  his  profession  by  serving  as  dis- 
trict adjutant  and  quartermaster  at  Sheer- 
ness  from  1856  to  1857;  as  quartermaster 
to  the  artillery  division  on  service,  and  as 
acting  commissary  of  ordnance  and  acting 
adjutant  and  orderly  officer  in  action  from 
Benares  to  Lucknow  during  the  Indian 
Mutiny,  in  1857-8  ;  as  Hindostani  inter- 
preter at  Moultan,  from  1859  to  1860;  and 
as  superintendent  and  gunnery  instructor 
of  the  Repository  branch  of  the  Woolwich 
School  of  Gunnery  from  1866  to  1871. 
His  record  of  foreign  service  covers  two 
years  and  a  half  in  garrison  at  Gibraltar, 
nearly  two  years  in  the  West  Indies,  and 
about  six  and  a  half  years  in  India,  and  a 
little  over  ten  years  in  Canada,  or  a  period 
of  twenty-one  years  and  eight  months  in  all, 
making,  with  his  home  service  of  close  upon 
ten  years,  a  total  of  thirty-two  years  in  the 
military  employ  of  his  Sovereign,  during 
which  his  promotions  took  place  as  follows : 
— First  lieutenant,  1853;  second  captain, 
1858;  first  captain,  1866;  lieutenant-col- 
onel, inspector  of  Canadian  artillery,  with 
rank  of  deputy  adjutant-general,  1871; 
major  R.A.,  1872;  lieutenant-colonel  in  the 
army  (local),  1875;  lieutenant  -  colonel 
R.A.,  1877;  colonel,  July,  and  major-gene- 
ral, retired,  December,  1881.  The  break- 
ing out  of  the  terrible  Sepoy  rebellion  in 
1857  furnished  to  our  subject  his  first  ex- 
perience of  active  service  in  the  field,  and 


though  he  was  then  only  a  lieutenant,  his 
skill,  daring  and  presence  of  mind  were  con- 
spicuous. According  to  the  "  Army  List," 
he  was  present  at  the  actions  of  Chanda, 
Sultanpore,  Dhowrarah,  and  Moonshejunge, 
the  siege  and  capture  of  Lucknow,  under 
Sir  Colin  Campbell,  the  actions  of  Korsee, 
Nawab-gunge,  Seraigunge,  the  affairs  of  the 
22nd  and  29th  July,  the  passage  of  the  Gum- 
tee,  Oude,  including  the  engagements  of 
the  25th,  26th,  27th  and  28th  August,  and 
at  Doudpoor  on  the  28th  October.  In  all 
he  served  in  thirteen  engagements,  was 
mentioned  four  times  in  despatches,  and 
wears  the  medal  and  clasp  for  Lucknow. 
During  the  mutiny  he  also  received  his 
captaincy,  and  among  the  complimentary 
references  to  his  gallant  services  in  the 
field  we  note  the  following  in  official 
despatches  :  —  "  1st,  at  Moonshejunge, 
March  4th,  1858,  Lieutenant  Strange,  R.A., 
assisted  by  Captain  Middleton,  29th  regi- 
ment, and  other  officers,  enabled  the  com- 
manding officer  to  carry  off  two  cap- 
tured guns  under  a  heavy  matchlock  fire 
from  the  loopholes  (vide  despatch  No.  3,  as 
above).  On  the  same  day,  after  the  engi- 
neer officer,  Captain  Innes,  Bengal  Engi- 
neers (now  V.C.),  was  severely  wounded  in 
the  attempt,  Lieutenant  Strange  carried 
the  powder-bag  to  the  gate  of  the  interior 
entrenchment,  and  with  the  assistance  of 
Captain  Middleton,  29th  regiment,  fired  it. 
2nd,  on  March  26th,  1858,  at  the  capture  of 
the  Kaiser  Bagh,  Lucknow,  Colonel  Napier 
(now  Lord  Napier  of  Magdala),  Bengal 
Engineers,  being  engineer  directing  the  at- 
tack, Lieutenant  Strange,  with  assistance, 
endeavored  to  empty  a  powder  magazine  JB 
the  great  square  while  the  adjacent  build- 
ings were  on  fire.  An  explosion  left  that 
officer  the  sole  survivor  (vide  the  death  of 
Bombardier  S.  S.  Lever,  No.  3  company, 
14th  battalion,  forwarded  by  General  Du- 
puis,  R.A.,  to  adjutant- general,  Horse 
Guards).  3rd,  on  2nd  October,  1858,  at 
Doudpoor,  Oude,  while  in  command  of  right 
division  Q  field  battery,  R.A.,  and  two  guns 
R.H.A.,  under  Lieutenant  Lyon,  Captain 
Strange  captured  two  guns  "and  sixteen 
horses,  Brigadier-General  Horsford  com- 
manding the  force.  Capture  reported."*  To 


*As  the  capture  of  an  enemy's  guns  by  artil- 
lery unsupported  by  cavalry  or  infantry  is  per- 
haps without  precedent  in  the  annals  of  war,  it 
may  be  explained  that  a  rapid  advance  left  the 
infantry  in  rear,  and  a  thick  wood  prevented  the 


CANADIAN  Bi'OGRAPHY. 


787 


these  may  be  added  the  testimony  of  Lieu- 
tenant-General Sir  Hope  Grant,  K.C.B., 
who  wrote; — "Lieutenant  Strange  (now 
captain)  was  under  my  command  in  Oude, 
in  1858,  during  the  mutiny,  and  rendered 
very  efficient  service  at  the  crossing  of  the 
Goomtee  in  driving  the  enemy  back  and 
covering  the  crossing  of  the  force.  His  two 
guns,  which  I  sent  on  in  advance,  had  to  be 
taken  in  pieces  across  on  rafts,  and  the 
horses  had  to  swim  the  river.  His  duty 
was  performed  to  my  entire  satisfaction.  He 
was  also  staff  officer  to  the  artillery  division 
under  Colonel  Carleton,  at  the  battle  of 
Nawab-gunge,  when  he  made  himself  very 
useful."  Proofs  of  the  same  kind  might  be 
multiplied,  but  these  suffice  to  show  that 
our  subject  is  not  only  an  officer  of  skill 
and  experience,  but  that  he  distinguished 
himself  as  much  by  his  gallantry  in  the 
field  as  by  his  decision  and  coolness  in  the 
hour  of  danger.  The  removal  of  the  Im- 
perial garrisons  from  Canada  in  1871,  and 
the  desire  of  the  Canadian  Government,  in 
pursuance  of  a  plan  for  the  defence  of  the 
Dominion,  to  raise  some  batteries  of  artil- 
lery and  to  organise  a  scheme  of  artillery 
instruction,  introduced  him  to  a  new 
sphere  of  honorable  usefulness.  Endorsed 
by  the  highest  military  authorities  in  Eng- 
land, including  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Cam- 
bridge, commander -in -chief;  Sir  Hugh 
Hose,  commanding  the  forces  in  Ireland; 
General  Sir  Hope  Grant;  General  Adye, 
director-general  of  artillery,  and  others  too 
numerous  to  mention,  he  came  to  Canada 
in  that  year  as  lieutenant-colonel  and  in- 
spector of  Canadian  artillery,  with  rank  as 
deputy  adjutant-general,  and  a  commission 
to  form  and  command  the  1st  garrison  of 
Canadian  artillery  at  Quebec.  How  suc- 
cessful he  was  in  this  task  is  well  known  to 
all  acquainted  with  the  soldierly  qualities 
and  discipline  of  those  fine  corps,  A  and  B 
batteries, -j-  and  especially  to  the  people  of 
the  ancient  capital,  who  had  the  best  op- 
action  of  cavalry.  On  the  road  (the  only  open 
space  through  the  wood)  the  enemy's  guns  were 
suddenly  overtaken  and  captured  by  the  charge 
of  the  mounted  gunners,  who  sabred  the  Sepoy 
gunners  before  they  had  time  to  fire.  A  mo- 
ment's hesitation  would  have  been  fatal.  Had 
the  British  guns  halted  to  unlimber,  the  enemy, 
who  were  already  unlimbered,  would  have  had 
first  fire,  with  inevitably  annihilating  effect. 

t  "  A  "  battery  was  first  organized  by  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel French,  who  subsequently  command- 
ed N.-W.  M.  Police  force. 


portunity  to  witness  the  difficulties  he  had 
to  contend  with  and  overcome,  and  to  ap- 
preciate, during  his  nine  years'  residence 
in  their  midst  as  commandant  of  their  his- 
toric citadel,  his  admirable  qualities  as  a 
soldier  and  a  gentleman.  Referring  to  this 
phase  of  his  Canadian  career,  the  Toronto- 
Globe  of  the  24th  April,  1885,  during  the 
height  of  the  rebellion  in  the  Canadian 
North-West,  remarked: — "He  established 
upon  enduring  foundations  the  schools  of 
gunnery  in  which  so  many  have  been  train- 
ed for  service  in  different  capacities,  and  es- 
pecially as  artillerists,  and  the  efficiency  of 
the  batteries  now  at  the  front  is  largely  ow- 
ing to  the  fact  that  the  Government  has 
adopted  the  more  important  recommenda- 
tions which,  as  inspector  of  artillery,  he  has 
seen  fit  to  make.*  He  is  a  man  of  marked 
will-power,  a  disciplinarian,  and  yet  one 
whose  commands  are  not  unkindly  enforced. 
But  once,  while  in  command  of  B  battery, 
was  he  called  upon  to  act  the  soldier's  part 
in  earnest,  and  that  was  during  the  labor 
and  bread  riots  in  Quebec,  in  1878.  He 
acted  with  a  courage  and  coolness  then 
which  showed  how  well  fitted  he  was  for 
action  in  an  emergency."  To  this  might 
be  with  justice  added  that  on  this  occasion 
Colonel  Strange  also  acted  with  an  amoun  / 
of  self-control  and  humanity  as  honorable 
to  him  as  a  soldier  as  it  was  creditable  to 
him  as  a  man.  To  his  firmness  the  ancient 
capital  owed  the  prompt  suppression  of  the 
trouble,  and  to  his  humanity  that  this  stern 
but  needful  duty  in  the  interests  of  law  and 
order  was  discharged  with  the  least  possible 
effusion  of  blood.  The  local  press,  headed 
by  the  Quebec  Morning  Chronicle,  were  not 
slow  to  acknowledge  this  indebtedness  in 
the  handsomest  terms,  and  the  lieutenant- 
general  commanding  the  Canadian  militia, 
Sir  Selby  Smith,  recognized  it  in  flattering 
terms  in  his  general  order  of  18th  June, 
1878.  But  it  is  pleasant  to  know  that  the 
citizens  of  Quebec  have  more  agreeable  re- 
collections of  Colonel  Strange  than  those 
connected  with  him  as  the  exponent  of 
military  force.  During  his  residence  of 
nine  years  amongst  them,  he  and  his  officers 

*  Am  ong_  others  the  establishment  of  a  Cana- 
dian cartridge  factory,  without  which  the  sup- 
pression of  the  North-West  rebellion  would  have 
been  indefinitely  prolonged  had  it  been  necessary 
to  supply  cartridges  from  England,  as  the  manu- 
facture of  the  Snider  cartricl  ~e  had  ceased  there 
on  the  change  of  rifle  to  Ma\;ni. 


788 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


and  men  intimately  associated  themselves 
with  their  daily  life,  and  contribnted  large- 
ly to  their  entertainment  and  to  the  gaiety 
of  the  city.*  It  would  require  more  space 
than  could  be  afforded  within  the  scope  of 
this  work  to  do  justice  to  this  phase  of 
Colonel  Strange' s  career  in  Quebec,  but  an 
idea  of  it  can  be  gathered  from  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  Montgomery  centennial  in  1875, 
which  will  ever  remain  an  enduring  mem- 
ory with  the  Quebecers.  On  that  occasion 
Colonel  Strange  thought  it  his  duty  to 
cement  Canadian  patriotism  by  reminding 
Canadians  of  both  nationalities  of  their 
forefathers'  struggle  to  repel  invasion. 
For  this  purpose,  in  addition  to  the  valu- 
able historical  paper  which,  as  vice-pre- 
sident of  the  Quebec  Literary  and  His- 
torical Society,  he  read  before  the  society 
(on  the  defence  of  Quebec  in  1775  against 
the  attempt  made  by  the  Americans,  un- 
der Generals  Montgomery  and  Arnold,  to 
capture  the  fortress),  at  the  fete  in  com- 
memoration of  the  centenary  of  Montgom- 
ery's defeat  and  death,  held  in  the  society's 
rooms  at  the  Morrin  College,  he  organized 
one  of  the  most  unique  balls  imaginable, 
which  came  off  with  the  greatest  success  at 
the  citadel  on  the  very  centennial  itself,  the 
night  of  the  31st  December,  1875.  Of  this 
fete  the  following  graphic  account  was  pub- 
lished at  the  time : — 

The  celebration  of  the  centenary  at  the  Literary 
and  Historical  Society  was  followed  by  a  similar 
demonstration  at  the  Institut  Canadien  of  Que- 
bec, on  the  30th,  which  passed  off  with  great  eclat, 
and  by  a  ball  at  the  citadel  on  the  33  st,  given  by 
the  commandant,  Colonel  Strange,  R.A.,  and 
Mrs.  Strange,  who  entertained  a  large  number  of 
guests  dressed  in  the  costume  of  1775.  The  fol- 
lowing verses,  contributed  by  "  E.  L.  M.,"  a  Mon- 
treal lady,  and  dedicated  to  Colonel  Strange,  were 
made  an  appropriate  introduction  to  the  festivi- 
ties :— 

Hark  !  hark  !  the  iron  tongue  of  time 

Clangs  forth  a  hundred  years, 
And  Stadacona  on  her  heights 
»          Sits  shedding  mournful  tears  ! 

Oh  !  spirits  fled,  oh  !  heroes  dead, 

Oh  !  ye  were  slain  for  me, 
And  I  shall  never  cease  to  weep, 

Ah  !  Wolfe,  brave  soul  for  thee. 

Again  the  foe  are  made  to  know 

The  force  of  British  steel ; 
Montgomery  and  his  comrades  brave 

Fall  'neath  the  cannon's  peal. 

*As  mili  ary  equitation  is  of  little  value  with- 
out pi  actical  application  in  the  field,  a  pack  of 
foxhounds  was  kept  at  the  Citadel,  Colonel 
Strange  being  M.F.H.,  Captain  Short,  huntsman. 


3n  her  feet, 

With  wild  dishevelled  hair— 
"  What  are  those  sounds  I  hear  so  sweet 
Upon  the  trembling  air  ? 

"  The  frowning  Citadel  afar 
Is  all  ablaze  with  light, 
And  martial  notes,  but  not  of  war, 
Awake  the  slumbering  night." 

Then  on  she  sped,  with  airy  flight, 
Across  the  historic  Plains, 

And  there  beheld  a  splendid  sight- 
Valor  with  beauty  reigns. 

Where  fearless  Carleton  stood  at  bay 

A  hundred  years  ago, 
Under  the  gallant  Strange's  sway 

They  still  defy  the  foe. 

"  My  sons  !  my  sons  !  I  see  ye  now, 
Filled  with  the  ancient  fires, 
Your  manly  features  flashing  forth 
The  spirit  of  your  sires  ! 

"  Yet  here,  surrounded  by  the  flower 

Of  Canada's  fair  dames, 
Ye  are  as  gentle  in  these  bowers 
As  brave  amidst  war's  flames. 

"  Long  may  ye  live  to  tell  the  tale 

Transmitted  to  your  mind, 
And  should  again  your  coun  try  call 
Like  valor  she  will  find." 

One  hundred  years  have  passed  away,  and  again 
soldiers  and  civilians  in  the  costume  of  1775  move 
about  in  the  old  fortress,  some  in  the  identical 
uniforms  worn  by  their  ancestors  at  the  time  of 
the  memorable  repulse. 

The  Commandant,  in  the  uniform  of  his  corps 
in  1775,  and  the  ladies  in  the  costume  of  the 
same  period,  received  their  guests  as  they  enter- 
ed the  ball-room— the  approaches  to  which  were 
tastefully  decorated.  Half-way  between  the 
dressing  and  receiving  rooms  is  a  noble  double 
staircase,  the  sides  of  which  are  draped  with 
Royal  standards  intermingled  with  the  white  and 
golden  lilies  of  France,  our  Dominion  ensign,  and 
the  stars  and  stripes  of  the  neighboring  repub- 
lic. On  either  hand  of  the  broad  steps  are  stands 
of  arms  and  warlike  implements.  Here,  too, 
facing  one  when  ascending  the  steps,  is  the  trophy 
designed  by  Captain  Larue  of  the  B.  battery.  The 
huge  banners  fell  in  graceful  folds  about  the 
stacks  of  musketry  piled  on  the  right  and  left 
above  the  drums  and  trumpets  ;  from  the  centre 
was  a  red  and  black  pennant  (the  American 
colors  of  1775),  immediately  underneath  was  the 
escutcheon  of  the  United  States,  on  which,  heav- 
ily craped,  was  hung  the  hero's  sword— the  wea- 
pon with  which,  one  hundred  years  before  this 
night,  Montgomery  had  beckoned  on  his  men. 
Underneath  this  kindly  tribute  to  the  memory  of 
the  dead  general  were  the  solemn  prayerful 
initials  of  the  Hequiescat  in  Pace.  At  the  foot 
of  the  trophy  were  two  sets  of  old  flint  muskets, 
and  accoutrements,  piled,  and  in  the  centre  a 
brass  cannon  captured  from  the  Americans  in 
1775,  which  bears  the  lone  star  and  figure  of  an 
Indian— the  arms  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts. 
On  either  side  of  this  historical  tableau,  recalling 
as  it  did  so  vividly  the  troublous  times  of  long  ago, 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


789 


telling  the  lesson  so  speakingly  of  the  patience 
and  pluck,  the  sturdy  manhood  and  bravery  of  a 
century  gone  by,  were  stationed  as  sentries  two 
splendid  specimens  of  the  human  race,  stalwart 
giants,  considerably  over  six  feet  in  height,  who 
belonged  formerly  to  the  famous  Cent  Garde  of 
Napoleon  III.,  but  now  in  the  ranks  of  B  bat- 
tery.* The  stern  impassiveness  of  their  faces  and 
the  immobility  of  their  figures  were  quite  in  keep- 
ing with  the  solemn  trust  they  had  to  guard. 

Dancing  commenced ;  dance  succeeded  dance, 
and  the  happy  hours  flew  past  till  the  midnight 
hour,  which  would  add  another  year  to  our  earthly 
existence.  About  that  time  there  were  mysteri- 
ous signs  and  evi  lences  that  something  unusual 
was  going  to  happen.  There  was  a  hurrying  to  and 
fro  of  the  cognoscenti  to  their  respective  places,  but 
so  noiselessly  and  carefully  were  the  preparations 
made  for  a  coup  de  theatre  that  the  gay  throng 
who  perpetually  circulated  through  the  rooms 
took  little  heed,  when  all  of  a  sudden  the  clear 
clarion  notes  of  a  trumpet  sounding  thrilled  the 
hearts  of  all  present.  A  panel  in  the  wainscoat- 
ing  of  the  lower  dancing  room  opened  as  if  by 
magic,  and  out  jumped  a  jaunty  little  trumpeter 
with  the  slashed  and  dejorated  jacket  and  busby 
of  a  Hussar.  The  blast  he  blew  rang  in  tingling 
echoes  far  and  wide,  and  a  second  later  the  wierd 
piping  and  drumming,  in  a  music  now  strange  to 
us,  was  heard  in  a  remote  part  of  the  barracks. 
Nearer  and  nearer  every  moment  came  the  sharp 
shrill  notes  of  the  fifes  and  the  quick  detonation 
of  the  drum  stick  tap^.  A  silence  grew  over  the 
bright  cortege,  the  notes  of  the  band  died  away, 
the  company  clustered  in  picturesque  groups 
around  the  stairs  where  was  placed  the  thin  steel 
blade  whose  hilt  one  century  gone  by  was  warmed 
by  the  hand  of  Montgomery.  The  rattle  of  the 
drums  came  closer  and  closer,  two  folding  doors 
opened  suddenly,  and  through  them  stalked  in 
grim  solemnity  the  "Phantom  Guard,"  led  by 
the  intrepid  Sergeant  Hugh  McQuarters.  Neither 
regarding  the  festive  decorations  nor  the  bright 
faces  around  them,  the  guard  passed  through  the 
assemblage  as  if  they  were  not,  on  through  saloon 
and  passage,  past  ball-room  and  conversation  par- 
lor, they  glided  with  measured  step,  and  halted 
in  front  of  t.he  Montgomery  trophy,  and  paid 
military  honors  to  the  memento  of  a  hero's  vali- 
ant, if  unsuccessful,  act.  Upon  their  taking  clo*e 
order,  the  bombadier,  Mr.  Dunn,  who  imperson- 
ated the  dead  sergeant,  and  actually  wore  the 
sword  and  blood-stained  belts  of  a  man  who  was 
killed  in  action  in  1775,  addressed  Col.  Strange, 
who  stood  at  the  bottom  of  the  staircase  already 
mentioned,  as  follows  : — 

Commandant !  we  rise  from  our  graves  to-night, 
On  the  Centennial  of  the  glorious  fight. 
At  midnight,  just  one  hundred  years  ago, 
We  soldiers  fought  and  beat  the  daring  foe; 
And  kept  our  dear  old  flag  aloft,  unfurled, 
Against  the  armies  of  the  Western  world. 
Although  our  bodies  now  should  be  decayed, 
At  this,  our  visit,  be  not  sore  dismayed  ; 
Glad  are  we  to  see  our  fortress  still  defended, 
By  Canadians,  French  and  British  blended, 
But  Colonel,  now  I'll  tell  you,  why  we've  risen, 


*One  of  them,  Gunner  de  Manoli,  was  killed  in 
action  at  Fish  Creek  during  the  late  North- West 
campaign.  He  was  shot  through  the  head. 


From  out  of  the  bosom  of  the  earth's  cold  prison— 

We  ask  of  you  to  pay  us  one  tribute, 

By  firing  from  these  heights,  one  last  salute. 

The  grave,  sonorous  words  of  the  martial  request 
were  hardly  uttered  ere  through  the  darkness  of 
the  night,  the  great  cannon  boomed  out  a  soldier's 
welcome  and  a  brave  man's  requiem— causing ' 
women's  hearts  to  throb,  and  men's  to  exult  at 
the  warlike  sound.  While  the  whole  air  was 
trembling  with  the  sullen  reverberation  and  the 
sky  was  illuminated  with  rockets  and  Roman 
candles,  Colonel  Strange  responded  to  his  ghostly 
visitant,  in  the  following  original  composition  : 

Tis  Hugh  McQuarters,  and  his  comrades  brave, 
To-night  have  risen  from  their  glorious  grave — 
To  you  we  owe  our  standard  still  unfurled, 
Yet  flaunts  aloft  defiance  to  the  world  : 
God  grant  in  danger's  hour  we  prove  as  true, 
In  duty's  path,  as  nobly  brave  as  you. 
This  night  we  pass,  in  revel,  dance  and  song, 
The  weary  hours  you  watched  so  well  and  long. 
'  Mid  storm  and  tempest  met  the  battle  shock, 
Beneath  the  shadow  of  the  beetling  rock  ; 
When  foemen  found  their  winding  sheet  of  snow, 
Where  broad  St.  Lawrence  wintry  waters  flow. 

Yes  !  once  again  those  echoes  shall  awake, 
In  thunders,  for  our  ancient  comrades'  sake  ; 
The  midnight  clouds  by  battle  bolts  be  riven, 
Response  like  Frontenac's  may  yet  be  given 
If  foeman's  foot  our  sacred  soil  shall  tread. 
We  seek  not  history's  bloody  page  to  turn, 
For  us  no  boastful  words  aggressive  burn, 
Forgotten,  few,  but  undismayed  we  stand, 
The  guardians  of  this  young  Canadian  land. 
Oh,  blessed  peace  !  thy  gentle  pinions  spread, 
Until  all  our  battle  flags  be  furl'd. 
In  the  poet's  federation  of  the  world. 

For  us  will  dawn  no  new  centennial  day — 
Our  very  memories  will  have  passed  away, 
Our  beating  hearts  be  still,  our  bodies  dust ; 
Our  joys  and  sorrows  o'er,  our  swords  but  rust. 
Your  gallant  deeds  will  live  in  history's  page, 
In  fire  side  stories,  told  to  youth  by  age  ; 
But  sacred  writ  still  warns  us  yet  again, 
How  soldier's  science  and  his  valour's  vain 
Unless  the  Lord  of  Hosts  the  city  keep  : 
The  mighty  tremble  and  the  watchmen  sleep, 
Return  grim  soldiers  to  your  silent  home 
Where  we,  when  duty's  done,  will  also  come. 
It  will  not  be   easy  for  any  of  those  fortunate 
enough  to  have   witnessed   the    impressive    and 
natural  way  in  which  this  coup  de  theatre  was  ar- 
ranged ever  to  forget  it.     Taken  either  as  a  tableau 
vivant  of  a  possible  historic  event,  or  as  an  ex- 
ample of  truthful  spirited  e'oquence,    on    both 
sides,  it  was  a  perfect  success.     ' '  At  the  sugges- 
tion of  the  resident  American  consul,  Hon.  W.  C, 
Howells,   the  old  house  in  St.  Louis  street,  in 
which  the  body  of  General  Montgomery  was  laid 
out  on  the  1st  January,  1776,  was  decorated  with 
the  American  flag,   and   brilliantly    illuminated 
that  night. 

In  June,  1880,  Colonel  Strange  went  to 
Kingston  with  his  command  on  the  transfer 
of  the  batteries;  and,  in  December,  1881, 
having  received  his  promotion  to  the  rank 
of  major-general,  he  not  long  afterwards 


790 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


retired  from  the  service  and  became  the  chie 
factor  in  the  organization  of  the  Military 
Colonization  Company, whose  ranche  is  aboui 
thirty-five  miles  from  Calgary,  in  the  Cana 
'dian  North-West.  His  two  sons,  already 
mentioned,  accompanied  him  to  enter  upon 
pioneer  life  in  the  North-West  and  to 
help  him  to  found  the  new  home  there,  to 
which  he  has  given  the  Indian  name  ol 
"  Namaka."  The  breaking  out  of  the  Eiel 
rebellion  found  them  engaged  in  these 
peaceful  pursuits;  but  the  first  note  of  alarm 
aroused  the  old  warrior,  and  before  the 
Canadian  authorities  had  time  to  grasp  al] 
the  danger  that  threatened  from  the  Indians, 
or  to  take  measures  for  the  protection  of  the 
exposed  settlements,  he  was  heading  his 
neighbors  in  an  organization  for  defence 
and  giving  the  country  all  the  benefit  of  his 
great  military  experience  and  skill.  Our 
space  will  not  permit  our  following  the  his- 
tory of  this  organization  or  of  the  campaign 
in  which  it  played  so  important  a  part.  It 
may,  however,  be  stated  that  it  became  the 
nucleus  of  the  field  force  of  the  Alberta 
district,  which  was  placed  under  command 
of  Msjor-General  Strange,  and  that  it  not 
only  distinguished  itself  in  the  actions  at 
Hioon  Lake,  Frenchman's  Butte  and  else- 
where, but  contributed  in  no  small  degree 
to  the  suppression  of  the  insurrection  by 
driving  Kiel's  ally,  Big  Bear,  to  bay,  and 
preventing  a  general  and  bloody  uprising  of 
the  other  Indian  tribes  and  bands  through- 
out the  North-West.  Of  Major-General 
Strange' s  role  as  its  commander  in  that 
memorable  campaign,  it  is  enough  to  say 
that  it  was  in  keeping  with  his  high  reputa- 
tion as  an  organizer,  a  leader  and  a  soldier; 
and  the  Dominion  owes  him  a  deep  debt  of 
gratitude  for  the  valuable  and,  it  may  be 
added,  disinterested  services  he  rendered  on 
the  occasion.  Professional  jealousy  may 
seek  to  deprive  him  of  his  full  share  of  credit 
in  the  connection,  but  an  intelligent  public 
will  not  be  slow  to  apportion  to  him,  as  to 
all  the  other  leading  actors  in  the  North-West 
campaign,  his  rightful  merit.  The  follow- 
ing is  a  resume  of  the  operations  of  the  Al- 
berta field  force,  as  it  appeared  at  the  time  in 
the  columns  of  the  Calgary  Tribune : — 

The  work  done  by  the  force  under  my  command, 
and  the  results,  may  be  briefly  stated  as  follows  : 

The  cattle  districts  in  the  heart  of  the  Indian 
reserves  were  secured,  the  frontier  patrolled,  and 
Indian  and  Fenian  incursions  prevented,  and 
telegraph  communication  established. 

These  results  were  mainly  obtained  by  the  rais- 


ing of  ranche  cavalry  and  home  guards,  supple- 
mented by  the  presence  of  companies  of  infantry 
at  forts  McLeod,  Crowfoot,  Gleichan  and  Calgary. 
These  detachments  secured  the  country  against 
the  rising  of  Blackfeet,  Bloods,  Peigans,  Sarcees, 
etc.,  protected  the  railroad,  and  prevented  its 
abandonment  by  the  C.  P.  R.  officials  during  the 
strike  and  alarm. 

No  doubt  the  feeling  of  alarm  was  much  exag- 
gerated, but  could  not  be  otherwise,  owing  to  the 
utter  absence  of  arms  among  the  settlers,  and  the 
impossibility  of  getting  any  from  the  Government. 

The  transport  and  supply  were  extemporized 
without  even  the  embryo  of  the  establishments 
considered  necessary  in  a  civilized  country,  while 
our  difficulties  were  increased  by  bhe  complete 
absence  of  any  supplies  in  the  wilderness  country 
through  which  we  passed,  and  the  want  of  road, 
telegraph,  or  even  mail  communication. 

Nevertheless,  the  rapid  march  of  the  three  suc- 
cessive columns  of  the  Alberta  Field  Force 
stamped  out  the  incipient  seeds  of  active  rebel- 
lion among  the  turbulent  tribes  who  had  already 
commenced  depredations,  more  of  whom  would 
have  joined  the  Eastern  outbreak,  but  for  the 
timely  appearance  and  location  of  troops  on  their 
reserves  ;  while  a  famine  was  prevented  in  the 
districts  north  of  Edmonton  by  the  convoys  of 
provisions  brought  along  the  protected  line  of 
communication. 

A  flotilla  was  built  at  Edmonton,  a  further 
supply  of  provisions  collected,  and  the  hazardous 
and  delicate  operation  of  moving  troops  simul- 
taneously by  land  and  river,  in  open  boats  (touch 
being  maintained  throughout),  and  a  final  success- 
ful junction  effected  within  striking  distance  of 
the  enemy. 

Not  a  day's  delay  occurred  from  start  to  finish, 
though  our  base  of  supply  was  more  than  500 
miles  from  our  objective.  The  excellence  and 
carefulness  of  the  scouting  almost  precluded  any 
chance  of  disaster,  and  quickly  discovered  the 
position  of  Big  Bear,  who  was  immediately  at- 
tacked, the  result  being  that,  although  the  nu- 
merical inferiority  of  our  force  prevented  the  cap- 
ture of  his  position,  his  band  was  broken  up  and 
demoralized,  the  majority  of  the  prisoners  released, 
and  the  subsequent  pursuit  by  the  cavalry  of  this 
force,  under  major  Steele,  completed  the  surren- 
der of  the  remainder  of  the  prisoners,  the  total 
dispersion  of  his  band,  and  his  ultimate  surrender. 
Not  a  shot  was  fired  in  connection  with  these  re- 
sults, except  by  the  Alberta  Field  Force,  with 
only  a  loss  of  six  wounded.  Plainly  drawing  at- 
tention to  these  results  is  a  duty  I  conceive  due  to 
the  officers  and  men  I  feel  it  an  honor  to  have 
commanded.  By  their  patient  endurance,  sense 
of  duty  and  steadiness  under  fire,  these  results 
were  produced.  Your  obedient  servant, 

(Signed)  T.  B.  STRANGE, 
Major-General,  Late  Com.,  Alberta  Field  Force. 

On  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion,  he  re- 
ceived the  Saskatchewan  medal  and  clasp, 
and  once  more,  like  a  modern  Cincinnatus, 
beat  his  sword  into  a  ploughshare  and  re- 
sumed the  cultivation  of  the  arts  of  peace 
at  his  home  at  "  Namaka,"  near  Calgary, 
where  he  continued  to  reside  until  a  broken 
eg,  by  a  kick  from  a  horse,  followed  by  a 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


791 


second  fracture,  obliged  him  to  resign  the 
active  management  of  the  Military  Coloni- 
zation Eanche.  Before  leaving  the  phase 
of  his  eventful  career  connected  with  the 
Canadian  North-West,  it  should  be  stated 
that  in  January,  1887,  he  offered  as  an 
Independent  candidate  for  the  seat  for  Al- 
berta in  the  Dominion  parliament,  but  with- 
drew before  going  to  the  polls,  the  time 
having  evidently  not  yet  come  for  the  elec- 
tion of  representatives  unpledged  to  either 
political  party.  He  is  a  member  of  no 
society  except  temperance  societies,  of  whose 
principles  he  has  always  been  a  warm  and 
consistent  advocate,  though  never  a  Pro- 
hibitionist. He  has  travelled  over  the 
greater  part  of  Europe,  visited  North  and 
South  Africa,  the  United  States,  Canada 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacifie,  the  East 
and  "West  Indies,  and  crossed  the  Himalaya 
mountains  into  Thibet  and  Central  Asia. 
He  has  also  been  a  prolific  writer,  especially 
on  military  questions.  Besides  editing  the 
Canadian  Military  Review,  he  has  pub- 
lished an  "  Artillery  Retrospect  of  the  last 
Great  War,  1870-71,"  "Military  Aspect  of 
Canada,'1  and  a  work  on  "  Field  Artillery," 
besides  his  reports  on  militia  matters,  de- 
fence of  British  Columbia,  etc.,  which  have 
been  printed  in  the  Canadian  Militia  Re- 
ports, and  for  the  most  part  acted  upon. 
His  wife,  who  has  been  a  true  helpmate  to 
him  and  followed  his  fortunes  with  loving 
devotion  from  India  to  Canada,  was  a  Miss 
Eleanor  Taylor,  daughter  of  Captain  B.  Tay- 
lor, of  the  East  India  Company's  service,  and 
to  her  he  was  united  at  Simla,  East  Indies, 
in  October,  1862.  By  her,  he  has  had  issue, 
seven  children,  five  of  whom,  including  the 
two  sons  already  mentioned,  survive. 

Pipes,  Hon.  William  Thomas, 
Barrister,  Amherst,  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at 
Amherst  on  the  15th  April,  1850.  His  pater- 
nal ancestors  came  from  England,  and  his 
maternal  ancestors  were  U.  E.  loyalists.  The 
family  has  resided  in  Cumberland  county, 
N.  S.,  for  over  a  hundred  years,  and  have 
been  chiefly  engaged  in  farming  and  ship- 
building. His  parents  were  Jonathan  and 
Caroline  Pipes.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
received  his  educational  training  in  the 
Amherst  Academy  and  Acadia  College.  He 
adopted  law  as  a  profession,  and  was  called 
to  the  bar  of  Nova  Scotia  in  1878.  Since 
then  he  has  successfully  practised  his  pro- 
fession in  Amherst.  At  the  general  elec- 
tion held  in  1878,  he  unsuccessfully  opposed 


Sir  Charles  Tupper,  in  Cumberland  county, 
for  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Commons  at 
Ottawa,  but  shortly  afterwards  he  was  re- 
turned for  the  same  county  to  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  of  his  native  province.  On 
the  3rd  of  August,  1882,  he  became  presi- 
dent of  the  executive  council  and  premier 
of  the  government.  He  declined  the  office 
of  attorney- general.  On  the  15th  July, 
1884,  he  retired  from  the,  ministry,  and 
finally,  two  years  afterwards,  from  political 
life.  In  politics  Mr.  Pipes  is  a  Liberal,  and 
in  religion  an  adherent  of  the  Church  of 
England.  He  has  travelled  a  good  deal, 
and  has  visited  England,  Ireland,  France, 
and  the  United  States  of  America.  On  the 
23rd  November,  JL876,  he  was  married  to 
Buth  Eliza,  daughter  of  David  McElmon. 
Mr.  Pipes  has  spent  an  active  and  useful 
life,  and  is  greatly  respected  by  his  friends 
and  acquaintances. 

Smith,  George  Byron,  Wholesale 
Dry  Goods  Merchant,  Toronto,  M.P.P.  for 
East  York,  is  one  of  those  whom  nature 
has  designed  to  become  a  leader  of  men. 
His  paternal  grandfather  came  from  the 
state  of  Connecticut,  United  States,  and 
settled  near  Cobourg,  Ontario,  many  years 
ago.  His  maternal  grandfather  was  a  United 
Empire  loyalist,  and  emigrated  from  Mas- 
sachusetts to  Canada  shortly  after  the  revo- 
lutionary war.  George  Byron  Smith,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  first  saw  the  light  on 
the  7th  March,  1839,  at  Newtonville,  Dur- 
ham county,  and  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  place.  Hav- 
ing secured  a  good  commercial  education, 
he  removed  to  St.  Mary's,  and  began  busi- 
ness as  a  merchant  in  that  then  thriving 
town.  Here  he  was  very  successful,  and 
having  accumulated  considerable  wealth, 
resolved  to  seek  a  larger  field  for  his  opera- 
tions, and  some  years  ago  he  removed  to 
Toronto,  where  as  a  merchant  he  has  been 
equally  successful.  While  in  St.  Mary's 
he  served  two  years  in  the  town  council, 
and  in  Toronto  he  served  as  alderman  for 
one  year.  Having  aspirations  of  a  higher 
order  than  that  of  alderman,  he  began  to 
take  an  active  interest  in  politics,  and  at 
the  last  general  election  for  the  Ontario 
legislature  was  returned  to  represent  the 
East  Biding  of  York  in  that  body,  defeat- 
ing his  opponent,  H.  P.  Crosby,  by  765 
votes.  In  politics  Mr.  Smith  is  a  staunch 
Beformer,  and  in  religion  he  belongs  to  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  has  already  made 


792 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


his  mark  in  the  legislature,  and  we  predict 
for  him  a  brilliant  future.  He  is  married 
to  Maria,  daughter  of  William  H.  Allen,  of 
the  township  of  Hope,  and  has  a  family  of 
two  daughters,  one  of  whom  is  married  to 
a  son  of  James  Trow,  M.  P.  for  South  Perth, 
Ontario. 

Gould,  George,  Walkerton,  Ontario, 
was  born  in  Enniskillen,  Ireland,  on  the 
5th  November,  1827,  and  came  to  Canada 
with  his  parents  in  1829.  His  father,  Wil- 
liam Gould,  was  a  lieutenant  of  the  86th 
regiment  of  the  line.  His  grandfather,  who 
died  in  India,  was  also  in  the  Imperial  ser- 
vice and  was  killed  in  one  of  the  battles  of 
the  Mahratta  war.  Mr.  Gould  was  an  only 
son  and  was  educated  at  Nashville,  Tennes- 
see, University,  where  he  received  a  classical 
and  engineering  education.  After  his  col- 
lege course  he  entered  the  service  of  the 
United  States  government  as  chief  clerk 
in  the  post  office  in  Nashville,  which 
position  he  occupied  for  four  years. 
The  insalubrity  of  the  climate,  however, 
compelled  him  to  return  to  Canada  in 
1845,  where  he  followed  up  his  profession 
as  a  surveyor  and  engineer.  Mr.  Gould  was 
one  of  the  first  settlers  in  the  town  of  Arran, 
and  facts  connected  with  his  active  and  ener- 
getic participation  in  the  early  development 
of  that  wealthy  municipality  are  fully  on 
record.  Three  townships  of  Bruce  were 
originally  surveyed  by  him,  namely,  Amabel, 
Albemarle  and  Arran,  and  in  Grey  county 
he  also  surveyed  five  townships.  In  1860, 
Mr.  Gould  was  appointed  second  provisional 
clerk  of  the  provisional  county  of  Bruce, 
and  held  the  position  until  Bruce  became  an 
independent  county,  When  he  was  appoint- 
ed in  1867  the  first  county  clerk,  and  has 
performed  the  duties  of  that  office  uninter- 
ruptedly ever  since.  He  continued  for  a 
few  years  to  follow  his  profession  of  engin- 
eering till  the  duties  of  his  office  became 
such  as  to  require  his  whole  time.  In  1857, 
Mr.  Gould  was  made  a  justice  of  |he  peace; 
he  is  also  a  notary  public  and  a  commis- 
sioner in  the  Queen's  Bench,  and  has  held  a 
number  of  other  important  official  positions. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Gould  is  a  staunch  Conser- 
vative, and  in  religion,  an  earnest  member  of 
the  Methodist  body.  On  the  19th  of  Janu- 
ary, 1855,  Mr.  Gould  became  a  benedict, 
marrying  Elizabeth  Snowden,  of  Owen 
Sound.  He  has  had  by  this  marriage  six 
children,  four  sons  and  two  daughters.  Two 
of  his  sons,  one  a  lawyer  and  the  other  a 


doctor,  both  died  early  in  life.  Had  they 
been  spared,  they  would,  no  doubt,  have 
been  an  ornament  and  credit  to  their  pro- 
fessions. His  daughter,  Minnie,  married 
Dr.  John  Gardner,  who,  at  one  time,  held 
the  position  of  court  physician  to  the  king 
of  the  Fiji  Islands.  Mr.  Gould  is  a  cour- 
teous, talented  and  obliging  man,  thorough- 
ly conversant  with  all  the  details  of  his  bus- 
iness, while  in  private  life  he  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  and  highly  esteemed  citizens 
of  Walkerton. 

IHoore.  Deimi§.  Hamilton.  By  the 
death  of  Mr.  Moore,  on  the  20th  November, 
1887,  the  city  of  Hamilton  lost  one  of  its 
most  prominent,  staunch  and  active  citizens. 
He  was  born  at  Grimsby,  on  the  20th  of 
August,  1817,  and  hence  was  in  his  71st 
year  at  the  time  of  his  demise.  He  came  to 
Hamilton  in  1831,  and  had  resided  here  ever 
since.  Not  long  after  coming  he  was  ap- 
prenticed to  Edward  Jackson,  with  whom 
he  remained  until  he  was  promoted  to  a  part- 
nership in  the  business.  On  the  retirement 
of  Mr.  Jackson,  Mr.  Moore  became  senior 
of  the  firm  of  D.  Moore  &  Co.,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  until  his  death.  His  thorough 
business  habits  and  consequent  success 
generally  drew  him  into  a  number  of  other 
enterprises  in  addition  to  his  own  business. 
Although  never  very  strong  physically,  he 
led  a  very  active  life.  He  was  stock- 
holder and  director  in  several  manufactories, 
banks  and  insurance  companies,  the  princi- 
pal ones  being  the  Canada  Life  Assurance 
Company,  the  Hamilton  Provident  and 
Loan  Society,  the  Bank  of  Hamilton,  the 
Traders  Bank,  the  Canada  Landed  Banking 
and  Loan  Company,  the  Ontario  Cotton 
Company,  the  Hamilton  Bridge  and  Tool 
Company  and  the  Burn-Robinson  Manu- 
facturing Company.  He  was  never  neutral 
or  silent  on  social,  religious  or  educational 
questions,  but  always  threw  himself  into 
movements  that  tended  to  the  upbiiilding  of 
society.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Cen- 
tenary Methodist  Church,  a  class-leader, 
trustee  and  treasurer,  and  it  is  no  exagger- 
ation to  say  that  his  death  caused  a  greater 
blank  there  than  could  be  made  by  the 
death  of  any  other  man  since  the  days  of 
Edward  Jackson.  The  whole  congregation 
was  bereaved  in  his  death,  for  every  interest 
of  the  church  had  his  hearty  assistance  and 
cordial  sympathy.  He  became  a  member 
of  the  church  in  his  boyhood;  and  it  was 
one  of  the  pleasantest  recollections  of  his 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


793 


life,  as  well  a&  an  earnest  of  what  was  to 
come,  that  the  first  sovereign  he  ever  earned 
was  given  to  a  benevolent  object.  Many 
kind  memories  gather  round  his  name, 
not  simply  because  he  was  an  honorable 
and  successful  business  man,  nor  because  of 
his  numerous  and  liberal  contributions  to 
the  various  benevolent  associations,  nor  be- 
cause of  his  long  continued  official  standing 
in  his  church,  nor  because  of  the  promi- 
nent part  that  he  took  in  the  political  wel- 
fare of  Canada,  but  rather  because  that  as  a 
man  he  always  showed  a  practical  sympa- 
thy with  every  movement  for  the  relief  and 
elevation  of  his  fellow-men.  To  secure  his 
co-operation  in  any  movement  one  had  only 
to  show  him  that  it  was  likely  to  do  good. 
He  was  eminently  catholic  in  his  religious 
convictions,  and  had  a  creed  broad  enough 
to  take  in  all  that  loved  the  Saviour  of  the 
world.  It  is  not  claimed  for  him  that  he 
was  a  theologian,  but  such  a  life  as  his  pro- 
claims the  gospel  that  this  world  needs 
most.  He  had  a  profound  conviction  of  the 
truth  of  Christianity,  and  what  it  had  proved 
to  him  he  desired  all  others  to  share.  Hence 
he  was  a  very  liberal  contributor  to  mis- 
sionary objects.  To  that  cause  he  gave 
thousands,  and  his  contributions  were  not 
of  the  spasmodic  or  fitful  kind,  but  steady 
and  on  principle.  It  was  so  with  educa- 
tional matters  also.  When  Canada  had  not 
a  college  for  the  education  and  graduation 
of  young  ladies,  he  united  with  others  in 
the  establishment  of  the  Wesleyan  Ladies' 
College.  He  was  one  of  its  largest  stock- 
holders, and  had  been  president  of  its  board 
for  several  years.  In  his  death,  Victoria 
College  lost  one  of  its  most  liberal  friends. 
For  several  years  he  supported  the  chair  of 
Natural  Science,  and  it  is  understood  that 
he  made  permanent  provision  for  that 
chair.  He  seems  to  have  enjoyed  the  lux- 
ury of  giving — hence  his  work  will  go  on 
and  continue  to  bless  the  generations  yet  to 
come.  But,  wiser  than  many  successful 
men,  he  did  not  leave  for  his  will  his  largest 
donations.  For  years  he  had  been  scatter- 
ing his  bounty,  and  he  enjoyed  the  rare 
S^easure  of  seeing  the  results  of  his  givings. 
any  a  man  much  richer  than  he  has  passed 
away  "  unwept,  unhonored  and  unsung." 
But  tennis  Moore,  in  the  unselfish  out- 
goings of  his  life,  touched  the  city  of  his 
adoption  in  so  many  ways  that  he  left 
a  blank  that  few,  very  few,  men  could  pos- 
sibly fill.  In  politics  Mr.  Moore  was  a  life- 


long Reformer.  He  was  extensively .  en- 
gaged in  manufactures,  and  at  a  time  when 
many  of  his  old  political  and  business  asso- 
ciates were  leaving  the  fold  with  the  hope 
of  making  money  faster,  pressure  was  put 
upon  him  to  do  likewise.  But  Dennis 
Moore  never  wavered.  He  did  not  think 
that  a  business  man  ought  to  look  to  the 
legislature  for  his  profits.  He  let  everbody 
know  where  he  stood,  and  he  worked  harder 
and  subscribed  more  liberally  than  ever  to 
obtain  Eeform  success.  In  1882  he  was  a 
Eeform  candidate,  along  with  Mr.  Irving, 
for  the  House  of  Commons,  but  was  de- 
feated. Mr.  Moore  died  in  the  bosom  of 
his  family.  His  wife  and  children  were 
present.  He  had  four  daughters  and 
one  son :  Mrs.  W.  A.  Eobinson,  Mrs.  Charles 
Black,  Mrs.  W.H.  Glassco,  Mary  Moore,  and 
Edward  J.  Moore. 

Holland,  Hon.  Jean  Baptist  e, 
Montreal,  was  born  at  Vercheres,  Quebec, 
on  the  2nd  January,  1815.  His  grandfather 
came  from  France  over  a  century  ago,  and 
his  father,  Pierre  Holland,  was  born  at  Ver- 
cheres, so  that  it  can  be  seen  that  the  family 
come  of  an  old  and  honored  ancestry.  His 
mother,  Euphrasine  Donais,  of  the  parish  of 
Contrecosur,  was  also  a  member  of  an  old 
French-Canadian  family.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  educated  in  the  parish 
school  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  but  when  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  determined  to  seek  his  for- 
tune elsewhere,  and  possessed  of  indomita- 
ble pluck  and  energy,  and  with  only  twenty 
five  cents  ready  cash  in  his  pocket,  he  set  out 
for  Montreal.  Although  he  was  friendless 
and  alone,  he  soon  made  some  headway, 
entering  the  office  of  La  Minerve  as  an  ap- 
prentice to  the  printing  trade,  and  afterwards 
worked  for  some  years  on  the  Courrier. 
In  1842,  Mr.  Eolland  started  in  the  book, 
paper  and  fancy  goods  trades,  and  the  firm 
of  J.  B.  Eolland  &  Fils,  has  for  many  years 
past  been  favorably  known  to  the  trade  of 
the  entire  Dominion  as  extensive  dealers  in 
home  manufactures,  as  well  as  large  im- 
porters of  French,  German  and  English 
fancy  goods,  with  a  very  large  paper  mill 
at  St.  Jerome.  Leaving  the  active  manage- 
ment of  the  mercantile  business  in  the 
hands  of  his  sons,  Mr.  Eolland  entered  ex- 
tensively into  the  real  estate  business,  buy- 
ing valuable  properties  in  the  city  of  Mon- 
treal, besides  acquiring  extensive  tracts  of 
land  in  the  adjoining  village  of  Hochelaga. 
He  built  largely  on  his  lands,  both  in  Mon- 


794 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


treal  and  Hochelaga,  acting  as  his  own 
architect  as  well  as  contractor;  and  his 
success  is  an  excellent  illustration  of  the 
fact  that  money  can  always  be  made 
through  judicious  investments  in  real  estate. 
In  politics  Mr.  Holland  was  always  a  pro- 
nounced Conservative,  rendering  valuable 
aid  to  his  party,  and  his  services  in  this  re- 
spect were  recognised  by  his  being  called 
to  the  Dominion  Senate  in  1887,  in  succes- 
sion to  the  late  Senator  Senecal.  In  March 
of  this  year  (1888),  the  honorable  gentle- 
man was  taken  suddenly  ill  at  his  residence 
in  Montreal,  and  despite  prompt  and  skil- 
ful medical  attendance,  died  on  the  22nd 
March,  deeply  regretted  by  a  large  circle 
of  public  and  private  friends.  Mr.  Holland 
took  an  active  interest  in  municipal  affairs, 
having  been  alderman  for  East  Montreal 
ward  for  nine  years,  and  a  magistrate  since 
1855.  He  was  always  prompt  in  identify- 
ing himself  with  any  movement  likely  to 
build  up  the  city  of  his  adoption,  and  was 
at  various  times  president  of  the  Board  of 
Trade  and  Manufactures,  and  of  the  St. 
Jean  Baptiste  Society;  a  director  of  the 
Citizens'  Insurance  Company,  and  one  of  the 
harbor  commissioners.  Although  himself 
a  Koman  Catholic,  Mr.  Holland  was  one  of 
these  gentle,  conciliatory  spirits,  who  was  on 
the  most  cordial  terms  with  all  classes — not 
only  in  politics,  but  in  religion.  He  was 
married  in  1839,  to  Esther  Dufresne,  of  St. 
Laurent,  and  had  issue  twelve  children,  six 
sons  and  six  daughters,  four  of  each  still 
living. 

Drysdale,  William,  Bookseller,  Mon- 
treal, was  born  in  the  city  of  Montreal  on 
the  17th  of  April,  1847.  His  father,  Adam 
Drysdale,  was  a  native  of  Dunfermline, 
Scotland,  settled  in  Canada  many  years 
ago,  and  for  a  long  time  held  a  position  in 
the  civil  service  of  Canada,  conferred  upon 
him  by  the  late  Lord  Elgin.  His  grand- 
father was  one  of  the  first  persons  to  engage 
in  the  shipping  trade  between  Scotland 
and  Canada,  especially  to  the  port  of  Mon- 
treal. William  Drysdale,  the  subject  of 
our  sketch,  was  educated  at  Montreal,  in 
the  school  conducted  by  Mr.  Hicks,  who 
afterwards  became  the  first  principal  of  the 
Normal  School  in  that  city.  Here  he  re- 
ceived a  thorough  commercial  training,  but 
owing  to  the  serious  illness  of  his  father  at 
the  time,  he  was  prevented  from  taking  a 
classical  course.  After  leaving  school  he  en- 
tered the  office  of  the  late  John  Dougall, 


who  was  then  publishing  the  Weekly  Wit- 
ness, and  also  carrying  on  a  book  business. 
Young  Drysdale  was  given  almost  the  en- 
tire charge  of  the  book  branch,  which  he 
conducted  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  em- 
ployer. After  a  short  time  he  entered 
the  service  of  another  bookseller,  Mr  Graf- 
ton,  with  whom  he  remained  for  ten  years, 
and  was  the  confidential  manager  of  the 
firm.  In  1874  he  commenced  business  on 
his  own  account,  and  owing  to  his  early 
training  and  urbanity  of  manner  soon  ac- 
quired a  business  that  is  now  second  to 
none  in  the  Dominion.  His  business  rela- 
tions extend  from  Gasp^  to  British  Colum- 
bia. He  has  already  published  a  number 
of  important  Canadian  works  that  are  of 
great  value,  in  a  historical  sense,  to  the  coun- 
try at  large.  Mr.  Drysdale,  having  strictly 
confined  himself  to  business,  has  not  had 
much  time  to  devote  to  political  affairs.  He 
is  in  no  sense  a  party  man,  but  he  takes  a 
broad  view  of  things  generally.  As  a  pri- 
vate citizen  he,  however,  always  takes  an 
active  part  in  whatever  tends  to  improve 
his  native  city  and  help  his  fellow-citizens. 
He  is  on  the  executive  of  the  following : — 
Society  for  the  Protection  of  Women  and 
Children,  the  Dominion  Temperance  Alli- 
ance, Boys'  Home  (of  which  he  is  trea- 
surer), Numismatic  and  Antiquarian  So- 
ciety, a  life  member  of  the  Mechanics'  In- 
stitute, governor  of  the  Montreal  Dispen- 
sary, and  is  one  of  the  most  active  pro- 
moters of  the  Protestant  Hospital  for  the 
Insane.  Mr.  Drysdale  is  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  and  is  a  superintend- 
ent of  one  of  the  Sunday  schools.  He  was 
married  in  1888  to  Mary  Mathie  Wales, 
daughter  of  the  late  Charles  Wales,  mer- 
chant, of  St.  Andrews  East.  Duncan  Mac- 
Gregor  Crerar,  a  New  York  poet,  sums  up 
Mr.  Drysdale's  character  in  the  following 
lines : — 

Some  are  while  careful  of  their  own  affairs, 
And  when  successfully  amassing  wealth, 
Who  oft  times  will  withdraw  as  if  by  stealth, 

To  render  good  to  others  unawares. 

Well  known  to  them  the  haunts  of  poverty, 
Clothed  are  the  naked,  and  the  hungry  fed, 
Oft  take  they  place  beside  the  patient's  bed, 

To  cheer  sad  hours  ;  to  soothe  keen  agony. 

These  are  earth's  salt— they  labor  with  a  ipind, 
Distress  relieving,  lessening  human  woe  ; 
In  all  their  actions  earnest,  gentle,  kind, 

Leaving  sweet  impress  whereso'er  they  go. 

Theirs  -Heaven's  reward ;    a  crown  upon   each 
brow, 

Warm  hearted  DRYSDALE  !  such  a  man  art  thou  ! 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


795 


Van  Koughnet,  S.  J.,  Q.C.,  Toronto, 
Ontario. — The  subject  of  this  sketch,  born 
in  the  year  1832,  or  1833,  was  a  young- 
er, though  now  the  oldest  surviving,  son 
of  the  late  Hon.  Colonel  Van  Koughnet, 
of  Cornwall,  for  many  years  a  member 
of  both  legislatures  of  old  Canada,  who 
had  seen  service  in  the  war  of  1812,  and 
afterwards  commanded  a  regiment  at  the 
battle  of  Prescott  in  1837,  as  also  at  the  Cot- 
eau,  of  which  regiment,  when  put  on  an  Im- 
perial footing,  he  retained  command  until 
disbanded  several  years  subsequently.  The 
Van  Koughnet  family  is  probably  one  of  the 
oldest  in  the  country.  Their  native  place  was 
Colmar,  Alsace,  from  which  they  emigrated 
in  1750,  coming  to  the  present  United  States 
of  America,  and  settling  in  Massachusetts,  on 
the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Springfield — 
the  Woolwich  of  that  country,  that  city  in 
fact  being  built  upon  their  property.  In  the 
war  of  1783  they  maintained  their  allegiance 
to  the  British  crown,  and  the  grandfather 
of  the  subject  of  the  present  sketch  was 
accordingly  proscribed  by  the  United  States 
government,  his  property  confiscated,  and 
he  obliged,  with  many  others,  to  flee 
the  country  or  take  the  consequences  of  a 
price  having  been  set  upon  his  head.  He 
accordingly  left  with  his  wife  and  two  in- 
fant children,  taking  an  Indian  for  his  guide, 
and  crossed  in  the  depth  of  winter  to  Brit- 
ish territory,  striking  Cornwall,  in  the 
county  of  Stormount,  then  a  wilderness,  with 
the  exception  of  a  few  Dutch  settlers  who 
had  found  their  way  thither.  The  original 
name  was  von  Gochnat,  which  subsquently 
became  corrupted  into  van  Koughnet,  the 
prefix  of  which,  van,  is  Dutch,  and  the 
•change  was  brought  about  by  contact  with 
the  Dutch  residents,  who  did  not  understand 
the  German  von,  and  was  acquiesced  in  by 
the  family,  who  seemed  to  have  little  anxiety 
for  anything,  in  their  straightened  condi- 
tion, than  finding  the  ready  means  of  sub- 
sistence for  themselves.  S.  J.  Van  Koughnet 
was  named  after  his  uncle,  the  Eev.  J.  J.  S. 
Mountain,  brother  of  the  late  bishop  of  Que- 
bec, Mr.  Van  Koughnet  was  in  the  first  place 
educated  in  the  same  old  school-house  in 
Cornwall  where  the  late  Bishop  Strachan 
had  educated  his  father,  the  late  Sir  John 
Eobinson,  Sir  James  McCauley,  Chief 
Justice  McLean,  Judge  Hagerman,  and 
many  others  of  Canada's  noted  men.  Mr. 
Van  Koughnet  then  matriculated  at  Trin- 
ity University,  being  one  of  its  earliest  stu- 


dents, having  taken  a  scholarship  as  a  result 
of  his  matriculation  examination.  There 
he  was  a  very  hard  worker,  taking,  as  shown 
by  the  university  calendar,  prize  after  prize, 
and  graduating  in  first-class  honors  in  clas- 
sics in  1854,  having  been  sent  the  Oxford 
degree  examination  papers  for  that  year. 
He  had  also  previously  in  that  year  taken 
the  English  essay  prize  which  in  England 
is  the  most  coveted  of  all,  and  he  was  gold 
medallist  as  a  result  of  his  degree  examina- 
tion. Mr.  Van  Koughnet  had  been  origi- 
nally, like  his  late  brother,  the  chancellor, 
intended  for  the  church,  and  went  through 
the  usual  divinity  course  with  that  view. 
He  subsequently,  however,  like  him  changed 
his  mind,  chiefly  it  is  said  in  consequence 
of  a  dread  of  the  grave  responsibility  of 
the  office.  This  it  is  also  said  he  ever  after- 
wards regretted,  though  some  of  his  friends 
believed  it  was  well  he  did,  as  his  very 
advanced  views  were  unsuited  to  this  coun- 
try, and  his  course  in  church  politics  it  was 
thought,  when  party  warfare  ran  high  in 
the  church  in  this  diocese,  fully  justified  this 
opinion.  In  these,  at  the  time  indicated,  he 
might  have  said  of  himself,  "  Magna  pars 
fuV  He  was  noted  for  his  unswerving  fidel- 
ity to  his  friends  and  loyalty  to  the  church 
and  her  doctrines  as  he  claimed  to  under- 
stand them.  When  those  troublous  times 
happily  came  to  an  end,  on  the  election  of 
the  present  bishop  (Sweetman),  whom  he 
agreed  loyally  to  support,  though  he 
humbly  differed  from  him  in  his  views  on 
several  cardinal  points,  Mr.  Van  Koughnet 
at  once  retired  from  church  politics,  and 
never  afterwards  appeared  in  the  synod, 
where  he  had  been  for  twenty  years  so  well 
known,  and  where,  though  seldom  taking  a 
conspicuous  part  in  debate,  he  was  not  the 
less  attentively  listened  to  when  he  did.  On 
giving  up  the  church  Mr.  Van  Koughnet 
studied  law,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  in 
1859,  and  entered  into  partnership  with  his 
late  brother,  M.  R.  Van  Koughnet.  On 
his  first  appearance  in  court  he  was  con- 
gratulated by  the  late  C.  J.  Draper  on  the 
eloquence  of  his  address  to  the  jury  in 
opening  a  case  for  malicious  proscution, 
in  which  he  obtained  a  verdict  for  his  client. 
After  a  few  years  he  dissolved  his  connec- 
tion with  his  brother,  and  did  a  large  busi- 
ness alone,  then  confining  himself  principal- 
ly to  equity,  where  he  soon  acquired  a  lucra- 
tive practice.  He  had  not  long  been  practis- 
ing there  before  he  was  appointed  by  the  late 


796 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


V.  C.  Esten  guardian  of  infants  in  that 
court,  and  among  the  most  perplexing  cases 
of  the  kind  he  ever  had  to  do  with  was  that 
of  the  late  Mrs.  Ellis,  daughter  of  the  late 
highly  respected  Peter  Paterson,  whom, 
when  only  sixteen  or  seventeen  years  of  age 
and  then  a  ward  of  the  court,  the  late  Mr. 
Ellis,  the  well-known  King  street  jeweller, 
married  without  the  consent  of  the  court. 
This  had  always  been  considered,  and  very 
properly,  an  offence,  and  contempt  of  court, 
and  Mr.  Van  Koughnet,  who  was  then  act- 
ing for  her,  felt  bound  in  the  exercise  of 
his  official  duty,  however  reluctantly,  to 
bring  the  matter  before  the  notice  of  the 
court  and  ask  for  direction  as  to  the  course 
to  be  pursued.  The  presiding  judge  on 
this  occasion  happened  to  be  his  own  bro- 
ther, the  late  chancellor,  who  heard  the 
statement  of  facts  and,  with  that  kindness 
of  heart  so  characteristic  of  him,  having 
known  both  families  for  many  years,  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  young  lady  would 
be  properly  cared  for,  and,  her  property 
being  judiciously  settled,  that  there  was  no 
occasion  for  rigidly  enforcing  the  rule  of 
the  court,  and  so  allowed  the  matter  to  drop. 
This  appointment  Mr.  Van  Koughnet  held 
for  some  years,  when  he  was  deprived  of 
it  in  some  mysterious  way  he  could  never 
exactly  discover,  and  the  present  guardian, 
J.  Hoskin,  succeeded  him.  He  spoke  to 
his  brother  the  chancellor  on  this  sub- 
ject, but  he  from  obvioiis  motives,  declined 
to  interfere,  though  expressing  himself 
strongly  on  the  subject  at  the  time.  In 
1864  Mr.  Van  Koughnet  was  appointed  le- 
gal reporter  to  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
and  soon  achieved  a  reputation  for  himself, 
not  only  for  the  ability  with  which  he  con- 
ducted his  reports,  but  for  the  wonderful 
dispatch  with  which  he  issued  them.  Hith- 
erto there  had  been  great  and  it  was 
thought  inexcusable  delay  in  the  publica- 
tion of  the  reports  of  this  court,  and  Mr. 
Van  Koughnet  was  determined  that  the 
reproach  should  be  speedily  removed,  and 
so  it  wafe;  and  he  has  ever  since  been  noted 
for  the  same  characteristics  in  connection 
with  the  reports,  both  as  reporter  of  that 
court  and  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench, 
which  he  now  holds,  in  succession  to 
Christopher  Robinson,  Q.C.,  with  whom  as 
fellow  reporter  he  worked  for  several  years. 
Indeed,  his  present  serious  illness,  which  at 
the  moment  of  writing  we  regret  to  learn 
is  likely  to  become  still  more  serious,  is 


largely  attributable,  his  medical  attendants 
we  understand  state,  to  over-devotion  to  his 
work  at  Osgoode  Hall,  which  it  is  said  he 
should  have  abandoned  long  before  he  at 
last  consented ,  when  probably  too  late,  so 
to  do.  It  was  thought  by  many  of  his 
friends  that  Mr.  Van  Koughnet  was  unwise 
to  bury  himself,  as  in  their  opinion  he  was 
doing,  in  the  mere  literary  work  of  the  pro- 
fession, as  that  of  a  reporter  is  said  to  im- 
ply, and  that  he  should  have  thrown  him- 
self more  into  the  active  work  of  the  bar, 
for  which  his  undoubted  talents  and  his 
display  of  forensic  ability  on  several  occa- 
sions amply  fitted  him;  but  his  inclinations 
were  always  of  a  literary  tendency,  and  he 
has  been  heard  to  say  that  he  could  not 
condescend  to  many  of  the  tricks  and  al- 
most dishonesties  which  seemed  insepar- 
able from  the  successful  career  of  a  nisi 
prius  counsel  in  particular.  These  consi- 
derations, and  the  demands  of  a  rapidly 
increasing  family  upon  his  purse  decided  him 
upon  accepting  the  more  quiet  but  congenial 
position  of  reporter  to  the  courts;  besides, 
as  he  used  to  say,  he  got  rid  of  the  pro- 
fanum  vulgus  in  the  shape  of  clients.  In 
politics  Mr.  Van  Koughnet  was  always  a 
strong  Conservative,  but,  though  no  family 
was  ever  better  entitled  to  it,  he  neither 
sought,  it  is  said,  nor  ever  received  govern- 
ment patronage  of  any  kind,  unless,  in- 
deed, having  acted  as  secretary  to  the  cele- 
brated Royal  commission  in  connection 
with  the  Pacific  Railway  investigation  is  to 
be  looked  upon  as  partaking  of  that  char- 
acter. For  that  position,  however,  he  was 
designated  by  the  late  Hon.  J.  H.  Cameron, 
and  suddenly  called  to  Ottawa  by  telegram, 
hardly  knowing  for  what.  The  duties  of 
the  office  in  question  he  discharged  with 
marked  ability,  though  he  had  never  before 
acted  in  a  similar  capacity,  largely  assist- 
ing in  organising  the  whole  work  of  the 
commission,  advising  on  difficult  questions 
of  law  as  they  arose,  and  drawing  from  the 
commissioners  at  the  conclusion  of  his  work 
a  flattering  testimonial,  from  which  what  is 
above  written  has  been  in  fact  taken.  The 
report  of  that  celebrated  investigation  was 
drawn  by  him,  and  was  considered  a  high- 
ly able  document,  covering,  as  it  did,  many 
pages  of  an  octavo  pamphlet.  Mr.  Van 
Koughnet,  we  have  heard,  bitterly  regretted 
having  given  up  his  original  intention  of 
taking  orders;  in  fact  it  was  said  he  con- 
sidered many  a  disappointment  in  after 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


797 


life  and  many  a  sorrow  but  the  consequence 
of  his  change  of  intention  in  that  respect. 
Among  the  several  distinctions  he  was 
honored  with  were  those  of  M.A.,  D.O.L. 
(by  examination),  and  Q.C.,  which  he  was 
created  some  five  years  ago.  Most  markedly 
belonging  to  the  old  school  in  social  life, 
now  fast  dying  out  in  Canada — shall  we  not 
say  on  many  accounts  to  be  regretted? — 
Mr.  Van  Koughnet  for  many  years  past  has 
been  little  seen  in  society,  which  he  seemed 
to  avoid,  though  of  a  most  genial  nature 
and  with  a  vein  of  humor  not  alien  to  the 
family.  His  bearing  to  all,  whether  high  or 
low,  was  ever  courteous  and  obliging ;  and 
at  Osgoode  Hall,  where  he  was  perhaps  best 
known,  he  was  a  recognised  favorite,  par- 
ticularly among  the  younger  bar,  with 
whom  in  his  position  as  reporter  he  was 
necessarily  much  brought  into  contact,  and 
to  whom  he  always  lent  a  ready  and  sym- 
pathetic ear.  Mr.  Van  Koughnet  married 
in  early  life,  and  whilst  still  a  student,  a 
daughter  of  the  late  Senator  Seymour.  Six 
children  comprise  his  family,  his  eldest 
daughter  being  married  to  Albert  Nord- 
heimer,  of  Toronto,  and  two  younger  daugh- 
ters to  the  only  son  of  Sir  John  Macdonald 
and  Rev.  Canon  Machray,  of  St.  John's  Col- 
lege, Winnipeg,  respectively.  His  fourth 
daughter  is  still  unmarried,  and  two  sons 
are  engaged  in  banking  business.  It  may 
be  added  that  the  learned  gentleman's  chil- 
dren are  noted  for  their  almost  phenomenal 
beauty. 

,rNoTE. — The  above  facts  were  with  diffi- 
culty secured  from  Mr.  Van  Koughnet's 
family,  by  whom  access  was  given,  after 
more  than  one  application,  to  several  old 
family  documents,  from  which  the  particu- 
lars were  obtained.] 

Aikiiis,  William  T.,  M.D.,  LL.D., 
Dean  of  the  Medical  Faculty  of  Toronto 
University,  was  born  in  the  county  of  Peel, 
Ontario,  on  the  4th  of  June,  1827.  His 
father,  James  Aikins,  emigrated  from  the 
county  of  Monaghan,  Ireland,  to  Philadel- 
phia, in  the  year  1816,  and  after  a  residence 
of  four  years  there  removed  to  Upper  Can- 
ada with  his  family,  and  purchased  a  quan- 
tity of  land  in  the  first  concession  north  of 
the  Dundas  road,  in  the  township  of  Toron- 
to, about  thirteen  miles  from  the  town  of 
York.  This  was  over  sixty-seven  years  ago, 
when  that  township,  like  nearly  every  other 
part  of  the  province,  was  sparsely  settled, 
and  there  was  not  a  church  or  place  of  wor- 


ship in  the  neighborhood;  the  itinerant 
Methodist  preacher  being  the  only  expon- 
ent of  the  Gospel  to  the  people.  Mr. 
Aikins,  like  the  greater  part  of  the  immi- 
grants from  the  north  of  Ireland,  had  been 
brought  up  in  the  Presbyterian  faith,  but 
soon  after  settling  in  Peel  he  joined  the 
Methodist  body,  and  his  house  became  a 
well  known  place  of  meeting  for  worship 
among  the  people  of  the  settlement.  Dr. 
Aikins  received  his  education,  like  his  bro- 
ther, the  Hon.  James  Cox  Aikins,  the  lieu- 
tenant-governor of  Manitoba,  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  neighborhood,  and  afterwards 
attended  Victoria  College,  Cobourg.  After 
passing  through  that  university  he  remov- 
ed to  Toronto,  where  he  took  up  the  study 
of  medicine,  and  was  granted  a  license  to 
practise  in  1849.  He,  however,  to  better 
fit  himself  for  his  important  calling  went  to 
Philadelphia  and  entered  the  Philadelphia 
College  of  Medicine,  and  graduated  in  1850 
with  the  degree  of  M.D.  On  his  return  to 
Toronto  Dr.  Aikins  soon  began  to  take  a 
foremost  position  in  the  profession,  especi- 
ally in  surgery,  and  is  now  one  of  the  lead- 
ing surgeons  of  the  present  day.  He  is  one  . 
of  the  first  members  of  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  and  has  been  the 
treasurer  of  the  same  since  its  foundation. 
For  about  twenty-four  years  he  was  one  of 
the  medical  staff  of  the  Toronto  General 
Hospital,  and  is  now  consulting  surgeon  of  : 
the  same  institution.  He  also  holds  the  \ 

C'tion  of  surgeon  to  the  Central  Prison, 
3nto.  But  it  is  in  his  connection  with  the 
Toronto  School  of  Medicine  that  Dr.  Aik- 
ins has  most  signally  distinguished  himself. 
He  has  been  one  of  its  faculty  from  its  in- 
ception, first  as  professor  of  anatomy,  and 
subsequently  on  surgery,  as  well  as  dean  of 
the  faculty.  For  thirty-eight  years  Dr. 
Aikins  has  been  engaged  in  assisting  the 
yonng  members  of  the  profession  to  qualify 
themselves  for  the  duties  of  life;  and  in 
order  that  he  might  be  the  better  enabled 
to  accomplish  this,  he  took  a  trip  <  o  the 
principal  seats  of  learning  in  Great  Britain 
and  the  continent  of  Europe,  so  as  to  study 
the  latest  scietific  methods  of  treatment  and 
see  experiments  performed  that  would  be  of 
benefit  to  his  pupils  on  his  return.  The 
question  of  organizing  a  medical  faculty  to 
the  University  of  Toronto  having  become  a 
public  matter,  Dr.  Aikins  and  the  faculty  of 
the  Toronto  School  of  Medicine  were  invited 
by  the  senate  to  amalgamate  their  school 


798 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


and  become  part  of  our  national  university. 
This,  after  mature  consideration,  was  ac- 
ceded to,  and  in  the  fall  of  1887  Toronto 
School  of  Medicine  ceased  to  exist  as  a 
separate  institution,  and  is  now  an  in- 
tegral part  of  Toronto  University,  Dr.  Aik- 
ins  being  elected  dean  of  the  medical  faculty 
and  professor  of  surgery  in  the  new  medical 
branch  of  the  university.  In  1884  his  alma 
mater,  Victoria  University,  conferred  upon 
him  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  In 
religion  he  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  every- 
thing that  helps  to  advance  her  interests. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Reformer. 

Mackenzie,  Jolui  Hills,  Mayor  of 
Moncton,  New  Brunswick,  was  born  at 
Moncton,  county  of  Westmoreland,  N.B., 
on  the  27th  April,  1825.  He  is,  on  the  pa- 
ternal side,  of  Scotch  descent,  his  grand- 
father having  come  from  Scotland  many 
years  ago,  and  settled  in  the  maritime  pro- 
vinces. His  father,  William  Mackenzie, 
was  born  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  and  his 
mother,  Charlotte  Mills,  of  English  descent, 
first  saw  the  light  in  Moncton,  having  been 
the  first  child  by  English  parents  born  in 
the  locality  in  which  her  father  and  mother 
resided  after  coming  from  Poughkeepsie, 
state  of  New  York,  at  the  close  of  the 
American  revolutionary  war.  Mr.  Macken- 
zie was  educated  at  Moncton,  and  received 
a  sound  English  course.  When  quite  a 
young  man  he  started  out  in  life  and  was 
engaged  from  1842  to  1851  as  a  school 
teacher  in  his  native  county  and  the  adjoin- 
ing county  of  Albert  ;  and  afterwards  he 
engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  for  a  period 
of  nine  years.  He  then  became  deputy- 
sheriff  of  Westmoreland  county,  and  from 
1861  to  1867  held  this  office,  and  became 
curator  of  the  Westmoreland  bank — having 
been  appointed  to  that  position  by  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  New  Brunswick — and  wound 
up  its  affairs.  Subsequently  he  was  ap- 
pointed official  assignee  by  the  Dominion 
government  under  the  then  Insolvency  Act. 
He  was  by  the  local  government  appointed 
to  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  and  com- 
missioner for  taking  special  bail,  and  for 
taking  affidavits  to  be  read  in  the  Supreme 
Court.  Mr.  Mackenzie  took  an  active 
part  in  the  purchase  of  the  Moncton  Tan- 
nery Company's  property,  and  assisted  in 
the  organization  of  a  new  company  which 
was  successfully  operated  until  its  property 
was  destroyed  by  fire.  The  company  im- 


mediately rebuilt  its  premises,  but  before 
the  expiration  of  the  second  year  the  build- 
ing was  again  destroyed  by  fire,  when  the 
company  paid  their  liabilities  in  full  and 
gave  up  business.  After  this  he  helped  to 
organize  the  following  companies,  namely  : 
The  Moncton  Gas-Light  and  Water  Com- 
pany, the  Moncton  Sugar  Refining  Com- 
pany, and  the  Moncton  Cotton  Manufac- 
turing Company,  all  of  which  have  since 
been  successfully  carried  on.  Mr.  Macken- 
zie is  connected  with  the  Masonic  brother- 
hood, and  is  a  member  of  Keith  Lodger 
and  also  of  the  Botsford  Royal  Arch  Chap- 
ter, both  of  which  he  helped  to  organize* 
He  has  occupied  the  position  of  town  coun- 
cillor for  several  terms  ;  and  was  elected  to 
the  position  of  mayor  of  the  town  in  March, 
1887,  and  this  honorable  position  he  still 
occupies.  He  is  one  of  Moncton's  most 
spirited  citizens,  and  takes  great  interest  in 
every  movement  that  has  for  its  object  the 
moral  and  material  interests  of  its  inhabi- 
tants. In  religion  he  belongs  to  the  Bap- 
tist denomination.  On  the  3rd  April,  1855, 
he  was  married  to  Sarah  Caroline  Cornwall, 
who  is  of  English  loyalist  descent. 

Gibbon§,  Robert,  Goderich,  Sheriff 
of  the  County  of  Huron,  belongs  to  an  old 
Birmingham  family  (of  England),  where  his 
father,  William  Gibbons,  and  his  ancestors 
for  several  generations,  were  born,  though 
he  himself  dates  his  birth  to  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, December  the  24th,  1811.  His  father 
was  an  ingenious  machinist,  and  was  engag- 
ed for  years  in  turning,  finishing  and  fitting 
up  machinery.  The  maiden  name  of  the 
Sheriff's  mother  was  MargaretM.  McDonald, 
who  was  born  in  Scotland.  In  June,  1820, 
the  family  left  the  old  world  for  Canada, 
landing  at  Quebec  in  August,  and  settled  on 
land  in  the  county  of  Lanark.  About  four 
hundred  persons  came  out  on  the  same  ves- 
sel from  Glasgow,  and  made  their  home  in  the 
same  county,  each  head  of  the  family  having 
received  100  acres  of  land  from  the  govern- 
ment, on  condition  that  they  would  occupy 
and  improve  it.  Robert  aided  his  father  in 
clearing  a  farm  there.  In  1827,  he  went  with 
the  family  to  Pottsdam,  St.  Lawrence  coun- 
ty, New  York,  where  he  spent  five  years  in 
cultivating  the  soil,  and  where  he  received 
most  of  his  education.  On  leaving  here  on 
16th  May,  1832,  he  reached  Goderich,  walk- 
ing all  the  way  from  Toronto,  a  distance  of 
135  miles.  The  place  then  contained  about 
two  hundred  and  fifty  inhabitants,  and  he 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


799 


has  seen  it  expand  into  a  town   of  about 
six  thousand  people.     When  Mr.  Gibbons 
reached  this  point  he  had  but  a  few  dollars 
left,  but  he  had  the  wealth' of   a  sound  con- 
stitution, two  hands  already  toil-hardened, 
and  a  disposition  to  use  them  to  good  ad- 
vantage.    After  working  a  few  months  at 
farming,  he  opened  a   meat  shop,  and   for 
sixteen  years  was  a  butcher  and  cattle  buy- 
er, in  which  he  proved  himself  a  very  ener- 
getic business  man.     After  a  short  time,  he 
again  turned  his  attention  to  farming  and 
stock-raising,  which  he   continued  until  a 
few  years  ago.     When  the  rebellion  broke 
out  he  went  into  the  militia  as  a  sergeant, 
and  retired  in  March.  1838,    a  lieutenant. 
In  1867  Mr.  Gibbons  was  elected  to  the 
Ontario    legislature,    to    represent    South 
Huron ;  lost  his  seat  during  the  second  ses- 
sion; was  re-elected  in  1871,  serving  two  ses- 
sions, and  in  November,  1872,  resigned,  and 
accepted  the  shrievalty  of  the  county,  which 
position  he  still  holds,  and  is  an  efficient 
and  obliging  officer.     In  politics  he  is   a 
Reformer,    and  has  spent  much  time  and 
money  for  the  benefit  of  the  cause  and  in 
disseminating  the  principles  of  his  party. 
Mr.  Gibbons  has  done  an  unusual  amount 
of  work  in  the  town  and  county  municipali- 
ties.   Commencing  in  the  district  council  in 
1848,  he  served  as  reeve  nearly  twenty  years, 
and  warden   thirteen   years  *  in   succession, 
first  in  the  united  counties  of  Huron  and 
Bruce,  then  of  Huron  alone.     He  was  elect- 
ed mayor  in  1853,  1854  and  1855,  and  his 
labors  in  the  town  and  county  have  been  of 
great  value  to  the  community.     In  1868  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Agri- 
culture   and  Arts  Association  of  Ontario, 
and  served  in  that  position  for  nine  years. 
He  was  vice-president  in  1873,  and  president, 
in  1874,  and  his  address  the  latter  year  was 
ordered  to  be  printed  in  pamphlet  form,  and 
was  widely  distributed.     He  is  an  adherent 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  is  one  of  the 
most  liberal  supporters  of  the  gospel  in  God- 
erich,  and  has  assisted  many  houses  of  wor- 
ship in  the  county  as  well  as  in  the  town. 
Although  he  has  been  always  a  hard-work- 
ing man,  and  is  now  well  up  in  years,  yet  he 
is  well  preserved ;  has  a  cheerful  disposition, 
and  a  good  share  of  bonhomie,  which  quali- 
ties shorten  no  one's  days.     He  has  been 
twice  married,  first  in  November,  1835,  to 
Jane  Wilson,  of  Cumberland,  England,  who 
died  in  May,  1873,  leaving  five  children,  one 
of  whom  shortly  afterwards  died;  another, 


:he  only  son,  dying  in  February,  1879.  His 
second  marriage  took  place  in  June,  1874, 
to  Alice.  Eoddy,  also  from  England. 

Robert§on,  Hon.  Thoina§,  Ham- 
ilton, Ontario,  Judge  of  Chancery  Division, 
High  Court  of  Justice,  was  born  in  the 
village  of  Ancaster,  on  the  25th  January, 
1827.  At  that  time  Ancaster  was  the  most 
important  business  centre  west  of  York. 
His  father,  the  late  Alexander  .Robertson,  of 
Goderich,  a  remote  descendant  of  the  clan 
Donnachie,  came  to  Canada  in  1820,  from 
Foxbar,  in  Renfrewshire,  which  had  been 
the  home  of  his  family  for  several  gener- 
ations, since  the  time  when  the  misfortunes 
of  Prince  Charles,  having  proved  the  ruin  of 
so  many  of  his  adherents,  not  a  few  of  the 
Robertsons  had  left  their  beloved  Rannoch 
to  seek  for  better  fortunes  in  the,  to  them, 
unwontedly  peaceful  pursuits  of  the  low- 
lands. He  was  married  in  1824  to  Matilda, 
eldest  daughter  of  Col.  Titus  Geir  Simons, 
high  sheriff  of  the  old  Gore  district,  who 
had  served  in  command  of  his  regiment  in 
the  war  of  1812-13,  and  fought  at  Lundy's 
Lane,  where  he  was  dangerously  wounded. 
Of  this  marriage  the  Hon.  Mr.  Robertson  is 
the  eldest  child.  He  was  educated  at  the  Lon- 
don and  Huron  District  Grammar  Schools 
and  the  University  of  Toronto  ;  studied  law 
under  the  late  Hon.  John  Hilly ard  Cameron ; 
became  an  attorney  in  1849,  was  called  to 
the  bar  of  Upper  Canada  in  1852  ;  became 
a  Queen's  counsel  under  patent  from  the 
Earl  of  Dufferin,  governor- general  in  1873, 
and  a  bencher  of  the  Law  Society  of  Ontario, 
in  1874.  He  began  his  professional  career 
at  Dundas,  whence  he  subsequently  removed 
to  Hamilton,  where  he  enjoyed  a  large 
practice,  and  a  widely  extended  reputation 
as  a  leading  nisi  prius  advocate.  He  was 
the  first  Crown  attorney  for  Wentworth,  and 
remained  such  until  1863,  when  he  was 
superseded  by  the  appointment  by  Sandfield 
Macdonald  of  the  late  S.  B.  Freeman,  Q.C., 
to  the  clerkship  of  the  peace,  whereby  he 
became  also  ex-offlcio  Crown  attorney.  At 
the  first  general  election  after  Confeder- 
ation, Mr.  Robertson  contested  South 
Wentworth  with  Mr.  Rymal,  the  then  sitting 
member  for  that  constituency,  at  whose 
hands  he  suffered  defeat  by  a  majority  of 
twenty-seven  votes.  Mr.  Robertson  and 
his  colleague  F.  E.  Kilvert,  now  collector  of 
Customs  for  Hamilton,  were  elected  at  the 
general  election  of  1878,  in  opposition  to 
Mr.  Irving,  Q.C.,  and  Mr.  Wood,  the  late 


800 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


members,  to  the  representation  of  the  con- 
stituency for  which  they  were  then  returned, 
at  the  general  election  in  1882,  and  contin- 
ued to  represent  that  city  until  his  elevation 
to  the  Bench  of  the  High  Court  of  Justice  of 
Ontario  of  the  Chancery  Division  in  Febru- 
ary, 1887.  In  politics  he  was  a  Liberal-Con- 
servativeand  a  supporter  of  the  National 
Policy,  which  in  its  main  features  he  strong- 
ly advocated  in  1867,  in  his  contest  with  Mr. 
Kymal  in  South  Wentworth.  He  was  also 
in  favor  of  compulsory  voting,  which  he 
suggested  as  a  desirable  amendment  of  the 
law,  both  through  the  press  and  in  letters  to 
Hon.  Edward  Blake  and  other  persons  so 
long  ago  as  1870.  Hon.  Mr.  Bobertson 
married,  in  June,  1850,  Frances  Louisa, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Theodore 
Keed,  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  the 
Huron  Tract,  by  whom  he  has  three  sons 
and  one  daughter  living. 

Murray,  William,  Sherbrooke,  Que- 
bec, was  born  in  the  county  of  Armagh, 
Ireland,  on  the  15th  day  of  August,  1845. 
He  came  to  Canada  with  his  parents  when 
a  lad,  and  was  educated  at  St.  Edwards,  in 
the  county  of  Napierville,  P.Q.,  taking  a 
commercial  course.  He  was  then  appren- 
ticed to  the  grocery  trade  in  Montreal  with 
Alexander  McGibbon,  and  remained  with 
him  from  1861  to  1865.  He  then  went 
to  Sherbrooke,  and  opened  a  retail  general 
store,  in  which  he  continued  till  the  year 
1881.  By  strict  attention  to  business  he 
succeeded  in  building  up  a  large  trade  con- 
nection. In  1881,  believing  that  he  could 
increase  his  business  still  further,  he  sold 
out  the  retail  store  and  started  as  a  whole- 
sale merchant,  and  his  business  at  the  pre- 
sent time  is  a  large  and  lucrative  one.  Mr. 
Murray  has  always  taken  a  great  interest  in 
municipal  affairs,  and  has  been  a  school 
trustee  since  1876.  He  was  appointed  in 
1878  by  the  government  a  member  of  the 
commissioners'  court  for  the  township  of 
Ascot,  P.Q.,  and  continued  to  hold  this  of- 
fice until  1887,  when,  on  the  coming  into 
office  of  the  Mercier  administration,  his  com- 
mission was  revoked  on  political  grounds.  In 
1885  Mr.  Murray  was  elected  for  the  first 
time  to  the  city  council,  and  was  chosen 
chief  magistrate  of  Sherbrooke  in  1887. 
In  January,  1888,  his  friends  again  elect- 
ed him  to  the  city  council,  and  this  time 
by  acclamation.  He  is  also  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  St.  Michael's  cemetery,  be- 
ing elected  one  of  the  first  members  of  the 


board.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Eastern 
Townships  Colonization  Company,  and  was 
elected  its  president  in  1888.  As  the  prin- 
cipal shareholders  of  this  company  are  in 
Nantes,  France,  it  will  be  seen  that  though 
not  one  of  their  countrymen,  his  fellow 
shareholders  have  the  greatest  confidence 
in  his  financial  abilities.  He  was  also  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Typographical 
Printing  Company,  has  been  a  director 
since  its  organization,  and  in  1877  was  its 
president.  In  politics  Mr.  Murray  is  a  Lib- 
eral-Conservative, and  in  religion  a  Roman 
satholic.  He  was  married  on  the  25th  of 
May,  1868,  to  Amelia  Moreau,  daughter  of 
Michael  Moreau,  of  Montreal,  a  descendant 
of  an  old  French  family,  by  whom  he  has 
a  family  of  three  daughters  and  two  sons. 
Young,  Edward7  A-M->  Pn-  D.,  Mem- 
ber of  the  Statistical  Society  of  Lrondon; 
Member  of  the  Geographical  Society  of 
France;  United  States  Consul  at  Windsor, 
N.S.,  son  of  Clarke  and  Sarah  Wingate 
Young,  was  born  December  11, 1814,  at  the 
family  household,  in  Falmouth,  a  village  in 
Hants  county,  on  the  river  Avon,  opposite  to 
Windsor.  The  Youngs  are  of  Scotch  de- 
scent; an  ancestor,  a  Scotch  covenanter, 
forced  by  persecution  to  leave  his  native 
land,  settled  in  Massachusetts,  from  which 
colony  Edward's  grandfather,  Thomas 
Young,  then  a  youth,  came  to  Falmouth, 
with  his  widowed  mother,  about  the  year 
1762.  He  afterwards  married  a  sister  of 
the  celebrated  evangelist,  Eev.  Henry 
Alline,  called  the  Whitefield  of  Nova  Scotia, 
who  travelled  and  preached  in  Acadia  from 
1776  until  a  short  time  before  his  death  in 
New  Hampshire,  February  3,  1783.  His 
journal  was  published  by  his  nephew, 
Clarke  Young  in  1806.  The  original  in 
shorthand  invented  by  himself,  is  now  in 
the  possession  of  the  consul.  A  volume  of 
hymns,  entirely  of  his  own  composition, 
was  published  by  Mr.  Alline,  one  of  which 
— "Amazing  Sight,  the  Saviour  Stands," 
mav  be  found,  uncredited,  in  almost  every 
hymnal  now  in  use.  The  consul's  mother 
was  a  daughter  of  George  Johnson — one  of 
a  family  who  came  from  Yorkshire  to 
Norton  about  1762 — and  of  Mary,  his  wife, 
a  daughter  of  Benjamin  Cleaveland,  who 
came  from  Connecticut,  in  1760,  with  the 
New  England  colony  that  settled  in  Nor- 
ton after  the  expulsion  of  the  Acadians. 
"  Deacon"  Cleaveland,  as  he  was  called,  was 
a  brother  or  cousin  to  Eev.  Aaron,  great 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


801 


grandfather  of  President  Cleveland,  who,  in 
1755,  or  '56,  came  from  Connecticut  to  be- 
come the  minister  of  the  Mather  (afterward, 
St.  Matthew's  Presbyterian)  Church,  in 
Halifax.  Benjamin  Cleaveland,  who  died 
in  1811,  published  a  hymn  book,  one  of  the 
hymns,  of  his  own  composition — "  O,  could 
I  find  from  day  to  day,  a  nearness  to  my 
God,"— appears  in  many  modern  hymnals. 
The  Cleayelands  are  noted  for  their  long- 
evity, averaging  nearly  ninety  years  at 
death.  One  of  Benjamin's  daughters  died 
in  1877,  aged  101  years  and  4  months. 
The  consul  is  one  of  a  family  of  five,  all 
living;  the  oldest,  William  H.,  emigrated  to 
Australia,  George  and  Margaret,  both  un- 
married, reside  at  the  old  homestead,  while 
the  older  sister,  Mrs.  William  Church,  is 
also  a  resident  of  Falmouth.  After  receiv- 
ing the  best  education  the  common  schools 
of  that  day  could  give,  Edward  was  one  of 
the  first  pupils  at  Norton  Academy  hi  April, 
1829,  of  whom  the  "  Records  of  Students" 


Though  quite  a  lad.  he  showed  aptness  for 
learning.  Subsequently  he  left  the  province  and 
became  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  at  Wash- 
ington, received  the  degree  of  M.A.  from  Acadia 
College,  and  afterwards  Ph.D.  from  Columbian 
University,  Washington.  He  has  proved  himself 
the  constant  friend  of  Acadia.  As  donor  for 
several  years  of  an  annual  gold  medal  for  pro- 
ficiency in  the  higher  mathematics,  he  is  re- 
membered with  interest,  respect  and  affection. 
He  lived  several  years  in  Windsor,  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  mercantile  business,  and  be- 
lieving that  the  United  States  offered 
greater  advantages  to  young  men,  left  his 
native  place  in  October,  1835,  went  to  the 
west,  and  settled  in  Indiana.  There  he  en- 
gaged in  business  and  to  some  extent  in 
politics.  His  first  vote  was  given  for  Gen- 
eral Morrison,  the  Whig  candidate  for 
president,  who  failed  of  election  in  1836,  but 
succeeded  in  1840.  The  severe  and  long 
continued  illness  of  Mr.  Young's  father  in- 
duced him  to  return  and  remain  some  years 
in  his  native  province,  during  which  period 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Maria  Bishop, 
of  Horton,  some  of  whose  ancestors,  the 
Bishops  and  Gores,  of  Connecticut,  came 
with  the  New  England  colony  in  1760.  She 
is  a  descendant  also  of  Joseph  Jencks,  a 
colonial  governor  of  Ehode  Island.  After 
his  marriage  in  December,  1840,  he  resided 
in  Halifax,  engaged  partly  in  commercial 
pursuits,  owning  some  vessels  trading  to 
the  United  States  and  the  West  Indies,  him- 
self visiting  for  purposes  of  trade  the  West 
xx 


India  islands,  South  America  and  the  South- 
ern ports  of  the  United  States.  He  edited 
and  published,  from  1843  to  1845,  a  week- 
ly paper,  The  Olive  Branch,  the  first  tem- 
perance paper  in  the  Maritime  provinces,  if 
not  in  British  North  America,  except,  for  a 
short  period,  one  published  also  in  Halifax, 
by  Edmund  Ward.  Sustaining  losses  by 
shipping,  he  removed  in  1849  to  Boston, 
where  he  remined  till  1851,  when  he  engag- 
ed in  permanent  business  in  Philadelphia, 
as  publisher  of  books  and  a  weekly  news- 
paper devoted  to  American  industries,  in 
copartnership  with  E.  T.  Freedly,  author 
of  a  "Treatise  on  Business,"  and  other 
practical  works.  Their  most  important  pub- 
lication was  "  A  History  of  American  Manu- 
factures, from  1608  to  1866,"  3  vols.  octavo, 
edited  by  his  wife's  brother,  John  Leander 
Bishop,  M.D.,  who  was  for  three  years  sur- 
geon of  a  Pennsylvania  regiment  during 
the  late  war.  Not  only  in  the  United  States 
but  by  the  London  Times  and  other  leading 
journals  of  England,  by  the  "  Westminster" 
and  other  reviews,  was  the  highest  praise 
awarded  to  the  author.  Even  now  it  is  the 
standard  authority  on  the  early  history  of 
manufactures  in  that  colony  and  in  the 
United  States.  Dr.  Bishop  was  one  of  the 
earliest  graduates  of  Acadia.  The  hardships 
he  endured  during  the  war  hastened  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  1868.  Not  only 
as  a  historian  and  scholar  was  he  lamented, 
but  as  the  highest  style  of  a  man — a  Chris- 
tian gentleman.  A  statistical  work  com- 
piled by  Mr.  Young,  attracted  the  notice  of 
the  Washington  authorities,  and  the  super- 
intendent of  the  census  offered  him  a  place 
in  that  bureau  which  he  accepted,  and  re- 
moved to  Washington  in  1861,  where  as 
chief  of  division  he  superintended  the  com- 
pilation of  the  statistics  of  industry,  and 
prepared  for  publication  a  voluminous  re- 
port on  the  manufactures  of  the  United 
States,  the  first  of  the  kind.  On  the  com- 
pletion of  this  important  work,  in  1865,  he 
accepted  a  place  in  the  revenue  commission 
tendered  him  by  its  chairman,  Hon.  David 
A  Wells,  the  celebrated  economist,  and  in 
the  following  year  and  subsequently  while 
Mr.  Wells  was  special  commissioner  of  the 
revenue,  he  was  assistant  or  deputy  com- 
missioner. How  faithfully  Mr.  Young  per- 
formed his  work,  how  thoroughly  he  mas- 
tered the  then  complicated  revenue  system 
of  the  United  States,  Mr.  Wells  has  ever 
since  taken  pleasure  in  manifesting.  The 


802 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


imperfect  manner  in  which  the  commercial 
statistics  were  compiled  in  the  treasury 
department  induced  Mr.  Wells  to  have  a 
statistical  bureau  established  which  was 
authorised  by  Act  of  Congress,  and  the 
bureau  organized  in  September,  1866.  In 
the  administration  of  this  important  bureau 
the  director  failed  to  give  satisfaction,  and 
was  afterwards  legislated  out  of  office,  and 
Mr.  Young,  who  had  resigned  and  resumed 
his  publishing  business  in  Philapelphia, 
was  induced  by  Mr.  Wells  to  return  to 
Washington  and  devote  his  energies  to  the 
work  of  the  bureau.  For  a  few  months 
as  chief  clerk,  and  for  more  than  eight 
years  as  chief  of  the  bureau,  he  so  im- 
proved it  that  it  was  acknowledged  to  be 
peer  of  older  institutions  of  Europe,  and 
the  work  of  its  director  commended,  and 
the  accuracy  of  his  statements  acknowledg- 
ed on  the  floors  of  both  houses  of  Con- 
gress and  in  foreign  countries.  A  similar 
bureau  was  established  in  Chili,  on  a  plan 
prepared  by  Mr.  Young;  and  one  in  Japan, 
partly  through  correspondence  and  partly 
by  exhibiting  to  commissioners  sent  to  ex- 
amine it,  the  operations  of  the  Washington 
bureau,  and  explaining  the  details,  of  which 
full  notes  were  taken.  In  addition  to  the 
monthly,  quarterly  and  annual  reports  of 
the  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  as  re- 
quired by  law,  Mr.  Young  prepared  and 
published  several  special  reports  of  great 
interest  and  value.  In  1871  he  published 
"  A  Special  Report  on  Immigration,"  "  A 
Special  Report  on  the  Customs-tariff  Legis- 
lation of  the  United  States,"  and  other 
works.  In  consideration  of  these  labors, 
Columbian  University  at  Washington  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Philosophy.  The  report  on  Immigration, 
or  more  properly  "  Information  for  Immi- 
grants," was  welcomed  with  enthusiasm,  as 
it  gave  detailed  information  as  to  the  advan- 
tages offered  by  the  sparsely  settled  states 
and  territories  to  individuals  and  families 
in  Europe  who  were  desirous  to  emigrate 
to  America.  Tens  of  thousands  of  copies 
were  distributed  throughout  Europe,  not 
only  by  the  United  States  government,  but 
by  steamship,  transportation  and  other  com- 
panies, who  purchased  the  work  in  sheets 
from  the  public  printer,  and  distributed  it 
through  their  agents.  Dr.  Young  had  it 
translated  into  the  French  and  German 
languages,  also  into  Swedish ;  and  ten 
thousand  copies  in  French  and  about  twelve 


thousand  in  German  were  printed  and  cir- 
culated in  European  countries  where  those 
languages  are  spoken.  The  result  was  a 
great  increase  each  year  in  the  number  of 
immigrants,  especially  of  the  more  valuable 
classes,  as  compared  with  the  arrivals  in  pre- 
ceding years.  So  valuable  was  it  regarded 
in  other  countries  that  the  celebrated  French 
economist,  Michel  Chevalier,  in  an  extended 
article  published  in  a  French  periodical, 
commended  Dr.  Young's  book,  and  sug- 
gested that  a  work  on  the  same  plan  be 
prepared  by  the  French  government,  show- 
ing the  advantages  offered  by  Algiers  to 
those  who  desired  to  make  their  homes  in  a 
sparsely  settled  country.  The  German 
government,  finding  that  its  people  in  great 
numbers  were  emigrating  to  the  United 
States,  interposed  obstacles  to  the  general 
distribution  of  this  volume  full  of  informa- 
tion. The  Marquis  of  Lome  personally 
solicited  the  author  to  prepare  a  volume  on 
a  similar  plan,  presenting  the  great  advan- 
tages offered  by  Manitoba  and  the  North- 
West  Territories  to  those  desirous  of  emi- 
grating to  some  part  of  America.  The  author 
of  the  "  Special  Report  on  the  United  States 
Tariff  "  was  gratified  when,  during  the  ex- 
citing tariff  discussion  in  the  Canadian 
House  of  Commons  in  1879,  his  book  was 
observed  in  the  hands  of  members  of  both 
parties,  and  extracts  read  therefrom.  His 
greatest  work,  however,  completed  in  1875, 
after  years  of  preparation,  was  called, 
"  Labor  in  Europe  and  America,"  864 
pages,  octavo,  and  was  republished  in  1879, 
by  Dawson  Brothers,  Montreal,  from  the 
original  stereotype  plates.  This  is  an 
elaborate  special  report  on  the  rate  of  wages, 
the  cost  of  subsistence,  and  the  condition  of 
the  working  classes  in  Great  Britain,  France, 
Belgium,  Germany,  and  other  countries  of 
Europe,  and  also  in  the  United  States 
and  British  America.  It  is  prefaced  by  a 
learned  and  exhaustive  review  of  the  condi- 
tion of  the  working  people  among  the  na- 
tions of  antiquity  and  during  the  middle 
ages.  The  following  extracts  are  made 
from  an  extended  review  of  this  book  by 
a  well-known  economic  writer  in  Phila- 
delphia : — 

The  work  is  a  striking  exhibit  of  the  industry 
and  research  of  Dr.  Young.  He  has  personally 
visited  many  of  the  countries  of  Europe  (from  the 
Clyde  to  the  Volga),  entering  factories  and  ming- 
ling among  working  men  to  ascertain  their  actual 
condition,  and  his  notes  of  these  visits  form  a 
very  interesting  part  of  the  book.  He  has  also 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


805 


pressed  United  States  consuls  into  his  service, 
and  has  received  valuable  information  from  them. 
Apparently  no  source  of  information  has  been 
overlooked.  Ancient  documents  bearing  upon  the 
employment  and  compensation  of  labor  in  remote 
periods  have  been  unearthed,  and  their  contents 
add  greatly  to  the  interest  and  value  of  the  vol- 
ume. ...  A  work  so  valuable  as  this  will  be 
in  demand  in  every  country  in  the  civilized 
world,  as  one  of  the  most  elaborate  contributions 
to  the  literature  of  labor  that  has  ever  appeared. 

The  press  in  the  United  States  and  in  Eng- 
land, and  to  some  extent  in  continental 
Europe,  highly  commended  this  report,  and 
autograph  letters  were  received  from  men 
of  the  highest  standing  in  all  parts  of 
America,  including  two  presidents  of  the 
United  States,  governors,  presidents  of 
colleges,  and  others,  particularly  from  Lord 
Duff erin,  also  from  men  of  the  high  standing 
of  the  great  and  good  Earl  of  Shaftesbury 
with  whom  Dr.  Young  corresponded,  when 
engaged  in  its  preparation.  The  part  that 
treats  of  the  condition  of  the  working  people 
of  Europe,  their  drinking  habits,  etc.,  is 
read  with  peculiar  interest  by  those  who 
desire  to  do  good  to  their  fellow  men. 
Terence's  celebrated  sentiment,  "Homo  sum ; 
humani  nihila  me  alienumputo"  was  ad- 
opted by  the  author  as  his  motto.  Although 
this  book,  as  well  as  the  other  two  special 
reports,  is  out  of  print — the  plates  belong- 
ing to  the  United  States  government  hav- 
ing been  destroyed — yet  occasionally  a  copy 
may  be  found  at  a  book  stand,  and  stand- 
ing orders  from  booksellers  in  London,  Ger- 
many and  Sweden,  are  held  by  a  bookseller 
in  Washington,  to  secure  every  copy  of  this 
work  that  can  be  obtained.  In  1872  Mr. 
Young  was  appointed  by  President  Grant 
as  a  delegate  to  the  International  Statistical 
Congress  at  St.  Petersburg,  of  which  body 
he  was  vice-president  for  North  America. 
Here  he  had  abundant  opportunities  of  con- 
ferring with  many  of  the  leading  statisti- 
cians of  the  world.  He  also  improved  the 
opportunity  of  a  prolonged  tour  of  the  con- 
tinent and  Great  Britain.  From  all  these 
sources  he  was  able  materially  to  increase 
his  store  of  general  knowledge,  as  well  as 
to  improve  the  methods  of  his  bureau  at 
Washington,  and  largely  to  gather  infor- 
mation which  he  made  use  of  in  the  work 
on  labor,  above  noticed.  Dr.  Young  was 
frequently  consulted  by  the  government 
officials,  and  on  several  occasions  was  con- 
fidentially employed  by  Secretary  Fish, 
who  submitted  fqr  his  examination  and  re- 
port thereon,  the  "Memorandum  of  the 


Plenipotentiaries" — Hon.  Geo.  Brown  and 
Sir  Edward  Thornton.  He  was  also  in- 
structed to  personally  investigate  on  both 
sides  of  the  line,  the  probable  effect  of  the 
Treaty  of  1874  (which  failed  to  receive  a 
two-thirds  vote  in  the  Senate)  upon  the  in- 
dustries of  the  United  States.  The  seal  of 
secresy  having  subsequently  been  removed, 
this  report  became  accessible  to  the  public. 
Mr.  Fish  was  severely  criticised  by  many  of 
his  political  friends  for  being  in  favor  of  the 
Treaty  ;  had  they  known  why  he  approved 
of  it,  as  Dr.  Young  knew,  confidentially,  his 
action  would  have  been  commended.  As 
Mr.  Fish's  permission  to  disclose  has  never 
been  obtained,  a  secret  it  still  remains.  This 
hint  Mr.  Young  gives — Mr.  Fish  was  gov- 
erned, not  by  commercial  considerations, 
but  by  those  of  a  political  or  patriotic  char- 
acter. Dr.  Young's  connection  with  the 
Bureau  of  Statistics  terminated  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1878,  after  he  had  devoted  to  it  nine 
of  the  most  active  and  best  years  of  his  life, 
rendering  it  highly  efficient  and  greatly 
useful,  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  every 
secretary  of  the  treasury  from  Mr.  McCulloch 
down  to  1878.  But  in  the  Republic  as  well 
as  in  the  Dominion,  men  are  occasionally 
observed  who  are  willing  to  sacrifice  public 
good  to  personal  aggrandizement.  The 
secretary  was  then,  as  the  same  able  states- 
man is  now,  intensely  desirous  to  obtain  the 
nomination  of  his  party  for  the  presidency, 
and  expected  that  all  officers,  and  the  great 
army  of  custom  house  and  other  employes 
of  the  department,  would  exert  themselves  in 
his  behalf.  The  chief  of  the  Statistical 
Bureau  was,  as  he  told  the  secretary,  a 
statistician,  not  a  politician.  He  neither 
possessed  nor  desired  political  influence, 
contenting  himself  by  voting  for  the  candi- 
dates of  the  party  when  they  were  such  as 
he  approved,  for  he  was  too  independent  to 
be  a  partisan,  his  motto  not  being  "  My 
country  and  my  party,  right  or  wrong,"  as 
some  say,  but  "My  country  (or ray  party), 
when  in  the  right."  Unwilling  to  stand  in 
the  way  of  his  chief's  laudable  aspir- 
ations, Dr.  Young  offered  his  resignation 
provided  two  or  three  months'  leave  of 
absence  with  pay  were  allowed,  which  offer 
was  accepted,  and  his  connection  with  the 
Bureau  severed  to  the  surprise  and  regret  of 
statisticians  and  statesmen  in  Europe  and 
America.  Both  parties  in  the  government 
of  the  Dominion  solicited  his  services.  Soon 
after  Hon.  Mr.  Mackenzie,  then  first  minister, 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


invited  him  to  Ottawa  to  consult  as  to  the 
establishment  of  a  Statistical  Bureau,  but 
before  any  definite  arrangement  was  made 
the  elections  in  September,  1878,  transferred 
that  able  man  to  the  opposition  benches. 
When  the  ministry  of  Sir  John  A.  Mac- 
donald  decided,  in  1878,  to  establish  a  new 
tariff  for  the  protection  of  Canadian  indus- 
tries they  cast  about  for  some  one  fitted  to 
assist  them  in  constructing  the  new  list  of 
duties.  The  reputation  of  Dr.  Young  as 
a  statistician  and  a  tariff  expert  justi- 
fied them  in  selecting  him  for  the  position. 
He  then  went  to  Ottawa,  and  his  experi- 
ence and  knowledge  of  the  theory  and  work- 
ing of  Protection  in  the  United  States  ena- 
bled him  to  be  of  material  service  to  the 
Canadian  government  in  their  novel  labors. 
Although  he  had  nothing  to  do  with  fill- 
ing in  the  rates  of  duty,  yet  he  so  drafted 
the  tariff  as  to  make  it  symmetrical,  and 
avoided  the  inconsistencies  of  the  United 
States  tariff.  Its  successful  operation  in 
subsequent  years  proved  that  the  design 
was  good  and  the  materials  sound,  other- 
wise the  blizzards  that  sometimes  are  felt, 
even  in  Canada,  would  have  injured  or  de- 
stroyed the  structure.  After  the  tariff 
went  into  operation  in  1879,  it  was  expected 
that  a  Bureau  of  Statistics  would  be  es- 
tablished at  Ottawa.  The  ablest  presenta- 
tion of  the  great  need  of  such  a  bureau, 
and  the  advantage  it  would  confer  on  the 
Dominion,  was  made  by  James  Johnson, 
now  of  Ottawa,  himself  an  able  statisti- 
cian, in  the  Halifax  Reporter  of  April  16, 
1879.  In  concluding  his  argument  he 
wrote: 

The  United  States  found  itself  compelled  to 
add  a  Bureau  of  Statistics,  and  the  only  regret 
we  ever  heard  expressed  is  that  the  bureau  had 
not  been  established  years  ago.  *  *  *  In  ad- 
dition to  all  these  arguments  there  is  the  fact 
that  the  government  have  now  in  the  temporary 
employ  of  the  finance  department  a  man  who 
till  lately  was  chief  of  that  bureau— a  skilled, 
experienced  man,  capable  of  putting  the  Cana- 
dian bureau  into  good  working  order  without 
those  expenditures  which  are  the  invariable  price 
of  experience  when  accumulated  from  a  begin- 
ning of  ignorance.  Such  a  skilled  man  would 
save  the  country  thousands  of  dollars  by  reason 
of  the  experience  he  has  had.  We  refer  to 
Edward  Young,  Ph.D.,  a  Nova  Scotian  who 
left  this  province  some  years  ago  and  worked 
his  way  up  to  the  eminent  position  he  held  in 
Washington  by  sheer  force  of  ability.  The  time, 
then,  is  opportune  ;  the  work  is  immensely  im- 
portant ;  the  man  is  at  hand. 

Although  Sir  Leonard  Tilley  appreciated 
the  importance  to  the  government  and  peo- 


ple of  a  Statistical  Bureau,  yet  he  regarded 
the  carrying  out  of  the  new  revenue 
system  without  friction  as  a  measure  of 
pressing  necessity.  To  interpret  the  tariff 
and  prescribe  uniformity  in  the  various 
custom  houses,  a  board  of  appraisers  was 
appointed  of  which  Mr.  Young  was  acting 
secretary.  After  a  few  months  he  resigned 
and  returned  to  Washington,  and  soon  after 
established  in  New  York  the  Industrial 
Monthly,  devoted  to  the  manufacturing  in- 
dustries of  America,  and  the  advocacy  of 
protective  legislation.  This  was  published 
for  several  years  and  then  merged  in  Ameri- 
ca, a  serial  of  similar  views.  Until  his  re- 
moval to  Windsor  he  was  engaged  in  writ- 
ing for  the  weekly  and  daily  press  of  New 
York,  chiefly  on  economic  subjects,  and  in 
advocacy  of  protection,  in  order  that  the 
toilers  in  American  shops,  mills,  factories, 
and  mines  should  receive  full  reward  for 
their  labor.  Although  not  fully  in  accord 
with  the  economic  views  of  the  president 
and  the  secretary  of  state,  yet  it  wan  the 
particular  desire  of  Mr.  Bayard  thr  ^r. 
Young  should  enter  the  consular  be  vice 
and  be  stationed  in  Canada,  where  his 
knowledge  of  the  trade  and  the  fishing  and 
other  industries  of  the  several  provinces, 
would  prove  useful  to  the  United  States 
government.  Accordingly  he  was  appoint- 
ed and  confirmed  as  consul  of  the  Windsor 
consular  district,  which  embraces  the  coun- 
ties of  Hants,  Kings,  and  Cumberland,  with 
parts  of  Annapolis  and  Colchester,  suc- 
ceeding D.  K.  Hobart,  of  Maine,  who 
had  held  the  office  for  foui  een  years. 
Dr.  Young  spends,  by  permission  of  his  gov- 
ernment, accompanied  by  his  wife  and 
daughter,  some  of  the  winter  months  during 
which  navigation  on  the  Avon  is  closed,  at 
Wolfville,*where  he  has  relations,  and  where 
he  has  access  to  the  valuable  library  of 
Acadia  College.  He  has  two  sons,  both 
married  and  settled  in  Washington;  the 
older,  Charles  E.,  a  civil  engineer;  the 
younger,  William  H.  Young,  B.D.  (of  Yale) 
pastor  of  the  Metropolitan  Baptist  Church. 
Another  son  who  was  a  very  able  man,  an 
accomplished  linguist,  connected  with  the 
Smithsonian  Institute,  died  four  years  ago. 
He  represented  the  institution  at  the 
Vienna  Exposition  in  1873,  and  officially 
visited  its  agencies  in  Europe.  Dr.  Young 
occasionally  comes  before  the  public  as  a 
speaker  on  moral  and  religious  topics.  He 
delivers  a  very  learned  and  interesting  lee- 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


805 


ture  on  the  subject  of  Russia,  in  which  he 
accords  a  high  place  to  the  late  Czar,  Alex- 
ander II.,  for  his  great   act,   the  emancipa- 
tion of  the  serfs.     He  has  for  a  long  period 
been   actively   engaged    in    religious    and 
benevolent  work.     For  many  years  a  mem- 
ber and  deacon  of  Baptist  churches,  and  for 
a   few  years  superintendent  of  a  Sabbath 
school  in  Washington;  and  although  strong- 
ly attached  to  the  principles  of  his  own  de- 
nomination,   yet    has    been   actively    en- 
gaged in  all  union  efforts.     He  was  one  of 
a  committee  that  planned,  and  secretary  of 
a  society  that  established  in  Halifax,  about 
forty  years  ago,  the  first  Sailors'  Home  and 
Bethel.     In  the  cause  of  temper<uice  he  was 
one  of  the  pioneers, uniting  with  a  society  es- 
tablished in  Wolfville  in  1829,  was  secretary 
of   a   society   in  Windsor  more  than  fifty 
years  ago,  and  in  Halifax  about  forty -five 
years   ago,  where   he   published  a  weekly 
paper  devoted  to   temperance.     His    con- 
sistency  was  proved   by    not    permitting 
his     vessels     to    take     cargoes     of     rum 
from     the    West    Indies;    and — the   only 
American — by    declining     to    partake    of 
wine   at    dinner    in    the    palaces    of  the 
Emperor  of  Kussia  and    of  Grand   Dukes 
and  other  members  of  the  Imperial  family, 
and  by  declining  to  drink  wine  with   the 
Prince'    Dolgorouki,    governor- general    of 
Central  Russia,  at  his  palace  in  Moscow. 
That  his  eccentric  conduct  produced  no  ill- 
feeling   is  evidenced  by  the   fact  that  he 
succeeded  in  having  released  from  Russian 
prisons  twelve  poor  people  who  had  been 
long  kept  there   charged    with    inducing 
members   of   the   Russo-Greek    church  to 
unite  with  the  Standists  (chiefly  Baptists), 
when  the  Evangelical  Alliance,  which  met 
in  New  York  in  1874,  failed  even  to  have 
their  memorial  submitted  to  the  Imperial 
court.     In    1873  the   Russian   minister  at 
Washington,  in  a  despatch  to  the  secretary 
of  state,  asked  permission  to  present  to  Dr. 
Young,  delegate  from  the  United  States  to 
the   International   Statistical   Congress  in 
1872,  a  diamond  ring  from  the  Emperor's 
private  cabinet,  as  a  souvenir  of  that  con- 
gress.     To  overcome  a   constitutional  ob- 
stacle,   a    joint  resolution  was    passed  at 
the  ensuing  session    of  Congress,  and  ap- 
proved   by   the   president,  giving  the  re- 
cipient permission  to    accept  the  valuable 
ring.     It  has  the   Emperor's  initials  and  a 
crown  in  gold  and  small  diamonds  on  blue 
enamel  surrounded  by  eight  large  diamonds 


of  the  first  water.  Although  well  up  in 
years  (and  old  only  in  years) — "his  hair 
just  grizzled  as  in  a  green  old  age" — yet  Dr. 
Young  preserves  a  youthful  flow  of  spirits, 
takes  great  interest  in  the  rising  generation 
and  its  pursuits,  and  loves  sociality  and 
friendly  conversation.  If  he  has  a  craze 
it  is  the  belief  that  English  not  Volapiit 
will  be  the  universal  language  of  com- 
merce at  least,  and  that  the  two  great  Eng- 
lish-speaking peoples,  having  a  common 
language  and  literature,  and  possessing 
greater  freedom  than  other  nations,  shall 
unite  their  efforts  to  extend  the  blessings  of 
civil  and  religious  liberty  to  all  other 
peoples,  and  to  evangelize  the  world. 

Huggan,  William  Thomas,  Char- 
lottetown,  Accountant  and  Auditor,  Prince 
Edward  Island  Railway,  was  born  on  the 
24th  May,  1851,  at  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia. 
His  father,  Thomas  Huggau,  was  born  on 
the  5th  May,  1817,  at  Barney's  River,  Pic- 
tou  county,  Nova  Scotia  ;  and  his  mother, 
Sarah  Dowler,  was  born  on  the  27th  Decem- 
ber, 1818,  at  Leith,  Scotland.  Mr.  Huggan 
received  his  educational  training  at  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  a  private  school, — Michael 
McCullough  being  master.  He  entered  the 
government  employ  at  Halifax,  on  January 
14,  1870,  as  junior  clerk  in  the  accountant's 
office,  Nova  Scotia  railway.  In  August, 
1870,  he  became  a  clerk  in  the  general  store- 
keeper's office  ;  in  August.  1871,  time-keeper 
and  clerk  in  the  mechanical  superintendent's 
office,  and  in  November,  1871,  clerk  in  the 
audit  office.  Upon  the  amalgamation  of  the 
Nova  Scotia  Railway  with  the  Intercolonial 
and  European  and  North  American  rail- 
ways in  November,  1872,  under  the  name  of 
the  Intercolonial,  he  was  transferred  to 
Moncton,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  27th  of 
that  month,  as  clerk  in  the  audit  office  of  the 
road.  In  October,  1 873,  he  became  clerk  in 
the  local  store  of  the  Intercolonial  Railway  ; 
February,  1874,  clerk  in  the  general  store- 
keeper's office  ;  April,  1874,  clerk  in  the 
mechanical  superintendent's  office  ;  July, 
1874,  clerk  in  the  accountant's  office,  and  in 
November,  1875,  he  was  appointed  chief 
clerk  in  the  accountant's  office.  On  the  1st 
of  July,  1882,  he  was  made  accountant 
and  auditor  of  the  Prince  Edward  Island 
Railway,  with  charge  of  the  general  ticket 
department,  which  office  he  now  holds.  Dur- 
ing the  period  covered  above  he  served  in 
the  various  capacities  of  station-master,  pay- 
master, cashier,  etc.  In  January,  1881,  he 
became  connected  with  St.  John's  Presbyte- 
rian Church,  Moncton,  N.B.,  since  which 


806 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


time  he  has  been  a  Sabbath-school  teacher. 
In  March,  1882,  he  was  ordained  an  elder  of 
this  church,  and  afterward  taking  up  his 
abode  in  Charlottetown,  was  elected  to 
same  position,  that  of  elder  in  Zion  Church. 
Mr.  Huggan  has  also  served  as  manager  in 
the  former  church,  and  as  a  trustee  and 
treasurer  in  the  latter  congregation.  While 
always  a  total  abstainer,  he  became  a  charter 
member  of  Orient  Division,  No.  161,  Sons 
of  Temperance,  in  September,  1886,  since 
which  time,  he  has  twice  served  as  financial 
scribe.  He  served  five  years  in  the  first 
battery  Halifax  Volunteer  Artillery.  He 
was  married,  October  25th,  1875,  to  Sarah 
L.,  eldest  daughter  of  William  E.  Weldon, 
of  Moncton,  N.B.,  and  Margaret  A.  Church, 
of  Point  Du  Bute,  N.B. 

Brymiier,  Douglas,  Ottawa,  Histori- 
cal Archivist  of  the  Dominion,  was  born  in 
Greenock,  Scotland,  in  1823.  He  is  the  fourth 
son  of  Alexander  Brymner,  banker,  origi- 
nally from  Stirling,  where  the  family  held 
for  many  years,  a  prominent  position.  The 
elder  Brymner  was  a  man  of  fine  mtellec- 
.  tual  attainments,  an  enthusiast  in  letters, 
and  refined  in  his  tastes  and  feelings.  He 
had  great  influence  over  his  children,  and 
took  every  opportunity  to  instil  into  their 
minds  a  hearty  love  for  literature  in  all  its 
branches.  They  had  the  additional  advan- 
tage of  frequent  intercourse  with  living 
men  of  letters,  and  their  acquaintance  with 
the  writings  of  the  most  eminent  and  esteem- 
ed authors  of  the  time  soon  became  exten- 
sive. The  mother  of  Douglas  Brymner  was 
Elizabeth  Fair-lie,  daughter  of  John  Fairlie, 
merchant  in  Greenock,  who  died  at  an  early 
age,  leaving  his  widow  and  family  in  'com- 
fortable circumstances.  The  subject  of  our 
sketch  was  educated  at  the  Greenock  Gram- 
mar School,  where,  under  the  skilful  tuition 
of  Dr.  Brown,  he  mastered  the  classics  and 
higher  branches  of  study.  After  leaving 
school,  Mr.  Brymner  received  a  thorough 
mercantile  training.  He  began  business  on 
his  own  account,  and  subsequently  admit- 
ted his  brother,  Graham,  as  a  partner,  on  the 
!  return  of  the  latter  from  the  West  Indies, 
/  where  he  had  been  engaged  for  some  years. 
The  brothers  were  highly  successful,  the 
younger  filling,  in  later  years,  several  im- 
portant offices,  such  as  justice  of  the  peace 
for  the  county  of  Renfrew,  and  chairman 
of  the  Sanitary  Commission  for  his  native 
town .  He  died  in  1885,  from  typhus  fever, 
contracted  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  as 
chairman,  universally  regretted  by  all.  In 
1853,  Mr.  Brymner  married  Jean  Thomson 
(who  died  in  1884),  daughter  of  William 


Thomson,  of  Hill  End,  by  whom  he  had 
nine  children,  six  of  whom  survive.  The 
eldest  of  these  is  William,  a  rising  artist  of 
an  excellent  school,  who  has  studied  for 
several  years  in  the  best  studios  of  Paris, 
and  whose  recent  exhibits  have  received 
general  praise.  The  second  son,  George 
Douglas,  is  one  of  the  accountants  in  the 
Bank  of  Montreal,  and  James,  the  third 
son,  is  in  the  Northwest.  Two  daughters 
and  a  son  are  at  home.  In  consequence  of 
ill  health,  induced  by  close  application  to 
business,  Mr.  Brymner  was  compelled  to 
retire  from  the  partnership  in  1856.  Com- 
plete withdrawal  from  mercantile  cares  for 
a  year  having  restored  him  to  something 
like  his  former  self,  he  removed  to  Canada 
in  1857,  and  settled  in  Melbourne,  one  of 
the  Eastern  Townships.  Here  he  filled  the 
office  of  mayor  for  two  terms  with  conspicu- 
ous ability.  On  both  occasions  he  had  been 
elected  without  a  contest,  and  without  hav- 
ing solicited  a  single  vote  from  any  one,  his 
belief  being  that  an  office  of  this  sort  ought 
to  be  conferred  by  the  unasked  suffrage  of 
the  constituency.  He  declined  to  serve  for 
a  third  term,  although  earnestly  requested 
to  do  so.  While  mayor,  he  introduced  vari- 
ous improvements  in  the  mode  of  conduct- 
ing municipal  business.  Like  many  other 
immigrants  possessing  capital,  he  found  his 
means  vanishing  before  the  financial  crisis 
of  1857.  Mr.  Brymner  drifted  into  what 
seemed  to  be  his  natural  calling — literature, 
for  which  his  early  training  and  continuous 
study  well  qualified  him.  On  the  accept- 
ance by  Dr.  Snodgrass  of  the  office  of  prin- 
cipal of  Queen's  College,  the  post  of  editor 
of  the  Presbyterian,  the  official  journal  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland  in  Canada,  became 
vacant.  It  was  offered  to  Mr.  Brymner,  his 
fitness  for  the  position  having  been  recog- 
nized by  the  leaders  of  the  church,  he  hav- 
ing been  an  active  member  of  the  church 
courts  as  a  representative  elder,  and  his 
numerous  contributions  to  the  discussion 
of  important  religious  topics  being  esteemed 
and  valuable.  Under  his  guidance,  the  edi- 
torials being  written  with  a  straightforward, 
independent  spirit,  the  paper  at  once  took  a 
high  place.  Many  of  Mr.  Brymner's  arti- 
cles on  ecclesiastical  questions  were  in  par- 
ticular much  admired,  and  leading  religious 
journals  often  made  lengthy  quotations  from 
them.  About  the  same  time  he  joined  the 
staff  of  the  Montreal  Herald,  where  in  a  little 
he  was  appointed  associate  editor  with  the 
late  Hon.  Edward  Goff  Penny.  Often,  owing 
to  the  severe  indisposition  of  Mr.  Penny, 
Mr.  Brymner  had  sole  editorial  charge  of 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


807 


the  Herald.  He  was  noted  as  one  of  the 
most  efficient  and  hard-working  members  of 
the  Press  Gallery  at  Ottawa,  and  in  1871, 
the  presidency  of  the  Press  Association  de- 
volved upon  him.  A  year  later,  in  1872,  it 
having  been  resolved  to  establish  a  new 
branch  of  the  Civil  Service,  namely,  the 
collection  of  the  historical  records  of  the 
Dominion  and  its  provinces,  Mr.  Brymner, 
with  the  approval  of  men  of  all  political 
shades,  received  the  appointment.  Before 
leaving  Montreal  for  Ottawa,  an  address, 
signed  by  leading  men  in  the  professions,  in 
business,  and  of  the  different  nationalities, 
was  presented  to  Mr.  Brymner,  accompa- 
nied by  a  magnificent  testimonial.  No  bet- 
ter selection  could  have  been  made  for  the 
office  of  archivist  than  that  of  Mr.  Brym- 
ner. He  had  peculiar  fitness  for  the  task 
imposed  on  him.  His  extensive  historical 
knowledge,  unwearied  industry,  patience, 
and  love  for  research,  his  power  of  organiz- 
ing and  arranging  materials  for  reference, 
etc.,  were  all  admirable  qualifications,  and 
these  he  possessed  to  a  remarkable  degree. 
His  reports  are  models,  and  present  in  clear 
and  terse  language  the  results  of  his  labours. 
The  story  of  the  origin  of  the  office,  and  the 
important  part  played  in  its  construction  by 
Mr.  Brymuer,  v  ill  be  found  in  the  archi- 
vist's report  for  1883.  In  1881,  the  Public 
Record  Office  (London)  authorities  repub- 
lished  the  whole  of  Mr.  Brymner's  report  as 
part  of  their  own,  owing,  as  the  keeper  of 
records,  Sir  William  Hardy,  said,  to  the 
importance  of  the  information  it  contained. 
Every  year  since  then  copious  extracts  have 
been  made  from  Mr.  Brymner's  reports. 
Perhaps  it  will  not  be  out  of  place  to  insert 
here  the  following  excerpt  from  the  preface 
to  the  admirably  annotated  publication  of 
"  Hadden's  Journal  and  Orderly  Books," 
by  General  Horatio  Rogers,  who  says  : — 
"  I  cannot  refrain  from  referring  to  the  un- 
wearied zeal  and  unfailing  courtesy  of  Mr. 
Douglas  Brymner,  the  archivist  of  the  Do- 
minion of  Canada,  in  affording  me  the 
fullest  and  most  satisfactory  use  of  the 
Haldimand  papers  and  the  other  manu- 
scripts confided  to  his  charge.  Would  that 
all  public  officials  in  custody  of  valuable 
manuscripts  might  take  a  lesson  from  him  !" 
Mr.  Brymner  is  an  adherent  of  the  Church 
of  Scotland,  to  which  he  has  always  belong- 
ed, and  he  has  been  one  of  the  most  formid- 
able opponents  of  union.  His  evidence 
before  the  Senate  Committee,  on  the  24th 
and  26th  of  April,  1882,  which  is  substan- 
tially the  argument  of  the  non-contents  on 
the  Union  question,  was  presented  with 


great  power  and  skill.  It  can  be  found  in 
a  pamphlet  of  over  forty  pages,  published 
by  Hunter,  Rose  &.  Co.,  Toronto,  in  1883. 
The  greater  part  of  his  literary  work  is 
anonymous.  He  possesses  a  f  and  of  caus- 
tic humour,  some  of  which  found  vent  in 
his  letters  in  h,  under  the  name  of 

"  Tummas  Tred,  •' an  octogenarian  Paisley 
weaver,  origin^  contributions  on  curling 
to  the  Montrea,  .erald,  but  afterwards  ex- 
tended to  other  subjects  in  the  Scottish 
American  Journal.  These  have  ceased  for 
some  years,  doubtless  from  the  pressure  of 
other  and  more  serious  occupations.  His 
translations  of  the.  Odes  of  Horace  into 
Scotch  verse  were  happy  imitations.  A 
favourable  specimen,  "  The  Charms  of  Coun- 
try Life,"  is  in  the  Canadian  Monthly  of 
1879,  the  others  having  appeared  in  news- 
papers, and,  so  far  as  is  known,  have  never 
been  collected.  He  is  another  illustration 
of  the  fallacy  of  Sidney  Smith's  statement, 
that  it  requires  a  surgical  operation  to  get  a 
joke  into  a  Scotchman's  head.  Mr.  Brym- 
ner's work  is  gaining,  year  by  year,  in  repu- 
tation with  scholars  and  students.  Dr. 
Poole,  chairman  of  the  American  Historical 
Association,  says  that  the  archives  "under 
the  care  of  Mr.  Brymner  forms  the  most 
valuable  collection  of  manuscripts  for  his- 
torical purposes  to  be  found  on  this  conti- 
nent." (Library  Journal  for  1877,  p.  458.) 
Dr.  George  Stewart,  jr.,  president  of  the 
Literary  and  Historical  Society  of  Quebec, 
says  in  Canadian  Leaves,  "  Mr.  Douglas 
Brymner  has  really  created  the  department 
of  archives,  and  made  it  one  of  the  most 
efficient  in  the  public  service  of  Canada." 
Other  historical  writers  express  the  highest 
opinion  of  the  value  of  the  work  in  progress, 
and  the  annual  reports  are  now  eagerly 
looked  for. 

Cameron,  Allan,  M.D.,  Owen  Sound 
Ontario,  was  born  at  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
on  the  30th  December,  1830.  His  father, 
Daniel  Allan  Cameron,  was  the  only  son  of 
Allan  Cameron,  at  one  time  lieutenant 
and  adjutant  of  H.  B.  M.  1st  regiment  of 
foot.  His  mother,  Margaret  Fisher  Buchan, 
was  a  niece  of  the  late  James  Ewing,  of 
Strathleven.  He  was  educated  in  Glasgow, 
at  the  Collegiate  Institute  and  High  School. 
He  afterwards  entered  as  a  medical  student 
at  the  Glasgow  University,  graduating  in 
the  year  1853  as  Doctor  of  Medicine.  In 
the  following  year  he  obtained  the  diploma 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
Glasgow,  and  coming  to  Canada,  in  1854,  was 
granted  the  provincial  license  to  practice  his 
profession  in  the  province  of  Ontario.  In 


808 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


1886  was  registered  as  a  member  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Pyhsicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario, 
and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Ontario 
College  of  Pharmacy.  In  1873,  he  was 
appointed  coroner  for  the  county  of  Grey. 
He  has  held  various  offices  in  the  Masonic 
lodge,  and  in  the  chapter,  and  also  in  the 
lodges  of  Oddfellows  and  Foresters.  He 
was  married  in  June,  1857,  to  Elizabeth 
Hartley,  of  Keighley,  Yorkshire,  England. 
Robert§on,  Henry,  LL.B.,  Barris- 
ter, Collingwood,  Ontario,  was  born  in  the 
township  of  Whitchurch,  county  of  York, 
in  the  province  of  Ontario,  on  the  31st  May, 
1840.  He  is  of  Scottish  descent,  his  father 
being  John  Robertson,  a  native  of  Edin- 
burgh, and  his  mother,  Catherine  Smith.  He 
was  educated  at  the  Central  School,  Hamil- 
ton, and  the  Grammar  School  at  Barrie.  He 
then  entered  the  University  of  Toronto, 
where  he  distinguished  himself  as  a  close 
student  of  law,  and  graduated  as  LL.B.,  in 
June,  1861.  On  being  called  to  the  bar  in 
August,  1861,  he  commenced  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Collingwood,  and  succeeded 
in  building  up  a  good  law  practice,  which  he 
still  continues  in  that  enterprising  town. 
He  joined  the  volunteer  force  in  1868,  and 
served  as  second  lieutenant  in  the  Colling- 
wood garrison  battery  of  artillery  until  1870. 
In  municipal  matters  he  has  always  taken  a 
prominent  part,  and  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Collingwood  town  council  for  several 
years,  and  deputy  reeve  in  1881  and  1882. 
He  has  also  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  edu- 
cational wants  of  Collingwood  and  vicinity, 
and  has  served  as  member  of  the  High 
School  Board  for  six  years,  being  chairman 
in  1873  and  1874  ;  and  also  chairman  of  the 
Public  School  Board  in  1877  and  1878.  But 
it  is  in  the  fraternal  societies  of  our  Domi- 
nion that  Mr.  Robertson's  name  is  most 
widely  known.  He  has  filled  the  highest  of- 
fices in  the  gift  of  the  various  societies  he 
has  joined,  and  from  his  knowledge  of  law 
has  safely  directed  them  over  many  a  knotty 
point.  In  1861  he  joined  the  Masonic  craft  ; 
in  1870  he  was  elected  grand  junior  ward- 
er of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Canada  ;  in  ]  872 
and  1873  he  was  district  deputy  grand  mast- 
er of  the  Toronto  district  ;  in  1884  and  1885 
he  was  elected  deputy  grand  master,  and  in 
1886  grand  master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Canada,  and  this  position  he  still  holds.  He 
ia  the  author  «f  a  wdrk  on  Masonic  jurispru- 
dence. In  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows  he  has  likewise  held  responsible  po- 
sitions, having  joined  that  order  in  1869, 
he  was  grand  warden  in  1880  ;  deputy  grand 
master  in  1881,  and  grand  master  in  1832. 


He  has  been  prominently  connected  with 
various  other  societies  and  organizations, 
Mechanics'  Institutes,  etc.  In  politics  he  is 
a  Reformer,  and  has  held  office  for  a  number 
of  years  in  the  local  and  county  Reform  As- 
sociation, and  was  president  ^  of  the  West 
Riding  of  Simcoe  Reform  Association  in 
1885  and  1886.  He  was  married  July  9th, 
1866,  to  Bethia,  third  daughter  of  the  late 
John  Rose,  of  Bradford,  and  has  two  daugh- 
ters,— the  eldest,  Madge  R.  Robertson,  is 
an  honor  undergraduate  of  the  University 
of  Toronto. 

Black,  William  Teil,  M.D.,  Wind- 
sor, Nova  Scotia,  was  born  at  St.  Martin's, 
New  Brunswick,  about  sixty  years  ago. 
His  father  was  Thomas  Henry  Black,  of 
county  Armagh,  Ireland,  who  married 
Mary  E.  Fouries,  of  St.  Martin's.  Dr. 
Black  was  educated  at  the  public  gram- 
mar school  in  St.  Martin's.  Having 
finished  his  classical  course,  he  adopted  the 
profession  of  medicine,  and  pursued  his 
studies  with  great  success.  He  served  on 
the  medical  staff  of  the  army  of  the  north 
during  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  and  became 
a  very  skilful  physician  in  the  varied  and 
difficult  practice  which  it  was  his  lot  to  at- 
tend during  that  fierce  and  sanguinary  con- 
flict. He  enjoys  a  pension  from  the  United 
States  government,  in  consideration  of  his 
services  as  a  physician.  When  the  war  was 
over,  Dr.  Black  settled  down  as  a  regular 
practitioner  in  St.  Andrew's,  N.  B.,  where 
his  great  abilities,  and  the  knowledge  of  the 
healing  and  surgical  arts,  secured  to  him 
an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice.  St. 
Andrew's  is  the  "near  neighbor,"  of  Callais, 
Maine,  and  the  spirit  of  the  eager,  restless 
Yankee  has  been  communicated  to  the  New 
Brunswick  sea  port.  St.  Andrew's  is  one  of 
the  most  lively  and  flourishing  towns  in 
New  Brunswick.  After  many  years  of  this 
bustling  life,  Dr.  Black  thought  he  would 
like  to  choose  an  interior  town  in  Nova 
Scotia,  for  rest.  His  brother,  Dr.  J.  B. 
Black,  had  settled  there,  and  that  was  an 
additional  inducement,  besides  the  agricul- 
tural facilities  of  the  place,  for  which  it  is 
noted.  He  purchased  a  farm  at  Curry's 
Corner,  in  Windsor,  built  a  handsome  cot- 
tage, and  further  ornamented  the  beautiful 
sloping  grounds  with  barns  and  outbuild- 
ings of  modern  style  of  construction.  He 
removed  from  St.  Andrew's  in  1884,  and 
made  his  permanent  home  in  Windsor. 
There  was  an  orchard  of  apple  trees  on  the 
farm,  which  he  has  re-stocked.  He  has  also 
laid  out  the  grounds  in  a  new  style,  and 
has  planted  numerous  shade  trees  along 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


809 


the  highway,  and  beside  the  green  lawns  and 
grassy  slopes.  The  planning  and  carrying 
out  his  ideas,  in  connection  with  this  work, 
will  give  him  plenty  to  do  during  the  next 
few  years.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  how- 
ever, and  he  could  not  have  selected  a 
spot  where  his  work  would  tell  sooner, 
or  to  better  advantage.  Dr.  Black  married 
Fanny  Cutts,  whose  father  was  an  officer  in 
the  custom  house,  at  St.  Andrew's.  She 
is  a  prominent  worker  in  the  Baptist 
church,  in  Windsor,  and,  possessing  excel- 
lent and  carefully  cultivated  vocal  powers, 
is  a  leader  of  the  church  choir.  Dr.  Black 
has  not  opened  an  office  for  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Windsor,  but  his  acknow- 
ledged skill  and  great  experience  and  train- 
ing render  his  services  as  a  consulting 
physician  in  considerable  demand,  both  by 
patients  and  by  the  resident  physicians  in 
the  town  and  neighborhood.  Being  possess- 
ed of  ample  means  and  leisure,  he  can  in  his 
new  residence  spend  the  afternoon  of  his 
life  in  a  very  enviable  enjoyment  of  ease 
and  healthy  recreation.  In  politics,  he  is 
a  sympathiser  with  the  Liberal  party,  al- 
though he  does  not  take  a  very  prominent 
part  in  the  cause.  He  is,  like  Mrs.  Black, 
an  adherent  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Wind- 
sor, Nova  Scotia. 

de  Lottinville,  Jean  Bapti§ie  Se- 
vere Lemaitre,  Three  Rivers,  Province 
of  Quebec,  Advocate,  and  Prothonotary  of 
the  Superior  Court  for  the  district  of  Three 
Rivers,  Quebec  province,  was  born  at  Three 
Rivers,  November,  1841.  His  father  was 
J  oseph  Octave  Lemaitre  de  Lottinville,  and 
his  mother  Lucy  Beaudry.  He  is  descended 
from  one  of  the  oldest  French  families  in 
Canada.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Seminary  of  Nicolet,  and  completed  his 
classical  and  legal  studies  at  Montreal  with 
success  and  brilliancy,  where  he  was  called 
to  the  bar  in  January,  1866.  He  then  set- 
tled at  Three  Rivers,  where  he  practised 
his  profession  for  many  years.  Mr.  de  Lot- 
tinville also  obtained,  in  1866,  his  diploma  at 
the  Military  College  of  Montreal.  In  poli- 
tics he  has  always  upheld  the  cause  of  the 
Liberals,  taking  an  active  part  in  political 
contests,  and  using  his  influence  and  talents 
for  the  furtherance  and  in  the  interests  of 
his  party.  In  1887  he  was  appointed  by  the 
government  of  Quebec  as  a  prothonotary  of 
the  Superior  Court  for  the  district  of  Three 
Rivers.  Mr.  de  Lottinville  married  in  Octo- 
ber, 1875,  Emma,  eldest  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Whiteford,  merchant,  Three  Rivers, 
who  died  in  May,  1887.  Still  in  the  prime 
of  life,  and  endowed  with  unusual  talents, 


the  career  and  future  life  of  Mr.  de  Lottin- 
ville will  no  doubt  occupy  a  conspicuous  po- 
sition in  Canadian  history. 

l>y  in  oiid,  Alfred  Hutch  in  soil,  Sup- 
erintendent of  the  Asylum  for  the  Blind, 
Brantford,  was  born  at  Croydon,  County  of 
Surrey,  England,  on  August  21  st,  1827 .  He 
was  educated  at  the  public  school  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends  at  that  place,  of  which  in- 
stitution his  father,  Henry  Dymond,  was 
for  some  time  the  superintendent.  He  was 
engaged  in  early  life  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
but  devoted  himself  chiefly,  from  the  time 
of  attaining  manhood  till  thirty  years  of  age, 
to  advocating  the  abolition  of  capital  punish- 
ment, lecturing  in  behalf  of  that  movement 
in  all  parts  of  England,  and  exerting  himself 
frequently  with  success  in  behalf  of  persons 
under  sentence  of  death,  where  the  justice 
of  the  conviction  was  open  to  doubt,  or 
where  ameliorating  circumstances  appeared 
to  justify  clemency.  Many  of  his  experi- 
ences while  so  engaged  were  related  in  a 
book  published  by  him  in  1865,  entitled, 
"  The  Law  on  its  Trial,"  not  a  few  of  the  in- 
cidents recorded  being  of  thrilling  interest. 
He  was  also  the  author  of  numerous  pam- 
phlets and  brochures  on  the  same  question, 
and  all  of  these  productions  showed  careful 
research,  and  fresh,  vigorous  thought.  In 
1857  he  received  an  appointment  on  the  staff 
of  the  Morning  Star  newspaper, then  recently 
established  in  London  as  the  representative 
of  advanced  Liberal  principles,  and  of  which 
Mr.  Cobden,  Mr.  Bright,  and  other  Liberal 
political  leaders,  were  active  promoters.  He 
became  ultimately  general  manager  of  the 
Star,  and  continued  to  hold  that  position  un- 
til its  amalgamation,  in  1869,  with  the  Lon- 
don Daily  News.  During  his  connection  with 
the  Star,  he  had  for  his  colleagues  or  asso- 
ciates, among  others,  Justin  McCarthy,  now 
M.P.  for  Deny  ;  Sir  John  Gorrie,  now 
chief  justice  of  the  Leeward  Islands  ;  Ed- 
ward Russell,  editor  of  the  Liverpool  Daily 
Post  ;  Charles  A.  Cooper,  editor  of  the 
Edinburgh  Scotsman,  the  late  Dr.  Faucher, 
afterwards  a  prominent  member  of  the  Ger- 
man parliament  ;  Frederick  W.  Chesson,  so 
often  heard  of  as  the  secretary  of  the  Abo- 
rigines' Protection  Society  ;  William  Black,, 
the  novelist  ;  and  Archibald  Forbes,  the  fa- 
mous war  correspondent.  The  two  last- 
named  gentlemen  received  their  first  com- 
missions on  the  London  press  from  Mr. 
Dymond's  hands.  In  October,  1869,  he  re- 
moved with  his  family  to  Toronto,  and 
joined  the  staff  of  the  Toronto  Globe.  During 
the  nine  years  of  his  connection  with  that 
paper  he  wrote  a  large  portion  of  its  politi- 


810 


A  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF 


cal  leading  articles.  Shortly  after  settl- 
ing in  Toronto  he  commenced  to  take  an 
active  part  in  political  affairs,  particularly 
during  the  Ontario  elections  of  1871,  and 
the  Dominion  elections  of  1873.  At  the 
general  election  of  January,  1874,  follow- 
ing on  the  downfall  of  the  Macdonald  gov- 
ernment, after  the  Pacific  Scandal  disclo- 
sures, Mr.  Dymond  was  elected  after  a  con- 
test, by  a  majority  of  338,  for  the  North 
Riding  of  the  county  of  York,  his  opponent 
being  William  Thorue,  the  warden  of  the 
county.  He  represented  North  York  during 
the  succeeding  five  sessions,  giving  a  warm 
support  to  the  Hon.  Alexander  Mackenzie's 
administration,  and  taking  a  very  active 
part  both  in  debates  and  the  work  of  com- 
mittees. At  the  general  election  in  Septem- 
ber, 1878,  he  was  again,  on  the  unanimous 
invitation  of  the  Liberal  party  in  the  rid- 
ing, a  candidate  for  North  York,  but  under 
the  adverse  influences  of  the  so-called  Na- 
tional Policy  reaction,  was  defeated  by  a 
majority  of  ten  votes.  He  took  a  very 
active  part  in  connection  with  the  local  elec- 
tions of  1879,  in  editing  the  literature  of 
the  campaign,  and  addressing  public  meet- 
ings. He  acted  on  several  occasions  as  a 
commissioner  in  municipal  investigations, 
under  appointments  from  the  Ontario  gov- 
Government.  In  1830,  he  was  appointed  the 
executive  officer  and  a  member  of  the  Onta- 
rio Agricultural  Commission,  the  results  of 
which  appeared  during  the  session  of  1881, 
in  the  shape  of  five  bulky  volumes,  including 
the  Report  and  its  Appendices,  the  compila- 
tion of  the  Report,  and  arrangement  and  revi- 
sion of  the  whole  mass  of  evidence  being  ac- 
complished by  Mr.  Dymond  in  less  than  three 
months.  In  April,  1881,  he  was  appointed 
by  the  Ontario  Government,  Principal  of  the 
Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind 
at  Brantford,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
While  in  England  Mr.  Dymond  was  identi- 
fied with  efforts  for  parliamentary  reform, 
the  extension  of  the  suffrage,  and  the  repeal 
of  all  impediments  to  free  and  cheap  litera- 
ture. He  was  also  a  most  enthusiastic  sup- 
porter of  the  Northern  cause  during  the 
American  Civil  War.  While  a  member  of 
the  Canadian  Parliament,  he  carried  through 
a  bill  to  enable  persons  charged  with  com- 
mon assault  to  give  evidence  in  their  own 
behalf,  the  first  measure  embodying  such  a 
principle  in  Canadian  criminal  legislation. 
During  the  Dunkin  Act  agitation  in  Toron- 
to, he  was  Vice-President  of  the  association 
to  promote  the  adoption  of  the  Act,  and 
presided  at  most  of  the  large  open  air  gath- 
erings held  in  the  Amphitheatre  on  Yonge 


street,  in  favour  of  the  Act.  Mr.  Dymond, 
while  in  Parliament,  assisted  materially  in 
the  adoption  of  the  present  Temperance  Act, 
popularly  known  as  the  Scott  Act.  He  has 
always  advocated  the  principles  of  Free 
Trade,  so  far  as  they  may  be  found  compati- 
ble with  revenue  necessities.  He  took,  when 
in  Parliament,  a  liberal  view  of  the  Pacific 
Railway  policy,  as  necessary  to  the  wants 
and  exigencies  of  the  Dominion,  while  op- 
posed to  undue  haste  in  its  construction, 
or  to  any  arrangements  calculated  to  retard 
the  free  settlement  of  the  North- West.  He 
has  always  advocated  the  broadest  exten- 
sion of  Provincial  rights  as  opposed  to  Fed- 
eral centralization.  He  has  been  since  early 
life  a  member  of  the  Anglican  Church,  and 
has  of  late  years  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
affairs  of  that  Church,  both  locally  and  as  a 
member  of  the  Diocesan  Synod  of  Huron, 
to  which  Brantford  belong.  He  married, 
in  1852,  Miss  Helen  Susannah  Henderson, 
of  London,  England,  and  has  a  large  family 
of  sons  and  daughters.  As  a  writer  upon 
political  topics,  Mr.  Dymond  occupies  a  pro- 
minent position.  As  a  parliamentarian,  he 
was  industrious,  vigorous,  and  always  effec- 
tive. His  absence  from  Parliament  now  is  a 
serious  loss  to  his  party  and  to  the  country. 
Pclland,  Ba§ile  Elic,  Berthierville, 
Registrar  of  the  County  of  Berthier,  Que- 
bec province,  was  born  in  Berthier,  August 
6th,  1842,  and  is  the  son  of  Basile  Pel- 
land,  a  worthy  farmer,  and  Rose  de  Lima 
Laferriere,  of  the  same  place,  both  belong- 
ing to  two  of  the  most  distinguished  and 
ancient  families  of  Berthier.  Mr.  Pelland 
was  educated  at  the  Jacques  C  artier  Normal 
School,  Montreal,  and  at  Bourget  College, 
Rigaud,  where  he  developed  talents  which 
induced  him  to  adopt  law  as  a  profession. 
With  this  object  in  view  he  studied  with  J. 
O.  Chalut,  notary  of  Berthier,  with  such 
success  that  in  1 867  he  was  appointed  notary, 
and  commenced  to  practise  in  Berthier.  In 
a  few  years,  by  his  talents  and  energy,  he 
built  up  a  large  and  lucrative  business,  and 
having  gained  the  confidence  and  esteem  of 
his  fellow-townsmen,  was  elected  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  town  council,  and  commis- 
sioner of  schools  and  the  agricultural  society. 
He  was  appointed  registrar  of  the  county  of 
Berthier,  in  1874 .  In  politics  he  is  a  Con- 
servative and  a  staunch  and  reliable  worker 
in  the  interests  of  his  party.  In  religion, 
he  is  a  Roman  Catholic,  and  greatly  re- 
spected by  his  neighbors  generally.  He  is 
married  to  Marie  Louise  Chene vert,  daughter 
of  Theophile  Chenevert,  merchant,  of  St. 
Cuthbert. 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


811 


niacdonald,   Robert  Tyre,  M.D., 

UM.,  M.C.P.S.,  Sutton,  Quebec  province, 
was  born  at  Ellerslie,  Brockville,  August  1, 
1856.  His  father  was  a  graduate  in  arts  of 
Edinburgh  University,  who  came  to  Canada 
when  quite  a  young  man  and  entered  into 
mercantile  pursuits  at  Dundee,  Que.,  where 
he  soon  amassed  a  fortune,  and  afterwards  re- 
moved to  Brockville,  where  he  continued  his 
mercantile  calling.  He  claimed  descent  from 
the  "  Lords  of  the  Isles,"  Dunvegan  Castle, 
Isle  of  Skye,  being  the  family  seat.  His 
mother  was  Elizabeth  Elliott  Ogilvie,  daugh- 
ter of  Captain  Alexander  Ogilvie,  and  niece 
of  the  late  Col.  Davidson.  His  family  were 
noted  in  Scottish  history  for  having  been 
custodians  of  the  Scottish  crown.  The  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  received  his  early  educa- 
tion by  private  tuition,  and  afterwards  en- 
tered Fort  Covington  Academy.  After  leav- 
ing school  he  was  for  a  time  in  the  em- 
ploy of  S.  J.  Howel  &  Bro.  of  Millbrook, 
Ont. ,  and  also  with  T  B .  Collins  of  the  same 
place.  He  came  to  Montreal  in  1875,  and 
entered  the  wholesale  establishment  of  B. 
Levin  &  Co.,  leaving  there  in  1876  to 
enter  McGill  University  as  a  student  in 
medicine,  and  graduated  with  distinction  in 
1881.  He  is  surgeon  in  the  52nd  Battalion 
Brome  Light  Infantry,  surgeon  Sou th-E ast- 
ern Railway,  and  medical  health  officer, 
township  of  Sutton.  Has  been  twice  elected 
master  of  Sutton  Lodge,  No.  39,  A.F.  & 
A.M.  Is  at  present  district  deputy  grand 
mast  A.F.  &  A.M.,  for  counties  of  Shefford, 
and  Brome.  He  is  unmarried,  and  in  en- 
joyment of  a  large  and  lucrative  practice. 

JHasoii.  Thos.  O,,  Toronto,  Ontario, 
was  born  at  Ivybridge,  Devonshire,  Eng- 
land, and  when  seven  years  of  age  came  to 
Canada  with  his  parents,  settling  in  Toron- 
to. He  received  his  early  schooling  from 
J.  R.  Mair,  so  well  known  as  a  success- 
ful teacher,  and  by  whom  many  of  Toron- 
to's prominent  citizens  were  first  introduced 
to  the  classics.  Mr.  Mason's  business  ca- 
reer commenced  in  1849,  when  he  entered 
the  Globe  office  as  a  junior  clerk,  J.  C. 
Fitch  being  at  the  time  manager  of  the  of- 
fice. In  those  early  days  the  Globe  was  pub- 
lished only  three  times  per  week,  Mr.  Ma- 
son having  charge  of  the  mailing  depart- 
ment. In  1854  he  became  assistant  book- 
keeper for  the  firm  of  A.  &  S.  Nordheimer, 
and  remained  with  them  seventeen  years. 
It  was  at  the  close  of  this  thorough  and 
successful  business  apprenticeship — namely, 
in  1871 — that  Mr.  Mason,  in  association 
with  V.  M.  Risch,  founded  the  present 
firm  of  Mason  &  Risch,  as  dealers  in  and 


importers  of  pianofortes  and  musical  instru- 
ments, and  by  the  energy  displayed  and  the 
superior  business  methods  adopted,  they 
gradually  established  themselves  as  one  of 
the  most  successful  business  firms  in  To- 
ronto. Being  thoroughly  conversant  with 
the  subtle  and  difficult  science  of  acoustics 
which  their  lengthened  experience  had  given 
them,  and  being  withal  practical  men, 
they  directed  their  attention  to  the  con- 
struction and  development  of  the  piano- 
forte, and  in  1878  began  their  manufacture, 
keeping  the  central  idea  steadily  in  view  of 
building  up  and  winning  a  reputation  for  a 
Canadian  pianoforte  of  the  highest  standard 
worthy  to  rank  with  those  ef  the  most  fam- 
ous makers  in  Europe  or  the  United  States. 
To  this  end,  and  to  carry  out  their  high 
artistic  ideas,  both  members  of  the  firm  tra- 
velled through  the  principal  manufacturing 
countries  of  Europe  in  search  of  skilled 
artisans  and  the  highest  grade  of  materials 
with  which  to  stock  their  factory  ;  and  un- 
questionably it  is  to  this  foresight  and  care, 
coupled  with  the  thorough  knowledge  of 
their  work,  and  natural  artistic  talent,  that 
the  excellence  of  the  Mason  &  Risch  piano- 
fortes is  attributable.  In  this  connection  it 
cannot  be  out  of  place,  or  other  than 
gratifying  to  Canadians  to  refer  to  the  dis- 
tinguished compliment  which  the  late  Dr. 
Franz  Liszt  paid  the  firm  in  sending 
them  a  full-sized  portrait  of  himself,  paint- 
ed by  the  eminent  artist  Baron  Joukou- 
sky.  This  painting  is  one  of  the  finest 
works  of  art  in  the  Dominion.  In  1886 
the  firm  exhibited  their  pianofortes  at 
the  memorable  Colonial  and  Indian  Ex- 
hibition, which  took  place  in  London,  Eng- 
land. The  preeminence  given  them  there, 
and  the  high  professional  testimony  of  the 
highest  English  muscial  authorities,  placed 
their  pianos  in  the  foremost  rank,  and  of 
which  Canada  may  well  be  proud.  That 
year  Mr.  Mason  was  honored  by  being  elect- 
ted  a  member  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Arts,  London,  of  which  His  Royal  High- 
ness the  Prince  of  Wales  is  president,  and 
also  was  made  a  member  of  the  Musical  As- 
sociation of  Great  Britain,  of  which  the  Rev. 
Sir  Frederick  A.  Gore  Ousley,  Bart.,  M.A., 
Mus.  Doc.  Oxon. ,  and  Prof,  of  Music,  Uni- 
versity, Oxford,  is  president.  This  society 
was  formed  May,  1874,  for  the  investigation 
and  discussion  of  subjects  connected  with  the 
art  and  science  of  music,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  influential  musical  associations  in  the 
world.  As  a  business  man,  Mr.  Mason  is 
both  cautious  and  bold.  He  seldom  acts 
rashly  or  from  impulse.  He  weighs  every 


812 


A  CYCLOPEDIA  OF 


business  matter  that  comes  before  him  with 
almost  judicial  calmness,  and  when  any  new 
enterprise  commends  itself  to  his  approval 
he  acts  with  decision  and  throws  all  his  en- 
ergy into  it.  It  is,  therefore,  not  surprising 
that  success  generally  crowns  his  undertak- 
ings. In  politics  Mr.  Mason  belongs  to  no 
party,  but  judging  him  by  his  conversation 
we  are  inclined  to  class  him  as  a  Liberal 
with  modified  Conservative  leanings.  Above 
all  things,  he  is  a  British  Canadian,  and 
zealous  for  the  honor  of  his  adopted  country. 
He  believes  that  Canadians  have  as  much 
brain  power,  and  as  much  mental  and  physi- 
cal abilities  to  work  out  their  own  destiny 
as  the  people  of  the  United  States,  or  in  fact 
any  people  in  the  world.  The  only  thing 
they  seem  to  lack,  in  his  estimation,  is  na- 
tional unity,  and  faith  in  their  own  glorious 
future.  Time  and  circumstances,  he  thinks, 
will  cure  this  at  no  distant  day.  Mr.  Mason 
belongs  to  the  Methodist  church,  and  in  the 
erection  of  the  Metropolitan  Church  in  this 
city  took  a  very  active  part.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  secretary  of  the  trustee 
Board,  and  by  his  influence  as  a  member  of 
the  musical  committee  of  that  church,  has 
contributed  largely  to  the  placing  the  musi- 
cal part'of  the  service  on  its  present  highly 
satisfactory  state. 

Hincks,  Sir  Franci§,  was  born  at  Cork, 
on  the  14th  of  December,  1807.  He  was  a 
son  of  Dr.  T.  D.  Hincks,  a  member  of  the 
Irish  (Unitarian)  Presbyterian  Church,  a  very 
distinguished  scholar  and  an  exceedingly 
worthy  man.  Francis,  the  subject  of  the 
present  sketch,  commenced  his  education 
under  his  father,  at  Fermoy,  and  continued 
it  in  the  classical  and  mathematical  school 
of  the  Belfast  Institution,  then  presided 
over  by.  Dr.  James  Thompson,  afterwards 
professor  of  mathematics  at  the  University 
of  Glasgow.  In  the  month  of  November, 
1822,  he  entered  the  collegiate  department 
of  the  institution,  and  attended  the  logic 
and  belles  lettres,  and  the  Greek  and  Latin 
classes  during  the  winter  session.  But,  in 
May,  1823,  he  expressed  a  desire  to  be  a 
merchant,  and  it  was  finally  arranged  that  he 
should  be  articled  for  five  years  to  the  house 
of  John  Martin  &  Co.,  previous  to  which, 
however,  he  had  three  or  four  months'  in- 
itiation into  business  habits  in  the  office  of 
his  father's  friend,  Samuel  Bruce,  a  notary 
public  and  agent.  The  period  for  which  he 
was  articled  terminated  in  October,  1828, 
but  he  continued  with  the  firm  until  the  be- 
->ing  of  1830,  when  he  sailed  to  the  West 
is  supercargo  of  one  of  Messrs.  Mar- 
sels.  He  visited  Jamaica, 


Barbadoes,  Trinidad  and  Demerara,  but  not 
meeting  with  an  inducement  to  settle  in 
any  of  these  colonies,  he  agreed  to  accom- 
pany a  Canadian  gentleman,  whom  he  met 
at  Barbadoes,  to  Canada,  and  proceeded  to 
Montreal  and  Toronto,  his  object  being  to 
ascertain  the  nature  of  Canadian  commerce 
and  business.  Having  gleaned  the  informa- 
tion he  desired,  he  returned  to  Belfast  in 
1831.  In  the  following  summer,  having  de- 
termined to  settle  in  Canada,  he  married 
the  second  daughter  of  Alexander  Stewart, 
a  merchant  of  Belfast,  and  soon  after  sailed 
to  New  York,  and  proceeded  to  Toronto, 
and  took  up  his  abode  in  a  house  belong- 
ing to  Mr.  Baldwin.  Mr.  Hincks  soon  ob- 
tained a  high  reputation  for  knowledge  of 
business,  and  when  Wm.  Lyon  Mackenzie 
attacked  Mr.  Merritt  and  others  respecting 
the  Welland  canal,  and  obtained  a  parlia- 
mentary investigation,  he  was  chosen,  with 
another  merchant,  to  examine  the  accounts. 
He  was  also  appointed  secretary  to  the  Mu- 
tual Insurance  Company,  and  cashier  to  a 
new  banking  company.  On  the  appoint- 
ment of  Lord  Durham  to  the  government  of 
Canada,  Mr.  Hincks  commenced  the  Exami- 
iier  newspaper,  in  the  editorship  of  which  he 
displayed  such  remarkable  vigour  and  talent, 
that  he  was  invited  to  become  a  candidate 
for  the  representation  of  the  county  of  Ox- 
ford in  the  first  parliament  held  after  the 
union  of  the  upper  and  lower  provinces. 
The  election  was  held  in  March,  1841,  when 
Mr.  Hincks  was  returned  by  a  majority  of 
thirty-one  over  his  opponent,  a  gentleman 
named  Carroll.  Shortly  after  his  election, 
he  was  appointed  by  Sir  Charles  Bagot  in- 
spector-general, and  was  obliged,  in  conse- 
quence, to  vacate  his  seat  and  return  for 
re-election.  He  was  opposed  by  John 
Armstrong,  who  abandoned  the  contest  at 
noon  on  the  third  day,  Mr.  Hincks  hav- 
ing a  majority  of  218.  When  Lord  Met- 
calfe  dissolved  the  Canadian  parliament  in 
1844,  Mr.  Hincks  was  defeated,  his  oppo- 
nents being  Robert  Riddle  (a  son-in-law 
of  Admiral  Vansittart),  who  was  returned 
by  a  majority  of  twenty  over  Mr.  Hincks, 
and  the  Hon.  Thomas  Parke,  who  did  not 
go  to  the  poll.  In  1848,  however,  he  was 
declared  elected  by  the  legislature,  by  the 
large  majority  of  three  hundred  and  thirty- 
five  over  his  old  opponent,  Mr.  Carroll, 
although  the  returning-officer  had  declared 
Mr.  Carroll  elected  through  some  legal 
technicality  in  Mr.  Hincks'  qualification. 
Having  for  the  second  time  accepted  the 
office  of  inspector-general  under  the  admin- 
istration of  his  first  friend  in  Canada,  Mr. 


y 


CANADIAN  BIOGRAPHY. 


813 


Baldwin,  he  was  re-elected  without  opposi- 
tion. Upon  the  reconstruction  of  the  minis- 
try, consequent  on  the  retirement  of  Mr. 
Baldwin,  owing  to  his  impaired  health,  Mr. 
Hincks  was,  through  the  strong  expression  of 
public  opinion,  named  prime  minister  by  the 
governor-general,  and  until  the  latter  part 
of  1854,  held  that  post  with  distinguished 
honour,  and  with  the  confidence  and  respect 
of  all  the  good  men  of  every  political  de- 
nomination in  Canada.  On  his  return  to 
Canada,  from  a  visit  to  England,  he  was 
elected  to  represent  the  south  riding  of  Ox- 
ford for  the  fifth  time,  by  a  majority  of  64 
over  his  opponent,  J.  G.  Vansittart,  a  son 
of  Admiral  Vansittart,  of  Woodstock,  Ont., 
and  therefore  a  rather  formidable  opponent . 
After  the  resignation  of  the  Hincks-Dorion 
administration,  in  1854,  Mr.  Hincks  crossed 
the  Atlantic  for  a  long  holiday,  after  the 
years  of  turmoil  and  corroding  care  which 
had  fallen  to  him  by  virtue  of  his  active  life, 
and  his  prominent  place  in  public  affairs. 
During  his  absence,  through  Sir  William 
Molesworth,  he  was  appointed  governor 
of  Barbadoes  and  the  Windward  Islands. 
At  the  close  of  the  term  there,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  governor-generalship  of  British 
Guiana.  In  1869,  on  the  recommendation 
of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  he  was  created 
a  Knight  C.  M.  G.  In  1869  he  returned 
to  England,  and  thence  passed  over  to 
Canada,  where,  on  the  invitation  of  Sir 
John  A.  Macdonald,  he  entered  the  ministry 
as  finance  minister,  in  place  of  Sir  John 
Rose,  resigned.  \  le  retained  his  portfolio 
till  1873,  when  h)  resigned,  and  withdrew 
from  public  life.  /  There  is  no  public  man 
living,  it  can  far,  y  be  said,  whose  whole 
career  has  been  \  ore  creditable  to  himself 
and  to  the  country  than  has  been  that  of 
Sir  Francis  Hincks.  He  died  at  the  age 
of  seventy-eight,  in  the  city  of  Montreal, 
on  the  38th  of  August,  1885,  deeply  re- 
gretted by  his  many  friends  and  admirers. 
Sir  Francis  was  twice  married.  His  first 
wife  died  in  1874,  and  the  following  year  he 


married  the  widow  of  the  late  Hon.  Justice 
Sullivan  of  Toronto,  who  survived  him. 

Elli§,  Ja§.  E.,  of  the  firm  of  Jas.  E.  Ellis 
&  Co.,  jewellers,  Toronto,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Liverpool,  England,  on  the  22nd  of 
February,  1842.  The  firm  of  which  he  is 
now  a  member  was  founded  in  1836  by  the 
Rossin  Brothers,  and  was  purchased  from 
them  by  his  father,  Jas.  E.  Ellis,  sen.,  in  1852 
since  which  time  it  has  been  successfully  car- 
ried on,  and  is  now  one  of  the  leading  dia- 
mond and  jewellery  houses  in  Canada,  hav- 
ing moved  to  their  present  fine  and  commo- 
dious premises  in  1881.  Our  subject  was 
educated  at  Upper  Canada  College,  which 
he  left  in  1857.  In  1859  he  went  to  the  Red 
River  settlement,  where  he  remained  until 
1862,  hunting  and  trading  with  the  native 
population.  On  his  return  he  became  an 
active  member  of  the  firm,  and  since  that 
time  has  taken  a  leading  part  in  the  man- 
agement of  its  affairs.  Being  at  all  times 
partial  to  out-door  sports,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  became  one  of  the  Edrol  four- oared 
crew,  in  the  days  when  races  were  races  (of 
four  miles),  and  rowed  against  all  comers. 
The  Edrol  Crew  defeated  the  best  profes- 
sional crew  on  the  lakes  in  those  days.  This 
crew  became  the  foundation  stone,  as  it  were, 
of  the  Toronto  Rowing  Club,  the  stroke  oar 
of  the  Edrols  being  now  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Otter.  Mr.  Ellis  is  a  member  of  the  Royal 
Canadian  Yacht  Club,  the  Toronto  Yacht 
Club,  the  National  Club,  and  Granite  Rink. 
Being  an  enthusiastic  yachtsman  he  \& 
always  ready  to  splice  a  rope  or  spin  a  yarn, 
He  was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the 
Toronto  Field  Battery,  as  well  as  a  member 
of  No.  1  company  of  rifles,  which  was  or- 
ganized by  Captain  Brook,  and  from  which 
the  Queen's  Own  sprang.  He  also  acted  as 
ensign  in  No.  1  company  10th  Royals  in 
1864  5.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Toronto 
Board  of  Trade,  and  a  life  member  of  the 
Athenaeum  Club,  Toronto.  In  politics  he 
is  a  Liberal-Conservative,  and  in  religion 
belongs  to  the  Church  of  England. 


ADDENDA. 


The  following  changes,  alterations,  and  additions  have  come  to  our  knowledge  since 
this  work  has  been  printed : — 


ANGERS,  Hon.  August  Real,  appointed  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  20th  Oc- 
tober, 1887.  (See  sketch  of  his  life,  page  242. ) 

BAILLAJBGE,  Louis  de  Gonzague,  Quebec.  (See 
sketch  of  his  life,  page  252.)  Add:  The 
church  donated  by  him  to  Pointe  aux  Esqui- 
maux, on  the  north  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  below  Tadoussac,  was  built  to- 
wards 1886.  The  house  wherein  General 
Montgomery  died,  1st  January,  1776,  and 
which  still  exists,  belongs  to  him,  and  is  on 
the  north  side  of  Louis  street,  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  City  Hall,  Quebec.  It  is  built  partly 
of  timber  and  stone,  on  a  lot  20f  feet  in 
width  by  1484  feet  in  depth,  between  the 
houses  of  Judge  Tessier  and  Michael  Collins  ; 
is  one  storey  in  height  with  an  attic,  and  is 
kept  in  repair  from  year  to  year.  The  room 
wherein  the  general  died  has  not  been  alter- 
ed. The  house  is  let  to  a  person  who  sells 
Indian  curiosities  to  American  tourists.  Part 
of  the  old  shingles  on  the  roof  were  removed 
and  replaced  by  sheet  iron.  These  shingles 
were  cut  into  small  pieces,  labelled  and  sold 
to  the  Americans  by  the  guardian  of  the  City 
Hall  at  ten  cents  each.  In  the  yard  still 
stands  an  oven  which  was  built  by  the  origi- 
nal proprietor,  M .  Botherill,who  was  a  baker. 

BINGAY,  Thomas  Van  Buskirk,  Yarmouth,  Nova 
Scotia.  (See  sketch  of  his  life,  page  550.)  In 
the  20th  line  of  the  sketch  strike  out  "  at  the 
siege  of  Saratoga,"  and  substitute  the  words, 
"  in  his  expedition  to  New  London." 

BURNS,  Rev.  Robert  Ferrier,  D.D.,  Halifax, 
elected  moderator  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Canada,  June, 
1887.  (See  sketch  of  his  life  on  page  40.) 

xJHABOT,  Julien,  Harbour  Commissioner,  Quebec. 
(See  sketch  of  his  life,  page  381.)  He  was 


married  in  1857,  not  in  1858,  as  appears  in  hi? 
sketch. 

EDGAR,  William,  General  Passenger  Agent, 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  Montreal.  (See  sketch 
of  his  life,  page  664.)  Omit  the  words  from 
"  when  he,"  on  the  21st  line,  to  the  words 
"  Western  line,"  on  the  27th  line,  and  rea4>~. 
"  when  he  was  removed  to  New  York  to  take 
charge  of  the  passenger  department  of  the 
general  extension  of  the  Great  Western  and 
Michigan  Central  Railways,  remaining  in 
that  position  until  November,  18^7.5,  when  he 
was  offered  and  accepted  the  office  of  general 
passenger  agent  of  the  Great  Western  Rail- 
way, with  head  quarters  at  Hamilton."  Add 
to  the  words  "  Grand  Trunk  Railway,"  on 
the  30th  line,  "  which  included  the  Great 
Western  system." 

FALCONBRIDGE,  William  Glenholme,  Q.C.,  Bar- 
rister, Toronto.  (See  sketch  of  his  life,  page 
64.)  Mr.  Falconbridge  was  appointed  in  No- 
vember, 1887,  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  Judicature  for  Ontario, 
Queen's  Bench  Division. 

HARRIS,  Joseph  A.,  Barrister,  Moncton,  N.B. 
(See  sketch  of  his  life,  page  126.)  Read,  "the 
late  Albert  J.  Hickman "  instead  of  "  J. 
Hickman,"  in  the  llth  line.  In  the  18th  line 
read,  "  John  J.  Fraser "  instead  of  "  J. 
Fraser."  Add  after  the  word  "  town,"  in  the 
27th  line,  the  words  "  being  counsel  for  seve- 
ral leading  corporations." 

HETHERINGTON,  George  A.,  M.D.,  St.  John, 
N.B.  (See  sketch  of  his  life,  page  298.)  Dr. 
Hetherington  was,  on  the  26th  October, 
1887,  elected  a  fellow  of  the  Gynaecological 
Society  of  London,  England. 

KENNEDY,  James  Thomas,  Indian  town,  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick,  died  June  9th,  1887.  (See 


J 


ADDENDA. 


sketch  01  his  life,  page  331. )  On  second  col- 
umn page  332,  26  lines  from  top,  read  "Lower 
Cove  "  instead  of  "  Lewes  Cove  ;  "  and  also, 
4o  lines  from  top,  read  "18th  May,  1883," 
dof  "17th  May,  1873." 

L«  >.if,  Major-GeneralJohn  Winburn,  Oakfield, 
'vrova  Scotia.  (See  sketch  of  his  life,  page 
"•56.)  Xame  should  read  "  John  Wimburn 
Laurie."  On  the  6th  line  read  Havering 
'atte  "  (instead  of  "and")  Bower.  On  14th 
line,  after  Harrow,  read  "  and"  instead  of 
"  at  "  Dresden.  On  the  31st  line,  after  the 
word  "  line,"  add  "  of  "  ;  and  in  the  44th  line 
read  "  his  "  district  for  "  the  "  district.  He 
is  now  a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons 
for  Shelburne,  N.S. 

MASSON,  Louis  Frangois  Roderique,  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Quebec  province,  resigned,  and 
Hon.  August  Real  Angers  was  appointed  his 
successor,  20th  October,  1887.  (See  sketch 
of  his  life,  page  346.) 

MSLLISH,  John  Thomas,  M.A.,  Halifax.  (See 
sketch  of  his  life,  page  246.)  Mr.  Hellish 
studied  law  in  Halifax,  in  the  office  of  Rob- 
ert Sedgewick,  Q.  C. ,  the  present  deputy 'min- 
ister of  justice  at  Ottawa,  and  was  admitted 
a  barrister  and  attorney  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  Ifebruary  24th,  1888. 

MOORE,  Alvan  Head,  Magog,  Quebec.  (See  sketch 
of  his  life,  page  567.)  Having  resigned  the 
office  of  mayor  and  councillor  of  the  town- 


ship of  Magog, he  is  now  councillor  and  mayor 
of  the  village  of  Magog,  and  also  warden  of 
the  county  of  Stanstead. 

PANNETON,  Louis  Edniond,  Q.C.,  B.C.L.,  LL.D. , 
Sherbrooke  (See  sketch  of  his  life,  page  351.) 
He  was  elected  mayor  of  the  city  of  Sher- 
brooke in  January.  1888. 

PURCELL,  Patrick,  M.P.  for  Glengarry.  (See 
sketch  of  his  life,  page  669.)  In  March, 
1888,  the  Supreme  Court  of  Canada  decided 
that  Mr.  Purcell  was  entitled  to  his  seat  in 
the  House  of  Commons,  it  having  been  con- 
tested. 

j  ROGERS,  Henry  Cassady,  Postmaster,  PeterboiV. 
(See  sketch  of  his  life,  page  147.)  Substitute 
for  the  word  "  father,"  on  the  21st  line, 
I  page  148,  first  column,  ''uncle."  In  the 
39th  line  "  Mackinaw,"  instead  of  "  Sault 
Ste.  Marie."  In  line  50  read  "  1765"  instead 
of  "1766."  In  line  51  omit  word  "above," 
and  substitute  the  words,  "first  commanding 
officer  "  ;  and  in  the  following  line,  after  the 
words  "Rogers  who,"  add  "was  the  great 
grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch." 

SHAKESPEARE,  Noah,  Victoria,  British  Columbia, 
having  retired  from  the  representation  of 
Victoria  in  the  House  of  Common?,  is  now 
(1888)  postmaster  of  Victoria,  B.C.  (See 
sketch  of  his  life,  page  297.) 

STRATFORD,  John  H.,  Brantford,  died  on  the 
14th  February,  1888.  (See  sketch  of  his  life, 
page  58.) 


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