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CX 


Tins   Edition   is   limited   to  free  hundred 
copies,  of  which  this  is  No..... 


CYCLOPEDIA    OF 

PAINTERS  AND  PAINTINGS 


VOLUME    1 1 
EAKINS— KYHN 


CYCLOPEDIA   OF 


PAINTERS  AND  PAINTINGS 


Rn   BY 

JOHN     DENISON     CHAMPLIN,    JR. 

CRITICAL    HHITOR 

CHARLES     C.    PERKINS 

Corresponding  M?tnl>er  of  tin-  French  Institute 

WITH  MORE   THAN  TWO   THOUSAND  ILLUSTRATIONS 


VOLUME  II 


NEW   YORK 
CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 

M  DCCC  LXXXVI 


Copyright,    1X85,    1886,   by 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons 


LIST   OF    ILLUSTRATIONS 


FULL-PAGE  ILLUSTRATIONS 


l\i  I-'.ue 
Page 

'•  HCCK    A  NCI  I. LA    DO.MINI 

DANTE  GABRIEL    ROSSETTl 
Plmtogravure  from  the  original  by  Messrs.  Bonssod,  Valadon  Sr  Co.,  Paris      .        4 

2.  KIGHTHHN    HUNDKEU    AND    SEVEN 

JEAN  LOUIS  ERNEST  MEISSON1EK. 
Photogravure  from  the  original  by  Messrs.  BotissoJ,  l/aladon  6-  Co.,  Paris      .       12 

}•  EVENING   AT    FINISTERE 

JULES  ADOLPHE  BRETON 
Etching  by  James  D.  Smillie 56 

4-  THE    FUGITIVES 

LEON  GLAIZE 
Lewistype  by  the  Lewis  Company,  Boston  98 


5.  THE    BAPTISM   OF 

PIERRE  PUYIS  DE  CHAYANNES 
Lewistype  by  the  Lewis  Company,  Boston  •  .121 

6.  THE   TRIUMPH    OF   GERMANICUS 

KARL   l/ON  PILOTY 

Lewistype  by  the  Lewis  Company,  Boston  .        •         •        .128 

7.  THE    HAY    HARVEST 

JULES  BAST1EN-LEPAGE 

Photogravure  from  the  original  by  Messrs.  Boussod,  Valadon  &  Co.,  Paris     .     2/7 

8.  MALARIA 

ERNEST  HEBERT 

Photogravure  from  the  original  by  Messrs.  Boussod,  Valadon  &  Co.,  Paris      .    220 

9-  HERCULES   WRESTLING   WITH    DEATH 

SIR   FREDERICK  LEIGHTON 
Photogravure  from  the  original  by  Messrs.  Boussod,  Valadon  &  Co.,  Paris     .     240 

10-  THE    EMPEROR    HONORIUS 

JEAN  PAUL   LAURENS 
Etching  by  H.  Pruitt  Share       ...  ...  .287 


n.  THE    BATTLE   OF    THE    HUNS 

WILHELM    VON  KAULBACH 
Lewistype  by  the  Lewis  Company,  Boston 

'2.  IDYL 

JEAN  JACQUES   HENNEK 
Photogravure  from  the  original  by  Messrs.  Bonssui/,  l/aladon  &  Co.,  /'tin's 


»**  The  publishers  are  indebted  for  permission  to  reproduce  the  paintings  in  this 
list  to  W.  M.  Rossetti,  Esq.,  London  (for  bis  brother's  ECCE  ANCII.LA  DOMINI);  to 
Mrs.  A.  T.  Stewart,  New  York  (for  Meissonier's  EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED  AND  SEVEN); 
to  John  A.  Mitchell,  Esq.,  Milwaukee  (for  Breton's  EVENING  AT  FINISTERE);  to 
B.  Samuelson,  Esq.,  M.  P.,  London  (for  Sir  Frederick  Leighton's  HERCULES);  to 
D.  O.  Mills,  Esq.,  New  York  (for  Laurens  HONORIUS);  to  the  French  Government 
for  copies  made  in  the  Luxembourg  gallery. 


OUTLINE  ILLUSTRATIONS    OF   PAINTINGS. 


G. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 

12. 

13. 
14. 
15. 
1G. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
2G. 

27. 
28. 
29. 


ECCE  HOMO  .............. 

EDEN,  EXPULSION  FROM  ____ 

ELEVATION  OF  CROSS  ...... 

ELIZABETH,  ST.,    OF   HUN-  j 

GAKY    .............    ) 

ENTOMBMENT  ............. 

ENTOMBMENT  ............. 

ENTOMBMENT  ............. 

EUROPA,  RAPE  OF  ......... 

EVE,  CREATION  OF  ........ 

EZEKIEL,  VISION  OF  ........ 

FEAST    IN    THE    HOUSE   OF 

- 
LEVI  .............  ) 

FEAST    IN    THE   HOUSE   OF 
THE  PHAIUSEE  ...... 

FEAST  OF  ROSE  GARLANDS  .  . 
FEDE,  LA  ................ 

FINOHLEY,  MARCH  TO  ...... 

FISHER,  KITTY  ............ 

FLIGHT  INTO  EGYPT  ....... 

FLORA  ................... 

FORNAKINA,  LA  ............ 

FORNARINA,  LA  ........... 

FORTUNE  ................ 

FRANCIS  XAVIER,  ST  ........ 

GALATEA,  TRIUMPH  OF  ...... 

GAMESTERS  ............... 

GANYMEDE,  RAPE  OF  ....... 

GEORGE,  ST.,  AND  THE  ) 


Titian  .........................  Vienna  Museum.       C 

MU.-HICCW  .....  Braucacci  Chapel,  Curmiue,  Florence  .       8 

Rubens  ......................  Antwerp  Cathedral.      14 


Academiu  8.  Fernando,  Madrid.      15 


Jliclielaii'jelo  ila  Caramyijio  .........  Vatican,  Eoiue.  21 

Raphael  ................  Palazzo  Borghese,  Rome.  21 

Titian  ............................  Louvre,  Paris  .  22 

Paolo  Veronese  ....  ........  Palazzo  Ducale,  Venice.  29 

Miehelanyelo  .  ...  ............  Sistine  Chapel,  Rome.  30 

Raphael  ...................  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence.  35 


-  Paolo  Veronese 


Paolo  Veronese, 


. 
Venice  Academy  .     45 


Albrecht  Diirer 
Titian 

William  Hogarth 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds 
Murillo 
Titian 

Sebastian  del  Piombo 
Raphael 
Guido  Reni 
liubens 
Raphael 


1  unn  Gallery  . 

Prague  Gallery  . 

Palazzo  Ducale,  Venice  . 

Foundling  Hospital,  London. 

Lord  Crewe. 

Duchesse  de  Galliera  . 

Uffizi,  Florence. 

Uffizi,  Florence. 

Palazzo  Barberini,  Rome. 

Accademia  de  S.  Luca,  Rome  . 

Vienna  Museum. 

Palazzo  Farnesina,  Rome. 


Michelangelo  da  Caravayyio  .......  Dresden  Gallery. 

Eustache  Lesueur  ...................  Louvre,  Paris  . 


46 

47 

48 

57 

59 

65 

G6 

72 

72 

74 

84 

105 

108 

108 


Raphael 


Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg.   125 


GEORGE,     ST.,     AND     THE  1 
DRAGON.  j 

GEORGE,  ST.,    MARTYRDOM 
OF 

GIORNO,  IL 


7 

lMPhad  ..........................  Louvre,  Paris.  125 

Paolo  Veronese  .......  S.  Giorgio  Maggiore,  Verona.  126 

Gorreggio  ........................  Parma  Gallery.  140 


OUTLINE  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  PAINTINGS 

PAGE 

30.  GIORGIONE,  FAMILY  OF Giorgione Palazzo  Giovanelli,  Florence.  141 

31.  GRACES,  THREE Itaphae.l Due  d'Auiuale,  Chantilly .  103 

32.  GRANICUS,  PASSAGE  OF  THE.  .  Charles  Ijebrun Louvre,  Paris.  169 

33.  GREEN  GUOCEK Gerard  Don Louvre,  Paris .  171 

34.  GREGORY,  ST.,  MIKACLE  OF  .Andrea  Sacclu    Vatican,  Koine.  17:5 

35.  HAGAR,  DISMISSAL  OF Guereino Brera,  Milan  .  11*7 

3C.  HELEN,  KAPE  OF Gnido  lleni Louvro,  Paris.  '228 

37.  HEI.ENA,  ST.,  VISION  OF.  ...  I'aolo  Vero»e.*n Vatican,  Rome.  229 

38.  HELIODORFS,  EXPULSION  OF.  Raphael Stanza  tVEliodoro,  Vatican,  Rome .  230 

39.  HENRI  IV.  AND  THE  SPANISH  I    ,  \  13aron  Alphonsc  |   , 

,  Dominique  Itinres -.    ,                ,  ..  -     .   Paris.  2.37 

AMBASSADOR )  (   tie  Rothschild,   ) 

40.  HERcri.KS,  DEATH  OF Guido  lleni Louvre,  Paris.  240 

41.  HEIWTLEN,  INFANT I'/os/uio  Carrait-i  (?) Louvre,  Paris.  241 

42.  HERMANN  AND  THI'SXELDA.  .  .  Angel  iea  K<m(fmann Vienna  Museum.  244 

43.  HEKMINIA     AT     THE      SlIEP-  )     , 

,    TT                     i-  Domenichino Louvre,  Paris.  245 

HERD  s  HOUSE ) 

44.  HILANDERAS,  LAS IW«.>»/»<'z Madrid  Museum.  257 

45.  HII.I.K  Bourn: /•'/•«».•«  Ilals Berlin  Museum.  259 

4f!.  HOLY  FAMILY /•'ederi</»  l!<ir»c<-i<> National  Gallery,  London.  274 

47.  HOLY  FAMILY /•'/•«  Harlolommco Paushanger  House,  Kngland.  274 

48.  HOLY  FAMILY Minhelunye.lo Ufli/i,  Florence .  275 

49.  HOLY  FAMILY Mnriltn Louvre,  Paris .  276 

50.  HOLY  FAMILY   (Lv  PETITE  ) 

,,                      ,  Ilatmael Louvre,  Paris.  277 

SAINTE  FAMILLE).  . . .  ) 

51.  HOLY  FAMILY Rubens Pala/./o  Pitti,  Florence.  278 

52.  HOLY  FAMILY Andrea  del  Sarln Louvre,  Paris.  278 

53.  HOLY  FAMILY -\ndren  del  Snr/o National  Gallery,  London.  279 

54.  HOLY  FAMILY — DEL  BACINO.  Giulio  Romano Dresden  Gallery.  280 

55.  HOLY  FAMILY,  CAXKHANI  . .  .Raphael Munich  Gallery.  281 

56.  HOLY  FAMILY  OF  FRANCIS  I.. Raphael Louvre,  Paris.  282 

57.  HOLY    FAMILY — DEL     LA-  ) 

.-  Raphael  (?) .Madrid  Museum .  282 

OARTO ) 

58.  HOLY   FAMILY— DEL  PA.IA-  ) 

f  Murillo .Madrid  Museum.  283 

RITO ) 

59.  HOLY  FAMILY — LA  PERLA  .  . .  Raphael Madrid  Museum .  284 

60.  HORATII,  OATH  OF  THE.  . . .  .Louis  David Louvre,  Paris.  291 

fil.  IGNATIUS,  ST.,  MIRACLES  or. Rubens Vienna  Museum .  311 

(52.  INCENDIO  DEL  BOROO Raphael Stanza  dell'  Incendio,  Vatican,  Rome .  313 

63.  INN,  THE Jan  Steen Hague  Museum.  317 

64.  ISABELLA  D*ESTE,  COURT  or  .Lorenzo  Costa Louvre,  Paris.  320 

65.  JACOB,  BLESSING  OF Rembrandt Cassel  Gallery.  323 

66.  JACOB,  DREAM  OF Spagnoletto Madrid  Museum.  324 

67.  JACOB  AND  RACHEL Giordano Dresden  Gallery.  325 

68.  JAFFA,  PLAGUE  OF Antoine  Jean  Gros Louvre,  Paris.  329 

69.  JEREMIAH  ....    Washington  Allston  Yale  College  Gallery.  338 

ix 


OUTLINE  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  PAINTINGS 

PAGE 

70.  JERICHO,  BLIND  MEN  OF Nicolas  Pomsin Louvre,  Paris.  339 

71.  JEROME,  COMMUNION  OF  ST.  .Ayostino  Carracci Bologna  Gallery.  340 

72.  JEROME,  COMMUNION  OF  ST.  .Domenichino Vatican,  Rome.  341 

73.  JESUS,  SLEEP  OF Annibale  Carracci Louvre,  Paris.  343 

74.  JOAN  OF  ARC  IN  PRISON  . .  .Paid  Delaroche Duke  of  Padua.  344 

75.  JOB  VISITED  BY  HIS  FRIENDS  ]                                                                r,            Contr,   p;ar  qj.^ 

f  Francesco  da  Voiterra L/ampo  Santo,  nsa .  c>4o 

(History  ot  Job) .  .  . .  ) 

7G.  JOHN,  ST.,  BAPTIST Leonardo  da  Vinci Louvre,  Paris.  347 

77.  JOHN,     ST.,     BAPTIST,     ON  )                            .                                              T              -p     •  o  10 

i  Nicola*  Poussin Jjouvre,  iraus .  oio 

JORDAN  ) 

78.  JOHN,    ST.,     BAPTIST,     IN  j  y,f         ^  _                                            .  .Uffi/.i,  Florence.  349 

WILDERNESS ) 

79.  JOHN,     ST.,      EVANGELIST,  )  ^^  ^^                             _  _priyatc  ^^  Pftris_  350 

VISION  OF ) 

80.  JOSEPH,  CHASTITY  OF JoJwn  Bilc.reU Uffizi,  Florence.  356 

81.  JOSEPH,  CHASTITY  OF FAonello  Spnda Lille  Museum .  357 

82.  JOSEPH  IN  PRISON SpaynoMlo Escurial,  Spain.  358 

83.  JOSEPHINE,  CORONATION  OF.  .Louis  Vat-id Versailles  Museum.  359 

84.  JUDAS,  PAYMENT  OF 7'Va  Anyelico Florence  Academy.  3G1 

85.  JUDITH CrMofano  Allori Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence.  3G2 

80.  JUDITH Philip  Van  Dyck Hague  Museum .  3G2 

87.  JUDITH  AND  HOLOFERNES  . .  .Artemisia  Genlili'schi Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence.  363 

8<S.  JULIAN,  ST.,  HOSPITALITY  OF.  Cristofano  Allori Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence.  3G4 

89.  JUPITER  DESTROYING  CRIMES  .  Paolo  Vernnem', Louvre,  Paris .  367 

90.  JUPITER  AND  lo Correggio Vienna  Museum.  367 

91.  JUSTINA,  ST  ,  MARTYRDOM  OF. Paolo  Veronese, S.  Giustina,  Padua.  3G8 

92.  JUSTINIAN     PROMULGATING  ) 

\  Raphael Vatican,  Eome .  369 

THE  PANDECTS J 

93.  KIRMESS fiubens Louvre,  Paris .  388 

94.  Kiss,  THROWING  A Jean  Baptise  Ureiizc.  .Alfred  de  Rothschild,  London  .  389 

95.  KNIGHT'S  VISION liaphael National  Gallery,  London .  394 


PORTRAITS   Ol:  PAINTERS. 

U>KA\VN    1JV    JACQUES    UU1CII.) 


1.   East  lake,  Sir  Charles  Lock 1    3(5.   Francia,  Francesco 82 

'2.   Eeckhout,  Gerbrand  van  ilen 9   37.  Froncken,  Frans,   the  younger   ...  85 

3.  Elliott,  diaries  Loring 1(!    38.   Francken,  Hieronymus,  the  elder.  .  IS 7 

4.  Klinore,  Alfred 1(!    39.   Fivmiiiet,  Martin '.ID 

5.  Elsheiiner.  Adam 17    40.   Fn  re,   Kdouard 1(1 

0.    Engcrtli,  Eduard  von 20    41.   Frith,  William  Powell !»4 

7.  Enhuber,  Karl  von 20   42.   Frolich,  Lorens 114 

8.  Frdinann,  Otto 23    43.   Fromeutin,   Eugene 95 

!l.   Ktty,   William 27    44.    Frost,  William  Edward '.HI 

10.  Everdingen,  Allart  von :JO   45.   Fiihrich,  Josef  Kilter  von its 

11.  Exncr,  Jolmiin  Julius I!2    4(i.    Fuller,  (leor^c !IS 

12.  Eyck,  Hubert  van :i2    47.    Fuseli,  Henry 100 

13.  Kyck,  Jun  van ,'ili 

4S.   (iabbiani,  Antonio  Domenico 101 

14.  Fnccini,  Pietro 3H    411.  ( laddi,  Taddeo 102 

15.  Faed,  Thomas UK   50.  (JaiiiKborou^h,  Thomas 104 

1(».  Fattore,  II 41!   51.  (iallait,  Louis lOli 

17.  Ferniri,  Luca 52    52.  (larbo,  KafYaellino  del lo'.t 

18.  Ferri,  Giro 52    ">:}.  (lebhardt,  Fdunrd  von IK! 

19.  Feti,  Domenico 5,'i   54.  fleertx,  Julius lls 

20.  Feucrbach,  Anselm 51!   55.  (lenelli,  Bonaventura   121 

21.  Feyen-Perrin,  Augustin 54    5(!.  Clenoels,  Abraham 122 

22.  Fildes,  Luko 5(i   57.  (ientilesehi.  Ora/.io 12:! 

23.  Flamenjjf.  Fran<;ois Cl    58.  Gerard,  Francois  Pascal  ...    12(! 

24  Flaudrin,  Hippolyte 02   5!».  Gericault,  Theodore 127 

25.  Flinck,  Govaert (55   (iO.  Gt'rome,  Jean  Leon 1 28 

26.  Floris,  Frans 07   fil.  Gcrwx,  Henri 130 

27.  Fontana,  Lavinia (!!)   (52.  Geselscha]),  Eduard 130 

28.  Forest,  Jean  Baptiste 71    (i3.  Ghirlandajo,  Domenico 132 

29.  Fiirster,  Ernest  Joachim 73   <i4.  (Ihirlandajo,  Hidolti 133 

30.  Fortuny  y  Carbo,  Mariano 75   <!5.  Gifford,  Robert  Swain 131! 

31.  Fouquieres,  Jacques 77   (i(!.  Gifford,  Sand  ford  Hobinson 135 

32.  Fragonard,  Jean  Honor6 78   (57.  Gilbert,  Sir  John 137 

33.  Franyais,  Francois  Louis 78   68.  Gillot,  Claude 138 

34.  Francesca,  Piero  della 79   69.  Giordano,  Luca. 139 

35.  Fraaceschiui,  Marcantonio 80  •  70.  Giorgioue,  II 140 


PORTRAITS   OF  PAINTERS 


115. 
11G. 
117. 
118. 
119. 
120. 
121. 
122. 
123. 
124. 
125. 
12G. 
127. 
128. 
129. 
130. 
131. 
132. 
133. 
134. 
135. 
13G. 


71.  Giotto 142 

72.  Giovanni  da  TJdine 144 

73.  Girodet  de  Roussy,  Anne  Louis . .  146 

74.  Giulio  Romano 149 

75.  Glaize,  Leon 1"! 

76.  Gleyre,  Charles  Gabriel 153 

77.  Goltzius,  Hendrik 15(5 

78.  Goodall,  Frederick 157 

79.  Gow,  Andrew  C 160 

80.  Goya  y  Lucieutes,  Francisco  Jose 

de 1<!1 

81.  Govc'ii,  Jan  van 161 

82.  (io/.zoli,  Beno/zo 162 

83.  Gral'f,  Anton 164 

84.  Graham,  Peter 165 

85.  Granet,  Francois-Marias 167 

86.  Grunt,  Sir  Francis 168 

87.  Gray,  Henry  Peters 170 

88.  Greco,  El 171 

89.  Gregory,  Edward  John 172 

90.  Grouze,  Jean  Baptiste 173 

91.  Gros,  Antoine  Jean 178 

92.  Grosses  Franz  Theodor 179    137. 

93.  Griitzner,  Eduard 181  !  138. 

94.  Guide,  Hans  Fredrik 183    139. 

95.  Gudin,  Theodore 183   140. 

96.  Guercino,  11 184    141. 

97.  Guerin,  Pierre  Narcisso 185    142. 

98.  Gallons,  Godfroid 186 

99.  (iaido  (Guido  Reni) 187 

100.  Guillaumet,  Gustavo 

101.  Guillemet,  Jean  Baptiste  Antoine 

102.  Gussow,  Karl 

103.  Gysis,  Nikolaus 

104.  Haas,  Mauritz  Frederick  Hendrick 

de 194 

105.  Hagen,  Theodor 197 

106.  Haghe,  Louis 198 

107.  Hagn,  Ludwig  von 198 

108.  Hals,  Frans 202 

109.  Hammer,  Guido 205 

110.  Hamou,  Jean  Louis 206 

111.  Hanoteau,  Hector 207  !  158. 

112.  Hansen,  Konstautiu 208 

113.  Harlow,  George  Henry 211 

114.  Harpiguies,  Henri 212 


Harrach,  Ferdinand  von  ...... 

Hart,  James  McDougal  ........ 

Harvey,  Sir  George  ........... 

Haseuclever,  Johaun  Peter  ..... 

Haydon,  Benjamin  Robert  ..... 

Hebert,  Ernest  ............... 

Heem,  Jan  Davidsz  de  ........ 

Heemskerk,  Marten  van  ........ 

Heinz,  Joseph,  the  elder  ........ 

Heist.  Bartholomeus  van  der 
Heudschel,  Albert  ............. 

Henner,  Jean  Jacques  ......... 

Herkomer,  Hubert  ........... 

Herrera,  Francisco  de,  the  elder 
Herring,  John  Frederick  ...... 

Hess,  Heinrich  Maria  von  ...... 

Heyden,  August  von  .......... 

Heyden,  Jan  van  der  .......... 

Hildebrandt,  Eduard  .......... 

Hildebrandt,  Theodor  ......... 

Hill,  Thomas  ............... 

Hire,  Laurent  de  la  . 


143. 
144. 

189  145. 

190  |  146. 

191  147. 
193   148. 

149. 
150. 
151. 
152. 
153. 
154. 
155. 
156. 
157. 


159. 

KiO. 
1G1. 


Hodgson,  John  Evan  ....... 

Hoft',  Karl  ................. 

Hogarth,  William  .......... 

Hoguet,  Charles  ........... 

Holbein,  Hans,  the  elder.  .  .  . 

Holbein,  Hans,  the  younger. 
Holl,  Frank  .......  '  ....... 

Homei',  Winslow  ........... 

Hondocoeter,  Melchior  d'.  .  . 
Honthorst,  Gerard  van    ..... 

Hooch,  Pieter  de  ........... 

Hoogstrateu,  Samuel  van  .  .  . 
Hook,  James  Clarke  ........ 

Horschelt,  Theodor  ........ 

Horsley,  John  Callcott  ...... 

Hosemann,  Theodor  ........ 

Houbraken,  Arnold  ........ 

Howard,  Henry  ............ 

Huber,  Johann  Rudolf  ...... 

Hiibner,  Karl  ............. 

Hiibner,  Julius  ............ 

Huet,  Jean  Baptiste  ......... 

Humbert,  Ferdinand  ....... 

Hunt,  William  Holman  ..... 

Hunt,  William  Morris.. 


I'AUE 

212 
213 
214 
215 
217 
220 
222 
224 
228 
232 
234 
236 
242 
247 
248 
250 
253 
254 
257 
258 
25!) 
2G2 
264 
267 
268 
269 
270 
270 
272 
285 
286 
287 
289 
289 
289 
293 
294 
294 
295 
297 
298 
299 
299 
300 
304 
305 
306 


Mi 


POHTJIAITS  OF  PAINTERS 


PAGE 

162.  Hltnten,  Erail  Johannes  

306 

186. 

163.  Hunter,  Colin  

307 

187. 

164.  Huntingdon,  Daniel  

307 

188. 

165.  Huvsniaus,  Cornelia  

30!) 

181). 

166.  Huvsuui,  Jan  vau  

30!) 

!'.)(). 

r.»i. 

167.   Ingres,  Jean  Augustc  Dominique  . 

315 

1!)2. 

168.  Inman,  Henrv  

316 

169.  In  ness,  (leorgn  

317 

'!'-' 

170.  Isabev,  Jean  Baptiste  

321 

Jin* 

171.  Israels,  Jo/cf  

3-21 

.Mi. 

172.  Jacque,  Charles  Kmile  

327 

1!)!). 

173.  Jacquenmrt,  NY-lie  

328 

200. 

174.  Jardin,  Karel  du  

334 

201. 

175.  Jeaurat,  Ktionno  

336 

202. 

176.  Jerichau-Baiimann,  Elisabeth.  .  .  . 

338 

203. 

1  77.  Joest,  Jan  

316 

204. 

178.  Johnson,  Eastman  

351 

205. 

1711.   Jonghe,  Jan  Baptist  do  

353 

206. 

180.  Jordaens,  Jakob  

354 

207. 

181.  Jordan,  Rudolf  

355 

208. 

20!). 

182.   Kaemnierer,  Fredorik  Hendrik  .  . 

370 

210. 

183.   Kalckreuth,  Stanislaus  von.  .    .  .  . 

371 

211. 

184.   Half,  AVillem  

371 

212. 

185.  Kalkar,  Hans  von  

372 

213. 

Knrgor,  Karl 374 

Kauffmann,  Angelica 375 

Kauffniann,  Hermann 376 

Kaiiffinani),  Hu<^o 377 

Kaulbach,  Friedrich 377 

Kanlbaoh,  Friedrich  August 377 

Kaulbacb,  Hermann 378 

Kiiulbacli,  AVillieliu  von 378 

Keller,   Albert 3711 

Keller,  Ferdinand 380 

Kensett,  John  Frederick    3SO 

Kessel,  Jan  van,  the  elder 382 

Kefd,  Cornelis 3.s:i 

Kevser,  Nicaise  de 3X4 

Kl.ieker  von  Khrenstrahl,  David  .  3!M) 

Kuans,  Ludwig 3112 

Kneller,  Sir  (iodfrey 31)3 

Knille,  Otto 3115 

Koch,  Josef  Anton 3!l'.( 

Koninck.  Philip  do.    404 

Kotxebue,  Alexander  von 40(1 

Kraus,  FriedriHi 40H 

Kreling,  August,  von 4 OS 

Kn'iyer,  Peter  Severin 411 

Kriiger,  Fran/ 412 

Kiichler,  Albert 413 

Kur/.bauor,  Kduard 417 

Kyhn,  (Peter)  Villielm  (Kuril.  .  .  418 


xlli 


MONOGRAMS  AND  SIGNATURES. 


1.  Eberle,  Adam 

2.  Ebert,  Karl 

3.  Eeckhout,  Gerbrand  van  den 

4.  Ehrhardt,  Adolf 

5.  Ellenrieder,  Mario 

0.   Elliger,  Ottinar,  the  younger 

7.  Elsheiiner,  Adam 

8.  Empoli,  Jacopo  Cliimcnti  da   

9.  Engelbrechtsen,  Cornells 

10.  Enliubor,  Karl  von 

1 1.  Es,  Jacob  van 

12.  Escalante,  Juan  Antonio 

Ill   Espinosa,  Jacinto  Joronimo  do  ... 

14.  Estcnsc,  BaMassare 

15.  Everdingen,  Allart  van 

1(5.  Evordingeu,  Cesar  van 

17.  Evers,  Anton  Clemens 

18.  Eyck,  Jan  van 

19.  Fabritius,  Karel 

20.  Falconnetto,  Giovanni  Maria 

21.  Falens,  Karcl  van 

22.  Farinati,  Paolo 

23.  Fasolo,  Lorenzo 

24.  Ferrier,  Gabriel 

25.  Feselen,  Melchior 

2C.  Feti,  Domcnico 

27.  Fiacco,  Orlando 

28.  Flemael,  Bartliolet 

29.  Flinck,  Govaert 

30.  Fontana,  Lavinia 

31.  Forster,  Ernst  Joachim 

32.  Fortuny  y  Carbo,  Mariano 

33.  Fragonard,  Jean  Hoiiore 

34.  Francia,  Francesco 


3  35.  Francia,  Giacomo  di  Francesco ...  82 

4  30.  Franck,  Franz  Friedrich 84 

10   37.   Francken,  Ambrosius,  the  elder. . .  85 

12    38.   Francken,  Frans,   the  younger.  .  .  .  80 

10  '  39.   Franqnclin,  Jean  Augustin 88 

10   40.  Fraser,  Alexander 89 

18   41.   Fivminet,  Martin 90 

18   42.   Fivre,  F.douara 91 

20  '  43.  Fries,  Ernst 93 

21  44.  Fromentin,  Eugene 90 

24   45.  Furini,  Francesco. 99 

24   40.  Fvt,  Jan  . .                                           .  101 


2(1    47.   Gabron,  Guiliam 102 

31    48.   Gaddi,  Taddeo 103 

31    49.   Gael,  Barend 103 

31    50.   Gaelen,  Alexander  van 103 

34   51.  Galloche,  Louis 107 

52.   Garofalo,  II Ill 

38   53.  Gassel,  Lucas 112 

40  54.   Gassies,  Jean  Bruno 112 

41  55.  Gaudin,  Fraj'  Luis  Pascual 113 

42  50.  Gaufiier,  Louis 114 

43  57.   Geddes,  Andrew 110 

52  58.  Geel,  Joost  van 117 

53  59.  Genoels,  Abraham 122 

53   (JO.  Gentileschi,  Orazio 123 

51 '  01.  Gerard,  Francois  Pascal 127 

03  I  02.  Gi'ricault,  Theodore 128 

GO  i  03.  Gerome,  Jean  Leon 129 

09  :  04.  Gillot,  Claude 138 

73   05.  Gimignani,  Giaciuto 138 

70   GO.  Giordano,  Luca 140 

78  ,  07.   Girard,  Firmin 144 

82  '  08.  Girodct  de  lloussy,  Anne  Louis.  .  .  140 


MONOGRAMS  AND  SHi 


rtr.p. 

69.  Glink,  Franz  Xavier 153 

70.  Goltzius,  Hendrik 15(5 

71.  Gool,  Jan  van 158 

72.  Goupil,  Jules  Adolpbc ICO 

73.  Goyen,  Jan  van 1C2 

74.  Gozzoli,  Benozzo 1C3 

75.  Gmn,  Daniel ICC 

76.  Granacci,  Francesco 16(i 

77.  Grandi,  Ercolo  di  (liulio KIT 

78.  Granot,  Fraufois  Marius 1(18 

79.  Grabber,  Pieter  de 171 

80.  Greuze,  Jean  Baptiste; 174 

81.  Grevedon,  Henri 175 

82.  Grittier,  Jan 175 

815.   Grifficr,  IJobcrt 17C 

84.  Grimmer,  Hans 177 

85.  Gros,  AntoiiH!  Jean IT'.t 

86.  Gryeff,  Adriimn  do 182 

87.  Guardi,  Francesco 182 

88.  Guercino,  II 185 

89.  Guorin,  Pierre  Narcisso 18(! 

90.  Guibal,  Nicolas 1S7 

1)1.   Guido  Keni 18!) 

92.  Haekaert,  Jan 195 

93.  Hagen,  Joris  van  dor 197 

94.  Hallo,  Claude  Guy 200 

95.  Hallo,  Noel '. 201 

96.  Hals,  Dirk 201 

97.  Hals,  Frans,  the  elder 202 

98.  Hals,  Frans,  the  younger 203 

99.  Hamon,  Jean  Louis 20(1 

100.  Harpignies,  Henri 212 

101.  Haudebourt-Lescot,    Mine.     Hor- 

tense  Victoirc 216 

102.  Hubert,  Ernest 220 

103.  Heem,  Cornelia  do 222 

104.  Heem,  Jan  Davidsz  de 223 

105.  Heemskerk,  Marten  van 224 

106.  Heinz,  Joseph,  the  elder 228 

107.  Hellemout,  Mattheus  van 230 

108.  Heist,  Bartholomeus  van  der  ....  232 

109.  Hemissen,  Jan  van 233 

110.  Hennequin,  Philippe  Auguste. .  .  .  235 

111.  Henner,  Jean  Jacques 236 

112.  Herkomer,  Hubert 243 

113.  Herp,  Guilliam  van 245 


PAGE 

114.  Herrcra,  Francisco  de,  the  younger  247 

115.  Hess,  Karl 250 

116.  Hetsch,  Philipp  Friedrich  von.  . .  252 

117.  Heusch,  Jacob  de 253 

118.  Heyden,  Jan  van  dor 254 

119.  ffickel,  Josef 255 

120.  Hildebrandt,  Theodor 258 

121.  Hobbema,  Mcyndert 263 

122.  Hoocke,  Jan  van  don 205 

123.  Hoot,  Gerard 266 

124.  Hogarth,  William 269 

125.  Holbein,  Huns,  the  younger    .  .  .  272 

126.  Hondecooter,   Melohior  <!' 286 

127.  Hondius,  Abraham 287 

1'JS.   Honthorst,  Gerard  van 288 

129.  Hooch,  Piotor  do 289 

130.  Hoogstraton.  Samuel   van 289 

131.  Horomans,  Jan  Joy.ef,   the  elder.  .  292 

132.  Houasse,  Michel  Ango 295 

133.  Houbrakon,  Arnold 295 

134.  Hubor,  Johann  lludolph 298 

135.  Hudson,   Thomas 300 

136.  Hue,  Jean  Francois 300 

137.  Huet,  Joan  Baptist c 301 

138.  Hughtonbiirgh,  Jan  van 302 

139.  Hutin,  Charles 308 

140.  Huysum,  Jan  van 310 


141.  Ingres,  Jean  Auguste  Dominique.  316 

142.  Isabcy,  Joan  Baptiste 321 

143.  Israels,  Jo/cf 322 

144.  Jacque,  Charles  Kniile 328 

145.  Janssens,  Victor  Honoiv 333 

146.  Jardin,  Karol  du 335 

147.  Jeaurat,  Etienne 336 

148.  Jongo,  Ludolf  de 353 

149.  Jordaens,  Jakob 355 

150.  Jouvenet,  Jean 360 


151.  Kaemmerer,  Fredcrik  Hendrik. .  .   370 

152.  Kalf,  Willcm 372 

153.  Kauft'mann,  Angelica 376 

154.  Keirincx,  Alexander 379 

155.  Kessel,  Ferdinand  van 382 

156.  Kessel,  Jan  van,  the  elder 382 


MONOGRAMS  AND  SIGNATURES 

PAGE  '  PAOE 

157.  Keyser,  Thomas  de 385    1G3.  Koekkoek,  Barend  Cornells 400 

158.  Klein,  Johann  Adam 389    164.  Koninck,  Philip  de 404 

159.  Kloeber,  August  von 391    165.  Koninck,  Salomon 404 

160.  Klomp,  Aelbert 391    166.  Kulmbacb,  Hans  von 414 

161.  Knaus,  Ludwi<» 393    167.  Kupetzky,  Joliaun 416 

162.  Kneller,  Sir  Godfrey 394 


TYi 


TABLE   OF   ABBREVIATIONS. 


Actul.,  Academy. 

A.N.A.,  Associate  of  the  National  Academy. 

A.U.A.,  Associate  of  tlie  Royal  Academy. 

A.H.H.A,  Associate  of  the  Royal  Hiber- 
nian Academy. 

A. H.S.A.,  Associate  of  the  Koyal  Scottish 
Academy. 

C.  A:  C.,  Crowe  ami  Cavalcaselle. 

Cat.,  Ciituloguc. 

Ch.,  Church. 

Col.,  Collection. 

Gal.,  Gallery. 

H.,  Height. 

ib.,  ibidem. 

id.,  idem. 

Inst.,  Institute. 


L.  of  Honour,  Legion  of  Honour. 

Mus.,  Museum. 

N.A.,  National  Academy  or  Academician. 

Nat.  Gal.,  National  Gallery. 

Pal.,  Palace,  Palais,  Palazzo. 

!{.,  Royal. 

K.A.,  Jtoyal  Academy  or  Academician. 

R.H.A.,  Royal  Hibernian  Academy  or 
Academician. 

K.S.A.,  Hoyal  Scottish  Academy  or  Acad- 
emician. 

S.,  San,  Siuitii. 

SS.,  Santi,  Santc. 

S.  M.,  Santa  Maria. 

St.,  Saint. 

W.  &  W.,  Woltmann  and  Wocrmann. 


*     * 
* 


Wwils  hi   italics  Intlicute  tht; 


j/luct;  of  urtltles  on   th<i  subjects 


CYCLOPEDIA 


PAINTERS  AND  PAINTINGS 


EAKINS,  THOMAS,  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  in  1844.  Portrait  and 
genre  painter  ;  pupil  of  Pennsylvania 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  of  J.  L.  Gi'rome,  Loon 
Bonnat,  and  of  A.  A.  Duinont,  sculptor.  At 
present  professor  of  painting  at  Pennsylva- 
nia Academy.  Studio  in  Philadelphia. 
Works  in  oil :  William  Rush  carving  his 
Allegorical  Representation  of  the  Schuylkill ; 
Surgical  Clinic  of  Professor  Gross  in  Jeffer- 
son College,  Jefferson  Collection  ;  Portraits 
of  Dr.  Brin ton  and  Professor  Rand  ;  Chess- 
Players  (1878),  Metropolitan  Museum,  New 
York;  Professional  at  Rehearsal,  T.  B. 
Clarke,  New  York  ;  Pair-Oared  Shell  (1870) ; 
May  Morning  in  the  Park  (1881),  Fairnmn 
Rogers,  Philadelphia ;  Mending  the  Net, 
Shad  Fishing  at  Gloucester — on  the  Dela- 
ware (1882)  ;  Singing  Girl  (1883).  Water- 
colours  :  Whistling  for  Plover,  Base-Ball 
(1876). 

EARL,  RALPH,  born  at  Lebanon,  Conn., 
about  1751,  died  at  Bolton,  Conn.,  in  1801. 
History  and  portrait  painter,  self-taught 
Was  at  first  an  itinerant  portrait  painter  ; 
went  with  the  Governor's  Guard  to  Lexing- 
ton and  Cambridge,  and  painted  from 
sketches  made  at  the  time  four  scenes  of 
the  battle  of  Lexington,  engraved  by  Amos 
Doolittle,  which  are  believed  to  be  the  first 
historical  compositions  by  an  American  ar- 


tist. Went  to  London  after  the  war  and 
studied  under  Benjamin  West,  but  returned 
to  America  in  178(>.  Among  his  works  are 
a  large  picture  of  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  and 
portraits  of  George  III.,  Roger  Sherman, 
Judge  Ellsworth,  Colonel  George  Willis, 
Dr.  Dwight  of  Yale  College,  and  Governor 
Strong.  His  son,  Augustus  Karle,  history 
and  marino  painter,  fellow-student  at  Royal 
Academy  in  1813  with  C.  R.  Leslie  and  S. 
F.  B.  Morse,  was  known  from  his  roving 
disposition  as  the  "wandering  artist."  James 
Karle,  portrait  painter  (died  in  Charleston, 
S.  C.,  in  1700),  was  perhaps  a  brother  of 
Ralph.— Bryan  (Graves),  451  ;  French,  Art 
in  Connecticut  (Boston,  1870),  32. 

EASTLAKK,  Sir  CHARLES  LOCK,  born 
at  Plymouth,  Eng., 
Nov.  17,1703,  died  in 
Pisa,  Italy,  Dec.  24, 
18G5.  History  paint- 
er, pupil  in  London 
of  Haydon  and  of 
Royal  Academy  ;  ex- 
hibited at  British  In- 
stitute, in  1813,Christ 
raising  the  Daughter 
of  the  Ruler  of  the 
Synagogue.  Went 
to  Paris  in  following  year  to  copy  pictures 
in  Louvre,  but  the  escape  of  Napoleon  from 


EATON 


Elba  obliged  him  to  return  to  Plymouth, 
where  he  saw  the  deposed  Emperor  on  the 
Bellerophon,  and  from  memory  and  some 
hasty  sketches  painted  him  surrounded  by 
his  officers,  a  picture,  now  belonging  to 
Lord  Lansdowne,  which  brought  him  into 
notice.  In  1817  he  went  to  Italy,  and  in 
1819  to  Greece,  returning  to  Rome,  where, 
and  at  Ferrara  chiefly,  he  spent  in  all  four- 
teen years.  He  sent,  in  1823,  to  the  Royal 
Academy  three  views  of  Rome,  but  his  first 
work  which  won  special  praise  was  The 
Spartan  Isidas  (1827),  now  the  property  of 
the  Duke  of  Devonshire.  He  became  an 
A.K.A.  in  1828  and  R.A.  in  1830  ;  was  ap- 
pointed, in  1841,  secretary  to  the  royal  coin- 
mission  for  decorating  the  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment, in  1842  librarian  of  the  Royal  Academy, 
in  1843  keeper  of  the  National  Gallery,  and 
in  1850  was  elected  president  of  the  Eoyal 
Academy  and  knighted.  From  that  time 
until  his  death  he  was  chiefly  engaged  in 
selecting  pictures  to  be  bought  by  the  gov- 
ernment for  the  National  Gallery.  He  pub- 
lished "  Materials  for  a  History  of  Painting  " 
(1847),  and  "The  Schools  of  Painting  in 
Italy,"  translated  from  Kugler  (1851);  and 
edited  "Kugler's  Handbook  of  Painting" 
(1855).  Works  :  Christ  lamenting  over  Je- 
rusalem (replica ;  original,  1841),  Haidee 
(1831),  Escape  of  the  Carrara  Family  (rep- 
lica, 1850 ;  original,  1834),  Lord  Byron's 
Dream  (1827),  National  Gallery,  London  ; 
Una  delivering  the  Red  Cross  Knight  (1830); 
Greek  Fugitives  (1833);  Arab  selling  Cap- 
tives (1837);  Gaston  do  Foix  before  Battle 
of  Ravenna  (1838);  Christ  blessing  Little 
Children  (1840);  Hagar  and  Ishmael  (1843). 
—Redgrave  ;  Art  Journal  (1855),  277  ;  Cat. 
Nat.  Gal.;  Life  by  Lady  Eastlake  (London); 
Quarterly  Rev.,  April,  1870  ;  Sandby,  ii.  280; 
Kunst-Chronik,  i.  3  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K,  iv.  93. 
EATON,  CHARLES  HARRY,  born  at 
Akron,  O.,  Dec.  13, 1850.  Landscape  painter, 
self-taught.  Studio  in  New  York.  Works  : 
At  Elyria— Ohio  (1881);  Near  Avon— New 
York,  Apples  (1882);  Autumn  Study  of 
Beecli  Trees  (1883);  Marsh  Lands,  Meadow 


'  Brook,  Morning  at  Lakeside  (1884);  Indian 
Summer,  Autumn  Days  (1885). 

EATON,  JOSEPH  O.,  born  in  1829,  died 
atYonkers,N.Y.,in  1875.  Genre  and  portrait 
painter.  An  Associate  of  the  National  Acad- 
emy in  New  York,  where  his  professional  life 
was  spent  ;  visited  Europe  in  1873.  Ideal 
works  :  Landscape — View  on  the  Hudson 
(1868);  Moral  Instruction  (18G9);  Last  Chap- 
ter.Dawning  Maternity  (1871);  Greek  Water- 
Carrier  (1872);  Lady  Godiva  (1874);  Tender 
Thoughts,  John  Hoey,  New  York.  Portraits: 
R.  S.  Gifford  (18G9) ;  E.  J.  Kuntze  (belonging 
to  National  Academy,  New  York);  Rev.  G.  H. 
Hepworth  (1870).  The  painter's  own  portrait 
(belonging  to  the  National  Academy),  and 
Looking  through  the  Kaleidoscope,  were 
I  exhibited  after  his  death.  Water-colours  : 
Vision  of  the  Cross  (18G9);  Little  Nell  and 
her  Grandfather  (1871);  Two  Pets  (1874). 

EATON,  WTYATT,  born  at  Philipsburg, 

Canada,  May  G,  1849.     Portrait  and  figure 

painter  ;  pupil  of  the  National  Academy  and 

[  of  J.  O.  Eaton  in  New  York,  later  of  Ge- 

I  rume   in   Paris.     In  1872   he    studied   and 

'  sketched  in  England  and  France.     Studio 

in  New  York.    Works  :  Farmer's  Boy  (1870); 

Reverie  (1875);  Harvesters  at  Rest  (1876); 

Boy  Whittling,  G.  A.  Drummond,  Baltimore; 

Portrait  of  William  Cullen  Bryant  (1878); 

do.  of  Miss  Ella  M.  M.  (1879);  Grandmother 

and  Child  (1880)  ;  Portrait  (Salon,  1884).— 

Sheldon,  169  ;  Mag.  of  Art  (1884),  496. 

EBEL,  FRITZ,  born  at  Lauterbach,  Hesse, 
in  1835.  Landscape  painter ;  was  a  chemist, 
but  took  up  painting  in  Darmstadt  in  1856, 
and  in  Diisseldorf  under  Schirmer  in  1857- 
61.  Studied  nature  in  Germany,  Italy,  and 
France,  and  settled  in  Dtisseldorf.  Works  : 
Mountainous  Country  (1862);  View  in  Rhon 
Mountains ;  Hessian  Summer  Landscape 
(1864);  View  in  Southern  Tyrol;  Use  Val- 
ley in  the  Hartz  ;  Autumn  Landscape  in  Teu- 
toburg  Forest;  Uklei  Lake  in  Holstein  (1880). 
— Miiller,  151. 

EBERHARD,  KONRAD,  born  at  Hinde- 
lang,  Algiiu,  Nov.  25,  1768,  died  in  Munich, 
March  12,  1859.  History  and  portrait 


EBERIIAIID 


painter  and  sculptor,  first  instructed  by  his ' 
father,  then  studied  in  Munich  and  Rome. 
Works :  Altarpiece  with  Historic  Develop- 
ment, Propagation,  and  Triumph  of  Chris- 
tianity ;  Procession  of  Corpus  Christi ;  por- 
traits of  Dante,  Goetho,  Cornelius,  and 
Plattner.— Regnet,  i.  87. 

EBERHAHD  THE  WEEPER  (Larmoy- 
eur),  Ary  Si-hejfer,  Louvre,  Paris ;  canvas, 
H.  5  ft  x  5  ft.  4  in.;  signed.  Ulrich,  son  of 
Count  Eberhard,  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  recov- 
ering from  wounds  received  in  the  battle  of 
Reutlingen,  which  he  had  lost,  sought  his 
father  at  Stuttgart.  The  old  knight  re-' 
ceived  him  coldly,  and  when  his  son  took 
his  seat  opposite  him  at.  table,  sei/.ed  a  knife 
and  cut  the  table-cloth  between  them.  Ul- 
rich, stung  by  the  insult,  made  extraordinary 
efforts  in  the  next  battle,  Dolh'ugen,  which 
he  won  at  the  cost  of  his  life.  The  picture 
represents  the  father  alone  in  his  tent, 
weeping  over  his  son's  dead  body,  as  de- ' 
scribed  in  Schiller's  ballad.  Salon,  1834  ; 
Collection  of  Louis  Philippe  ;  from  Luxem- 
bourg. Replicas  in  Corcoran  Gallery,  Wash- 
ington, Boston  Art  Museum,  and  Rotterdam 
Museum.  A  second  picture  (Salon,  1851), 
called  Le  Coupeur  de  Nappe,  represents  the 
father  cutting  the  table-cloth. — Art  Treas- 
ures of  America,  i.  5. 

EBERLE,    ADAM,    born   at   Aix-la-Cha- ' 
pelle  in  1805,  died  in  Rome  in  1830.     His-  i 
tory  painter,  student   of   the  Academy   at 
Ddsseldorf.     After  Cornelius  was  appointed 
director,  Eberle  became  his  devoted  pupil, 
painted  two  remarkable  pictures  under  his 
influence,  and  accompanied  him  to  Munich 
in  1825,  where  he  painted  a  large  fresco  on 
the  ceiling  of  the  Odeon,  and  another  in  the 
arcade  of  the  Hofgarten.     In  1829  he  went 
to  Rome.     Works  :  Entombment,   St.   He- , 
lena  and  Angels  ;  Apollo  with  the  Shepherds 
(fresco,  Odeon  Hall,  Munich)  ;  Investiture 
of  Maximilian  I.  of  Bavaria  (fres-     /y__^ 
co,  Arcade  of  the  Hofgarten). —     /  M  V 
Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  v.  573  ;  Brock-   2  Lt\. 
haus,  v.  708  ;  FV.rster,    Denkmale,  iii.  29 ; 
do.  Gesch.,  v.  13,  07,  78. 


EBERLE,  ADOLF,  born  in  Munich,  Jan. 
11,  1843.  Genre  painter,  son  of  Robert  E., 
pupil  of  Munich  Academy,  and  from  1856 
of  Piloty.  Painted  his  first  picture  in  1801. 
Medal  at  Vienna,  1808.  Works  :  Seizure  of 
the  Last  Cow  (1801)  ;  Fruitless  Effort  ;  Out- 
post Scene  ;  Camp  School  from  Thirty 
Years'  War  ;  Quartering  of  Pandours ;  Love 
Declaration  ;  Unsuccessful  Music  Rehearsal; 
Wedding  Day;  Subhastation  (1809),  Kunst- 
halle,  Hamburg  ;  After  Baptism  ;  Zither 
Lesson  ;  Old  Innsbruck  Woman  with  Grand- 
daughter; Bridal  Dance;  Saying  Grace; 
The  First  Deer  (1879);  Visit  to  Bcllo 
Family  (1883)  ;  Hunter's  Lodge  (1884).— 
Zcitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  ix.  (Mittheilungcn,  ii.  25); 
Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1884),  i.  401,  412  ;  N.  illustr. 
/eitg.  (1878),  ii.  510. 

EI5ERLE,  ROBERT,  born  at  Meersburg, 
on  Lake  Constance,  July  22,  1815,  died  at 
Eberfmg,  near  Munich,  Sept.  lit,  isii'J. 
Animal  painter,  pupil  in  Constance  of  J.  J. 
Bidcrmann.  Went  to  Munich  in  1830  and 
formed  himself  by  studying  nature,  Ruys- 
dacl,  and  Du  Jardin  ;  spent  three  mouths  in 
America  (1848),  and  then  settled  in  Munich, 
where  ho  died  from  an  accidental  pistol- 
shot.  Works  :  Shepherd  with  Herd  return- 
ing Homo  (1840)  ;  Grain  Harvest  (1848)  ; 
Morning  at  Weinheim,  Leaving  the  Alp 
(1849)  ;  Frightened  Sheep,  Cattle  returning 
Home,  Sheep  Resting  (1850)  ;  Return  from 
the  Fields  (1851)  ;  Alp  on  Benedictcn  Wall, 
Goats  starting  for  Pasture,  Sheep  resting  at 
Noon,  Evening  in  Pasture,  Sheep  resting 
and  Shepherd  Boy  (1852)  ;  Sheep  during 
Storm,  Early  Snow  (1853)  ;  Shepherd  and 
Sheep  (1854)  ;  Shepherd's  Dinner  (1855)  ; 
Sheep  driven  by  Dog  (1850)  ;  Village;  in  the 
Morning,  Peasant  and  Shepherd  (1857)  ; 
Sheep  driven  over  Precipice  by  an  Eagle 
(1858),  Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Village  Scene 
(1859) ;  Suabian  Shepherd  with  Herd  (1800), 
New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Cows  returning 
from  Pasture  (1801). — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  v. 
574  ;  Andresen,  iv.  238  ;  Brockhaus,  v.  708. 

EBERS,  EMIL,  l>orn  in  Breslau,  Dec.  14, 
1807.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Ddsseldorf 


EBERT 


Academy  in  1831  and  1837.  Visited  Hol- 
land and  Normandy  with  Hitter  and  Jordan, 
whose  style  he  followed.  Lives  in  Breslan, 
whither  he  returned  in  1844.  Works : 


Smugglers  about  to  Land  (1830),  National 
Gallery,  Berlin  ;    Fisher-Hut  with   Mother  on   each   side, 
and  Daughter  (1831)  ;  Smugglers  Surprised  I  Engraved    by    M. 
(1832) ;  Smugglers  in  Tavern  (1833)  ;  War  Dresde,  i.  PI.  18. 
Scene   in    small    Town  ;    Rescued   Women 


presentation  of  Christ  to  the  people,  after 
scourging,  by  Pilate  (John  xix.  5). 

By  Annibale  Carracci,  Dresden  Gallery ; 
canvas,  H.  3  ft.  x  3  ft.  6  in.  Christ,  half- 
length,  crowned  with  thorns,  with  an  angel 


From   Modena   Collection. 
Keyl.  —  Gal.    Roy.    do 


among  Fishermen  (1841) ;  Dutch  Smugglers 


By  Curregyio,  National  Gallery,  London  ; 
wood,  H.  3  ft.  2  in.  x  2  ft,  7A  in.     Christ, 


on  Coast  of  Normandy  (1842);  Prussian  Hus- [  half-length,  with  hands  bound  and  crowned 
sars  quartered  in  France  (1843);  Life-Boat 
(1844)  ;  Pilot-Boat  (1845) ;  Storm  on  In- 
land Sea  (1845)  ;  Mutiny  on  Brig  (184S). 
— Andresen,  iv.  217  ;  Brockhaus,  v.  709  ; 
Diisseldf.  K.,  230. 

EBERT,  KARL,  born  in  Stuttgart,  Oct. 
13,  1821,  died  in  Munich,  March  1,  1885. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Stuttgart  Art- 
School  under  Steinkopf.  Settled  at  Munich 
in  1840.  Member  of  Amsterdam  Academy. 
WTorks :  Starnberg  Lake,  Suabian  Alp  near 


the  Hohenstaufen,  Bathing 
Woods   (1807),    Stuttgart 


Children  in  the 
Gallery  ;    Land- 


scape near  Rotterdam  ;  Storm  in  the  Woods ; 
The  Seasons  ;  Beech  Wood  with  Sheep 
(1871)  ;  Evening  Landscape  (1873) ;  Wood 
of  Tall  Trees,  Wood 


Interior   (1874); 


with  thorns  ;  in  front,  the  Virgin  sinks  faint- 
ing into  arms  of  Mary  Magdalen  ;  behind, 
Pilate  looking  out  of  a  window,  and  on 
other  side  the  head  of  a  soldier.  Painted 
about  1510-21  ;  bought  of  the  Colonna 
family,  Rome,  by  Sir  Simon  Clarke,  who 
sold  it  to  Murat,  King  of  Naples  ;  from  his 
widow,  the  ex-Queen,  it  passed  to  the  Mar- 
quis of  Londonderry,  who  sold  it  in  1834, 
together  with  the  Education  of  Cupid,  to 
National  Gallery  for  ,£11,500.  Placed  by 
Meyer  among  the  doubtful  works  of  Correg- 
gio.  At  the  end  of  the  ICth  century  there 
were  two  Ecce  Homos  claimed  to  be  by 
Correggio  :  One  belonging  to  Count  Prati 
(engraved  by  Agostino  Carracci,  1587),  the 
other  to  Lorenzo  Salviati,  Florence.  This 


latter,  which  passed  to  the  Colonna  family, 


rv 

I  .  I*  Chestnut  Wood  in  I  is  the  National  Gallery  picture.  The  other 
*  -•  Tyrol ;  Forge  in  the '  has  disappeared.  Engraved  by  Bettelini  ; 
Woods;  Vranduk  in  Bosnia  (1880) ;  Storm '  Doo  ;  Asioli  ;  Rosaspina. — Meyer,  Correg- 
(1882).— Brockhaus,  v.  712  ;  Illustr.  Zeitg. '  gio,  357,  487  ;  do.  Kiinst.  Lex.,  i.  434  ; 
(1881),  ii.  441  ;  (1SS3),  i.  400  ;  Kunst-  Waagen,  Treasures,  i.  32(5  ;  Kugler  (East- 
Chronik,  xx.  445.  lake),  ii.  505  ;  Richter,  C2. 

ECCE  ANCILLA  DOMINI  (Behold  the  By  Giiiilo  Reni,  Dresden  Gallery  ;  wood, 
Handmaid  of  the  Lord),  Dante  Gabriel  oval,  H.  1  ft.  !)  in.  x  1  ft.  3  in.  Head  of 
liossetli,  National  Gallery,  London ;  canvas,  Christ,  crowned  with  thorns,  with  eyes 
H.  2  ft.  4  in.  x  1  ft.  5  in.  The  Annuncia-  turned  upward.  One  of  Guide's  most  cele- 
tion.  Head  of  Virgin  painted  from  Chris-  brated  pictures,  known  through  many  cop- 


tina  Rossetti 
angel,    but   it 


W.  M.  Rossetti  sat  for  the 
was   finished    from   another 


sitter.  Royal  Academy,  1850  ;  sold  in  1853 
to  Mr.  MacCracken,  Belfast,  for  £52  10s.  ; 
Graham  sale  (1880)  bought  for  National 
Gallery  (1880),  £850.— Art  Journal  (1884), 


150  ;  Athen.  (1883),  i.  23. 
ECCE   HOMO    (Behold 


the   Mau),    the 


ies.  Presented  by  Innocent  XII.  to  Augustus 
II.,  King  of  Poland  and  Elector  of  Saxony. 
Restored  by  Palm.  Engraved  by  Ant.  Krii- 
ger.— Gal.  Roy.  de  Dresde,  iii.  PI.  26. 

By  Guido  Reni,  Dresden  Gallery ;  copper, 
H.  2  ft.  8  in.  x  2  ft.  1  in.  Christ,  crowned 
with  thorns  and  holding  a  reed  in  his  bound 
hand ;  around  his  shoulders  a  red  mantle. 


ECCE 


Formerly  in  the  Imperial  Gallery  at  Prague, 
whence  bought  in  1748.  En  graved  by  C. 
G.  Schultze.— Gal.  Roy.  cle  Dresde,  iii.  PL  4. 

By  Guido  Keni,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft. 
x  1  ft.  6  in.  Head  of  Christ,  crowned  with 
thorns,  and  surrounded  with  an  aureole  ;  at 
right,  before  his  shoulder,  a  reed.  Given 
to  Louis  XIV.  iu  109(5  by  the  Commander 
de  Hautefeuille.—  Filhol,  i.  PL  53 ;  Villot, 
Cat.  Louvre. 

By  Guido  Reni,  National  Gallery,  Lon- 
don ;  wood,  oval,  H.  1  ft.  9.V  in.  x  1  ft.  4  in. 
Head  of  Christ,  crowned  with  thorns.  For- 
merly in  Collection  of  Benjamin  West,  1'.  I!.  A. 
Bequeathed  to  National  Gallery  by  Samuel 
Rogers  in  1855.  Engraved  by  William 
Sharp. 

By  Murillo,  Lord  Ashburton,  London  ; 
canvas,  H.  2  ft.  7  in.  x  2  ft.  Christ,  crowned 
with  thorns,  wearing  a  brown  robe,  looking 
up,  half-length.  Purchased  in  1N15  from 
General  Sebastiani.  —  Stirling,  iii.  1430  ; 
Waagen,  ii.  102  ;  Curtis,  199. 

By  Murillo,  Cadiz  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  2 
ft.  8  in.  x  2  ft.  2  in.  Christ,  crowned  with 
thorns,  and  wrists  bound,  standing  front, 
half-length ;  upper  part  of  body  naked, 
lower  part  draped  with  red  ;  right  hand 
holds  a  reed.  Presented  to  Capuchin  Con- 
vent, Cadiz,  in  17:50,  by  Dona  Catalina  Rod- 
riguez ;  deposited  in  Museum  in  1852.  Rep- 
etitions, with  changes :  Mrs.  Thomas  Birchall, 
Preston,  Lancashire  ;  Robert  Baillie-Hamil- 
ton,  Langton  House,  Dunse,  Berwickshire, 
Scotland  ;  William  C.  Cartwright,  Aynhoe, 
Northamptonshire. — Ponz,  Viage,  xvii.  Ii.'!!)  ; 
C.  Bermudez,  ii.  02  ;  Curtis,  197. 

By  Marilln,  Madrid  Museum  ;  canvas,  H. 
1  ft.  9  in.  x  1  ft.  4  in.  Bust,  three  quarters 
right,  looking  down  ;  heavy  dark  hair  and 
beard,  crowned  with  thorns,  purple  robe. 
Companion  to  Mali-r  Dolorosa,  Madrid  Mu- 
seum. From  Isabel  Farnese  Collection. — 
Curtis,  198  ;  Madrazo,  487. 

By  Murillo  ;  called  The  Veronica,  original 
lost  ?  On  a  napkin,  suspended  by  two  upper 
corners,  which  are  formed  into  rosettes,  is 
the  face  of  Christ,  crowued  with  thorns,  the 


eyes  downcast,  the  beard  short,  and  the  hair 
falling  below  the  chin.  Called  La  Santa  Faz 
(The  Holy  Face);  formerly  in  Capuchin  Con- 
vent, Seville,  whence  disappeared,  in  what 
way  is  unknown. — Repetitions  :  Lord  Over- 
stone,  London  ;  A.  J.  Beresford-Hope,  Lon- 
don.—Curtis,  198. 

By  II  Sodumti,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence ; 
wood,  H.  2  ft.  x  1  ft.  (i  in.  Christ,  half- 
length,  crowned  with  thorns,  and  hands 
bound  with  a  rope  ;  behind,  three  execu- 
tioners. Engraved  by  I.  Bonajuti. — Gal.  du 
Pal.  Pitti,  ii.  PI.  80.  ' 

By  II  Sn/luiii/i,  Siena  Academy  ;  fresco,  H. 
3  ft.  3  in.  x  4  ft.  4  in.  Christ,  crowned  witli 
thorns  and  bound  to  the  column.  Formerly 
in  cloister  of  Convent  of  S.  Francesco  ;  cut 
from  wall  in  1841. 

By  Lo  Sjtiit/iHi,  National  Gallery,  London  ; 
wood,  H.  1  ft.  U  in.  x  1  ft.  Christ  crowned 
with  thorns,  presented  by  Pilate  to  the  peo- 
ple.—Nat.  Gal.  Cat. 

B\'  Tintoretto,  Munich  Gallery;  copper, 
H.  1  ft.  15  in.  x  1  ft.  Christ  sitting,  crowned 
with  thorns,  holding  in  his  bound  hands  the 
reed  sceptre,  aided  by  an  oflicer  ;  in  back- 
ground, Pilate. 

By  Tintoretto,  Scuola  di  S.  Rocco,  Venice  ; 
canvas.  Christ  lies  fainting  on  the  ground, 
with  a  soldier  standing  beside  him  ;  on  the 
other  side,  Pilate  withdraws  the  robe  from 
the  scourged  body  and  points  it  out  to  the 
Jews.  In  treatment,  resembles  Titian  more 
than  Tintoretto. — Ruskin,  Stones  of  Venice, 
iii.  :i52. 

By  Titian,  Madrid  Museum  ;  slate,  H.  2 
ft.  3  in.  x  1  ft.  9.1  in.;  signed.  Figure,  half- 
length,  turned  to  the  right ;  arms  bound  in 
front  of  body ;  head  bent,  and  blood  drops 
from  punctures  of  the  crown  of  thorns. 
Painted  in  1547  for  Charles  V.,  and  carried 
by  Titian  to  Augsburg  ;  at  Yustc  at  time  of 
Emperor's  death.  A  copy,  given  by  Titian 
to  Aretino,  is  perhaps  the  one  of  the  Averoldi 
collection,  Brescia,  now  in  gallery  of  Due 
d'Aumale  ;  exhibited  at  Leeds  in  1H(JH  and 
iu  Paria  in  1874.— C.  &  C.,  Titian,  ii.  100. 

By  Titian,  Scuola   di  S.  Rocco,  Venice  ; 


ECIIEXA 


canvas.  Christ,  with  face  inclined  and  arms 
folded,  sorrowing.  Painted  before  1500.— 
C.  &  C.,  Titian,  i.  58. 

By  Titian,  Vienna  Museum ;  canvas,  H. 
12  ft.  x  8  ft. ;  signed  and  dated  1543.  Christ 
presented  to  the  people  from  the  top  of  a 
flight  of  steps  leading  from  the  palace  into 
the  square  below  ;  the  gaoler  below  looks 
on  while  Pilate  (portrait  of  Aretino)  points 
to  the  Captive  ;  the  turbaned  Turk  in  the 
crowd  below  is  Sultan  Solimau,  aud  the 


tano,  Padua,  dated  1574. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil., 
vii.  429 ;  C.  &  C.,  Titian,  ii.  92. 

Subject  treated  also  by  Hans  Holbein, 
elder,  Donauschiugen  Gallery ;  Lodovico 
Carracci,  Pal.  Doria,  Rome  ;  Bartolommeo 
Montagna,  Louvre  ;  Fra  Bartolommeo,  Pal. 
Pitti,  Florence  ;  Lodovico  Cardi  da  Cigoli, 
ib. ;  Mabuse,  Antwerp  Museum. 

ECHENA,  JOSE,  born  in  Spain,  contem- 
porary. Paints  chiefly  oriental  subjects.  His 
picture,  The  Arrival  at  Calvary,  painted  for 


-?M  •-  r*?s       "  l  '    -       i/i 
^::f  ,T  :^.'b-' •-- lj.:1  '-"^  f 

/  m>-  3^S^T  P 

Wi^-l/fe/f;  M^U" 


Ecce   Homo,  Titian,  Vienna  Museum. 


knight  is  said  by  tradition  to  be  Charles  V., 
but  the  features  are  those  of  Alfonso  d'Este. 
Painted  in  Venice  for  Giovanni  d'Anna,  who 
placed  it  in  his  palace,  now  the  Palazzo  Mar- 
tinengo  ;  sold  in  1G20  to  Sir  Henry  "Wotton, 
English  envoy  at  Venice,  for  Duke  of  Buck- 
ingham, who  a  few  years  afterward  refused 
.£7,000  for  it ;  sold  by  his  son  for  about  £700 
to  Canon  Hillewervo  of  Antwerp,  who  sold  it 
to  the  Archduke  Leopold,  for  his  brother, 
the  Emperor  Ferdinand  HI. ;  removed  from 
Prague  to  Vienna  in  1G88  by  Emperor 
Charles  VI.  Copy  in  sacristy  of  S.  Gae- 


the  high  altar  of  the  Cathedral,  Madrid,  was 
exhibited  in  London  in  1884.  Another 
work,  Snake  Charmers,  was  painted  in  1882. 
ECHTER,  MICHAEL,  born  in  Munich, 
March  5, 1812,  died  there,  Feb.  4, 1879.  His- 
tory painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy  un- 
der Heinrich  Hess,  Clemens  Zimmermann, 
and  Julius  Selmorr,  then  of  Olivier  ;  assisted 
Schnorr  in  the  decoration  of  the  Royal  Pal- 
ace in  Munich,  and  in  184G  Kaulbach,  by 
whom  he  was  much  influenced,  in  that  of 
the  Berlin  Museum.  After  his  return  to 
Munich,  he  became  member  of  the  Academy 


ECHTLEIi 


in  1862,  and  professor  at  the  Art  School  of 
Industry  in  1868.  Order  of  St.  Michael, 
Belgian  Order  of  Leopold,  Bavarian  Medal 
for  Art  and  Science.  Works  :  St.  George, 
Peter  delivered  from  Prison  ;  Walk  to  Ein- 
maus;  Battle  in  Lech  Valley  in  955  (1800), 
Treaty  of  Pavia  (both  in  Maximilianeum)  ; 
Biirbarossa's  Wedding  (1865),  Burial  of  Wal- 
ther  von  der  Vogelweide  (both  in  National 
Museum,  Munich);  Four  Elements  (18I>5) ; 
Telegraphy  and  Railroad  Travelling  (18(!2), 
Central  Railway  Station,  Munich  ;  thirty 
Scenes  from  Wagner's  Operas  (Royal  Palace, 
Munich) ;  Fancy  and  Poetry  (1873) ;  Aurora  ; 
Twelve  Months  represented  by  Children's 
Figures. — Brockhaus,  v.  722  ;  Kunst-Chro- 
nik,  xiv.  369  ;  Regnct,  i.  104. 

ECHTLER,  ADOLF,  born  at  Gorit/, 
Austria ;  contemporary,  Genre  and  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  of  Venice  Academy  un- 
der Karl  Blaas,  of  Vienna  Academy  under 
Fiihrich,  and  of  Munich  Academy.  Lives 
in  Paris.  Gold  Medal,  Berlin,  1875.  Works  : 
Difficult  Problem  ;  Peaceful  Company  ; 
Honi  soit  qui  mnl  y  penso  (1877)  ;  Souve- 
nir of  Italy,  "  Thou  whom  I  have  always 
Loved  .  .  '."  (187!))  ;  The  Kiss  (1880)  ;  Nea- 
politans in  Normandy,  In  the  Morning 
(1881)  ;  Repentant  Sinner  (1882)  ;  Ruin  of 
a  Family,  All  is  Vain  (1883)  ;  Souvenir  of 
Venice  (1884)  ;  Five  Orphans  (1885). 

ECKARDT,  CHRISTEN  (FREDERIK 
EMIL),  born  at  Copenhagen,  July  2,  1832. 
Marine  painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen  Acad- 
emy, but  really  self-taught  ;  visited  Ger- 
many and  Italy  in  1853-56,  and  England, 
France,  and  Italy  in  1873.  Works :  View 
of  Venice  ;  Fishermen  fleeing  from  Storm 
(1862) ;  Fishermen  boarding  Yacht  (1866). 
— Weilbach,  139. 

ECKENBRECHER,  (KARL  PAUL)  THE 
MISTOCLES  VON,  born  in  Athens,  Nov. 
17,  1842.  Landscape  and  marine  painter, 
pupil  in  Potsdam  of  Wegener,  then  in  1861- 
63  in  Diisseldorf  of  Oswald  Achenbach ; 
travelled  in  Germany  and  Switzerland,  took 
part  in  the  campaign  of  1870-71,  then,  after 
•visiting  many  parts  of  Europe,  settled  in 


Diisseldorf,  where,  since  1880,  lias  painted 
panoramic  views  on  a  large  scale.  Works  : 
Thingvalla  Lake,  Almanadjao,  six  Icelandic 
views,  Square  near  Mosque  in  Stambool, 
Chan  Street  in  Stambool  (187:!)  ;  Voring  Fos 
in  Norway,  North  Cape,  Evening  on  Bos- 
porus (1875)  ;  Brusa  (1871!)  ;  View  on 
Norwegian  Coast  (1877)  ;  Battle  of  Grave- 
lotto  (1880);  Battle  of  Nieuwpoort  (1881), 
Entry  of  Mecca  Caravan  into  Cairo. — Brock- 
haus, v.  72<!  ;  Mflller,  153. 

ECKERMANN,  KARL, born  in  Weimar  in 
1834.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  from  1841I 
of  Preller,  then  spent  1855  in  Brussels,  and 
in  185(i  went  to  Carlsruhc  to  study  under 
Schirmer.  Travelled  afterwards  through 
Germany,  Belgium,  and  Holland.  Works  : 
Rhine  Valley  and  Vosges ;  View  on  Isle  of 
Kilgen  ;  Landscape  in  Holstein  ;  View  on 
Inn  River  ;  Liineburg  Heath  ;  View  mi 
Rhine  ;  Landscape  in  Storm  ;  series  of  Still- 
Life  (Castle  Ettersburg,  near  Weimar). — 
Midler,  153. 

ECKERSBERG,  CHRISTOFFER  VIL- 
HELM,  born  at  Varnacs,  Jutland,  Jan.  2, 
1783,  died  in  Copenhagen,  July  22,  1853. 
History  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Co- 
penhagen Academy  under  Abildgaard  ;  won 
great  gold  medal  in  1809,  went  in  1810  to 
Paris,  where  ho  studied  under  David,  and 
after  his  return  went  to  Rome  in  1813  ;  be- 
came in  1817  member  of,  1818  professor  in, 
and  in  1827  director  of  the  Copenhagen 
Academy.  Commander  of  Order  of  Danne- 
brog.  Works  :  Jacob's  Death  (18(111)  ;  Loko 
and  Sygin  (1810)  ;  Women  at  the  Holy  Sep- 
ulchre (1812)  ;  Bidder's  Death  (1817)  ;  Axel 
and  Walburg,  Eight  Scenes  from  History  of 
Oldenburg  (1818  28)  ;  Christ  at  Gcthsem- 
anc  (1824)  ;  Crossing  the  Red  Sea  (1815), 
Russian  Man-of-War  (1828),  Danish  Ship 
under  Sail  (1835),  Sailing  Vessels  in  Sunset, 
Ships  off  Copenhagen  Roadstead  (1848), 
four  others,  Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Death  of 
Balder,  Academy,  ib.;  Calm  Sea  (1832)  ; 
Swedish  Fisherman's  .Boat  (1833)  ;  Sermon 
on  Mount  (1834)  ;  Meeting  at  Sea  ;  Pirate 
Schooner  ;  Krouborg  ;  Portraits  of  Oehleu- 


ECKEESBERG 


schliiger,  Thorwaldsen,  and  of  royal  family. 
— Brockhaus,  v.  728  ;  Weilbacli,  140. 
ECKEBSBERG,   JOHAN    FREDERIK, 

born  at  Drammen,  Norway,  in  1822,  died  at 
Sandwik,  July  13,  1870.  Landscape  painter,  ! 
pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under  Schir- 
jncr.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  had  been 
placed  in  a  mercantile  office  in  Christiania, 
but  during  a  previous  sojourn  of  several 
years  in  Holland  having  imbibed  a  taste  for 
art,  relinquished  his  post  and  entered  the 
technical  drawing  school,  where  lie  obtained 
a  government  stipend  in  1824,  and  went  to 
Diisseldorf.  Returned  to  Christiauia  in 
1848,  lived  and  sketched  in  Madeira  in 
1852-54,  and  founded  the  Academy  of 
Painting  at  Christiania  in  185'.*.  Works  : 
View  in  Saeter  Valley,  Christiania  Gallery  ; 
High  Plain  in  Middle  Norway;  Peak  of 
Romsdalshorn  ;  View  in  Sigdal  ;  Series  of 
Views  in  Madeira. 

EDDELIEN,  MATTHIAS  (HEINRICH 
ELIAS),  born  at.  Greifswalde,  Pomcrania, 
Jan.  22,  1803,  died  Dec.  24,  1852.  History 
painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen  Academy,  and 
studied  in  Home  in  1830-44.  Executed 
paintings  for  Christiausborg  Castle  in  1831- 
32,  and  after  his  return  from  Rome  began 
to  decorate  the  Chapel  of  Christian  IV-  in 
Roskilde  Cathedral,  but  was  paralyzed  in 
1852.  Medals,  1827,  1831,  1833,  1837. 
Member  of  Copenhagen  Academy  in  1845. 
Works :  David  playing  the  Harp  before 
Saul  (1837)  ;  Christ  blessing  the  Children 
(1840  and  1844)  ;  Staerkadder  awaiting  An- 
gantyr  for  Combat;  Young  Faun  (1830), 
Copenhagen  Gallery. — Weilbach,  14!). 

EDELFELT,  ALBERT,  born  at  Helsing- 
fors,  Finland;  contemporary.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Geromc.  Lives  in  Paris.  Medals  : 
3d  ('lass,  1880  ;  2d  class,  1882.  Works : 
Blanche  de  Namur  and  Prince  Hacquin 

(1877)  ;  Duke  Charles  IX.  of  Sweden  insult- 
ing the  Dead  Body  of  his  Enemy  Fleming 

(1878)  ;    Episode    in    Revolt    of    Finland 
Peasants,  159G,  The  Cherries  (1879) ;  Child's 
Funeral  in  Finland  (1880)  ;  At  the  Artist's 
(1881) ;  Divine  Service  on  Sea-shore  (1882)  ; 


Old  Finland  Peasant  Woman  (1883) ;  At  Sea 
(1884)  ;  The  Little  Ship  (1885)  ;  Under  the 
Beeches,  Charity(SeneySale,New  York,  1885). 
EDEMA,  GERARD,  born  in  Friesland  in 
1C52,  died  at  Richmond,  England,  in  1700. 
Dutch  School.  Landscape  painter,  pupil 
of  Allart  van  Everdingen,  whom  he  imi- 
tated, and  like  whom  painted  chiefly  views 
in  Norway  ;  went  to  England  in  1070,  and 
thence  visited  Norway  and  Newfoundland. 
The  figures  in  his  landscapes  were  generally 
supplied  by  Thomas  Wyck.  Works  :  River 
Scene,  Landscape,  Hampton  Court  Gallery. 
EDEN,  EXPULSION  FROM  (Genesis, 
iii.  24),  Giuseppe  Cenari,  Louvre  ;  copper, 
H.  1  ft.  <!  in.  x  1  ft.  2  in.  Adam  and  Eve, 
nude,  fleeing  to  right ;  at  left,  the  angel 
with  a  sword.  Collections  of  Prince  de 
Carignan,  of  Prince  de  Conti,  and  of  Louis 
XVI.  Engraved  by  Levasseur  in  Musee 
franeais  ;  Villerey  in  Filhol. — Landou,  vii. 
10;  Filhol,  ii.  134  ;  lli'veil,  vi.  385. 

By  Masaccio, 
Brancacci  Chap- 
el, Carmine, 
Florence  ;  fresco 
on  left  wall. 
Adam  and  Eve, 
their  loins  cov- 
ered with  fig- 
leaves,  are  fleeing 
before  the  Angel 
with  a  sword,  who 
appears  above. — 
Kugler  (East- 
lake),  i.  222. 

By  Tintoretto, 
Venice  Academy; 
canvas.  Adam 
and  Eve  driven 
from  Paradise. 
Companion  piece 
to  Death  of  Abel; 
both  formerly  in 
Scuola  di  SS. 

Expulsion  from    Eden,  Masaccio,  Bran-  Trillitu.  Zanot- 

cacci  Chapel,  Carmine,  Florence.  .     ™     /,Q 

EDICT   OF  WILLL\M    THE    TESTY, 


EDMONDS 


George  H.  lionghlon,  Corcoran  Gallery, 
Washington  ;  canvas,  H.  3  ft.  (!  in.  x  5  ft.  (! 
in.  Scene  from  Irving's  "  Knickerbocker's 
History  of  New  York,"  Chapter  VII.  Will- 
iam the  Testy,  Governor  of  New  Nether- 
lauds,  having  issued  an  edict  prohibiting 
the  smoking  of  tobacco,  a  multitude  of  citi- 
zens, armed  with  pipes  and  an  immense 
supply  of  ammunition,  sat  themselves  down 
in  front  of  his  house  and  fell  to  smoking 
with  all  their  might.  The  Governor,  with  , 
cane  uplifted,  is  threatening  the  rioters, 
conspicuous  among  whom  is  Antony  van 
Corlaer,  the  Trumpeter,  and  BrinkerholV, 
hero  of  tho  clam-aiid-oiiion  war  against 
the  Yankees.  Painted  in  1877.  Original 
study,  Charles  S.  Smith,  New  York. 

EDMONDS,  FRANCIS  W.,  born  in  Hud- 
son, N.  Y.,  Nov.  -22,  1800,  died  in  18<;:i. 
Genre  painter,  self-taught.  For  many 
years  connected  with  the  American  Bank- 
Note  Company,  on  whose  notes  several  of 
his  pictures  were  engraved.  Kxhibited 
first  in  18:!C»,  elected  an  A.N.A.  in  183S,  and 
N.A.  shortly  after  ;  he  was  trustee  and  at 
one  time  recording  secretary  of  the  National 
Academy.  Visited  Italy  in  1840.  Works  : 
Penny  Paper  (183!))  ;  Sparking  (1840,  en- 
graved by  the  Art  Union) ;  Boy  Stealing 
Milk  (18413),  Jonathan  Sturges,  New  York  ; 
Florence,  Vesuvius  (1844)  ;  Sleepy  Student 
(1846)  ;  Trial  of  Patience  (1848)  ;  Speculator 
(1852)  ;  Taking  tho  Census  (1854)  ;  Thirsty 
Drover  (ISijC)  ;  Bargaining  (1858),  Image 
Pedler,  "Wind-Mill,  11  L.  Stuart,  New  York  ; 
Gil  Bias  and  the  Archbishop,  John  Taylor 
Johnston,  ib.  ;  Dame,  in  the  Kitchen. — 
Tuckerman,  414. 

EDOUARD,  ALBERT,  bom  at  Caen  (Cal- 
vados), April  22,  1845.  Historical,  genre, 
figure,  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Cornu, 
Geroine,  Coguiet,  and  J.  E.  Delaunay.  Medal, 
3d  class,  1882  ;  2d  class,  1885.  Works  :  Don 
Juan  cast  Ashore  (1870);  Meditation  (1874); 
Apollo  and  Daphne  (1875);  Odalisque,  In- 
discreet (187(5);  St.  Leonard  and  the  Pris- 
oner, The  Toilet  (1877);  St.  James  led  to 
Execution  (1878);  Dante  and  Virgil  on  the 


Frozen  Lake  (187!));  Thetis  (1880);  Caligula 
and  the  Cobbler  (1882);  On  the  Norman 
Coast  in  August  (1883);  Khiomara  (1884); 
Briseis  and  her  Companions  weeping  over 
the  Body  of  Patroclus  (1885). 

EDRIDGE,  HENRY,  born  at  Paddington, 
Aug.,  176!),  died  in  London,  April  23,  1*21. 
Miniature,  landscape,  and  architecture  paint- 
er in  water-colours;  apprenticed  to  W.  Petlier, 
engraver  and  landscape  painter  ;  student  at 
Royal  Academy  in  1784;  elected  an  A.K.A. 
in  1820.  Was  a  successful  painter  of  minia- 
tures, among  his  sitters  being  the  royal  fam- 
ily. William  Pitt,  Lord  Macartney,  the  Spen- 
cer family,  Southey,  Wordsworth,  and  Ben- 
jamin West.  In  1810  he  began  painting 
landscapes,  and  in  1*1'.)  architectural  sub- 
jects, the  first  being  the  Cathedrals  of  l>eau- 
vais  and  Rouen.  Several  of  his  landscapes 
are  in  South  Kensington  Museum. — Sandby, 
ii.  65  ;  Portfolio  (18SO),  I'.li;. 

EECKHOUT,  GEKBIUND  VAN  DEN, 
born  in  Am- 
sterdam, Aug. 
11),  1621,  died 
there,  Oct.  22, 
1674.  Dutch 
school  ;  por- 
trait and  his- 
to  ry  painter. 
Son  of  a  gold- 
smith  and 
after  1635  pu- 
pil of  Rembrandt,  whose  manner  lie  adopted. 
Works  :  Christ  blessing  Little  Children,  Na- 
tional Gallery,  London  (bought  as  a  Rem- 
brandt from  Suermondt  Collection);  Christ 
and  the  Woman  taken  in  Adultery,  Adora- 
tion of  Magi,  Warrior  in  Repose,  National 
Museum,  Amsterdam  ;  Dedication  of  Sam- 
1  uel,  Louvre;  Male  portrait  (1640,  Copy  of 
Rembrandt's  Doreur),  Solomon  sacrificing 
to  the  Idols  (1654),  Mother  and  Child  (165! I), 
Sophonisbc  receiving  tho  poisoned  Cup 
(1664),  Tobias  healing  his  Father,  Female 
portrait,  Brunswick  Museum  ;  Music  Les- 
son (1655),  Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Circum- 
cision, Jacob's  Dream  (1661)),  Cassel  Gallery  ; 


EECK1IOTTT 


Christ  and  the  Doctors  (1002),  Abraham 
casting  off  Hagar,  Isaac  blessing  Jacob,  Old 
Pinakothek,  Munich ;  David  and  Abigail, 
Schleisshcim  Gallery;  Presentation  in  the 
Temple,  Mercury  killing  Argus  (1GGG),  Rais- 
ing of  Jairus'  Daughter,  Berlin  Museum  ; 
Triumph  of  Mordecai,  Guard  House,  Lord 
Bute,  London ;  Portrait  of  the  Historian 

Dapper  (1609), 
Stiidel  Institute, 
Frankfort. — 
Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole 
hollandaise ;  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  v.  053  ;  Im- 
incrzecl,  i.  210  ;  Ivramm,  ii.  415  ;  lliegel, 
Beitriige,  ii.  273. 

EECKHOUT,  JACOB  JOSEPH  VAN 
DEN,  born  in  Antwerp,  Eeb.  0,  1793,  died 
in  Paris  in  1801.  History,  genre,  and  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  of  Antwerp  Academy  ; 
then  practised  sculpture,  in  which  he  ob- 
tained a  prize  in  1821  ;  took  up  painting 
without  a  master,  and  in  1823  obtained  the 
first  prize  in  Ghent,  and  soon  after  a  medal 
at  Douai.  In  1831  settled  at  The  Hague, 
where  in  1839  he  became  director  of  the 
Academy  ;  moved  to  Mechlin  in  1844,  then 
to  Brussels,  and  in  1859  to  Paris.  Member 
of  Amsterdam,  Antwerp,  Brussels,  and  Rot- 
terdam  Academies.  Works  :  St.  Nicholas 
Festival,  Checkmate  (1823);  Peasant  plough- 
ing in  a  Storm  (1829);  Battle  of  Bautersnm, 
Conquest  of  Tirlemout  (1831);  Doctor's 
Visit,  Savoyard  with  Dog  and  Monkey, 
Nuptials  of  Jacqueline  of  Bavaria  with  Duke 
Jan  of  Brabant  (1839),  National  Museum, 
Amsterdam ;  Abdication  of  Jacqueline  of 
Bavaria,  Peter  the  Great  atZaandam  (1840); 
Death  of  "William  the  Silent,  Death  of  Van 
Spuyk  (together  with  Wappers),  Hambroek 
on  Isle  of  Formosa  (1841);  Orphans  coming 
from  Church,  Departure  of  Scheveningen 
Recruits,  Domestic  Scene  at  Scheveningeu, 
Paternal  Admonition,  Old  "Woman  reading 
aloud,  The  Poor  Blind,  Rabbit  on  the  Wall, 
Pay-Day,  Return  from  the  Chase,  Return 
from  Fishing;  Collection  of  portraits  of  mod- 
ern artists  born  in  the  Netherlands  (1822). 
— Immerzeel,  i.  217  ;  Kramm,  ii.  414. 


EERTVELT.     See  Artcelt. 

EFFIE  DEANS,  Sir  John  Everett  Mil- 
lais,  Robert  Loder,  Esq.,  M.P.  ;  canvas,  H. 
4  ft.  9  in.  x  3  ft.  0  in.  Scene  from  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  "  Heart  of  Midlothian  ; "  one 
of  the  clandestine  meetings  between  Effie 
Deans  and  Geordie  Stauuton  or  Robertson. 
The  outlaw,  in  a  slate-coloured  coat  with 
the  deep  cuffs  of  the  period  and  wearing  a 
Lowland  broad  bonnet,  is  on  the  further 
side  of  a  wall  in  a  wood  ;  Effie,  on  the  side 
toward  the  spectator,  attired  in  a  loose  pink 
costume  and  holding  her  blue  snood  in  her 
hand,  turns  her  eyes  upward  with  a  hope- 
less expression  as  she  listens  to  her  betray- 
er's words  ;  at  her  feet  sits  a  faithful  collie, 
looking  wistfully  up  into  her  face.  Painted 
in  1877  ;  Arbuthnot  sale  (1882),  £892. 

EGG,  AUGUSTUS  LEOPOLD,  born  in 
London,  May  2,  1816,  died  in  Algiers, 
March  25,  1803.  History  and  genre  painter, 
pupil  in  drawing  of  Henry  Sass,  and  student 
at  Royal  Academy  in  1836  ;  became  an  A.R.  A. 
in  1848,  and  R.A.  in  1860.  Won  a  well-de- 
served reputation  as  a  painter  of  social  his- 
tory subjects.  Works  :  Spanish  Girl  (1838) ; 
Laugh  when  you  Can  (1839);  Scene  from 
Henry  IV.  (1840);  Scene  from  Le  Diable 
|  Boiteux  (1844),  National  Gallery  ;  Bucking- 
ham Rebuffed  (1846);  Wooing  of  Katherine, 
Luceutio  and  Bianca  (1847);  Peter  the  Great 
and  Catherine  (1850);  Pepys's  Introduction 
to  Nell  Gwynne  (1851);  Life  of  Bucking- 
ham, Death  of  Buckingham  (1855);  Knight- 
ing of  Esmond  (1857);  Night  before  Naseby, 
Madame  de  Maintenon  and  Scan-on  (1859) ; 
Katherine  and  Petruchio  (1860),  his  last 
picture. — Cat.  Nat.  Gal.;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole 
anglaise  ;  Redgrave  ;  Sandby,  ii.  310. 

EGGERS,  JOHANN  KARL,  born  at  Neu- 
strelitz,  Mecklenburg,  in  1790,  died  there  in 
1803.  History  and  portrait  painter,  pupil 
in  Dresden  of  Matthai.  At  Rome  Le  aided 
in  the  revival  of  fresco  painting,  and  at  Ber- 
lin assisted  Cornelius  in  decorating  the  por- 
tico of  the  new  Museum  with  frescos.  Works : 
Mater  Dolorosa,  Sleeping  Venus  (1819);  Cu- 
pid (1823),  BeUevue  Castle  near  Berlin  ; 


10 


EGLOFFSTEIX 


Christ  with  Mary  and  Martha  ;  Washing 
the  Lord's  Feet ;  Choir  in  Nauniburg  Cathe- 
dral. Fresco  :  Rome  Personified  (Vatican). 

EGLOFFSTEIN,  JULIE  VON,  Countess, 
born  at  Hildesheini,  Sept.,  1702,  died  Jan. 
1C,  1869.  History,  genre,  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under 
Sohn  ;  a  beautiful  and  gifted  woman  at  Court 
of  Weimar,  mentioned  by  Goethe  in  his 
poems.  Became  canoness  of  Hildesheini. 
Works  :  Shepherds  in  the  Carapagua  (I8U5): 
Girl  braiding  her  Hair  ;  Hagar  in  the  Des- 
ert ;  Exposure  of  Moses  ;  portraits  of  Queen 
Teresa  of  Bavaria  and  of  Grand  Duchess  of 
Saxe- Weimar. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  v.  (>8:{. 

EGMOND,  JUSTUS  (VEBUS)  VAN, 
born  in  Leyden,  Sept.  22,  1(5(51,  died 
in  Antwerp,  Jan.  8,  1674.  Flemisli  school  ; 
history  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Gas- 
par  van  den  Hocck  in  1(515,  and  then  of 
Rubens,  whom  he  assisted  especially  in  the 
execution  of  the  Marie  de  Medici  pictures 
at  the  Louvre.  Later  was  in  the  service  of 
Louis  XIII.  and  Louis  XIV.,  and  was 
among  the  original  members  of  the  French 
Academy,  founded  in  1(548.  He  worked 
also  conjointly  with  Vouet,  and  returned  to 
Antwerp  before  Nov.  11,  1(5(50.  Works  : 
Portrait  of  Archduke  Leopold  William,  two 
portraits  of  Philip  IV.  of  Spain,  Vienna  Mu- 
seum ;  Maria  de'  Medici,  Schleissheim  Gal- 
lery.-—Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  v.  (587  ;  Biog.  nat. 
de  Belgique,  vi.  512  ;  Jal,  5'28  ;  Rooses 
(Rcber),  318  ;  Van  den  Branden,  7(5(5. 

EGMONT  AND  HORN,  OBSEQUIES 
OF,  Louis  Gallail,  Tournay  Museum  ;  can- 
vas. The  Duke  of  Alva,  who  under  the 
forms  of  justice  had  executed  his  noble 
Dutch  predecessors,  Count  Lamoral  of  Eg- 
mont  and  Philip  of  Montmorency,  Count 
Horn,  visits  their  bodies  when  arranged 
for  burial  and  contemplates  them  with 
savage  satisfaction.  Painted  in  1851  ;  pur- 
chased by  city  of  Tournay.  Replica  (185!)), 
water-colour  (14x19  in.),  W.  T.  Walters, 
Baltimore. — Art  Treasures  of  America,  i.  88.  • 

EGOGNI,  AMBROGIO.    See  llorywjnone,  \ 
Auabrogio. 


EGUSQUIZA,  ROGELIO  DE,  born  at 
Santander,  Spain  ;  contemporary.  Works  : 
Don  Quixote  and  the  Parson  ;  Bright  Look- 
out ;  Boudoir  Scene,  A.  J.  Drexel,  Phila- 
delphia;  She  laughs  at  his  Folly,  W.  B. 
Bement,  Philadelphia  ;  Disappointed  ;  Re- 
turn from  Walk,  C.  P.  Huntington,  New 
York  ;  Reading  Girl,  Borie  Collection,  Phila- 
delphia ;  Michelangelo  beside  the  Body  of 
Vittoria  Colonna  ;  Charles  V.  at  San  Yusto 
(18G8);  After  a  Brawl  (186!));  Infant  Don 
Carlos  and  Infanta  Dona  Juan  a  swear  to  de- 
fend the  Catholic.  Faith  (1870);  The  Be- 
trothed (l,s,s:!). 

EGYPT,  FLIGHT  INTO.     See  J-'li./ht. 

EGYPT,  REPOSK  IN.     See  fle/ww?. 

EGYPTIAN  FEAST,  Edwin  /,..,,,/,  Fine 
Art  Society,  London  ;  canvas,  H.  (5  ft.  2  in. 
X  12  ft.  -4  in.  A  feast  spread  in  a  vast  dec- 
orated hall  of  Egyptian  architecture,  with 
massive  columns  in  background  ;  in  the  cen- 
tre slaves  are  dragging  a  mummy  upon  a 
bier,  to  remind  the  numerous  revellers  that 
they  are  mortal  ;  in  foreground,  musicians. 
Engraved  by  E.  Girardet. 

EHNINGER,  .JOHN  WHKTTON,  born 
in  New  York,  July  22,  1<S27.  Landscape 
and  figure  painter  ;  after  graduating  at  Co- 
lumbia College  he  went  to  Paris  (1847), 
where  he  studied  two  years  under  Couture, 
and  then  at  Diisseldorf.  He  was  at,  one 
time  employed  by  a  London  illustrated 
journal  to  furnish  designs  for  wood-cuts. 
Elected  N.A.  in  lH(i().  Studio  at  Saratoga 
Springs.  Works:  Peter  Stuyvesant  (1N50); 
Eight  illustrations  of  Miles  Standisli  (1S.">S); 
Autumnal  Landscape  (1867);  Monk  (1S71); 
Vintage  in  the  Valtellina—  Italy  ( 1877;;  Twi- 
light from  the  Bridge  of  Pan — Basses-Pyre- 
nees (1878);  Subject  for  Thanksgiving  (187!»); 
Lady  of  the  Manor  (1882);  The  Old,  Old 
Story  (1884).— Tuckerman,  4(51. 

EHRENBERG,  WILLEM  VAN  (Wilhelm 
Schubert  von  Ehrenberg),  born  at  Antwerp, 
baptized  May  12,  Ki.'iO  (according  to  Van 
den  Branden  in  Germany  in  1(!.'!7),  died 
there  iu  1(575  or  167(5.  Flemish  school  ; 
architecture  painter,  master  of  the  guild  in 


11 


EI1PJ1ARDT 

1GG2.     Excellent   in    perspective.     Works  :  EIBNER,  FRIEDRICH,  born  at  Hilpot- 

Interior  of  Palace  (1GGG,  figures  by  H.  van  stein,   Palatinate,    Feb.  25,    1825,    died  in 

Minderhout),  Antwerp  Museum  ;  Architect-  Munich,  Nov.  18,   1877.     Architecture  and 

ure  in  Biset's  William  Tell,  Brussels   Mu-  landscape  painter,  self-taught,  principally  by 

seum ;  do.    of  Art   Gallery   (1671),   Hague  copying    after    H.     Schoenfeld ;     travelled 

Museum  ;  do.  (1GGG),  Old  Pinakothek,  Mu-  through     Bavaria     (1847),    Germany    and 

nich  ;  Church  Interior  (1GG4),  Vienna  Mu-  \  France     (1852),     North     Italy     (1853-56), 

Heinn.— Biog.    nat,    do   Belgique,    vi.    515  ;  and  Spain    (18GO-G1),    whither   he   accom- 

Cat.  du  Musi'o  d'Auvers  (1874),  4G4  ;  Van  panied  Prince  Metschersky,  in  whose  pos- 

den  Branden,  875.  !  session  is  a  valuable  series  of  sixty-five  great 

E  H  R  H  A II D  T,  (KARL  L  IT  D  W I G)  water-colour  views  from  Spain.     Among  his 

ADOLF,    born   in   Berlin,    Nov.  21,    1818.  best  works  are  :  Cathedrals  of  Burgos,  Se- 

History    painter,  pupil   in   the   Diisseldorf  ville,  and  Segovia  ;  Palace  of  Inquisition  at 

Academy  under  Schadow  (1832);  after  1838  Cordova  ;  Ponte   del   Paradise   in   Venice; 

assisted  Bendemann  in  decorating  the  Royal  St.  Anastasia   in   Verona  ;  Church   of   Our 

Palace  at  Dresden  with  frescos  and  became  Lady   at   Esslingen. — Kunst-Chronik,    xiii. 

professor  at  the  Academy  in  184(5.     Works  :  178. 

-lephthah's   Daughter   (1836);    Christ   with  EICHHORN,  ALBERT,  bom  at  Freien- 

Mary   and    Martha   (1837);    Death   of    the  walde  on  the  Oder,  July  7,   1811,  died  at 

Troubadour  Rudello  ;  Rinaldo  and  Arinida  ;  Potsdam,  Oct.  10,  1851.  Architecture  and 
Dante's  Dream  ;  Charles  V.  in  the  Monas- ,  landscape  painter,  pupil,  in  Berlin,  of  Tem- 
tery  ;  Louis  the  Bavarian  with  Frederic  the  peltei  and  Biennann,  travelled  through  Italy 

i         -^  Fair ;    Luther    as     Squire  and    Greece,  settled    in  Potsdam,   and  was 

M/C-l      George    in    Jena    (18G4),  much  employed  by  King  Frederick  William 
"              Leipsic   Museum ;    Resur-  IV.     Works :    Views   in   and   about   Rome 

rection  ;  Portrait  of  Lud-  (1842);  Taygetus,  Temple  of  Phigalia  (1842); 


wig   Rich  t  er.—  Miillcr, 
155  ;  Wiegmann,  152. 

EHRMANN,  FRANCOIS  KMILE,  born  in 


St.  Peter's  in  Rome  ;  Temple  of  Corinth  ; 
Temple  of  Zeus,  Road  of  Patras  ;  City  Views 
from  Italy ;  The  Campagna. — Allgem.  d. 


Strasburg,  Sept.  5,  1833.  History  painter,  Biogr.,  v.  728;  Kunstblatt  (1853),  2570. 
pupil  of  Gleyre  and  of  the  Ecole  des  B.  EICHLEH,  HERMANN,  born  in  Vienna 
Arts,  studied  two  years  in  Italy,  and  re-  in  1842.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Christian 
turned  to  Paris  in  18G5.  Medals:  1865  Ruben,  whose  studio  he  entered  in  18G4. 
and  18G8  ;  3d  class,  1874  ;  L.  of  Honour,  Works  :  Charles  I.  meeting  Cromwell  after 
1870.  Works:  Siren  Fishing  (18G5,  burned  the  Sentence;  Peter  Hele  the  Inventor  of 
in  Strasburg,  1870);  A  Conqueror  (Luxem-  \  Watches  ;  Rudolph  II.;  Count  von  Helfen- 
bourg  Museum,  copied  at  the  Gobelins);  stein  in  the  Peasants'  War  ;  Oberon  ;  In  the 
Ariadne  abandoned  by  Theseus  (1873),  !  Shade  of  the  Bormio  ;  Picnic  (1879).—  Miil- 


water-colour,  Luxembourg  Museum;  Greece, 
Rome,  The   Barbarians,  The   Middle  Ages 


ler,  156  ;  N.  illustr.  Zeitg.  (1881),  i.  339. 
EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED  AND  SEVEN, 


(1874),  M.  Girard,  Paris  ;  Venus  passing  be-  Jean  Louis  Ernest  Meisssonier,  Mrs.  A.  T. 
fore  the  Sun  (1875);  The  Muses  (1877);  Re-  [  Stewart,  New  York  ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  6  in.  x 
publican  France  leading  the  Nations  to  8  ft.  At  first  called  Friedland,  but  finally 
Peace  and  Industry  (1879);  The  Fates;  The 


Fountain   of  Youth ;  Wisdom   uniting  Art 


named  after  the  date  of  the  battle.     Scene 
-a  ceremonial  review  of  the  exhausted  vic- 


and  Industry  (1884);  The  Manuscript  (1885).    torious   troops  after  the  nine  hours'  fight- 
-L'Art  (1876),  iii.  297  ;  Meyer,  Couv.  Lex.,  ;  ing  which  made  Napoleon  dictator  of  Eu- 

•  •  •      r\  ff\ 

rope.     The   Twelfth   Cuirassiers    galloping 


xviii.  259. 


EILERSEX 


through  the  trampled  grain  arc  rising  in 
their  stirrups,  waving  their  swords,  and 
shouting  iu  a  frenzy  of  enthusiasm  as  the 
Emperor,  on  a  white  horse  at  left,  sur- 
rounded by  his  Etat-major  and  Marshals 
Bessicres,  Duroe,  and  13erthier,  salutes  them 
by  raising  his  cocked  hat.  Behind,  at  Na- 
poleon's left,  troops  are  waiting  to  fall  into 
line,  and  further  on  are  seen  the  bearskin 
caps  of  the  Old  Guard.  In  the  foreground, 
nt  Napoleon's  right,  in  yellow  breeches  and 
red  dolmans,  are  the  four  troopers  compos- 
ing the  avant-garde  of  the  imperial  escort. 
Meissonier's  masterpiece.  Finished  in  LsTii 
after  fifteen  years'  labour.  The  costumes 
and  trappings  were  made  by  tailors,  boot- 
makers, and  saddlers ;  the  horses  wens 
modelled  in  wax.  Vienna  Exposition,  LS7S. 
Mr.  Stewart  paid  800,000  for  it.—  I/Art 
(1K7(!),  i.  11 ;  Art  Treasures  of  America,  i. 
27. 

EILEHSEN,  RASMUSSEX,  born  at  Os- 
terby,  Fiinen,  March  1,  1827.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen  Academy  ; 
took  part  in  the  Schleswig-Holstein  cam- 
paign of  1848-50,  and  afterwards  studied 
under  J.  I'.  Moller  ;  visited  France,  Switzer- 
land, and  the  Pyrenees  in  1858-00,  London 
in  1802,  Holland  and  Belgium  in  1871,  Vi- 
enna and  Salzburg  in  1873,  and  Italy  in 
1870.  Many  of  his  pictures  bought  in  Ger- 
many and  England.  Member  of  Copenha- 
gen Academy,  1871  ;  Order  of  Danebrog, 
1870.  Works :  Mill  near  Heden  ;  Land- 
scape in  Southern  Fiinen  (1855)  ;  View  of 
Himmelbjaerget  (1857)  ;  Gloomy  Weather 
iu  the  Landes,  Two  Views  in  the  Pyrenees 
(1801)  ;  Morning  at  Sorrento,  October  After- 
noon at  Amalfi  (1881) ;  View  in  Frysenborg 
Deer-Park  (1804),  Copenhagen  Gallery. — 
Sigurd  Miiller,  87  ;  Weilbach,  152. 

EINSLE,  ANTON,  born  in  Vienna  in 
1801,  died  there  March  10,  1871.  Portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Vienna  Academy ;  ap- 
pointed court-painter  in  1807,  and  decorated 
with  the  Order  of  Franz  Josef.  Works  : 
Count  Zichy,  The  Letter  (1842)  ;  Sculptor 
Klieber  (1844)  ;  Negro  Slave  (1840)  ;  Count 


Chotek,  Countess  Wickenburg  (1840)  ;  Em- 
peror Francis  Joseph,  Empress  Elizabeth, 
Field-Marshal  Count  Radetzky. — Wurzbach, 
iv.  15. 

EIRENE,  painter.     See  fre»i: 

EISEXMENGER,  AUGUST,  born  in  Vi- 
enna, Feb.  11,  18IHJ.  Decorative  painter, 
pupil  of  Leopold  Schult/,  of  the  Vienna 
Academy,  in  1842-48,  and  in  185li  of  Itulil, 
whose  indispensable  assistant  he  soon  be- 
came. Professor  at  Vienna  Academy  since 
1872.  Works:  Apollo  and  the  Muses  (I80!t), 
Musikvcri-in,  Vienna  ;  Ceiling  Paintings, 
Grand  Hotel,  il>. ;  Twelve  Months,  Palais 
Guttmann,  ib. ;  The  Graces  and  Peace, 
Tiet/.  Mansion,  ib. ;  Scenes  from  Lives  of 
Emperor  Maximilian  I.  and  Duke  Leopold, 
C'astle  Hiirnstein  ;  Fresco  Paintings  in  the 
Museum  of  Art  and  Industry. — Graph.  K., 
vi.  77  ;  Miiller,  150. 

E1SMANX,  JOHANX  ANTON,  born  at 
Salzburg  in  1034,  died  in  Venice  in  10'.I8. 
German  school  ;  landscape,  marine,  and 
battle  painter,  self-taught  ;  went  to  Venice, 
where  he  studied  after  the  old  masters,  and 
soon  attained  considerable  success.  His  land- 
scapes and  seaports  embellished  with  archi- 
tecture were  especially  esteemed.  Works  : 
Landscapes  with  Ruins  (2),  Dresden  Gal- 
lery; Landscape  with  Cavalry  Skirmish,  Vi- 
enna Museum. 

EISMANN-BRISEf iHELLA,  CARLO, 
born  iu  Venice  in  107'.).  Landscape,  marine, 
and  battle  painter,  adopted  son  and  pupil 
of  preceding,  who  at  Venice  had  formed  a 
friendship  with  his  father,  Mattia  Brise- 
ghella.  After  Eismann's  death  he  seems  to 
have  settled  at  Ferrara.  Works  :  Skirmish 
under  the  Walls  of  a  Fortress,  Cavalry  Skir- 
mishes (2),  A  Battlefield,  Dresden  Gallery. 

EKELS,  JAN,  the  younger,  born  at  Am- 
sterdam in  175!),  died  there  June  4,  171)3. 
Dutch  school  ;  genre  painter,  son  and  pu- 
pil of  Jan  E.  the  elder  (1724-81)  ;  went  to 
Paris,  and  in  1783  up  the  Rhine  to  Ddssel- 
tlorf  to  visit  the  gallery.  Imitated  the  old 
masters,  especially  J.  Molenaer.  Works  : 
Young  Man  Drawing,  Peasant  lighting  his 


EKWALL 


Pipe,   Stadel   Gallery,    Frankfort.— Immer- 
zeel,  i.  220. 

EKWALL,  KNUT,  born  at  Siiby,  Sma- 
land,  April  3,  1843.  Genre  painter  and 
illustrator,  pupil  of  Stockholm  Academy  ; 
devoted  himself  to  illustration  in  1870,  and 
was  engaged  in  it  at  Munich  and  Leipsic 
until  1875,  when  he  studied  genre  painting 
under  Kuaus  in  Berlin,  and  settled  there. 
Works  :  Ten  Minutes  for  Refreshments  ; 
Family  Scene  in  Dalocarlia  ;  After  Mid- 
night ;  Sailor's  Return  ;  After  the  Bath ; 


ELECTION,  Hogarth,  Soane  Museum, 
London  ;  four  pictures,  canvas,  H.  3  ft.  4 
in.  x  4  ft.  4  in.  1.  The  Election  Entertain- 
ment ;  2.  Canvassing  for  Votes  ;  3.  Polling 
at  the  Hustings  ;  4.  The  Chairing  of  the 
Successful  Candidate.  These  pictures  for- 
merly belonged  to  Garrick  ;  bought  of  his 
widow  in  1823  for  .£1,732  10s. — Jameson's 
Handbook,  ii.  572. 

ELEVATION  OF  CROSS,  Rubens,  Ant- 
werp Cathedral ;  H.  14  ft,  x  15  ft.  In  three 
parts :  centre,  the  Saviour  on  the  Cross, 


Elevation  of  Cross,  Rubens,  Antwerp  Cathedral. 


Berlin  Fire  Department ;  Sub  Rosa  (1880) ; 
Honeymoon  (1882) ;  He  is  Coming  (1883)  ; 
Morning  after  Wedding,  Jolly  Morning 
Hour  (1884). 

ELAINE,  Toby  Rosenthal,  Mrs.  R.  C.  John-  ' 
son,  San  Francisco.  Illustration  of  Tenny- 
son's "Lancelot  and  Elaine,"  where  the  "  lily 
maid  of  Astolat,"  stretched  upon  her  bier  on 
the  funeral  galley,  "Oar'd  by  the  dumb,  went 
upward  with  the  flood."  Painted  in  1874. 

ELASIPPUS,  Greek  painter,  date  un- 
known. One  of  many  reputed  inventors  of 
encaustic  painting. — Pliny,  xxxv.  39  [122]. 


which  nine  powerful  men  are  elevating ; 
left  wing,  the  Virgin,  the  Holy  Women,  and 
St.  John,  the  latter  standing  by  the  Virgin  ; 
right  wing,  mounted  Roman  soldiers  super- 
intending the  crucifixion  of  the  two  thieves. 
The  groups  on  the  wings  are  painted  on  the 
inside  of  the  covers  of  the  middle  part.  On 
the  exterior  of  the  covers  are :  St.  Cather- 
ine on  one  side,  and  St.  Eloi  on  the  other. 
Painted  in  1610  for  S.  Walburge,  Antwerp  ; 
retouched  in  1027  by  Rubens,  who  then 
introduced  the  Newfoundland  dog  in  the 
corner.  Carried  to  Paris  in  1796  ;  returned 


ELIJAH 


in  1815.  Engraved  by  C.  L.  Masquelier ; 
in  three  parts  by  Witdoue.  St.  Catherine 
engraved  by  Bolswert,  Mariette. — Smith,  ii. 
1 ;  Jameson,  Hist.  Our  Lord,  ii.  135 ;  llo- 
veil,  x.  G87  ;  Landon,  Musee,  x.  33. 

By  Anton  van  D'jck,  Notre  Dame,  Cour- 
tray,  Belgium  ;  canvas.  The  Saviour  on 
the  Cross,  which  four  men  are  raising  into 
position  ;  at  left,  an  assistant,  with  a  spade 
in  his  hand,  and  two  mounted  soldiers,  one 
of  whom  is  giving  orders  ;  in  foreground, 
right,  a  basket  with  implements,  and  a 
spaniel  dog.  Painted  by  order  of  Canon 
Roger  Braye  in  1(532  ;  carried  to  Paris,  re- 
turned in  1815.  Etched  by  A.  Boulard. 
Sketch  in  Collection  of  M.  de  Reuck,  at 
Wareghem  ;  engraved  by  Bolswert,  J.  Au- 
dran. — Guiffrey,  13(5  ;  Smith,  iii.  11. 

ELIJAH,  Washington  Allalon,  Museum 
of  Fine  Arts,  Boston,  Mass. ;  canvas.  Elijah 
in  the  desert  fed  by  ravens.  Begun  in  Eng- 
land, finished  in  Boston  ;  bought  by  Hon. 
Mr.  Labouehere,  afterwards  Lord  Taunton, 
and  taken  to  England  ;  purchased  (1870) 
after  his  death  by  Mrs.  Samuel  Hooper,  of 
Boston,  and  presented  to  Museum. — Me- 
morial Hist.  Boston,  iv.  305. 

ELIZABETH,  DEATH  OF  QUEEN,  Paul 
Dclarochi-,  Louvre,  Paris  ;  canvas,  H.  13  ft. 
9  in.  x  11  ft.  2  in. ;  signed,  dated  1828.  The 
Queen,  lying  upon  cushions,  assisted  by  her 
women,  is  surrounded  by  the  grand  digni- 
taries of  her  court.  Cecil,  Secretary  of 
State,  is  kneeling  beside  her.  Salon,  1827, 
although  dated  as  above.  Formerly  in 
Luxembourg.  Engraved  by  Jazet. — An- 
nales  des  B.  Arts,  Salon  de  1827,  PI.  (ili. 

ELIZABETH  OF  HUNGARY,  ST.,  or 
EL  TIXOSO  (The  Scald-Head),  Jlnrilh, 
Academia  S.  Fernando,  Madrid  ;  canvas, 
H.  13  ft  9  in.  x  10  ft.  G  in.  The  Saint, 
dressed  as  a  nun,  with  a  small  coronet  on 
her  head,  stands  in  a  portico  washing  the 
scald-head  of  a  beggar  boy,  who  bends  over 
a  silver  basin  on  a  pedestal ;  two  ladies  and 
a  duenna  supply  lotions  ;  on  left,  a  second 
boy,  a  cripple  on  crutches,  and  an  old 
woman  seated  ;  in  foreground,  a  half-naked 


beggar  seated  ;  in  background,  the  Saint 
and  her  ladies  are  serving  poor  persons 
seated  at  a  table  in  a  gallery.  Companion 
to  San  Juan  de  Dios.  Painted  in  1674,  one 
of  eight  large  pictures,  for  Hospital  de  la 
Caridad,  Seville;  carried  to  Paris  by  Marshal 


St    Eluabeth  of  Hungary,  Munllo,  Academia  S.  Fernando,  Mad-.il 

Soult,  who  gave  it  to  Louis  XVIII.  at  the  Res- 
toration ;  placed  in  Louvre,  but  returned  to 
Spain  in  1815.  Original  study,  with  changes, 
John  L.  O'Sullivan,  New  York.  Engraved 
by  P.  Boutrois,  D.  Marline/  ;  lithographed 
by  Flor.  de  Craene,  Lafosso,  F.  Chevalier, 
Ch.  Vogt,  Defrondat,  M.  Lavigne,  Charpen- 
tier,  H.  Jannin.— Curtis,  22!)  ;  Ch.  Blanc, 
Kcole  cspagnole  ;  Yiardot,  Elust.  Hist.  Paint- 
ers (London,  1877)  ;  Becker,  Kunst  und 
Kiinstler  ;  Harpers  Mag.  (1885),  Ixxi.  038. 

ELLENRIEDER,  MARIE,  born  at  Con- 
stance, March  20,  1701,  died  there,  June  5, 
18(53.  History  and  portrait  painter,  pupil 
of  the  miniature  painter  Einsle,  then  from 
1813  of  Langer  in  the  Munich  Academy. 
Worked  in  181(5-20  in  Constance,  in  1822- 
24  iu  Rome,  where  she  became  a  follower 


ELLIGEK 


of  Overbcck.  Appointed  court-painter  at 
Baden  in  1829  and  revisited  Rome  in  1838- 
40.  Works :  St.  Cecilia  (1814)  ;  Praying 
Girl,  Madonna  (1824);  Holy  Virgin  reading, 
Madonna  in  Glory,  St.  Nicholas,  Resurrec- 
tion (1825);  St.  Anatolica  (1820);  Martyr- 
dom of  St.  Stephen  (1827),  Catholic 
Church,  Carlsruhc  ;  St.  Cecilia  (1829);  Ma- 
donna in  the  Rose-Hedge  (1834),  Carlsruhe 
Gallery;  Magnificat  (1835);  St.  Charles  of 
Borromeo  (183>S);  St.  Felicitas  with  her 
Sons,  Jesus  and  the  Children,  St.  Anthony, 
Angel  bearing  Prayers  to  Heaven 
(1840);  Simeon  in  the  Temple; 
Raising  of  Lazarus ;  Baptism  of 
Livia  ;  St.  Jerome  ;  Gratitude. — Allgeni.  d. 
Biogr.,  vi.  49  ;  Andresen,  iv.  30. 

KLLIGEll  (Elger),  OTTMAR  (Ottomar), 
the  elder,  born  at  Gothenburg,  Sept.  18,  Ki33, 
died  in  Berlin  in  1079.  Flemish  school  ; 
fruit  and  flower  painter,  pupil  in  Antwerp 
of  Daniel  Seghers,  called  to  Berlin  as  court- 
painter,  by  the  Great  Elector,  in  lf>70. 
Works:  Tulip  with  Roses  and  Berries  on 
a  Table  (1074),  Bouquet  on  a  Table  with 
Grapes  and  Apricots,  Dresden  Gallery ; 
others  in  Brunswick,  Frankfort,  and  Stock- 
holm Galleries. — Kramm,  ii.  422  ;  Michiels, 
viii.  303. 

ELLIGER,  OTTMAR,  the  younger,  born 
in  Hamburg  in  1000,  died  at  Amsterdam  in 
1732.  Dutch  school ;  history  painter,  son 
and  pupil  of  Ottmar  Elliger  the  elder  ;  then 
pupil  in  Amsterdam  of  Michiel  van  Mus- 
schert  and  of  Gerard  de  Lairesse  ;  painted, 
in  the  style  of  the  Litter,  wall  and  easel 
pictures  in  which  he  loved  to  introduce 
grand  architecture.  Works  :  Death  of  Alex- 
ander the  Great  (1710),  Marriage  of  Peleus 
and  Thetis  (1717),  for  Elector  of  Mcntz  ; 
Banquet  of  Cleopatra,  Herodias  dancing  be- 
fore Herod  and  his 
Guests,  Cassel  Gal- 
lery; Woman  with 
Goblet  and  Fruits 
(1714),  Vienna  Museum ;  Allegory,  Bor- 
deaux Museum  ;  others  in  Brunswick  Mu- 
seum.— Immerzeel,  i.  221 ;  Kramm,  ii.  422. 


ELLIOTT,  CHARLES  LORING,  born  at 
Scipio,  N.  Y.,  Dec.,  1812,  died  in  Albany, 

Aug.  25,  1868. 
Portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Trum- 


dor  in  New  York, 
where  he  spent 
the  greater  part 
of  his  profession- 
al life.  Elected 
anA.N.A.  in  1845 
and  N.  A.  in  1846. 
His  pictures  are 

to  be  found  in  the  State  Library,  Albany, 
the  Mercantile  Library,  Baltimore,  and  in 
the  New  York  City  Hall.  Among  his  por- 
traits are  those  of :  Matthew  Vassar  (Vas- 
sar  College) ;  Fletcher  Harper  ;  Fenimore 
Cooper ;  Fitz-Greene  Halleck  ;  Governors 
Hunt  and  Seymour  ;  Erastus  Corning, 
A.  B.  Durand,  N.A.,  Corcoran  Gallery, 
Washington  ;  his  own  portrait,  M.  O.  Rob- 
erts' Collection,  New  York.  Ideal  works  : 
Falstaff  (Vassar)  ;  Don  Quixote  ;  Andrew 
van  Corlaer  the  Trumpeter,  W.  T.  Wales, 
Baltimore  ;  Head  of  Skaneateles  Lake,  F. 
N.  D.  Horton  ;  Falstaff,  Leonard  Jerome, 
New  York. 

ELMORE,  ALFRED,  born  at  Clonakilty, 
Ireland,  June  18, 
1815,  died  in 
London,  Jan.  24, 
1881.  Student 
in  London  in 
183-2  of  Royal 
Academy,  where 
he  exhibited  in 
1834  his  Subject 
from  an  Old  Play. 
Made  an  extend- 
ed art  tour  to 

Paris,  Munich,  Venice,  Bologna,  Florence, 
and  Rome,  where  he  remained  two  years. 
Returned  to  England  in  1844  ;  became  an 
A.R.A.  in  1845,  and  R.A.  in  1856.  Works : 
Martyrdom  of  Thomas  a  Becket  (1840),  St. 
Andrew's  Church,  Dublin ;  The  Novice 


16 


ELSASSER 


(1843) ;  Rienzi  in  the  Forum  (1844);  Inven- 
tion of  Stocking  Loom  (1847);  Death  of  Rob- 
ert, King  of  Naples  (1848);  Griselda  (1850); 
Charles  V.  at  Yustc  (1850),  Loo  sale,  188:5, 
£1,412;  Incident  in  Life  of  Daute  (IS.-,*;; 
Tuileries  in  1792  (1800);  Mario  Antoinette 
in  the  Temple  (1801 );  Lucrezia  Borgia  (  18<!3 ) : 
Louis  XIII.  and  Louis  XIV.  (1*70);  Across 
the  Fields (1872) ;  Afterthe  Expulsion(187:i); 
Mistress  Hettie  Lambert  (1874);  Ophelia 
(1875);  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  ami  Darnlev 
(1877);  Pompeii,  Judith  and  Holofernes, 
Columbus  at  Porto  Santo,  John  Alden  and 
Priscilla  (1878);  Sabina,  Greek  Ode  (187!»); 
After  the  Ruin,  Lenore. — Art  Journal  (1857), 
113  ;  (1881),  95  ;  Sandby,  ii.  302  ;  Meyer. 
Conv.  Lex.,  xviii.  281. 

ELSASSER,  FRIEDRICH  AUGUST, 
bom  in  Berlin,  July  24,  1810,  died  in 
Rome,  Sept.  1,  1845.  Landscape  and  archi- 
tecture painter,  pupil  of  Berlin  Academy 
under  Blechen  ;  went  to  Rome  in  IS.'il,  and 
was  much  influenced  by  Fran/.  Catel ;  mem- 
ber of  Berlin  Academy  in  1841.  Works: 
Outlook  from  Volsker  Mountains  towards 
the  Sea,  From  the  Woods  of  Calabria  ;  The- 
atre of  Taormina  ;  Church  Interior  of  Pa- 
lermo ;  Convent  Yard  in  Palermo  ;  Interior 
of  St.  Peter's  in  Rome  ;  View  of  Roman  Ru- 
ins ;  Campo  Santo  in  Pisa  by  Moonlight ; 
Siren  Group  in  Tivoli ;  Cloister  in  Cefalti  ; 
View  of  Tivoli ;  Views  of  Peacock  Isle  near 
Potsdam.  His  brother  Julius  (born  in  Ber- 
lin in  1815,  died  in  Rome,  Dec.  25,  1S59), 
also  made  a  reputation  as  a  landscape  paint- 
er.— AUgem.  d.  Biogr.,  vi.  (il  ;  Brockhaus, 
vi.  81. 

ELSHOLTZ,  LUDWIG,  bom  in  Berlin, 
June  2,  1805,  died  there,  Feb.  3,  1850. 
Genre  and  battle  painter,  pupil  of  Berlin 
Academy  and  of  Friinz  Kriiger.  Works: 
Battle  of  Leipsic  (1833);  Battle  of  Denne- 
•witz  ;  Farewell  on  Battlefield  ;  Scene  from 
Battle  of  Bautzen  ;  Noon-Day  Rest  during 
Harvest ;  Entry  of  Allies  into  Paris  ;  Civic 
Guard  ;  Beginning  of  Skirmish  (1834),  Na- 
tional Gallery,  Berlin. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr., 
vi.  67  ;  Brockhaus,  vi.  82. 


ELSHEIMER  (Elzheimer),  ADAM, 
born  in  Frankfort,  baptized  March  18,  1578, 
died  in  Rome  in 
K>20.  German 
school;  landscape 
painter,  pupil  of 
Philip  Uffeubacb; 
called  Adam  of 
Frankfort  at 
Rome,  where  ho 
fixed  his  resi- 
dence at  an  early 
age.  Had  numer- 
ous pupils,  such  as  Lastman,  Jan  Pinas. 
and  Goudt,  and  founded  a  new  school 
which  treated  biblical  subjects  in  the  nat- 
ural, anti-classic  style  afterwards  developed 
by  Rembrandt,  of  whom  he  is  regarded  as 
one  of  the  precursors.  His  biblieal  and 
mythological  scenes  are  represented  in  land- 
scapes suggested  by  Italian  motives,  and 
the  figures  are  no  lay  figures,  but  human  in 
dress  and  sentiment.  Each  one  of  his  pu- 
pils lirouglit  back  to  Holland  something  of 
his  master,  whose  inlluenee  was  communi- 
cated to  Rembrandt,  through  Lastman. 
Works:  .Sacrifice  at  Lystra,  llacchus  among 
the.  Nymphs  at  Nysa,  Stiidel  Gallery,  Frank- 
fort :  Landscape  witli  Mountain  Prospect, 
Aurora,  Brunswick  Museum  ;  St.  Lawrence, 
Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  replica,  Montpellier  Mu- 
seum :  Landscape  with  St.  Jerome,  Kunst- 
halle,  Hamburg  ;  Walk  to  F.mmaus,  Aschall- 
enburg  Gallery;  Martyrdom  of  St.  Law- 
rence, Contento,  an  Allegory,  Flight  into 
Egypt,  Burning  of  Troy,  Woodland  Valley, 
St.  John  Preaching  (V),  Old  Piimkothek, 
Munich  ;  Six  Scenes  from  Life  of  Mary, 
Syrinx  and  Pan,  St.  Martin  and  the  Beggar, 
Arcadian  Wood  Landscape,  Berlin  Museum; 
Flight  into  Egypt,  Joseph  put  into  a  Pit  by 
his  Brethren,  Jupiter  and  Mercury  visiting 
Philemon  and  Baucis,  Judith  (?),  Dresden 
Gallery;  Repose  in  Egypt,  Museum,  Vienna; 
Realm  of  Venus,  Academy,  ib.  ;  Birth  of 
Christ,  Czernin  Gallery,  ib.  ;  Flight  into 
Egypt,  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  ib. ;  do.,  Ferdi- 
nandeum,  Innsbruck  ;  Peter  denying  Christ, 


17 


ELST 

Scourging  of  Christ,  Venice  Academy  ;  Ar-  ures  are  good  in  colour  and  show  thorough 
tist's  Portrait,  Shepherd  playing  the  Shalm,  knowledge  of  military  details.  Since  1861 
Ao-laia's  Daughters  led  to  Temple  by  Mer-  he  has  resided  in  Vienna.  Works :  Battle 
cury,  Hagar  consoled  by  Angel,  Uffizi,  of  Stockach,  Assault  on  Heidelberg  Bridge 
Florence  ;  Six  Landscapes  with  Story  of  (1857) ;  Skirmish  near  Aldeuhoven  (1859)  ; 
Icarus,  Naples  Museum  ;  Scoffing  of  Ceres,  Episode  in  Battle  of  Aspern  (1860)  ;  Taking 
Madrid  Museum  ;  Flight,  into  Egypt,  Good  of  Camp  near  Farmars,  Park  Scene  with 
Samaritan,  Louvre,  Paris ;  Martyrdom  of  Horses,  Attack  of  French  Cuirassiers  at 
St.  Lawrence  (copy?),  National  Gallery,  Waterloo,  Battle  of  Wiirzburg  (1867)  ;  Bat- 
London  ;  Meeting  of  Elias  and  Obadiah,  tie  of  Neerwindcn  (1872)  ;  Attack  of  Divi- 
Marqnis  of  Bute,  ib.  ;  Repose  in  Egypt,  sion  Bonnemain  at  Elsasshausen  ;  Battle  of 
Duke  of  Devonshire,  Chatsworth  ;  Eight  Dijon  ;  Meeting  of  Patrols  ;  Headquarters 
small  Landscapes  with  Saints,  Earl  of  Le-  of  XIV.  Army  Corps  in  Battle  of  Belfort ; 
,-»,  -..  confield,  Pet-  Episode  from  Battle  of  Worth ;  Victory  of 

/+-          Tj           4f*            worth;  Libera-  George    II.    at    Dettingen    (1879);  Cavalry 

'        t  ^^^  I— i  •*— J  j.  j  ()  1(    (|j   v^|  Flight  near  Langenbruck. — Kunst-Chrouik, 

\yy\f)    r—        Peter,    Lord  ii.  1(52  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xvii.  292. 

n*Si'             Elgin,   Broom  EMINENCE  GUISE.  Jean  Leon  Gerfime, 

Hall,  near  Edinburgh. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  vi.  J.  H.  Stebbins,  New  York.     His  Gray  Em  i- 

(i(i  ;    Ch.    Blanc,    tfcole    allemande  ;    Bode,  nence,  the  Father  Joseph  of  Bulwer's  "  Rich- 

Studien,   231  ;   Jahrb.    der   Kiingl.    preuss.  elieu,"  is  descending  a  broad  flight  of  stairs; 

Kunstsammlg.,  i.  51,  245.  absorbed  in  his  breviary,  he  is  apparently  as 

ELST,  PIETER  VAN.     See  JV/rW.  unconscious  of  the  servile  bows  and  genu- 

EMANCTPATIOX    PROCLAMATION,  flections  of  the  courtiers  before  him  as  of 

Francis  B.  C<irpenle,r,  staircase  of  House  of  the   defiant    and   contemptuous   glances   of 

Representatives,  Capitol,  Washington.  Presi-  those  who  have  passed  him. 

dent  Lincoln  signing   the  proclamation  of  EMMET,  ROSINA,  born  in  the  United 

emancipation  of  slaves  in  the  United  States,  States,  contemporary.     Figure  painter,  pu- 

January   1,    1863.     Painted  in   18(54  ;  pur-  pil  of  William  Chase.     Exhibits  at  the  Na- 

chased  for  $25,000  in   1877  by  Miss  Marv  tional   Academy,    New   York,    and    is   well 

Elizabeth  Thompson,  and  presented  to  the  known  as  an  illustrator  and  designer.     Stu- 

Government.  dio  at  East  Rockaway,  L.  I.  Works  :  Portrait 

EMBDE,  AUGUST  VON  DER,  born  in  of  Boy  (1881),   Alexander  Stevens;   Apple 

Cassel,  Dec.  2,   1780,  died  there,  Aug.  10,  Blossoms,  Haymaking,  Waiting  to  see  the 

18(52.     Genre  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Doctor    (1882) ;    Red    Rose    Land,    Elder 

Cassel  Academy  ;  studied  the  old  masters  at  Flowers,  La  Mescicana  (1883). 

Dresden,  Diisseldorf,  Munich,  and  Vienna,  '      EMPOLI,    JACOPO     CHIMENTI     DA, 

painted  portraits  in  Cassel  until  1830,  and  born  at  Empoli  in  1554,  died  in  Florence, 

then  began  to  treat  child  and  peasant  life  Sept.  30,    1640.     Florentine   school ;  pupil 

with  much  success.     Works  :  Hessian  Peas-  of  Tommaso  da  San  Friano,  but  formed  his 

ant  Girl  with  Letter ;  Children  playing  on  style  chiefly  by  studying  the  works  of  An- 

Ruins  of  their  Burned  Home  ;  Girls  at  the  '         f~)                              drea     del     Sarto, 

Well ;  Cinderella  ;  Children  playing  at  the  ^\                             /I    whose  pictures  he 

Brook.  f     j^f/f.f  /'"1/J  i  J  copied  very  clever- 

EMELtf,  WILHELM,  born  at  Buchen,  in  \y^f/^/L/U  ^C   ly.      He  "painted 

the  Odenwald,  in  1830.     Battle  painter,  pu-  /                        many     pictures, 

pil   in   Munich   of  Feodor   Dietz,   studied  the  best  of  which  is  Christ  in  the  Garden  of 
afterwards  in  Antwerp  and  Paris.    His  pict-. Olives,  Madrid  Museum.     Other  works  are  : 


18 


EXDEIl 


Madonna  anil  Saints  (1579),  Louvre  ;  Crea- 
tion of  Adam,  St.  Yves  (1(!1(J),  Drunkenness 
of  Noah,  Sacrifice  of  Abraham,  Um'zi,  Flor- 
ence ;  Susanna  at  the  Bath  (1(500),  Vienna 
Museum. — Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  florentinc  ;  Va- 
sari,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  vii.  1(53  ;  viii.  2(51. 

ENDER,  EDUARD,  born  in  Vienna  in 
1824.  History  and  genre  painter,  son  and 
pupil  of  Johann  E.,  and  student  in  the  Vi- 
enna Academy.  Works  :  Wallenstein  and 
Seni  (1844)  ;  Corbeille  do  Mariano  (185<)|  ; 
Tasso  at  Court  of  Ferrara  (1852)  ;  Francis 
L  in  Cellini's  Studio  (1854)  ;  Emperor  Ru- 
dolph  II.  and  Tycho  de  Brahc  (1855); 
Philip  IV.  Painting  Order  on  Portrait  of 
Velasquez  (185C)  ;  Shakespeare  reading 
Macbeth  at  Court  of  Elizabeth  ;  Emperor 
Joseph  II.  meeting  Mozart ;  Schiller  at 
Court  of  Weimar  ;  Rembrandt  in  his  Studio  ; 
Elizabeth  and  Van  Dyck  ;  Rudolf  IV.  on 
Site  of  St.  Stephen's  in  Vienna  ;  1 'outing 
Corner  ;  Secret  Communication  ;  Drinking 
and  Brawl ;  Game  of  Chess  (18.">7)  ;  Puri- 
tans on  Guard  ;  Humboldt  and  Bonpland  on 
the  Orinoco  ;  Marie  Antoinette's  Farewell 
of  Maria  Theresa. — Brockhaus,  vi.  124  ; 
Land  und  Meer  (1872 1,  Xos.  4,  21  ;  Wurz- 
bach,  iv.  38. 

ENDER,  JOHANN,  born  in  Vienna,  Nov. 
3,  171)3,  died  there,  March  1(5,  1854.  His- 
tory and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Maurer, 
Caucig,  Fiiger,  and  Lampi  in  the  Vienna 
Academy,  where  he  obtained  four  prizes 
and  the  great  gold  medal.  Visited  Italy. 
Malta,  Corfu,  Greece,  and  Constantinople  in 
1818-19.  Studied  and  copied  the  old  mas- 
ters at  Rome  in  1820-2(5,  then  went  to 
Paris  and  Vienna,  where  he  painted  chiefly 
portraits  in  the  style  of  Isabey.  In  1829-50 
was  pi'ofessor  at  the  Academy.  Works : 
Marcus  Aurclius  on  his  Deathbed  (1814), 
National  Gallery,  Pesth  ;  Orestes  pursued 
by  the  Furies  (1815)  ;  Minerva  showing 
Ithaca  to  Ulysses  (181(3)  ;  Assumption, 
Sleeping  at  Christ's  Sepulchre  (1817)  ; 
Judith  ;  Bacchus  finding  Ariadne  ;  Portraits 
of  Duchess  of  Coburg,  of  Princesses  Eszter- 
hazy,  Hohenzolleru,  Auersperg,  Liechten- 


stein, and  Taxis,  and  of  Emperor  Francis  ; 
Madonna  in  Landscape,  Vienna  Museum  ; 
Crucifixion  (fresco,  1850-52),  Liechtenstein 
Chapel,  St.  Stephen's,  Vienna. — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  vi.  105  ;  Brockhaus,  vi.  124  ;  Wurz- 
bach,  iv.  38. 

ENDER,  THOMAS,  born  in  Vienna,  Nov. 
4,  17!):!,  died  there,  Sept.  28,  1875.  Land- 
scape painter,  twin  brother  of  Johann,  pu- 
pil of  the  Vienna  Academy  under  Mossmer 
and  Steinfeld.  Won  the  grand  prize  in 
181(5.  Went  in  1817  to  the  Brazils,  and  in 
1819  accompanied  Prince  Metternich  to 
Italy,  where  he  remained  four  years  ;  in 
182(5  he  visited  Paris,  in  1S3(5  became  cor- 
rector, and  later  was  professor  at  the  Vienna 
Academy  until  1849.  Works:  View  of  Gross- 
glockner,  High  Go'll  with  Merchtcsgadcn  Val- 
ley, Castle  Tyrol,  Nons  Valley  with  Castle 
Cles,  Coast  of  Sorrento,  all  in  Vienna  Mu- 
seum ;  View  of  Rio  Janeiro,  Vienna  Acad- 
emy ;  Chapel  in  the  Woods,  National  Gal- 
lery, Berlin  ;  Ruin  of  the  Habsburg,  Prospect 
from  the  Habsburg  (18(5(5).  —  Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  vi.  !(•(!  ;  Brockhaus,  vi.  124  ;  Kunsf- 
Chronik,  i.  53  ;  xi.  3(14  ;  Wtirzbacli,  iv.  41. 

ENDYMION,  SLEEP  OF,  (iinxH  do 
Roussy,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  (i  ft.  (i  in.  •  8 
ft.  (5  in.  Endymion,  nude,  lies  asleep,  on 
his  mantle  and  a  tiger-skin,  under  a  tree  ; 
beside  him  are  his  bow  and  his  spear,  and 
at  his  feet,  left,  his  dog  lies  sleeping  ;  in 
background,  Cupid,  in  the  form  of  /ephyr, 
draws  aside  the  branches  that  the  moon- 
beams may  fall  upon  him.  Painted  in 
Rome  in  1792  ;  acquired,  in  1818,  with  the 
Ddniji-  and  the  Burial  of  Alula,  for  50,000 
francs.  Engraved  by  Chatillon  (1810). — Re- 
veil,  ii.  137. 

By  (iinTcino,  Uffizi,  Florence  ;  canvas,  H. 
2  ft.  9  in.  x!J  ft.  2  in.  Endymion,  nude, 
seated,  leaning  his  head  upon  his  arm  ; 
background,  a  night  landscape,  with  the 
crescent  moon.  Acquired  by  gallery  in 
1795.  Engraved  by  J.  B.  Massard  pere.— 
Molini,  Gal.  di  Firenze,  i.  19  ;  Soc.  Ed.  and 
Paris,  Gal.  di  Fireuze,  PI.  133  ;  Wicar,  i. 
Part  7. 


ENFANT 


ENFANT  A  L'EPEE,  Edouard  Manet, 
Erwin  Davis,  New  York  ;  Canvas,  H.  4  ft. 
3  in.  X  3  ft.  ;  dated  1801.  A  child  walking 
to  left,  dragging  a  largo  sword  after  him. 
Hotel  Drouot  Sale  (Paris,  1881). 

ENGELBRECHTSEN.  CORNELLS,  born 
in  Leyden  in  1408,  died  there  in  1533. 
Dutch  school ;  son  of  the  wood-engraver 
Engelbert,  and  himself  the  earliest  known 
painter  at  Leyden.  Two  altarpieces  in  the 
Town  Hall  there  are  attributed  to  him  by 
Van  Marnier.  The  stitF  and  formal  fig- 
ures, painted  dryly  in  a  prevailing  brown 
tone,  arc  treated  without  any  attempt  at 
aerial  perspective.  Many  of  Engelbrecht- 
scn's  works  were  destroyed  by  the  Icon- 
oclasts during  the  Reformation.  Authentic 
Works :  Altarpiece  with  Crucifixion,  do. 
with  1'ieta,  Town  Hall,  Leyden.  Doubtful 
works  :  St.  Leonard,  Antwerp  Museum  ; 
Crucifixion,  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  De- 
position, Morit/  Chapel, 
J  „  )y7  Nuremberg;  Madonna 
^T"*  »'  and  Child,  National  Gal- 
lery, London  ;  2  pictures, 
Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg ;  Crucifixion,  Venice 
Academy.  —  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  vi.  130  ; 
Dobme,  11;  Michiels,  iv.  339;  W.  .V  W., 
ii.  530. 

ENGELHARDT,  GEORG,  born  at  Miilil- 
liausen,  Thuringia,  in  1823.  Landscape  paint- 
er, pupil  in  Berlin  of  Eduard  Uiermann  ; 
travelled  repeatedly  in  the  Alpine  countries, 
whence  he  draws  most  of  his  subjects. 
Works  :  Meiring  Valley,  Mew  in  Otz  Val- 
ley, Tyrol  ;  View  in  South  Tyrol ;  Forest 
with  tall  Trees  (1807);  Charcoal-Burner  on 
the  Brocken  ;  The  Jungfrau  ;  Autumn  Land- 
scape (1872);  Mills  in  Otz  Valley.—  Mailer, 
1GO. 

ENGERTH,  EDUARD  VON,  Hitter,  born 
at  Pless,  Silesia,  May  13,  1818.  History 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna  Acad- 
emy, where  in  1845  he  obtained  the  gold 
medal  ;  went  in  1847  to  Rome,  and  then 
travelled  until  1853  in  Italy,  France,  Eng- 
land, and  the  East.  After  his  return  in  1854 


•AT 

v  A  m 


j  he  became  director  of  the  Prague  Academy, 
and  there  painted  chiefly  portraits,  and  in 
1805  professor  at 
the  Vienna  Acad- 
emy ;  was  made  di- 
rector of  the  Belve- 
dere Gallery  in  1871, 
and  rector  of  the 
Academy  in  1874. 
Commander  Order 
v  of  Francis  Joseph 
in  1807.  Works: 
Hainan  and  Esther, 
L  a  d  i  s  1  a  u  s  and 
Akus  (1844);  Coronation  of  Rudolf  I.;  Jo- 
seph explaining  the  Dream  (1845);  Seizure 
of  King  Manfred's  Family  (1853),  Vienna 
Museum  ;  Victory  of  Prince  Eugene  at 
Zeiita  (1805);  Marriage  of  Figaro,  Fable  of 
Orpheus  (1808);  Coronation  of  Francis  Jo- 
seph as  King  of  Hungary  (1870);  Death  of 
Eurydice  (1877);  Group  of  Prague  Ladies  ; 
Portraits  of  Emperor  and  Empress  of  Aus- 
tria.— Brockhaus,  vi.  141  ;  Kuust-Clironik, 
i.  84 ;  iv.  174  ;  v.  172  ;  Wurzbach,  iv.  49  ; 
xiv.  440  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K,  iii.  5. 

ENHUBER,  KARL  VON,  born  at  Hof, 
Bavaria,  Dec.  10, 1811, 
died  in  Munich,  July 
(!,  1807.  Genre  and 
animal  priinter,  pupil 
of  Munich  Academy 
in  1832.  His  pictures 
of  Suabian  life  are 
characteristic,  hu- 
mourous, and  both 
well  drawn  a  n  d  col- 
oured. Honorary 

member  of  Munich  Academy  in  1858.  Order 
I  of  St.  Michael.  Works  :  Poachers  sought 
by  Forester  (1835);  Tyrolese  in  Mountain 
Pass,  Dying  Constable  (1830);  Shoemaker 
studying,  Watercure  (1837);  Image  Carver 
'(1839);  Smoking  Boy  (1841);  Peering  into 
Cooking  Pot  (1843);  Shoemaker's  Appren- 
tice, Civic  Guardsman  (1844),  National  Gal- 
lery, Berlin  ;  Village  Painter's  Apprentice 
(1852);  Interrupted  Game  of  Cards  (1858); 


•iv 


ENNEKING 


-t,  T"1 

!__, 
f-1^ 


Stage  Coach  at  the  Inn  (1850);  Court-Day 
in  Bavaria  (18(JO),  Darmstadt  Gallery  ;  Rainy 
Day  in  the  Mountains  (1801);  Grandfather's 
Delight,  Wood-Carver  in  his  Shop,  New 
Pinakothek,  Munich;  Tliir- 
teen  Illustrations  to  Melchior 
Meyr's  Novels.  —  Allgein.  d. 
Biogr.,  vi.  145  ;  Brockhaus, 
vi.  184;  Regnet,  i.  118; 
Zeitschr.  f.  1).  K.,  i.  253  ;  iii.  53. 

ENNEKING,  JOHN  J.,  born  at  Minster, 
O.,  1841.  Figure  and  landscape  painter  ; 
studied  art  in  Cincinnati  and  Boston,  where 
he  lives,  and  was  a  pupil  in  Paris  of  Bonnat 
and  of  Daubigny.  He  travelled  in  Europe 
in  1872.  Works:  Moonlight  on  the  Giu- 
deeca  —  Venice  (1876);  Freshly  Picked,  Drove 
of  Cattle  on  a  November  Day  (1S78);  The 
Obersee  ;  Farm-Yard  Scene  in  France  ;  No- 


•      /^&&       ':      •        •    ' 

/  ..    r^&^-  ,  \t^J  .  .    • 


,  Vatican,  Rome;  canvas,  H.  !)  ft.  11 
in.  x  (5  ft.  7  in.  The  body  of  Christ  is  borne 
by  Nieodenms  and  St.  John,  behind  whom 
are  the  Virgin,  the  Magdalen,  and  Salome. 
Renowned  picture  of  the  master.  Formerly 
in  S.  M.  Nuova,  Rome.  Copy  in  mosaic  in 
chapel  of  Holy  Sacrament,  St.  Peter's.  Copy 
by  Rubens  in  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  Vienna. 
Engraved  bv  Snyderhoef ;  Soutman  ;  T.  Pi- 
roli ;  P.  Audouin  ;  E.  Bovinct  ;  P.  Fontana  ; 
G.  CraiTonara ;  G.  Bonajuti ;  J.  J.  Freid- 
hoff,  and  others.  Meyer,  Kunst.  Lex.,  i. 
(>20  ;  Museo  francais. 

By  Annibalo  C irrw-i,  Louvre  ;  copper. 
H.  1  ft.  5  in.  •  1  ft.  The  body  of  Christ, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  sepulchre,  is  sustained 
by  the  Virgin  and  Mary  Magdalen  ;  behind, 
Joseph  of  Arimathea  and  Mary  Salome  ; 
further  back,  to  right,  St.  John.  Collection 
of  Louis  XIV.  Engraved  by  J.  Gaudefroy. 
— Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Filh.'.l,  v.  PI.  337.  ' 

By  Garufalft,  Palazzo Borghese,  Rome; can- 
vas. A  masterpiece  ;  most  celebrated  of  his 


Entombment,   Michelangelo  da  Caravaggio,   Vatican,   Rome. 


Entombment,  Raphael,  Palazzo  Borghese,  Rome. 

largo  compositions.  Painted  in  1520  for 
S.  Francesco  d'Argenta.  Another,  of  simi- 
lar arrangement,  but  with  more  repose  and 


vember  Twilight  (1881);  Cloudy  Day,  T.  B.    intensity,  in  Naples  Museum. — Kugler  (East- 
Clarke,  New  York  ;  November  (1884).— Ben-  lake),  ii.  487;  Museo  Borbonico,  ix.  PI.  31. 
jamin,  196.  By    liaphael,    Palazzo    Borghese,    Rome  ; 

ENTOMBMENT,  Michelangelo  da   Cum-   wood,  about  G  ft.  sq.  ;  signed,  dated   1507. 


KNTOMHMKNT 


Christ  borne  lo  the  tomb  liy  two  young  men; 
near  I  he  body,  behind,  John,  Joseph  of  Ari- 
nialhea,  and  Mary  Magdalen  ;  at,  right,  the 
Virgin  mvooning,  supported  by  three  women; 
background,  rocky  landsca|ie  with  Calvary 
iu  distance.  I'ainled  in  I'ernjMii  by  order  of 
Alalanla  Ilicdimii,  for  her  chapel  in  S.  Fran 
cesco,  where  il,  remained  until  IliOM,  when 
II,  \ya;l  removed  lo  the  I'ala/./.o  llorghcHc, 
u  copy  made  by  the  ( '.ivahrre  di  Al'pilio 
lieing  pill  lulu  ilrt  place.  Carried  in  I7'.I7 
|i>  I'urin  ;  reliirned  In  Valic.-in  in  I M I  •'  ',  "I 
ler\\ard  removed  l,o  |'iilu/./.o  llorghese,  Dis 


li.'Miri'd  liy  Hpliln  mid  p:iti-lnvi.      ('uiiii-i  liy  I'1. 
rrnni  (  IMS),  Turin  <  i:illrr\   ;   liy  <  >ru/io  Al 
f:mi,    rrru.'Mii   ( inline  ;  li\    S:IH  .ofrrrnto,   S. 
1'ii'lro,  I'l'rii;1!!!  ;  mid  ollnTs.      Tlin-r   round 
lllonoi'liniliii'H,     I'nili      I|I>|M',    mid    ('li:iril\, 

•  •in  i  iln-  pri'di'llii of  Ilic  Mnloniliniciit,  urn  in 
tlm  N'lilii'iin.  Tlir  Imirllc  ri'iirrsriilinj;  <  lod 
Hie  l''iitlier  MIII  rounded  liv  leu  eliernlis' 
lieiiiln  ui  in  (lie  lYru;'i:i  (  iullerv  ;  dehi;Mieil, 
bill  not  painted,  bv  li:iplinel.  St  udii'N  for  Kn 
toinlinieiil  in  lioinre,  llli/i,  l'iil:i//o  Hoc- 
i;liese,  etc-.  l'',ii;;ra\cd  by  Sriilberjj,  Collin, 
1'iroli,  \olpato,  \ni  ,1,  i  Sc'heieh,  mid  MIIH 
quelier.  I'redellu,  en;;nived  bv  Desno\crs 
(1NII),  Liindon,  Koch.  ( '.  \('.,  Itiiphael, 
i.  :II5  ;  PiiHsiivmil,  i  1(5,  ii.  57  ;  liuinohr, 
Iliilienisclui  Foi'si'.hungini,  ii.  (ill;  V-iHiiri, 


e.l.  Mil.,  iv.  :t'27  ;  Kiigli-r  (Eiutlttke),  ii.  422; 
Miinl/,,  2:t:i,  '217  ;  I'erkiiiK,  Knmiy,  75. 

lly  II  IliiHxn,  Ijouvre  ;  oiinvilH,  H.  4  ft.  1 
in.  x5  ft.  .'t  in.  Tho  body  of  Christ,  on  il 
cushion  at,  the  entrance  of  the  tomb,  is  sus- 
taini'd  by  Nicodemus  ;  lit  left,  the  Mngdalen 
holds  his  feet;  Hie  Virgin,  on  her  kneew,  with 
arms  extended,  swoons  in  tlm  arms  of  olio 
of  the  holy  women.  Probably  the  pi. -line 
which,  according  lo  Vasari,  was  painted  for 
Sc'imr  di  I'h  mil  HUD,  or  that,  CXOCUtfid  for 
the  ( 'onslabh1.  Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  v.  15M,  171; 
Villol,  Cat.  Louvre;  Land<in,  xii.  I'l  lil. 

Ily  Tiiilofi-lln,  I'H  rni  u 
(iallery.  Christ,  bornn  to 
I  he  |i  in:  i  i  in  a  desert  place, 
with  u  melancholy  sky, 
against  which  Hie  thren 
crosses  are  seen  ill  the  dis- 
tance, together  with  the 
ruins  of  I  ho  cut  lie  shed  of 
the  nativity.  In  this  pict- 
ure sublimity  of  concep- 
tion mid  grandeur  of  col- 
our are  KCCII  in  Hie  highest 
perfection.  Ituskin,  Mod. 
Painters,  ii.  I  CM  ;  iii.  :t2-l. 
Ily  Tin/nri'tln,  S.  Fran- 
cesco della  Yigim,  Venice; 
canvas,  arched  at  the  top. 
In  foreground,  the  Virgin 
HWooning.  attended  by  l\\o  women  ;  in  mid- 
dleground,  Christ  borne  to  the  tomb  liy  I  lie 
disciples,  above  them  an  angel  with  u  wreath  ; 
in  background,  to  right,  tlm  three 
on  a  hill,  \\iih  lionmn  soldiers.  I'.i 
by  L.  Kilian.  Ch.  Illiinc,  ficolo  vunitienne. 
Ily  'I'lliiin,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  Jl.  \  ft.  1(1 
in.  C  ft.  H  in.  Tlm  body  <if  Christ,  HIIH- 
I"  n. led  in  a  cloth,  borne,  by  Nicodemus  mid 
Joseph  of  Arimathea,  tho  latter  with  0110 
knee  on  a  stone  ;  St.  John  Evangelist,  be- 
hind, holds  up  one  arm  ;  thi>  Virgin  and 
Magdiilen  at  left.  Painted  in  Mmitim  in 
15'2:l  for  Duke  I'Vderigo  (lon/.iigil ;  in  inven- 
tory of  tho  Mantmin  Palace  in  1C27  ;  piiHHed 
thence  in  collection  of  Churlos  I.,  lifter 
whose  death  il,  \vas  Hold  furXl'20  to  Jiibuch, 


F.I'A.MIXO.NDAS 


who  disposed  of  it  to  Louis  XIV.     One  of  pupil  of  D.'ifweldorf  Academy.     His  picture-* 

the  great  pictures  of  the   world,   in   which  show  inventive   jx»wer,  humour,  and  toclini- 

tbe  grandest  drawing,  composition,  and  ex-  cal   skill.     Works:   Sitistied  Artist;  Shot  - 

pression  are  combined  with  the  most  effer-  maker    teaching  a  Bird  to  whistle  ;   Three 

tive  chiaroscuro,  the  most  splendid   colour,  Drunken  Men  returning  from  Fair  ;   Village 

and    the   deejjest    sentiment.     An    inferior  Painter    admiring    his    Work  ;     Di-.m  ived 

copy,  probably  by  a  disciple  of  Titian's,  was  Lover  of  Flowers  ;   Morning  after  Masijuer- 

sold  lately  from  the  Palazzo  Manfrini,  Venice,  adc  Ball  |I8.~»1).    -Mnller,  101. 
Original  study  in  the  Venice  Academy.      Kn-       KUDMANN,  MOI'ilT/,  bom  at  Arneburg 

graved    by  (i.   Itousselet  ;  Chaperon;   Mai-  near    Slendal,   April     l'i,    IKI.">.      Landscape 

son;  Joli.  de  Marc. — C.  A  C.,  Titian,  i.  28:!;  painter,    pupil    of    Br-rlin    Academy   and    of 

Vasari,  cd.  Mil.,  vii.   r>8  ;   Filhol,  i\.  PI.  fJI'.i  ;  Hermann    Kvhke  ;  travelled    throu/h    G.  r 

Mundler,   208  ;   K-indon,  Mus'c,  vii.   PI.  ~>7  ;  manv,  Holland,   Sw(-den,  and,  for  one  year, 

Van  der  Doort's  Cat. ;  Scharfu  Old  London,  vi.-jted  Italv.     Works:  Heath  on  the  Ke/eu- 

'.V.W.  iteiu  in  Hart/  Mountains;  Morsum  ClifTs  on 

By  Ttlum,  Madrid  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.   I  I^le  of  Sylt  ;   Moonlight    in  Oallmars  Fjord  ; 

ft.  G  ill.  X  5  ft,  !)  ill.  ;  signed.      Theme  some-  Green  ( irotto  in  ( '  ipri  ;    Villa  of   Hadrian  at, 

what   different,    from    the    I/mvre    example.  Tivoli  ;   Arpia  ( ,'laudia  of  Carnpo  Santo,  N.i- 

and  less  rich   in  tints  and   less  engaging  in  pies;   Roman  C  impagna.      Muller,   101. 
form.      Painted   in    1",!)   for   Philip   II.  and        KKDMANN,    OTTO,    born   in    L  ip-i.-   in 

sent  to  Madrid,  with  the  Diana  and  Act.-eon  18:;(.      (Jenre    painter, 

and  the  Diana  and  Callisto,  to  take  the  place  pupil   of   L<  ip-ii'-  Acad- 

of  one  despatched  in  1~>">7,  but  lost,  on  the  emy,  studied   in   DP 

way.      Placed    in    Ii')Val  Chapel  at  Aranjue/,  den    and    Munich,    and 

and    after    Phili]>'s    death    in    the   Kscorial.  in  18."iH  set  tier  I  n,  I)us- 

Originol  sketch  at  Oxford  University.  Copies,  seldorf.     Works:   Tal- 

with   variations,  of    picture  in   Madrid   Mu-  ented    Children  ;    Suc- 

Heum,   the    Escorinl,   Ambrosiana   in   Milan,  cessful  Wooing ;   Ulind 

Torrigiani  Collection,  Horence,  and  Vienna  Man's     IJuff    (IMO:'.', 

Miiwum.      (,'.  .^  C.,  Titian,  ii.  28!).  I>-ip-,ic  .Museum  ;    K. 

EPAMINONDAS,  ancient,  pictures.      See  |>ectation  ;  IJeceptionof 

AriflnlaiiK,  KitjiltriitiHi:  Bridegroom;  Visit, 

EPHOHl'S,   ]>ainter,   of   Kjihesus,   alx>ut  from  the  Country  ;  Secret  Message ;  He  loves 

•'{45  l!.c.      F'imt   m;tster  of  A]x-lles.      Suid.  v.  me,  he  loves  me  not  ;  Accepted  Suitor  ;   Ke- 

EPIPHANY.     See  Mm/I,  Adoration  of.  je.-ted  Suitor;  Couple  in  the  Woods;   Fort 

EPP,  IM'DOLF,  Ixirn  at  Kbcrbach,  I'aden,  une-Tr-ller  ;  Interrupted  Piano  I/  sv.n  ;  Con- 
Jury,  18IJI.  Genre  and  jxtrtrait  ]>ainter,  vernations;  Flattering  Ilenommendation ; 
pupil  of  Carlsmhe  Art  School  undi-r  Dev  Journey  to  the  Fiancee;  lietrothal  King 
coudres.  Since  1805  settled  at  Munich.  (IH80);  Chamlx-rmaid  in  Uococo-timc, 
Works:  Hide  and  S<-ek  (1801);  Mother  and  Found  for  Life  (188 1).  Paints  also  excellent 
sleeping  Child  ;  Christmas  Eve  ;  I  {lack  For-  |x»rt  raits.  Miiller,  101  ;  Illustr.  /•!(•/. 
est  Idyl  ;  Hop  Harvest ;  Mother  and  Child  ;  (I88»i,  i.  2Ht. 

Juggler  performing Ix-forc  Peasants  ;  Unwel-        KPJIAKDT,  GEOUG  FKIKDICICH,  born 

CfJine  Guest ;  Cat's  Breakfast.  —Mnller,  101.  at  Winterboch,  Wurtemlx-rg,  in    IH2"),  died 

EHCOLE  DA  FEHHAHA  or  FEIIHAIC-  in    Stuttgart,    S.-pt.    20,     1881.       Portrait 

ESE.     S«:e  f/rantli.  painter,    studied     first    in    IV-rlin,    then    in 

EKDMAXN,  LUDWIG,  Ix.m  atB.»lecke,  Stuttgart  under  Gegenbauer,  whom  he  as- 
near  Paderborn,  iu  1820.  Genre  paiuUir,  sisU;d  in  UM  palace  frescos ;  frequented  the 


EPJGOXUS 

Munich  Academy  in  1848-49,  and  then  set-  tenstein  Gallery,  ib. ;  3  pictures  in  Madrid 
tied  in  Stuttgart,  whore  he  received  the  Museum ;  others  in  Turin,  Nancy,  Lille, 
great  gold  medal,  and  in  1876  became  .  Ghent,  Frank- 

court-painter.  Works :  Portraits  of  King  I  \  /  IT"*  ^*  *ort)  an<*  Stock- 
Charles  of  Wiirtemberg,  Queen  Pauline,  J  ^^  •  f*  j  ^  •  llolm  Museums. 
King  William,  Quoeu  Olga,  King  Frederic  —  Allgem.  d. 

as  Prussian  Colonel ;  numerous  portraits  Biogr.,  vi.  330  ;  Biog.  nat.  de  Belgique,  vi. 
and  family  groups  of  Stuttgart  aristocracy.  695  ;  Kramm,  ii.  442  ;  Mlchiels,  x.  420  ;  Van 
— Kunst-Chronik,  xvii.  42.  den  Branden,  1108. 

ERIGONUS,  of  Sicyon,  about  230  B.C.,  ESBRATT,  NOEL  RAYMOND,  born  in 
colour-grinder  to  AVa/cvs,  and  afterwards  his  Paris  in  1809,  died  there  in  1850.  Laud- 
pupil.  Erigonus  was  the  master  of  J'a*ui.->.  scape  painter,  pupil  of  Wattelet  and  Lethiere. 
—Pliny,  xxxv.  40  [145].  Medals :  3d  class,  1844;  2d  class,  1847. 

ERILLUS,  Herillus,  or  Phrylus,  painter,  Works  :  Lake  of  Brienz  (1844);  Banks  of 
about  420  B.C.  Mentioned  by  Pliny  (xxxv.  the  Seine  near  Caudebec  (1847),  Ministry 
GO)  as  an  artist  of  note.  of  the  Interior  ;  Fountain  near  Bourbonne 

KRMELS,  JOHANN  FRAN/,  born  near  (1842);  View  iu  the  Park  of  Eu  (1845);  Val- 
Cologne  iu  1021  or  1(541,  died  in  Nurem-  ley  of  the  Nievre  (1848);  A  Watering  Place 
berg,  Dec.  3,  10!)!).  German  school;  his-  for  Horses  (1852);  Visit  of  Napoleon  III.  to 
torv  and  landscape  painter,  pupil  in  Co-  Sologne  (1853),  ordered  by  State  ;  Pasture, 
logne  of  Johann  Hulsman.  At  Utrecht  he  Mouth  of  the  Somme. — Larousse. 
studied  the  landscapes  of  Jan  Both,  and  at ,  ESCALANTE,  JUAN  ANTONIO,  born 
Nuremberg  associated  himself  with  Willem  at  Cordova  in  1030,  died  in  Madrid  in  1070. 
van  Bemmel  iu  1000,  and  painted  the  tig-  Spanish  school ;  pupil  of  Francisco  Rizi,  but 
ures  in  his  landscapes.  Works  :  Christ  and  imitated  Tintoretto.  Painted  historical  and 
Samaritan  Woman  ;  Resurrection,  Ascen- :  religious  compositions.  Works  :  Holy  Fam- 
sion  (1063),  St.  Sebaldus,  Nuremberg  ;  Land-  ily.  Child  Jesus  and  St.  John,  Abigail,  Tri- 
scape  with  approaching  Storm.  Landscape  umph  of  Faith  over  the  Senses,  Madrid  Mu- 
in  Evening  Light,  both  in  Stildel  Institute,  seum  ;  St.  Joseph 
Frankfort;  Landscape  with  Animals,  Mann-  and  Infant.  Christ,  I. 
heim  Gallery  ;  Landscape  with  ruined  Mon-  j  Hermitage,  St.  Po-  [* 
uinent,  Vienna  Museum  ;  Waterfall,  Cologne  tersburg; Fortune-  I 
Museum  ;  Rocky  Landscape,  Kunsthalle,  '  Teller,  Hague  Mu- 

Hamburg  ;  Landscape  in  Storm,  Oldenburg  scum. — Stirling,    iii.    1026  ;    Viardot,    289  ; 
Gallery. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  vi.  231  ;  Merlo,  (  Madrazo,  395. 
Nachrichten,  110.  ESCALIER,  NICOLAS  (FELIX),  born  in 

ES  (Essen),  JACOB  VAN,  born  in  Ant- '  Paris ;  contemporary.  Architecture,  figure, 
werp,  Oct.  15,  1606,  died  there,  buried  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Andre  and  De- 
March  11,  1660.  Flemish  school ;  painter  launay.  Medal,  2d  class,  1884.  Works  : 
of  animal  and  still  life,  especially  fish  and  ,  Interior  of  St.  Mark's,  Venice,  do.  of  San 
other  marine  animals;  pupil  of  Omer  van  Miniato,  Florence  (1873);  The  first  Model 
Ommcn  ;  admitted  to  guild  of  St.  Luke  in  j  (1875);  Doge  Dandolo  the  Elder  (1870); 
1640.  Works:  Fruitpiece,  Lille  Museum;  Decorative  Panel  (1878);  A  Surprise  for  the 
Crabs  and  Fruit,  Oysters  and  Fish,  Nancy '  Inhabitants  of  the  Rialto,  Venice  (1881);  A 
Museum  ;  Fruit  with  Dead  Game  and  Ves-  happy  Occurrence  (1884);  Andante  (1885). 
sels,  Antwerp  Museum  ;  Fish  Market  (2),  Frescos  in  Palazzo  Lubia,  Venice  (1873). 
with  figures  by  Jordaens,  Museum,  Vienna  ;  ESCALLIER,  Mine.  ELEONORE,  born 
Breakfast  Table,  Fruitpiece  (1640),  Liech-  at  Poligny  (Jura);  contemporary.  Still-life 

24 


ESCI1 

painter,    pupil   of   Ziegler.      Medal,    18G8.  ESCOSURA.     See  Isnn  y  Escosura. 

Works:    The   Pond,    The    Garden    (18(51);  ESCRIBANO,  EL.     Sec  1'rimo,  El. 

Young  Girl  with  Fish  (18(55);  Garden  Cor-  EHKILSSOX,  PETER,  born  at  Billeber- 

ner  (1867);  Flowers  and  Birds  (1868);  Chrys-  gn,  Schoncn,  in   1820,  died  at  Bremo,  near 

antheinums  (18(59),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Sigtuna,    Jan.    29,    1872.      Genre   painter  ; 

Autumn   Flowers   (1870);    Spring   Flowers  sub-officer  in   a  Gotha   artillery  regiment, 

(1872);  Peaches   and  Grapes  (1872),  Dijon  ami   bookseller   at  Gothenburg,  before   he 

Museum;  Decorative  Panels  for  the  Palais  became    the  pupil  of   Tidemand  (185:!)   in 

tie   la   Legion    d'houneur   (187"i).— Bellior-  Diisseldorf.     In    185!)  he  settled  in  Stoek- 

Auvray,  i.  520.  holm,  and  became  member  of  the  Academy 

ESCH,    MATHILDE,    born    at   Klattau,  in  18(5(5.     Works :  Mollberg's  Bowling  Party 

Bohemia,  Jan.  18,  1828.     Genre,  landscape,  at  Faggons  (18(5S),  Stockholm  Museum. 

and    still-life    painter,    pupil    in    Vienna   of  ES()P,    I'l'/n.-n/m':,  Madrid  Museum;  can- 

WaldmUller,  and  in  Munich  of  MoritzMiillcr;  vas,  H.  5  ft.  10  in.  y'.\  ft.     An  ohl  man,  full 

studied  also  in  Diisseldorf  and  Paris,  and  set-  length,  standing,  with  a  parchment  folio  in 

tied  in  Vienna  in  1855.  Works :  Farm  House  his    right    hand,    his   left    thrust    into    the 

in  Moravia,  Market  Scene  in  Moravia,  Mu-  bosom  of  his  grey  dress.      Probably  painted, 

nich  Girls  in  the  Cemetery,  Girl  with  Dog  with    its    companion     .J/r/uyyo/s,    for     royal 

(1856);  Unexpected  Return  (1857);  Gate  and  palace,  by  command  of  Philip  IV.     Copy 

Sarkander  Pulpit  in  Briinn  Cathedral  ;  The  by  Pn'vost  in  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts,  Paris. 

Five  Senses;  Tancred   baptixing  Clorinda  ;  Engraved  by  Esijuivel  ;  etched  by  Goya,  C. 

Farewell  of  the  Bride. — Wur/.bach,  iv.  78.  Alabern  ;  Galvan.  and  others.  —  Ford.  Hand- 

ESCHKE,      (WILHKLM      BENJAMIN)  book,    ii.    (i«0  ;  L'Art    (1878)  ;  Curtis,    IS; 

HERMANN,  born  in  Berlin,  May  (i,  1823.  Madra/o,  (5:53. 

Landscape  and  marine  painter,  pupil  of  \Vil-  KSl'ALTEH   Y   RL'LL,  JOA^l'IN,  born 

helm  Krause,  then  in  Paris  of  Le  Poittevin  ;  in  Barcelona  ;  contemporary.   History  paint- 

t ravelled  through  Europe  before  completing  or,  pupil    of    Barcelona    Art    School,  then 

his  studies  in   1850,  and  then  revisited  the  studied  in  Home  and  in  Germany.     Works: 

coast  of  the  Mediterranean   and   the  Pyre-  Tobias  ;  Death    of    Moses  ;  Dante's    Purga- 

nees.     Gold  medal    in  187'.).     Professor  at  torv  ;  Discovery   of    America  ;  The    Moor's 

the  Berlin  Academy   since   18H1.     Works:  Sigh;  Melancholia;  Portrait  of  Don  Buen- 

Montorgueil  from  the  Sea,  St.  Aubin's  Cas-  aventura    C.    Aribau,    Barcelona    Museum  ; 

tie  (18(50);  Light-House  near  L'Etaeq  ;  West-  frescos   in    1'iiiversity  and   other   Buildings 

em  Coast  of  Helgoland  (18(51);    Elizabeth  at  Madrid. — L:i  Ilustracion,  1877. 

Castle  on  Jersey,  Isle  of  Neuwerk  (18(5:5);  ESPINAI,    JUAN    DK,    born    at    Seville, 

Pond  in  Twilight  ;  Dutch  Landscape  ;  Storm  died  there  in   178:5.     Spanish  school;  liis- 

in  open  Sea;  Blue  Grotto  at  Capri  ;  Isle  of  tory  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Gregoria  E, 

Ainrum  at  Ebb  Tide  ;  Bergen    on  Riigen  ;  then    pupil   of   Domingo    Martinez,    whose 

St.  Catherine  on  Isle  of  Jersey  (18(>K);  Bal-  daughter  he  married;  was  made  director  of 

tic  Sea  in  Winter,  Life-Boat  to  Rescue  of  the   School  of  Design  at  Seville.     Works  : 

Schooner  (1872);    Steinbach  Valley  in  the  Scenes  from  Life  of  St.  Jerome,  Seville  Mu- 

Hartz  ;  Storm  011  Coast  of  Capri ;  Promon-  seum  ;  Frescos  in    Collegiate  Church,   San 

tory  of  Arkona  on  Riigen  ;  Whatcombe  Bay  Salvador. 

on  Isle  of  Wight  ;  Light-Houne  on  Isle  (If  ESPINOS,  DON   BENITO,  born  at  Va 

Neuwerk  ;    Eastern    Pier    at.   Swinemimde  lencia,  died  about   1H17.     Spanish   school  ; 

(1879);   Light-House   ou    the   Cliff  (187!)),  \  flower  painter,  son    of  the   history  painter 

National    Gallery,    Berlin. — Brockhaus,    vi.  and  engraver  Josef   Espinos   (1721-1784); 
350;  Rosenberg,  Berl.  Malersch.,  340.           |  was  appointed  director  of  the  Valencia  Acad- 


ESPIXOSA 


emy  in  1787.  Works  :  Nine  Flower  pieces, 
Madrid  Museum  ;  others  in  the  Escorial 
and  in  Valencia  Museum. 

ESPINOSA,  JACINTO  JERONBIO  DE, 

born  at  Concentaina,  Valencia,  July  20,  KiOO, 
died  in  Valencia  in  1G80.  Spanish  school  ; 
history  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Rodriguez 
de  Espiuosa  (15G2-1030),  a  mediocre  painter; 
probably  studied  afterward  under  Francisco 
Ribalta,  and  later  in  Italy.  Painted  chiefly 
religions  compositions,  and  excelled  in  por- 
traits. Warm  colour,  resembles  the  best 
Bologncse  masters  in  stylo.  Works  :  Mary 
Magdalen,  Christ  at  the  Column,  St.  John 
Baptist,  Madrid  Museum  ;  St.  Francis  of 
Assisi,  Christ,  bearing  the  Cross,  Dresden 
Gallery;  Communion  of  Mary  Magdalen, 
St.  Louis  Bertrand,  Christ  appearing  to  St. 
Ignatius  Loyola.  Valencia  Museum.  Others 
in  churches  of  Valencia.  He  was  aided  in 
many  of  his  works  by  his  son  Miguel  Jeron- 
imo,  who  imitated  his  style  with  moderate 


n.j> 


success. — Stirling,  ii.  703  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole 
espagnole  ;  Viardot,  150  ;  Madrazo,  398. 

ESSELENS,  JACOB,  llonrished  at  Am- 
sterdam, 17th  century.  Dutch  school ;  land- 
scape and  figure  painter,  supposed  pupil  of 
Rembrandt  ;  painted  villages  on  the  banks 
of  rivers,  buildings  with  fountains,  stag- 
hunts,  and  shipping-pieces.  Works  :  Fig- 
ures by  a  River,  Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Fish- 
ing Piece,  Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Rendezvous 
of  a  Hunting  Party,  Corporation  Galleries, 
Glasgow. — Immerzeel,  i.  224  ;  Kranim,  ii. 
413. 

ESTE,  ALFONSO  D',  Duke  of  Ferrara, 
portrait,  Titian,  Madrid  Museum  ;  wood,  H. 
4  ft.  1  in.  x  3  ft.  3  in.  Painted  about  1518  ; 
acquired  in  1533,  by  Emperor  Charles  V. 
Iteplica,  lately  in  Kaunitz  Collection,  by 
some  later  painter.  Second  portrait  of  Al- 
fonso, painted  by  Titian  in  153G,  lost. — C.  & 
C.,  Titian,  i.  189,  3G3,  410. 


ESTE  GONZAGA,  ISABELLA  D',  Mar- 
chioness of  Mantua,  portrait,  Titian,  Vienna 
Museum ;  canvas,  H.  3  ft.  2  in.  x  2  ft. 
Painted  in  1534,  from  an  older  portrait  by 
some  unknown  painter.  Bought  by  Arch- 
duke Leopold  Wilhelm  for  his  gallery  in 
Brussels,  and  thence  passed  to  Vienna.  En- 
graved by  Vorsterman  from  copy  by  Ru- 
bens ;  also  engraved  by  Van  tier  Stcen, 
Krepp,  and  others.  Replied,  with  varia- 
tions, at  Hermitage,  attributed  to  Paris  Bor- 
done  ;  others  at  Verona  and  Padua. — C.  & 
('.,  Titian,  i.  385. 

ESTENSK,  BALDASSARE,  Lombard 
school,  last  half  of  15th  century.  Probably 
of  Reggio,  as  he  is  sometimes  called  B:il- 
dassare  da  Reggio.  Supposed  illegitimate 
scinii  of  House  of  Este,  as  he  received  un- 
usual promotion  from  the  Dukes  of  Ferrara. 
Painted  a  likeness  of  Borso  I.  in  14(59,  and 
was  sent  to  Milan  to  present,  it  in  person  to 
the  Duke.  His  frescos  in  the  Rufini  Chapel, 
S.  Domenico,  Ferrara,  have  perished,  but 
his  portrait  of  Tito  Strozzi,  a  tempera  on 
canvas,  of  good  outline  and  finish,  dated 
1483,  is  in  the  Costabili  Collection,  Ferrara. 
He  seems  to  have  followed  in  the  footsteps 

of  Tura  and  of 

r~*     «f-  Cossa.     Baltlas- 

I  ,  <ltsiS£  «™'*  -m  waa 

-*— '«J  made  in  1500.— 

C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  i.  525  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le 
Mon.,  iv.  173. 

ESTHER  AND  AHASUERUS,  Julius 
Sdimiler,  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  canvas, 
H.  fi  ft.  5  iu.  x8  ft.  3  in.;  signed,  dated 
185G.  Illustration  of  Esther,  Cli.  V.  Ahasu- 
crus,  at  left,  lowering  his  sceptre  graciously, 
greets  Queen  Esther,  who  swoons  in  the 
arms  of  her  two  attendants  ;  behind  him 
the  anxious  Hainan  ;  at  right,  at  entrance  of 
palace,  two  soldiers.  Figures  life  size,  seen 
to  knees. 

By  Tintoretto,  Hampton  Court  Palace, 
England  ;  canvas,  H.  fi  ft.  9  in.  x  8  ft.  9  in. 
Esther  fainting,  held  up  by  a  woman  and  a 
man;  the  King  anxiously  descending  the 
steps  of  the  throne  ;  other  figures  crowding 


ETEX 


round.  In  collection  of  Charles  I.  ;  sold  in 
1650  for  £120  ;  returned  to  royal  collection 
at  Restoration.  Original  sketch  at  Madrid. 
Engraved  in  reverse  by  S.  Gribelin.  Waagen 
says  "this  is  one  of  the  most  admirable 
specimens  I  know  of  this  unequal  master." 
— Law,  Hist.  Cat.  Hampton  Court,  24  ; 
Waagen,  Treasures,  ii.  35'J. 

By  Paolo  I'l-roni'xi;  Louvre  ;  canvas,  11.  (> 
ft.  (J  in.  x  10  ft.  2  in.  Ahasuerua  on  a  throne 
at  right,  with  his  councillors  around  him, 
looks  angrily  at  Queen  Esther,  who  faints  in 
the  arms  of  two  of  her  women  ;  above,  two 
figures  in  a  balcony  ;  in  the  middle,  a  statue 
iu  a  niche.  Formerly  in  Casa  Bonaldi,  Ven- 
ice ;  bought  by  Jabach,  who  sold  it  to 
Louis  XIV. — Landon,  GEuvres,  x\i.  PI.  3  ; 
Musec,  xix.  PI.  ;i()  ;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre. 

ETEX,  ANTOINE,  born  in  Paris,  March 
20,  1808.  Painter,  sculptor,  architect,  en- 
graver, and  writer  on  art  subjects.  Studied 
sculpture  under  Dupaty  and  Pradier,  paint- 
ing under  Ingres,  and  architecture  under 
Duban.  Has  worked  chiefly  us  a  sculptor. 
Medal,  1st  class,  1833  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1841. 
Works:  Woman  Bathing  (1828);  St.  Se- 
bastian, Joseph  explaining  his  Dream  to  his 
Brethren (1844);  Deliverance  (1845);  Woman 
of  the  Roman  Campagna,  Eurydice  (1853), 
Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Asia,  Danac,  Isaac 
blessing  Jacob  (1S57)  ;  Christ  on  Lake  (len- 
ezareth,  The  Seasons,  Europe,  Africa  (185!t); 
Education  of  the  Medici  (18(!1)  ;  Jacob 
going  to  meet  Joseph  in  Egypt,  Jacob's  Fu- 
neral (18G3)  ;  The  Sons  of  Joseph  blessed  bv 
Jacob  (1805)  ;  Ancient  Slave,  Modern  Slave 
(18CG);  Death  of  the  Child  Adeodatus  (1875) ; 
Portrait  of  himself  (1877)  ;  Christ,  Glory  of 
the  United  States  (1885). 

ETEX,  LOUIS  JULES,  born  in  Paris, 
Sept  20,  1810.  History,  genre,  and  por- 
trait painter,  brother  of  Antoine  E.,  pupil 
of  Lethiere  and  Ingres.  Medals  :  2d  class, 
1833,  1838.  WTorks  :  Adam  and  Eve  (1838); 
Woman  carrying  PYuit  (1840);  Madonna, 
Lost  the  Way  (184(i);  Woman  from  Fron- 
tier of  Naples  (184'J);  Christ  raising  the 
Widow's  Son  (1851);  Stage-Coach  during 


'Storm  (1852);  Vestal  re-entering  Temple 
swoons  nt  seeing  the  Sacred  Fire  extin- 
guished (18(>8);  Souvenir  do  La  Varenne, 

;  Vestal  dragged  out  of  the  Temple  (18<>;)); 
St.  (Jeiievieve,  Evening  (1870);  St.  Philihert, 
Notre-Dame  de  Lorette,  Paris;  Portraits  of 
Henri  I.,  Due  do  Montmorency,  and  of 
Marquis  do  Sillery,  Versailles  Museum. — 
Bellier-Auvrav,  i.  524. 

ETTY,  WILLIAM,  born  in  York,  March 
10,  1787,  died 
there,  Nov.  13. 
184!).  History 
painter,  son  of  a 
in  i  Her  ;  appren- 
ticed for  seven 
years  with  Peck, 
a  le  1 1  er-press 
printer  at  Hull  ; 
went  to  London 
in  180C,  in  1807 
became  a  student  at  (lie  I  loyal  Academy, 
and  in  1808  of  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence.  He 
was  long  unsuccessful,  but  by  persevering 
drudgery  at  last  won  his  reward;  in  1811 
his  Telemaehus  rescuing  Antiope  was  hung 
in  the  Royal  Academy,  and  in  1820  his  Coral 
Finders,  and  in  1821  his  CIcojKitrtl  on  the 
Cydnus,  brought  him  fame.  In  1822  he 
visited  Italy  and  became  an  honorary  mem- 
ber of  the  Venetian  Academy  ;  and  in  1824 
he  was  elected  an  A.R.A.,  and  in  1828  U.A. 
Etty  delighted  in  painting  the  nude,  espe- 
cially the  female  form,  and  as  a  colourist 
had  few  equals  in  the  English  school. 
Works:  Sappho  (1811);  The  Deluge  (1815), 
Cupid  sheltering  Psyche  (1823),  Head  of  a 
Cardinal  (1844),  South  Kensington  Museum  ; 
Imprudence  of  Candaules  (1830),  Window 
in  Venice  during  a  Festa  (1831),  Youth  on 

'  the  Prow  and  Pleasure  at  the  Helm  (1832), 
Lute-Plaver  (1833),  Dangerous  Playmate 
(1833),  Christ  appearing  to  Magdalen  (1834), 
II  Duetto  (1838),  Female  Bathers  sin-prised 
by  a  Swnn  (1841),  Magdalen  (1842),  Bather 
(1844),  National  Gallery,  London  ;  Deliver- 
ance of  Bethulia  by  Judith  (3  pictures,  1827- 
31),  Beuaiah  (182'J),  The  Combat  (1825), 


27 


ET/DORF 


National  Gallery,  Edinburgh ;  Ulysses  and  '  school,  pupil  of  Arixtul™  of  Thebes  or  of 
the  Sirens  (1837),  Manchester  Gallery  ;  Or- j  his  son  ami  pupil  Ariston,  about  370-336 
igin  of  Marriage,  Bevy  of  Fair  Women  (1828),  B.C.  Master  of  all  arts—painter,  sculptor, 
.Stafford  House,  London  ;  Venus  and  Cupid,  chaser  of  metals,  and  writer  011  symmetry 
Henry  Bicknell,  Cavendish  House,  Clapham  and  colour  (Pliny,  xxxiv.  19  ;  Quiu  ,  xii.  10, 
Common  ;  Eape  of  Proserpine  (1839),  Ve-  G).  He  united  the  traditions  of  his  Theban 
nus  Anad'yomene,  Three  Graces,  J.  Gillott  master  with  those  of  the  Sicyonic  school, 
Collection  ;  Judgment  of  Paris  ;  Venus  and  ,  and  painted  many  famous  works,  both  at 
her  Satellites  (1835);  Wise  and  Foolish  Vir-  Corinth  and  at  Athens.  Upon  one  wall  in 
gins  ;  Hylas  and  Nymphs  ;  Prodigal  Son  ;  |  the  Stoa  Basilicas  at  Athens  he  painted 
Prodigal's  Return  ;  Destruction  of  Temple  \  Theseus  with  personifications  of  Democracy 
of  Vice  ;  Adam  and  Eve  ;  Pandora  ;  Parting  j  and  the  Demos,  and  upon  the  opposite  one 
of  Hero'  and  Leander  ;  Death  of  do. ;  Diana  j  the  twelve  great  gods.  There  also  he  repre- 
aud  Endvmion  ;  Amoret  freed  by  Britomart ;  sented  a  tiglit  between  the  Athenian  and 
/ephvr  and  Aurora  ;  Robinson  Crusoe  re-  Bu-otiaii  cavalry  at  the  battle  of  Mantimea, 
turning  Thanks  for  Deliverance;  Joan  of  with  portraits  of  Epaminoiidas  and  of  Gryl- 
Arc  (3  pictures,  1847).— Gik-hrist,  Life  (Lon-lus,  son  of  Xenophon  (Pans.  i.  3.  2,  3). 
don,  1855);  Redgrave;  Art  Jour.  (1849),  13;  With  reference  to  the  first-named  picture 
(1858),  233  ;  Sandby,  ii.  49;  Cli.  Blanc,  Ecole  Euphranor  remarked  that  the  Theseus  of 
anglaise;  Portfolio  (1875),  88,  107,  142,  149,  Parrhasius  had  been  fed  on  roses,  but  his 

own  on  beef  (Pliny,   xxxv.  40).     Some   fa- 


172,  180  ;  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (1862),  xiii.  208. 

ETZDORF.     See  Eulorf. 

EUCHEIR,  of  Athens,  mythic  painter, 
spoken  of  as  the  discoverer  of  painting  in 
Greece,  and  as  related  to  Diedalus. — Pliny, 
vii.  57  [205]. 

EUDORUS,  scene-painter  and  statuary, 
place  and  date  unknown. — Pliny,  xxxv.  40 
11411. 

EUMARUS,  monochrome  painter,  of  Ath- 
ens, latter  part  of  Cth  century  n.c.  Said  to 
have  been  the  first  to  distinguish  men  from 
women  in  his  pictures  by  colour,  by  which 
is  meant,  probably,  that  he  painted  the  flesh 


inous  pictures  of  his  at  Ephesus  are  also 
mentioned  :  Ulysses  in  his  feigned  Madness, 
yoking  together  an  Ox  and  a  Horse  ;  and  a 
Warrior  sheathing  his  Sword. 

EUPOMPUS,  a  noted  Greek  painter,  of 
Sicyon,  founder  of  the  Sicyonic  school,  con- 
temporary and  rival  of  Farrhasiiis  and  Ti- 
manlhux,  about  400  n.c.  (Pliny,  xxv.  36  [61, 
64,  75 1).  Before  his  time  only  two  schools 
of  painting  were  recognized  in  Greece,  the 
Ionic  (Asiatic)  and  the  Attic  (Hellenic). 
We  know  the  subject  of  but  one  of  his 
works,  a  winner  in  the  Olympic  games  car- 


ol' the  former  of  a  reddish  brown  and  that !  rying  a  palm  of  victory  in  his  hand.  This 
of  the  latter  white.  Also  said  to  have  first  picture  was  so  marked  in  its  individuality 
marked  the  differences  in  age  between  the 


persons  whom  he  painted.  Painting  in 
Greece,  up  to  his  time  on  a  level  with  that 
in  Assyria  and  Egypt,  took  with  him  the 
first  steps  iu  the  path  of  progress. — Pliny, 
xxxv.  34  [55]. 

EUMELUS,  painter,  of  Caria,  probably 
about  A.D.  190.  His  picture  of  Helen  was 
in  the  Roman  Forum. — Philost.  Vita  Sophist., 
ii.  5. 

EUPHRANOR,  one  of  the  greatest  of 
Greek  artists,  of  Corinth,  Thebaii-Attic 


that  the  painter  was  conceded  to  have  founded 
a  third  school,  the  Sicyonic,  at  the  head  of 
which  stands  his  scholar  PamjjhUtts,  the  mas- 
ter of  Apelles. 

EURIPIDES,  painter  and  poet  (485-406 
li.c.).  The  great  tragic  poet  was  a  painter 
in  his  youth,  and  several  of  his  works  were 
preserved  in  Megara. — Snidas,  v.  and  Vita 
Eurip.  in  Vitas  scriptores  Grseci  minores  (ed. 
Westerm.  134,  15). 

EUROPA,  RAPE  OF,  Claude  Lorraiu, 
Buckingham  Palace  ;  canvas,  H.  4  f t.  x  4  ft. 


ElTtOl'A 


6  in.;  signed,  dated  Romr,  1007.  A  sea- 
coast  view  in  early  morning  light  ;  Europa 
and  the  bull  in  foreground,  and  group  of 
trees  in  middle  distance  ;  in  background, 
left,  hills.  Replica  of  picture  painted  for 
Pope  Alexander  VII.  in  1055.  Bought  liv 
George  IV.  at  Lord  Gwydyr  sale  (18'2D)  for 
£2,000.  Engraved  by  Rad civile,  and  by 
Claude  himself.  Liber  Veritatis,  No.  l:$0. 
Another  Europa,  Liber  Veritatis,  144,  was 
in  collection  of  Sir  Philip  Miles,  Leigh 


whose  hands  it  passed  to  the  Orleans  Collec- 
tion ;  sold  in  171)8  to  Lord  Berwick  for  .C700. 
Copy  by  Rubens  in  Madrid  Museum  ;  an- 
other, probably  by  Del  Mazo,  is  in  collection 
of  Sir  Richard  Wallace  ;  poor  copy  in  Dul- 
wich  Gallery.—  C.  &  C.,  Titian,  ii.  HI!)  ;  \Yaa- 
gen,  Treasures,  iii.  11). 

By  Paolo  \'irv>u'x<;  Pala/./o  Ducale,  Ven- 
ice ;  canvas.  Jupiter,  in  the  form  of  a  bull, 
lying  down  under  trees  to  receive  Europa, 
who,  aided  by  attendants,  is  beating  herself 


Rape  of  Europa,   Paolo  Veronese,   Palazzo  Ducale,  Venice. 


Court. — Wangen,   Treasures,   ii.    2:5 ;  Patti- 
son,  Claude  Lorrain,  71,  227. 

By  Titian,  Cobham  Hall,  England  ;  can- 
vas, H.  5  ft.  10  in.  xO  ft.  8  in.;  signed. 
Jupiter,  in  the  form  of  a  bull,  with  Europa 
on  his  back,  rushes  through  the  brine,  while 
Eros,  with  expanded  wings,  clings  to  a  dol- 
phin following,  and  two  Cupids  fly  over- 
head ;  in  the  distance  Europa's  companions 
on  the  shore  bewail  her  loss.  Painted  in 
1562  for  Philip  II.  of  Spain  ;  given  by  Philip 
V.  in  1704  to  Marquis  de  Grarumont,  through 


on  his  back;  above,  two  Cupids  bring  wreaths 

of  flowers,  and  a  third  holds  the  bull  by  a 
cord  attached  to  a  wreath  around  his  horns  ; 
at  right,  the  bull  is  seen  entering  the  water 
with  Europa  on  his  back,  with  attendants, 
and  Cupid  bearing  a  torch  ;  in  distance,  tho 
bull  swimming,  with  attendants  on  shore 
taking  leave  of  Europa.  Left  to  the  Repub- 
lic by  Bertucci  Contarini  in  1715.  Taken 
to  Paris  in  1798  ;  returned  in  1817.  Ruskin 
says :  One  of  the  very  few  pictures  which 
both  possess  and  deserve  a  high  reputation. 


EUSE15JO 


Replica  in  Capitol  Gallery,  Rome  ;  anollicr, 
small,  with  changes,  National  Gallery,  Lon- 
don. Engraved  by  Rainaldi  ;  Lefebvre. — 
Ruskin,  Stones  of  Venice,  iii.  297  ;  Klas.  cler 
Malerei,  PI.  70  ;  Landon.  Musee,  xv.  I'l.  2!)  ; 
llighetti,  Canipidoglio,  ii.  I'l.  2t)G  ;  Rosini, 
v.  274  ;  Reveil,  xii.  823. 

EUSEBIO  Dl  SAN  GIORGIO.  Sec  San 
Giorgio. 

EUTHYMIDES,  third-rate  painter,  place 
and  dale  unknown  (Pliny,  xxxv.  40  |14(iJ). 
Perhaps  identical  with  Euthymides  of  Ha- 
dria,  son  of  Polius,  vase-painter,  whose  name 
is  on  a  vase  found  at  Yulei. 

EUTYCHIDES,  painter,  place  and  date 
unknown.  His  picture  of  a  two-horse  char- 
iot is  mentioned  by  Pliny  (xxxv.  40  |141|). 
Perhaps  identical  with  the  sculptor  of  the 
same  name  from  (Sic-yon,  mentioned  by  Pau- 
sanias  (vi.  2.  (J)  and  Pliny  (xxxiv.  78). 

EUXINIDAS,  painter,  master  of  Arixtidcs 
of  Thebes,  about  400-380  B.C.  Works  un- 
known.— Pliny,  xxxv.  30  [74]. 

EYANS,  DE  SCOTT,  born  in  Boston, 
Ind.,  iii  1847.  Portrait  and  genre  painter, 


Cfeation  of  Eve,  Michelangelo,  Sistine  Chapel,  Rome. 


pupil  of  Bouguereau  in  Paris,  1877-78. 
Studio  in  Cleveland,  where  he  is  professor 
in  11  K!  Academy  of  Eiue  Arts.  Exhibits  at 
the  National  Academy,  New  York.  Ideal 
works :  Mother's  Treasure,  T.  D.  Crocker, 
Cleveland  ;  In  the  Studio  ;  Old  Tapestrv, 
The  Answer  (1881);  Old  Clock,  Taxidermist 
(1882);  Old  Spring  House,  Morning  (1883); 
Birthday  Card  (1884). 


EVANTHES,  painter,  of  Egypt,  4th  cen- 
tury 11. c.  Painted  an  Andromeda  and  a 
Prometheus  for  the  Temple  of  Zeus  Kasius 
at  Pelusium. — Achilles  Tatius,  iii.  0  (edition 
Jacobs). 

EVE,  CREATION  OF,  Michelangelo,  Sis- 
tine  Chapel,  Rome  ;  fresco  on  ceiling.     II- 
,  lustration  of  Genesis  ii.  21-23. 

EYENOR,  painter,  of  Ephesus,  father  and 
master  of  J'urrhaxiux,  lived  about  420  B.C. 
—Pliny,  xxxv.  30  [GO];  Pans.  1,  28,  2; 
Athen.  xii.  p.  543. 

EYERDINGEN,  ALLART  (Aider!)  VAN, 
born  at  Alkmaar 
iii  1021  (?),  died 
in  Amsterdam, 

r»  .-•«=*     -y,     I  Nov.,     1075. 

V'  Dutch    school  ; 

^-*  J*1!'  landscape   paint- 

er, pupil  at   Ut- 
recht of  Roelandt 
Savei\y,    and   the 
x   master   of  Back- 
"\  huysenandlluys- 
d  a  c  1.       Fro  m 

1045  to  1051  lived  at  Haarlem,  and  from 
1054  to  1075  in  Amsterdam.  Everdingen's 
landscapes  are  poetic  and  spirited.  His 
treatment  of  rocks  and  waterfalls,  forests  and 
sea-views,  is  truthful  and  vigourous,  both 
in  his  pictures  and  his  numerous  etchings. 
Many  of  his  studies  from  nature  were  made 
in  Norway,  which  he  visited  in  1G40-44. 
Works:  Norwegian  Landscapes  (2),  National 
Museum,  Amsterdam  ;  Two  Waterfalls,  Rot- 
terdam Museum  ;  Rocky  Landscape,  Vienna 
Museum  ;  Landscapes  (2),  Louvre  ;  River 
Landscape  (1048),  Norwegian  Waterfall,  Nor- 
wegian Landscapes  (2),  Wood  eel  Slope,  Cas- 
tle by  River,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Waterfall  with 
Alpine  Hut,  Norwegian  Landscape  (1047), 
Brunswick  Museum  ;  Ravine  with  Torrent, 
Cologne  Museum ;  Landscape  with  Waterfall 
(1050),  Storm  at  Sea,  2  Landscapes,  Old  Pin- 
akothek,  Munich;  Stag-Hunt  (1043),  4  Land- 
scapes, Dresden  Gallery  ;  Mountain  Torrent 
in  Norway,  Breslau  Museum  ;  Stormy  Sea, 
Landscape  with  Mill,  Norwegian  Landscape, 


30 


EVERDIXGEN 

Stadel  Gallery,  Frankfort ;  High  Tide  among  EWALD,  ERNST  (DEOD AT  PAUL  FKIt- 
Cliffs  (1G47),  Mountain  Landscape  (1048),  D1NAND),  born  in  Berlin,  March  17,  1*30. 
three  others,  Copenhagen  Gallery.  Others  History  painter,  pupil  in  Berlin  in  1855  of 
in  Cosset,  Darmstadt,  Gotha,  Oldenburg,  StetVeck,  then  studied  iu  Paris  in  1850-0:!, 
Hamburg,  and  ypv  ,  A  /  including  one  year  under  Couture.  After 

St.      Petersburg  ^Al/  /*•!,/}    visiting  Italy,   in    18<;:i-(i4,  he  returned  to 

Galleries.  —  All-  *      't^'     Berlin,    and    there   decorated    the   new  city 

gem.  d.  Biogr.,  vi.  4.'i5  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  hall,  and  a  hall  in  the  National  Gallery,  with 
hollandaise  ;  F.'irster,  iii.  207,  2H;  Immer-  wall  paintings.  In  I  SOS  he  became  in- 
zeel,  i.  225;  Kramm,  ii.  445  ;  Quellenschrift-  structor,  and  in  1S74  director,  of  the,  Ger- 
en,  xiv.  201  ;  Van  der  AVilligen,  127.  man  Industrial  School,  in  Isso  also  of  the 

EVERDINGKX,   CKSAR    VAN,  born  at    Royal  Art  Sd 1,  at    Berlin.     M'orks :  The 

Alkmaar  in  1000,  died  there  in  10711.  Dutch  Seven  Deadly  Sins  (1803),  Scenes  from  Xie- 
school,  history,  genre,  and  portrait  painter  :  bclungcn  Saga  (ISC'.l),  National  Gallerv, 
brother  of  Allart  vanE. ;  pupil  of  Jan  van  Berlin.  -Brockhaus,  vi.  Hi:!;  Rosenberg, 
Bronkhorst,  entered  the  Alkmaar  guild  in  I'.erl.  Malersch..  2:!0. 

1032  ;  went  in  1048  to  Haarlem,  where  he  EWARD,  CHARLKS.  born  at  Nantes 
entered  the  guild  in  1051,  but  returned  to  about  1008,  died  in  Rome  May  25,  liiMi. 
Alkmaar,  where  most  of  his  pictures  are  to  French  school  ;  history  and  architecture 
be  found  in  St.  Lawrence's  Church  and  in  painter  and  engraver.  Formed  himself  in 
the  Town  Hall.  He  painted  with  vivid  con-  Italv,  where  he  was  member  of  the  Acrid- 
ception  and  powerful  colouring.  Works:  emv  of  St.  Luke,  lii:!5,  and  after  his  return 
Diogenes  in  Search  of  a  Man  (1052,  figures  to  France  decorated  churches  and  palaces 
portraits  of  the  Steiju  family ),  National  Mil-  with  second-rate  pictures  of  sacred  and  pro- 
scum,  Amsterdam  ;  Flora,  Pomona,  Bacchus,  fane  historv.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
V,  «-|  *  and  Cupid,  Dresden  and  first  director  of  the  French  Academy  at 

\\»/f        /L  e  yt  Gallery.     His   younger    Paris  and  (1005)  at  Rome. — Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole 

^l£— /  brother,  Jan    (1025-    francaise. 

1656),  painted  still  life.  — Immer/eel,  i.  225  ;  EXECUTION  IN  GRANADA,  Henri 
Kramm,  ii.  445  ;  Quellenschriften,  xiv.  200  ;  /,V</,,r/////,  formerlv  in  Luxembourg  Museum; 
Van  der  Willigeu,  120.  'canvas,  H.  i)  ft.  10  in.  t  ft.  10  in.  A  mnr- 

EVERS,    ANTON    CLEMENS,   born    on  '  ble  stairway  with   two  or  three  steps  leads 
the  Moritzberg,  near  Hildesheim,   in   1802.    to  a  Moorish  court   in  the  style  of  the  Al 
Genre   and   portrait   painter,  pupil  of   the   hanibra  ;  in    foreground,    two    ligures,    the 
Dresden  Academy  until  1821),  after  which  he    executioner    and     his     victim,    the     former 
painted   portraits   in   his   native    town.     In    standing  wiping  his  cimeter  on    his  tunic, 
1832  he  went  to  Munich,  where  he  cstab-    the  latter  a  mangled  trunk,  the  head  lying 
lished  himself  as  a  painter  of  Bavarian  life    in  a  pool  of  blood  on   the  marble  pavement. 
and  sports.     "Works:  Peter  Visclier  in  Nu-   Salon,  1870. — Benjamin,  102. 
remberg  working  on  Sebnldus"  Monument ;       EXILES  OF  TIBERIUS,  Felix  Joseph 
Guttenberg  showing  first  Trials  of  Printing  ;    /,'<//•/•/«.-•,  Luxembourg  Museum;  canvas,  H. 

8  ft.  3  in.  x  13  ft.  The  Emperor  Tiberius, 
having  retired  to  Caprea  (Capri)  to  pursue 
his  pleasures,  punished  all  who  stood  in  his 
way,  including  even  the  wives  and  children 
of  the  accused,  by  banishing  thorn  to  islands 
Luther  as  Squire  George  at  the  Wartburg  ;  where  they  could  get  neither  fire  nor  water 
Huns  Sachs  composing  Poetry  in  a  Bower.  (Suetonius).  The  picture  represents  a  boat 


EXNER 


filled  with  prisoners  going  to  the  island,  the 
hills  of  which  are  seen  in  the  background  ; 
at  right,  a  galley  from  which  prisoners  are 
being  transferred  to  another  boat.  Salon, 
1859. 

EXNER,  JOHANN  JULIUS,  born  in  Co- 
penhagen, Nov.  30, 
1825.  Genre  and 
portrait  painter,  pu- ; 
pil  of  the  Copenha- 
gen Academy  under 
Lund  and  Eckers- 
berg.  He  painted 
portraits  and  scenes 
from  Danish  history, 
before  devoting 
himself  entirely  to 
the  representation  of 

country  life  in  Denmark.  Member  of  Co- 
penhagen (1804),  and  Stockholm  (1800), 
Academies.  Professor  at  Copenhagen  Acad- 
emy in  1870.  Order  of  Danebrog,  I860. 
Works  :  Old  Woman  (1852)  ;  Sunday  Visit 
at  Grandfather's  (1853),  Feast  at  Peasant's 
on  Amager  (1854),  Grandmother's  Greeting, 
Game  of  Black  Peter  (1803),  Little  Conva- 
lescent (1807),  all  in  Copenhagen  Gallery  ; 
Peasants'  Dance  in  Hedebo  (1855)  ;  End  of 
a  Bout  (1800);  Blind  Man's  Buff  (1800); 
Peasant  Wedding  (1807);  Visiting  the  Sick 
(1870) ;  Wooing  (1877)  ;  Interrupted  Nap 
(1881);  A  Discovery  (1882).— Sigurd  Muller, 
95  ;  Weilbach,  155. 

EYBE,  KARL  GOTTFRIED,  born  in 
Hamburg,  Dec.  17,  1813.  History  and  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  of  the  Diisseldorf  Acad- 
emy in  1839-47,  under  Karl  Sohu  and 
Schadow.  Lived  in  Diisseldorf  from  1851 
to  1853,  and  afterwards  settled  in  Hamburg. 
Works  :  Hagar  and  Ishmael  (1845) ;  Susanna 
at  the  Bath  (1853),  Kiel  Gallery;  Charity 
(1847),  Children  Bathing  (1858),  Hamburg 
Gallery. 

EYBEL,  ADOLF,  born  in  Berlin,  Feb. 
24,  1808,  died  there  Oct.  12,  1882.  His- 
tory, genre,  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of 
the  Berlin  Academy  and  of  Kolbe  ;  studied 
then  in  Paris  (1834-39)  under  Delaroche, 


became  afterwards  member  of,  and  in  1849 
professor  at,  the  Berlin  Academy.  Works  : 
Gleaner  (183G);  Battle  of  Fehrbellin  (1840), 
Royal  Palace,  Berlin  ;  Twelve  Reformers, 
Royal  Chapel,  ib. ;  Scene  from  Scott's  Wood- 
stock ;  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion  listening  to 
Blondel's  Singing  ;  Scene  from  Faust. — 
Brockhaus,  vi.  493;  Kunst-Chronik,  xviii.  24. 
EYBL,  FRANZ,  born  in  Vienna,  April  1, 
180G,  died  there  April  29,  1880.  Portrait 
and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  the  Vienna 
Academy ;  member  in  1843.  Works :  Smithy 
at  Gos.au  (1835)  ;  Strawberry  Seller,  Return 
of  Husbandman  (1844)  ;  Dressing  the  Bride 
(1845)  ;  Old  Woman  asleep  in  Arm  Chair  ; 
Old  Woman  leaving  Church  ;  Old  Woman 
Praying  (1840)  ;  Austrian  Peasant  Woman 
(1847),  Old  Beggar  (1850),  Vienna  Museum. 
-Wurzbach,  iv.  119. 

EYCK,  HUBERT  or  HUYBRECHT 
VAN,  b  o  r  11  a  t 
Maaseyck  after 
1300,  died  in 
Ghent  Sept.  18, 
1420.  Flemish 
school.  There  are 
no  authentic  rec- 
ords of  his  life 
until  1424,  when 
he  was  living  in 
high  repute  as  a 
painter  in  Ghent. 
The  honour  of 
perfecting  oil 

painting,  long  known  but  hitherto  undevel- 
oped, belongs  to  Hubert  and  his  brother 
Jan.  They  invented  a  colourless  varnish 
which  could  be  applied  with  safety  to  oil 
colours,  and  thus  obviated  the  only  impedi- 
ment to  their  use,  namely,  their  excessive 
slowness  in  drying,  which  had  been  before 
met  by  the  use  of  a  varnish  which  darkened 
many  colours  and  was  therefore  objection- 
able. Their  new  method  was  that  of  paint- 
ing with  wet  upon  wet  colour.  The  tints 
were  mixed  with  the  drying  medium  upon 
the  palette,  and  then  applied.  Hubert's 
one  certainly  authentic  work  is  that  part  of 


EYC'K 


the  great  altarpiece  in  the  Church  of  St. 
Huron  (now  St.  John),  Ghent — the  Adoration 
of  the  Lamb,  which  he  painted  for  Jodocus 
Vydt,  a  rich  patrician  of  Ghent.  The  fol- 
lowing portions,  as  differing  in  drawing, 
colouring,  cast  of  drapery,  and  treatment 
from  the  style  of  Jan,  as  recognized  in  his 
other  works,  may  be  safely  assigned  to  Hu- 
bert, namely  :  the  Almighty,  the  Virgin,  St. 
John  the  Baptist,  from  the  upper  inner 
series,  and  the  great  picture  of  the  Adora- 
tion of  the  Lamb,  being  the  central  portion 
of  the  lower  scries,  in  the  Church  of  St.  Ba- 
vou,  Ghent  ;  St.  Cecilia  and  Angels  playing 
on  musical  instruments,  Berlin  Museum  ; 
both  the  upper  outside  wings,  with  Adam 
and  Eve,  Brussels  Museum.  The  side  of 
the  centre  picture  with  the  Apostles  and 
Saints,  and  the  wings  with  the  hermits  and 
pilgrims,  with  the  exception  of  the  land- 
scapes, are  also  attributed  to  Hubert  Van 
Eyck.  The  altarpiece  in  its  entirety  is  one 
of  the  most  wonderful  works  of  art  in  the 
world. — Biog.  nat.  de  Belgique,  vi.  775  ; 
Carton,  Les  trois  Frcres  Van  Eyck  (Brussels, 
1848)  ;  Eastlake,  Materials  ;  Eisenman,  The 
Brothers  Van  Eyck,  20!);  Dohme,  li.  ;  Ch. 
Blanc,  Ecolc  flamande ;  C.  k  C.,  Flemish 
Painters,  34  ;  Allgem.  d.  Biogr. 
Forster,  Dcnkmale,  iii.  15  ;  vi. 
Gesch.,  ii.  (>4  ;  Immerzeel,  i.  22(! 
ii.  448  ;  Michiels,  ii.  8:5  ;  Sclmaase 
W.  &  W.,  ii.  8. 

EYCK,  JAN  VAX,  born  at  Maaseyck 
about  11581, 
died  in  Bru- 
ges July  9, 
1440.  Flem- 
ish school. 
Jan  and  his 
elder  brothei- 
Hubert  are 
supposed  to 
have  been 
court  -  paint- 
ers to  Philip 
de  Charoloia, 
afterwards  Philip  the  Good,  Duke  of  Bur- 


vi.   778  ; 

17;   do., 

;  Kramm, 

viii.  10:5  ; 


gundy,  who,  with  his  wife,  Michelle  do 
France,  resided  at  Ghent  between  1418  and 
1421.  In  October,  1422,  Jan  entered  the 
service  of  Duke  John  of  Bavaria  as  "  painter 
and  varlet,"  at  The  Hague,  and  after  his 
death  (May  10,  1425)  re-entered  that  of 
Duke  Philip  in  the  same  capacities.  Dur- 
ing the  next  three  years  he  lived  ;it  Lille, 
whence  he  was  sent  by  the  Duke,  Oct.  Ill, 
1428,  to  Portugal,  to  paint  the  portrait  of 
his  affianced  bride,  the  Princess  Isabel.  At. 
Christinas,  1421),  Jan  returned  to  Flanders 
with  the  Princess,  and  settled  at  Ghent  to 
complete;  the  great  altarpiece  of  the  Adora- 
tion of  the  Lamb,  left  unfinished  by  his 
brother  Hubert.  Having  accomplished  this 
work  in  14:52,  he  established  himself  at  Urii- 
ges,  where,  in  consideration  of  his  great. 
merit,  the  Duke  exempted  him  from  taxes, 
and  in  14:54  honoured  him  by  becoming 
godfather  to  his  daughter  Lycimie.  Au- 
thorities differ  as  to  what  part  of  the  great 
altarpiece  in  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Bavon  al 
Ghent  was  painted  by  Jan  after  his  brother's 
death.  The  question  is  the  more  difficult  to 
decide,  as  it  is  Hubert's  one  authentic  work. 
Many  pictures  by  Jan  exist,  and  these  when 
compared  with  the  altarpiece  have  led  "\Yolt- 
mann  to  conclude  that  only  the  paintings 
on  the  outer  shutters,  Berlin  Gallery,  (ire 
by  him.  They  consist  of  the  Annunciation 
and  the  Prophets  and  Sibyls  who  foretold 
the  event,  and  of  four  figures  in  niches,  two 
of  which  in  monochrome  represent  Gothic 
statues  of  SS.  John  the  Baptist  and  the 
Evangelist,  and  two  in  colour,  the  kneeling 
donors,  Jodocus  Vydt  and  his  wife,  Fran 
Lisbet  IJarlut.  To  these  as  Jan's  work  are 
added  in  Kugler's  Handbook  (Crowe)  the 
wing  picture  with  the  singing  angels  of  the 
upper  series  on  the  inner  side,  the  side  of 
the  centre  picture  of  the  Adoration  of  the 
Lamb  containing  the  Patriarchs  and  Proph- 
ets, etc.,  and  the  entire  landscape,  the  wing 
with  the  soldiers  of  Christ  and  the  Righteous 
Judges,  and  the  landscapes  to  the  wing  with 
the  hermits  and  pilgrims.  Other  works  by 
Jan  are  the  Consecration  of  Thomas  a  Becket 


EYCK 

(dated  Oct.  30,  1421),  Chatsworth,  England ;  van  Eyck  ;  existence  only  lately  established. 
Seated  Madonna  (14152),  Inoe  Hall,  near  Only  work  attributed  to  him,  an  altarpiece, 
Liverpool,  England  ;  Burghley  House  Ma-  consisting  of  a  centre  and  two  wings  (1445), 
donna,  Marquis  of  Exeter  ;  Portraits  of  in  the  Van  der  Schrick  Collection,  Louvain. 
John  Amolfini  of  Lucca  and  his  wife  (1434),  — C.  &.  C.,  Flemish  Painters,  133  ;  Kramm, 
and  two  half-length  male  portraits  (1432-  ii.  405. 

33),  National  Gallery,  London  ;  Virgin  and  EYCK,  MARGARET  VAN,  born  (?),  died 
Donor,  Louvre  ;  Madonna  with  Donor,  not  later  than  1430.  Flemish  school  ;  sister 
Rothschild  Collection,  Paris  ;  Cardinal  della  of  Hubert,  Jan,  and  Lambert  Van  Eyck.  She 
Croce  (1430),  Canon  Jan  van  der  Leeuw  is  said  to  have  been  a  skilful  painter,  but 
(1430),  Vienna  Museum  ;  Paele  Madonna  none  of  the  works  assigned  to  her  are  cer- 
(1430),  portrait  of  Jan's  wife  (1439),  and  tainly  authentic.  She  died  before  Jan,  and 
Head  of  Christ  (1420),  Bruges  Academy ;  was  buried,  like  Hubert,  in  the  Cathedral 
Lucca  Madonna,  Stiidel  Institute,  Frank-  at  Ghent.  A  Madonna,  National  Gallery, 
fort  ;  Triptych  with  Christ  blessing,  Cassel  London,  is  attributed  to  her.  Biog.  uat.  do 
Gallery  ;  Head  of  Christ  (1438),  Man  with  ,  Belgiqup,  vi.  800  ;  C'.  &,  C.,  Flemish  Paint- 
the  Pinks,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Altarpiece,  ers,  12!)  ;  Kramm,  ii.  404. 
Dresden  Gallery  ;  S.  Barbara  (1437),  and  a  EYCK,  NICOLAAS  VAN,  born  at  Ant- 
Madonna  (1439),  Antwerp  Museum  ;  Annun-  werp,  baptized  Feb.  9,  1017,  died  there  in 
elation,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ;  Triumph  1079.  Flemish  school  ;  military,  genre,  and 
of  the  Church,  Madrid  Museum  ;  The  Fount  battle  painter,  brother  of  Kaspar  van  Eyck, 

.  of  Salvation?   Mu-   pupil    of    Theodor    Rombouts.      Probably 

I   l^/lj  scum  of  the  Santa   several  of  his  works,  which  were  greatly  es- 

\s\     P  _^  l^^-lO-    Trinidad,    Madrid,    teemed  in  the  18th  century,  are  attributed  to 
/  — C'.  i^.  C.,  Flemish   other  masters.     Works  :  Review  of  Militia 

Painters,  30  ;  Car-  by  Mayor  of  Antwerp  (1073),  City  Hall,  Ant- 
Ion,  Les  trois  Fivrcs  Van  Eyck;  Woale,  werp;  Two  Episodes  in  Taking  of  Mechlin 
Notes  snr  Jean  van  Eyck  (Brussels,  1801) ;  in  1580  (about  1050),  Mechlin  Museum  ; 
Schopenhauer,  Johann  van  Eyck  und  seine  Equestrian  Portrait,  Lille  Museum  ;  Halt  of 
Nachfolger  (Frankfort,  1823);  Ch.  Blanc,  Soldiers  in  a  Village,  Vienna  Museum  ;  Sol- 
Kcole  flamande  ;  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  vi.  778  ;  diers  wading  through  River,  Turin  Galleiy. 
Forster,  Denkmale,  iii.  15  ;  vi.  15  ;  do.,  — Van  den  Branden,  1013. 
Gesch.,  ii.  04  ;  Immerzeol,  i.  220  ;  Kramm,  EYCKEN,  JEAN  BAPTISTS  VAN,  born 
ii.  448  ;  Michiels,  ii.  83  ;  v.  447  ;  Pucgel,  in  Brussels,  Sept.  10,  1809,  died  at  Schaer- 
Beitrage,  i.  3  ;  Sclmaasc,  viii.  103  ;  W.  \-  W.,  beck-les-Bruxelles  Dec.  19,  1853.  History 
ii.  9,  17 ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  viii.  (Mittheil-  and  genre  painter,  pupil  at  the  Brussels 
ungen,  i.  0).  Academy  of  Navez  ;  obtained  the  great  prize 

EYCK,  KASPAR  VAN,  born  at  Antwerp,  in  1835, 'visited  France  and  Italy  in  1837-39, 
baptized  Feb.  0,  1013,  died  at  Brussels  in  and  soon  after  his  return  took  rank  with  the 
1073.  Flemish  school ;  marine  painter,  pu-  foremost  artists  of  his  native  country.  His 
pil  of  Andries  van  Artvelt  ;  master  of  the  works  in  the  chapel  of  Notre  Dame  in  Brus- 
guild  at  Antwerp  in  1033.  Works  :  Vessels  \  sels  were  the  first  examples  of  monumental 
by  Fortified  Castle,  Naval  Battle  between  decoration  on  a  grand  scale  painted  in  Bel- 
Christians  and  Turks,  Meu-of-War  with  gium.  Professor  at  Brussels  Academy  in 
Rocks  in  View,  Madrid  Museum.— Van  den  1839,  member  in  1848.  Gold  medals  :  Brus- 
Branden,  1044.  j  sels,  1839  ;  Paris,  1840  ;  Order  of  Leopold, 

EYCK,  LAMBERT  VAN,  15th  century.  1847.  Works :  Holy  Women  at  Christ's 
Flemish  school.  Brother  of  Hubert  and  Jan  Tomb  (1835) ;  Young  Mother  with  her  Dead 

34 


EYLAT 


Child  (1837),  Lisieux  Museum  ;  Entomb- 
ment (1837),  Liege  Museum  ;  Divine  Mercy 
(1839)  ;  Ransom  of  Captive  Christians  (1840), 
St.  Boniface  imploring  the  Virgin  (1841), 
£glisc  de  la  Chapellc,  Brussels  ;  Descent 
from  the  Cross  (1841),  Eglise  de  Thourout, 
ib. ;  Entombment,  St.  Andrew's,  ib. ;  Christ  be- 
wailing Jerusalem  (1844),  Vatican,  Rome  ; 
Prisoner's  Wife,  St.  Cecilia's  last  Song,  Abun- 
dance, Revery  (1848) ;  Falling  Leaves  ( 184!i) : 
Studio  Scene,  National  Museum,  Amster- 
dam ;  Fourteen  Scenes  in  Christ's  Passion 
(1851),  figlise  de  la  Chapelle,  Brussels.— 
Biog.  nat.  de  Belgique,  vi.  804  ;  Immcr/cel, 
i.  230  ;  Kramni,  ii.  4(!(>. 

EYLAU,  BATTLEFIELD  OF,  Antoinc 
Jean  (!r<>.<,  Louvre,  Paris;  canvas,  H.  17  ft. 
(i  in.  x  2G  ft.  4  in. ;  signed,  dated  18(18.  Na- 
poleon visiting  the  battlefield  of  Eylau  (Feb. 
!),  1807),  before  reviewing  his  troops.  Near 
the  centre,  the  Emperor,  in  a  pelisse  of  gray 
satin  bordered  with  fur,  raises  his  hand  with 
a  gesture  indicating  grief  at  the  sight  of  the 
dead  and  wounded  around  him.  Among  his 
staff  arc,  at  right,  Soult,  Davoust,  and  Mu- 
rat ;  at  left,  Berthier,  Bessieres,  and  Cau- 
laincourt.  Kneeling  Lithuanians  implore 
his  pity.  In  background,  Eylau  in  flames, 
lines  of  French  troops  with  prisoners  defil- 
ing before  them,  and  the  dead  on  the  bat- 
tlefield partly  hidden  by  snow.  Salon,  180S. 
Gros  received  1(!,0"0  fr.  Engraved  by  Val- 
lot,  Oortman. — Villot,  Cat.  Louvre. 

EZDORF  (Etzdorf),  CHRISTIAN  (JO- 
HAN  N  CHRISTLYN  MICHAEL),  born  at 
Posneck,  Meiniugen,  Feb.  28,  1801,  died 
in  Munich  Dec.  18,  1851.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy.  Trav- 
elled extensively,  both  on  the  Continent  and 
in  England.  Studied  Ruysdael  and  Evcr- 
dingen,  and  loved  to  paint  Nature  in  her 
more  sombre  aspects.  He  was  appointed 
court-painter  to  the  Duke  of  Saxe-Mein- 
ingen,  and  member  of  Stockholm  Academy. 
Works:  Waterfall  with  Mill  (1830);  Land- 
scape with  Castle  in  Park  (1H37);  Iron 
Works  by  Waterfall  (1840),  New  Piuako- 
thek,  Munich  ;  Storm  (1841) ;  Huntsman  by 


Beech  Trees  (1842);  Karlssteg  in  Ziller  Val- 
ley (1850);  Fisherman's  Hut  on  Lake,  Laud- 
scape  with  Bathing  Girls. — Andresen,  iv. 
249  ;  Brockhaus,  vi.  407  ;  Nagler,  Mon.,  i. 

E/.EKIEL,  .lUi-lii-huKjflo,  Sistiuc  Chapel, 
Rome  ;  fresco  on  ceiling. 

E/EKIEL,  VISION  OF,  /!„{,/„„•/,  Pala//o 
I'itti,  Florence;  wood,  H.  1  ft.  4  in.  •  1  ft. 
•lehovah,  in  a  glory  of  light  and  of  seraphim, 
seated  like  Olympian  Jove  upon  an  eagle, 


Vision  of  Ezekiel,  Raphael,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence. 


the  symbol  of  St.  John,  with  a  winged  lion 

and  bull,   symbols  of  SS.   Mark  and  Luke, 

beneath  him,  and  the  angel,  symbolic  of  St. 

Matthew,  beside  him,  extends  his  arms,  up- 

held by  two  angels,  to  bless  the  world,  seen 

at  an  immeasurable  depth  below  ;  through 

the  clouds  a  ray  of  light  falls  on  E/.ekiel  and 

his  steed  in   the  distance.     Painted  about 

1  1517  for  Count  Vincenzo  Ercolani  of  Ik>- 

i  logna.     Carried  to  Paris  in  1799  ;  returned 

1  in  1815.    Copy  formerly  in  De  Launay,  then 

in  Orleans  Collection,  sold  to  Lord  Berwick 

'  for  £800;  now  at  Strattou,  seat  of  Sir  Thomas 


EZQUEllllA 


Baring.  Engraved  by  Marri,  Longhi,  Cala- 
inatta,  Larmessin,  Poilly.  — Vasari,  eel.  Mil., 
iv.  350  ;  Miintz,  51!)  ;  Passavant,  ii.  151  ; 
Gal.  (lu  Pal.  Pitti,  ii.  PL  !)3  ;  Filhol,  iii.  PI. 
187  ;  Cab.  Crozat,  i.  PI.  28  ;  Musi'e  franrais, 
I.;  Landon,  Musec,  ii.  PI.  21  ;  Malvasia,  i. 
44  ;  Perkins,  174. 

By  Tinturaftii,  Seuola  di  S.  Rocco,  Venice  ; 
oval,  on  ceiling  of  upper  room.  Heavy  and 
dead  in  colour,  but  in  some  measure  worthy 
of  the  master,  in  the  wild  and  horrible  en- 
ergy with  which  the  skeletons  are  leaping 
np  about  the  prophet. — Buskin,  Stones  of 
Venice,  iii.  347. 

E/QUEKRA,  Don  JERONIMO  ANTO- 
NIO DE,  flourished  at  beginning  of  18th 
century.  Spanish  school ;  landscape  and 
history  painter,  pupil  of  Antonio  Palomino. 
Works  :  Neptune  with  Tritons  and  Nereids, 
Museum,  Madrid  ;  Series  of  Saints,  San  Fe- 
lipe Neri,  ib. 


FABARIUS,  WILHELM,  born  at  Miilil- 
heim,  on  the  'Ruhr,  -Ian.  25,  1815. 
Landscape  and  marine  painter,  pupil 
at  Dii.sseldorf  of  A.  von  "Wille,  and  studied 
after  the  works  of  Andreas  Achenbach,  then 
in  Holland  and  Belgium  from  nature  and 
after  the  old  Dutch  masters.  Works  :  Dutch 
Herring  Fishers ;  Stranded  Three-Master 
on  Dutch  Coast;  Launching  of  Life-Boat; 
Fisherman's  Bark  wrecked  on  Norwegian 
Coast  ;  Storm  in  the  Shears  on  Swedish 
Coast.— Mtiller,  105. 

FABER,  JOHANN,  born  in  Hamburg, 
April  12,  1778,  died  there  Aug.  2,  184(5. 
Landscape  painter  ;  after  treating  biblical 
subjects  went  to  Italy,  and,  under  the  influ- 
ence of  Koch  and  Beiuhart,  turned  to  land- 
scape painting.  Works  :  Suffer  Little  Chil- 
dren to  come  unto  Me,  St.  Catharine's, 
Hamburg  ;  Capuchin  Monastery  near  Na- 
ples (1830),  National  Gallery,  Berlin.— Cat. 
Berlin  Nat.  Gal. 

FABEB  DU  FAUK,  OTTO  VON,  born  at 
Ludwigsburg,  near  Stuttgart,  June  3,  1828. 
Battle  painter,  pupil  in  Munich  of  Kotze- 


bue,  in  Paris  of  Yvon,  and  studied  also  Ver- 
net's  battlepieces  at  Versailles  ;  served  in 
the  army  until  1807.  Studio  in  Munich. 
Works  :  Lfitzow's  Riflemen  ;  Napoleon's  Re- 
treat from  Russia  ;  Hungarian  Horse  Past- 
ure ;  Battle  of  Champigny  ;  Delivery  of 
French  Cavalry  Horses  after  Sedan  (1872); 
Death  of  Ophelia,  Departure  of  Frederic  of 
the  Palatinate  from  Prague  (1874);  Attack 
of  Chasseurs  d'Afrique  ;  Equestrian  Portrait 
of  German  Crown  Prince  (1879);  Camping 
Arabs  ;  Joseph  sold  by  his  Brethren  ;  Wiir- 
temberg  llcgiment,  "  Queen  Olga,"  at  Cham- 
pigny (1883);  Ambulance  by  a  Barricade 
(1884);  Fantasia  a  la  Rencontre  de  deux 
Tribus  (1885).— Midler,  105. 

FABIUS,  CAIUS  PICTOR,  of  the  noble 
Roman  house  of  the  Fabii,  lived  about 
300  B.C.  One  of  the  few  Roman  painters 
known  to  us.  Ho  decorated  the  Temple  of 
Salus  (dedicated  302  u.c.)  with  a  mural 
painting  representing  a  buttle  won  by  the 
Dictator  C.  Junius  Brutus  Bubulcus  over 
the  Samnites  (Valor.  Maximus,  viii.  14,  0). 
This  is  the  earliest  recorded  Roman  paint- 
ing. Fabius's  style  was  marked  by  simplic- 
ity and  absence  of  mannerism.  An  excel- 
lent draughtsman,  he  combined  in  his  work 
the  clear  outlines  of  the  Old  Attic  with  the 
rich  colouring  of  the  Theban  Attic  school. 
On  account  of  his  eminence  in  his  art  his 
surname,  Pictor  (Painter),  was  given  to  a 
family  of  the  Fabia  gens,  and  borne  by  his 
descendants. — Pliny,  xxxv.  19. 

FABRE,  FRANCOIS  XAVIER,  Baron, 
born  at  Montpellier,  April  1,  1700,  died 
:  there  March  1(5,  1837.  History  painter, 
pupil  of  J.  Coustou  and  of  David,  won  grand 
prix  de  Rome  in  1787  ;  was  at  Rome  in  1793, 
and  afterwards  in  Naples  and  Florence, where 
he  became  a  professor  in  the  Academy  and 
is  said  to  have  secretly  married  the  Count- 
ess of  Albany,  after  the  death  of  Alfieri. 
He  returned  in  1820  to  Montpellier,  and 
founded  there  the  Kcole  des  Beaux  Arts, 
of  which  he  became  director.  Medal,  1808  ; 
L.  of  Honour,  1827 ;  officer,  1829 ;  cre- 
j  ated  baron,  1830.  At  his  death  he  bo- 


36 


FABRIANO 

queathed   to    the  city  the  collection  called  IV.,  which  have  :ill  perished.     Among  his 

after  him,  the  Musee  Fabre.     Works:  No-  other  works  are:  Coronation  of  the  Virgin 

optolemus  and  Ulysses  taking  from  Philoc-  with  Saints,  and  a  predella  with  live  sub- 

tetes  the  Arrows  of  Hercules,  Louvre  ;  Death  jects,  Brera,  Milan  ;  Virgin  adoring  the  In- 

of  Abel,  Holy  Family,  Death  of  Narcissus,  fant  Jesus,  hull  of  the  Pia  Casa,  and  Adora- 

Musee  Fabre,  Montpellier  ;  Portrait  of  Alii-  tion  of  the  M:i!_;i,  S.  Domenieo,  Pisa  ;  Virgin 

eri,  do.  of  Countess  of  Albany,  Ulli/.i,  Flor-  enthroned  with  Saints  and  a  Donor,  Berlin 

ence  ;  Judgment  of  Paris  ;  Death  of  Milo  ;  Museum.  — C.  A:  C.,  Italy,  iii.  '.>">,  N.  Italy,  i. 

Family  of  Kings  of  Ktruria  (1804),  Madrid  100  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil  ,  iii.  5,  15  ;  Bernascoui, 

Museum. — Villot,  Cat.  Louvre.  Studii,  51  ;  Burckhardt,  555,  588  ;  Ch.  Blanc, 

FABRIANO,  GKNTILK  DA,  born  at  Fab-  Keolc  ombrieiine  ;  Si  ret,  :!58  ;  Cibo.  Niccol;. 

riano  in  1370  (?),  died  in  Home  in  1450  (?).  Ahumo  e  la  Scuola  Umbra  (Itoina,  1872).  'JO, 

Umbrian  school.     Real  name  Gentile  di  Nic-  5:!;  Liihke.  Gcsch.  ital.  Mai.,  i.  2L'i. 

colo  di  Giovanni  Massi.     Pupil  probably  of  FABKITIUS,     JIKKNAKT,     born     about 

Allegretto  Xuzi,  who  died  when  Gentile  was  1020,  died  after  lOO'.t.      Dutch  school;  liis- 

fifteen  years  old  ;  has  been  called  both  master  fury    and    portrait    painter,   pupil   of    l{cm- 

and  pupil  of  Fra  Angelico,  but  rather  on  ac-  brand!,  whom   in   his  portraits  lie   imitated 

count  of  a  certain    superficial  resemblance  successfully;  received  into  guild  at  Leydeii 

between  them  than  from  any  real  affinity,  in  1058.      Works  :  1'ortrait  of  Young  Man 

He  left  Fabriano  some  time  before  1521  to  (1050),  Birth  of  John  Baptist  (lli(ill),  Stadel 

become  court-painter  to  Paudolfo  Malatesta,  Gallery,  Frankfort ;  Goliath  ( 1057),  Camber- 

for  whom  he  decorated  a  chapel  at  Brescia,  lyn  Collection,  Brussels;  St.  Peter  in  House 

Thence  Gentile  probably  went  to  Venice  to  of  Cornelius  <105:>i,    Brunswick    Museum; 

paint  a  fresco  of  the  battle  between  Doge  Presentation  in  the  Temple  (1008),  Copen- 

Ziani  and  Otho,  son  of  Barbarossa,  in  the  hagen  Gallery  ;  Herodias  receiving  the  Head 

Hall  of  the  Grand  Council,  Palazzo  Ducale,  of  John   the   Baptist,  Amsterdam  Museum 

destroyed  by  lire  in  1574.     Jacopo  Bellini  (under  Drost);  Bust  of  Shepherd,   Vienna 

was  his  pupil  there  and  accompanied  him  in  Academy  ;  Adoration  of  Shepherds,  Birth  of 

1422   to   Florence,   where   Gentile   painted,  John   Baptist,    Cassel   Gallery;    Portrait,  of 

the  next  year,  his  most  famous  picture,  the  Young    Man    (1050),    (?)    Old    Piuakothek, 

Adoration  of  the  Mnr/i,  now  in  the  Academy,  Munich  ;  Family  Repast  (1050),   Alchymist 

n  work  whicli  entitles  him  to  be  called  the  in   his  Laboratory,   Stockholm   Museum. 

Umbrian  Fra  Angelico.     Like  him,  Gentile  Hiegel,   Beitr.ige,  ii.   2S4  ;  Burger,  Musees, 

paints  in  the  spirit  of  the  old  school,  with  ii.  100,  170  ;  Xeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  iii.  2'.)0  ;  xvi. 

the    gay   colouring   of   tho    early  Umbrian  404  ;    Gax.    des  B.   Arts   (HS(>()),    viii.    1S(>  ; 

masters,  the  profuse  use  of  gilt  relief  orna-  (1804),  xvi.  77  ;  (Is05),  xviii.  80  ;  (1874),  \. 

meut,  and  the  somewhat  formal  system  of  40S  ;  Havard,  A.  it  A.  Holl.,  iv.  5!! ;  Jour, 

composition  peculiar  to  the  Florentines  be-  des  B.  Arts  (1808),  l:{,  27. 

fore  Masaccio  ;  but  pleasing  and  poetical  as  FABRITIUS,     KAKKL,    born    in     1021. 

the  result  is,  Gentile  shows  in  it  none  of  the  killed  Oct.  12,  1654,  by  the  explosion  of  a 

deep  mystical  fervour  of  Angelico,  and   in  powder  magazine  at  Delft,  while   painting 

this  more  nearly  resembles  Beuozzo  Go/./.oli  the  portrait  of  Simon  Decker,  sacristan  of 

than  his  master.     Among  his  other  works  the  old  church.      Dutch  school  ;   pupil  of 

Gentile  painted  a  charming  fresco  of  the  llcmbrandt  and  painter  of  the  first  order, 

Madonna  at  Orvieto   (142G),  being  on  his  especially  in  portraits.     AVorks  :  Male  Por- 

way  to  Rome.     He  remained  in  the  latter  trait,  Rotterdam  Museum  ;  do.,  Berlin  Mu- 

city  until  his  death,  and  executed  many  mas-  scum  ;  do.  (attributed),  Cologne  Museum; 

terpieces  for  Popes  Martiu  V.  and  Eugeiiius  The  Gold  Finch  (1054),  Aremberg  Gallery, 

37 


FAP.UITIUS 


ci**A 


(1865), 
ix.  441 


Brussels  ;  Portrait  (ascribed  to  Velasquez), 
Nantes  Museum  ;  Portrait  of  Young  Man, 
Writing  Master  (?), 
Old  Piuakothek, 
Munich. — Gaz.  des 
B.  Arts  (1864),  xvi. 
77  ;  xvii.  103  ; 
xviii.  80  ;  (1866),  xxi.  308  ;  (1874), 
(1877),  xvi.  281  ;  Havard,  A.  &  A. 
lioll,  iv.  43  ;  Vosmaer  (1868),  166. 

FABEITIUS,  KILIAN,  flourished  about 
1  (533-80.  German  school ;  landscape  painter, 
employed  at  the  court  of  the  Elector  John 
George  II.  of  Saxony  in  1633-80.  Works  : 
Expulsion  of  Hugar  (1650),  Stockholm  Mu- 
seum ;  Landscape,  Darmstadt  Museum  ;  do., 
Vienna  Museum  ;  Euinsof  Burg  Weisscnfels 
—Saxony,  Wiesbaden  Gallery. 

FABULLUS  (Famulus,  Famulis,  Ainu- 
lius),  Roman  painter,  about  (50  ,\.n.  Em- 
ployed to  decorate  the  Golden  House  of 
Nero  ;  also  painted  a  picture  of  Minerva. 
His  style  was  simple  and  severe.  It  was  his 
custom  to  paint  but  few  hours  in  tho  day 
and  always  to  wear  his  toga  when  at  work, 
out  of  respect  for  the  dignity  of  his  profes- 
sion.—Pliny,  xxxv.  37  [120]. 

FACCINI,  PIETEO,  born  at  Bologna  in 
1562,  died  in  1(502. 
Bolognese   school ; 
history  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Amiibale  Car- 
racci  ;    founded    a 
school    in   opposi- 
tion to  that  of  the 
Carracci,  which  was 
successful  only  a 
short  time.   Works  : 
Patron  Saints  of  Bo- 
logna, Madonna,  Bologna  Gallery ;   Virgin 
appearing    to    St.   Francis,    S.    Domcnico  ; 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Lawrence,  S.  Giovanni  in 
Monte  ;  Adoration  of  the  Magi,  S.  Mattia ; 
Madonna  and  Saints,  Marriage  of  St.  Cath- 
erine,   Dresden    Gallery. — Lanzi    (Eoscoe), 
iii.  124 ;  Nagler,  iv.  214. 

FACTOE,  PEDRO  NICOLAS,  El  Beato 
Fray,  born  in  Valencia,  June  29,  1520,  died 


there  Dec.  23,  1583.  Spanish  school.  Son 
of  a  tailor  from  Sicily  ;  became  a  Franciscan 
monk  in  1538,  and  spent  his  life  in  religious 
duties  and  in  painting  frescos  in  the  cloister 
of  S.  Maria  at  Valencia.  Chief  work  a  Ma- 
donna there,  selected  for  prize  engraving 
by  Academy  of  S.  Carlos  at  Valencia.  Canon- 
ized as  a  beato  or  saint  of  the  second  order 
by  Pius  VI.  (1786).  None  of  his  works 
known  to  exist. — Stirling,  i.  368  ;  Cean  Ber- 
mudez. 

FADENO,  IL.     See  Aleni,  Tommaso. 

FAED,  JOHN,  born  at  Burley  Mill,  Kirk- 
cudbrightshire, Scotland,  in  1820.  History 
and  genre  painter  ;  first  painted  miniatures 
with  success,  removed  to  Edinburgh  in  1841, 
where  lie  turned  his  attention  to  genre  and 
portrait  painting.  Member  of  R.  S.  A.  in 
1851.  Works :  Boyhood  (1850)  ;  Cruel 
Sisters  (1851)  ;  Cotter's  Saturday  Night 
.  (1854)  ;  Philosopher  (1855)  ;  Household 
Gods  in  Danger  (1856);  Job  and  his  Friends 
(1858)  ;  Ruth  and  Boaz  (1860)  ;  Fine  Old 
English  Gentleman  (1862)  ;  Catherine  Sey- 
ton  (18(54)  ;  Old  Age,  Stirrup  Cup  (1867)  ; 
John  Anderson  1113'  Jo  (1869)  ;  Old  Mare 
'Maggie  (1870);  After  the  Victory  (1873); 
Morning  before  Flodden  (1874)  ;  Blenheim 
(1875)  ;  In  Memoriam  (1876) ;  Goldsmith 
in  his  Study  (1877)  ;  Leisure  Hour,  Old 
Basket  Maker  (1878)  ;  Poet's  Dream  (1882). 

FAED,  THOMAS,  born  at  Burley  Mill, 
Scotland,  in  1826. 


Genre  painter,  broth- 
er and  pupil  of  John 
Faed,  and  student  of 
Edinburgh  School  of 
Design.  Became  an 
A.R.S.A.  in  1849; 
went  to  London  in 
1852  ;  was  elected  an 
A.R.A.  in  1861,  and 
E.A.  in  1864.  Ranks 
high  as  a  delineator  of  Scottish  life,  in  the 
school  of  Wilkie  ;  many  of  his  pictures  have 
been  engraved.  Works  :  Rustic  Toilet,  Mrs. 
O.  Roberts,  New  York ;  Shakespeare  and 
his  Contemporaries,  Corcoran  Gallery,  Wash- 


FAES 


ington  ;  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  his  Friends 
(1849) ;  Burns  and  Highland  Mary  (1852)  ; 
Mitherless  Bairn  (1855) ;  My  Ain  Fire-side 
(1859) ;  From  Dawn  to  Sunset  (18G1) ;  New 
Wars  to  an  Old  Soldier  (1802)  ;  Last  of  the 
Clan  (18(55)  ;  Flower  o'  Dunblane,  Jeannie 
Deans  and  the  Duke  of  Argyll  (1808)  ;  High- 
land Mother  (1870)  ;  God's  Acre  (1872); 
Violets  and  Primroses  (1874)  ;  She  never 
told  her  Love  (187(i)  ;  Runaway  Horse 
(1878);  Free  from  Care  (187!));  School' 
Board  in  the  North  (1881)  ;  The  Wakefu' 
Heart  (1883)  ;  Keeper's  Daughter,  Seeing 
them  off,  Of  what  is  the  wee  Lassie  think- 
ing? (1884).— Sandby,  ii.  348. 

FAES,  PETER  VAN  DER     Sec  /.</</. 

FAGERLIN,  FERDINAND  (JULIUS), 
born  in  Stockholm,  Feb.  5,  1825.  Genre 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Stockholm 
Academy,  then  in  Diisseldorf  of  Karl  Sohn, 
and  in  Paris  of  Couture  ;  visited  Holland, 
and  settled  in  Diisseldorf.  Member  of 
Stockholm  Academy  and  court-painter  to 
the  King  of  Sweden  in  18(i5.  Medal,  Paris, 
3d  class,  18(17.  Works  :  Young  Smokers, 
Jealousy,  Stockholm  Museum  ;  Fisherman's 
Family  (18(!2)  ;  Love  Declaration  ;  Wooing  ; 
Bachelor's  Perplexities,  Christiania  Gallery  ; 
Sick-Boom;  Rejected  Suitor;  Without  Com- 
fort ;  Old  Couple;  One  too  Many  (187!)); 
A  Deserter  (1882);  Honeymoon  (1884).— 
Mailer,  100  :  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xviii.  305  ; 
Kunst-Chronik,  xix.  54!). 

FAHLKRANTZ,  KARL  JOHANN,  born 
in  diocese  of  Stora  Tuna,  Dalecarlia,  Nov. 
29,  1774,  died  Jan.  !),  18G1.  Landscape  | 
painter,  pupil  of  P.  Ljung.  Fond  of  north- 
ern subjects.  Professor  in  1825.  Knight  of 
the  Order  of  Gustavus  Vasa.  Works : 
Scenes  from  Frithiof  Saga  ;  Views  of  Stock- 
holm ;  Christiania ;  Spam-holm  and  Bonus  ; 
Hills  of  Smedjebakken  ;  Framnas  Promon- 
tory ;  Balestrand  ;  Don  are  Waterfall.  — 
Brockhaus,  vi.  522. 

FAHRBACH,  KARL  LUDWIG,  born  at 
Heidelberg,  Dec.  10,  1835.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Ddsseldorf  Academy  under 
Schinner;  continued  his  studies,  1853,  in 


Munich,  and  afterwards  settled  in  Diissel- 
dorf. Works  :  View  in  Heidelberg  Stadt- 
wald  (1873)  ;  Landscape  in  the  Odenwald  ; 
View  near  Carlsruhe  ;  Beech-wood  in  Au- 
tumn ;  Evening  on  Trout  Brook  near  Hei- 
delberg ;  Moonrise  over  Castle  Seefeld,  Ba- 
varia.—Miiller,  100. 

FAIRMAN,  JAMES,  born  in  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  in  1K20.  Landscape  painter ; 
settled  in  the  United  States  in  earlv  youth, 
and  entered  the  National  Academv,  New 
York.  In  1H71  visited  Europe,  and  studied 
ten  years  in  the  art  schools  of  Diisseldorf, 
Paris,  and  London.  Studio  in  Chicago. 
Works  :  Sunset  in  the  Androscoggin  Valley 
-Maine  (lS(i7);  Pleasant  River  Valley'; 
Stratford  on  Avon  ;  Caernarvon  Castle — 
North  Wales;  Adieu  to  the  Land  (1SS1). 

FAISTENBEIiGEU  (Feistenberger),  AN- 
TON, born  at  Innsbruck  in  1078,  died  at 
Vienna  in  1722.  German  school ;  landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Bouritzsch,  an  obscure  ar- 
tist at  Salzburg;  painted  in  the  style  of  Gas- 
pard  Poussin,  whoso  works  lie  studied  in 
Rome.  Invited  to  Vienna  by  the  Emperor, 
who  employed  him  several  years.  Hans 
Graf  and  A.  Van  Bredael  assisted  him  in 
painting  his  figures.  Works  :  Landscape 
with  many  figures,  Travellers  attacked  by 
Robbers,  Dresden  Gallery;  others  in  Vi- 
enna and  Weimar  Museums,  Liechtenstein 
and  Vienna  Galleries.  —  Wur/.hach,  iv. 
104. 

FAISTENBERGEK,  JOSEF,  born  at 
Innsbruck  in  1084,  died  at  Vienna  in  1735. 
German  school  ;  landscape  painter,  brother 
and  pupil  of  Anton  F.,  whom  he  assisted  in 
some  of  his  works.  Was  a  skilful  imitator 
of  Salvator  Rosa.  Works  :  Ravine  (under 
Rosa),  Berlin  Museum ;  Landscape  with 
Animals  (by  Tamm),  Weimar  Museum  ; 
Mountainous  Landscape  with  Sheep,  Land- 
scape with  Shepherds  and  Herds,  Museum, 
Vienna  ;  others  in  Liechtenstein  Gallerv, 
ib. 

FAITH,  Morelto,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg ;  H.  3  ft.  4  in.  x  '2  ft.  0  in.  A  symbolic 
female  figure,  half-length,  in  red  tunic  and 


FAIVRE 

yellow  mantle,  with  a  transparent  veil  on  ]  vador,  Valencia ;  Conception,  Franciscan 
her  head,  holds  a  chalice  surmounted  by  the  .  Nuns,  Valencia  ;  Two  Altai-pieces  of  Life  of 
wafer  in  her  right  hand  and  embraces  a  St.  Benedict,  Cistercian  Monastery,  Val- 
cross  with  her  left ;  bunch  of  roses  and  !  digna ;  Pictures  of  Life  of  San  Louis  Bel- 
jessamine  in  lower  part  of  picture,  and  a  tram,  Dominicans,  Murcia. — Stirling,  1071. 
scroll.  Formerly  attributed  to  Palma  Vec-  FALCONE,  ANIELLO,  called  1'Oracolo 
chio.— C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  404  ;  Cat.  Her-  delle  Bataglie,  born  in  Naples  in  1000,  died 
nu'tage,  40.  I  there  in  1005.  Neapolitan  school,  pupil  of 

FAIVRE,  TONY,  born  at  Bcsam/on,  May  Spagnoletto  ;  became  famous  as  a  painter 
24,  1830.  Genre,  portrait,  and  decorative  of  battle  scenes,  whose  subjects  were  taken 
painter,  pupil  of  Picot  ;  visited  Italy  and  from  sacred  and  profane  history,  and  from 
(1800-02)  Russia.  Medal,  1804.  Works  :  the  poets.  During  the  insurrection  of  Ma- 
Battledore  and  Shuttlecock  (1857)  ;  Blind-  saniello,  he,  with  his  pupils  and  partisans, 
man's  Buff  (1804) ;  Idyl  (1807);  First  Hours  formed  the  Compagnia  della  Morte  (Band 
of  the  Day  (180!))  ;  Repose  of  Venus,  Fam-  of  Death),  and  massacred  many  Spaniards 
ily  Reunion  in  a  Park  (1870)  ;  The  Missive,  in  revenge  for  the  death  of  a  relative  and 
Header  (1873)  ;  On  a  Visit,  Tea/ing,  At  the  scholar  killed  by  their  soldiery.  On  the 
Bath  (1874);  In  the  Green-house  (1875)  ;' death  of  Masaniello,  Falcone  fled  to  France 
The  Secret  (1877)  ;  Good  Remedy  (1878)  ;  and  painted  in  Paris  until  about  1G50,  when 
En  Famille  (1880)  ;  Autumn  (1884)  ;  Sum-  he  was  permitted  to  return  to  Italy.  In  the 
mer  (1885). — Bellier  dc  la  Chavignerie,  i.  Naples  Museum  are  interesting  pictures  by 
530.  him  relating  to  the  revolt  of  Masaniello,  and 

FAIVRE -DUFFER,  LOUIS  STANIS-  to  the  plague  of  1050.  Other  works  in  the 
LAS,  born  at  Nancy,  April  17,  1818.  Genre  Madrid  Museum,  and  a  Fight  between  Turks 
painter,  pupil  of  Orsel ;  chiefly  known  by  and  Cavalry,  in  the  Louvre.  Falcone  was 
his  decorative  works.  He  re-stored  Phili-  the  master  of  Salvator  Rosa. — Lauzi,  ii.  50  ; 
bert  Delorme's  Diana  of  Poitiers,  a  coiling  Ch.  Blanc,  "ficole  napolitaine. 
in  the  Castle  of  Anet.  Studio  in  Paris.,  FALCONER,  ALGERIAN.  See  Algerian 
Medals:  3d  class,  1851  and  1801.  Works  :  Falconer. 

Scenes  from  lives  of  Henri  II,  of  Due  de  FALCONNETTO,  GIOVANNI  MARIA, 
Vendome,  and  of  Diana  of  Poitiers  (Castle  born  in  Verona  in  1458,  died  in  Padua  in 
of  Anet)  ;  Venus  Reposing  ;  Pomona;  Flora  ;  1534.  Neapolitan  school.  He  was  more 
Cupids  ;  Isabelle  and  the  Vase,  Weakness  !  noted  in  his  time  as  an  architect  than  as  a 
Survives  where  Strength  Succumbs  (187!))  ;  painter,  and  it  has  been  said  of  him  that  he 
Mater  Dolorosa,  A  Study  (1881)  ;  Jacques  was  overrated  as  an  architect  and  under- 
(1885).  '  rated  as  a  painter.  The  figures  in  some  of 

FALCO,  JUAN  CONCHILLOS,  born  at 
Valencia  in  1041,  died  there  May  14,  1711. 
Spanish  school  ;  history  painter,  pupil  of 
Esti'ban  March,  after  whose  death  he  studied 
in  Madrid.  On  his  return  to  his  native 
city  he  maintained  a  school  of  design  in  his 
own  house,  and  executed  many  altarpieces 
for  churches  in  Valencia  and  Murcia.  In  his  early  frescos  are  correct  neither  in  ac- 
his  later  years  he  was  paralyzed  and  blind.  \  tion  nor  in  outline,  and  without  style  in 
Works  :  Two  Pictures  of  Life  of  St.  Eloy,  draperies  ;  but  his  later  pictures,  especially 
S.  Salvador,  Madrid  ;  Two  Pictures  of  Mi-  the  religious  allegories  executed  in  1509-10 
raculous  Image  of  Christ  of  Beyrout,  S.  Sal- !  for  S.  Pietro  Martire,  Verona,  are  less  de- 

40 


FALEXS 

formed   by  mannerism,   and    show   affinity  bought  for  £4,000  at  Pereire  sale.     Etched 

with  Liberate  and  Pisano.     The  last  of  his  by  Flameng. — Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (1804),  xvi. 

life  was  devoted   to  architecture,  chiefly  at  1!)8  ;    L'.cuvre  de  Delacroix   (Paris,   18S5), 

Pavia.— C.   &   C.,    N.  Italy,  i.  4GD  ;  Burck-  48. 

Lardt,  GOG.  FALL  OF  BABEL,  Wilhelm  von    Knul- 

FALENS,  KAREL  VAN,  born  in  Ant-  /»/«•//,  New  Museum,  Berlin  ;  mural  painting, 
werp,  baptized  Nov.  24,  I(i8,'i,  died  in  Paris,  staircase  hall.  The  dispersal  of  the  nations 
May  2G,  17315.  Flemish  school  ;  painter  of  at  the  fall  of  Babel.  Nimrod,  seated  on  a 
limits  and  landscapes,  pupil  of  Constantyn  golden  throne  in  front  of  the  Tower  of  Balxl, 
Francken  ;  imitated  Wouwcrmans  with  which  is  falling  in  ruins,  with  his  wife  and 
great  success.  Went  in  1703  to  Paris  ;  made  children  and  overthrown  idols  at  his  feet, 
member  of  the  Academy  in  172li.  Works  :  defies  Jehovah,  who  is  seen  above  in  clouds, 
Rendezvous  of  Huntsmen,  Halt  of  Hunters,  surrounded  by  angels,  hurling  thunderbolts; 
Louvre  ;  Departure  of  Falconers,  Dresden  at  right,  his  servants  and  priests  deride  the 
Gallery;  Landscape  with  Horsemen,  Stock-  Almighty;  below,  the  children  of  Sheni, 
holm  Museum  ;  Winter  Landscapes  (2),  Ham,  and  Japhet  dispersing. 
Darmstadt  Mu-  j  FALL  OF  THE  DAMNED.  //»/«»,,  Mu- 
seum.—  Biog.  I  I  fi  rt  nich  Gallery  ;  wood,  H.  S  ft.  11  in.  -  (1  ft.  11 
n  at.  de  Bel-  II  '  \A  ffl/l/l  A  '"'  '"''•  Mi('hacl,  armed  with  lightning,  ac- 
gique,  vi.  802  ;  \l  I  MLAjC/'  t/l)  companied  by  angels,  hurling  the  damned 
Michiels,  ix.  ^  into  the  bottomless  abvss.  Engraved  1>\ 
34(i;  Van  den  Branden,  1209  ;  Ch.  ISlanc,  Snyderhoef,  10  12.— Smith,  ii.  G5  ;  Eastlake. 
Ecole  flamande  ;  Jal,  5(51.  Notes,  181!. 

FALGUIKRE,      JEAN      ALEXANDKE  FALL  OF  MAX,  7V/./../V//..,  Scuola  .Ii  S. 

JOSEPH,   born  in  Toulouse,  Sept.  7,  18151.  Rocco,    Venice  ;   oval,    on   ceiling   of   upper 

Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Jouft'roy  ;  began  as  room.     The    vegetation    is    rich,  but    faces 

a  sculptor,  won  the  grand  prix  de  Rome  in  coarse,    and    composition     uninteresting. — 

185'J   as    such,    and    modelled    many   tine  Ruskin,  Stones  of  Venice,  iii.  1548  ;  Ridolli, 

works.    Medal,  2d  class,  1875  ;  Mem.  of  In-  Marav.,  ii.  197. 

stitutc,  1882.  Works:  The  Wrestlers  (1874);  FALLEN  ANGELS,  Tinl-.Mtn,  Dresden 
Cain  carrying  away  Abel's  Body  (187li)  ;  Gallery;  canvas,  H.  10  ft.  5  in.  7  ft.  •'!  in. 
Susanna  (187!))  ;  Slaughter  of  a  Bull  ( 1881 ) ;  Sometimes  called  Overthrow  of  Babel.  lie- 
Fan  and  Poignard  (1882),  Luxembourg  Mu-  stored  and  relined  in  18IS8. 
seum  ;  The  Sphinx  (18815)  ;  Hylas,  Oiler-  FAME,  (,'ni,l<,  Reni,  Turin  Gallery  ;  wood. 
ing  to  Diana  (1884);  Acis  and  Galatea  H.  1  ft.  2  in.  x  1  ft.  A  winged  female  figure. 
(1885).  draped,  standing  on  one  foot  on  the  globe  of 

FALIERO,  MARINO,  DEATH  OF,  En-  the  world,  blowing  a  trumpet.     Engraved 

gene  Ihilwruir,  Sir  Richard  Wallace,  Lon-  by  Lasinio.— Gal.  di  Torino,  i.  PI.  15. 

don  ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  !)  in.  x3  ft.  '.)  in.     The  FAMULUS,  painter.     Sec  l-'uhullii*. 

body  of  the  Doge  Marino  Faliero,  condemned  FANTIN-LATOUR,     HENRI,     born     at 

to  death  for  having  conspired  against  the  Grenoble,  Jan.   11,   183<i.     Genre  and  p«r- 

Republic  of  Venice,  lies  decapitated  at  the  trait  painter,  pupil  of  Lecoq  de  Boisbaudran  ; 

foot  of  the  Staircase  of  the  Giants,  in  the  famous  for  his  portraits.     Medal,  1870  ;  2d 
Palazzo   Ducale,  Venice  ;    beside    it   stands '  class,  1875  ;  L.  of  Honour,   1879.     Works  : 

the  executioner  and  others,  and  at  the  top  Three  Studies  from  Nature  (18(!1);  Reading, 

of  the  staircase  are  many  spectators.  Painted  Fairy   (18G3);    Delacroix   and   his   Friends 
in  182G  ;  Salon  of  1827  ;  Exposition  Univer- !  (18(54);    The   Toast   (18G5);    Dead    Nature 

selle,  1855.   Sold  originally  for  1,800  francs  ;  (18GG);  The  Levee  (18G9);  A  Studio  (1870); 

41 


FA  III*  ATI 


One  End  of  a  Table  (1872);  Flowers  and 
other  objects  (1S74);  Flowers,  Birthday  of 
Berlioz  (1870);  Heading  (1877);  Last  Scene 
of  Eheingokl  (1880);  Woman  Embroidering 
(1881);  Spring  Night,  The  Study  (1884); 
Around  the  Piano  (1885). 

FAEINATI,  BATTISTA,  born  at  Verona  ' 
in  1532,  died  in  1502.  Venetian  school  ; ' 
history  painter,  nephew  and  probably  pupil 
of  Paolo  ;  was  the  fellow-student  and  friend 
of  Paolo  Veronese,  whom  he  assisted  in  his 
works  in  the  Palazzo  della  Soranza  at  Castel- 
franco,  and  in  public  buildings  in  Venice. 
Works :  Conversion  of  St.  Paul,  Miraculous 
Draught  of  Fishes,  Vicenza  Cathedral ;  The 
Virtues,  The  Studies,  Palazzo  Ducale,  Ven- 
ice ;  Frescos  in  Villa  Obizzo  at  Catajo  ; 
Holy  Family,  Lochis-Carrara  Gallery,  Ber- 
gamo. 

FARINATI,  PAOLO,  born  in  Verona  in 
1524,  died  in  1(!00.  Venetian  school.  He 
belonged  to  a  famous  Florentine  family,  the 
Farinati  degli  Uberti,  who  in  the  13th  cen- 
tury were  at  the  head  of  the  (ihibellines  of 
Florence.  Dispersed  by  the  Guelphs,  a 
branch  of  the  family  settled  in  Verona, 
where  Paolo  became  its  most  distinguished 
member.  His  first  master  was  NiccoK>  Giol- 
iiuo,  on  leaving  whom  he  is  said  to  have  gone 
to  Venice  to  stud}'  Giorgione  and  Titian  ; 
but  his  style  resembles  rather  that  of  Giulio 
Romano  than  that  of  either  of  those  masters, 
and  it  is  certain  that  he  spent  some  time  in 
Mantua,  where  lie  painted  a  St.  Martin  for 
the  chapel  of  the  Sacrament  in  the  Duomo. 
Ten  of  his  pictures  are  in  the  Museum  at 
Verona.  In  S.  Maria  in  Organo  are  four, 
of  which  the  Massacre  of  the  Innocents  is 
dated  1500,  and  in  S.  Auastasia  two,  one  of 
which,  a  Christ  between  SS.  Peter  and  Paul, 
is  dated  158'J.  In  S.  Giorgio  Maggiore  is 
the  Multiplication  of  the  Loaves,  painted  in 
1003,  when  Paolo  was  seventy-nine  years 
old.  Other  examples  of  his  work  are  in  the 
Duomo,  in  S.  Giovanni  in  Fonte,  in  S.  Pi- 
etro  in  Monasterio,  in  S.  Tommaso,  in  S. 
Nazzaro  e  Celso,  and  in  the  Palazzi  Carlotti, 
Serego,  and  Murari.  Fariuati  paiuted  much 


in  fresco.     His  son  and  pupil,  Orazio,  was 
also  a  history  painter  ;  works  in  S.  Paolo,  S. 

M.  del  Paradise, 
and  S.  Stefauo, 
Verona. — Va- 
sari,  e  d  .  Le 
Mon.,  xi.  135,  139,  249  ;  xiii.  109  ;  Bernas- 
coni,  Studij,  347  ;  Barekhardt,  192,  746  ; 
Siret,  308  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  veiiitienue. 

FARNESE,  ALESSANDRO,  Cardinal, 
portrait,  Titian,  Naples  Museum  ;  canvas, 
tigurc  to  knees,  life-size.  Painted  in  1543. 
Bust  of  same,  attributed  to  Titian,  in  Palazzo 
Corsini,  Rome. — C.  <k  C.,  Titian,  ii.  89  ;  Va- 
sari,  cd.  Mil,  vii.  44G. 

FAHNESE,  PIER'  LUIGI,  portrait,  Ti- 
tian, Palazzo  Eeale  and  Museum,  Naples  ; 
wood,  figure  to  knees,  life-size.  In  silk 
doublet  and  velvet  cap.  Painted  in  1543, 
when  Pier'  Luigi  was  Duke  of  Castro.  A 
second  portrait  in  the  Museum,  painted  in 
1540,  when  he  was  Duke  of  Parma,  repre- 
sents him  in  armour,  bareheaded,  near  a 
helmeted  soldier,  who  bears  the  standard  of 
Parma.— C.  k  C.,  Titian,  ii.  88,  130. 

FAENY,  HENRY  F.,  born  at  Eibeauville, 
Alsace,  1847.  Figure  and  genre  painter ; 
went  to  America  in  his  seventh  year.  Pupil 
of  Munkacsy  in  Dtisseldorf  and  of  Professor 
Diez  in  Munich.  Sketched  and  painted  in 
different  parts  of  Europe  in  1807-70.  Stu- 
dio in  Cincinnati.  Works  :  Silent  Guest ; 
Idyl.— Am.  Art  Rev.  (1881),  1. 

FAREEB,  HENRY,  born  in  London, 
March  23,  1843.  Landscape  and  marine 
painter  ;  self-taught.  Went  to  America  in 
1801.  Paints  in  oil  and  water-colour,  but 
is  best  known  by  his  etchings.  Has  exhib- 
ited in  London,  Paris,  and  New  York. 
Studio  in  New  York.  Works  in  oil :  Quiet 
Pool  (1878)  ;  Sunset— Gowanus  Bay  ;  Road 
to  the  Landing  (1881)  ;  Winter,  Autumn 
(1882)  ;  Now  came  Still  Evening  on  (1883) ; 
Sweet  Restful  Eve  (1884).  Water-Colours  : 
Sunset,  When  the  Silver  Habit  of  Clouds 
comes  down  upon  the  Autumn  Sun  (1884). 
—Am.  Art  Rev.  (1880),  55. 
FARREE,  THOMAS  C.,  born  in  London; 


FART'FFIXl 

contemporary.     Landscape  and  architecture  Louvro.     By  his  Ron  nnd  pupil,  Bernardino 

painter,  younger  brother  of  Henry  Farrer ;  Fasolo,  also  called  Fasola  da  1'avia,  are  piet- 

lived  several  years  in  New  York,  where  he  iires    in    the  , 

was  one  of  the  early  members  of  the  Amor-  Berlin      and    r/\rr)i  Av    DA  lAVlA 

ican  Society  of  Painters  in  Water-Colours.  Dresden  CJul-   '  *^  \r 

Studio  now  in  London.     Works:  Twilight  leries   and  in  ^v° 

on  the  Hudson  (18f>7)  ;  Beach  at  Hastings,  the  Louvre. 

English  Farm  (1871)  ;  Caernarvon    Castle,        FASSKTT,  C.   ADELE,  born  at  Owasco. 

Interior  of   St.   Mark's — Venice,   Rochester  \.  Y.,  in   ls:M.     Portrait  painter,   juipil  of 

Castle  (1K72) ;  Early  Spring  (1874)  ;  Sunset  .].  15.  Wandesforde,  English  painter  in  New 

(1875) ;  The  Brook  (1877)  ;  Yorkshire  Trout  York,    and    of   Castiglione,    La   Tour,    and 

Stream,  Coining  through  the  Lock  (1878)  ;  Matthieu   in    Paris.      Studied   in   Paris  and 

Autumn   Evening   (18711)  ;    Evening   Mists  Rome  two  years,  has  since  lived  and  painted 

(1880);  October  Evening,  Full  Moon  (1881);  in  Chicago  and    \Yashingfon.     Member  of 

Land    of   Windmills,    Evening    in   Holland  the  Chicago  Academy,  and  of  the  Woshing- 

(1882);     II    Traghetto — Venice,    Venetian  ton  Art  Club.     She  has  painted  the  port  raits 

Fishing  Boats   waiting   for   Wind,  Solitude  of    inanv    distinguished     people.       Among 

(18811)  ;  Towers  amid  the  Moonlight,  Music  them  are  :  Chief  Justice  \Vaite  ;  the  sculp- 

and  Moonlight — Venice  (1884)  ;  "Soon  as  tor   Vela,   Corcoran    Gallery.    Washington; 

the  Evening  Shades  prevail  the  Moon  takes  Mrs.   Lamb  (1878);  and  Clara  Barton  the 

up   the   wondrous   Tale,"  Morning   on   the  Philanthropist,     Her  historical  painting  of 

Northern  Coast  (1885).  The  Electoral  Commission    in  Open  Session 

FAIUTT'TNI,  FEDEPJCO,  born  at,  Sesto  contains  two  hundred  portraits. 
San    Giovanni    in    181!;!,  died   in    Milan  in        FATA     MORGANA,    George    Frederick 
1870.       History    painter.      Works:     Archi- '  ]\'<i//.-;    London.       Subject    from     Boiardo's 

tecta  presenting  to  Cardinal  Sfor/.a  a  Model  "  Orlando  Inamorato."     Nude  female  figure. 

of  the  Duomo  of   Pavia  ;  Dante  in  Youth  ;  representing  Opportunity,    Hitting   through 

Evening   on    the    Ticino  ;    Titian    and    his  the  woodland,  preceded  by  the  figure  of  a 

Daughters  in  a  Gondola  ;  Sala  del  Cambio  ;  boy,  is  caught  by  her  lloating  hair  by  a  he] 

Macchiavelli  and  C;esar  Borgia  (bSIKi,  gold  meted  and  gauntleted  knight,  seen  in  back 

medal,  Paris),  which  he  also  engraved.  ground.     Royal  Academv,  187(1, — Art  Jour- 

FASOLO,   GIANANTONIO,  born   at  Vi-  nal  (18S4),  2.' 

cenza   in    1528,    died    in    1572.       Venetian        FATTORE,  IL,  born  in  Florence  1  Iss  r.'i. 
school  ;  history  painter,  pupil  of  15.  Xolotti  died  in  Naples 

and  of  Paolo  Veronese,  whose  manner  he  /^        ^K  152S/'.'i.     I'm- 

followed.  Woi-ks  :  Pool  of  Bethesda.  S.  Hoc-  ,     JS?'    OR  brian     school. 

/    -Ji '    ^^^  f\ 
co,  Vicenza  ;  Mutius  Scsovola  before  Porsen-  '•  J^,',  ZZ$  V  Heal    name 

no,  Horatius  defending  the  Bridge,  Marcus  ^a^'-V.      ~jA  ''  '  °  v  a  "  "  ' 

Curtius  leaping  into  the  Gulf,  Prefect's  HCBI-  ,:•'>•  t  ! , ^    ,•,  Francesco 

dence,  Vieenza. — Nagler,  iv.  251.  '(*  ^  '  •         /    '  Penni,    but 

FASOLO,  LORENZO,  called  Lorenzo  da  \  (    \  ,   \V-  <•  o  m  m  o  n  1  y 

Pavia  and  Fasolo  da  Pavia,  born  at  Pavia  (?),  '' f         A\^Nv-lx "''        \^N      called  as  above 
died    at    Genoa    before    1520.      Lombard  " -.  1         because    he 

school,  master  unknown  ;  employed  by  Lo-  was  Hnphael's 

dovico  Sforza  in  1490   in  the  decoration  of  journeyman 

the  Porta  Giovia  Palace  at  Milan.     Works  :  (fattore).     Next  to  Giulio  Romano  he  was 

Deposition  from  Cross  (1508),  Church  of  S.  Raphael's    favourite    pupil,    and    they   were 

Chiara,  Chiavari ;  Family  of  the  Virgin  (1513),  joint  heirs  and  executors  of  his  art  property. 


FATTOPJ 


Penni  assisted  liis  master  in  the  Vatican  and 
in  the  Faruesina  frescos,  and  he  painted  the 
greater  part  of  the  celebrated  Cartoons  from 
Raphael's  designs.  He  made  copies  of  Raph- 
ael's Transfiguration  and  Entombment,  the 
former  of  which  is  in  the  Sciarra  Colon- 
na  Gallery,  Rome.  Raphael's  Visitation, 
Madrid  Museum,  and  Madonna  del  Passeg- 
gio,  Bridgewatcr  Gallery,  are  attributed  to 
I'enni,  after  Raphael's  designs.  His  St. 
George  and  the  Dragon  and  St.  Michael  are 
in  the  Dresden  Museum.  After  Raphael's 
death  Penni  and  Giulio  Romano  worked  to- 
gether for  a  while,  but  they  finally  separated 
and  the  former  settled  at  Naples. — Vasari, 
ed.  Le  Mon.,  viii.  241  ;  cd.  Mil.,  iv.  G43  ; 
Burckhardt,  (i(i(),  (ill,  (!78,  083  ;  Siret,  GOO ; 
Ch.  Blanc,  Keole  ombrienne  ;  Liibke,  Gesch. 
ital.  Mai.,  ii.  300. 

FATTOKI,  GIOVANNI,  Cavaliere,  born 
at  Leghorn,  Sept.  28,  1828.  Landscape, 
animal,  and  battle  painter,  pupil  of  Florence 
Academy,  where  ho  is  now  a  professor. 
Medals  at  Vienna  and  Philadelphia.  Works : 
Urunelleschi's  Plan  for  Construction  of  Cu- 
pola on  Florence  Cathedral,  Battle  of  Ma- 
genta (1859),  Florence  Academy  ;  Gleaners 
(1800);  Wounding  of  Prince  Amadeo  at 
Custozza,  Brcra,  Milan  ;  Battle  near  La  Ma- 
donna delle  Scoperte,  Leghorn  Town-Hall  ; 
Horse  Market  in  Piazza  Montanara,  Rome. 
— Miiller,  108. 

FAURE,  EUGENE,  burn  at  Seyssinet, 
near  Grenoble,  in  1822,  died  in  Paris,  Feb., 
1879.  Genre  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  in 
Paris  of  David  d' Angers  and  of  Rude  ;  went 
to  Italy  in  1849  and  studied  in  Rome,  Flor- 
ence, and  Venice  ;  settled  in  Paris  in  1851. 
Medal  in  1804  ;  second  class,  187'2.  Works : 
Landscape  (1847),  First  Steps  in  Love 
(1801),  Grenoble  Museum  ;  Dreams  of 
Youth  (1857);  Education  of  Cupid,  Ten- 
fold (1859)  ;  Confidence  (18G3)  ;  Eve  (1804), 
Due  de  Morny,  Paris  ;  The  Source  (1878)  ; 
Venus  plucking  her  Pigeons  ;  Chlo;;  with 
Kid  ;  Daphnis  and  Chloi1  leading  their 
Herds;  Male  and  Female  Portrait  (1878).— 
Kuust-Chrouik,  xiv.  525;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  C02. 


FAUST  WITH  THE  CUP,  Ary  Scheffer, 
Count  Kucheleff ;  canvas,  H.  5  ft.  3  in.  x 
3  ft.  4  in.  Faust,  hearing  the  sound  of  the 
church  bells,  sets  upon  the  table  the  cup  of 
poison  which  he  was  about  to  swallow  ;  in 
background,  the  shadow  of  Mephistopheles 
dimly  seen  in  the  smoke  of  the  lamp.  Sa- 
lon, 1858. 

FAUST  AND  MARGUERITE  IN  THE 
GARDEN,  Ary  Kch>-/>-r,  Samuel  Ashton, 
England.  The  couple,  young  and  hand- 
some, stand  in  a  natural  attitude,  expressive 
of  their  newly  awakened  love.  —  Salon, 
1840. 

FAUST  AND  MEPHISTOPHELES,  Al- 
fred Louis  Jacumin,  James  H.  Stebbins,  New 
York  ,  canvas.  Faust  seated  behind  a  table 
in  his  study  ;  Mephistopheles,  standing,  at 
left,  a  study  of  the  singer  Faure  as  he  ap- 
peared in  Gounod's  Faust  at  the  Grand  Op- 
era, Paris.  Painted  in  18(59. — Art  Treas.  of 
Amor.,  i.  101. 

FAUST  IN  HIS  STUDY,  Ary  Sche/e.r, 
Rothschild  Collection,  Paris  ;  canvas,  H.  3 
ft.  8  in.  x  2  ft.  10  in.  Instead  of  the  old  al- 
chemist of  Goethe,  the  artist  has  painted  a 
young  and  handsome  man  seated  in  his 
study  before  a  volume  at  which  he  looks 
with  a  melancholy  air  ;  behind  him,  Meph- 
istopheles,  smiling  sardonically  at  the  tor- 
ments of  his  pupil.  Salon,  1831. 

Ary  Scheffer  painted  a  series  of  subjects 
illustrating  the  Faust  legend.  For  others, 
see  Jliirywi'i/i:  Subject  also  treated  by 
Eugene  Delacroix,  Hans  Makart,  Gabriel 
Max,  Alexander  Liezen-Mayer,  and  others. 

FAUST,  HEINRICH,  born  at  Reinsdorf, 
Oct.  0,  1843.  Genre  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  George  Koch,  of  Professor  Miiller, 
and  of  the  Cassel  Academy.  Studied  under 
I  van  Lerius  in  Antwerp  ;  visited  Italy,  where 
he  was  especially  attracted  by  the  old  Vene- 
tian masters,  and  then  settled  iu  Cassel. 
Paints  in  the  style  of  Makart.  Works  :  Por- 
trait of  a  Lady  (1808);  German  Legends  ; 
Children's  Figures  ;  The  Flowers'  Revenge  ; 
Egyptian  Princess  ;  Titauia  ;  Mediiuval  Ger- 
man Lady.— Miiller,  1C9, 


FAUSTNER 


FAUSTNER,  LEONHAED,  born  in  Mu- 
nich, Feb.  1C,  1815,  died  there,  April  1, 
1884.  Architecture  and  landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Munich  Academy,  and  of  the  ani- 
mal painter  Moritz  Lost-he  ;  then  studied 
glass  painting  under  Ainmiller,  who  em- 
ployed him  in  the  royal  manufactory  of 
stained  glass,  and  after  whoso  death  he  was 
made  its  director.  His  highly  esteemed  oil 
paintings  are  mostly  in  private  collections. 
His  son  Luitpold,  burn  in  Munich,  July  10, 
1845,  is  a  good  landscape  painter,  pupil  of 
Munich  Academy  under  Piloty. — Kunst- 
Chrouik,  xix.  484. 


History  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  the  D.'is- 
seldorf  Academy  in  18IM-41,  then  studied 
three  years  in  Munich,  and  two  years  in 
Paris  under  Paul  Delaroche.  After  his  re- 
turn to  Diisseldorf  he  painted  Italian  sub- 
jects exclusively,  though  he  did  not  visit 
Italy  until  the  latter  part  of  his  life.  Works  : 
St.  Gangolfs  Well  (ls:iT);  (icnovcfa  (1K:!S); 
Samson  and  Delilah  (IKH'.I),  Cologne  Muse- 
um ;  Cleopatra  (1841);  Scene  from  Faust; 
llomeo  and  Juliet  (184(1);  Christmas,  Kunst- 
halle,  Hamburg. — Allgem.  d.  P>iogr.,  vi.  .".(Ml  ; 
Ulanckarts,  !)i) ;  Kunst-Chronik,  x.  (1U7  ;  \V. 
Miiller,  Dilsseldf.  K.,  71  ;  Wiegmann.  :i(H>. 


&&*     IB 


m/AFr*  *  A-i 


• 


jJSpBf.JSS 

L\i*$saJ®w 


^^ 


f*^' 


Feast   m   House   of  Levi  (Luke   v.   29), 


FAUVELET,  JEAN,  born  at  Bordeaux,  I 
June  19,  1819.     Genre  and  flower  painter, 

•*• 

pupil  of  Lacour  the  younger.  Has  not  ex- 
hibited  in  Salon  since  1869.  Medal,  2d  class, 
1848.  Works  :  Young  Man  Reading  (1845); 
Concert,  Two  Roses  (1847)  ;  Indifference 
(1848);  Sculptor  (1850),  Luxembourg  Muse- 
um ;DrawingTeaclier  (1852);  Garden  (1S.~>:!); 
Young  Mothers,  Two  Female  Musicians 
(1855),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Amateur, 
Fireside  (1857);  Van  Loo,  Agreeable  Doc- 
tor (1859);  Three  Ages,  Seamstress,  Guitar- 
Player  (1861);  Smoker,  Family  Meal  (1863); 
Book  of  Ruth,  Pleaders  (1864);  Karel  Du- 
jardin,  Flowers  (1865);  Prodigal  Son  (1869). 
FAY,  JOSEF,  bom  in  Cologne,  Aug.  10, 
1813,  died  in  Dusseldorf,  July  27,  1875. 


FE.YKNLEY,  THOMAS,  born  at  F.vd- 
crickshall,  Norway,  Dec.  27,  1S02  (Feb. 
1804?),  died  in  'Munich,  Jan.  16,  1SJ2. 
Landscape  painter,  trained  in  the  art-school 
at  Christian!*  (1821),  at  the  Copenhagen 
Academy,  and  under  Dahl  at  Dresden. 
Travelled  in  Italy,  Kngland,  and  Northern 
Europe,  before  settling  at  Munich  in  1SH. 
Works:  View  of  Copenhagen  (l<S2:i);  The 
Marumelf,  Justeldas  Glacier,  Duck-Shoot- 
ing on  the  Konigsee  (1H28  ;iO);  Homsdal- 
horn,  Babrofall  near  Kongsberg,  Grindcl- 
wald  Glacier  (18:(6-:t8);  Waterfall  near 
Sawmill,  View  near  Vindliellen,  (ttidvangen, 
Sorrento,  View  of  Babrofall  (18:i'.l);  Ma- 
dumsfall,  Castellamare,  Moonlight  (1840); 
G ravens  Fjord  (18^!)),  Norwegian  Land- 


45 


I'' MA  NT 


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FKAST 


II    ft.  II    in.  x  i'1'J  ft.     Chrml,  Heate.l   at    the  In  ccntrn  of  n  landwapc,  in  front  of  n  dark 

corner  of  a  lalile,  pointx  nut  In  Simnn,  Healed  .;reen   curtain,    the    Virgin,   enlhrom  <l    \\illi 

oppimitido  him,  Mary  Ma; ;diilcn.  who,  Kind  (he  ('inM.   i.    il,..ul    |.,    ),,     downed    I.-,    two 

illK,  IH  wiping   hiH   fed  with    her    hair,  after  an;;i  I •<  ,   nn    In  r  i  edit.   l'opc  .lulm-i  ||.,    uilli 

having   anointed    them;   .ludiiH,    ut,  another  prieHlH,  kneeling  ;  mi  her  left,  l'',mpci'nr  MM    i 

talile,  in  rininc;  and    Mpcakin;;  to  <  'In  i  .1  ,   the  nnlmn    I.,    with     liiiiidil-i;    vnrmui   mimlui. 

two    lalilcH,     Hpread    in    a    eirculiir     portico  ,.l     (In     i,,i  ,,,,,,     (',,,,, : ,,,,,     .,,,     „(.„,    |,IMI| 

adorned    with    colnmnn,  me    tilled    with    the  in.',  mid    all    nrc    In  in;'    crowned    will,    .    ,, 

dmciplcH   and   otheiH  ;    Hpedntoi-i    in    I  mien  Iniid.inf  I-OHCH    liv  the  Vn^m,  I|M     Child,  SI. 

IlieH  ;   above,  tuo    nn;'.  h    ill  tllii  air,  licarili;;  (Ionium        ulioKlnnd-i    In  Innd    tin    Vu.'in 

II  Hcroll.       I'ainled    alionf,    1570    7-'i  l"i  'id'.  .•  nnd     liy    an;;i  l-i.       In    Imd,  ;'i  nund.    nl     iedil. 

lory  of  (!nnvent  ..f  the  Seivil.   :.  \'.  me.    .  |n  .  me     |)lir.  r     nnd      In  i     lii.iel      I  'n  e|,  lieinn  i 
Hdited     liy    Itepnlilir   of    Venice    in     |r,i;.'i    (,,       mdn 
1,'iin-;  \\\.       It   \siin  I  lie  I'll  si 
picture  allowed   liy  the  j;ov 
l-rnineilt  lo  if'n  nut  of  Vdie 


former   lioldin;;   m    ne;.-i  d>.  .1 


. 

; 


#• 

^H*fl 

•f-  m%m: 


territory.  Kn.mivcd 
hy  V.  Iji'felivic.  Kcldii.  n. 
i.  T2'.\,  7:!0  ;  Uidnlli,  MH 
rnv.,  ii.  'J'.l;  l/midnn,  MIIH.  e, 
'2<\  Col  .  in.  I'l.  V.l  ;  Muid. 
hardl,  7  IS. 

My  1'anlii  l'<  ////...-.•<,  Turin 
Gallery  ;  cniivm,  II  Id  ft.. 
4  in.  -  I  I  ft.  '•>  in.  The 
ladle  Hpreud  m  I  lie  |>nrhco 
of  a  IIOIIHII  of  I'lllHHic  m  <ln 
I. 'Inn  from  the  lialcony 
of  which  aliovc  I  In  ee  women 
and  a  man  look  doun  ;  ad 
the  ri.dil,  end  of  the  tll|,|(,  ^,_.  . 

HitN  ChriHt,  partly  in   H!III.|.      >^.  S^Mft     ..-'.    •/  r"V    '\i~-'  /' ,^   ' 

ow,  con  venting  with  a   fe- 
male   . I  in. In,"    I.,    id.    him, 

wliiln   Mary  Ma.;daleu   linointH  llin  fed  ;   the  Inlild.      I'ainted    liy  order    of   the   (Imld   of 

diwiplcM    mid    other     jnieHln     arc     .'ronji.  d  fiermmi    Merchant-t    in    Venice;    j,m.  |,n...  d 

an  m  i  id  I  lie  till  ile,  .ludim  occupy  in;;  a  cent  nil  liy  1 1  in  Kinpcror  Kildolph  II    for   In        .  IK  . 

placd  in    front,  next,   to   a    column.        I'ninlid  at,  l'm;nie  ;   Hold  in    17^'J  liy  Kmpci  or  Jo  -..  |,li 

Illiont     I  .M,     carried    to   I'arm   in    I'. '  i .'     Iml  II.;   llciniircd  in    li'i!  liylhc  I'rcmoimtratcn 

returned    in     IS|5.        l''ormerly    in     l'ala/,/,o  nian    Al.lny   of   Hl.mliovv  lit    l'ra;;ue,  whence 

Durum,  Genoa  ;   wold  for  I OO.OOO  frmicn  liy  removed    iii    ISH.'i    lo  I'MCMIC   (Inllciy        II   i  '• 

the  MurijiiiH  |)iira//,o  lo  Kinc;  ( !hmleM  Allii  1 1,  injured     and     much     over-]  tain  ted,       '  "|'.v. 

wlio  placed  it  in  the  gallery  in  IS!IH.     Sketch  with  diaii.;cM,  l/yomi  Mn.,i  nm  ;  do.  Amlum 

III   Sloiirhead     HOIIHC,    I'in.daiid.       Kn^raved  ('nllcdion,  Vienna.      Ku;der  (Crowe),  j.   I5'.l, 

liy    MMi  Ih       I!.  ,.l.    Gall,    di   Torino,    iv.    I'l.  Kunnl.l.lafl  ( ISf.J),  2dd;  ThmiHinj;  ( Kalon).  i. 

121 ;  Kolihion.  i.  7'^ii ;  Hidolli,  Marav.,  ii.  iiS.  :i((  ;  dm.  dcH  Ii.  Artw  (ISKI ),  xxiv.  ;i7. 

FEA8T OF HOHK-GAJILANDH, Albrochl       rKDDKItSKN,  HANS  I'KTKIt.  l.nrn  at, 

Diirvr,  l'rn{rui!  Gallery  ;  niguod,  diitod  lOOIi.  WoHk'r  -  Sdinateliilll,     SchlcHwi);  -  llnUtein, 


FEDE 


May  20,  1848.  Landscape  and  animal 
painter,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  and 
of  Oswald  Achenbach,  then  of  the  Weimar 
art-school ;  visited  Poland,  Russia,  and  a 
great  portion  of  Germany,  Austria,  and  Italy. 
Works:  Russian  Horse-Herds  in  the  Steppe; 
Roman  Ghettos  ;  View  in  llomau  Campagna ; 
Horse-Herd,  Breslau  Museum  ;  In  a  Roman 
Park  (1883),  Munich  Ex.— Muller,  170. 

FEDE,  LA  (Faith),  Titian,  Palazzo  Dueale, 
Venice  ;  canvas,  figures  life-size.  Doge 
Grimani,  attended  liy  a  page  and  soldiers, 
kneeling  before  Faith,  who  stands  on  a 


La  Fede,  Titian,  Palazzo  Ducale,  Venice 

cloud  within  a  glory  of  angels,  supporting 
the  cross  with  one  hand,  and  bearing  a 
chalice  in  the  other  ;  to  left,  St.  Mark  ;  be- 
neath the  cloud  in  distance  the  Venetian 
tleet  at  anchor  and  the  Ducal  Palace  and 
Campanile.  Begun  in  1555,  but  did  not 
leave  the  studio  until  Titian's  death,  when 
it  was  finished  by  his  pupils.  Deserves  to 
rank  amongst  the  most  magnificent  and  ef- 
fective decorative  pieces  of  Titian's  later 
years  (C.  &  C.).— C.  &  C.,  Titian,  ii.  244; 
Ridolfi,  Maraviglie,  i.  209  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil., 
vii.  457  ;  Landon,  Musee,  xi.  PI.  29. 

FBI,  ALESSANDRO  DI  VICENZIO, 
called  Alessandro  del  Barbiere,  born  at 
Florence  in  1543,  died  there  in  1592.  Flor- 
entine school  ;  history  painter,  pupil  of 


Ghirlandajo,  of  Piero  Francia,  and  of  Maso 
da  San  Frediano.  He  had  a  bold  and  fer- 
tile genius,  adapted  to  the  large  historical 
frescos  he  executed,  and  in  which  he  intro- 
duced fine  architecture  and  grotesque  fig- 
ures. One  of  his  best  works  is  the  Flagel- 
lation in  Santa  Croce,  Florence. 

FEID,  JOSEF,  born  in  Vienna  in  1807. 
died  at  Weidling,  near  Vienna,  in  1870, 
Landscape  painter,  studied  in  Vienna,  and 
from  nature  in  the  Austrian  Alps.  Works  : 
Nymphs  Bathing  (1828),  View  near  the 
Schneeberg,  Wood  Landscape  (1841),  Ap- 
proaching Storm  (1847), 
Vienna  Museum  ;  Wood 
Landscape  (1853) ;  Forest 
Mill  (1855);  Attcr  Lake 
( 185(5);  Lake  of  HaUstadt, 
Gosau  Valley,  Grinding 
Mill,  Wood  Landscape 
(1857).— Allgem.  d.Biogr., 
vi.  599;  Wurzbach,  iv.  159. 
FEISTENBERGER. 

FEKE,  ROBERT,  died 
in  Bermuda,  latter  half  of 
18th  century,  aged  about 
forty-four.  Probably  born 
on  Long  Island  ;  said  to 
have  learned  to  paint  in 
Spain,  whither  he  was 
taken  as  a  prisoner.  Worked  in  Newport, 
New  York,  and  Philadelphia  (174G).  His 
portraits  are  in  Bowdoin  Collection,  Bruns- 
wick, Me.,  and  in  the  Rhode  Island  Histor- 
ical Society,  Providence.  One  of  the  best  is 
the  portrait  of  Lady  Wanton,  in  the  Red- 
wood Library,  Newport,  R.  I. 

FELIX  OF  CANTILICIO,  ST.,  Murillo, 
Seville,  canvas,  H.  9  ft.  8  in  x  G  ft.  4  in. 
The  Saint  kneeling,  with  infant  Jesus  in  his 
arms,  beholds  a  vision  of  the  Virgin,  who, 
on  clouds,  accompanied  by  three  cherubs, 
stretches  out  her  arms  to  receive  her  Son. 
Painted  about  1G7G  for  Capuchin  Convent, 
Seville.— Curtis,  230. 

FELIX,  EUGEN,  born  in  Vienna,  April 
27,  1836.  Portrait  and  genre  painter,  pu- 


FELTUE 


pil  of  Waldmitller,  then  in  Paris  of  Cogniet ; 
travelled  extensively,  and  settled  in  Vienna 
in   1868.     Works:   The   First   Friend,  Vi- ' 
enna   Museum ;    Painter's    Studio  ;    Little 
Congratulators  ;  Falconer  ;   Pun  with  Bac- 
chantes ;  Portraits  of  Professor  Rokitansky, 
of  Anton  Rubinstein,  and  of  Duke  Philii>  of  | 
Wiirtemberg. — Meyer,  Conv.  Lox.,  xviii.  MID; 
Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  viii.  (Mittheilungen,  i.  4!!). 

FELTKE.     See  Murtn  da  Feltre. 

FELU,  CHARLES,  born  in  Belgium  in 
1820.  Born  without  arms,  but  learned  to 
draw  with  his  right  foot,  and  having  made  a 
fine  sketch  in  pen  and  ink,  was  admitted  in 
1859  to  the  Antwerp  Academy,  where  he 
learned  to  paint.  Chiefly  copies  other  mas- 
ters, but  also  paints  good  portraits,  among 
which  that  of  the  actress  Victoria  Lafontaine 
is  notable.  Works:  Widow  Wadmaii  and 
Uncle  Toby,  William  Warner,  Philadelphia. 

FEMME  COUCHFiE,  Jules  Joseph  /.<•- 
ft-liure,  William  Astor,  New  York  ;  canvas. 
H.  5  ft.  x  10  ft.  Female  figure,  full-length, 
nude,  lying,  with  back  to  the  spectator, 
upon  crimson  cushions,  the  head  resting 
upon  the  left  hand  ;  only  the  profile  of  the 
face  is  seen,  as  she  glances  towards  a  per- 
fume-burner near  her  feet.  — Art  Treasures 
of  America,  ii.  70. 

By  Jules  Joseph  Lefebvre,  Alexandra  Du- 
mas, Paris  ;  canvas.  Female  figure,  full- 
length,  nude,  lying,  on  right  side,  front  to 
spectator,  on  cushions  covered  with  drapery, 
the  right  hand  doubled  up  under  the  chin, 
the  left  extended  along  the  back  of  the 
lounge.  Painted  in  18(J5.  Study  in  col- 
our (12  in.  x  18  in.),  John  Wolfe,  New  York. 
— Art  Treasures  of  America,  ii.  54,  5f>. 

FENDI,  PETER,  born  in  Vienna,.Hcr.t. 
4,  1790,  died  there,  Aug.  28,  1842.  History, 
genre,  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  the  Vi- 
enna Academy  under  Fischer,  Haubert, 
Maurer,  and  Lampi  ;  visited  Venice  in  1821, 
and  received  the  gold  medal  for  his  view  of 
the  Grotto  of  Corgnole  near  Trieste.  Works: 
Archduke  Ferdinand  and  Philippine  Welser; 
Eginliard  and  Emma  ;  Girl  in  front  of  Lot- 
tery Shop  (1829),  Vienna  Museum  ;  Officer's 


Widow  ;  Seizures  ;  Cloister  with  Worship- 
pers ;  Girl  at  Post-Office  ;  Inundation  Scene  ; 
Emperor  Francis  and  the  Sentry  ;  Poor 
Fiddler  ;  Christmas  Eve  ;  Milkmaid  ;  Morn- 
ing Prayer  ;  Portrait  Group  of  Imperial 
Family  (1K:!4). — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  vi.  CIS. 

FERABOSCO  (Foraboseo),  (ilROLAMO, 
born  at  Padua,  flourished  in  Venice  about 
Ki.'iO-IKI.  Venetian  school  ;  history  and 
portrait  painter,  considered  one  of  the  best 
Venetian  artists  of  his  time.  Especially  ex- 
celled in  portraits.  Works:  Young  Woman 
sei/ed  by  the  Hand  of  Death,  Dresden 
Gallery;  David,  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  Vi- 
enna.— Ltui/.i  (Roseoe),  ii.  252. 

FEPiG,  FRAN/  DE  PAULA,  born  in  Vi- 
enna, May  2,  KJS'.l,  died  in  London  in  17 Id. 
German  school;  genre;  and  landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Joseph  Orient  and  Hans  Graf.  Went 
to  Dresden  in  1718  and  to  London  in  1724. 
'Works:  Two  Italian  Market  Scenes,  Vienna 
Museum;  Towerlike  Buildings  with  Bridge, 
Ruins  with  Bridge  and  Figures,  Buildings 
on  Lake  with  Figures,  Landscape  \\itli 
Bridge,  Landscape  with  Figures,  all  in 
Dresden  Gallery;  Marine,  Cassel  Gallerv  ; 
Four  Seasons,  Market  Scene,  Rural  Fea^f, 
'Brunswick  Museum  ;  Landscapes  with  Itnins 
and  Figures  (2),  Market  Scenes  (2).  Knnst- 
'  hallo,  Hamburg. — Allgem.  d.  Miogr.,  \i. 
711;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  allemande ;  Wnrz- 
bach,  iv.  184. 

FERGUSON,  HENRY  A.,  born  at  Glens 
Falls,  X.  Y.,  Jan.  14,  1S42.  Landscape  and 
architecture  painter,  studied  in  Paris  and 
Rome  (1K7(!-7H),  having  previously  spent 
three  years  in  Chili  (1S7D  7:i),  where  In- 
painted  local  scenery  with  success.  Went 
from  Venice  to  Egypt  in  1S7K,  returned  to 
New  York  in  1S7!»,  visited  Mexico  in  11SS1, 
and  Europe  again  in  18K4.  Elected  A.N.A. 
in  1885.  Studio  in  New  York.  Works: 
Baths  of  Caucanies  (1H7M),  replica,  Lake 
Aculeo,  View  on  Doule  River — Ecuador ; 
Morning  in  Peruvian  Andes  (1K74)  ;  Street 
of  Bab-el-Nasr — Cairo,  Chimborazo,  En- 
trance to  Rug  Bazaar — Cairo  (1H80);  Dogana 
and  Ducal  Palace— Venice  (1882),  Mrs.  T.  A. 


49 


FERXAXDEZ 

Walker;  Peaks  of  Illoniza  (1882) ;  River  and  FERNBACH,  FRANZ  XAVER,  born  at 
Peak  of  Orizaba — Mexico,  Franconia  Val-  Waldkirch,  near  Freiburg,  Breisgau,  in 
ley  (1884)  ;  Interior  of  St.  Mark's— Venice, j  1793,  died  in  Munich  in  1851.  History 
Mosque  of  Mohammed  All — Cairo  (1885).  painter,  pupil  of  the  Munich  Academy  ;  in- 
FERNANDEZ,  YASCO,  commonly  known  !  ventor  of  a  process  of  encaustic  painting, 
as  Gran  or  Grao  Vasco  (Vasco  the  Great),  used  by  Julius  Schnorr,  in  decorating  the 
born  at  Vizeu,  Portugal,  in  1552.  History  great  hall  of  the  royal  palace  at  Munich. — 
painter,  sou  of  Francisco  F. ;  flourished  dur-  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  vi.  713  ;  Meyer,  Conv. 
ing  the  reign  of  Dom  Sebastian,  and,  ac-  Lex.,  vi.  703. 
cording  to  Portuguese  testimony,  was  one  FERON,  FIRMIN  ELOI,  born  in  Paris, 


of  the  greatest  painters  that  ever  lived. 
Said  to  have  followed  the  school  of  Perugi- 
no,  but  seems  rather  to  have  formed  hini- 


Dec.  1,  1802,  died  at  Conflans-Sainte-Ho- 
norine  (Seine-et-Oise)  in  187G.  History 
painter,  pupil  of  Gros  and  of  l5cole  des 


self  under  the  influence  of  Albrecht  Diirer.  ,  Beaux  Arts,  where  in  1823  he  obtained  the 
He  lias  been  variously  cited  as  Ferdinand  second  and  in  1825  the  grand  prix  de  Rome  ; 
de  Yi/eu,  Fernandez  Yasco  do  Cazal,  Gran  '  returned  to  Paris  in  1833.  Medal,  1st  class, 
Yasco  de  Vizeu,  and  Yasco  Pereira.  Works  :  1835  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1841.  Works  :  Damon 
Calvary,  Pentecost,  St.  Peter,  Baptism  of  and  Pythias  (1825)  ;  Hannibal  crossing  the 
Christ,  Martyrdom  of  St.  Sebastian,  Thirteen  Alps  (1833),  Marseilles  Museum  ;  The  King's 
Half-figures  of  Saints,  Yi/eu  Cathedral. —  i  Promenade  at  Pierrefonds  (1833)  ;  Raising 
The  Christ  on  the  Cross  in  the  Misericordia  i  of  Lazarus  (1835)  ;  Entry  of  Charles  VIII. 
at  Oporto,  attributed  to  Holbein,  is  also  into  Naples  in  1495,  Skirmish  near  Giinters- 
probably  by  him. — Raczynski,  Les  Arts  en  dorf,  1805  (1837),  Battle  at  Foruoue  in 
Portugal,  117-190,  297-308,  3G5-374,  399,  1495  (1838),  Conquest  of  Rhodes  in  1310 
487,  505.  '  (1840),  Battle  of  Arsur  in  1191  (1844),  Bat- 

FERNANDO,  DON,  brother  of  Philip  tie  of  Putaha,  1159,  Battle  of  Hauau,  1813, 
IV.,  portrait,  I'clasqnez,  Madrid  Museum;  Portraits  of  Bertrand  du  Guesclin  (1835), 
canvas,  H.  G  ft.  3  in.  x  3  ft.  G  in.  About  of  Marshals  Raiz,  Loliuac,  Praslin,  Noailles, 
nineteen  years  old,  full-length,  standing,  in  of  Counts  Montgomery  and  d'Olivarez,  of 
hunting  costume,  holding  a  gun  with  both  Henri  de  Lorraine  II.,  Due  de  Guise,  Ver- 
hands  ;  a  dog  seated  before  him  ;  landscape  sailles  Museum  ;  Funeral  of  General  Kleber 
background.  Painted  about  1G35  ;  second  (1843),  Strassburg  Museum  ;  Victorious 
manner.  Etched  by  F.  Goya;  B.  Maura;  Gladiator  dying  iu  the  Arena,  Soldier  of 
J.  J.  Martinez  ;  C.  Alabern  ;  Guerard  ;  J.  Pompey,  Arras  Museum. — Bellier  de  la 
Burnet. — Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  espagnole  ;  Gal.  Chaviguerie,  i.  544. 
Esp. ;  Curtis,  GO  ;  Madrazo,  615.  FERRAMOLA,  FLORIANO  (Fioravante), 

FERNANDO,  SAN,  Mitrillo,  Madrid  Mu-  !  born  latter  half  15th  century,  died  in  Bres- 
seum  ;  canvas,  H.  1  ft.  11  in.  x  1  ft.  3  in.  cia,  July  3,  1528.  Venetian  school.  While 
About  thirty-five  years  old,  three  quarters  Brescia  was  being  sacked  by  Gaston  de 
left,  wearing  armour  and  an  ermine  mantle,  Foix  (1512)  he  worked  on  regardless  of  the 
kneels  with  hands  joined  in  prayer  ;  above,  assault  until  he  was  surprised  by  the  plun- 
two  cherubs  draw  aside  a  red  curtain  ;  a  derers  at  his  easel.  Gaston  compensated 
crown  and  sceptre  on  a  red  cushion  beside  him  for  his  losses  and  ordered  a  portrait  of 
him.  Probably  painted  about  the  time  of  himself.  Among  Ferramola's  few  extant 
the  canonization  of  King  Ferdinand  in  1G71.  pictures,  frescos,  dated  1514,  and  parts  of 
Engraved  by  M.  S.  Carmona,  L.  F.  Noseret;  an  organ  screen  (1518)  in  S.  M.  di  Lovere, 
lithographed  by  A.  G.  Vilamil. — Curtis,  !  frescos  in  Casa  Borgondio,  Brescia,  and  a 
232  ;  Madrazo,  480.  j  Christ  carrying  his  Cross  in  the  Tosi  Collec- 


FERRARA 

tion,  Brescia,  are  characteristic  specimens,  j  used  colour  harmoniously,  especially  in  his 
They  show  that  he  was  educated  under  the  frescos,  but  lit-  was  ;it  times  capricious 
influence  of  Foppa,  Costa,  and  Francia,  and  and  extravagant,  and  his  conipo.sitions  arc 
hardly  suggest  that  he  was  a  contemporary  often  overcrowded  and  wanting  in  beauty 
of  Titian  and  Pordenone.— C.  A  C.,  X.  Italy,  of  arrangement.  He  painted  many  works 
ii.  362  ;  Vasari,  xi.  263,  N.  2.  ;  Lubke,  GescL  at  Varallo,  in  1504,  1513,  1524,  and  1531, 


ital.  Mai.,  ii.  607. 


the  earliest  of  which  are  in  S.  M.  di  Loreto, 


FERRARA,  ERCOLE  DA.     See  Grumli.  and  S.  Marco,  the  best  in  S.  M.  dclle  Gra/ie, 

FERItAllA,  LODOVICO  DA.     See  J//r>  '  where  he  decorated  the  choir  with   scenes 

zolino,  Lodovico.  from  the  Passion,  and  painted  the   Prcsen- 

FERRARI,    DEFEXDEXTE   DE,   Hour-  tat  ion    in    the  Temple,   Christ   among   the 

ished   at   Chivasso   first  half  Kith   century.  Doctors,   and   other   subjects   in  chain-Is  at 

Lombard  school;   history  painter,  perhaps  the  Sacro  Monte.     In  1511!  he  went  to  Rome 

pupil   of    Macrino   d'Alba.     Works:    Altar-  and  is  said  to  have  worked  in  the  Farnesina 

pieces  (1519-21),  Cathedral  of  Ivrea ;  Christ  with  Raphael,  after  whose  death  he  was  as- 

iii  the  Temple  (152G),   Stuttgart  Gallery;  sociated  with  Giulio  Romauo  and  Perino  del 

Altai-piece  (153(1),  Marriage  of  St.  Catherine,  Vaga.     Other  frescos  by  Ferrari  may  be  seen 

Altai-piece   in   several   compartments,  Turin  in  the  Brera,   Milan,   and    in   the  Pilgrims' 

Gallery  ;  Nativity  with  Saints  (1531),  Church  Church   at   Saronno,  where    he   painted    in 

of  Ranverso  ;  Pieta,  Cathedral  of  Chivasso  ;  1534,  as  also  a  Flagellation  in  S.  M.  delle 

Adoration  of  Shepherds,  Bergamo  Gallery  ;  Gra/ie,  Milan.     His  last   fresco  (1542)  is  in 

St.   Catherine,   Princess   Charles    of    Darm-  S.  Giuliano,  on  an  island  in  the  Lago  d'Orta. 

stadt. — Morelli   (Richter),  413;  Turin  Gal.  Among  his  pictures  are  the  Baptism  of  Christ, 

Cat.;  Lubke,  Geseh.  ital.  Mai.,  i.  505.  S.  Celso,  Milan  ;  Martyrdom  of  S.  Catherine, 

FERRARI,  FRAXCESCO  BIAXCHI,  Brera,  Milan  ;  Christ  bearing  the  Cross,  Ca- 
called  II  Frari,  born  at  Modena  (?)  in  1447,  nobbio  ;  Lnxl.  Supper  (1543,  unfinished),  S. 
died  there,  Feb.  H,  1510.  Modcnese  school ;  M.  della  Passione,  Milan  ;  S.  Peter  and  Do- 
history  painter,  enjoyed  great  reputation  in  nor,  Entombment,  Turin  Gallery,  Madonna, 
Modena,  where  some  excellent  works  of  his  Oldenburg  Gallery;  St.  George,  and  St. 
are  still  to  be  found.  Supposed  to  have  Anthony  of  Padua,  Historical  Society.  Xe\v 
been  Correggio's  first  master.  Works:  York. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  (!52  ;  vi.  518; 
Madonna  enthroned  with  Angels  and  Saints,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  vi.  5S  ;  viii.  248;  xi.  275; 
Louvre;  Annunciation  (1510,  finished  by  Burekhardt,  705;  Lan/.i,  i.  3!>'.l  ;  ii.  4!lti  ; 
Scaccieri  in  1512),  Modena  Gallery. — Ch.  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  milanaisc  ;  Liibke,  Gesch. 
Blanc,  Ecole  lombarde  ;  C.  &  C.,  X.  Italy,  '  ital.  Mai,  ii.  4(il. 
i.  373  ;  Lanzi  (Roscoe),  ii.  346.  FERHAHI,  GIOVANNI  AXDREA  DE. 

FERRARI,  GAUDEXZIO,  born   at  Val-  born  in  Genoa  in  15!)S,  died  there  in  166!l. 
duggia  in  1481,  died  in  Milan  in  1546  or '  Genoese  school ;  pupil  of  Bernardo  Castello 

1547.      Lombard-Milanese   school.      Called  and  of  Bernardo  Strozzi.     Won  reputation 

by   Vasari    Gaudenzio    Milanese  ;    asserted  as  an  historical  and  portrait  painter  ;  many 

pupil  of  Stefano  Scotto,   Girolamo  Giove-  works  in  the  churches  and  palaces  of  Genoa. 

none,  and  Perugino,  whose  influence  is  un-  Became  an  ecclesiastic  in  old  age.     Was  an 

mistakable    in    Gaudenzio's  fine  altarpiece  able  teacher  and  the  master  of  Benedetto 

(1514-15)    in   S.   Gaudenzio,    Xovara.     Af-  Castiglione,  Valerio  Castello,  and  Carbone. 

fected  also  by  Raphael,  whose  fellow-student  — Lanzi,  iii.  267  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  l^cole  geuoise  ; 

he  had  been,  and  by  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  his  Burckhardt,  77!). 

later  style  acquired  life  and  energy.      He       FERRARI,  GIULIO  CESARE,   born  at 

had  considerable  power  of  expression,  and  Bologna   in    1818.      History   and    portrait 

51 


FERTIAFJ 


painter,  professor  at,  Bologna  Academy,  won 
several  medals.  Works  :  Tusso  reading  his 
I'oem  to  Leonora;  Daughter  of  Jephtha  ; 
The  brazen  Serpent. 

FERRARI,  GREGORIO  DE',  born  at 
I'orto  Mauri/io  in  1044,  died  at  Genoa  in 
1720.  Genoese  school  ;  history  painter, 
pupil  of  II  Sarzana  ;  studied  in  Parma 
works  of  Correggio.  whom  he  imitated  suc- 
cessfully ;  was  much  employed  iu  (lenoa, 
Turin,  and  Marseilles.  Works  :  Apollo  and 
the  Muses,  Plato  and  Aristotle  with  their 
Scholars,  Genoa  University  ;  St.  Michael,  in 
Madonna  delle  Vigne,  Genoa  ;  others  in  Pa- 
lazzo Ualbi,  (  ieuoa.  His  son,  Lorenzo  (KiSO- 
1744),  wasa  still  better  imitator  of  Correggio, 
and  excelled  in  fresco  ;  works  in  Palazzo 
Doria,  Palazzo  Caregi,  and  in  churches, 
Genoa.  —  Ch.  Blanc,  I 


(lloscoe),  iii.  2.r>S,  281 


cole  gcnoisc  ;    Lanzi 
Nagler,  iv.  291. 
FERRARI,  LUCA,  called  Luca  da  lleg- 

gio,  born  at 
R e  g g i o ,  in 
16(13,  died  at 
Padua  in  1652. 
A"  e  n  e  t  i  a  n 
school;  h  i  s- 
tory  painter, 
pupil  of  Guido 
Reni;  lived  and 
taught  in  Pad- 

;,'  ua,  among  his 

pupils  being  Minorello  and  Circ'llo.  Works  : 
Pieta,  S.  Antonio,  Padua;  The  Plague  (1630), 
The  Dominicans,  Padua;  Magdalen,  Death 
of  Cleopatra,  Tomyris  with  the  Head  of  Cy- 
rus, Estense  Gallery,  Modcna ;  Painting 
crowned  by  Fame,  Bordeaux  Museum. — 
Lanzi  (Roscoe),  ii.  267,  363. 

FERRETTI,  GIOVANNI  DOMENICO, 
called  da  Imola,  born  at  Florence  in  1692. 
Florentine  school ;  history  painter,  pupil  of 
Giovanni  Gioseffo  del  Sole;  painted  mostly  for 
the  churches  and  palaces  of  Florence,  Pisa, 
Leghorn,  Siena,  Pistoja,  and  Imola.  Among 
his  best  works  are  a  Martyrdom  of  St.  Bar- 
tholomew in  S.  Bartolommeo,  Pisa,  and  the 
cupola  painting  in  S.  Filippo  Neri,  Pistoja. 


FERRI,  GIRO,  born  in  Rome  in  1G34; 
died  there,  Sept.  13,  1G89.  Roman  school;  his- 

tory  painter, 
pupil  of  Pietro 
da  Cor  ton  a, 
whose  style  he 
imitated  so 
closely  that  it 
is  difficult  to 
distinguish 
his  work  from 
that  of  his  mas- 
ter. He  fin- 
ished Cortona's  frescos  in  the  Palazzo 
1'itti,  Florence,  and  other  uncompleted 
works  in  Rome.  His  best  original  works 
are  the  ceiling  of  the  Annunziata,  baroque 
style,  and  the  cupola  of  S.  Agnesc  in  the 
Piazza  Navona,  Rome,  which  he  left  unfin- 
ished at  his  death.  Works  :  Repose  in 
Egypt,  Madonna  with  St.  Martina,  Old  Pin- 
akothck,  Munich  ;  Christ  appearing  to  Mag- 
dalen, Vienna  Museum  ;  Marriage  of  the 
Virgin,  Amsterdam  Museum;  Rape  of  Helen, 
Darmstadt  Museum  ;  St.  Theresa,  Oldenburg 
Gallery  ;  David  and  Saul,  Copenhagen  Gal- 
lery ;  Christ  on  the  Cross,  Alexander  reading 
Homer,  Artist's  portrait,  Uflizi,  Florence  ; 
Coriolanus  and  his  Family,  Roman  War- 
rior, Estense  Gallery,  Modena  ;  Vision  of  St. 
Catherine  of  Siena,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg ;  Triumph  of  Bacchus,  Hampton  Court. 
—  Lanzi,  i.  498  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  ficole  ombri- 
enne  ;  Burckhardt,  149,  708. 

FERRIER,  (JOSEPH  MARIE  AUGUS- 
TFN)  GABRIEL,  born  at  Nimes,  Sept.  29, 
1847.  French  school  ;  history  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Lecoq  de  Boisbaudran  ; 
won  grand  prix  de  Rome  in  1872.  Medals  : 
2d  class,  1876  ;  1st  class,  1878  ;  L.  of  Hon- 


our,  1884.  Works  :  Greek  Improviser,  B.C. 
30  (1872);  Abduction  of  Ganymede  (1875); 
David  Conqueror  of  Goliath,  Nimes  Museum  ; 
David  and  Bathsheba  (1876),  Martyrdom  of 


FESELEN 


ft* 

\Q  ( 
'  J  ^ 


St.  Agnes  (1878),  Judith,  Rouen  Museum  ; 
Inquisition  in  Spain  (187!))  ;  Salammbo 
(1880);  Springtime  (1881);  "Hail  King  of 
the  Jews"  (1882);  Guardian  Angel  (1885). 
—Mailer,  172. 

FESELEN,  MELCHTOR,  born  at  Passau, 
died  in  Ingolstadt,  April  10,  1538.  German 
school ;  history  paintei',  evidently  influenced 
in  his  later  pictures  by  Albrecht  Altdorfer, 
his  contemporary.  Works :  Crucifixion, 
Darmstadt  Museum  ;  Porsenna  besieging 
Rome  (1529),  Cicsar  besieging  Alesia  (1533), 
Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Adoration  of  the 
Magi  (1531),  Nuremberg  Museum  ;  Mary  of 
Egypt  (1523),  Historical  Society,  Ratisbon  ; 
Crucifixion,  Be- 
heading of  St.  Bar- 
bara,  Church  of 
Our  Lady,  Ingol- 
stadt.— Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  vi.  723  ;  W.  ,t  W.,  ii.  418. 

FETI,  DOMKNICO,  born  in  Rome  in 
15N1),  died  in 
Venice  in  1624. 
Roman  school  ; 
pupil  of  Cigoli 
in  F  1  o  r  e  n  c  e  ; 
afterwards  went 
to  Mantua,  stud- 
ied w o  r  k  s  of 
Giulio  Romano, 
and  was  m  a  d  e 
court-painter 
there  by  Duke 
Ferdinando  Gonzaga,  whence  sometimes 
called  II  Mantovano.  Painted  many  small 
pictures,  chiefly  Bible  subjects,  vigorous  in 
colour  and  good  in  execution.  Works : 
David  with  Head  of  Goliath,  Martyrdom  of 
St.  Agnes,  Return  of  the  Prodigal,  Good 
Samaritan,  and  7  others,  Dresden  Gallery  ; 
Ecce  Homo,  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich ; 
Market-Place,  Flight  into  Egypt,  Lcander, 
Moses  and  the  Burning  Bush,  Marriage  of 
St.  Catherine,  Triumph  of  Galatea,  St.  Mar- 
garet, Vienna  Museum  ;  David  and  Goliath, 
Dsodalus  and  Icarus,  Adoration  of  Shepherds, 
Tobias  healing  his  Father,  Conception,  Her- 


mitage,  St,  Petersburg  ;  Visitation,  Flight 
into  Egypt,  Stiidel  Gallery,  Frankfort ;  Ex- 
pulsion of  Hagar,  Return  of  Prodigal,  Bruns- 
wick Museum  ;  Elijah  in  Wilderness,  Berlin 
Museum ;  Magdalen  Penitent,  Oldenburg 
Gallery;  Sleeping  Girl,  Buda-Pesth  Gal- 
lery ;  Meditation,  Venice,  Academy  ;  Arte- 
misia, L'fti/i,  Florence  ;  Lost  Coin,  Labourers 
in  the  Vineyard,  Palazzo  Pitti,  ib.;  Christ  in 
Garden,  Christ  and  Pilate,  Crowning  with 
Thorns,  Entombment,  Palaz/o  Corsini,  ib. ; 
Nero,  Rural  Life,  Melancholy,  Guardian  An- 
gel, Louvre,  Paris  ;  Beheading  of  John  Bap- 
list.  National 
Gallery,  Edin- 
burgh ;  David 
with  Head  of 
Goliath,  Hamp- 
ton Court.- -  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  ombrienne  ; 
Burckhardt,  7!)3,  Kill)  :  Seguier,  CS. 

FEUERBACH,  ANSELM.  b..rnat  Speyer, 
Sept.  12,  1K2!>,  died 
in  Ven  ice,  Jan.  I, 
ISSlt.  History 
painter,  pupil  of 
Diisseldorf  Academy 
under  Schadow,  then 
in  Munich  under 
Ha  111  and  Genelli  ; 
having  frei|iientei] 
the  Antwerj)  Acail  - 
emy  in  IS  50,  he 
studied  in  Paris 

under  Couture  in  1S51-52,  went  to  Carls- 
ruhe  in  1H53,  to  Venice  in  1854,  and  to 
Rome  in  185(!  ;  was  appointed  professor  at 
the  Vienna  Academy  in  1873  ;  decorated  the 
ceiling  of  the  Museum  of  Casts  with  a  fresco 
of  the  Titans.  Works  :  Death  of  PictroAre- 
tino  (1853)  ;  Silenus  with  Young  Bacchus 
and  two  Satyrs,  Poetry  (1854),  Dante  with 
the  Ladies  of  Ravenna  (1857),  Carlsruho 
Gallery  ;  Iphigenia  (18(il) ;  Francesca  da 
Rimini  and  Paolo  (1861),  Pieta  (18(12),  Ari- 
osto  with  Ladies  in  Ferrara  (18(i3),  Petrarch 
seeing  Laura  in  Church  (1864),  Singing  Boy 
and  Girl  overheard  by  Nymph,  Madonna 
with  Angels,  Group  of  Bathing  Children 


63 


FEYEX 


(18(55),  Hafiz  at,  the  Fountain,  Idyl  from 
Tivoli,  Roman  Family  Scene,  Portrait  of 
Nanna,  Schack  Gallery,  Munich ;  Medea 
preparing  for  Flight  (1870),  New  Pinako- 
thek,  ib. ;  Medea  brooding  over  Infanticide 
(1871)  ;  Boys  and  Dryad  (1805),  Medea 
mourning  over  the  Urn  (1873)  ;  Banquet  of 
Plato  (18(57);  Orpheus  and  Eurydice  (1870); 
Iphigeniii  (1871),  Stuttgart  Gallery  ;  Gyp- 
sies dancing  in  the  Woods,  Judgment  of 
Paris  (1870),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Battle 
of  Amazons  (1872);  Romeo  and  Juliet ;  Mel- 
ancholy ;  Prometheus ;  Banquet  of  Plato 
(1873);  Concert  of  Venetian  Girls  (1879). 
— Brockhaus,  vi.  751  ;  Graph.  K.,  iii.  1  ; 
Kunst-Clmmik,  xv.  238;  xvii.  393,  429, 
459  ;  Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1880),  i.  88  ;  ii.  504  ; 
N.  illustr.  Zeitg.  (1880),  i.  250  ;  Schack, 
Meinc  Geniiildcsammlung,  95;  Zeitschr.  f. 
b.  K,  viii.  1G1. 

FEYEN,  EUGENE,  born  at  Bey-sur- 
Seille  (Meurthe),  Nov.  13,  1815.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  of  P.  Delaroche  ;  paints  fish- 
ermen in  a  very  attractive  way.  Medals  : 
18(i(5 ;  2d  class,  1880  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1881. 
Works :  Street  Musicians,  Promenade  in 
the  Park  (1860) ;  Souvenirs,  Idyl  on  a  Wall 
(18G8);  Gleaners  of  the  Sea  (1872),  Luxem- 
bourg Museum  ;  Oyster-Fishing  at  Caucale, 
Bull-Head  Fish,  On  the  Shore  (1874);  Res- 
cued Child,  Fisherman's  Return  (1879);  Can- 
cale  Fishwives  returning  in  a  Boat,  Nurse 
Asleep  (1880);  Fishing  on  Foot  for  Oysters, 
Fishermen's  Departure  (1881);  Harvesters 
Resting,  Low  Tide  (1882);  Fishing,  Repair- 
ing the  Nets  (1883);  Departure  for  Fishing, 
Fisherman's  Wife  (1884);  Before  the  Storm, 
Bay  of  Caucale  (1885). 

FEYEN-PERRIN,  (FRANCOIS  NICO 
LAS)  AUGUSTIN,  born  at  Bey-sur-Seille  in 
1829.  Genre  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of 
L.  Cogniet  and  Yvon.  Medals  :  1 8(55  ;  18G7 ; 
3d  class,  1874  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1878.  Works  : 
Return  to  the  Cottage  (1855);  Charon's  Boat 
(1857),  Nancy  Museum ;  Dante's  Circle  of 
the  Voluptuous  (1859);  Venetian  Festival 
(1861);  The  Muse  of  Beranger  (1863),  Dr. 
Velpeau's  Lesson  in  Anatomy,  On  the  Beach 


(1864);  The  Elegy,   Finding   the   Body  of 
Charles  the  Bold  after  the  Battle  of  Nancy 

(1865)  ;  Women 
of  Batz  Island 
waiting  for  the 
Ferry  (1866)  ; 
Woman  winnow- 
ing Grain  (1867); 
Wreck  of  the 
Evening  Star 
(1868);  Circle  of 
^7  /.  the  Stars  (1869); 
Melancholy 
(1870)  ;  Spring- 
Time  (1872) ;  Cancale  Women  at  the  Spring, 
Return  from  Market  (1873),  Return  of  the 
Oyster-Fishers  (1874),  Luxembourg  Muse- 
um ;  Cancale  Women  (1876)  ;  Parisian 
Woman  at  Cancale  (1877)  ;  Death  of  Orphe- 
us (1878) ;  Women  knitting  by  the  Sea 

(1879)  ;  Return  from  Fishing  at  Low  Tide 

(1880)  ;   Astarte,   Fishing  on  Foot  (1881)  ; 
Drunkenness,   The   Corniche  Road  (1882); 
Spring-Time,  Dancing  by  Twilight  (1883); 
Armorica,  The  Bath  (1884);  Remorse,  The 
Bath  (1885).— Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xviii.  318. 

FIACCO   (Flacco),  ORLANDO,  born  in 
Verona,   flourished   about   1560.     Venetian 
school ;  history  and  portrait  painter,  pupil 
of   Francesco   Torbido,    ac-      __      ,       _., 
cording  to  others,  of  Badile  ;  I    I    H      H 
praised  by  Vasari  especially  ^-'«  •!•  •  ,*-  ' 
for   his  portraits.      Works  : 
Ecce  Homo,  Crucifixion,  S. 
Xazario,  Verona. — Lanzi  (Roscoe),  ii.  208  ; 
Nagler,  iv.  310. 

FIALETTI,  ODOARDO,  born  in  Bologna 
i  in  1573,  died  in  Venice  in  1638.     Venetian 
school ;  history  painter,  pupil  of  Gio.  Bat- 
tista  Cremonini  at  Bologna  and  of  Tinto- 
retto in  Venice,  where  most  of  his  paintings 
are  to  be  found.     Works  :  Crucifixion,   S. 
Croce,  Venice  ;  others  in  S. 

I*  S~\     Marco,  Venice,   and  S.  An- 

V~/    ,      T^     drea,  Murano ;   Senators  of 

Venice    in     Senate    House, 

Hampton   Court   Palace. — Lanzi   (Roscoe), 

ii.  195 ;  Nagler,  iv.  310. 


54 


FIALKA 


FTALKA,  OLGA  VON,  born  in  Austria  ; 
contemporary.  Genre  painter  ami  illustra- 
tor, pupil  of  Matejko  and  of  Eisenmeuger. 
Illustrated  the  works  of  Lessing.  Girl  Gar- 
dener (1880). 

FIASELLA,  DOMEXICO.     See  Sarzana. 

FICHEL,  (BENJAMIN)  EUGENE,  born 
in  Paris,  Aug.  30,  1820.  French  school  ; 
genre  painter,  pupil  of  P.  Delaroche  ;  paints 
small  pictures,  carefully  and  skilfully  exe- 
cuted, somewhat  in  stylo  of  Meissonier. 
Medals:  3d  class,  1857,' 1801,  180!);  L.  of 
Honour,  1870.  Works  :  Holy  Family  (184!)); 
Harvey  proving  the  Circulation  of  the  Blood 
(1851),  Paris  Medical  School ;  Dressing, 
Levee  (1853)  ;  Morning  Intimacy  (1855)  ; 
Draniatic  Matinee,  Game  of  Chess  (1857)  ; 
Provincial  Restaurant,  A  Smoker  (185!))  ; 
Camacho's  Wedding,  Baptism  of  Mile.  C'lai- 
ron  (1801)  ;  Library  Corner,  Lively  Party, 
Arrival  at  the  Inn  (18G3),  bought  by  State  ; 
Party  of  Smokers,  Audience  at  the  Minister's 
(1804) ;  Napoleon  I.  planning  Manoeuvres, 
General  Bonaparte  returning  his  Father's 
Sword  to  Eugene  Beauharnais  (1805)  ;  Dide- 
rot and  Rame-au's  Nephew  (1800)  ;  Ama- 
teur at  a  Painter's,  Open  in  the  King's 
Name  ;  Cabinet  of  Medals  in  the  Itoyal  Li- 
brary (1807) ;  Chess  Player,  Body  Guard 
(18G8) ;  Night  of  August  24,  1572,  Fool  sell- 
ing Wisdom  (180!))  ;  Party  of  Four  (1870); 
Founding  of  the  French  Academy  in  1035 
(1872)  ;  Button  in  his  Study,  Grand  Recep- 
tion (1873)  ;  Laeepede  writing  las  History 
of  Fishes,  Daubenton  in  his  Laboratory 
(1873),  Vienna  Exposition  ;  Louis  XVI. 's 
Forge  (1874)  ;  Departure  of  the  Coach 
(1875)  ;  A  Foreign  Festival  (1870) ;  Tavern 
of  Ramponneau  (1877)  ;  Soldiers  and  Gri- 
settes  (1878)  -,  Curate's  Nephew,  Master's 
Last  Acquisition  (1879)  ;  Restaurant,  Sign- 
ing the  Contract  (1880)  ;  At  the  Tailor's, 
The  Bill  to  Pay  (1881)  ;  End  of  the  Dinner, 
Last  Throw  of  Dice  (1882)  ;  Jaurat  in  the 
Tavern,  Card  Players  (1883);  Before  the 
Receipt,  After  the  Receipt  (1884)  ;  A  Game 
of  Cards  (1885). 

FICHERELLI,    FELICE,    born   at    San 


Gemignano  in  1G05,  died  in  IfiOO.  Floren- 
tine school  ;  history  painter,  pupil  of  Jacopo 
da  Empoli ;  called  Felice  Riposo  from  his 
indolence,  but  his  few  pictures  are  remark- 
able for  elegance  of  design  and  harmony  of 
colour.  His  copies  of  Perugino,  Andrea  del 
S;irto,  and  others  have  been  mistaken  for 
originals.  Works  :  St.  Anthony,  S.  Maria 
Nuova  ;  Adam  and  Eve  driven  from  Para- 
dise, Palazzo  Rtnuccini,  Florence  ;  Tarqiiin 
and  Lucre tia,  Dresden  Gallery. — Lan/.i  (Kos- 
coe),  i.  211);  Nagler,  iv.  310. 

FIEDLER,  BERNHARD,  born  in  Berlin, 
Nov.  23,181(i.  Landscape  and  architecture 
painter,  pupil  of  Berlin  Academy,  then  of 
Gerst  and  of  Krause.  In  1855  he  accom- 
panied the;  present  King  of  the  Belgians  to 
Italy,  Greece,  and  Asia  Minor,  and  revisited 
Egypt  in  1S05-00.  Member  of  Venice! 
Academy.  Lives  in  Trieste.  Works  :  Am- 
phitheatre; in  Pola  (1N4I>),  National  Gallery, 
Berlin  ;  Cairo  (1HIJ4),  Vienna  Museum  ; 
Tower  of  Rhode's,  Entrance  to  Mosque  in 
Cairo,  Granite  Quarries  near  Siena,  Cologne 
Museum  ;  Ruins  of  Baalbee-  (1S72)  ;  Jerusa- 
lem (1S7!>).— BreH-khaus,  vi.  7!»5;  M filler,  171. 

FIEDLER,  JOHAXX  CHRISTIAN,  born 
at  Pirna,  Saxony,  in  1007,  die-el  at  Darm- 
stadt in  1708.  French  school  ;  history  and 
portrait  painte-r,  pupil  in  Paris  of  Rigaiid 
and  Largilliere  ;  became  court-painter  at 
Darmstadt.  Works:  Burial  of  Christ,  The 
Seasons,  Artist's  portrait,  and  othc-rs,  Darm- 
stadt Museum. 

FIESOLE,  FRA  ANGELICO  DA.  See 
Angelica, 

FIGIXO,  AMBROGIO,  born  in  Milan 
about  1548,  died  afte-r  15!)5.  Lombard 
school,  pupil  ejf  Giovanni  Paolo  Lomoz/.o  ; 
became  an  exe-ellent  histe>ric:al  and  portrait 
painter,  ami  was  a  tolerably  successful  imi- 
tator of  Michelangelo's  elesigns.  Works : 
Madonna  with  Saints  and  Satan,  ami  por- 
trait of  the  Mare'-e-hal  Foppa,  Brera,  Milan  ; 
St.  Matthew,  St.  Paul,  S.  Rafacllo,  ib.  ;  Vir- 
gin crushing  Head  of  Serpent,  S.  Antonio 
Abate,  ib. — Lanzi,  ii.  503  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole 
milanaise  ;  Burckhardt,  70'J. 


55 


FIKENTSCJIER 


FIKENTSCHEE,  OTTO,  born  at  Aix-la- 
Chapelle,  Feb.  28,  1831,  died  in  Diisseldorf, 
Nov.  12,  1880.  Buttle  painter  and  illus- 
trator, pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under 
Theodor  Hildebrand  ;  spent  several  years  in 
Stuttgart  and  Munich,  then  settled  in  Diis- 
seldorf. Works:  Bliicher  saved  by  his 
Adjutant  at  Quatrebras  ;  Attack  of  Cuiras- 
siers at  Mars-la-Tour  ;  French  Dragoons 
Repulsed. — Kunst-Chronik,  xvi.  122. 

FILDES,  (SAMUEL)  LUKE,  born  in 
Liverpool,  Oct.  14, 
1844.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  of  South  Ken- 
sington schools  and 
of  Royal  Academy. 
Made  many  drawings 
on  wood  for  the  Lon- 
.  don  Graphic,  Corn- 
hill  Magazine,  and 
other  periodicals,  and 
illustrated  Ihe  Last 

works  of  Dickens  (Edwin  Drood)  and  of 
Lever.  Exhibited  his  drawing  called  Night- 
fall at  Royal  Academy  in  18G8,  and  his  first 
oil  picture,  Fair  Quiet  and  Sweet  Rest,  in 
1872.  This  was  followed  by  Simpletons 
(1873)  ;  Applicants  for  Admission  to  a  ( '«x- 
•nal  Ward  (1874) ;  Betty  (1875) ;  The  Wul- 
oircr  (187G) ;  Marianina,  Playmates  (1877)  ; 
Return  of  a  Penitent  (187',)) ;  Doubts,  Dolly, 
Venetian  Girl  (1881) ;  (Nina  1882)  ;  Village 
Wedding  (1883)  ;  Venetian  Life,  Venetian 
Flower  Girl  (1884) ;  Venetians  (18S5).  Mr. 
Fildes  was  elected  an  A.R.A.  in  1879.  Mrs. 
Fildes  is  also  a  genre  painter.  Among  her 
works  are  :  Cottage  Door  (1877)  i  Peeling 
Potatoes  (1878).— Meynell,  103;  Portfolio 
(1878),  05;  Century,' Feb.,  1884;  Meyer, 
Conv.  Lex.,  xviii.  319. 

FILIPEPI,  SANDRO.  See  liollMli. 
FILIPPI,  SKBASTIANO,  called  Bastian- 
ino,  born  in  Ferrara  in  1532,  died  there, 
Aug.  1(5,  1G02.  Lombard  school.  Called 
also  Gratella  (Gridiron),  from  his  custom  of 
covering  large  pictures  with  crossed  lines  to 
reduce  them  to  a  small  scale.  Sou  and  pu- 
pil of  Camillo  Filippi,  a  painter  of  some 


reputation  in  Ferrara  ;  went  when  eighteen 
years  old  to  Rome,  and  became  a  favourite 
disciple  of  Michelangelo,  of  whom  he  was  a 
weak  imitator.  His  best  work  is  the  fresco 
of  the  Last  Judgment  in  the  Cathedral  of 
Ferrara,  now  greatly  damaged  by  restora- 
tion. Works :  Raising  of  the  Cross,  Cer- 
tosa  ;  Madonna  with  Saints  and  Annuncia- 
tion, Ferrara  Gallery.- — Lanzi,  iii.  205  ;  Ch. 
Blanc,  Ecole  ferraraise  ;  Burckhardt,  7G1. 

FILIPPINO.     See  Lippi,  Filippino. 

FILIPPO,  FRA.     See  Lippi,  Filippo. 

FILIPPO  NAPOLITANO.  See  Anyeli, 
Filippo  d'. 

FINCHLEY,  MARCH  TO,  William  Ho- 
garth, Foundling  Hospital,  London.  The 
march  of  the  Guards  to  Scotland  in  1745. 
While  the  straggling  vanguard  are  winding 
away  to  the  horizon,  the  foreground  is  filled 
with  the  confusion  incident  to  departure. 
The  most  prominent  figure  is  a  young  and 
handsome  Guardsman  hopelessly  embar- 
rassed by  the  rival  adieux  of  two  ladies  ;  a 
drummer  is  drowning  his  grief  by  a  vigor- 
ous attack  on  his  drum  ;  an  officer  kisses  a 
milkmaid,  while  a  soldier  pours  her  milk 
into  his  hat,  and  another  steals  the  pieman's 
wares  while  directing  his  attention  to  the 
episode.  Painted  in  1750 ;  engraved  by  L. 
Sullivan.  The  picture  was  dedicated  to  the 
King  of  Prussia,  who  made  a  handsome 
acknowledgment  of  the  honour. — Dobson, 
Hogarth,  70. 

FINISTERE,  EVENING  AT,  Jules  Bre- 
ton, John  A.  Mitchell,  Milwaukee,  Wis- 
consin ;  canvas,  H.  about  3  f t.  x  4  ft.  A 
party  of  white-hooded  Brittany  women  near 
a  hamlet  at  sunset.  Painted  in  1882  ;  Se- 
ney  sale,  New  York,  1885. 

FINSONIUS  (Finson),  LOUIS,  born  in 
Bruges  about  1580,  drowned  in  the  Rhone 
near  Avles  in  1032.  Flemish  school,  his- 
tory and  portrait  painter  ;  passed  his  youth 
in  Italy  and  followed  the  school  of  Caravag- 
gio.  Went  to  Naples  in  1G12,  returned  to 
Aix  in  1G13,  and  settled  at  Aries  in  1G14. 
Good  colourist,  style  vehement,  scrupulous 
observer  of  material  effects.  Works :  Resur- 


FIORE 


rection  (1610),  Si  John's  Church  ;  Ineredu-  FIORENZO  DI  LORENZO,  born  at  Pe- 

lity  of  Thomas  (1613),  Church  of  the  Saviour,  rugia  about  1440-50,  died  after  1521.     Um- 

Ais  ;  Female  portrait  (1624),  Museum,  ib.  ;  briau  school,  probably  a  pupil  of  Benedetto 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Stephen  (1(514),  Aries  Mu-  Boufigli.     In  1472  he  contracted  to  paint  an 

seum  ;  Magdalen,  Marseilles  Museum  ;  An-  Assumption    of    the   Virgin,    the   principal 


nunciatiou  (1612),  Naples  Museum. — Biog. 
nat.  de  Belgique,  vii.  70  ;  Kraiuni,  ii.  487. 

FIOltE,  COLANTONIO  DEL.  See  C»- 
lantonw  del  Fiore. 

FIORE  (Flore),  JACOBELLO  DEL, 
flourished  1400-1439.  Venetian  school. 


parts  of  which  are  now  in  the  Perugia 
Academy.  Though  the  figures  are  of  com- 
mon typo  and  the  action  is  broken  and  ex- 
aggerated, the  drawing  is  good  and  tlio  ex- 
ecution careful.  The  influence  of  Perugino 
upon  Fiorenzo  shows  itself  in  a  fresco  (1475) 


^m^^to:       o 
^^^^gc;      -.: 


'^^^^S^^mfy : 


March  to  Finchley,  William   Hogarth,  Foundling  Hospital,  London. 


Son  of  Francesco  del  Fiore,  president  in 
1376  of  the  guild  of  painters  in  Venice,  a 
position  held  also  by  Jacobello  1415-36. 
Painted  in  the  method  of  the  earlier  Vene- 
tians ;  work  marked  by  incorrectness  of 
drawing,  harshness  of  colour,  and  tawdri- 
ness  of  ornament  and  of  drapery.  His  Lion 
of  St.  Mark  (1415)  in  the  Ducal  Palace, 
Venice,  his  Madonna  (1436)  in  the  Venice 
Academy,  and  a  large  picture  in  the  Sacristy 
of  the  Duomo  at  Ceneda,  are  fair  specimens 
of  his  manner. — C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  i.  2  ; 
Burckhardt,  588  ;  Lermolieff,  395.  ' 


of  the  Eternal  in  a  circular  glory  between 
Saints,  in  S.  Francesco  of  Dirtita,  one  of  the 
most  important  wall-paintings  recovered  in 

1  our  day.  There  are  other  pictures  by  him 
in  the  Perugia  Academy  ;  a  Madonna  on  a 
gold  ground,  dated  1481,  Berlin  Museum  ; 
Madonna,  S.  Giacomo,  Assisi ;  Altai-piece 
(1485),  S.  Francesco,  Tend  ;  Head  of  Christ 
and  Saints,  Madrid  Museum. — C.  .t  C.,  Italy, 
iii.  151  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  vi.  30,  56  ; 
Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  ombrienne  ;  Cibo,  Niccolo 
Alunno  e  Li  Scuola  Umbra,  113  ;  Liibkf, 

.Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  i.  424. 


67 


FIOKI 
FIORI  DA  URBINO.     See   Barocci,  Fe-  Woods,  Under  the  Oak  Trees,  Solitude  in 


.lerigo. 


Eifel  Mountains,  Vienna  Museum  ;  Wood- 

FIORINI,  GLAMBATTISTA.  See  Aretuxi,  '  border  in  Tyrol,  Hamburg  Gallery  ;  Hessian 

Cesare.  Landscape,    Darmstadt    Gallery  ;    On    the 

FISCHBACH,  JOHANN,  born  in  Castle  Heights  in  Eifel  Mountains  ;  Heath  at  Sun- 

Grafenegg,  Nether  Austria,  April  5,  1797,  :  set  (18CC)  ;  Evening  on  Baltic  Sea. — MUller, 

died  in  Munich,  June  15,  1871.     Landscape  175. 

and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna  Academy  '      FISCHER,   JOHANN  GEORG,  born  at 

under  Potter  and  Krafft.    Extensively  known  Augsburg  in  1580,  died  in  Munich  in  1G43. 

by   his    charcoal    drawings.     In    1840    he  German  school ;  history  painter,  studied  in 

moved  from  Vienna  to  Salzburg,  lived  there  Prague  and  Italy,  imitated  Albrecht  Dtirer. 

until   1851,  then  in  the  country,  and  from  Works  :  Taking  of  Christ,  Old  Pinakothek, 

I860  in  Munich  ;  was  made  member  of  the  Munich  ;  Twelve  Apostles,  11  Battle  Scenes, 

Vienna  Academy  in  1843.     Works  :  Poach-  Schleissheim  Gallery  ;  Ecce  Homo,  Moritz 

crs,    Rosenlauig     Glacier     in    Switzerland  Chapel,  Nuremberg  ;  Trinity  (after  Diirer), 

(1838)  ;  Peasant  Boy  quarrelling  with  Girl  Pommerafelden  Gallery. — Nagler,  iv.  354. 
about  a  Bird  (1830),  Widow  in   Graveyard       FISCHER,  JOSEF,  born  in  Vienna,  Jan. 

(1838),  Museum,  Vienna;  Ideal   Landscape  30,  1709,  died  there,   Sept.  5,   1822.     Ger- 

(1830),  Huntsmen    Resting    (1845),  Liech-  man  school ;  landscape  painter,  pupil  of  the 

tenstein  Gallery,  ib.  ;  Anxious  Expectation  Vienna  Academy,  of  which  he  became  a  mem- 

(1844),  Children  Found  (1845),  View  near  ber  in  1815.     In  1802  he  was  made  director 

Sal/burg  (1858),  New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  of  the  Eszterhazy  Gallery,  Vienna.     Works  : 

Sal/ach  Valley  and  Watzmann  (1851).— All-  View  of  Vienna  and  the  Danube,  Vienna  Mu- 

gem.  d.  Biogr.,  vii.  47;   Andrcsen,  v.  78;  seum  ;  Landscape,  Vienna  Academy ;  Storm 

Wurzbach,  iv.  23I>.  Landscape,  Prague  Gallery  ;  others  in  Na- 

FISCHKR,   GOTTLOB,    born    in    Stutt- '  tional  Gallery,   Pesth.—  Allgem.   d.   Biogr., 

gart,  June  27,  1829.     History  and  portrait  vii.  70  ;  Wurzbach,  iv.  240. 

painter,  studied  sculpture  hi  Holland,  and  ,      FISCHER,    JOSEF    ANTON,    born    at 

painting    (1853  55)    in    Paris    under    Ary  Obersdorf,  Allgiiu,  Feb.  28,  1814,  died   in 

Schefter  ;  returned  to  Holland,  and  in  1857  Munich,  March  20,  1859.     History  painter, 

settled   in    Stuttgart.      Works:    Bacchante  pupil  of  the  Munich  Academy  under  Schlott- 

(185G) ;      Protestant,   Service   in    a     Barn;  hauer.  Visited  Italy  with Forster  and  Schrau- 

(1859)  ;  Rembrandt  in  his  Studio  (18C5)  ;  dolph  in  1832,  and  studied  under  Heinrich 

Spinoza  and  the  Spiders  (18G(i)  ;  King  Lear  Hess  in  1834-40.    In  1843  he  revisited  Italy, 

and  Cordelia  (1873)  ;  Tasso  in  Prison  (187G) ;  studied  Fra  Angelico,  and  was  influenced  by 

Portraits  of  King  and   Queen  of  Wiirtem-  Overbeck.     Works  :  Flight  to  Egypt  (1841), 

berg  (1875),  of  Prince  Frederic,  Baron  von  Adoration   of   the   Magi  (1844),   Visitation 

Thumb,  Baron  von  Cotta,  Count  Taube.—  (1845),   Entombment  (1848),  New  Pinako- 

Mliller,  175.  thek,  Munich;  Assumption;  Descent  from 

FISCHER,      (JOHANN      CHRISTIAN)  the  Cross  ;  Nativity  ;  Birth  of  Mary  ;  Adora- 

RICHARD,  born  in  Dantzic  in  182G.     Land-  tion  of  the  Magi. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  vii.  77  ; 

scape  painter,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  Regnet,  133. 

under  Karl  Sohn,  Theodor  Hildebrandt,  and       FISCHER,  THEODOR,  born  in  Schwerin 

Schirmer.     From    1854   to    18G2   he   lived  in  1816,  died  there,  March  30,  1873.     His- 

alternately  in  Berlin  and  Dantzic,  and  then  tory  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  in  Schwerin 

settled  in  the  latter  place.     Works  :  Sultry  of  Schumacher,  then  in  Dresden  of  Bende- 

Noontide,  Early  Morning,  Noon  in  the  Val-  mann  and  Richter.     Pictures  in  Schwerin 

ley,    Dantzic    Museum  ;     Evening    in    the  Gallery  and  Grand  Ducal  Palace,  in   Ros- 

58 


FISCHER 


lock  University,  and  in  many  churches  and 
chapels  of  Mecklenburg. — Kunat-Chronik, 
viii.  431. 

FISCHER,  VIXCENZ,  born  at  Schmid- 
ham,  Bavaria,  April  2,  1729,  died  in  Vienna, 
Oct.  26,  1810.  History,  architecture,  and 
landscape  painter,  first  apprenticed  with  an 
obscure  painter  at  Passau,  then  pupil  of  Vi- 
enna Academy ;  went  to  Italy  in  1753  to 
study  under  Tiepoloaud  Cignaroli,  and  after 
his  return  in  17(iO  became  member  of  the 
Vienna  Academy,  and  professor  in  1704,  as 
which  he  enjoyed  considerable  reputation. 
Works  :  Moses  and  Pharaoh's  Crown  (1700), 
Academy,  Vienna  ;  Roman  Colonnade  with 
Procession  (1702),  Similar  Subject  (171)!)), 
Museum,  ib. ;  in  fresco  :  Agamemnon  shoot- 
ing Diana's  Sacred  Doe,  Castle  Laxenburg, 
near  Vienna  ;  others  in  Royal  Palace  at  Buda- 
Pesth,  Royal  Chapel  at  Pressburg. — All- 
gem,  d.  Biogr.,  vii.  82  ;  Wurzbach,  iv.  247. 

FISEN,  ENGELBERT,  born  at  Li.'ge  in 
1655,  died  there,  April  15,  1733.  Flemish 
school ;  history  and  portrait  painter,  pupil 
of  Fletnael,  then  in  Rome  (from  1071)  of 
Carlo  Maratti,  whose  style  he  followed  close- 
ly ;  returned  to  Liege  in  107!).  Of  the  053 
pictures  and  portraits  he  painted,  only  a  few 
have  survived.  Works  :  Martyrdom  of  St. 
Bartholomew,  Christ  on  the  Cross,  St.  Bar- 
tholomew's, Liege  ;  Descent  from  the  Cross, 
Chapelle  desFemmcs  incurables,  ib. — Biog. 
nat.  de  Belgique,  vii.  78  ;  Michiels,  x.  171. 

FISH-GIRL,  Murillo,  Lady  Cranstoun, 
London ;  canvas,  H.  3  ft.  4  in.  x'2  ft.  8  in. 
Peasant  girl,  seated,  full-length,  looking 
front,  holding  up  with  left  hand  the  end  of 
the  scarf  which  covers  her  neck  ;  right  hand 
on  handle  of  basket  of  fruit,  beside  which, 
on  ground,  is  a  dish  of  fish  ;  background, 
landscape.  Probably  Aguado  sale  (1843), 
6,900  fr.;  bought  about  1804  from  Mr.  Bur- 
ley.  Engraved  by  Blanchard,  in  Gallery 
Aguado.— Curtis,  283 ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole 
espagnole  ;  Art  Union,  1846  ;  Art  Journal, 
Sept.,  1864  ;  Scott,  Murillo. 

FISHER,  KITTY,  portrait,  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds,  Lord  Crewe.  Kitty  Fisher,  the 


Phryne  of  her  day,  daughter  of  a  German 
staymaker.  She  married  in  1760  Mr.  N.>r- 
ris,  son  of  the  M.P.  for  Rye,  and  died  in 
1771.  Half-length,  sitting,  with  a  white 
dove  in  her  lap  and  another  fluttering  from 
the  back  of  the  sofa  to  join  its  mate. 


Kitty  Fisher,    Sir  Joshua  Reynolds.   Lord  Crcwe 

Painted  in  175!)  ;  repetitions  in  Munro  Col- 
lection, London,  and  in  Lenox  Gallery,  New 
York.  Another  portrait,  at  Petworth  House, 
represents  her  half-length,  full  face,  sitting 
behind  a  table  on  which  she  rests  her  anus, 
with  an  open  letter  before  her  ;  a  third  de- 
picts her  as  Cleopatra  dissolving  the  pearl 
(engraved  by  Fisher) ;  a  fourth,  Lord  Lans- 
downe,  in  profile,  with  a  parrot  on  her  fin- 
ger ;  a  fifth,  Lord  Carysfort,  an  unfinished 
head  in  powder,  and  a  fly-cap,  perhaps  the 
loveliest  of  all.  One  sold  by  Chrystie  (1874), 
114  gs.— Leslie  &  Taylor,  Life,  i.  163  ;  Pull- 
ing, 22. 

FISHER,  WILLIAM  MARK,  born  in  Mas- 
sachusetts, contemporary.  Landscape  paint- 
er, pupil  of  George  Inness,  and  afterwards 


59 


FISHERS 

studied  in  Europe.  Opened  a  studio  in  hof,  Bremen ;  Brema  with  her  Children, 
Boston,  but,  meeting  with  little  success,  re- '  Feast  of  Bacchus,  Four  Praisers  of  Wine, 
moved  to  London.  Lived  in  1884  at  Stey-  Roland  and  Hose,  Rathskeller,  Bremen  ; 
ning,  Sussex.  "Works:  Noon  (1872);  Early  Five  Continents,  Four  Winds,  Bremen's  Sea- 
Sunimer  (1875)  ;  Scotch  Hillside,  On  the  Trade  (1880),  Exchange,  Bremen.— Muller, 
Cam  (187(5)  ;  The  Meadows  (1877);  Pas-  175;  Kunsl^Chronik,  x.  291,  312  ;  xiii.  489  ; 
torals  (1878)  ;  Pevenscy  Castle,  Spring,  xiv.  5G9. 
Weaned  Calves,  Spring  Labour  (187!))  ;  FLACCO.  See  Fiasco. 
Coast  Pastures,  List  of  Autumn,  Normandy  FLAGELLATION  (Fr.,  Christ  a  la 
Orchard  (1880);  Milking  Time  (1881);  Sun-  Coloime  ;  Ital.,  Nostro  Signore  flagellato 
li"ht  and  Shade,  Melancholy  Days,  Mar-  alia  Colouna  ;  Sp.,  Cristo  a  la  columna ;  Ger., 
guerites  (188'2):  Timber  Wagon,  Early  Geisselung  Christi),  the  scourging  of  Christ 
Summer  (1883);  Sussex  Pasture,  Homewards  previous  to  crucifixion  (Matt,  xxvii.  26; 
(1884);  Low  Tide,  A  Sketch  in  Ireland,  A  Mark  xv.  15;  Luke  xviii.  1C;  John  xix.  1). 
Kerry  Pastoral  (1885).  Sometimes  called  Christ  at  the  Column. 

FISHERS  OF  THE  ADRIATIC,  Leopold  By  Murilfa,  Duke  of  Wellington,  London; 
Hubert,  Neuchatel  Museum  ;  canvas,  dated  canvas,  H.  1.  ft.  4  in.  x  10  in.  An  execu- 
1834.  Paturle  sale  (Paris,  1872),  £3,320.  ;  tioncr  scourges  the  Saviour  while  another 
FITCH,  JOHN  L.,  born  in  Hartford,  prepares  the  crown  of  thorns  ;  in  back- 
Conn.,  in  1831!.  Landscape  painter,  pupil ;  ground,  a  wall  and  a  grated  window.  Three 
in  Hartford  of  George  F.  Wright ;  went  to  figures,  full-length.  Companion  to  Pieta, 
Europe  in  1855  and  studied  under  Albert,  also  in  possession  of  Duke  of  Wellington. 
Max,  and  Richard  Zimmerman  in  Munich  Subject  treated  also  by  Sodoma,  Siena 
and  Milan.  Exhibits  at  the  National  Acad-  Gallery  ;  Antonello  da  Messina,  Venice 
pmy,  of  which  he  is  an  Associate.  Studio  Academy;  Paolo  Morando,  Verona  Gallery  ; 
in  New  York  since  1866.  Works:  Mountain  Murillo,  Louvre  ;  Gaudeuzio  Ferrari,  S.  M. 
Brook  (1870);  Outlet  (1871);  In  the  Canon-1  delle  Grazie,  Milan  ;  Sebastian  del  Piombo, 
Granville  (1873);  Stray  Sunbeam  (1875);  In  S.  Pietro  in  Montorio,  Rome;  Lodovico 
the  Woods,  Autumn  (187G);  Twilight  on  Carracci,  Bologna  Gallery;  Alonso  Cano, 
Gill's  Brook  (1878);  Study  on  Long  Island  Madrid  Museum;  Zurbaran,  Berlin  Mu- 
(1879);  On  Spruce  Creek  (1880);  Study  of  seum  ;  David  Teniers,  younger,  Madrid 
Beeches  (1881);  Path  near  Blue  Mountain  Museum  ;  Pelegrino  Tibaldi,  ib. ;  Th.  van 
Lake  (1882);  Study  on  the  Croton,  Pastoral ,  Tulden,  Brussels  Museum;  Fr.  Vanni, 
(1883);  Study  on  the  Raymondskill,  Neg- !  Vienna  Museum  ;  Ambrogio  Borgognone, 
looted  Road  (1884).  Brera,  Milan  ;  Pedro  Ruiz,  Dresden  Gallery  ; 

FITGER,  ARTHUR,  born  at  Delmen-  Joseph  Heiuz,  ib.;  Karl  Lehmann,  Church 
horst,  Oldenburg,  Oct.  4,  1840.  History  of  St.  Nicholas,  Boulogne-sur-Mer ;  Hans 
painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy,  where  Holbein,  elder,  Munich  Gallery  ;  Hans  Hoi- 
he  was  much  influenced  by  Cornelius  and  bein,  younger,  Basle  Museum. 
Genelli.  In  Antwerp  he  studied  Rubens,  |  FLAGG,  GEORGE  WHITING,  born  at 
and  in  Italy  (18B3-65)  the  old  Venetian  mas-  New  Haven,  Conn.,  June  26,  1816.  Subject 
ters.  Settled  in  Bremen  in  1870.  Works  :  painter,  pupil  of  his  uncle,  Washington  All- 
Fisher-Boat  attacked  by  Mermaids  ;  German  '  ston  ;  later  studied  three  years  in  Europe. 
Saga  on  Giant's  Grave  ;  Erlking's  Daughters;  Painted  six  years  in  London  before  settling 
Procession  of  Witches  ;  Waking  of  Barba-  finally  in  New  York  ;  elected  N.A.  in  1851. 
rossa  ;  Night  and  Dreams  ;  Prodigal  Son,  Works :  Jacob  and  Rachel  at  the  Well ;  Por- 
Good  Samaritan,  Remberti  Church,  Bremen  ;  trait  of  Mme.  Pico  as  Cenerentola  ;  Good 
Development  of  German  Civilization,  Ruteu-  Samaritan  ;  Landing  of  the  Atlantic  Cable  ; 

60 


FLAGG 


Murder  of  the  Princes  in  the  Touer  ;  Young 
Greek  ;  Landing  of  the  Pilgrims  ;  'Washing- 
ton receiving  his  Mother's  Blessing  (often 
engraved);  Mouse  Boy  ;  Match  Girl ;  Haidee; 
Scarlet  Letter;  Columbus  and  the  Egg  (1807); 
Tennyson's  Maud  (1881);  Hester  Prynne, 
Portrait  of  Dr.  Eben  M.  Flagg  (1883);  Por- 
trait of  a  Lady  in  Fancy  Dress,  Mrs.  S.  P. 
Cleveland,  Boston. — Tuckerman,  407. 

FLAGG,  JARED  BRADLEY,  born  at 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  June  l(i,  1820.  Genre 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  his  brother, 
George  W.  Flagg,  and  a  short  time  of  Wash- 
ington Allston.  Elected  N.A.  in  184'.!,  on 
exhibiting  Angelo  and  Isabella.  Mr.  Flagg, 
who  was  instrumental  in  organizing  the 
Yale  College  Art  Gallery,  became  a  clergy- 
man of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  1854,  since 
which  time  he  has  rarely  exhibited,  though 
he  still  paints.  Ideal  works  :  Measure  for 
Measure  (184!))  ;  Paul  before  Felix  (1850)  ; 
Grandfather's  Pet;  Poet's  Captive  (1877)  ; 
Intercepted  Letter  ;  Holy  Thoughts.  Por- 
traits :  Of  his  Father  (18:iO)  ;  Commodore 
Vanderbilt  (1870) ;  Bishop  Littlejohn  (1880); 
Revcrdy  Johnson  ;  Henry  Stanbery  ;  Judge 
Peckham ;  Chief-Justice  Church  (1884). 
His  sons,  Montague  and  Charles  Noel,  both 
pupils  of  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts,  are 
genre  painters  in  New  York. — Tuckerman, 
408. 

FLAHAUT,  LEON,  born  in  Paris,  Dec. 
6,  1831.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  L. 
Fleury  and  of  Corot.  Medal  in  180!)  ;  2<1 
class,  1878  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1881.  Works  : 
Canal  of  Briare  ;  Sheepfold  at  Salles,  The 
River  Loing ;  Beach  of  Berneval  ;  Land- 
scape ;  Evening  ;  Under  the  Wood,  Souve- 
nir of  the  Normandy  Coast  (180!))  ;  Farm  at 
Sunset,  The  Loing  (1874) ;  High  Sea  at 
Puys,  Environs  of  Montbouy  (1878)  ;  Even- 
ing (1879);  Bridge  at  Mortuaille,  The 
Croisic  (1880)  ;  Returning  to  the  Farm 
(1881);  Solitude  (1882);  The  River  Loing 
(1883);  Feme  de  la  Brosse  (1884);  October 
Morning,  On  Shore  of  a  Pond  (1885). 

FLAMENG,  FRANCOIS,  born  in  Paris 
in  1859.  History  painter,  son  of  the  en- 


graver Leopold  Flameng;  pupil  of  Cabanol, 
Edmond  Hedouin,  and  Jean  Paul  Laurens. 
Medal,  2d  class, 
187!)  ;  prix  du 
Salon,  187!). 
Works:  Reading 
Desk  (1875); 
Portrait  of  aBish- 
op,  BarbaroBsa 
visiting  Charle- 
magne's Tomb 
(1870)  ;  Portrait 
of  his  Father 
(1S77) ;  The  Gi- 
rondins  Summoned  (18711)  ;  Capo  di  Monte 
Road  at  Naples,  Conquerors  of  the  Bastile 

(1881)  ;  In   the  Woods,  Camille  Desmoulins 

(1882)  ;  A  Duel  (188:!)  ;  M,i«.«in;-  of  Maehe- 
coul,    Rehearsal    in    18th    Century   (1884)  ; 
Howlers,  Marie  Antoinette  going  to  Execu- 
tion (18S."i).  —  Larousse. 

FLAMKNG,  MARIE  AUGl'STE.  born  at 
Metz  (Lorraine),  July  17,  184)!.  Landscape 
and  marine  painter,  pupil  of  Palianti,  E.  Vcr- 
rier,  Dubufe,  Ma/.erolle,  K.  Delaunay,  and 
Puvis  dc  Chavannes.  Medal,  3d  class,  1881. 
Works:  Village  in  Lorraine  (1870) ;  Valley 
of  Yaneotte,  Normandy  (1872)  ;  Low  Tide  at 
Cancalc  (1874);  Fishing  Boat  at  Canoale 
(1875)  ;  Oyster  Women  in  the  Hay  of  Mont 
Saint  Michel  (1870);  Fishermen  at  Cancalc 
(1878)  ;  Banks  of  the  Seine  at  Ivry,  Yport 
(187!))  ;  A  Corner  of  the  Sea  at  Saint-Vaasf- 
la-Hougue,  Sea- weed  at  Low  Tide  in  La 
Manche  (1880)  ;  Fishing  Boat  at  Dieppe 
(1881),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Three-Mast- 
er leaving  Havre,  Schooner  at,  Wharf  (1882) ; 
Bassin  Van  ban  at  Havre  (188:5);  Fishing 
Bark  (1884)  ;  Calc  dc  mcssagcrics  maritimes 
at  Bordeaux  (1885). 

FLAMM,  ALBERT,  born  in  Cologne  in 
1823.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  in  Dussel- 
dorf  of  Andreas  Achenbach  ;  later  much  in- 
fluenced by  Oswald  Achenbach  (1840-41), 
with  whom  he  travelled  through  Italy. 
Works  :  Wood  Landscape  in  Sunset  (1845) ; 
Morning  Landscape  (1840) ;  View  in  North 
Italy  (1850) ;  Approaching  Storm  in  the 


ci 


FLANDIN 


Campagna  (1802)  ;  Castel  Gandolfo  (1867)  ; 
Pilatus  on  Lake  Luzerne  ;  Grave-Ruins  near 
Rome  ;  Outlook  on  Bay  of  Naples  ;  View 
near  Nerina  in  Volsker  Mountains  ;  Via  Ap- 
pia  near  Eomc,  Kunathalle,  Hamburg ;  View 
of  Cumso,  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Sieben- 
gebirge  (1880)  ;  Coast  of  Sorrento  (1884).— 
M filler,  177  ;  Wiegmann,  381. 

FLANDIN,  EUGENE  NAPOLEON,  born 
in  Naples,  Aug.  15,  1809,  died  in  1876. 
Landscape  and  marine  painter,  studied  in 
Italy,  accompanied  the  French  expedition  to 
Constantino  in  1836,  visited  Persia  in  1840- 
41,  and  Assyria  in  1844  ;  published,  with  the 
architect  Pascal  Goste,  "Voyage  en  Perse," 
(Paris,  1843-54),  which  made  him  famous, 
followed  by  several  other  publications  on 
his  travels,  notably  "L'Orieut"  (1856-64). 
Medal,  2d  class,  1837  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1842. 
Works  :  View  of  Venice,  Bridge  of  Sighs 
(1830)  ;  View  of  Hotel  do  Ville  in  Algiers 
(1837)  ;  Storming  of  Constantino  (1838)  ; 
View  of  Golden  Horn  and  of  Stamboul,  Great 
Mosque  of  Ispahan,  View  of  Constantinople, 
Entrance  of  the  Bosporus  (1855)  ;  Interior 
of  St.  Mark's,  Venice,  View  of  Tripolis  (1857); 
Corner  of  Doge's  Palace,  Venice  (1866). — 
Larousse,  viii.  431. 

FLANDEIN,  (JEAN)  HIPPOLYTE,  born 
in  Lyons,  March  23, 
1801),  died  in  Rome, 
March  21,  18(54.  His- 
tory and  portrait 
painter,  son  of  a  poor 
miniature  painter ; 
studied  under  the 
sculptor  Legendre 
and  under  Revoil  in 
the  Lyons  Academy  ; 
then,  with  his  younger 
brother,  Paul,  a  pupil 

of  Ingres  in  Paris.  Won  in  1832  the  grand 
prix  de  Rome  with  his  Theseus  recognizing 
his  Father,  and  after  living  in  Rome  six 
years  returned  to  Paris  (1838)  and  executed 
many  decorative  works,  especially  in  St. 
Germain  des  Pres  (1842-61),  St.  Paul, 
Nimes  (1847-49),  St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  Paris 


(1850-54),  Conservatoire  des  Arts  et  Metiers 
(1854),  and  Church  of  Ainay,  near  Lyons 
(1855).  L.  of  Honour,  1841  ;  Officer,  1853  ; 
Member  of  Academy,  1853  ;  professor  of 
painting,  1857.  Works:  St.  Clair  healing  the 
Blind  (183C),  Nantes  Cathedral ;  Reverie, 
Nantes  Museum  ;  Euripides  (1835),  Dante 
and  Virgil  in  Purgatory  (1836),  Lyons  Mu- 
seum; Christ  blessing  Little  Children  (1837), 
Lisieux  Museum  ;  Savonarola  preaching  in 
Florence  (1840)  ;  Mater  Dolorosa  (1844)  ; 
Study  of  Figure  (1855),  portrait  of  Young 
Girl  (1863),  Louvre,  Paris  ;  Tower  of  Babel 
(1861),  Lille  Museum  ;  portraits  of  Cheru- 
bim after  Ingres,  Marie  Anne  de  Bourbon, 
Marie  Fr;\m;oise  de  Noailles,  Cardinal  de 
Tournon,  Diana  of  Poitiers,  Versailles  Mu- 
seum ;  and  portraits  of  Napoleon  III.,  Je- 
rome Napoleon,  Comte  Duchatel,  Comtesse 
Duchatel,  Comte  Walewski,  and  M.  Say. — 
Delaborde,  Lettres  et  Pensees  (Paris,  1865) ; 
Christian  Painter  of  19th  Century  (London, 
1875)  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Artistes  de  mon  Temps, 
263;  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (1864),  xvii.  105, 
243  ;  (1865),  xviii.  66,  187  ;  (1868),  xxiv.  20. 
FLAND1UN,  JEAN  PAUL,  born  in  Lyons, 
May  8,  1811.  Landscape  painter,  brother 
of  Hippolyte,  pupil  of  Ingres.  Medals  :  2d 
class,  1839  ;  1st  class,  1847  ;  2d  class,  1848  ; 
L.  of  Honour,  1852.  Works  :  Exile's  Fare- 
well (1839) ;  Shepherds'  Brawl,  Lioness  Hunt- 
ing (1847);  Penitents  of  the  Roman  Cam- 
pagna (1840);  Solitude,  Sabine  Mountains 
(1852),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Nymph's 
Grotto,  Gorge  of  Atlas,  The  Archers  (1855); 
Jesus  and  the  Canaanite  Woman,  The  Rhone, 
(1857);  Environs  of  Marseilles  (1859),  Angera 
Museum ;  Flight  into  Egypt,  Ministry  of  State; 
Park  of  Vaux-le-Peng  (1861) ;  Valley  of  Mont- 
morency  (1863);  Souvenir  of  Yeres,  Souvenir 
1  of  Southern  France  (1865);  View  in  Langue- 
doc,  Souvenir  of  Bugey  (1866);  Solitude 
(1867);  By  the  Water,  Abandoned  Race- 
Course  (1868);  Idyl,  During  the  Harvest 
(1869);  Grove  of  Green  Oaks,  Palace  of  the 
Popes  at  Avignon  (1870) ;  Souvenir  of  Pro- 
vence (1873);  Souvenir  of  Provence,  Idyl, 
Meadow  near  Nantua  (1874);  Souvenir  of 


FLATZ 


Bas-Breau,  Bonier  of  a  Pine  Wood  at  For- 
nic  (1875);  Landscape,  In  the  Woods  (1871!)  ; 
Garden  near  Nimes  (1877);  View  near  Eire- 
tat  (1878)  ;  View  in  Provence,  View  at  Bugey 

(1879);  River  Alberine,  Road  of  Etroits  near 
Lyons  (1880);  Souvenir  of  Bugey,  Provence 
(1881);  Road  near  Montmoreney,  View  from 
the  Heights  above  Sevres  (1882);  Landscape, 
Autumn  near  Montmorency  (1881$);  In  Au- 
tuinu,  Diggers  at  Work  (1884);  Autumn 
Reminiscence,  Shades  (1885).  Pictures  in 
the  Museums  of  Nimes,  Lyons,  and  Langres. 
His  elder  brother,  Auguste  Rene  (1804—  43), 
pupil  of  Ingres,  was  director  of  Lyons  Aead- 
emy.  —  Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  551!. 

FLATZ,  GEBHARD,  born  at  WoltVurt, 
Vorarlberg,  June  11,  1800.  History  painter, 
pupil  of  Vienna  Academy  ;  then  studied  at 
Munich,  and  went  to  Rome,  where,  except- 
iug  a  short  stay  at  Innsbriick,  he  has  since 
lived,  forming  himself  after  the  works  of 
Fra  Angelico  and  Raphael,  allied  in  close 
friendship  with  Overbeck,  and,  like  him, 
among  the  foremost  modern  painters  of  re- 
ligious  subjects.  Most  of  his  works  have 
been  bought  for  England  and  America, 
Works  :  Paris  challenged  by  Hector  (1827), 
Ferdinandenm,  Innsbriick  ;  Allegory  on  In- 
carnation  of  Christ  (1842);  Madonna  (1843); 
Transfiguration  of  St.  Francis  (1845);  Abra- 
ham  and  the  Angels  ;  Madonna  adoring  the 
Infant  ;  Fiesole  after  a  Vision  painting  the 
Madonna  ;  Mary  with  Martha,  John  and 
Lazarus  listening  to  the  Lord  ;  Christ  be- 
stowing  upon  Souls  in  Purgatory  the  Boon 
of  his  Sacrifice  (1854);  Bishop  of  Lodi, 
the  Founder  of  Figlie  del  sagro  Cuvrc  at 
Trent  ;  Mary  and  Joseph  adoring  the  new- 
born  Saviour,  Imperial  Chapel,  Vienna  ;  St. 
Francis  Xavier  on  his  Death-bed  ;  Cycle  of 
Five  Scenes  in  Life  of  Christ  (1858).  In 
fresco  :  Cycle  representing  the  Teaching  of 
Christ.  —  Wurzbach,  iv.  2(i4  ;  xxvi.  370. 

FLEMAEL  (Flemalle),  BARTHOLET, 
born  at  Liege,  May  23,  1614,  died  there, 
July  10,  1675.  Flemish  school  ;  history 
and  portrait  painter,  son  of  Renier  Fie- 
inael,  glass-painter  ;  pupil  of  Gerard  Douf- 


fct  and  of  Jordaens  ;  went  to  Italv  in  1G38, 
stayed  principally  at  Rome  and  Florence, 
and  on  his  way  homeward  painted  with 
great  repute  in  the  Carmelite  and  Angus- 
tin  churches  in  Paris,  where,  on  a  second 
visit  in  1(!70,  he  was  made  member  anil  pro- 
fessor  of  the  Academy.  Returned  to  LK-ge 
in  1<>47,  and  two  years  later  took  up  his 
abode  temporarily  at  Brussels.  Shows  the 
influence  of  Nicolas  Poussin.  Works  :  Chas- 
tisement  of  Heliodorus,  Brussels  Museum  ; 
Flight  of  ^neas  from  Troy,  Dresden  Gal- 
lery  ;  Alexander  leaving  for  Asia,  Death  of 
Lucretia,  C'assel  Gallerv  ;  Raising  of  the 
Cross,  Crucifixion,  Lii'-ge  Museum  ;  Nativ- 
ity,  Ca."n  Museum;  Mysteries  of  (lie  Old 
and  New  Testa  - 
ments,  Louvre.  — 
Biog.  nat.  de  l!el- 
gique,  vii.  !)(!  ;  Hel- 

big,  Hist,  de  la  peinture  u  Liege  ;  Fi'tis,  Les 
Artistes  beiges  a  IV-tranger,  ii.  371. 

FLERS,  CAMILLE,  born  in  Paris.  Feb. 
15,  1802,  died  at  Annet  (Seine-et-Marne), 
June  '27,  1868.  Landscape  painter,  pupil 
of  Paris.  Bred  in  the  old  school  of  land- 
scape  painting,  but  became  a  leader  of  the 
new  in  1831.  His  best  works  were  painted 
before  1855.  Medals:  ltd  class,  1810;  2.1 
class,  1847;  L.  of  Honour,  184!t.  Works: 
Cascade  of  Pissevache  (18:11);  Mill  on  the 
Marno  ;  View  of  the  Meillerave  ;  Road  in 
Normandy,  Environs  of  Dunkirk  ;  Animals 

,  in  a  Pasture,  Castle  of  Arques  ;  Environs  of 

:  Compiegne  ;  Mill  of  Toucque,  Island  of  Sa- 
moi's  (181(8);  Banks  of  the  Marno  (1818); 
Four  Seasons  (1855);  eight  views  and  in- 
teriors  (1857);  Willows  on  the  Beuvronne  ; 
Mill  of  Coillour  (185!));  Hazel  Trees  on 
Banks  of  the  Bresle  ;  Orchard  at  Aumale  ; 
Henriette  Island  at  Annet  ;  Tuileries  du  Pcr- 
rey  at  Havre  ;  Water-Mill  near  Quillelxeuf  ; 
Washing-Places  on  the  Bresle  ;  Mill  at  An- 
net  (1861);  The  Allier  at  Vichy  after  an  In- 
undation ;  Mill  at  Aunay  (1863).  —  Bellier  de 
la  Chavignerie,  i.  557. 

>     FLEURY,  FRANrOIS  AN 

[  born  in  Paris,  Dec.  18,  1804,  died  Oct.  !!•, 


63 


FLTCKEL 


1858.     Landscape  and  history  painter,  son  | 
and  pupil  of  Claude  Antoine  F.,  history  and 
portrait  painter  of  beginning  of  19th  cen- 
tury ;  later  pupil   of  Herseut   and   Berlin,  i 
Subjects  usually  taken  from  central  France. 
Medals  :  3d  class,  1841  ;  2d  class,  1837  ;  1st 
class,  1845  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1851.     Works  : 
Baptism   of  Christ,    St.   Marguerite,    Paris ; 
Saint  Genevieve,  St.  Etienne  du  Mont,  ib.; 
Ischia  (1833);  Environs  of  Maubeuge,  View! 
of   Clermont,    Hell's   Hole,   The  Bridge  of  j 
Archo  (1840);  Village  of  ('agues  (1845),  for- 
merly in  Luxembourg  Museum ;  Monte  Calvo,  j 
near' Nice,    Mill  of  Coutivert  (1847);   The' 
Clrove,  Pasture  in  Normandy,  Environs  of  j 
Trouville  (1852),  bought  by  the  Emperor;! 
View  on  Coast  of  Genoa,  Orleans  Museum  ; 
Landscape,   Nantes  Museum. — Gaz.  des   IS. 
Arts  (185!)),  i.  302. 

FLICKEL,  PAUL,  born  in  Berlin,  April 
8,  1852.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Wei- 
mar Art  School  under  Theodor  Hagen,  went 
in  1874  to  Diisseldorf,  and  settled  in  187G  in 
Berlin  ;  travelled  in  Germany  and  Austria, 
and  in  1877  in  Italy.  Works  :  Garden  near 
Naples  ;  Villa  d'Este  ;  View  of  Naples  from  : 
Capo  di  Moute. — Miiller,  178. 

FLIGHT  INTO  EGYPT  (Fr.,  Fuite  en 
Egypte  ;  It.,  Fuga  in  Egitto  ;  Sp.,  Huida  a 
Egipto  ;  Ger.,  Flucht  nach  Egypten).  The 
flight  of  Jesus,  Mary,  and  Joseph  into 
Egypt  to  escape  the  pursuit  of  Herod. 

By  (Jlaude  Lorrain,  Dresden  Museum ; 
canvas,  H.  3  ft.  3  in.  x  4  ft.  4  in.  The  Virgin, 
with  Jesus  in  her  arms,  is  mounted  upon  an 
ass,  which  is  preceded  by  an  angel ;  behind, 
Joseph,  leaning  on  his  staff.  The  landscape, 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  by  the  painter,  has 
a  cascade  in  the  iniddleground,  which  forms 
a  rivulet  crossed  by  a  bridge  ;  in  background, 
a  city  and  mountains.  Other  figures,  besides 
the  Holy  Family,  are  two  travellers  in  an- 
tique costume,  and  a  shepherd  and  shep- 
herdess. From  the  Mazarin  Collection.  An- 
other Flight  into  Egypt  by  Claude,  engraved 
by  Morel,  is  iu  the  Ashburton  Collection, 
London. 

By  Alexandre    ZM-aw^.s,  private   gallery, 


Paris  ;  canvas,  H.  9  in.  x  1  f t.  1  in.  The 
Holy  Family  about  to  cross  a  torrent  at 
evening  ;  an  angel  leads  by  the  bridle  the 
ass  upon  which  the  Virgin  and  Child  are 
sitting.  Salon,  1850  ;  Pereire  sale  (1872), 
15,150  francs. 

By  Edwin  Lony,  London  ;  canvas,  H.  8 
ft.  x  10  ft.  Called  by  the  painter  Anno 
Domini.  The  Holy  Family  in  foregi'ound, 
the  Virgin  and  Child  seated  upon  an  ass, 
beside  which  walks  Joseph  ;  beyond,  issu- 
ing from  the  gate  of  an  Egyptian  temple  in 
background,  at  the  left  of  which  the  Pyra- 
mids are  seen,  marches  a  procession — min- 
strels followed  by  bearers  of  the  golden  im- 
age of  Isis,  by  priests,  by  a  Roman  officer 
iu  a  chariot,  and  by  the  sacred  bull  Apis. 
In  the  foreground,  near  the  Holy  Family, 
are  a  young  lover  fastening  an  amulet  around 
the  neck  of  his  betrothed,  a  negro  carrying 
for  sale  a  tray  of  Egyptian  gods,  and  a 
mother  holding  in  her  arms  a  sick  child, 
before  whose  unconscious  face  three  girls 
and  a  negro  girl-slave  hold  up  images  of 
the  gods. 

By  Holman  Hunt.  See  Triumph  of  the 
Innocents. 

By  Mnrillo,  Duchesse  de  Galliera,  Paris ; 
canvas,  H.  7  ft.  x  5  ft.  G  in.  The  Virgin, 
mounted  on  an  ass  walking  to  right,  ten- 
derly regards  the  Child,  who  lies  with  his 
head  on  her  right  arm  ;  St.  Joseph,  in  broad- 
brimmed  hat  and  mantle,  walks  leading  the 
animal :  night  scene— landscape  of  arid 
country  with  tree  on  left.  First  manner. 
Painted  about  1G48  for  convent  of  La  Mer- 
ced Calzada,  now  the  Seville  Museum  ;  car- 
ried off  by  Soult  ;  sold  at  his  sale  for  51,500 
fr. — C.  Bermudez,  ii.  59,  Carta,  55 ;  Ponz, 
Viage,  ix.  107  ;  Curtis,  167. 

By  lliibe.ns,  Louvre  ;  wood,  H.  2  ft.  G  in. 
x  3  ft.  3  in.  Night  scene,  the  stars  and  the 
moon  reflected  in  the  water  of  a  river  which 
the  Holy  Family  are  about  to  cross.  Mary, 
holding  Jesus  in  her  arms,  is  seated  upon 
an  ass  led  by  an  angel,  while  a  second  angel 
flies  at  her  right ;  Joseph,  walking  with  his 
staff,  turns  and  looks  with  anxiety  at  two 


64 


FLIXCK 


horsemen  galloping  to  right  on  the  river- 
bank  ;  in  background,  left,  under  a  rock 
shaded  by  trees,  shepherds  and  their  flocks 
around  a  fire.  Collection  of  Louis  XIV. 
Engraved  by  I.  C.  Marinus  ;  C.  Galle  ;  11. 


Flight  into  Egypt,  Munllo,  Duchesse  de  Galliera. 


Lowry.  Same  composition  with  changes, 
Cossel  Gallery,  to  which  it  was  returned  in 
1815  from  Paris. 

By  Tiiitori'lto,  Scuola  di  S.  Rocco,  Venice  ; 
canvas.  A  lovely  landscape,  with  the  Ma- 
donna and  St.  Joseph  pacing  along  a  shady 
path  on  the  banks  of  a  river.  The  Virgin's 
head  is  very  beautiful  ;  the  head  of  the  ass 
is  wonderfully  painted. —  Ruskin,  Stones  of 
Venice,  iii.  328. 

By  Adrian  van  der  Wrrff,  Hague  Museum  ; 
wood,  H.  1  ft.  C  in.  x  1  ft.  3  in.;  signed,  dated 
1710.  The  Virgin,  with  Jesus  in  her  arms, 
is  seated  upon  an  ass  led  by  Joseph  beside 
a  stream,  near  which  are  trees  and  the  ruins 
of  a  portico.  Painted  by  the  artist  for  his 
daughter,  who  sold  it  for  4,000  florins  to 
J.  van  Schuyleuburg,  at  The  Hague,  from 
whom  it  passed  through  several  other  hands 


to  the  Hague  Museum.  Carried  to  Paris 
under  the  empire  ;  returned  in  1815.  En- 
graved by  Avril  in  Musee  fran<;ais. — Filhol. 

Subject  treated  also  by  Guido,  Brussels 
and  Naples  Museums;  Carlo  Marat ti,  Vi- 
enna Museum  ;  II  Scarsellino,  Dresden  Mu- 
seum ;  Alessandro  Turchi,  Madrid  Museum  ; 
Luca  Cambiaso,  Palazzo  Barberini,  Rome  ; 
(iaudcnzio  Ferrari,  Church  of  Minorites, 
Varallo  ;  Lodovico  Cardi,  Louvre  ;  L.  Bas- 
sano,  Madrid  Museum ;  Murillo,  Hermit- 
age, St.  Petersburg;  id.,  Pesth  Gallery; 
id.,  Mrs.  Culling  Hanbury,  Bedwell  Park, 
Herts  ;  Adam  Elsheimer,  Munich  and  Dres- 
den Galleries,  Louvre,  and  Liechtenstein 
Gallery,  Vienna;  Domenico  Feti,  Vienna 
Museum;  Filippo  Lauri,  ib. ;  Herri  de  Dies, 
ib.;  Joachim  de  Patinir,  Munich  and  Madrid 
Museums  and  London  Gallery  ;  Velvet  Brue- 
ghel, Besaneon  Museum  ;  Frans  Fraucken, 
elder,  Dresden  Museum  ;  Frans  Franeken, 
younger,  Uftix.i,  Florence  ;  Francois  Boucher, 
Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ;  Eugene  Deveria 
(Salon,  18t58);  P.  A.  Jeanron  (Exposition 
Universelle,  1855);  Joseph  Beaume  (ib.);  J. 
J.  Bellel  (ib.);  Paul  Flandrin  (Salon,  1HIJ1). 

FLLXCK,    GOVAFRT,    born    at    Cleves, 
Jan.  '25,   1(11  5, 
died   in   Amster- 
dam, Feb.  2,  i  <;<;o. 

Dutch  school  ; 
history  and  por- 
trait painter,  pu- 
pil of  Lambert 
Jacobzen  at  Leeu- 
warden,  then  of 
Rembrandt,  un- 
der whom  his 
talent  developed 

so  rapidly  that  after  one  year  his  pictures 
could  scarcely  be  distinguished  from  those 
of  the  master.  He  left  Rembrandt  in  l(!l!8, 
and  took  the  freedom  of  Amsterdam  in  Ki5'J. 
After  Eeckhout,  he  was  the  scholar  who  ap- 
proached nearest  to  Rembrandt.  His  best 
pictures  are  of  the  period  KJ40-50  ;  later, 
having  studied  the  old  Italian  masters,  lie 
aimed  at  precision  of  form  rather  than  at 


\ 


\ 


FLORA 


chiaroscuro  effects,  and  lost  ground.  He 
enjoyed  the  favour  of  the  Elector  William 
of  Brandenburg,  and  of  Prince  Maurice  of 
Nassau,  for  whom  he  executed  many  pict- 
ures. Works :  Annunciation  to  the  Shep- 
herd, Portrait  of  a  Young  Girl  (1G41), 
Louvre  ;  Female  portrait  (1040),  Brussels 
Museum  ;  Loving  Couple  (attributed),  Ant- 
werp Museum  ;  Isaac  blessing  Jacob  (1G38), 
Frte  of  the  Civic  Guard  (1048),  National 
Museum,  Amsterdam  ;  Marcus  Curius  Den- 
tatus,  Solomon  praying  for  Wisdom,  Royal 
Palace,  ib.  ;  The  Archers  (1042),  City  Hall, 
ib. ;  Portrait  of  a  Man  and  his  Sister  (1G4G), 
Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Solomon  and  Queen 
of  Sheba  (with  Dirk  van  Delen),  Lille  Mu- 
seum ;  Female  portrait  (1030),  Brunswick 
Museum  ;  do.,  Stiidel  Gallery,  Frankfort  ; 
Woman  and  Child,  Darmstadt  Museum  ; 
Guard  Room,  Old  Pinakothek  Munich;  3 
male  portraits  (two  dated  1G39,  1G43),  David 
and  Uriah,  Dresden  Gallery  ;  Female  por- 
trait (1641),  Expulsion  of  Hagar,  Berlin  Mu- 
seum ;  2  portraits,  Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  3 
portraits  (one  dated  1G37),  Hermitage,  St. 


Petersburg  ;  Portrait  of  Old  Man  (1051), 
Vienna  Museum  ;  Portrait,  of  a  Lady 
(1G48),  Marquis  of  Bute,  London  ;  Bath- 
sheba's  Appeal  to  David,  National  Gallery, 
Dublin.— Allgom.  d.  Biogr.,  vii.  122  ;  Ch. 
Blanc,  Ecole  hollandaise  ;  Havard,  A.  <fc  A. 
hoi.,  ii.  73  ;  Repertorium  f.  K.,  iv.  108  ; 
Riegel,  Beitriige,  ii.  2G9  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K., 
x.  224,  381. 

FLORA.     See  Columbine. 

FLORA,  Titian,  Uffizi,  Florence ;  canvas, 
life-size  figure,  seen  to  hip.  A  woman, 
lightly  clad,  her  hair  looped  with  a  silken 
cord  and  falling  in  waves  to  the  bosom, 


strives  with  one  hand  to  hold  the  muslin 
falling  from  her  shoulders  while  presenting 
roses,  jessamines,  and  violets  with  the  other 
to  some  unseen  person.  Painted  about 
1520.  Once  owned  by  Don  Alfonzo  Lopez, 


Flora,  Titian,  Uffizi,  Florence. 

who  also  owned  the  Ariosto  of  Cobham 
Hall  ;  first  exhibited  in  Florence  in  1793, 
when  taken  from  the  Duke's  Guardaroba. — 
C'.  A  C.,  Titian,  i.  270  ;  Lavice,  53. 

FLORA,  TRIUMPH  OF,  Nicolas  Pou^in, 
Louvre,  Paris  ;  canvas,  H.  5  ft.  5  in.  X  7  ft, 
11  in.  At  right,  Flora,  seated  upon  a  char- 
iot, drawn  by  two  loves  or  zephyrs,  and  pre- 
ceded by  women  and  men  singing  and  danc- 
ing, is  accompanied  by  nymphs,  youths,  and 
loves  bearing  flowers  ;  two  loves,  flying,  are 
[  about  to  crown  her ;  a  warrior,  standing, 
offers  flowers  in  a  buckler.  Painted  about 
1G30  for  Cardinal  Omodei,  whence  passed  to 
collection  of  Louis  XPV.  Engraved  by  E. 
Fessard  (1770),  Audran,  Marie  Horthemels. 
— Filhol,  iii.  PI.  199  ;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre. 

FLORE.     See  Fiore. 


FLOIIEXTIA 


FLORENTIA,  ANDREA  DA.  See  An- 
drea. 

FLORENTINE  POET,  Alexandra  Cn- 
banel,  J.  H.  Warren,  Hoosic  Falls,  N.  Y.  A 
young  poet  reading  one  of  his  compositions 
to  youthful  listeners,  seated  on  a  marble 
bench  in  a  garden.  Salon,  18(51.  Engraved  by 
A.  Huot.  Replica,  Israel  Corse,  New  York. 

FLORIGERIO,  SEBASTIANO,  of  Udine, 
born  about  beginning  of  16th  century,  died 
after  1543.  Venetian  school ;  pupil  and 
son-in-law  of  Pellegrino.  In  1525  he  painted 
an  altarpiece  for  S.  M.  di  Villauuova  near 
San  Daniele,  and  later  the  Conception,  now 
in  Venice  Academy.  The  St.  George  and 
the  Dragon  in  S.  Giorgio  of  Udine  was 
ordered  in  1529.  He  afterwards  painted  in 
Padua  until  1533.  In  1539  he  killed  a  man 
in  a  quarrel  at  Udine  and  tied  to  Cividale, 
where  he  remained  until  1543,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Udine.— C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  300  ; 
Vasari,  ix.  30  ;  Liibke,  Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  ii. 
(503. 

FLORIS,  FRANS  (Frans 
born  in  Ant- 
werp about 
1517-18,  died 
there,  Oct.  1, 
1570.  Flem- 
ish school ; 
history  and 
portrait  paint- 
er, son  and 
pupil  of  Cor- 
nelis  de  V.,  a 
stone  -  cutter, 
then  at  Liege  pupil  of  Lambert  Lombard  ; 
also  studied  in  Italy  under  influence  of 
Michelangelo.  In  1540  admitted  into  the 
guild  at  Antwerp,  where  he  opened  a  school, 
frequented  by  many  scholars,  among  whom 
were  several  afterwards  great  masters.  Led 
a  very  wild  life,  which  prevented  his  attain- 
ing the  fame  and  fortune  that  his  great  tal- 
ent and  the  patronage  of  his  friends  offered 
him.  His  sons,  Jeau  Baptiste  and  Frans, ; 
were  both  painters.  Works :  Fall  of  the 
Angels  (1554),  Adoration  of  the  Shepherds, 


do    Vriendt), 


St.  Luke  painting  the  Virgin,  Antwerp  Mu- 
seum ;  Nine  Muses,  Christ  and  Little  Chil- 
dren, Water-Wedding  at  Middelburg,  Am- 
sterdam Museum  ;  Last  Judgment  (15(!(i), 
Adoration  of  the  Magi  (finished  1571  l>y 
Hieronymus  Franeken),  Brussels  Museum  ; 
Falcon  Hunter  (1558),  Mars  and  Venus 
surprised  by  Vulcan,  Venus  and  Cupid, 
Brunswick  Museum  ;  Taking  of  Christ,  Cas- 
sel  Gallery;  Cain  ami  Abel,  Copenhagen 
Gallery  ;  Venus  and  Mars  (1517),  Lot  and 
his  Daughters,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Figure,  (if 
a  Woman,  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Adam 
and  Eve  under  tlie  Tree,  Adam  and  Evo 
driven  from  Paradise,  Holy  Family,  Vienna 
Museum  ;  Deluge,  portraits  (2),  Madrid  Mu- 
seum.— Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  flamande  ;  15i»g. 
nat.  do  Belgiqiie,  vii.  120  ;  Cat.  du  Museo 
d'.Vnvers  (1S74),  13!);  Dolimc,  lii.  ;  F.'-tis, 
Cat.  du  Mus.  royal,  317;  Michiels,  v.  I'lfJ  ; 
Riegel,  Beitriige,  ii.  17  ;  Rooscs  ( Iteber),  1)3; 
Van  den  Branden,  17:!. 

FLOItl/EL  AND  PKRDITA.  Charles  R. 
f.iv/it;  South  Kensington  Museum  ;  canvas, 
H.  1  ft.  II  in.  X  2  ft.  5  in.  Scene  from  Win- 
ter's Tale,  Act  IV.,  Scene  3.  Perdita,  stand- 
ing, presenting  (lowers  to  Polyxcnes  and 
Camillo,  seated  at  right  in  shepherd's  cot- 
tage ;  behind  her  is  Florixel,  and  at  her  side, 
at  left,  Dorcas,  a  true  shepherdess.  Hoval 
Academy,  1S37.  Engraved  by  L.  Stocks. — 
Art  Journal  (18(57),  4. 

FLOWER  GIRL,  Mnrillo,  Dulwich  Gal- 
lery ;  canvas,  H.  3  ft.  11  in.  X  3  ft.  2  in.;  has 
been  enlarged,  original  size  3  ft.  5J;x2  ft. 
9J.  In  white  turban,  yellow  robe,  white 
sleeves,  seated  on  a  stone  bench,  holding 
with  both  hands  the  end  of  a  brown  em- 
broidered scarf  which  falls  from  her  left 
shoulder,  and  smilingly  offering  to  the  spec- 
tator the  four  roses  it  contains  ;  on  left  a  pi- 
laster ;  at  right  a  landscape  with  cloudy  sky. 
Countess  de  Verruc  sale,  1737  ;  Blondel  de 
Gagny  sale,  Paris  (177(5),  12,000  liv.;  Ca- 
lonne  sale,  London  (1795),  €(572,  to  Mr. 
Desenfans,  whose  heir,  Sir  Francis  Bour- 
geois, bequeathed  it  to  Dulwich  College. 
Old  copy  in  Akademie  der  Bildeudeu  Kuust, 


67 


FLOWER 


Vienna.  Engraved  by  J.  H.  Robinson,  P. 
Lightfoot,  S.  C.  Hull,  11.  Graves,  A.  H. 
Payne,  H.  Cockburn,  C.  Cousen. — Curtis, 
281 ;  Art  Journal,  1877  ;  Art  Union,  18-11  ; 
Scott,  Murillo  ;  Waagen,  ii.  340  ;  Ch.  Blanc, 
Murillo,  l(i  ;  Jameson,  Public  Galleries,  483; 
Richter,  Dulwich  Cat.,  99. 

FLOWER  MARKET,  Firmiu  Giranl,  T. 
R.  Butler,  New  York.  Scene  on  the  quay 
where  the  flower-market  of  Paris  is  held, 
with  groups  buying  and  selling ;  in  back- 
ground, the  Seine  and  architecture.  Salon, 
187G.  Etched  by  Gustavo  Greux.— I/Art 
(1870),  ii.  300  ;  iii.  240. 

FLUGGEN,  GISBERT,  born  in  Cologne, 
Feb.  9,  1811,  died  in  Munich,  Sept.  3,  1859. 
( Jeiiro  painter,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Acad- 
emy. In  1835  he  settled  in  Munich.  Has 
been  called  the  German  Wilkie  on  account 
of  the  similarity  in  subject  and  character  of 
his  works  to  those  of  the  Scotch  master. 
Works  :  Servants  Surprised  (1839),  Hermit- 
age, St.  Petersburg  ;  Chess  Players,  Inter- 
rupted Marriage  Contract  (1840);  Unlucky 
Player  (1841),  Mentz  Museum ;  Deciding 
the  Lawsuit  (1847);  Betrothal,  Tasting  Wine, 
Morning  Kiss,  Opening  of  Will,  Money 
Changers  (1850) ;  Seizure  for  Debt  at  Young 
Musician's  (1854);  Disappointed  Legacy  i 
Hunters  (1848),  Hanover  Gallery  ;  Specula- 
tors ;  Last  Moments  of  King  Frederic  Au- 
gustus of  Saxony  ;  Anteroom  of  a  Prince 
(1859),  New  Pinakothek,  Munich.— Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  vii.  140  ;  ISrockhaus,  iv.  982. 

FLUGGEN,  JOSEF,  born  in  Munich, 
April  3, 1842.  History  and  portrait  painter, 
son  of  Gisbcrt,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy 
and  of  Piloty,  went  in  1800  to  Paris,  Lon- 
don, Brussels,  and  Antwerp,  where  he  was ' 
influenced  by  Leys.  Now  professor  in  Mu- 
nich Academy.  Works  :  Elizabeth  of  Thu- 
ringia  (1807);  The  Hostess'  Daughter  (1809); 
Family  Happiness  ;  On  Coast  of  Genoa  ; 
Pouting  Love-Couple  ;  Milton  dictating 
Paradise  Lost ;  Landgravine  Margaret  tak- 
ing Leave  of  her  Children  ;  Regina  Imhof 
(1877);  Baptism  of  Emperor  Maximilian  I. 
(1879);  First  Booty  (1881);  Last  Jewel, 


(1884);  King  Karl's  Sea-trip  (1885),  Royal 
Palace,  Bucharest. — Brockhaus,  vi.  929  ; 
Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1882),  i.  9  ;  N.  illustr.  Zeitg. 
(1880),  ii.  503  ;  Land  und  Meer  (1870),  i. 
212  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K,  xix.  135. 

FOGOLINO,  MARCELLO,  of  Vicenza, 
first  half  of  10th  century.  Venetian  school ; 
a  native  of  the  district  of  Friuli,  he  was  ap- 
prenticed at  Vicenza,  and  spent  some  of  his 
later  years  in  San  Vito  ;  painted  also  in  Por- 
denone  and  in  Trent.  His  early  work  is  in 
the  manner  of  Verlas  and  Speranza,  but  his 
later  pictures  show  the  influence  of  Raph- 
aelesque  models.  Among  the  latter  are  the 
;  Virgin  crowned  by  Angels  in  the  Santissima 
Trimta,  Trent,  and  the  Madonna  and  Saints 
in  the  church  of  Bovo,  near  Trent. — C.  & 
C.,  N.  Italy,  i.  443. 

EOHR,  DANIEL,  born  at  Heidelberg, 
May  13,  1801,  died  at  Baden-Baden,  June 
25,  1802.  Landscape  painter,  brother  of 
Karl  Ph.  F.,  self-taught,  came  in  1829  to 
Munich,  where  he  rapidly  gained  reputation. 
Works :  Wood  Landscape  with  Mazeppu, 
View  of  Konigsee  (1830) ;  The  Steinberg 
near  Berchtesgarten  (1837),  Four  Seasons 
or  Four  Epochs  of  German  History,  Carls- 
ruhe  Gallery. 

FOHR,  KARL  PHILIPP,  born  at  Heidel- 
berg, Nov.  20,  1795,  died  in  Rome,  June  29, 
1818.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Munich 
Academy.  Influenced  by  Josef  Anton  Koch 
at  Rome,  where  he  was  drowned  while  bath- 
ing in  the  Tiber.  Works :  In  Carlsruhe 
and  Darmstadt  Museums,  and  Stadel  Gal- 
lery, Frankfort.  —  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  vii. 
147  ;  Dieftenbach,  Leben  des  Malers  K.  F. 
(Darmstadt,  1823). 

FOLTZ,  PHILIPP,  born  at  Bingen,  May 
11,  1805,  died  in  Munich,  August  5,  1877. 
History  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Diissel- 
dorf and  Munich  Academies  under  Corne- 
lius, whom  he  assisted  in  the  decoration  of 
the  Glyptothek.  After  painting  some  fres- 
cos in  the  new  Royal  Palace,  he  went  to 
Rome  in  1835,  and  on  his  return  became 
professor  at  the  Munich  Academy  in  1839, 
and  director  of  the  Central  Gallery  in  1855. 


FONTAINE 

Works  :  Suliote  Woman  keeping  Watch  for  FONTAINEBLKAU,  FOREST  OF,  Nar- 

her  Father,  Huntsman  on  Rocky  Cliff,  Fish-  ciso  Duiz  do  la  Pefia,  T.  W.  Walters,  Balti- 

eriuaidcn   on   Strand,  Fisherman's  Family  more  ;  canvas,   H.  2  ft.  (i  in.  x  2  ft.   1  in. ; 

expecting  Father,  Fisherwoman  on  Achen  dated  1871.     Autumn  scene.     Dia/.  painted 

Lake,  Two  Chamois  Hunters,  Hunter  and  many  views  of  the  Forest  of  Fontainebleau, 

Shepherdess,   Knight  and  his   Sweetheart,  some  of  which  are  in  the  following  collec- 

Greek  Women  on  Battlefield  all  in  (1820  tions  :  W.  H.  Vunderbilt,  New  York  ;  Sani- 

35);    Two    Madonnas,    Holy   Family,    The  uel Hawk,  ib.;  M.  Graham,  ib.;  J.  W.  Drexel, 

Diver,   The   Princess,   Count   of  Hapsburg  ib.;   J.   T.   Martin,   Brooklyn  ;    R.   C.   Tuft. 

(1835-38);  Minstrel's  Curse  (18:!8),  Cologne  Providence  ;  H.    P.    Kidder,   Boston;    Mrs. 

Museum  ;  Scene  on  the  Isar  near  Munich,  W.  P.  Wilstach,  Philadelphia. 

Darmstadt  Museum  ;  Madonna  (1839) ;  Em-  By  Theodore  HnKnai'iin,  Louvre;  canvas, 

peror    Sigismund,    ROmersaal,    Frankfort  ;  H.  4  ft.  7  in.  x  (>  ft.  5  in. ;  signed.     Sunset 

Frederic  Barbarossa  kneeling  before  Henry  scene  on  the  border  of  the  forest.     Salon  of 

the  Lion  (1852);  Age  of  Pericles,  Maximili-  1855  ;  formerly  in  Luxembourg.      Rousseau 

aneum,  Munich  ;  Italian  Mother  with  Chil-  spent  many  years  in  the  Forest  of  Fontaine- 

dren  by  the  Sea,  Pilgrimage  in  the  Moun-  bleau,  which  supplied   him  with  numerous 

tains,   Peasant  Woman  and  Child  ;    Scene  subjects. 

from  Defence  of  Tyrol,  Brera  Gallery,  Mi-  FONTANA,  LAVIN1A,  born  in  Bologna, 

Ian  ;  two  great  Hunting  Scenes  ;  Rhino  Lc-  Aug.  2(i,  1552, 

gends,   Schonborn    Palace,    Munich ;    G<itz  died    in   Rome 

von   Berlichingen    and   the   Monk,    Vienna  in    1<!14.      Bo-                              ('  ,1 

Museum  ;  King  Louis  I.  and  Family  look-  lognesc  school ;           K  ^-~       ,  \  '<& 

ing  at  Painting,  Madonna,  Frauenlob.    Fres-  daughter    and           (7  V       ' ~' *  ' 

cos:    Foundation  of  Academy  of  Science,  pupil  of   Pros- 

and  four  Allegorical  Figures,  Arcades,  royal  pero   Fontana  ; 

garden,  Munich  ;  twenty-three  scenes  from  married    Paolo    (_    ••     •  ,<f 


Schiller's  and  nineteen  from  Burger's  Bui-  Zappi,  son  of  a    -T~T-/,-        v; 

lads,  Royal  Palace,  Munich  ;  Times  of  Dav,  rich    merchant       |  ^    \    X,  -•'<<'  j[  /".-  • 

Gods  of  Greece  instructing  Man,  Schonborn  of  Imola,   who  '    ^'^>j-^i'\ 

.  .                                    *  "^       /  '^ 

Palace,    Munich. — Allgem.    d.    Biogr.,    vii.  aspired  to  be  a 

150  ;  Brockhaus,  vi.  943  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  painter,  but  without  success.  I^ivinia  went 
xii.  771  ;  Illnstr.  Zeitg.  (1881),  i.  lili:!.  to  Rome  about  15!)2,  and  won  considerable 
FONTAINE,  EDME  ADOLPHE,  born  at  reputation  us  a  portrait  painter.  She  also 
Noisy-le-Grand  (Seine-et-Oise),  May  8,  1814.  executed  several  altarpicces  like  her  father's 
Portrait,  genre,  and  landscape  painter,  pu-  in  colour,  but  inferior  in  design  and  execu- 
pil  of  Leon  Cogniet.  Medal,  3d  class,  1852.  tion.  Works  at  Bologna  :  Virgin  and  Saints, 
Works:  Ibrahim  Pasha  at  the  Military  School  S.  Giacomo  Maggiore  ;  do.,  La  Madonna  del 
of  Saint  Cyr  (1847-85);  Supreme  Court  at 
Versailles  (1850-55)  ;  Visit  of  Napoleon  HL 
to  School  of  Saiut-Cyr  (1853) ;  The  Let- 
ter (1857) ;  Attack  of  Sclinghinsk  Earth- 
work, February  23,  1855  (1859);  Mass  at  /I  V/ V/ A 
Pont  1'Abbe,  Studio  Interior  (1861)  ;  Cscsar  L 
nnd  his  Fortune  (1863);  Bay  of  Audierne,  f/JA/TA/i/AP 
Finistere,  Villa  of  Quintiliau  ou  the  Via  Ap-  **** 
pia  (1875)  ;  Studio  Interior  (1878). — Bellier  Baracano  ;  Miracle  of  Loaves  and  Fishes, 
de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  561.  Chicsa  dei  Heudicauti ;  Crucifixion,  S.  Lu- 


FONT ANA 

cia  ;  Birth  of  Virgin,  S.  Trinita  ;  Madonna,  j  tie  of  Gaillard  (1804),  Lisieux  Museum  ; 
Ascension,  Pieve  di  Cento.— Malvasia,  i.  173;  Seine  near  Euins  of  the  Castle  of  Tancar- 
Lanzi,  iii.  42  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  £cole  bolouaise  ;  ville,  Top  of  the  Sulphur  Mine  in  Guada- 
(Jualaiuli,  Guida,  138,  140,  100.  j  loupe  (18G5) ;  Village  of  Unterseen,  Church 

FONTANA,  PHOSPERO,  born  in  Bo-  i  of  St.  Bernard  de  Comminges  (186G) ;  Vil- 
logna  in  1512,  died  in  Home  in  1597.  Bo-  lage  of  Vezillon,  High  Tide  between  Havre 
lognese  school,  pupil  of  Innoceuzo  da  Im-  and  Houfleur  (18G8),  Laval  Museum  ;  Seine 
ola  ;  went  to  France  to  aid  Primaticcio  at  between  Rouen  and  Havre  (1869)  ;  View  in 
Foutainebleau,  but  was  taken  ill  and  had  to  ;  Valley  of  the  Touque  (1870) ;  Road  from 
return.  Painted  chiefly  in  Bologna  and  in  Meyringen  to  Goutan  (1872)  ;  Farm  near 
Rome.  He  was  devoted  to  pleasure,  and  Rouen  (1874)  ;  Seine  at  LesAndelys  (1875)  ; 
his  many  (chiefly  historical)  works  are  cxe-  j  Ruins  of  Castle  in  Valley  of  Lauterbrunnen 
cuted  with  little  care.  His  best  pictures  are  '  (187G);  Farm  on  Heightsof  Avranches(1877); 


his  portraits.  Among  his  works  are  :  Dec- 
orations in  Vigna  di  Papa  Giulio  near 
Rome ;  Altarpiece,  S.  Salvatore,  Bologna 


Villiers  (1878) ;  Farm  near  Pontorson,  Pic 
du  Midi  near  Pau  (1879)  ;  Coast  of  Honfleur, 
Farm  in  Normandy  (1880)  ;  Farm  in  Pi- 


Entombment,  Bologna  Gallery  ;  Charity  of  cardy,  View  near  Villiers-sur-Mer  (1882)  ; 
S.  Alexis,  S.  Giacomo  Maggiore,  Bologna ;  Squall  on  the  Coast  of  Normandy,  Cliffs  at 
Holy  Family,  Dresden  Gallery  ;  Annuncia-  Puy  (1883)  ;  Cliffs  near  Chateau  of  Dieppe 
tion,  Brera,  Milan  ;  Visitation,  Estense  Gal-  (1884);  Last  Judgment,  Entrance  to  Dieppe 
ler\',  Modena. — Malvasia,  i.  173  ;  Lanzi,  iii.  '  (1885). 

42^;  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  bolonaise  ;  Vasari,  ed.  i  FON VILLE,  HORACE,  born  at  Lyons  in 
Le  Mon.,  ix.  95 ;  xii.  Ill  ;  xiii.  5,  183.  1832.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  his 

FONTANA,  ROBERTO,  born  in  Milan  in  father  and  of  Appiau.  Works  :  Chateau  de 
1S44.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Milan  Acad-  la  Pape  near  Lyons  (1833)  ;  View  of  Lyons 
emy.  Medal,  Milan,  1871!.  Works:  Scene  (1840);  Landscape  in  the  Haut-Bugey  (1864); 
in  Robert  le  Diable  ;  Wooing ;  JEsop  relat-  At  Rossillon,  Ain  (1870)  ;  Road  in  Moun- 
ing  his  Fables  (1870).  tains  of  Haut-Bugey  (1874),  Luxembourg 

FONTENAY,  ALEXIS  DALIGH  DE,  Museum  ;  Ain  River  at  Neuville  (1876); 
born  in  Paris,  April  21),  1813.  Landscape  Souvenir  of  Virieux-le-Grand  (1877)  ;  Land- 
painter,  pupil  of  Watclet  and  Hersent.  Has  scape  in  Bugey  (1879). 

won  a  good  reputation  as  a  faithful  deline- 1  FOPPA,  VINCENZO,  the  elder,  born  at 
ator  of  nature.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1841  ;  Foppa,  province  of  Pavia,  died  in  Brescia  in 
2d  class,  1844,  1801,  and  1863.  Works  :' 1492.  Lombard  school ;  a  disciple  probably 
View  on  the  Grimsel  Road  (1841)  ;  View  on  |  of  Squarcione,  but  nothing  known  of  him 
Road  to  the  Maladetta,  Pyrenees  (1843),  before  his  engagement  in  Milan  in  1456, 
Marseilles  Museum  ;  Environs  of  Luz  (1844);  when  he  called  himself  a  citizen  of  Brescia. 
Great  Sulphur  Mine  (1845)  ;  Fort  Royal  In  1461  he  was  in  Pavia,  where  he  painted 
(1847)  ;  Bernese  Oberland  (1848)  ;  Road  in  1462  frescos  in  the  Carmine,  and  in  1465 
from  Bastia  to  Ajaccio  (1852) ;  Isle  of  Elba  a  chapel  in  the  Certosa.  At  a  later  date  he 
(1852),  Montauban  Museum ;  Farm  and  worked  in  Savona  and  in  Brescia.  His 
Castle  (1855),  Nantes  Museum  ;  Valley  of  earlier  pictures  show  the  prominent  charac- 
Lauterbrunnen (1857), Moutpellier Museum;  teristics  of  the  Paduan  school,  but  in  the 
Gulf  of  Ajaccio  (1859),  Strassburg  Museum  ;  course  of  years  he  shook  off  Mantegnesque 
Wetterhorn  and  Grindelwald  (1861)  ;  Castle  peculiarities  and  gained  the  mastery  which 
of  Unspunneu  (1803),  Saint-Quentin  Muse-  comes  from  long  practice.  Among  his  best 
um ;  View  in  Bernese  Oberland,  Gallery  at '  extant  works  are  the  St.  Sebastian,  Brera, 
Monaye  (1863)  ;  View  near  Unterseen,  Cas- ,  Milan,  and  the  altarpiece  in  sis  panels  in  S. 


FOPPA 


M.  di  Castello,  Savona,  dated  1480.  Other 
examples  are  :  Adoration  of  the  Magi,  Na- 
tional Gallery,  London,  ascribed  to  Barto- 
lonimeo  Suardi,  and  frescos  in  the  Carmine, 
Brescia,  also  St.  Jerome,  Crucifixion,  Ber- 
gamo Gallery.— C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  2  ;  Va- 
sari,  ed.  Le  Mou.,  iii.  285  ;  vi.  84  ;  Siret, 
3*23 ;  Calvi,  Notizie,  etc.,  55  ;  Ch.  Blanc, 
f'cole  milanaise  ;  Burcklmrdt,  007  ;  Liibke, 
Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  i.  487. 

FOPPA,  VINCENZO,  the  younger,  of 
Brescia,  IGth  century.  Lombard  school ; 
probably  son  and  pupil  of  above,  in  his  fres- 
cos in  S.  Giulia,  S.  Sal  vat  ore,  and  S.  M. 
in  Solario,  Brescia.  In  his  later  works,  in 
S.  M.  delle  Grazie  and  S.  Nazzaro  c  Celso, 
Brescia,  he  shows  himself  a  follower  of  Mo- 
retto  and  Romanino. — C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii. 
432  ;  Burckhardt,  010. 

FORABOSCO.     See  F<rah<>.<cn. 

FORBES,  EDWIN,  born  in  New  York  in 
1839.  Landscape  and  genre  painter,  pupil 
of  A.  F.  Tait  in  1850.  During  the  American 
civil  war  he  acted  as  special  artist  for  Frank 
Leslie's  illustrated  paper,  and  subsequently 
painted  his  Lull  in  the  Fight.  His  Life 
Studies  of  the  Great  Army,  etchings  on  cup- 
per, were  presented  to  the  United  States 
Government  by  General  Sherman,  and  are 
preserved  in  the  War  Office  at  Washington. 
In  1877  he  was  elected  an  honorary  member 
of  the  London  Etching  Club.  Studio  in 
Brooklyn.  Works :  Earl}-  Morning  in  an 
Orange  County  Pasture  (1870);  On  the  Skir- 
mish Line,  Stormy  March,  Roughing,  On 
the  Meadows  (1880);  Evening  in  the  Sheep 
Pasture  (1881). 

FORBFN,  LOUIS  NICOLAS  PHILIPPE 
AUGUSTE,  Comte  de,  born  at  Chateau  de 
la  Roquo  d'Anthcron  (Bouches-du-Rh<'>ne), 
Aug.  19,  1777,  died  in  Paris,  Feb.  '23,  1841. 
Landscape  and  interior  painter,  pupil  in 
Lyons  of  Boissieu  and  in  Paris  of  David  ; 
took  part  in  the  several  campaigns  between 
1705  and  1800,  when  he  resigned,  and  in 
Rome  devoted  himself  to  art ;  returned  to 
Paris  in  1814,  and  after  the  restoration  was 
made  member  of  the  Institute  and  director 


of  the  royal  museums.  He  reorganized  the 
Louvre,  and  founded  the  Luxembourg  Mu- 
seum. In  1817-18  he  visited  Syria,  Greece, 
and  Egypt,  and  in  1810  published  a  splen- 
did work,  "Voyage  dans  le  Levant."  The  fig- 
ures in  his  pictures  were  supplied  by  Granet. 
Chamberlain  ;  L.  of  Honour,  18(10  ;  Otlicer, 
1S17  ;  Commander,  1S22  ;  Order  of  St.  Mi- 
chael ;  member  of  many  Academies.  Works  : 
Interior  of  Ancient  Monument  (1SOO);  Death 
of  Pliny  at  Eruption  of  Vesuvius  (1SOI1); 
Nun  in  Prison  of  Inquisition  (IS'");  Death 
of  King  Andrew  of  Hungary,  Inez  de  Castro 
(1810);  Interior  of  Monastery  (l*2t);  Pro- 
cession of  the  League  (1S31);  Vestibule  of 
Monastery  (1830),  Chapel  in  Coliseum  (1N34), 
with  Granet,  Louvre  ;  Moor  accused  of  aid- 
ing Flight  of  a  Nun.  Larousse,  viii.  5SO  ; 
Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Mever,  Geseh.,  I  IS 

FOREST,  JEAN  BAPTISTK,  burn  in 
Paris  in  1030, 
il  i  e  d  there, 
March  17,  1712. 
French  school  ; 
landscape  paint  - 
er,  son  and  pupil 
of  Pierre  Forest, 
then  in  Rome 
pupil  of  Pietro 
Francesco  Mola; 
ha  vi  n  g  a  1  s  o 
formed  himself  after  Titian  and  Giorgione, 
he  returned  from  Italy  after  a  sojourn  of 
seven  years,  and  was  received  into  the  Acad- 
emy in  1074.  Visited  Italy  a  second  time, 
commissioned  by  M.  de  Seignelav,  Minister 
of  State,  to  buy  pictures  by  old  masters,  of 
which  he  was  a  great  connoisseur.  Some  of 
his  works  are  in  the  Museum  at  Tours,  but. 
most  of  his  pictures  have  become  blackened 
from  his  use  of  perishable  pigments. — Ch. 
Blanc,  T-icole  francaise,  i.;  D'Argenville,  v. 
185. 

FORESTIER,  HENRI  JOSEPH,  born  in 
Santo  Domingo  in  1787,  died  in  Paris,  Dec. 
23,  1874.  History  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Vincent  and  David,  then  of  EVole  des  Beaux 
Arts  ;  won  grand  prix  de  Rome  in  1813  and 


71 


FORMANN 


went  to  Rome  ;  after  his  return  also  painted 
genre  scenes.  L.  of  Honour,  1832.  Works  : 
Anacreon  and  Cupid  ;  Ecce  Homo  (1819); 
Christ  healing  a  Young  Man  Possessed  (1827), 
Louvre  ;  Calling  of  St.  Fronto  (1831),  Min- 
istry of  Public  Works ;  Good  Samaritan 
(1835),  Prefecture  de  la  Seine  ;  Funeral  of 
William  the  Conqueror  (1855). — Larousse. 

FORMANN,  HELENA,  Rubens,  Blen- 
heim Palace  ;  canvas,  H.  G  ft.  G  in.  x  4  ft. 
G  in.  Rubens'  second  wife,  full-length,  in 
a  black  silk  dress,  with  white  satin  sleeves 
adorned  with  pearls,  and  a  black  velvet  cap, 
walking  in  the  open  air,  followed  by  a  page 
with  his  hat  in  his  hand.  Engraved  by 
Earlom.  Other  portraits  of  her  by  Rubens 
at  Windsor  Castle,  and  in  Dresden,  Munich, 
Berlin  (St.  Cecilia],  Vienna,  The  Hague, 
Louvre,  and  Hermitage  Galleries. — Waagen, 
Art  Treasures,  iii.  12G  ;  Smith,  ii.  242. 

FORNARINA,  LA,  Sebastian  del  Piombo, 
Blenheim,  England  ;  wood,  life-sixe.  Abeau- 


a  striped  cloth  tied  over  the  crown  of  the 
head  ;  low  white  dress  showing  neck  ;  right 
hand  supporting  the  fur  collar  of  a  red  vel- 
vet mantle,  the  left  holding  a  basket  of  fruit 


La  Fornarina,  Sebastian  del  Piombo,  Uffizi,  Florence. 


La  Fornarina,  Raphael,  Palazzo  Barberini,  Rome. 

and  flowers.  Called  also  Dorothea.  Attrib- 
uted to  Raphael ;  engraved  as  a  Raphael  by 
Bernardi,  T.  Chambers,  and  others.  Infe- 
rior replica  in  Casa  Persico  Cittadella,  Ve- 
rona.—C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  320  ;  Waagen, 
Treasures,  iii.  125. 

By  Sebastian  del  Piombo  (attributed  to 
Raphael),  Uffizi,  Florence  ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft. 
2  in.  xl  ft.  10  in.;  dated  1512.  The  bust 
of  a  young  and  beautiful  lady  of  rank,  nearly 
full  face,  with  a  wreath  of  gold  leaves  on 
her  head  ;  dress,  a  blue  velvet  bodice  with 
muslin  chemisette,  and  a  green  velvet  man- 
tle with  panther-skin  collar.  The  gold  chain 
on  her  neck  is  by  some  restorer.  In  posses- 
sion of  the  Medici,  Florence,  since  1589. 
Kugler  thinks  it  a  portrait  of  Vittoria  Co- 


tiful  woman  sitting,  turned  to  left,  her  head  lonna  ;  others,  of  the  Improvisatrice  Beatrice 
almost  facing  the  spectator  ;  her  hair,  bound  da  Ferrara.  Copy  attributed  to  Giulio  Ro- 
in  a  mass  at  the  back  of  the  neck,  set  off  by  mano  in  Palazzo  Corsini,  Rome.  Engraved 


73 


FORNASO 


as  a  Rapliael  by  R.  Morghen  and  others. — 
Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  357  ;  v.  507  ;  C.  &  C.,  N. 
Italy,  ii.  319  ;  Passavant ;  Kugler  (Eastlakc), 
ii.  4G5  ;  Rosiui,  iv.  241 ;  Burckhardt,  000, 
722. 

By  Itaphai'l,  Palazzo  Barberini,  Rome ; 
figure  to  the  knees.  A  half-nude  woman, 
seated  in  a  myrtle  and  laurel  wood,  with  a 
striped  yellow  cloth  about  her  head  and  her 
hair  bound  with  a  circlet  of  gold  with  leaves 
and  flowers,  garnished  with  precious  stones  ; 
her  right  hand  holds  light  gauze  against  her 
breast,  her  left  lies  carelessly  on  the  red  gar- 
ment over  her  knees.  On  a  bracelet  on  her 
left  arm  is  inscribed  Raphael  Urbinas.  Com- 
monly called  Raphael's  Mistress  ;  name  For- 
narina  (bakeress),  given  about  middle  of  last 
century.  Many  copies.  Painted  about  1501)  ; 
in  15!)5  was  in  the  Casa  Sanla  Fiora,  Rome  ; 
acquired  about  1042  by  Barbcrini  family. 
Engraved  by  Cunego,  Desnoyers,  Godefroy, 
Anbert. — Vasari,  cd.  Mil.,  iv.  355  ;  Runiohr, 
Ital.  Forsch.,  iii.  ll:i;  Passavant,  ii.  !)!)  ; 
Milntx,  387,  0()(i  ;  Gruyer,  Portraits  do  la 
Fornarina  ;  Archivio  della  Societa  Romana 
di  Storia  Patria,  ii.  (1878)  40;  iii.  (18711) 
234  ;  Kugler  (Eastlake),  ii.  405  ;  Springer, 
251,  5(l!t. 

FORNASO,  IL.     See  <'i, ;;•<•>,  i,,. 

FORSTER,  EHNST  JOACHIM,  born  at 
Miinchengosserstadt, 
near  Altenburg,  April 
8,  1800,  died  in  Mu- 
nich, April  2!»,  1SH5. 
History  and  portrait 
painter  and  art  writ- 
er, pupil  in  Berlin 
of  K.  /immermann 
and  W.  Sehadow, 
studied  then  in  Dres- 
den, and  from  1832 

in  Munich  under  Cornelius.  In  1824-25 
he  painted  frescos  in  the  Hall  of  Bonn 
University.  He  twice  visited  Italy,  and  in 
1837-40  discovered  and  restored  Altichieri's 
wall  paintings  in  the  Chapel  of  St.  George 
in  8.  Antonio,  Padua.  Lives  in  Munich. 
Works  :  Hellas  Liberated  ;  Giotto  and  Ciui- 


abue  ;  Portraits  of  Duke  and  Duchess  of 
Altenburg  and  Children.  Frescos  :  The- 
ology (1824-25),  Aula,  Bonn  University  ; 
Liberation  of  German  Army 
through  Otto  von  Wittelsbach, 
near  Verona,  Arcades,  Royal 
Garden,  Munich  ;  Scenes  from 
Goethe's  Poems  and  Scenes  from 
Wieland's  Musarion  and  (irazien 
( 1833),  Royal  Palace,  Munich.  — Kunst-Chro- 
nik,  xx.  003  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  vi.  1148. 

FORHTERLJNG,  O1TO,  born  in  Berlin, 
June  18, 1843.  Genre  and  landscape  paint- 
er, pupil  of  Berlin  Academy  and  of  Julius 
Schrador,  settled  in  18(17  at  Klein  /schaeh- 
witz,  near  Dresden,  whence  lie  visited  Ger- 
many, Austria,  and  Italy.  Works  :  Morning 
Dew;  Nymph  of  (he  Spring;  Woodland 
Tale  ;  Snow-Drop  ;  Water-Sprite  in  Grotto  ; 
Fight,  between  Centaurs  and  Tigers  ;  Judas 
in  the  Storm  during  the  Crucifixion  (1885). 
Miiller,  180. 

FORT,  JEAN  ANTOINE  SIMKON,  also 
called  Simeon-Fort,  born  at  Valence  (Drome), 
Aug.  28,  171)3,  died  in  Paris,  Dec.  24,  1801. 
Landscape  painter  in  water-colour,  pupil  of 
C.  Bruno.  Was  employed  with  Morel  and 
Puissant  to  continue  Bagetti's  water-colours 
in  Versailles.  Medals:  2d  class,  1831  ;  1st 
class,  1830;  L  of  Honour,  1812.  Works: 
Study  near  Marly  ;  Falls  of  the  Doubs  ;  Mill 
of  Dugny  ;  Convent  of  the  Virgin  del  Sasso; 
Town  and  Palace  of  St.  (.'loud  (Conite  I'o/./o 
di  J5orgo)  ;  Wolf's  Gorge  ;  Bottoms  of  Uo- 
chat  ;  Slopes  of  Bellevue  ;  Banks  of  the 
Mouse;  Manufactory  in  Dauphine;  Banks 
of  Lake  Maggiore  ;  Chateau  d'Ku  ;  views  in 
Africa;  Oaks  of  the  Doubs  ;  Nimplon  Road  ; 
Maritime  Alps  ;  Hollow  Road,  Valley  of  the 
Meudon  ;  Smugglers  ;  Young  Woman  of 
Nivernois,  Portrait  of  a  Child  (1824  to  1853). 

Larousse. 

FORTIN,  CHARLES,  bom  in  Paris,  Juno 
12,  1815,  died  there,  Oct.  Ii),  1805.  Land- 
scape and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Beaume 
and  Camille  Roqueplan  ;  painted  chiefly 
subjects  of  peasant  life  in  Brittany.  Medals : 
1st  class,  184'J,  1857,  1851),  and  1801  ;  L 


78 


FORTUNE 


of  Honour,  18G1.  Works  :  Sailors  making 
Merry,  Rag-Dealer,  Return  to  the  Cottage, 
Cobbler's  Shop,  Corner  of  tlie  Hearth,  Vil- 
lage Barber  (1835  to  1847)  ;  Cottage  in 
Morbihan,  Butcher's  Shop,  At  the  Castle  of 
Baz  (1849)  ;  The  Country  Tailor  (1850)  ; 
Chouans  (1853),  Lille  Museum  ;  The  Bless- 
ing (1855),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  During 
Vespers  (1855),  Grenoble  Museum  ;  Hut  in 
Morbihan,  Music  Lesson,  Smoker  (1855) ; 
( irandfather's  Festival,  Whip-Lash,  Cancans, 
Country  Interior  (1850)  ;  Storm,  Country 
Tailor,  Old  Story,  Interior,  Pap  (18G1)  ;  Be- 
tween two  Dilemmas  (18(14). — Larousse. 

FORTUNE,  Gitido  Ileni,  Aceademia  di  S. 
Luca,  Rome  ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  11  in.  x4  ft.  3 
in.  Fortune  personified  by  a  female  figure, 
nude,  with  light  drapery  floating  from  her 


Fortune,  Guido  Reni,  Accademia  di  S.  Luca,  Rome. 

shoulders  ;  she  holds  in  her  left  hand  a  kind 
of  purse  from  which  gold  pieces  drop,  and 
in  her  right  a  sceptre  and  palms.  Under 
her  feet  is  the  world,  and  from  behind  a 
winged  boy  grasps  her  hair,  which  floats  in 
the  wind.  In  sonio  copies  Fortune  bears 
instead  of  a  purse  a  crown.  Carried  to 


Paris  in  179G  ;  returned  in  1815,  and  in  Vat- 
ican until  182G.— Filhol,  vi.  PI.  397,  Musue 
fran<;ais,  i. ;  Landon,  viii.  PI.  32. 

FORTUNE  CHASE  (Jagd  nach  dem 
Gliick),  Rudolf  Friedrich  Hennebery,  Na- 
tional Gallery,  Berlin  ;  canvas,  H.  G  ft.  3  in. 
x  12  ft.  G  in.  A  youth,  in  the  costume  of 
a  German  nobleman  of  the  Ifitli  century, 
chases  on  horseback  the  phantom  of  Fort- 
une, who  flees  before  him  strewing  gold  in 
the  path  and  holding  up  a  crown  ;  the  Devil, 
who  accompanies  him,  changes  into  Death, 
and  with  a  scornful  grin  unfolds  his  flag  ; 
at  a  bridge  leading  over  a  ravine  lies  the 
youth's  guardian  angel,  over  whom  he  has 
ridden,  hiding  her  face  on  the  ground  ;  in 
background,  beyond  the  ravine,  the  battle- 
ments of  a  mediicval  town. 

FORTUNE-TELLER,  Michelangelo  da 
Carawgyio,  Capitol  Gallery,  Rome.  One 
of  his  earliest  works. — Meyer,  Kiinst.  Lex., 
i.  G14. 

By  Michelangelo  da  C'rtravayyio,  Louvre  ; 
canvas,  H.  3  ft.  3  in.  x  4  ft.  3  in.  A  gypsy 
holding  the  right  hand  of  a  young  man  ele- 
gantly clad,  who  appears  to  listen  atten- 
tively. Bellori  says  that  Caravaggio  painted 
this  picture  to  prove  that  one  can  be  a  good 
painter  without  having  studied  the  antique 
and  Raphael,  his  theory  being  that  the  ex- 
act imitation  of  nature  should  be  the  sole 
aim  of  art.  Collection  of  Louis  XIV.  En- 
graved by  E.  Audran. — Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ; 
Filhol,  viii.  PI.  537  ;  Cab.  Crozat,  ii.  PI.  93. 

By  Sir  Joshua  Reynold*,  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough,  Blenheim  ;  canvas.  Lady  Char- 
lotte Spencer,  as  a  little  gypsy  girl,  telling 
the  fortune  of  her  brother,  Lord  Henry 
Sponcer. 

By  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  Earl  Amherst, 
Knowle  Park,  near  Sevenoaks,  Kent.  Young 
girl  seated,  with  her  right  hand  held  out, 
by  a  young  man  with  a  red  cap,  to  a  gypsy, 
who  is  telling  her  fortune  ;  background, 
landscape.  Painted  in  177G  ;  sold  to  Duke 
of  Dorset  for  300  guineas.  Engraved  by 
Sherwin.  Copy  by  J.  R.  Powell  at  Somerby, 
seat  of  Earl  of  Normautou,  mistaken  by 


74 


FORTUNE 


Waagen  for  an  original. — Waagen,  Art  Trea- 
sures, iv.  :UO,  :170  ;  Athenipum  (180:5),  5.4il). 

FORTUNE,  WHEEL  OF,  /^/-w-Joncs, 
Arthur  Balfour,  Esq. ,  M.I'.,  L(jntlon  ;  large 
upright  picture.  Tlie  goddess  Fortune,  a 
tall,  sad  figure,  clad  in  grayish  blue,  stands 
at  left,  turning  round  in  a  listless  \vav  the 
terrible  wheel,  on  which  are  bound  three 
nude  figures,  the  laurel-crowned  poet,  the 
sceptred  king,  and  the  slave,  alike  cowed 
and  wretched,  the  victims  of  a  cruel  and  all 
powerful  chance.  Grosvenor  (lallerv,  188:5. 

FORTUNY  Y  CARBn,  MARIANO,  born 
at  Rriis  in  Catalonia, 
June  11,  18:58,  died 
in  Koine,  Nov.  '21, 
1874.  Genre  paint- 
er, pupil  of  1'alau,  of 
Claudio  Loren/.ale/, 
and  of  the  Barcelona 
Academy,  where  he 
wontheprix  duRonio 
in  1850.  At  Koine, 
which  became  thence- 
forth his  principal  residence,  he  studied 
Raphael  and  made  sketches  of  Roman  life. 
In  185'J  he  was  sent  to  Morocco  by  the  gov- 
ernment to  paint  the  incidents  of  General 
Prim's  campaign,  and  during  this  and  a 
second  visit  painted  a  large  picture  of  the 
Battle  of  Tetuun,  besides  making  many 
sketches  of  Moorish  life.  In  IKIili  he  went 
to  Paris,  where  through  Zamacoi's  he  entered 
into  business  relations  with  Goupil ;  and 
then  to  Madrid,  where  (18(!7)  he  married  the 
daughter  of  Madra/.o,  director  of  the  Madrid 
Museum,  and  studied  the  works  of  Velas- 
quez, Ribera,  and  Goya.  With  the  exeep 
tiou  of  a  year  in  Paris  (18(!!)-70)  and  three 
years  in  Spain,  lie  spent  the  rest  of  his  life 
in  Rome.  His  vigorous  and  original  style, 
correct  drawing,  and  fine  colour  gained  him 
a  great  reputation,  and  the  auction  sale  of 
the  contents  of  his  studio  after  his  death 
brought  800,000  fr.  ($100,000).  Works  :  A 
Glory  (1854),  original  destroyed,  sketch  be- 
longs to  Mr.  Galceran,  Barcelona  ;  Virgin  of 
I'ity  (1855),  Mr.  Soberauo,  Reus ;  St.  Paul 


before  the  Areopagus  (1855),  Charles  of  An 
jou  on  the  Shore  of  Naples,  Benin ger  111. 
nailing  the  Arms  of  Barcelona  to  the  Cas- 
tle of  Foix  (1857,  won  the  prix  de  Rome), 
Odalisque,  The  Little  Count,  17  faces  from 
Nature,  Studies  in  Morocco  (ISflli),  Battle 
of  Tetuan,  Barcelona  Museum  :  View  of  the 
Tiber,  Nereids  on  a  Lake  (lS."i,S);  St.  Mari- 
ano, Church  of  Reus;  Bacchantes  (185!)) ; 
studies  in  Morocco  (oil  and  water-colour, 
18(i(l)  ;  Arabs  Dane-ing,  Mr.  Chartrand, 
Cuba;  Head  of  a  Negro  (18(51),  the  Col- 
lector of  Engravings  (ISO:!),  The  Ma>ks, 
Roman  Countrywoman,  Old  Koman  Peasant, 
Fruit  Shop  in  Granada,  Study  of  Chickens, 
Academicians  of  St.  Luke  choosing  a  Model, 
Street  in  Morocco,  Arab  Reclining  ( 18011 1, 
Stairs  of  Casa  de  1'ilatos  in  Seville,  The 
Drunkard,  Arquebusier,  Tribunal  of  the  AI- 
hambra,  Returning  to  the  Convent,  Cafi'  des 
Hirondelles  (18(!(J),  Arab  Fantasia,  The  An- 
tiquaries, Mr.  W.  Stewart,  Paris  ;  Arab  Sen- 
tinel, Mr.  d'Arthe/.,  Tarragona;  Three  <)<la- 
lisques,  Arab  shoeing  a  Donkey,  Mi1.  San/, 
Madrid;  Pond  near  Tangiers  ( l*ii">).  Man 
with  Helmet,  Mr.  Goupil,  Paris  ;  Collectors 
of  Engravings,  Woman  in  a  Garden,  Koman 
Peasant  Woman,  Departure  of  the  Proces- 
sion, The  Library,  Carpet  Merchant  (1870 1, 
Aral)  on  a  Rug,  Mr.  Murrieta,  London;  The 
Masks,  The  Butterfly  (IS07),  Arab  Seated, 
A  Concert,  Mr.  de  Goyena,  Seville  ;  Stand- 
ard Bearer,  Mr.  Ha/el  tine,  Komi!  ;  Faust 
(land  Marguerite,  Persian,  Idyl,  Old  Man, 
Arab  on  Horseback,  Mr.  Ramon  Erra/.u, 
Paris  ;  An  Arab,  Mr.  Cusino,  Peru  ;  De- 
parture of  the  Procession,  Arabs  feeding  a 
Vulture,  A  Fan,  The  Butterfly  (1808),  Mr. 
Gargollo,  Madrid  ;  Bull  King  at  Seville, 
Bull-Fighters  Salute,  the  Butterfly,  Door  of 
the  Church  of  San  Gines,  Mr.  F.  De  Ma- 
drazo,  Madrid  ;  The  Carnival,  Mr.  Ayala  ; 
Spanish  Marriage.  (1809),  Mine,  de  Cassin, 
Paris  ;  Sit/ik-i-  Charmers,  Mr.  Ed.  Andre, 
Paris  ;  Bull-Fighter,  Mr.  Le  Roy,  Paris ; 
Arquebusier,  Mr.  d'Epinay,  Rome ;  Court 
of  the  House  of  Cliapiz  in  Granada  (1871)  ; 
Arab  Praying  (187'2),  Mr.  Oppeuheim,  Paris  ; 


FOSCARI 

Tia  Giulia  in  Rome  (1873) ;  Recitation  in  a       FOSSANO.     See 


Garden,  Mr.  Hoeren,  Paris  ;  Shore  of  Por- 
tici,  Two  Children  in  a  Japanese  Room, 
The  Butcher,  water-colour  portraits  of  Mine. 


FOSTER,  BIRKET,  born  at  North 
Shields,  Feb.  4,  1825.  Landscape  and  genre 
painter,  pupil  of  E.  Lanclells,  engraver, 


Fortuny  and  of  Mine.  Agrasot  (1874).  Works  from  whom  lie  learned  to  draw  on  wood; 
in  United  States :  Camels  at  Rest,  Miss  C.  after  illustrating  many  books,  began  about 
F.  Wolfe,  New  York  ;  portrait  of  Mine.  Gar-  1859  to  draw  in  water-colours.  He  was 
cia,  Pifierari,  J.  H.  Stcbbins,  New  York;  elected  an  associate  of  the  Water  Colour  So- 
Santa  Lucia — Naples,  Sency  sale,  New  York,  '  ciety  in  I860,  and  a  member  in  1801.  Later 
(1885);  Dead  Donkey,  A.  J.  Antclo,  Philo-  has  painted  somewhat  in  oil-colours.  Many 
delphia ;  Mandolin  Player,  C.  S.  Smith,  works  engraved  and  lithographed.  Water- 
New  York  ;  Tete-a-Tetc,  Court  of  the  Myr-  ;  colours  :  Holmwood  Common,  Race  down 
ties,  Horsemen  of  Morocco,  Arab  and  Dogs,  Hill,  Feeding  the  Ducks,  Arundel  Mill,  The 
It.  L.  Cutting,  ib.  ;  Arab  Fantasia  at  Tan-  Beach— Hastings,  Weald  of  Surrey,  Prini- 
giers,  Court  Fool,  W.  H.  Vanderbilt  Collec-  rose  Gatherers,  Race  up  Hill,  Castle  of  Rhein- 
tion,  ib.  ;  Snali'  Charmers,  Mrs.  A.  T.  Stew-  1'els,  Sailing  the  Boat.  Works  in  oil :  Thames 
art,  ib.  ;  Breakfast  in  Garden  of  Alhambra,  near  Eton,  Bass  Rock,  A  Brook  (1877). — Art 
Arabs  hunting  Frogs,  La  Manola,  Seraglio  Journal  (1871),  157  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xvii. 
Sentinel,  Boric  Collection,  Philadelphia  ;  335. 

Council  House  in  Granada,  H.  C.  Gibson,        FOUBERT,    KMILE    LOUIS,    born    in 

.  ib.  ;   An  Ecclesi-   Paris  ;  contemporary.     History  painter,  pu- 

V^  astic,  Don  Quix-  pil  of  the  Ecole  municipale  at  Bayonne,  then 

Vi  ote    (18(19),    The   of  Bonnat,  Busson,  and  H.  Li'vy.     Medals: 

\dvW\\\\  Mendicant,      W.    3d   class,    1880;   2d  class,    1885.     Works: 

\|  *1 1,      T.  Walters,   Bal-  St.  John    in   the    Desert  (1875) ;   Chastise- 

timore.  —  Davil-  ment   of   Caiphas   (1876)  ;  Hesiod  and  the 

Her,  Fortuny,  Vie  et  (Euvre>s  (Paris,  1875);  Muse  (1877);  Christ  at  the  Pillar  (1878); 
(la/,  des  B.  Arts  (1875),  xii.  2(!7,  351;  Nymphs  and  Faun  (1879);  Satyr  teased  by 
L'Art  (1875),  i.  3(11,  385  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  Nymphs  (1880);  The  Spring  (1881);  Satyr 
x.  120,  219  ;  Xeitschr.  f.  b.  K,  ix.  341  ;  Old  and  Traveller  (1882);  Eclogue  (1883);  Start 
and  New,  xi.  357.  \  for  the  Chase  (1884);  Temptation  (1885). 

FOSCARI,  TWO,  Eugi'no  IMacroiz,  Due  j  FOUCQUET,  JEHAN,  born  at  Tours 
d'Aumale,  Chantilly  ;  canvas,  H.  3  ft.  x  4  about  1415-20,  died  about  1477  or  1480. 
ft.  3  in.;  signed,  dated  1855.  The  Doge  French  school.  At  Rome,  about  1443,  he 
Foscari,  obliged  to  be  present  at  the  exccu-  painted  the  portrait  of  Pope  Eugenius  IV., 
tion  of  the  sentence  of  torture  and  banish-  and  in  14G1  in  Paris  he  painted  a  life-size 
mcnt  of  his  son,  Jacopo  Foscari,  falsely  con-  portrait  of  the  deceased  Charles  VII.  He 
victed  of  treason  to  the  Republic,  is  seated  was  afterwards  in  the  service  of  Louis  XI. 
on  his  throne  at  left,  clad  in  his  splendid  Payments  were  made  to  him  for  large  paint- 
robes  of  office,  while  the  executioners  do  ings  as  well  as  miniatures  as  late  as  1475. 
their  duty  at  the  right,  before  many  spec-  Foucquet  stands  at  the  head  of  the  Italo- 
tators.  Jacopo,  writhing  with  torture,  holds  Flemish  school  of  miniature  painting  in 
up  his  wounded  hands  for  the  kisses  of  his  :  France.  Works  :  Madonna,  Antwerp  Mu- 
wife.  Salon,  1855  ;  Faure  sale  (1873),  79,-  I  seum  ;  St.  Stephen  (the  other  half  of  the 
500  fr.;  Oppenheim  sale  (1877),  70,500  fr.  Antwerp  altarpiece),  Forty  Miniatures  in 
Engraved  by  Charles  Courtry. — L'CEuvre  de  Prayer-Book  (1641),  Brentano  Collection, 
Delacroix  (Paris,  1885),  340;  Gaz.  des  B.  Frankfort ;  male  bust  portrait,  Liechtenstein 
Arts  (1881),  xxiv.  324,  331.  {  Gallery,  Vienna;  portraits  of  Charles  VIL 

70 


FOl'LONGNK 


and  Chancellor  Guillnumc  Juvenal,  Louvre  ; 
miniatures  in  Josephus'  History  of  tlie  Jews, 
Bibliothcque  national?,  Paris ;  niiniaturcs 
in  Boccaccio,  Court  Library,  Munich. — 
Pattison,  Renaissance  of  Art  in  France,  i. 
254  ;  Schnaase,  viii.  300  ;  "\V.  »fc  W.,  ii.  77  ; 
Revue  de  Paris,  Aug.  and  Nov.  (1857);  Gaz. 
cles  B.  Arts  (18(57),  xxiii.  97  ;  (18(58),  xxiv. 
187. 

FOULONGNE,  CHARLES  ALFRED, 
born  at  Rouen,  March  2(>,  1821.  History, 
genre,  landscape,  and  portrait  painter,  pupil 
of  Delaroche  and  of  G  ley  re.  Medal,  1809. 
Works:  Sermon  on  the  Mount  (185."));  Bu- 
rial at  La  Trappe  (1857);  Victims  sacrificed 
by  the  Druids  in  Gaul  (1859);  Violet  Seller 
(18(i3);  Harvest  Evening  (1866);  Last  Mes- 
sage (18(!7);  At  a  Spring  (LSI!',));  Erigonc 
(1870);  Naiads  (1872);  Daphnis  and  Chloc 
(1874);  Mowers,  The  Toilet  (1875);  Morn- 
ing in  the  Meadows  (187(!);  Souvenir  du 
Trieux  (1878).- — Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i. 
572. 

FOUQUIERES  (Foequier),  JACQUES, 
bom  in  Ant- 
werp about 
1600,  died  iu 
Paris  in  1659. 
Flemish 
school ;  land- 
Kcape  painter, 
pupil  of  Joost 
de  Mo  in  per 
and  of  Velvet 
Brueghel,  and 
perhaps  also  of  Rubens,  for  whom  he  painted 
backgrounds  ;  master  of  the  guild  at  Ant- 
werp in  1614.  Invited  by  the  Elector  Pala- 
tine Frederick  V.,  he  went  about  WIG  or 
1618  to  Heidelberg  to  decorate  the  castle, 
and  in  1621  to  Paris,  where  Lis  art  found 
much  favour  in  the  eyes  of  Louis  XIII.,  who 
employed  him  to  paint  views  of  the  chief 
French  cities.  Jealous  of  the  favour  shown 
to  this  painter,  Poussin  left  France.  After- 
wards Fouquieres  fell  into  disgrace,  and  died 
in  great  misery.  He  was  the  master  of  Phi- 
lippe de  Cbampaigne.  Works  :  Stag  Hunt, 


Berlin  Museum  ;  Wood  Landscape  with 
Horseman,  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  A  Hunt, 
Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Landscape  (1(>20), 
Valenciennes  Museum  ;  do.  in  Bordeaux. 
Grenoble,  Nantes,  Darmstadt  Museums,  and 
Historical  Society,  New  York. — Ch.  Blanc, 
Kcole  tlainande  ;  Biog.  nat.  de  Bclgiqiie,  vii. 
210 ;  Fi'tis,  Les  Artistes  beiges  :'i  1'etran- 
ger,  i.  .'Ci5  ;  Michiels,  viii.  198. 

FOURMOIS,  THEODORE,  bora  at  Pres- 
les,  Hainaut,  Oct.  14,  1M4,  died  in  Brussels, 
Oct.  1(3,1871.  Landscape  painter  and  illustra- 
tor, self-taught ;  tookluHsubjectschieflyfroin 
environs  of  Brussels  and  the  Ardennes.  ( )r- 
«ler  of  Leopold,  1851  ;  Officer,  l.S(l:i.  Works  : 
Hut  in  the  Cani[iine  ;  Old  Mill;  View  iu 
Baden  (184N);  Pool,  lload  across  Heath 
(ISliO),  Brussels  Museum  ;  Views  in  Park  of 
Count  d'Outremont  (1S6:>). — Brockhaus,  vii. 
47  ;  Lnrousse,  viii.  680. 

FOURNIER,  EDOL'AHD,  born  in  1'aris  ; 
contemporary.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Ca- 
banel  ;  now  at  the  French  Academy  in 
Rome.  Medal,  lid  class,  1SS5.  Works: 
Djanileh,  Son  of  the  Gaul  (1SS5). 

FOWLER,  FRANK,  b,.rn  in  New  York  ; 
contemporary.  Portrait  and  figure  painter, 
pupil  of  E.  White  in  Florence  and  of  Caro- 
lus  Duran  in  Paris;  in  187S  he  assisted  the 
latter  in  painting  the  fresco  of  the  Apothe- 
osis of  Marie  de  Medieis  in  the  Luxembourg 
Museum.  Studio  in  New  York.  Exhibited 
Young  Bacchus  in  1878  ;  portraits  in  Is7x, 
188U,  1884  ;  Fatima  (1885). 

FRAGONARD,  ALEXANDRE  EVAlt- 
ISTE,  born  at  Grasse,  1'rovence,  Oct., 
17K(t,  died  in  Paris,  Nov.  10,  1850.  French 
school  ;  history  painter,  son  of  Jean  Hon- 
ore,  pupil  of  David,  and  for  a  long  time  one 
of  the  most  distinguished  adherents  of  the 
classical  school.  Also  a  sculptor.  Medals  : 
4;  L.  of  Honour,  1819.  Works:  Citi/ens 
of  Calais  before  Edward  ;  Entry  of  Maid  of 
Orleans  (1822),  Orleans  Museum  ;  Maria 
Theresa  showing  her  Son  to  the  Hungarians 
(1822),  formerly  in  Luxembourg  Museum  ; 
Queen  Blanche  liberating  the  Prisoners  of 
Chatenay  (1824),  Blois  Museum  ;  Francis  L 


77 


FIIAGOXAKD 


knighted  by  Bayard  (1819),  Francis  I.  and  ' 
Lis  Sister  looking  at  Pictures  brought  by 
Prhnaticeio,  Fine  Arts  crowned  by  Genius 
(1827),  ceilings  in  Louvre  ;  Battle  at  Marig- 
11:1110.     Wall  paintings  in  the  Luxembourg, 
and  at  Versailles  and   Orleans. — Larousse, 
viii.  700  ;  Ga/.  des  B.  Arts  (1881). 
FRAGONARD,   JEAN   HONORIS,  born 

at  Grass c, 
1'  rove  n  c  e, 
April  5, 
1732,  died  in 
Paris,  Aug. 
•2-2,  1800. 
Genre  and 
decorative 
painter  and 
e  n  graver, 
p  u p  i  1  of 
Chardin  and 
Boucher.  In  1752  obtained  the  grand  prix 
de  Rome  for  his  Jeroboam,  now  in  the  Kcole 
des  Beaux  Arts.  In  Italy  studied  especially 
Tiepolo  ;  after  his  return,  received  into  the 
Academy  in  1705.  He  treated  the  same  class 
of  subjects  as  his  master,  Boucher,  with  sur- 
prising lidelity  and  unbridled  license.  His 
step-sister,  Marguerite  Gerard  (born  1751), 
assisted  him  in  many  works.  Works  :  The 
High-Priest  Coresus  sacrificing  himself  to 
save  Callirrhoo  (1705),  Landscape.  Music 
Lesson,  Nymphs  at  their  Bath,  The  Shep- 
herd's Hour,  Storm,  Bacchante  Asleep, 
Young  Woman  and  Cupid,  Guitar  Player 
(1709),  Study,  Inspiration,  Fancy  Figure  of 
Young  Man,  Woman  and  Child,  Louvre, 
Paris  ;  Portrait  of  a  Boy,  Nantes  Museum  ; 
Plutarch's  Dream,  Rouen  Museum  ;  Portrait 
of  Bayard,  Versailles  Museum  ;  Adoration 
of  Shepherds,  Lille  Museum  ;  The  Dinner 
on  the  Grass,  Amiens  Museum  ;  Young  Girl 
at  Fountain,  Grenoble  Museum  ;  Young 
Boy,  Nancy  Museum  ;  The  Woes  of  Love, 
Orleans  Museum ;  City  of  Marseilles  pro- 
tected by  Mercury,  Marseilles  Museum;  The 
Swing,  Fountain  of  Pleasure,  Garden  of 
Fontainebleau,  Hertford  House,  London ; 
Farmer's  Children,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 


burg ;  Sacrifice  of  Callirrhoc,  Acudemia  S. 
Fernando,  Madrid  ;  The  Kiss,  La/ienski 
Gallery,  Warsaw  ;  family  portraits,  Due 
d'Aumale  ;  Oath  of  Love,  Narischkine  sale 
(1883),  42,000  fr.;  Return  to  Lodgings,  do., 
17,000  fr.— Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (1805),  xviii. 
32,  132  ;  (1885),  xxxii.  481;  Portfolio  (1873), 
iv.  2  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  fran<;ais  ;  Dohme, 
3  ;  Goucourt,  L'art  du  xviii.  Siecle,  ii.  311  ; 


Houssaye,  Hist,  de  1'Art  fran<;ais,  325  ;  Jal., 
005  ;  Wurzbach,  Fr.  Maler  des  xviii.  Jahrh., 
30. 

FRANCAIS,  FRANCOIS  LOUIS,  born  at 
Plombieres  (Vos- 
ges),  Nov.  17, 
1814.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of 
Gigoux  and  Co- 
rot.  Paints 
French  and  Ital- 
ian scenes.  Med- 
als  :  3d  class, 
1841  ;  1st  class, 
1848,1855,  1807; 
medal  of  honour,  1878  ;  L.  of  Honour, 
1853  ;  Officer,  1807.  WTorks  :  Song  under 
the  Willows  (1837)  ;  Old  Garden  (1841), 
View  near  Paris  (1844),  Plombieres  Museum; 
Under  the  Willows  (1852),  Tours  Museum  ; 
End  of  Winter  (1853),  Orpheus  (1803), 
Daphnis  and  Chloe  (1872),  Setting  Sun,  Lux- 
embourg Museum  ;  Ravine  of  Nepi,  View 
near  Rome  (1853) ;  Path  through  the  Wheat 
(1855)  ;  Brook  of  Neuf-Pre  (1857)  ;  River 
Gapeau,  Beech  Trees  on  Coast  of  Grace 
(1859),  Bordeaux  Museum  ;  View  at  Lower 
Meudon,  Prince  Napoleon  ;  Evening  (1861), 
Epinal  Museum  ;  By  the  W7ater  (18G1), 
Nantes  Museum ;  Sacred  Woods,  Italian 


78 


FRANCES 

Villa  (1804)  ;  New  Ruins  of  Pompeii  (1805);  painted  by  Ingres  for  Prince  Salerno,  Naples. 

Environs  of  Rome,  Environs  of  Paris  (1866) ;  —  Larousse,  xiii.  1218. 

Country-House  (1807)  ;  Harvest,  Valley  of  By  Ary  ,SV/V//'<T,  Sir  Richard  Wallace, 
Monster  (1868)  ;  Mt.  Blanc  from  St.  Cergnes  Manchester  House  ;  canvas  (Dante,  Inferno). 
(1869) ;  View  at  Vaux  de  Cernay  (1872);  Salon  of  18155,  under  title  :  Dante  and  Virgil 
Souvenir  of  Nice  (1873) ;  Spring,  Terrace  at  encountering  in  Hell  the  Spirits  of  Fran- 
Nice  (1874)  ;  Ravine  of  Puits-Noir  (187."))  ;  cesca  da  Kiniini  and  Paolo.  Francesco,  her 
Mirror  of  Seey  (1870)  ;  Mont  Ccrvin,  Lake  eyes  closed,  her  hair  dishevelled,  hangs  ten- 
Nenii  (1878)  ;  Valley  of  Rossillon,  Morning  derly  on  the  neck  of  Paolo  as  they  float 
(1879) ;  Highway  at  Combs-la- Ville,  Evening  through  the  air,  while  the  two  poets  con- 
(1880)  ;  Castle  of  Gandolfo  on  Lake  of  template  the  touching  scene  in  silence. 
Alhano,  Washing-Place  near  Pierrefonds  Painted  for  Due  d'OrU'ans  ;  bought  in  1853 
(1881);  Villafelipa,  Villefranche  (1882);  l>y  Prince  DemidutVfor  43, Odd  fr. ;  DrmidnlV 
Beach  at  Capri,  Part  of  a  Villa  at  Nice  sale  ( 187<I)  to  Lord  Hertford  for  100,000  fr. 
(18815);  Morning  at  Clisson,  Last  Days  of  Engraved  l>y  Calamatta  ;  etched  by  Vey- 
Autumn  (1884)  ;  Lake  of  Neini,  Sliady  River  rasset.  Replica,  painted  1855,  exhibited 
(1885).  IK.")'.),  owned  by  Mine.  Marjolin,  the  artist's 

FRANCES    Y    PASCUAL,    Don    PLA-  daughter.-  Lamusse,  xiii.  1218. 

CIDO,    born    at    Valencia;    contemporary.  By    George     Frederick     U'ntt.-;    London; 

Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Valencia  art  school,  canvas,  H.  5  ft.  -4  ft.  1  in.     Francesco  and 

Medals  :   1st  class,  Saragossa  ;  3d  class,  Ma-  Paolo,  phantoms  pale  and  death-like,  clasped 

drid.     Works:  The  King's  Order,  What  is  in  a  Living  embrace,  are  swept  onward  bc- 

she    thinking  of?  (187'.t)  ;  Proclamation  of  fore  the  wind  against  a  background  of  clouds 

Boabdil  (1884).  -La  Hustracion    (187!)),   ii.  and  fiery  rain.     Painted  in  1*7'.).      Exhibited 

5',);  (1884),  i.  302.  ,  in  New  York  in  issl. 

FRANCESCA    DA    RIMINI,    Alexandre  ERANCESC A,  l'IKK< )   DKLLA,  born   at 


See  Paulo  and  Francesco. 


Borgo  San  Sepolcro 


Bv  Dominique   Imjriv,  Angers  Museinn  ;  in    1411!    (?),    died 

canvas.     Illustration  of  the  mediaeval  story  there,  Oct.  12,  14'.  12. 

of  Franccsca  da  Rimini,  as  related  by  Dante  Umbrian    s  c  h  o  o  1 . 

and  Boccaccio.      Francesca,  the  wife  of  Gio-  Real  name  Pietro  di 

vanni  Malatesta,  called  from  his  lameness  Benedetto    dcgli 

from  birth  Gianciotto  (commonly  made  into  Franceschi  ;    first 

Laneelotto),  fell  in  love  with  her  handsome  masterunknown.  In 

brother-in-law,    Paolo    Malatesta,    a    liaison  143!)  he  assisted  Do- 

which  ended  in  the  death  of  the  two  at  the  menico   Veneziano 

hands  of  the  enraged  Gianciotto.     In  the  in  painting  the  fros-  < 

picture  the  couple  are  represented  as  just  cos  in  S.  M.  Nuova, 

having  finished  reading  the  story  of  Lancelot  Florence,  where  ho  was  brought  into  eon- 

and  Guinevere.     The  book  has  fallen  from  tact  with  many  eminent  painters,  and  laid 

Francesca's  hands  ;  Paolo,  bending  forward,  the  foundation  of  his  great  scientific  knowl- 

givesher  the  fatal  kiss,  and  Lanciotto,  lifting  edge  of  linear  and  aerial  perspective.      In 

the  drapery,  advances  with  drawn  sword  to  the  projection  of  shadows,  the  perfecting  of 

take  his  revenge.    Painted  in  Rome  ill  1819  ;  mediums  for  oil  painting,   the  delineation 

bought  by  M.  Turpin  de  Crissee,  who  be-  of    architecture   in    backgrounds,    and    the 

queathed  it  to  Angers  Museum.     Original  correct  balance  of  light  and  shade,  he  had 

sketch,     Mine.     Montett-Gilibert.       Litho-  few  rivals.      So  perfect  was  his  rendering 

graphed    by   A.   Lecomte,    1834.     Replica  of  nature,  that  had  he  been  guided  by  a 

TO 


FRANCESCI1I 


principle  of  selection  in  form,  he  would 
have  ranked  with  tho  greatest  Italian  paint- 
ers. Between  1447  and  1452  Picro  worked 
at  Loreto,  and  at  Rimini  for  Sigismond  Pan- 
dolfo  Malatesta,  for  whom  lie  painted,  in  the 
Chapel  of  the  Relics,  S.  Francesco  kneeling 
before  his  patron  saint,  with  two  eouchant 
greyhounds  at  his  heels.  The  fresco,  dated 
1451,  is  an  admirable  piece  of  quattrocento 
work.  "We  next  find  Piero  at  Arezzo  paint- 
ing the  Legend  of  the  Cross  around  the 
choir  of  S.  Francesco,  between  1453  and 
1454,  and  then  at  Borgo  S.m  Sepolcro,  em- 
ployed upon  an  altarpiece  on  panel  for  the 
Confraternity  of  tho  Misoricordia,  which 
still  exists  in  the  Church  of  tho  Hospital, 
formerly  occupied  by  the  Brothers.  Other 
works  by  this  painter  in  his  native  town  are 
a  fresco  of  the  Resurrection,  in  the  Monte 
Pio,  and  another  of  St.  Louis  (1460),  in  the 
Municipal  Palace.  His  Baptism  of  Christ, 
National  Gallery,  London,  is  pure  in  outline, 
and,  like  all  his  works,  most  carefully  elab- 
orated in  every  detail.  In  same  gallery  arc 
a  Nativity,  portrait  of  Isotta  da  Rimini,  and 
portrait  of  a  Ladj-.  In  14(10  Piero  went  to 
Urbino,  where  he  painted  a  Flagellation, 
now  in  the  Cathedral,  and  an  Apotheosis, 
with  portraits  of  the  Duke  and  his  wife, 
Battista  Sfor/.a.  The  well-known  profile 
portraits  of  this  same  ducal  pair,  in  the 
Uffizi  Gallery,  are  masterpieces  of  their 
kind,  painted  about  1472.  Piero  was  the 
author  of  a  highly  esteemed  Treatise  on 
Perspective,  the  MS.  of  which  belongs  to  the 
Saibanti  Library,  Verona. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil., 
ii.  487  ;  C.  &  C.,  Italy,  ii.  520  ;  Burckhardt, 
557  ;  Cibo,  Scuola  Umbra,  26,  50  ;  Ch.  Blanc, 
Ecole  ombrieuue  ;  Lilbke,  Gesch.  ital.  MaL, 
i.  392. 

FRANCESCHI,  PAOLO  (Paul  Fran  choys, 
Francesco  Paolo  cle'  Freschi,  Paolo  Fiam- 
mingo),  born  at  Antwerp  in  1540,  died  in 
Venice  in  1596.  Flemish-Venetian  school ; 
landscape,  animal,  history,  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  and  assistant  of  Tintoretto  in 
Venice,  whither  lie  went  when  very  young, 
and  where  he  acquired  reputation  as  one 


of  the  best  landscape  painters  of  the  time. 
By  order  of  the  Venetian  Senate  he  painted 
the  large  picture  in  the  Ducal  Palace,  and 
for  the  Emperor  Rudolph  II.  two  Alle- 
gories. Works  :  Pope  Alexander  III.  bless- 
ing the  Doge  Ziani,  Ducal  Palace,  Venice  ; 
Descent  from  the  Cross,  St.  John  preaching, 
Adam  and  Eve,  Cain  and  Abel,  S.  Maria  dei 
Frari,  ib. ;  Landscape  with  Prodigal  Son, 
Academy,  ib. ;  Pieta,  Old  Pinakothek,  Mu- 
nich.— Fc'tis,  Les  Artistes  beiges  a  IV'tran- 
ger,  i.  377. 

FRANCESCHINI,  MARCANTONIO,  Ca- 
valiere,  born  at  Bolog- 
na in  1648,  died  there 
in  1729.  Bolognese 
school;  history  paint- 
er, pupil  of  Gio.  Maria 
Galli,  and  of  Cignani, 
whose  assistant  he  be- 
came. Called  to  Ge- 
noa, in  1702,  to  deco- 
rate the  Hall  of  Public 
Counsel  with  pictures 
on  the  history  of  the 

Republic  (destroyed  by  fire  in  1777) ;  invited 
to  Rome  by  Pope  Clement  XI.,  in  1711,  to 
Genoa  in  1714,  and  to  Crema  in  1716,  to 
execute  fresco  paintings.  He  was  the  head 
of  a  school  in  Northern  Italy  similar  to  that 
of  Cortona  in  Lower  Italy  ;  adhered  at  first 
to  manner  of  Cignani,  but  later  developed  a 
remarkable  style  of  his  own.  Works  :  Mag- 
dalen, Birth  of  Adonis,  Dresden  Gallery  ; 
Charity,  Magdalen,  St.  Borromeo  during  the 
Plague  in  Milan,  Museum,  Vienna  ;  Venus 
and  Cupid,  Czernin  Gallery,  ib.  ;  Jacob  and 
Rachel,  and  others,  Liechtenstein  Gallery, 
ib.  ;  Joseph  and  Potiphar's  Wife,  Brunswick 
Museum  ;  Diana  at  the  Chase,  Copenhagen 
Gallery  ;  S.  Tommaso  da  Villanova  dispens- 
ing Alms,  Agostiuiani  of  Rimini  ;  Pieta, 
Agostiniani  of  Imola  ;  BB.  Fondatori,  Ser- 
viti  of  Bologna.  Frescos  :  Recess  in  Palazzo 
Ranuzzi,  Cupola  and  Ceiling  in  Church  of 
Corpus  Domini,  Tribune  of  S.  Bartolommeo, 
Bologna  ;  Corbels  of  Cupola,  Piacenza  Ca- 
thedral.— Brockhaus,  vii.  61 ;  Lanzi  (Ros- 


FRANCESCO 


coe),  iii.  157 ;  Larousse,  viii.  752  ;  Burck- 
liardt,  773,  785  ;  Seguier,  70. 

FRANCESCO  DA  COTIGNOLA.  See 
Zagnnelli,  Francesco. 

FRANCESCO  DA  SANTA  CROCK 
(Francesco  Rizo),  born  about  1480,  at 
Santa  Crocc,  near  Bergamo,  flourished  there 
and  in  Venice  in  1504  1541.  Venetian 
school  ;  history  painter,  pupil  of  Giovanni 
Bellini  ;  developed  probably  under  the,  in- 
fluence of  Carpaccio  and  Bellini's  followers. 
Works  :  Adoration  of  Magi,  Berlin  Museum  ; 
replica,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ;  Ma- 
donna with  Saints,  Count  Paul  StroganofF, 
ilj.  ;  Annunciation  (1504),  Madonna  and 
Saints,  Bergamo  Gallery  ;  Adoration  of  the 
Magi,  Museo  Civico,  Verona;  Madonna  with 
Saints  (1507),  S.  Pietro  Martire,  Murano  : 
Christ  appearing  to  Magdalen  (151:!),  Ven- 
ice Academy. — Liibke,  Gescli.  ital.  Mai.,  ii. 
G23. 

FRANCHOYS  (Francois),  LUCAS,  the 
elder,  born  at  Mechlin,  Jan.  23,  1574,  died 
there,  Sept.  1(5,  1(543.  Flemish  school  ;  his- 
tory and  portrait  painter,  master  of  the  guild 
in  15!)!),  and  elected  dean  six  times  ;  went 
to  Paris  and  Madrid,  in  both  of  which  places 
he  was  made  painter  to  the  king,  and  re- 
turned to  Mechlin  in  l(i()5.  Works :  De- 
scent of  the  Holy  Ghost,  St.  John's,  Mech- 
lin ;  Male  Portrait  (KU'.t),  Museum,  ib.  ; 
Dead  Christ  on  his  Mother's  Lap,  St.  1  Sa- 
von's, Ghent. — Biog.  n.it.  de  Belgique,  vii. 
235  ;  Michiels,  viii.  223. 

FRANCHOYS,  LUCAS,  the  younger, 
born  at  Mechlin,  June  28,  l(!l(i,  died  there, 
April  3,  1(581.  Flemish  school  ;  history  and 
portrait  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Lucas 
Fraiichoys,  the  elder  ;  then  pupil  of  Ru- 
bens at  Antwerp,  where  he  remained  some 
years  after  his  master's  death ;  spent  several 
years  in  France,  in  favour  at  court,  before 
returning  to  Mechlin,  where  he  became 
master  of  the  guild  in  1055,  and  dean  in 
16G3.  Works  :  Pope  Honorius  sanctioning 
the  Rule  of  the  Carmelites,  St.  Onophrius 
fed  by  Angels  in  the  Desert,  Prophet  Eli- 
jah, St.  Paul  the  Hermit,  St.  Andrew  heal- 


ing the.  Blind,  The.  Virgin  followed  \>y 
Carmelites,  Christ  in  his  Mother's  Lap. 
Museum,  Mechlin  ;  St.  Koch  healing  tin- 
Plague  stricken,  St.  John's,  ib.  ;  Martyrdom 
of  St.  Lawrence  and  of  St.  John,  Holy  Fam- 
ily, St.  Catharine's,  ib.  ;  Decapitation  of 
St.  John  (ll!50),  St.  t^uentin's,  Tournav  ; 
Insurrection  (11)57),  Cathedral,  il>.  ;  Educa- 
tion of  the  Virgin,  The  Virgin  appearing  to 
St.  Simon  Stock  (both  attributed  to  Lucas 
the  elder),  Antwerp  Museum. — Biog.  nat. 
de  Belgique,  vii.  23(i  ;  Kramm.  ii.  510  ;  Mi- 
chiels, viii.  227  ;  i\.  23!)  ;  Ncefs,  Hist,  de  la 
peint.  :'i  Malines,  i.  317  ;  Van  den  Braiidcn, 
809. 

FRANC 'HO  VS.  PAUL.     See  Fraiuwhi. 

FUANCHOYS,  PEETKU.  born  at  Mech- 
lin, Oct.  20,  lliOC.,  died  there,  Aug.  11. 
1054.  Flemish  school;  portrait  painter, 
son  and  pupil  of  Lucas  the  elder,  and  stu- 
dent at  Antwerp  of  Gccraard  /cgers  ;  re- 
turned to  Mechlin  in  1(135,  then  painted  at 
the  court  of  France,  spending  four  years  in 
Paris,  and  was  in  great  favour  with  Arch- 
duke Leopold  at  Brussels  ;  settled  at  Mech- 
lin in  1(54(5,  where  he  became  master  of  the 
guild  in  Kll'.l.  His  works  on  a  small  scale 
were  compared  to  those  of  ( ion/.ales  Cot  pies, 
and  his  large;  portraits  valued  equally  highly. 
Works  :  Portrait  of  a  Prior,  Tongerlno  Ab- 
bey ;  do.  of  Luc  Fay  d'herbe,  Mechlin  Mu- 
seum ;  do.  of  Gilbert  Mutsaerts  (1(545),  Lille 
Museum;  Male  Portrait  (1(550),  Cologne 
Museum  ;  Man  with  Pistol,  Dresden  Muse- 
um.— Biog.  nat.  de  Belgic|iie,  vii.  23*  ;  Ini- 
iner/eel,  i.  252  ;  Kramm,  ii.  511  ;  Michiels, 
viii.  22(5. 

FRANCIA,  or  FRANCIABIGIO.  See 
liigio. 

FRANCIA,  ALEXANDRE.  born  in  1S13, 
died  in  Brussels,  Aug.  24,  1884.  Marine 
painter  ;  took  his  subjects  from  Holland, 
Ireland,  and  Italy.  Gold  medal,  Brussels, 
1855  ;  Orders  of  Leopold,  Christ,  Mauritius, 
Lazarus,  Oak  Crown,  and  Medjidie.  Works  : 
On  the  Meuse  ;  Strand  of  Scheveningen  ; 
Riva  dei  Schiavoni ;  Lake  of  Killarney  ; 
Harbour  of  Calais;  Wreck  of  the  Amphitrite. 


81 


VII  AN  CIA 


FRANCIA,  FRANCESCO,   born   in  Bo- 
logna  in    1450,   died  there,  Jan.   5,    1517. 

Bologncse 
school.  Real 
name  Frances- 
co di  Marco  di 
Giacomo  llai- 
boliui ;  sou  of 
poor  parents, 
apprenticed  to  a 
goldsmith,  ma- 
triculated in 
,  1482,  became 
steward  of  the 
guild  iu  1483,  and  afterwards  Master  of  the 
Mint  under  Bcntivoglio.  Ho  was  painter,  en- 
graver, and  medallist,  as  well  as  goldsmith. 
His  master  was  Lorenzo  Costa,  but  he  may 
have  studied  under  Marco  Zoppo.  His 
Madonna,  Berlin  Museum,  and  his  St. 
Stephen,  Palazzo  Borghcse,  Rome,  are  ex- 
amples of  his  prc-PerugineHquo  manner, 
which  show  the  hand  of  the  goldsmith 
trained,  to  careful  finish  and  precision.  In 
1490  Franeia  had  become  the  ablest  draughts- 
man and  master  of  composition  in  North 
llalv.  An  Umbrian  character,  derived  from 
the  study  of  Perugino's  works,  shows  itself 
from  this  time  ;  as  in  his  fine  Madonna 
with  Saints,  Nativity  (1499),  Madonna  of  St. 
George,  Annunciation  (1500),  Bologna  Gal- 
lery; Madonna  with  Angels  and  Saints  (1499), 
S.  Jacopo  Maggiore,  Bologna ;  Madonna 
with  St.  Joseph,  Dudley  Gallery,  London; 
The  Deposition,  Parma  Gallery  ;  Madonna 
with  Angels  (doubtful),  Madonna  in  Adora- 
tion, Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Madonna 
with  Saints  (1502),  Holy  Family,  Berlin  Mu- 
seum ;  Madonna,  do.  with  Saints  and  An- 
gels, Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg.  Francia's 
third  manner,  uniting  Umbrian  softness 
with  Florentine  energy  and  power,  was  in- 
fluenced by  Raphael,  whom  he  may  have 
seen  in  1505  or  1500  at  Bologna,  with  whom 
he  corresponded,  and  for  whom  he  had 
a  deep  admiration.  His  portraits  show  a 
gradual  change  from  the  style  of  Perugiuo 
to  that  of  Raphael,  and  the  frescos  by  Fran- 


cia  (1509)  in  S.  Cecilia,  Bologna,  are  Rapli- 
aelesque.  Other  works  are  :  Coronation 
of  the  Virgin,  Duomo,  Ferrara  ;  Annuncia- 
tion, Brera,  Milan  ;  do.,  Gallery  Estense, 
Modeua  ;  Assumption,  S.  Frediano,  Lucca  ; 
Pieta,  Virgin  enthroned  with  Saints,  and 
Madonna  with  Saints,  National  Gallery,  Lon- 
f  don;  Baptism  of 


Gallery.  —  Vn- 
sari)    cd.    Mil.,    iii. 

533'  551  ;  c-  &  c- 

N.  Italy,  i.  55  G; 
Burcldiardt,  112,  387,  583  ;  Baldinucci,  i. 
598  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  lOcole  bolonaiso  ;  Liibke, 
Gesch.  ital.  Mai,  i.  447. 

FRANCIA,  GIACOMO  DI  FRANCESCO, 
born  before  1480,  died  in  1557.  Bolognese 
school.  Was  the  most  noted,  as  a  painter, 
of  Francesco  Francia's  sons.  In  the  fresco 
of  the  Baptism  of  St.  Valerian,  Oratory  of 
S.  Cecilia,  Bologna,  by  Giacomo,  the  figures 
arc  lifeless,  coarse  in  outline,  and  of  short 
proportions.  His  Martyrdom  of  St.  Cecilia, 
ib,  was  probably  painted  after  his  father's 
design.  Other  works  by  Giacomo  are  : 
Christ  on  the  Cross  adored  by  Saints,  Ma- 
donna with  Saints  (1520),  Saints  and  the 
Painter,  Bologna  Gallery  ;  Angels,  S.  Pe- 
tronius,  Bo- 


Florence  Academy;  Virgin  and  Saints  (1544), 
Brera,  Milan.—  C.  &  C,  N.  Italy,  i.  574  ;  Va- 
sari,  ed.  Mil,  iii.  558  ;  Lavice,  12,  150. 

FRANCIA,  GIOVAMBATTISTA,  born 
June  13,  1533,  died  May  13,  1575.  Bologn- 
ese school.  Son  of  Giulio  and  grandson  of 
Francesco  Fraucia  ;  a  poor  painter,  though 
a  rich  man,  none  of  whose  works  can  be 
authenticated.  Many  inferior  pictures  which 
pass  under  the  name  of  his  grandfather, 
Francesco  Fraucia,  may  safely  be  attributed 
to  him.—  C.  &  C,  N.  Italy,  i.  574  ;  Vasari, 
ed.  Mil,  iii.  558. 

FRANCIA,  GIULIO  DI  FRANCESCO, 
born  in  Bologna  (?),  Aug.  20,  1487,  died  (?) 


FRANCIS 

Bolognese  school,  Ronof  Francesco  Franeia.  manner.  Appraised  in  1834  at  70,000  reals. 
The  St.  Margaret  and  the  Dragon,  signed  — Curtis,  234  ;  Madrazo,  471. 
and  dated  July  10,  1518,  in  the  church  of  By  Murilln,  Heirs  of  tlio  Infant  Don  Se- 
the  Ahno  C'ollegio  di  Spagna,  Bologna,  is  a  bastian,  Pan,  France  ;  canvas,  H.  14  ft.  1 
joint  work  of  Giulio  and  Giacoino.  The  in.  >  1)  ft.  8  in.  The  Saint,  kneeling  at  left, 
only  picture  by  Giulio  alone  is  a  Descent  of  at  an  altar  placed  in  centre,  \vith  out- 
the  Holy  Ghost,  Bologna  Gallery. — C.  it  ('.,  stretched  anus,  looks  up  to  the  Saviour, 
N.  Italy,  i.  574  ;  Vasuri,  ed.  Mil.,  iii.  558  ;  seated  on  clouds  above  the  altar,  who  wup- 
Gualandi,  04.  ports  with  his  left  hand  a  cross  and  extends 

FRANCIS  I.,  portrait,  Tit  inn,  Louvre  ;  his  right  in  benediction  ;  on  the  left,  tho 
canvas,  H.  3  ft.  (H  in.  x'2  ft.  11  in.  Painted  Virgin,  kneeling  on  clouds,  intercedes  with 
in  1533  from  a  medal,  for  Titian  probably  her  Son  for  the  grace  of  Jubilee  nf  the  Por- 
never  saw  the  king.  Original  in  Palazzo  ciuucula,  whence  called  also  La  Porcinncula ; 
Giustiniani,  Padua.  Titian  painted  a  third,  above  the  altar,  a  group  of  cherubs  scatter 
which  Vasari  saw  in  the  palace  of  Urbino.  on  the  Saint  roses  which  have  sprung  from 
Engraved  by  G.  E.  Petit  ;  J.  B.  Massard  ;  the  thorns  he  has  used  as  a  scourge  ;  a  lav- 
M.  Leroux. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  vii.  4.'i7  ;  C.  brother  faintly  seen  on  the  left  of  the  altar; 
ft.  C.,  Titian,  i.  383  ;  Ridolli,  Maraviglio,  i.  above,  many  angels  and  cherubs.  Painted 
202;  Cab.  Crozat,  ii.  PI.  142;  Filhol,  vi.  PI.  about  1070  for  Capuchin  Convent,  Seville. 
431  ;  Must'e  franeais,  ii  ;  Miindler,  20!)  ;  Cli.  Given  to  1).  Joaquin  liejarano  for  restoring 
Blanc,  Kcole  venitienne.  church  and  its  pictures  after  French  ocen- 

FRANCIS  OF  ASSIST,  ST.,  Mtn-illo,  Se-  pat  ion  ;  sold  for  1S,0(HI  reals  to  1).  Jose  de 
ville  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  !)  ft.  x  (!  ft.  Tlie  Madra/o,  from  whom  Infant  Don  Sebastian 
Saint,  standing  with  his  right,  foot  on  a  bought  it  for  1)0,000  reals.  Lithographed  by 
globe,  embraces  the  crucified  Saviour,  who  V.Camaron. — Palomino,  iii.  422  ;( 1.  de  Leon, 
has  released  his  right  hand  from  the  cross  ii.  200  ;  Ford,  Handbook,  70S  ;  Curtis,  •_!;>:!. 
to  place  it  on  the  shoulders  of  the  Saint;  FRANCIS  BORGIA,  ST.,  I  W</x7  «,•;•,  Staf- 
nt  right,  two  cherubs  in  clouds  hold  an  ford  House,  London  ;  about  5  ft.  10  in.  •  .4 
open  folio.  In  his  vaporoso  (vaporous)  or  ft.  2  in.;  eight  figures,  lifc-si/.e.  St.  Francis, 
last  manner.  Painted  about  1070  for  Cap-  in  white  dress,  with  plumed  hat  in  hand, 
uchin  Convent,  Seville.  Engraved  by  M.  presents  himself  to  St.  Ignatius  Loyola,  who, 
Gutierrez,  Mine.  Soyer  (outline)  ;  litho-  in  black  dress,  advances  to  receive  him  ;  be- 
graphed  by  Jacott ;  etched  by  L.  Flameng.  hind  former,  two  attendants  and  head  of  a 
Repetition,  George  Salting,  London;  sketch,  black  horse  ;  behind  latter,  three  priests  in 
Henry  G.  Bohn,  Twickenham,  Middlesex. —  a  doorway.  Captured  in  Spain  by  Soult, 
Curtis,  231.  I  who  sold  it  (18:55),  with  Murillo's  Abraham 

FRANCIS  OF  ASSISI,  ST.,  or  LA  POR-  and  Angels  and  Prodigal  Son,  to  Duke  of 
Clt'NCULA,  Miirillo,  Madrid  Museum;  can-  Sutherland  for  500,000  francs.  Copy  in 
vas,  H.  0  ft.  !•  in.x4  ft.  9  in.;  figures  a  little  Chapel  of  S.  Francisco  Borgia,  Church  of 
less  than  life-size.  The  Saint,  kneeling  on  Logrofio. — Stirling,  ii.  078  ;  Curtis,  11. 
right  before  an  altor  placed  on  left,  looks  up  FRANCIS  DE  PAUL,  ST.,  Murilf.t, 
to  the  Saviour  who  is  seated  on  clouds,  one  George  Perkins,  Chipstead  Place,  Kent, 
hand  in  benediction,  the  other  supporting  a  England  ;  a  large  picture.  The  Saint,  kneel- 
cross  ;  the  Virgin  is  seated  on  the  right,  with  ing  in  prayer,  looks  np  at  the  word  Caritas 
the  left  hand  extended  ;  above,  heads  and  in  the  sky  above  ;  cherubs  hover  over  him. 
cherubs  ;  beneath  the  Saviour,  three  cher-  Perhaps  picture  sold  at  Ashbnrnham  sale 
ubs  ;  all  showering  roses  on  St.  Francis.  (1850)  for  C  1,050.  Repetition,  without  the 
In  the  painter's  second  or  calido  (warm)  cherubs,  Madrid  Museum. — Curtis,  23'J. 

S3 


FRAXCIS 


•  %3 

••-K'Vr 

I  x^vT-? 

:/.,,;,  \~,J.     , 

1    '    <    "-• 


FRANCIS  XAVIER,  ST.,  Mimllo,  John  '  rious  positions  around ;  behind  the  multi- 
S.  W.  Erle-Drax,  Olantigh  Towers,  Kent, ,  tude  rises  a  splendid  temple  with  idols,  one 
England  ;  canvas,  figures  full-length,  life-  of  whicli  is  falling  upon  its  affrighted  wor- 
size.  The  Saint  kneeling  with  eyes  upraised  ;  shippers  ;  above,  in  clouds,  the  Virgin  with 
a  stream  of  light  falls  on  his  breast,  from  a  chalice,  surrounded  by  angels  bearing  a 
which  issues  a  flame  ;  in  background,  group  j  cross,  in  a  stream  of  celestial  light.  Painted 
of  Indians  in  a  landscape.  Belonged  to  D.  for  Jesuits'  Church,  Antwerp  ;  bought  in 
Francisco  Artier,  from  whom  purchased  1774  by  Empress  Maria  Theresa  for  18,000 
about  1800  by  Mr.  Campbell,  Buchanan's  florins.  Original  sketch  also  in  Vienna  Mu- 
seum. Engraved  by  Mariuus  ;  J. 
Blaschke.— Smith,  ii.  18  ;  Gal.  de 
Vienne,  iii.  PI.  13G. 

FRANCISCA,  daughter  of  Ve- 
lasquez (?;,  rulaxijxez,  Madrid  Mu- 
seum ;  canvas,  H.  1  ft.  11  in.  x  1  ft. 
G  in.  About  seven  years  old,  half- 
length,  standing,  in  grayish  dress 
with  slashed  sleeves  and  bow  of 
red-and-white  ribbon  on  breast ; 
holds  a  bunch  of  flowers  on  a  white 
cloth,  her  hands  touching  each 
other.  Etched  by  B.  Maura.  An- 
other portrait,  resembling  this, 
except  that  the  hands  do  not  touch 
and  bow  of  ribbon  is  red,  also  in 
Madrid  Museum.  —  Curtis,  103  ; 
Madrazo,  G22. 

FRANCISQUE.     See  Millet. 
FRANCK,    FRANZ    FRIED- 
RICH,  born  at  Augsburg  in  1G27, 
died    there    in    1G87.      German 
school ;   history  painter,  son   and 

•fT  ^JL_     v-^  -T  V'r^'^rir    pupil  of  Hans  "DlrichF.  (1603-80). 

f  ,      !  %j^v3sv?^  I   ^^M .  J-i  --  ,|)      Works:  Jacob  and  Esau,  St.  Ann's, 

Augsburg  ;  Job  and  the  Orphans, 
Esther,  David  (all  of  1G74),  Or- 
phan Asylum,  ib. ;  St.  Francis  Dy- 
ing, Obermiinster  Stift,  Ratisbon  ; 


1     '•••/- -^ 

^XutfSa^vi- 

"  >-^~ 


Sffl 
•'"MW-^'i 

Ii  IP 

;  !:.J:> 


...        \ 


;f 


St.  Francis  Xavier,  Rubens,  Vienna  Museum. 


agent  in  Spain  ;  passed  to  Mrs.  Grant,  who  |  Arrival  of  Jacob  at  Joseph's  in  Egypt,  St. 


sold  it  to  C.  O'Neil,  whence  purchased  by 
Mr.  Drax.  —  Palomino,  iii.  421  ;  Davies,  Mu- 
rillo,  Ixiii.;  Passavant,  Tour  in  England,  ii. 
20  ;  Curtis,  241. 

By  Rubens,  Vienna  Museum  ;  canvas,  H. 
17  ft.  x  12  ft.  G  in.  St.  Francis  Xavier, 
standing  upon  a  high  pedestal,  habited  in 
the  black  robes  of  his  Order,  is  healing  the 


Ann's,  ib. ;  Table  with  Musical  Instruments 


(2),  Gotha  Museum  ;  Portraits  of  Man  and 


sick  and  the  dying,  who  are  grouped  in  va-  I  Wife   (1G74),   Nuremberg   Museum  ;    Male 


84 


FUANCKKX 


Portrait,     Vienna     Museum. — Allgcm.     d. 
Biogr.,  vii.  211. 

FRANCKEN  (Franck),  AMBROSIUS,  the 
elder,  born  at  Hcrenthals  in  1544,  died  in 
Antwerp,  Oct.  16,  1G1H.  Flemish  school ; 
history  and  portrait  painter.  Son  of  Nico- 
las  (died  15%),  a  mediocre  painter ;  pupil 
of  Frans  Floris  ;  when  twenty-five  years  old 
went  to  Fontainebleau  to  study  tho  great 
frescos  of  II  Rosso  and  of  Primal  iecio.  In 
1573  free  master  of  St.  Luke's  Guild  at  Ant- 
werp, and  in  1581-82  its  dean.  "Works  : 
Madonna  with  Angels  (wreath  of  flowers  by 
Jeronimus  van  Kessel),  Dresden  Gallery  ; 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Crispinus,  Miracle  of  the 
Loaves  (1508),  Last  Supper,  Martyrdom  of 
St.  George,  four  episodes  from  life  of  St. 
Sebastian,  twelve  others,  Antwerp  Museum  ; 
Christ  and  the  Adulteress,  liaising  of  Jairus's 
Daughter,  Christ  on  Mount  of  Olives  (1(500, 
masterpieces),  The  Trinity  (1(J()S),  several 
Portraits,  St.  Jacob's  Church,  Antwerp  ;  PA  it 
from  the  Ark,  Valenciennes  Museum.  Am- 
brosius,  the  younger  (died  1G32),  who  was 
a  master  in  the  Antwerp  guild  •.  ^ 

in  1(524,  was  son  and  pupil  of      ^/j* 
Frans    the  elder. — Biog.  nat. 
de  Belgi(|ue,  vii.  243  ;  Cat.  clu  Musee.  d'An- 
vers  (1874),  15!)  ;  Michiels,  vi.  318  ;  Rooses 
(Reber),  110;  Van  den  Branden,  351. 

FRANCKEN",  CONSTANTYN,  born  at 
Antwerp,  baptized  April  5,  1(5(51,  died  there, 
Jan.  12,  1717.  Battle  painter,  grandson  of 
Frans  Francken,  the  younger ;  went  to 
France  at  an  early  age,  worked  for  years  in 
Paris  and  Versailles,  and  after  his  return  to 
Antwerp  entered  the  guild  in  l(!ir>.  Works  : 
Battle  of  Eekorcn,  Retreat  of  General  Mar- 
ten van  Rossum,  City  Hall,  Antwerp. — Van 
den  Branden,  '.(78. 

FRANCKEN,  FRANS,  the  elder,  born  at 
Hereuthals  about  1540,  died  in  Antwerp, 
Oct.  G,  1G1G.  Flemish  school  ;  history  paint- 
er, brother  of  Ambrosius  the  elder  ;  pupil  of 
Frans  Floris ;  obtained  the  citizenship  of 
Antwerp  in  1507,  and  in  the  same  year  was 
admitted  as  free  master  to  tho  guild  of  St. 
Luke,  of  which  in  1588-89  he  was  the  dean. 


Works :  Eteocles  and  Polynices,  Museum. 
Antwerp  ;  Triptych,  with  Jesus  among  Doc- 
tors (1587),  Cathedral,  ilj.;  Burial  of  Christ, 
Jesus  appearing  to  Mary  Magdalen,  St.  -la- 
cob's  Church,  ib. ;  Destruction  of  Pharaoh's 
Army,  Blenheim,  pjigland  ;  History  of  Es- 
ther, Louvre  ;  Flight  into  PIgypt,  Christ  led 
to  Golgotha  (151)7),  An  Allegory,  Creation 
of  Eve,  Creation  of  Animals  (landscape  of 
last  two  by  J.  Brueghel),  Dresden  Gallery; 
Banquet  with  Music,  Old  Pinakothek,  Mu- 
nich ;  Curiosity  Simp,  Assembly  of  Ladies 
and  Gentlemen,  Piece  Homo,  Vienna  Mu- 
seum.— Biog.  nat.  de  Belgi<|iic,  vii.  242  ; 
Cat.  dii  Mus.  d'Anvers  (1.S74),  Id',:  Mi 
chiels,  vi.  315  ;  Kie^el,  Bcitriigo,  ii.  7  t  ;  Van 
den  Brandon,  312. 

FR.VNCKKN.FKAXS,  the younger,  called 
Don  Francisco, 
bo  rn  in  Ant- 
werp. May  (>, 
1581,  d'ied 
t  here,  May  I!, 
1(542.  Flemish 
school ;  history, 
landscape,  and 
interior  painter, 
son  and  pupil  of 
Frans  P'rancken, 
the  elder  ;  went  at  an  early  ago  to  Italy,  and 
studied  after  tho,  old  masters  in  Venice,  where 
ho  is  said  to  have  acquired  his  surname. 
Master  of  the  guild  at  Antwerp  in  1(5(15,  dean 
in  1(515.  Painted  the  foreground  figures  in 
pictures  of  Velvet  Brueghel,  Neefs  the  elder, 
and  Josse  de  Momper.  His  various  modes 
of  signature  have  caused  the  greatest  dilli- 
culties  in  attributing  certain  works  to  him 
or  to  his  father,  but  it  seems  now  sufficiently 
certain  that  in  his  father's  lifetime  lie  signed 
"  den  jon.  P\  l'\,"  after  the  death  of  the  elder 
Frans  (1616)  signed  his  name  without  ad- 
dition, occasionally  prefixed  "  Do.,  D"."  (Don, 
DominusV),  but  also  still  "Den  jon.."  and 
after  1(530,  "D.,  Do.,"  or  "  D'ouden"  (the 
elder),  as  then  his  son,  Frans  III.,  may  have 
begun  to  work  independently.  He  is  the 
most  famous  of  this  numerous  family  of  ai- 


FRANCKEN 


lists  ;  his  works  ai-o  distinguished  for  grace- 
ful treatment,  remarkable  harmony,  spirited 
touch,  and  capital  drawing.  Works:  Christ 
Sentenced,  St.  John  Preaching,  Ecce  Homo, 
Taking  of  Christ,  Neptune  and  Amphitrite, 
Interior  of  Church  in  Flanders,  Madrid  Mu- 
seum ;  Passion  of  Chrisl,  Prodigal  Son, 
Prince  visiting  Treasury  of  a  Church,  Lou- 
vre, Paris;  Chrisl,  bearing  the  Cross,  Lille 
Museum  ;  Magdalen  washing  Christ's.  Feet 
(I(!'2S),  Noire  Dame,  Bruges;  Cnesus  and 
Solon,  Brussels  Museum  ;  Martyrdom  of  the 
Crowned  (K1'2I),  Works  of  Mercy  (1(108), 
Miracle  of  SI.  Bruno's  Grave,  Interior  of  Art. 
Cabinet,  Antwerp  Museum  ;  Ball  at  Court  of 
Allierf  and  Isabella  (1(U  1),  Parable!  of  Prod- 
igal Son,  Adoration  of  Christ  and  Virgin 
(Kill!),  National  Museum,  Amsterdam  ;  Mu- 
sical Company  in  a  great  Hall,  Rotterdam 
Museum;  Galatea,  Adoration  of  (he  Magi, 
Joseph's  ( 'olli 1 1  and  Destruction  of  I  he  Kgyp- 
tians  ('2),  King  Midas,  The  Royal  Banquet, 
Brunswick  Museum  ;  Homage  to  Flora,  Cas- 
sel  Gallery;  Destruction  of  the  Fgypt  ians 
(Hi'2l),  Kiinslhalle,  Hamburg;  do.,  Mann- 
heim (iallery  ;  do.,  and  Parable  of  Prodigal 
Son,  Carlsruhe  Gallery;  the  World  doing 
Homage  to  Apollo  (1l!'2!h,  Oldenburg  Gal- 
lery ;  Apclles  painting  Campaspe,  The  Five 
Senses,  Copenhagen  Gallery;  Rape  of  Hel- 
en, Stockholm  Museum;  Feeding  of  the 
Five  Thousand  (KHil),  Dessau  Gallery; 
Neptune  and  Amphitrite,  Belsha/./.ar's 
Fcasl,  Triumph  of  David,  Solomon  and  the 
(^uccn  of  Sheba,  Solomon  showing  his 
Treasures  to  the  Prophet,  Martyrdom  of  St. 
Andrew,  Solomon  seduced  to  Idolatry, 
Sword  of  Damocles,  ( iotha  Museum  ;  Christ 
on  Mount  of  Olives,  Washing  of  Feet,  Solon 
and  Cro'sus,  Temptation  of  St.  Anthony  ('!), 
Berlin  Museum  ;  Christ  bearing  the  Cross 
(151)7),  Christ  and  the  Woman  taken  in 
Adultery  (IfiO(i),  Dresden  Gallery;  Martyr- 
dom of  St.  Lawrence,  Asehafl'enbnrg  Gal- 
lery; Seven  Works  of  Mercy  (UiUO),  Cav- 
alry Skirmish  (Klltl),  An  Allegory,  Old 
Pinakothek.  Munich;  Christ  and  Nicode- 
uuis,  Crucifixion  (1(10(1),  Witches'  Sabbath, 


do.  (1007),  Croesus  and  Solon  (attributed  to 
Frans  the  elder),  Vienna  Museum  ;  Witches' 
Sabbath,  St.  Elizabeth  nursing  the  Sick, 
Berne  Museum  ;  Executions  in  the  Nether- 
lands by  order  of  Duke  of  Alva,  Musee 
Rath,  Geneva  ;  Seven  Works  of  Mercy,  Her- 
mitage, St.  Petersburg;  Dives,  the  Rich 
Man  of  the  Gospel,  Museum,  New  York  ; 
Passage  of  the  Red  Sea,  Crucifixion  (both 
attributed  to  Frans  the  elder),  Historical 
Society,  ib.  ;  Artist's  portrait,  and  three 
others  (?),  ITffi/i,  Florence;  others  in  Pa- 
la/,/.o  Pitti,  ib.,  Augsburg,  and  Schleissheim 
'Galleries,  in  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  Vienna, 
s-  t~  and  Bor- 

/    fraAs  cfttA/  Kh(S<  (Jal- 
/    /  A  °  //?,  r       1(rji  Rome> 

'       J    S\         /V  I)  ].;,,,,    n|lt 

/    -I  f  deBelgi(|ue, 

Jj)~cts*cKe/v  •  ^^v'11 

\2S  *  1>1  TM         1 

Blanc,  hcole 

llamande  ;  Cat.  du  Musee  d'Anvers  (1874), 
1(17;  Meyer,  Gomiildo  d.  Kojigl.  Mils.,  1(17; 
Ricgel,  Boitriigo,  ii.  74  ;  Rooses(Reber),  151!  ; 
Van  den  Brandon,  (!15. 

FRANCKEN,  FRANS  HI.,  called  do  Ru- 
bensche  Francken,  born  in  Antwerp  in  1(107, 
died  there,  Aug.  '21,  1(1(17.  Figure  painter, 
son  and  pupil  of  Frans  Francken,  the 
younger,  with  whom  he  worked  conjointly 
probably  until  Ki.'i'.),  when  he  became  mas- 
ter of  the  guild  ;  afterwards  greatly  inllu- 
enced  by  Rubens,  whence  his  surname. 
Works:  St.  John  Baptist  preaching,  Liech- 
tenstein Gallery,  Vienna  ;  Figures  in  Church 
Interior  by  Noofs  the  elder  (1(154),  National 
•Museum,  Amsterdam  ;  do.  (1(!5'2),  Schwerin 
Gallery  ;  St.  John's  Head  given  to  Herodias, 
Mr.  Theodoor  van  Lcrius,  Antwerp  ;  Scourg- 
ing of  Christ,  Miss  Vcrschuylen,  ib.;  Conti- 
nence of  Scipio,  Mr.  Dufraisne,  Cambrai. — 
Michiols,  viii.  '2(i5  ;  Van  den  Brandon,  G1H. 

FRANCKEN,  HANS,  or  JAN  (Jan  Bap 
tist?),  born  at  Antwerp  in  1581,  died  there, 
Dec.  24,  lfi'24.  Flemish  school  ;  history 
painter,  nephew  and  pupil  of  Ambrosius 
Franekon,  the  older,  then  studied  in  Paris, 
and  returned  to  Antwerp  in  KiOS  ;  formed 


FKANCKEN 

himself  after  Rubens  and  Van  Dyck  ;  inns-  Bridge  (UV20),  Antwerp    Museum;    F.sihcr 

tor  of  the  guild  in   Kill.      His  portrait   by  before  Ahasiierus. 

Van   Dyck   is  in  the  Amsterdam  Museum.        FUANC'KKN.  JOHANNT.S.  born  in  Ant 

Works  :  Christ  among  the  Doctors,  Descent  worp  about  1500  (?).     Flemish  scliool  ;  his- 

uf  the  Holy  Ghoul,  Bruges  Museum.    Copies  tory  and  landscape  painter,  supposed  pupil 

lifter   Rubens:  Visitation  of  Mary,  Assunip-  of  .lacoli  van    t'treeht;    seems  to  have  left, 

tion,  Adoration  of  tho  Sliepherds,   il>.  ;   I  )e-  Antwerp  at  an  early  period,  and  in  l.ViOsct- 

capitatiou  of  St.   John,    Brussels   Museum:  tleil  in  Naples,  \\liere  he  was  called   Franco, 

Christ  and  Magdalen  (in  landscape  liy  Vel-  and  where  Wenecslaus  Coherghcr  lived  \\ith 

vet    Brueghel),  Kotterdam   Museum  ;   Heads  him,    and    niarrieil    his    daughter.       Work  : 

of  Seven  Apostles  (attributed),  Dresden  Mil-  Adoration  of  th<'  Magi   (l.Vi(i),   Franciscan 

scum.      Van  den  Branden.  !!.'!',(,  (J'J'J  ;  Kraiiiin.  Church,    Naples.      Biog.    nal.    de    BelgitpK', 

ii.  filtS  ;   Fetis,  Cat.  dii  Mus.  Koyal.  :{•_»•_'.  vii.  :].">:!  ;   Imnier/eel.  i.  'JIT. 

FKANCKF.N,   HIKUONYMUS  (Jcrooiu),        FRANCKF.N.    1'.    II.  (II     1'. '.'i.  flourish, ,| 

the    elder,    born    at  about  tho  middle  of  17(h  century.      Flemish 

HerenthiUs  in  1">1'2,  .  •  f  •/  school;  history  painter,  recalling  in  his  works 

died   in   Paris  (V),  i       /'  fi  the  school  of  Kubi-ns.      NVorKs  :  St.  Francis 

May  1,  KilU.     Fleni-  'if.J'    3*  &  "f  Assi^i.  Th,.  Poisoned  Cup.  Si.   I  ,ouis  as  a 

isli    school;    history  Crusader.  St.  Anthonv  of  1'adiia  ( 1  ll.'i'J  I.  \nl 

mid  portrait  painter,  -.V      <^^  werp    Museum.     Cat.    du    Musi'-e    d'An\ers 

l.rotherof  Fransand  Jk     "*wT  (ISTI).   171. 

Ambrosiustheeldc  r;  1,1  FKANCKF.N     S  !•'.  15  V  S  T  I   V  \  N  .      Sei- 

•i    >  11        i-i-  T"V\v       .. 

pupil  of  r  runsr  Ions,  \  .>  \ram\r, 

went  to   France,  be-  FRANCO,    J5( )!,(  X  iNKSK.    en. I    of    |:tih 

came  ]>ort rait  jiaint-  and  earlv  ]>art  of   1  Ith  centur\.      BologneM- 

er  to  Henry   III.,  and,  continuing  in   favour  school;  mentioned  by  Haute  as  a  nnniatur- 

at  court   under  Henry  IV.  and   Louis  XIII.,  ist  in  connection  with  Odcrisio  ( I'urgatory, 

was   called    the   j>ainter   of    kings.      Visited  c\i.  7'.M.      Malvasia  says  that  he  founded  in 

Italy  either  before  or  after  having  lirst  set-  Kologna  the  school  out  of  which  arose  Yi- 

lled   in  Paris.      In    l.V.IO  he  retired  to  Ant-  tale,  Loren/.o,   Simone,   .lacopo.  and   Cristo- 

wcr]i,  where   he   attracted  all   the   pupils  of  fano,  but  there   are   no  authentic  records  of 

his  old   master,  Floris,  latelv   deceased,  but  him.      Perhaps  a   pupil   of  Odcrigi   d'\-..l. 

soon  returned  to  Paris.      Works  :  Abdication  bio,  when   that    painter  wan  working  at   I!" 

of  Charles  V.,    National    Museum,    Amster-  logna  in    PJiiS.      A   Madonna  (•'nthroned.  in 

dam  ;  Charles  V.  taking  Orders,   Lillo  Mu-  the  collection  of  Prince    F.rcolani.  Bologna, 

seum  ;  Decapitation   of   St.   John    the    Bap-  bears  his  name  and   the  date  IIH'J.      It    has 

list  (Ki(MI),    Dresden  (lallery  ;  Assembly  of  been   ri'paintecl,  but    it    seems   a   picture   of 

tho   Sea-(!ods,   Stockholm   Museum.  —  Biog.  tin;  1  Ith  century  with  some  of  the  affected 

nal.   de   Belgiipie,   vii.   '2 1 1  ;   Jal.,   (>P2;   Mi-  grace  of  nioveiiKMit  peculiar  to  th(>  artists  of 

duels,  v.  ;U7  ;  vi.  .'!1'2;  Van  den  Branden,  (lubbio  and   Fabriano.     C.  A   ('.,    Italy,   ii. 

:tltl.  -J(Mi  ;  Siret,   It:!:!;  Cibo,  Scuola   t'mbra,  PJ  ; 

FUANCKKN,    HIKHONYMfS,    the  Malvasia,  Felsina  Pittrice,  i.  L'.'i. 

younger,  born  in  Antwerp,   baptised  Sept.  FRANCO,  ( ilOVANNI  BATTISTA,  born 

12, 1578,  diecl  there,  March  17, 1623,     Flem-  at  Udino  in   1510,  died  in  Venice  in   ir.su. 

ish  school,  son  of  Fraim  tho  elder  ;  histori-  I'mbrian  school;  family  name  Semolci,  ac' 

cal    tiguro    painter,    jinpil    of     Ambrosiiis  cording  to  /anetti.     Went   early   to  Homo 

Franckcn  ;    master    of    tho   guild    in    l(i()7.  and  studied  works  of  Michelangelo  ;  becanm 

Works :    Horatiuu  Codes  lit  tho   Subliciim  a  very  able  designer,  but  wits  less  success- 


FEANgOIS 


fnl  as  a  colourist.  He  executed  frescos  in 
Rome,  TJrbino,  Venice  (1550),  and  other 
places,  and  made  many  designs  for  architect- 
ural decorations.  "Was  also  an  engraver, 
and  Bartsch  enumerates  ninety-three  of  his 
etchings.  Works :  Battle  of  Montemurlo, 
Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence  ;  Baptism  of  Christ, 
S.  Francesco  della  Yigna,  Veiiiee,  Madonna, 
S.  Giobbo,  ib. — Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  ombri- 
enne  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  xi.  317  ;  Bartsch, 
xvi.  111. 

FRANCOIS,  PIERRE  JOSEPH  CELES- 
TIN,  born  at  Namur,  March  1!),  1759,  died 
in  1851.  Flemish  school  ;  history  painter, 
pupil  of  Andreas  Lens  ;  visited  Italy  in 
1778-81  and  1789  92,  and  France  and  Ger- 
many repeatedly.  Among  his  pupils  were 
Nave/,  Decuisne,  and  Madou.  Order  of  Leo- 
pold in  1845.  Works  :  St.  Germain  bless- 
ing St.  Gencvu've  (Church  du  Sablon),  and 
Four  Evangelists  (Church  des  Minimes), 
Brussels  ;  Marius  amid  the  Ruins  of  Car- 
thage, National  Gallery,  ib.  ;  Sylla  Tiburius, 
Portrait  of  Mine.  Du  Barry,  Arenberg  Gal- 
lery, ib.  ;  Assumption,  Ghent  Academy  : 
Physician  consulted  by  two  old  Women, 
Haarlem  Museum. — Immerzeel,  i.  251  ; 
Krannn,  ii.  511. 

FRANC UCCI.     See  Iut»ln. 

FRANK,  JULIUS,  born  in  Munich  in 
1820.  History  painter,  son  of  the  glass 
painter,  Michael  Sigismund  Frank  (died 
1847),  pupil  of  Schraudolph.  Works  :  St. 
George,  Diinkelsbiihl  ;  The  Good  Shepherd, 
The  Guardian  Angel,  Saalfelden  ;  Mater 
Dolorosa,  St.  Sebastian,  Cycle  of  wall  paint- 
ings from  sacred  and  profane  history  of  Ba- 
varia, National  Museum,  Munich  ;  do.  from 
New  Testament,  Philippine  Congregation 
in  Gostyn,  Posen.  Many  easel  pictures, 
chiefly  Madonnas.— Miiller,  182. 

FRANQUE,  JEAN  PIERRE  and  JO- 
SEPH, twin  brothers,  born  at  Buis  (Drome) 
in  1774.  French  school ;  history  painters, 
pupils  of  David,  enjoyed  reputation  under 
the  empire,  and  often  worked  conjointly. 
Pierre  painted  pictures  of  large  dimensions 
in  the  style  of  his  master,  and  was  employed 


at  the  Louvre  and  in  making  copies  and 
restorations  in  Versailles  Museum.  Medal, 
2cl  class,  1812  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1836.  Joseph 
went  to  Naples  in  1813,  where  be  became 
professor  at  the  Academy.  Works  by  Pierre: 
Battle  of  /iirich  (1812,  with  Joseph,  gold 
medal)  ;  Josabeth  saving  Joash  from  Fury 
of  Athaliah  (1817),  Niraes  Museum  ;  Con- 
version of  St.  Paul  (1819),  Dijon  Museum  ; 
Angelica  and  Medor  (1822),  Besancon  Mu- 
seum ;  Jupiter  and  Juno  on  Mount  Ida 
(1822),  Montauban  Museum  ;  Crossing  the 
Rhine  (1835)  ;  Siege  of  Lille  (1830),  Battle 
of  Lens  (1841,  with  Alaux),  Versailles  Mu- 
seum. Works  by  Joseph  :  France  in  Anar- 
chy appearing  to  Bonaparte  on  Banks  of 
Nile  (formerly  in  Luxembourg  Museum).  — 
Larousse,  viii.  787. 

FRANQUELIN,  JEAN  AUGUSTIN,  born 
in  Paris,  Sept.  1,  1798,  died  there,  Jan.  4, 
1839.  French  school  ;  history  and  genre 
painter,  pupil  of  Regnault.  Medal,  2d  class, 
1827.  Works  :  Christ  leaving  the  Temple 
1  (1819),  Tours  Cathedral  ;  Death  of  Malvina 
(1819),  Fontainebleau  Palace  ;  Daughter  of 
Jairus  (1822),  Amiens  Museum  ;  Baptism  of 
Christ  (1824),  Prefecture  de  la  Seine,  Paris  ; 
Conquest  of  Brisach,  1703,  Versailles  Mu- 
seum ;  Young  Woman  with  her  Child  and  a 
Dog,  Grenoble  Museum  ;  Mother  at  Cradle 
of  sick  Child,  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Bra- 
gella,  the  Sailor's  Wife  (after  Byron),  Italian 


Woman  with  Sick  Child  praying  before 
Madonna,  Leipsic  Museum.  —  Bellier  de  la 
Chavignerie,  ii.  580. 

FRARI,  IL.     See  fttawhi,  Francesco. 

FRASER,  ALEXANDER,  born  in  Edin- 
burgh, April  7,  1786,  died  at  Hornsey,  Feb. 
15,  1805.  Genre  painter,  studied  at  Trus- 
tees' Academy,  Edinburgh  ;  went  in  1813  to 
London,  where  he  became  assistant  to  Wil- 
i  kie,  and  painted  the  details  and  still-life  in 
his  pictures  for  twenty  years.  His  own 
works,  mostly  relating  to  Scottish  life,  show 


FUASER 


Wilkic's  influence.     Some  of  his  pictures 

Lave    been    engraved.     Works  :    Deoch-an- 

dornis  (1830)  ;  Village  Sign-Painter  (1837)  ; 

Sir  Walter  Scott  dining  with  a  Blue-Gown 

Beggar    (1844); 

The  Glass  of  Ale; 

ItobiiiMon  Crusoe 

reading  the  Bible 

to  Friday ;  Last 

Moments  of   Mary  C^ueeu  of  Scotts. — Red- 

grave  ;  Art  Journal  (18C.1),  125. 

ERASER,  ALEXANDER,  born  in 
Linlithgowshire,  Scotland  ;  contemporary. 
Landscape  painter,  member  of  U.S.A.  Stu- 
dio in  Edinburgh.  Paints  Scottish  scenery 
attractively.  Works  :  At  Barncleuth,  Na- 
tional Gallery,  Edinburgh  ;  Glen  Arnan, 
Trout  Stream  in  Highlands,  Springtime  at 
J)ingleton  (1878). 

FRASER,  CHARLES,  born  in  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.,  in  1782,  died  there  in  18CI). 
After  practising  law  several  years,  devoted 
himself  in  1818  to  art,  and  became  a  suc- 
cessful painter,  especially  of  miniatures, 
though  he  also  painted  historical  and  genre 
pictures  and  landscapes.  In  1857  a  collec- 
tion of  his  works  was  exhibited  in  Charles- 
ton, including  311$  miniatures  and  llt'J  other 
pieces.  He  numbered  among  his  sitters 
many  prominent  people. 

FRAUSTADT,  F.  A.,  born  at  Lauchstadt, 
near  Halle,  April  !),  1821.  History  painter, 
pupil  in  Dresden  of  Bendemaun,  Kietsehel, 
and  Schnorr  ;  has  lived  since  1857  in  Ant- 
werp. His  large  compositions  glorify  the 
Nibelung  Saga  and  form  a  kind  of  cycle. 
Formerly  painted  many  portraits.  Works  : 
Krimhilde's  Dream  ;  How  Siegfried  was  be- 
trayed ;  Siegfried's  Farewell  ;  How  Hagen 
did  not  rise  before  Krimhildo  ;  Tot/el's  In- 
dulgence Sermon  ;  Rope  Dancers  ;  Interior 
in  Time  of  the  Merovingians  ;  Goths  in 
Rome  ;  Portrait  of  Composer  Grctry  (1880 1. 

FREDERICK  BARBAROSSA,  DEAD, 
Karl  Wilhelm  Kulbe,  National  Gallery,  Ber- 
lin ;  canvas,  H.  7  ft.  4  in.  x  10  ft.  5  in. 
Upon  a  high  bier,  formed  of  lances  and  car- 
ried by  four  knights,  the  dead  king  lies  in 


state,  crown  on  head  and  sword  in  hand, 
surrounded  by  banners  and  escorted  bv 
Crusaders  mounted  and  on  foot  ;  preceding 
him  a  bishop  with  crosier,  accompanied  bv 
monks  and  ministrants  with  censors  ;  in 
background,  the  battle  has  begun  around 
the  city  of  Antioch,  from  which  smoke  is 
rising.  Bought  in  18(>',(  from  the  artist's 
bequest. 

FKKDI,  BAKTOLO  1)1.     See  /;„,•/, /,„„ 
im-ii  di  Manfredi. 

FREEMAN,  JAMKS  EDWAItD.  born  in 
Nova  Scotia  in  1808,  died  in  Rome.  Nov.  21. 
1884.  Figure  painter,  pupil  in  New  York  of 
the  National  Academy  ;  studied  ;md  painted 
many  years  in  Rome,  where  lie  resided. 
Elected  N.A.  in  LSI):!.  Works  :  Mother  and 
(Child  1808);  Beggars;  Youn^Italv.  Flower 
Girl;  Savoyard  Hoy  in  London;  Girl  and 
Parrot,  11.  P.  Kidder,  Boston;  Study  of  a 
head  for  Judith,  Lucchcse  Peasants  on  the 
Sands  of  the  Serchio  (188:!). 

FREER,  FREDERICK  \V..  born  in  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  in  184'.).  Genre  painter,  pupil  of 
the  Munich  Academv.  Member  of  Socielv 
of  American  Artists.  Exhibits  at.  the  Na- 
tional Academy.  Studio  in  New  York. 
Works  iu  oil :  Choosing  a  Study,  T.  I!  Clark, 
New  York  ;  Souvenir  of  Gainsborough 
(1881);  Wait  ing  (188-2);  In  Ambush  (  bss:!); 
Adagio,  Jeanette — Portrait  Study,  lieliind 
the  Fan  (188  J).  Water-colours  :  Arranging 
the  Bouquet,  Veiled  Head  (1881);  Dream- 
Life,  The  Mirror  (1885). 

FREESE,  HERMANN,  born  in  1'omerania, 
May  14.  1S11I,  died  at.  Hasenfelde,  July  2.",, 
1871.  Animal  painter,  pupil  in  Berlin  of 
Brticke  and  of  Stell'eck.  Works  :  Stags 
Fighting  (18.">7),  Stags  attacked  by  Wolves; 
Stags  Pursued,  Boar  Hunt,  National  Gallery, 
Berlin  ;  In  the  Pasture. — Rosenberg,  Berl. 
Malerseh.,  202. 

FREGEVI/E,  FRIEDRICH,  born  in  Ge- 
neva in  1777,  died  there,  Oct.  !»,  1811). 
Landscape  painter,  lived  for  many  years  in 
Berlin,  where  he  was  made  member  of  the 
Academy  iii  1820  ;  returned  to  Geneva  in 
182'J,  and  went  to  Dessau  in  183i).  Works: 


FKEMINET 


/    •'  '  >y. 

/      V; 

l^/®':j|al 

2y 


v 


Rhone  Valley  near  Geneva,  Lake  of  Geneva, 
National  Gallery,  Berlin. 

FREMINET  \Fivminel),  MARTIN,  born 

in  Paris,  Sept. 
24,  1507,  cliocl 
there,  June  18, 
1010.  French 
school ;  first 
instructed  by 
his  father,  a 
mediocre 
painter,  then 
by  Jean  Cou- 
sin. Went  to 
Koine  (1591),  was  influenced  by  the  Cava- 
liere  d'Arpino,  and  studied  the  works  of  Par- 
migianino  and  Michelangelo.  After  spend- 
ing sixteen  years  in  Italy  lie  rctunicd  to 
.France,  by  way  of  Savoy,  where  he  executed 
several  large  paintings  for  the  duke's  palace, 
and  in  KJ02  became  court-painter  to  Henry 
IV.,  who  intrusted  him  with  the  decoration 
of  the  chapel  at  Fontaineblean,  which  he  had 
nearly  completed  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
Was  surnamed  the  French  Michelangelo. 
Works  :  Several  paintings  in  the  Royal  1'al- 
^  ace,  Turin  ;  Mercury 
<^l,  commanding  JKneas 

•-»  |-»    to     abandon     Dido, 
1  IX  K   Louvre  ;   SS.    Mat- 
•*    •  thcw,    Mark,    Luke, 

J  o  h  n  , 
A  u  g  u  s  - 
tine,  Je- 
rome, Gregory,  and  Ambrose,  Orleans  Mu- 
seum.— Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  589  ; 
Ch.  Blanc,  Ecolc  franchise  ;  Jal.,  (515  ;  Lc- 
jeune,  i.  121  ;  iii,  302;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre. 
FRKRE,  CHARLES  (EDOL'AED),  born 
in  Paris,  July  10,  1837.  Genre,  landscape, 
and  portrait  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Ed- 
ouard  Frere,  and  pupil  of  Couture.  Medal, 
2d  class,  1848;  medal,  18G5.  Works  :  Mule- 
teer in  the  Alps  (1805) ;  Chariot  Race  (1807) ; 
Stable  Interior  (1808);  Basket-Sellers,  Stu- 
dio Interior  (1870);  Horses  unlading  Trees 
(1872);  Before  the  Rain  (1875);  Snow  (1870); 
A  Comer  of  Paris  (1877)  ;  Gramigua  Lava- 


I  tory  at  Naples  (1879);  Donkey  Tavern  at 

j  Trt'port,  Wood-cutting   at   Ecouen  (1880)  ; 

,  Hotel  de  Heaume  in  Paris,  Chestnut- Trees 
at  Bh'mur  (1881) ;  Truck  at  Ecouen,  Studio 
(1882);  Plaster  Quarry  at  St.  Brice,  Isle  of 
St.  Denis  (1883);  Surgical  Operation  (1884); 
Press-house  at  Chatel-Guyon,  Farriery  in 
Paris  {1885). 

FRERE,  (CHARLES)  THEODORE,  born 
in  Paris,  June  24,  1815.  Genre  and  land- 
scape painter,  pupil  of  J.  Cogniet  and  Roque- 
plan.  Exhibited  first  picture  in  1834.  In 
1830  he  took  part  in  the  Algerian  Expedi- 
tion, and  afterwards  spent  some  time  in 
Egypt.  Chiefly  paints  Eastern  scenes. 
Medals:  2 d  class,  1848  and  18G5.  Works: 
Stable  of  Loiret  (1835) ;  Street  of  the  Jews 
in  Constantino  (1842);  Caravan  at  a  Ford 
(1844);  Market  of  Constantino  (1848) ;  Arabs 
Halting  (1850),  Ministry  of  the  Interior; 
Mosque  at  Beyrout,  Bazaar  in  Damascus 
(1855)  ;  Bazaar  in  Beyrout,  Halt  at  Ghizeh 
(1857);  Harem  in  Cairo,  Donkeys  and  Don- 
key-Drivers in  Cairo,  Cafe  Mohammed 
(1S59) ;  Evening  Halt  at  Minieh,  Arab  drink- 
ing at  a  Fountain  in  Cairo,  Arabian  Restau- 

|  rant  at  the  Gates  of  Choubrah,  Festival  at 
Ulema's  in  Constantinople  (1861);  Ruins  of 
Karnac  at  Thebes,  Bazaar  in  Girgeh,  Potter 
at  Esne  (1803);  Okale  in  the  Morning 
(1804);  Cafe  of  Galata,  Island  of  Philso 
(1805);  Arab  Wedding  in  Cairo,  The  Even- 
ing Prayer  (1800);  Caravan  of  Mecca,  Ruins 
of  Palmyra  (1808);  Simoom,  Theatre  of 
Karaguez  (1809);  Evening  Halt  on  Banks 
of  Nile  (1870),  Caravan  for  Mecca,  Twilight 
in  Cairo  (1875);  Tomb  of  the  Caliphs  in 
Cairo  (187C);  Evening  in  Upper  Egypt 
(1877) ;  The  Nile,  Evening,  Desert  at  Noon- 
day (1878);  Beni  Souef,  In  Cairo  (1879); 
Copt  Street  in  Cairo  (1880) ;  Jerusalem  from 
the  Valley  of  Jehoshaphat  (1881);  Simoom 
near  the  Sphinx,  Morning  near  Cairo  (1882); 
Cairo  from  the  North  (1883);  The  Nile  at 
Nagadi  (1884) ;  The  Pyramids  and  Plain  of 
Gizeh,  Street  in  Cairo '(1885);  View  of  Kar- 
nac, Ruins  of  Luxor,  Laval  Museum ;  Arabs 
resting  in  Caravansary,  Nancy  Museum ; 


90 


FUKUK 


Well  near  Xebemy,  Stettin  Museum  ;  De- 
parture from  Jerusalem  for  Jaffa,  New  York 
Museum. — Bellier  cle  la  Chavignerie,  i.  581); 
Larousse,  viii.  817. 

FRERE,  (PIERRE)  EDOUARD,  born  in 
Paris,  Jan.  10, 1819. 
Genre  painter, 
brother  of  Thco- 
dore,  pupil  of  Paul 
Delaroche  and  of 
Ecole  iles  Beaux 
Arts.  He  gained 
his  first  success  in 
1840,  an<l  has  since 
steadily  improved, 
his  best  works  bo- 
ing  some  of  tho 

least  laboured.  Medals  :  Oil  class,  1S.">0  and 
18:55;  2.1  class,  1852;  L.  of  Honour,  IS."). 
Works  :  Preparing  for  C'hurch  (1805),  Cor- 
coran  Gallery,  Washington  ;  Little  Glutton 
(1840)  ;  Little  Mountebank,  Hen  with  the 
Golden  Eggs  (18-18);  Studio  (184!))  ;  Cook, 
Laundress  (1850),  Chartres Museum  ;  Going 
to  School,  Helping  Herself  (1850),  W.  T. 
Walters,  Baltimore  ;  Little  Purveyor,  Good 
Friday,  Dinner,  Reading  Lesson,  Young 
Woman  Combing  (1855);  Sunday  Toilet, 
Sweeper  (1857)  ;  Little  Housekeeper  (1857), 
Little  Dressmaker,  Cold  Day  (1858),  W.  T. 
Walters,  Baltimore  ;  Lesson  on  Flute,  Lit- 
tle Shiverers  (185!));  Little  School,  Dieppe 
(18G1);  Return  from  Woods,  Effect  of  Snow, 
Grandmother  (ISliO)  ;  Women  Spinning, 
Girl  Sewing  (18(14);  Palm  Sunday,  Work- 
shop at  Ecouen  (1800);  First  Steps,  Prayer, 
Blessing,  Library,  Little  Woodcutters,  In- 
terior at  Royat,  Stove  (1807);  Women  Sew- 
ing (1808);  Preparing  Dinner  (1808),  De- 
votion, Prayer,  W.  T.  Walters,  Baltimore  ; 
Girls  leaving  School,  Boys  leaving  School, 
Porch  of  Church  of  Saint  Paul  at  Antwerp ; 
Exercise  (1880),  J.  J.  Astor,  New  York  ; 

Jerusalem 

frj . from  thc  Val- 

ley  of  J  e- 
hosliaphat  (1881)  ;  Blessed  Water  (1882) ; 
Poor  Man's  Cider,  Before  Going  In  (1880); 


Pull  I'p,  Storm  in  a  Tub  (1RS4) ;  A  Bivouac, 
Bakehouse  (1885). — Bellier  de  la  Chavigne- 
rie, i.  5'JO  ;  Larousse  ;  Hamerton,  French 
Painters. 

FREUDEXBERGER,  SIGMUXO,  born 
in  Berne,  June  10,  1745,  died  there,  Aug. 
15,  1S01.  French  school  ;  genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Emmanuel  Handinann,  but,  went, 
to  Paris  at  twenty,  and  there  was  assisted  in 
his  studies  by  Wille,  Boucher,  Greu/.o,  and 
R<">slin.  Painted  portraits  and  genre  pieces 
in  Watteau's  style,  after  liis  return  home,  as 
well  as  Scripture  scenes.  Works:  Horo- 
scope Reali/.ed,  Fifteen  Scenes  from  Popular 
Life  in  Canton  Berne,  Berne  Museum;  Por- 
trait of  Haller,  City  I.ibrarv,  Berne  ;  Lov- 
er's Present  (177(1),  Historical  Societv,  New 
York. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  vii.  055;  Dolnne, 
0  ;  Wur/bach.  Fr.  Mali  riles  \\iii.  .lalirh.,  Oil. 

FRFY,  JOHANNES  (JACOB),  born  at 
Basle  in  1S10,  diecl  at  F rascal  i,  near  Koine, 
ill  1805.  Landscape  painter,  studied  prin- 
cipally in  Italy  ;  in  IS  12  he  accompanied 
Professor  Lepsius  to  Egypt,  whence,  on  his 
return  in  LSI:!,  he  brought  many  excellent 
sketches.  Works:  The  Caudine  Forks, 
Yiew  near  Granada,  do.  near  Rome,  do. 
near  Monreal — Sicily,  Caravan  surprised  by 
Saniimi,  Wood  Landscape  in  Roman  Moun- 
tains (last,  work),  Basle  Museum  ;  The  Stat- 
ues of  Memnon  near  Thebes,  the  Samum 
in  the  Desert,  New  Pinakothek.  Munich  ; 
Clmmsyn  in  the  Desert  (1845),  Emperor  of 
Germany;  Statues  of  Memnon,  Sphinx  Co- 
lossus near  Memphis  (1858),  Leipsic  Mu- 
seum. 

FREYBERG,  Baroness  ELEKTRIXE 
YON,  born  in  Stnisburg,  March  24,  17H7, 
died  in  Munich,  Jan.  1,  1847.  History  and 
portrait  painter,  daughter  and  pupil  of  Jo- 
hann  Stunt/,  landscape  painter.  Studied  in 
Munich,  and  in  1821-22  in  Rome,  where  she 
was  influenced  by  Overbeck,  and  was  made 
member  of  the  Academy  of  St.  Luke.  Works: 
Madonna,  /achariah  naming  St.  John,  Boy 
Flute-Player,  Xew  Pinakothek,  Munich  ; 
Holy  Family,  Birth  of  St.  John  (182!)); 
Three  Holy  Women  at  the  Grave,  Madonna, 


FREYBERG 


Leuchtenberg  Gallery,  St.  retersbnrg  ; 
Charity,  life-size  Portrait  of  Artist,— All- 
gem.  (1.  Biogr.,  vii.  304  ;  Nagler,  Mon.,  ii. 
5!)3. 

FREYBERG,  KONRAD,  born  in  Stettin, 
March  14,  1842.  Horse  anil  military  genre 
painter,  pupil  in  Berlin  of  Steffeck,  especially 
successful  in  equestrian  portraits  on  a  small 
scale.  Works  :  Prince  Charles  of  Prussia 
and  Suite  (1872);  Ride  of  Prince  Charles  to 
a  Stag-Hunt  (187(5);  Prince  Hohenlohc  at 
Clamart,  Arrival  of  Prince  Frederic  Charles 
on  Battlefield  of  Yionville,  Surrender  of 
Metz  (1877) ;  Group  of  Officers  of  Garde  du 
Corps  (1878);  Encounter  at  Fermc  St.  Hu- 
bert, life-size  Male  Portrait  (18711). — Rosen- 
berg, Berl.  Malerseh.,  2i»3. 

FRIANT,  EMILK,  born  at  Dieuze  (Alsace- 
Lorraine).  Cienre  painter,  pupil  of  Caba- 
nel.  Medals:  :id  class,  1884  ;  2d  class,  1885. 
Works:  Studio  Interior,  Prodigal  Son 
(1882);  A  little  Rest  (188:i);  Favourite 
Corner  (1884);  The  Sketch,  Portrait  (1885). 

FRICH,  J.,  born  in  Christiania  in  1810. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen 
Academy,  then  studied  in  Dresden  and  Mu- 
nich. Generally  paints  Norwegian  subjects. 
Member  of  Stockholm  Academy.  Works  : 
Six  Norwegian  Landscapes  (1852),  Oscars- 
hall,  near  Christiania  ;  View  in  Hallingdal, 
Wood  Landscape  from  Thalemarken,  Chris- 
tiania Gallery. — Miiller,  185. 

FRIED,  HEINRICH  JAKOB,  born  at 
Queiehheim,  near  Landau,  March  11,  1802, 
died  in  Munich,  Nov.  2,  1870.  History, 
genre,  portrait,  and  landscape  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Stuttgart  and  Augsburg  art  schools, 
then  from  1822  of  Munich  Academy  under 
Langer  and  Cornelius.  From  1834-37  lived 
in  Rome  and  Naples,  came  to  Munich  in 
1842,  and  was  appointed  Conservator  of  the 
Art  Union  in  1845.  Works  :  Margaret  at 
Spinning  Wheel,  Knight  Toggenburg,  Hunt- 
ing Party  by  Castle  Trifels,  Blue  Grotto  of 
Capri,  New  Piuakothek,  Munich  ;  View  of 
Hohenschwangau;  Wounded  Knight;  Italian 
Pifferari ;  Cloister  of  S.  Scolastica;  Vintage 
Assembly  ;  Views  in  Sabine  Mountains  ; 


Tivoli ;  Views  in  the  Palatinate. — Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  vii.  387. 

FRIEDLANDER,  FRIEDRICH,  born  at 
Kohljanowitz,  Bohemia,  Jan.  10,  1825.  His- 
tory and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna 
Academy,  and  of  Waldmiiller  ;  visited  Italy 
in  1850,  Diisseldorf  and  Paris  in  1852. 
Member  of  Vienna  Academy  since  180(5. 
Works  :  Death  of  Tasso  (1852);  False  Play- 
ers ;  Kirmess  at  Mariabrunn  ;  At  the  Jewel- 
ler's ;  Interrupted  Division  ;  After  the  Lot- 
tery ;  Adoption  of  Child  ;  Shop  Politicians 
(1803);  Seizure  of  Incendiary  (1804);  Hour 
of  Rest  (1805);  Pawn  Shop,  Coburg  Gallery  ; 
House  of  Invalides,  Tasting  Wine  (18(50); 
Return  Home  (18(58);  The  New  Comrade 
(1808),  Vienna  Academy  ;  Service  of  Friend- 
ship ;  Strawberry  Sellers  (1872),  The  Inva- 
lides (1875),  Vienna  Museum  ;  News,  The 
Examination  (1883);  Distribution  of  Wine 
(1884).  —  Miiller,  18<i ;  N.  illustr.  Zeitg. 
(1883),  i.  340  ;  Wurzbach,  iv.  358  ;  Zeitsc.hr. 
f.  b.  K.,  viii.  (Mittheilungen,  i.  21). 

FRIEDRICH,  KASPAR  DAVID,  born  at 
Greifswalde,  Sept.  5,  1774,  died  in  Dresden, 
May  7,  1840.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of 
Copenhagen  Academy,  then  from  1798  in 
Dresden.  Became  professor  at  Dresden 
Academy  in  1817,  and  member  of  Berlin 
Academy  in  1840.  Works  :  Abbey  in  Oak- 
wood,  Wanderer  on  Seashore,  Royal  Palace, 
Berlin  ;  Harz  Landscape,  Moonrise  by  the 
Sea,  National  Gallery,  ib. ;  Moonlight  Scene 
(1810),  Giant's  Grave,  Rest  during  Harvest 
(1835),  Dresden  Gallery ;  Woman  on  Sea- 
shore beaconing  to  Ship,  Gotha  Museum  ; 
Crucifix  on  Hill  after  Sunset ;  Thirty-six 
views  of  Riigen. — Brockhans,  vii.  353. 

FRIEDRICHSEN,  ERNESTINE,  born  in 
Dantzic,  June  29,  1824.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  in  Diisseldorf  of  Marie  Wiegmann, 
then  of  Jordan  and  Wilhelm  Solm.  Works  : 
Convent  -  School ;  Polish  Country  Mail ; 
School-Children  crossing  Lake  ;  Polish  In- 
surgents in  Cellar  ;  Loving  Couple  in  Boat , 
Old  Church  in  Mazovia  ;  Children  in  Rome 
during  Carnival ;  Friday  Evening  in  Jewish 
Quarter  at  Amsterdam  ;  Polish  Rag-Pickers 


FRIES 


(1880);  Polish  Raftsmen  (1881);  Carpet  Em- 
broiderers in  Amsterdam  (1882). — Midler, 
186;  Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1881),  ii.  52:5;  (1882), 
ii.  359  ;  (1883),  i.  4G3. 

FRIES,  BERXHARD,  born  at  Heidel- 
berg, May  10,  1820,  died  in  Munich,  May 
21,  187!).  Landscape  painter,  studied  first 
in  Heidelberg,  then  in  Carlsruhe  under 
Koopman,  and  in  1835-37  at  Munich  Acad- 
emy. Lived  in  Rome  in  1838  45,  and  set- 
tled at  Munich  in  1S4G.  "\Vorks:  (llaciers 
of  Mont  Blanc  ;  Lake  of  Geneva  ;  Lake  of 
Como  ;  Ravine  near  Xemi  ;  N'eckar  Valley  ; 
Landscape  in  Storm  ;  View  in  Heidelberg 
Garden  ;  Morning  and  Evening  in  Woods 
of  Heidelberg;  Cycle  of  forty  Italian  Land- 
scapes ;  Mountain  Landscape,  Carlsruhe 
Gallery  ;  View  in  Sabine  Mountains,  Oreto 
Valley  near  Palermo,  Schack  Gallery.  Mu- 
nich ;  On  Lake  Constance,  /iirich  Gallery. 
— Kunst-Chronik,  xiv.  038;  W.  Miiller,  Diis- 
seldf.  K.,  332. 

FRIES,  ERXST,  born  at.  Heidelberg, 
June  22,  1S01,  died  in  Carlsruhe,  Oct.  11. 
1833.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  in  Heidel- 
berg of  Rottmann  and  in  Carlsruhe  of  Karl 
Kiint/.  Spent  four  years  in  Italy  (1823-27), 
then  lived  in  Munich  and  moved  to  Carls- 
ruhe (1S31),  where  he  was  appointed  court- 
painter.  Works  :  View  of  Tivoli ;  Sorrento 
with  Tasso's  House;  Po/.x.uoli  with  Bay  of 
Baiif  ;  Cape  Misenum  ;  Landscape 
in  style  of  Roman  Mountains,  Cas- 
tello  near  Amalti,  Carlsruhe  Gallery; 
Waterfall  near  Isola  di  Sora,  Xew 
Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Castle  at  Massa  ;  View 
of  Heidelberg,  do.  of  Heidelberg  Castle 
(182!)),  Valmontane  (1833),  Xational  Gal- 
lery, Berlin  ;  View  in  Sabine  Mountains, 
Leipsic  Museum. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  viii. 
72  ;  Jordan  (1885),  ii.  GO. 

FRIES,  HAXS,  born  at  Freiburg,  Switzer- 
land, in  Jan.,  1405,  died  about  1520.  Ger- 
man school;  worked  in  Basle  in  1487-88, 
made  city  painter  in  Freiburg  (1501 ),  where 
he  painted  the  Last  Judgment  in  the  City 
Hall  and  decorated  the  Episcopal  Palace. 
About  1518  he  settled  at  Berne.  His  works 


show  affinity  to  the  schools  of  Augsburg 
and  Cohnar,  though  generally  hard  in  tone 
and  inharmonious  in  colour.  His  contem- 
poraries ranked  him  with  the  greatest  GIT 
man  and  Italian  masters  of  his  time.  Works  : 
Six  Scenes  from  Life  of  Virgin  (1512).  T\\o 
Scenes  from  Life  of  St.  John  the  Baptist. 
Martyrdom  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist 
(1514),  Basle  Museum;  Four  pictures  of 
Saints,  Freiburg  Museum  ;  Legend  of  St. 
Anthony  (15()(i),  Franciscan  Monasterv, 
Freiburg;  Madonna  (  15(11  i,  St.  Ann,  SI ig- 
matization  of  St.  Francis,  Martvrdom  of  St. 
Sebastian,  ^  irgin  going  to  the  Temple, 
Marriage  of  the  Virgin  (1512),  Nuremberg 
Museum.  —  Allgem.  d.  Miogr.,  viii.  73  ;  His. 
Jahrb.  f.  K..  ii.  51  ;  \V.  \  \V.,  ii.  Is:!. 

FRIES.  KARL  FRIEDRICH,  born  at 
Winnweiler,  1'alatinatc,  Nov.  -Jd.  |s:!1.  ,li,.,| 
at  St.  Gallen.  Dec.  23.  1S71.  History 
painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academv,  then  of 
Berdelle,  and  in  Vienna  of  Ralil.  Lived 
many  years  in  Italv.  Works  :  Wine.  Wo- 
man.  and  Song  (1S02|;  Hercules  and  ()m- 
phale  (18G4);  Auro  Doceo  in  the  Abru/./i  ; 
excellent  copies  after  Titian  and  Palma  Ycc- 
chio. — Kunst-Chronik,  vii.  2(13. 

FRIIS,  HANS  GABRIEL,  born  at  Skov- 
gaard,  near  Hobro,  Jutland,  Sept.  7.  1*3'.). 
Landscape  j)ainter,  pupil  of  Lund  and  Kit- 
tendorf,  afterwards  of  Hkovgaard  ;  visited 
Dresden  and  Berlin  in  1S70,  Swit/erland 
and  Italy  in  1.S71  72.  Works  :  Summer 
Day  in  Jutland  (1SGS),  Copenhagen  Gallery. 
-  Sigurd  Miiller,  100;  Weilbach,  1*1. 

FRK^'FT  DE  V.U'RO/E  (Vaux-Rose), 
JACQl'ES,  born  at.  Troves  (Aube),  in  10IS, 
died  in  Paris,  June  25,  1710.  French 
school  ;  history  painter,  pupil  of  S.  Bour- 
don, after  whose  designs  he  painted,  about 
1GG3,  in  the  gallery  of  the  Hotel  of  M.  de 
Bretonvilliers.  Professor  and  member  of 
the  Academy  in  1070.  Works:  Peace  of 
Aix-la-Chapelle  (1070),  Louvre,  Paris  ;  Moses 
brought  to  Pharaoh's  Daughter  (1073); 
Daughters  of  Jethro,  Martha  and  Magda- 
len at  Christ's  Feet  (10!)!l);  Triumph  of 
Thetis.  Madonna  (17(14).  Jal..  G'JII. 


FRISCII 


FRISCH,  JOHANN  CHRISTOPH,  born 
in  Berlin  in  1730,  died  there  in  1815.  His- 
tory painter,  pupil  of  B.  Rode,  afterwards 
studied  in  Rome,  became  court-painter  and 
director  of  Berlin  Academy.  Works  :  Myth- 
ological subjects  and  scenes  from  life  of 
Frederic  the  Great  in  Royal  Palaces  of  Ber- 
lin, Potsdam,  and  Sans-souci. 

FRITEL,  PIERRE,  born  in  Paris  ;  con- 
temporary. History  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Ainu'  Millet  and  of  Cabanel.  Medal, 
2d  class,  1ST1.).  Works:  St.  John  Baptist 
(187C);  Despair  of  CEdipus  (1877);  Electra 
(1878);  Mater  Dolorosa  (1878),  Prefecture 
de  la  Seine,  Paris;  A  Martyr  (1870);  Fifer 
(1881)  ;  Remorse,  The  Widow  (1882);  Solum 
Pah-iii'  (1885). 

FRITH,  WILLIAM  POWELL,  born  at 
^-s\.  .,,  Studlev,  near  Ripon, 

'-  ';•,  in    1819.     Genre 

painter,  pupil  of 
Royal  Academy, 
London,  where  he 
exhibited  his  Mal- 
volio  and  Countess 
Olivia  in  1840. 
Elected  an  A.R.A. 
in  1<S45,  and  R.A.  in 
185:5  ;  member  of 

Royal  Academies  of  Vicuna  (180!)),  Belgium 
(1871),  Sweden  (187:5),  and  Antwerp.  Medal, 
Paris,  2d  class,  185.") ;  L.  of  Honour,  1878. 
Works  :  Othello  and  Desdemona  (1810)  ; 
Leicester  and  Amy  Robsart  (1841);  Duel 
from  TwelfthNight  (1843);  Knox  and  Queeii 
Mary  (1844);  Nora  Creiua  (1840);  Coming 
of  Age  (1849) ;  Pope  and  Mary  Montagu 
(1852);  A  Dream  of  the  Future  (185C); 
Derby  Day  (1858)  ;  Claude  Duval  (18(50); 
Jlailimy  Station  (18(52);  Marriage  of  Prince 
of  Wales  (1805) ;  Before  Dinner  at  Boswell's 
(18(58) ;  Henry  VIII.  (1872);  Pamela  (1875); 
Road  to  Ruin  (1878);  The  Private  View— 
1881,  Kate  Kearney,  Honeymooning  in 
Switzerland,  La  Belle  Marquise  (1883)  ; 
Beatrice  overhears  that  Benedick  loves  her, 
Dr.  Johnson  and  Mrs.  Siddons,  Cruel  Ne- 
cessity, London  Flower-Girl  (1884);  John 


Knox  at  Holyrood  (1885). — Art  Journal 
|(185G),  237;  Sandby,  ii.  2!)7 ;  Gaz.  des  B. 
Arts  (18G2),  xiii.  215. 

FRITSCH,  MELCHIOR,  born  in  Vienna, 
Jan.  2,  1825.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of 
Vienna  Academy,  where  he  studied  drawing 
under  Mossmer.  Although  self-taught  in 
painting,  he  obtained  the  Imperial  prize  in 
1845.  Works :  Burning  Village  after  Storm ; 
Pass  near  Giinsling  in  Tyrol  ;  Landscape  in 
Storm  with  returning  Villagers  (1874) ; 
View  on  Langbath  Lake  (1875)  ;  Burning 
Village  (1877).— Miiller,  187  ;  Wurzbach,  iv. 
372. 

FRIT/,  ANDREAS,  born  at  Parsonage  of 
Mou,  near  Aalborg,  Jutland,  Nov.  2,  1828. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen 
Academy  under  Kobke,  Gertner,  and  Mar- 
strand  ;  visited  Paris  in  1855  and  1878;  went 
abroad  again  in  1871.  Medals,  1854,  1855. 
Works:  Jutland  Gleaner  Girl  (1850);  Views 
in  Jutland  (1870-80).  — Sigurd  Miiller,  111  ; 
Weilbach,  186. 

FRIT/E,  MARGARETE  (AUGUSTE), 
born  at  Dreileben,  near  Magdeburg,  Oct.  28, 
1845.  Genre  painter,  first  instructed  in 
Bremen,  then  pupil  in  Munich  of  Griitzner 
and  Liezen-Mayer,  also  much  influenced  by 
Kotzebue  and  Alexander  Wagner.  Moved 
to  Stuttgart  in  1880.  Works  :  In  Foreign 
Lands  ;  Portraits.-  Miiller,  188. 

FROLICH,  LORENS,  born  in  Copenha- 
gen, Oct.  25,  1820. 
History  and  genre 
painter,  and  illus- 
trator, pupil  of 
Rorbye,  then  of 
Hetsch  and  Eck- 
ersberg.  Went 
in  1840  to  Munich, 
and  in  1842  to 
D  r  e  s  d  e  n,  where 
f  he  studied  imder 

Bendemaun,  then  (1846-51)  in  Rome,  and 
1851-54  under  Couture  in  Paris,  where 
he  went  again  in  1857,  then  settled  in  Co- 
penhagen in  1873.  Has  illustrated  many 
works  of  Danish  authors.  Danebrog  Order 


FROIILICIIER 


in  1857  ;  member  of  Copenhagen  Academy 
in  1877.  Works  :  Ingeborg  and  Fritjof 
(1837);  Peasant  pursued  by  "\Volves  (18158) ; 
Deer  in  Forest-Valley  ;  Palnatokc  shooting 
King  Harold  Blaatand  (Blue-tooth),  King 
Hvavelame  forcing  the  Dwarfs  Dyrin  and 
Dvalin  to  forge  the  Sword  Tyrving  (1840)  ; 
Cupid  and  the  Watersprite  (1845),  Leipsic 
Museum  ;  Return  from  Harvest  Field  (1852); 
Waldemar  Sejr  as  Founder  of  Jutland  Law, 
Frederic  IV.  receiving  Homage  of  Schles- 
\vig(  1854-57),  Court  of  Appeals,  Flensburg  ; 
Family  of  a  Wood-God,  Copenhagen  Gal- 
lery.—Sigurd  Miiller,  IK!  ;  Wcilbach,  190. 

FROHLICHEU  (Frolicher),  OTTO,  born 
at  Soleure,  Switzerland,  in  1840.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  in  Munich  of  J.  G.  Stellan,  then 
(1804  05)  of  Dilsselilorf  Academy ;  studied 
especially  the  hills  of  Bavaria  ami  the  Swiss 
Alps.  Works:  Group  of  Trees  in  Jura 
Mountains  (1800)  ;  View  in  Bernese  Alps 
(1809)  ;  Mountain-Brook  in  Uri,  View  in  Inn 
Valley  (1808)  ;  Landscape  in  Upper  Bavaria, 
View  in  Bernese  Oberland,  Berne  Museum; 
Village  in  Nether  Bavaria,  Saint  Gall  Mu- 
seum ;  Woodland  in  Upper  Bavaria,  Xiirich 
Gallery  ;  Moonlight  Scene  (1884).  -Miiller, 
188. 

FROM  EXT,  (Froment-Dolormel), 
JACQUES  VICTOR  EUGENE,  born  in 
Paris,  June  17,  1820.  History,  genre,  and 
landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Jollivet,  Lecomte, 
and  Anifiury-Duval.  L.  of  Honour,  ISO:!. 
Works  :  Indians  surprising  Camp  of  Hostile 
Tribe  (184!))  ;  Pawnee  Children  on  the 
Platte  River  (185:!;;  Love  Disarmed,  Egg 
Dance  (1859)  ;  The  Graces  (1807)  ;  Love 
Captive  (1870)  ;  The  Dance,  The  Seasons. 
Spring  (1875). — Bellicr  de  la  Chavignerie,  i. 
594. 

FROMENT,  NICOLAS,  born  at  Avignon, 
flourished  1401-76.  French  school.  This 
master,  whose  name  lias  only  recently  been 
found  in  the  archives  of  Marseilles,  flour- 
ished at  the  court  of  King  Rein'  of  Anjou. 
In  the  Flemish  character  of  his  works  he 
approaches  the  style  of  Rogier  van  der  Wcy- 
den.  Works  :  Triptych,  with  Burning  Bush 


and  Madonna  in  centre,  Saints  on  the  Wings, 
Aix  Cathedral  ;  Triptych  witli  Raising  of 
Lazarus  (1401),  Ulli/.i,  Florence.— W.  A  W., 
ii.  7l! ;  Burckhar.lt,  019. 

FROMENTIN,  F.UGENE,  born  at  La 
UochehY  (Tha- 
i-ant e  - 1  n  f  r  r  i - 
eure),  Oct.  21, 
1S20,  died  at 
St.  Maurice, 
near  La  Jto- 
c hello,  Aug. 
27,  1870.  ( ienrc 
p  a  i  n  t  c  r  ,  pu- 
pil of  Iiemond 
a  n  d  ('  a  bat  ; 
visited  Algiers  in  1840  48  and  in  1852  .">:!, 
and  brought  home  many  sketches,  from 
which  he  painted  his  characteristic  pictures 
of  Oriental  life.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
successful  romance,  "Dominique"  (1803), 
and  of  admirable;  works  on  art  an  traveld. 
Medals:  2d  class,  1st'.!,  IS.";  1st  class, 
1859;  L.  of  Honour,  1859;  Ollicer,  1*09. 
Works:  Farm  near  La  Rochelle,  Mosque 
near  Algiers,  View  in  Gorges  of  the  ChitVa 
(1847);  live  Algerine  Pictures  ( 1849)  :  11 
Pictures  on  Voyage;  to  Biskra  (1850) ;  Moor- 
ish Burial  (185I5);  Arab  Falconers,  Halt  of 
Merchants  before  Aghouat,  and  live  others 
(1857);  Negro  Jugglers,  Street  in  Aghouat, 
Border  of  Oasis  during  Sirocco,  Souvenir  of 
Algiers,  Audience  with  a  Chalif  (1859); 
Couriers  of  Ouled-Nayls  (1801 )  ;  Squall  in 
Plains  of  Alfa  (18(14);  Heron  ('hast!  (18(J5); 
Nomad  Tribe  on  Journey  (18(i(i);  Women  of 
Ouled-Nayls  (1807);  Centaurs  (1808);  Fan- 
tasia (1H09);  ('anal  Grande  and  Molo  in 
Venice  (1872);  Algerian  Falconer,  or  The 
Quarry  (1N73),  Arab  Encampment  (last 
work,  unfinished),  Luxembourg  Museum ; 
Ravine  (1874)  ;  The  Nile,  Souvenir  of  Esneli 
(1870).  Works  in  United  States:  Alge- 
rian Falconer  (1803),  Albert  Spencer,  New 
York  ;  Arabs  crossing  a  Ford,  Miss  C.  L. 
Wolfe,  ib.  ;  Halt,  A,  Belmont,  ib. ;  Arab 
Falconer,  J.  H.  Warren,  Hoosic  Falls,  N. 
Y.  ;  Arab  Falconer,  B.  Wall,  Providence; 


FUOMMEL 


Arab  Horses  going  to  Water,  H.  P.  Kidiler, 
Boston  ;  Street  Scene  in  Algiers,  H.  Pro-  • 
basco,  Cincinnati ;  Aral)  Horsemen  Hearing 
a  City,  Mrs.  W.  P.  Wilstach,  Philadelphia  ; 
Cavalcade,  A.  J.  Antclo,  Philadelphia;  On 
the  Nile,  J.  C.  Runkle,  New  York  ;  Arabs 
Marching,  J.  T.  Martin,  Brooklyn  ;  Chase, 
C.  P.  Hunting-ton,  New  York  ;  Donkey  at  a 
Ford,  It.  L.  Cutting,  New  York;  Street  in 
Cairo,  Halt  in  Desert,  Returning  from  the 
Expedition,  Win.  Astor,  New  York  ;  Cross- 
ing the  Ford,  Arabs  watering  Horses,  W.  H. 
Yanderbilt,  New  York  ;  Halt  in  the  Desert, 
H.  C.  Gibson,  Philadelphia  ;  The  Halt,  Boric 
Collection,  Philadelphia  ;  The  Halt  (1872), 
At  the  Well  (1875),  Encampment  in  Atlas 

(,     -  Mountains,   W. 

tt<4-Trotntnt"w-v    T-  ^alters, 
'  1   Baltimore.— 

^    Gonse,    Eug. 
Fromentin  (Paris,  1881)  ;  L'Art  (1877),  viii. 

11,  25;  Galaxy  (18(ill),  ii.  533  ;  Gax..  des  B. 
Arts  (1878),  xvii.  401  ;  xviii.  81;  (1879),  xix. 
240;   xx.    281;  (1880),  xxi.  50,  4<M;    xxii. 
139,  21(i,   31!),    404;    Meyer,   Gesch.,   708; 
Nation  (1881),  xxxii.  402.' 

FROMMEL,  KARL  LUDWIG,  born  at 
Birkenfeld,  Oldenburg,  April  2'.),  1781),  died 
at  Ispringeu,  near  Pforzheim,  Feb.  0,  1803. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Philipp  Jakob 
Becker  (17('>3-1829,  Baden  court-painter, 
and  director  of  Carlsruhe  Gallery).  Studied 
Claude  Lorrainand  Poussin  in  Paris  in  1810- 

12,  then  went  to  Rome  and  Naples,  and  in 
1817  became  professor  at  the  Carlsruhe  art- 
school.     He  founded  the  Art  and  Industry1 
Union  of  Baden  ;  visited  England  in  1824, 
and  was    made    director    of    the   Carlsruhe 
Gallery  in  182'J.     Works  :    Sorrento  ;    Out- 
break of  Vesuvius  ;  Blue  Grotto  of  Capri  ; 
Scylla  in  Calabria  ;  Cemetery  of  Salzburg  ; 
Castle  Hoheustaufen  ;   Castle  Tyrol  ;   View 
of  Rome ;  St.  Goarshausen  ;  Monastery  near 
Sorrento   (1840),    Castle    Heiligeuberg   on 
Lake  Constance  (4,  1853-54),  Fiirstenberg 
Gallery,  Doanueschingeu  ;  Etna,  and  Taor- 
mina  ;  View  of   Tivoli  ;  Bellaggio  on  Lake 
Como  ;    Tasso's  House  at  Sorrento  ;   Villa 


Serbelloni  on  Lake  Como  ;  WTaterfall  near 
Tryberg  (2),  View  of  Heidelberg,  Rocky 
Landscape  in  Murg  Valley,  Castle  Alt- 
Eberstein,  Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Landscape, 
Stettin  Museum. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  viii. 
144  ;  Brockhaus,  vii.  374  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K, 
viii.  11. 

FRONTIER,  JEAN  CHARLES,  born  in 
Paris  in  1701,  died  at  Lyons,  Sept.  2,  1753. 
French  school  ;  history  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Claude  Halle  ;  won  the  first  prize 
at  the  Academy  in  1728  ;  received  as  mem- 
ber in  1744  ;  went  to  Lyons,  where  he  be- 
came director  of  the  art-school.  Works : 
Vulcan  attaching  Prometheus  to  the  Rock 
(1744),  Louvre,  Paris ;  Moses  raising  the 
Brazen  Serpent  (1743),  Saiute  Croix,  Lyons  ; 
Nativity  (1745),  Museum,  ib. — Bellier  de  la 
Chavignerie,  i.  595  ;  Jal.,  (>23. 

FROSCHL,  KARL,  born  in  Vienna  in 
1818.  Genre  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of 
Vienna  Academy,  then  in  Munich  of  Wil- 
helm  Diez.  Spent  several  years  in  Italy. 
Works :  Italian  genre  scenes,  Portrait  of  his 
Wife.— Midler,  189  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  xv. 
92. 

FROST,  WILLIAM  EDWARD,  born  at 
Wandsworth,  Sept., 
1810,  died  in  London, 
June  4,  1877.  Sub- 
ject painter,  pupil  of 
Sass's  Art  Academy 
and  of  the  Royal 
Academy,  where  he 
won  the  gold  medal 
in  1839  for  his  Pro- 
metheus Bound  ;  be- 
gan as  a  portrait 
painter,  but  finally 
devoted  himself  to  painting  ideal  figures, 
especially  the  female  nude.  Elected  an 
A.R.A.  in  184G,  and  R.A.  in  1871.  Works : 
Bacchanalian  Dance  (1844) ;  Sabrina  (1845); 
Diana  and  Actrcon  (1846);  Una  (1847);  Eu- 
phrosyue  (1848);  Naiad,  Syrens  (1849); 
Chastity  (1854);  Sea-Nymph  (1855);  Narcis- 
sus (1857);  Zephyr  and  Aurora  (1858); 
Daughters  of  Hesperus  (I860);  Graces  and 


niuwiimi 

Loves,  Sea- Nymphs  (18(53);  Deatli  of  A<lo-  Institute,  Frankfort,  then  in  Munich  of  Ber- 

nifl  (1865) ;  Hylas  and  Nymphs  (18(>7);  Puck  delle  and  in  Paris  of  Couture  ;  also  studied 

(18(5!));    Haunt  of  Diana,  Cupid  Disarmed  in  Homo.     Copied  several  pictures  by  old 

(1870)  jMusidora  (1871);  Nymph  and  Cupid  masters  for  the  Schack  Gallery  in  Munich, 

(1872);    Bacchante    (1874). — Art    Journal  whore  ho  lives.     Gold  medal,  Munich,  18IW. 

(181!)),  184;  (1857),  5;  (1877),   280;  Sand-  — Miiller,  Is'.!. 

by,  ii.  21!»;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xvii.  3(52  ;  FUGER,  FRIEDRICH  HEINRICH,  born 

Kunst-Chronik.  xii.  (558.  iuHeilbronn,  Wiirtemberg,  Dec.8,  1751, died 

FRUWIHTH,  KAHL,  born  in  Vienna  in  in  Vienna,  Nov.  5,  181S.  Gorman  school; 
180!),  died  there,  Jan.  17,  1878.  Still-life  history  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  in  Stutt- 
aiitl  genre  painter,  studied  in  Vienna  ;  was  gart.  of  Guibal  and  in  Leipsie  of  Oeser.  In 
also  a  skilful  restorer  of  old  paintings.  ]  77  I  he  went  to  Vienna  and  iu  177(5  to  Homo, 
Works:  Venetian  Fishermen  in  approach-  where  he  studied  the  Carracci  and  Donieni- 
ing  Storm  (1846);  Little  Noll  in  the  Cnri-  chino,  as  well  as  H  iphael  Mengs  and  Hattoni. 
osity  Shop  (1847);  Still  Life  (1850),  Vienna  In  ITS'J  lie  was  patroni/.ed  liy  Count  Lam- 
Museum  ;  Wine,  Woman,  and  Soiig  (1850);  berg,  the  Austrian  ambassador  at  Naples,  and 
Dinner  on  Fishing  Bark  (1853);  Armoury  oxecutod  paintings  for  the  King.  The  next 
(1857). — Wur/.liach,  iv.  388.  year  he  was  appointed  vice-director  of  the 

FUECHSELL,  HERMANN,  born  at  Vienna  Academy,  and  in  17!I5  director, 
Brunswick,  Germany,  Aug.  8,  1833.  Land-  which  post  lie  held  until  ISO!!,  wlien  he  lie- 
cape  painter,  pupil  of  Lessing  in  Diisseltlorf  came  director  of  the  Belvedere  Gallery. 
in  1855.  Prize  for  life-drawing,  Brunswick  Works:  Death  of  Ciesar  ;  Farewell  of  Corio- 
Collego,  1852.  Studio  in  New  York  since  Linus,  C/.ornin  Gallery,  Vienna;  Death  of 
1858.  Works:  Scorn;  on  Staten  Island  Genuanicus  (178!)),  Vienna  Academy;  1'ro- 
(18<!!));  On  the  Saeo — North  Conway,  N.  If.  metheus,  Count  /in/endorf,  Vienna  ;  Ari- 
(187!));  On  the  Hills  near  Bolton— Lake  adno  at  Naxos,  Joseph  II.  as  Ally  of  Cathe- 
Georgc  (1880);  View  from  Crow's-Nest  —  rine  of  Russia,  Field-Marshal  Laudon  as 
North  River  (1881);  Break-Nock  Hills  on  Conqueror  of  Belgrade,  Mrs.  d(;  Witt  in 
the  Hudson  (1882);  Camping  Scene— Adi-  Greek  Costume,  Philip  at  Bed  of  Alexander, 
rondacks,  View  on  Lake  George  (1884).  Krasistratus  at  Bed  of  Antiochus  (17ss  !)ii); 

FUES,  CHRISTIAN  FHIEDHICH,  born  portraits  of  Joseph  II.  (1787).  of  Artist's 
in  Tiibingen  in  1772,  died  in  Nuremberg,  Father  (1788),  of  Elector  of  Mont/,  of 
Sept.,  183(i.  German  school  ;  history,  genre,  Marehese  Gallo,  Princess  of  France  (six 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  the  Stuttgart  times);  Socrates  before  the  Judges;  ()r- 
art-school,  under  Hetsch  and  Harper  ;  lived  phous  in  Hades;  Judgment  of  Brutus;  Dido 
for  some  time  in  Brunswick,  then  in  Niirem-  on  the  Funeral  Pyre  ;  Adam  and  Eve  mourn- 
berg,  where  he  became  professor  at  the  art-  ing  Abel's  Deatli  (17!)'.)),  John  the  Baptist 
school.  Works:  Minnesinger  (1821);  Fam-  (1811),  Magdalen  (181(i),  Allegory  on  Peace 
ily  of  Old  Knight  (1827);  Politicians  at  Cof-  of  Vienna,  Vienna  Museum;  Somiramis 
fee-House,  Girl  Resting,  Wiirtomborg  Cos-  hearing  of  Revolt  of  Babylon,  Death  of 
tunics  (18150);  Village  Fair  (1827);  Kirmess  Virginia  (1801);  St.  John  in  the  Desert 
(18:53);  Laughing  Peasant,  Suabian  Girl  (1804);  Christ  Crucified  (1813)  ;  Bath- 
braiding  her  Hair  (1834);  Summer  and  Win-  sheba,  National  Gallery,  Pesth  ;  Magdalen, 
ter  (1835);  nine  portraits  of  distinguished  Graces  and  Cupid,  Schleissheim  Gallery; 
Nurembergers,  City  Hall,  Nuremberg. —  Alcestis  consecrating  herself  to  the  Gods, 
Andresen,  iv.  280.  Minerva  and  Saturn  defending  Art  and 

FUESSLI,  WILHELM,  born   at   Zurich  Science,    Ment/   Museum  ;  Zeus  appearing 

in  1830.     Portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Stiidel  to   Phidias,   Achilles  by  the   Body  of   Pa- 

vt 


FUGITIVES 


troclus,  Hercules  and  Omphale ;  St.  Mag- 
dalen, New  Piiiakothck,  Munich ;  Venus 
Anadyomeiie  ;  Portrait  of  Count  Ludolft', 
Brunswick  Museum  ;  do.  of  Nelson  (1800), 
National  Portrait  Gallery,  London. — Allgein. 
d.  Biogr.,  viii.  177  ;  Andrescu,  ii.  89  ;  Brock- 
haus,  vii.  398  ;  Wurzbach,  v.  1. 

FUGITIVES,  Lt'on  Glaize ;  private  gal- 
lery. People  are  escaping  from  Athens 
during  a  siege  by  being  let  down  from  the 
walls  at  night  by  means  of  ropes.  Several 
groups  are  represented  suspended  in  mid- 
air, with  a  shadowy  abyss  below,  and  the 
city  walls,  lighted  by  the  mooii-beams,  be- 
hind them.  Salon,  1877. 

FUHKICH,  JOSEF,  Hitter  VON,  born 
at  Kratzau,  Bohemia, 
Feb.  9,  1800,  died  in 
Vienna,  March  13, 1870. 
German  school;  history 
painter,  pupil  of  Prague 
Academy  under  Berg- 
ler,  went  in  1820  to 
Koine,  where  he  joined 
N,  the  German  Pre-R:iph- 
aelites,  and  assisted 
Overbeck  in  painting 
the  frescos  in  the  Villa  Massimi.  Called  to 
Vienna  in  1831  as  custodian  of  the  Academy 
Gallery,  he  was  appointed  professor  at  the 
Academy  in  1841.  In  1854-01  he  was  oc- 
cupied in  painting  frescos  in  the  Altlerchen- 
feld  Church,  a  monumental  work,  for  which 
he  was  knighted  and  decorated  with  the  or- 
der of  the  Iron  Crown.  Gold  medal  in  1841, 
member  of  Munich  and  Berlin  Academies; 
Commander  of  Order  of  Francis  Joseph  in 
1872.  Works  :  Death  of  Otto  von  Wittels- 
bach  (1817);  St.  Ivan  found  by  Duke  Bori- 
voj  (1817);  Christ  on  his  Way  to  Mount  of 
Olives  ;  Joshua  before  Jericho  ;  The  Jews 
Mourning  ;  St.  Adelheid  and  Francis  of  As- 
sisi ;  Incarnation ;  Boaz  and  Ruth  ;  St.  Gu- 
dule ;  St.  Filomena ;  Mary  and  Joseph  on 
Journey  to  Bethlehem  ;  Christ  in  Glory ; 
Christ  asleep  in  the  Ship  during  Storm  ; 
Moses  receiving  Commandments  from  God, 
Apparition  of  Fighting  Horsemen  frighten- 


ing Inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  (1844),  Mary's 
Walk  over  the  Mountains  (1841),  Vienna 
Museum ;  Triumph  of  Christ,  Raczynski 
Gallery,  Berlin  ;  St.  Ann  (1844);  Disciples 
on  Way  to  Emmaus ;  Joseph's  Dream ; 
PietTi  ;  Shepherds  on  Way  to  Manger ; 
Peter's  Draught  of  Fish  (1850);  Judgment 
of  Solomon  ;  First  Baptism  in  Samaria ; 
The  Body  of  St.  John  of  Nepomuk  found  in 
the  Moldau,  Triumph  of  Christianity  in  Ger- 
many, Schack  Gallery,  Munich  ;  Beheading 
of  St.  James,  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Christ  on 
Mount  of  Olives  ;  Jacob  and  Rachel ;  Ma- 
donna ;  Rudolf  von  Hapsburg  and  the  Priest 
|  (1870).  Frescos  :  Three  Scenes  from  Tasso's 
Jerusalem  (1827-29),  Villa  Massimi,  Rome; 
Fourteen  Stations  on  Christ's  Walk  to  Gol- 
gotha, St.  Nepomuk,  Vienna ;  Raising  of  Laz- 
arus, Last  Judgment,  Fall  of  the  Condemned, 
Altlerchenfeld  Church,  Vienna. — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  viii.  185  ;  Brockhaus,  vii.  401  ;  Illustr. 
Zeitg.  (1874),  ii.  451 ;  (1875),  i.  487 ;  Schack, 
Meine  Gemaldesamrnlung  (1885),  79  ;  Wurz- 
bach,  v.  5  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K,  iii.  189,  209  ; 
vi.  198  ;  xvii.  33 ;  Zimmermaun,  Studien 
uiul  Kritiken,  ii.  340. 

FULLER,  GEORGE,  born  at  Dcerfield, 

Mass.,  in  1822, 
died  in  Boston, 
March  2 1,1884. 
Figure  and  por- 
trait   painter, 
studied  in  Bos- 
ton, New  York, 
London, and  on 
the   Continent 
of  Europe. 
Painted   por- 
traits   at    first, 
Elected  an  A.N.A.  in  1857 ; 
member   of    Society   of   American   Artists. 
Memorial   exhibition  of   his  works  at  Mu- 
seum of  Fine  Arts,  Boston,  1884.     Works  : 
Cupid  (1854),  Miss  I.  M.  Ames,  New  York  ; 
Negro  Nurse  with  Child  (1801),  Waldo  Hig- 
ginson,    Boston ;    At  the   Bars,    Farmyard 
(1805),  Mrs.  M.  Y.  Wynne,  Boston  ;  Shear- 
ing the  Donkey  (1877-79),    C.   R.   Grant, 


for  many  years. 


FUNGAI 

Boston  ;  Romany  Girl  (1877-79),  J.  T.  Wil- ;  Ruin  on  Lake,  Stiidel  Gallery,  Frankfort  ; 
liams,  New  York  ;  original  study  for  do.,  T.  Landscape  in  Storm  (18(i!)),  Cologne  Ma- 
li Clark,  New  York  ;  Hannah  (18,sO),  F.  H.  scum  ;  View  in  the  Eifel,  .Stuttgart  Gallery  ; 
Lovell,  Brooklyn  ;  The  Quadroon  (1880),  S.  Summer  Day  on  the  Rhine  ;  Autumn  Land- 

D.  Warren,  Boston  ;  Maidenhood  (1881),  W.  scape  after  Storm  ;  L'rach  Waterfall ;  Wood 
F.  Matchett,  Boston;  Winifred  Dysart  (1881),  Landscape    in    Briihl    Valley;    Outlook   on 
J.  M.  Scars,  Boston  ;  Psyche  (1882),   W.  A.  Chiem  Lake  ;  Chestnut  Wood  near  Mcran  ; 
Tower,  Boston  ;  Nydia,  Berry  Pickers,  Driv-  Chillon   Castle    in   Approaching   Storm.  — 
ing  Home  the  Calf  (1882);  Turkey  Pasture  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  viii.  202  ;  Kunst-Chronik, 
(1882),  W.  H.  Abercrombie,  Brookline  ;  Pris-  xiii.    11)4  ;  xiv.    2'.)4  ;  W.    Miiller,   Diisseldf. 
cilia  (1882),  F.   L.  Amos,  Boston  ;  Puritan  K.,  :?.">:!  ;  Wiegmann,  'M± 

J3oy  (1883),  C.  G.  Weld,  Boston;  Pasture       FURINI,  FRANCESCO,  l.oni  in  Florence 

with  Geese,  Fagot  Gatherers,  Twilight  on  about  1GOO,  died  there  in  Ki4i).     Florentine 

Prairie,  Arethusa,  Girl  and  Calf  (188;!);  No-  school  ;  pupil  of  his  father,  Filippo  Furini, 

vember   (1882-84);  Fedalma  (18813-84),   C.  and    successively    of    Passignano,    P.ilevelt. 

E.  Lauriat,  Boston. — Harper's  Mag.,  Sept..  and   Matteo    Itosselli.     Afterwards  studied 
1884.  works    of    Guido    in  Rome.      On   return   to 

FUNGAI,    BERNARDINO,    born    about  Florence   won   considerable    reputation   for 

14(50,  died  in  151(5.     Sienese  school;   pupil  painting  the  nude,  generally  choosing  snb- 

of  Benvenuto  di  Giovanni  or  of  Matteo  da  jects  in  which  he  could  introduce  the  forms 

Siena;  was  associated  with  Giacomo  Pac-  of  women  and  children.     His  flesh  tints  are 

chiarotti   and    influenced   by   Pinturicchio.  very  mellow  and  tender.     Among  his  works 

He  was  one   of  the   last  representatives  of  are,  Magdalen  in  the  Desert,  Siena  Academy, 

the  old   school.      In  his  Coronation  of  the  do.  (2),  Vienna  Museum ;  Daughters  of  Lot, 

Virgin  (1500V)  in  S.   M.   do'  Servi,  the  fig-  Madrid  Museum  ;  Ye- 

uros  are   rigid,  awkward  in  movement,  and  mis  and  Adonis,  Buda-        l) 

sfifHy    draped.     His    Madonna   and   Saints  Pesth   Gallery;  Crea-      'T'f 

(1512)  in  the  Carmine,  Siena,  is  better  pro-  tion   of   Kvc,    Pala/xo    n 

portioned,   though  less  characteristic  than  Pitti,  Florence;  Birth 

the  Coronation  in  Church  of  the  Madonna  of  Cyrus,  New  York  Museum. — Ch.  Ulanc, 

di  Fontegiusta,  Siena,  and  the  Assumption  Kcole    florentine  ;    Bnrckhardt,    1  III,    '.'<*'•'•. 

in  the  Siena  Academy.     His  best  and  per-  392,  305. 

haps  his  latest  work  is  a  Christ  between  SS.        FURSTENBERG,  SIEGFRIED,  born  in 

Francis  and  Jerome  in  the  same  gallery,  a  Berlin  in  1810.     Genre  and  portrait  painter, 

weak,   rosy-coloured  picture,  carefully  and  pupil  of  Wach  in   1820-32,  and  then  of  the 

flatly  treated.— C.  k  C.,  Italy,  iii.  372;  Va-  Diisscldorf  Academy.     In  is  1C,  he  was  ap- 

sari,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  xi.  173  ;  Burckhardt,  (185  ;  pointed  teacher  of  drawing  in  the  Koalschule 

Rio,  i.  144.  at  Treves.     His  genre  pieces  and  portraits 

FUNK,  HEFXRICH,  born  at  Herford,  are  remarkable  for  truth  to  nature  and  finish. 
Westphalia,  Dec.  12,  1807,  died  in  Stutt-  Works:  Fortune-Teller;  Return  from  the 
part,  Nov.  22,  1877.  Landscape  painter,  Kinness  ;  Father's  Friend  ;  The  Widow. 
pupil  of  his  father  and,  from  1829,  of  Diis-  FURTMEYU,  PKRCHTOLD,  flourished 
Beldorf  Academy;  moved  in  183(5  to  Frank-  in  Ratisbon,  1470-1501,  died  about  1502. 
fort,  and  was  from  1854-7(5  professor  at  the  German  school  ;  miniature  painter,  famous 
Stuttgart  art-school.  Gold  ineditl  in  Rouen,  for  his  illuminations  of  a  chronicle,  a  bible 
Orderof  Frederic  in  1870,  order  of  the  Crown  (1470-72),  and  a  missal  (1481,  for  Arch- 
in  1873.  Works:  Ruin  of  Castle  (1834),  bishop  Bornlmrd  of  Sal/burg),  Court  Library, 
National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Lower  Inn  Valley,  Munich. — Forster,  Denkmale,  iii.  1  ;  do., 


FUSELI 


Gesch.,   ii.   254  ;  Schnaase,   viii.  4G8  ;  Sig- 
hardt,  Gesch.,  G40. 

FUSELI  (Fuessli),  HENRY    (Heinrich), 

born  in  Zu- 
rich, Feb.  7, 
1741,  died  in 
London,  April 
1G,  1825.  His- 
tory painter 
and  writer  on 
art,  son  of  Jo- 
hann  Caspar 
Fuessli  (1707- 
81),  portrait 
and  landscape 
painter  of  Zurich  ;  took  holy  orders  after 
graduating  from  Zurich  Vnivci'sity  (17(51), 
left  on  account  of  some  theological  dispute 
in  17C>:5,  and  after  \yandoring  through  Ger- 
many, where  he  supported  himself  by  mak- 
ing translations,  went  to  England  in  17(55, 
and  in  17G7  adopted  painting  as  his  profes- 
sion, by  tho  advice  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds. 
Three  years  later  he  went  to  Italy,  and  re- 
sided there  from  1770  to  1770,  studying 
Michelangelo  especially,  and  forming  a  fan- 
tastic stylo  which  also  betrays  the  influence 
of  Goltzius  and  Spranger.  After  his  return 
to  London  he  attracted  attention  by  a  pic- 
ture called  Tho  Nightmare  (1782).  From 
the  year  1774  to  1825  he  exhibited  sixty- 
nine  pictures  and  drawings  at  tho  Royal 
Academy.  In  1788  he  was  elected  an  A.R.A. 
and  in  1700  R.A. ;  was  made  professor  in 
1700,  and  keeper  in  1805.  A  fantastic  and 
prolific  designer  rather  than  a  painter,  he 
had  neither  tho  judgment  to  control,  nor 
the  technical  knowledge  to  adequately  rep- 
resent, the  fancies  of  his  powerful  but  ill- 
regulated  imagination.  His  literary  abilities 
were  of  no  mean  order,  and  the  lectures 
which  he  delivered  at  the  Royal  Academy 
give  evidence  of  thought,  study,  and  critical 
acumen,  and  are  remarkable  as  specimens 
of  English  writing  by  a  foreigner.  Works: 
Ugolino  and  his  Sons  ;  Celadon  and  Amelia; 
Romeo  and  Juliet ;  Lady  Macbeth  ;  Fran- 
cesca  and  Paolo;  An  Incantation  ;  Hercules 


1  and  Theseus. — Redgrave  ;  Sanclby,  i.  205  ; 
Ch.  Blanc,  JCcole  anglaise;  Allgem.  d.  Biogr., 
viii.  2GO  ;  Art  Journal  (18G1),  325;  Port- 
folio (1873),  50  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  vii. 
204;  Wornum,  Epochs,  52C  ;  J.  Knowles, 
Life  and  Lectures  of  Fuseli. 

FUTERER,  ULRICH,  nourished  at  Land- 
shut  about  1480.  German  school  ;  history 
painter  and  poet.  He  painted,  conjointly 
with  Gabriel  Maechselkirchner,  from  14G7 
for  Kloster  Tegernsee,  and  Duke  Albrecht 
IV.  of  Bavaria.  Work  :  Crucifixion,  Schleiss- 

,  heiin  Gallery. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  viii.  271  ; 
Schnaase,  viii.  4(i4. 

FUX,  JOSEF,  born  at  Steinhof,  Nether 
Austria,  in  1842.  Genre  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Ruben  ;  talented  colourist.  Works: 
Scene  in  a  Deer  Park  ;  On  a  Perilous  Road; 
The  Roman  Dove-Seller;  Children's  por- 
traits ;  Lute-Player  ;  Cardinal  Praying  ;  Sa- 
voyard with  Monkeys.— Miiller,  "l8»  ;  N. 

'illustr.  Zeitg.  (188:!),' i.  KJ7. 

FYOLL,  KONRAD,  flourished  in  Frank- 
fort in  14GO-!)8.  German  school ;  son 
and  probably  pupil  of  Scbald  Fyoll,  whose 
name  appears  in  Frankfort  documents  in 
143!)-fi2  as  having  executed  wall-paint- 
ings. The  pictures  in  the  Stiidel  Gallery 
under  the  name  of  Konrad  are  not  authen- 
ticated.— Schuaase,  viii.  377  ;  W.  \-  W.,  ii. 
08. 

FYT,  JAN,  born  at  Antwerp,  baptized 
March  15,  1(511,  died  there,  Sept.  11,  1GG1. 
Flemish  school;  animal  and  still-life  painter, 
pupil  of  Jan  van  den  Berch  and  of  Frans 
Snyders,  next  to  whom  he  was  the  greatest 
animal  painter  of  the  Flemish  school ;  mas- 
ter of  the  guild  in  1G20,  visited  France 
(1(533-34  in  Paris)  and  Italy,  and  often 

•  worked  conjointly  with  Jordaens  and  Van 
Dyck.  Works :  Dead  Birds,  National  Gal- 
lery, London  ;  Dogs  with  Dead  Game, 

I  Hawk  striking  a  Duck,  Grosveuor  Gallery, 
ib. ;  Poultry  Yard,  Cock  Fight,  Fancy  Birds 
(1GG1),  nine  others,  Madrid  Museum;  Dead 
Game  (3),  Dog  devouring  Game  (1G51), 
Louvre,  Paris ;  Hare  pursued  by  Dogs, 
Boar  Hunts  (2),  Nantes  Museum ;  Cart 


100 


GABBIANI 

with  Game  drawn  by  Dogs,  Flowers  and  poror  and  some  historical  subjects  for  the 

Fruits  in  a  Landscape,  Brussels  Museum  ;  Imperial  Gallery.     On  his  return  to  Flor- 

Eagle's  Repast,  Two  Greyhounds,  Antwerp  once  he  executed 

Museum;    Dead    Game    watched    by    Dog,  several     altar- 

Stiidel   Gallery,  Frankfort  ;  do.   (4),  Cassel  pieces,  notably  a  /       f 

Gallery  ;   do.    (1),   Augsburg   Gallery  ;    do.  St.  Philip,  in  the  f  r'£?  <\ 

(4),  Schleissheim  Gallery  ;   Deer  pursued  by  Church     of     the 

Dogs,  Bear  Hunt,  Dead"  Game  (1050),  Boar  Padri    dell1    Ora  V\         •"" 

Hunt,  Dogs  Fighting,  Old  Pinakothok,  Mu-  torio.       He    was 

nich;  Dead  Game  watched  by  Dogs  (KM'.l),  killed    by    a    fall          ,       ; 

Dead  Birds,  Diana  by  her  Booty  (figures  by  from    a    scatlbld. 

Quellinus,  the  younger),  Deer  Hunt,  Berlin  Works:   Rape   of 

Museum;  White  Dog  with  Boy  and  Dwarf  Ganymede,    Ma- 

(1052,  figures  by  Bosschaert  I,  Still  Life  (5),  donna,  portrait  of 

Dresden  Museum;  Diana  and  Nymphs  after  himself  (lOS(i),  I'tli/.i,  Florence;  Christ  at 
the  Chase  (1050),  Still  Life  and  Dog  (1C,52|,  the  House  of  Simon,  Dresden  Gallery  ;  St. 
Dead  Game  (2),  Room  in  Hunting  Lodge,  Francis  of  Assisi  receiving  the  Stigmata, 
Museum,  Vienna  ;  Deer  Hunt,  (1055),  Birds  St.  Peter  of  Alcantara,  formerly  in  Old  Pina- 
and  Hare  (1058),  Cock  Fight,  Fox  Hunt,  kothek,  Munich.  Lan/.i  (  Koscoe).  i.  2  I'.t. 
Dogs  attacking  Bear,  four  others,  Lieehten-  (iAI'JNIt'S,  ANTIOCHl'S,  Koman  paint- 
stein  Gallerv,  ib.;  others  in  Geneva,  Lyons,  or,  middle  of  1st,  century  i;.r.  Pupil  of  So- 
Lille  (2),  Valenciennes  (2),  Dunkirk  (2),  polls. — Cic.  ad  Attic.,  iv.  10:  It.-Rochette, 
Darmstadt  (2).  Brunswick  (1),  and  Stockholm  Schoru,  :!15. 

(5)  Museums,  Hermitage,  St..  Petersburg  (2),        GAI5L,   ALOIS,   born  at   Wies,   Tyrol,  in 

Utlix.i,  Florence,  Museum  and  1845.       Genre    painter,    pupil    of    Munich 

-^ 

/         f    ^      Historical  Society,  New  York,    Academy  under  Scliraudolph  and  Ham  berg. 
l"  1  j  and    Pennsylvania  Academy,    then  under  Piloty  ;  followed    Defregger  in 
i  -*  the  choice  of  his  subjects.      Was  professor 

at  Munich  Academy  from  1878  to  1SS-J. 
Gold  modal  in  1881.  Works:  Haspinger 
preaching  Itevolt  ( Is72 ):  Recruiting  in  Ty- 
rol (187:!),  New  York  Museum  ;  Blessing  the 
Philadelphia. -Biog.  nat.  do  Belgiquo.  vii.  I'-nda!  Chamber  ( 1*75)  ;  Forbidden  Dance- 
:W4;  Ch.  Blanc,  Keole  ilamande  ;  Gax.  des  M"si(l'  His  Reverence  as  Cmpirc  (1H77)  ; 
B.  Arts  (180:5),  xv.  5:50;  Michiels.  ix.  lill;  Trial  of  Sewing-Machine  (1H78) ;  Spinning- 
Rooses(Rebcr),  42:5;  Van  don  Brandon,  1085.  Tx-sson  (1«7!M:  Brewery  Inn  at  Munich, 

Three  Magi  and  their  Star  (1*8:!)  ;   v accma- 
tionRoom  (1885). — Miiller,  bS'.l  ;  Brockhaus. 

GABBIANI,    ANTONIO    DOMENICO,    vii.    412;    /eitschr.    f.   b.   K.,  x.  (Mitthoil- 
born  at  Florence  in  1(!52,  died  there   ungen,  iii.  7(1),  xix.  1:51,  208. 
in  1720.     Florentine  school;  history        GABRIFLLO,  ONOFKIO.  born  at   Mes- 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Justus  Suster-   sina    in    1017,  died    in    1700.      Neapolitan 
mans  and  Vincenzo  Dandini,  then,  through   school;  portrait  painter,   pupil  of  Antonio 
the  patronage  of  Grand  Duke  Cosmo  III.,    Riicci  ;  afterward,    in    Rome,  of   Pietro  da 
for  three  years  in  Rome,  of  Ciro  Ferri.    Vis-   Cortona,  and  for  nine  years   in   Venice  of 
ited  Venice,  where  he  improved  his  colour    Maroli  ;  returned  to  Messina,  where  he  re- 
in" ;  was  invited  to  the  court  of  Vienna,    mained  till  the  revolution  in  1674  compelled 
and  painted  there  the  portrait  of  the    Em-   him  to  leave  Sicily,  when  he  went  to  Padua. 

101 


GAERON 


His  best  works  are  in  the  Church  of  San 
Francesco  di  Paola,  Messina,  and  in  the  Pa- 
lazzo Borromeo,  Padua. 

GABRON,  GUILIAM  (Willem),  horn  at 
Antwerp,  Oct.  28,  l(ili),  died  there,  Aug. 
2,  1(178.  Flemish  school  ;  still-life  painter, 
instructed  probably  by  liis  father  ;  master 
of  the  guild  in  lf>41  ;  visited  Italy,  spending 
several  years  in  Rome,  whence  he  returned 
before  lf>f>0.  Works  :  Table  with  Turkish 
Cover,  Parrot,  etc.  (1052),  Brunswick  Mu- 
seum ;  Table  spread  (?,  attributed  by  Bode 
to  Heda),  Old  Piuakothek,  Munich;  Similar 


^    £>aJ> 


subjects  in  Darmstadt  Museum  (2)  and 
Aschaft'enburg  Gallery.  —  Bode,  Studieu,  (ilfi; 
Itooses  (Keber),  427  ;  Van  den  Branden, 

in*;. 

GADPI,  AGNOLO,  died  in  Florence, 
Oct.,  HV.Hi.  Florentine  school  ;  son  and 
pupil  of  Taddeo  Gaddi,  and  like  him  a  fol- 
lower of  Giotto.  His  early  labours  were  in 
the  church  of  S.  Jacopo  tra'  Fossi,  Florence, 
where  the  liaising  of  Lazarus  was  treated, 
according  to  Vasari,  in  an  exceedingly  real- 
istic manner  ;  but  he  must,  have  changed  his 
style,  as  there  are  no  traces  of  such  realism 
in  his  later  frescos.  Those  in  the  parish 
church  of  Prato  (13fi5),  a  double  series,  at 
the  ends  of  a  central  aisle,  representing  the 
legends  of  the  Virgin  and  tho  sacred  girdle, 
are  the  best  and  probably  the  earliest  of  his 
works.  In  them  he  was  evidently  guided 
by  Giotto's  maxims  in  regard  to  the  compo- 
sition, and  thej"  are  more  perfect  in  balance 
and  therefore  more  pleasing  than  any  of 
Taddeo's.  The  figures  also  have  more  re- 
pose and  dignity,  and  more  nature  and  in- 
dividuality. The  drawing  is  free  and  bold, 
though  not  always  correct,  and  the  colouring 
bright,  clear,  light,  and  transparent  in  its 
tones.  But,  though  superior  to  Taddeo, 
Agnolo  was  inferior  to  Orcagna,  and  art  in 
his  hands  had  somewhat  degenerated  and 
become  decorative.  Other  examples  of  Ag- 


nolo's  work  are  eight  frescos  of  the  legend 
of  the  Cross,  in  the  choir  of  S.  Croce,  Flor- 
ence ;  and  a  Madonna,  Angels,  and  Saints, 
Florence  Academy  ;  Annunciation,  Uffizi, 
Florence ;  do.,  Louvre. — C.  &  C.,  Italy,  i. 
4G3  ;  Liibke,  Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  i.  148  ;'  Va- 
sari, ed.  Le  Mon.,ii.  150  ;  Seguier,  79;  Bal- 
diuucci,  i.  225  ;  W.  &  W.,  i.  455. 

GADDI,  GADDO,  born  in  1239,  died  in 
1312.  Florentine  school.  An  intimate  friend 
of  Cimabuc,  whom  he  survived  twelve  years. 
He  laid  the  foundation  of  a  fortune  which 
raised  his  family  to  the  highest  social  dis- 
tinction. According  to  Vasari,  he  executed 
mosaics  in  the  Baptistery,  and  in  S.  Maria 
del  Fiore,  Florence.  In  1308  he  was  in- 
vited by  Clement  V.  to  Rome,  and  certain 
mosaics  in  S.  Maria  Maggiore  are  assigned 
to  him.  They  are  more  modern  in  style 
than  Rusutti's  mosaic  in  the  same  church, 
and  mark  the  transition  between  Cimabue 
and  Giotto.  Vasari  says  that  he  painted 
many  easel  pictures,  and  he  probably  took 
part  in  the  decoration  of  the  upper  church 
of  Assisi.— C.  &  C.,  Italy,  i.  229  ;  Vasari, 
ed.  Mil.,  i.  345  ;  Baldinucci,  i.  89. 

GADDI,    TADDEO,    born    about    1300, 
^  died  after  1300.   Flor- 

)  entine  school ;  son  and 
\  pupil  of  Gaddo  Gadd i, 
and  godson  and  dis- 
j)  ciple  of  Giotto,  with 
whom  he  worked 
twenty-four  years. 
After  the  death  of  his 
master  he  was  consid- 
ered the  first  in  his 
art,  which,  however, 
but  dimly  reflected  that  of  Giotto.  His 
artistic  career  began  when  Giotto  went  to 
Naples,  at  which  time  (1352-50)  he  painted 
the  frescos  of  the  legend  of  the  Virgin 
1  assigned  to  him  in  the  Baroncelli  chapel  in 
|  S.  Croce,  Florence.  These  show  that  he  had 
little  fancy,  and  that  his  execution  was  rapid, 
decorative,  and  conventional.  Remains  of 
other  frescos  by  him  are  in  S.  Francesco, 
Pisa.  A  Madonna  with  Donors  and  Saints, 


103 


GAEL 


Berlin  Museum,  is  signed  and  dated 
and  a  Virgin  Enthroned  with  six  Angels, 
Siena  Gallery,  is  dated  1U55.  Two  small 
panels,  Berlin  Museum,  part  of  a,  series  of 
which  twelve  more  are  in  the  Florence 
Academy,  though  ascribed  to  Giotto  and  de- 
signed by  him,  are  evidently  painted  by 
Taddeo.  The  Baptism  of  Christ,  and  Six- 
teen Saints,  National  Gallery,  London,  lie- 
long  to  this  painter's  school,  and  the  predella 
of  an  altarpiece,  three  subjects,  Louvre,  is 
attributable  to  him.  Taddeo  was  also  an 
architect,  and  designed  the  Poute  Vecchio 
and  the  Pon- 
te  a  S.  Trin- 
ita.-C.XC., 
Italy,  i.  354  ; 
Liibke,  Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  i.  140  ;  Vasari,  ed. 
Mil.,  i.  571  ;  Baldinueei,  i.  217;  W.  \,  W.,  i. 
451 

GAEL,  BAIIEND,  born  in  Haarlem  about 
1(!45.  Dutch  school  ;  painted  hunts,  land- 
scapes, kirmesses,  and  horse  markets  ;  pupil 
of  I'hilip  \You\verman.  His  pictures  arc 
finely  coloured  and  correct  in  drawing. 
Works :  Peasant  Woman  baking  Cakes, 
Horseman  Dismounting,  Rotterdam  Muse- 
um ;  Horsemen  playing  at  Cards,  Brunswick 
Museum  ;  Swine  Market,  Augsburg  Gallery  ; 
two  in  Liechtenstein  Gallery, 
Vienna;  Fish  .Seller  in  a  Land- 
scape, Halt  of  Travellers  before 
Inn,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg ;  Poultry  Market,  Hog 
Market,  New  York  Museum. 
— Immerzeel,  i.  257  ;  Itiegel,  Beitriige,  ii. 
337. 

GAELEN,  ALEXANDER  VAN,  born  at 
Amsterdam  in  1C'70,  died  in  172H.  Dutch 
school ;  painter  of  battles  and  hunts,  pupil 
of  J.  van  Huchtenburgh,  whom  he  assisted, 
and  with  whose  pictures  his  own  are  often 


confounded.     Lived  long  in  Diisseldorf  at 
the  court  of  the  Elector  of  Cologne,  for  whom 


he  painted  battles,  hunts,  and  animals.  Went 
afterwards  to  London.  Works  :  (jucen  Anne 
driving  to  Parliament  ;  Royalist  Battles  ; 
Battle  of  the  Boyne. — Immerzeel,  i.  25!). 

GAESBEECK,  ADRIAAN  VAN,  born  at 
Ley  den,  died  there  in  January  or  February, 
1IJ50.  Dutch  school  ;  genre  and  portrait 
painter  in  the  manner  of  Gerard  Don  ;  mas- 
ter of  the  guild  at  Leyden  in  HU'.).  His 
works  are  very  rare.  Works:  Portrait  of 
Young  Man,  Amsterdam  Museum  ;  The 
Seamstress,  Berlin  Museum. 

GAGLIARDINI,  .JL'LIKN  (il'STAYK, 
born  at  Miihlhausrn,  Alsace.  Genre  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Leon  Cogniet  and 
ofSoulary.  Medal,  :i<l  class,  1SS4.  Works: 
•  Arehiepiscopal  Palace  at  Sal/.burg  (1S77); 
Sea-shore  at  (Irandelmnip  (1S"S);  Shrimp- 
Fishers  at  Grandchamp  (Is"'.));  After  Dam- 
age at  Sea  (lSS:i);  Women  j licking  Stranded 
Goods  (1SS3);  Pere  Bustel's  Farm,  La  Tons- 
saint  (ISM);  Fish  Market,  Farm  Yard 
(1885). 

GAGNKRKAl'X,  BKNIGNK,  bom  at 
Bourg-Pivy-Dijon  (C«'>te  d'Or),  Sept.  21, 
1750,  died  at  Florence,  Aug.  IS,  17115.  His- 
tory and  battle  painter,  pupil  of  Devosges, 
then  studied  in  Home  ;  was  awarded  the 
first  prize  for  his  Soranus  and  Servilia,  four 
years  after  his  death.  Court-painter  to  King 
of  Sweden  in  17(S'.I.  Works  :  Sorauus  and 
Servilia,  Dijon  Museum  ;  Cavalry  Attack, 
Landscape,  Montpellier  Museum  ;  Genius  of 
Peace  checking  the  Horses  of  Mars,  Musce 
Rath,  Geneva  ;  Interview  of  Gustaviis  111. 
of  Sweden  with  Pope  Pius  VI.,  Royal  Palace, 
i  Stockholm. 

GAIL,  WILHELM,  born  in  Munich, 
March  7,  1K04.  Landscape  and  architec- 
ture painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy 
under  Peter  Hess,  visited  Italy  in  1S25, 
France  in  IM.'iO,  and  Spain  in  1S:!2.  Works  : 
Corridor  in  Palazzo  Dueale,  Venice  (IMl); 
Lion's  Court  in  Alhambra,  Balcony  of  Lin- 
daraja,  Sanctuary  of  Mosque  in  Cordova, 
Ruin  of  Convent  in  Toledo  ;  Convent  Cross- 
way,  Interior  of  Convent  Courtyard,  Carls- 
ruhe  Gallery  ;  Church  Interior  at  Cordova, 


103 


GAILLOT 


Interior  of  Hall  in  Palazzo  Ducalo,  S.  Laz- 
y.aro  in  Venice,  New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ; 
Convent  S.  Martino  in  Piedmont  (1857), 
National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Devotees  before 
Shrine  on  Spanish  Coast  (1837),  Kunsthalle, 
Hamburg. — Brockhaus,  vii.  453  ;  Faber,  iv. 
L'4G  ;  Miiller,  100. 

GAILLOT,  BERNARD,  born  at  Versailles, 
Feb.  17,  1780,  died  in  Paris,  June  17,  1847. 
History  painter,  pupil  of  David.  Medal,  2d 
class,  1S17.  AYorks :  Cornelia,  Mother  of 
the  Gracchi  (1817);  Conversion  of  St.  Au- 
gustine (1810),  Vision  of  St.  Monica  (1822), 
Prefecture  de  la  Seine,  Paris ;  St.  Louis 
with  the  Crown  of  Thorns  (1824),  Sens  Ca- 
thedral ;  others  in  Versailles  Museum. 
GAINSBOROUGH,  THOMAS,  born  at 
Slid  bury,  Suffolk, 
baptised  May  14. 
1727,  died  in  Lon- 
don, Aug.  2,  1788, 
British  school  ; 
went  to  London  in 
1741,  and  became 
a  pupil  of  Gravelot, 
the  French  engrav- 
er ;  then  of  Francis 
Hay  m  an,  with 
whom  he  studied  drawing.  After  an  un- 
successful struggle  as  a  portrait  and  laud- 
scape  painter  in  London,  he  returned  home 
in  1744  or  1745,  and  in  17(iO  settled  in 
Bath,  where  he  devoted  himself  chiefly  to 
portraiture  ;  in  1774  he  went  again  to  Lon- 
don, and  won  such  a  reputation  that  he  was 
considered  the  rival  of  Keynolds  in  portrait, 
and  of  "Wilson  in  landscape,  painting.  In 
17GG  he  became  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Artists,  and  he  was  one  of  the  foundation 
members  (1708)  of  the  Royal  Academy.  Sir 
Joshua  Keynolds  observes  of  him  :  "  Whether 
he  most  excelled  in  portraits,  landscapes,  or 
fancy  pictures,  it  is  difficult  to  determine," 
and  Buskin  calls  him  "the  purest  colourist 
of  the  English  school."  His  pictures  com- 
mand high  prices.  Works :  Market  Cart, 
Watering  Place  (2),  Huxidora,  liuxtit-  Children, 
The  Brook,  and  portraits  of  Mrs.  Siddoiw, 


Balph  Schomberg,  Edward  Orpin  the  Parish 
Clerk,  Sir  Henry  Bate  Dudley,  Bart,,  Na- 
tional Gallery,  London  ;  Lord  Amherst,  G. 
Coleman,  Marquis  Cornwallis,  National  Por- 
trait Gallery;  Jiluc  Boy  (1779),  G'ottaye 
Door,  Peasant's  Family,  Fisherman's  Fam- 
ily, Grosvenor  House  ;  Mrs.  Sheridan  and 
Mrs.  Tickell,  Mr.  Linley  and  his  Grandsons 
Samuel  and  Thomas,  J.  P.  Loutherbourg, 
R.A.,  Mrs.  Moody  and  her  Children,  Dul- 
wich  Gallery  ;  Hon.  Mrs.  Graham,  National 
Gallery,  Edinburgh  ;  Miss  Haverneld,  Por- 
trait of  a  Lad}',  Hertford  House  ;  portrait 
of  himself,  Royal  Academy  ;  Daughters  of 
George  III.,  sketch  for  Blue  Boy,  South 
Kensington  Museum  ;  portrait  of  his  wife, 
V\'.  Sharpc  ;  portrait  of  himself,  of  Lady 
Mary  Bowlby,  and  Gainsborough  Dupont, 
George  Richmond,  R.  A.  ;  Cows  in  Meadow, 
Bridge  water  House;  Young  Girl,  Stafford 
House  ;  Family  of  Country  People,  Wynn 
Ellis  Collection  ;  Landscape,  Baring  Collec- 
tion ;  Johann  Christian  Fischer  the  com- 
poser, Col.  St.  Leger,  and  others,  Hamp- 
ton Court ;  Miss  McGill,  Cobham  Hall  ; 
two  portraits,  Arundel  Castle  ;  Landscape, 
Petworth;  Duke  of  Argyll  (1770);  Jlar- 
M*l  "Wagon,  Lord  Tweedmouth  ;  John  Duke 
of  Bedford,  Blenheim  ;  Cattle  in  Land- 
I  scape,  Bowood  ;  Peasants  going  to  Market, 
Stourhead  House  ;  Duke  and  Duchess  of 
Montague,  Duckwith  Palace  ;  Landscapes 
with  Cattle  (2),  Belvoir  Castle  ;  Lady  Chat- 
ham, Orwell  Park  ;  Duchess  of  Devonshire 
(1775),  Earl  Spencer,  Althorp  ;  Landscape, 
Historical  Society,  New  York.  Other  of 
the  220  portraits  by  him,  are :  George 
III.  (8),  Pitt  (7),  Garrick  (5),  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Camden,  Sir  William  Blackstone, 
Johnson,  Sterne,  Richardson,  Clive,  Burke, 
Sheridan,  Wiudham,  Franklin,  Canning, 
Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu,  Lady  Ver- 
non,  Lady  Maynard,  and  the  Bishops  of 
Worcester  and  Ferns.  A  collection  of  21(i 
of  Gainsborough's  works  were  exhibited  at 
the  Grosveuor  Gallery,  London,  in  1885. — 
Pratt,  Life  (London,  1788);  Thickuesse,  Life 
(London,  1788);  Fulcher,  Life  (London, 


104 


(iAISSKK 


185C);  Brock-Arnold,  Biog.  Great  Artists; 
Redgrave  :  Cunningham  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Keole 
anglaise  ;  Waagen,  Art  Treasures;  Black- 
wood's  Mag.,  Nov.,  1807  ;  Eng.  Painters  of 
Georgian  Era  (London,  1870);  London 
Acad.,  Aug.  4,  1883,  80  ;  July  21,  188:5,  51  ; 
Portfolio  (1872),  10!>,  178. 

GAISSER,  JAKOB  EMANUEL,  born  in 
Augsburg,  Nov.  21,  1825.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  in  Augsburg  of  Johann  Geyer,  then  of 

Munich    Academy    under    Clemen s     

Zimmermann,  but  studied  chielly 
after  the  old  masters  in  the  1'ina- 
kothek.  Having  held  a  position  as 
Intructor  at  Augsburg  in  185H-OI5, 
he  settled  in  Munich.  Received  a 
medal  in  London.  Works  :  Family 
Concert  (18(!7);  Miinchhausen 
among  the  Ladies ;  The  Tough 
Goose  ;  The  Last  Lesson  ;  Soldiers 
Quartered  ;  Secret  Love  Message  ; 
Game  of  Chess  ;  Hans  Fugger  in 
Family  Circle  ;  Cienr  a  Tout  ;  Con- 
tented People  ;  Lupus  in  Fabula  ; 
Brother  Cellarer ;  The  Improvisa- 
tore  ;  Letter  of  Introduction. — All- 
gem.  Kunst-Chronik,  ix.  (Jt)8. 

GALASSI,  GALASSO,  born  in 
first  half  of  15th  century,  dead  in 
147:5.  Lombard  school  ;  son  of  a 
tailor  and  master-painter  of  Fer- 
rara. Name  appears  in  1450  5:5  in 
account  books  of  house  of  Este, 
where  he  is  called  Maestro  Galusso 
cle  Matheo  Calegaro,  in  connection 
with  the  decoration  of  the  palace  of 
Belriguardo.  In  1455  he  composed 
the  Assumption  and  finished  a  portrait  of 
Cardinal  Bessarion  in  Santa  Maria  in  Monte, 
Bologna.  Vasari  says  he  went  to  Venice  and 
acquired  there  the  use  of  oils,  but  it  is  doubt- 
ful if  lie  ever  used  them.  Much  more  has 
been  made  of  him  than  he  deserves.  His 
pictures  show  bad  drawing,  affected  or  spas- 
modic action,  and  skinny  flesh.  Examples  : 
Trinity,  Ferrara  Museum  ;  Entombment,  and 
Virgin  with  Saint  and  Donor,  Costabili  Col- 
lection, Ferrara.— C.  &,  C.,  N.  Italy,  i.  514  ; 


Vaaari,  eel.  Le  Mon.,  iv.  213  ;  Cittad,  -11...  No- 
ti/.ie  di  Ferrari,  2C,  558  et  se«j.  ;  Cli.  Blanc. 
iCcole  ferraraise. 

GALATEA,  TRIUMPH  OF,  %,/""/.  IV 
lazzo  Fariiesina,  Home;  fresco,  figures  life 
si/.e.  Galatea,  half  nude,  standing  in  a  shell, 
attended  by  tritons  and  sea-nymphs,  isdrawu 
over  the  waves  by  two  dolphins,  which  she 
guides  by  reins,  aided  by  a  Cupid  ;  above, 
three  Cupids  are  discharging  arrows,  and  a 


u>    i. 

.  ( . 


.'  •- . 


--  i 

.,  • 

/•-v    .. 


~'^%"y  I 
<v      i«       *;$-?          ^.,-j^, 

'•<i;s;.>'v     *::' 

*Jv      ../         >^  .'.  ^ 


M 


i  V  \   '  OV""1     *'•";'.  '.'  -^-a/  \  *'S         s     **  /• 

>-    ;*^i  '    '  *    -          \'>         rW  \  ~~/  •  ->  / 


ph   of   Galatea,   Raphael.    Pala:;o   Farnes'na     R 


fourth,  half  hidden  in  clouds,  is  preparing 
his  darts.  Painted  in  1514  for  Agoutino 
Chigi,  owner  of  the  Pala/./.o  Chigi  (now  Far- 
nesina).  Subject  probably  from  Philostratus 
(Imagines,  ii.  xviii.)  or  Politian  (Giostni,  i. 
118).  Engraved  by  Marc  Antonio;  Marco 
Dentc  ;  H.  Golt/ius;  Richomme  ;  B.  J)es- 
noyers.  Copy  by  Giulio  Romano,  Acca- 
demia  di  S.  Luca,  Koine.  —  Vasari,  ed.  Mil, 
iv.  :54()  ;  Pa.ssavaiit,  ii.  14.'J  ;  Mlintz,  48!)  ; 
Forster,  Famesina  Studien  ;  Gruyer,  Ra- 


105 


GALATOX 


phael  et  1'Antiquite,  i.  279  ;  Springer,  2GO  ; 
Perkins,  Essay,  KiO. 

Subject  treated  also  by  Francesco  Albaui, 
Dresden  Clallery  ;  Nicolas  Poussin,  Hermit- 
age, St.  Petersburg  ;  Agostino  Carracci,  Pa- 
lazzo Farnese.  Rome  ;  Luca  Giordano,  Her- 
mitage, St.  Petersburg ;  Domenico  Feti, 
Vienna  Museum  ;  School  of  Botticelli,  Dres- 
den Museum. 

GALATON  of  Alexandria,  time  of  Ptol- 
emy Philopater  (222-205  n.c.).  .Elian  (Var. 
hist.  xiii.  24)  says  he  painted  a  picture  in- 
tended to  cast  ridicule  on  the  epic  poets  of 
Alexandria. 

GALBRUND,  ALPHONSE  LOUS,  born 
in  Paris,  June  ',W.  1810,  died  at  Ncuilly 
sur-Srine  in  June,  1885.  Genre  mid  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  of  Richomuie  and  Reg- 
nault.  Medal  18(!5.  Works :  St.  Medar- 
dus  (1850);  Chambermaid  (1855);  Girl 
Scholar  (1805);  Young  Housewife  (1870); 
Consolation  (1875);  Reverie  (1878),  Pan 
Museum  ;  The  King's  Cake  (1880);  Woman 
Darning  (1882);  Gypsy  Girl  (1885). 

GALE,  WILLIAM,  born  in  London  in 
18I!2.  History  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Koval  Academy  ;  first  exhibited  in  1845 
Young  Celadon  and  his  Amelia.  Spent 
several  years  in  Italy  and  travelled  in  Syria, 
Palestine,  and  Algeria.  Works  :  Weeping 
Place  of  the  Jews  in  Jerusalem  (18G:>);  En- 
trance into  Jerusalem  (18(>7);  Return  of  the 
Prodigal  (180'.));  Cupid's  Ambassador  (1871); 
Abraham  and  Isaac  going  to  Sacrifice  (1872) ; 
Eyes  to  the  Blind  (1873);  Spring-Time  in 
the  East  (1874);  The  Competitive  Examina- 
tion (1875);  Chess-Players,  Love-Tale  (187(5); 
Spoils  of  War  (1877);  Algerian  Interior 
(18G8);  Song  of  Miriam  (1881);  Helweh 
(1883).— Meyer,  Com-.  Lex.,  xviii.  378. 

GALILEO  BEFORE  BARBERINI, 
Charles  Louis  Jfiil/cr,  Charles  S.  Smith, 
New  York ;  canvas.  The  astronomer  re- 
ceived by  his  friend  Cardinal  Barberiui, 
who  afterwards  became  Pope  Urban  YIH. 

GALILEO  IN  PRISON,  Karl  von  Pilot,,, 
Cologne  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  10  ft.  x  7  f t 
3  in.  The  astronomer  hi  pensive  attitude 


looking  at  some  mathematical  lines  he  lias 
drawn  upon  the  floor,  upon  which  falls  a  ray 
of  sunlight.  In  the  background  a  grated 
window  through  which  two  monks  are  ob- 
serving him. 

GALIMARD,  NICOLAS  AUGUSTE,  born 
in  Paris,  March  25,  1813,  died  at  Montigny- 
le-Cormeilles  (Seine-et-Oise),  Jan.  17,  1880. 
Genre  painter,  fellow  pupil  with  Ingres 
under  A.  Hesse.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1835  ; 
2<1  class,  184G.  Works  :  Lady  of  the  Cas- 
tle in  the  ICth  century  ;  Holy  Women  at 
the  Tomb  of  Christ  (1835);  Liberty  leaning 
on  Christ  (183(i);  Nnusicaa  (1841);  Angel 
(1845);  Ode  (184(>),  Luxembourg  Museum  ; 
Virgin  at  Prayer  ;  Jealous  Juno  ;  Christ 
Blessing  (1848),  Cathedral  of  Perigueux  ; 
Virgin  in  Tears  (1849),  Church  of  Jonzac  ; 
Leda  (1857);  The  Papacy  (18G8);  Portrait 
of  Hesse  (1870) ;  Pre-des- Lions  in  June 
(1875)  ;  St.  Louis,  King  of  France,  Henri 
Jules  de  Bourbon,  Versailles  Museum. — 
Bellicr  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  001  ;  Chronique 
des  Arts,  January  24,  1880  ;  Am.  Art.  Rev., 
March,  1880  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xv.  38G ;  Vap- 
ereau  (1880),  7C3. 

GALLAIT,  LOUIS,  born  at  Tournay, 
March  10,  1810. 
History,  genre,  and 
i_-  x.  'Jj  portrait  painter,  pu- 

ffi&$      i"1  of  Tournay  Ae:u]- 

emy  under  Henne- 
q  u  i  n .  Having 
obtained  the  first 
prize  at  Ghent  in 
1831,  he  studied  at 
the  Antwerp  Acad- 
emy, and  in  1834 

went  to  Paris,  where  his  portraits  and  his- 
torical paintings  were  soon  highly  esteemed. 
His  Abdication  of  Charles  V.,  painted  at 
Brussels  in  1841,  placed  him  at  once  at  the 
head  of  Belgian  historical  painters,  and  won 
for  him  the  Belgian  Order  of  Leopold,  and 
the  French  Legion  of  Honour.  The  city  of 
Brussels  struck  a  medal  in  his  honour. 
Member  of  Brussels,  Antwerp,  Paris,  Berlin, 
and  Munich  Academies.  Prussian  Order  of 


106 


GALLEGOS 


Merit ;  Order  of  Oaken  Crown  of  Holland. 
Works  :  Render  unto  Ctrsar  the  things  thaf 
are  Caesar's  (1831),  Ghent  Museum  ;  Christ 
healing  the  Blind  (1833),  Tournay  Cathe- 
dral ;  Duke  of  Alva  in  the  Netherlands. 
Travelling  Musicians  (1834);  The  Beggars 
(1834),  Liege  Museum  ;  Job  and  his 
Friends  (1835),  formerly  in  Luxembourg 
Museum;  Death  of  Palestrina  ;  Montaigne 
visiting  Tasso  in  Prison  (1830),  King  of 
Belgium;  The  Penitent  (1830);  Battle  of 
Mont  Cassel  (1837),  Conquest  of  Antioch 
by  Godfrey  de  Bouillon  (1840),  Count  Bald- 
win crowned  at  Constantinople  in  1204 
Due  de  Biron  (1835),  Versailles  Museum 
Abdication  of  Charles  V.  (1841),  Brussels 
Museum  ;  replica  (1849),  Stiidel  Gallery 
Frankfort ;  Temptation  of  St.  Anthom 
(1848),  King  of  Belgium;  Triumph  of  Ge- 
nius, Broken  Violin-Bow  (1850)  ;  Obsequies 
of  ti/iiuiiil  and  Horn  (1851),  Tournay  Mu- 
seum ;  Slavic  Musicians  (1852),  Ravein'  Gal- 
lery, Berlin;  Gypsy  with  Children  (1852); 
Song  of  Prisoners  (1855);  Francis  I.  in  Leo- 
nardo da  Vinci's  Studio  (1857);  Egmont's 
Last  Hour  (1858),  Capuchin  Monk,  National 
Gallery,  Berlin;  Joanna  la  Folio  (185!)). 
Brussels  Museum  ;  Oath  of  Vargas,  San 
Donato  Gallery ;  Alva  contemplating  the 
beheaded  Counts  Egmont  and  Horn,  Art 
and  Liberty  (1859),  Power  of  Music  (1800), 
Peace,  War  (1872).  W.  T.  Walters,  Balti- 
more ;  Alva  signing  Death-Warrants  ( 1803); 
Monk  feeding  the  Poor,  New  Pinakothek. 
Munich  ;  The  Prisoner,  W.  H.  Vandorbilt, 
New  York  ;  Italian  Revenge  ;  Samson  and 
Delilah  ;  Fisherman's  Widow  ;  Murillo  find- 
ing Model  for  his  Madonna  ;  Prayer  after 
Vintage;  Plague  in  Tournay  (1882),  Brus- 
sels Museum  ;  Portraits  of  Pius  IX.  (1801), 
and  of  Cardinal  Antonelli  (1802);  Fifteen 
historical  portraits  of  Warriors,  Legislators, 
and  Patrons  of  Art  and  Letters,  Senate 
Chamber,  Brussels.—  Art  Journal  (1800), 
101;  Brockhaus,  vii.  470;  Imnier/oel,  i. 
259 ;  Kramm,  ii.  520 ;  Springer,  Gesch., 
198;  Zeitsohr.  f.  b.  K.,  xvii.  370;  Riegel, 
Wandmalerei  in  Belgien,  30,  44. 


GALLEGOS,  FERNANDO,  bom  at  Sala 
rnanca  about  1475,  died  there  in  155(1. 
Spanish  school  ;  pupil  of  Pedro  Berriiguote, 
but  painted  in  the  manner  of  Roger  van  dor 
Weyden.  One  of  his  best  works,  a  Madonna 
with  SS.  Andrew  and  Christopher,  was  exe- 
cuted for  the  chapel  of  S.  dementi  in  the 
Cathedral  of  Salamanca.  Works :  Altar- 
piece  in  Cathedral  at  /amora  ;  Two  Bishops 
and  Two  Saints,  Academy,  Valladolid  ;  Vis- 
itation. Life  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  (5), 
Madrid  Museum.— Stirling,  i.  12O. 

GALLERVNI.  CKCILIA,  portrait,  Leo- 
nardo da  \\in-i,  lost  (?).  Painted  in  Milan 
about  1485-8'J,  for  Lodovico  Sforxa  (II 
Moro).  Duke  of  Milan,  whose  mistress  she 
was.  She  afterwards  married  Count  Ix>do- 
vico  Pergamino.  In  last,  centurv  this  pict- 
ure was  in  possession  of  Marquis  Bom-sana, 
Milan.  A  replica,  or  eopv.  belonging  to 
Professor  Franchi.  Milan,  passed  for  a  St. 
Cecilia.  Another  portrait  of  her  by  Leo- 
nardo belonged  to  the  Pallavicini  family  of 
San  Calorero.  He  also  painted  her  as  a 
Madonna,  called  the  M.  della  Rosa.  In  this 
picture,  which  Ainoretti  saw  in  Milan,  the 
Virgin  is  urging  Jesus  to  bless  a  rose. 
Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  «7  ;  Rigollot,  Hist,  des 
Arts,  etc..  i.  29!)  ;  Ainoretti,  Mem.  storic.  di 
L.  da  Vinci,  3S,  80,  105  ;  Hoaton,  27'.),  28(1. 

GALLI.       See   l;il,i,;,n. 

GALLOCHE,  LOl'IS,  born  in  Paris, 
Aug.  24.  1070.  died  July  21,  1701.  French 
school  ;  pupil  of  Louis  de  I.oiillongno  ;  ob- 
tained the  first  prixe  in  1095,  spent  two 
years  in  Rome,  and  after  his  return  to  France 
opened  a  school.  Was  received  into  the 
Academy  in  1711,  made  professor  in  1720, 
rector  in  1740,  and  chancellor  in  1754.  He 
had  a  pension  from  the  king,  and  w;is  lodged 
at  the  Louvre. 
Works:  A  Ices-  f 
tis  restored  to  V-Vl  *-  L.O  CAiJO 
Admetus(1711),  (  ) 
Louvre;  St.  ^""^  /j 


Peter    in    Cap- 
tivity, Rennes  Museum  ;  St.  Ambrose  reviv- 
ing a  Child,  Nancy  Museum  ;  Angelica  and 


1U7 


GAMBA 


Medora,  Caen  Museum  ;  Coriolanus  entreat- 
ed by  his  Family  to  assume  the  Command 
of  the  Roman  Army,  Orleans  Museum.— 
Ch.  Blanc,  JCcole  fraiu/aise  ;  Lejeune,  Guide, 
i.  357,  iii.  104,  302  ;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre. 

GAMBA,  ENRICO,  born  in  Turin,  Jan. 
3,  1831,  .lied  there  in  Nov.,  1883.  History, 
genre,  and  landscape  painter,  studied  in 
Turin,  at  the  Stiidel  Institute,  Frankfort, 
and  in  Homo.  Works  :  Victor  Amadcus 
protecting  the  Poor,  End  of  Vacation,  Sou- 
venir of  the  Upper  Rhine  ;  Frescos  in  S. 
Gioachino,  Turin,  and  in  Alessandria  and 
Chiari  Cathedrals. — Kunst-Chronik,  xix.  5(i. 

GAMBARA,  LATTAN/K),  of  Brescia, 
born  1541,  died  1574.  Lombard  school ; 
studied  under  Antonio  Campi  of  Cremona, 
but  afterwards  became  the  disciple  of  Roma- 
nino,  whose  daughter  he  married.  Vasari, 
however,  calls  him  the  son-in-law  of  Moretto 
da  Brescia.  His  style  is  a  combination  of 
Campi's  and  Romanino's.  Among  his  most 
spirited  compositions  are  the  damaged  fres- 
cos in  the  Castello  of  Brescia.  Another  im- 
portant work  is  an  altarpiece  of  the  Nativity 
in  S.  Faustino,  Brescia.  The  twelve;  large 
frescos  illustrative  of  the  history  of  Christ, 
in  the  cathedral  at  Parma,  were  executed  by 
him,  with  the  aid  of  Sojaro,  between  15(58 
and  1572.— C.  A:  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  437  ;  Va- 
sari, ed.  Le  Mon.,  xi.  250,  2(!4  ;  Burckhardt, 
1!>2,  7158. 

GAMESTERS,  Michelangelo  da  Caravay- 


rades,  playing  cards.  A  good  picture.  From 
Prague  Gallery,  1748.  Engraved  by  P. 
Tan  jo  ;  J.  C.  Loedel.  Replica  in  Palazzo 
Sciarra,  Rome,  painted  for  Cardinal  del 
Monte  ;  formerly  in  Palazzo  Barberini.  En- 
graved by  J.  Volpato  ;  T.  Verkruys  ;  P.  P. 
Montagnani. — Gal.  Roy.  de  Dresde,  ii.  PI. 
28  ;  Meyer,  Kiinst.  Lex.,  i.  G14,  G20  ;  Rosini, 
vi.  PI.  133. 

GANYMEDE,  RAPE  OF,  Corregrjio,  Vi- 
enna Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  5  ft.  2  in.  x  2  ft. 
3  in.  Jupiter,  struck  with  the  charms  of 


Gamesters,  Michelangelo  da  Caravaggio,  Dresden  Gallery. 

(/i'o,   Dresden  Gallery  ;  canvas,  H.  3  ft.  x  4 
ft  4  in.     A  young  soldier  with   two   com- 


Ganymede,  Rape  of,  Eustache  Lesueur,  Louvre. 

Ganymede,  son  of  Tros,  King  of  Troy,  and 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  mortals,  took 
the  form  of  an  eagle  and  bore  him  off  to 
heaven,  where  he  served  as  cupbearer  to  the 
gods  (Ovid,  Metamorphoses).  In  the  pict- 
ure, Ganymede  is  borne  by  the  eagle  in  the 
air  ;  below,  the  plains  of  Lycia,  where  Gany- 
mede had  tended  his  flocks  ;  in  foreground, 
his  dog,  howling  at  the  loss  of  his  master. 
Painted  about  1530  (?).  In  possession  of  An- 
tonio Perez,  favourite  of  Philip  II. ;  sold  in 
1003  to  Rodolph  II.,  and  sent  from  Spain  to 
Prague  with  the  Leda,  but  probably  taken 
early  to  Vienna.  Assigned  in  Spain  to  Par- 
inigiano.  Ancient  copy  in  Madrid  Museum. 
,  Another  Ganymede,  with  changes,  a  fresco 


108 


GAUP.O 


transferred  to  canvas,  in  Modena  Gallrry. 
Engraved  by  Fr.  Van  der  Steen  ;  Jos.  Eiss- 
ner. — Meyer,  Correggio,  341,  402  ;  Kiinst. 
Lex.,  i.  438  ;  Gal.  de  Vienne,  i.  PL  IS. 

By  Eustache  J^e.tiit'itr,  Louvre,  Paris  ;  can- 
vas, H.  4  ft.  2  in.  x  3  ft.  7  in.  The  eagle 
bears  aloft  the  young  prince,  whoso  atten- 
tion is  directed  earnestly  to  the  earth,  seen 
below.  Painted  for  the  hotel  of  President 
Lambert.  Collection  of  Louis  XVI.  En- 
graved by  Beauvais. — Landon,  Musee,  vi.  17; 
Filliol. 

By  liemliraiult,  Dresden  Gallery  ;  canvas, 
H.  5  ft,  9  in.  x4  ft.  2  in.:  signed,  dated 
1035.  Ganymede  borne  to  Olympus  by  an 
eagle.  Acquired  in  1751.  Engraved  by  ('. 
G.  Schultze  ;  Canlon. — Vosmaer,  442. 

GAUBO,  KAFFAELLINO  DEL.  born  in 
Florence  in  14(i(!, 
died  there  i  n 
1524.  Florentine 
school.  Heal 
name  Capponi, 
but  commonly 
called  del  Garbo 
(tlie  Graceful). 
Puj)il  of  Filippi- 
no  Lippi,  with 
w  h  o  in  he  r  o  - 
niained  until  about  1490. 
follower  of  his  master's  style.  He  appears 
to  best  advantage  in  his  Miulannn  with  An- 
gels ;  Madonna  with  Saints  and  Angels  ;  and 
Madonna  with  Angels,  Cherubs,  and  Saints, 
Berlin  Museum.  The  first-named  group  is 
almost  Haphaelesque  in  its  conception. 
Among  other  examples  worthy  of  note  are  : 
Madonna  with  Saints,  Dresden  Gallery  ; 
Coronation  of  the  Vinjin,  Louvre;  Jlrxiirrrr- 
tion,  Florence  Acad em y.  — C.  &  C.,  Italy,  iii. 
415  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  EVole  florentine  ;  Liibke, 
Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  i.  375  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le  Mon., 
vii.  190;  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  233. 

GARCIA  HLSPALETO,  Don  MANUEL, 
born  in  Seville  ;  contemporary.  History  and 
genre  painter,  pupil  of  Seville  Academy  ; 
studied  later  in  llome.  Works :  Burial  of 
St.  Clirysostoui  (1864)  ;  Apparition  of  St. 


He  was  a  weak 


i  Agnes  (1S07)  ;  Starting  for  the  Bull-Fight 
(1871). 

GAHCIA   Y    MARTINEZ,    Don    JUAN, 

born  at  Calatayud,  Saragossa  ;  contempo- 
rary. History  painter,  pupil  of  Madrid 
Academy.  Works :  liaising  of  La/ams 
(lSf><;),  Museum  do  la  Trinidad,  Madrid  ; 
The  I  Covers  of  Temel  (1S59)  ;  Death  of  King 
Don  Sanclio  ;  Death  of  Poet  Macias  ;  Lil>- 
eration  of  Francis  I.;  Charles  II.  as  a  Sor- 
cerer ( 1S7IJ)  ;  Procession  of  Our  Lady  ( 18S1 1; 
Penitent  (1884). 

GARDNER,  ELI/AIJKTH  JANK,  born 
at  Exeter,  N.  H.;  contemporary.  Figure 
painter,  pupil  of  H.  Merle,  I.ei'ebvre,  and 
Bouguercau  in  Paris.  Exhibits  at  National 
Academy,  New  York,  and  Paris  Salon. 
Honourable  mention,  Paris  Salon,  l.s~'.i. 
Studio  in  Paris.  Works:  Cinderella,  < '. 
Crocker,  San  Francisco;  Cornelia  and  her 
Jewels  (187'J);  Coriime  (l!S~lt;  Sorceress 
(1875);  Fortune-Teller  (ls7li);  Ruth  and 
Naomi  (T.  Wigglesworth,  Boston),  Moses  in 
the  Bulrushes  (1878);  Mau.l  Mnller  (  1S71I): 
Priscilla,  Water's  Edge  (1HS1);  Da]>hnis 
and  Chloe  (1882);  Captive  (188:!):  Portraits. 
J.  H.  Stebbins,  New  York  ;  Improvised  Cup 
(1SS4),  Corner  of  the  Farm  ( 1SS5),  Kn<ed- 
ler  &  Co,  New  York.— Portfolio  (1*79), 
36. 

GAREIS,  ANTON,  born  in  Prague  in 
ls:!7.  (Jenre  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of 
his  father  and  of  Prague  Academy  under 
Engerth  ;  visited  Dresden,  Vienna,  and  Hun- 
gary. Works:  Twelfth  Night  (1M!2);  Kir- 
mess  (18li:i);  Tavern  Scene  (1S(>4);  Hunga- 
rian Gypsies  Playing,  Sunday  Music  in 
Croatia  (18118);  Child's  Play,  Four  Cartoons 
to  "As  you  Like  It."— Muller,  192. 

GARNERAY,  AMBROISE  LOUIS,  born 
\  in  Paris,  Feb.  19,  17S!!,  died  there,  Sept.  11, 
1  1857.  French  school  ;  marine  painter,  pu- 
pil of  his  father,  Jean  Francois  (1755-1837), 
portrait  and  genre  painter,  and  scholar  of 
David.  Love  of  adventure  led  him  in  179(! 
to  India,  where  he  took  part  in  several  sea- 
lights,  and  was  taken  prisoner  in  180i;  by 
the  English,  who  retained  him  in  captivity 


II  HI 


GAKXIER 


at  Portsmouth  until  1814.  Ho  exhibited1 
his  first  marine  in  1810,  became  painter  to 
the  Duke  of  Angouleme  in  1817,  and  in 
1833  director  of  the  Museum  of  Rouen. 
Medals  in  1810  and  1855  ;  L.  of  Honour, 
1852.  Works :  Tower  of  London,  Three- 
docker  cast  on  the  Rocks,  A  Storm,  Road- 
stoad  with  Yossols  (1819);  View  of  the 
•Scheldt  (1833),  Douai  Museum  ;  Battle  of 
Augusta,  lG7(i  (183(1),  Battle  of  Navarino, 
Napoleon's  Return  from  Elba,  Versailles 
Museum  ;  View  of  Sidon  at  Sunset,  Bou- 
logne Museum  ;  Capture  of  the  Kent  by  the 
Corsair  Confiance  (183(i),  La  Rochollo  Mu- 
seum ;  Cod-Fishing  on  Banks  of  Newfound- 
land (183!)),  Rouen  Museum  ;  Frigate  Vir- 
ginie  attacking  English  Squadron,  Rochefort 
Museum  ;  Incident  in  Battle  of  Navarino 
(1853),  Nantes  Museum  ;  Porpoise-Fishing, 
Cherbourg  Museum  ;  View  of  the  Furnes 
Canal  (1855),  Marseilles  Museum.  —  -Bollier 
de  la  Cliavignerie,  i.  007  ;  Lrirousso  ;  Le- 
jeunc,  Guide,  iii.  105  ;  Art  Journal  (185S), 
24. 

GARXIER,  ETIENNE  BARTHELEMY, 
born  in  Paris,  Aug.  24,  1759,  died  Nov.  l(i, 
184!).  French  school ;  history  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Duramcau,  Doyen,  and 
Vien,  studied  afterwards  in  Rome  ;  painted 
scenes  from  Greek  and  Roman  history  and 
mythology,  in  the  shallow  theatrical  pathos 
of  his  time,  but  with  skill  and  effective  col- 
ouring. Member  of  Institute  in  181(!  ;  L.  of 
Honour,  1828.  Works :  Nebuchadnezzar 
causing  the  Children  of  /edekiah  to  be 
Killed  (1787),  Mans  Museum ;  Desolation 
of  Priam's  Family  (1800),  ordered  by  the 
Director}' ;  Roman  Charity,  Diana  appear- 
ing to  Hercules  (1801);  Napoleon  (1808); 
Burial  of  Dagobert  (1814),  Sacristy  of  St. 
Denis  ;  Eponina  and  Sabinus  (1814),  Angers 
Museum  ;  Procession  of  St.  Charles  Borro- 
meo  during  the  Plague  at  Milan  (1827), 
Church  of  St.  Germain  ;  St.  Louis  arbitrat- 
ing between  the  King  of  England  and  his 
Barons  (1827);  Reception  of  the  Duke  of 
Angouleme  at  Chartres  on  his  Return  from 
Spain  (1831);  Entry  of  Duke  and  Duchess  I 


of  Angouleme  into  Chartres,  1823  (1827), 
Chartres  Museum  ;  Portrait  of  Cardinal 
Maury  (1838).  Avignon  Museum  ;  Marriage 
Ceremony  of  Napoleon  and  Marie  Louise 
(1840),  Versailles  Museum. — Bellier  de  la 
Cliavignerie,  i.  CIO ;  Larousse ;  Lejeune, 
Guide,  iii.  105. 

GARNIER,  JULES  ARSfcNE,  born  in 
Paris,  Jan.  22,  1847.  Genre  painter,  stud- 
ied first  in  Toulouse,  then  pupil  of  Gi'rome 
in  Paris  ;  travelled  in  Holland,  Spain,  and 
Morocco,  paints  mediaeval  subjects  with  ex- 
treme archicological  accuracy.  Works  :  The 
Bather,  Mile,  de  Sombreuil  drinking  a  Glass 
of  Blood  (1809);  Adam's  Dream,  Jus  Primre 
Noctis  (1872);  Vassals'  Taxes  Debris  (1873); 
Lo  Roi  s'anmso  (1874);  Execution  in  Kith 
Century,  Nude  Female  Figure  (1875);  Pun- 
ishment of  Adultery  in  Middle  Ages  (1870); 
Stranded  (Joods,  The  Favourite  (1877);  Lib- 
erator of  the  Territory  (1878);  Village  Fes- 
tival, Temptation  (1879);  Rabelais,  the  Par- 
son of  Meudon  (18HO);  Distribution  of 
Standards,  July  14,  1880  (1881);  Reveil 
(1KS2);  Truth  (1883);  Jolly  Drinkers  (after 
Rabelais's  Gargantua,  1884).  — Miiller,  193; 
Meyer,  C'onv.  Lex.,  xviii.  381. 

GAROFALO,  IL,  born  in  Ferrara  in  1481, 
died  there,  Sept.  fi,  1559.  Lombard-Fer- 
rarese  school.  Real  name  Benvenuto  di 
Piero  Tisi,  but  called  Garofalo  (Gilliflower) 
from  his  use  of  that  flower  as  a  device. 
Pupil  of  Domenico  Panetti,  of  Niccolo  Sori- 
ani,  and  of  Boccacini,  from  whose  studio  he 
ran  away  to  Rome  (1499)  and  studied  about 
a  year  under  Giovanni  Barrini.  In  1502  he 
was  in  Mantua,  where  he  must  have  remained 
four  years  if,  as  Vasari  says,  he  studied  with 
Lorenzo  Costa,  who  entered  the  service  of 
the  Gonzagas  in  1500.  In  1508  he  went 
again  to  Rome  and  became  intimate  with 
Raphael.  Later  he  worked  at  Ferrara  for 
Duke  Alfonso,  in  whose  palace  (Scrofa  Cal- 
cagnini)  he  decorated  a  hall  with  mytholog- 
ical subjects.  Other  pictures  in  Ferrara : 
Old  and  New  Testament,  Adoration  of  the 
Maiji  (1537),  (Jhriyt  in  the  Garden,  Massacre 
of  the  Innocents,  Madonna  del  Pilastro,  Ma- 


110 


(iAUUAKI) 


donna  with  Saints,  Madonna  del  Riposo, 
Raising  of  iMzurim,  St.  1'i-lrr  Martyr,  Dis- 
covery of  the  Crux.-;  Municipal  Gallery  ;  and 
several  in  the  Dnomo.  Works  in  other 
cities:  Tiburtino  Silii/l,  La  Xini/nn-lld  (.'), 
Holy  Family,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence  ;  An- 
nunciation, Uffizi,  ib.  ;  Madonna  with  Saints 
(1518),  Venice  Academy  ;  Deposition  from 
Cross,  Crucifixion,  Brera,  Milan  ;  Madonna 
with  Saints,  Modena  (lallery  ;  Entombment, 
Deposition,  Palaz/o  Borghese,  Rome  ;  Ad- 
oration of  Magi,  Deposition,  Naples  Mu- 
seum ;  Triumph  of  Jlui'i-ltux,  Mars  ami 
Venus,  Xi'jittim-  and  ]  'alias,  Madonna  in 
Adoration,  Dresden  Gallery  ;  //«/</  Family, 
Vatican,  Rome.  The  pictures  of  Garofalo 
are  almost  always  pleasing.  He  was  a  good 
draughtsman  and  colourist,  though  some- 
times a  little  too  vivid  in  his  reds  and 
greens  for  perfect  harmony  of  effect  Ac- 
cording to  Vasari  he  was  totally  blind  dur- 
ing the  last 
nine  years 

of  his  Hfe. 

—V  a  s  a  r  i, 

cd.  Mil.,  vi. 

451)  ;  Burckhardt,   01)1  ;  Seguier,  208  ;  Cit- 

tadella,  Mem.  di  Ben.  Tisi  (Fcrrara,  187::); 

Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  ferraraise  ;   Liibke,  Gesch. 

ital.  Mai,  ii.  378  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  x.  210. 

GARRARD.     See  (leerart*. 

GARRICK  AS  RICHARD  IH,  William 
Hogarth,  Earl  of  Fcversham.  Painted  in 
1740.  Hogarth  was  paid  for  it  by  Mr.  Dnn- 
combe,  of  Duucombe  Park,  Yorkshire,  C200  ; 
"more,"  he  says,  "than  any  English  artist 
ever  received  for  a  single  portrait."  —  Dob- 
sou,  03. 

GAKRICK  BETWEEN  TRAGEDY  AND 
COMEDY,  Sir  Joshua  lii-ijtmbls  ;  canvas. 
Gurrick,  seen  to  knees,  standing,  looks  with 
an  appealing,  half-ashamed  expression  at 
Tragedy,  while  turning  towards  Comedy, 
unable  to  resist  her  allurements.  Painted 
in  17G1  ;  sold  to  Lord  Halifax  for  300  guin- 
eas ;  at  bis  sale  to  Mr.  Angersteiu  for  250 
guineas.  Engraved  by  E.  Fisher. 

GARTNER,  EDUARD  (JOHANN  PHIL- 


f 

ccroi 

I 


p 

Q  (. 


0 


IPP),  born  in  Berlin,  June  2,  1X01,  died  there, 
Feb.  'JL'l,  1877.  Architecture  painter,  pupil 
in  Cassel  of  Maler  Miiller  ;  returned  to  Ber- 
lin in  1S13  and  for  six  years  was  apprenticed 
in  the  porcelain  factory,  made  a  tour  to  the 
North  Sea  in  ISiH,  studied  in  Paris  in  IWt 
•J7,  and  painted  for  the  (V.ar  in  St.  Peters- 
burg and  Moscow  in  ls:i7-!i'.).  Member  of 
Berlin  Academy  in  I*:!:!.  Works:  The  for- 
mer licet/en  Street  in  Berlin  (1S31 ),  National 
Gallery,  Berlin  ;  others  in  the  Royal  Palaces, 
ib.— Jordan  ( 1SS.~»,  ii.  OS. 

GARTNER,  FRIKDRK'H,  born  in  Mu- 
nich, Jan.  11,  is-jl.  Architecture  painter, 
pupil  of  Munich  Academv  and  of  Siinonsen, 
studied  then  in  Paris  under  Jiiccjunutl  ;  trav 
died  extensively,  and  settled  in  Munich  in 
1S."> 7.  AVorks:  From  the  Alhambra  ;  Inte- 
rior of  House  in  Tetuan  ;  Street  in  Algiers; 
Mos([iie  El  Kebir  in  Algiers;  Convent  Yard 
in  Moonlight,  Interior  of  Moorish  Muilding, 
New  Pinakothek,  Munich.— Miiller,  I'M  ; 
Brockhaus,  vii.  504. 

GARTNER,  HEINRICII,  born  at  N.  u- 
St relit/,  ^lecklenburg,  in  IS^S.  ]^mdsca]ie 
painter,  pupil  in  Berlin  of  Schirmer,  and  in 
Dresden  of  L.  Richter.  He  was  much  in- 
tlnenced  by  Genelli  at  Munich  and  by  Cor- 
nelius at  Rome  (  bS.")(|).  Works:  Landsca[H> 
with  Return  of  Prodigal  Sou  ( 1  S.V.I),  Leip.sic 
Museum  ;  Scenes  from  Life  of  Psycho 
(lS05-G(j(,  Villa  Diirr,  near  Leijisic  ;  Cycle 
of  landscapes  (14)  representing  Develop 
ment  of  Sculpture  (in  fresco,  1S7S|. 
Miiller,  1114;  Brockhaus,  vii.  504;  Xeitschr. 
f.  b.  K.,  ii.  St. 

(iASCAR,  HENRI,  born  in  Paris  in  lO:!.",, 
died  in  Rome,  Jan.  IS,  17(11.  French 
school ;  portrait  painter.  Long  lived  in 
England,  where  he  became  Lcly's  competi- 
tor, and  was  patronized  by  the  Duchess  of 
Portsmouth.  Left  England  about  1080, 
having  made,  it  is  said,  £10,000  in  a  few 
years.  Member  of  the  Academy  in  1080. 
Work,  The  Duchess  of  Portsmouth  as 
Flora,  Hampton  Court.—  Redgrave,  Jame- 
son, Hand-Book  to  Public  Galleries,  5112  ; 
Taylor,  The  Fine  Arts,  ii.  300. 


in 


GASSEL 

GASSEL,  LUCAS,  born  at  Helmont,  Bra-  [  Guard  in  Courtyard  of  Louvre  (1831);  En- 
bant,  about  1500,  died    at  Brussels   about :  trance  to  Harbor  of  Boulogne  ;  Needles  at 
1550.     Flemish  school ;  practised  landscape   Isle  of  Wight;  Shakespeare  Cliff;  View  of 
painting  in  Brussels,  where  he  was  an  inti- 
mate friend  of  the  painter-poet  Lampsonius. 
He  painted  in  the  fantastic  manner  of  Pate- 
nicr,  and  enlivened  his  landscapes  with  Old 
and  New  Testament  subjects.     His  pictures  Loch  Lomond. — Bellier  de  la  Chaviguerie, 
are  rare,  as  he  painted  but  little.     Works  :   i.  G14  ;  Lejeune,  Guide,   iii.  105  ;  Larousse. 
St.  George,  Louvre,  Paris  ;  Landscape,  Lille  J      GASTIXEAU,    HENRY,    born    in    1797, 
Museum  ;  Landscape  with  Judah  and  Tamar  died  at  Camberwell,  Surrey,  in  187G.    Land- 
(1548),  Vienna  Museum.     The  Land-   scape  painter  in  water-colours,  pupil  of  the 
ft^    scape  in  the  Contest  between  Apollo   Royal  Academy  ;  commenced  as  an  engraver, 
V*f*.  and  Pan,  by  Goltzius,  Dresden  Gal-   then  took  up  oil-painting,  and  in  1818  be- 
Icry,  is  ascribed  to  Gassel. — Allgem.    came  an  associate  and  in  1824  a  member  of 
d.  Biogr.,  viii.  :i(i(.) ;  Biog.  nat.  de  Belgique,    the  Water-Colour  Society  ;    was  intimately 
vii.  4117;. Jour.  desB.  Arts  (18G4),  88;  (187S),  Connected    with   Turner,    David   Cox,    and 
118  ;   Kramm,  ii.  5:54.  :  Copley  Fielding.     Works  :  Penrliyn  Castle, 

GASSEN,  GOTTLIEB,  born  in  Coblentz  {  Netley  Abbey,  South  Kensington  Museum, 
in  1805  or  1807.  History  painter,  pupil ,  London ;  Klamme  Pass  in  Styria  (1855); 
and  follower  of  Cornelius,  among  the  first  j  Glenarm— Antrim,  Hospice  and  Pass  of  St. 
to  paint  in  fresco  at  Munich  for  King  Louis  Gothard  (18G2);  Pass  of  Killiecrankie  (18G7). 
I.  Works  :  Storming  of  the  Godesberg  near  \  GASTON  DE  FOIX  (?),  Girolamo  Sa- 
Bonn  by  Duke  William  V.  of  Bavaria,  Ar-  rulilo,  Louvre;  canvas,  H.  i5  ft.  x  4  ft.; 
cades,  Royal  Garden,  Munich  ;  eleven  scenes  ,  signed.  A  knight  in  armour,  half  recum- 
t'rom  Poems  of  Walthcr  von  der  \  ogelweide,  bent,  in  a  gloomy  chamber,  his  form  re- 
Royal  Palace,  Munich  ;  ceiling  paintings  in  i  fleeted  in  mirrors.  Long  called  a  portrait 
Loggia  of  Pinakothek  ;  paintings  in  Trinity  of  Gaston  de  Foix,  by  Giorgione  ;  but  prob- 
Church,  Wcissenthurm,  near  Coblentz.  ably  a  picture  painted  to  show  that  painting 

GASSIES,  JEAN  BRUNO,  born  in  Bor-  is  preferable  to  sculpture,  because  a  given 
deaux,  Oct.  25,  1780,  died  in  Paris,  Oct.  form  can  be  reproduced  on  canvas  by  the 
12,  18:52.  French  school ;  history,  genre,  judicious  use  of  reflecting  surfaces.  Rep- 
und  landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Vincent  lica,  formerly  belonging  to  Charles  I.,  at 
and  Lacour  in  Paris.  Painted  many  bibli-  Hampton  Court. — Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  C.  & 
cal,  as  well  as  French  mediaeval  and  mod-  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  419  ;  Law,  Hist.  Cat.  Harnp- 
crn  subjects.  Works  :  Labourer  holding  tor.  Court,  43. 

Skull  and  Rusty  Sword  (1810),  Douai  Mu-  GATTA,  Don  BARTOLOMMEO  DELLA, 
scum  ;  Hagar  and  Ishmael  (1811),  Brus- ,  born  about  1408,  died  in  Arezzo  in  1491. 
sels  Museum  ;  Virgil  reading  the  /Eueid  to  t  Florentine  school.  Learned  miniature 
Augustus  (1814);  Horace  at  Virgil's  Tomb  ;  painting  in  the  Camaldolensian  Convent  of 
(1817);  Portrait  of  Louis  XVIII.  (1819),  the  Angeli,  Florence,  where  he  was  a  friar ; 
Bordeaux  Museum  ;  Christ  and  Peter  walk-  j  became  abbot  of  the  Convent  of  S.  Clemente, 
ing  on  the  Sea,  Homer  reciting  to  tlie  Shep- ,  Arezzo,  and  decorated  its  walls  with  frescos, 
herds  (1819);  St.  Louis  visiting  the  Plague-  '  now  destroyed.  Some  panels  by  him  in  the 
Stricken  Soldiers,  Fight  of  the  Thirty  (1822);  public  gallery,  Arezzo,  one  dated  1479,  show 
Clemency  of  Louis  XII.  (1824),  Versailles  careful  and  patient  execution,  but  little  sense 
Museum  ;  Shipwreck  of  a  Fisherman  and  of  colour.  In  1479-8(5  he  was  in  Rome, 
his  Child  (1827);  Bivouac  of  the  National  where  he  worked  in  the  Sistine,  according 

112 


GATTI 

to  Vasari,    with   Signorelli   and    Perugino.  painter,  more  noted  as  an  engraver  and  etcher; 

His  later  pictures,  as,  for  instance,  :i  MH-  pupil  of  Viollet-le-Duc,  with  whom  he  visited 

donna  with  Saints  and  Angels,  in  tlic  Col-  Italy  and  Sicily.  Medals :  3d  class,  1S53 ;  2d 

legate    churcli    at    Castiglioue    Fiorentino,  class,  1X55,    18511,  18(11,    18(!3  ;   L.   of  Hon- 

display  little  power,  though  they  show  that  our,   1SI14.     Works:  Tintoretto's  House  in 

he  had  learned  to  imitate  Signorelli. — C'.  .V:  Venice  (1874);  View  of  Saintes  ;  Evening  at 

C.,  Italy,  iii.  3(!  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  v.  44  ;  Arroinanches  ;  Banks  of  the  Adnur  at  Sun- 

Marchcsi,  2d  ed.,  i.  203.  set  (1875);  St.  1'eter's,  Home  ;  Torcello,  near 

(JATTI,  BEKNAKDO  (Bernardino),  l)orn  Venice   (1*7(1);  dill's  of  Saint-Jouin  (1877, 

at  Cremona  about  14'.)ll    (?),   died  in   1575.  IST'.l);   Tho    Little    Mount    at    Tort  Navalo 

Lombard  school;  called    II   Sojaro   or  Sog-  (l.ST'.l);  (Jorge  of  Arnochat  (1871). —  Bellier 

liaro    (the  cooper)    from  liis    father's   trade,  de    la    Chavignt  He,    i.    (118  ;    Meyer,   Conv. 

Went   early  to  I'arma  to  study  under  Cor-  Lex.,  xvii.  3H7  ;   Miiller.  11(5. 

reggio,  and  became  his  ablest  pupil.      He  <  l.U'DKN'/K)  M IL ANESE.    See  /•;•/•;•</;•/, 

left    numerous  works    in   I'arma,    I'iacen/.a,  (!audcn/io. 

and  Cremona.     In  S.  M.  di  Campagna,  1'ia-  (JAl'DIN,   Fray    Ll'lS    PASCl'AL,   born 

cen/.a,  he   painted  a   fresco,  St.  George  and  at    Villafranea,    Catalonia,    in    15(!li,   died  at 

the  Dragon,  in  competition  with  I'onlenone's  the  Chartreuse  of  Scala  Dei  in  1(121.      Span- 

St.    Augustine,    and   on    the   death   of    that  ish  school.      Uecame  a  Carthusian   monk  in 

painter  was  selected  to  tinish  his  frescos  of    151(5;  adorned   many  chambers  in  his  l i- 

the   Life    of    the    Madonna,  in   the  tribune  asterv,  also  painted                                  1     • 

of  the  churcli.     Lan/.i  praises  his  Miracle  of  for  Ihe  ( Jrand  Char-   I      Jo   (.  (tA/i/V l/Pt 

the    Loaves    and    Fishes,    in    tin;    refectory  (reuse   in   Lorraine,  L     /       /      s-     fj 

of    the    1'adri   Lateranensi,   Cremona;   it  is  for  the    Chartreuse               '     l\3tv 

dated    1552.      He   afterwards   (about     15(10)  of   Seville,   and   a    Last    Supper  and    other 

painted    the    cupola   in    the  Madonna   della  works    for   that    of    1'orlacieli    (Scala    Deil, 

Steccata,    I'arma.     His   Assumption   of    the  near  Valencia. — Stirling,  i.  '2'M. 

Virgin,  in   the    Cathedral  of  Cremona,  his  (JAL'KKMANN,    FKIF.DKICH,    born    at 

last  work,    is    said    to    have    been    painted  Miesenbach,  Nether  Austria,  Sept.  l!U,  1M)7, 

with  his  left   hand,   his   right    having  been  died     in     Vienna,    Julv    7,    lSli'2.       Animal 

paralyzed.     An   Kcce   Homo,   and   a  Cruci-  painter,    son    and    pupil    of   -Jakob  (!.,   but 

tixion,  are  in   the  Naples  Museum. — Vasari,  formed  himself  chiefly  by  copying  old  mas- 

ed.  Mil.,  vi.  41>l!  ;  Lanzi,  ii.  400  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  tei's  in  the   Vienna    galleries  and   studying 

Kcole    lombarde  ;   Vidoni,    1'ittura   Cremo-  nature  during  his  travels  in  1S25-44.     Mem- 

nese  ;  liurckhardt,  701,  7158  ;  Lavice,  20(1  ;  ber  of  Mttni<:h  Academy  in  18:!(>.     He  left 

Lan/.i  (lioscoe),  ii.  400,  4.'i(l.  l.Olit    oil-paintings,   5(11(   drawings,  and  15 

GATTI,    GEKVASIO,    Ijombard    school  unfinished  pictures.     Works  :  Resting  from 

(1578-l(i:Jl).     Nephew    and    pupil  of  Ber-  Labour  in  the  Fields  (1821))  ;  Husbandman 

nardo  Gatti,  from  whom  he  inherited  his  ploughing  (1834),  Vienna  Museum  ;  Wolves 

surname  of  II  Sojaro.     Studied  also  works  and  Bears,  Itocky  View  with  Bears  (18ltl); 

of  Correggio,   and    painted    some    pictures  Vultures  and  Stag,   Bears  with    their  I'rey 

with  much  success  ;  but  he  had  a  deplorable  ( 18152);  Chase,  Rural  Smithy,  Boar  attacked 

facility  of  execution,  and  his  works  are  very  by  Wolves  (18IM);  Stormy  Lake,  Wolves  and 

unequal.     Lanzi  conjectures  that  Uriel  Gat-  Stags  (18155);  Harvest   Scene,    Wild    Boars 

ti,  also  called  II  Sojaro,  was  his  brother. —  (18;{(i);  Dying  Stag  and  Eagle  (1837);  Cat- 

Lanzi,  ii.  431  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Eeolo  lombarde.  tie;  Market  (1838);  Wolves  on  High  liork, 

GAUCHEUEL,    LrX)N,    born    in    Paris,  Harvest  Wagon  in  Storm,  Embarking  of  the 

May  20,  181G.     Landscape  and  architecture  Herd  (183'J);  Hunting  Scene,  The  1'as.seyer 

113 


GAIT  ERM  ANN 

Pass  near  Meran  (1840);  Target  Shooting  in  '  pearing  to  Abraham  (1793),  Louvre;  The 
Tyrol  (1841);  Smithy  in  the  Ramsau  (1842);  (  Shepherd  Faustulus  carrying  Romulus  and 
Zell  am  See  (1843);  Daehstein  and  Gosau  Remus,  Cherbourg  Museum  ;  Roman  Ladies 
Lake.  Hunting  Scene,  Mountain-Path  near  offering  their  Jewels  to  their  Country ; 
Meran  (1844);  Evening,  Chamois  Hunt,  Achilles  recognized  by  Ulysses  ;  Jacob  and 
Poachers  (1845);  Four  Seasons  (1847);  Alp,  :  Rachel  ;  Sacrifice  to  the  Manes  ;  Raising  of 
Ein  Sehill'zug  (1848);  Chamois-Hunt,  Peas-  Lazarus,  Perpignan  Museum;  Seven  in  Mont- 
ant  Horses,  Return  from  Stag-Hunt  (1850);  pellier  Museum  ;  others  in  Marseilles,  Tou- 
Well  in  Tyrol  (1852),  Smithy  in  Salzburg ' 
(1853),  National  Gallery,  Berlin;  Cows, 
Sheep,  and  Horse  in  Shallow  Water,  Lcip- 
sic  Museum ;  Wolves  and  Dead  Horse, 
Htiidel  Gallery,  Frankfort ;  Evening  in  Ty- 
rolesc  Alps,  Stettin  Museum ;  Wolves  and 
Deer,  Wild  Boar  and  Wolf,  South  Kensing- 
ton Museum,  London  ;  On  the  Alter  Lake, 
Cows  and  Sheep  (1858). — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  Ion,  and  Narbonne  Museums,  and  Uffizi, 
viii.  420  ;  Andrcsen,  iii.  1  ;  Brockhaus,  vii.  Florence. — Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Lejeune, 
594  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xix.  335,  517  ;  Dios- '  Guide,  i.  395  ;  iii.  302  ;  Larousse. 
kuren  (1SC2),  242  ;  Eitelberger,  Kunsthist.  I  GAUGENGIGL,  IGNAZ  (MARCEL 
Schr,  i.  1)2;  Wurzbach,  v.  104;  ix.  414  ;  MICHAEL  MARTIN  JOSEPH),  born  in  Pas- 
Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K,  xviii.  137,  177,  251,  282,  sau,  Bavaria,  in  185(!.  Genre  painter,  pupil 

of  the   Munich  Academy  under  Professor 
Raab  and  Wilhelm  Die/..    Removed  to  Amer- 


321 ;  xix.  17G. 

GAUERMANN,  JAKOB.born  at  Oeffingcr, 


Wttrtemberg,  in  1773,  died  in  Vienna,  March  ica  in  1879,  and  settled  in  Boston.     Works 


27,   1843.     Landscape   and   genre   painter, 
pupil  of  Stuttgart  Academy.     After  travel- 


Le  Refugee  (1882),  W.  Weld,  Boston  ;  My 
Studio  (1883),  Henry  S.  Shaw,  ib. ;  Bellissima 


ling  through  Switzerland  in  the  service  of  a  (1883),  Col.  Jonas  H.  French,  ib.  ;  Difficult 
Heilbronn  savant  he  went  to  Vienna  in  1798,  Question  (1884),  Josiah  M.  Fiske,  New  York; 
became  member  of  the  Academy,  and  in  1818  The  Story  (1885),  H.  W.  Rice,  Boston  ;  After 
painter  to  Archduke  John,  for  whom  he  ex-  the  Storm  (1885),  John  A.  Lowell,  ib. ;  On 
ecuted  many  views  in  the  Austrian  Alps,  the  Promenade  (1885),  Willard  White,  ib. 
Works :  Eighty  views  in  Styria  (1811-21), '  GAUL,  GILBERT,  born  in  Jersey  City, 
Archduke  John's  Collection  ;  others  in  Al-  N.  J.,  in  1855.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  J.  G. 
bertina  Collection,  Vienna  Academy,  and  in  Brown  and  of  the  National  Academy.  Exhib- 
private  galleries  of  England. — Allgem.  d.  ited  first  at  National  Academy  in  1872;  elected 
Biogr.,  viii.  422  ;  Andresen,  v.  2G8  ;  Brock-  A.N.A.  in  1880,  N.A.  in  1882.  Works:  In- 
haus,  vii.  594  ;  Wurzbach,  v.  107.  '  dian  Girl,  Coquette  (1880) ;  Old  Beau  (1881); 

GAUFFIER,  LOUIS,  born  at  La  Rochelle  '  Charging  the  Battery,  Stragglers,  News  from 
in  1761,  died  in  Florence,  Oct.  20,  1801.  '  Home  (1882)  ;  Silenced,  Cold  Comfort  on 
History  painter,  pupil  of  Hugucs  Taraval, '  the  Outpost  (1883)  ;  On  the  Look-out,  Gue- 
won  the  grand  prix  de  Rome  in  1784.  He  rillas  returning  from  a  Raid  (1885). 
married  at  Rome  Pauline  Chatillon,  genre  GAUL,  GUSTAV,  born  in  Vienna,  Feb. 
painter,  pupil  of  Drouais,  several  of  whose  C,  1830.  Portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Rahl ; 
pictures  were  engraved  by  Bartolozzi. ;  visited  Germany,  Holland,  France,  and 
Works  :  Abraham  and  the  Angels,  Alexander  Italy  ;  studied  especially  Rubens  and  Rem- 
and HepLuestion  (1789);  Cornelia  Mother  of  brandt  and  the  old  Venetian  masters, 
the  Gracchi  (1792),  Three  Young  Men  ap- !  Works :  Portraits  of  Sophie  Schroder  (I860) 

114 


GAl'LLI 


and  other  celebrities  of  the  stage,  of  Louis 
Spoil r,  Bogumil  Goltz,  Professors  Skoda 
nnd  Hvrtl  ;  Procession  of  Bacchus  and 
Scenes  from  Myths  of  Cupid,  Psyche,  nnd 
Venus,  Palais  Todesco,  Vienna ;  Scenes  from 
Legends  of  Austria,  Villa  Wanda,  near 
Gmundcn  ;  Francesca  and  Paolo,  Cologne 
Museum;  Head  of  Spanish  Woman,  Female 
Portrait,  Male  Portrait  (188;$). 

GAULLI.      See  Jlaffim'ii. 

GAUTHEUOT,  CLAUDE,  born  in  Paris 
in  17(5!',  died  in  1825.  History  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  David  ;  acquired  great 
perfection  in  the  representation  of  pathetic, 
subjects.  Works  :  Portrait  of  Marshal  Da- 
voust,  Ttiileries,  Paris  ;  Napoleon  on  the 
Bridge  of  Lech  (1808),  Versailles  Museum  ; 
Miirius  at  Minturn.-e  (1791!)  ;  Pyramns  and 
Tliisbe  (170!)),  Melun  Museum  ;' do.  (1800); 
Burial  of  Atala  (1802)  ;  Xapoleon  wounded 
at  Hatisbon,  Interview  at  Tilsit  (1810). 

GAUTIER,  AMAXD,  born  at  Lille,  June 
1'.),  18-2.").  (ienre  anil  portrait  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Souclion  and  of  Cogniet.  Medal,  3d 
class,  1882.  Works:  Sisters  of  Charity 
(185!));  After  Mass  (18(17);  Councillor 
Krespel,  Sunday  Morning  (18G8)  ;  Surprised 
at  the  Bath  (1874j  ;  Prisoner  (1875);  Re- 
fectory  (1878);  The  Republic  (1879)  ;  Re- 
heai-sal  at  the  Convent  (1880)  ;  Casting  the 
Net,  Washing  at  the  Convent  (1881)  ;  Indo- 
lence (1882)  ;  Portrait  of  the  painter  Diane, 
Medical  Lady  Student  (1885). 

GAUTIER,  ETIENNE,  born  at  Mar- 
seilles ;  contemporary.  History,  genre,  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Chantigny.  Medals  : 
2d  class,  1873  ;  1st  class,  1878  ;  L.  of  Hon- 
our, 1871.  Works  :  Money-Changer,  Study 
(18G7) ;  St.  Sebastian  (18G9)  ;  St.  George 
(1873)  ;  St.  Cecilia  (1878). 

GAVAGNIN,  LEONARDO,  born  in  Ven- 
ice in  1809.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Venice 
Academy  under  Politi,  formed  himself  after 
the  great  Venetian  masters,  and  became 
professor  at  the  Collegio  Raffitele,  Venice. 
Works  :  The  Lord  appearing  to  Abraham, 
Mecliitarists,  Venice  ;  St.  Anthony  of  Padua, 
S.  Giacouio,  ib. ;  St.  Sergius,  Greek  Church, 


ib. ;  Queen  of  Cyprus,  Girolamo  Contarini, 
Venice  Academy  ;  Fugitives  of  Pargha  bless- 
ing the  Remains  of  their  Fathers  ;  Marco 
Polo  in  Prison  at  Genoa  ;  Ali  Pasha  of  Ja- 
nina. — Wurzbach,  v.  111. 

GAVARXI,  PIERRE,  born  in  Paris;  con- 
temporary. Genre  and  animal  painter,  pu- 
pil (if  Froinentin  and  of  Busson.  Medal, 
lid  class,  1874.  Works:  Wedding  at  the 
Madeleine  (1874)  ;  Repose  (1875)  ;  Wedding 
in  Paris,  Diplomatic  Dinner  (187(1)  ;  An- 
dromeda, Stand  in  a  Riding  School  (1X79)  ; 
Steeple-chase  (1881);  Promenade  (18X2)  ; 
Corner  on  the  Beach  (1X8:5)  ;  Steeple-chase 
at  Saint-Ouen  (18X5). 

(i.VY.  EDWARD,  born  in  Ireland  in  lx:!7. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  James  Hart  in 
Albany,  X.  Y.,  in  18(12  (17  ;  studied  in  Ger- 
many, under  Schirmer  in  Carlsruhe,  and 
Lessing  in  Diisseldorf.  Elected  an  A.N.A. 
in  1X70.  Studio  at  Ml.  Vernon,  N.  Y. 
Works  in  oil  :  Alt.  Wasser,  1)  J.  Lathrop, 
Albany;  Suburbs;  Twin  Lukes;  Muhawk 
Valley  Home  ;  Late  Afternoon  near  Albany 
(I87(i);  Last  Load — Harvest  Time  (1878); 
(lathering  the  Leaves  (1880)  ;  Old  Estate 
(18X1);  Banks  of  the  Thames  (1882)  ;  On 
the  Sogne  Fjord — Norway,  Gulden  Grain 
(188.'i)  ;  Norwegian  Scene  (1X8J).  Water- 
colours:  Foggy  Morning  by  the  Lake 
(187(!)  ;  Sin-ing  Morning  (1X77)  ;  Waving 
Grain,  Riverside,  Haymaking  (1X81);  live 
Fields  in  early  June,  Hill-side,  Oyster  Beds 
inPelham  Bay,  Salt  Marshes  (1XX5). 

GAY,  WALTER,  born  in  Massachusetts; 
contemporary.  Genre  painter,  nephew  of 
William  Allan  Gav,  pupil  of  Bonnat  in  Paris 
in  1X7!!.  Has  exhibited  in  Boston,  Phila- 
delphia, and  Paris.  Honourable  mention, 
Paris  Salon,  1885.  Works:  Fall  Flowers 
(1870)  ;  Landscape,  Past  Asleep,  Unsuccess- 
ful Musician  (1878)  ;  Conspiracy  under 
Louis  XVI.,  Armourer  (1883)  ;  The  Appren- 
tice, The  Cabbages  (1884)  ;  Spinners,  No- 
vember, The  Tailor  (1885). 

GAY,  WILLIAM  ALLAX,  Ixirn  in  Mas- 
sachusetts in  1821.  landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  R  W.  Weir  at  West  Point  and  of 


us 


GEBAUER 


Troyon  in  Paris,  where  and  in  Italy  lie  spent 
several  years.  Has  travelled  much  in  Eu- 
rope and  the  East.  Works  :  Mackerel  Fleet 
off  Beverly  Coast,  Harbour  Bar  at  Cape  Ann 
(18(59);  Palazzo  Ducale  at  Venice  (1875) ; 
Windmills  at  Delfthaven  (187G);  Forest  Sanc- 
tuary (187S) ;  Minieh  on  the  Nile  (1S79). 

GEBAUER,  CHRISTIAN  DAVID,  born 
at  Neusalx,  Silesia,  Oct.  15,  1777,  died  at 
Aarhus,  Jutland,  Sept.  15,  1S31.  Animal 
painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen  Academy  and 
of  Loront/en  ;  went  to  Dresden  in  1813, 
where  lie  painted  military  scenes,  and  espe- 
cially illustrated  Cossack  life.  Visited  Ger- 
many in  1827,  and  afterwards  established  a 
school  of  drawing  at  Aarhus.  "Works  :  The 
Stud  (1807);  Horse  Fair  ( 1810)  ;  Stags  light- 
ing (1823),  Landscape  witli  Cattle  (1824), 
Bull  and  Cow,  Sleighing  near  Munich 
(1H28),  Copenhagen  Gallery. — "Wcilbaeh. 
GEBHAHDT,  EDUARD  VOX,  born  at, 
St.  Johannis,  Esth- 
land,  June  1  (13), 
1838.  History  paint- 
er, pupil  of  St.  Peters- 1 
burg  Academy  under 
Lessing,  and  of  Carls-  > 
ruhe  Art  Scliool,  then 
in  Diisseldorf  under 
Wilhelm  Sohn;  trav- 
elled throiighEurope, 
and  settled  at  Diissel- 
dorf, where  he  became 

professor  at  the  Academy  in  1873.  Mem- 
ber of  Munich  and  Berlin  Academies.  Gold 
medal,  Berlin,  1872  ;  Medal,  Vienna,  1873. 
Works:  Christ's  Entry  into  Jerusalem  ( 1803 ) ; 
Raising  of  Jairus'  Daughter  (18(54)  ;  Dives 
and  Lazarus  (18G5) ;  Christ  on  the  Cross 
(1806),  Cathedral,  Reval ;  Religious  Conver- 
sation (1800) ;  Vibrations  of  the  Pendulum  ; 
The  Brothers  van  Eyck  ;  Last  Supper  (1870), 
National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Descent  from  the 
Cross  (1872);  Ecce  Homo,  Crucifixion  (1873), 
Kunsthalle,  Hamburg ;  Disciples  at  Einmaus 
(1870)  ;  Reformer  at  Work  (1877),  Leipsic 
Museum  ;  Old  German  Housewife  (1879) ; 
Ascension,  Christ  walking  on  the  Sea  (1881)  ; 


The  Convent  Scholars  (1882) ;  Pieta,  Cruci- 
fixion (1884).— Brockhaus,  vii.  013  ;  Miiller, 
190  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  vii.  405  ;  xix.  35,  128  ; 
Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  vii.  301  ;  Westermanu's 
Monatshefte,  li.  279. 

GEBHARDT,  LUDWIG,  born  in  Munich, 
July  20,  1830.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of 
Munich  Academy,  then  studied  from  nature 
in  the  Bavarian  Alps  and  in  North  Italy. 
Works  :  Ammerland  on  Lake  Starnberg,  St. 
Bartholomew  on  the  Konigsee,  View  on  Lake 
Constance,  Lcutstetten  with  Lake  Starnberg, 
Upper  Isar  Valley,  Mountains  by  Moonlight, 
View  in  filler  Valley.— Miiller,  197. 

GEBLER,  FRIEDRICH  OTTO,  born  in 
Dresden,  Sept.  18,  1838.  Animal  painter, 
pupil  of  Dresden  Academy,  then  in  Munich 
of  Piloty.  Rivals  the  old  Dutch  masters  in 
his  finely-painted  and  humourous  pictures. 
Medals  in  Berlin  (1874)  and  Munich  (1883). 
Works  :  Rest  in  the  Wood  at  Noon,  Obsti- 
nate Sheep,  Disturbed  Domestic  Peace 
(1803);  Spoiled  Repast,  Sheepfold  (1870); 
Poodle  as  Watchman  in  Sheepfold  (1873); 
Art-Critics  in  the  Stable  (1873),  Sheep  and 
Spaniel  (1878),  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ; 
Visit  to  the  Stable  (1870);  Sheep  returning 
before  Storm,  Expectation,  Two  Poachers 
(1880),  Dresden  Gallery;  Reynard's  End 
(1883),  New  Piuakothck,  Munich.— Illustr. 
Zeitg.  (1884),  i.  90  ;  Miiller,  197  ;  Meyer, 
Conv.  Lex.,  xxi.  309. 

GEDDES,  ANDREW,  born  in  Edinburgh 
in  1789,  died  in  London,  May  5,  1844.  Por- 
trait and  subject  painter  ;  pupil  in  1807  of 
the  Royal  Academy,  where  he  exhibited  in 
1810  his  Draught-Players.  Then  spent  four 
years  at  Edinburgh  painting  portraits.  Vis- 
ited Paris  in  1815,  Italy  in  1828,  and  Hol- 
land in  1839.  Returned  to  England  in  1831, 

and  was  elect- 
ed an  A.R.A. 
in  1832.  He 
was  a  good 
etcher,  par- 
ticularly of 
portraits.  Works  :  Discovery  of  the  Scot- 
tish Regalia  (1821);  Christ  and  the  Woman 


116 


GEEFS 

of  Samaria  (1832);  Devotion;  Dull  Reading,  gory,  Hague  Museum  ;  Children  with  Goat, 

National    Gallery,     London.  -     Redgrave  ;  Lille    Museum  ;    Cupid    and    Psvehe    with 

Sandby,  ii.  210;  Art  Union  Journal,  Sept.,  Genii,  Imitation  of  an  allegorical  Bas-relief 

1844  ;  Cat.  Nat.  Gal.  (1775),   Museum,   Vienna;  Four  Bas-reliefs 

GEEFS,    FANNY  (Isabellc  Marie  Fran-  (two  dated  1752,  175:i),  Liechtenstein  Gal- 

(,-oise  Corr),  born  in  Brussels  in  1814.     His-  lery,    ib.  —  Cat.   du  Musce  d'Anvers  (1S74), 

tory,  genre,  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  ITS;  Kramni,  ii.  542  ;  Rooses  (Reber),  441 ; 

Nave/;  wife  of  the  sculptor  Willem  Geefs.  Van  den  Branden,  1215. 
Medals  in  Paris  (lid  class,   184:(  ;  2d  class,        (iF.KHAKTS   (darrard,    Gheeraerts,    (!.'•- 

1845),  Tlie  Hague,  Met/.,  Ghent,  and  D.iuai.  rani),  MAKCl'S,  the  elder,  born  in  Bruges, 

Works:  Sailor's    Daughter    (18155);    Young  first  half  of    l<Jth   centurv,  died    in    London 

Girl    accompanying   her  Sister   to  Church,  before  1(501.      Flemish  school  ;  history,  por- 

Madonna,  Castellan  of  Cri'Ve-Coour  (iNiili);  trait,  and  landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Martin 

St.    Cecilia    (18:57);    Hagar    in    (lie    Desert  de  Yos ;    held   some  ollice  in  the  guild  of 

(1840);  Christ  appearing  to  Disciples,  Vir-  Bruges  in  1558,  and  was  entered    as  master 

gill  consoling  the  Afflicted,  St.  John's  Hos-  of  the  guild  of  Antwerp   in  1577  ;  settled  in 

pital,  Brussels  ;  Bianca  on  the  Shore  ;  ( )phe-  England  and  became  court-painter  to  Queen 

lia  ;  Young  Mother;  First   Lesson;   Return  Elizabeth   in    1571,  but   was   in    Antwerp  in 

Home. — Immer/eel,  i.  2U5  ;  Kramm,  ii.  5:!(>  ;  1585  Mi.      His  paintings  are  greatly  valued. 

M filler,  l'.)7.  Works:     Descent     from     the    Cross,     Notre 

GEEL,  JOOST  VAN,  born  in  Rotterdam  D.ime,  Bruges;   Portraits  of  Mary  Countess 

in  Kilil,  died  in  1(>!(8.      Dutch  school  ;  genre  of   Pembroke,  Lord    Bnrghlcy.  and  William 

and  portrait  painter  in   the  style  of  Gabriel  Caniden,  National  Portrait  Gallery,  London  ; 

Met/u.    wherefore  lie   is  thought  to  be   his  Portraits  of  Queen  Eli/.abetli.  Lord  Burgli- 

]>uj)il.      Travelled   in  France,  (iermanv,  and  ley,  and  Earl  of  Essex,  Bnrghley  House  ( 'ol- 

England,  where  he  was  patroni/.ed  by  (,'rom-  lection;  Male  and    Female  Portrait,  Vienna 

well.      Works;  Museum;   Procession  of  Quc<  11  Kli/abt  th  to 

Portrait    of   *J  -^  Blackfriars  in  KiOll.     Allgeni.  d.  Biogr..  viii. 

himself,       S    J  f  I'.ll  ;   Biog.  nat.  de   Belgicjue,   vii.   550;   1m- 

Anisterdam      O^CLsf\.        ^70  £  f  nier/.eel,  i.  270;    Kramni.  ii.  512. 
Museum;   A                              ^  GKERARTS,     MARCl'S,     the    young.-r, 

Concert,  Her-  ^J& Ctft"  born  in  Bruges  in  15(51,  died  in  London  in 

initage,   St.  l(i:!5.      Flemisli    school;    history    and    jior- 

Petersburg  ;  Rendez-vous  of  Smugglers,  His-  trait  painter,  son  of  Marcus  the  elder,  whom 

torical    Society,   New   York. — Immerzeel,  i.  he  followed  to  England  after   15Sn,  and  l>e- 

2(>'.(  ;  Kramni,  ii.  541.  came  court-painter  to  Elizabeth  and   after- 

GEERAERTS,  MARTIN  JOSEPH,  born  wards  to  Queen  Anne.     Works:  Procession 

in   Antwerp,    baptized   April    7,    1707,   died  of  Queen  and  Knights  of  the  <  larter  ( 1584  I; 

there,  Feb.  1(5,  171(1.     Flemisli  school.     DCS-  Portrait  of   Elizabeth,   Lord   Darnley's  Col- 

tined  to  be  a  merchant,  but  early  showed  lection;  do.,  and  portraits  of  Lords  Burleigh 

such  talent  that  he  was  apprenticed  toAbra-  and  Essex,  Marquis  of  Exeter's  Collection. 

ham  Godyn,  where  he  soon  became  an  able  — Allgeni.    d.     Biogr..    viii.     4112  ;    Kugler 

master.      Excelled    in    grisaille,     imitating  (Crowe),  i.  255  ;  Kramm,  ii.  515. 
sculpture.     In    1741    he   l>ecanie   professor       GEERTGF.N  VAN  (or  tot),  SINT-JANS 

and    director    of    the    Antwerp   Academy.  (Gerrit  van  Haarlem),  second  half  of  15th 

Works-    The   Fine    Arts    (17(50),    Antwerp  century    (14(50  88?).  died    at    Haarlem   <?), 

Museum  ;   Seven  Biblical  Subjects  in  Bas-  aged    28.      Dutch    school  ;    history  painter, 

relief,  Brussels  Museum  ;  Autumn,  an  alle-  supposed    pupil    of    Albert   van    Ouwattr. 


GEERTZ 


Lived  with  the  knights  of  St.  John  at  Haar- 
lem, and  hence  was  called  Geertgen  tot  Sint 
Jans,  although  not  of  their  order  and  prob- 
ably a  native  of  Leytlen.  He  painted  for 
the  church  of  the  order  an  altarpiece,  two 
wings  of  which  are  preserved  in  the  Vienna 
Museum,  one  a  Pieta,  the  other  representing 
the  Legend  of  the  bones  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist.  Other  works  attributed  to  him  are  : 
Scene  from  the  Legend  of  St.  Lucy,  in  the 
Lippmann  Collection  at  Vienna  ;  View  of 
Haarlem  Cathedral,  in  that  edifice  ;  Crucifix- 
ion, in  the  Galleria  Estense  at  Modena.  Dr. 
"Bode  is  inclined  to  assign  to  this  master  also 
an  Adoration  of  the  Magi  in  the  Prague  Gal- 
lery, the  Expiatory  Offering  in  the  Amster- 
dam Museum,  and  Christ  in  the  Tomb  sur- 
rounded by  the  Instruments  of  the  Passion 
in  the  Archiepiscopal  Museum  at  Utrecht. 
— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  261  ;  Bode,  Studien, 
(5 ;  C  it  C.,  Flemish  Painters,  248  ;  Dohme, 
li.;  Kramm,  ii.  516  ;  Kugler  (Crowe),  i.  01  ; 
Riegel,  Beitriige,  i.  59. 

GEKRTZ,  JULIUS,  born  in  Hamburg, 
April  21,  1837.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  in  Ham- 
burg of  the  brothers 
Gensler,  then  in  185(5- 
00  of  the  Carlsruhe  Art 
School  under  Des  Cou- 
dres,  and,  after  a  short 
stay  in  Munich,  of  Ru- 
dolph Jordan  in  Diissel- 
dorf  ;  studied  in  18(54  in 
Paris,  visited  Brittany 
and  Holland,  and  settled  in  Diisseldorf. 
Works  :  Sour  and  Sweet,  Maternal  Joy,  The 
Student  (1807) ;  Disturbing  Return  Home, 
Consequences  of  School-Arrest,  Shut  In, 
Watch  on  the  Rhine  (1870) ;  Prisoners  of 
War,  At  the  Menagerie,  Criminal  after  Sen- 
tence (1873)  ;  Organ  Grinder,  Last  Orna- 
ment (1874)  ;  Catching  Flies,  Girl  with 
Bird's  Nest,  Capitulation  (1876)  ;  Beggar's 
Penny  (1877).—  Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1874),  i.  79  ; 
(1875),  i.  187  ;  Kunst-Chrouik,  ix.  342  ; 
Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K,  vi.  149. 

GEFFROY,    EDMOND    AIMti    FLOR- 


ENTIN,  born  at  Maignelay  (Oise),  July  29, 
1804.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Amaury- 
Duval.  Educated  a  lawyer,  but  married  an 
actress  and  went  on  the  stage.  Though  he 
had  considerable  success  as  a  painter,  he  is 
best  known  as  an  actor.  Medals  :  3d  class, 
1840  ;  2d  class,  1841  and  1857.  Works  : 
Virgin  and  Child  ;  Pierre  Corneille  ;  The 
Actor  Mirecourt  (1840)  ;  The  Members  of 
the  Comudie  Fran<;aise  (1841),  Coim'die 
Fran(;aise  ;  Ariadne  and  Theseus  (1844)  ; 
MoliiTe  and  his  Characters  (1857) ;  Sgan- 
arello  in  the  School  for  Husbands  (1863)  ; 
Members  of  the  Comedie  Franyaise  (1864)  ; 
Hylas  (1868).— Larousse. 

'GEGENBAUR,  JOSEF  ANTON  VON, 

born  at  Wangen,  Wriirtemberg,  March  0, 
1800,  died  in  Rome,  Jan.  31,  1876.  History 
painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy  under 
Robert  von  Langer.  Studied  in  Rome,  espe- 
cially after  Raphael,  in  1823-26,  and  after  his 
return  was  appointed  court-painter  to  the 
1  King  of  Wiirtemberg,  for  whom  (1836-54) 
he  decorated  the  royal  palace  in  Stuttgart 
with  frescos  from  Wiirtemberg  history. 
Works  :  St.  Sebastian  (1820)  ;  Two  Shep- 
herds, First  Parents  after  Loss  of  Paradise, 
Moses  striking  the  Rock  (1823-20),  Royal 
Palace,  Stuttgart ;  Hercules  and  Omphale, 
Stuttgart  Gallery  ;  Cupid  and  Psyche,  As- 
sumption, Madonna,  Aphrodite,  Crucifixion 
(1829  -35)  ;  Sleeping  Venus  and  two  Satyrs, 
Leda,  several  Aphrodites  and  Madonnas, 
Portraits  (1836-50)  ;  Apollo  and  Muses, 
Bacchus  and  Ariadne,  Venus  and  Cupid, 
Ceres  and  Jason,  TEolus  and  yEola,  Pluto 
and  Proserpine,  Neptune  and  Thetis,  Genii 
and  Amorettes  (all  1800),  Royal  Palace, 
Stuttgart.  Frescos  :  Hercules  and  Omphale 
(1826),  Thorwaldsen  Museum,  Copenhagen  ; 
Jupiter  giving  Immortality  to  Psyche,  Mar- 
riage of  Cupid  and  Psyche,  Four  scenes 
from  Life  of  Psyche,  Four  Seasons,  Aurora 
(all  in  1826-29),  Villa  Rosenstein  ;  Sixteen 
scenes  from  History  of  Wiirtemberg  (1836- 
54),  Royal  Palace,  Stuttgart. — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  viii.  495  ;  Brockhaus,  vii.  652  ; 
Kuust-Chronik,  xi.  349 ;  Reber-Pecht,  ii.  229. 


118 


GEGERFELT 


GEGERFELT,  WILHELM  VOX,  horn  in 
Gothenburg,  Sweden;  contemporary.  Land- 
scape painter,  meinbcr  of  Stockholm  Acad- 
emy ;  studio  in  Paris.  Works  :  'Wood  in 
Winter ;  Snow  Landscape  in  Sweden  ;  By 
the  Sea ;  Return  of  Fishermen  :  Swedish 
Village  ;  Landscape  in  Holland  (1877) ;  View 
on  Coast  of  Normandy  (1878)  ;  Winter 
Evening  in  Sweden,  Sunset  in  Waxholm — 
Sweden,  Dutch  Marine  View  (188.'!) ;  Village 
in  Dalec-arlia  (1884)  ;  Winter  Night  near 
Siljan  (1885). 

GEIGER,  KARL,  born  in  Vienna,  Dec1. 
14,  1822.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna 
Academy  under  Fuhrich,  attracted  attention 
by  his  talent  for  composition  when  only 
thirteen,  was  afterwards  much  influenced  by 
Kaulhach.  Works  :  Altai-pieces  in  St.  Ste- 
phen's, Vienna  ;  Allegorical  Paintings  in  Pal- 
aces of  Duke  of  Coburg  and  Prince  Kinsley, 
and  Hotel  Imperial,  ib. — Brockhaus,  vii. 
082  ;  Wurzbai-h,  v.  122. 

GEIGER,  PETER  JOHANN  NEPOMUK, 
born  in  Vienna,  Jan.  11,  1805,  died  there, 
Oct.  21),  1880.  History  painter,  pupil  of 
Vienna  Academy,  but  formed  himself  chiefly 
by  studying  the  old  masters.  In  1850  he 
accompanied  the  Archduke  Ferdinand  Max; 
to  the  East.  Was  professor  at  the  Vienna 
Academy  from  1853  to  1871.  Although  lit- 
tle known  to  the  public  at  large,  he  ranks 
among  the  most  excellent  artists  of  Austria. 
Works  :  Storming  of  Malborghetto,  Battle 
of  Lilt/en,  Battle  on  the  Iselberg,  Entry  of 
Archduke  Leopold  into  Brussels,  collection 
of  Emperor  of  Austria  ;  Slave  Market  in 
Smyrna,  Banquet  at  a  Pasha's,  A  Ferry, 
Castle  Miramar,  near  Trieste. — Brockhaus, 
vii.  G82  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xvi.  182  ;  Wurz- 
bach,  v.  123. 

GEIRNAERT,  JOZEF,  bom  at  Eecloo, 
East  Flanders,  Aug.  27,  1790,  died  in  Ghent, 
March  20,  185'J.  Flemish  school ;  history, 
genre,  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Ghent 
Academy  and  in  Antwerp  of  Herreynn,  and 
then  in  Ghent  of  Paelinck  ;  obtained  the 
first  prize  in  1818,  and  a  gold  medal  in 
Paris  in  1835.  Works :  Warrior  bringing 


to  his  Family  the  Saver  of  his  Life  (1818)  ; 
Harp  Lesson  (1820),  Seizure  for  Debt 
( 1835),  Ghent  Museum  ;  Consultation  at  the 
Doctor's,  Brussels  Museum  ;  The  School- 
master, Mechlin  Museum  ;  Doctor's  Visit, 
Haarlem  Museum  ;  Proposal;  Card-Players; 
Painter's  Studio;  Peasant  Women  Resting; 
Little  Fruit-Thieves  ;  Return  from  Kirmess; 
Children  blowing  Soap-Bubbles  ;  Bride  and 
Bridegroom  ;  Return  of  Fisherman  ;  Capture 
of  Count  Egmont  (1823)  ;  Diirer  visiting 
Grave  of  Hubert  van  Eyek  ;  Jan  Steen  and 
van  (ioyen;  Maria  Theresa  visiting  a  Poor 
Woman  (1837).  —  Biog.  nat.  de  IIelgi<|iie, 
vii.  557  ;  Immerzeel,  i.  272  ;  Kramm,  ii. 
554. 

GEIST,  AUGUST  CHRISTIAN',  born  in 
Wiirzburg,  Oct.  15,  1835,  died  in  Munich, 
Dec.  15,  l8licS.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of 
his  father,  Andreas  (died  1SI50),  and  in  Mu- 
nich of  Fritz  Bamberger.  On  Ins  return 
from  Italy,  in  May,  18(17,  he  settled  at  Mu- 
nich. Works:  Ideal  Landscape  (I85(i); 
View  near  Polling  (1857);  View  in  Khi'>n 
Mountains,  View  near  Miltenbcrg  (1857 
58),  Munich  Art  Fnion  ;  Rh'">n  Landscape 
(IS(iO)  ;  Idyl  (I8fill,  Wiesbaden  Gallery; 
Rainy  Day  (18(il),  Sunday  Morning  on 
Kochel  Lake  (18(13),  Cologne  Art  Union  ; 
View  in  Tyrol  Mountains  ( 18(!2)  ;  Evening 
on  the  Main  (18(53)  ;  Lonely  Mountain-Lake. 
View  in  Franconian  Switzerland  (l*(il); 
View  in  the  Campagna  (I860),  Ruins  of 
Theatre  in  Tusculum,  Ravine  near  Tivoli 
(18(>7),  Ruins  of  Aqueduct  in  Campagna 
(18(!8),  Munich  Art  Union  ;  Italian  Land- 
scape (18(J7),  Wiirzbach  Art  Union. — Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,viii.  528;  Andresen,  iii.  207;  Kunts- 
Chronik,  iv.  142  ;  Regnet,  i.  148  ;  /eitschr. 
f.  b.  K.,  vii.  11)7. 

GELDER,  ARENT  or  AART  DE,  born 
at  Dordrecht  in  1(545,  died  there,  or  in  Am- 
sterdam, in  1727.  Dutch  school  ;  history 
and  portrait  painter,  pupils  of  Samuel  van 
Hoogstraten,  then  for  two  years  (10(55-(57) 
of  Rembrandt,  whose  manner  he  closely 
followed.  He  was  a  fine  eolourist,  fond  of 
picturesque  effects,  and  had  a  broad  and 


GELDORP 


masterly  touch.  Works  :  Portrait,  of  Peter 
the  Groat,  Judah  and  Tliainar,  National  Mu- 
seum, Amsterdam  ;  An  Eastern  Prince  (1G85), 
Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Simeon  in  the  Temple, 
Darmstadt  Gallery  ;  Portrait  of  Old  Woman 
(1085).  Sti'ulel  Gallery,  Frankfort;  Jewish 
Bride,  Study  for  Portrait  of  Old  Man,  Old 
Pinakothek,  Munich ;  Ecce  Homo  (1071), 
Dresden  ( iallery;  Judah  and  Thamar,  Vienna 
Academy  ;  Male  Portrait,  Liechtenstein  Gal- 
lery, Vienna  ;  Portrait  of  a  Dutch  Admiral, 
New  York  Museum  ;  Twenty-two  Scenes 
from  Christ's  Passion. — Iminer/eel,  i.  273  ; 
Krainin,  ii.  555  ;  De  Stiu  rs,  333  ;  Vosmaer, 
318. 

( 1ELDORP  (Gualdorp).  GOUT/JUS,  horn 
at  Louvain  in  155.'!,  died  in  Cologne  in 
1(516  or  1018,  Flemish  school  ;  history  and 
portrait,  painter,  pupil  in  Antwerp  of  Frans 
Francken  the  elder,  afterwards  of  Frans 
Pourbus  the  elder.  Entered  the  service  of 
the  Duke  of  Terra  Nova,  with  whom  he 
went  to  Cologne  in  1571).  His  portraits  are 
lively  in  conception,  expressive,  and  finely 
coloured  ;  pictures  mostly  painted  on  wood. 
Works :  Portrait  of  Jansenius,  Aremberg 
Gallery,  Brussels  ;  Christ  on  the  Cross, 
Penitent  Magdalen,  Madonna  (?),  Portraits 
of  Husband  and  Wife  (1572),  Male  Portrait 
(Kill)),  eight  others,  Cologne  Museum  ; 
Male  Portrait  (Kill),  Weimar  Museum  ;  do. 
(102S),  and  Female  Portrait,  Schwerin  Gal- 
lery ;  Lucretia,  Male  Portrait,  Hermitage, 
St.  Petersburg  ;  Portraits  in  Augsburg  Gal- 
lery, Brera,  Milan,  Darmstadt  ('2),  Gotha  (4), 
and  Vienna  Museums.  His  son,  Melchior 
Geldorp  (nourished  1020-40),  also  painted 
history  and  portraits. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr., 
viii.  5:!1  ;  Biog.  nat.  de  Belgique,  vii.  503  ; 
Kramm,  ii.  558  ;  Merlo,  128. 

GKLIBERT,  JULES  BERTRAND,  born 
at  BagiuTcs-de-Bigorre  (Hautes-Pyrenees), 
Nov.  20,  1834.  Animal  painter,  pupil  of 
his  father  and  of  Toulouse  Academy  under 
Griffoul-Dorval.  Medal,  1809;  2d  class, 
1883.  Works:  Wolf  attacked  by  Dogs, 
Rallye-Sivry !  (1809);  Exit  from  Kennel 
(1872);  After  the  Hunt  in  Fontaiuebleau 


Forest  (1873);  Swamp  near  Belle  Croix 
(1874);  Young  Hounds  in  the  Thicket ; 
Hunting  Episode  in  Scotland,  New  Ac- 
quaintances (1875);  Sweet  Repose  (1878); 
Stag  beating  the  Water,  The  Victors  (1880); 
Rendez-vous,  A  First  Experience  (1881); 
Taken,  In  a  Mass  (1882);  Wounded,  Alert 
(1S83);  Limehounds,  Ready  to  Start  (1884); 
Capture  of  a  Young  WTolf,  Hearing  the  Dogs 
Attack  (1885). — Bellier  de  la  Chaviguerie, 
i.  029. 

GELLKE.     See  Ctnuilc  Lorrain. 

GEMMEL,  HERMANN,  born  at  Barten, 
East  Prussia,  in  1814,  died  in  Konigsberg, 
March  22,  1808.  Architecture  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Bierinann  and  of  W.  Schirmer,  be- 
came professor  at  the  Konigsberg  Academy 
in  1S45,  and  visited  Italy  in  1850  and  1855. 
Works :  Family  Hall  in  Medi;eval  Castle 
(1855);  Chapel  of  Cardinal  Zeuo  in  St. 
Mark's  ;  Baptistery  in  St.  Mark's,  Venice. — 
Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  viii.  550 ;  Dioskuren, 
18(iS,  127  ;  Brockhaus,  vii.  741. 

GKNDRON,  AL'GUSTE,  born  in  Paris, 
March  17,  1817,  died  there,  July  23,  1881. 
History  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Dela- 
roche,  studied  for  several  years  in  Italy 
after  the  old  masters,  to  the  detriment  of 
his  originality,  and  returned  to  Paris  about 
1847.  Decorated  St.  Gervais,  the  Louvre, 
Palais  dc  Justice,  Hotel  Pereire.  Medals: 
3d  class,  1840,  1855  ;  2d  class,  1849  ;  L.  of 
Honour,  1855.  Works :  The  Willis  and 
Sylphids  (1844);  Boccaccio  commenting 
upon  Dante  (1845);  The  Hone  and  Nereids 
(1840);  St.  Catherine  buried  by  Angels, 
After  Death  (1847);  Isle  of  Cythera,  Aulic 
Scene  (1848);  Young  Christian  Girl  con- 
verting her  Lover  (1849);  Human  Sacrifice 
by  the  Druids  (1850),  Nimes  Museum  ;  Ve- 
netian Fantasy  (1850);  Tiberius  on  Isle  of 
Capri  (1852),  Marseilles  Museum  ;  Autumn 
Evening  (1853);  Florentine  Sunday  in  15th 
Century  (1855),  formerly  in  Luxembourg 
Museum  ;  Burial  of  Young  Venetian  Lady 
(1859);  St.  Catherine  of  Alexandria  (1803); 
Nymphs  at  the  Grave  of  Adonis  (1804);  Ti- 
berius at  Capri,  Marseilles  Museum  ;  Man 


fc'. 


GKNKU.I 


between  two  Ages,  ami  his  Two  Mistresses, 
TLe  Foolish  Virgins  (1878);  Landscape  in 
Tuscany,  Sacrifice  to  vEseulapius  (187")): 
Tribute  of  Athens  to  Minotaur  (187(!);  M. 
Purgon  arrive  mol-a-propos  (1H77).  —  La- 
rousse,  viii.  1130  ;  Meyer,  Geseh.,  <>05  ;  Mul- 
ler,  l!l!)  ;  Revue  des  B.  Arts  (1859),  ii. 

GEXELLI,  BONAVEXTUKA,  born  in 
Berlin,  Sept.  28, 
1708,  .lied  in  Wei- 
mar, Nov.  13,  1H(!8. 
History  painter, 
pupil  of  Berlin 
Academy  under  the 
in  Hue  nee  of  his 
uncle,  the  architect 
Hans  Christian  Ge 
nt'lli.  Lived  from 
1822  to  18152  in 
Koine,  and  was  much  influenced  by  Cars- 
tens,  Koch,  and  Thorwaldsen.  In  IKiJIJ  lie 
removed  from  Leipsic  to  Munich,  and  in 
18.1!)  to  Weimar  by  invitation  of  the  (irand 
Duke.  One  of  the  most  ingenious  designers 
of  modern  times.  Weimar  Order  of  Falcon, 
18(!2.  Member  of  Vienna  Academy,  1808. 
Works:  Triumph  of  Bacchus  and  Ariadne 
(water-colour),  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Hercules 
playing  tin;  Lyre  ;  Eliezar  and  Rebekah  ; 
Jason  and  Medea  robbing  the  Golden  Fleece  ; 
Life  of  a  Libertine  (18);  Illustrations  to  Ho- 
mer (49);  Life  of  a  Witch  (10);  Illustrations  to 
Dante  (3(i);  Life  of  an  Artist ;  ..Esop  telling 
his  Fables  (water-colour),  Leipsic  Museum  ; 
do.,  and  Homer  reciting  his  Songs,  Sappho 
reciting  her  Poems,  Apollo  among  the  Shep- 
herds, Baron  Sinn,  Vienna ;  Sisyphus  led 
away  by  the  Youth  with  the  Torch,  Acad- 
emy, ib. ;  Colossal  Head  of  Don  Quixote  ; 
Lot  in  Zuiir  ;  Samson  and  Delilah  ;  Kebekah 
at  the  Well ;  Joseph  and  Potiphar's  Wife  ; 
Vision  of  Ezekiel  (185!)),  Kapc  of  Europa 
(1800,  cartoon  to  it  (1857)  in  National  Gal- 
lery, Berlin),  Hercules  and  Omphale,  Tri- 
umph of  Bacchus  and  Ariadne,  Abraham  and 
the  Angels  (18G2),  Battle  of  Lycurgus  (18G3, 
cartoons  to  last  two  in  Leipsic  Museum), 
Drop  Curtain  with  Allegories,  Bacchus 


among  the  Muses  (18f»8),  Schuck  Gallery, 
Munich  ;  Abraham  and  the  Angels  (water- 
colour),  Lt.-ip.sic  Museum  ;  Centaur  Family 
(18I>2);  Jupiter  and  Eros  on  the  Wings  of 
Xight  (18(i4),  Bacchus  among  the  Pirates 
(IKON,  cartoon,  Lust  work),  Weimar  Museum. 
His  son,  Cnmillo  (1840-07),  was  a  designer 
and  painter  of  great  promise. — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  viii.  502  ;  Brnckhaus,  vii.  750  ;  Fi'irs- 
ter,  Denkmale,  XII.  iii.  21)  ;  Graph.  K.,  iv.  1  ; 
lllustr.  /eitg.  (18I1S),  415;  Kunst  Clironik, 
iii.  Ill  ;  iv.  17  ;  I'echt,  ii.  271  ;  Krgnet,  i. 
l.V.»;  Kiegel,  Kunststudien,  2(.)1  ;  Schack, 
Meine  Geniiildcgalleric  1 1SK4),  1  ;  Land  und 
Meer  (isii'.l).  i.  :{.->!  ;  /citschr.  f.  b.  K.,  v.  1; 
xi.  11  ;  xii.  25,  '.Ml.  PJ-J.  -J17  :  xiii.  ll.'i,  1*1, 

221.  25<i.  :uii,  :!.v>;  xviii.  257. 

GEXEYIEVE,  S.VINT,  I'uvis  de  O,,,- 
i'ii tines,  Church  of  St.  Gcncvieve  (Pantheon ), 
Paris.  St.  Genevieve  of  1'aris,  who  incliild- 
hood  tended  sheep,  went  with  others  to 
meet  St.  Germain  when  he  came  to  spend  a 
night  at  Xanterre.  \Vhen  the  bishop  saw 
her  he  was  made  aware  bv  inspiration  of  the 
sanctity  of  her  character,  and  hanging  round 
her  neck  a  medal  marked  with  the  cross,  lie 
blessed  her  as  one  consecrated  to  God's 
service. 

GEXG.Y,  GIROLAMO,  born  at  L'rbino  in 
147(i,  died  there,  July  11,  1551.  L'mbrian 
school  ;  pupil  of  Luca  Signorelli,  whom  he. 
aided  in  his  frescos  in  the  Duomo  of  Or- 
vieto.  Genga  afterwords  was  I'erugino's 
assistant  for  three  years,  and  in  his  school 
became  acquainted  with  Raphael.  Painted 
in  the  Pala/./o  Petrucci,  Siena,  and  then 
with  Timoteo  Vite  at  L'rbino.  Afterwards 
worked  in  Kome,  Pesaro,  and  Florence, 
both  as  painter  find  architect.  Works:  Res- 
urrection (lolO),  Siena  Duomo;  Madonna, 
lirera;  Resurrection,  S.  Caterina  da  Siena, 
Rome;  Holy  Family,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence. 
His  son,  Bartolommeo  Genga  (born  1.")18, 
died  1558),  was  better  known  as  an  archi- 
tect than  as  a  painter. — Ch.  Blanc,  Kcoki 
ombrienne  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  xi.  8(!  ; 
ed.  Mil.,  VL  315 ;  Siret,  35(i  ;  Boldinucci, 
ii.  03. 


GfiOTSSON 


GEXISSOX,  VICTOR  JULES,  born  at1 
St.  Omcr  (Pas-dc-Ciiliiis)  in  1805,  died  in  ! 
1860.  Architecture  painter.  Works:  View 

in  Dominican  Monastery.it  Antwerp  (1843); 
Church  Interior  (1845),  Kunsthalle,  Ham- 
bury  ;  Burial  Chapel  at  Dreux  (1850)  ;  In-  | 
terior  of  Collegiate  Church  at  St.  Licrre 
near  Antwerp  (1852),  Ravenc  Gallery, 
Berlin  ;  St.  Lawrence's  at  Nuremberg,  Stet- 
tiii  Museum. 

GEXXERICH,  OTTO,  born  in  Berlin  in 
1823.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Berlin 
Academy.  Continued  his  studies  in  Italy 
(1841-42)  with  Lengerich.  After  his  return 
he  taught  and  wrote  on  perspective.  Works : 
Gotz  von  Berlichingen  at  Heilbronn  (1848)  ; 
Last  Will  of  Great  Elector  (1852)  ;  Visit  of 
Electoral  Family  of  Brandenburg  to  Re- 
mains of  Gustavus  Adolphus  at  Wolgast 
(1809).  -Miiller,  200. 

GEXOD,  MICHEL  PHILIBERT,  born 
iu  Lyons,  Sept.  20,  1790,  died  there,  July 
25,  1802.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Ruvoil, 
and  one  of  the  best  painters  born  at  Lyons. 
His  pictures  are  agreeable,  true  to  nature, 
and  carefully  executed.  Medal,  2d  class, 
1811);  L.  of  Honour,  1855.  Many  of  his 
works  have  been  engraved.  Works:  Mother 
wit li  a  Sick  Child  (181!))  ;  Father's  Blessing, 
Hospital  Sister  (1822)  ;  Soldier's  Farewell 
(1824),  Lyons  Museum  ;  Young  Mother 
mourning  for  her  Sou  (1824)  ;  Cupid  and 
Psyche;  Prisoners  of  State  under  Louis  XIII. 
(18I55);  Monk  in  the  Pyrenees ;  The  Golden 
Wedding  (1855)  ;  The  Prisoner  (1857)  ;  The 
King  Drinks!  A  Painter's  Apprentice  (1801). 
— Larous.se. 

GEXOELS,  ABRAHAM,  called  Archi- 
medes, born  in  Antwerp,  May  25,  1040, 
died  there,  May  10,  1723.  Flemish  school ; 
landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Jacob  Backerell, 
and  at  Bois-le-Due  of  Fierlants  ;  went  to 
France  in  1059,  where  he  was  employed  by 
Lebrun  to  paint  the  backgrounds  in  his  Bat- 
tles of  Alexander  the  Great,  and  in  1004  was 
made  member  of  the  Academy.  In  1672 
he  entered  the  guild  of  Antwerp,  whither  lie 
returned  after  having  spent  the  period  from 


1674  to  1682  in  Rome,  where  his  knowl- 
edge of  mathematics  acquired  him  the  sur- 
name of  Archi- 
medes. Works : 
Minerva  and  the 
Muses,  Antwerp 
Museum ;  Land- 
scape, Bruns- 
wick Museum. 
— Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  viiL  509; 
Cli.  Blanc,  Ecole 
flamande  ;  Cat. 
du  Musee  d'Anvers  (1874),  Fetis,  Les  Ar- 
tistes beiges  a  1'etranger,  i.  215  ; 
Rooses  (Reber),  414  ;  Riegel, 
Beitriige,  130  ;  Van  den  Bran- 
dcn,  1074. 

GEXSCHOW,  GEORG,  born  at  Rostock 
in  1829.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Diis- 
seldorf  Academy  under  Andreas  Achenbach, 
and  afterwards  studied  nature  in  the  Bava- 
rian Highlands,  Switzerland,  and  the  Car- 
pathian Mountains  ;  Lives  at  Diisseldorf. 
Works  :  Mountain  Lake  (1853),  Viewr  in  the 
Hartz,  Mill  in  the  Mountains  (1859),  Sea- 
shore at  Sunset  (1801),  Schweriu  Gallery ; 
Waterfall  in  Carpathian  Mountains  (1862), 
Kiel  Gallery  ;  Wood  Brook  (1804),  Fall  in 
Tatra  Mountains  (1800),  Evening  Landscape 
(1807),  Mill  on  River  Erft  (1808).— Miiller, 
200. 

GEXSLER,  GUXTHER,  born  in  Ham- 
burg, Feb.  28,  1803.  Portrait  painter  and 
writer  on  art,  studied  in  Dresden,  the  Neth- 
erlands, and  Italy.  Works  :  Two  Groups  of 
Artists  (1849  and  1800),  Old  Art  Amateur 
(1867),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Assembly  of 
Hamburg  Artists  (1859),  Cologne  Museum  ; 
Hour  of  Rest  in  the  Studio  (1854),  Leipsic 
Museum. — Miiller,  200. 

GENSLER,  JAKOB,  born  in  Hamburg, 
Jan.  22,  1808,  died  there,  Jan.  26,  1845. 
Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Rachau  and  Gerdt 
Hardorff,  the  elder,  then  in  Eutin  of  Wilhelm 
Tischbein  ;  went  in  1827  to  Dresden,  and 
thence  to  Munich,  where  he  frequented  the 
Academy.  Visited  the  Tyrol,  then  continued 


122 


OKXSI.KK 


elements  i>f  Ins  art 
uinler  his  brother 
Aurelio  ainl  his  uncle 


r>  i 


he  went   t 


'ormed   his  stvle  bv  studv 


masters, 


his  studies  in  1830  at  the  Vienna  Academy,  him    in  portraits.     Among  her  works  are  : 

and  returned  to  Hamburg  in  1831.     Works:  Mary   Magdalen,   Judith,    and   Judith   and 

Hessian  Cart  men  (182li)  ;  Tavern   in  Hart/  Holofernes,  in  the  Pala/./o  Pitti,  Florence  ; 

Mountains    (1830)  ;    Cartmen    before    Inn,  Birth  of  St.  John  Baptist,  Woman  caressing 

Tyrolese  Smugglers,  Tyrolese  Village  (1831);  Pigeons,    Madrid    Museum;    Her    Portrait, 

Klosterneuburg   on    the    Danube  ;  Fishing  Hampton  Court ;  Christ  among  the  Doctors, 

Expedition  ;  Spinning  Women  of  Blanken-  Historical  Society,  New  York.  —  I  Aim,  i.  2.'!2; 

esc  ;  Coast  on  Baltic  Sea  ;  Cemetery  of  Els-  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  tlorentine  ;  Walpole,  Anec- 

torf  (1837),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg;  Blanken-  dotes,  isc  ;  Wesselv,  17. 
ese  Women  at  the  Well  ;  Sunday  Morning  ;       GENTILKSCHI,  OKA/IO,  born  in  Pisa. 

Hay-Harvest ;  Boys  going  to    Ritle-match  ;  July  '.).  15r>2.  died  in 

Winter  Scene  on   the  Elbe;  Fishermen  on  London    in    1(147. 

Baltic   Sea;    Dutch    Coast    by    Moonlight;  Florentine    school. 

Arrival  of  Fishermen  at  Xandvoort  ;  Fruit-  Real    name    Lomi, 

Harvest. — Andresen,  iii.  42.  brother  and   pupil  of 

GENSLER,  MARTIN,  born  in  Hamburg,  Aurelio  Lomi,  but 

May   '.I,    1811,   died    there,    Dee.    15,    ISSl.  took   name  of  Genti- . 

Genre  and  architecture  painter,  pupil  of  Ra-  leschi  from  an  uncle. 

chau  and  of  his  brother  Giinther,  studied  in  Having  mastered  the 
1835-30  in  Munich.  Works:  Hall  in  St. 
John's  Convent,  Hamburg,  Players  of 
Draughts  in  Tavern  (1830)  ;  Silver  Foundrv 
(18311;  Sacristy  (1835),  Wanderer  asking 
for  Shelter  (1851),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg; 

Mediaeval    Scholar    (1841),   Cassel   Gallei-v  ;  upon   important    works   for  Clement    VIII., 

Praying  Knight  (1845);  Hospitable  Hearth  Paul  V..  and  Cardinals  Borghese   and  Aldo- 

(1847);    Well    in    Hospital    (bSl'.h;    Castle,  brandini.      [n  1(121  went  to  Genoa,  then  for 

Yard   (1850);  Refugees    in    Castl<;    (1852);  two  years  to  France,  and    in    1<'>2<;   to  Eng- 

Hospitallers  at  the  Well  (1854)  :   Repose   in  land,  where  he  remained  till  his  death,  much 

Egypt    (1855);    Fisherman's    Dwelling    in  esteemed  and  employed  by  Charles  I.,  who 

Autumn  (1850)  ;  Feeding  the  Poor  at  a  Con-  gave  him  a  yearly  salary.      Van  Dyck  painted 

vent    (18(11);    Tinker    (1X02)  ;    Fisherman's  his  portrait.     Among  his  works  art' :    Repose 

Hut  on    the   Elbe  (18GO)  ;  Castle   Sentinel,  of  Holy  Family  (painted  for  Charles  I.I.  and 

Christ iania Gallery. — Andresen,  iii.  2;  Kunst-  a  young  man's  portrait.  Louvre  ;  Joseph  and 

Chronik,  xvii.  287.  Potiphar's    Wife,    Sibyl,    Hampton     Court  ; 

GENTILE   DA  FABRIANO.      See  l-'nhri-  Madonna  and  Saints,  Moses  saved  from  the 

aim.  Waters,  Madrid  Museum  ;  Adoration  of  the 

GENTILESCHI,    ARTEMISIA,  born    in  Magi,  Annunciation,  Turin  Gallery  ;  Magda- 

Rome  in  1590,  died  in  London  in  1042.  leu  in  a  Grotto,  Flight  into  Egypt,  Vienna 
Florentine  school  ;  daughter  and  pupil  of 
Ora/.io  Gcntileschi  ;  also  studied  at  Bologna 
under  Guido  Reni.  Lived  in  Naples  in 
1C30-37  ;  as  famous  for  her  amours  as  for 
her  painting.  Finally  joined  her  father  in 
England,  where  she  was  well  received  and 
painted  many  of  the  royal  family  and  nobil-  rtC/T. 

ity.     Walpole  says  she  was  not.  inferior  to  Museum.— Lan/.i,  i.  232  ;  Ch.  Blanc,   Kcole 

her  father  in  historical  painting,  and  excelled  tlorentine. 


ployed 


i -a 


GEKTZ 


GENTZ,  WILHELM,  horn  at  Neu-Rup- 
pin,  Dec.  9,  1822.  History  and  genre  paint- 
er, pupil  in  Berlin  of  Klober,  then  in  1845 
of  the  Antwerp  Academy,  and  in  1840-52  in 
Paris  under  Glcyrc  and  Couture  ;  travelled 
in  the  East  and  throughout  Europe.  Mem- 
ber of  and  professor  at  Berlin  Academy. 
Great  gold  medal  in  Berlin  (1870),  medals 
in  Vienna  (1ST:!)  and  Munich  (1870). 
Works':  Christ  and  Magdalen  at  Simeon's, 
Prodigal  Son,  Christ  among  the  Pharisees 
and  Publicans,  Chemnitz  Museum  ;  Trans- 
portation of  Slaves  through  the  Desert,  Halt 
of  Caravan,  Stettin  Museum  ;  Camp  of  Mec- 
ca Caravan,  Bedouin  Camp,  Giving  Alms  in 
Cairo,  Prayer  of  Mecca  Caravan,  Meeting  of 
Two  Caravans  (18GO-70);  Nile  Landscape, 
Story-Teller  at  Cairo,  Funeral  near  Cairo 
(Dresden  Gallery),  Village  School  in  Upper 
Kgypt,  Snake  Charmer,  Coffee-House  in 
Cairo,  Fellah-Houses  in  Cairo  (1870-72); 
Entry  of  Gorman  Crown  Prince  into  Jeru- 
salem in  18f>!)  (187(i),  National  Gallery, 
Berlin  ;  Grave  of  Rabbi  in  Algiers,  Leipsie 
Museum;  Idyl  in  Thebaid  (1883);  Evening 
on  the  Nile  (1884). — Brockhaus,  vii.  785; 
Illustr.  Xeitg.,  Mar.  10,  1801  ;  (187:!),  ii. 
123;  (1877),  i.  221;  Rosenberg,  Berl.  Ma- 
le rsc.h.,  219. 

GEOFFROY,  JEAN,  born  at  Marennes 
(Cliarente  Infri'ieure);  eon  temporary.  Genre 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Levasseur, 
Adan,  and  Bin.  Medal,  3d  class,  188;i. 
Works:  First,  Lessons  (1878);  Abandoned, 
Unwarranted  Resemblance  (1879);  Resigned 
Victim,  A  Future  Scholar,  Stirrup-Cup,  Great 
Culprit  (1880);  Little  Class,  Quarter  of  an 
Hour  of  Rabelais  (1881);  Afternoon  Lunch- 
eon, In  Quarantine  (1882);  Hour  of  Return, 
The  Unfortunate  (1883)  ;  Basket-Maker, 
Sewing  Lesson  (1884);  Review  of  Scholar 
Battalions,  Washstand  (1885). 

GEORGE-MAYER,  AUGUST,  born 
March  28,  1834.  Portrait  painter,  pupil  of 
Vienna  Academy  under  Rahl,  studied  then 
for  some  years  in  Hungary  ;  one  of  the  best 
portrait  painters  of  Vienna.  Medal  in  1873. 
Works  :  Effect  of  Wine  (1853);  Richard  TIL 


(1857);  portraits  of  the  actors  Wild,  Staud- 
igl,  Lowe,  Beckmann,  Findeisen,  DambGck, 
of  the  painter  Angeli,  of  Professor  Roki- 
tausky,  of  Count  Hoyos,  Minister  Lasser, 
Archduke  Louis  Victor.  — Miiller,  201. 

GEORGE,  ST.,  AND  THE  DRAGON. 
St.  George  of  Cappadocia,  the  patron  saint 
of  England,  was,  according  to  the  legend,  a 
tribune  in  the  army  in  the  time  of  Diocle- 
tian. When  on  the  way  to  join  his  legion, 
he  overcame  a  terrible  dragon,  near  Selene, 
in  Libya  (or  Berytus,  Syria,  according  to 
another  account),  and  rescued  the  king's 
daughter,  Cleodolinda,  who  was  about  to 
be  sacrificed  to  appease  the  beast.  St. 
George  suffered  martyrdom  in  the  persecu- 
tion of  Diocletian.  The  combat  with  the 
dragon  has  been  illustrated  by  nearly  all 
the  great  painters. 

By  Marco  J>nxaiti,  S.  Pietro  di  Castello, 
Venice  ;  canvas,  figures  half  life-size  ;  signed, 
dated  1520.  St.  George  on  horseback,  tight- 
ing  dragon  ;  Princess  Cleodolinda  in  back- 
ground holding  on  to  a  tree.  Close  imita- 
tion of  Carpaccio.  Painted  by  order  of 
Patriarch  Antonio  II.,  Contarini  (1508-24). 
—  Xanotto,  Pinac.  Yen.,  PI.  17  ;  C.  &  C.,  N. 
Italy,  i.  270. 

By  Andrea  Mantryiia,  Venice  Academy  ; 
wood,  tempera,  H.  2  ft.  x  1  ft.  St.  George, 
in  armour,  holding  the  stump  of  his  lance, 
with  the  dragon  at  his  feet.  Painted  about 
1404.  Formerly  in  Palazzo  Manfrini. — C. 
it  C.,  N.  Italy,  i'  387  ;  Burckhardt,  578. 

l>y  G.  A.  I'lirtknone,  Quirinal,  Rome  ; 
wood,  arched,  H.  9  ft.  x  C  ft.  2  in. ;  signed. 
The  saint,  on  horseback,  tilts  at  dragon  with 
his  lance  ;  background,  a  landscape  with 
Cleodolinda  kneeling.  Formerly  in  church 
at  Noale,  near  Treviso.-C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy, 
ii.  287. 

By  liajihai-l,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ; 
wood,  transferred  to  canvas,  H.  lOf  x8J  in. 
St.  George  in  armour,  on  a  white  horse, 
charges  out  of  the  foreground  and  trans- 
fixes the  dragon  with  his  lance  ;  background, 
a  wilderness  with  a  cave  to  the  right,  and 
Cleodolinda  kneeling  in  prayer  ;  behind  her 


GKOUGE 


n  landscape  with  two  towers  in  distance. 
Painted  in  Florence  in  1500  ;  presented  by 
Guidobaldo  I.,  Duke  of  Urbino,  to  Henry 
VII.  of  England,  in  return  for  the  insignia 
of  the  Garter  ;  registered  in  inventories  of 
Henry  VIII.  and  Charles  I.,  after  whose 
death  sold  for  tloO  ;  afterwards  in  Paris  in 
possession  of  Marquis  de  Hourdis,  and  <>f 
M.  de  In  None,  who  paid  500  pistoles  for  it. 
In  Musi'e  Napoleon  in  ISO'2.  Engraved  by 
L.  Vorstennan  ;  DCS  Clranges  ;  N.  do  Lar- 
inessin.  Tapestry  made  at  Mortlake  in  time 
of  Charles  I.  and  at  Irnhani,  Lincolnshire. 
Sketch  in  the  Uflixi,  Florence  ;  engraved  by 
Vorstennan  from  a  ropy. — C.  X  ('.,  Itaph- 
ael,  i.  27H  ;  Are.lueologia,  2!>S  ;  Felibien,  En- 
tretiens,  i.  2'2S  ;  Landon,  Musi'e,  iii.  PI.  !.">. 
By  l!/i],!ia<-t,  Louvre  ;  wood,  H.  12  in.  X  10 
in.  St.  George  in  armour,  on  a  gray  horse, 
gallops  into  the  foreground,  and  having 
broken  his  lance  upon  the  dragon,  is  about 
to  despatch  him  with  his  sword  ;  in  the  dis- 
tance, Cleodolinda  starts  in  flight,  with 


Perugia   in    1504.      Ik-longed    to   Cardinal 
Maxarin  ;  bought  of  his  heirs  for  Louis  XIV. 


St.  George   and  the  Dragon,   Raphael,   Hermitage,   St.  Petersburg. 

arms   extended  ;    background,    a   beautiful 
landscape  of  trees  and  rocks.     Painted  in 


St.   Gonrgi',   Truf  1h.>   D'lt'nn     Rlpk   >el,    !        ..••• 

(C.  \  ('. }  ;  but  Villot  says  it  w:is  iu  the  col- 
lection of  Francis  I.,  and  thinks  it  the  pict- 
ure cited  by  Lonm/xo  (i.  -IS),  as  painted  for 
the  Duke  of  t'rbino  in  15(tli.  Studv  in  the 
I'tli/.i.  Engraved  by  X.  Lannessin  ;  Vorst- 
erman  ;  ,1.  I,.  Petit.— C.  \-  C'..  I!apha<'I.  i. 
•20(1  ;  Passavant,  ii.  -2-2;  Miintx,  lid;  Call. 
Croxat,  i.  PI.  1(1  ;  Musi'e  roval,  i  :  L-inili>ii. 
Musee,  iv.  PI.  (1-2  ;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Fil- 
liol,  i.  PI.  1!». 

P>y  Tin/iiri'/ln,  National  Gallery,  London  ; 
canvas,  H.  5  ft.  2  in.  X  •!  ft.  •'!  in.  Princess 
Cleodolinda  kneels  in  foreground  ;  in  mid- 
dle distance  a  dead  body,  and  beyond  on 
the  hillside  St.  George  on  horseback  driving 
the  dragon  into  the  sea  ;  in  background  a 
castle,  and  a  golden  sky  with  glory  of  an- 
gels. Splendid  colour  and  masterly  treat- 
ment ;  painted  with  the  inspired  freedom  of 
an  improvisation.  Bequeathed  in  IS.'U  by 
Rev.  W.  H.  Can-.— Kit-liter,  Italian  Art  in 
Nat.  Gal.,  SO. 

By  Tinturelln,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg. 
The  saint,  armed  and  on  horseback,  attacks 
the  dragon,  near  which  lies  the  body  of  a 


GEOKGE 


man  killed  by  the  monster;  to  right,  in  GEORGE,  ST. ,  MARTYRDOM  OF,  Paolo 
background,  St.  Alexander,  and  beyond  a  Veronese,  S.  Giorgio  Maggiore,  Verona ; 
building.  Presented  to  Emperor  Alexander  canvas.  St.  George,  kneeling,  with  eyes 
I.  by  M.  Narischkine. — Cat.  Hermitage,  54.  raised  to  heaven,  is  insensible  to  the  exhor- 
Bv  Tintoretto,  Palazzo  Ducale,  Venice  ;  tations  of  the  priest  of  Apollo,  who  points  to 
canvas,  about  H.  C  ft.  x  8  ft.  The  princess  the  image  of  the  god  ;  behind,  an  execu- 
tioner with  his  sword  ;  in  front,  an- 
other trying  to  place  the  saint  in  apo- 
sition  to  be  decapitated  ;  two  mount- 
ed men  and  other  soldiers  look  on  ; 
above,  the  Virgin  and  Child,  with  SS. 
Peter  and  Paul,  and  Faith,  Hope,  and 
Charity,  surrounded  by  angels  and 
cherubim,  one  of  whom  bears  the 
palm  of  martyrdom  and  the  crown 
to  St.  George.  Painted  about  15G8 
for  S.  Giorgio,  Verona  ;  carried  to 
Paris  in  1799  ;  returned  in  1815. 
It  was  probably  finished  by  Vero- 
nese's pupils. — Landon,  Musee,  xii. 
PI.  9  ;  Ridolfi,  Marav.,  ii.  35. 

GEORGES-SAUVAGE,    AUG- 
USTE  ALBERT,  born  at  Caen  (Cal- 
vados) ;  contemporary.     Genre  and 
portrait   painter,    pupil   of  Gc'rome 
and  Lecomte  du  Nouy.     Medal,  3d 
class,  1879.     Works  :  Greek    Cour- 
tesan (1874)  ;  Lyrical  Debut  (1875); 
Beheading  of  St.  John  (187G)  ;  Gaul 
Sentinels  (1877)  ;  Cradle  of  a  Spar- 
tan (1878)  ;  St.  Jerome  in  the  Desert 
(1880)  ;    Death  of   Gaudri,   Bishop 
of  Laou  (1882)  ;  Fishermen  at  the 
Inn  (1883)  ;  The  Victors  of  Yester- 
day (1884)  ;  Mending  Nets  (1885). 
GERARD,  FRANCOIS  PASCAL,  Baron, 
born   in    Rome. 
March   14,    1770, 
died 
Jan. 


Martyrdom  of  St.  George,  Paolo  Veronese,  S.  Giorgio  Maggiore,  Verona. 

sits  astride  on  the  dragon's  neck,  holding 
him  by  a  silken  bridle  ;  St.  George,  in 
armour,  stands  behind,  holding  his  hands 
over  her  head  ;  on  the  right  a  monk,  stand- 
ing, looking  gravely  on.  Study  in  Palazzo 
Manfrini.  A  similar  picture  at  Hampton 
Court.  —  Ruskin,  Stones  of  Venice,  iii.  290  ; 
Law,  Hist.  Cat.  Hampton  Court,  54. 

By  Bartolommeo  Virarini,  Berlin  Museum; 
wood,  H.  4  ft.  2  in.  x  2  ft.  2  in.  ;  signed, 
dated  1485.     Saint  on  horseback 
with  dragon  ;  Cleoilolinda  in 
&  C.,  N.  Italy,  i.  47. 


a^e 

ID      O 

distance.  —  C. 


in  Paris, 
11,  1837, 
French  school ; 
history  and  por- 
trait painter,  pu- 
pil of  the  sculp- 
to  r  Pnjou,  of 
Brenet,  and  of 
David  ;  won  the 


prix  de  Rome  in  1789  with  his  Joseph 


126 


(iKUIIAUDT 


discovering  Himself  to  his  Brethren,  now  in 
the  Angers  Museum.  In  1702,  after  a  short 
stay  in  Rome,  he  settled  in  Paris,  and  was 
assigned  a  studio  iu  the  Louvre,  but  his  rep- 
utation was  not  established  until  1800,  when 
Napoleon  appointed  him  his  otlicial  portrait 
painter.  He  executed  many  important  works 
under  the  Empire,  and  was  patronized  by 
Louis  XVIII.,  Charles  X.,  and  Louis  Philippe. 
Member  of  the  Institute,  1812  ;  L.  of  Hon- 
our, Order  of  St.  Michael  ;  lirst  painter  to 
the  king.  1817  ;  and  in  181!)  was  created  a 
baron.  Works:  liflixnriitx ;  Entry  of  Henri 
IV.  into  Paris  (replica),  I'xyi-lw  and  Cupid 
(17'J8),  Ihqihuix  and  Chloe  (1824),  Victory 
and  Fame,  History  and  Poetry,  portrait  of 
Isiibey  (17!)(i),  do.  of  Canova,  do.  of  Charles 
X.,  Louvre,  Paris;  The  Three  Ages  (IsiiS)  ; 
Battle  of  Aiixln-litz  (1H10),  Entry  of  //<•,//•/ 
IV.  into  Paris  (1S17),  Philippe  V.  of  France 
called  to  the  Throne  of  Spain  (1824),  Coro- 
nation of  Charles  X.  (1827),  Proclamation  at 
the  Hotel  de  Ville  in  Paris  (l«:ili).  Signing 
the  Concordat,  portraits  of  Joachim  Murat, 
Madame  Bonaparte,  Empress  Josephine, 
Empress  Marie  Louise  and  the  King  of 
Koine,  Charles  X.,  Due  de  Herri,  Duchesse 
de  Berri  and  Children,  Versailles  Museum  ; 
The  Three  Ages  (1801!),  Naples  Museum  ; 
Sappho  (1810),  Htiidel  Gallery,  Frankfort; 
Coriiini'  ut  Cape  Misenum  (1811)),  Lyons 
Museum  ;  Ndjuilemi  in  Coronation  Ilobcs, 
Dresden  Museum  ;  Plague  at  Marseilles, 
Sanitary  Department  of  Marseilles  ;  portrait 
of  La  Reveillere  Lepeaux,  Angers  Museum  ; 
do.  of  Louis  XVIII.,  Toulouse,  Marseilles, 
find  Ajaccio  Museums  ;  do.,  Hatlield  House, 
London  ;  Christ  descending  upon  Earth  and 
scattering  Darkness  (18157.  last  work),  Or- 
leans Museum  ;  portraits  of  Napoleon  (18D.S), 
Josephine,  Queen  of  Naples  (1810),  King  of 
Two  Sicilies,  Duke  of  Montebello  (1812), 
Empress  Marie  Louise  (1814),  King  of  Rome 
(1814),  Comtc  d'Artois,  Due  d'Orleans  (1810), 
Duchesse  d'Orleans  (1810),  Due  de  Char- 
tres  (1822),  Duchesse  do  Berri  (1824),  Due 
de  Bordeaux  (1824),  Due  de  Dalmatic 
(1826),  Madame  Pasta  (182G).— Bellier  de 


la   Cha\  ignerie,    i.    fi.'Jfi  ;    Oh.   Blanc,    Ecole 
frain;aise  ;   Meyer,   Gesch.,   !)<>  ;  Villot,   Cat. 


D 


Louvre  ;  Lejeune,  (iuide.  i.  'Ml  ;  Xeitschr. 
f.  1).  K.,  xx.  2.1i;. 

GERHARDT,  EDfARD,  born  at  Erfurt, 
April  21),  1S1:{.  Landscape  and  architecture 
painter,  studied  from  1N.'!7  in  Munich,  when! 
he  settled  in  1X.">1  after  ten  years  spent  in 
Italy,  Spain,  and  England.  Works  :  Views 
of  Cologne  Cathedral  (1SHK);  Views  in  Ven- 
ice ;  Views  in  the  Alhambra  ;  San  Ildefonso  ; 
Gardens  of  Generalife  ;  ('anno  Church  in 
Lisbon  ;  Cintra  ;  S.  Marco  and  S.  Maria 
della  Salute  in  Venice  ;  North  View  of  Al- 
hambra ;  Moonlight  in  Spanish  Town  ;  Pal- 
ace of  Inquisition  at  Cordova  (1'SIJ.i),  Lion's 
Court  of  Alhambra,  Interior  of  St.  Mark's 
in  Venice,  New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Lion 
Court  in  the  Alhambra,  Palax/.o  Moro.  and 
Pala/./o  Vendramin,  at  Venice,  The  Genera- 
life  at  Granada,  Comares  Tower  of  the  Al- 
hambra, Schack  Gallery,  ib.  —  Brockhaus,  vii. 
821);  Miiller,  201. 

GKRIC.U'LT,  JEAN  LOl'lS  ANDKK 
THKODORK, 
born  at  Rouen, 
Sept.  20,  17111, 
died  in  1'aris, 
Jan.  18,  1824. 
History  and  ani- 
mal painter,  pu- 
pil of  Carle  Ver- 
net  and  of  Gue- 
rin.  In  1817, 
after  serving  in 
the  army  three; 

years,  he  went  to  Italy  and  studied  in  Home 
and  Florence.  His  Raft  of  the  Mi'dnxii 
(1811),  Louvre)  was  loudly  denounced  by 
the  critics  on  account  of  its  bold  realism  ; 
but  its  exhibition  in  London  brought  the 
painter  20,000  francs  and  on  his  rctuni  to 
Paris  a  gold  medal.  He  executed  after- 
wards many  studies  in  crayon  and  water- 


GER1NI 


colour,  and  many  lithographs  ;  also  mod- 
elled for  sculpture.  Works  :  Raft  of  the 
Medusa  (1819),  Officer  of  the  Imperial  Guard 
Charging  (1812),  "Wounded  Cuirassier  He- 
treating  (1814),  The  Derby  at  Epsom  (1821), 
A  Carbineer,  The  Plaster  Kiln,  Turkish  Horse 
in  a  Stable,  Spanish  Horse  in  a  Stable,  Five 
Horses  in  a  Stable,  Louvre  ;  Portrait  of  Lord 
Byron,  Two  Horses  in  a  Stable,  Montpellier 
Museum  ;  Others  in  Grenoble,  llouen,  Nan- 
tes, Chalon-sur-Saone,  Aix,  and  Avignon  Mu- 
seums ;  Wreck  of  the  Medusa,  Historical 
Society,  New  York  ;  Village  Smithy,  Child 
feeding  a  Horse  (exhibited  in  1824,  after 
his  death);  Cavalry  Charge,  Still  Life,  B. 


Wall,  Providence.  —  Ch.  Blanc,  ftcole  fran- 
yaise,  iii.  ;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Lejeune, 
Guide,  i.  .524  ;  Chesneau,  Peinturc  fran- 
yaise  (Paris,  1883);  Gaz.  dcs  B.  Arts  (1874), 
ix.  72. 

GERIXI,  LORENZO,  Florentine  school, 
beginning  of  15th  century.  Son  of  NiccoK> 
Gerini  and  equally  mediocre.  A  fair  painter 
among  the  third-rates,  and  of  considerable 
practice.  His  most  important  work  is  the 
Coronation  of  the  Virgin,  an  altarpiece  with 
predella,  painted  in  1440,  in  S.  Domeiiico, 
Cortona.—  C.  &  C.,  Italy,  ii.  2;!. 

GERIXI,  NICCOLO^DI  PIETRO,  Flor- 
entine school,  14th  century,  died  after  1401. 
He  was  a  careful  and  diligent  painter,  but 
in  colour  wanting  force  and  fusion.  In  his 
frescos  he  continued  the  school  of  Taddeo 
Gaddi,  but,  as  compared  with  Agnolo  Gaddi 
and  Spiuello,  his  painting  is  lifeless  and 
third-rate.  His  earliest  and  most  important 
work  is  a  series  of  frescos  in  the  Convent  of 
S.  Francesco,  Pisa,  dated  1392.—  C.  &  C., 
Italy,  ii.  19  ;  Liibke,  Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  i. 
151  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  ii.  197,  N.  1. 

GERINO  DA  PISTOJA,  Umbrian  school 
(1502-29).  Vasari  says  he  was  a  friend  of 


Pinturicchio,  a  diligent  colourist,  and  a  fol- 
lower of  Perugino.  His  Virgin  of  Succour 
(1502)  in  S.  Agostino,  Borgo  S.  Sepolcro, 
shows  that  he  was  a  fair  copyist  of  his  mas- 
ter when  he  painted  it.  His  Madonna  and 
Saints  (1509),  S.  Pietro  Maggiore,  Pistoja, 
'.  is  a  mixture  of  Perugiuo,  Pinturicchio,  and 
Raphael.  He  grew  feeble  later  ;  his  Ma- 
donna and  Saints  (1529),  Uffizi,  Florence, 
is  gray  and  dull,  with  none  of  his  early  rich- 
ness of  tint. — C.  &  C,  Italy,  iii.  349  ;  Ch. 
Blanc,  Ecole  ombricune ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le 
Mon.,  v.  27(5. 

GERMANICUS,  TRIUMPH  OF,  Karl 
von  Pilot ij,  Munich  Gallery  ;  canvas,  H.  17 
ft.  8  in.  x  24  ft.  G  in.  Triumphal  entry  into 
Rome  accorded  by  Tiberius  to  Germanicus, 
A.I).  17,  after  his  victory  over  the  Germans 
on  the  Elbe,  in  which  he  recovered  the 
eagles  lost  by  Varus  (Tae.  An.,  ii.  41). 
:  Thnsnelda,  wife  of  Arminius,  leading  by 
the  hand  her  little  boy  Thumelicus,  walks 
in  the  procession,  while  Segestes,  her  father, 
through  whose  treachery  she  had  fallen  in- 
to the  hands  of  the  Romans,  sits  near  Ger- 
j  manicus  as  an  ally.  Painted  in  1873  ;  sold 
for  35,000  florins.  Replica,  Mrs.  A.  T. 
Stewart,  New  York. — Art  Trcas.  of  Amer., 
i.  2G. 

GERUME,  JEAN  LF.ON,  born  in  Vesoul, 
May  11,  1824.  His- 
tory and  genre 
painter,  pupil  of 
Paul  Delaroche, 
whom  he  accompa- 
nied to  Rome,  and 
of  Gleyre  after  his 
return  from  Italy. 
Failed  to  obtain  the 
prix  de  Rome,  but 
obtained  a  3d  class 
medal  for  his  Cock  Fight  in  1847,  and  in- 
creased his  reputation  by  his  Anacreou  in 
the  following  year.  Then  visited  Russia, 
where  he  painted  a  successful  picture  of 
Russian  Musicians,  and  Egypt,  whence  he 
brought  back  valuable  material  afterwards 
treated  (1857).  Since  this  period  he  has 


128 


GERUIT 

painted  a  variety  of  subjects  ancient  and  tor,  ih. ;  After  the  Hath,  William  Astor,  il>. ; 
modern,  which  have  gained  him  a  place  as  Prayer  in  the  Desert,  I.  Corse,  ib. ;  Bull- 
one  of  the  best-known  modern  French  Fighter,  Guard  of  Louis  XIV.,  T.  1!.  Butler, 
painters.  Gerome  has  also  exhibited  sev-  ib. ;  Snake-Charmer,  Albert  Spencer,  ib.; 
era!  sculptured  groups,  and  has  executed  Arab  Seated,  Mrs.  Paran  Stevens,  ib. ;  Cru- 
inural  paintings  for  the  city  of  Paris,  among  rilixion,  Frank  Work,  New  York  ;  Bonaparte 
Uiem  the  Plague  at  Marseilles  in  St.  St'-verin.  in  Egypt,  Call  to  Prayer,  R.  L.  Kennedy,  ib.; 
Medals:  3d  class,  1847;  2d  class.  1S4S,  Pifferari  in  London,  J.  C.  Uuukle,  ib. ;  Muez- 
1855;  of  honour,  1807,  1874,  1878;  for  ziu's  Call  to  Prayer,  J.  W.  Drexcl,  ib. ;  iHith- 
sculpture,  1878;  L.  of  Honour,  1S55  ;  ()|Vi-  at  Ravenna,  M.  K.  .Jesup,  ib. ;  Runners  of 
cer,  1807;  Commander,  1878;  Member  of  the  Pasha,  It  L.  Stuart,  ib. ;  ('/>••, / ml ru  before. 
Institute,  1805.  Professor  in  Hcole  des  C;esar  (1800),  Diogenes.  J).  ().  Mills,  ib. ; 
Beaux  Arts,  180K.  Works:  Cud:  Fight  Woman  of  Syria,  C'.  1'.  Huntington,  ib.; 
(1847),  Luxembourg  Museum;  Madonna  Street  Scene  in  Cairo,  Playing  Chess,  C.  S. 
and  St.  John  (1848);  Anacreon  with  Bac-  Smith,  ib.;  Turkish  BiitcheivUoy  (l<SO:i), 
chus  and  Cupid  (1848),  Toulouse  Museum;  Dance  of  the  J/m«7i  (1804),  J.  Hoev,  ib.; 
Bacchus  and  Cupid  Intoxicated  (185(1),  Bor-  Louis  XIV.  and  the  (irand  Condi',  Asking 
deaux  Museum  ;  Greek  Interior,  Souvenir  Alms  in  a  Mosque,  Sword  Dance,  Bashi-Ba- 
of  Italy  (1851);  View  of  IVstum  (185:2);  An  /oiik,  W.  If.  Vanderbilt,  ib. ;  Une  Collabora- 
Idyl  (1853);  Russian  Concert,  Age  of  An-  timi,  CU-I-HK  Maximus,  (;iinli<tt<»:<,  Mrs.  A.  T. 
gustus  (1855),  Amiens  Museum  ;  Egyptian  Stewart,  ib.  ;  Syrian  Shepherd,  H.  1'robas- 
Reeruits  crossing  the  Desert,  Memnon  and  co,  Cincinnati;  Circassian  (iirl,  11.  V.  New- 
Sesostris,  Camels  at  Watering-Place  (1857);  comb,  New  York  ;  Oriental  Woman,  Leland 
Gladiators  saluting  C;esar,  King  ('uidlaiili't  Stanford,  San  Francisco;  Sword  Dance  in 
(1859);  I'ltryiii-  before  the  Tribunal,  Alcibi-  the  CatV-,  ('.  Crocker,  ib.;  Arnaut  Soldier, 
a<les  in  House  of  Aspasia,  Rembrandt  Etch-  Mrs.  W.  P.  Wilstaeh,  Philadelphia  ;  Almehs 
ing  (1801);  Prisoner  (180IJ),  Nantes  Muse-  playing  Checkers,  Mrs.  T.  A.  Scott,  ib.; 
lira;  Reception  of  Siamese  Ambassadors  at  Old  Clothes  Dealer  in  Cairo,  H.  C.  Gibson, 
Fontainebleau,  Prayer  (1805);  Cleopatra  and  Philadelphia;  On  the  Desert,  Diogenes 
Ciesar,  Door  of  Mosque  of  El  Haeamyn  (1800),  Christian  M<ir/i/r.t  (18S.'!|,  />«,'/ after 
(1800);  Slave  Market,  Clothing  Merchant,  the  Masquerade  ( 1857),  W.  T.  Walters.  Bal- 
Death  of  Ciesar  (1807);  Seventh  of  Decem-  timore  ;  Ciesar  Dead,  Corcoran  Gallery, 
ber,  1815  (18G8);  Jerusalem,  Cairo  Pedlar,  ..  rrROMF  ^ 'iwhington.  Claret ie, 
Promenade  of  the  Harem  (1809);  Ii>:r  Tibi-  AL^t-K  "fc  Peiutres  (1884),  ii.  57; 
cen,  Santon  at  the  Door  of  a  Mosque,  Worn-  Meyer,  Gesch.,  070  ;  Monti-osier,  Artistes 
en  at  the  Bath  (1870);  St.  Jerome,  Turk-  modernes  ;  Ga/.  des  B.  Arts  (1808),  xxiv. 
ish  Bath,  Bashi-Bazouks  Dancing,  Return  147  ;  (1871.),  xiv.  218,  334  ;  Portfolio  (1875), 
from  the  Chase  (1878);  Slave  Market  in  82  ;  Hamerton,  French  Painters. 
Rome,  Night  in  the  Desert,  Van**  du  Baton  GERRIT  VAN  HAARLEM.  See  (lo-rl- 
(1884);  Great  Bath  at  Brusa  (1885).  Works  yen  van  Sint-Jans. 

in  United  States  :  Female  Figure,  T.  A.  GERRY,  SAMUEL  L.,  born  in  Boston  in 
Haveineyer,  New  York  ;  Abyssinian  Chief,  181.'}.  Landscape  and  genre  painter,  self- 
Sheik  at  Devotions — Ancient  Mosque  in  taught  ;  has  travelled  and  studied  nature  in 
Cairo,  Miss  C.  L.  Wolfe,  ib. ;  Slave  Market,  Europe,  especially  in  France,  Switzerland, 
A.  Belmout,  ib.  ;  Eminence  Grise  (1874),  and  Italy  ;  studio  in  Boston.  One  of 
iluli&re  Breakfasting  with  Louis  XTV.,  J.  H.  foundation  members  and  early  president 
Stebbins,  ib.;  Arabs  in  Desert,  W.  Rocke-  of  the  Boston  Art  Club.  Works:  Land  of 
feller,  ib.;  Death  of  Clawr  (1807),  J.  J.  As-  Beulah  ;  Over  the  River  ;  Bridal  Tour  of 

129 


GEUTNER 


John  and  Priscilla  Aldon  ;  Artist's  Dream  ; 
American  Tourists  ;  Pasture  (late. 

GERTNER,  JOHAN  YILHELM,  born  at 
Nyboder,  Copenhagen,  May  10,  1818,  died 
in  Copenhagen,  March  21),  1871.  Genre 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen 
Academy,  painted  at  iirst  also  landscapes 
and  interiors.  Member  of  Copenhagen 
Academy  in  1850  ;  professor.  Medal  in 
1843.  Works  :  Thorvaldsen's  Studio  at 
Charlottenborg  (1836),  Shepherd  driving  his 
Flock  (1838),  Portrait  of  his  Mother  (184G), 
Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Portraits  of  Thorvald- 
sen  (1840),  Provost  Trydes  (184:5),  Dahl, 
Eckersberg  (1850),  Count  Moltke,  Banker 
Gedalia  (185'.)),  King  Frederik  VII.  (1801), 
Count  FITS  von  Frysenberg ;  The  Two 
Friends.— Weilbach,  200. 

GERUNG,  MATTHIAS,  born  at  Nord- 
lingen,  Bavaria,  flourished  in  Neiiburg,  Lau- 
ingen,  and  Augsburg  about  middle  of  Kith 
century.  German  school  ;  history  painter, 
perhaps  pupil  of  Hans  Burgkmair  the 
younger.  Works:  Camp  of  Charles  V.  near 
LauingcH  (1551),  Town  Hall,  Lauingen  ; 
Story  of  Paris,  Destruction  of  Troy  (1540) ; 
St.  Lawrence,  St.  Cyriacus,  Stiidel  Gallery, 
Frankfort;  Justiciadormit  (1543),  Carlsruhe 
Gallery  ;  Series  of  Scenes  from  the  Apoc- 
alypse (1544). — Allgcm.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  75  ; 
Kunstblatt  (1841),  4:50  ;  (1851),  4:51  ;  Xa- 
gler,  MOIL,  iv.  569,  573  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K., 
iv.  359. 

GEKVEX,  HENRI,  born  in  Paris  in 
1848.  History  and 
genre  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Cabanel, 
Brisset,  and  Fro- 
inciitin.  Medals : 
2d  class,  1874, 
1870.  Works: 
Satyr  playing  with 
a  Bacchante 
(1874),  Luxem- 
bourg Museum  ; 
Diana  and  Endymion  (1875)  ;  Autopsy  in 
the  Hospital,  In  the  Woods  (1876)  ;  Com- 
munion at  Church  of  Trinity,  My  Friend 


-r 


Brispot  (1877);  Return  from  the  Ball  (1879); 
Souvenir  of  the  4th  of  December  (1880) ; 
Civil  Marriage  (1881),  Mayor's  Office  of  19th 
District,  Paris ;  Reservoir  of  La  Villette 
(1882) ;  The  Department  of  Charities  (1883); 
First  Communion  (1884)  ;  Meeting  of  the 
Jury  on  Painting  (1885). 

GESELSCHAP,  EDUARD,  born  in  Am- 
sterdam, March  22, 
1814,  died  in  Dttssel- 
dorf,  Jan.  5, 1878.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  in  Wesel 
of  Welsch,  then  in  1834 
-41  of  Diisseldorf  Acad- 
emy under  Schadow. 
First  painted  romantic 
genre  and  history,  after- 
wards scenes  of  do- 
mestic life,  with  great 
poetic  charm,  and  soon  ranked  among  the 
foremost  artists  of  Diisseldorf.  Member  of 
Amsterdam  Academy.  Works  :  Faust  in 
his  Study  (1839)  ;  Fiancee  at  Grave  of  her 
Lover  (1840)  ;  Giitz  von  Berlichingeu  before 
Council  of  Heilbroun  (1842)  ;  Death  of  Val- 
entine (1844)  ;  Romeo  and  Juliet  (1845) ; 
Entombment  (1840)  ;  Herodias  with  Head 
of  St.  John  (1847)  ;  Adoration  of  Magi, 
Finding  of  Body  of  Gustavus  Adolphus 
(1848)  ;  Night  Camp  of  Wallenstein's  Sol- 
diers in  Old  Church  (1849)  ;  Christmas 
Presents  (1850)  ;  St.  Nicholas'  Eve  (1852) ; 
Grandmother's  Bible,  Children's  Bath  on 
Saturday,  Old  Woman  at  Spinning  Wheel, 
Grandfather  rocking  Grandson  to  Sleep ; 
St.  Martin's  Eve  (18G2),  Kunsthalle,  Ham- 
burg ;  Singing  School  (18G7),  Musical  Even- 
ing Party  (1867),  Maternal  Joy  (1868),  Co- 
logne Museum  ;  Christmas  Morn,  Stockholm 
Museum ;  Endangered  Meal,  Stettin  Mu- 
seum ;  Mother's  Birthday ;  Evening  Service. 
— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  86;  Kunst-Chrouik, 
xiii.  258;  Wolfg.  Miiller,  Dttsseldorfer  Kstl., 
272 ;  Wiegmann,  304. 

GESSI,  FRANCESCO,  born  in  Bologna, 
Jan.  20,  1588,  died  in  1649.  Bolognese 
school ;  pupil  of  Calvaert  and  of  Cremonini ; 
afterwards  of  Guido,  whose  assistant  he  was, 


130 


GESSXEIt 


together  with  Sementi,  in  his  great  works 
in  Ravenna,  Naples,  and  Mantua.  Some  of 
his  earlier  pictures  nearly  approach  the  ex- 
cellence of  his  master,  but  his  facility  of 
execution  led  him  to  abuse  his  talents,  and 
his  later  works  show  the  coldness  of  a  man- 
nerist. He  had  a  well-attended  school  at 
Bologna.  Many  of  his  pictures  are  in  Bo- 
logna, c.</.,  St.  Francis  receiving  the  Stig- 
mata, Madonna,  Christ  praying  to  the  East. 
Holy  Family  and  Angels,  St.  Bonaventura, 
Madonna  with  Angels,  in  the  Pinacoteca ; 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Catharine,  in  S.  Caterina  ; 
Madonna  and  Saints,  in  S.  M.  della  Carit.i  ; 
St.  Francis  at  the  Xunziata.  Other  works  : 
St.  Francis,  Estonse  Gallery,  Modena  ;  Cu- 
pid, Madrid  Museum  ;  Madonna  with  Saints, 
Brera,  Milan  ;  Morpheus  appearing  to  Hal- 
cyon, Vienna  Museum  ;  Magdalen,  Dresden 
Museum  ;  Diana  and  Acheon,  Stuttgart  Gal- 
lery ;  Infant  Christ,  Christ  crowned  with 
Thorns,  Stockholm  Museum. — Ch.  Blanc. 
Ecole  bolonaise  ;  Burekhardt,  7f!4  ;  Gual- 
itiuli,  Guida,  117,  1155  ;  Malvasia,  ii.  24:5 ; 
Lan/i,  iii.  !I7. 

GESSXER,  SALOMON,  horn  in  Ziirich, 
April  1,  17:50,  died  there,  March  "2,  17SS. 
German  school.  Well-known  Swiss  poet. 
Landscape  painter,  self-taught  ;  began  to 
paint  in  Berlin,  where  he  was  sent  in  1741) 
to  learn  the  book  trade.  Later  in  Hamburg, 
and  on  his  return  home,  he  devoted  himself 
alternately  to  poetry  and  painting,  and  to 
the  latter  art  exclusively  after  17(!f>.  Works: 
Well  in  the  Woods,  Dreamer,  Arcadian  Well, 
Fisherman,  /cinch  Gallery.  His  son,  Kon- 
rad,  painted  with  some  reputation  in  Eng- 
land and  Scotland.  Works  :  Cavalry  Skir- 
mish (2),  View  in  Park  (2),  Driving  up  Hill, 
Horses  Grazing,  Ziirich  Gallery.  — Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  ix.  122  ;  Kugler  (Crowe),  ii.  5()(>. 

GETTYSBURG,  BATTLE  OF,  Peter  F. 
Hnthi-rmi'1,  Memorial  Hall,  Fail-mount  Park, 
Philadelphia;  canvas,  H.  1!)  ft.  x  15:5  ft. 
Painted  in  1871  for  State  of  Pennsylvania  ; 
$25,000.— Art  Journal  (1872),  20. 

GEYER,  ALEXIUS,  born  in  Berlin  in 
1826,  died  there,  July  10,  1883.  Landscape  , 


painter,  pupil  of  Berlin,  Munich,  and  Dres- 
den Academies ;  studied  then  several  years 
in  Rome  and  Paris,  and  travelled  for  ten 
years  through  Italy,  Greece,  the  East,  ami 
the  greater  part  of  Germany,  Switzerland, 
Belgium,  and  Holland.  Works  :  Ten  pict- 
ures for  King  Frederick  William  IV. ;  Series 
for  Archaeological  Museum  in  Rome;  Cyclo- 
rama  of  the  Bosphorus  ;  do.  of  the  Nile  ; 
Termini  ;  Civita  Lavigna  ;  View  in  Volsker 
Mountains  ;  Palermo  ;  Arabian  Landscape. 
-  Brockhaus,  viii.  7  ;  Milller,  20:5. 

<;EYKK.  .JOHAXX,  bom  at  Augsburg, 

•Jan.  1,  1807,  died  there,  Nov.  2(i,  1875. 
( ienre  painter,  pupil  of  Augsburg  art-school 
and  of  Munich  Academy  under  Clemens 
Zimmerman!)  ;  visited  France  ami  Belgium, 
and  was  from  ISIi.'i  until  1M!.">  professor  at 
the  Polytechnic  School  in  Augsburg.  Treated 
rococo  genre  scenes  with  exquisite  humour, 
and  represented  stuH's,  especially  satin,  with 
great  skill.  Works:  Cousiliuni  Mcdicum, 
End  of  Masked  Ball,  Physician  feeling  Lady's 
Pulse,  New  Pinakothek,  Munich;  Concert 
Rehearsal  ;  Christening  Feast,  Menagerie 
(IS!!.")),  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Frightened  Watch- 
man ;  Quarrelling  Ministrants  ;  Capuchin's 
Sermon  in  Wallenstein's  Camp;  Council  of 
Augsburg  receiving  Louis  the  Bavarian 
(1844),  Town  Hall,  Augsburg;  Painter  and 
Doorkeeper  (1840)  ;  Fornarina  in  Raphael's 
Studio  ;  Reception  of  a  Prince  in  Small 
Town,  Hanover  Gallery;  Charles  V.  in  Ti- 
tian's Studio  (1850);  Betrothal  (18.V2)  : 
Anteroom  of  a  Prince  (185(!)  ;  Opening  of 
Will  (1857),  Sei/.ure  of  a  Patrician  (1S<;:1), 
Bremen  Gallery;  Got/  von  Berlichingeil 
(185!t),  Erfurt  Gallery ;  Duke  of  Alva  at, 
Castle  Rudolstadt,  Prague  Gallery.  Brock- 
haus, viii.  7  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xi.  1!(I5. 

GKYLING,  RUDOLF,  born  in  Vienna  in 
1840.  (ienre  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna  Acad- 
emy under  Ruben  and  Wurxinger  ;  spent 
some  time  in  Italy,  and  settled  in  Vienna. 
Works :  Homeward  Journey  with  Siegfried's 
Body  (1808);  Playing  Amorettes  ;  Floren- 
tine Girl;  Interior  of  Peasant's  Yard  ;  In- 
terior of  Convent  ;  Sacrilcgists,  Vienna 


131 


GHENT 


Academy;  Peasant  Woman  in  Studio;  Labor 
in  Vain  ;  View  in  Siena. — M filler,  204  ; 
Zeitschr.,  xiii.  Ii75. 

GHENT,    JUSTUS   OF.     See   Justus  of' 
Ghent. 

GHERARDO  DALLE  NOTTI.  See 
Honthorst. 

GHEHINGH,  ANTON,  died  at  Antwerp 
in  1008.  Flemish  school ;  architecture 
painter,  master  of  the  guild  at  Antwerp  in 
1GG2.  Works :  Church  Interior  (1004), 
Dresden  Museum  ;  Interior  of  Jesuit  Church 
at  Antwerp  (1GGU),  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ; 
do.  (1005),  Vienna  Museum  ;  do.,  Madrid 
Museum. — Rooses  (Ileber),  435  ;  Van  den 
Branden,  1035. 

GHIHLANDAJO,  BENEDETTO  BI- 
GORDI  called,  born  in  Florence  in  1458, 
died  there,  July  17,  1407.  Florentine 
school.  Brother  of  Domenico  Ghirlandajo, 
for  whom  he  chieflyworked  during  the  great 
painter's  lifetime.  To  this  mediocre  paint- 
er, who  lived  several  years  in  France,  and 
was  richly  recompensed  by  the  king,  are 
ascribed  a  Resurrection,  Berlin  Museum  ; 
St.  Lucy,  in  S.  M.  Novella,  Florence  ;  and  a 
Christ  on  the  way  to  Golgotha,  Louvre. — 
C.  A:  C.,  Italy,  iii.  518  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le  Mon., 
xi.  284. 

GHIRLANDAJO,  DAVID  BIGOUDI 
called,  born  in  Florence,  March  14,  1452, 
died  there  in  1525.  Florentine  school. 
Brother  of  Domenico  and  Benedetto  ;  mas- 
ter in  guild  of  Florence  when  Domenico 
died.  He  was  a  mere  mechanical  work- 
man, with  little  talent,  but  superior  to  Bene- 
detto. Employed  himself  chiefly  with  mo- 
saics. David  assisted  his  nephew  Ridolfo 
in  painting  the  Madonna  della  Miscricordia, 
S.  Felice,  Florence.— C.  &  C.,  Italy,  iii.  520; 
Burckhardt,  G39. 

GHIRLANDAJO,  DOMENICO,  born  in 
Florence  in  1449,  died  there,  Jan.  11,  1404. 
Florentine  school.  Real  name  Domenico  di 
Tommaso  Curradi  di  Dosso  Bigordi ;  took  his 
surname  from  his  father,  a  goldsmith,  who 
was  called  Ghirlandajo  (garland-maker)  from 
the  wreaths  of  gold  and  silver,  worn  as  head- 


ornaments,    which   he   made.      Domenico's 
earliest  recorded  works  were  painted  about 

1480,  before 
which  he  had 
perhaps  re- 
ceived  in- 
struction from 
Alesso  Baldo- 
vinetti,  and 
had  learned 
much  by 
studying  the 
masterpieces 
of  Masaccio  at  the  Carmine.  He  began  his 
career  by  decorating  the  Vespucci  chapel 
in  the  Ogni  Santi,  Florence,  with  a  series 
of  frescos,  now  destroyed,  of  whose  quality 
a  St.  Jerome  in  the  church  and  a  IMXI 
Supper  in  the  refectory  give  no  very  high 
idea.  In  those  representing  the  Apothe- 
osis of  St.  Zanobins,  the  Madonna,  and  sev- 
eral Roman  heroes  afterwards  executed  in 
1481  in  the  Sala  dell'  Orologio,  Palazzo  Vec- 
chio,  the  style  is  still  unformed,  though  ad- 
vance in  technic  is  manifest.  Called  to  Rome 
by  Sixtus  IV.  in  1482,  Ghirlandajo  painted 
the  Calling  of  Peter  and  Andrew  upon  the 
walls  of  the  Sistine  Chapel  (finished  before 
1484),  in  which  he  showed  himself  a  fol- 
lower of  Masaccio  in  composition.  The  dig- 
nity of  the  Saviour,  the  somewhat  formal 
though  varied  grouping  of  the  attendant 
figures,  and  the  vast  landscape  which  fills 
the  background  combine  to  form  an  impres- 
sive and  effective  picture.  In  his  next  work, 
the  frescos  in  the  Chapel  of  S.  Fina,  San 
Gemignano  (before  1485),  Ghirlandajo  mani- 
fested a  hitherto  unrevealed  grace  and  ten- 
derness, especially  in  that  which  represents 
the  body  of  the  Saint  lying  on  a  bier.  After 
painting  a  Last  Supper  in  the  Convent  of  S. 
Marco,  Florence,  which  is  little  varied  from 
his  first  in  the  Ogni  Santi,  Ghirlandajo  exe- 
cuted the  frescos  of  the  Life  of  St.  Francis 
(1485)  in  the  Sassetti  Chapel,  S.  Trinita, 
Florence,  in  which  he  gave  the  whole  meas- 
ure of  his  admirable  powers.  Here  laud- 
scape  and  architectural  backgrounds  with 


132 


GHIULANDAJO 


local  features  are  used  to  set  off  groups  of 
figures  conceived  in  a  spirit  of  noble  real- 
ism ;  the  compositions  are  formed  in  the 
spirit  of  Masaccio  ;  the  heads,  many  of  them 
portraits,  are  drawn  with  the  accurate  and 
faithful  pencil  of  a  Holbein.  In  the  por- 
traits of  the  donors,  Francesco  Sassetti  and 
his  wife  Nava,  Ghirlandajo  equalled  the  great 
Gentian  master  in  truth,  in  character,  and 
in  modelling.  The  altarpiece  of  this  chapel, 
an  Adoration  of  the  Shf/thenlx  (1485),  is  now 
in  the  Florence  Academy.  Even  more  im- 
portant than  the  frescos  at  S.  Trinita  are 
those  of  the  Life  of  the  Vinjin  (14!)0)  in  the 
choir  of  S.  M.  Novella.  Among  them,  the 
Birth  of  the  Virgin  is  a  typical  example  of 
Ghirlaudajo's  style.  Of  the  former  altar- 
piece  of  this  chapel,  the  Munich  Gallery  pos- 
sesses the  Madonna  appearing  to  St.  Domi- 
nic and  other  Saints,  together  with  side- 
panels  of  Saints  Catherine  and  Laurence  ; 
and  the  Berlin  Museum  the  Resurrection  of 
Christ  and  Saints.  Other  works  by  Ghir- 
landajo are,  a  Madonna  with  Saints,  and  a 
predella,  sacristy  of  S.  Martino,  Lucca  ;  Ma- 
donna with  Saints  and  Adoration  of  the  Mniji 
(1487),  Adoration  of  Xhi-phenl*  (1485,  tr|1!/i), 
Florence  ;  Minion na  with  Saints,  Academy, 
ib. ;  Adoration  of  the  Mayi  (1488),  Chapel  of 
the  Hospital  of  the  Innocent!,  ib.;  (Jliri.--/  in 
Glory,  Palazzo  Publico,  Volterra  ;  Vinitiitimi 
(1491),  Louvre  ;  St.  Anthony,  New  York 
Museum.  — C.  it  C'.,  Italy,  ii.  459;  Vasari, 
ed.  Mil.,  iii.  25:?,  27!) ;  Dohme,  2i. 

GHIRLANDAJO,  RIDOLFO  MFGORDI 
called,  born  in  Flor- 
ence, Feb.  14,  1488, 
died  there  in  1561. 
Florentine  school ;  son 
of  Domenico ;  brought 
up  under  guardianship 
of  his  uncle,  David. 
Vasari  says  he  studied 
under  Fra  Bartolom- 
meo,  but  he  was  prob- 
ably most  indebted  for 
guidance  in  art  to  Granacci,  Piero  di  Cosi- ! 
ino,  and  perhaps  Rosselli.  His  Procession 


of  Christ  and  the  Marys  to  Calvary,  in  Pa- 
lazzo Antinori  a  S.  Gaetano,  Florence,  and 
his  Coronation  of  the  Virgin  (1504),  Louvre, 
arc  among  his  earliest  works.  Later  works 
show  the  influence  of  Fra  Bartolommeo  and 
of  Raphael,  as  the  Nativity,  Berlin  Museum; 
Nativity,  Kszterha/.y  Collection,  Vienna;  and 
a  predella  in  the  Oratory  of  Bigallo,  Flor- 
ence. Raphael  had  great  esteem  for  his 
talent,  and  vainly  tried  to  persuade  him  to 
join  him  in  Rome  in  1508,  as  Ridolfo  was 
satisfied  with  his  success  in  Florence.  His 
skill  reached  its  highest  point  in  his  richlv- 
coloured,  well-composed,  and  expressive  St. 
/(iiKtliiii*  raising  a  Dead  Child,  and  the  Bur- 
ial of  St.  Ziinuliitix,  rili/.i,  Florence.  His 
Madonna  dropping  her  Girdle  to  St.  Thom- 
as is  in  the  church  at  Prato,  and  M.  della 
Misericord ia  in  S.  Felice,  Florence.  Ridoll'o 
became  the  most  noted  painter  of  his  time 
in  Florence,  where  lie  executed  manv  com- 
missions for  the  Medici.  C.  \  C.,  Italy,  iii. 
518  ;  Vasari,  ed.  I,e  Mon.,  \i.  284  ;  Mar- 
chesi.  ii.  141  ;  Cli.  Illanc,  Kcole  tlorentine. 

GHISOLFI  (Grisolli),  GIOVANNI,  born 
in  Milan  in  l(i:!2,  died  there  in  l(>s:!.  Ro- 
man school  ;  architecture,  landscape,  and 
history  painter,  pupil  in  Rome  of  Salvator 
Rosa;  esteemed  as  a  painter  of  architecture, 
he  devoted  himself  after  his  return  to  Milan 
to  large  histories  and  altarpieces,  and  ex- 
ecuted frescos  for  the  Certosa  of  Pavia  and 
the  Santuario  of  Varese.  Works  :  Ruins  of 
Carthage,  Ruins  of  Splendid  Buildings, 
Ships  in  a  Seaport,  Dresden  Museum  ; 
Ruins  (2),  National  Gallery,  Edinburgh. 

GIACOMELLI,  HECTOR,  born  in  Paris 
of  foreign  parents;  contemporary.  Bird 
and  (lower  painter  in  water-colours.  L.  of 
Honour,  1878.  Works  :  Birds  and  Flowers 
(1878,  187!));  Wounded  (187!));  Perch  in  a 
Cage,  Farniente  (188:?). 

GIACOMOTTI,  FHLIX  HENRI,  born  at 
Quingey  (Doubs),  Nov.  18,  1828.  French 
school ;  genre  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of 
Picot  and  the  Kcole  des  Beaux  Arts  ;  won 
the  grand  prix  de  Rome  in  1854.  In  185!) 
he  sent  to  the  Salon  his  portraits  of  Edniond 


13:) 


GIAMBOKO 

About  and  of  Jules  David.  His  pictures  GIBRALTAR,  SIEGE  OP,  John  Single- 
have  a  certain  elegance  of  style  and  are  ton  Copley,  Guildhall,  London  ;  canvas, 
agreeable  in  colour.  Medals  in  1804,  18G5,  Scene  :  the  repulse  of  the  Spanish  floating 
and  1800 ;  L.  of  Honour,  1807.  Works  :  batteries  ;  the  firing  has  partly  ceased,  and 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Hippolytus,  Nymph  and  •  the  English  officers  are  endeavouring  to  res- 
Satyr  (18(11),  Besancon  Museum  ;  Love  cue  the  sufferers  from  the  burning  vessels, 
quenching  his  Thirst  (1803);  Agrippina  Painted  in  1789-90  for  Court  of  Common 
leaving  the  Camp  (1804),  Lillo  Museum  ;  Council  of  City  of  London.  Study  (4  ft,  4 
Abducfion  of  Amymonc  (18(55),  Luxem- '  in.  x  C  ft.  2  in.)  in  National  Gallery;  en- 
bourg  Museum  ;  Christ  blessing  Little  Chil-  graved  by  William  Sharp. — Cat.  Nat.  Gal. 
dren  (1867);  Cormela's  Last  Pin  (1868);  Pen-  GIDE,"  THKOPHILK,  born  in  Paris, 
tecost  (1870);  Cupid  and  Venus  (1878);  j  March  15,  1822.  History  and  genre  painter, 
Calvary,  The  Cemetery  (1875);  Soimino  pupil  of  Delaroche  and  Cogniet.  Usually 
(1870);  Night  (1877);  Christ  among  the !  paints  scenes  from  life  in  Italian  monas- 
Doctors,  Christ  blessing  the  Children,  De-  teries.  Medals :  3d  class,  18G1  ;  Medal, 
scent  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  St.  Etienne  du  1805,  1800;  L.  of  Honour,  1800.  Works: 
Mont,  Paris  ;  Portraits  of  Generals  Marulax  Condemnation  of  Cinq  Mars  (1855);  Raising 
and  Morand,  Hotel  do  Ville,  Besan<;on  ;  of  Youth  at  Nain  (1857);  Sully  leaving  the 
Portrait  of  Chancellor  d'Aguesseau,  Palais  Court  of  Louis  XIII.  (1863),  Angers  Muse- 
de  Justice,  Paris;  La  Giottina  (1879);  Gen-  um  ;  Farewell  to  the  Convent  (1804),  Ami- 
taur  and  Nymph  (1880);  Innocence  (1884).  i  ens  Museum;  Neapolitan  Singer  (1804); 
— Bellier  dc  la  Chavignerie,  i.  f>43  ;  La-  Studious  Monks  (1805),  Alem;on  Museum  ; 
rousse.  Pius  IX.  visiting  a  Convent ;  Practising  a 

GIAMBOXO,  MICH  E  L  E  ,  Venetian  Musical  Mass  (1800),  Roubaix  Museum  ; 
school,  middle  of  15th  century.  A  humble  School ;  Letter  of  Recommendation,  Co- 
follower  in  the  path  of  Jacobello  del  Fiore,  ligny  visited  by  Charles  IX.,  Two  Bad  Ac- 
but  showing  an  improvement  in  technical  quaiixtanees,  Cooper's  Shop  (1874);  Indis- 
handling,  due  to  the  study  of  Gentile  da  creet  Confidence,  Another  Glass !  (1875); 
Fabriano  and  of  Pisanello.  Giambono  Charles  IX.  forced  to  sign  the  Order  for  the 
treated  mosaic  with  more  skill  than  painting.  Massacre  of  the  Huguenots  (1870);  Interior 
— C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  i.  13  ;  Lermolieff,  395.  of  St.  Mark's  in  Venice,  Louis  XI.  surprised 

GIANNICOLA  BITTI.     Sec  .llmini.  by  his  Fool  when  at  Prayer  (1877);  Young 

GIANNU/7J,  GIULIO  PIPPI  DE'.  See  Invalid  (1878);  Othello  narrating  his  Ad- 
Ginlio  Romano.  ventures,  Father  Fiorista  (1879);  Marie  An- 

GIBERT,  JEAN  BAPTISTE  ADOLPHE,  toiuettc  in  the  Conciergerie  (1880);  Cavalier 
born  at  Pointe  a  Pitre,  Guadeloupe,  January  and  Maid-Servant,  Interior  of  a  Monastery 
24,  1803.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  in  Paris  in  Nice  (1881);  Mazarin  receiving  a  Mes- 
of  Gnillon-Lethirre  and  of  the  Ecole  des  senger  (1882);  The  Importunate  Person, 
Beaux  Arts ;  obtained  in  1829  the  grand  Visitors  to  the  Palace  of  Fontainebleau 
prix  de  Rome,  in  which  city  he  settled.  (1883);  Take  Care!  Checkmate  (1884);  No 
Works :  Forest  of  Nettuno  ;  Battle  of  Eck-  Jesting  with  edged  Tools  (1885).— Bellier 
mi'thl,  Versailles  Museum  ;  Calydoniau  Boar-  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  045. 
Hunt;  Banks  of  the  Teverone  (1850);  Acrop-j  GIERYMSKI,  MAX,  born  at  Warsaw, 
olis  of  Athens  (1853);  View  in  Pontine  Oct.  15,  1846,  died  at  Reichenhall,  Bavaria, 
Swamps  (1855),  Avignon  Museum  ;  View  of  Sept.  10,  1874.  Landscape  and  genre  paint- 
Ardea  (1859);  View  of  Abu  Mandarin  Egypt  I  er,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy  under  Alex- 
(1863);  View  from  Terrace  of  French  Acad-  ander  Wagner,  then  of  Franz  Adam,  and 
emy  in  Rome  (1872);  Views  in  Sicily.  j  later  led  to  landscape  by  Eduard  Schleich. 

134 


GIESSMANN 


A  visit  to  Poscn  in  1872,  to  Mr  ran  in  187:5, 
anil  to  Home  in  the  winter  of  1873-4,  failed 
to  restore  his  health,  broken  by  privations 
undergone  in  Poland  during  the  insurrec- 
tion, iu  which  he  took  part  in  180:5,  with 
the  rank  of  officer.  Honorary  member  of 
the  Berlin  Academy.  Works  :  Return  with- 
out the  Master,  Attack  of  Cossacks,  Funeral 
in  Polish  Town  (1808);  Alarm-Shot,  Recon- 
noitring, Spinning-Room  in  Poland,  Duel 
on  Horseback,  The  Train  is  Coining,  Light- 
Horse  Marching  (LSI!!));  Return  from  the 
Chase,  Spring  Promenade  (1870);  Meeting 
before  the  Chase,  On  the  Vistula,  After  the 
first  Ball,  Starting  for  the  Chase,  Hunting 
Scene  (1871);  Night  Scene,  Country  Road 
in  Poland,  Ride  through  Beech-drove,  Po- 
lish Village  Street,  In  front  of  Polish  Inn 
(1872);  Morning  in  Polish  Camp,  Moonlight 
Scene,  Advance  Guard  Alarmed,  Cossacks 
on  the  March  (187:!);  Stag-Hunt  in  Eigh- 
teenth Century  (187-1),  National  Gallery, 
Berlin. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  150  ;  Allgem. 
Zeitg.,  Aug.  27,  181-2,  Bcilage,  210;  Dios- 
kuren  (1874),  :!57  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  vi.  7  ; 
x.  440. 

(HESSMANX,  FRIEDRICH,  born  in 
Leipsic,  Dec.  151,  1810,  died  in  Munich, 
Sept.  '21,  1847.  History  painter,  pupil  of 
Dresden  and  Munich  Academies,  in  the  lat- 
ter under  Julius  Schnorr,  from  whose  car- 
toons he  painted  live  great  compositions  in 
the  new  Royal  Palace.  Works  :  Scenes  from 
Life  of  Charlemagne,  Rudolph  von  Haps- 
burg,  and  Frederick  Barbarossa,  and  4  other 
pictures,  Royal  Palace,  Munich  ;  Prodigal 
Son. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  l(i(i. 

GIFFORD,  FANNIE  ELLIOT,  born  in 
New  Bedford,  Mass.,  in  1844.  Landscape 
and  bird  painter ;  wife  of  Robert  Swain 
Gifford  ;  studied  at  the  Cooper  Institute 
schools,  New  York,  and  under  Samuel  Gerry 
of  Boston.  Studio  in  New  York. 

GIFFORD,  ROBERT  SWAIN,  born  on 
the  Island  of  Naushon,  Gosnold,  Mass.,  Dee. 
23,  1840.  Landscape  painter  and  etcher  ; 
studied  in  New  Bedford  under  Albert  van 
Beest,  marine  painter,  iu  1804,  and  settled 


in  New  York  in  1800  ;  made  sketching 
tours  iu  California  and  Oregon  in  18011,  and 
in  Europe  and 
North  Africa  in 
1870  71,  and  again 
in  1874-75.  Began 
to  paint  in  water- 
colours  in  18(55, 
and  soon  became 
a  prominent  mem- 
ber i if  the  Water 
Colour  Society. 
Klected  an  A.N.A. 

in  1870,  and  N.A.  in  1878.  Works  in  oil: 
Scene  at  Manchester  (I8li7);  Mount  Hood 
—  Oregon  (1870);  Kntnmco  to  Moorish 
House — Tangier.  View  of  the'  Golden  Horn 
(187:5);  Halting  for  Water,  Passenger  Boats 
on  Nile  (1871);  Uootli  in  Algeria,  Rossetti 
Garden-  Cairo  (1875);  Freight  Boat  on 
Nile,  Egyptian  Caravan  (187(1);  Border  of 
the  Desert  (1877);  Dartmouth  Moors  (1878); 
Sailers  Beach  (187'.l);  Coast  of  New  England 
(1880);  Hillside,  Old  Fields  (1881);  Non- 
iniitt  Cliff  (1882);  Near  /aandam  Holland, 
Salt  Marshes  (188:5);  Point  Road,  /nyder- 
7ee  (1884);  On  the  Paskamansctt,  Shores 
of  Bu/./.ard's  Hay,  Salt.  Mills  at  Dartmouth 
(1885).  Water-colours:  Deserted  Whaler 
(18(17);  Autumn  on  the  Sea-shore  (18C>8); 
Return  from  Phihe — Egypt  (1871);  Low 
Tide,  Old  Fort  (1874 );  Venetian  Companion, 
Guerande  (187(i);  Evening  in  the  Sahara, 
Scene  on  the  Campagna,  Oasis  of  Filiarch 
— Algeria  (1877);  On  the  Lagoon  —Venice 
(1878).— Am.  Art  Rev.  (1880),  417. 

GIFFORD,  SANDFORD  ROBINSON, 
born  at  Greenfield,  N.  Y.,  July  10,  182.'!, 
died  in  New  York,  Aug.  2!),  1880.  Land- 
scape painter,  graduate  of  Brown  University 
in  1842  ;  in  1844  went  to  New  York,  and 
became  pupil  of  J.  R.  Smith  and  of  the 
National  Academy.  Elected  an  A.N.A.  in 
1851,  and  N.A.  in  18.54.  In  1855-57  studied 
in  Paris  and  Rome,  and  sketched  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  Europe  ;  in  1808-G9  sketched  in 
Italy,  Greece,  Syria,  and  Egypt,  and  in  1870 
in  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Works  :  Kauters- 


GIGNOUX 


kill  Clove,  Twilight  (185!))  ;  Bivouac  of  the 
7th  Regiment  at  Arlington  Heights  (1861)  ; 
Shrewsbury  River 
(1808)  ;  San  Giorgio 
(1869)  ;  Fishing-Boats 
oil  the  Adriatic,  Charles 
Stewart  Smith,  New 
York  ;  Pallanza,  Tivoli 
(1870);  S.  M.  cli  Salute 
—Venice,  R.  C.  Tuft, 
Providence  ;  Lago 
Maggiore,  It.  L.  Stew- 
art, New  York ;  Monte 
Ferro(1871);  <!<>M<;iiH<.mi  (1872);  Venetian 
Sails  (1874),  J.  J.  Astor,  New  York  ;  Pallauza 
— Lago  Maggiore,  T.  B.  Clarke,  ib. ;  Castle 
of  Chillon,  Samuel  Hawk  Collection,  ib.  ; 
October  in  the  Catskills,  J.  P.  Morgan,  ib. ; 
Luke,  Mountains  of  Vermont,  M.  K.  Jesup, 
ib. ;  Autumnal  Scene,  Marine  anil  City,  J.  C. 
Coale,  Baltimore  ;  View  in  Venice,  H.  B. 
Hurlbut  Collection,  Cleveland  ;  Mansfield 
Mountain — Vermont,  Mrs.  Joseph  Harrison, 
Philadelphia  ;  At  Beni-Hassan,  Near  Paler- 
mo (187G) ;  Leander's  Tower,  Sunset  on  the 
Hudson,  Fire  Island  Beach  (1877);  Sunset  — 
Bay  of  New  York  (1878)  ;  Villa  Malta- 
Rome,  Claversack  Creek,  Sea-shore,  looking 
Eastward  at  Sunset  (1879)  ;  Ruins  of  the 
J'url/n'iiun  (1880),  Corcoran  Gallery,  Wash- 
ington ;  Sunrise  on  the  Matterhorn  (1880). 
—Am.  Art.  Rev.  (1880),  851  ;  Kunst-Chrou- 
ik,  xvi.  '25. 

GIGNOUX,  REGIS,  born  in  Lyons  in 
181(i,  died  in  1882.  Landscape  painter, 
lirst  instructed  at  Freiburg,  Breisgau,  then 
pupil  of  Lj'ons  Academy,  and  in  Paris  of  the 
Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts  and  of  Delaroche  ; 
went  to  America  in  1844,  became  member  of 
the  National  Academy  in  New  York  in  1851, 
and  returned  to  France  in  1870.  Works : 
Bernese  Alps  by  Sunrise,  Indian  Summer  in 
Virginia,  Niagara  in  Winter  ;  Four  Seasons 
in  America,  Baron  Rothschild,  Paris  ;  Dis- 
mal Swamp  ;  Mount  Washington,  Mrs.  A. 
T.  Stewart,  New  York  ;  Niagara  by  Moon- 
light, August  Belmout,  ib. ;  Mammoth  Cave, 
Historical  Society,  ib.;  Winter  Scene,  Cor- 


coran Gallery,  Washington  ;  Moonlight  on 
the  Sagueuay  (Johnston  Sale,  New  York, 
1876);  Spring.— Milller,  205  ;  Tuckerman. 

GIGOUX,  JEAN  FRANCOIS,  born  in 
Besaneon,  Jan.  8,  1806.  History  and  genre 
painter,  pupil  of  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts. 
A  skilful  painter,  and  a  good  lithogra- 
pher. Medals  :  2d  class,  1833  ;  1st  class,  1835 
and  1848 ;  L.  of  Honour,  1842  ;  officer, 
1880.  Works  :  Henry  IV.  writing  Verses  in 
the  Missal  of  Gabrielle  d'Estrees  (1833)  ; 
Mine.  Dubarry  Dressing ;  A  Good  Advent- 
ure ;  Count  Comminges  recognized  by  his 
Mistress  ;  Death  of  Leonardo  da  Vinci 
(1835),  Besanyon  Museum  ;  Anthony  and 
Cleopatra  after  the  Battle  of  Actium  ;  He- 
loi'se  receiving  the  Remains  of  Abelard  ; 
Magdalen,  bought  by  State  ;  St.  Genevieve  ; 
St.  Philip  healing  a  Sick  Man  ;  Baptism  of 
Clovis  (1844),  ordered  by  State  ;  Nativity 
(do.)  ;  Death  of  Mauon  Lescaut ;  Death  of 
Cleopatra  (1850),  Good  Samaritan  (1857), 
Portrait  of  Fourier,  Luxembourg  Museum  ; 
Charlotte  Corday  (1848)  ;  Galatea  (1852)  ; 
The  Vintage  (1853)  ;  The  Eve  of  Austerlitz 
(1857),  Besaneon  Museum  ;  An  Arrest  dur- 
ing the  Terror  (1859)  ;  Head  of  Sarassin 
(1861)  ;  Poetry  of  Southern  France  (1866)  ; 
First  Meditation  (1867) ;  Magdalen  (1870)  ; 
The  Fisherman  and  the  Little  Fish  (1872)  ; 
Father  Lacour  (1875)  ;  A  Boy  (1876) ;  Youth 
of  Do  Ruyter  (1877)  ;  Fountain  of  Youth, 
Magdalen  in  the  Desert  (1878)  ;  Beauty 
Asleep  in  the  Woods  (1879)  ;  In  the  Desert, 
Martha  (1880)  ;  A  Luxurious  Man  (1883)  ; 
Capture  of  Ghent,  Portrait  of  Charles  VHL, 
Versailles  Museum.  He  has  also  executed 
the  decorations  of  a  chapel  in  Saint  Gervais, 
Paris,  and  religious  pictures  for  St.  Germain 
1'Auxerrois,  St.  Merri,  and  St.  Protais. — 
Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  646  ;  Gaz.  des 
B.  Arts  (1864),  xvi.  168  ;  Meyer,  Gesch., 
286  ;  Mnller,  205. 

GILBERT,  Sir  JOHN,  born  at  Black- 
heath,  Kent,  in  1817.  History  and  portrait 
painter,  self-taught,  excepting  a  few  lessons 
from  George  Lance  ;  began  as  an  illustrator 
for  newspapers  and  books ;  exhibited  first 


130 


GILBERT 


vV 


oil  pain  ting  at  Royal  Academy  in  1830.  After- 
wards turned  his  attention  to  water-colour 
painting  ;  elected 


an  associate  of  the 
Water  Colour  So- 
ciety in  1852,  a 
member  in  I853t 
and  president  in 
1872,  when  lie  was 
knighted ;  became 
also  an  A.K.A.  in 
1872,  and  H.A.  in 
1870.  Medal,  Par- 
is, 3d  class,  1878  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1878. 
Works  :  Don  Quixote  giving  Advice  to  San- 
cho  (1841)  ;  Kin"  Henry  IV.  (LSI.",)  ;  Des- 
deiiiona,  Charlemagne  visiting  the  Schools, 
Death  of  Cardinal  Beaufort  (1840);  Murder 
of  Thomas  a  Bccket  (18111) ;  Touchstone  and 
the  Shepherd  (1850)  ;  Destruction  of  Job's 
Flock  (1851)  ;  Royalist  Cavalry  at  Edgchill 
(1857)  ;  Cardinal  Wolsey  and  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham  (1802)  ;  Army  on  tho  March 
(1803)  ;  Rembrandt  (1807);  Cnin-ofiilimi  of 
Clergy  (1871 1 ;  Charles  I.  leaving  Westmin- 
ster Hall  after  Sentence)  (1872);  Xaseby, 
First  Prince  of  Wales  (1873);  Field  of  the 
( 'lot  li  of  ( Sold  ( 1871) ;  Wolsey  at  Leicester  Ab- 
bey, Doge  and  Senators  of  Venice  in  Council 
(1877);  May  Dew,  Ready  (1878);  Return  of 
the  Victors  (1871);;  Fair  St.  George  (1881); 
Youth  and  Age,  Fight  for  tho  Standard, 
Winchelsea  in  Sussex  (1882) ;  Don  Quixote 
and  Sancho,  Trumpeter,  Thomas  a  Beeket, 
The  Baron's  Raid  (188:5);  Morning  of  Agin- 
court  (1884);  A  Standard  Bearer  (1885); 
Rubens  in  his  Studio,  W.  H.  Vanderbilt, 
New  York. — Meynell,  17;  Art  Journal 
(1857),  241  ;  Portfolio  (1871),  49;  111.  Lon- 
don News,  180!). 

GILBERT,  VICTOR  GABRIEL,  born  in 
Paris  ;  contemporary.  Genre  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Adam,  Levasseur,  and  Bus- 
son.  Medal,  2d  class,  1880.  Works  :  Prep- 
arations for  Dinner  (1873);  Vender  of 
Household  Utensils,  Poultry  Vender  (1878); 
Corner  in  Fish-Hall  (1880);  Pavilion  de  la 
Maive-Halles  ceiitrales,  Soup  Vender  (1881); 


Departure  for  Night-fishing,  Return  from 
Fishing  (1HK2) ;  Stall  in  Pavilion  de  la  Man'e 
(1NN3);  Viand  Carriers  (1SS4)  ;  Sunday 
Afternoon  in  a  Parisian  Market,  Bather 
(1885). 

GILDER.     See  Don-nr. 

GILDER,  HELENA  DE  KAY,  born  in 
New  York  ;  contemporary.  Figure,  and 
still-life  painter.  Visited  Europe  in  1S7'.I. 
Olid  of  founders  of  Society  of  American 
Artists.  In  1877  she  contributed  The  Last 
Arrow  to  its  first  exhibition.  Sent  to  tho 
National  Acadcmv  in  1H7S,  Young  Mother; 
in  1SS1,  Flowers  ;  in  lS8:t,  Portrait  and 
Water  Lily.  Studio  in  New  York. 

GILLEMAXS,  .JAN  P.U'WEL,  the  elder, 
born  at  Antwerp  in  1018,  died  there  after 
Aug.  12,  1075.  Flemish  school  ;  still-life 
and  portrait  painter,  master  of  tho  guild  in 
10IS.  Works:  Silver  Plate  with  Grapes, 
etc.,  Table  with  Ham,  Beer-mug,  etc.,  Tli. 
van  Lei-ins,  Antwerp  ;  Fruit-piece,  Rotter- 
dam Museum;  do.,  Lille  Museum;  Table 
spread,  with  Fruit,  Ovsters,  etc.,  Liechten- 
stein Gallery,  Vienna;  Garland  around  Ma- 
donna, Bamberg  Gallery;  Fruit-piece,  Ta- 
ble spread,  with  Flowers,  Fruit,  costly 
Vessel,  and  Lute,  Schwerin  Gallery.  Van 
den  Branden,  111)!. 

GILLEMANS,JANPAUWEL,theyoung- 
er,  born  at  Antwerp,  baptized  Sept.  :!,  1051, 
died  there  after  March  31,  1702.  Flemish 
school;  still-life  painter,  son  of  Jan  Pauwel 
G.,  tho  cider,  pupil  of  Joris  van  Son;  master 
of  tin;  guild  in  1074.  Works:  Offering  to 
Mercury,  Jos.  de  Bom,  Antwerp;  Garden 
Fruits,  Breakfast  Table,  Schwerin  Gallery; 
Still  Life,  Sehonborn  Gallery,  Vienna.  - 
Rooses(Reber),  433;  Van  den  Branden,  11 15. 

GILLIG,  JACOB,  born  at  Utrecht  about 
1030,  died  there  in  1088  (?).  Dutch  school ; 
still-life  painter,  especially  of  fish,  which  ho 
represented  with  great  skill  ;  afterwards 
also  painted  portraits,  and,  it  is  said,  land- 
scapes. Works  :  Dead  Fish  (1008),  Berlin 
Museum  ;  do.  (1(578),  Carlsruhe  Gallery  ; 
Burning  of  Troy(V),  Cassel  Gallery. — Kramm, 
574. 


137 


GILLISEN 


GILLISEN,  KARL,  born  at  Aachen, 
April  2:?,  1842.  Military  genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Antwerp  Academy  under  Nicaise  do 
Keyser,  and  in  Dilsseldorf  of  Hunteii;  joined 
in  1804  the  Belgian  Corps  for  Mexico  as  a 
volunteer,  returned  in  180G,  and  took  part 
in  the  campaign  of  1870  in  France.  Works: 
Guerillas  are  Coming!  (1870);  Morning 
after  Battle,  Volunteer  Nurses  on  Battle- 
lield  ;  Temporary  Dressing  ;  Outposts  near 
1'aris  ;  Indians  before  Invasion  of  Mexican 
Estate;  Prairie  Hunters  iu  Flight.  —  Miiller, 


GILLOT, 


r 


CLAUDE,  born  at  Laugres, 
Haute-Marne,  in 
1073.  died  iu  Paris, 
May 4, 1722.  French 
school;  genre  paint- 
er and  engraver, 
first  instructed  by 
his  father,  then  pu- 
pil of  J.  B.  Corneille 
in  1'aris.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  ar- 
tists in  France  to 


• 

•      •!• 

1 

S 

Hs! 

ȣ 

*•%• 

^j 
x 

i-./f 

•v 

"^ 

~1N-  ^ 

>i'3-V,' 

Vv- 

paint  conversation  pieces,  tragic  and  comic 

actors,   satyrs    and    fauns,    charlatans,   mas- 

querades and  balls.     These  paintings,  clev- 

erly conceived,  and  executed  with  spirit  and 

iaste,   were  for  a  long  time    the   object   of 

universal  admiration,  and  led  to  his  admis- 

sion into  the 

Acadcmv    in 

1715.  Works: 

Feast  of  Pan; 

do.    ofBac-  pi^  ^ 

chus,  llaczyu-  ^      /    ****  U    '?/<> 

ski    Gallery, 

Berlin  ;  do.  of  Diana  disturbed  by  Satyrs  ; 

the  Milkmaid.  —  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  francaisc. 

GILMAN,  Mrs.  C.  II.,  born  at  Steubeu- 
ville,  O.  ;  contemporary.  Flower  painter, 
pupil  of  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts,  later  of  Carol  us  Duran.  Studied  abroad 
from  1878  to  1882.  Studio  in  Philadelphia. 
Work,  Roses,  T.  B.  Clarke,  New  York. 

GILPIN,  SAWREY,  born  at  Carlisle, 
England,  Nov.  11,  1733,  died  at  Brompton, 


March  8,  1807.  Pupil  of  Samuel  Scott, 
marine  painter,  London,  but  devoted  him- 
self to  painting  of  animals,  especially  horses. 
Exhibited  in  1703-04  at  the  Society  of  Ar- 
tists, of  which  he  was  for  a  time  president, 
portraits  of  horses  ;  in  1770,  Darius  obtain- 
ing the  Persian  Empire  by  the  Neighing  of 
his  Horse  ;  and  in  1771,  Gulliver  taking 
leave  of  the  Houyhnhnms.  In  1795  he 
became  an  A.R.A.,  and  in  1707  R.A.  His 
brother,  Rev.  William  Gilpiu  (1724-1804), 
was  an  amateur  landscape  painter  and  a 
writer  on  art;  and  his  son,  William  Sawrey 
Gilpin,  was  a  water-colour  painter,  and  h'rst 
president  (1804)  of  the  Water  Colour  So- 
ciety. —  Redgrave;  F.  do  Couches,  344;  Ch. 
Blanc,  Ecole  anglaise  ;  Sandby,  i.  310. 

GDHGNANI  (Gemignaui,  Giminiani, 
Geminiani),  GIACINTO,  born  at  Pistoja  in 
1G11,  died  in  1081.  History  painter,  Ro- 
man school  ;  pupil  at  Rome  of  Nicolas  Pous- 
sin,  whom  he  followed  in  composition  and 
design,  and  later  in  the  school  of  Pietro  da 
Cortona,  whose  style  of  colouring  he  adopt- 
ed. He  painted  in  fresco  in  the  Baptistery 
of  S.  Giovanni  in  Latcrauo,  Rome,  subjects 
from  the  life  of  Constantino.  Works  :  Le- 
auder,  Ariadne,  Uffizi,  Florence  ;  Rebekah 
at  the  Well,  Palazzo  Pitti,  ib.  ;  two  pictures 


/£  (j 

J 


miwu 


from  life  of  St.  John,  S.  Giovanni,  Pistoja  ; 
St.  Roch,  Duomo,  ib.  His  son,  Lodovico 
(l(i44-97),  excelled  in  fresco  ;  also  painted 
altarpieces. 

GINAIN,  EUGENE  LOUIS,  born  in 
Paris,  July  28,  1818.  Military  and  horse 
painter,  pupil  of  Chariot  and  of  Abel  de 
Pujol.  In  1840  ho  followed  the  campaign  in 
Algeria,  and  in  1840  one  in  Spain.  Medals  : 
3d  class,  1857,  1801  ;  2d  class,  1803  ;  L. 
of  Honour,  1878.  Works  :  Duo  d'Orleans 
during  the  Campaign  of  Teniah  (1841);  Re- 
view in  Champ  de  Mars  (1849),  Versailles 
Museum  ;  Colonel  Daumas  receiving  the 


138 


GINGELEN 

Submission  of  Mahi-ed-Din  in  1835,  Algiers  sold.     He  acquired  at  this  time  tho  surname 

Museum  ;  Bull  King  at  Seville  (185:!),  Due  of  Fa-Presto,  because  he  painted  with  such 

de    Montpensier  ;     Towing    tho    Daumont  extreme   rapidity. 

(1855);  Death  of  General  Dosaix  at  Marongo  In   1(57',)  Lnea  was 

(1857),  Versailles  Museum  ;  /ouaves  in  the  called  to   Florence 

Battle  of  Afroun,  Camp  of  Chalons  (1857) ;  by  the  Grand  Duke, 

Military  Exercises  (1850);    Return    of    the  who  gave  him  large    '|' 

Army  of  Italy  to  Paris  in  185!)  (18(51 ),  Ver-  commissions,                :jr   ' 

sailles  Museum  ;    Journey  of  the  Emperor  through   which   ho   'KT*'          J.1  ' 

to  Algiers  (18(53);    Fantasia   (18(54);    Tow-  acquired    a     great        ^Tf^^ 

Horses,  Arab  Horseman  (18(55)  ;  The  Grand  reputation.      In            '^•^•'~ 

Sherif  Adi-Ali-Ben-Brahim  (1S(5(5);  El  Halib  K5D2  ho  was  invited 

(18(58);    Column    returning    from    a    Raid  to  Spain  by  Charles 

(18(5!))  ;  Horse   of    (Jaada  (1870);  Algerian  II.,  who  gave  him  titles,  honour,  and  wealth. 

Campaign  of    1840  (1872)  ;  Review  of  June  'Giordano  painted  manv  frescos  in  the  Esco- 

2!),  1871  (1871!),  bought  by  State  ;  Assembly  rial,  in  tho  palace  of  Kuon  Rotiro.  theCathe- 

of  a  Goum  by  the  Caid  (1871) ;  On  the  Road,  dral  of   Toledo,    and    other    churches,    and 

Entrance  to  the  Stable,  A  Hurdle   (1875);  numerous  portraits.      He  returned  to  Italy 

The  Sherif,  Tho   Retreat  (187(!)  ;  Artillery  in  1702,  was  splendidly  received  by  Clement 

on   the  March  (1878);  The   Horse  Follefte  XI.,  and  settled  in  his  native  city.     Giordano 

(187!)).— Milller,  207.  was  the   last   of   the   great,  Italian  painters. 

GINGELEN',  JACQUES   VAN,   born    at  Some  of  his  works  show  marks  of  genius, 

Borgonhout,  near  Antwerp,    July   21,  1810.  and    with    more     conscientious    labour    he 

Landscape    painter,    pupil    of   Moerenhout,  might   have  equalled   the  greatest    masters, 

then  in  Paris  of  Lo  Poitteviii.      Works  :  View  but  owing  to  his   fatal  facility  of  execution 

of    Antwerp     (183S)  ;     View     of     Boulogne  he    violated    all    the    rules    of     good    taste. 

(1839) ;  View  in  Normandy  (1840) ;  DC  Ver-  Works:    Christ    driving    out    the   Money- 

wachting  ;  Return   of  Fishermen.  —  Immer-  Changers,   S.  Filippo,  Naples;  Ceiling   I'ros- 

zeel,  i.  271).  'cos,    S.    Martino,   ib.  ;    Judgment    of    l'nri.<, 

GIOCONDO,    MADONNA    LISA    DEL.  Berlin  Museum  :  St.  Francis  Xavior  bapti/.- 

Soo  Mnnun  Lisa.  ing,  Mm/minii  del  Rosario,  Naples  Museum  ; 

GIOLFINO,  NICCOL*  >,   bom  at  Verona  ceiling  fresco,    Pala/./o  Riccardi,   Florence; 

about    14(!5,    died    after    1518.       Venetian  Galatea,    Portrait    of    himself,    Ufli/.i,    ib.  ; 

school  ;  history  painter.      Works  :  Portraits  1  {ape  of  the  Sabines,  Pala/./o  Adorno,  Genoa  ; 

of  the  Giusti  Family  (2),  National  Galleiy,  Clorinda,   Pala//o  Brignole  Sale,   ib.  ;    Per- 

London  ;  Madonna  and  Saints,  Berlin   Mil-  sens,     Pala/./o     Realo,   ib.  ;    Madonna   with 

seum  ;  do.  (2),  Musco  Civioo,  Verona  ;  Fros-  Saints,    Brora,    Milan;    Descent   from    tho 


cos  in  Santa  Maria  in  Organo,  ib. 

GIORDANO,    LUC  A,    called    Fa-Presto, 


Cross,  Venice  Academy;  Fall  of  the   .-Im/i'/x 
(1(5(5(5),  twelve  others,  Vienna  Museum  ;   I.u- 


born  in  Naples  in  H5IJ2,  died  there,  Jan.  12,  en-tut  and  Tarquin,  /'TSCI/X  and  Phineus, 
1705.  Neapolitan  school ;  son  of  Antonio  Jfi-rrnlt'x  and  Omphale,  Ilapo  of  the  Siiliiiirx, 
Giordano,  a  poor  painter,  who  taught  him  L»t  and  his  Daughters,  Suxannii,  J<irnl>  and 
design;  studied  nine  years  with  Spagnoletto, '  Rachel,  Ariailim,  and  others,  Dresden  Gal- 
then  went  to  Rome  and  became  pupil  and  i  lory  ;  Massacre  of  the  Innocents,  Artist's 
assistant  of  Pietro  da  Cortoua  for  three  Portrait,  five  others,  Old  Pinakothek,  Mu- 
years.  Visited  Bologna,  Parma,  Venice,  and  '  nich  ;  Judgment  of  Paris,  three  others,  Co- 
other  cities,  making  many  copies  of  the  plot-  pcnhagen  Galleiy  ;  Glorification  of  St.  Cath- 
ures  of  the  great  masters,  which  his  father  arine,  An  Astronomer,  Portrait  of  a  Priest. 


GIOEGKJN'E 


Cologne  Museum  ;   Mart  and  Venus,  Lou- ' 
vre  ;   Pietu,   Sleeping  Bacchus,   Diana   and 
Callisto,  and  others,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg ;   G8  pictures  in  Madrid  Museum.— 


/ 


695 


Kugler  (Eastlake),  ii.  508  ;  Burckhardt,  7G8, 
etc.;  Lavice,  41,  etc. 

GIORGTONE,  IL,  horn  at  Castelfranco 
about  1477,  died  at 
Venice  in  1511.  Ve- 
netian school.  Real 
name  Giorgio  Barba- 
relli  ;  pupil  of  Giovan- 
ni Bellini  and  fellow- 
pupil  of  Titian,  who 
ii  f  forwards  became  his 
(Giorgione's)  pupil. 
Of  his  life  nothing  is 
\  known,  save  that  it 

was  passed  at  Venice  and  Castelfranco,  in 
which  latter  place  the  house  where  he  was 
born,  now  called  Casa  IVllizzari,  contains 
remains  of  his  decorative  frescos.  Giorgi- 
one  decorated  the  exterior  of  many  houses 
and  palaces  at  Venice  with  frescos  now  ef- 
faced ;  his  oil  paintings,  owing  to  the  short- 
ness of  his  life,  are  comparatively  few.  He 
treated  subjects  of  the  class  introduced  by 
Bellini,  such  as  allegories,  legendary  epi- 
sodes, and  bacchanals,  in  which  figures  are 
set  off  by  landscape  with  the  happiest  effect, 
and  painted  many  splendid  portraits.  His 
works  are  conspicuous  for  rich  and  brilliant 
colour,  for  breadth  and  nobility  of  style,  and 
for  a  poetical,  sensuous  charm  which  fas- 
cinates and  delights  the  beholder.  Works  : 
Ordeal  of  Moses,  Judgment  of  Solomon, 
Uffizi,  Florence  ;  Concert,  Palazzo  Pitti,  ib.  ; 
Family  of  Giorgione,  Prince  Giovanelli,  ib.; 
Madonna  with  Saints  (before  1504),  Parish 
Church,  Castelfrauco  ;  Christ  bearing  Cross, 


Casa  Loschi,  Vicenza ;  Judgment  of  Solo- 
mon, Kingston-Lacy,  near  Wimbom,  Eng- 
land ;  Adoration  of  Magi,  Leigh  Court,  near 
Bristol,  England  ;  Nativity,  Beaumont  Collec- 
tion, London  ;  Knight  in  Armour,  Story  of 
Myrrha  (Hamilton  Palace  sale,  £1,350),  Na- 
tional Gallery,  ib.  ;  Chaldean  Sages,  Vienna 
Museum.  Among  works  ascribed  to  him 
are :  Rustic  Concert,  Holy  Family,  Louvre  ; 
Assumption,  Madrid  Museum ;  Entomb- 
ment, Monte  di  Pieta,  Treviso  ;  Knight  of 
Malta,  Uffizi,  Florence  ;  Nymph  and  Satyr, 
Finding  of  Moses,  St.  John  Baptist,  Portrait 
of  a  Lady,  Palazzo  Pitti,  ib. ;  Youth  attacked 
by  a  Soldier,  Vienna  Museum  ;  Jacob  and 
Rachel,  Adoration  of  Shepherds,  Horoscope, 
Dresden  Gallery  ;  Finding  of  Moses,  Brera, 
Milan  ;  Apollo  and  Daphne,  Archiepiscopal 


'S-O--     .]  *-l^  t  -  '*i&    i         ,,<•'''• 

^        ',W.  ' 


II  Giorno,  Correggio,  Parma  Gallery. 

Seminary,  Venice  ;  Repose  in  Egypt,  Prince 
of  Palermo,  Historical  Society,  New  York. 
— C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  119  ;  Liibke,  Gesch. 
ital.  Mai.,  ii.  485  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  91 ; 
Lermolieff,  193  ;  W.  &  W.,  ii.  721 ;  Meyer, 


GIOIIGIOXE 


Kfinst  Lex.,  ii.  692;  Dohme,  2iii  ;  Cli.  Blanc, 
ficole  venitienne. 

GIORGIONE,  FAMILY  OF,  GW//o,,,', 
Palazzo  Giovanelli,  Florence  ;  canvas,  H.  2 
ft.  9  in.  x  2  ft  5  in.  A  man  in  tights  and 
slashed  doublet,  said  to  be  Giorgione,  stand- 
ins;  leaning  on  a  staft' to  the  left  ;  a  mother 


GIOTTIN'O,  born  (?),  died  after  1300. 
Florentine  school.  Probably  identical  with 
Giotto  di  Maestro  Stefano,  whoso  name  ap- 
pears in  the  register  of  Florentine  painters 
in  13(>K.  Vasari  calls  him  Tommaso  di  Ste- 
fano, and  says  he  was  born  in  1324,  thus 
confounding  him  with  Maso  di  Banco  (died 


seated  on  the  bank,  giving  the  breast  to  her   after  1351),  whom  Ghiberti  makes  the  pupil 

child,  to  the  right ;  background,  a  beautiful   of  Giotto,  and  who  was  admitted  to  the  guild 

landscape.      Formerly  in 

Palazzo   Manfrini,  Venice. 

— C.  A:  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  130; 

Zeitschr.   f.   b.   K.    (1800), 

No.  11. 

GIORNO,  IL  (The  Day), 
or  Madonna  of  St.  Jerome. 
Correggio,  Parma  Gallery  ; 
wood,  H.  0  ft.  0  in.  x  4  ft. 
H  in.  The  Virgin,  with  Je- 


'' 


.  - 
- 


• 
' 

'' 


& 


BUS  on  her  arm,  sitting ; 
Jesus  is  playing  with  the 
hair  of  the  Magdalen,  who 
is  half  kneeling  beside  him; 
behind  her  is  a  boy  with  a 
vase  of  ointment ;  on  the 
other  side,  St.  Jerome,  with 
the  lion  behind  him,  is 
standing,  carrying  a  book 
which  an  angel  aids  him 
in  supporting.  Called  11 
Giorno  because  represent- 
ed in  full  daylight,  and  to 
distinguish  it  from  La 
Nutti'.  Ordered  in  1523  by- 
Donna  Briseido  Colla  Ber- 
gonzi.of  Parma,  and  placed 
iu  1528  in  S.  Antonio  Ab- 
bate.  Carried  to  Paris,  but  returned  in  I  of  Spe/iali  in  1343,  and  to  the  Company 
1810,  though  the  French  government  is  said  of  St.  Luke  in  1350.  To  Maso,  Ghiberti  as- 
to  have  offered  1,000,000  francs  for  it.  Many  cribes  the  series  of  frescos  in  the  chapel  of 
copies  :  one  in  Bridgewater  House,  supposed  S.  Silvestro  in  S.  Croce,  Florence,  represent- 


Florence. 


by  Lodovico  Carracci  ;  another  in  1'alazxo 
Pitti,  Florence,  by  Baroeci.  Engraved  by  Aug. 
Carracci  ;  Villamena  ;  Cort ;  Giovanni  ;  Des- 
bois;  Strange  ;  Devilliers  ;  Boviuet. — Meyer, 
Correggio,  313,  477  ;  Landon,  (Envres,  viii. 
PL  27;  Musee,  j.  PI.  37 ;  Musee  royal,  ii.  PL1 ; 
Filhol,  ii.  PI.  79  ;  Klas.  der  Malerei,  i.  PI.  4'J. 


ing  the  legend  of  Constantine,  while  Vasari, 
who  made  one  painter  out  of  two,  gives  them 
to  Giottino.  The  fresco  of  the  Last  Judg- 
ment in  the  Bardi  Chapel,  S.  Croce,  belong- 
ing to  the  monument  of  Ubertino  de'  Bardi, 
is  probably  by  the  artist  who  painted  two 
frescos,  the  Birth  and  Crucifixion  of  Christ, 


HI 


GIOTTO 


/ 


tau 


in  the  mortuary  clmpel  of  the  Strozzi,  Flor- 
ence, and  in  a  panel  in  the  Uffizi,  the  Be- 
wailing of  Christ.  The  last  is  given  in  the 
catalogue  to  Clioltino,  but  whether  it  and 
other  works  mentioned  belong  to  him  or  to 
Maso  remains  to  be  proved.—  0.  &  C.,  Italy, 
i.  410  ;  Liibke,  Geseh.  ital.  Mai,,  i.  153  ;  Bal- 
(linucci,  i.  253  ;  Vasari,  eel.  Mil.,  i.  022  ;  W. 
\-  W.,  i.  453. 

(  1IOTTO,  born  at  Colic  in  the  district  of 
Vespignano  in  12f>(!  ; 
(1  i  e  d  i  n  Florence, 
Jan.  8,  1337.  Flor- 
entine school.  Son 
of  a  shepherd  named 
Bon  done;  found 
drawing  sheep  upon 
flat  stones,  by  Cima- 
bue,  who,  struck 
with  his  talent,  took 
him  to  Florence  and 
ht  him  to  paint.  Dante  tells  in  the 
Divina  Commedia  (Purgalorio,  xi.  93)  how 
the  master  was  outdone  by  the  pupil,  who 
is  called  the  reviver  of  painting,  because  he 
broke  loose  from  Byzantinism  and  took  nat- 
ure for  his  guide.  In  simple  and  unaffected, 
although  necessarily  imperfect,  language,  he 
represented  scenes  from  holy  writ,  legends 
and  allegories,  according  to  the  dogmas  of 
the  Church  ;  and,  though  living  at  a  time 
when  art  was  wholly  in  her  service,  worked 
in  a  comparatively  independent  spirit.  In 
his  pictures  there  is  no  striving  after  ideal 
beauty,  DO  attempt  at  deceptive  imitation  of 
natural  objects,  no  difference  of  handling  in 
the  treatment  of  flesh,  drapery,  or  architect- 
ure, and  but  a  scant  supply  of  that  techni- 
cal knowledge  which  in  later  times  enabled 
men  of  infinitely  less  genius  to  surpass  them 
in  execution,  in  chiaroscuro,  perspective, 
drawing,  and  colour.  In  all  these  things 
the  apprentices  of  the  next  century  were 
Giotto's  superiors  ;  though  in  earnestness, 
in  the  power  of  telling  a  story  with  dramatic 
effect,  and  in  truth  of  expression,  but  few  of 
their  masters  equalled,  and  still  fewer  sur- 
passed, him.  He  worked  in  many  parts  of 


Italy :  in  Assisi  before  1296  ;  in  Rome  from 
1298  to  1300  ;  in  Florence  from  1300  to  1304  ; 
in  Padua  from  1304  to  1306  ;  later  in  Rimini, 
and  in  Naples,  where  he  painted  the  Miracle 
of  the  Loaves  and  Fishes  in  the  old  convent 
church  of  S.  Chiara  (but  not  the  Incoronata 
frescos),  from  1330  to  1333.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  he  was  appointed  master  of  the 
works  at  the  Duomo,  Florence,  for  which  he 
designed  the  fa<;ade,  commenced  but  after- 
wards destroyed,  and  built  its  exquisite  cam- 
panile. Giotto's  twenty-eight  frescos  repre- 
senting scenes  from  the  lives  of  the  Saviour 
and  of  St.  Francis,  in  the  aisle  of  the  upper 
church  of  S.  Francesco,  Assisi,  were  proba- 
bly painted  before  the  ceilings  of  the  lower 
church(129G),  in  which  ho  allegorized  thevirt- 

I  ues  of  the  Franciscans,  Poverty,  the  spouse 
chosen  by  St.  Francis,  Obedience  and  Chas- 
tity, the  rules  of  his  Order.  In  Rome  Giotto 
next  decorated  the  tribune  of  the  church  of 
S.  Giorgio  in  Yelabro  with  frescos,  designed 
the  so-called  Navicella  represented  by  a  mo- 
saic in  the  portico  of  St.  Peter's,  and  painted 
the  three  panels  of  a  predella-  now  in  the 

I  sacristy  of  the  canons  of  St.  Peter,  represent- 
ing the  Redeemer  and  Angels,  the  donor 
Cardinal  Stefaneschi,  and  the  Martyrdoms 
of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul.  The  same  Apos- 
tles, with  the  Madonna  and  Saints,  appear 
upon  other  predella  panels  in  the  sacristy. 
In  the  Lateran  Basilica  is  a  fragment  of  a 
fresco  by  Giotto  representing  Pope  Boni- 
face VIII.  proclaiming  the  opening  of  the 
Jubilee  in  1300,  when  Giotto  and  Dante 
wrere  in  Rome.  The  frescos  of  the  Palazzo 
del  Podesta  or  Bargello,  Florence,  portions 
of  which  have  been  recovered,  were  paint- 
ed about  1302  or  1303.  As  containing  the 
well-known  portraits  of  Dante,  and  some  of 
his  contemporaries,  that  which  represents  an 
incident  in  the  feud  of  the  Bianchi  and  the 
Neri  factions  has  a  peculiar  interest.  About 
1305,  Giotto  went  to  Padua  to  paint  the  thirty- 
eight  frescos  of  theCappella  dell'  Arena  of  En- 
rico degli  Scrovegni.  They  represent  scenes 
from  the  lives  of  Christ  and  the  Virgin,  the 
Last  Judgment,  and  the  Virtues  and  Vices, 


142 


GIOTTO 


and  are  the  most  important  works  of  the 
master.  Several  Crucifixes  by  (liotto  exist ; 
one  is  in  the  Sanctuary  of  this  chapel,  others 
in  S.  Marco,  S.  Felicita,  ami  the  Gondi  Doni 
chapel  of  the  Ogni  Santi,  Florence.  Other 
mural  paintings  by  the  master  are  :  Incidents 
from  the  lives  of  SS.  Anthony  and  Francis,  in 
the  chapter  house  of  S.  Antonio,  Padua  ;  a 
ceiling  with  the  four  Doctors  of  the  Church 
nud  the  four  Evangelists,  in  S.  Giovanni 
Evangelista,  Ravenna ;  the  frescos  of  the 
Peruzzi,  Giugni,  and  Bardi  chapels,  S.  (Yocc, 
Florence  ;  and  the  remnants  of  frescos  in 
the  Carmine.  Among  the  works  of  (liotto 
ill  public  galleries  are  :  a  Madonna  with 
Angels,  and  many  small  panels  of  incidents 
in  the  lives  of  Christ  and  St.  Francis,  Flor- 
ence Academy  ;  two  of  the  same  series  in 
the  Berlin  Museum,  and  two  at  Munich  ; 
Madonna,  Brera,  Milan  ;  St.  Francis  receiv- 
ing the  Stigmata,  Louvre,  Paris  ;  Two  Apos- 
tles, National  Gallery,  London.  — W.  A:  W., 
i.  4:55  ;  C.  A:  C.,  Italy,  i.  1>:>4  ;  Liibke,  (lescli. 
itttl.  Mai.,  i.  ll:i;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  i.  W.)  ; 
Burckhardt,  4'J2  ;  Dohme,  '2i.;  Ch.  Blanc, 
Ecole  florentine. 

GIOTTO  DI  MAESTRO  STEFANO.  See 
Gwtlmo. 

GIOVANNI  ALAMANNO.  See  Anl»ni» 
da  Murano. 

GIOVANNI  U'ASCIANO,  of  Siena,  born 
in  Asciano,  tlourished  latter  part  of  14th 
century.  Sienese  school  ;  pupil  of  Barna, 
and  a  weak  imitator  of  his  style.  He  iin- 
ished  the  frescos  in  the  church  at  S.  Gimig- 
11:1110.  begun  by  his  master.  Vasari  says  he 
executed  paintings  in  the  hospital  of  Siena, 
and  in  the  ancient  palace  of  the  Medici, 
Florence,  which  gave  him  reputation,  but 
they  are  all  lost.— C.  &  C.,  Italy,  ii.  110  ; 
iii.  G2  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  ii.  103. 

GIOVANNI  DI  CALCAK.  See  Huiis  von 
Kalkar. 

GIOVANNI  DA  FIESOLE.  See  Fra  An- 
gelico. 

GIOVANNI  FIAMINGO.  See  Hans  von 
Kalkar. 

GIOVANNI  DI  MARTINI  DA  UDINE, 


born  latter  half  loth  century,  died  at  T'dine. 
Aug.  !!((,  1535.  Venetian  school.  Son  of 
Martino  da  Tolmez/.o,  a  carver  of  Udine,  and 
called  Martini  to  distinguish  him  from  his 
cousin,  Giovanni  Mione.  Pupil  of  Luigi 
}~ivariiri,  but  how  long  he  was  in  Venice 
is  not  known.  Had  returned  to  I'dine  in 
14117,  where  he  resided  until  his  decease, 
his  later  days  being  principally  devoted  to 
carving.  As  a  painter  he  imitated  Luigi 
Vivarini's  early  style,  and  in  many  respects 
he  recalls  Jacopo  da  Valentin.  Works  :  Ma- 
donna (It'.lH),  Museo  Civico,  Venice;  St. 
Mark  Enthroned  (1501},  Cathedral,  t'dine  ; 
others  in  the  Spilimbcrg  Cathedral,  and  in 
the  Brera,  Milan.  -C.fi  ('.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  1S-J  ; 
Liibke,  Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  ii.  5S± 

GIOVANNI  DA  .MILANO,  born  in  Milan 
in  14th  century.  Florentine  school.  Keal 
name  Giovanni  Jacobi  ;  long  an  assistant  to 
Taddc'oGaddi  ;  settled  at  Florence  in  i:iti(i. 
He  made  no  advancement  in  composition 
beyond  Taddeo,  \>\\i  he  was  less  conventional 
than  his  master,  and  more  finished  and 
elaborate  in  execution.  His  earliest  extant 
picture,  a  Bewailing  of  Christ,  in  the  Flor- 
ence Academy,  dated  llt(J5,  shows  excessive 
conscientiousness,  but  lacks  elevation.  A 
larger  and  more  important  picture  is  the 
Virgin  Enthroned,  Municipal  Gallery,  1'rato. 
An  altarpiecc  in  five  compartments,  in  the 
Ufli/i,  Florence,  and  the  frescos  of  scenes 
from  the  story  of  the  Virgin  and  Mary  Mag- 
dalen, in  the  Uinuccini  Chapel,  S.  Croce, 
are  also  by  this  painter. — C.  A;  C.,  Italy,  i. 
•{(}•>•  Liibke,  Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  i.  143;  Va- 
sari, ed.  Le  Mon.,  ii.  115,  17!) ;  ed.  Mil.,  i. 
572  ;  W.  A  W.,  i.  455. 

GIOVANNI  DA  MURANO.  Sec  Antonio 
da  Murano. 

GIOVANNI  DI  PAOLO,  died  about  1481. 
Sienese  school.  Commonly  called  del  Pog- 
gio.  On  the  roll  of  Sieneso  artists  in  142S  ; 
in  the  service  of  Sano  di  Pietro  in  1447. 
According  to  Ricci,  he  attended  the  school 
of  Gentile  da  Fabriano.  His  strange  fancy 
in  composition  and  awkwardness  in  repre- 
senting action  are  shown  iii  a  Last  Judgment 


143 


GIOVANNI 

(1453)  in  the  Siena  Academy,  and  in  seven  '  Coast  of  Villerville,  The  Sea  at  Trouville ; 

panels,  llainboux   Collection,  Cologne.— C.  !  Le  Vieux  Deauville,  Norman  Pasture  (1882) ; 

&  C.,  Italy,  iii.  80  ;  Vasari,  ed  Lc  Mou.,  iv.  '  Arab    Hunters    in    Mountains   of    Blidah, 

168  ;  vi.  186.  I  Strand    at   Villerville   (1883)  ;   Oat-field   in 

GIOVANNI  DI  PIETRO.     See  Sparjua.     Picardy,  Marsh  of  Conde-Folie,  ib.  (1884)  ; 

GIOVANNI  DA  SAN  GIOVANNI.     See   Charity  Office  of  the  Twentieth  Arrondisse- 

Mtuniozzi.  '  nient,  On  Way  to  Work  (1885). 

GIOVANNI  DA  L'DINE,  born  in  Udiue,  ''  GIRARD,  FIRMEST,  born  at  Poncin  (Ain), 
Oct.  15,  1487,  died  May  31,  1838.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of 
in  Rome  in  1564.  Gleyre;  paints  fresh  and  brightly  coloured 
Umbrian  school,  pictures  of  trivial  subjects.  Medals :  3d 
Real  name  Giovan-  class,  1863  ;  2d  class,  1874.  Works  :  Flower- 
ni  do'  Eccamatori,  Girl  (1872);  Japanese  Toilet  (1873);  Revery, 
son  of  Francesco  Fishing,  Betrothed  (1874)  ;  Godmother's 
de'  Eecamatori  (of  Garden,  First  Caress  (1875);  Bear-Trainer 
the  Embroiderers),  at  Aurillac  (1877)  ;  Wedding  in  the  18th 
Pupil  of  Giorgione,  Century  (1878)  ;  Caught  in  the  Eain  (1879); 
but  afterwards  of  Close  of  Autumn,  Going  to  Market  (1881); 
Raphael,  under  Visiting  the  Farm  (1882);  Christening  in 
whom  he  superintended  the  ornamental  the  18th  Century  (1883)  ;  Sunday  at  Bas- 
decorations  in  the  Vatican  Loggie,  such  as  Meudon  (1884);  A  Happy  Meeting,  An  Alley 
animals,  birds,  fruit,  llowers,  and  grotesques,  of  Roses  (1885).  Works  in  the  "United 
His  arabesques  have  ever  since  been  con-  States  :  Toilet,  A.  Belmont,  New  York;  Fish- 
sidered  models  of  their  type.  In  1527,  when  ing,  G.  I.  Seney  sale  (1884),  ib. ;  Street  in  St. 
Rome  was  sacked  by  the  Constable  de  Bour-  Rambert — Loire,  R.  Hoe,  New  York;  Wed- 
Ixin,  he  went  to  Florence  and  painted  for  ding  in  the  Last  Century,  K.  G.  Dun,  ib.; 
the  Medici  ;  worked  also  in  Udine,  Venice,  Paris  /Yww-Market  (1876),  Study  for  do., 
and  in  other  cities,  but  finally  returned  to  T.  R.  Butler,  ib.;  Book  of  Hours,  Fishing, 
Rome  about  1550.  Most  of  his  works  are  Betrothal,  E.  D.  Morgan  Collection,  ib. ; 
mural  decorations.  Among  the  easel  pict-  j  Coming  Shower,  C.  S.  Smith,  ib. ;  Spring- 
ures  attributed  to  him  are  :  Christ  among 

the  Doctors,  Holy  Family,  Venice  Academy;  p"  I  R/^  |  JY  '  G  I  RA  R  D  ' 
Madonna  and  Saints,  Palazzo  Manfrini,  Ven- 
ice ;  do.,  Museo  Civico,  ib.  The  only  au-  Time,  William  Astor,  ib. ;  Scene  in  Japan, 
thentieated  work  of  this  kind  is  a  Madon- '  H.  C.  Gibson,  Philadelphia  ;  Pensive,  Tete- 
na  Enthroned  (1517),  belonging  to  Signor  a-tete,  Borie  Collection,  ib. — Miiller,  208. 
Frizzoni,  Bergamo.—  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  om-  GIRARDET,  EDOUARD  HENRI,  born 
brienne;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil,  vi.  549;  ed.  Le  ]  at  Neufchatel,  July  21,  1819,  died  at  Ver- 
Mon.,  xii.  300  ;  Burckhardt,  178  ;  Liibke,  sailles,  Jan.  5,  1880.  Genre  painter,  son 
Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  ii.  374.  and  pupil  of  Charles  Samuel  Girardet,  the 

GIOVANNI  DELLE  \TTE.  See  Hiel.  engraver.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1842  ;  2d  class, 
GIRARD,  ALBERT,  born  in  Paris,  Dec.  1847,  1859,  1867  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1866 ;  1st 
13,  1839.  Genre  and  landscape  painter,  class,  for  engravings,  1861  and  1863.  Works: 
pupil  of  his  father,  of  Flandriu,  and  of  The  Common  Bath  (1839);  Wounded  Goat 
Bellel.  Medal,  3d  class,  1882.  Works  : !  (1840);  Fortune-teller,  Barber-shop  in  Brit- 
Moorish  Festival  at  Algiers  (1873) ;  Negro  tany,  Snowball  Fight,  After  the  Battle,  Basle 
Dance  at  Algiers,  Moorish  Interior  (1875);  Museum;  Grandmother's  Story  (1842);  Fa- 
Women  Bathing  (1877);  Nymphs  (1879)  ;  ther's  Blessing  (1843);  Interrupted  Meal 

144 


GIRARDET 


(1844);  Mother's  Love  (1840);  Revelations 
(18411)  ;  Departure  of  the  Lamlsturm  in 
17!)8,  Ncuehatel  Museuin  ;  Blind  Beggar  in 
Cairo  (1845);  Peasants  and  Bears,  Ditlicult 
Letter,  Little  Apple  Thieves  (1846);  Wooing 
in  Bernese  Oberloud,  Alms,  Going  to  School 
(1848),  Berne  Museuin;  Sick  Child,  Xiirich 
Gallery  ;  Nest  of  Blackbirds  (1841));  Bad 
Weather  on  the  Mountains  (18.10);  A  Land- 
Slide  ;  Village  Wedding  (185'J).  Was  also  an 
engraver.  —  Bellier  de  la  Chaviguerie,  i.  G55  ; 
Vapereau  (1880),  80!). 

GIHARDKT,  Jl'LES,  born  in  Paris  ;  con- 
temporary.  Genre  and  landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Cabanel.  Medal,  :i.l  c-lass,  ISfSl. 
Works:  Little  Fadctto  (1877);  Return  from 
Market  at  Tanjier  (1878);  Skaters  (bST'.l); 
Environs  of  Biskra  (1880),  Episode  in  Siege 
of  Soragossa  (1881);  Defeated  Army  of  Gen- 
eral  Lescure  passing  the  Loin;  (  188'J  );  Rout 
atClialet,  October,  ll'M  (18S.'t);  The  (iiron- 
din  Louvet  and  his  Friend  Lodoiska,  An 
Arrest  during  the  Reign  of  Terror  (1884);  A 
Failuiv  (1885). 

GIRARDET,  KARL,  born  at  Lode, 
Switzerland,  May  l:'>,  1810,  died  in  Paris, 
April  '24,  1871.  Genre  and  landscape  paint- 
IT,  brother  of  Kdouard  Henri,  pupil  of  Leon 
Cogniet.  Travelled  much  in  Europe  and 
the  Levant,  and  accompanied  the  Due  de 
Montpensier  to  Spain.  Medals:  :id  class. 
18137  ;  2d  class,  1842  ;  Grand  Medal  of 
Prussia,  184:5;  Member  of  Academy  of  Am- 
stcrdain,  185:i  ;  honourable  mention,  185."). 
Works  :  Hedge-School,  Rabbits'  Breakfast 
(1830);  The  Righi,  Starting  for  the  Market 
over  Brientx  Lake  (18H7);  Protestants  snr- 
prised  at  Worship  (1842),  Neuchatel  Mu- 
seum  ;  Views  of  Sorrento,  Capri  (1842),  and 
Vesuvius  (1843);  The  Nile;  Mosque  in 
Cairo,  Due  de  Montpensier;  The  Bey's  Tent 
at  Isly,  loways  dancing  in  the  Tuileries 
(1846),  Versailles  Museum  ;  Egyptian  La- 
bourers  (1847)  ;  Restaurant  on  the  Nile 
(1849);  Odalisque,  Soldier's  Return  (18.10); 
Old  Franciscan  Convent  at  Alexandria,  Lady 
Claypole  reproaching  her  Father  Cromwell 
with  the  Death  of  Charles!  (1853);  Cere- 


inony  of  Hand-Kissing  in  Hall  of  Ambassa- 
dors  at  Madrid,  Liike  of  Urieii/,  View  in 
Val-de-Travers,  Village  and  Lake  of  Brien/, 
Neuchatcl  Miiseiini  ;  Episode  in  Battle  of 
Moral  <1S5(!),  Berne  Museum  ;  Meadow  on 
the  Aar,  View  on  the  Eure,  Solitude  (1K.V,»); 
live  views  of  Valais,  Drinking-Place  on  the. 
Moors  of  Gascony  (18(>1  );  View  near  Simi, 
Fishermen  of  Albengo  (18(>:i);  Mouth  of  the 
Toccia,  Moors  of  Gascony  (1864);  Sunrise 
on  Lago  Maggiore  (18(!(i);  Storm  in  the 
Valais,  Lake  of  Wallenstadt  (INTO).  Made 
designs  for  illustrations  of  the  Orlando  Fu 
rioso,  Thiers's  Consulate  and  Empire,  and 
other  works.  Bellier  de  la  (  'havigncne,  i. 
l'<~>~>  ;  Vapereau  (  lKC.li,  Its. 

GIR.U'D,  (PIERUE  FKANVO1S)  El'- 
GKNE,  born  in  Paris,  Aug.  ',),  1SOC,  died  in 
Paris,  Dee.  2'.i,  18S1.  Genre  painter,  pupil 
of  Theodore  Kichomnie,  of  Hersent,  and  of 
the  Kcole  des  Beaux  Arts,  where  he  won  the 
grand  prix  de  Rome  for  engraving  in  182(1. 
After  his  return  from  Italv  he  travelled  with 
Alexander  Dumas  in  Spain,  and  later  in  Al- 
geria  and  the  Levant.  Medals:  :!d  class, 
LSI!:};  2d  class,  18C3;  L.  of  Honour,  1S.11  ;  Of 
ficer,  IHlid.  Works:  Volunteer  Enlistments 
(18;)."))  ;  Marcel  saving  the  Dauphin  Charles 
(ISii(i);  Armies  of  Conde  and  of  ('oligny 
crossing  the  Loire  (iNlt'.l);  The  Promenade, 
The  Guide's  Children  (1840);  Wasps  (1  M:(  ). 
111  of  a  Fever  in  the  Roman  Campagna 
(184(i);  Dance  in  a  Posada,  The  Gust  of 
Wind,  Fire  in  Constantinople  (1851!);  Alge- 
rian  Women,  Flower-Girl  (185'J);  Henri  IV. 
in  the  Tower  of  St.  Germain-des-Pn's,  Gypsy 
Woman  of  Seville  (18(il);  Overflow  of  the 
Nile,  Mouchoraby  in  Cairo  (1863)  ;  Dancing 
Girl  in  Cairo  (18(!(!),  formerly  in  Luxom- 
bourg  Museum  ;  Night  in  Paris  (18(56);  Corn- 
ing  from  Vespers,  Fatima  (18(!8);  La  Devi  sa, 
or  Incident  of  a  Bull-Fight  (18()'.t),  formerly 
in  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Confession  before 
the  Battle,  Hunting  for  Herbs  (1870);  Mes- 
sage,  Defended  Gate  (1872);  Conde  going 
to  the  Army,  Disenchanted  (1873);  Rest, 
Jeweller  in  the  Seraglio  (1874)  ;  Second- 
hand  Booksellers  (1875)  ;  Flower-Market 


115 


GIJIAUD 


under  the  Directory  (187(5);  Criminal  Court, 
Return  from  the  Tavern  (1877);  Terrace 
near  the  Nile,  Agreeable  Meeting  (1878); 
Hungarian  Csarila  (1880). — Bellier  de  la 
Chavignerie,  i.  G58  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  70(5 ; 
Vapereau  (1880),  814. 

GIRAUD,  SEBASTIEN  CHARLES,  born 
in  Paris,  Jan.  18,  181'J.  Genre  painter, 
brother  and  pupil  of  Eugene,  and  pupil  of 
the  Ecolc  des  Beaux  Arts.  Has  accompa- 
nied as  artist  various  expeditions,  such  as 
that  under  Prince  Napoleon  to  Northern 
Europe,  and  lias  visited  America.  L.  of 
Honour,  1847.  Works :  Studio,  Scene  in 
Hayti  (1851!);  End  of  the  Haytian  War, 
Princess  Mathilde's  Diuing-Room,  M.  de 
Niemverkerke's  Library  (1859);  Fifteenth 
Century  Interior,  View  of  Tinyvalla  in  Ice- 
land (18G1);  Hunter  Returning  (1803),  Be- 
sancon  Museum  ;  Fifteenth  Century  Inte- 
rior (18G3);  Interior  of  a  Conservatory, 
Breton  Tavern  (18(i5);  Napoleon  III.,  Gal- 
lery of  the  Louvre,  Interior  of  a  Parlour 
(1866);  Room  in  the  Musee  Cluny  (18G7), 
Luxembourg  Gallery ;  Torture  Room  in 
Castle  of  Pierrefonds  (18(!8);  Bowling  at 
Pont-Aven  (18<5!t);  Return  from  Fishing 
(1870);  Women  Spinning  (1873);  Landing- 
Place  at  Brienz  (1874);  The  Farewell  (1875); 
Flemish  Interior  (187G);  Gathering  Apples 
(1877);  A  Sunday  in  Brittany  (1878);  Fif- 
teenth Century  Interior  (1883).—  Bellier  de 
la  Chavignerie,  i.  G59. 

GIRAUD,  VICTOR,  born  in  Paris,  Jan. 
1-2,  1840,  died  there,  Feb.  21,  1871.  Genre 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Eugene,  and  pupil 
of  Picot,  Works  :  Slave  Merchant  (1867), 
formerly  in  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  The 
Husband's  Return  (18(!8),  Montpellier  Mu- 
seum ;  The  Charmer  (1870). 

GIRODET  DE  ROUSSY,  ANNE  LOUIS, 
called  Girodet  Triosou,  born  at  Montargis 
(Loiret),  Jan.  5,  17GG,  died  in  Paris,  Dec.  9, 
1824.  French  school ;  history  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Luquin  and  of  David;  won 
2d  prix  de  Rome  in  1788,  and  grand  prix  in 
1789.  After  five  years  in  Rome  he  returned 
to  Paris,  won  the  ten-years  prize  for  history 


(1810),  and  entered  upon  a  successful  career. 
He  painted  few  pictures,  but  made  many 
studies  and  de- 
signs, and  illustra- 
ted n  u  m  e  r  o  u  s 
books.  Member 
of  Institute,  1815  ; 
L.  of  Honour,  181G. 
Louis  XVHI.  or- 
dered the  cross  of 
an  officer  of  the  L. 
of  Honour  to  be 
placed  on  Girodet's 
coffin.  Works:  Death  of  Tatius  (1788), 
Angers  Museum  ;  Joseph  discovering  him- 
self to  his  Brethren  (1789)  ;  Hippocrates  re- 
fusing the  Presents  of  Artaxerxes  (1792), 
Ecole  de  Medecine,  Paris ;  Antioehus  and 
Stratonice  (1793)  ;  Danao  (1798),  M.  Chatil- 
lon  ;  Landscapes  representing  the  Four 
Parts  of  the  Day  (1798)  ;  The  Seasons  (4 
pictures,  1799,  for  King  of  Spain,  copied  in 
1817  for  Palace  of  Compiegne) ;  Ossian  and 
his  Warriors  (1802),  Leuchtenberg  Collec- 
tion, St.  Petersburg  ;  Ddtirje  (1810),  Sleep 
of  Endijmion  (1792) ;  Burial  of  Alula  (1808), 
Louvre  ;  Napoleon  receiving  Keys  of  Vienna 
(1808),  Revolt  of  Cairo  (1810),  Versailles 
Museum;  Minerva, Apollo,  Mercury, Nymphs, 
and  Bacchus  (G  pictures),  Hymen  and  Fe- 
cundity (1817),  Gods  and  Nymphs  (1818), 
Titon  and  Aurora,  Dance  of  Greeks,  Dance 
of  Nymphs,  Justice  and  Valour,  etc.  (4  pict- 
ures, 1822),  Departure  and  Return  of  the 
Warrior,  all  at  Compiegne  ;  Napoleon's 
Father  (1805)  ;  Portrait  of  Napoleon  L, 
Chateauroux  Museum  ;  Male  portrait,  Cher- 
bourg Museum ;  Young  Woman's  Head, 
Lyons  Museum  ;  Burial  of  Atala,  Amiens 
Museum;  Gorgon  Head,  Perpiguau  Museum; 
Anacreon,  Dante  and  Virgil,  Old  Man,  and 
others,  Montpellier  Museum ;  Au- 
rora (180G),  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Pyg- 
malion and  Galatea,  Count  Som- 
mariva  sale,  1839,  14,000  francs;  |QiO 
Head  of  the  Virgin  (1812),  Count 
Perregaux  sale,  1841,  3,155  francs;  Fair 
Elizabeth  (his  favourite  model),  M. sale, 


l-IG 


GIROLAMO 

1857,   3,100  francs. — Bellier  do   In  Chavig-  and  1520,  are  in  the  Berlin  Museum  ;  Ma- 

nerie,  i.  601  ;  Ch.   Blanc,    Keolc  francaise  ;  donna  and   Saints,  dated   1518,  L'Annun/i- 

Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Gaz.  des  11  Arts  (1S74|,  ata,  Panna  ;   Marriage   of  the   Virgin,  and 

x.    464  ;    Gauticr,  Guide   au    Louvre,    IIJ  ;  the  Annunciation,  Nativity,  and  Flight  into 

Meyer,  Gesch.,  91.  Egypt,   in  a  predella,  Bologna  Pinae.     Va- 

GIROLAMO  DI  BEXVEXUTO,  born  in  sari  says  lie  was  chiefly  known  as  a  portrait 

1470,   died  in    1524.     Sienesc  school  ;  son  painter.     ('.  \  C.,  X.  Italy,  i.  <!01  ;  Vasari, 

and  pupil  of  Ben venuto  del  Guasta.    Painted  ed.  Mil.,  v.  1*2;  Cli.  Blanc,  Eeolebolonaise. 

in  1508  a  Virgin  of  the  Snow,  in  S.  Donien-  GIROLAMO  DAI  LIHRI,  born  in  Verona 

ico,  Siena,  which,    though   resembling   his  in    1474,    died   July    22,    1555.       Venetian 

father's     productions,     is     more    pleasing,  school.     Son  of  Francesco  dai  Libri,  a  inin- 

There  are  several  pictures  by  him   in   the  iaturist  (or  illuminator  of  books,  whence  he 

Siena    Academy,    and    a    S.    Chiara   with    a  got  his  name),  of  whom  no  vestige  has  been 

kneeling    Pilgrim    in    the    Osservanza    out-  preserved,  and  grandson  of  Stefano  da  /evio. 

side  Siena. — 0.  <t  C'.,  Italy,  iii.  71!.  His  first    picture,  Christ    deposed   from   the 

GIROLAMO  BRESCIANO.    See  ,SVa,W</.,.  Cross,  in  the  Church  of  Malscsinc,  painted 

GIKOLAMO  DA  CARPI,  born  at  Ferrara  when  sixteen  years  old,  is  an  illustration  of 

about    1501,  died  about   15(11.      Lombardo-  liis  education  in  the  school  of  a  miniaturist, 

Ferrarese  school.      Real  name  de'  Sellari  or  but   in   his  later  works,  inspired   by  a  deep 

de"  Livizzani,  but  called   da  Carpi  because  study  of  the  Mantcgnesques,  lie  exhibits  the 

his  father,  Tommaso,  was  born   there.      Pu-  form  and   the  spirit  of  a  greater  art.     His 

pil    of     Benvenuto     Garofalo ;     afterwards  Madonna    and    Saints,    lately    in    Hamilton 

painted  at  Bologna,  and  later  studied  works  Palace,  near  Glasgow,  is  a  good  example  of 

of  Correggio  and   Parmigianino   in  Modcna  this  style.      Later  he  shows  the  influence  of 

and  Parma.     Though  he  imitated  them,  he  Francesco  Moroni1,  as  in  the  Madonna  and 

was  not  a  servile  copyist,  but  had  a  style  of  Saints,  Berlin  Museum.     Still    later  he   ac- 

his  own.     Painted   in  fresco  and  in  oil,  and  quires   a  more  modern    treatment    in  (-very 

was  very  successful  in  port  raits  ;  was  also  an  branch  of  pract  ice,  as   seen    in   the  Concep- 

architect.     Among   his  works   are:  Adora-  tion,  in  S.  Paolo,  Verona.     The  culminating 

tion    of    the  Magi,    and  Madonna,    Bologna  point  in  his  career  is  reached  in   the  Virgin 

Academy  ;  Christ  in   the  House  of  Martha  in    Glory    and     the     Madonna     and     Saints 

and    Mary,   Uth'xi,   Florence;    Entombment,  (15:50),  Verona   Museum;  and    in    the  Ma- 

Palazzo    Pitti,   ib. ;    Portrait  of    Archbishop  donna  and  St.  Anne,  National  ( lallery,  Lon- 

Salimbeni,  ib. ;  Christ  on  the  Mount  of  ()1-  don.     Beginning  as  a  miniaturist,  he  rose  to 

ives,  ib.;  Venus  and  Cupid,  Dresden  Gal-  a  high  place  amongst  the  painters  of  North 

lery. — Vasari,    ed.  Mil.,  vi.  400;  Lanzi,  iii.  Italy,  being  neither  a  plagiarist  noraservilo 

204  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  EYole  ferraraise  ;  Cittadella,  copyist.     His  son,  Francesco   (born   1500), 

Memorie  di  .  .  .  Garofalo  (Ferrara,  1872);  was  a  miniature  and  oil  painter.—  C.  <V  ('., 

Lavice,  0.'5.  X.  Italy,  i.  4'M  ;  Burekhardt,   (IOC,  ;  Liibke, 

GIHOLAMO  DA  COTIGXOLA,  born  in  Gesch.'d.  ital.  Mai.,  ii.  578. 

Cotignola  about  1481,  died  in  1550.     Bo-  GIROLAMO  DA  SAXTA  CROCK,  born 

lognese  school.     Heal  name  Girolamo  Mar-  at  Santa  Croec  ('!),  near  Bergamo,  flourished 

cLesi,  son  of  Antonio   M. ;  pupil  of  /aga-  at    Venice    in    1520-4!).     Venetian    school; 

nelli  (?)  and  of  Francesco  Franeia,  but  in  his  history  and  landscape  painter,  perhaps  pu- 

later  days  an  imitator  of  Raphael  and  Michel-  pil   and    assistant   of   Francesco    da   Santa 

angelo.     A  Nativity  of    1513,  in    his   early  Croce,  of  whom  he  may  and  may  not  have 

style,    is    in    Lord    Ashburton's    Collection,  been   a   relative  ;   further   developed    under 

Examples  of  his  later  manner,  dated   1516  influence  of  Giovanni  Bellini  and  the  great 

147 


GIROLAMO 


Venetian  masters.  Works:  Nativity,  Mar- 
tyrdom of  St.  Sebastian,  Coronation  of  the 
Virgin,  Crucifixion,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Na- 
tivity, Martyrdom  of  St.  Lawrence,  Dres- 
den Gallery;  St.  Thomas  Aquinas  Enthroned 
(1520),  S.  Silvestro,  Venice  ;  Adoration  of 
the  Magi,  Manfrini  Gallery,  ib. ;  Resurrec- 
tion (early  work),  Last  Supper  (1549),  S. 
Martino,  ib. ;  Head  of  Christ,  A  Bishop, 
Academy,  ib. ;  Crucifixion,  Adoration  of  the 
Shepherds,  Museo  Civico,  Verona  ;  Corona- 
tion of  the  Virgin,  God  Father  and  Holy 
Family,  Museo  Civico,  Padua  ;  several  in 
Bergamo  Gallery ;  Nativity,  Resurrection, 
Basle  Museum. — Liibke,  Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  ii. 
024 

GIROLAMO  DA  SERMONETA,  born  at 
Sermoneta  about  1510  ('{),  died  in  Rome 
about  1580.  Cmbrian  school.  Real  name 
Girolamo  Siciolante  ;  pupil  of  Perino  del 
Vaga,  whom  he  assisted  in  his  frescos  in 
Castello  S.  Angelo  and  in  other  works. 
Employed  by  Gregory  XIII.  in  the  decora- 
tions of  the  Sala  Regia  in  the  Vatican  ;  also 
executed  works  in  many  churches  in  Rome. 
His  best  work  is  the  Madonna  and  Saints, 
in  S.  Bartolommeo,  Ancona.  Said  to  have 
been  a  good  portrait  painter.  His  style  is 
antiquated,  more  like  that  of  the  Perugi- 
nesques  than  of  any  of  his  contemporaries. 
— Vasari,  cd  Le  Mon.,  x.  170,  1S5  ;  ed.  Mil., 
vii.  571  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  ombrienne. 

GIROLAMO  DA  TREVISO,  the  elder,  of 
Padua,  latter  half  of  15th  century.  Vene- 
tian school.  Probable  pupil  of  Squarcionc, 
but  painted  chiefly  at  Trcviso,  where  ho  is 
said  to  have  finished  an  altarpicce  and  fres- 
cos in  S.  Niccolo  in  1470.  His  oldest  known 
picture  is  the  Death  of  the  Virgin,  at  Lo- 
nigo,  painted  in  1478.  Better  than  this  is 
the  Christ  at  the  Column,  in  Casa  Rinaldi, 
Treviso,  in  which  there  is  an  echo  of  Auto- 
nello  da  Messina.  Virgin  with  Saints,  Du- 
omo,  Treviso  (1487).— C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  i. 
355  ;  Kugler  (Eastlake),  i.  204. 

GIROLAMO  DA  TREVISO,  the  younger. 
See  PeniKicchi,  Girolamo  di  Pier'  Maria. 

GIRON,    CHARLES,    born    at   Geneva; 


contemporary.  Genre  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Cabanel.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1879  ; 
2d  class,  1883.  Works  :  Education  of  Bac- 
chus, Musee  Rath,  Geneva ;  The  Two  Sis- 
ters, Mary  (1883);  Portraits. 

GIRONDISTS,  LAST  OF  THE,  Karl  von 
Pilot  ij,  George  A.  Drummond,  Montreal ; 
canvas.  Scene  :  the  Place  de  la  Revolu- 
tion, now  called  Place  de  la  Concorde,  with 
the  guillotine  in  background,  left ;  in  front, 
the  Girondists  dragged  to  execution  in  carts, 
amid  the  jeers  of  the  fishwives,  who  sit,  knit- 
ting in  hand,  on  platforms  under  umbrellas. 
In  the  rear  cart  is  the  dead  body  of  Vala/e, 
who  stabbed  himself  with  a  concealed  dag- 
ger on  the  passing  of  the  sentence.  Photo- 
gravure in  Art  Treasures  of  America,  ii.  00. 

GIROUX,  ANDRE,  born  in  Paris,  April 
30,  1801.  Genre  and  landscape  painter,  son 
and  pupil  of  the  animal  painter,  Achille  G., 
of  Thibaulf,  and  of  the  Ecole  des  Beaux 
Arts  ;  won  grand  prix  de  Rome  in  1825. 
Medals  :  2d  class,  1822  ;  1st  class,  1831 ;  L. 
of  Honour,  1837.  Works :  Preparing  the 
Market  (1819);  The  Basement,  Stable,  Mar- 
ket by  the  S:-a-shore  (1822);  Fish-Market, 
Orpheus  and  Eurydice  (1824);  View  of 
Capri  (1827);  View  in  the  Sabine  Country, 
Shepherd  of  Casaprota,  Sixtus  V.  and  the 
Gypsy  Women  (1831);  View  at  Larco  Os- 
curo  near  Rome  (1831),  Douai  Museum  ; 
Plain  of  Givsivaudan  near  Grenoble  (1834), 
Luxembourg  Museum  ;  French  Alps  (1837), 
Ministry  of  Interior,  Paris  ;  Ruins  of  Resti, 
Chalets  (1837);  Knife-Grinder's  Shop  (1857); 
Ravine  of  Golling  in  Austria  (18G3);  Valley 
of  Gri'sivaudan  near  Grenoble  (1800);  Val- 
ley of  the  Dranse  in  Savoy  (1808);  Valley 
of  Maglan  in  Savoy,  Mill  at  Vichy,  View  at 
Willegen,  Switzerland  (1874) ;  Landscape, 
Raveno  Gallery,  Berlin. — Bellier  de  la  Cha- 
vignerie,  i.  003  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  772. 

GIRSCHER,  BERNHARD,  born  at  Ro- 
thenburg,  Silesia,  in  1822,  died  in  1870. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  in  Breslau  of  Resell, 
went  to  Munich  in  1849,  studied  four  years 
there  and  from  nature  in  the  Bavarian  High- 
lands and  the  Tyrol  ;  lived  some  time  at 


148 


(ilKTIX 


Lieguitz,  and  in  1854  went  to  Berlin. 
Works:  Mill  in  Silesia;  Windmill;  Moon- 
light Night  in  Tyrolese  Alps  ;  Ttmcru  Moun- 
tain. 

GIRTIN,  THOMAS,  born  at  Southwark, 
Surrey,  in  1775,  died  in  Ijondon  in  1*02. 
Landscape  painter,  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  English  school  of  painting  in  water-col- 
ours, and  next  in  importance  to  Turner, 
with  whom  he  was  intimate  ;  exhibited  at 
the  Royal  Academy  in  1 794-180 1.  Works  : 
View  of  Bridgenorth,  (treat  Hall  in  Con  way 
Castle,  Ethel  Castle,  Melrose  Abbey,  View 
of  Ripon,  York  Cathedral,  Interior  of  Can- 
terbury Cathedral,  and  others,  British  Mu- 
seum, London;  Hievaulx  Abbey  (1798),  View 
on  the  Thames,  Warkworth  Hermitage, 
three  others,  South  Kensington  Museum,  ib. ; 
View  of  St.  Asaph,  Jedburgh  Abbey,  Nation- 
al Gallery,  Dublin. 

Miller,  Turner  and  (lirtin's  Picturesque 
Views  (London,  iHot). 

GISP.ERT,  ANTONIO,  born  at  Alcoy. 
Valencia  ;  contemporary.  History  and  genre 
painter,  pupil  of  Madrid  Academy.  Direc- 
tor of  S.  Fernando  Museum,  Madrid.  Med- 
als :  Paris,  18<;r>,  18(17;  Otliccr  L.  of  Hon- 
our, 1S70.  Works:  Landing  of  Puritans 
in  North  America  ;  Execution  of  Padilla  ; 
Death  of  Don  Carlos  ;  Francis  I.  meeting 
his  Betrothed  ;  Columbus  embarking  at 
Palos  ;  Paolo  and  Francesca  ;  Guitar  Player. 
Grandfather's  Birthday,  Flute  Player,  In 
the  Garden,  Students'  Household  ;  Modern 
Paris  and  Three  Graces  (1882);  Prestidigi- 
tator, William  Astor,  New  York. — Miiller, 
209. 

G  I SL  E  R  ,  EDOUARD  ;  contemporary. 
History  painter,  pupil  of  Nave/.  Works: 
Jeremiah  on  Huins  of  .Jerusalem  (18IU!),  St. 
Gudule's,  Brussels;  The  Virgin  (1841).— 
Immer/eel,  i.  280. 

GIULIANO,  BARTOLOMMEO,  born  at 
Susa,  North  Italy,  in  1825.  Genre  and  land- 
scape painter,  professor  at  Milan  Academy. 
Works  :  Faust  and  Marguerite  ;  Parisina  ; 
Difficult  Passage  ;  In  Thoughts  ;  Drinking 
Girl  (18(5«).— MUller,  209. 


GH'LIO  ROMANO,  bom  in  Rome  in 
1492,  died  in  Mantua.  Nov.  1,  154li.  lieal 
name  Giulio  Pippi  de'(ii- 
annuz/i,  but  called  Romano 
from  his  birthplace.  Um- 
brian  school  ;  became  the 
assistant  of  Kaphael  when 
quite  young,  and  with  II 
Fat  tore  and  Pellegrino  da 
Modena  aided  him  in  the 
decoration  of  the  Vatican. 
He  was  Raphael's  favour- 
ite pupil  and  was,  with  II 
Flit  tore,  his  heir  and  art  executor.  He 
painted  frescos  in  Koine  in  the  Villa  Lanti, 
in  the  Villa  Madama.  which  he  built,  and 
in  Trinita  de'  Monti.  Having  fulfilled  his 
duties  towards  Raphael  by  finishing  his 
incomplete  works  in  the  Vatican,  and  in 
painting,  with  II  Fat  tore,  the  Assumption 
which  Kaphael  had  promised  to  the  Convent 
of  Monteluce,  now  in  the  Vatican,  he  went 
(bvJll  to  Mantua  and  end-red  the  service  of 
Duke  Federigo  ( ion/.aga.  There  he  directed 
works  in  architecture  as  well  as  in  painting, 
having  under  him  many  scholars  and  assist- 
ants. While  under  Raphael's  care  he  was  a 
close  imitator  of  his  style  ;  but  when  left  to 
himself  his  taste  soon  became  depraved,  and 
he  was  largely  responsible  for  the  decay  of 
Italian  art.  Among  his  works  in  Mantua 
are  frescos  in  the  Pala/./o  del  Te,  which  In- 
built. They  represent  the  Defeat  of  the 
Giants,  and  the  Hist  or  v  of  Cupid  and  Psyche, 
the  latter  with  a  licentious  freedom  of  treat 
ment  which  ill  accords  with  the  traditions  of 
tin;  school  in  which  lie  was  bred.  He  also 
painted  other  frescos  in  the  I'lli/io  della 
Scaccheria  and  in  several  churches  in  Man- 
tua. In  l")4(i  he  was  chosen  architect  of  St. 
Peter's,  Koine,  as  successor  toSansovino,  and 
was  about  to  set  out  for  that  city  when  he 
died.  Among  the  best  of  his  few  easel  pic- 
tures are  :  Minimum  del  Bacino,  Pan  and  the 
young  Olympus,  Dresden  Gal.;  Martyrdom 
of  St.  Sti'/ilii-n,  S.  Stefano,  Genoa;  Madon- 
na, Sacristy  of  St.  Peter's,  Rome;  Julius  II. 
(copy  of  Raphael),  Foruariua  (copy  of  the 


GIUXTA 


Barberini  picture),  Venus,  Borghese,  Rome; 
Galatea  (copy  of  Raphael's  fresco),  Accad. 
S.  Luca,  Rome  ;  Madonna,  Uffi/i,  Florence  ; ' 
Dance  of  Muse*,  Pal.  Pitti,  ib.  ;  Madonna 
della  Gatta,  Naples  Mus. ;  Nativity,  Triumph 
of  Titus  and  Vespasian,  Vfnnx  and  Vulcan, 
Madonna  and  St.  John,  Repose  of  Holy 
Family,  and  portrait  of  himself,  Louvre; 
Madonna  and  Child,  do.  with  St.  John, 
and  several  others,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg ;  Infancy  of  Jupili'i;  Vision  of  the 
Magdalen  (fresco).  Capture  of  Carthage, 
Continence  of  Scipio,  Abduction  of  the  Sa- 
bine  Women,  Nat.  Gal.,  London  ;  Jmin  and 
Hercules,  Bridgewater  House,  London  ;  Ma- 
(luiiiia  with  Saints,  S.  Francesco,  Brescia  ; 
Madnnna  with  Saints,  S.  M.  dell'  Anima, 
Rome. — Vasari,  ed.  Le.  Mon.,  x.  87  ;  ed. 
Mil.,  v.  5-2:!,  r>C>:i  ;  Burckhardt,  8,  128,  171), 
180  ;  Cli.  Blanc,  Kcole  ombrienne  ;  Dohmo, 
2iii. 

Gll'NTA  PISANO,  of  Pisa,  first  half  of 
13th  century.  First  mentioned  as  master 
in  1210,  anil  still  living  at  Pisa  in  1255. 
Frescos  bv  him  or  by  artists  of  his  school 
are  in  S.  Pietro  in  Grado,  near  Pisa.  He 
is  said  to  have  painted  in  123(i,  in  the 
upper  church  of  S.  Francesco  Assisi,  a  Cru- 
cifixion with  Father  Klias.  Other  pictures 
in  the  Academy,  and  in  the  Campo  Santo  at 
Pisa,  are  ascribed  both  to  him  and  to  Cima- 
Ime.— C.  &  ('.,  Italy,  i.  l(i(i;  Liibke,  Gesch. 
ital.  Mai.,  i.  8<i  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  i.  221, 
307 ;  Morrona,  Pisa  Illustrata  (Leghorn, 
1812),  ii.  IK!. 

GirSEPPlNO.     See  Oxa»r,  Giuseppe. 

GIUSTO  D'  ANDREA  DI  GIUSTO,  Flor- 
entine school,  flourished  second  half  of  15th 
century.  Son  of  Andrea  di  Giusto,  Masac- 
cio's  assistant  ;  worked  under  Neri  di  Bicci 
in  1458-5!),  with  Fra  Filippo  in  14fiO,  and 
assisted  Benozzo  Gozzoli  in  the  Campo 
Santo,  Pisa.  His  style  is  a  mixture  of  that 
of  Fra  Filippo  and  of  Gozzoli,  but  inferior 
to  both.  By  him  are,  perhaps,  a  Madonna 
and  Saints  in  S.  Gimignano  Gallery  (attrib- 
uted to  Gozzoli);  do.  in  S.  Girolamo,  Vol- 
terra  ;  do.  iu  Gallery  Comuuale,  Prato  ;  do. 


in  Florence  Academy. — C.  &  C.,  Italy,  ii. 
51G  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  ii.  258  ;  iv.  191. 

GIUSTO  DI  GIOVANNI.     See  Menaboi. 

GLADIATORS  (Combat  de  Gladiateurs), 
Jean  Leon  Glri'nne,  Mrs.  A.  T.  Stewart,  New 
York ;  canvas.  Scene  in  the  Coliseum,  Rome. 
The  victor  in  a  gladiatorial  combat  stands 
over  his  prostrate  foe  and  turns  to  the  spec- 
tators for  the  signal  of  life  or  death,  given  by 
turning  the  thumbs,  whence  the  picture  is 
sometimes  called  Pollice  Verso. 

GLAESER,  GEORG,  born  at  Altorf,  near 
Nuremberg,  in  1719,  died  at  Baireuth  in 
1748.  Portrait  and  history  painter  ;  became 
court-painter  to  Margrave  Frederic  of  Bai- 
reuth, who  sent  him  to  Vienna  and  then  to 
Italy,  where  he  remained  seven  years. 
Works :  Death  of  Lucretia,  Death  of  Cleo- 
patra, Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg:  Alex- 
ander's Entry  into  India,  Baptism  of  Christ, 
Portrait  of  a  Rabbi  (17.'!5),  Landauer  Briider- 
haus,  ib. 

GLAIZE,  AUGUSTE  (BARTHELEMY), 
born  at  Montpellicr,  Dec.  15,  181:1  Genre 
painter,  pupil  of  the  brothers  Deveria  ;  be- 
longs to  the  realistic  school ;  is  more  suc- 
cessful with  mythological  than  with  Chris- 
tian subjects.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1842  ;  2d 
class,  1844,  1848,  and  1855  ;  1st  class,  1845  ; 
L.  of  Honour,  1855.  Works  :  Flight  into 
Egypt,  Luca  Signorelli  lamenting  his  Son 
killed  in  a  Duel  (183(i);  After  the  War 
(1838);  Faust  and  Marguerite,  Angels  com- 
ing for  the  Body  of  the  Magdalen  (1839) ; 
Vision  of  Saint  Theresa  (1841);  Flight  into 
Egypt,  Interior  with  Holy  Family,  Psyche 
(1842);  Women  Bathing,  Humility  of  Saint 
Elizabeth  (1843);  Susannah  at  the  Bath,  St. 
Elizabeth  begging  her  Bread  (1844);  Acis 
and  Galatea  (1845);  Blood  of  Venus  (184G), 
Montpellier  Museum  ;  Dante  writing  under 
the  Inspiration  of  Beatrice  and  Virgil  (1847); 
Death  of  the  Precursor  (1848),  Toulouse 
Museum  ;  Women  of  Gaul  (1852),  Autun 
Museum  ;  The  Pillory  (1855);  What  One  sees 
at  the  Age  of  Twenty  (1855),  Montpellier 
Museum  ;  Cupids  at  Auction  (1857),  Beziers 
Museum ;  Before  the  Shop  of  a  Mouey- 


150 


GI.AI/K 


Changer  (1857)  ;  Address  of  the  Emperor 
on  the  Distribution  of  Envies  (ordered  by 
State  in  1855);  Around  the  Bowl  (1801), 
Anvers  Museum  ;  Misery  (18(il);  Dangerous 
Reefs  (18(!4),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Slav- 
ery (1805),  Narbonne  Museum;  St.  Gcne- 
vicve  stopping  Attila,  St.  Genevieve  saving 
Lives  of  Prisoners,  Devotion  to  St.  ( lene- 
vieve  (1805,  frescos),  St.  Gervais,  Paris; 
Moima  Belcolore  (1800);  Posterity  address- 
ing Joan  of  Arc  (1807);  Blood  of  a  Martyr 
(]8(iS);  Caligula's  Jest  (ISO!));  Insulting 
Christ  (18(i!l),  Ministry  of  Fine  Arts,  Paris; 
Jesus  the  Saviour,  Psyche  Abandoned  ( 187(1); 
Spectacle  of  Human  Folly  (1872);  Path  in 
Roscbois  (1874);  Two  Neighbors  (187!)); 
Psyche  (1880);  First  Steps  (1881);  Foolish 
Virgins,  Subject,  from  Musicus  (1882);  Vote 
of  Gaspard  Duchatel  (188:!);  Around  the 
Truth,  Hours  of  Life  (1884).—  Bellier  de  la 
Chavigneric,  i.  (JU5  ;  Claretie,  Peintres,  etc. 
(1871),  lit!)  ;  Larousse  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  4():i  ; 
M  filler,  201). 

GLAIZE,  (PIERRE  PAUL)  LEON,  born 
in  Paris,  Feb.  ;{, 
1842.  History  and 
genre  painter,  son 
and  pupil  of  Aug- 
uste,  and  pupil  of 
Geronie  ;  received 
honourable  mention 
in  18  5  !)  for  his 
Treason  of  Delilah. 
Medals  :  1804,  1800, 
and  18(!8  ;  1st  class, 
1878 ;  L.  of  Honour 
and  Nymphs  (18(!1),  Montauban  Museum  ; 
Samson  taken  by  the  Philistines  (1801)  ; 
./Esop  at  House  of  Xanthus  (18(53),  Dijon 
Museum  ;  Samson  breaking  his  Bonds 
(1804),  Mulhouso  Museum ;  Christ  and 
the  Ten  Lepers  (1800),  Church  of  White 
Friars,  Paris  ;  Penelope's  Nights  (18(!(!), 
Brussels  Museum  ;  Minerva's  Shield  (1807), 
Montauban  Museum ;  Young  Girl  facing 
Death  (1869) ;  The  First  Duel  (1870),  Aries 
Museum  ;  Death  of  Saint  Louis  (1872), 
Church  of  St.  Louis  d'Antiii  ;  Lucia,  Bielle 


; 


1877.     Works:  Faun 


the  Bouquet-Seller  (1874);  Conspiracy  in 
Early  Home  (1875),  Luxembourg  Museum; 
Orpheus  (1870)  ;  l-'iti/ilin:*  (1877);  portrait 
of  J.  L.  Gen'ime  (187!))  ;  Tin:  Awakening 
( 1881 1  ;  Feast  in  Honour  of  Theseus  (18S5). 
— Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  005  ;  Miiller, 
201). 

GLANTSCHNIGG,  ULIUCH,  born  at 
Hall,  Tyrol,  in  1001,  died  at  Bo/cn  in  \~'1'1 
German  school  ;  history  painter,  pupil  of 
Deutenhofer,  then  in  Venice  of  Heinricli 
Frisch  and  Carlotto  ;  travelled  in  Italy, 
Switzerland,  visited  Munich,  and  settled  in 
Dozen  in  1080.  Painted  also  attractive 
genre  pieces,  with  ligures  in  Tyrolese  cos- 
tume, found  in  many  private  collections. 
Works  :  Legend  of  St.  Francis  of  Assisi 
(1712),  Franciscan  Church,  Bo/.en  ;  The 
Three  Magi,  St.  Catharine,  Parish  Church, 
ib. ;  Christ  feeding  the  Five  Thousand,  City 
Hall,  ib.  His  son  and  pupil,  Josef  Anton 
(1695-1750),  was  also  an  able  and  versatile 
artist,  who  worked  for  many  years  at  Wiir/ 
burg. — Wur/.bach,  v.  205. 

GLASS,  JAMKS  W.,  born  about,  1825. 
died  in  1857.  Historical  genre  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Huntington  in  New  York  in  1815. 
Lived  and  painted  in  London  from  1817  to 
1850.  His  Last  Return  from  Duty,  an 
equestrian  portrait  of  the  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton, painted  in  England,  was  bought  by 
Lord  Ellesmere,  and  repeated  for  the  (^ueen. 
Works:  Free  Companion;  Puritan  and 
Cavalier;  Edge  Hill;  Battle  of  Naseby, 
Wright  Collection  ;  Royal  Standard. — Tuck- 
crinan,  421. 

GLAUBER,  JAN,  called  Polydor,  born  at 
Utrecht  in  1040,  died  at  Amsterdam  or 
Schooiihovcn  in  1720.  Dutch  school;  land- 
scape painter,  pupil  of  Berchcm.  After 
spending  a  year  (1071)  in  Paris  with  the 
flower- painter,  Picard,  and  two  years  in 
Lyons  with  Arij  van  der  Kabel,  ho  went  to 
Rome,  in  company  with  his  brother,  Jan 
Godlieb,  and  his  sister,  Diana,  also  a  skilful 
artist,  and  was  received  under  the  name  of 
Polydor  into  the  society  of  Dutch  and  Ger- 
man artists  there,  called  the  SchilderbeuL 


151 


GLAUBER 


Having  spent  two  years  in  Rome,  one  year 
in  Padua,  and  two  years  in  Venice,  lie  went 
iu  1080  to  Hamburg,  and  resided  there  and 
in  Copenhagen  until  10S5,  when  he  settled 
in  Amsterdam,  in  the  house  of  Gerard  de  Lai- 
resse,  who  pointed  ligures  in  his  landscapes. 
His  pictures  show  a  conception  kindred  to 
Poussin,  combining  elevated  composition 
with  excellent  drawing.  In  colouring,  chi- 
aroscuro, and  individuality,  he  often  sur- 
passed his  model.  Works  :  Landscapes  in 
the  Louvre,  Amsterdam,  Rotterdam,  Bruns- 
wick, Cologne,  Berlin,  Vienna,  and  Madrid 
Museums,  and  Augsburg,  Munich,  Dresden, 
Copenhagen,  Oldenburg,  and  Christiania 
Galleries,  and  Historical  Society,  New  York. 

Cli.  Diane,  Kcole  hollandaise  ;  Immerzeel, 
i.  2cSO  ;  Kramm,  ii.  575  ;  Riegel,  Beitrage, 
ii.  .112. 

GLAUBER,  JAN  GODLIEB,  called  Myr- 
til,  born  at  Utrecht  in  1050,  died  at  Brcslau 
in  1701!.  Dutch  school ;  landscape  painter, 
brother  and  pupil  of  Jan,  whom  he  after- 
ward accompanied  to  Italy,  where  his  charm- 
ing pastorals  earned  him  the  nickname 
Myrtil.  After  his  return  he  sojourned  in 
Vienna,  Prague,  and  Breslau.  His  pictures, 
in  the  style  of  his  brother  Jan,  are  of  poetic 
composition,  warm  in  colouring,  and  care- 
ful in  execution.  Works :  Landscapes, 
Augsburg  Gallery,  and  Vienna  Academy  ; 
.Snake  in  the  Grass,  Glasgow  Gallery. — Im- 
merzeel, i.  280  ;  Kramm,  ii.  575. 

GLAUCION,  painter  of  Corinth,  date  un- 
kiiown.  Master  of  At/ii'miin. — Pliny,  xxxv. 
10  [134], 

GLEANER,  Jules  ISrclon,  Luxembourg' 
Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  7  ft.  0  in.  :•:  4  ft.  1  in. 
Full-length,  with  bare  head,  arms,  and  feet, 
standing  with  her  left  arm  akimbo,  her 
right  holding  a  sheaf  upon  her  left  shoul- 
der ;  in  background,  other  gleaners.  Salon, 
1877. 

GLEANERS,  Jean  Francois  MUM,  Bis- 
fichoffslieiin  Collection,  Paris.  Three  wom- 
en gleaning  in  the  foreground  of  a  wheat- 
field  ;  in  background,  two  great  stacks  of 
grain,  on  one  of  which  men  are  packing 


sheaves  which  another  man  is  pitching  up 
from  a  wagon  drawn  by  oxen.  Salon,  1857 ; 
Exposition  universelle,  1807. 

GLEANERS,  RECALL  OF  THE  (Rappel 
des  Glaueuses),  Jules  Jlretoii,  Luxembourg 
Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  3  ft.  x  5  ft.  9  in.  The 
gleaners,  a  dozen  or  more  women  and  girls, 
at  work  in  a  field  on  a  sultry  evening,  arc 
called  from  their  labours  by  a  "  garde  chani- 
petre,"  who,  leaning  against  a  post  at  left, 
with  his  dog  beside  him,  is  shouting  with 
both  hands  up  to  his  mouth.  Painted  in 
1859.— Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (1859),  ii.  288. 

GLEICHAUF,  RUDOLF,  born  at  Hiifin- 
gen,  Baden,  July  20,  1820.  History  painter, 
pupil  of  Munich  Academy  under  Julius 
Schnorr,  whom  he  followed  to  Dresden, 
where  he  copied  in  the  Gallery,  then  studied 
in  the  Stiidel  Institute  in  Frankfort,  and 
devoted  himself  especially  to  monumental 
painting.  Works :  Decorations  in  New 
Theatre  at  Carlsruhe  ;  Frieze  in  Castle  Heili- 
genberg  on  Lake  Constance  ;  Frieze  in 
Trinkhalle  at  Baden-Baden  ;  Scenes  from 
Schetlel's  Aventiure ;  several  altarpieces  ; 
allegories  in  fresco  in  building  of  United 
Col.  at  Carlsruhe.— Miiller,  210. 

GLEICHEN-RUSSWURM,  HEINRICH 
LUDWIG  VON,  Baron,  born  at  Greifen- 
stein-ob-Boiniland,  Bavaria,  Oct.  25,  1830. 
Landscape  painter,  grandson  of  Schiller, 
pupil  of  Weimar  Art  School  under  Max 
Schmidt  and  Theodor  Hagen.  Works  :  On 
the  Harbour-Pier  at  Bregenz ;  Summer 
Afternoon  ;  Beech  Wood  in  Autumn  ;  In 
Harvest-Time.  —Miiller,  211. 

GLEYRE,  CHARLES  GABRIEL,  born 
at  Chevilly,  Switzerland,  May  2,  1800,  died 
in  Paris,  May  5,  1874.  Genre  painter,  pu- 
pil in  Paris  of  Hersent  for  a  short  time,  then 
worked  by  himself  until  he  went  to  Egypt, 
where  lie  spent  several  years  ;  visited  Italy 
on  his  way  home,  in  1833,  and  in  1840  ex- 
hibited at  the  Salon  his  St.  John,  which  at- 
tracted much  attention.  In  1849  he  had  a 
quarrel  with  the  administration,  and  thence- 
forth sent  his  pictures  to  Swiss  exhibitions. 
He  had  many  pupils.  Medals  in  1843, 1845. 


133 


GI.IKMAXX 


Works :  Young  Nubian  Woman,  Diana  in 
the  Bath  (1838);  Vision  of  St.  John  (1810); 
Lost  Illusion*  (1843), 
W.  T.  Walters,  Balti- 
inorc  ;  Departure  of 
the  Apostles  (1845); 
Nymph  Echo  ;  Dance 
of  the  Bacchantes 
(184!)) ;  Vfiius  on  a 
Ram  (1855);  Death  of 
Major  Duviil,  Battle  of 
Lake  Leman  (1858), 
Portraits  of  General 
Joinini  ami  of  M.  W.  Haldimand,  Lausanne 
Museum  ;  Diana  Hunting,  Xausica'i,  Daph- 
nis  and  Chloi'1,  Virgin  with  Christ  and  St. 
John,  Joan  of  Arc  in  the  Forest,  Ruth  and 
Boa/,  Delude,  Return  of  Prodigal  Son  (all 
before  18(13);  Hercules  and  Oniphalc  (18(i:i); 
Minerva  and  the  Graces,  Sappho  ;  1't'nlheitx 
pursued  by  the  Mainades,  The  Charmers, 
Basle  Museum;  Young  Roman's  JiaHi  (18G8), 
C.  S.  Smith,  New  York.— Gaz.  des  B.  Arts 
(1875),  xi.  233,  404;  Larousse,  viii.  1301; 
Meyer,  Gesch.,  MM  ;  Clement,  Life  (1858). 

GLIEMANN,  PHILI1T  ALBERT,  born 
at  Wolfenbiittel,  Brunswick,  Dec.  2li,  1822, 
died  in  Dresden,  April  25,  1872.  Portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  the  Dresden  Academy 
under  Julius  Hiibner.  Was  for  many 
years  the  favourite  portrait  painter  in  Dres- 
den. Works  :  Jew's  Head,  Dresden  Gal- 
lery ;  Portrait  of  King  John  of  Saxony, 
Leipsic  University. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  i.\. 
23<>. 

GLINK,  FRANZ  XAVIER,  born  at  Uur- 
gau,  Bavaria,  in  17'J5,  died  in  Munich,  Feb. 
22,  1873.  History  painter,  pupil  of  the 
Munich  Academy  under  Peter  von  Lander  ; 
went  in  1824  to  Rome,  and  after  his  return 
painted  altarpieces  and  subjects  from  Ger- 
man epics  and  from  Tasso  ;  then 
turned  again  entirely  to  religious 
art.  Works  :  Flight  into  Egypt ; 
Mary's  Visit  to  Elizabeth  ;  Madon- 
na ;  Christ  as  a  Gardener ;  St.  Cecilia ; 
Christ  iu  Glory  ;  Sermon  on  the  Mount ; 
Cycle  from  Wilkiua  Saga  and  the  Niebel- 


'  ungon  ;  Scenes  from  Tasso;  Story  of  An- 
tharis. — Allgoin.  d.  Biogr.,  i\.  'J37. 

GLIN/ER,  KARL,  born  at  Breitenau. 
near  Cassel,  in  1802,  died  at  Ciissel  in  1878. 
History  and  landscape  painter,  pupil  of 
Munich  Academy,  and,  in  1825,  of  Diisscl- 
dorf  Academy  under  Schadow,  then  of  Gros 
in  Paris  ;  visited  Rome  and  Naples  in  183:!. 
Works:  Susanna  at  the  Bath  ( 1837),  Kunst- 
lialle,  Hamburg  ;  Joseph's  I  Moody  C'oat 
(ISliS);  Good  Samaritan;  Slave  Dealer 
(184()i;  Pan  and  Syrinx  (1852). 

GLORIA,  LA,  Tilutn.  Ma.lrid  Museum; 
canvas,  H.  11  ft.  4  in.  x  7  ft.  10  in.;  signed. 
High  in  the  heavens,  in  a  halo  of  light,  the 
Father  and  the  Son  are  seated,  with  ervstal 
orbs  and  sceptres  in  their  hands  ;  around 
them  countless  cherubim  and  seraphim  fail- 
ing away  in  a  brilliant  mist  ;  lower  down  in 
the  clouds  the  Virgin  stands  interceding  f. >r 
sinners,  at  whose  head  Charles  V.,  to  tin- 
right,  with  the  crown  at  his  feet,  is  kneel- 
ing ;  behind  him  is  the  Empress  ;  lower 
down  Mary  of  Hungary,  Philip  and  his  sis- 
ter, all  in  winding-sheets,  praying;  still 
lower  an;  Job  (portrait  of  Vargas),  Moses, 
Noah,  and  the  Magdalen,  and  to  the  left  iu 
ascending  lilies  the  Evangelists  and  Proph- 
ets. Painted  in  1554  for  Charles  V.,  who 
ordered  it  as  a  record  of  his  intention  to 
<(iiit  the  throne.  On  his  abdication  (1555), 
he  took  it,  with  other  pictures,  to  the  Monas- 
tery of  Yuste,  where  it  was  hung  at  the  foot, 
of  his  bed.  Charles  ordered  the  picture, 
which  he  called  the  Last  Judgment,  to  he 
placed  after  his  death  on  the  high  altar  of 
the  Monastery,  but  Philip  removed  it  to  the 
Escorial,  from  which  it  passed  to  the  Mu- 
seum. Sometimes  called  also  the  Trinity. 
Engraved  byCort;  in  reverse  by  Hondins. 
— Vasari,  cd.  Mil.,  vii.  451  ;  C.  X  C.,  Titian, 
ii.  232  ;  Gachard,  Retraite  et  Mort  de  Charles 
V.  (Brussels,  1855),  ii.  'JO  ;  Revue  Universelle 
des  Arts,  iii.  227. 

GLOVACKI,  JOHANN  NEPOMUK,  born 
at  Cracow  in  1802,  died  there,  July  28,  1847. 
Landscape  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of 
Cracow  Academy,  then  studied  in  Prague 


153 


GOBAUT 


and  under  Steinfeld  at  the  Vienna  Academy, 
and  after  his  return  to  Cracow  became  pro- 
fessor at  the  university.  Visited  Munich, 
and  having  spent  two  years  in  Home,  re- 
turned in  1835.  His  landscapes,  views  in 
the  Carpathian  mountains  and  in  Galicia, 
were  in  great  demand,  and  are  mostly  in 
private  collections  at  Cracow. — Wurzbach, 
v.  220. 

GOBAl'T,  GASPARD,  born  in  Paris, 
December  27,  1814.  Landscape  and  battle 
painter,  pupil  of  his  father  and  of  Simeon 
Fort.  Medal,  3d  class,  1847  ;  L.  of  Hon- 
our, 1871.  Works:  Eleven  water-colour 
views  in  Algiers,  nine  views  near  Paris 
(1847);  Siege  of  Home  in  1849  (1852);  Bat- 
tles and  Skirmishes  in  Italian  Campaign  of 
185',)  (10,  1801);  Views  in  Jura  Mountains, 
Pyrenees,  etc.  (18(14-70) ;  Kittles  of  Magenta 
and  Solferino  (1870);  Ann  of  the  Seine, 
Skirmish  at  Villersexel  in  1871  (1877).— 
.1  Jollier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  (i(i7. 

GOBBO,  ANDREA  DEL.  Sec  Snhri,,, 
Andrea. 

GOBBO  DA  MILANO.  See  Su/ano,  An- 
drea. 

GOBEL,  KAHL,  born  in  Vienna  in  1824. 
Portrait,  genre,  and  landscape  painter  in 
water-colours,  son  of  Karl  Peter,  pupil  of 
Vienna  Academy  ;  travelled  extensively  in 
France,  Spain,  Italy,  Hungary,  and  Russia. 
Works:  Fisherman's  Family  returning 
Home  ;  Camp  of  Army-Train  ;  Gibraltar  ; 
Cathedral  of  Valencia  ;  Escorial  ;  Painters 
in  Gypsy  Camp  ;  Pilgrimage  to  Mariazell  ; 
Coal  Sledge  ;  Pifl'erari.  —  Miiller,  02  ;  Wurz- 
bach, v.  2:34. 

GOBEL,  KAHL  PETEll,  born  at  Wiirz- 
burg  in  1701,  died  in  Vienna  in  1823. 
Portrait  and  history  painter,  pupil  of 
Vienna  Academy,  where  he  won  several 
prizes.  Works  :  Jacob  blessing  Sons  of 
Joseph  (1820),  Vienna  Museum  ;  Moses 
(1821);  Death  of  Dido  (1822).— Wurzbach, 
v.  234. 

GOD  THE  FATHER,  WITH  SAINTS, 
Fra  Bartolommco,  Lucca  Gallery  ;  wood, 
figures  under  life-size  ;  dated  1509.  The 


Eternal,  enthroned  on  the  clouds,  attended 
by  cherubim  and  seraphim,  with  right  hand 
raised  in  benediction  ;  below,  St.  Catherine 
of  Siena  on  the  left,  and  Mary  Magdalen  on 
right,  both  kneeling  in  ecstacy  and  raised 
from  the  ground  by  a  band  of  cherubim. 
Painted  for  Convent  of  S.  Pietro  Martire, 
Murano  ;  but  it  remained  in  the  hands  of 
Fra  Bartolommeo,  who  is  supposed  to  have 
presented  it  to  the  Prior  Santi  Pagnini,  of 
the  Convent  of  S.  Homano,  Lucca  ;  removed 
lately  to  the  gallery. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv. 
102  ;  Marchese,  ii.  52,  240,  303  ;  C.  &  C., 
Italy,  iii.  448. 

GOD  APPEARING  TO  NOAH,  Raphael, 
Stanza  d'  Eliodoro,  Vatican  ;  fresco  on  ceil- 
ing. God  the  Father,  accompanied  by  two 
angels,  descending  from  heaven,  and  about 
to  address  Noah,  who  kneels  in  adoration  ; 
one  of  Noah's  sons  is  near  him,  the  two 
others  with  their  mother,  who,  holding  one 
in  her  arms,  looks  out  from  the  door  of  her 
house.  Vasari  calls  this  the  Covenant  with 
Abraham.  Painted  in  1513-14.  Engraved 
by  Fr.  Aquila;  Michel  Corneille;  S.  Rouille- 
mont. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  34G  ;  Miintz, 
370  :  Passavant,  ii.  128. 

GODDESS  OF  DISCORD,  Joseph  M. 
W.  Turni-r,  National  Gallery,  London  ;  can- 
vas, H.  4  ft.  11  in.  x  1  ft.  The  Goddess  of 
Discord  choosing  the  apple  of  contention  in 
the  Garden  of  the  Hesperides.  The  three 
daughters  of  Hesperus,  ^Egle,  Hespere,  and 
Erytheis,  dwelt  in  the  garden,  where  they 
had  charge  of  the  tree  of  the  golden  apples, 
the  gift  of  Earth  to  Juno  on  her  wedding- 
day.  The  Hesperides  and  the  garden  were 
guarded  by  the  dragon  Ladon,  destroyed  by 
Hercules  in  his  eleventh  labour.  The  God- 
dess of  Discord,  not  having  been  invited  to 
the  marriage  feast  of  Peleus  and  Thetis, 
procured  one  of  these  apples,  and  writing 
upon  it,  "For  the  most  beautiful,"  threw  it 
among  the  guests  at  the  feast.  It  was 
claimed  by  Juno,  Minerva,  and  Venus. 
Jupiter,  to  end  the  strife,  ordered  that  the 
dispute  should  be  settled  by  Paris,  the 
shepherd  of  Mt.  Ida.  The  Judgment  of 


154 


GODS 

Paris,  who  Awarded  it  to  Venus,  that  god-  clear  in  tone.     Attributed  to  him  is  also  an 

dees  having  promised  him  Helen  of  Sparta  Annunciation  in  the  Old  Pinakotliek  at  Mu- 

for   his  wife,   led  to  the   Trojan   war.     In  nicli. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  i*.  322 ;  Ch.  Blanc, 

Turner's  picture,  n  glorious  mountain  land-  TCeole  rlamande  ;  Kd.  De  Busscher.  Rechcr- 

scape,  with  the  River  Lethon  and  nymphs  dies  sur  les  pcintrcs  Gantois,  (I."),  1(15,  ll;i, 

in  foreground,  the  Goddess  of  Discord   is  117,  205  ;  ('.  A:  ('.,  Flemish  Painters,  15.'); 

seen  receiving  the  apple  from  the  Hesperi-  Forstcr,   Dcnkmale,  XI.   iii.    1  ;    Immerxeel, 

des  ;  in  the  background,  the  fiery  dragon  is  ii.  l>2  ;  Kramni,  iii.   7l>4  ;  Wauters,   Hugues 

lying  at  length  along  the  summit  of  a  lofty  van  der  Goes,  etc.   (Brussels,  1872)  ;  ^'.  \ 

crag.     British  Institution,  180(5.     Engraved  \V.,  ii.  27. 
by  T.  A.  Prior  in  Turner  Gallery.  GOKT/LOF.  KARL  \\UA\  KL.M,  born  in 

GODS  AND  THEIH  MAKERS,  Edwin  Dresden  in  !8<r.{,  die,l  at  Naples  in  bSCC. 
Loin/,  Thomas  Taylor,  London  ;  canvas,  II.  Landscape  painter,  went  to  Italv  in  182.'!  ; 
4  ft.  1)  in.  x  7  ft.  !)  in.  Interior  of  an  Egyp-  member  of  Dresden  Academy  in  18:55. 
tian  studio,  with  grotesque  images  against  Sorrento,  Capo  iii  Monte,  Naples,  with 
the  wall  ;  at  right  a  sculptor  modelling  a  cat  dancing  Italians  i  18:511),  Kimstlialle.  Ham- 
after  a  living  model,  held  by  a  negress  ;  at  burg;  Two  Scenes  from  Taking  of  Catania, 
left,  young  girls  seated  on  tloor  painting  Berne  Museum. 

images.      Royal    Academy,    1878  ;    sold    at        GOLDEN   CALF.  Cliimlf   Lorrain,  Gros- 

Thomas  Tavlor's  sale  (188:5),  for  (.'2,725.  venor  House,  London;  canvas.  H.  4  ft.  7  in. 

(iOES,  HUGO  VAN  DER,  born  in  Ghent  X  8  ft.  1   in.;  dated    K',5:!.      Cunii>anioii   to 

about   14:50,   died    in    the   Rooden  Cloister,  XtTiiiuit    on    the    Mount.       The   golden    calf 

near   Brussels,  in    1482.     Flemish    school;  upon  a  high  pedestal  in  a  rocky  valley,  with 

history  and  portrait,    painter.     In   14(15  lie  Israelites  worshipping  it.      Liber  Veritatis, 

was  a  member,  and  in  14715-75  dean,  of  the  No.    1211.      Engraved    by    Ja/et,    Paris,    by 

painters' guild  at  Ghent,  where,  in  14(!8,  he  Lerpinirre    (1781),   and    in   Grosvenor   Gal- 

assisted   in    preparing    decorations  for    the  lery.      Study    in    bistre,    British    Museum: 

marriage  of  Charles  the  Bold  and  Margaret  sketch    in    Louvre.-    Pattison,   Claude   Lor- 

of  York.     About  1475  he  took  refuge  in  the  rain,  7:5,    218.    2:5  I  ;  AVaagen,   Treasures,  ii. 

Rooden   Cloister,  of   the  Augustine  Choir-  171. 

Masters,  whence,  in  1470-80,  he  was  called        GOLDEN  CALF,  Ti»l<>n-lt<..     See   .l/,,>rx 

to  Louvain,  as  one  of  the  greatest  painters  on  the  Mount. 

in  the  country,  to  value  an  unfinished  pict-  GOLDEN  HORN,  Sandford  R.  '.'///.//•,/. 
ure  by  Dierick  Bouts.  About  1481  he  be-  private  gallery,  New  York  ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft. 
came  insane.  The  one  authentic  picture  by  X  in.  •'  4  ft.  The  harbour  of  Constantinople, 
Hugo  van  der  Goes  is  the  altarpiecc  in  the  so  named  in  ancient  times  from  the  wealth 
Hospital  of  S.  Maria  Nuova,  Florence,  which  of  its  commerce.  The  picture  shows  an  ex- 
was  ordered  at  Bruges  by  Tommaso  Porti-  pause  of  rippled  water,  to  which  the  noon- 
nari,  and  painted  about  1470-75.  The  mid-  day  sun  gives  a  golden  glow  ;  on  each  sido 
die  picture  represents  the  Adoration  of  the  rows  of  shipping  extend  back  until  almost 
Shepherds  ;  on  the  wings  are  the  portraits  lost  in  the  golden  hax.c  through  which  the 
of  Tommaso  Portinari  and  his  two  sons,  roofs  and  spires  of  the  city  are  just  visible. 
presented  by  SS.  Matthew  and  Anthony,  GOLDMANN,  OTTO,  born  in  Berlin, 
and  of  Folco  Portinari,  with  his  wife  and  April  8,  1844.  Genre  painter,  for  a  short 
daughter  and  their  patron  saints,  Margaret  time  pupil  of  Berlin  Academy  ;  since  1878 
and  Mary  Magdalen.  Heads  earnest  and  has  followed  the  realistic  manner  of  Karl 
severe,  draperies  broken  into  still'  folds,  Gussow.  Works:  Not  Alone?  Check  and 
colour  wanting  in  harmony,  cold,  though  Mate?  In  (Jreat  Expectation;  Disturbed 

155 


GOLTZIUS 


"Rest ;  Quod  erat  demonstrandum. — Illustr. 
Zeitg.  (1882),  ii.  435  ;  Leixner,  D.  mod.  K, 
ii.  07  ;  Rundschau,  xviii.  30G. 
GOLTZIUS,  HENDRIK,  born  at  Miihl- 
brecht,  Duchy  of 
Jnlich,  in  Feb.,  I 
155S,  died  inHaar- 
1cm,  Dec.  29, 
1010,  or  Jan.  1, 
1017.  Dutch 
school  ;  his  to  ry, 
portrait,  and  land- 
scape painter,  al- 
though his  great 
reputation  rests 
upon  his  skill  as  an  engraver,  which  was  ex- 
ceptional. He  did  not  begin  to  paint  until 
he  was  forty-two  years  old.  Unhappily 
married  to  a  rich  widow  much  older  than 
himself,  he  lost  his  health,  and  by  the  ad- 
vice of  his  physicians  travelled  through 
Germany  (1590),  then  went  to  Rome  and 
(1592)  to  Naples.  After  his  return  to  Haar- 
lem he  suffered  from  the  harsh  climate  and 
gradually  declined.  Ho  was  a  versatile, 
skilful,  and  extravagant  mannerist,  who,  like 
Spranger,  delighted  in  forced  attitudes  and 
unnaturally-developed  muscles,  and  carica- 
tured the  style  of  Michelangelo,  whom  he 
endeavoured  to  emulate.  Works  :  Female 
portrait,  Brussels  Museum  ;  Adoration  of 
the  Magi,  St.  Maurice  Chapel,  Nuremberg  ; 
Adoration  of  the  Shepherds,  Stuttgart  Gal- 
lery ;  Ecce  Homo,  Gotha  Gallery  ;  The  Del- 
uge (1592),  Oldenburg  Gallery";  Titius  at- 
tacked by  the  Vulture  (1013),  Haarlem 
Museum  ;  Mercury  presenting  the  Eves  of 
Argus  to  Juno  (1015),  Rotterdam  Museum  ; 
Adam  and  Eve,  Wiesbaden  Gallery;  Circum- 
cision, Baptism  of  Christ,  Adam  and  Eve, 
Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg; Family  Group, 
Historical  Society, 
New  York. — Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  ix.  301  ; 
Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  hol- 
landaise ;  Immerxeel,  i.  287  ;  Kramm,  ii. 
584  ;  Van  der  Willigeu,  133,  348. 


HEP 


GOMEZ,  JACINTO,  born  at  San  Udefon- 
so  in  174G,  died  in  1812.  Spanish  school. 
History  painter,  pupil  of  Francisco  Bayeu  ; 
chamber  painter  to  Charles  IV.  Works  : 
The  Angelic  Hierarchy  adoring  the  Holy 
Spirit,  Madrid  Museum. 

GOMEZ,  SEBASTIAN,  called  El  Mulato 
dc  Murillo,  born  about  1040  (?),  died  in  Se- 
ville in  1082  (?)  or  1000  (?).  Spanish  school, 
the  mulatto  slave  of  Murillo  ;  learned  his 
art  by  watching  his  master  at  work.  Accord- 
ing to  the  story,  he  ouce  ventured  to  finish 
a  Virgin's  head  which  had  been  sketched 
by  Murillo,  who  thereupon  encouraged  and 
aided  him.  His  pictures,  mostly  religious 
subjects,  are  defective  in  drawing  and  in 
composition,  but  are  much  like  Murillo's 
in  colouring.  Works  :  Holy  Family,  Seville 
Cathedral ;  Conception,  Seville  Museum  ; 
St.  Francis  of  Assisi,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg.—Stirling,  ii.  928  ;  Viardot,  220  ;  Cur- 
tis, 340. 

GONNE,  (CHRISTIAN)  FRIEDRICH, 
born  in  Dresden,  May  30,  1813.  Genre, 
history,  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Dres- 
den and  Antwerp  Academies  ;  lived  then  in 
Berlin,  Munich,  and  Rome,  visited  France, 
England,  and  Sweden,  and  became  professor 
at  the  Dresden  Academy  in  1857.  Honor- 
ary member  of  the  Dresden  Academy  in 
1854,  and  of  Antwerp  Academy  in  1859. 
Works  :  Card-Players  ;  Antiquary  ;  Robber's 
Repentance  ;  Ballad-Singer  ;  Conventional 
Marriage  ;  Kiss  of  Judas  ;  Burning  Mem- 
ories (1809),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Lady 
Macbeth  (1872)  ;  Banquet  in  10th  Century 
(1874)  ;  Portrait  of  King  John  of  Saxony, 
City  Hall,  Leipsic  ;  Clown  in  State  of  De- 
jection, Pennsylvania  Academy,  Philadel- 
phia.—Brockhaus,  viii.  190  ;  Miiller,  212. 

GONZAGA,  FEDERIGO,  Marquis  of 
Mantua,  portrait,  Raphael,  lost  (?).  Begun 
in  1513,  but  left  unfinished.  Represents  a 
young  man  of  great  beauty,  dressed  in  black, 
with  a  white  shirt,  and  a  red  cap  on  his 
head.  Waageu  and  Passavant  think  it  the 
portrait  at  Charlecote  Park,  near  Warwick, 
England,  which  was  formerly  in  collection 


156 


GONZAGA 

of  Charles  I.,  nnd  then  in  possession  of  Mr.  gossa ;    has  acquired    reputation  esj>ecially 

Edward  Gray,  London  ;  but  Campori  is  of  since  the  Philadelphia  Exhibition  of  187(5. 

opinion  that  it  perished  in  the  sack  of  Man-  Medal,  Paris,  3d  class,   18G7.     Works  :  Ca- 

tua  in  1030. — Mflntz,  380  ;  \Viiagen,  Treas-  thedral  de  lo  Seo  in  Saragossa,  Chapels  and 

ures,   ii.  47(5 ;  Passavant,   ii.    !)(! ;  Campori,  Mausoleum    of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  in 

Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (1872),  ii.  357.  Granada  Cathedral,  Chapel  in  Avila  Cathe- 

GON/AGA,  ISABELLA.     See  AW-' (ion-  dral,  Sacristy  in  do.  (187(1);  View  of  Canal 

zaga  ;   //(•//<•  Ferronierre.  Grande,    Interior    of    S.    Marco,    Venice.  - 

GON/ALES,  BARTOLOMH,  born  in  Val-  Miiller.  212. 

ladolid  in    15(14,    died   in   Madrid   in    1(127.        GOOD,  THOMAS  SWORP,  born  at  IW- 

S])anish  school;  pupil  of  Patricio  ('axes  in  \\ick-on-Tweed,    Dec.    4,    17S'.».    died    there. 

Madrid;    employed   by   Philip   III.    at    the  April    15,    1872.      Genre    painter.      Bred    a 

Pardo  in   Ki08,   and   afterwards   in   various  house-painter,   then  studied  Wilkie's  style, 

works   in    Burgos,    Valladolid,    Lenna,    and  and  in  1820  sent  .his  picture,  A  Scotch  Shep- 

the   Escorial  ;   succeeded    Fabricio   Castello  herd,  to   the  Royal   Academy,  where    he  e\- 

as   royal    painter   in    1017.      Painted    many  hibited   for  fourteen  years.      Went   to  Lon- 

portraits  of  tlie  queen  and  the  infantas,  and  don  to  reside  in  1822,  but  in  1833  inherited 

devotional  subjects  for  convents.     Works  :  a  fortune  and   gave   up  painting.      Works  : 

Portraits  of  Queen  Margaret  of  Austria,  and  Scotch  Shepherd   (I820i;  Music,  Two  Old 

of  the  Infanta  Clara  Eugenia,  Madrid  Mu-  Soldiers,  Northumbrian   Piper,  Rummaging 

seiim  ;     Interior   with    Young   Scholar    and  an    Old   Wardrobe;   Practice  (1.823);  Idlers 

Wife,    Family    Group    in   Painter's  Sitting-  ( 182'.»);  The  Truant  ( 183d);  Medicine  (1831); 

Room,  Cassel  Gallery;  Portrait   of   Infanta  Industrious     Mother;     Merrv     Cottagers; 

Margarcta    Francesca,    Germanic    Museum,  Smugglers   Resting;  Fishermen  ( 1832),  No 

Nuremberg. — Stirling,  i.  431  ;  Madrazo.  News,  The  Newspaper,  Study  of  a  Boy,  Na 

GON/ALKS,  JUAN  ANTONIO,   born  at  tional    Gallery,    London.      Redgrave;    Cat. 

Chiclana,     Spain;     contemporary.       Genre  Nat.  Gal. 

painter,  pupil  of  Pils  and  of  Rodriguez.  GOOPALL,  FRKDKRICK,  born  in  Lon- 
Medal,  Paris,  3d  class,  187(5.  Works  :  don,  Sept.  17.  1822. 
Sancho  Pan/a  relating  the  Adventures  of  Genre  painter  in  oil 
Don  Quixote  (18(10);  Gallery  of  Armour—  and  water-colour,  son 
Museum  of  Cluny,  Before  the  Evening  Party  and  pupil  of  Edward 
(1870);  After  the.  Ball  (1872);  Coquetry,  Goodall,  engraver; 
Young  Woman  and  Cat  (1873);  Persuasion  won  silver  medal  of 
(1874);  Music  Lesson,  Grandpapa's  Portrait  Society  of  Arts  for  his 
(1875);  Return  from  Baptism  (187(i);  Wed-  first  oil  picture.  Find- 
ding  Presents  (1877);  At  the  Impresario's  ing  of  Dead  Body  of 
(1870);  Romance  (1880);  Grandparents'  a  Miner  by  Torchlight; 
Visit  (1882). — La  Ilustracion  (1877),  ii.  241  ;  first  work  exhibited 
(1883),  ii.  170.  at  Royal  Academy,  French  Soldiers  playing 

GON/ALKS,     PEDRO    RUIZ,    born    in  Cards  (1830);  elected  an  A. R.  A.  in  1852,' and 

Madrid  in  1033,  died  there  in  1700.     Span-  It. A.   in    18G3.      Has  sketched    in    Ireland, 

ish  school  ;  pupil  of  Escalanto  and  of  (Jar-  France,   Italy,   and  Egypt.     Works  :  Tired 

reno  ;  painted  chiefly  religious  compositions,  Soldier  (1842),  Village  Holiday  (1847),  Na- 

but  also  water-colour  and  crayon  pieces. —  tional  Gallery,  London  ;   Hunt  the  Slipper 

Stirling,  iii.  1028.  (1840);  Woodman's  House  (18/50);  liaising 

GON/ALVO  Y  PEREZ,   PABLO;  con-  the  Maypole  (1851);  Last  Load  (1852);  Cran- 

temporary.     Architecture  painter,  in  Sara-  mer  at  the  Traitor's  Gate  (185(5);  Summer 

15? 


GOODWIN 

Song,   Song  of   the  Nubian   Slave    (18G4);   Museum  ;  Landscape  with  Satyrs,  Lille  Mu- 
Ilising  of  the  Nilo  (18G5) ;  Bedouin  Mother .  seum  ;  Wood  Landscape  with  Figures  and 


;ind  Child  (1872);  Arab  Improvisatore,  Sub- 
siding of  the  Nile  (187:$);  Time  of  Roses, 
Egyptian  Water-Carriers  (1877);  Palm  Sun- 


Herd  (1719),  Schwerin  Gallery. — Immerzeel, 
i.  288  ;  Kramin,  ii.  589. 

GOOSE   GIRL  (Gardeuse  d'Oies),  Jean 


dav,  Daughter  of  Laban  (1878);  Water  for  Francois  Millet,  private  gallery,  New  York, 
the  Camp  (1879);  Road  to  Mecca,  Return  A  little  peasant  girl  watching  a  flock  of 
from  Mecca,  Artist  and  Model,  Rebecca '  geese.  Sold  by  Pillet  in  Paris  (1881),  for 
(1881);  Memphis  (1882);  Cato  at  Cairo,  :!5,000  francs. 

Crossing  the  Desert  (188;!);  Gordon's  Last;  GORDON,  Sir  JOHN  WATSON,  born  iu 
Messenger  (1885).  His  son,  Frederick  Edinburgh  in  1790,  died  there,  June  1, 
Trevelyan  Goodall  (died  April  11,  1871),  18f>4.  Son  of  Captain  Watson,  R.N.,  and 
was  a  painter  of  much  promise. — Art  Jour-  \  nephew  of  George  Watson,  portrait  painter; 
nal  (1850),  21;?;  (1855),  108;  Sandby,  ii.  assumed  name  of  Gordon  in  1820.  Having 
:•?:?!  ;  Cat.  Nat.  Gal.  j  first  tried  historical  painting  with  little  suc- 

GOODWIN,  ALBERT  ;  contemporary,  cess,  he  turned  his  attention  to  portraiture, 
Water-colour  landscape  and  genre  painter,  and  became  the  leading  portrait  painter  in 
Exhibits  at  Royal  Academy  and  Grosvenor  t  Edinburgh,  after  the  death  of  Raeburn. 
Gallery.  Works:  Venice,  from  S.  Giorgio,  Elected  in  1841  an  A.R.A.,  and  in  1851 
Venetian  Butterflies  (1875);  Sixth  Voyage  R.A.;  succeeded,  in  1850,  Sir  William  Allan 
of  Sindbad  the  Sailor,  An  Arabian  Night  as  President  of  the  Scotch  Academy,  being 
(1879);  Low  Tide  in  the  Harbour  (1880);  A  appointed  at  same  time  limner  to  the  Queen 
Summer  Sea,  St.  Michael's  Mount — Corn-  in  Scotland,  and  knighted.  Works  :  Sir 
wall  (1881);  Voyage  of  Sindbad  the  Sailor,  David  Brewster,  National  Gallon-,  London  ; 
Fisherman  and  Genius  (1882);  Enchanted  Marquis  of  Dalhousie,  De  Quincey,  Profes- 
Lake,  Scene  from  Tempest  (188:?);  Pass-  sor  J.  Wilson,  National  Portrait  Gallery,  ib. ; 
ing,  Unveiling  of  the  Enchanted  Palace  Lord  Murray,  Lord  Cockburn,  Sir  Walter 
(1884).  I  Scott,  Grandfather's  Lesson,  six  other  male 

GOOL,  JAN  VAN,  born  at  The  Hague  in  portraits,  National  Gallery,  Edinburgh  ;  Earl 
1(!90  or  1091,  died  there  in  1705.  Dutch  of  Hopetoun,  Earl  of  Dalhousie,  Archers' 
school  ;  landscape  and  animal  painter,  pupil  Hall,  ib.;  Sir  James  Hall,  Royal  Society,  ib. 
of  Mattheus  Terwesten  and  of  Simon  van  der  — Redgrave;  F.  de  Conches,  41C  ;  Sandby, 
Does.  Imitated  Paul  Potter.  Ho  published  i.  287. 

"De  nieuwe  Schonburg  der  Nederlantsche  GORGASUS,  painter  and  modeller  in 
Kunst-schilders,"  biographies  of  the  artists  clay.  Decorated,  in  company  with  Ihmo- 
of  the  Netherlands,  which  work  may  be  i>hiluf,  the  Temple  of  Ceres,  Liber,  and 
considered  as  a  continuation  of  that  by  Ar-  Libera,  at  Rome  (dedicated  494  B.C.). — Pliny, 
nold  Houbraken.  Twice  visited  England,  xxxv.  45  [154]  ;  Brunn,  i.  5:?0;  ii.  57. 

GOSSART  (Gossaert),  JAN.  See  Mabuse. 
GOSSE,  NICOLAS  LOUIS  FRANgOIS, 
born  in  Paris,  Oct.  2,  1787,  died  at  Soncourt 
(Haute-Marne),  Feb.  9,  1878.  History  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Vincent ;  painted 
in  a  hall  of  the  Louvre  scenes  from  Greek 
His  works  show  the  decadence  of  the  and  Roman  mythology.  Medals :  3d  class, 
Dutch  school  in  colouring,  effect,  and  style.  1819;  2d  class,  1824  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1828  ; 
Works  :  Landscape  with  Cattle,  Amsterdam  Officer,  1870.  Works  :  Crossing  the  Styx 
Museum  ;  Girl  milking  a  Cow,  Rotterdam  (1819);  Adoration  of  the  Magi  (1827)  ;  The 

158 


GOSSELIN 

Wounded  of  the  July  Revolution  (18:5:5)  ;  he  executed  several  decorative  fresco  paint- 
St.  Vincent  dc  Puul  (1824),  formerly  in  ings  for  English  lords,  us  well  as  portraits. 
Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Death  of  St.  Yin-  In  1<S6:!-G5  lie  was  in  Lucerne.  Works  : 
cent  Ferrer  (1845),  Yannes  Cathedral  ;  Bisli-  Jurisprudence,  Medicine,  Philosophy  (18:52), 
op  of  Lisieux  protecting  Protestants  on  St.  IJonn  I'niversity  (cai-toons  iu  Carlsruhe  Gal- 
Bartholomew's  Night  (18155),  Lisieux  Muse-  lery)  ;  Cycle  in  fresco,  Chapel  at  Niersh  in, 
inn  ;  Napoleon  receiving  Queen  of  Prussia  Hesse  ;  Scries  with  Fairy-Tales  from  Black 
at  Tilsit,  Meeting  between  Napoleon  and  Forest  (1844),  Trinkhalle,  Baden-Baden; 
Alexander  at  Erfurt,  Arrival  of  Charles  X.  Decorative  Cycle  in  fresco,  Bridgcwatcr 
at  Notre-Dame,  Louis  Philii>pe  refusing  House,  England. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  515; 
Crown  of  Belgium  ottered  to  Due  de  Nc-  Forster,  v.  11  :  Knnst-Chronik,  ii.  7. 
niours,  Portrait  of  Marshal  Conttides,  Yer-  <lori!.Vt"  ((iouliou,  Goebouw),  AN- 
sailles  Museum.  —  Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie,  TOINF,  horn  at  Antwerp,  May  '21,  1G1G, 
i.  070;  Yapereau  (18KO),  8I54.  died  there.  March  11,  K11I8.  Flemish  school; 
GOSSELIN,  CHARLES,  born  in  Paris,  landscape  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  .Ian 
Jan.  2(1,  18:54.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  de  Facius  (FuriusV);  master  of  the  guild  in 
Gleyrc  and  Bnsson.  A  distinguished  painter  l(i:i(i,  then  spent,  several  years  in  Italy, 
of  tlie  realistic  school.  Medals  :  18(15.  1S70;  Works:  Study  of  Arts  in  liome  ( 1GG2),  Pi- 
2d  class,  1874  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1878.  Works:  a/./.a  Navona,  ib.  (l(!8(l|,  .Museum,  Antwerp; 
Woods  in  Autumn  (18G3);  Autumn  Evening  Last  Supper,  St.  .lames',  ib. :  Italian  Market 
(18154);  Road  (18(15)  ;  Environs  of  Bougival  (1G51),  Baron  de  1'ret,  ib.  ;  do.,  Lille  Muse- 
(18GG);  In  the  Woods  (1807);  Drinking-  urn;  Landscape,  Hague  Museum;  Landscape 
Place,  Twilight  in  Woods  (18(18);  Hollow  with  Roman  Ruins,  Brunswick  Museum; 
Road,  Environs  of  Foncine-le-Bas  (18(1!))  ;  Adoration  of  the  Magi  (1(170),  Amalienstift, 
Road  in  the  Woods  (1870);  Summer  Even-  Dessau  ;  do.,  and  Soldiers  at  Cards.  Selnvcnn 
ing  (1872);  Environs  of  Crotoy,  Farm  of  Gallery;  Rocky  Landscape  with  Ruins  ami 
Hedouville  (187:5);  Woodsmen  (1874) ;  Low  Figures,  Augsburg  Gallery:  Vestal  in  a 
Tide,  Borders  of  the  Woods  (187.))  ;  Pasture  Landscape,  Old  Man  playing  Guitar,  t'tli/.i, 
on  the  Downs  (187(i)  ;  Forest  of  Isle  Adam  Florence. — Cat.  du  Musc'e  d'Anvers  (1S74), 
(1877)  ;  Mouth  of  the  Somme  (1878)  ;  De-  1'JO  ;  Kramm,  ii.  571);  Messager  des  sciences 
ceniber  Landscape  (187'.»)  ;  Ford  of  St.  historiqucs  (18(18),  IMG  ;  Riegel,  ii.  ll'.l; 
Martin  1'Egliso  (1880);  Moor  of  Yarenge-  Rooses  (Rebcr),  1)5,  408  ;  Van  den  Branden, 
ville  (1881)  ;  Horses  in  a  Meadow  (1882)  ;  1010;  /citschr.  f.  b.  K.,  xiv.  :544. 
Castle  of  Annies  (188:5)  ;  Between  Dieppe  GOL'BAU,  FIJANS,  born  at  Antwer].,  Sept. 
and  Tourville  (1884).  27,  1(122,  died  there,  Oct.  20,  1(178.  Flemish 
GOTTLAND,  PETER.  See  R<>il<l,'l*lt:<ll.  school;  history  and  portrait  painter,  prob- 
GOTZENBERGER,  JAKOB,  born  at  ably  pupil  of  Geeraard  Zegers ;  master  of 
Heidelberg  in  1800,  died  in  Darmstadt,  Oct.  the  guild  in  1(141).  Works:  Adoration  of 
(J,  18GG.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Corne-  the  Holy  Sacrament  (1G50),  Museum,  Ant- 
lius  from  1820  in  Ddsseldorf,  and  from  1824  werp  ;  The  Dead  Christ  (1G55),  Portrait  of 
in  Munich  ;  went  in  1828  to  Rome,  and  in  Pastor  Frans  van  den  Bosschc  ( 1G57),  St. 
1832,  with  Forster  and  Hermann,  painted  the  James',  ib. — Cat.  du  Musee  d'Anvers  (1874), 
frescos  representing  the  Faculties,  in  the  11)0;  Van  den  Branden,  931. 
aula  of  the  university  of  Bonn.  Was  made  GOUBIE,  JEAN  RICHARD,  born  in 
court-painter  and  director  of  the  Mannheim  Paris,  Jan.  12,  1842.  Genre  and  animal 
Gallery,  visited  Paris  and  London  with  Cor-  painter,  pupil  of  Gerome.  His  animals  are 
nelius,  and  being  dismissed  for  some  misde-  well  drawn,  but  rather  carelessly  painted, 
meauour,  went  in  1847  to  England,  where  Stylo  spirited  and  subjects  interesting. 

159 


GOULD 


Medal,  3d  class,  1874.  Works  :  "So  Fond 
of  those  Animals,"  An  Academy  in  the  18th 
Century  (1874)  ;  Return  from  Hunting  Sea- 
Birds  (1875)  ;  Wedding  Journey  (187G)  ; 
Flight  across  the  River,  Horse  and  Donkey 
(1877) ;  Buying  Marcs,  Amorous  Lion,  Edu- 
cation of  Fillette,  Theft  of  the  Crow  (1878)  ; 
Lunch  in  the  Ruins  of  Hunaudaye  (1879)  ; 
Chasseurs  walking  their  Horses,  Morning 
Meeting  (1880)  ;  The  Ladies'  Carriage,  Vis- 
iting the  Mothers  (1881)  ;  Sunday  After- 
noon in  the  Zoological  Garden  in  Paris, 
Catching  a  Crab  (1882);  On  the  Way  to  the 
Fair  (1883);  Chamaut's  Equipage  at  Belcroix 
(1884)  ;  A  Bowl  of  Milk,  Spring  (1885). 

GOULD,  W ALTER,  born  in  Philadelphia 
in  1829.  Portrait  and  subject  painter,  pu- 
pil of  J.  R.  Smith  in  Philadelphia,  and  a 
student  in  Paris.  Has  lived  and  painted  in 
Florence,  Italy,  since  1849,  making  sketch- 
ing tours  in  the  East.  Works  :  Portrait  of 
Kossuth,  Governor  of  Hungary  (1851, 
painted  in  Asia  Minor)  ;  Grand  Vizier,  Res- 
chid  Pasha,  Sir  Stratford  Canning  (painted 
in  Constantinople) ;  An  Eastern  Story  Teller, 
Matthew  Baird,  Philadelphia. 

GOUP1L,  JULES  ADOLPHE,  born  in 
Paris,  May  7,  1839,  died  at  Neuilly,  April 
30,  1883.  Genre  and  portrait  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Ary  Schert'er.  His  genre  pieces  are 
carefully  drawn  and  bright  in  colour,  but  of 
no  great  depth.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1873, 
1874  ;  1st  class,  1875  ;  2d  class,  1878  ;  L. 
of  Honour,  1881.  Works  :  Trying  on  the 
Dress  (18G4)  ;  Calling  on  a  Young  Mother 
(18G5)  ;  Charity  (18GG)  ;  News,  For  the 
Poor  (18G7)  ;  Sister's  Festival  (18G9);  News 
in  the  Provinces  (1872)  ;  Young  Citizen  of 
the  Year  V.  (1873)  ;  The  Betrothal  (1874)  ; 
In  1795,  Interior  of  a  Studio  (1875)  ;  Visit 
of  Condolence  (1877);  A  Village  Woman, 

Not  at  the 
Place  of 
Meeting 
(1878)  ;  The 
Agreeable 
Friend,  Rest  (1879) ;  Mine.  Roland's  Last 
Day  in  Prison  (1880),  Luxembourg  Muse- 


um  ;  A  Dining-Room  (with  David  de  Noter), 
New  York  Museum. 

GOURLIER,  PAUL  DOMINIQUE,  born 
in  Paris,  June  13,  1813,  died  there,  March 
7,  18G9.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  and  imi- 
tator of  Corot.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1841  ; 
honourable  mention,  1855.  Works  :  Cima- 
buc  and  Giotto,  Island  of  Capri  (1841);  In- 
fancy of  Bacchus  (1844),  Chartres  Museum  ; 
Baptism  of  Christ  (184G);  Autumn  Evening, 
Seine  at  Meudon,  Grottos  of  Cervara  (1848); 
Sunset  (1850),  Rodez  Museum  ;  Street  in 
Rome  (1852) ;  Village  of  Saint  Georges 
(1853);  Springtime,  Autumn  (1855);  Au- 
tumn Day  (1857),  Nancy  Museum  ;  Banks 
of  the  Seine  (18G3);  Banks  of  the  Tiber 
(18G7);  Baptism  of  Christ  (18G8). 

GOVAERTS  (Goyvaerts),  ABRAHAM, 
bom  at  Antwerp,  baptized  Aug.  30,  1589, 
died  there,  Sept.  13,  1G2G.  Flemish  school; 
landscape  painter  in  the  manner  of  Jan 
Brueghel,  and  possibly  his  pupil  ;  master 
of  the  guild  in  1G07,  its  dean  in  1G23. 
Works  :  Oak  Wood  (1G12),  Hague  Museum  ; 
Allegory  of  Autumn  (attrib.  to  Jan  Brueghel), 
Brussels  Museum  ;  Repose  of  Diana  (1G14), 
Bordeaux  Museum  ;  Landscape  with  Abra- 
ham's Sacrifice  (1G15),  Brera,  Milan  ;  The 
Four  Elements  (1G24),  Brunswick  Museum; 
Wood  Landscape  with  Huntsmen,  Gottiugeu 
University;  do.  Schweriu  Gallery  ;  Two 
Landscapes,  Augsburg  Gallery. — Gaz.  des 
B.  Arts  (18G8),  i.  119  ;  Michiels,  v.  374  ;  Rie- 
gel,  Beitriigc,  ii.  95  ;  Van  den  Branden,  4G1  ; 
Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  xvi.  59  ;  xx.  217. 

GOW,  ANDREW  C.,  born  in  London  in 
1848.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  of  his  father  and 
student  at  Heatherly's 
School  of  Art.  First 
exhibited  picture  at 
Royal  Academy,  A  Sus- 
picious Guest  (1870). 
Member  of  Institute  of 
Painters  in  Water  Col- 
ours in  1868  ;  elected 
an  A.RA.  in  1881. 
Relief  of  Leydeu  (187G);  Tumult 


Works : 


GOYA 


in  House  of  Commons  (1877);  War  Dispatch 
at  Hotel  <le  Ville,  News  from  the  Front 
(1878);  No  Surrender,  Music.il  Story  by 
Chopin  (1879);  Last  Days  of  Edward  VI. 
(1880);  Montrose  atKilsyth  (1881);  Jacobite 
Proclamation  (1882);  Consuelo,  Trophies  of 
Victory  (1883).— Art  Journal  (1881),  ',).">. 

GOYA  Y  LUCIENTES,  FRANCISCO 
JOSfi  DE,  born  at 
Fuendetodos,  Ara- 
gon,  March  30, 
1746,  died  at  Bor- 
deaux,  April  15, 
1828.  S  p  a  n  i  s  li 
school  ;  history, 
genre,  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  for 
five  years  of  Lujan 
Martinez  at  Sara- 
gossa  ;  spent  several  years  in  Rome,  paint- 
ing little,  but  making  a  careful  study  of  the 
great  pictures  there.  In  1772  he  took  the 
second  prize  at  the  Academy  of  Parma,  and 
three  years  later  returned  to  Madrid  and 
painted  many  genre  pictures  which  soon 
made  him  popular.  In  17SO  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Academy  of  San  Fernando, 
in  1705  director  of  the  same,  and  painter  in 
ordinary  to  Charles  IV.,  an  honour  continued 
under  Ferdinand  VII.  Goya  painted  also 
religious  compositions  and  portraits,  but  he 
is  best  known  as  a  satirist  and  caricaturist, 
of  very  remarkable,  though  eccentric,  genius, 
as  his  many  etchings  and  sketches  abundant- 
ly show.  He  has  been  called  the  Hogarth 
of  Spain.  Works  :  Equestrian  Portrait  of 
Charles  IV.,  do.  of  Queen  Maria  Luisa, 
Charles  IV.  on  foot,  Queen  Maria  Luisa  do., 
Charles  IV.  and  his  Family,  Episode  in 
French  Invasion  of  1808,  Scenes  of  May  3, 
1808,  thirteen  others,  Madrid  Museum  ; 
Equestrian  Portrait  of  Ferdinand  VII,  do. 
of  Prince  of  the  Peace  (Godoy),  Madhouse, 
Bull-Fight,  Gallant  Dressed,  Gallant  Nude, 
and  others,  Academia  San  Fernando  ;  Cruci- 
fixion, Museo  de  Fomento  ;  St.  Francis 
Preaching,  S.  Francisco  el  Grande,  Madrid  ; 
Treason  of  Judas,  Toledo  Cathedral ;  Sta 


\ 


Just  inn  and  Rufina,  Seville  Cathedral  ;  St. 
Francis  de  Borja's  Farewell  to  his  Family, 
Valencia  Cathedral  ;  Portraits  (2),  Valencia 
Museum  ;  do.  (2),  Louvre  ;  Frescos  in  Er- 
inita  de  San  Antonio  de  Florida,  Madrid, 
and  Madonna  del  Pilar,  Saragossa. — Stir- 
ling, iii.  1200  ;  Viardot,  305;  Cli.  Blanc, 
Kcole  espagnole  ;  Gax.  des  13.  Arts  (1807), 
xxii.  108;  (180S),  xxiv.  100,  3S:>  ;  (1875), 
xii.  500  ;  (1S70),  xiii.  330  ;  (1871!),  xiv.  500  ; 
La  Ilustracion  ( 1882),  i.  371  ;  Madra/o,  404  ; 
Portfolio  (1870),  38,  07,  00;  L'Art  ( 1S77), 
ix.  25  ;  /eitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  x.  103  ;  x\.  25 1. 

GOYEN.  JAN  VAN,  born  at  Leyden,  Jan. 
13,  1500,  died 
at  The  Hague 
in  1050.  Dutch  - 
school  ;  became 
pupil  of  Esaias 
van  de  Yclde  in 
Haarlem  about 
1010,  after  hav- 
ing studied 
under  various 
art  ist s  of  no 
great  repute,  and 

France.  In  1018  settled  in  Leyden  and 
married  ;  in  1031  removed  to  The  Hague, 
where  in  1040  he  was  president  of  the  guild. 
The  date  1057,  on  a  picture  which  he  left 
unfinished  at  the  time  of  his  death,  was 
added  by  his  son-in-law,  Jan  Steen,  who 
painted  in  the  figures.  Works  :  ^  iew  of 
Nymwegen,  Grosvenor  Gallery,  London  ; 
River  Views  (2),  Marine,  Winter  Scene,  two 
others,  Fitzwilliam  Museum,  Cambridge  ; 
River  Scene  (1044),  Marine  View,  Canal  in 
Holland  (1047),  River  in  Holland  (165:3), 
Banks  of  Canal  (1656),  Louvre,  Paris  ;  Land- 
scapes (8),  Rothan  Collection,  ib.  ;  River 
Scene,  Lille  Museum  ;  View  of  Dordrecht 
(1044),  Brussels  Museum;  River  Scene 
(1645),  The  Valkeuhof  at  Nymwegen,  View 
on  the  Mouse,  Amsterdam  Museum  ;  River 
in  Holland,  Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Halt  of 
Travellers  (Sal.  Ruisdael  ?),  Darmstadt  Mu- 
seum ;  Landscapes  (4),  Cassel  Gallery  ;  do. 
(7),  Augsburg  Gallery  ;  do.  (3,  1621),  1640, 


made 
settled 


tour    through 


161 


GOYET 


1043),  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich;  do.  (3, 
1033,  1C43),  Dresden  Gallery  ;  View  on 
Canal  (1053),  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Village 
Scene  (1023),  Pasture  (1035),  Brunswick 
Museum  ;  Flat  Country  with  Halt  of  Trav- 
ellers (1028),  do.  with  Peasants  Conversing 
(1031),  View  of  Nymwegeu  (1042),  FortLillo 
on  the  Scheldt  (1043),  Gotha  Museum  ; 
Canal  with  Boats,  Stiidel  Gallery,  Frankfort  ; 
do.  (2),  Musee  Bath,  Geneva  ;  Landscape 
(1045),  Amalienstift,  Dessau  ;  View  of  Forti- 
fied Town,  Marine  (?),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ; 
Winter  (1021),  Summer,  View  in  the  Downs 
(102!)),  View  of  Arnheim  (1040),  do.  of  Nym- 
wegen  (1049),  Winter  Landscape  (1050), 
River-Bank,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Flat  Country, 
Museum,  Vienna  ;  Marine  View,  Academy, 
ib.  ;  Dutch  City  (1045),  Copenhagen  Gallery  ; 
Village  on  Canal,  View  of  Vliessiugen  (1043), 
Downs  near  Scheveningen,  Landscape  with 
Skaters  (1045),  View  of  the  Meuse  (1045), 
Canals  with  Buildings  (2),  Hermitage,  St. 
Petersburg;  Moordykc,  Metropolitan  Mu- 
seum, New  York  ;  Castle  and  Seaport,  His- 
torical Society,  ib.  ;  Moonlight,  Bivcr  Scene, 


Pennsylvania  Academy,  Philadelphia.  —  All- 
gem.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  522  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole 
hollaudaise  ;  Dohme,  lii.  ;  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts 
(1875),  xii.  138,  298  ;  (1878),  xvii.  134  ;  Im- 
rncrzeel,  i.  2S)0  ;  Kramm,  ii.  590  ;  Kunst- 
Chronik,  xix.  28,  002  ;  Eiegel,  Beitri'ige,  ii. 
352  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K,  ix.  12. 

GOYET,  EUGfcNE,  born  at  Chulon-sur- 
SaAne,  Feb.  7,  1798,  died  in  Paris,  May  17, 
1857.  History  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Gros.  Son  of  Jean  Baptiste  Goyet,  genre 
painter  (1779-1854).  Medals:  2d  class, 
1831  ;  1st  class,  1839.  Works  :  Cimabue 
or  the  Renaissance  of  Painting  (1831)  ; 
Chancellor  Voysin  and  Louis  XIV.  (1833); 
Christ  (1839),  Chulon  Museum  ;  Foulques 
de  Villaret  (1841),  Versailles  Museum  ;  St. 


;  Luke  healing  a  Sick  Child  (1841),  St.  Luke's, 
Paris  ;  Four  Evangelists  (1842),  Church 
\  of  St.  Mtklard,  ib. ;  Simon  the  Just, 
St.  Cecilia  (1842);  St.  Germain,  Bishop  of 
Auxerre  (1843),  Montpellier  Cathedral ;  Ap- 
parition of  Christ  to  St.  James  (1844);  Jesus 
in  the  Garden  of  Olives  (1845);  Portrait  of 
Pius  IX.  (1848);  Massacre  of  the  Innocents 
(unfinished,  1857),  Montpellier  Museum. — 
Bellier  dc  la  Chavignerie,  i.  084. 

GOZZOLI,  BENOZZO,  born  in  Florence 
in  1424,  died 
there  in  1498. 
Florentine 
school.  Real 
name  Benozzo  di 
Lese  di  Sandro; 
pupil  of  Fra  An- 
gelico,  whom  he 
followed  to 
Home,  and  his 
'  assistant  at  Or- 
vieto  in  1447.  He  parted  from  him  in 
1449,  and  established  himself  at  Montcfalco, 
near  Foligno,  where  he  remained  until  1450 
and  executed  many  important  works  in  the 
manner  of  his  master,  though  they  are  far 
from  approaching  him  in  spiritual  power. 
Those  in  S.  Fortunate  consist  of  a  Madonna 
with  Saints  and  Angels,  an  Apotheosis  of 
the  titular  Saint,  an  Annunciation,  and  St. 
Thomas  receiving  the  Girdle,  now  in  the 
Museum  of  St.  John  Lateran,  Rome.  In  S. 
Francesco,  Benozzo  filled  the  choir  with  a 
triple  course  of  episodes  from  the  life  of  St. 
Francis,  and  painted  a  Madonna  and  Saints 
and  other  frescos  in  the  Chapel  of  St.  Jerome 
in  the  same  church.  In  1450,  after  paint- 
ing in  Perugia  the  Madonna  and  Saints, 
now  in  the  Academy,  Benozzo  returned  to 
Florence,  and  was  employed  by  Piero  de' 
Medici  to  paint  a  series  of  frescos  represent- 
ing the  Journey  of  the  Magi  to  Bethlehem, 
in  the  Chapel  of  the  Palazzo  Riccardi.  In 
these,  like  the  realists,  he  made  Scripture 
incidents  a  vehicle  for  the  treatment  of  rich 
costume,  animal  life,  and  landscape.  In 
'  1403-07  he  painted  in  S.  Agostino,  San 


162 


GRAAT 


Gimignano,  a  series  of  scenes  from  the  life 
of  St.  Augustine,  and  other  subjects  in  the 
Pieve.  Between  1400  and  14H5  he  painted, 
in  the  Campo  Santo,  Pisa,  a  series  of  frescos 
representing  24  subjects  from  the  Old  Tes- 
tament, the  most  pleasing  of  which  is  \HU/I 
and  his  Family,  which  contains  the  charm- 
ing episode  of  the  vintage  and  a  rich  archi- 
tectural and  landscape  background.  Among 
his  extant  easel  pictures  are  the  Triumph  of 
St.  Thomas  Aquinas,  Louvre  ;  Conception, 
Pisa  Academy  ;  Miracles  of  St.  Hyacinth, 
Vatican,  Rome  ;  Madonna  with  Saints,  Vi- 
enna Museum  ;  Miracles  of  S.  Jacinto,  Vati- 
can ;  3Fadoinia  with  Saints,  Rape  of  Jfflr/i, 
National  Gallery,  **. 
London;  History  of  [I  \  f  t\ 
Lueretia,  National  (/  I  {-*  £/ 
Gallery,  Dublin.—  -^  L/ 
C.  A:  C.,  Italy,  ii.  /)  /^ 
408  ;  Vasari.  ed  Le  l\  /T 
MOD.,  iv.  184;  Bal-  U  \J  Q 
dinucci,  i.  41)0  ;  Ch. 
Blanc,  Ecole  florentine  ;  Burckhardt,  5.'i8; 
L'Art  (1881),  xxvii.  125  ;  Liibke,  Gesch. 
d.  ital.  Mai.,  i.  318;  Gautier,  Guide  au 
Louvre,  01. 

GRAAT,  BAREND,  born  in  Amsterdam 
in  1028,  died  there  in  1700.  Dutch  school ; 
landscape,  genre,  and  history  painter,  pupil 
of  his  uncle,  an  animal  and  landscape 
painter ;  studied  much  from  nature,  and 
took  Pieter  van  Laar  for  his  model.  He 
established  a  school  of  design  at  his  house, 
where  the  best  artists  of  his  time  congre- 
gated to  draw  from  life.  Works  :  Home 
Scene,  Buckingham  Palace,  London  ;  Hunt, 
Coursing  (both  with  Reinier  de  Vries),  New 
York  Museum. — Immerzcel,  i.  200  ;  Kramm, 
ii.  598. 

GRAAUW,  HENDRIK,  born  at  Hoorn, 
North  Holland,  in  1027,  died  at  Alkmaar  in 
1682.  Dutch  school ;  history  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Pieter  de  Grebber  and  of 
the  architect  Jacob  van  Campen;  was  then 
employed  by  Prince  Maurice  of  Nassau  to 
paint  frescos  in  the  cupola  of  the  Palace  in 
the  Wood,  which  established  his  reputation; 


went  in  1048  to  Rome,  where  he  was  inti- 
mate with  Poussin  ;  returned  after  three 
years,  and  lived  successively  at  Amsterdam 
and  Utrecht  until  1072,  when  he  removed  to 
Hoorn.  For  the  family  of  Bronckhorst  he 
painted  a  series  of  historical  and  fabulous 
subjects,  which  were  much  admired. — Im- 
incTzeel,  i.  2'.>1. 

G RACKS,  THIiKE,  /',,/nw  Vecchio,  Dress- 
den  Gallery;  wood,  H.  15  ft.  1  in.  :•'  4  ft.  4  in. 
Three  young  women,  half-length,  grouped 
in  a  landscape.  Sometimes  called  I'ahua's 
daughters,  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  they 
were  painted  from  three  models  or  from 
one.  In  1525  in  collection  of  Taddeo  Con- 
tarini,  then  in  Giustiniani  and  Cornari 
families  ;  bought  from  the  Procurate&sn 
Coniaro  della  Casa  Grande  for  000  ducats. 
— C.  A.  C.,  X.  Italy,  ii.  -ISO;  Bottari,  Rao- 
colta,  vii.  .'i74. 

Bv  ItdfilifU'l,  Due  d'Aumale,  Cliantilly  ; 
wood,  II.  OJ  in.  •:  4J  in.  Threo  Graces, 
nude,  grouped  in  the  classical  form,  each 
holding  one  of  the  apples  of  the  Hcsperides. 


Three  Graces,  Raphael,  Due  H'Aumale,  ChanMly. 

Probably  suggested  by  the  antique  marble 
group  in  the  Opera  del  Diionict,  Siena. 
Painted  in  Perugia  in  1504-5?  Passed  from 
the  Borghese  Collection  to  M.  Reboul. 


ira 


GRACIIT 


then  through  the  hands  of  the  Woodburns 
to  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence  ;  thence  to  Lord 
Ward,  afterwards  Earl  Dudley  ;  sold  (1885) 
to  Due  d'Aumale  for  €25,000.  Sketch  of 
two  Graces  in  Venice  Academy.  Engraved 
by  F.  Foster  ;  J.  K.  Sherwiu. — C.  &  C., 
Raphael,  i.  207;  Gruyer,  Raphael  ct  1'Anti- 
quitr,  i.  22!)  ;  Miintz,  !)0,  220;  Passavant,  ii. 
50;  Perkins,  03  ;  Liibke,  Raphael,  19,  135. 

GRACHT,  JACOB  VAN  DER,  born  at 
The  Hague  in  15!):?,  died  in  1(547.  Flemish 
school ;  pupil  of  Raphael  van  Coxcyen. 
Principally  known  through  a  meritorious 
work  on  anatomy  for  artists,  published  at 
The  Hague  in  1(534,  but  must  also  have  been 
a  good  painter,  to  judge  from  an  excellent 
portrait  by  him  in  the  Weimar  Museum. 
Spent  most  of  his  life  in  Italy. — Kramm,  ii. 
51)8. 

GRAEB,  KARL  (GEORG  ANTON),  born 
in  Berlin,  March  18,  181(5,  died  there,  April 
8,  1884.  Architecture  and  landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Gerst  and  of  Berlin  Academy  ; 
visited  Switzerland,  Southern  France,  and 
Paris,  and  in  1843  Italy  and  Sicily.  Was 
made  court-painter  in  1851,  professor  in 
1855,  and  member  of  the  Berlin  Academy 
in  18(50.  Great  gold  medal  in  1854  ;  mem- 
ber of  Amsterdam  and  Vienna  Academies. 
Works  :  View  of  Palermo  (1848)  ;  Cross- 
Way  in  Ratisbon  Cathedral  (1850);  Interior 
of  Halberstadt  Cathedral  (1854),  Italian 
Landscape  (1855),  Cross-Way  in  a  Monas- 
tery, Fontana  Medina  in  Naples,  Ravene 
Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Strand  of  Amalri,  Mauso- 
leum of  Charlottenburg  (1855);  City,  Castle, 
anil  Park  of  Muskau,  Stolzenfels  ;  Graves  of 
Mansfeld  Family  in  Eisleben  (18(10),  View 
in  Halberstadt  Cathedral  (1800),  Thurin- 
gian  Mill,  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Old 
City  Hall  in  Berlin  (1807)";  Choir  of  St. 
George's  in  Tiibingen  (1809)  ;  Interior  of 
Synagogue  in  Prague  ;  two  views  of  ancient 
Athens  and  of  Olympia,  Berlin  Museum. — 
Allgem.  Kunst-Chronik,  ix.  114  ;  Brock- 
haus,  viii.  254  ;  Rosenberg,  Berliner  Maler- 
schule,  348  ;  Kuust-Chrouik,  xix.  445,  402  ; 
xx.  181. 


GRAEB,  PAUL,  bom  in  Berlin  in  1842. 
Architecture  painter,  sou  and  pupil  of  Karl 
Graeb  ;  travelled  in  Germany,  Switzerland, 
and  North  Italy.  W'orks  :  Vestibule  of  St. 
George's,  Tiibingen  (1809),  Raczynski  Gal- 
lery, Berlin  ;  S.  Fosctv  at  Torcello  near  Ven- 
ice.— Muller,  215. 

GRAEF,  GUSTAV,  born  at  Konigsberg, 
Dec.  14, 1821.  History  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under  Th. 
Hildebrandt  and  W.  Schadow  ;  was  in  Italy 
in  1840-50,  acquired  a  simpler  and  grander 
style,  and  settled  in  Berlin  in  1852  ;  visited 
Munich  and  Paris  in  1853,  Vienna  and  North 
Italy  in  1872,  London  and  Scotland  in  1873, 
and  Italy  in  1874-75.  Since  1802  has  de- 
voted himself  more  especially  to  portrait 
painting.  Member  of  and  professor  at  Ber- 
lin Academy.  Works :  The  Niebelungeu 
Lay  (184(5)  ;  Jephthah  and  his  Daughter  ; 
Charlemagne  and  Wittekind  ;  four  scenes 
from  Myth  of  Hercules  and  Theseus  ;  De- 
parture of  Prussian  Landwehr  (1800)  ; 
Voluntary  gifts  in  1813  (1801),  National 
Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Farewell  of  Lithuanian 
Landwehrman,  Solon,  Phidias  and  Demos- 
thenes (1808-70),  Ki'migsberg  University. — 
Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1880),  ii.  345  ;  Miiller,  215  ; 
Rosenberg,  Berliner  Malerschule,  137  ;  Lcix- 
uer,  Mod.  K.,  i.  23  ;  ii.  44  ;  D.  Rundschau, 
ix.  470  ;  Zeitsch.,  xv.  47. 

GRAFF,  ANTON,  born  at  Wiutertlmr, 
Switzerland,  Dec.  20, 
1730,  died  in  Dres- 
den, June  22,  1813. 
German  school ;  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  of 
Johann  Ulrich  Schel- 
lenberg  ;  went  about 
1750  to  Augsburg, 
whence,  being  ham- 
pered by  the  guild  in 

the  free  exercise  of  his  art,  he  proceeded 
to  Ansbach,  where  he  aided  the  court- 
painter  Schneider  in  his  portraits  of  fam- 
ous personages,  and  studied  industriously 
after  Itigaud  and  Kupeczky.  In  1759  he 
returned  to  Augsburg,  and  soon  acquired 


104 


GRAFLE 


great  reputation ;  in  1700  was  railed  to 
Dresden  as  court-painter  and  professor  at 
the  Academy.  There  he  developed  an  ex- 
traordinary activity,  painted  temporarily 
also  in  Berlin  and  Leip.sie,  besides  making 
excursions  into  Southern  Germany  and 
Switzerland.  According  to  his  own  state- 
ment, he  painted,  in  1700-71!,  1143  portraits 
and  family  groups,  besides  copying  old  mas- 
ters for  the  Russian  court  and  for  his  own 
improvement.  "\Vorks  :  Portrait  of  Frederic 
Augustus  of  Saxony,  do.  ()i)  of  himself,  of 
(iellert,  and  six  others,  Dresden  Gallery; 
do.  of  the  Actor  KckhoiV  (1771),  Gotha  Mu- 
seum ;  do.  of  the  Painter  /ingg,  Saint  Gall 
Museum  ;  seven  portraits,  Leipsic  Museum  ; 
six  do.,  Weimar  Museum  ;  two  do.,  /iirich 
Gallery  ;  two  do.,  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ; 
two  do.,  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Prince 
Friedrich  Albrccht  of  Anhalt,  Brunswick 
Museum  ;  portraits  of  himself  in  Old  Pina- 
kothek,  Munich,  and  Christiania  Museum  ; 
do.  of  Lessing,  Herder,  Schiller,  Moses 
Mendelssohn,  Weisse,  Rainier,  Sul/.er  (Berne 
Museum),  Hagedorn,  Tiedge,  Gluck,  C'hodo- 
wiecky,  King  Frederic  William  II.  His 
son,  Karl  Anton  (born  in  Dresden,  March 
10,  1774,  died  there,  March  1),  18:52),  was  an 
able  landscape  painter,  pupil  of  /ingg  in 
Dresden. — Allgem.d.  Biogr.,i.x.  505  ;  Brock  - 
haus,  viii.  20!)  ;  Muther,  Ant.  Graff,  sein 
Leben,  etc.  (Leipsic,  1881). 

GRAFLE,  ALBERT,  born  at  Freiburg, 
Baden,  May  2,  1801).  History  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy  under 
Cornelius  and  Sehnorr  ;  and  in  Paris  in  1840 
under  Wiuterhaltcr  ;  returned  to  Munich, 
went  in  1848  to  Alsace,  where  he  painted 
portraits,  then  to  England,  again  to  Paris, 
and  settled  in  Munich  in  1852.  Medal, 
Paris,  3d  class,  1840.  Works  :  Madonna, 
Triumphal  Procession  of  Arminius,  Carls- 
ruhe  Gallery  ;  altarpieces  in  Lrihr  and  Dun- 
denheim,  Baden  ;  Four  Seasons,  Royal  Pal- 
ace, Carlsruho ;  Procession  in  Dachau  ; 
Intimate  Friends  at  Beethoven's  ;  Dance  of 
Elves  ;  Woman  with  a  Hose,  Provin/ial  Mu- 
seuui,  Hanover  ;  portraits  of  Queen  Victoria 


and  Family,  Princess  of  Wales,  Crown  Prince 
and  Crown  Princess  of  Prussia,  Grand  Duch- 
ess Louise  of  Baden,  Emperor  Maximilian 
and  Empress  of  Mexico. — Miiller,  210. 

GRAHAM,  JOHN,  born  in  Scotland  in 
1754,  died  at  Edinburgh  in  1817.  History 
painter,  first  apprenticed  to  a  coach  painter 
in  Edinburgh,  then  in  London  pupil  at  the 
Royal  Academy,  where  he  exhibited  from 
1780  to  17117.  Appointed  in  17HS  master 
of  Trustees'  Academy  in  Edinburgh,  where 
he  had  among  his  pupils  Wilkie,  Allan, 
Burnett,  and  Gordon.  Works:  Daniel  in 
Lions'  Den  (17SII);  TIKI  (17<s:!|;  Ceres  in 
Search  of  Proserpine  (1780);  Escape,  of  Marv 
Stuart  from  Lochleven  (1788),  Portrait  of  an 
Alderman,  Stationers'  Hall,  London  ;  Marv 
Stuart  before  Execution  il7'.l^|:  David  in- 
structing Solomon  (17H7);  The  Disobedient 
Prophet,  National  Gallcrv,  Edinburgh. 

GRAHAM,  MARY, 'port  rait,  Thomas 
(iiiiii.ilxirniii/li,  National  Gallerv,  Edinburgh  ; 
canvas.  The  Honourable  Mrs.  ( iraham,  wife 
of  Thomas  Graham,  of  Balgowan,  afterwards 
Lord  Lynedoch  ;  full  length,  standing. 
Painted  in  177S  ;  after  death  of  Lord  Lyne- 
doch (184;i),  came  into  possession  of  Itohert 
Graham  of  Rcdgorton,  who  be<|iieathed  it, 
in  185!)  to  National  Gallery.  Study  for  the 
tched  by  Waltner  ; 


>.   -Brock-Arnold, 
Portfolio   (188(1), 


head  in  same  Gallery.  1 
('.  ( ).  Murray  in  Portfol 
Biog.  Great  Artists,  50 
2  ;  Athena-urn,  Aug.,  1S( 

GRAHAM,  PETER,  born  in  Edinburgh 
in  1830.  Landscape 
painter,  pu  p  i  1  of 
School  of  Design, 
Edinburgh  ;  removed 
to  London  in  1800  ; 
elected  an  A.R.S.A. 
in  18(i(),  but  resigned 
in  1877,  when  he  was 
made  an  honourable 
membe  r  ;  A.R.A.  in 
1877,  R.A.  in  1882. 
Paints  chiefly  Highland  scenes  with  cattle, 
and  rocky  shores.  Works :  Spate  in  the 
Highlands  (1800),  Hermou  sale,  1882,  £787  ; 


105 


GRAHAM 


Crossing  the  Moor  (187/5);  Glint  of  Sun- 
shine, Gently  Heaving  Tide  (1877);  Wan- 
dering Shadows  (1878);  Cloudland  and 
Moor,  Sea-Birds,  Resting  Place  (1879)  ; 
Mountain  Road,  Scotch  Cattle  (1881);  After 
Rain  (1882);  Quiet  Noon,  Lonely  Shore 
(1883);  Dawn,  Sea  Mist  (1884).— Portfolio 
(1870),  148. 

GRAHAM,  THOMAS,  born  in  Scotland  ; 
contemporary.  Figure  painter,  educated 
in  Edinburgh  ;  studio  in  London.  Works  : 
Monks  playing  Bowls  (1807);  The  Dominie 
(18G8);  Lairds  Pew,  Billet-Doux  (18G9); 
Wayfarers  (1870);  Imogen  in  the  Cave 
(1874);  The  Tire- Woman  (1877);  Mudlark, 
Philosopher's  Breakfast  (1878);  Clang  of 
Wooden  Shoon  (1879);  Pleasant  Pasture, 
Spring-Time  (1881);  Eyes  to  the  Blind 
(1881!) ;  Stobhall—  Perthshire  (1884). 

GRAHAM-GILBERT,  JOHN,  born  at 
(ilasgow  in  1794,  died  there,  June  5,  1800. 
Portrait  and  genre-  painter,  pupil  at  Royal 
Academy,  London,  where  he  won  the  gold 
medal  in  1821,  then  studied  for  two  years 
in  Italy,  especially  the  Venetian  masters ; 
returned  to  London,  and  in  1827  went  to 
Edinburgh,  where  he  was  made  member  of 
the  Academy  in  1830  ;  soon  after  settled  at 
Glasgow,  where  his  collection  of  paintings 
forms  a  valuable  feature  of  the  Corporation 
Galleries.  Works :  Women  at  a  Foun- 
tain (1840) ;  Roman  Girl  (1804)  ;  Portrait  of 
Walter  Scott,  National  Portrait  Gallery,  ' 
London  ;  do.  of  Watson  Gordon,  John  Gib- 
son, sculptor,  Italian  Nobleman,  Bandit's 
Bride,  National  Gallery,  Edinburgh. — Bryan 
—Graves,  592. 

GRAN,  DANIEL,  born  at  Vienna  or  in 
Moravia  in  1094,  died  at  St.  Piilten,  Nether 
Austria,  April  14,  1757.  German  school  ; 
history  painter,  said  to  have  studied  in  Vi- 
enna under  Ferg  and  Wernle,  and  afterwards 
in  Venice  under  Ricci  and  in  Naples  under 
Solimena,  though  this  is  doubtful.  After 
his  return  from  Italy  he  became  the  first 
German  fresco  painter  of  his  time,  and  exe- 
cuted frescos  and  oil  paintings  for  churches 
and  palaces  in  Vienna  and  Moravia.  Be- 


came court-painter  between  1720  and  1726. 
Works  :  Ceiling  frescos,  Court  Library 
(1730)  and  Schwarzenberg  Palace,  Vienna  ; 
do.,  Summer  Palaces  at  Hetzendorf  (1742) 
and  Schonbrunn  ;  do.,  Schwarzspanier 
Kirche,  Vienna  ;  Holy  Family,  Vienna  Mu- 


D  .  Crcun 


seum  ;  St.  Elizabeth,  Karlskirche,  Vienna. — 
Allgem.  d  Biogr.,  ix.  578  ;  Brockhaus,  viii. 
280  ;  Wurzbach,  \.  307. 

GRANACCI,  FRANCESCO,  born  in 
Florence,  July  23,  1477,  died  there,  Nov. 
30,  1543.  Florentine  school;  pupil  of  Do- 
menico  and  David  Ghirlandajo  at  same  time 
with  Michelangelo,  with  whom  he  formed  an 
intimate  friendship.  His  early  tendency 
was  to  imitate  the  Michelangelesque,  at  the 
same  time  endeavouring  to  acquire  the  tech- 
nical improvements  of  Mariotto  Albertinelli 
and  of  Fra  Bartolommeo.  He  was  one  of 
those  whom  Michelangelo  invited  to  Rome 
in  1508  to  aid  in  the  frescos  of  the  Sistine 
Chapel,  but  he  did  not  satisfy  him,  and  this 
led  to  their  estrangement.  After  that  Gra- 
nacci  came  under  Raphael's  influence.  On 
his  return  to  Florence  he  became  Ridolfo 
Ghirlandajo's  partner,  and  devoted  himself 
chiefly  to  the  painting  of  banners  and  stage 
scenery.  Among  his  best  pictures  are  Vir- 
gin in  Glory,  Uffizi,  Florence  ;  Holy  Fam- 
ily, Palazzo  Pitti,  ib.  ;  Virgin  and  Saints, 
Academy,  ib.  ;  Madonna  and  Saints,  The 
Trinity,  Berlin  Museum  ;  The  Virgin  ador- 
ing the  Child,  Four  Saints,  Old  Pinakothek, 
Munich ;  Nativity,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 


burg.—  C.  &  C.,  Italy,  iii.  534  ;  Vasari,  ed. 
Le  Mon.,  ix.  217  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  l5cole  floren- 
tine  ;  Baldinucci,  ii.  89  ;  Liibke,  Gesch.  d. 
ital.  Mai.,  ii.  181. 


GRANDI,  EliCOLE  DI  GIULIO,  born  in 
Ferrara  about  14(!2,  died  there,  .lulv,  1531. 
Lombard  school.  Called  also  Ercole  da 
Ferrara.  Son  of  Giulio  Cesare  Grandi; 
was  in  the  service  of  the  Duke  of  Ferrara  in 
14JI2  !)'J.  He  was  a  disciple  of  Costa,  or 
rather  of  Francia  as  represented  by  Costa, 
in  his  later  period.  Among  his  typical 
works  may  be  cited  the  Martyrdom  of  St. 
Sebastian  in  S.  Paolo,  Ferrara,  and  the  St. 
George  and  the  Dragon  in  the  Corsini  Gal- 
lerv,  Rom  c  ; 

n 


Conversion    of  /  / 

St.   Paul,   Na-  L\ 

tional     Gallery,  /   /, 
London. — C.  & 


C.,    N.    Italy,    i. 

531,    550  ;  *Cit- 

tadella,  Notizie  di  Ferrara,  422  ;  Vasari,  ed. 

Mil,  iii.  141  ;  ed.  Le  Mon.,  iv.  247  ;  Biuvk- 

hardt,  582. 

GRANDI,  ERCOLE  DI  ROBERTO,  died 
in  Ferrara  before  1513.  Lombard  school. 
Called  also  Ercole  da  Ferrara  or  Ferrarese. 
Son  of  Roberto  Grandi,  and  partner  of  his 
brother  as  a  painter  and  gold-beater  in  Fer- 
rara in  1471).  Salaried  by  the  Duke  of  Fer- 
rara, by  whom  he  was  frequently  employed; 
finished  a  view  of  Naples  in  1490-1)3  ; 
and  painted  in  1494  the  likeness  of  Hercules 
I.  for  Isabella  of  Mantua.  Vasari,  who  con- 
founds him  with  Ercole  the  disciple  of  Costa, 
ascribes  to  him  the  frescos  in  the  Garganelli 
Chapel  of  S.  Pietro,  now  destroyed.  His 
Capture  and  Procession  to  Golgotha  in  the 
Dresden  Museum  (the  centre-piece,  belong- 
ing to  these,  a  Pieta,  is  in  the  Royal  Insti- 
tution at  Liverpool)  show  that  he  was  a 
close  follower  of  Mantegna  rather  than  of 
Costa.  In  similar  style  are  :  Christ  on  the 
Mount,  Ravenna  Gallery  ;  Crucified  Saviour, 
Museo  Civico,  Venice  ;  and  the  Lucretia, 
Modena  Gallery.--C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  i.  530  ; 
Vasari,  ed.  Le  Mon.,  iv.  247;  ed.  Mil.,  iii. 
141;  Cittadella,  Notizie  di  Ferrara,  583; 
Burckhardt,  582. 

GRANDSIRE,  EUGENE,  bom  at  Or- 
leans, March  18,  1825.  Landscape  painter, 


pupil  of  J.  Noel  and  Jules  Dupre.  Tcachei 
of  drawing  in  the  Kcole  drs  Artset  Mi-tiers, 
Paris.  L.  of  Honour,  1H74.  Works  :  Pont 
du  Moulin  (18(i5),  Orleans  Museum  ;  The 
Brook  (l.S(ili),  Nantes  Museum  ;  River 
Meurthe  (1874);  Mill  of  Simoncau.  Road  to 
Fountain  of  St.  Guinole  (1877)  ;  View  near 
Gratain,  Pasture  in  Sologne  (18~S)  ;  Valley 
of  Plainfaing  (18711)  ;  Valley  of  Baiim,  River 
Meurthe  (188(1)  ;  Port  of  Dieppe,  Canal  at 
Tivport  (1881 ),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Val 
ley  of  the  Bagnerot  in  November  (1882)  ; 
The  Campinc  at  Antwerp,  Dieppe  (1HSU); 
Kattendyk  at  Antwerp,  Canal  at.  Antwerp 
(1884)  ;  Sunrise,  Sunset — Antwerp  (1885). — 
Bellier  de  la  Chavigneric,  i.  (iS7. 

Gl  JANET,  FRANrolS-MAUirs,  born 
in  Aix,  Provence, 
Dec.  17,  1775, 
died  there,  Nov. 
21,  1811).  Archi- 
tecture painter, 
first  instructed 
by  an  unknown 
Italian,  then  by 
the  landscape 
painter  Constan- 
tin,  and  after- 
wards by  David  in  Paris, 
to  Rome,  where  he  spent,  the  greater  part  of 
his  life  and  painted  most  of  his  pictures. 
They  were  chiefly  interiors  of  churches, 
monasteries,  etc.,  with  historical  scenes. 
Returned  to  Paris  in  1811),  made  custodian 
of  the  paintings  of  the  Louvre  in  1821!,  and 
member  of  the  Institute  in  18:!().  After 
the  revolution  of  1848  he  retired  to  Aix,  and 
bequeathed  to  his  native  city  his  fortune 
and  all  his  pictures  to  found  a  museum. 
Medal,  1808;  L.  of  Honour,  181!)  ;  Officer, 
1833  ;  Order  of  St.  Michael,  182(5.  Works  : 
Interior  of  the  Coliseum  (180(!),  The  Painter 
Sodoma  carried  to  the  Hospital  (1815),  In- 
terior of  the  Basilica  of  St.  Francis  of  Assist 
(1823),  Ransom  of  Prisoners  in  Algiers 
(1831),  Portrait  of  Himself,  Louvre,  Paris  ; 
Funeral  Honours  to  the  Victims  of  Fieschi's 
Infernal  Machine  (1839),  Invalides,  ib. ; 


In  1802  he  went 


187 


GRANGER 


Godfrey  of  Bouillon  hanging  up  the  Trophies 
from  Ascalon  iu  the  Church  of  the  Holy 
Sepulchre,  Versailles  Museum  ;  Choir  in 
Capuchin  Monastery  near  the  Piazza  Bar- 
barini at  Rome  (181!),  was  repeated  fifteen 
or  more  times)  ;  replica  in  Buckingham 
Palace  ;  St.  Louis  delivering  French  Prison-  [ 
ers  at  Damietta  (1827),  Amiens  Museum  ; 
Captivity  of  Vert-Vert  (1834),  Reception  of  . 
a  Cardinal  by  Carthusian  Monks  in  Rome; 
(183G),  Hermits  building  a  Chapel  (1843),  [ 
Eudorus  the  Martyr  visiting  the  Catacombs, 
Michel  Nostradamus,  Christians  drawing  a 
Martyr's  Corpse  from  the  Sewers  of  Rome, 
A  Quarter  of  an  Hour  before  Service,  Cele- 
bration of  Mass  in  Reign  of  Terror  (1847), 
Capuchins  Writing  (1849),  Burial  in  a  Crypt, 
and  several  others,  Aix  Museum  ;  Choir  of 
St.  Scolastica  at  Subiaco,  Reception  of 
Jacques  de'Molay  into  the  Order  of  Tem- 
plars (1843).  Avignon  Museum  ;  Choir  of 
Capuchin  Monks  of  Piazza  Barbarini,  Ex- 
amination of  Savonarola  (184G),  Lyons  Mu- 
seum ;  Ruins  of  the  Coliseum,  Dijon  Muse- 
um ;  Alchymist's  Laboratory,  Stafford  House, 
London  ;  Savonarola  in  his  Cell,  New  Pina- 
kothek,  Munich  ;  Jacques  Stella  in  Prison 
painting  the  Madonna  (1810),  Leuchtenberg 
Gallery,  St.  Petersburg;  Franciscan  Monks 
at  Early  Mass  (1818),  Hermitage,  il>. ;  Choir 
of  Church  at  Assisi, 

I  Academy,  ib. ;  Bene- 
dictines in  the  Ora- 
tory, New  York  Mu- 
seum.— Bellier  do  la  Chavignerie,  i.  G88  ; 
Ch.  Blanc,  Keole  franyaise,  iii. ;  Larousse, 
viii.  1453  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  145. 

GRANGER,' JEAN  PERIN,  born  iu  Paris, 
May  10,  1779,  died  there,  Dec.  1,  1840. 
History  painter,  pupil  of  David,  and  a  skil- 
ful imitator  of  his  style.  Won  the  grand 
prix  de  Rome  in  1801.  Painted  chiefly 
Greek  and  Roman  mythology  and  history. 
Medals,  1812,  1817,  and  1820.  Works: 
Ganymede  (1812),  Bordeaux  Museum  ; 
Apollo  and  Cyparissus  (1816),  Leipsic  Mu- 
seum ;  St.  Charles  Borromeo  (1819),  Church 
of  St.  Sulpice  ;  Homer  and  Glaucus  the 


§  r~  ~T 
/V  t-  I 


Shepherd  (1819),  Dijon  Museum  ;  Titus  re- 
ceiving the  Homage  of  the  Campanians 
(1822),  Amiens  Museum  ;  Jesus  healing  the 
Sick  (1839),  Notre  Dame,  Paris  ;  Marshal 
Boucicault  forcing  Bajazet  to  raise  the  Siege 
of  Constantinople  (1840),  Versailles  Muse- 
um ;  Mercury  carrying  Bacchus  into  Olym- 
pus, Besancon  Museum  ;  Wounded  Soldier, 
Nancy  Museum. — Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie, 
i.  G89*. 

GRANICUS,  PASSAGE  OF  THE,  Charles 
Lcbnin,  Louvre,  Paris  ;  canvas,  H.  15  ft,  5 
in.  x  33  ft.  9  in.  Alexander,  contrary  to  the 
advice  of  his  generals,  crosses  the  rapid 
stream  at  the  head  of  his  cavalry,  under  a 
shower  of  missiles  from  the  Persians,  who 
occupy  the  opposite  bank.  He  is  attacked 
by  Roosaces  and  Spithridates,  two  Persian 
captains,  but,  aided  by  Clytus,  overthrows 
them  ;  and  the  Macedonian  phalanx  cross- 
ing at  the  ford,  the  Persians  are  put  to 
rout  (Plutarch,  Alex.,  xvi.).  Series  of  His- 
tory of  Ak.randi'r.  Engraved  by  G.  Audran 
(1072).— Landou,  Musce,  iii.  PI.  45  ;  Filhol, 
i.  PI.  5. 

GRANT,  Sir  FRANCIS,  born  at  Kilgas- 
ton,  Perthshire, 
Scotland,  in  1804, 
died  in  London, 
Oct.  5,  1878. 
Portrait  painter, 
relinquished  the 
law  for  art,  and 
first  became 
known  in  1835- 
40  as  a  painter  of 
sporting  pictures 
contaning  portraits  of  noted  huntsmen  and 
horses,  such  as  Meet  of  the  Queen's  Stag- 
Hounds  (1837),  and  The  Melton  Hunt  (1839), 
well  known  through  engravings.  Later  lie 
turned  his  attention  to  portrait  painting  ; 
in  1841  exhibited  an  equestrian  portrait  of 
the  Queen,  and  was  elected  an  A.RA. ;  in 
1851  became  R.A.,  and  in  1866  succeeded  Sir 
Charles  Eastlake  asP.R.A.,  and  was  knighted. 
His  portraits  were  noted  for  striking  resem- 
blance, elegance,  and  simplicity.  Among  his 


168 


many  distinguished  sitters  were  the  Puke 
and  Duchess  of  Beaufort;  Dukes  of  Cam- 
bridge, Roxborough,  liutlund,  und  Bucking- 
ham ;  Duchess  of  Sutherland ;  Earls  of  Derby, 
Fife,  and  Elgin  ;  Lords  Piilmcrston,  Her- 
bert, and  Stanley;  Sir  Colin  Campbell,  Gen- 
eral J.  Sir  Hope  Grant  (his  brother),  Dis- 
raeli, Landseer,  Maeaulay,  and  Lockliart. — 
Ottley  ;  Art  Journal  (1878),  2:(2. 

GRAN  VASCO.     See  Fernandez  Vasco. 

GRANVELLA,  NICHOLAS,  portrait,  7V- 
tian,  Besan«;on  Museum  ;  canvas,  figure  to 
liips,  largo  as  life.  The  Chancellor,  in  state 
dress,  with  white  beard  falling  to  his  chest  ; 


gians  (1848);  Russian  15ear  Hunt  ;  St.  Was- 
sily  ;  Russian  I'ilgrinis  ;  Odalisque  ;  Horses 
in  Flight;  Russian  Invalid;  Halt  of  Geor- 
gians ;  Till  Eulenspiegel  ;  Fight  between 
Circassian  and  Russian  ;  St.  William  ;  Scene 
from  Nathan  the  Wise  ;  Portrait  of  Fran/. 
Lis/.t.  Many  dog  and  horse  portraits. — 
Kuust-Chronik,  xi.  514. 

GRASS,  KARL  GOTTHARD,  born  at 
Serben,  Livonia,  Oct.  S  (I'.t),  17(17,  died  in 
Koine,  Aug.  4,  1814.  Landscape  painter, 
pupil  in  Zurich  of  Ludwig  Hess,  visited 
1'aris  in  1801  ami  with  Rehfurs  went  to  It- 
aly in  1803,  where  he  spent  considerable 


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;spt^ 

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yj^^m' 


Passage  of  the  Granicus,   Charles  Lebrun,   Louvre,    Paris 


the  chain  of  the  Golden  Fleece  round  his 
neck.  Painted  in  Augsburg  in  1548. — C.  & 
C.,  Titian,  ii.  18;!. 

GRASHOF,  OTTO,  bom  at  Prenxlau, 
Brandenburg,  in  1812,  died  in  Cologne, 
April  23,  1876.  German  school  ;  history, 
genre,  portrait,  and  animal  painter,  pupil  of 
Dlisseldorf  Academy  under  Schadow  ;  spent 
several  years  in  Russia,  visited  Mexico,  and 
the  La  Plata  States  in  South  America,  and 
settled  in  1845  at  Cologne.  He  became 
blind  in  1861.  Works  :  Realm's  Salvation 
(1834);  The  Cid  (1835);  Guardian  Angel 
(1845);  Christ  and  Samaritan  Woman  (184(5); 
Presenting  the  Sword,  Wolves  by  Dead  Horse 
(1847)  ;  Battle  of  Shumla,  Vanguard  of  Les- 


time  in  Sicily.  Works  :  Spring  Morning 
in  Valley  San  Angelo  di  Brolo  ;  Concordia 
Temple  near  Girgenti  ;  Falls  of  Carcacci 
under  Ml.  Etna  ;  Idyl  after  Theocritus  ; 
Two  views  of  Mt.  Etna  (1S1 1).— Brocklmus, 

1  viii.    301?;    Tielemann,    Karl    Grass    (Riga, 
1818). 

GRASSHOPPER  AND  ANT  (Cigalc  et 
la  Fourmi),  Jehan  Georges  I'ibi'ii.  Comte 
de  Camondo,  Paris.  Illustration  of  La  Fon- 
taine, Fables,  i.  1.  Salon,  1875. 

GRASSI,  JOSEF,  born  in  Vienna,  April 
22,  1757,  died  in  Dresden,  Jan.  7,  1838. 
German  school  ;  portrait  and  history  paint- 
er, pupil  of  Vienna  Academy  ;  was  in  War- 

!  saw   during   the   revolution    of   17'J3,    and 


(IRA  TELL  A 


underwent  grout  perils,  hut  escaped  by  the 
aid  of  Kosciuszko.  Went  by  invitation  of 
the  Duke  of  Coin-land  to  Sagan,  and  thence 
to  Dresden,  where  in  17!)'.)  he  became  pro- 
fessor at  the  Academy.  In  1816-21  was  in 
Koine  as  director  of  the  Saxon  art  pension- 
aries. Distinguished  and  decorated  by  the 
King  of  Saxony  and  the  Duke  of  Gotha  ; 
also  member  of  several  Academies.  Works  : 
St.  John  Baptist.  St.  Peter,  Dresden  Gal- 
lery ;  The  Arcadians,  Callisto  asleep,  St. 
Ann  instructing  the  Virgin,  Female  Figure 
walking.  Fairy  on  Chariot,  Portrait  of  Duke 
Frederic  IV.  of  Saxe-Gotha,  do.  of  Minister 
von  Lindenau  (1814),  and  copies  after  Al- 
bani,  Correggio,  and  Raphael,  Gotha  Gal- 
lery.— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  5!)'2  ;  Wur/- 
bach,  v.  314. 

GEATELLA.  See  /''i/i/ipi,  Sebastiano. 
GRAY,  HENRY  PETERS,  born  in  New 
York,  June  23,  181!), 
died  there,  Nov.  12, 
LS77.  Portrait  and 
genre  painter,  pupil 
of  Huntington.  Vis- 
ited Europe  in  1840, 
studied  in  Rome  and 

Venice  ;     went    abroad 

_ 

again  in  1846,  and  to 
Florence  in  1871,  re- 
maining four  years. 

Elected  N.A.  in  1842,  President  of  National 
Academy  from  1809  to  1871.  Works  :  Pride 
of  the  Village,  R.  M.  Olyphant  ;  Wages  of 
\Yar,  Metropolitan  Museum,  New  York  ; 
Portrait  of  William  Cullen  Bryant,  Histori- 
cal Society,  ib. ;  Cupid  begging  his  Arrow, 
Pennsylvania  Academy,  Philadelphia  ;  Judg- 
ment of  Paris,  Corcoran  Gallery,  Washing- 
ton ;  Twilight  Musings ;  Blessed  are  the ' 
Pure  in  Heart ;  Truth  ;  Ophelia  ;  Normandy 
Girl ;  Jessica  or  the  Pride  of  the  Rialto  ; 
Model  from  Cadore ;  Immortality  of  the 
Soul,  Edwin  Hoyt ;  Birth  of  our  Flag  (1875); 
Flower  of  Fiesole,  Just  Fifteen  (1875),  M. 
O.  Roberts,  New  York  ;  Apple  of  Discord 
(1876).— Tuckerman,  442. 

GRAYSON,  CLIFFORD  PREVOST,  born ! 


in  Philadelphia  in  1857.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Pennsylvania  Academy  and  in  Paris 
of  Gerome.  Works  :  Breton  Idyl  (1881)  ; 
Going  to  Market  (1882) ;  Un  fichu  temps 
(1883);  Ohe,  lecanot!  (1884);  Fisher-chil- 
reu  at  Concarneau  (1885). — Art  Journal 
(1884),  222. 

GRAZIANI,  ERCOLE,  born  at  Bologna 
in  1088,  died  in  17G5.  Bolognese  school. 
History  painter,  pupil  of  Donato  Creti 
(1671-174!),  a  coronation  of  Charles  V.,  by 
whom  is  in  the  Bologna  Gallery),  whom  he 
surpassed  in  both  design  and  colouring ; 
painted  a  great  number  of  pictures  for  pub- 
lic buildings  at  Bologna  and  Piacenza,  and 
especially  for  the  churches  of  Bologna. 
A\  orks  :  St.  Peter  consecrating  St.  Apollin- 
aris  amidst  an  Assembly  of  Early  Clmstiaus, 
Bologna ;  Marriage  of  St.  Catherine,  St. 
Ann  teaching  the  Virgin  to  read,  S.  Bar- 
tolommeo  di  Reno,  ib.  ;  Ascension,  Chiesa 
della  Puritii,  ib.  ;  Annunciation,  Madonna 
delle  Rondiui,  ib. ;  replica  of  first-named,  and 
Baptism  of  Christ,  Sant'  Apollinare,  Rome. 

GREATOREX,  ELIZA,  born  at  Manor- 
Hamilton,  Ireland,  Dec.  25,  1820.  Land- 
scape painter  ;  settled  in  New  York  in  1839. 
Pupil  of  Emile  Lambinet  in  Paris,  in  1861  ; 
earlier  helped  by  the  criticisms  of  Cafferty, 
W.  W.  Wotherspoon,  and  James  M.  Hart. 
Has  visited  Europe  repeatedly.  Elected  an 
A. N.A.  in  18G8.  Studio  in  New  York. 
Works  :  Road  Scene  in  Connecticut ;  Old 
House  in  Bloomingdalo  ;  Joy  Bridge — Pel- 
tigor,  Ireland ;  Amsterdam  ;  Fort  Hamil- 
ton—  Long  Island  ;  Bay  Ridge  ;  Normandy 
Cottage  (1881);  Fontainebleau  Forest,  Cres- 
sonieres-Yeules  en  Caux  (1882);  Laurel  Run 
—Virginia ;  Louis  Philippe  House  in  1868 
— Bloomingdale,  M.  de  Mendonya  ;  Somer- 
endyke  Lake — Bloomingdale  (1884).  Kate 
and  Eleanor,  daughters  of  Mrs.  Greatorex, 
also  paint  and  exhibit  at  the  National  Acad- 
emy ;  they  have  studied  abroad  and  under 
their  mother,  whose  studio  they  share. 
Miss  Kate  Greatorex  has  exhibited  :  Last 
Bit  of  Autumn  (1875);  Goethe's  Fountain 
—Frankfort  (1876);  Thistles  (1877);  Algo- 


170 


GttEBBER 


rian  Messenger  Boy  (1882) ;  Hollyhocks 
(1883).  From  Tuba's  Kitchen— Ober  Am- 
raergau,  was  exhibited  by  Miss  K.  Great- 
orex  in  187G,  ami  The  Bath  in  1884.— Am. 
Art  Rev.  (1881),  12. 

GREBBER,  FRANS  PIETERSZ  DF, 
bom  at  Haarlem  in  1570  or  1570  (V),  died 
there  in  1049.  Dutch  school ;  history  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Jacques  Savery. 
Dean  of  the  guild  at  Haarlem  in  1027. 
Works  :  Four  Banquets  of  City  Guard  OtH- 
cers  (1GOO,  1010,  1(51!)),  Haarlem  Museum  ; 
Lot  and  his  Daughters  (V),  Schweriu  Gallery. 
— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  018  ;  Schlie,  220  ; 
Van  der  Willigen,  1155. 

GREBBER,  PIETER  DE,  born  at  Haar- 
lem in  1000,  died  after  1005.  Dutch  school  ; 
history  and  portrait  painter,  son  and  pupil 
of  Frans  Pietersz  and  scholar  of  H.  Goltzius. 
His  pictures  recall  Rubens  and  Last  maim. 
Works:  The  Shepherds  (1028),  Works  of 
Charity  (1028),  Barharossa  and  the  1'utn- 
nrch  of  Haarlem  (10:50),  Hippocrates  refus- 
ing the  Presents  of  Artaxerxes  (1037),  Haar- 
lem Museum  ;  The  Apostles  giving  Alms  to 
the  Poor,  Oudemannenhuys,  Haarlem  ;  Ja 
cob  receiving  from  his  Sons  the  Bloody 
Garment  of  Joseph,  City  Hall,  Haarlem  ; 
Portraits  (.'!),  Moses  in  tho  Bulrushes 
(1(534),  Dres- 
den  Muse- 
urn  ;  Hera- 
clitus  and 
Democritus, 
Oldenburg 
Gallery.- 
All  gem.  d. 
Biogr.,  ix.  G18  ;  Van  der  Willigen,  137  ; 
Rembrandt,  ses  Precurseurs,  etc.,  7(5. 

GRECHETTO,  IL.  See  Citttiyli'one,  Gio- 
vanni Benedetto. 

GRECO,  EL,  born  in  Greece  (or  in  Ven- 
ice of  Greek  parents?)  about  1548,  died  in 
Toledo  in  1G25.  Spanish  school ;  Real 
name  Domenico  Theotocopuli  (Teoacopoli) ; 
surnamed  in  Venice,  where  he  studied  under 
Titian,  D  Greco  (The  Greek).  Settled  at  To- 
ledo about  1577,  and  became  known  by  an 


altarpiece,  Parting  of  Christ's  Raiment,  in 
the  sacristy  of  the  cathedral,  quite,  in  Ti- 
tian's style.  Called 
to  Madrid  to  paint 
at  the  Escorial  by 
Philip  II.  Tfi's 
best  work  is  the 
Burial  of  the 
Count  of  Or-'a/, 
S.  Tome,  Toledo. 
Later  ho  adopted 
a  grayish  style  of  '  \  >] 

colouring,    and 

greatly  deteriorated.  He  left  some,  good 
portraits.  Works:  Dead  Christ  in  the  Arms 
of  God  the  Father,  St.  Paul,  Crucifixion,  An- 
nunciation, Holv  Familv,  Baptism  of  Christ, 
Male  Portraits  (S |,  Mailrid  Museum. --Stir- 
ling, i.  270;  Viardot,  1(17  ;  Ch.  JJlanc,  I:><>1.. 
espagnole. 

(HtKKNCiKOCKlJ,  Gerard   /'..//,  Louvre. 
I'aris  ;   wood,   H.   1    ft.  3   in.      '.I   in.:  signed. 


-  '     \ 


n'W 


Greengrocer,    Gerard   Duu,    Louvre,    Paris. 

dated  1047.  At  right,  a  woman,  tho  green- 
grocer, standing  behind  a  table  holding  bal- 
ances in  her  hand  ;  on  other  side  of  table, 


171 


GREENI1ILL 


mi  old  woman  counting  money  ;  a  young 
servant  with  a  wooden  pail,  and  a  boy  carry- 
ing a  vase.  The  whole  is  seen  through  a 
window,  on  the  sill  of  which  are  vegetables 
and  a  jug.  Beunengen  sale,  Amsterdam 
(1710),  1,200  florins  ;  Backer  sale,  Leyden 
(170(5),  7,150  florins;  llaudon  de  Boisset 
sale  (1777),  15,500  livres  ;  Comte  de  Vau- 
drenil  sale  (1784),  10,901  livres;  Due  de 
Praslin  sale  (1793),  34.850  livres.  Engraved 
by  Dambrun.— Filhol,  v.  PI.  350. 

GREENKLLL,  JOHN,  born  at  Salisbury' 
in  1041),  died  in  London,  May  19,  107(5. 
Pupil  of  Sir  Peter  Lely,  whose  style  he  imi- 
tated botli  in  oil  and  crayons.  Left  a  few 
line  portraits,  but  dissolute  habits  injured 
his  reputation.  Died  suddenly  by  an  acciden- 
tal fall  in  Long  Acre.  Works  :  Bishop  Seth 
Ward,  Town  Hall,  Salisbury  ;  Charles  II., 
Karl  of  Shaftesbury,  National  Portrait  Gal- 
lery, London. — Redgrave;  F.  do  Conches,  GO. 
GREFE,  KONRAD,  born  in  Vienna, 
Sept.  7,  1823.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of 
Schindler,  then  of  Vienna  Academy  under 
Miissmer  and  Gscllhofer,  but  studied  chiefly 
from  nature  ;  devoted  himself  for  several 
years  to  etching,  and  since  1S55  has  painted 
in  water-colours  the  mediieval  churches  of 
Austria.  Works  :  Woodland  in  Fog,  Sun- 
set (1852);  Ruin  in  Park  of  Schonbrunn, 
View  near  the  Schneeberg  (1853);  Ruins 
near  Hainburg,  Evening  Landscape  (1855); 
Old  Jewish  Cemetery  at  Prague  (185(5); 
Deserted  Mill  (1858);  Storm  Landscape ' 
(1S59).— Wurzbach,  v.  321. 

GREGORY,  EDWARD  JOHN,  born  at 
Southampton  in  1850. 
Portrait  and  landscape 
painter,  pupil  of 
Southampton  and 

South  Kensington  Art 
° 

Schools.  Elected 
member  of  Institute ' 
of  Painters  in  Water 
Colours,  where  he  ex- 
hibited his  St.  George 
in  1870.  First  exhib- 
ited at  Royal  Academy  in  1875  ;  elected  an 


A.RA.  in  1883.  Visited  Italy  in  1882. 
Works  :  Portrait  of  Duncan  McLaren,  M.P. 
(1877);  Portrait  of  Rev.  Thomas  Stevens 
(1879);  The  Signal,  A  Rehearsal  (1882); 
Piccadilly  —  Drawing-Room  Day,  Grand 
Canal — Venice,  Boat-Builder's  Yard — Ven- 
ice, Gates  of  Arsenal — Venice,  Cl  d'Oro — 
Venice  (1883);  Startled,  Fishing  in  Marlow 
Backwater  (1884).  -Art  Journal  (1883),  95  ; 
Portfolio  (1878),  101  ;  Mag.  of  Art  (1884), 
353. 

GREGORY  PROMULGATING  THE 
DECRETALS,  Raphael,  Camera  della  Seg- 
natura,  Vatican  ;  fresco,  right  of  window. 
Pope  Gregory  IX.  (portrait  of  Julius  II.) 
seated,  blessing  the  Decretals,  which  he 
hands  to  a  kneeling  jurist  of  the  Consistory; 
among  the  prelates  around  him  are  Giovanni 
de'  Medici  (Leo  X.),  Alessandro  Farnese 
(Paul  III),  and  Antonio  del  Monte.  Illus- 
trates the  consecration  of  Canon  Law ;  com- 
panion piece  to  Justinian  promulgating  the 
Pandects.  Painted  in  1511.  Engraved  by 
Fr.  Aquila  ;  Giangiaconm- — Passavant,  ii. 
87  ;  Miintz,  345  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  337. 

GREGORY,  ST.,  MIRACLE  OF,  Andrea 
Sacchi,  Vatican  ;  figures  life-size.  Some 
ambassadors  desiring  to  carry  certain  relics 
into  their  country  were  given  by  Gregory 
the  Great  a  vase  containing  cloths  which  had 
touched  the  bodies  of  saints.  They  having 
expressed  dissatisfaction  at  the  gift,  Greg- 
ory took  one  of  the  cloths,  and,  piercing  it, 
showed  them,  to  their  astonishment,  drops 
of  blood  falling  from  it.  Carried  to  Paris 
in  1799  ;  returned  in  1815. — Landon,  Mu- 
sc'e,  2d  Col.,  ii.  PI.  41. 

GREGORY,  ST.,  SUPPER  OF,  Giorgio 
Vasari,  Bologna  Gallery  ;  wood,  H.  12  ft.  2 
in.  x8  ft.  4  in.;  signed,  dated  1540.  Pope 
Gregory  I.  (the  Great)  always  had  twelve 
poor  men  to  sup  with  him  ;  but  one  night 
he  saw  thirteen  at  the  table,  though  his 
steward  could  count  but  twelve,  and  he  be- 
lieved the  odd  one  to  be  Christ  himself. 
The  picture  represents  this  scene.  For- 
merly in  refectory  of  monastery  of  S.  Mi- 
chele  in  Bosco.  Engraved  by  G.  Tomba. — 


172 


GIIEIL 


Pinac.  di  Bologna,  PI.  19  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil., 
vii.  664 

GREIL,  ALOIS,  born  at  Linz,  Upper 
Austria,  ill  1841.  Genre  painter  and  illus- 
trator, pupil  of  Vienna  Academy  under 
Christian  Ruben  ;  lived  alternately  in  South- 
ern Germany  and  Upper  Austria,  and  in 


Miracle  of   St.   Gregory,    Andrea   Saccht,   Vatican. 

1873  settled  in  Vienna.  His  water-colours 
fetch  high  prices,  and  are  to  be  found  in 
many  private  galleries.  Works  :  Imperial 
Huszars  marching  through  Suabian  Coun- 
try Town  (1880)  ;  School  Examination 
(1882)  ;  Knight  Drama  (188:!).  —  None 
illustr.  Zeitg.  (1881),  i.  27  ;  (1882),  i.  8,  14  ; 
(1883),  i.  3. 

GREXIER  DE  SAINT  MARTIN,  FRAN- 
COIS (Francisque  Martin  Grcnicr),  born  in 
Paris,  July  22,  1793,  died  there,  Dec.  21, 
18G7.  History  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Pierre  Gucrin,  of  David,  and  of  the  Fwcole 
des  Beaux  Arts.  He  was  n  skilful  genre 
painter,  and  several  of  his  works  have  been 
engraved.  Medals:  2d  class,  1810;  1st 
class,  1834  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1841.  Works  : 
Atala  Dying  (1810);  St.  Genevieve  allaying 


a  Storm  (1822,  1827);  Sentinel  by  a  Gabion 
(1822),  Montpellier  Museum  ;  Battle  of  Cam- 
pillo  do  Arenas  (1823);  Surrender  of  Ulm 
(1831);  Little  Peasants  surprised  by  a  Wolf 
(1833),  Nantes  Museum  ;  Little  Thieves  ar- 
rested by  a  Gamekeeper,  Old  Vagabond 
(1834);  Marriage  Proposals  (1836);  Battle 
of  Muga  (1H38),  Incident  in  Battle  of  Aus- 
terlit/.  (1S40),  Versailles  Museum;  Stolen 
Child  (1841 1,  Uodcy.  Museum;  Napoleon's 
Farewell  to  his  Son  (1844);  Smuggler 
(1848);  Poacher  asleep  in  his  Hiding-Place 
(1855);  Rabbit  Hunt  ( 1857),  Marseilles  Mu- 
seum ;  Country  Doctor  (185!!);  A  Discovery 
(18fi3);  Young  Mother  (18<;4>;  The.  Brook 
(18I!5).  His  sons,  Henri  Gustave  and  Tln'o- 
phile  Yves  IJem',  were  also  j)ainters.  —  Bel- 
lierde  In  Chavignerie,  i.  f'.'.t.'i  ;  Meyer,  Gesch., 
158. 

GUETCHEN.  See  Miri/n<-rit<: 
GREU/E,  JEAN  BAPTISTE,  born  at 
Tourmis  (Saone- 
et-Loire),  Aug. 
21,  1725,  died 
in  Paris,  March 
21.1805.  French 
school  ;  genre 
and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  in 
Lyons  of  (Iran- 
don,  and  in  Paris 
of  the  Academy 
in  1755.  His  picture  of  the  Father  reading 
the  Bible  to  his  Children  was  exhibited  and 
greatly  admired  in  the  same  year,  at  the 
close  of  which  he  was  taken  to  Italy  by  the 
Abbe  Goujenot.  After  his  return  he  ex- 
hibited at  the  Salons  of  1757,  1751),  and 
1761,  at  which  latter  his  Aceordee  dii  Vil- 
lage (Louvre)  excited  the  greatest  enthusi- 
asm. Angry  at  being  received  into  the 
Academy  (1767)  as  a  genre  ami  not  as  a 
history  painter,  Greu/e  retired  for  a  time  to 
Anjou,  whence  he  returned  to  exhibit  pict- 
ures in  his  studio  which  attracted  all  Paris. 
He  amassed  a  large  fortune,  hut  lost  it  at 
the  Revolution.  Neglected  by  the  public, 
which  admired  only  the  new  school  of  David, 


173 


GRfiVEDON 

Greuze  passed  his  last  years  in  misery  and  j  Lesson  Book,  two  studies  of  Girls,  National 
regret.  His  wife,  Mile.  Babuty,  whose  Gallery,  Edinburgh ;  Child's  Head,  Sulky 
charming  face  appears  in  so  many  of  his  Boy,  Glasgow  Gallery  ;  Young  Woman  and 
pictures,  was  an  extravagant  and  worthless  j  Child,  Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Portrait  of 
woman,  from  whom  he  was  separated  long  Louis  XVI,  Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Emperor 
before  his  death.  Works:  Septimius  Scv-  Caracalla,  Gotha  Museum  ;  Young  Girl,  Old 
orus  reproaching  Caracalla  (17G9),  Yilkije  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  do.  (1787),  Berlin 
Bride  (1761),  Broken  Pitcher,  Father's  Curse,  Museum  ;  do.,  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Father 
Punished  Son,  Portrait  of  Greuze  (1701),  reading  the  Bible  to  his  Children  (1755), 
Portrait  of  the  Painter  Jeaurat  (17G9),  two  Dresden  Museum  ;  Paralytic  with  his  Chil- 
studies  of  Young  Girls,  Head  of  Young  dren,  Young  Girl,  Boy  with  School-book, 
Girl,  do.  of  Young  Man,  Danai's  Artist's  and  Male  Portrait,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ; 
two  other  portraits,  Louvre,  Paris;  Pelo-  Girl  with  Doll,  Academy,  ib. ;  nine  pictures 
tonneuse,  Inconsolable  Widow,  Female  Por-  in  Leuchteuberg  Gallery,  ib. ;  Five  Studies 
trait,  two  Children's  Heads,  Duo  do  Morny,  of  Heads,  Academy,  Vienna  ;  Others  in 
ib.;  Return  from  Tavern,  Little  La/.y  One,  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  ib.  ;  Contemplation, 
Madeleine,  and  others,  Baron  Rothschild,  Accademia  San  Luca,  Rome;  Study  for  Head 
ib.;  Triumph  of  Galatea,  Study  of  a  Child,  ,  in  Father's  Curse,  Museum,  New  York; 
Aix  Museum  ;  Lady  with  Spaniel,  Angers  Nymph  of  Diana,  Portrait  of  Louis  XVII., 


Museum  ;  Boy's  Portrait,  Girl's  Head,   Be- 
san<;on  Museum  ;  Male  Portrait,  Cherbourg 


.lo.  of  Duo  do  Choiseul,  Replica  of  L'Aveu- 
glc   trompe,  Virginie,  two  Female   Heads, 


Museum;  Psyche  crowning  Love,  Lille  Mu-  Historical    Society,   ib.     Nearly  all   of   his 

seum  ;    Artist's   Portrait,  Lyons   Museum  ;  works  have  been  engraved. — Bellier   de  la 

Male  Portrait,  Marseilles  Museum  ;  Danai'1,  Chavignerie,  i.  095  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  fran- 

Baechante,  liov's  Bust,  Male  Portrait,  Metz  raise  ;  Dohme  ;  Gautier,  Guide  au  Louvre, 

Museum  ;   Morning  Prayer,   Twelfth    Cake  1S4  ;  Gaz.  dcs  B.  Arts  (18GO),  vii.  349  ;  viii. 

(1774),  Little  Mathematician,  The  Paralytic,  195,  230  ;  (1802),  xiii.  401,  512  ;  (1870),  iv. 

Idle    Child   (1755),   six  studies  of    Girls,  277  ;  (1874),  x.  193  ;  (1877),  xvi.  201 ;  Gon- 

Montpellier  Museum  ;  Portraits  of  M.  de  St. 

Maurice  and  Son,  Nantes  Museum;  Girl's 

Head,    Narbonne    Museum;   Old    Woman's 

Head,  Nimes  Museum  ;  Male  Portrait  (1770), 

Troyes  Museum  ;  Napoleon  as  Consul,  Por- 

trait  of  Fontenelle  (17!)3),  Versailles  Muse- 

urn ;  Old  Woman  with  Crutch,  Madrid  Mu- 

scum  ;    Girl   with    Apple,    two    studies   of 

Girls,  National  Gallery,  London  ;  La  Trom- 

pet  to,   two  studies   of    Girls,   Buckingham  court,  L'art  du  XVIII.  Siecle,  i.  291  ;  Hous- 

Palace,   ib. ;  Innocence,  Portrait  of  Artist's  save,  Gal.  du  XVIH.  Siecle,  iv.  1G1 ;  Jal,  058  ; 

Mother,    South  Kensington   Museum,  ib.  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  7  ;  Renouvier,  Hist,  de  1'art 

Innocence,  Girl  with  Doves,  Reflections,  Sir  pendant  la  Revol.,  etc.  (Paris,  18G3)  ;  Wurz- 

R.  Wallace,  ib.;  Throwing  a  Ki**,  Young  bach,  Fr.  Maler  des  XVIII.  Jahrh.,  35;  Zeifc- 

Girl  with  Watch,  The  Letter,  Baron  Alfred  schr.  f.  b.  K,  xx.  251. 

de  Rothschild,  ib. ;  Portraits  of  Madame  de  .     GREVEDON,    (PIERRE  LOUIS)  called 

Pompadour  and  of  Louis  XVI.,  Hampton  HENRI,  born  in  Paris,  Oct.  17,  1776,  died 

Court  Palace  ;  Beggar  Boy,  Fitzwilliam  Mu-  there,  June  1,  1800.     Portrait  painter  and 

seum,  Cambridge  ;  Interior  of  Peasant  Cot-  lithographer,  pupil  of  Regnault.     After  ex- 

tage,    Girl    with   Dead    Canary,    Boy    with  hibiting  (1804)  a  picture  of  Achilles  landing 

174 


GREVEN 

on  the  Shores  of  Troy,  for  which  he  received  nation  of  Esther,  Sentence  of  Hainan,  Palais 
a  first-class  medal,  he  spent  several  years  in  Ephrussi,  ill. ;  1'oscidon's  Wedding  Proces- 
St.  Petersburg,  where  lie  painted  many  tint-  sion.  Demons  of  Storm,  Guardian  Spirits  of 
tered  portraits,  and  was  made  _  *~  the  Sea,  Baron  Sina,  Venice;  Wedding  of 
Member  of  the  Academy.  l*\  Jr*  Aphrodite  and  Adonis,  Villa  Simon,  Hict- 
In  1812  he  went  to  Stock-  ^VA  |ptf  /m^r.  "ear  Vienna  ;  Venus  Urania,  Genii  of 
holm,  then  painted  portraits  I  I  ji  \\Ji  Truth  and  Fancy,  Myth  of  Prometheus,  Al- 
in  England,  and  after  his  re-  N-y*  \^/  legorical  Figures  of  Plastic  Art  (1S~S), 
turn  to  France  in  1811!  be-  ^£*S  Augusteum,  Oldenburg;  Myth  of  Prome- 

caine  popular  as  a  lithographer.  Medals:  2d  theus,  Academy  of  Science,  Athens  ;  thirteen 
class,  1824  ;  1st  class,  18I51  ;  L.  of  Honour,  pictures  from  Antique  Mythology  and  His- 
18152. — Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  <!!I7.  tory,  House  of  Lords,  Vienna.  —  Brockhaus, 

GREVEN,  ANTON,  born  in  Cologne  in  viii.  117;  Illustr.  /eitg.  (IS*;:,);  Kunst- 
1810,  died  there  in  18!!8.  Portrait  and  Chronik,  i.  iv. ;  xx.  7. ">.",;  Miiller.  217. 
genre  painter,  studied  in  Diisseldorf  and  GUIFFIER,  JAX,  born  in  Amsterdam  in 
Munich.  Works :  Drinking  Monks ;  Coffee-  1  (!">(>,  died  in  London  in  1718.  Dutch 
Drinkers;  Knight  and  his  Sweetheart;  school  ;  landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Roeland 
Count  Eberhard  the  Rauschebart,  The  To-  Hogman,  in  whose  atelier  he  became!  ne- 
per (1H.'S4).  (juainted  with  Rembrandt,  Ruvsdael,  Adriaan 
GREY,  LADV  JANE,  EXECUTION  OF,  van  de  Velde,  and  Lingelbach.  In  1(1(17  ho 
Paul  ItfluriM-hi',  H.  \V.  Eaton, M.  P.,  London;  went  to  London,  where  he  painted  Italian 
canvas.  Beheading  of  Lady  Jane  Grey  in  landscapes  with  ruins,  ami  views  of  tho 
the  Tower  of  London,  February  12,  15~>4.  Thames.  As  the  latter  found  great,  favour, 
She  is  kneeling  upon  the  scaffold  beside  lie  bought  a  vessel  in  lli'.l.">  and  sailed  about, 
the  block,  her  eyes  bandaged,  her  hands  ex-  between  Windsor  and  Grnvesend  in  order 
tended,  while  a  priest  encircles  her  form  to  study  coast,  scenery.  In  1  ('.'.».")  he  sailed 
with  his  arm  and  whispers  consolation  ;  at  for  Rotterdam,  but  was  wrecked  and  !<>>(  all 
right,  the  executioner,  standing,  holding  his  his  property.  Nevertheless,  he  bought  a 
axe;  at  left,  two  women  overwhelmed  with  new  vessel  and  again  cruised  from  place  to 
grief.  Painted  in  1834.  Bought  at  San  Do-  place  to  paint.  In  17*7  he  returned  to 
nato  sale  (1868),  110,000  francs.  Engraved  England,  where  his  pictures  were  greatly 
by  P.  Mercury.— L  'Illustration  (1870),  i.  100.  valued.  Works:  Ruins,  View  of  Windsor 
GRIEF.  See  (Inji-Jf.  Castle,  Hampton  Court  Palace:  Landscape, 
GRIEN  or  GRUN.  See  lial'tiniy.  Fitxwilliam  Museum,  Cambridge  ;  View  on 
GRIEPENKERL,  CHRISTIAN,  born  at  the  Khine  (2),  Louvre,  Paris  ;  do.  Bordeaux 
Oldenburg,  March  17,  18:ii).  History  and  Museum  ;  River  View,  Amsterdam  Museum  ; 
portrait  painter,  pupil  in  Vienna  of  Itnlil  ;  a  Landscapes  (2),  Stuttgart  Gallery  ;  do.  (2), 
masterly  colourist,  with  a  predominant  fancy  Augsburg  Gallery  ;  do.  (2),  Brunswick  Mu- 
for  allegories  ;  executed  decorations  in  the 
Vienna  Opera  House  with  Bitterlich  after  7  — 
Itahl's  compositions,  then  in  1878  in  the  \  /  &  £\  )  F* f~*  I  f- 
Augusteum  at  Oldenburg,  afterwards  in  the  £j s~+f  H— 
Academy  of  Science  nt  Athens,  nnd  in  the  / 
new  Houses  of  Parliament  in  Vienna.  Pro-  Jk'  /~  n  j  ITTt  T  171 Q 
fessor  at  Vienna  Academy  since  1875.1  (J  .  17  AJ  Vf  1  C,JV. 
Works  :  Gixlipus  led  by  Antigone,  Scenes 

from  Anacreon,  Baron  Todesco,  Vienna  ;  seum  ;  Winter  Lnndscnpe  near  Leyden,  with 
Myth  of  Oq)hcus,  Opera  House,  ib.  ;  Coro-  Skaters,  Uotha  Museum  ;  do.  (15),  Dresilen 

175 


GUIFFIER 


Gallery  ;  Soldiers  crossing  a  River,  Stock- 
holm  Museum  ;    Rhine  Views   (2),  Vienna  j 
Museum  ;  Landscape,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg.    His  younger  son,  Jan   (died   about 
1750),  was  noted  as  a  copyist  of  Claude  Lor- 
rain.— Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  hollandaise  ;  Iinnier- 
zeel,    i.    285  ;    Kramm,    ii.    604  ;    Quellen- , 
schriften,  xiv.  425. 

GRIFFIER,  ROBERT,  born  in  London, 
Oct.  7,  1688,  died  there  or  in  Amsterdam  in 
1750.  Dutch  school ;  son  and  pupil  of  Jan 
G rimer,  whom  he  often  surpassed  in  painting 
Rhine  views,  marines,  and  battle  pieces.  He 
had  an  extraordinary  talent  for  imitation,  and 
deceived  even  connoisseurs  with  his  clever ! 
^^  copies  after 

Wo  uwe  r- 
m an,  Van 
de  V  e  1  d  e , 
andSaftLe- 
ven.  Works: 
Landscape,  Amsterdam  Museum  ;  do., 
Darmstadt,  Museum;  do.,  Schwerin  Gallery; 
do.,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg. — Immerzeel, 
i.  296. 

GRIGOLETTI,  MICHEL  ANGIOLO, 
born  at  Rorai-grande  di  Pordenoue,  Aug. 
29,  18(11,  died  in  Venice,  Feb.  10,  1870. 
History  painter,  pupil  of  Venice  Academy.  ! 
Visited  Florence  and  Rome,  and  settled  in , 
Venice,  where  in  1839  he  became  professor 
at  the  Academy.  His  works,  distinguished 
for  their  fine  colouring,  recall  the  old  Ve- 
netian masters.  Works  :  Jupiter  caressing 
Love  (1825)  ;  Last  Interview  of  the  two 
Foscari,  Museum,  Vienna  ;  St.  James  and 
St.  Joseph,  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  ib. ;  Fran- 
ccsca  da  Rimini  ;  Odalisques  at  the  Bath  ; 
Jacob  receiving  Joseph  ;  St.  Paul  preaching 
at  Ephesus  ;  Prodigal  Son  ;  Madonna,  St. 
Anthony's,  Trieste  ;  Christ  on  Sea  of  Galilee, 
Brescia  Cathedral  ;  Altai-pieces  for  Cathe- 
drals of  Erlau  and  Arad,  and  Assumption 
(1846)  for  Cathedral  of  Gran,  Hungary. — 
Wurzbach,  v.  336. 

GRUFF.     See  Gryfff. 
GRIMALDI,  GIOVANNI  FRANCESCO, 
born  at  Bologna  in  1606,  died  in  Rome  in 


1680.  Bolognese  school.  Called  sometimes 
II  Bolognese.  Pupil  of  the  Carracci ;  be- 
came one  of  the  leading  landscape  painters 
of  his  day.  Employed  many  years  in  Rome 
by  different  popes,  and  in  Paris  by  Cardinal 
Mazarin  and  Louis  XFV.  Works  :  Scenes 
from  Old  Testament,  Quirinal,  Rome ;  Series 
of  Landscapes,  Palazzo  Borghese,  ib. ;  Land- 
scapes with  Figures  (2),  Washerwomen, 
Louvre,  Paris ;  Landscapes,  Bibliotheque 
nationals,  ib. ;  do.,  National  Gallery,  Edin- 
burgh ;  Baptism  of  Christ,  Darmstadt  Mu- 
seum.— Lanzi,  iii.  132  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  l5cole  bo- 
lonaise  ;  Burckhardt,  764,  808. 

GRIMANI,  ANTONIO,  Doge,  portrait, 
Titian,  Palazzo  Giustiniani,  Padua  ;  canvas, 
H.  3  ft.  10  in.  x  3  ft.  3  in.  Painted  in  1521; 
in  Titian's  house  till  his  death  ;  sold  in  1581 
by  Pomponio  Vecelli  to  Cristoforo  Barber- 
igo,  and  inherited  by  Count  Giustiniani. 
Another,  painted  same  time,  in  possession 
of  Mr.  De  Rosenberg,  Vienna  ;  and  a  third, 
also  same  date,  in  Morosini-Gattersburg 
Collection,  Vienna. — C.  &  C.,  Titian,  i.  243. 

GRIMANI,  DOGE,  KNEELING  BE- 
FORE FAITH.  See  Fale. 

GRIMER,  ABEL,  born  at  Antwerp  about 
1575,  died  there  before  1619.  Flemish 
school ;  history  and  landscape  painter,  son 
and  pupil  of  Jacob  Grimer  ;  master  of  the 
guild  in  1592.  Works  :  Christ  bearing  the 
Cross  (1593) ;  Skaters  under  the  Bridge  of 
Sint  Jorispoort — Antwerp  (1604),  Th.  van 
Lerius,  Antwerp  ;  Christ  with  Martha  and 
Mary  (1614),  Brussels  Museum.— Van  den 
Branden,  300. 

GRIMER,  JACOB,  born  at  Antwerp  about 
1526,  died  there  before  May,  1590.  Flem- 
ish school ;  landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Ga- 
briel Bouwens,  Matthys  Cock,  and  Christiaan 
van  den  Queeckborne  ;  master  of  the  guild 
in  1547.  One  of  the  best  landscape  painters 
of  his  time.  Works  :  View  of  the  Kiel  at 
Antwerp  (1575),  City  Hall,  Antwerp;  Village 
Kirmess  (1586),  Th.  van  Lerius,  ib.;  Legend 
of  St.  Eustace,  Brussels  Museum  ;  Christ 
and  the  Adulteress,  Ghent  Museum. — Rooses 
(Reber),  116  ;  Van  den  Brauden,  297. 


176 


(iKIMM 


GRIMM,  LUDWIG  EM1L,  bom  at  Ha- 
nau,  May  14,  17'JO,  died  at  Casscl,  April  -I, 
1863.  Histor}',  genre,  auil  portrait  painter, 
pupil  in  Munich  of  Karl  Hess  ;  took  part  in 
the  campaign  of  1814  against  France,  re- 
turned to  Cassel,  and  in  1815  spent  some 
time  in  Munich.  Visited  Italy  in  1810,  and 
then  settled  in  Cassel,  where  he  became 
professor  at  the  Academy  iu  1833.  Works : 
Madonna  (1818) ;  Holy  Family  ;  Baptism"!' 
the  Moors  ;  Death  of  St  Elizabeth  ;  Hessian 
Peasant  Girl  in  Sunday  Attire  ;  Young  Peas- 
ant Girl  going  to  Church  ;  Peasant  Woman 
at  a  Grave  ;  Portraits  of  Artist,  of  Ludwig 
Hasscnpflug,  Baron  von  Dornberg,  Clemens 
Brentano. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  08!)  ;  An- 
drescn,  v.  117. 

GRIMMER,  HANS,  German  school,  10th 
century.  Portrait  painter,  pupil  at  Mont/ 
of  Matthias  Gritnewald.  Works:  Altar  wings, 
Stiiilel  Gallery,  Frankfort  ;  Portraits  (157(1). 
Vienna  Muse- 
um ;  do.,  Rat- 
isbou  Gallery; 
Male  and  Fe- 
male Portrait, 
Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg. — Kugler 
(Crowe),  i.  18K  ;  W.  &,  W.,  ii.  440. 

GRIMOU  (Grimoux,  or  Grimoiul), 
ALEXIS  (Jean '?),  born  at  llomont,  Switzer- 
land, about  1080,  died  in  Paris  about  174(1. 
French  school.  Trained  himself  by  copy- 
ing works  of  Van  Dyck  and  Rembrandt  ; 
painted  mostly  female  half  figures,  repre- 
sented as  singing  or  playing,  or  as  pilgrims. 
Received  into  the  Academy  in  1705,  but 
struck  off  the  list  in  1709  on  account  of  his 
habitual  drunkenness  and  disorderly  life. 
Works:  Portrait  of  Himself  (1724),'  Man 
Drinking  (1724),  Young  Officer  (2),  Female 
Pilgrim  (1729),  Louvre  ;  Mme.  Lebaif,  Ver- 
sailles Museum ;  Portrait  of  Little  Girl, 
Nimes  Museum  ;  Young  Woman,  David 
and  Goliath,  Besauyon  Museum ;  Female 
Portraits  (3),  Avignon  Museum  ;  Capuchin, 
Young  Pilgrim,  Female  Musician,  Bordeaux 
Museum  ;  Head  of  a  Young  Man,  Grenoble 
Museum ;  Portrait  of  an  Architect,  Nantes 


Museum  ;  do.  of  an  Actor,  Orleans  Museum  ; 
Artist's  portrait,  Perpignan  Museum  ;  Girl 
as  Page,  Basle  Museum;  Female  Portraits 
(2,  1731),  Carlsrtihe  Gallery;  Portrait  of 
Young  Man,  Stadel  Gallery,  Frankfort  ;  Boy 
playing  a  Flute,  Dresden  Museum  ;  Por- 
trait of  a  Woman,  Dulwich  Gallery  ;  copy  of 
Murillo's  Good  Shepherd,  Lord  Ellesmere  ; 
Woman  holding  a  Mask,  M.  Furtado  ;  Head 
of  a  Young  Woman,  M.  Adolphe  Fould. — 
licllier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  Oll'.l  ;  Ch.  Blanc, 
Ecole  franeaisc  ;  Lejeune,  Guide,  i.  i'2-  ; 
Mariette,  Abecediiri".  '2. 

GRISWOLD,  C.  C.,  born  in  Ohio  in 
1834.  Landscape  painter,  formerly  had  a 
studio  in  New  York  ;  has  lived  several  years 
in  Home.  Elected  an  A.N.A.  in  1800,  and 
N.A.  in  1807.  Works:  Autumnal  Scene, 
December,  Last  of  the  Ice  (1*01);  Winter 
Morning  (180."));  August  Day  —  Newport 
(1800);  Early  Spring  ( 18011 );  Purgatory 
Point,  Newport,  Seaside  Landscape  (187(1); 
Lago  de  Nemi  (1N74);  Ponte  Nolle;  across 
the  Tiber  (1878),  E.  B.  Haskell  ;  View  on 
the  Hudson,  J.  J.  Astor,  New  York. 

GRITTI,  ANDREA,  Doge,  portrait,  Ti- 
tian, Palax.xo  ( iiustiniani,  Padua  ;  canvas,  H. 
3ft.  Ill  in.  x  3  ft.  3  in.  Painted  in  1524  ;  in 
Titian's  house  until  his  death  ;  sold  in  1581 
by  Pomponio  Vecelli  to  Cristoforo  Barbe- 
rigo  ;  thence  passed  by  inheritance  to  Count 
(Iiustiniani.  Many  replicas  by  Titian  ;  cop- 
ies by  Pordenone  in  C/crnin  Collection,  Vi- 
enna, by  Tintoretto  in  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg, and  by  Rubens,  exhibited  in  Royal 
Academy,  London,  1870. — C.  &  ('.,  Titian, 
i.  2'.t!l  ;  Ridolti,  Maraviglie,  i.  202  ;  Vasari, 
ed.  Mil.,  vii.  43S. 

GROB,  KONRAD,  born  at  Andeltingen, 
Switx.erland,  in  1828.  Genre  painter,  pupil 
of  Munich  Academy  under  Ramberg,  after 
he  had  studied  (1842-45)  the  elements  of 
art  in  Winterthur,  and  spent  many  years  in 
Italy.  Works  :  Captured  Mouse  (1870)  ; 
Italian  Beggar  Children  ;  Painting  a  Peasant 
Girl ;  Painter  on  Study  Trip,  Zurich  Gallery  ; 
Visit  on  the  Ladder  ;  Sunday  Afternoon  in 
Switzerland  ;  Father  Pestalozzi  (1879),  Basle 


177 


G ROGER 


Museum.    Milller,  218;  Kunst-Chronik,  xi. ; 
Zeitschr.,  xii.  (Mittheilungen,  v.  10). 

GROGER,  FRIEDRICH  KARL,  bom  at 

Plocn,  Holstciu,  Oct.  14,  17GO,  died  in  Ham- 
burg, Nov.  9,  1838.  Portrait  painter,  self- 
taught.  In  1789  lie  went  with  Aldcnrath 
to  Berlin,  frequented  the  Academy  for  some 
time,  then  went  to  Hamburg,  and  in  1798 
studied  in  Dresden.  Painted  for  several 
years  in  Kiel  and  Copenhagen,  and  finally 
settled  in  Hamburg.  Works  :  Portrait  of 
the  Artist,  Dresden  Gallery ;  Portraits  of ' 
Man  and  Wife  (1829),  Portrait  of  Pastor 
Klefeker,  do.  of  Aldenrath,  do.  of  himself,  ] 
his  adopted  daughter,  and  Aldenrath  (con- 
jointly with  the  latter),  Kunsthalle,  Ham 
burg  ;  others  in  Liibeek,  Kiel,  Copenhagen 
Galleries. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  708  ;  Weil- 
barh,  218. 

GKOXLAND,  THEUDE,  born  at  Altona, 
Aug.  31,  1817,  died  in  Berlin,  April  1(>, 
1870.  Landscape  and  still-life  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Copenhagen  Academy  ;  lived  then  for 
three  years  in  Italy,  as  long  in  England,  and 
twenty-five  years  in  Paris.  Settled  in  18(i8 
in  Berlin,  where  he  had  many  pupils.  Mem- 
ber of  Copenhagen  Academy.  Medals  : ! 
Paris,  1st  elass,  1848 ;  2d  class,  1855. 
Work,  Fruit-piece,  National  Gallery,  Ber- 
lin. His  son,  Rene,  born  in  Paris,  Oct.  3,  ' 
1849,  painted  similar  subjects. — Weilbach, 
213;  Jordan,  108;  Rosenberg,  Berl.  Mal- 
ersch.,  852. 

GRONVOLD,  MARCUS,  born  at  Bergen, 
Norway,  July  5,  1845.  Portrait  and  genre  ! 
painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen  and  of  Munich 
Academies,  and  studied  from  1870  to  1878  i 
under  Wilhelm  Diez,  Otto  Seitz,  and  Piloty  ; 
won  several  medals,  visited  Italy  in  1874, 
Berlin  and  Diisseldorf  in  187G,  and  Paris  in 
1878  ;  member  of  jury  at  Diisseldorf  Ex- 
hibition in  1880.  Works  :  The  Burgomas- 
ter ;  Consolation  ;  Uninvited  Guests  ;  Poach- 
ers ;  Sunday  Morning  ;  Scene  from  Saga  of 
Wieland  the  Smith,  Cologne  Museum  ;  Por- 
trait of  Knut  Baade.— Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1881), 
i.  41 ;  Miiller,  218  ;  Leixner,  D.  mod.  K,  ii. 
79. 


Italy. 


GROS,  ANTOINE  JEAN,  Baron,  born  in 
Paris,  March  l(j,  1771,  died  there,  June  27, 
1835.  History  and 
portrait  painter, 
son  of  Jean  Antoine, 
miniature  painter, 
and  pupil  of  David  ; 
competed  unsuc- 
cessfully for  the  prix 
de  Rome  in  1792, 
supported  himself  by 
painting  portraits, 
and  in  1793  went  to 
In  179(5  he  was  presented  to  Gen- 
eral Bonaparte  at  Milan,  and  obtained  his 
favour  by  painting  him  on  the  bridge  at 
Areole.  The  General  had  the  picture  en- 
graved by  Longhi,  gave  the  plate  to  Gros, 
appointed  him  review  inspector,  and  put 
him  on  the  commission  charged  to  select 
works  of  art  to  bo  sent  to  France.  In  1799 
he  escaped  from  Genoa  on  an  English  ship, 
arrived  half  dead  at  Antibes,  and  in  1801 
gained  at  Paris  a  competition  prize  for 
a  sketch  of  Battle  of  Nazareth,  an  historical 
picture  never  executed.  Up  to  1812,  he 
painted  battles  of  the  Empire  and  portraits, 
then  was  commissioned  to  paint  the  cupola 
of  St.  Genevieve,  which  he  finished  in  1824, 
when  he  was  ennobled.  In  1815  directed 
the  school  of  David  during  that  painter's 
exile  ;  iu  1810  named  member  of  the  Insti- 
tute, counsellor  of  Royal  Museum,  professor 
of  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts  ;  1819,  Order  of 
San  Michel ;  1828,  L.  of  Honour.  His  por- 
trait of  Charles  X.  (1827),  some  ceilings  at 
the  Louvre,  and  a  Hercules  exhibited  in 
1835,  were  so  severely  criticised  that  Gros 
fell  into  a  state  of  melancholy  and  drowned 
himself.  Between  1S1G  and  1835  he  had 
formed  more  than  four  hundred  pupils. 
Works :  Girl  Bathing  (1791),  Female  Por- 
trait, Besancon  Museum  ;  Female  Portrait 
(1798),  Marseilles  Museum  ;  Battle  of  Naz- 
areth (1801,  sketch),  Nantes  Museum ; 
Plague  of  Jaffa  (1804),  Battlefield  of  Eylau 
(1808),  Francis  I.  and  Charles  V.  visiting  the 
Tombs  in  St.  Denis  (1812),  Louvre,  Paris  ; 


178 


GROS 


Battle  of  Aboukir  (1800),  Capitulation  of 
Madrid,  Battle  of  the  Pyramid*  (1810),  In- 
terview between  Napoleon  and  Emperor  of 
Austria  (1812),  Louis  XVIII.  quitting  the 
Tuileries  in  1815  (1817),  Charles  X.  at  the 
Camp  of  Reims  (1827),  portraits  of  Massena 
and  Duo  do  Belluuo,  Eugene  Beauharnais, 
King  Jerome  (1808),  Marshal  Duroe,  Count 
Daru,  General  Count  Fournier-Sarlovesc 
(1812),  of  himself,  Versailles  Museum  ;  L'm- 
barcation  of  Duchesso  cVAngouleme  (isl'.l), 
Bordeaux  Museum  ;  Venus  and  Cupid  (lls:!2  ), 
Hercules  and  Diomedes  (18:!")),  Portraits  of 
himself  and  Madame  Ciros,  Toulouse  Muse- 
um ;  eleven  miniatures,  Montpellicr  Muse- 
um ;  Portrait  of  Marshal  Duroe,  Nancy 
Museum  ;  Portraits  of  Napoleon,  King  of 
Westphalia,  King  of  Naples,  Louis  XVIII., 
Charles  X.,  and  many  contemporary  persons 


of  note.  —  Delestre,  Gros,  Vie  et  (Euvres  ; 
Bellier  dc  la  Chavignerie,  i.  702  ;  C'li.  Blanc. 
£cole  franeaise  ;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Clus- 
inan  ;  Chesneau,  Chefs  d'Kcolc  (Paris,  18SI5); 
Meyer,  Gesck,  10!)  ;  Kunstblatt  (1N:W),  No. 
71-73. 

GROS,  LUCIEN  ALPHONSE,  born  at 
Wesserling  (Alsace)  ;  contemporary.  Genre 
])ainter,  pupil  of  Meissonier  ;  his  pictures 
an;  well-drawn  and  characteristic.  Medals  : 
18G7  ;  2d  class,  187(5.  Works  :  The  Mis- 
eries of  War  (18713);  The  Arquebusier,  Fish- 
ing with  a  Line,  Cloister  of  St.  Barthelemy 
at  Nice  (1874);  Conspirators  against  Cardi- 
nal Mazarin,  A  Smoker,  House  of  a  Peasant 
near  Nice  (1875);  Sitting  for  a  Portrait 
(187C);  Lying-in-  Wait,  The  Critic  (1878); 
The  Blow  with  the  Spur  (1879);  Pergolese 
in  Vernet's  Studio  (1880);  Two  Philosophers, 
A  Gentleman  (1881);  Maurice  of  Nassau 
(1884). 

GROSCLAUDE,  LOUIS,  born  at  Lode, 
Switzerland,  Sept.  2(5,  1788,  died  in  Paris, 


Deo.  11,  1800.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Hegnault ;  widely  known  through  his  agree- 
ably-composed and  well-coloured  pictures. 
Associate  member  of  the  Berlin  Academy, 
1H27.  Medals  :  :id  class,  18:i5  ;  2d  class, 
ls:iS  ;  1st  class,  LSI")  ;  1st  class  at  Geneva 
and  Brussels.  Works  :  The  Drinkers  (1S27); 
Soap  Bubbles  (1N:W);  Toast  to  the  Vintage 
of  l!S:!4  (1S:{.">);  Military  Salute  (1H:J7);  The 
Little  Breakfast  (1SHS)  ;  Fortune-Teller 
(ls:i'.l);  Three  Gossips  (1841);  Marino  Fali- 
ero  (1S42),  Drinker  <1N40|,  Ncuehatel  Mu- 
seum ;  Magdalen  (184")),  Collection  of  Duke 
of  Treviso  ;  Nonua  (1H1.">);  Saint  Cecilia 
(1S48);  Reading  the  News  of  the  Capture 
of  the  MalakotV,  Two  Little  Friends  (185!>); 
Interior  of  a  Stable  near  Geneva  (IfStiJ); 
Departure  of  the  Enrolled  (IsO'.l),  Mus.'e 
Ratli,  Geneva.  —  Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i. 
70:5. 

CiROSS,  RICHARD,  born  in  Munich  in 
1H48.  Portrait  and  figure  painter ;  taken 
to  America  in  childhood  ;  pupil  of  the  Na 
tional  Academy  schools.  New  York,  and 
studied  in  Munich.  Bronze  medal,  Royal 
Academy,  Bavaria.  Studio  in  Munich  (1SS2). 
Works  :  Savant  ;  Old  Nuremberg  :  Lady  of 
Shalott;  Portrait  of  William  Chambers, 
Lady  of  the  17th  century  (ls7!l);  Initial 
Painter  (1.SS2). 

GROSSE,  FRAN/  THEODOR, 
Dresden,  April  2:i, 
182'.).  History  and 
portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Dresden 
Academy  under 
Bendemann,  whom 
he  assisted  in  the 
decoration  of  the 
Royal  Palace,  and 
then  executed 
paintings  in  the  Dresden  Museum  ;  went  in 
1858  to  Florence,  and  in  185!)  to  Rome, 
where  he  studied  Raphael.  After  his  return 
he  decorated  (1804-71)  the  Loggia  of  the 
Leipsic  Museum  ;  became  professor  at  the 
Dresden  Academy  in  1807.  Works  :  Leda 
with  the  Swan  (1852),  Sketch  for  Curtain  to 


GEOTTGER 

Royal  Theatre,  Dante  and  Virgil  (1879),  Al- '  anil  of  which  he  became  professor  in  1835. 
legories  in  Cupola  and  Venetian  Room  l  In  1839  he  was  made  member  of  the  Milan 
(fresco,  1854),  Dresden  Museum ;  Scenes  Academy.  Works  in  the  Museum,  the 
from  History  of  House  of  Solms  (1850-58),  Academy,  and  Imperial  Library,  Vienna. 
Castle  Wildenfels ;  Abraham  and  the  An-  His  brother,  Karl  Franz  (1803-45),  and  his 
gels  (1862);  Beigu  of  Creative  Power  (1865-  sister,  Katharina  (1807-59),  were  also  able 
71,  fresco),  Lt'ipsic  Museum  ;  Myth  of  Bac-  flower  painters. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  791; 
elms,  cycle  in  fresco  (1877),  Foyer,  New  Wurzbach,  v.  379. 

Theatre,  Dresden  ;  Science,  Plato  and  Aris-  GRUND,  JOHANN,  born  in  Vienna  in 
totle  with  their  Disciples,  Cicero  (1885).  1808.  History  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Frescos :  Aula,  St.  Afra's  School,  Meissen  :  Vienna  Academy,  where  he  obtained  two 
Apollo  and  Marsyas  (1885). — Brockhaus,  first  prizes  ;  went  then  to  Munich,  Diissel- 
viii.  5:55  ;  Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1872),  i.  387  ;  dorf,  and  Paris,  lived  for  some  time  in  Rome, 
(1873),  i.  124  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xx.  700  ;  settled  in  Carlsruhe,  and  afterwards  in 
xxi.  81.  Baden-Baden.  Works  :  Child  and  Guardian 

GROTTGER,  ARTHUR,  born  at  Ottyno-  Angel  (1835)  ;  Hungarian  Tinker  (1838)  ; 
wice,  Galicia,  Nov.  11,  1837,  died  at  Aim-lie-  Bathing  Girl  (1840);  Flight  into  Egypt, 
les-Baius,  Pyrenees,  Doc.  13,  1807.  His-  Italian  Robber  Asleep,  Italian  Woman  and 
tory,  genre,  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  in  Child,  Deborah,  Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Roman 
Vienna  of  Karl  Blaas  ;  painted  many  excel-  Peasant  Woman  playing  with  her  Child 
lent  portraits,  and,  taking  up  political  genre,  (1843),  Vienna  Museum  ;  Invalid  ;  Playing 
attained  renown  through  his  able  and  orig-  Sisters  ;  Girl  going  to  Nunnery  ;  Country 
inal  treatment  of  patriotic  subjects.  Works:  Parson's  Birthday;  Group  of  three  Young 
Meeting  of  John  Sobieski  with  Leopold  I.  Girls  (1853),  Medea  (1855),  Last  Rose  (1805), 
(1859);  Warsaw  in  seven  scenes  (1801);  Fiirstenberg  Gallery,  Donaueschingen  ; 
Poland  iu  nine,  and  Lithuania  in  six  pic-  Young  Smokers  ;  Margaret  in  Prison  ;  Deb- 
tures  (1803) ;  In  the  Valley  of  Tears — thir-  orah  ;  Judith  ;  Hagar  and  Ishmael  ;  Diana  ; 
teen  scenes  (1805). — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  ix.  Esther  ;  Magdalen  ;  Rebekah  at  the  Well 
784;  F.  M.  Aren,  Arth.  Grottger  ;  Brock-  '  (1879)  ;  Ganymede  (1885).— Miiller,  220; 
haus,  viii.  540;  Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1800)—  |  Wurzbach,  v.  398. 
(1807)—;  Wurzbach,  xi.  420.  GRUND,  NORBERT,  born  in  Prague  in 

GROUX,  CHARLES  CORNEILLE  AU-'l714,  died  there  in  1707.  Genre  painter, 
GUSTR  DE,  born  at  Comines,  West  Flan-  pupil  in  Vienna  of  Ferg  ;  travelled  in  Ger- 
ders,  in  1825,  died  March  30,  1870.  His-  many  and  Upper  Italy,  and  returned  in  1741 
tory  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Brussels  to  Prague,  where  he  soon  became  the  favour- 
Academy  under  Navez.  Medal,  1857  ;  Or-  ite  and  the  most  prolific  painter  of  his  time, 
der  of  Leopold,  1800.  Works:  The  Idler;  His  numerous  excellent  pictures,  consisting 
Ash  Wednesday  ;  Tavern-Brawl ;  Last  Fare-  of  battle  scenes,  kirmesses,  pastorals,  and 
well;  Sick  Child  ;  The  Walk  (1855);  Saying  children's  play  scenes,  landscapes,  and  ma- 
Grace,  Brussels  Museum  ;  Protestant  Ser-  rines,  are  in  private  collections  in  Prague 
mon  ;  Death  of  Charles  V. ;  Citizens  of  Ca-  and  in  the  castles  of  the  Bohemian  nobility, 
lais  before  Edward  III.;  Pilgrimage  ;  Alms  ;  A  Rural  Dance,  and  A  Banquet  in  a  Garden, 
Doctor's  Visit ;  Decorations  in  Market  Hall ;  attributed  to  him,  in  the  Dresden  Gallery. — 
at  Ypres.  j  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  34  ;  Wurzbach,  v. 

GRUBER,  FRANZ  XAVER,  born  in  Vi-  397. 
enna,  Sept  28,  1801,  died  there,  April  12,       GRUNDMANN,  OTTO,  born  in  Dresden 


1802.      Flower   painter,    pupil    of   Vienna 


in  1848.     Portrait  and  genre  painter,  stud- 


Academy,   where  he  obtained  four   prizes,    ied  uuder  Professor  Hiibner  and  Van  Lerius, 

180 


GRUXENWALD 


and  in  Dresden,  Antwerp,  Dilsseldorf,  and ' 
Paris.  In  187(i  became  one  of  the  directors 
of  the  Boston  Art  Museum  drawing  and 
painting  schools.  Medal  at  Dresden.  Paints 
chiefly  interiors  with  figures,  especially  fish- 
ermen. Works  :  The  Lorelei  ;  .Scene  from 
Schiller's  Kabale  uiul  Liebc  ;  Portrait  of 
Rev.  Dr.  Waterston  and  of  Franklin. 

GRUXEXWALD,  ALEXAXDER,  born 
in  the  Rosenau,  near  Coburg,  March  22, 
1849.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Munich 
Academy  under  Strahuber,  Anschiit/,  and 
Diez  ;  studied  especially  the  Dutch  masters 
of  genre;  visited  England  in  1875.  Works: 
Meeting  after  Hour-Hunt  (1H75)  ;  End  of 
Card  Game  (187(1)  ;  Lansquenets  at  Dice 
(1877)  ;  Retainer  (1878).- Miiller,  '221. 

GRUXEXWALI),  JAKOB,  born  at  Bilnz- 
wangen,  Wiirteniberg,  Sept.  .'!(),  1821.  His- 
tory and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Stuttgart 
Art  School  under  Dietrich  mid  Xelier;  con- 
tinued  liis  studies  in  Munich,  and  became 
professor  at  the  art-school  of  Stuttgart  in 
1*75.  Works:  Christ  healing  the  Sick; 
Bridal  Couple  at  Grandmother's  ;  Shepherd's 
Keturn  ;  Hail-Storm  (18(55),  Stuttgart  Gal- 
lery ;  Interrupted  Wedding  Procession 
(18(]8)  ;  Return  Home  ;  German  Family  of 
IGth  Century  (18711) ;  Surprised  Gypsies  ; 
Battle  of  Sendling  (fresco,  18(J.'{),  Xational 
Museum,  Munich. — Brockhaus,  viii.  572  ; 
Kunst-Chroiiik,  xiv.  78  ;  Miiller,  221. 

GRUXEWALD,  MATTHIAS,  born  at 
Aschaffenburg,  died  there  after  1520.  Ger- | 
man  school  ;  history  painter,  one  of  the 
great  masters,  styled  by  Sandrart  the  Ger- 
man Correggio,  with  whose  works  his  show 
ft  striking  affinity;  lived  in  his  native  town 
nnd  in  Mentx.  the  greater  part  of  his  life, 
but  called  by  contemporaries  Matthes  von 
Aschaffenburg.  Works  :  Altar  of  Isen- 
heim,  Colnmr  Museum  ;  St.  Lawrence,  St. 
Cyriac,  Frankfort  Museum  ;  Conversion  of 
St.  Maurice,  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ; 
Resurrection,  Basle  Museum  (lately  con- 
tested); St.  Anthony,  Cologne  Museum  ; 
Crucifixion,  Schleissheim  Gallery  ;  Last 
Judgment,  Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg  ; 


several  (recently  verified),  Vienna  Museum. 
— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  52  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole 
allemande  ;  Dohme,  li. ;  Forster,  Denkmale. 
VIII.  iii.  11  ;  Kunstblatt  (1841),  104  ;  (181(1). 
152,  48  ;  Kunst-Clironik,  xv.  (!:!:{  ;  xvi.  721  ; 
Repertorium  f.  K.,  i.  411  ;  vii.  l:M,  245; 
\Volt  inanii.  D.  Kunst  i.  Elsass,  217  ;  W.  \ 
W.,  ii.  4:i<;  ;  /eitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  i.  257:  vi. 
l:(8;  viii.  321. 

GRl'SS,  AXTOX,  born  at  Schaab,  Boln- 
mia,  in  18114,  died  in  Vienna  in  1872.  His- 
tory painter,  pupil  of  Prague  Academy 
under  Kadlik  ;  became  director  nf  the  Har- 
rach  Gallery  in  Vienna.  Works:  St.  Alov- 
siusdSIW)  ;  St.  IVterandSt.  Paul  ;  Mad.m- 
na  ;  St.  Wenccslaiis  ;  Last  .ludgment  ;  Faith, 
Hope,  and  Love.  —  Allgem.  d.  Miogr.,  x.  (>(!. 

GIU'SS,  JOHAXN.  born  at  Schaab,  Bo- 
hemia, Nov.  22,  17'.)(l,  died  iii  Leitmerit/.. 
Aug.  8,  1855.  History  painter,  pupil  of 
Prague  Academy  ;  perfected  himself  by 
copying  in  tlie  I  Vague  and  Dresden  Gal- 
leries.  Works:  Great  Altai-piece,  Stadt- 
kirclie,  Reichstailt  ;  St.  Philomena  ;  St.  Ce- 
cilia.— Allgem.  d.  Hiogr.,  x.  (>7. 

GRiT/XKR,  KIH'AUI),  born  at  Gross 
Carlowitx,  Sile- 
sia, Ma  y  2  (>. 
184(5.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  of 
Munich  Acad- 
emy and  of  Pi- 
li  >tv  ;  d  e voted 
himself  to  hu- 
mourous genre, 
and  at  once  at- 
tained great  suc- 
cess with  his  scenes  from  Shakespeare.  After- 
wards the  amusing  sides  of  monastic  and 
hunting  life  became  his  principal  themes. 
Professor  at  the  Munich  Academy.  Gold 
medal,  Berlin,  1872.  Honorary  Member 
of  Munich  Academy,  1885.  Works :  The 
Seven  Arts  ;  In  the  Convent  Cellar;  Tasting 
Wine  ;  Sleepless  Xight  ;  Falsluft'  at  the  Inn 
(180SI)  ;  Tippling  Scene  from  Ivanhoe  ;  Fal- 
staff  reviewing  his  Recruits  ;  FalstalV  and 
Companions  in  Woods  (1870) ;  Scene  from 


181 


GEYEFF 

As  You  Like  It ;  Scene  in  the  Wardrobe,  I  York  ;  Rabbits  and  Fowl,  Mrs.  Joseph  Har- 
Scene  from  Merry  Wives,  Mephistopheles  rison,  Philadelphia.  —  Van  den  Brandeu, 
behind  the  Scene,  Unmistakable  Defeat  HOG. 

(1873)  ;  Capuchin  mending  his  Cowl  ;  Dif- !  GSELLHOFER,  KARL,  born  in  Vienna, 
ficult  Choice  ;  Ekkehard  and  the  Cellarer  ;  Oct.  28,  1779,  died  there,  May  17,  1858. 
Hunter's  Cant  (1874)  ;  Convent  Brewery  ;  History,  portrait,  landscape,  and  miniature 
Once  and  Now  (1877)  ;  Humourous  Reading  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna  Academy  under 
in  Convent  Library  (1879);  Art  Amateur  in  Fuger;  became  professor  there  in  1819.  Many 
Curiosity  Shop,  Sunday  Hunter  (1880)  ;  of  his  landscapes  are  in  the  collections  of 
Siesta  in  the  Monastery,  Bright  as  Gold  the  Imperial  family. — Wurzbach,  v.  403. 
(1881);  Peasant  Theatre  (1882);  Tavern  GUARDI,  FRANCESCO,  born  in  Venice 
Scene  (1883);  Monastic  Hospitality,  Sile-  in  1712,  died  in  1793.  Venetian  school; 
siiiu  Tipplei-  and  the  Devil  (1884)  ;  The  :  architecture  and  landscape  painter,  pupil 
Convent  Pike,  In  the  Liquor  Shop,  Game  |  and  imitator  of  Canaletto  ;  painted  many 
of  Tarock,  Faust  in  Auerbach's  Cellar  (1885);  i  views  of  Venice,  which,  though  less  precise 
Abbe's  Weakness,  Testing  Wines,  John  D.  in  perspective  and  architectural  detail  than 
Lankenau,  Philadelphia. — Brockhaus,  viii.  ,  those  of  his  master,  are  charming  in  style 
578  ;  Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1874),  i.  371  ;  ii.  190  ;  and  execution.  Works:  View  of  Venice,  S. 
(1878),  i.  7,  13;  ii.  285;  (1881),  ii.  308  ;,  M.  de  la  Salute,  Fete  of  Corpus  Domini, 
(1882),  ii.  !),  008  ;  (1884),  i.  479  ;  Deutsche  ,  Fete  of  Jeudi  Gras,  Procession  of  Doge  to 
illustr.  Zeitg.  (1885),  i.  98  ;  Die  Kuust  fur  S.  Zaccaria,  Grand  Hall  in  Palazzo  Ducale, 
Alle,  i.  75  ;  Ktinst-Chronik,  v.  122  ;  ix.  240;  ,  Louvre,  Paris;  Isle  of  S.  Giorgio,  Museo 
x.  475;  xix.  4.SO  ;  xx.  744;  Muller,  222  ;  Civico,  Venice;  Views  (2)  in  Venice,  Verona 
Zeitsehr.  f.  b.  K.,  viii.  121;  x.  31.  |  Museum  ;  Views  in  Venice  (3),  Bergamo 

GHYEFF  (Grief,  Grijff),  ADRIAAN  DE,  Gallery;  Grand  Canal,  Fondaco  dei  Tedes- 
born  at  Antwerp  (?)  in  1070  (?),  died  at  Brus-  chi,  Modeiia  Museum;  Interior  of  S.  Marco, 
sels  (?)  in  1715.  Flemish  school ;  landscape,  Brussels  Museum;  Views  (2)  in  Venice, 
animal,  and  still-life  painter  in  the  manner  Nantes  Museum  ;  do.  (4),  Berlin  Museum  ; 
of  Jan  Fyt.  There  is  no  evidence  of  his  View  in  Venice,  Church  and  Piazza  of  S. 
birth  at  Antwerp,  where  he  appears  first  in  Marco,  National  Gallery,  London  ;  View  on 
1GS9,  when  married  ;  seems  to  have  lived  at  the  Grand  Canal,  Seven  Views  of  Venice, 
Brussels  until  1G92,  then  settled  at  Ant-  Bridgewater  Gallery,  ib. ;  Church  on  Grand 
werp,  where  he  entered  the  guild  in  1099.  Canal,  South  Kensington  Museum,  ib. ; 
Said  to  have  afterwards  returned  to  Brus-  Views  in  Venice,  Fitzwilliam  Museum,  Cam- 
sels.  Works  :  Landscape  with  Dead  Game,  bridge  ;  Church  of  San  Giorgio,  Piazetta  of 
Huntsman  and  Dogs,  Louvre,  Paris;  Dead  '  San  Marco,  Glasgow  Gallery;  The  Doge's 
Birds,  Fruits  and  Vegetables,  Lille  Muse-  j  State  Barge,  Na- 

u m  ;  Poultry,  Dead  Game,  Cherbourg  Mu-       /^  f  _   t  tional  Gallery, 

scum  ;  Dead  Game  (2),  Rouen  Museum  ;  /  (-  H^GL^sCs*  Dublin  ;  The  Ri- 
Hares  and  Partridges,  Dijon  Museum;  Dogs  *j  alto,  Santa  Maria 

and  Dead  Game  (3),  Basle  Museum  ;  Laud-     *+S  della   Salute- 

scapes     with     Dead   Venice,  New YorkMuseum. — Seguier;  Wurz- 
Game  and  Dogs  (2),   bach,  vi.  7. 

Poultry  Yards  (2),  GUARIENTO  DA  PADUA,  14th  century 
Hermitage,  S  t.  !  (1316-75).  Venetian  school.  He  painted 
Petersburg;  Allegory  frescos  in  the  Eremitani,  Padua,  which, 
on  War  and  Peace,  New  York  Museum  ; ,  though  much  repainted,  show  that  he  in- 
Dogs  and  Game,  Historical  Society,  New  herited  the  Byzantine  manner  of  the  prede- 


GTASTA 


eessors  of  Cimahnc  and  Giotto.  Ho  was  the 
first  to  adorn  the  Sala  del  (Iran  C'onsiglio, 
Venice,  in  1365,  with  a  Paradise,  afterward 
replaced  by  Tintoretto.  A  Crucifixion  bv 
Lini  is  in  the  Pinacoteca,  Bassano,  and  fres- 
cos in  the  choir  of  the  Eremitani,  Padua. — 
C.  A:  C.,  Italy,  ii.  252  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Lo  Mon., 
vi.  86 ;  xi.  833,  X.  3  ;  Ridolti,  Le  Maraviglie 
dell' Arte  ( Venice,  1(5  48),  27 ;  Burckhardt ,  5-2 1 . 

GUASTA,  BEXVENUTO  1)1  GIOVAN- 
XI  DI  MEO  DEL,  died  in  1517  (V).  Si,  n- 
ese  school.  Described  in  a  record  of  1455 
as  employed  in  the  baptistery  of  S.  Gio- 
vanni, Siena,  but  his  first  extant  picture, 
(14<>(i)  is  the  Annunciation  in  S.  Girolaiuo, 
Volterra.  Its  counterpart  is  in  the.  sacristy 
of  SS.  Piero  e  Paulo  at  Buonconvento. 
Other  of  his  pictures  are  in  the  Siena  Acad- 
emy, and  in  churches  there.  His  hard  and 
precise  style  somewhat  resembles  that  of  II 
Veccbietta. — C.  A:.  C.,  Italy,  iii.  70  ;  Vasari, 
ed.  Le  Mon.,  iv.  163  ;  xi.  173  ;  xii.  S5 ;  Liib- 
ke,  Gesch.  ital.  Mai.,  i.  385. 

GUASTO,  MARQUIS  DEL.     See  Jra/,,s. 

GUAY,  GABRIEL,  born  in  Paris  ;  con- 
temporary. Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Gerome 
and  of  Lequien.  Medal,  3d  class,  1878. 
AVorks  :  I'lysses  suspended  over  Charybdis 
(1873)  ;  Slumber,  After  the  Ball  (1874)  ;  In 
Carnival,  Incorruptible  (187t!)  ;  In  the  ab- 
sence of  the  Master,  Latona  and  the  Peas- 
ants (1877)  ;  The  Levitcof  Ephraim  (1878); 
The  Tallianuni  during  the  Persecution 
(1880) ;  Mater  Amabilis,  Souvenir  de  Vcules 
(1881)  ;  La  Source,  Cosette  (1882)  ;  Father 
Rabu,  Mother  Race  (1884)  ;  The  Wounded 
Dove  (1885)  ;  Birth  of  Spring,  Mrs.  1).  D. 
Colton,  San  Francisco. 

GUDE,  HAXS  FREDRIK,  born  in  Chris- 
tiania,  March  13,  1825.  Landscape  and  mar- 
ine painter,  pupil  of  Andreas  Achenbach, 
and  of  Ddsseldorf  Academy  under  Scliir- 
mer;  visited  Norway  in  1843-46,  lived  in 
Christiania  in  1848-50,  became  professor  at 
the  Dilsseldorf  Academy  in  1854  ;  went  to 
England  in  1862,  and  to  Carlsruho  in  1864 
as  professor  at  the  art-school.  Since  1880, 
professor  at  Berlin  Academy.  Member  of  Am- 


sterdam, Rotterdam,  Stockholm.  Berlin,  and 
Vienna  Academies.  Great  gold  medal  in 
Berlin  (1  852  and 
18IJO)  and  Weimar 
(1861).  Medal,  Paris, 
•2d  class,  1855,  1861, 
1SI>7.  Numerous  Or- 
ders. Works:  Hijjh 
Plain  with  Reindeer 
(1847);  Bridal  Pro- 
cession on  Hardan- 
ger  Fjord  (1848)  ; 
Birch  Wood  (1848),  Christiania  Gallery; 
Four  landscapes  from  S<>gne  (18411-50),  ()s- 
carshall,  near  Christiania  ;  Night-Fishing  in 
Norway  (1851);  Mountainous  Landscape 
with  Pine  Wood  (18.V2I;  Funeral  in  Sogne 
Fjord,  Lledr  Valley  in  Wales,  Stockholm 
Museum;  Norwegian  Mountains;  Mountain 
Shepherdesses  with  Herd;  Fishermen  in 
Evening  Landscape;  Summer  Evening  on 
Norwegian  Lake  (1851,  figures  by  Tidc- 
niand),  Norwegian  Coast  (l87di.  National 
Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Cliristiania  Fjord  (1S57), 
Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Norwegian  Harbour 
of  Refuge  (1873),  Bremen  Gallery;  do., 
Carlsruhe  Gallery;  Calm-Sea,  Cologne  Mu- 
seum ;  do.,  Stuttgart  Gallery  ;  Cliiem  Lake, 
Vienna  Academy  ;  Harbour  of  Cliristiania  ; 
Pilot-Houso  on  Norwegian  Coast  ;  View  on 
Nether  Rhine;  Scotch  Landscape  (1878). — 
Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1882),  i.  387  ;  Kunst-ChroniK, 
v.  124  ;  W.  Miiller,  Diisseldf.  K.,  311,  343  ; 
Wiegniann,  388;  Zeitschr.,  vi.  17(i  ;  xvi.  151; 
xxi.  40. 

GUDIX,  (JEAN  AXTOINE)  THEO- 
DORE, born  in  Paris, 
Aug.  15,  18()'_',  died  at 
Boulogne -sur-Sei  ne, 
April  11,  1880.  Marine 
painter,  pupil  of  Girodet- 
Trioson,  but  soon  aban- 
doned his  style.  His 
early  and  best  pictures, 
landscapes,  and  marines, 
are  fine  in  colour  and 
bold  in  execution,  but  the 
later  are  tamo  and  conventional  in  style. 


183 


GUELDRY 

He  was  marine  painter  to  the  court  under  to  Cento  in  1G23,  and  in  1G42  established 
Louis  Philippe  and  Napoleon  III.  Medals  :  himself  in  Bologna.  His  house  in  Cento, 
2d  class,  1824  ;  1st  class,  1848,  1855;  L.  of  Casa  di  Guercino, 
Honour,  1828;  Ofiicer,  1841;  Commander,  contains  many  of  his 
1855.  AVorks:  Return  of  the  Fishermen,  works  ;  others  are 
Burning  of  the  Kent  (1827)  ;  Rescue  of  the  in  the  Church  del 
Passengers  of  the  Colomb,  Frigate  Siren  in  Ilosario.  His  statue 
a  Gale,  Explosion  of  the  Emperor's  Fort  at  by  Galletti  is  in  the 
Algiers,  A'iew  of  Constantinople  looking  to-  Piazza.  Guercino  . 
ward  Pera,  A'ieu-  of  Saleuelles  at  the  Mouth  painted  at  first  in 
of  the  Orne,  Schooner  Hazard  captured  by  the  manner  of  the 
Boarding  (1830  to  1840)  ;  On  the  Shore  of  Carracci,  but  after- 

the  Channel,  Evening  on  the  Shore  of  the  '  ward  inclined  to  imitate  Caravaggio,  and  a 
North  Sea  (187!)),  Sunrise  on  the  lie  de  few  of  his  latest  works  approach  the  man- 
Bourbon,  Sun  rising  over  Vesuvius  (1880)  ;  nor  of  Guido  ;  but  he  is  very  unequal,  and 
Sixty  Marines  (1838-55),  A'ersailles  Muse-  some  of  his  pictures  are  crude  and  marked 
urn  ;  A'iew  of  Havre,  Avignon  Museum  ;  De-  by  an  insipid  mannerism.  His  masterpiece 
votion  of  Captain  Desse,  Bordeaux  Museum  ;  is  St.  PetronUla  raised  from  the  Tomb,  Cap- 
Others  in  Nantes,  Perpignan,  and  Rodez  itoline  Gallery,  Rome.  AVorks  :  Investiture 
Museums  ;  Coast  Scene,  Brussels  Museum  ;  of  St.  Guglielmo  (1G20),  St.  John  Evangelist, 
Fishermen  on  the  Beach,  Kunsthalle,  Ham-  \  Death  of  St.  Peter  Martyr,  A'ision  of  St. 
burg  ;  A'iew  on  French  Coast  (182(5),  I  Jiruno  in  the  Desert,  Bologna  Gallery  ;  St. 
Schwerin  Gallery  ;  Coast  of  Brittany  (1844),  j  Sebastian  (2),  Madonna  della  Rondinella, 
Smugglers  on  Coast  of  Biscay  (1845),  Na-  Apollo  and  Marsyas,  St.  Peter  raising  Ta- 
tional  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Coast  Scene  (1839),  bitha,  Moses,  St.  Peter,  Susanna  at  the 
Storm  at  Sea  (1843),  Ravene  Gallery,  ib. ;  Bath,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence  ;  Samian  Sibyl 
Shipwreck  on  Coast  of  Genoa  (1837),  Agi-  1G51),  Endymion,  Uffizi,  ib.  ;  Dying  Clco- 
tated  Sea  (1839),  Leipsie  Museum  ;  Naval  pntra,  Death  of  Cato,  Holy  Family,  Palazzo 
Battle  in  Time  of  Louis  XIV.  (1852),  Dres-  Brignoli-Sale,  Genoa  ;  Mutius  Sctcvola,  Pa- 
den  Gallery  ;  Agitated  Sea  with  Vessels,  lazzo  Palavicini,  ib.  ;  Andromeda,  Death 
Kasle  Museum. — Art  Journal  (1880),  300;  of  Cleopatra,  Palazzo  Balbi,  ib.  ;  Dismis- 
Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  70G  ;  Kunst- '  sal  of  Hayar,  Brera,  Milan  ;  May<lal<'»,  Mar- 
Chronik,  xv.  450  ;  Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1880),  i.  37.  ,  riage  of  St.  Catherine,  Deposition,  Naples 

GUELDRY,  JOSEPH  FERDINAND,  Museum;  Mater  Dolorosa,  Return  of  the 
Genre  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Gerome;  Prodigal,  Palazzo  Borghese,  Rome  ;  Persian 
member  of  Inst.  Medal,  3d  class,  1885.  AVorks:  Sibyl,  St.  Petroitilla,  Cleopatra  and  Octavius, 
Regatta  at  Joinvillc  (1881);  Arrival  from.  John  Baptist,  Capitol  Gallery,  ib.  ;  Au- 
Cruise  (1882)  ;  Ferry-man  at  Bry-sur-Marne  ,  rora,  Fame  with  Force  and  Virtue,  Palazzo 
(1883) ;  On  the  Bluff  (1884);  Foundry  (1885).  I  Ludovisi,  ib.  ;  Christ  at  the  Well,  Ecce 

GUERCIXO,  IL,  born  at  Cento,  Feb.  8,  Homo,  St.  Jerome,  Palazzo  Corsini,  ib.  ; 
1591,  died  in  Bologna,  Dec.  22,  1GGG.  Bo-  Death  of  Dido,  Palazzo  Spada,  ib. ;  In- 
logncse  school.  Real  name  Giovanni  Fran-  credulity  of  St.  Thomas,  St.  Margaret  of  Cor- 
cesco  Barbieri,  but  called  Guercino  because  tona,  Maydalen,  Vatican,  ib.  ;  Martyrdom 
he  squinted.  Son  of  a  peasant  and  mostly  of  St.  Peter,  Mars,  Venus  and  Cupid,  Mo- 
self-taught,  but  studied  the  works  of  the  dena  Gallery  ;  Ecce  Homo,  St.  Francis  of 
Carracci ;  afterward  studied  under  Bene-  [  Assisi,  St  Jerome,  St.  Elizabeth  Queen  of 
detto  Gennari  and  later  in  Venice  and  Bo-  Hungary,  St.  James,  St.  Frances,  Return  of 
logna.  AVent  to  Rome  in  1621,  returned  Prodigal,  and  others,  Turin  Gallery  ;  Ma- 

184 


CHTKRIN 


donna  and  Saints,  Brussels  Museum  ;  ?'«•/<».>• 
and  Adonis  (2),  Birth  of  Adonis,  C<'i>hnlux 
and  Procris,  Diana,  Seiniramis,  Durinda 
Wounded,  Lot  and  his  Daughters,  Holy 
Family,  and  others,  Dresden  Museum  ; 
Christ  crowned  with  Thorns,  Madonna,  Old 
Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Prodigal  Son,  Return 
of  Prodigal,  St.  John  in  the  Desert,  Sol- 
dier counting  Money,  Museum,  Vienna  ; 
Saint  and  Angel,  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  il>. ; 
IjiA  and  his  Daughters,  Madonna,  Raising 
of  Ijazani*,  Naluine  receiving  Head  of  John 
Baptist,  Vision  of  St.  Jir»n«;  SS.  Benedict 
and  Francis  of  Assisi,  Madnniia  with  Patron 
Saints  of  Modena,  Jfrrsiliu  separating  Rom- 
ulus and  Tatius,  C'iri'i',  St.  Ci'cilia,  John 
Baptist,  Portrait  of  Guercino,  Louvre,  Paris  ; 
St.  Peter  in  Prison,  Susanna  at  the  Bath,  St. 
Augustin,  Magdalen,  Allegory  on  Painting, 
Diana,  Disinterested  Love,  Madrid  Museum  ; 
Angels  weeping  over  Dead  Christ,  National 
Gallery,  London;  Beatrice  Cfnci,  Bridge- 
water  House,  ib. ;  St.  Cecilia,  Dulwich  Gal- 
lery ;  Assump- 
tion, Martyrdom 
of  St.  Calherini; 
St.  Jerome,  Her- 
mitage, St.  Pe- 
tersburg. —  Cal- 
vi,  Life  (Bologna,  1808) ;  Malvasia,  ii.  250  ; 
Lanzi,  iii.  108  ;  Cli.  Blanc,  Eeole  bolonaise  ; 
Dohme,  2iii. ;  Meyer,  Kflnst.  Lex.,  iii.  1. 

GUERIN,  (JEAN  BAPTISTE)  PAULIN, 
l>orn  in  Toulon,  March  25,  1783,  died  in 
Paris,  Jan.  1!),  1855.  French  school  ;  his- 
tory and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Vincent. 
His  pictures  are  heavy  in  style,  though  good 
in  colour.  Medal  in  1817  ;  L.  of  Honour, 
1822  ;  professor,  same  year.  Works  :  Cain 
after  Murder  of  Abel  (1812);  Christ  Dead 
(1817),  Catholic  Church  in  Baltimore  ;  Christ 
on  the  Virgin's  Knees  (1819);  Anchises  and 
Venus  (1822);  Ulysses  resisting  the  Attacks 
of  Poseidon  (1824),  Rennes  Museum  ;  Adam 
and  Eve  expelled  from  Paradise  ( 1827) ;  Holy 
Family  (1829),  Toulon  Cathedral ;  Death  of 
Christ,  Church  of  Noailles  ;  Chevalier  Rose 
during  the  Plague  at  Marseilles  ( 1834) ;  St. 


•  f  Car- 

I'elelis 

(1882); 


Catherine  (1838),  St.  Iloch,  Paris;  Re  very, 
Conversion  of  St.  Augustine  (1844);  Ann  of 
Austria,  Regent,  Portraits  of  Marshals  Roche- 
fort,  Roquelaure,  and  Duke  de  Chatillon, 
Versailles  Museum. — Bellier  de  la  Cliavig- 
nerie,  i.  714. 

GUERIN,  JEAN  MICHEL  PROSPER, 
born  in  Paris,  March  23,  1K3H.  History 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  H.  Flaiulriti, 
Dumas,  and  G'ornu.  Medal,  18U7.  Works: 
Before  the  Feast,  of  Bacchus  (1S(;.">);  Hagar, 
The  Refuge  (1SC7);  Pieta  ( 18C8) ;  St.  Cecilia 
dying  hears  a  (,'rlestial  Concert  (isii'.li;  Tlie 
Danaiiles  (ISTli);  Tlie  Golden  Age  (1*77); 
St.  Mary  of  Egypt  (1878);  Souvenir 
nival  (187!>);  Love  of  Thetis  and 
(1880);  Ugolino  and  his  Children 
St.  Agnes  (1885). 

GUKRIN,  PIERRE  NARCISSE,  Baron, 
born  in  Paris.  Mav 
13,  1774,  died  in 
Rome,  July  1(1, 
1833.  French 
school;  gen  re 
painter,  pupil  of 
Regnault ;  became 
one  of  the  most 
successful  paint- 
ers of  his  day, 
and  had  among 
liis  pupils  Gericault,  Sigalon,  Delacroix,  and 
Ary  Sehefter.  His  pictures,  though  masterly 
in  technique,  and  correct  in  drawing,  are 
treated  in  a  somewhat  cold  and  stitt'stxle. 
Guerin  won  the  grand  prix  de  Rome  in 
171)7.  L.  of  Honour,  1803  ;  Order  of  St. 
Michael,  1819  ;  was  made  Member  of  Insti- 
tute same  year  ;  appointed  director  of  the 
French  Academy  in  Rome,  1822  ;  Baron, 
1829;  Officer  of  the  L.  of  Honour,  1832. 
Works:  Offering  to  ,f>W(/y>n<.<  (1795), 
Louvre,  Paris  ;  Murder  of  Geta,  Coriolnnus 
and  the  Body  of  Brutus  (1791!);  Death  of 
Onto  (1797);  Return  of  Marcus  Scxtus  (1799), 
Louvre  ;  Oqiheus  weeping  over  the  Grave 
of  Eurydice  (1801);  Phffidra  and  Hipjx>- 
lytus  (1802),  Louvre  ;  Replica  in  Bordeaux 
Museum  ;  Napoleou  pardoning  the  Rebels 


, 


I-:, 


GUESNET 


in  Cairo  (180P>),  Versailles  Museum  ;  Andro- 
mach<-  and  Pyrrhus  (1810),  Louvre,  Replica 
in  Bordeaux  Museum  ;  Cephalus  and  Au- 
rora (1810)  ;  Dido  listening  to  Story  of 
Awms  (1817),  Louvre  ;  Clytemnextra  urged 
by  Egisthus  to  murder  Agamemnon  (1817), 
Louvre  ;  Murder  of  Priam,  St.  Louis  ren- 
dering Justice,  Angers  Museum  ;  Death  of 
Marshal  Lannes  in  Battle  of  Essling,  Valen- 
ciennes Museum  ;  Portrait  of  Henri  do  la 


liochejacqueliii  (1817).  —  Bellicr  de  la  Cha- 
vignerie,  i.  71-t  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Keole  franyaiso  ; 
Larousso  ;  Leuormant,  B.  Arts  et  Voyages, 
i.  142  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  125. 

GUESNET,  LOUIS  FfcLIX,  born  at 
Fitz-James  (Oise),  April  27,  1843.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  of  Laiuothe.  Medals  :  2d 
class,  1872  ;  1st  class,  1873.  Works  :  Ma- 
zeppa  (1872);  Roland  at  lloncevalles  (1873); 
Barbarians  in  a  Roman  Villa  (1875)  ;  Hunt- 
ing (1882). 

GUET,  CHARLEMAGNE  OSCAR,  born 
in  Meaux  (Seine-et-Marne),  Jan.  24,  1801, 
died  in  Paris,  Nov.  2!),  1871.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Hersent  and  of  Horace  Vernet.  He 
gathered  his  subjects  from  many  countries, 
and  exhibited  regularly  from  1819  to  1850. 
Medals  :  2d  class,  1822  and  1831  ;  1st  class, 
1839  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1846.  Works  :  Cui- 
rassiers of  the  Guard  (1822);  Little  Organ- 
Player  ;  Soldier's  Return  ;  Military  Stable  ; 
Oyster-Bed  at  Grandville  ;  Fishermen  of 
Grandville  and  Cancale  ;  A  Barbarism  ; 
Trout-Fishing  ;  Pluck  the  Rose  in  the 
Morning  of  Life  ;  The  Panniers,  Marino 
Faliero  and  Helena  ;  Norman  and  Breton 
Sailors  ;  Sick  Child  ;  Phoebus  and  Mine. 
Gondelaurier  ;  Phcebus  and  Esmeralda  with 
Falourdel  ;  Return  from  the  Fields  ;  Return 
from  Market  ;  The  Fountain  ;  Mother's 
Caresses  ;  Preparing  for  the  Ball  ;  Mag- 
nolia ;  Woman  Bathing  ;  Revery,  Coming 
from  the  Bath.  —  Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie, 
i.  717. 


GUEVARA,  JUAN  NIXO  DE,  born  at 
Madrid  in  1632,  died  at  Malaga  in  1698. 
History  painter,  pupil  of  Miguel  Manrique 
and  of  Alonso  Cano.  His  works  in  Malaga, 
Granada,  and  Cordova  have  been  compared 
to  those  of  Van  Dyck. 

GUFFENS,  GODFROID,  born  atHasselt, 
Limburg,  July  23,  1823.  History  painter, 
pupil  of  Antwerp  Academy  tinder  Nicaise  de 
Keyser,  then  with  his  fellow-student  Jan 
Swerts  visited  Paris  in  1847,  the  art  centres 
of  Germany  in  1850,  and  Italy  in  1850-52. 
After  their  return  they  worked  conjoin tly  un- 
til 1874,  when  Swerts  became  director  of  the 
Prague  Academy.  In  1858  they  were  sent 
by  the  government  to  Munich,  to  report  on 
the  first  great  German  Art  exhibition,  which 
caused  the  exhibition  in  Brussels  in  1859  of 
cartoons  by  Cornelius,  Kaulbach,  Schwind, 
etc.,  greatly  influencing  Belgian  art.  Hon- 
orary member  of  Munich,  Dresden  (1859), 
and  Amsterdam  (1861)  Academies,  of  Ger- 
man Art  Union  (1859);  corresponding  mem- 
ber of  Institut  de  France  (1873);  member 
of  Brussels  (1876)  and  Antwerp  (1880) 
Academics.  Gold  medals,  Brussels,  1848, 
1851  ;  Order  of  Leopold,  1855 ;  Officer, 
1869  ;  Baden  Order  of  Ziihringer  Lion, 
1860  ;  Order  of  Oaken  Crown,  1861  ;  Wei- 
mar Order  of  White  Falcon,  1865  ;  Papal 
Order  of  Gregory,  1871  ;  Order  of  Francis 
Joseph,  1875.  Removed  from  Antwerp  to 
Brussels  in  1871.  Works  :  Galileo  in  Pris- 
on ;  Coronation  of  Virgin  ;  Count  van  Looz 
granting  Community  of  Hasselt  the  Privi- 
lege of  City  ;  Scene  from  Destruction  of 
Pompeii  ;  Prayer  of  the  Three  Sisters  ;  Im- 
prisoned Blanca  von  Felsenstein  in  Prayer  ; 
Christ  allaying  the  Storm  ;  Hymnus  Mysti- 
cus  ;  Lucretia  and  her  Women  ;  Pausias 
and  Glycera  ;  Eouget  de  Lisle  singing  the 
Marseillaise  for  the  First  Time,  Pennsylvania 
Academy,  Philadelphia  ;  Julia  and  her  Moth- 
er ;  Return  from  Holy  Sepulchre,  Altarpiece 
with  Madonna  and  Saints  ;  Portraits.  Fres- 
cos :  Seven  Sorrows  of  the  Virgin  (1855-70), 
Notre  Dame  at  St.  Nicolas,  near  Antwerp  ; 
Scenes  from  Life  of  Christ  (1859-71),  St. 


186 


GCGEL 


George's,  Antwerp  ;  Episodes  in  History  of 
Flanders  (1861-69),  Town  Hall,  Ypern  ; 
Christ  and  Two  Angels  (1870),  luce  Blun- 
dell  Hall,  near  Liverpool  ;  Scenes  from 
Local  History  (1873-73),  Town  Hull,  Cour- 
tray  ;  Fall  of  Mini,  Redemption,  Baptism  of 
Christ  (1879),  St.  Quentin's,  Hasselt  ;  Sacri- 
fice of  Melchisedek,  Last  Supper,  Entry 
with  the  Ark  of  the  Covenant  into  Jerusa- 
lem, Procession  of  Corpus  Christi  (1NM), 
St.  Joseph's,  Louvain. — Midler,  223  ;  Rie- 
gel,  Wandmalerei  in  Belgien,  lit,  39,  42,  4(J 
-62,  86,  105,  247  ;  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (18(14), 
xvii.  4(ir)  ;  (1868),  xxv.  74  ;  Fiirster,  Denk- 
male,  VIII.  iii.  23  ;  Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1872),  i. 
227. 

GUGEL,  KARL,  born  at  Bergzabern, 
Rhenish  Palatinate,  April  12,  1820,  died  in 
Munich,  June  26,  188").  Genre  and  por- 
trait painter;  painted  :it  tirst  in  imitation  of 
Murillo's  style,  which  lio  abandoned  for  the 
representation  of  ideal  female  heads  and 
figures  in  the  manner  of  Giorgione.  Has 
lived  in  Munich  since  1852.  Works  :  Lute- 
Player  ;  Gypsy  Girl;  After  the  Bath;  Girl 
Writing  ;  Girl  Reading  ;  Gardener-Maul  ; 
Mother  and  Child  ;  Reading  Aloud  ;  Witch- 
es' Ride  to  the  Blocksberg  ;  L'idy  of  17th 
Century,  New  Pinakothek,  Munich. — Miil- 
ler,  224  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xx.  669. 

GUIAUD,  JACQUES,  born  at  Clmmbery 
(Savoy),  May  15,  1811,  died  in  1876.  Land- 
scape and  architecture  painter,  pupil  of 
Watelet  and  of  Cogniet.  Medals  :  3d  class, 
1843  ;  2d  class,  1846.  Works  :  Landscapes 
and  City  views  in  Italy,  Tyrol,  and  Germany 
(1831-42);  do.  in  Italy,  Spain,  and  France 
(1847-76);  Castles  Gieberg  and  St.  Ulrich 
at  Ribeauvillc — Haut-Rhin,  View  of  Procida 
(1843);  Castle  of  Henry  IV.  at  Pan,  View  of 
Steinach  Tyrol  (1846);  View  of  Antwerp 
Cathedral,  Amiens  Museum  ;  Chateau  de 
Madrid  and  Bois  de  Boulogne,  Chateau  and 
Park  at  Monceaux  (1866),  Galerio  desCerfs, 
Fontainebleau. — Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie, 
i.  719. 

GUIBAL,  NICOLAS,  l>orn  at  Luneville, 
Nov.  29,  1725,  died  in  Stuttgart,  Nov.  3, 


1784.  French  school  ;  history  painter,  son 
of  the  sculptor  Barthelemi  G.,  pupil  of  Claude 
Charles  in  Nancy,  and  of  Natoire  in  Paris. 
Called  in  174!)  to  Stuttgart  by  Duke  Charles 
Eugene  of  Wiirteinberg,  who  sent  him  in 
1752  to  Rome,  where  he  studied  under 
Mengs.  On  his  return  in  1755  he  was  ap- 
pointed first  painter  to  the  Duke,  as  well 
as  professor  anil  director  of  the  gallery 
of  paintings.  Works  :  Ceiling  of  Bath 
House,  Schwet/ingen  ;  Ceilings  in  Library, 
ib.;  also  at  Hohenheim,  Monrepos,  and 
chapel  at  Ludwigsburg  ;  Paintings  in 
churches  at  Zwiefalten,  Giniind,  and  Solo- 
tburn.  —  Allgem.  deutsche  Biogr.,  x.  !()'_'  ; 
Dussieux,  Les  artistes  francais  :'i  1'etranger, 
2:i'.l  ;  Hankh,  Beitriige,  5  ;  /eitschr.  f.b.  K.. 
xii.  151. 


- 


GUIDI,     TOMMASO     1)1     GIOVANNI 

See   Mn.wi-ii>. 

GUIDO  (Guido  Reni),  born  in  Bologna, 
Nov.  4,  1575, 
died  there,  Aug. 
18,  1(142.  Bo- 
lognese  school. 
Son  of  Daniele 
Reni,  a  musician  ; 
pupil  of  Denis 
Calvart,  afterward 
of  the  Carracci. 
Fora  time  he  was 
the  favourite  pu- 
pil of  Lodovico,  but  ho  soon  aroused  so 
much  jealousy  that  lie  was  dismissed  from 
the  academy.  After  painting  several  years 
in  Bologna,  where  his  pictures  excited  much 
admiration,  he  went  to  Rome  about  16(18, 
with  his  fellow-pupil  Francesco  Albani,  and 
notwithstanding  the  opix>sition  of  Caravag- 
gio  and  of  Annibale  Carracci,  then  at  work 
in  the  Palaz/.o  Farnese,  he  soon  won  an 
honourable  position.  Caravaggio  was  then 
the  fashion  in  Rome,  and  when  Cardinal 
Borghcse  gave  Guido  an  order  for  the  Cm- 


d 


1B7 


GUIDO 

cifixion  of  St.  Peter,  he  coupled  it  with  the  the  Well,  Death  of  Cleopatra,  Charity,  St. 
command  that  it  should  be  iu  the  manner  Elizabeth,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence  ;  Cumean 
of  that  painter.  Guido  obeyed,  but  he  gave  :  Sibyl,  Bradamante  and  Fiordaspina,  portrait 
his  composition  a  grandeur  and  dignity  be-  of  Guido,  Madonna  with  St.  John,  Virgin, 
yond  the  powers  of  Caravaggio.  Paul  V.  Uffizi,  ib. ;  Christ  on  the  Cross  and  Saints, 
employed  him  to  decorate  the  private  chapel  Lucca  Gallery  ;  SS.  Peter  and  Paul,  Apostle 
in  the  Palace  of  Monte  Cavallo,  a  work  which  Reading,  Brera,  Milan  ;  Christ  on  the  Cross, 
gained  him  groat  reputation  and  made  him  Modena  Gallery  ;  Atalanta's  Race,  Four 
mainr  enemies,  even  his  friend  Albani  be-  j  Seasons,  Infant  Christ,  Nausicaii,  Vanity 
coming  inimical  when  he  found  that  Guide's  and  Modesty,  Museum,  Naples  ;  Nativity,  S. 
fame  was  likely  to  exceed  his  own.  After  Martino,  ib.  ;  John  Baptist,  Madonna,  Fame, 
an  absence  in  Rome  of  twenty  years,  Guido  j  St.  Francis  of  Assisi,  St.  Catherine,  Apollo 
returned  to  Bologna,  where  he  painted  the  ,  and  Marsyas,  Group  of  Cherubs,  Lucretia, 
Massacre  of  the  Innocents  for  S.  Domenieo,  Turin  Gallery;  David  and  Goliath,  Annun- 
iiow  in  the  Bologna  Gallery,  and  St.  -Paul  j  ciation,  Purification  of  Virgin,  Madonna, 
reproving  St.  Peter,  for  the  Palazzo  Zam- ,  Madonna  and  St.  John,  Cltrist  and  Saniari- 
pieri,  now  in  the  Brera,  Milan.  Paul  V.  tan  Woman,  Christ  giving  Keys  to  Peter, 
soon  induced  him  to  return  to  Rome,  where  Christ  in  the  Garden,  Kcce  Homo,  Mayda- 
he  executed  works  in  S.  M.  Maggiore  and  leu  (?),  St.  Sebastian,  Union  of  Design  and 
other  public  buildings,  his  most  famous  one  Colour,  Hercules  and  the  Hydra,  Hercules 
being  the  fresco  Aurora,  in  the  pavilion  of  and  Achelous,  Rape  of  Dejanira,  Death  of 
the  Palazzo  Rospigliosi.  Guide's  produc-  ,  Hercules,  Rape  of  Helen,  Sleep  of  Jesus  (at- 
tions  vary  much  in  manner  according  to  the  tributed),  Louvre,  Paris  ;  Lucretia,  Cleo- 
time  of  their  execution,  and  may  be  assigned  patra,  Madonna  de  la  Silla,  St.  Sebastian,  St. 
to  three  different  periods :  The  first,  marked  James,  Assumption,  St.  Jerome  in  the 
by  strong  contrasts  of  light  and  shade;  the  Desert,  Martyrdom  of  St.  Apollonia,  Mag- 
second  or  transition  period,  stronger  and  dalen,  and  others,  Madrid  Museum  ;  St. 
more  natural  ;  the  third,  pale-gray  tones !  Jerome,  Magdalen,  Youthful  Christ  and  St. 
and  insipid  sentiment.  Works  :  Massacre  j  John,  Lot  and  his  Daughters,  Susannah  and 
of  Innocents,  Madonna  della  Pieta,  Clirixt  on  the  Elders,  Coronation  of  the  Virgin,  Ecce 
the  Cross,  Samson  Victorious,  St.  Sebastian,  Homo,  National  Gallery,  London  ;  St.  John 
Madonna  of  the  Rosary,  Coronation  of  Vir-  iu  the  Wilderness,  St.  Sebastian,  Dulwich 
(/in,  Ecce  Homo,  Bologna  Gallery  ;  Bacchus  Gallery  ;  Venus  and  Graces,  Ecce  Homo, 
and  Ariadne,  Fortune,  Cupid,  Accademia  di  National  Gallery,  Edinburgh  ;  Venus  and 
S.  Luca,  Rome  ;  portrait  of  Beatrice  C'enci  (?),  Cupid,  Nin  us  and  Semiramis,  Ecce  Homo 
Palazzo  Barberini,  ib. ;  Concert  of  Angels,  (2),  Christ  crowned  with  Thorns  (2),  Christ 
Cappella  di  S.  Silvia,  near  S.  Gregorio,  ib. ;  appearing  to  Virgin,  Madonna  in  Adoration, 
St.  Andrew  adoring  Cross,  S.  Andrea,  ib.  ;  Madonna  with  Saints,  Bacchus,  Dresden 
Head  of  Joseph,  Palazzo  Borghese,  ib. ;  St.  Gallery  ;  Madonna  and  Saints,  Berlin  Mu- 
Sebastian,  Capitol  Gallery,  ib.  ;  Salome,  seum ;  Cleopatra,  Cassel  Gallery ;  St.  Je- 
study  for  Crucifixion  of  St.  Peter,  Ecce  !  rome,  Apollo  and  Marsyas,  Assumption,  Mu- 
Homo,  Mater  Dolorosa,  St.  John,  Con  tern-  nich  Gallery  ;  Magdalen,  Presentation  in 
plation,  Palazzo  Corsini,  ib.;  Madonna,  Pa-  Temple,  Baptism  of  Christ,  Vienna  Museum ; 
lazzo  Doria,  ib. ;  A  urora,  Palazzo  Rospigliosi,  Adoration  of  Shepherds,  Jupiter  and  Anti- 
ib.  ;  Rape  of  Helen,  portrait  of  Cardinal :  ope,  Descent  from  Cross,  Liechtenstein  Gal- 
Spada,  Palazzo  Spada,  ib.  ;  Madonna  in  lery,  Vienna  ;  David  and  Goliath,  Adoration 
Glory  and  Saints,  Crucifixion  of  St.  Peter,  \  of  Mayi,  St.  Josejjh  and  Infant  Christ,  Ma- 
Vaticau,  ib.  ;  Bacchus,  St.  Peter,  Rebecca  at  donna  and  St.  Francis,  St.  Peter,  Dispute  of 

188 


GFIPO 


the  Fathers,  Youthful  Virgin  with  Maidens, 

Hermitage,    St.    Petersburg. — Ch.    Blanc, 

Ecole  bolo- 

naise  ;  Des- 

camps,    iv-    C    IX/^C/O 

258;Kug-^ 

ler 

lak 

579;Burck- 

hardt,    7(i4, 

770,  773  ;  Lanzi  (Roscoe),  iii.  93 ;  Malvasia. 

ii.  5 ;  Rosini,  vi.  55. 

GUIDO,  portrait,  by  himself,  Uftizi,  Flor- 
ence.     Upper  part  of  head  broad  and  line, 
chin  wants  character.     Eyes  lively  and  in- 
telligent.    Engraved   by   L.  F.  Mariage.  - 
Wicar,  ii.  Part  22  ;  Livice,  40. 

GUIDO  DI  PIETIU).     See  .\,><jdl<;>,  Fra. 

GUIDO  REXI  DI  NAPOLI.  See  Slii,,:t- 
o/ti,  Massimo. 

GUIDO  DA  SIENA,  Sienese  school,  lat- 
ter half  of  13th  century.  The  Madonna  in 
S.  Domenico,  Siena,  falsely  dated  1221,  was 
painted  probably  in  1281  ;  and  Guido  is 
probably  identical  with  Guido  Graziani,  who 
appears  in  documents  of  1278.  The  inscrip- 
tion has  been  often  retouched,  and  the 
heads  of  the  Virgin  and  Child  have  evi- 
dently been  entirely  repainted.  This  is  im- 
portant, as  upon  it  rests  the  question 
whether  Florence  or  Siena  was  the  cradle  of 
the  revival  of  painting  in  the  13th  century. 
By  the  rectification  of  the  date,  the  priority 
of  the  Florentine  Cimabue  to  the  Sienese 
Guido  is  established,  and  the  honour  remains 
to  Florence.  The  Madonna  in  the  Academy 
at  Siena,  also  ascribed  to  Guido,  is  much  in- 
ferior to  the  one  at  S.  Domenico.  A  Ma- 
donna with  Saints,  attributed  to  him,  is  in 
the  Gallery  of  the  Historical  Society  of  New 
York.-C.  &  C.,  Italy,  i.  180  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Le 
Mou.,  i.  233  and  N.  1  ;  Milanesi,  Delia  vera 
eta  di  Guido  Pittore  Sieuese  (Florence, 
1859). 

GUIDOLINO  DI  PIETRO.    See  A n;/, 7/m. 

GUIGNARD,  G ASTON,  born  at  Bor- 
deaux ;  contemporary.  Landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Ferry.  Medal,  3d  class,  1884. 


Works  :  Foraging,  After  the  Storm  (1874)  ; 
Scouts  in  Flight  (187.1)  ;  Behind  the  Tav- 
ern (1876);  Halt  of  Nomads  (1877)  ;  Farm 
Yard  (1878);  Winter  (1879);  Marsh  of 
Montferrand  (1880)  ;  Morning  Dawn  in  Au- 
tumn (1881);  Requisitions  in  Beance  in 
1870-71,  Return  to  the  Park  (1882);  La- 
gunes  of  Gnyan-Mestras — Gironde,  Convoy 
in  Marshes  of  (juiberon  (188:5)  ;  In  the  Or- 
chard (18S4)  ;  Open  Pasture  (1S8.">). 

GriGNET,  ADRIEX,  born  at  Annecy, 
Savoy,  Jan.  21,  1S1C>,  died  in  Paris,  May  !'.», 
1854.  History  painter,  brother  and  pupil 
of  Jean  Baptiste  (!.,  and  pupil  of  Blonde!  ; 
took  Salvator  Rosa  and  Decamps  for  his 
models.  Medals:  3d  class,  1841;  2.1  class, 
1848.  Works:  Moses  exposed  on  Xile, 
Lost  Travellers  attacked  by  Bear,  Joseph  re- 
lating his  Dream,  Hagur  in  the  Desert 
(1840);  Salvator  Rosa  among  the  Robbers 
(1844)  ;  Defeat  of  Attila  by  .I'.tins  ;  1-YaM 


>f  Armid 


Nou- 


of  Belshazzar ;  (iardeus 
velle  Biogr.  gt'nenile. 

( i  UI LLAUMET,  GUSTA  VE. 
Paris,  March  2(1,  1840. 
Genre  and  landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Pi- 
cot,  Barrias,  and  of 
the  EVolc  des  Beaux 
Arts.  Won  the  2d 
prix  de  Rome  in  18(53, 
and  then  made  the 
tirst  of  many  visits  to 
Algeria.  In  1805  he 
painted  the  portrait 

of  the  late  Sultan  Abdul  A/iz.  Medals : 
18<;r,  and  18(17  ;  2d  class,  1872  ;  3d  class, 
1878  ;  L  of  Honour,  1878.  Works  :  Even- 
ing Prayer  in  the  Sahara  (18(!3),  Luxem- 
bourg Museum  ;  Arab  Market  in  Plain  of 
Tocria  (18(i.r>),  Lille  Museum  ;  Flute-Players 
at  the  Bivouac  (18(!(!) ;  Ain  Kerma  or  Source 
of  the  Figuier,  Tlie  Douar  (18(i7)  ;  Douar 
Women  at  the  River  (1872),  Dijon  Museum; 
Algerian  Interior  (1874)  ;  Bivouac  of  Camel- 
Drivers  (1875)  ;  Arab  Market  (1877);  Peace 
in  the  Evening  (1878)  ;  Laghouat  or  Sou- 
venir of  the  Sahara  (187!»),  Luxembourg 


QUILLEMET 

Museum  ;  The  Palanquins   (1880)  ;  Dwell-  ]      GUILLON,  ADOLPHE  IREN^E,  born 
ing   on   the  Sahara  (1882);   La  Seguice—   in    Paris,    March    29,     1829.       Landscape 
Algiers,  Wool  Spinners  at  Bou-Saada  (1885).   painter,  pupil  of  Noel  and  Gleyre.     Trav- 
Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  725.  j  elled  much  in  Southern  France,  and  then 

GUILLEMET,  JEAN  BAPTLSTE  AN- :  settled  at  Vezelay  (Youne).  Medal  in  1867; 
TOINE,  born  at  2d  class,  1880.  Works :  Winter  Morning 
Chantilly  (Oisc);  at  Cannes,  Moonlight  at  Cannes  (18G7) ; 
contemporary.  Shi-  River  Cure  in  Burgundy,  Beggar,  Summer's 
dio  in  Paris.  Land- ;  Day  (1874) ;  Vezelay  (1880)  ;  August  (1882); 
scape  painter,  pu-  Walnut  Trees  of  Cordellc  (1883)  ;  Vezelay 
pil  of  Corot  and  of  (1885). 

Oudinot.  Medals:'  GUILLOU,  ALFRED,  born  at  Concar- 
'  2d  class,  1874  and  neau  (Finistere)  ;  contemporary.  Land- 
187(! ;  L.  of  Hon-  scape  paintei',  pupil  of  Cabanel  and  Bou- 
our,  1880.  Works :  guereau.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1877  ;  2d  class, 
Low  Tide  at  Tiller-  1881.  Works:  Low  Tide  at  Concarneau 
ville  (1872),  Grenoble  Museum  ;  Bercy  in  (1874)  ;  Shrimp  Fishing  (1875)  ;  The  Pilot 
December  (1874),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;' of  Concarneau  (1879);  Lobster  Fishing  at 
Beach  at  Villiers  (1878)  ;  Chaos  at  Villiers  Benodet  (1880)  ;  The  Last  Seaman  of  the 
(1879);  Old  Quay  at  Bercy  (1880);  Old  Vengeur,  Fishing  with  a  Line  (1881);  De- 
Yillerville,  Beach  at  St.  Vaast-la-Hougue  parture  of  the  Fishermen,  Return  of  Shrimp- 
(1881);  Morsalines  (1882);  Saint-Suliac  Catchers  (1882)  ;  The  Fishing  Lesson,  Re- 
(1883)  ;  Yilk-rville,  Meudon  (1884)  ;  View  turn  of  the  Tide  (1883)  ;  Chasse  en  Mer 
of  Paris  (1885).  I  (1884)  ;  Grandfather's  Canoe,  Marianne 

GUILLEMIN,    ALEXANDRE    MARIE, ;  (1885). 

born  in  Paris,  Oct.  15,  1817,  died  at  Bois  le  GUISE,  DUG  DE,  ASSASSINATION 
Roi  (Seine-C't-Marne),  Oct.,  1880.  Genre  OF,  Paul  Ddaroche,  Due  d'Aumale,  Chateau 
painter,  pupil  of  Gros,  painted  scenes  from  de  Chantilly  ;  canvas.  The  body  of  Henri 
daily  life  of  the  middle  classes,  then  sub-  de  Guise  lies  near  the  foot  of  a  bed,  at  right, 
jects  from  Brittany  and  the  Pyrenees  ;  also  in  a  richly-furnished  apartment  ;  at  left, 
hunting  pieces.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1841  ;  the  murderers,  eight  in  number,  with  naked 
2d  class,  1845,  1859  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1801.  swords  ;  one  of  them  speaks  to  the  king, 
Works  :  First  Artistic,  Attempt  (1840);  Vic-  Henri  III.,  who  enters  at  a  door  and  casts  a 
tim  of  Interesting  News,  Happy  Family,  timid  and  curious  glance  at  his  enemy. 
Souvenir  of  Glory  (1841)  ;  Holy  Family,  M.  Geffroy,  of  the  Comedie-francaise,  is 
After  Emigration,  Picture  Seller,  Love  in  said  to  have  posed  for  the  king.  Salon, 
the  City  (1845)  ;  Collector  of  Treasures  1835  ;  painted  for  Duo  d'Orleans,  10,000 
(1855);"  The  Gallant  Bearnese,  The  Blue  francs  ;  engraved  by  T.  V.  Desclaux  (1852). 
Boys  passing  Brittany  in  1793  (1859)  ;  — Larousse,  i.  768  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  £cole  fran- 
Women  winnowing  in  the  Pyrenees,  Distri-  j  caise,  iii. 

bution  of  Consecrated  Bread  in  Church  of  GULLIVER  AND  THE  LILLIPTJ- 
Fontainebleau  (1861) ;  Joy  at  the  Hearth,  TIANS,  Georges  Jean  Vibert,  W.  T.  Walters, 
Orden  del  Senor  Alcalde  (1865)  ;  La  Trilla,  Baltimore  ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft.  x  4  ft.  ;  dated 
Sculptor's  Studio  (1869)  ;  Los  Pordioseros,  1870.  Gulliver  fastened  to  the  ground  and 
La  Mariposa  (1877)  ;  Notre  Dame  d'Aragon  surrounded  by  the  Lilliputians. 
(1879)  ;  Pictures  in  Toulon  Museum.— Bel-  GUNKEL,  FRIEDRICH,  bom  in  Cassel 
Her  dela  Chavignerie,  i.  728  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  in  1820,  died  by  suicide  in  Rome,  Feb.  24, 
694.  1876.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Cassel  and 

190 


fitTXTHEIJ 


Berlin  Academics  and  of  Cornelius  ;  went  to 
Rome  in  184  7.  Works:  Resurrection;  Bat- 
tle of  Arminius,  Moximilianeum,  Munich  ; 
Drusus  induced  to  Return  ;  Buttle  on  the 
Granicus. 

GUNTHEK,  OTTO,  born  at  Hulle,  Sept. 
30,  1838,  died  at  Weimar,  April  20,  1S84. 
Genre  painter,  pupil  in  1858-01  of  Diissel- 
dorf  Academy,  and  in  1803-0(5  of  Weimar 
Art  School  under  Prcller  and  liamberg. 
Professor  at  Konigsberg  Academy  in  1877- 
80,  then  returned  to  Weimar.  Gold  medal, 
Berlin,  187(5.  Works:  Wedding  Procession 
in  Thuringia  ;  The  Widower  (1874),  In 
Prison  (1878),  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ; 
Last  Farewell  of  Emigrant  Woman  ;  Dis- 
puting Theologians  (1871!),  Cologne  Muse- 
um ;  Friendly  Neighbours,  Home  Again  ; 
The  Criminal  (1877)  ;  Virgin,  Lucifer,  find 
Death  (1878)  ;  Last  Visit  (187!))  ;  Village 
Revolt  (1880)  ;  Allegorical  Figures  in  Cen- 
tral Hall,  Leipsic.— Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1875).  i. 
293  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xix.  484  ;  xx.  184  ; 
Leixner,  D.  mod.  K.,  i.  93  ;  ii.  102  ;  D. 
Rundschau,  xvii.  301. 

GURK,  EDUAR1),  born  in  Vienna  in 
1802,  died  in  Jerusalem,  March  31,  1841. 
Architecture  painter,  pupil  of  the  Vienna 
Academy.  Early  favoured  with  orders  by 
the  Emperor,  and  made  court-painter,  he 
went  with  the  Archduke  Frederic  on  the 
expedition  to  Syria,  to  paint  the  most  in- 
teresting monuments  of  Palestine  for  the 
court.  Works  :  St.  Thomas's  Church  in 
BrUnn  ;  Interior  of  Maria/ell ;  Cathedral  of 
Koniggriitz  ;  Imperial  Burg  in  Prague  ;  Cor- 
onation of  Emperor  Ferdinand  in  Prague. 
Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  182  ;  Wurzbach,  vi. 
37. 

GURLITT,  LUDWIG,  born  at  Altona,  Hoi- 
stein,  March  8, 1812.  Landscape  painter,  pu- 
pil in  Hamburg  of  Bendixen  ;  then  studied 
in  Munich  in  1832-35,  and  at  Copenhagen 
Academy  in  1835-38  ;  visited  Norway,  Swe- 
den, and  in  1839  Upper  Italy,  Tyrol,  and 
Munich  ;  after  his  return  became  member 
of  the  Copenhagen  Academy.  In  1843  he 
went  to  Dusseldorf,  and  soon  after  to  Rome, 


Naples,  and  Sicily  ;  lived  in  1840  48  in  Ber- 
lin, then  at  Castle  Nischwitz  in  Saxony,  and 
in  1851-59  in  Vienna,  whence  he  visited 
Dalmatia  (1855),  Italy  (1850),  and  Greece 
(1858).  From  185!)  he  lived  partly  at 
Gotha,  partly  at  Castle  Siebleben,  which 
Duke  Ernest  had  placed  at  his  disposal, 
visited  Spain  and  Portugal  in  18I>7  tiS,  set- 
tled in  Dresden  in  187:i,  and  lives  now  in  a 
villa  at  Plauen.  Member  of  Copenhagen 
and  Madrid  Academies  ;  profess' >r.  Works  : 
North  Shore  of  l^ike  Garda  ( 1839),  Castell 
Gandolfo  (1845),  View  in  Sicily,  Leipsic: 
Museum;  Crissean  Plain  in  Greece;  Plain 
near  Thebes;  Roman  Campa^na  (1841!)  ; 
Landscape  in  Albanian  Mountains  (is.">(l)t 
National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Valley  near  Sor- 
rento (1851),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg;  Lake 
of  N'emi  ;  Landscape  from  Sabine  Moun- 
tains ;  Keller  Lake  in  Holstein  (18G5);  Gib- 
raltar (1877);  Evening  in  Busaco  Monastery 
(1878),  Dresden  Gallery;  Beech  Wood  on 
Ploli  Lake  ;  View  in  Jutland  ;  The  Acropo- 
lis at  Athens,  Gotha  Museum  ;  View  near 
Berchtesgaden,  New  Pinakothek,  Munich. — 
Brockhaus,  vii.  033;  Illustr.  Xeitg.  (1878), 
ii.  141!  ;  Miiller,  220  ;  /eitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  x. 
(Mitthcilungen,  iii.  2(1)  ;  Weilbach,  210  ; 
Wuiv.baeh,  vi.  38. 

GUSSOW,  KARL, 
Brandenburg,  in 
1841!.  Genre  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil 
of  Weimar  Art  School 
under  Ramberg  and 
Pauwels;  went  in 
1807  to  Munich,  and 
after  a  visit  to  Italy 
returned  to  Weimar. 
In  1871  he  became 
professor  at  the  Art 
School,  in  1874  at  the  Carlsruhe  Art  School, 
and  in  1875  at  the  Berlin  Academy.  Gold 
medal,  1875.  Member  of  Berlin  Academy 
in  1883.  Works:  Diana  Hunting  (1870); 
Faun  and  Nymph ;  Woman  going  to  Church ; 
Blind  Mail's  Buff;  Sweetheart's  Portrait 
(1872);  Sewing  Girl,  Morning  Hour  (1873); 


at    Havelberg, 


GUTEIIBOCK 

Little  Cat,  Lover  of  Flowers,  Lost  Happi-  !  Sail  Francisco  ;  Making  a  Train,  G.  Whit- 
iiess,    Peasant's   Family    (187G);    Washing   ney,    Philadelphia;    Spirit   of   76    (1880); 


Statue   of   Venus ;   Welcome    (1878);    Still 


Waiting   (1882) ;    See-Saw    Margery    Daw 


Life,  Studio,  Fruit-Seller,  Portrait  of  Old  j  (1884).— Sheldon,  05. 

Lady  (1878);  Two  Old  People  (1880);  Ar-       GYARFAS,  EUGEN,  born  in  Hungary ; 

tilleryman's   Story    of    the    Battle,    Ghent  contemporary.      Genre   painter.      Works  : 

Museum.  -Illustr.    Zeitg.    (1873),    ii.    473  ; !  The  First  Tooth;    Judgment  at   the  Bier 

Midler,    227;    Rosenberg,   Berliner   Maler- .  (1883);    Joys  of  Winter  (1884).— La  Ilus- 

schule,  308  ;  Leixncr,  D.  mod.  K.,  i.  42  ;  D.    tracion  (1884),  i.  395  ;  Kunst-Chrouik,  xix. 

Rundschau,  ix.  319  ;  xiii.  328  ;  Zeitschr.,  xv.  j  351  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  xix.  230. 

45  ;  xvi.  145.  GYNECEUM  (Le  Gym-cue),  Gustave  Bou- 

GUTERBOCK,  LEOPOLD,  born  in  Ber-  lanyer,  Paris.  The  female  apartments  in  a 
lin,  died  March  21,  1881.  Genre  painter,  Pompeiian  house.  In  a  Corinthian  atrium 
chiefly  of  historical  and  Oriental  scenes,  the  mistress  of  the  house,  seated  under  an 
which  he  executed  with  humour  and  fine  awning,  watches  her  children  at  plaj',  while 
colouring.  Works  :  Scene  from  Gutz  von  her  husband  comes  in  at  the  background 
Berlichingcn  ;  Severe  Lecture  ;  Drug-Store  and  is  greeted  by  the  dog,  which  runs  to 
in  llth  Century;  Old  Toper;  Recruiting  meet  him;  around  their  mistress,  maid- 
in  Thirty  Years'  War  ;  Columbus  at  La  Ra-  servants  drive  away  flies  and  water  flowers, 
bida  ;  At  City  Hall  of  a  German  Town  at  Salon,  1875. 

the  End  of  Thirty  Years'  War  ;  Forbidden  GYSELS  (Geysels,  Gijzens,  Gysen),  PEE- 
Reading,  Stettin  Museum. — Miiller,  227.  TER,  born  in  Antwerp,  baptized  Dec.  3, 

GUTHEHS,  KARL,  born  in  Switzerland  1021,  died  there  in  1090  or  1091.  Flemish 
in  1844.  Portrait  and  genre  painter,  went  school ;  pupil  of  Jan  Boots,  perhaps  also  of 
to  America  with  his  parents  in  1851,  and  Jan  Brueghel  the  younger,  but  formed  him- 
painted  portraits  at  Memphis,  Tcnn.;  went  self  after  Jan  the  elder;  painted  flowers, 
in  1808  to  Paris,  where  he  studied  under  fruit,  and  still  life,  also  small  landscapes. 
Cabasson,  Pils,  and  at  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Master  of  the  guild  at  Antwerp  in  1050. 
Arts  ;  studied  in  Brussels  and  Antwerp  in  His  works  are  distinguished  for  good  com- 
1870,  and  in  1871  went  to  Rome  ;  returned  position  and  graceful  treatment.  Works  : 
to  Memphis  in  1873,  and  moved  to  St.  Louis  Dead  and  Living  Animals,  Mr.  Hope,  Lou- 
in  1874.  Works :  Awakening  of  Spring  don  ;  Dead  Game,  Marquis  of  Bute,  ib. ; 
(1871);  Ecce  Homo  ;  Evening  on  the  Nile  ;  do.,  Brussels  Museum  ;  Still  Life  (last  work), 
Sappho  ;  American  Women.  Many  excel-  i  Antwerp  Museum  ;  Game  with  Hunting  Im- 
lent  portraits. — Miiller,  227.  \  plements,  Hague  Museum  ;  do.,  Darmstadt 

GUY,  SEYMOUR  JOSEPH,  born  in '  Museum  ;  A  Town,  Amsterdam  Museum  ; 
Greenwich,  England,  Jan.  10,  1824.  Genre  ten  pictures  (landscapes  and  still  life),  Dres- 
painter,  pupil  of  Buttersworth  and  of  Am-  den  Gallery  ;  Dutch  Village,  Landscape,  Ber- 
brose  Jerome,  English  painters.  Settled  in  lin  Museum  ;  Windmill  in  level  Country, 
New  York  in  1854  ;  elected  an  A.N.A.  in  '  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  do.,  Schleissheim 
1801,  and  N.A.  iu  1805.  Studio  in  New  Gallery  ;  Breakfast  Table,  Schwerin  Gallery  ; 
York.  Works  :  The  Spring  (1805);  Sorrows  "  Fruit-piece,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg.— 
of  Little  Red  Riding  Hood  ;  Orange  Girl ;  Immerzeel,  i.  300  ;  Kramm,  ii.  615  ;  Mich- 
Fair  Venice  ;  Supplication  ;  Knot  in  the  iels,  v.  378  ;  Rooses  (Reber),  416  ;  Van  den 
Skein  ;  The  Gamut ;  Children  catching  the  '  Branden,  416. 

Bird;  Little  Sweeper,  C.  P.  Huntington,  G  YSIS,  NIKOLAUS,  born  in  Isle  of  Tinos, 
New  York  ;  Bedtime  Story,  T.  B.  Clarke,  Greek  Archipelago,  March  1, 1842.  History 
ib. ;  Cash  in  Hand,  First  Up,  T.  M.  Scott,  j  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Acad- 

192 


IIAACII 


emy  and  of  Piloty.  In  1872  ho  went  to 
Athens  and  travelled  through  Asia  Minor. 
Since  1874  has  resided 

v 

in  Munich,  where  he 
1ms  painted  several 
Oriental  subjects  and 
recently  some  large;  al- 
legorical pictures. 
Medal,  Paris,  lid  class, 
1878.  Works  :  Joseph 
interpreting  theDreoin; 
Dog-Visitation  (187(1); 
The  Orphans  ;  News 
of  Sedan  (1H71);  The 
Chicken  Thief  (187:()  ;  Betrothal  of  Children 
in  Greece  ;  Pilgrimage  of  Painters  in  the 
East ;  Child's  Confession  (1878),  Darmstadt 
Museum  ;  Art  and  its  Genii  (18711);  Charity, 
New  York  Museum. — Brockhaus,  viii.  (170  ; 
Kunst-Chrouik,  vi.  (i  :  Miiller,  228. 


HAACH,  Ll'DWIG,  born  in  Dresden 
in  1811S,  died  in  Home,  March  21. 
1812.  History  painter,  pupil  of  the 
Drawing  School  at  Meissen,  ami  in  I8.'!(l  of 
Dresden  Academy,  then,  in  18JS7,  under 
Hildebrandt,  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  ;  in 
1841  went  to  Home,  where  he  undermined 
his  health  by  overwork.  In  18i!(>  ho  deco- 
rated a  hall  in  the  house  of  the  bookseller 
Barth  at  Leipsic  with  convivial  scenes. 
Works  :  Christ  in  the  Storm  (18IJ8);  Isaac 
and  Ilebekah  (1840);  The  Three  Kings  be- 
fore Herod  (1842,  unfinished). — Andresen, 
L  44  ;  W.  Muller,  Diisseldf.  K.,  42. 

HAAG,  KARL,  born  at  Erlangcn,  Wiir- 
temberg,  April  20,  1820.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Nuremberg  Art  School,  continued 
his  studies  in  Munich  and  Home  ;  went  in 
1847  to  England,  where  he  took  up  paint- 
ing in  water-colours  exclusively  ;  visited  It- 
aly, and,  in  1858,  the  Libyan  Desert,  dwelt 
for  months  among  the  Bedouins,  and  lias 
since  made  repeated  visits  to  Egypt  and 
other  parts  of  the  East.  Since  1807  has 
lived  at  Hampstead,  London.  His  pictures 
are  distinguished  by  ethnographic  interest 


as  well  as  characteristic  conception  and 
masterly  chiaroscuro.  Court- painter  to 
Duke  of  Coburg-Gotha  ;  member  of  Royal 
Society  of  Painters  in  Water  Colours  since 
l!S.~>o  ;  honorary  member  of  Soeiete  Beige 
des  Aquarellistes ;  L.  of  Honour,  1878. 
Works:  Ancient  Vestibule  beneath  Temple 
Area  in  Jerusalem  ;  Golden  Gateway  ;  Holv 
Ruck  in  Mosque  of  Omar;  Aghile  Agha  re- 
ceiving Prince  of  Wales;  Tribe  of  Ana/eh 
Bedouins  leaving  Palmvra  ;  Bivouac  in  the 
Desert  ;  Arrival  at  Well  in  Desert  ;  Prepar- 
ing Evening  Meal  ;  Desert  Hospitality;  On 
the  Alert;  Heady  for  Defence;  Terror  of 
the  Desert;  Danger  in  the  Desert  ;  Sabine 
Woman;  liedouin's  Devotion;  Ruins  of 
Baalbek  ;  Panorama  of  Palmyra  ;  Sphinx  of 
Ghi/eh  ;  Pyramid  of  Cheops  (1SSII);  View 
in  Bavarian  Alps;  High-Priest  at  Nablus  ; 
A  Dragoman  ;  Acropolis  at  Athens  ;  Young 
Nubian  Woman  ;  Nargileh  ;  Evening  at  Hal- 
moral  ;  Royal  Familv  ascending  Loch-na- 
Garaidh  ;  Stags  brought  Home  ;  Queen  and 
Prince  Consort,  fording  Pool  TartV.  —Art 
Journal  (18S:i),  71  ;  Hrockhaus,  viii.  (172; 
Miiller.  228  ;  Men  of  the  Time  (  l8St).  50S  ; 
Portfolio  (1878),  SI. 

HAANEN,  GEORG  GILLIS  VAN.  born 
at  Utrecht,  Aug.  2.'!,  1S07.  Genre  and  land- 
scape painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Casparis  van 
Haanen  ( 1778  -184!));  studied  from  nature  on 
his  travels  (about  1842)  through  Germany 
to  Vienna,  whence  he  made  studv-trips  to 
Hungary,  visited  Antwerp,  and  since  1854 
seems  to  have  settled  at  Cologne.  His  pict- 
ures are  distinguished  for  exquisite  light 
effects  and  line  execution.  Member  of  Am- 
sterdam Academy  in  18IS5.  Works  :  Even 
ing  School  ;  Peasant  Inn  :  Quiet  Evening, 
Vienna  Museum;  Dutch  Vestibule  (1811), 
Leipsic  Museum  ;  Oak  Wood  in  Hungary, 
Meadow  in  the  Woods  after  Rain,  Lady 
with  Artist's  Sketch-book  (1847);  Dutch 
School  by  Candlelight  (1851);  Market  at 
Night,  View  in  Bakony  Forest — Hungary 
(1852);  Paternal  Instruction,  Halt  before 
Dutch  Inn,  Old  Dutch  Church  in  Evening 
Light  (1853);  Dutch  Interior  in  Sunlight 


HAANEN 


(1857).  His  sister  and  pupil,  Elisabeth 
Alula  (born  in  180!),  died  in  1845),  mar- 
ried to  the  genre  painter,  Petrus  Kiers, 
was  an  artist  whose  able  work  was  cut  short 
by  an  untimely  death  ;  honorary  member 
of  Amsterdam  Academy  in  1838. — Immer- 
zeel,  ii.  2  ;  Kramm,  ii.  01!)  ;  Wurzbach,  vi. 
100. 

HAANEN,  REMY  (Ilcmigius  Adrianus), 
VAN,  born  at  Oosterhoudt,  North  Brabant, 
Jan.  5,  1812.  Landscape  painter,  brother 
of  Georges  Gillis,  pupil  in  Hilversum  of 
llaveuszwaay  ;  since  1834  lias  visited  the 
greater  part  of  Europe,  with  long  sojourns 
in  Frankfort,  London,  and  St.  Petersburg, 
and  in  1842  settled  in  Vienna.  Member  of 
Amsterdam,  Milan,  Venice,  and  St.  Peters- 
burg Academies.  Has  etched  many  of  his 
own  works.  Works  :  Landscape  on  Theiss 
River  ;  Winter  Landscape  (1835),  National 
Gallery,  Berlin  ;  do.  (184G),  Ravem'  Gal- 
lery, ib.  ;  Oak  Wood  in  Winter  (18114); 
View  in  Gelderland;  Wood-Interior;  Storm 
after  Sunset  ;  Wood  Landscape  in  manner  of 
Hobbema(1877);  Wood  Landscape  (1884)  ; 
do.  (3,  1885).  His  sou  Cecil  is  also  an  able 
landscape  painter. — Brockhaus,  viii.  C73  ; 
Immerzeel,  ii.  3  ;  Kramm,  ii.  G19  ;  Dio- 
skuren,  18G5-G7  ;  Midler,  22!)  ;  Wurzbach, 
vi.  101. 

HAARLEM,  CO11NELIS  VAN.  Sec  Cor- 
neliszen. 

HAARLEM,  GEHKIT  VAN.  See  Geert- 
;/fii  van  Sint-Jans. 

HAAS,  JOHANNES  HUBERTUS 
LEONARDUS  DE,  born  at  Hedel,  North 
Brabant,  March  25,  1832,  died  iu  Brussels, 
Aug.  !(!,  1880.  Animal  painter,  pupil  in 
Haarlem  of  Van  Oos,  went  in  1857  to  Brus- 
sels, and  within  a  few  years  achieved  a  bril- 
liant success.  Gold  medal,  Munich,  I860. 
Works:  After  the  Flood  (18G1);  Horses  in 
Rainy  Weather  ;  Young  Bull  at  the  Ferry  ; 
Landscape  with  Cattle  ;  Bull  with  Cow ; 
Donkey  in  the  Downs  (18G!));  Trio  of  Don- 
keys, Lisbon  Gallery  ;  Cattle  on  the  Rhine  ; 
Three  Comrades  ;  Cows  at  Pasture,  National 
Gallery,  Berlin ;  Pasture  on  Banks  of  the 


Yssel,  Brussels  Museum;  Cattle-piece,  Kunst- 
halle,  Hamburg  ;  Milking  Woman  ;  Common 
Pasture ;  Labourer's  Cow ;  Approach  of 
Storm  ;  Noonday  Rest  on  North  Sea ;  Cat- 
tle on  River-bank  in  Holland. — Meyer,  Conv. 
Lex.,  xvii.  427. 

HAAS,  MAURITZ  FREDERICK  HEN- 
DRICK  DE,  born  in 
Rotterdam,  Dec.  12, 
1832.  Marine  paint- 
er, pupil  of  Spoel  and 
Bosboom,  and  later  of 
Louis  Meyer  at  The 
Hague.  Sketched 
along  the  coasts  of 
Holland  and  Eng- 
land; in  1851  studied 
water-colour  iu  Lon- 
don ;  settled  in  1858  in  New  York,  where 
he  still  resides.  Elected  an  A.N.A.  in  18G3, 
and  N.A.  in  18G7.  Works  :  Admiral  Farra- 
gut's  Fleet  passing  New  Orleans  (18G7)  ; 
Coast  of  France  (18G8)  ;  Sunset  at  Sea 
(1871)  ;  Beach  at  West  Hampton  (1875)  ; 
Beach  at  Granville—  Coast  of  France,  Fish- 
ing Smacks  iu  the  English  Channel  (1878); 
Sunset  at  Pigeon  Cove,  H.  P.  Kidder,  Bos- 
ton ;  Moonlight  at  Sea,  H.  B.  Hurlbut  Col- 
lection, Cleveland  ;  Gros-Nez  Castle — Isle 
of  Jersey,  Lelaud  Stanford,  San  Francisco  ; 
Sunrise  in  a  Fog  near  Newport,  E.  D.  Mor- 
gan Collection,  New  York  ;  Wreck  on  the 
Isle  of  Jersey,  Tropical  Sunset  at  Sea,  R.  L. 
Stuart,  ib. ;  Shipwreck,  August  Belmont,  ib. ; 
Sunset  on  Connecticut  Coast,  C.  S.  Smith, 
ib.;  Sunset  at  Sea,  Mrs.  Joseph  Harrison, 
Philadelphia;  Sea  View,  C.  H.  Clarke,  ib.; 
After  the  Collision — Moonrise  (1879);  Men- 
haden Boats  off  Long  Island  Beach  (1880); 
Hen-ing  Boats  off  Scheveningen  (1881) ; 
Breezy  Day— Moutli  of  the  Tyne  (1882) ; 
At  Sea,  Moonlight  —  New  England  Coast 
(1883);  Off  Marblehead— Mass.,  Waiting  for 
the  Mackerel,  Fresli  Breeze  (1884). 

HAAS,  WILLIAM  FREDERICK  DE, 
born  iu  Rotterdam,  June  15,  1830,  died  in 
Fayal,  July  16,  1880.  Marine  painter, 
brother  of  preceding  ;  pupil  of  the  Rotter- 


194 


IIABEXSCIIADEX 


dam  Royal  Academy  and  of  Jan  Bosboom 
at  The  Hague.  In  1854  went  to  New 
York,  where  he  passed  his  professional  life. 
Works  :  Sunrise  on  the  Susqiieluuma  (1N07); 
Fishing-Boats  ofFMt.  Desert,  Boon  Island  — 
Coast  of  Maine  (1874);  Midsummer  Noon, 
Biddeford  Beach — Maine  (1875)  ;  Lower 
Harbour  of  Halifax,  Evening  at  Halifax 
(1870);  Narragansett  Pier  (1877);  Near  St. 
John's — Newfoundland  (1878);  Near  South- 
West  Harbour — Mt.  Desert,  Morning  on  the 
Coast,  Near  Grace  Harbour — Newfoundland 
(1879).— Am.  Art  Rev.  (1*80),  :>r>l. 

HABENSCHADEN,  SEBASTIAN,  born 
in  Munich,  March  2!),  1818,  died  there, 
May  7,  18(i8.  Landscape  and  animal  painter, 
pupil  of  Ailler,  and  in  182'.)  of  the  Munich 
Academy  ;  studied  nature  in  the  environs 
of  Munich  and  in  the  Bavarian  and  Tyrolese 
Alps;  visited  Italy  in  1S40.  Modelled  ani- 
mals in  clay  and  wax  with  much  skill,  and 
was  an  engraver  of  merit.  Works :  Cows 
at  Pasture  (1N8K);  Alp  with  Herds-women 
before  a  Cottage  (1844) ;  Alpine  Cow-keeper 
crossing  Foot-bridge  (1847);  Hay  Harvest  ' 
(1850);  Peasants  in  the  Field,  Morning  in 
the  Country,  Herd  of  Cattle  (1851);  Forester 
and  Shepherd,  Morning  in  the  Mountains 
(1854);  Starting  for  the  Alp  (1854);  Snipe 
Hunting,  Ravine  at  Sunset,  Railroad  through 
the  Woods  (1804).—  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x. 
2(i(i  ;  Andresen,  iii.  1<)8. 

HABEHLIN,  KAHL,  born  at  Oberess- 
lingen,  Wiirtemberg,  Dec.  1(J,  1882.  His- 
tory painter,  pupil  of  Stuttgart  Art  School, 
from  1852  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under 
Scliadow,  and  from  1858  in  Munich,  of  Pi- 
loty  ;  visited  France  and  England,  and  in 
1804  Italy,  and  settled  in  I860  in  Stuttgart, 
where  he  became  professor  at  the  Art  School 
in  1808.  Resigned  the  latter  position  in 
188U.  Works  :  Death  of  Sickingen  (1854); 
Storming  of  Convent  (1850);  Jew  Siiss ; 
Dissolution  of  Alpirsbach  Monastery  (1802), 
Stuttgart  Museum  ;  Battle  of  Belgrade, 
Royal  Gallery,  ib.  ;  Women  of  Scliorndorf 
in  1C88  ;  Tel/el's  Journey  through  Saxony  ; 
Scene  in  Court  Room  ;  Capture  of  Robber- 


Gang  ;  Savonarola  ;  Siege  of  Stralsund  ;  Ja- 
cobea  of  Bavaria  (fresco,  1804),  National 
Museum,  Munich. — Brockhans,  viii.  OS8  ; 
Miiller,  221). 

HABRON,  painter,  country  and  date  un- 
known. Pliny  mentions  (xxxv.  40  |141|) 
among  his  works  a  Friendship  and  Peace 
and  several  images  of  the  gods. 

HACKAEltT  (Hakkert),  JAN,  born  in 
Amsterdam  about  1080,  died  there  in  lO'.l'.l 
or  170S.  Dutch  school  ;  landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Jan  Wynants.  In  1000  75  studied 
from  nature  on  a  journey  through  Germany 
and  Switzerland  ;  to  judge  from  his  pictures 
must  have  visited  Italy.  Lingelbach,  Adria- 
an  van  de  Velde,  Wouwerman,  and  Bercliem 
frequently  supplied  the  tigures  in  his  pict- 
ures. Works:  Stag-Hunt,  National  Gallery, 
London;  Landscape,  Station!  House,  ib. ; 
Avenue  of  Ash  Trees,  Landscape,  Amster- 
dam Museum  ;  Mountainous  Landscape,  Rot- 
terdam Museum  ;  do.,  and  Landscape  with 
Cattle,  Copenhagen  ( lallerv  ;  Hunting  Scene, 
Old  Piuakothek,  Munich  ;  Italian  Landscape 
with  Herds,  Berlin  Museum  ;  High- Road  with 
Figures,  Dresden  Gallerv  ;  <  irove  with  Stag- 
Hunt,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ;  Italian 
Landscape,  Historical  Society,  New  York  ; 
others  in 
Stadcl  Gal- 
lery, Frank- 
fort, and  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  Vienna. — 
Immer/eel,  ii.  5  ;  Kugler  (Crowe),  ii.  481!  ; 
Kramm,  ii.  022. 

HACKER,  HORST,  born  in  Leipsic  in 
1842.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  in  Munich  of 
Richard  Zimmermann,  visited  Italy,  Swit/cr- 
land,  and  the  Austrian  Alps.  Works  :  The 
Wctterhorn  ;  Obersee  near  Berchtesgaden  ; 
N(!w  Axen  Road  near  Fliielen  ;  Smithy  in 
Winter  ;  Moonlight  Night ;  Lake  of  Yier- 
waldstiidt  ;  View  in  Rosenlani  Valley.  - 
Miiller,  2:50. 

HACKERT,  JACOB  PHILIPP,  bom  at 
Prcnzlau,  Brandenburg,  Sept.  15,  1787, 
died  at  Careggi,  near  Florence,  April  28, 
1807.  German  school ;  landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  his  father,  Philipp,  and  in  Berlin 


I-  HA.CKAERT- 


I1ADAMAED 

Academy  of  Le  Sueur.  After  visiting  Stral-  Adam,  a  graceful  Eve,  two  or  three  Vene- 
sund  (17G2),  the  Isle  of  lliigen,  ami  Stock-  tians  in  court  dress,  and  a  Satan  represented 
holm,  he  went  to  Paris  in  1705,  painted  in  as  a  handsome  youth,  recognizable  only  by 
Normandy,  and  rapidly  acquired  a  name  and  the  claws  on  his  feet.  Much  injured  and 
wealth  ;  with  his  brother,  Johann  Gottlieb,  ,  little  to  be  regretted."  Painted  in  15G8. 
ho  went  to  Rome  in  17C8,  and  there  estab-  Probably  mostly  scholars'  work. — Ruskin, 
hshed  his  fame  by  six  pictures  representing  Stones  of  Venice,  iii.  290  ;  Zanotto,  383. 
the  Naval  Battle  at  Tschesme  and  the  Burn-  HADRIAN,  Roman  Emperor  (117-138 
ing  of  the  Turkish  Fleet,  painted  by  order  A.D.),  amateur  painter  and  sculptor.  The 
of  Catharine  II.  In  1772  he  visited  London,  fulsome  panegyrics  of  his  admirers  are  no 
returned  to  Italy,  and  in  17SG  became  court-  ;  evidence  of  his  artistic  ability. — Aurel.  Viet., 
painter  to  the  King  of  Naples,  and  enjoyed  '  Epit.  de  Cxs.,  14,  2  ;  Dion  Gas.,  Ixix.  4. 


much  distinction,  imtil  the  revolution  caused 
him  to  leave  for  Florence  in  17!)!).  He  bought 
a  villa  at  Careggi  in  1803.  Although  one  of 
the  most  noteworthy  landscape  painters  of 
the  18th  centurv,  he  was  a  clever  mannerist, 


HAECHT,  TOBIAS  VAN.     See  Verhaegt. 

HAEFTEN,  NICOLAAS  VAN,  sometimes 
called  Walraven,  born  at  Gorcum  (?),  flour- 
ished in  1G77-170!).  Dutch  school ;  genre 
and  portrait  painter,  chiefly  of  scenes  in  low 


who  by  his  many  pictures  attained  to  greater  life.  Works:  Scissors-Grinders  at  Cards, 
reputation  than  he  deserved.  Works:  Ital-  Company  in  Tavern  amused  by  Smoking 
ian  Landscape,  C'assel  Gallery  ;  He-float  at ,  Monkey,  Basle  Museum  ;  Fishseller  (1704), 
a  Brook  (177*!),  Weimar  Museum  ;  Ideal  Suermondt  Museum,  Aix-la-Chapelle. 


Landscapes  (2,  1782),  Gotha  Museum  ;  Coast 
View  with  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg ;  Italian 
Landscape  (1704),  Oldenburg  Gallery.  He 
had  four  brothers,  all  painters  :  Karl  Lud- 
wig  (1740-1800),  Johann  Gottlieb  (1744-73), 
Willielm  (1748-80),  and  Georg  Abraham 


HAENSBERGEN  (Haansberge),  JOHAN- 
NES VAN,  born  in  Utrecht  in  1G42,  died  at 
The  Hague  in  1705.  Dutch  school  ;  land- 
scape and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Poelen- 
burg,  whom  he  imitated  successfully.  Works: 
Diana  and  Callisto,  Stuttgart  Gallery  ;  The 


( 1 755-1805).  They  followed  their  In-other  ,  Man  with  the  Skull,  Augsburg  Gallery  ;  Por- 
to Italy,  where  they  often  worked  conjointly,  trait,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Annunciation  to  the 
and  for  many  Englishmen,  the  Pope,  the  Shepherds,  Adoration  of  the  Shepherds, 
Kniperor  Joseph  II.,  Catherine  II.,  and  the  Adoration  of  Magi,  Assumption,  Landscape, 
court  of  Naples. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  295  ;  Dresden  Museum  ;  Italian  Landscapes  (G), 
Brockhaus,  viii.  G88  ;  Goethe,  Phil.  Hackert,  St.  John  Preaching,  Portrait  of  a  Lady 

HADAMARD,  AUGUSTE,  born  at  Metz,  (1G8G),   Schweriu   Gallery.— Immerzeel,    ii. 

Dec.  1,  1823,  died  in  188G.     Genre  painter,  4  ;  Kramm,  ii.  G20. 

pupil  of  Delaroche.     Works:  Jewish  Pass-  HAERT,  HENRICUS  VAN  DER,  born 

over  Feast  (1847);  Interior  of  Studio  ;  Bak-  at  Louvain  about  179G,  died  in  Ghent,  Oct. 
ing-Room;  Forbidden  Fruit,  (18G9);  Temp- ;  5,  184G.  History  and  genre  painter,  pupil 

tation ;    Reprimand    (1870);    Between    Cat  of  Ghent  Academy,    then  of  Jacquin  and 

and  Dog,  The  Absent  (1872);  Franc-Tireur  David  ;  in  1841  became  professor  and  direc- 

Watching  ;    The   Women    and    the   Secret  tor  of  Ghent  Academy,  which  he  thorough- 

(1874);  Fce-aux-Mouettes,  Fantasia  (1883);  ly   reorganized.     Works:    Three   Children 

Good  Little  Corner,  A  Bad  Character  (1884);  mourning  their  Mother's  Death  ;  Expulsion 

Road  to  Switzerland,  Evening  Song  (1885).  of  Hagar,  Ghent  Museum. — Immerzeel,  ii. 

He   illustrated   Ch.   Blanc's    "Histoire  des  7;  Kramm,  ii.  G28. 

peintres  de  toutes  les  ecoles."  HAFFTEN,  KARL  VON,  born  at  Wis- 

HADES,  DESCENT  INTO,  Tintoretto,  S.  j  mar,  Mecklenburg,  Jan.  29,  1834.     Land- 
Cassiauo,   Venice.     "  A  somewhat  haggard ,  scape  painter,    pupil  of  Munich  Academy 


196 


HAWAII 


after  having  visited,  from  184I>  to  18.">(;, 
England  and  Scotland,  North  America,  Bra- 
zil,  aud  Australia.  After  three  years  in  Mu- 
nich he  spent  one  year  in  Italy,  attracted 
especially  by  the  ruins  at  Pola,  Istria  ;  took 
part  in  the  campaigns  of  18<><>  and  1S70, 
exhibited  his  works  in  Dresden  for  the  ben- 
efit of  the  Albert  Union  in  187:5,  and  settled 
in  Berlin  in  1874.  Works  :  Moonlight  on 
the  Coa-st  (18;">8),  Sclnvcrin  Gallery  ;  several 
in  Collection  of  Emperor  of  Germany. 
Schlie,  28. 

HAG  All,  DISMISSAL  OF,  Giterrii>», 
Brera,  Milan  ;  canvas,  H.  '!  ft.  8  in.  <  5  ft. 
Abraham  sending  away  Hagor.  This  picture 
was  much  admired  by  Lord  Byron.  Hagar, 


Dismissal   of   Hagar,    Guefcino     Brera,    Milan 

her  face  red  with  weeping,  holds  her  son  by 
the  hand  and  turns  her  eyes  to  the  patriarch. 
Surah,  in  purple,  is  seen  further  back.  Half- 
figures.  Acquired  in  1811  from  Galleria 
Sampler!,  ISologna.  Engraved  by  It.  Strange. 

HAGBO11G,  AUGUST,  boni  at  Gothen- 
burg, Sweden  ;  contemporary.  Genre  and 
landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Stockholm  Acad- 
emy and  in  Paris  of  Palmaroli.  Medal. 
Paris,  3d  class,  1870.  Works  :  Spring  Tide 
in  La  Manche  (1879),  Luxembourg  Museum  ; 
In  the  Cemetery  of  Tourville  (188.'{);  An 
Alarm  (1H84);  Preparation  for  Fishing, 
Fisherman's  Daughter  (1885) ;  Fisherwoman, 
Charles  Crocker,  San  Francisco  ;  First  Quar- 
rel, J.  A.  Scuddcr,  St.  Louis. 

HAGEMANS,  MAURICE ;  contemporary. 


Landscape  painter  in  Brussels.  Works  : 
March  Sun  near  Chiinay  ;  Pond  of  Forge- 
Gerard  ;  Meadow  with  Birch  Trees. 

HAGEN,  BLANCA  VOX,  born  in  Bres- 
l:iu,  Nov.  4,  1S4:>.  Portrait  and  genre 
painter,  studied  in  Berlin  ami  Dresden, 
then  pupil  in  Munich  of  Benczur,  and  in 
Berlin  of  Gussow  ;  visited  Italy  and  Paris, 
and  settled  in  Berlin.  Works  :  Wallachiaii 
Girl  ;  After  Mass  :  On  an  Art  Tour  ;  Hagar 
and  Ishmael  ;  At  the  Sick-bed.  -  Miiller, 
230. 

HAGKN,  J011IS  VAN  DEIl  (Verhagen), 
died  at  The  Hague,  burieil  May  'J:!,  IdCll. 
Dutch  school:  landscape  painter,  strongly 
intluenced  by  Kuvsdael.  Settled  at.  The 
Hague  in  1C>\'2.  and  was  one  of  tlie  found- 
ers  there,  of  the  new  painters'  guild,  1'ir- 
tura,  in  1  <!.">(">.  His  pictures  are  truthful 
in  details,  but  the  colouring  is  dark  and 
heavy.  Works:  Two  Landscapes,  Louvre; 
View  near  Arnheim  (I'il'.t),  View  in  Guel- 
dres,  Hague*  Museum;  View  over  Canals, 
Museum,  Amsterdam  ;  Hilly  Landscape  with 
Felled  Tree,  Town  Hall,  ik  ;  Dutch  Land- 
scape with  Cattle,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Evening 
Landscape,  IJiver  Shore,  Carlsruho  Gallery  ; 
Landscape  with  Stag-hunt 
(figures  by  Lingelbach), 
Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Land- 
scapes  ('_')  willi  Figures  (by 
J.  le  Due),  two  others,  Copcn- 
hagen  Gallery.  —Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  \.  :!:!'.>  ; 
Burger,  i.  1.11,  -2C7  ;  De  Stuers,  III. 

HAGKN,  THKODOK,  born  at  Diissel- 
d.,rf.  May  '21,  184'2. 
Landscajie  ]>ainter. 
jiupil  of  Diisseldorf 
Academy  under  An- 
dreas and  Karl  Miil- 
ler, then  of  Oswald 
Achenbach  ;  trav- 
elled in  Switzerland 
and  the  Tyred,  be- 
'  came,  in  1871,  pro- 
fessor at,  and  in  1877 
director  of,  the  Weimar  Art  School  ;  re- 
signed his  professorship  in  1881.  Works: 


.     —^ 
**W  /I 

f7\ 
\*f      ^« 


j'.n 


HAGUE 


Westphalian    Landscape;    Approaching  I 

Storm  ;  Guffern  Alp  ;  St.  Gotluml  Road  ; 
Kanderthal  in  Switzerland  ;  View  at  Sche- 
veningen  ;  Rhenish  C'ity  in  Evening  Light 
(1S7!>),  Dresden  Gallery;  Storm  Landscape, 
Breslan  Museum.—  Miiller,  230. 

HAGHE,  LOUIS,  born  at  Tournay, 
March  17,  180C,  died 
at  Stockwell,  Eng- 
land, March  9,  1885. 
History  and  genre 
painter,  pupil  of 
Chevalier  de  la  Bar- 
riiTe,  a  French  eini- 
grant,  whom  he 
afterwards  assisted 
in  the  publication 
of  views  in  Belgium: 

went  to  London  in  1823,  where  he  partici- 
pated in  the  publication  of  several  litho- 
graphic works,  and  afterwards  took  up 
painting  in  water-colours  ;  in  1835  became 
member  of  the  Institute  of  Painters  in  "Water 
Colours,  and  afterwards  its  president.  Mem- 
ber of  Antwerp  Academy  ;  Order  of  Leo- 
pold ;  Medals:  1834,  1855.  Painted  with 
his  left  hand.  Works  :  "\Var  Council  at 
Courtray  (183!)),  National  Gallery,  London  ; 
Scene  at  Convent  Gate  of  S.  Geronimo 
(1840);  Oath  of  Vargas  (1841);  Cromwell 
with  the  Letter  of  Charles  I,  The  Town 
Hall  of  Courtray  (1813)  ;  Last,  Moments  of 
Zurbaran  (1844)  ;  Ferdinand  with  Rubens 
(1845);  Rubens  painting  the  ('liafM'aii  de 
Faille,  Interior  of  Brewers'  Corporation 
Room  at  Antwerp,  Staircase  in  the  House 
of  that  Corporation  (184(1)  ;  Meeting  Room 
(1847)  ;  Capuchin  Monks  at  Matins,  C'haf- 
foir  in  Town  Hall  of  Mons,  Michelangelo 
attending  his  Sick  Servant  Urbino  (1848)  ; 
Vespers  in  Church  of  St.  Anne,  Bruges 
(1840) ;  Miseries  of  War,  Guard-Room 
(1850)  ;  Interior  of  St.  Gomer,  Sierre  (1851); 
Audience  Chamber  of  Magistrates  of  Bruges 
—Visit  of  Marguerite  of  Parma  (1852)  ; 
Happy  Trio,  Salle  d'Armes  in  Castle  of  Salz- 
burg (1853)  ;  Corps  de  Garde  (1854)  ;  Holy 
Water  Vase  in  St.  Peter's,  Rome,  Post- Office 


at  Albano,  Convivial  Meeting  of  Brewers' 
Corporation  at  Antwerp,  Fair  Reckoner, 
Comfortable  Quarters,  The  Report,  Work 
first  and  Play  afterwards  (1855)  ;  Choir  of 
Santa  Maria  Novella,  Florence  (185C,  first 
picture  in  oil)  ;  Antechamber  in  Tribunal  of 
Inquisition,  Venice,  View  of  Ducal  Palace, 
ib.,  Town  Hall  of  Oudenarde  (1850) ;  Sunny 
Hours  (1857,  in  oil)  ;  Incident  in  Life  of 
Cornells  Vroom,  Public  Letter-Writer  in 
Rome,  Remains  of  Portico  of  Octavia,  Rome 
(1857)  ;  The  Spy,  Peter  Boel  arranging  his 
Model,  Drinking  Song,  Transept  of  St. 
Mark's,  Venice  (1858).— Art  Journal  (1854), 
25fi  ;  (1850),  13  ;  Athen.  (1885),  i.  352 ; 
Kramm,  ii.  030  ;  Miiller,  231. 

HAGN,  LUDWIG  fKARL  HEINRICH) 
VON,  born  in  Munich, 
Nov.  23,  1820.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  in  Ber- 
lin of  Krause,  then  of 
Munich  and  Antwerp 
Academies,  at  the  lat- 
ter under  Wappers, 
and  in  1847-50  at 
Brussels  of  Eugene  de 
Block  ;  lived  then  suc- 
cessively in  Brussels, 

Berlin  (1850-53),  where  by  the  pictures  of 
Menzel  and  those  in  the  palaces  at  Potsdam 
and  Sans  Souci  he  was  led  to  the  cultivation 
of  rococo  subjects,  and  Paris  (1853-55),  and 
settled  in  Munich,  whence  he  visited  Rome 
and  Florence  (1803-05).  Member  of  Munich 
Academy  since  1807.  WTorks  :  Unwelcome 
Wooing'  (1851),  Schwerin  Gallery;  The 
Sweet  Tooth,  Musical  Entertainment  (1801); 
Alchemist  1 1802)  ;  Promissory  Note  ;  Walk 
in  Versailles ;  Conversation  in  the  Park 
(1800),  New  Pinakothek,  Munich ;  Italian 
Garden  Scenes  (2),  Schack  Gallery,  ib.;  Sun- 
day Walk  (1863)  ;  Fish  Market  in  Rome 
j  (18G5)  ;  Goldoni  (1800)  ;  Bowling  Alley 
(1807);  Roman  Library  (1808);  Munich 
'  Beer  Cellar  (18G9)  ;  Duel  in  17th  Century  ; 
Hall  in  Versailles;  Faring  Minstrels;  Garden 
'  Scene  in  18th  Century  ;  Walk  in  the  Woods; 
Contrasts ;  Audience  with  Pope  Leo  XHI. 


198 


IIAILEU 


(1880)  ;  Tintoretto  in  the  Seuola  di  San 
Rocco  (1881)  ;  Procession  of  Corpus  Christi 
in  Munich  ill  lasl  Century  (1884),  City  Hull, 
Munich.—  Brockhaus,  viii.  700  ;  Miiller,  231; 
Graph.  K.,  v.  43  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xix.  352  ; 
Lcixncr,  D.  mod.  K.,  ii.  1)3. 

HAILElt,  MAX,  born  iu  Munich  in  1818. 
History  painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy 
under  Schlotthauer,  painted  for  four  years 
under  Cornelius  in  the  Ludwigskirche. 
Works  :  Baptism  of  L)uke  Theodore  and  his 
Son,  Ratisbon  Cathedral ;  Emperor  Charles 
VII.,  Kaisersaal,  Frankfort. 

HAL,  JACOB  VAN,  born  at  Antwerp, 
An-,'.  27,  11)7:2,  died  there,  April  20,  1750. 
Flemish  school ;  history  painter,  pupil  of 
one  Marcus  Lommeliii ;  dean  of  the  guild 
in  1705.  Works:  Fall  of  Manna,  Adoration 
of  the  Holy  Sacrament,  St.  James's,  Ant- 
werp; Nativity,  Jesuit  College,  ib. — Van  den 
Branden,  1108. 

HALAUSKA,  LUDWIG,  born  at  Waid- 
hofen,  Nether  Austria,  in  1827,  died  iu  Vi- 
enna, April  2'J,  18S2.  Landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Steinfeld,  but  studied  mostly  from 
nature,  travelling  through  the  mountainous 
districts  of  Tyrol,  Styria,  anil  Bavaria,  and 
on  the  Rhine.  Member  of  Vienna  Academy 
since  1870.  Works  :  Calm  Lake  (1804)  ; 
Morning  in  the  Mountains  (1805)  ;  Church 
Ruin  in  Evening  Light  (1800)  ;  Old  Earth- 
work near  Landeck  (1807),  Austrian  Art 
Union;  Mountain-Brook  in  Storm  (18G8), 
Vienna  Academy  ;  Summer  Landscape  from 
Main  Country  ;  Burgau  on  Alter  Lake 
Village  on  the  Main,  Vienna  Museum 
View  near  St.  Andril ;  View  near  Salzburg 
Ferry  on  the  Main. — Miiller,  2.'i2  ;  Wurz- 
bach,  vii.  230  ;  Zeitsch.,  x.  (Mitlheiluugen, 
iii.  74). 

HALBREITER,  ULRICH,  born  at  Frei- 
sing,  July  11,  1812,  died  in  Munich,  Nov. 
20,  1877.  History  painter,  pupil  of  the 
Munich  Academy  under  Schlotlhauer,  whom 
he  accompanied  lo  Upper  Italy  (1834). 
After  he  had  assisted  Heinrich  Hess  in  the 
Basilica,  and  Cornelius  in  the  fresco  of  the 
SI.  Louis  Church  in  Munich,  he  spenl  Ihree 


years  in  Athens,  painting  historical  scenes 
in  the  Royal  Palace,  and  at  the  end  of  1843 
went  to  Constantinople,  Egypt,  and  through 
the  desert  via  Julia  to  Jerusalem,  of  which 
city  he  painted  a  panorama  (18  ft.  x  100  ft., 
Lateran,  Rome).  Works  :  Battle  at  Kar- 
bouissi,  Devastation  of  the  Morea  under 
Ibrahim  Pasha ;  Defence  of  Missolonghi, 
Hoyal  Palace,  Athens;  Adoration  of  the 
Shepherds  (1840)  ;  Assumption  (1851).— 
Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  403  ;  Allgem.  Zeitg., 
Dec.  Ill,  1X77,  Beilage,  353. 

HALE,  E.  MATTHEW,  born  in  England; 
contemporary.  Genre  painter.  Exhibits 
chielly  in  Grosvenor  Gallery.  Works: 
Psyche's  Toil  in  Venus'  Garden  (18711)  ; 
Three  Princesses  (1XX1);  Psyche  before 
Venus,  Irish  Flower  Garden  (1S,S3|  ;  Going 
to  the  Play,  Criticism  (1XX4)  ;  In  the  Days 
of  Phidias  (1885). 

HALE,  WILLIAM  MATTHEW,  born  in 
England  ;  contemporary.  Landscape  and 
marine  painter;  associate  of  Society  of 
Painters  in  Water  Colours  since  1x71. 
Works:  Glen  Logan,  Loch  Maree  (1X73); 
On  the  Coast  of  Somerset,  Great  Hock  of 
Coigach  (1X7X)  ;  Twilight  in  a  Coombe 
(1X81). 

HALEN,  ARNOUD  (Arend)  VAN,  died 
in  Amsterdam  in  1732.  Dutch  school  ; 
portrait  painter,  signed  his  name  often 
Aquila  ;  started,  under  the  title  Pan  Poeti- 
con  Batavum,  a  collection  of  portraits  of 
Dutch  poets,  of  which  he  painted  two  hun- 
dred. Other  works  :  Portraits  of  Jan  van 
Huysum,  Isaak  Mouchcron,  Gerard  de  Lai- 
resse  ;  Woman  with  Book. — Immerzeel,  ii.  1* ; 
Kramin,  i.  25  ;  ii.  031. 

HALEN,  PEETER  VAN,  born  at  Ant- 
werp, baptised  Jan.  12,  1012,  died  there, 
buried  May  22,  1087.  Flemish  school  ; 
landscape  painter  ;  master  of  the  guild  in 
1041,  dean  in  1050.  Supplied  his  land- 
scapes with  many  highly- finished  small  fig- 
ures. Work,  The  Deluge,  Cassel  Gallery. 
Van  den  Branden,  915. 

HALL,  GEORGE  HENRY,  bora  in  Bos- 
Ion  in  1825.  Subjecl  aud  figure  painter ; 


I'M 


HALL 

studied  in  Diisseldorf  in  1840,  and  painted  i  in  the  Stable  (187G)  ;  Horses  on  Towing- 

in  Paris  in  1850-52  ;  sketched  in  Spain  in  ;  Path  (1877). 

18(iO  and  1800  ;  elected  N.A.  in  1808.  Vis-  [  HALLE,  C.  E.  ;  contemporary.  Figure 
ited  Italy  in  1872,  Egypt  and  Cairo  in  1875.  and  portrait  painter.  Son  of  the  eminent 
Professional  life  passed  chiefly  in  New  York,  musician  Charles  Halle.  Exhibits  chiefly  in 
Studio  in  Koine  (1884).  Works:  Group  of  the  Grosvenor  Gallery.  Works  :  Little  Blue- 
Spanish  Children  (1808)  ;  Young  Lady  of  Stocking,  Friends,  the  Gareloch,  Arrochar, 
Seville  and  her  Duenna  (1870)  ;  Seasons,  4  Nuremberg  (1877)  ;  Rain  Cloud  (1878);  To 
pictures  (1871),  llichard  Butler,  New  York  ;  God  and  My  Love's  Eight  Arm  (1879)  ;  Cup 
Pomegranates  (1874);  April  Showers  (1870),  of  Tea,  St.  George  and  Dragon,  Premi ! 
Graziella,  Governor  Fairbanks;  Spice  B:i-  (1880);  Dance  of  Shepherdesses,  Wild  Boar 
xaar — Cairo  (1879)  ;  Studies  of  Grapes,  Hunt  (1881)  ;  Nora  Creena,  Judith,  Prep- 
J.  J.  Astor,  New  York  ;  Turner's  Shop —  arations  (1882)  ;  Youth  and  Age,  Hebe, 
Catskill  (1880)  ;  Bric-u-Brac  of  Damascus,  Phyllis  (18815)  ;  Feeding  the  Pigeons,  An 
Home,  and  Seville  (1881)  ;  Catskill  Mountain  Unfrequented  Path,  portrait  of  Mary  Ander- 
Laurels,  Peaches  (1882)  ;  Window  in  Yen-  sou  (1884)  ;  The  Mirror,  Pets,  Fortune-Tel- 
ice,  Strawberries  (1883). — Tuckerman,  ler,  two  portraits  (1885). 
4S3.  HALLK,  CLAUDE  GUY,  born  in  Paris, 

HALL,  SYDNEY  P.,  born  at  Newmar-  Jan.  17,  1052,  died  there,  Nov.  5,  1736. 
ket  in  1842.  Genre  and  portrait  painter,  French  school ;  history  painter,  son  and  pu- 
pupil  of  Hoyal  Academy  and  of  Arthur  pil  of  Daniel  H.  (history  painter,  1031-75)  ; 
Hughes  ;  special  artist  of  London  Graph-  won  first  prize  of  the  Academy  in  1075. 
ic.  Accompanied  Prince  of  Wales  to  India  Painted  many  well-composed,  but  not  always 
in  LS70  as  staff  artist.  Works  :  Heview  well-drawn,  pictures  for  French  churches 
in  Windsor  Park  —  July  10,  1877,  Queen  and  palaces.  Member  of  Academy,  1082  ; 
visiting  Camp  at  Ascot  Heath— 1877  (1878);  professor,  1702  ;  rector,  1730.  Works  :  St. 
Chapter  of  Order  of  Star  of  India — Cal-  Paul  preventing  his  Jailer  from  killing  Him- 
cutta,  January  1,  1870  (1880),  painted  for  self,  Louvre  ;  Christ  driving  out  Money- 
Lord  Northbrook  ;  Their  First  Voyage  Changers  (1080);  Annunciation, NotreDame; 
(1882)  ;  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Teck  receiv-  Submission  of  the  Doge  of  Genoa  to  Louis 
ing  Officers  of  Indian  Contingent  (1883);  XIV.,  Versailles  Museum  ;  St.  Nicholas  giv- 
Descent  on  Italy,  portraits  of  Princesses  ing  Alms,  Grenoble  Museum  ;  lo  changed 
Louise,  Victoria,  and  Maud  of  Wales  (1884);  into  a  Cow; 
A  Lord  Chamberlain,  Portrait  of  Major-  I— j  A I  I  C1  (  |  r  Jesus  at  Em- 
General  Earlc  (1885).  U  mans ;  Holy 

HALLATZ,   EMIL,   born   in   Frankfort-  Family  ;  Sacrifice  to  Cupid.— Bellier  de  la 

on-the-Oder    in    1837.      Animal   painter,  Chavignerie,    i.    737  ;    Jal,    070  ;    Lejeune, 

pupil  of  Berlin  Academy  and  of  StefFeck  ;  Guide,  iii.  121. 

went  in  1802  to  Paris  to  study  the  works  HALLE,  NOEL,  born  in  Paris,  Sept.  2, 

of  Troyon  and  Rosa   Bonhcur,  and  visited  1711,   died    there,   June    5,    1781.     French 

Italy  in  1803.     Works  :  Percheron  Horses  ;  school ;   history  painter,  son  and  pupil  of 

Crossing   Jutland    Frontier  ;    Importation  '  Claude  Guy  Hallo ;  won  2d  grand  prix  in 

of  Grain  into  Normandy  (1808) ;  Herd  in  1734,   and  grand   prix  de  Rome  in  1736. 

Approaching  Storm  ;   Stag   Hunt    (1872) ;  Though  a  good  draughtsman,  he  was  weak 

Village  Scene  ;  Coast  Scene  near  Dieppe  ;  in   composition   and   colour.      He   became 

Journey  of  the  three  Magi ;  Life-boat ;  Fes-  !  Member   of  Academy,   1748  ;   professor  in 

tive  Riding  at  Harvest  (1875);  Snow-storm  >  1755,  assistant  rector  and  treasurer  in  1777, 
in  the  Puszta ;    The   Old  Hypochondriacs '  and  rector  in  1781 ;  superintendent  of  Go- 

200 


HALLEZ 


belinsin  1771  ;  director  of  the  School  of  Art 
in  Rome  in  1775-77  ;  Member  of  Order  of 
St.  Michael,  1777.  Works  :  Delilah  cutting 
Samson's  Hair  (17:54)  ;  Passage  of  the  lied 
Sea  (173(i)  ;  Dispute  between  Minerva  and 
Neptune  (1748),  Fonhiinebleau  ;  Flight  into 
Egypt  (17;)!)),  Archbishop  Flavian  interced- 
ing  for  Inhabitants  of  Antioch  (1702),  Or- 
leans  Museum  ;  St.  Vincent  de  Paul  Preach- 
ing  (17(il),  Church  of  St.  Louis,  Versailles  ; 
Ceiling  of  Baptistery,  St.  Snlpice,  Paris; 
Autumn,  Geniuses  of  Poetry,  History,  Phys- 
ics,  and  Astronomy  (1701),  Simon  the  Athe- 
man  (1777); 
Cornelia,  JJ 
Mother  of  the  r' 
Gracchi  (17711).  —  Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie, 
i.  7:57  ;  Jal,  070  ;  Larousse  ;  Lejeune,  Guide, 
i.  238. 

HALLE/,  G.  J.,  born  at  Framcries,  near 
Mons,  July  IS,  1761),  died  in  Brussels,  May 
IS,  1810.  Genre  and  portrait  painter,  pu- 
pil  of  Mous  Academy,  where  he  won  all  the 
pri/cs  ;  in  1787  travelled  through  France, 
and  after  his  return  was  called  to  Brussels 
to  paint  portraits  of  the  Emperor  of  Austria 
and  other  high  personages;  in  17'.)(J  was 
made  professor  at  the  central  school  of  the 
Department  Jemappes,  and  afterwards  di- 
rector  of  Mons  Academy  ;  settled  in  Brus- 
sels  in  1831).  Member  of  Antwerp  Academy 
iu  1817.  Works:  Marshal  Bcaulieu  and 
Count  van  Zoou  (1811)  ;  Young  Mother  and 
Child  in  Grotto  ;  Jupiter's  Awakening  ;  He- 
turn  (1813);  Inundation  Scene  (I8;i:i)  ; 
many  portraits.  —  Immerzeel,  ii.  10. 

HALLMANN,  ANTON,  born  at  Hanover 
in  1812,  died  at  Leghorn,  Aug.  21),  1845. 
Architecture  painter,  and  renowned  archi- 
tect,  pupil  in  Hanover  of  Hellner,  then  of 
Munich  Academy  ;  in  18313  walked  to  Home, 
and  in  1834  to  Naples  ;  returned  to  Munich 
in  183'J,  then  went  to  St.  Petersburg,  and 
thence  to  London  and  Paris  ;  in  1841  re- 
turned  to  Rome,  and  in  1842  visited  Dres- 
den.  Works  :  Convent  Garden  near  Fossa 
Nova  (1841);  Five  pictures  illustrating  Song 
of  Mignon  (1842)  ;  Day  in  Cyprus  (1843)  ; 


Decayed  Villa  in  Evening  Light  (1845).— 
Brockhaus,  viii.  738;  Cotta's  Kunstbl.,  1840; 
Faber,  vi.  350. 

HALS,  D1KK,  born  in  Haarlem  before 
1(10(1,  died  there,  buried  May  17,  Hl'iil. 
Dutch  school  ;  genre  painter,  brother  and 
pupil  of  Frans  the  elder.  His  works,  usu- 
ally  representing  soldiers,  cavaliers,  and 
women,  eating,  drinking,  dancing,  or  listen- 
ing to  music,  were  painted  between  1020 
and  1053.  His  st  vie  has  some  analogy  with 
that  of  Peter  de  Hooch;  the  predominant 
tone  is  a  cool  grav,  lending  great  harmony 
to  the  light  colours  ;  only  in  his  later  works 
a  warmer  brownish  tone  is  apparent.  He 
painted  figures  in  Dirk  van  Dcelcn's  pictures. 
Works  :  Merry  Party,  National  (lallerv,  Lim- 
don;  Assembly  in  a  Park  (about  Kill!), 
Louvre,  Paris  ;  Lady  at  the  Piano,  Mu- 
seum,  Amsterdam;  Five  Senses  (1(121),  D. 
Franken,  ib.  ;  Ball-Scene  (1028,  interior  by 
Van  Deelen),  N.  .J.  W.  Smallenburg,  The 
Hague  ;  The  Topers  (11)27),  Berlin  Museum; 
Conversation-pieces  (two  1030,  one  1053), 
Figure  of  Kommelpotspeeler,  Amalieiistit't, 
Dessau;  Merry  Party,  Stuttgart  Museum; 
Two  Cavaliers  and  a  Lady,  Kunsthalle,  Hani- 
burg;  Assembly  (1(122),  Gallery,  Copenha- 
gen  ;  Game  at  Draughts  (1035),  Count, 
Moltkc,  il>.  ;  Assembly  of  Ladies  and  Gentle- 
men,  Musical  Party  (attributed  to  A.  Pala- 
medesx),  Gotha  Museum;  Loving  Couple, 
Flute  Lesson  (l(!4(i),  Hausmann  Collection, 
Hanover;  Conversation-piece  (1020),  Peter 
von  Scmenoff,  St.  Petersburg;  do.  (1028), 
Violoncello  Player  (attributed  to  J.  leDucq), 
Academy,  Vienna;  Loving  Couple  on  a  Walk 
(1024),  Game  of  Tric-trac,  Assembly,  Liech- 
tenstein  Gallery,  ib.  ;  Assembly  in  a  Park 
(about  Ki20),  Josef  von  Lippmaim,  ib.  ;  Lute 
Player  (1020),  formerly  Gsell  Collection,  ib.  ; 
Heading  a  Letter,  Ber- 
gamo  Gallery  ;  Festival, 
Metropolitan  Museum, 
New  York.  —  Bode,  Stu-  I 
dien,  121,  613  ;  Burger. 
Musces,  ii.  121;  Gaz.  des.  B.  Arts  (18C8), 
xxv.  3'JO  ;  Zahu,  Jahrbucher,  1871. 


HALS 


HALS,  FRANS,  the  elder,  horn  in  Ant- 
werp in  1584,  died  in  Haarlem,  Aug.  26, 
1(566.  Dutch  school ; 
portrait  and  genre 
painter  of  great  re- 
n  o  \vn  ;  pupil  of 
Kurd  Van  Marnier. 
A  most  influential 
teacher  and  founder 
of  a  national  style, 
and  a  portrait  paint- 
er to  be  ranked  with 
the  greatest  mas- 
ters. Addicted  to  drunkenness,  according 
to  Houbrakcn,  he  was  never  prosperous, 
despite  his  long  and  active  life  and  his  un- 
usual talent,  which  excited  Van  Dyck's  ad- 
miration. In  IGGt,  reduced  to  sheer  want, 
he  was  supported  by  the  municipality  and 
pensioned.  Flesh-colouring  unequalled  ; 
handling  broad,  masterly,  and  vigourous. 
Pictures  unequal  in  merit  ;  his  immense 
facility  sometimes  led  him  to  be.  careless 
and  sketchy.  Works:  Joh.  15ogurdus  (1614); 
Banquet  of  Officers  (1616),  do.  (1627),  do. 
(1627),  Assembly  of  Officers  (1633),  Officers 
of  St.  George's  Guild  (1(5:5!)),  Regents  of  St. 
Elizabeth's  Hospital  (1641),  Regents  of  Old 
Men's  Hospital  (1664),  do.  (1(564),  Haarlem 
Museum  ;  portrait  of  himself  and  his  sec- 
ond wife  (1624),  The  Fool  (1(525),  Jolly 
Toper  (1630),  Old  Lady  (16:5!)),  Museum, 
Amsterdam  ;  Archery-piece  (1637),  City 
Hall,  ib. ;  Portrait  of  John  Barclay  (before 
1(510),  Athena'um,  ib.;  Male  Portrait  (1(555), 
Six  Collection,  ib. ;  do.,  Rotterdam  Muse- 
um ;  Portraits  of  Dutch  Nobleman  and 
Wife  (1(525),  Hague  Museum  ;  Male  Por- 
trait, do.  (1(545),  Museum,  Brussels  ;  Sing- 
ing Boys,  Merry  Tippler,  Arenberg  Gallery, 
ib.;  De  Strandlooper  van  Haarlem  (1(540), 
Male  Portrait  (1635),  do.  (1640),  Antwerp 
Museum  ;  Laughing  Girl  (1630),  Portrait  of 
a  Lady,  Portraits  (3)  of  Beresteyn  Family 
(1629,  1630),  Louvre,  Paris  ;  Topers,  Male  ] 
and  Female  Portrait,  Rothan  Gallery,  ib. ; 
Male  Portrait  (162(5),  Old  Lady,  Young  Lady 
(1634),  Buffoon,  Laughing  Girl  (1635),  Rorn- 


melpotspeeler,  Man  and  Wife  (1638),  do. 
(1643),  Count  Mnis/ech,  ib. ;  Laughing  Girl 
(1645),  Lille  Museum  ;  Male  Portrait  (1632), 
Bordeaux  Museum  ;  Singing  Boy  (1625), 
Male  Portraits  (1625, 1627,  1656,  1660),  Man 
and  Wife  (1627),  Child  with  Nurse,  Toper 
(1(530),  Hille  Bobbe  van  Haarlem  (about 
1650),  Berlin  Museum  ;  Nobleman  and 
Wife  (1620),  Two  Boys  making  Music 
(1(525),  Toper  (1(540),  Male  Portraits  (3, 
1655,  1(560),  Laughing  Girl,  Cassel  Gallery; 
Male  Portraits  (2,  1630),  Dresden  Gallery  ; 
do.  (1(535,  1655),  Gotha  Museum  ;  Young 
Man  (1624),  Man  and  Wife  (1(538),  Stiiclel 
Gallery,  Frankfort ;  Boy  playing  the  Flute 
(1(525),  Ki'migsbcrg  Museum  ;  do.,  and  Boy 
Drinking,  Male  Portrait  (1630),  Schwerin 
Gallery  ;  Man  and  Wife  (1(543),  Stettin  Mu- 
seum ;  Male  Portrait  (1650),  Museum,  Vi- 
enna ;  do.  (2,  1630,  1644),  Liechtenstein 
Gallery,  ib. ;  do.  (1655),  Old  Lady  (1638), 
Buron'llothscbild,  ib.;  Male  Portrait  (1(550), 
National  Gallery,  Pcsth  ;  do.  (4,  1635,  1650, 
1(560),  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ;  Old 
Woman's  Head  (1645),  National  Gallery, 
London  ;  do.  (1640),  Bridgewater  Gallery, 
ib.;  Male  Portrait  (1630),  Buckingham  Pal- 
ace, ib. ;  do.  (1624),  Manchester  House,  ib.; 
do.  (1635),  Marquis  of  Bute,  ib. ;  Artist's 
Portrait  (1622),  Devonshire  House,  ib  ; 
Herring  Seller  (1(516),  Lord  Northbrook,  ib. ; 
Male  Portrait  (1628),  Hampton  Court  Pal- 
ace ;  Ilille.  Bobbe  (?,  probably  by  Frans,  the 
younger),  Meeting  of  Trained  Bands  to  cele- 
brate Peace  of  Miinster  (with  Dirk  Hals), 
Metropolitan  Museum,  New  York ;  Por- 
trait (?),  Historical  Society,  ib. ;  other  pict- 
ures attributed  to  him  in  the  galleries  of 
Munich,  Stuttgart,  Brunswick,  Weimar,  Old- 
enburg, etc.,  are  not  by  him.  Of  his  seven 
sons  five  were  painters  :  Herman  (1611-69), 

H   painted  conversation    pieces ; 
Johannes  (died  in  1650),  fig- 
ures and  genre  scenes  ;  Frans 
(see  following   article) ;  Reg- 
nier  (1627-89),  genre  scenes; 
Nicolaas  (born  in   1628),  genre  and  land- 
scape. —  Allgem.   d.    Biogr.,    x.    451 ;    Ch. 


S02 


HALS 


f  * 
/  Q  *f  O 


Blanc,  F^oole  flamande  ;  Bode,  Fr.  Hals  und 
seine  Schule  (Leipsie,  1871)  ;  ilo.,  Studien, 
35,  612  ;  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (1864),  xvi.  -Jit!)  ; 
(1865),  xviii.  103  ;  (1868),  xxiv.  21!),  431  ; 
(1809),  i.  102  ;  (1885),  xxxi.  31!)  ;  Van  der 
Willigen,  139,  348  ;  Zcitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  viii. 
193  ;  xviii.  347. 

HALS,  FRANS,  the  younger,  born  in 
Haarlem  between  1617  and  1623,  died  there 
after  166!).  Dutch  school  ;  genre  and  still- 
life  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Frans,  the 
elder,  many  of  whose  pictures  he  copied. 
Works  :  Two  Children  Singing,  Arenberg 
Gallery,  Brussels  ;  Heads  of  Laughing  Boys 
(2),  Royal  Palace,  il>.  ;  Piper  and  Violin- 
Player,  Schweiin  Gallery  ;  Still  Life  (1038). 
Konigsberg  Museum  ;  do.  (1640),  Berlin 
Museum  ;  Hillo  Bobbo  as  Fish-wife,  Dres- 
den Gallery  ;  Interior  of  Peasant  Cottage 
(2,1637,  ' 

1638),  Carls- 
ruhc  (!ul- 
lery.  -Bode,  Stiulicn,  103,  219,  (ill!  ;  (in;.. 
des  15.  Arts  (1808),  xxv.  398)  ;  (1869,  i.  111.",; 
Van  der  Willigen,  150  ;  /eitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  v. 
79  ;  ix.  299. 

HALSWELLE,  KEELEY,  bom  at  liich- 
inond,  Surrey,  in  1832.  Landscape,  marine, 
and  figure  painter  ;  studied  drawing  and 
engraving,  and  drew  much  on  wood  for 
Illustrated  London  News  ;  went  about  1855 
to  Edinburgh,  and  studied  in  schools  of 
Royal  Scottish  Academy,  exhibiting  his  first 
picture,  In  Vino  Veritas,  in  1857,  and  his 
Bridge  of  Sighs  in  1858.  In  1866  he  be- 
came an  A.R.S.A.  In  1868  he  went,  to 
Rome,  and  painted  there  his  Roba  di  Roma 
(1869).  Other  works  :  Street  Scene  in 
Rome  (1870)  ;  Contadini  in  St.  Peter's 
(1871,  sold  in  1883,  £1,732)  ;  Elevation  of 
the  Host  (1872)  ;  II  Madonajo  (1873)  ;  Ro- 
man Fruit  Girl  (1874)  ;  Marriage  Proces- 
sion (1875)  ;  Rome  from  the  Sistine,  Non 
Angli  sed  Angeli  (1877)  ;  Play  Scene  in 
Hamlet  (1878)  ;  Tug  and  Timber  Barge 
(1880)  ;  Wittenlmm  Clumps  (1881)  ;  Shoot- 
er's Hill—  Pangbourne  (1882),  Royal  Wind- 
sor —  Morning,  Evening  Mists  (1883);  Glram 


of  the  Setting  Sun,  Rokeby,  Bed  of  Water- 
Lilies  (1884)  ;  Kilchurn  Castle,  Flying 
Scuds  (1885).— Art  Journal  (1879),  49.  " 

HAMAN,  PUNISHMENT  OF,  Mi,M,m- 
i/i-ln,  Sistine  Chapel,  Rome  ;  fresco  on  ceil- 
ing. 

HAMEL,  JULIUS,  born  at  Dillenbnrg. 
Nassau,  in  1834.  History  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Stiidel  Institute,  Frankfort, 
under  Jacob  Becker,  Steinle,  and  Passavant  ; 
visited  Dresden  (1860),  Munich  (1861),  Bel- 
gium and  Holland  (1866),  and  Italy  (1869- 
7(1),  and  settled  in  Frankfort.  Works: 
Christ  washing  Peter's  Feet  (1857)  ;  En- 
tombment (1858),  Frankfort  Art  Union; 
Loreley  (1859);  Tel/el's  Indulgence  Trallic 
(1864);  Eginhard  and  Emma  (1867)  ;  Will- 
iam of  Orange  taking  Farewell  of  Egmont 
(1871);  Seasons  and  Harvest -Joys  (1874); 
Taking  of  Egmont  (1876)  ;  Countess  Help- 
cnstcin  begging  for  her  Husband's  Life 
(1879)  ;  Portraits  of  Professor  Meeker,  Jus- 
timiH  Kerner,  Arthur  Schopenhauer. — Miil- 
ler,  231. 

HAMILTON,  CHARLES  WILLIAM  DE, 
born  at  Brussels  in  166S  or  1670,  died  at 
Augsburg  in  1754.  Animal  and  still-life 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  James  Hamilton 
(1640-1720,  an  able  still-life  painter,  who 
under  Cromwell  left  Scotland  and  settled  at 
Brussels)  ;  also  pupil  of  his  brothers,  John 
George  and  Philip  Ferdinand  ;  entered  the 
service  of  Bishop  Alexander  Sigismund  of 
Augsburg,  for  whom  ho  painted  a  great 
number  of  pictures,  several  of  which  are  now 
in  the  roval  galleries  of  Bavaria.  Works: 
Plants  and  Fruits,  etc.,  Lyons  Museum  ; 
Weeds  and  Reptiles  in  the  Woods,  Carlsruhe 
Gallcrv  ;  Still  Life  with  Plants  and  Insects 
(2),  Darmstadt  Museum;  do.  (3),  Stuttgart 
Museum;  do.  (1),  Schleissheim  Gallery; 
Recd-I5irds,  Quail,  Saint  Gall  Museum  ; 
Dead  Fox  and  Game-Birds  (1739i,  Schwerin 
Gallery  ;  two  do.  and  two  others,  Mannheim 
Gallery. — Wur/.bach,  vii.  264. 

HAMILTON  (Hammilton),  FRANS  DE, 
flourished  second  half  of  17th  century. 
Animal  and  still-life  painter,  either  brother 


•JOii 


HAMILTON 


or  eldest  son  of  James  ;  entered  the  service 
of  the  Elector  of  Brandenburg  at  Cleves  in 
1GG1,  but  seems  to  have  immediately  re- 
moved to  Potsdam,  whence,  having  resigned 
his  position,  he  went  to  Vienna  in  1G70, 
then  entered  the  Bavarian  service  in  1083. 
Works  :  Dead  (lame,  Animal  Life  in  the 
Woods  (2),  Snliwerin  Gallery  ;  similar  sub- 
jects (4),  Aschaffenburg  Gallery  ;  do.  (4), 
Hchleissheim  Gallery. — Schlie,  235. 

HAMILTON,  GAVIN,  born  at  Lanark, 
Scotland,  in  173(1,  died  in  Home  in  1707. 
History  painter,  master  unknown  ;  wentearly 
to  Italy,  and  resided  in  Rome  most  of  his  days. 
More  noted  for  promotion  of  the  line  arts 
than  as  a  painter,  but  left  some  good  pict- 
ures, especially  illustrations  of  the  Iliad. 
Works  :  Achilles  with  the  Dead  Body  of  Pat- 
roclus  ;  Achilles  parting  with  Briseis  ;  Achil- 
les dragging  the  body  of  Hector  behind  his 
Chariot  ;  Andromache  weeping  over  Hector  ; 
Apollo.  About  1794  ho  decorated  an  apart- 
ment in  the  Villa  Borghese,  Home,  with  the 
story  of  Paris. — Redgrave. 

HAMILTON,  HAMILTON,  born  in  Mid- 
dlesex Co.,  England,  April  1,  1847.  Genre 
painter,  self-taught.  His  family  removed  to 
America  when  he  was  an  infant,  and  settled  at 
Cowlesville,  Wyoming  County,  N.  Y.  In  1872 
he  opened  a  studio  in  Buffalo  and  painted 
portraits  ;  in  1875  visited  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains and  painted  the  Laramio  Peaks  (Cen- 
tennial Exhibition,  187<>),  now  in  the  Buf- 
falo Fine  Arts  Academy  ;  spent  1878  70  in 
Europe,  chiefly  at  Pont  Avon,  Brittany  ;  re- 
turned thence  to  Buffalo,  and  removed  to 
New  York  in  1881.  Member  of  American 
Water-Colour  Society,  and  New  York  Etch- 
ing Club  ;  elected  A.N.A.  in  18S(i.  Works  : 
The  Peddler's  Visit,  The  Sisters  (1882) ;  The 
Silver  Line,  Jump -Sir!  Little  Sunbeam, 
The  Dreamer  (1884)  ;  Interior  at  New  Wind- 
sor—N.  Y.,  Farewell,  Veiled  Head  (1885) ; 
Solitude,  The  Messenger  (1880).  —  Hitch- 
cock, American  Etchings  (New  York,  1885). 

HAMILTON,  JAMES,  born  in  Ireland  in 
1819,  died  in  1878.  Marine  painter,  taken 
to  America  as  a  child,  studied  first  in  Phila- 


1  delphia ;  spent  1854-55  in  London,  and 
after  his  return  to  Philadelphia  furnished 
illustrations  for  Dr.  Kane's  Arctic  Explora- 
tions and  other  works.  Professional  life 
passed  in  Philadelphia.  Works  :  Egyptian 
Sunset ;  Morning  off  Atlantic  City,  Mrs.  C. 
S.  Longstreet,  New  York  ;  Moonlight  Scene 
near  Venice  ;  Wrecked  Hopes  ;  Old  Iron- 
sides ;  Escape  of  Smugglers,  Capture  of  the 
Serapis,  Mrs.  D.  D.  Col  ton,  San  Francisco  ; 
Death  of  Steerforth,  W.  H.  Fosdick,  Louis- 
ville ;  Wreck  off  the  Coast,  C.  H.  Wolff, 
Philadelphia  ;  Off  Delaware  Capes,  J.  W. 
Drcxel,  New  York  ;  Vision  of  Columbus, 
Mrs.  Joseph  Harrison,  Philadelphia. 

HAMILTON,  JEAN  GEORGE  DE,  born 
at  Brussels  in  1GGG  or  1(!72,  died  in  Vienna 
in  1740  ('?).  Animal  and  still-life  painter, 
son  and  pupil  of  .lames  (Scotch  painter  of 
fruit,  and  still  life)  ;  painted  many  years 
in  Brussels,  then  joined  his  brother  Philip 
in  Vienna  ;  later  lived  at  the  court  of  Ber- 
lin, but  returned  to  Vienna  after  the  death 
of  Friedrich  I.  of  Prussia,  and  became  court- 
painter.  Ho  painted  flowers,  fruits,  and  in- 
sects, but  especially  horses  with  great  skill. 
Works  :  Horses  and  Foals  in  Pasture  (2),  Im- 
perial Stud  at  Lipicxa  (1727,  with  72  horses 
painted  from  nature),  Stag  and  two  Roes 
in  a  Landscape,  Boar-Head  and  Hunting 
Implements  (1718),  Vienna  Museum;  several 
in  Summer  Palace  at  Sehonbrunn,  and  in 
Gallery  of  Stift  Kremsmiinster  ;  Dead  Hare 
and  Birds,  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Dead 
Birds  Suspended  (2),  Schleissheim  Gallery  ; 
White  Horse  Jumping  (1703),  Thoroughbred 
(1704),  White  Horse  led  by  Negro,  Sorrel 
led  by  Groom  (1700),  Dresden  Gallery ; 
Dogs  by  Dead  Game  (3),  Dead  Bird  and 
Insects  (2),  Bear-Hunt,  Stuttgart  Museum  ; 
White  Grouse  in  the  Mountains,  Zurich  Gal- 
lery. His  son  and  pupil,  Anton  Ignatz  (bom 
iu  Vienna  in  1GOG,  died  at  Hubertsburg, 
Saxony,  in  1770),  who  painted  the  same  sub- 
jects, entered  the  service  of  the  Duke  of 
Saxe- Weimar,  and  then  became  court- 
I  painter  to  Augustus  III.,  King  of  Poland 
,  and  Elector  of  Saxony. — Kramm,  ii.  G35. 


204 


HAMILTON 

HAMILTON,   JOHN  McLURE,  born  in  in  Paris.     Gold    medal  in  Brussels,  1848  ; 

Philadelphia    in    185;?.       Genre     painter  ;  medals  in  Paris  :  :)d  class,  1853  ;  2d  class, 

studied  at  the  Royal   Academy,    Antwerp,  1859,  LSI.;!,  18U4  ;  Order  of  Leopold,  1854  ; 

under   Van  Lerius,    and  at  the   Ecole  dcs  L.  of  Honour,  18(i4.     Works  :  Preparations 

Beaux  Arts,  Paris,  under  GeV>me.     Exhib-  for  Serenade,  Rabelais  at  the  Court  of  France, 

ited  at  National  Academy  in  1877,  Le  Rire,  Hamlet,  Charles  IX.  and  his  Surgeon  Am- 

and  at  Pennsylvania  Academy  in  1885,  The  broise  Pare,  Louis  XIII.  and  Maria  de'  Med- 

Old   Pioneer    and    Swiftwater.      Stu<lio  in  ici  surprised  by  Richelieu,  Doge  Mocenigo 

Philadelphia.  and  Titian  visiting  Paul  Veronese,  Daughter 

HAMILTON,    PHILIP    FERDINAND  of  the  Criminal  (1847-53);  Christopher  Co- 

DE,  born  at  Brussels  in  KH!4,  died  in  Vi-  lumbus  ;  Adrian  Willaert  playing  Organ  in 

enua  in  1750.     Animal  and  still-life  painter,  Monastery   at    Bruges,    Brussels    Museum; 

son   and    pupil  of  James;  was  called  to  the  Workshop  of  Stradivarius  ( IS(i'.l);  Tlie  An- 

court   of   Vienna   by  Charles  VI.,  who  cm-  atomist   Vesalius   in    Padua;    Dante  at  Ra- 
ployed  him  extensively.     His  pictures  are ,  venna  (185!));  Entry  of  Duke  Albrecht  VII. 

frequently  to  be  met  with  at  the  country-  and  Isabella  into  Ostend  ;  The  Heptann'ron 

seats    and   in    the    castles    of  the    Austrian  of  Margaret   of  Angouli'me  ;    Childliood  of 

nobility,  and   in  the  public  galleries  of  Yi-  Francis  I.;  Charles  V.  instructed  by  Eras- 

enua,  Prague,  Pesth,  Munich,  Weimar,  DCS-  mus(18(!;j).  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  AVomeii 

sail.   (Karlsruhe,   Frankfort,  and   Oldenburg,  of  Siena  during  the  Siego  (IKC4);  Festival 
— Kramm,  ii.  (i!?f>  ;  Wurxbach,  vii.  2<>:i.          j  of  Biicentaur  in  Venice  (IS(IT);  Masaniello 

HAMLET,  PLAY  SCENE  IN,  Daniel  and  the  Viceroy  of  Naples ;  Murillo  in  his 
jMiir/i.it;  National  Gallery,  London;  canvas,  Studio;  Huguenot  Family  in  Flight  (1870); 
H.  5  ft.  •<  It  ft.  The  play  scene  in  centre,  The  Secrets  of  Madame  and  of  the  Sou- 
background;  in  foreground,  right,  the  king  brettc  (I87.'i);  Father's  Memories  (I.S7S); 
and  queen  and  Polonius,  with  attendants  and  '  Grassy  Corner  in  Normandy  ( ISHl  );  Mead- 
soldiers  ;  left,  Ophelia  with  Horatio  leaning  ows  of  Sunlit'  (1882);  Farm  Yard  in  Nor- 
on  her  chair,  and  behind,  attendants  and  mandy  (1883);  The  Breakers  (1884). — lour, 
soldiers  ;  centre,  Hamlet  lying  at  feet  of  des  B.  Arts  (18(iO),  1U8  ;  Kramm,  ii.  <!3(!  ; 
Ophelia,  gazing  on  the  king's  face.  Royal  Miiller,  1(17. 

Academy,   184'J.     Engraved  by  C.  Rolls.—        HAMMER,  (KD.MUNDi  ( UTI  X  ),  born  in 

Art  Journal  (1854),  214.  Dresden,  Feb.' 4,  1821. 

HAMLET    WITH   YORICK'S    SKULL.  Animal  painter  and  il- 

Sir   Thomas    Lawrenci;    National    Portrait  lustrator,  pupil  of  Drcs- 

Gallery,  London;  canvas,  H.  10  ft.  x  (i  ft.  (>  den    Academy    and    of 

in.     Portrait   of  John    Philip    Kemble,    as  Julius  Hiibner.   In  1*47 

Hamlet,  apostrophizing  the  skull  of  Yorick,  visited    Trieste    and 

the  king's  jester,  which  he  holds  in  his  hand.  North  Italy  on  foot,  and 

Painted  in  1801  ;  presented  in  18,'!(!  by  King  returned  home  by  Mu- 

William  IV.   Transferred  from  National  Gal-  nich    and    Nuremberg  ; 

Icry  in  1884.     Engraved  by  S.  W.  Reynolds  has  made  frequent   ex- 
and  others.     Sketch  sold  at  Sir  T.  Baring  '  cursions  into  the  forests 

sale,  1848,  for  50  guineas. — Gower,  48  ;  Waa-  of  Saxony,   Bohemia,   and  Silesia,  and  the, 

gen,  Treasures,  L  380.  Tyrol  ;    went    to   Constantinople    in    18(!(». 

HAMMAN,  (F.DOUARD  JEAN)  CON-  Works  :  Mort,  Saxon  Art  Union  ;  Two  Stags 
RAD,  born  at  Ostend,  Sept  24,  181!).  His-  Fighting  ;  Greyhound  (1852),  Sow  with 
torieal  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Antwerp  Grice  stopped  by  Dog  (I860),  Dresden  Gal- 
Academy  and  of  De  Keyser  ;  settled  in  184(i  lery. — Miiller,  235. 

MS 


HAMMER 


HAMMER,  HANS  JORGEN,  born  in 
Copenhagen,  Dec.  29,  1815.  Genre  and 
landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen 
Academy  under  Eckersberg  ;  entered  the 
army  in  1848,  took  part  in  the  campaign  of 
that  vear,  and  took  his  leave  as  captain  in 
1800 ";  visited  Italy  in  1856-58.  Order  of 
Dannebrog,  18G1  ;  Member  of  Copenhagen 
Academy  in  1874.  Works :  Last  Load  of 
Hay  (1845)  ;  Peasants' Amusement  on  Sun- 
day (.1847)  ;  View  of  Rome  (1803)  ;  Market- 
Place  at  Ariccia  (1803)  ;  Market-Day  at 
Fredericia  (1871)  ;  Long-Expected  Letter 
(1877),  Copenhagen  Gallery. 

HAMMER,  JOHN  J.,  born  in  Westhofen, 
Germany,  Jan.  1,  1842.  Genre  and  portrait 
p.iintcr,  pupil  in  Munich  from  187(i  of  Pro- 
fessors Loeft't/  and  Alexander  Wagner.  .Re- 
moved to  New  York  in  1884.  Works  :  In 
the  Shade  (18S1),  In  the  Sun  (1882),  Kunst- 
vereiu,  Munich ;  Gleaners  (18S3),  William 
Baumf*arti'ii,  New  York  ;  Scenes  from  Pom- 

O 

peii  —  water-colours  (18S3)  ;  Goose  Girl 
(1888),  Munich  Exhibition  ;  Little  Barefoot 
(1884);  Dreams  of  Childhood — water-colours 
(1885)  ;  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Carnegie 
(188(1),  Andrew  Carnegie,  New  York. 

HAMON",  JEAN  LOUIS,  born  at  St.  Loup, 
near  Plouha 
(Cotes-du-Xonl ), 
MayH,  1821,  died 
at  St.  Raphael 
(Var),  May  29, 
1874.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  of 
Delaroche  and  of 
•xGleyre  ;  exhib- 
ited in  1848  with 
little  success. 
Gleyre  then  obtained  him  employment  at 
Sevres,  where  he  designed  and  painted  a 
number  of  vases,  among  them  one  for  Queen 
Victoria  (1851),  and  another  for  the  Empress. 
Lived  in  Capri  after  18G5.  Many  of  his 
highly  poetical  and  delicately  painted  pict- 
ures have  been  engraved.  Despite  great 
professional  success,  his  life  was  embittered 
and  shortened  by  sickness  and  pecuniary 


embarrassment.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1853  ; 
2d  class,  1855  ;  L.  of  Houour,  1855.  Works  : 
Tomb  of  Christ,  Frieze  of  a  Door  (1848)  ; 
Equality  in  the  Seraglio,  Parrot  playing  with 
two  Girls,  a  Roman  Notice  (1849)  ;  Human 
Comedy  (1852),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  My 
Sister  isn't  There  (1853);  Cupid  and  his  Fol- 
lowers, The  Orphans,  Nurse  with  Children,  It 
is  not  I  (1855);  Tomb  of  Christ  (1805),  Mar- 
seilles Museum;  Chained  Butterfly,  Enslaved 
Fly,  The  Cheap  Shop,  The  Tamer,  Love,  Wom- 
en Winding  (1857);  Cupid  Visiting  (1859); 
Aviary,  Smuggler,  Guardianship,  Virgins  of 
Lesbos  (1801);  Elder  Sister,  Mountebank 
(1801),  Nantes  Museum  ;  Imitator,  Day  of  Be- 
trothal, Aurora  (1804);  Muses  at  Pompeii 
(1800)  ;  Promenade  (1807)  ;  Ophelia  on  the 
15ank  of  the  Dark  River  (1873)  ;  Among  the 
Flowers,  Museum,  New  York  ;  Spring  Flow- 
ers, W.  H.  Van- 

J.L.  HAMON      lerbilt,    ib.-Gaz. 
des  B.  Arts  (1875), 

xi.  119;  Athenrvum  (1874),  i.  835;  Hamer- 
ton,  French  Painters  ;  Larousse  ;  Meyer, 
Gesch.,  028;  Illustr.  /eitg.  (1879),  i.  315, 
321  ;  Claretie,  Peintres  (1882),  i.  49. 

HAMPE,  KARL  FRIEDRICH,  born  in 
Berlin,  July  13,  1772,  died  there,  Dec.  29, 
1848.  Genre  and  architecture  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Berlin  Academy  under  Niedlich  and 
Friscli.  Member  of  the  Berlin  Academy  in 
1810,  professor  in  1823,  and  inspector  and 
librarian  from  1829.  Works :  Castle  in 
Moonlight  (1817),  Fountain  in  Gothic  Hall 
(1819),  Luther's  Room  in  Wittenberg  (1821), 
National  Gallery,  Berlin. 

HANDLER,  PAUL,  born  at  Altenwed- 
dingen,  near  Magdeburg,  March  10,  1833. 
History  painter,  pupil  of  Berlin  ami  Diissel- 
dorf  Academies,  then  in  Dresden  of  Julius 
Schnorr  ;  visited  Italy  in  1859,  and  after- 
wards Paris  ;  lived  in  Dresden  in  18G1-C7, 
and  then  settled  in  Berlin,  where  lie  is  pro- 
fessor at  the  Royal  Art  School.  Works  :  Cru- 
cifixion (1801);  Disciples  at  Emmaus  (1862); 
Battle  at  Mockern  (1864);  Christ  bearing  the 
Cross  (1805)  ;  Wall  Paintings  for  Church 
in  Hillerslebeu  (1807)  ;  Doubting  Thomas 


HANNIBAL 

(1808)  ;    Crucifixion    (1H71) ;    Eece    Homo   treatment,  powerful  colouring,  and  fine  im- 
(1872);   Resurrection    (1872);   do.    (1873)  ; pasto.     Works  in  Vienna  Museum. 
ChristCrucified(1873);  DisciplesatEniiimus]      HANOTEAU,  HECTOR-,  born  in  Deci/.o 
(1875);  Christ  and  Peter  on  the  Sea  (1870).    (Nicvre),    May    '_»."), 
In  fresco:  St.  Paul  at  Athens,  Burning  of  Pa-   1823.      Landscape  '^jiV^' 


pal  Bull  at  Wittenberg  (1881-83),  Gymnasi-  painter,   pupil  of 

inn,  Magdeburg  ;  Cartoons  for  Stained  Glass  Gigoux.     A    pains-  n^  -£-_ 

Windows  in   Prince  Albert  Mausoleum  at  taking    and   skilful 

Windsor  Castle  ( 1800).  — Brockhaus,  viii.S(J8;  realist.      Medals  : 

Miiller,  235  ;  Rosenberg,  Berl.  Malersh  ,  24X.  1*04,1  8  0  8 ,  a  n  d 

HANNIBAL    CROSSING    THE    ALPS,  1SOK ;   L.  of  lion-. 

Joseph    M.    W.    TuriKT,    National    Gallery,  our,  1870.    Works:' 

London;  canvas,   H.  4  ft.   9  in.  x  7  ft.  Kin.  Arab    Encampment         •       IV     f\/    • 

A  lurid  sun   seen  through  a  storm  of  snow,  ( 1855);  M  eado  ws 

which   threatens  to  overwhelm   the  Cart  ha-  of    Charencv,    Pond     in    N'ivernais    (1X57); 

giniaus,  toiling  through  the  passes,  who  are  Morning   on    the    Cauna   (1X511);  Morning's 

also  attacked  by  the  savage  mountaineers.  Fishing  (1SOO);  Springs  at  Charency  (1801); 

Royal    Academy,     1X12.        Engraved    by    J.  Horses  at  Liberty  ( 1X03);  Paradise  of  Geese, 

Cnusen  in  Turner  Gallery.  —  Cat.  Nat.   Gal.  Marseilles  Museum  ;  Abandoned  Hut  (1804); 

HANNEMAN,  ADR1AEN,  born  at  The  Corner  of  a  Park  (1S05);  Evening  on  the 
Hague  in  1001,  died  there  in  1008  or  1009.  Farm,  After  Fishing  (1800);  Larder  of  the 
Portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Ravesteyn;  went  Fox-Cubs  (180S);  Reeds  ( 1809);  Passage  of 
to  England  early  in  diaries  I.'s  reign,  Great  Game  (1S09);  The  Summons  (1*7(1); 
painted  for  10  years  under  Daniel  Mvtens,  Village  Pond  ( 1870),  Luxembourg  Museum  ; 
the  elder,  and  adopted  much  of  Van  Dyck's  Cottage  (1X72);  Honeysuckle  (1873);  The 
manner.  He  returned  afterwards  to  The  Aumancc,  View  on  the  Allier,  Benevolent 
Hague  (probably  before  1040),  became  mas-  Public  (1X74);  Frogs  (1875),  Luxembourg 
ter  of  the  guild  in  1040,  court-painter  to  Museum  ;  Laughing  Water,  Kids  (1870); 
Princess  Mary  of  Orange,  and  in  1050  was  Mill,  Chief  Place  by  the  Fire  (1877);  Mil- 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  new  painters'  ler's  Excursion  (1878);  Victim  of  the  Sup- 
guild,  Pictura,  and  its  first  dean.  His  por-  per  (1879);  Sleeping  Water  (18X0);  Wooded 
traits  are  well  drawn,  full  of  expression,  and  Pond,  My  Garden  (1XX1);  Autumn,  Hoeing 
of  fine  colouring.  Works:  Portrait  of  Con-  (1X82);  The  Middle  Row  (1883);  Septem- 
stantyn  Huygens  and  Children  (1040)  Hague  ber.  April  (1884);  Peaks  of  the  Grove,  Use- 
Museum  ;  Portrait  of  Jan  de  Wit  (1652),  ful  Man  (1885).  -Gax.  des  B.  Arts,  xvii.  10, 
Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Family  Group  engaged  102,  308  ;  Larousse. 
in  Music,  Female  Portrait,  do.  (1001),  Bruns-  HANS  VAN  KALKAR.  See  Knlhir. 
wick  Museum  ;  Portrait  of  Prince  William1  HANSCH,  ANTON,  born  in  Vienna, 
Frederick  of  Orange  (1001),  Weimar  Mu-  March  24,  1X13,  died  in  Sal/burg,  Dec.  8, 
seuni  ;  do.  of  Great  Elector  (1059),  Wm-Iitz  1870.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna 
Gallery  ;  do.  of  Charles  I.,  and  of  Van  Dyck,  Academy  under  Moessmer.  Studied  the 
Vienna  Museum. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  522:  old  masters,  and  made  frequent  journeys  to 
Burger,  Musees,  ii.  227  ;  Immerzeel,  ii.  13  ;  the  Austrian  Alps,  to  Switzerland,  Upper 
Kramin,  ii.  037  ;  Riegel,  Beitriige,  ii.  219.  Italy,  and  Belgium.  Gold  medal,  1839. 

HANNL,  MAX,  born  in  Prague  in  1090,  Prizes,  1839,  1859,  1800.     In  1848  he  was 

died  in  Vienna  in  1758.     German  school  ;  made  member,  and  in  1871  senator,  of  the 

portrait  painter,  said  to  have  been  a  pupil  Vienna  Academy.     Settled  at  Salzburg  in 

of  Kupeczky.     His   portraits    show   broad  1873.     He  was  one  of  the  leading  landscape 

207 


HAXSELAERE 


painters  of  the  Vienna  school.  Works  : 
View  near  Hiefllau,  Styria  (183U);  Neuwald 
near  the  Schneeberg  (1830);  Lake  of  Con- 
stance, Fir  Wood  in  the  Salzkammergut ; 
View  at  Gollinger  Falls  ;  After  the  Storm  ; 
From  the  Wilderness  of  Styria  ;  At  Beruina 
Pass  ;  View  on  the  Kouigsee  (1849),  Glacier 
of  the  Jungfrau  (1853),  Under  the  Lindens 
(1858),  Museum,  Vienna;  View  in  the  Salz- 
kammergut,  Academy,  ib. ;  Alpine  Forest 
(I860);  GossauLakc(lSGi)),  Oet/.thal Glacier, 
View  on  Cliieni  Lake,  The  Wetterliorn. — 
Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  525  ;  Kuust-Chronik, 
xii.  239;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xvii.  435 ;  [ 
Wurzbaeh,  vii.  325. 

HANSELAERE,  PIETER  VAN,  born  in  ' 
Ghent,  July  13,  178(i,  died  there,  March  10, 
18(12.  History  and  portrait  painter,  pupil 
of  Ghent  Academy  under  Van  Huft'el,  ob-  j 
tained  the  lirst  prize,  and  in  180!)  went  to 
Paris,  where  he  studied  under  David,  won 
the  grand  prize  at  Ghent  in  1814.  and  went 
to  Italy  in  1810  ;  became  court-painter  to 
King  of  Naples  and  member  of  Rome  and 
Naples  Academies,  and,  after  his  return  in 
1829,  professor  at  Ghent  Academy.  Works  : 
Sacrifice  of  Abel  (1H14);  Martyrdom  of  St. 
Stephen,  Ghent  Museum  ;  Philip  van  Arte- 
vclde  inciting  llebellion  in  Ghent ;  Susanna 
at  the  Bath,  Artist's  Portrait,  National  Mu- 
seum, Amsterdam  ;  Roman  Woman  Pray- 
ing, Weimar  Museum. — Immcrzeel,  ii.  14  : 
Kramm,  ii.  (il'J. 

HANSEN,  HANS  NIKOLAI,  born  in 
Copenhagen,  May  5,  1853.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Copenhagen  Academy,  where  he 
took  several  prizes.  Works :  Outside  the 
Gate  (18G8) ;  From  a  Churchyard  (1880)  ; 
After  Breakfast,  Children  on  the  Heath, 
(1881);  Troubadours  (1882).— Sigurd  Mid- 
ler, 138. 

HANSEN,  HEINRICH,  born  at  Haders- 
leben,  Nov.  23,  1821.  Architecture  painter, 
pupil  of  Copenhagen  Academy.  In  1847 
travelled  through  Germany,  and  in  1850-52 
visited  Western  Europe  and  Spain.  Mem- 
ber of,  and  professor  at,  Copenhagen  Acad- 
emy. Works:  Interior  of  St.  Sablou's  in 


Brussels  (1853),  Chamber  of  Christian  IV. 
at  llosenborg  Castle  (1855),  Boom  in  Town 
Hall  of  Bruges  (1858),  Copenhagen  Gallery  ; 
San  Marco  ;  Oratory  of  Christian  TV. ;  Coun- 
cil Chamber  in  Palazzo  Ducale,  Venice  ;  In- 
terior of  IGth  Century  in  Liibeck  (1878). — 
Sigurd  Miiller,  143  ;  Weilbach,  242. 

HANSEN,  KONSTANTIN,  born  in  Rome, 
Nov.  3,  1804,  died 
March  27,  1880. 
Genre  and  history 
painter,  son  of  the 
portrait  painter  Hans 
H.  (17G9-1828),  pu- 
pil of  Christopher  V. 
Eckersberg ;  was  in 
Italy  in  1835-41, 
and  painted  many 
scenes  from  popular 
life  ;  after  his  return  executed  mythological 
scenes  in  fresco  in  the  University  of  Copen- 
hagen. Member  of  Copenhagen  Academy 
in  1804,  professor,  and  since  1873  vice- 
director.  Works  :  vEgir's  Banquet,  Copen- 
hagen Gallery  ;  Reading  from  Ariosto  (1839); 
The  Housewife  (1851))  ;  Interior  of  Mill  near 
Hellebek  ;  Assembly  of  the  States  at  Chris- 
tiansborg. — Sigurd  Miiller,  127  ;  Weilbach, 
22!). 

HANSEN  BALLING,  OLE  PETER, 
born  in  Christiania,  April  23,  1823.  Genre 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Berlin  and 
Copenhagen  Academies,  entered  the  army 
in  1848,  went  to  America  in  1850,  took  part 
in  the  Civil  War  as  commander  of  a  regi- 
ment of  volunteers,  and  afterwards  returned 
to  Christiania,  where  he  portrayed  especially 
officers  of  the  Norwegian  navy.  Works : 
Cavalry  Skirmish  near  Rendsburg ;  Portraits 
of  General  Grant  and  several  other  Ameri- 
can generals. — Weilbach,  246. 

HANSONN,  CHRISTIAN  HEINRICH, 
born  at  Altona  in  1791,  died  there,  May  1, 
18G3.  History  and  portrait  painter,  first 
instructed  in  Hamburg ;  tried  portrait 
painting  successfully,  went  to  Stralsund, 
and  afterwards  to  Vienna,  whence,  with  the 
Danish  painter  Bravo,  went  to  Rome,  where 


20H 


IIAXTZSCII 


he  improved  through  intercourse  with  Ilein- 
hanlt,  Koch,  iinil  Cornelius  ;  after  a  short 
visit  home,  lie  passed  six  years  in  Italy,  and 
then  resided  in  Munich  in  1830-45.  In 
1845  he  painted  four  large  al tin-pieces  in 
Austria,  before  going  again  to  Italy,  whence 
he  returned  to  hi*  native  town  in  1)S50. 
Works  :  Youth  at  Nain  ;  Magdalen  ;  The 
Fisherman — after  Goethe  ( 1S:!3)  ;  Madonna  ; 
Christ  on  Mount  of  Olives  ;  Bathing  Girls  ; 
Portraits  of  Baron  von  Aretin,  of  the  painter 
Morgenstern,  and  many  others  ;  Scenes  from 
Mediieval  Life  in  German  Castles;  four 
great  Altarpieces  (1845)  ;  St.  Geuevicvo  in 
Prison  ;  Genius  with  a  Child  ;  Mother  and 
Child;  Group  of  Italian  Women. — Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  x.  543  ;  Cotta's  Kunstbl.  (1835), 
58;  Hamb.  K.  Lex.;  Si'.ltl. 

HAXTZSCH,  JOHAXX  GOTTLIEB, 
born  at  Xeudorf,  near  Dresden,  Marcli  I'.l, 
1794,  died  in  Dresden,  April  :!,  1848.  ( lenre 
painter,  pupil  of  Dresden  Academy  and  of 
Rossler.  Ho  satirized  the  philistinism  of 
small  towns  and  set  forth  the  humourous 
aspects  of  the  school-room  in  his  pictures. 
Works:  Saxon  Peasant's  Room;  Village 
School  ;  Youth  hath  no  Virtue  ;  Sunday 
Morning  (18:iO),  Leipsic  Museum  ;  At  the 
Dentist's  (1839),  National  Gallery,  Berlin. - 
Jordan  (1885),  ii.  84. 

HAPPEL,  FRIEDHICH,  born  at  Arns- 
berg,  Westi)halia,  May  23,  1825,  died  in 
Diisseldorf,  July  5,  1854.  Animal  painter, 
brother  of  Peter  Friedrich,  pupil  of  the 
Diisseldorf  Academy  in  18158  41.  Works: 
Foxes  fighting  about  Dying  Buck  (1844); 
Hounds,  Foxes  hunting  Hares,  Fighting 
Stags  (1851-52) ;  Fox  Family,  Young  Foxes 
Playing,  Young  Foxes  waiting  for  their 
Parents  (1853);  Stag  Calling  (1854) ;  Foxes 
attacking  Wounded  Buck  (1855). — Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  x.  552  ;  Andresen,  v.  197. 

HAPPEL,  PETER  FRIEDRICH,  born 
at  Arnsberg,  Westphalia,  March  2(i,  1813, 
died  in  Dlisseldorf,  May  23,  1854.  Land- 
scape painter,  pupil  from  1829  of  the  Dds- 
seldorf  Academy  under  Schirmer.  Opened 
a  studio  in  1842  at  Ddsseldorf,  which  he  left 


only  at  intervals  for  study  at  Munich  and  in 
the  country.  Hi!  has  been  called  the  painter 
of  German  summer.  Was  secretary  of  the 
Diisseldorf  Artists'  Association.  Works  : 
View  in  Sauerland  (1837)  ;  Mountain  Land- 
scape in  liain  (1839);  View  in  Isar  Valley 
(1840);  Maleiche  (1K42)  ;  Way  to  Village 
(1847);  Moorland  (1848);  Harvest  Scene, 
Mill  (185(1);  View  in  the  Eifel,  Harvest, 
with  Procession,  View  in  thu  Odcnwald. — 
Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  552. 

HAPPY  AS  A  KING,  William  GW//,,,-,  J. 
dough,  Liverpool  ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft.  3  in.  x  2 
ft.  1 1  in.  Children  swinging  on  a  gate  in 
il  wood.  Painted  in  1831!  ;  sold  to  Messrs. 
Findcn,  275  guineas.  Repetition  (IS:!(1)  ju 
National  Gallery,  from  Vernon  Collection, 
1847.  Engraved  by  E.  Finden,  C.  ('onsen. 
—  Wilkie  Collins,  Memoirs,  ii.  (id,  349. 

HAQl'ETTK,  GKOKGKS,  born  in  Paris; 
contemporary.  Genre  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Addlphe  Millet,  and  of  Cabanel. 
Medal,  :!d  class,  1880.  Works:  Wandering 
Musicians  (187<>) ;  At  the  Guardian's  (JS77); 
Sceneiit  I'olletnear  Dieppe  1 18~S);  Francine's 
MutV,  Interior  at  Pollet  (1879)  ;  Wandering 
Musicians  in  Norman  Tavern  ;  Fish-seller  at 
Dieppe  (1880)  ;  Interior  at  Mother  Panotte's, 
Father  Ma/ure  (1881)  ;  Departure  for  New- 
foundland, At  the  Pier  (1882);  Right  of  Pas- 
sage, Expectation  (1883)  ;  Salute  at  Calvary, 
A  Baptism  (1884)  ;  The  Signal  (1SS0,  Mrs. 
M.  J.  Morgan,  New  York  ;  Landing  of  Fish- 
ermen, Blast  of  Wind  (  1885).  Bellier,  i.  741. 

HARBURGER,  EDMUND,  born  at  Ei.-h- 
stiidt,  Bavaria,  April  4,  184<>.  ( lenre  painter, 
pupil  of  Munich  Academy  under  Linden- 
schmitt;  subjects  mostly  humourous.  Works: 
Beer-Drinker,  Village  Barber  (1872)  ;  Con- 
trasts (1873);  Senator  (1874),  Art  Union, 
Munich;  Old  and  Young  (1875)  ;  Education 
of  Bacchus  (187(>);  Young  Venetian  Woman; 
At  the  Silent  Hearth  ( 1883)  ;  Seamstress 
(1884)  ;  Head  Study,  Saint  Gall  Museum.— 
Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1873),  ii.  2-46  ;  Kunst-Chro- 
nik,  xx.  743. 

HARDING,  CHESTER,  born  at  Conway, 
Mass.,  Sept.  1,  1792,  died  in  Boston,  April 


HAEDING 

1,  1800.  Portrait  painter,  self-taught.  Orig-  |  Gurlitt  at  the  Desk,  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg, 
inally  a  turner,  then  a  soldier  in  the  war  :  — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  595  ;  Nagler,  Mon., 
of  1812,  and  a  house-painter  in  Pittsburgh,  [  ii.  1004. 

he  developed  a  talent  for  portrait  painting,  HARDORFF,  RUDOLF,  born  in  Ham- 
and  going  to  London  in  1832  met  with  burg,  March  8,  181C.  Marine  painter,  son 
much  success.  After  his  return  ho  exer-  and  pupil  of  Gerdt  ;  has  visited  Holland, 
cised  his  profession  in  .St.  Louis,  Philadel-  England,  and  Scotland,  and  paints  marines 


pliia.    and    I'.oston.      Works  :    Portraits    of 
Dukes  of  Norfolk,  Hamilton,  and  Sussex  ; 


effectively     with     interesting     accessories. 
Works  :  Sunrise  on  Coast  (1848),  Explosion 


Sir  Archibald  Alison;  Samuel  Rogers  ; :  of  Danish  Mau-of-  War  Christian  VIII.  near 
Lord  Aberdeen  ;  Daniel  Webster,  Bar  Asso-  Eckernforde  (1850),  Mouth  of  the  Thames 
ciation,  New  York  ;  Washington  Allston,  S.  near  Ramsgate  (1853),  Moonlight  on  Coast, 
Batchelder  ;  John  Randolph,  Corcoran  Gal-  Shipwreck,  Kuusthalle,  Hamburg ;  Naval 
lei-v,  Washington  ;  Daniel  Boone  ;  General  Victory  of  Germans  over  the  Danes  (1858)  ; 
Sherman  ;  Henry  Clay  ;  John  C.  Calhoun  ;  |  Roadstead  at  Isle  of  Wight  ;  The  Log-House 
Chief  Justice  Marshall;  Charles  Carroll  ;  in  Hamburg  Harbour;  Cladda  Rock  by 
William  Wirt  ;  Presidents  Madison,  Mon-  •  Moonlight ;  Scotch  Coast ;  Men-of-War  in 
roe,  and  J.  (I  Adams.  i  North  Sea.— Mailer,  237. 

HARDING,  JAMES  DUFFIELD,  born  HARDY,  FREDERICK  DANIEL,  born 
at  Deptford,  England,  in  17'.)8,  died  at  at  Windsor,  February,  182(i.  Genre  painter, 
Barnes,  Dec.  4,  18(i3.  Landscape  painter,  !  relinquished  music  for  painting  ;  began  to 
awarded  in  1818  a  medal  by  the  Society  of  exhibit  in  Royal  Academy  in  1851  views  of 
Arts,  elected  in  1821  an  associate,  and  in  domestic  interiors,  which  have  made  him 
1822  a  member  of  the  Water-Colour  Society,  popular.  Exhibits  chiefly  at  Royal  Acad- 
which  he  left  in  1847  to  become  a  candidate  emy.  Works  :  The  Sweep  (18(52)  ;  Playing 
for  the  11.  A.,  but  failing  returned  to  it  in  at  Doctor  (1863) ;  The  Pedlar  (180-1);  Leaky 
1857.  Visited  Italy  in  1830  ;  promoted  Roof  (1805)  ;  Threatened  Deluge  (1806)  ; 
lithography,  and  wrote  several  works  on  art.  Broken  Window  (1809)  ;  Reading  the  Will 
For  his  lithographic  drawings,  exhibited  at  (1870)  ;  Housekeepers  Alarmed  (1871)  ; 
the  Louvre,  he  received  two  gold  medals  Looking  for  Father  (1873)  ;  Stirring  News 
from  the  Academic  des  Beaux  Arts.  Works:  (1875);  A  Misdeal  (1877);  Prayer  for 
The  Alps  from  Secco  to  Coino  ;  The  Jung-  Those  at  Sea,  Music  Party  (1879) ;  Evening 
frau  ;  Angers  on  the  Loire  ;  View  of  Frei-  with  Mozart  (1881)  ;  Reading  the  Spectator 
burg;  Falls  of  Schaffhauscn  ;  On  the  Mo-  in  1711  (1882)  ;  In  Memoriam  (1883);  Ves- 
selle,  Sir  Richard  Wallace,  London  ;  Pollards  pers  (1884). 

in  Windsor  Meadows,  Tintern  Abbey,  Land-  ,  HARDY,  HEY  WOOD,  born  in  England; 
scape  with  Hovels,  South  Kensington  Mu-  contemporary.  Genre  painter.  Exhibits  at 
seum.— Art  Journal  (1850),  181  ;  (1850),  Royal  Academy  and  Grosvenor  Gallery. 
270  ;  (1804),  31),  89.  |  Works :  Christmas  Eve  (1877)  ;  Meg  Mer- 

HARDORFF,  GERDT,  born  in  Hamburg  rilies  and  the  Laird  of  Ellangowan  (1879)  ; 
Territory  (Altenland),  May  11,  1709,  died  in  !  Sidi  Ahmed  ben  Avuda  and  the  Holy  Lion, 
Hamburg  in  1804.  History  painter,  pupil  Life's  Chequered  Ways,  Lovers'  Meeting, 
in  Hamburg  of  Anton  Tischbeiu,  and  from  '  Sleeping  Beauty,  Little  Sisters  (1881) ; 
1788  in  Dresden  of  Casanova  ;  returned  in  King's  Daughter,  Slain  Enemy  (1882);  Lion 
1796  to  Hamburg,  where  he  became  pro- '  in  Love,  New  Arrival,  General  Assembly 
fessor  at  the  Johanncum.  Works  :  Cain  ;  (1883)  ;  Rear  Guard,  Sale  of  Cavalry  Horses, 
after  the  Fratricide  (1794) ;  Last  Supper,  i  Wanderers  (1884)  ;  Roused,  Trespassers 
Crucifixion  (1790),  Magdalen;  Director ,  (1885). 

810 


HAREUX,  ERNEST  VICTOR,  born  in 
Paris,  Feb.  18,  1847.  Landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Charles  Bussou,  Bin,  Trottin,  Pe- 
louse,  and  Levasseur.  Medals :  3d  class, 
1880  ;  2d  class,  1885.  Works  :  End  of  Se(>- 
tember  Day  (1808);  Before  the  Rain  (187(1); 
Banks  of  the  Seine  (1875);  Day  after  Fete 
(1878)  ;  Return  from  Market,  Summer  in 
Normandy  (187!))  ;  Vegetable  Garden, 
Trench  of  Digue-Blanche  (1880)  ;  Moon- 
rise  after  Rain  (1881) ;  Banks  of  the  Creu/.e 

(1882)  ;     Storm,    Moonrise    in    November 

(1883)  ;  Twilight  in  July,  November  Morn- 
ing (1884);  Banks  of  the  Creuze,  Autumn 
Night  (1885).— Bellier,  i.  742. 

HARLAMOFF,  ALEXIS,  born  at  Sara- 
toft',  Russia,  in  184'.).  Genre  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  St.  Petersburg  Academy 
under  MarkotV;  won  in  1870  first  prix  de 
Rome,  continued  his  studies  in  Paris  under 
Bonnat,  and  spent,  two  years  in  Holland  and 
Germany,  and  one  year  in  Belgium.  Mem- 
ber of  St.  Petersburg  Academy.  Medal,  -!d 
class,  Paris,  1878.  Works  :  Music  Lesson  ; 
Children  and  Flowers;  Maiden  of  Mordva  ; 
Portraits  of  Turgenetl',  M.  and  Madame  Vi- 
ardot,  Emperor  Alexander  II.,  Prince  Kots- 
chnbei,  Madame  TretiakolV. 

HAHLOW,  GEORGE  HENUY.  born  in 
London,  June  10,1787, 
died  there,  Feb.  4, 
1810.  Portrait  paint- 
er, pupil  of  De  Cort, 
Drummond,  and  Sir 
Thomas  Lawrence  ; 
first  exhibited  at  Royal 
Academy  in  1805.  In 
1818  he  visited  Rome; 
was  introduced  to  the 
Pope  by  Canova,  and 

through  him  made  a  member  of  the  Acad- 
emy of  St.  Luke.  Best  known  work,  Trial 
of  Queen  Catherine,  with  Kemble  portraits. 
— Redgrave  ;  F.  de  Conches,  411. 

HARMS,  JOHANN  OSWALD,  born  in 
Hamburg  in  1042,  died  at  Brunswick  in 
1708.  German  school ;  landscape  and  archi- 
tecture painter,  pupil  of  Ellerbrock  in  Hani- 


burg  ;  studied  in  Rome  under  Sal vator  Rosa, 
whom  he  imitated  successfully.  After  his 
return  he  lived  long  in  Dresden,  where  ho 
painted  decorations  for  the  theatre.  Works : 
Winter  Landscape  (1075),  Schwerin  Gallen  ; 
others  in  Brunswick  Museum.  His  sun, 
August  Friedrich  (died  at  Cassel  in  1715), 
also  painted  landscape  and  architecture, 
but  with  especial  skill  dead  game,  of  which 
excellent  specimens  are  in  the  galleries  of 
Brunswick  (2)  and  Copenhagen.  In  the 
cathedral  at  Brunswick  is  an  Ascension  bv 
him,  dated  ITliS.  He  ;ilso  wrote  on  art. 
Allgem.  d.  P.ioL'r..  x.  HI  I. 

HAKNKTT.  WILLIAM  M.  born  in  Phila- 
delphia. Pa.,  in  1S51.  Still-life  painter. 
pupil  of  the  National  Academv,  New  York. 
Studied  in  Frankfort  and  Munich.  IsSIl  s|. 
Studio  in  Munich.  Works:  Social  Club 
(IsT'.l)  ;  Still  Life  (1882),  T.  B.  Clarke,  New 
York  ;  Fruit,  Still  Life  (188:5). 

IIAKI'KK,  ADOLF  FKIKDItH 'H.  born  in 
I'.erlin,  Oct.  17,  1725.  died  there,  June  23, 
ISOIi.  Landscape  painter,  son  and  pupil  of 
Johann  H.  (horn  in  Stoi-kliolm  in  Hiss,  died, 
court-painter  in  Berlin,  iu  1710),  travelled 
then  for  eight  vears  in  France  ami  Italy,  and 
studied  especially  in  Koine  under  diehard 
Wilson.  In  175U  he  entered  the  Duke  of 
Wiirtemberg's  service,  became  court-painter 
in  175'.),  professor  at  the  newlyl'ounded 
Academv  in  17(il,  and  afterwards  at  the 
Karlschule.  He  was  rector  of  the  former 
in  1771-72,  and  of  the  latter  in  17*5  '.)(, 
and  from  1784  director  of  the  galleries. 
Work:  The  Garden  Theatre  at  the  Villa 
Madama.  Home  (  17(10)  ;  many  others  in  the 
Castles  of  Wiirtembcrg. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr., 
\.  (117  ;  Goethe,  Schwei/er  lieise,  i.  J.  17'.)7  ; 
Haakh,  Beitriige,  4. 

HAKPIGNIES,  HENPJ,  born  at  Valen- 
ciennes, July  28,  1810.  Landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Achard.  Both  iu  oil  and  water-col- 
our this  artist  stands  in  the  first  rank  of 
living  French  painters.  His  water-colours 
have  the  strength  and  breadth  of  the  Eng- 
lish school.  Has  exhibited  regularly  since 
1852.  Medals:  1800,  1808,  and  180!);  2d 


HAIUIACH 


class,  1878  ;  L.  of  Honour, 
1883.  Works  :  A  Deep  Road  (1852);  View 
of  Capri  (1855);  The 
Hedge  School,  A 
Panic,  Hunting 
Craw-Fish  (1857) ; 
The  Return,  A  Storm 
(1850) ;  Etlge  of  the 
Woods,  Evening  on 
"  the  Loire,  The  Loire 
(18(il);  The  Rooks 
(1803)  ;  The  Prom- 
enade (18G4) ;  Rome 

from  the  Palatine  Hill  (18G5)  ;  View  at 
Sorrento  (1805),  Douai  Museum  ;  Vesu- 
vius (1800)  ;  Evening  on  the  Campagna 
(1SOO),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Solitude 
(1SI17);  Souvenir  of  the  River  Meurthe 
(1808),  Lille  Museum  ;  Rocky  Road  (180!)); 
View  of  Montreal  (1870)  ;  Valley  of  Egeria 
(1870),  Opera  House;  Ruins  of  the  Castle 
of  Hi'risson  (1872)  ;  The  Wolfs  Jump 
(1873),  Orleans  Museum;  do.,  Luxembourg; 
River  Aunmnce,  A  Benevolent  Public  (1>S74); 
Oaks  of  Chateau-Rcnanl,  Valley  of  Au- 
inancc  (1875),  Luxembourg  ;  Meadow  in 
Bourbounais  (1870)  ;  Village  of  Chasteloy 
(1877)  ;  Old  Walnut  Tree  (1878)  ;  Pavilion 
of  Flora  from  the  Pont  Xeuf,  Turkeys  (1870); 
Return  from  Hunting  in  the  Evening  (18SO); 
Victim  of  Winter,  the  Loing  at  St.  Prive 
(1881)  ;  The  Loing,  The  Loire  (1882)  ; 
Woods  of  Tn'mellerie,  An  Afternoon  at  St. 
Prive  (1883)  ;  Loing  at  Tremellerie,  Moon- 


rise  (1884)  ;  The  Loire  at  Briare,  Farm  of 
Cour-Chaillot  (1885).— L'Art  (187!)),  xvi. 
200,  281  ;  I/irousse  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex., 
xxi.  400. 

HARRACH,  FERDINAND  VON,  Count, 
born  at  Rosnoch.au,  Silesia,  in  1832.  Land- 
scape and  historical  genre  painter,  pupil 
of  Weimar  Ail  School  under  Kalckreuth, 
Ramberg,  and  Pauwels  ;  took  part  in  the 


campaigns  of  1800  and  1870,  and  spent  one 
year  in  Italy.  Lives  in  Berlin  ;  member  of 
Berlin  Academy  since 
1873.  Works:  Cha- 
mois  Hunters  ;  Hem-y 
the  Fowler ;  Emperor 
Max  on  the  Martin  Wall ; 
Scotch  Fisherman's 
Family;  Chamois  Hunt; 
Seizure  of  Luther  on 
his  Return  from  Worms 
(1870),  Breslau  Muse- 
um ;  Arran  Island ;  Spring's  Beginning  ; 
Nocturnal  Attack  ;  Opened  Garden  Door  ; 
In  the  Vineyards  of  Wi'irth,  Outpost  on 
Mont  Vak'ricn,  Napoleon's  Letter  to  King 
William  (1872)  ;  Skating  in  Thiorgarten, 
Moltke  before  Paris  (1876)  ;  Death  of  the 
Sea-King;  Abraham's  Sacrifice  (1877);  An- 
nunciation to  the  Shepherds  (1878)  ;  Peter's 
Denial,  Breslau  Museum ;  Alpine  Landscape, 
Female  Portraits  (2,  1884).— Miiller,  238  ; 
Rosenberg,  Berl.  Malersch.,  231. 

HARHER,  HUGO,  born  at  Hirschberg, 
Silesia,  in  1830,  died  in  Rome,  Dec.  8,  1870. 
Genre  and  architecture  painter,  self-taught. 
Painted  his  first  pictures  in  Nuremberg, 
then  went  to  Munich,  where  he  was  much 
influenced  by  Piloty,  and  in  1802  to  Rome, 
where  he  allied  himself  closely  with  Passini. 
Returned  there  after  a  two  years'  sojourn  in 
Diisseldorf.  In  sunlight  effects  took  Oswald 
Achenbach  for  his  model ;  was  strong  in 
perspective.  View  in  Olevauo  (1870),  Berne 
Museum. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  040;  Kunst- 
Chronik,  xii.  287,  478. 

HARRIET,  FULGIRON  JEAN,  born  in 
Paris  (?),  died  in  Rome  in  1805.  History 
painter,  pupil  of  David  ;  won  the  grand  prix 
de  Rome  in  1703,  and  first  prize  in  1800 
and  1802.  In  1803  he  went  to  Rome,  and 
died  there,  leaving  his  Horatius  Codes  un- 
finished. Works  :  Battle  of  the  Horatii  and 
Curiatii  (1800)  ;  Androclus  and  the  Lion 

(1802)  ;  Brutus  dying  on  the  Battle-Field 

(1803)  ;   Horatius  Codes  on  the  Subliciau 
Bridge  (1805).— Seubert,  ii.  175. 

HARRISON,  LOWELL  BIRGE,  born  in 


S12 


HARRISON' 


Philadelphia,  Nov.  28, 1854.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  iu  Paris  of  C.irolus  Duran,  and  of  tlio 
JCcole  des  Beaux  Arts  under  Cabanel.  Ex- 
hibited first  in  Salon  of  1881.  Returned  to 
America  in  1882,  painted  in  New  Mexico  in 
1883.  Studio  in  Paris.  Works  :  Waif  from 
the  Sea  (1881)  ;  Return  from  First  Com- 
munion (1882)  ;  November  (purchased  by 
French  Government)  ;  Little  Goose-Herd, 
Motherless,  Summer  Idyl,  Calling  Home  the 
Cows,  Milkmaid,  Modern  Pompeiian,  Friends 
or  Foes  (1884). 

HARRISON,  THOMAS  ALEXANDKH, 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Jan.  17,  1853.  Genre 
and  landscape  painter,  brother  of  Lowell 
Birge  ;  pupil  of  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts  under 
Gere/me.  Exhibited  first  in  Salon  of  1881  ; 
Honourable  Mention,  1885.  Gold  medal, 
S.  Francisco,  1878.  Studio  in  Paris.  Works  : 
Au  Bords  de  la  Mer,  Shipwrecked,  Coast  of 
Brittany  (18S1)  ;  Chateaux  en  Espagne 
(1882)  ;  Tlje  Amateurs,  Little  Slave  (1883)  ; 
Harbour  of  Concarneau,  Pebbly  Beach, 
Breton  Garden,  Twilight,  The  Shipwrecked 
of  Glenans  (1884)  ;  Sea-shore,  The  Wave 
(18S5).  Butler  Harrison,  n  younger  brother, 
has  studied  in  Paris  since  1881,  with  Bou- 
langer  and  Lefebvre.  Work,  Little  Grand- 
mother (1884),  Philadelphia  Academy  Ex- 
hibition. 

HAHT,  JAMES  M<  DOUGAL,  born  iu 
Kilmarnock,  Scot  land, 
May  10,  1828.  Land- 
scape painter  ;  taken  to 
America  in  18151  ;  pupil 
of  his  brother,  William 
Hart,  and  in  1851  of 
Schirmer  in  Dilsseldorf. 
Elected  an  A.  N.A.  in 
1857,  and  N.A.  in  185!). 
Studio  in  New  York. 
Works :  On  the  Croton, 
Launt  Thompson  ;  Landscape  and  Cattle, 
J.  H.  Sherwood,  New  York  ;  Morning  in  the 
Adirondacks,  M.  O.  Roberts  Collection,  il>. ; 
Summer  on  the  Boquet  River,  Stewart  Gal- 
lery, ib. ;  Summer  Memory  of  Berkshire,  E. 
D.  Morgan  Collection,  ib. ;  Autumn  Woods, 


Rush  C.  Hawkins,  ib. ;  Glimpse  of  Cayuga 
Lake,  J.  W.  Pinehot,  ib.  ;  Adirondack* 
(185!)),  W.  T.  Walters,  Baltimore;  Dr,n-e  at 
the  Ford  (1874),  Corcoran  Gallery,  Wash- 
ington ;  Threatening  Weather,  In  the  Pas- 
ture (1877)  ;  Midsummer's  Day  (1878)  ; 
Through  Dust-Clouds  (18711) ;  Farmington 
River,  At  the  Brooksido  (1880)  ;  Loitering 
at  Noonday,  In  our  Village  (1881)  ;  Princess 
Lily  (188-2);  In  the  Old  Orchard,  Oaks  in 
Autumn  (1883) ;  So  Near  and  Yet  so  Far, 
Boughs  for  Christmas  (  18S1)  ;  At  the  Water- 
ing Trough  (1885). — Art  Journal  (1877). 

:U4. 

HAHT,  SOLOMON'  ALKKANI  >KR.  born 
in  Plymouth,  April,  1801!,  died  in  London, 
June  11,  1881.  History  and  portrait  paint- 
er, apprenticed  in  London  to  Samuel  War- 
ren, engraver  :  became  student,  in  Koyal 
Academy  in  1823,  A.U..V  in  1835,  and  \i\. 
in  1840  :  was  professor  of  painting  (here  in 
1854  (13,  and  librarian  in  18U5  81.  First 
won  notice  by  his  Isaac  of  York  in  the  Castle 
of  Front  de  B<eiif.  Other  works:  Interior 
of  a  Jewish  Synagogue,  National  Gallery  ; 
Henry  I.  receiving  News  of  the  Shipwreck 
and  Deatli  of  his  Son  (1840):  Execution  of 
Lady  Jane  Grey,  Plymouth  Gallery;  Co- 
lumbus and  the  Child  ;  Wolsev  and  Buck- 
ingham ;  Dante;  The  Hoarder  (1881).- 
Cat.  Nat.  Gal.;  Art  Journal  (1881),  223; 
Sandby,  ii.  !(>(>;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xix. 
457. 

HART,  WILLIAM,  born  in  Paisley,  Scot- 
land, March  31,  1823.  Landscape  and  ani- 
mal painter,  self-taught  ;  brother  of  James 
McDougal  ;  taken  to  America  in  early  youth. 
In  1841*  visited  Scotland,  where  he  studied 
and  painted  three  years.  Elected  an  A.N.A. 
in  1857,  and  N.A.  in  1858.  Studio  in  New 
York.  Works:  Near  Keene,  Mt,  Desert,  S. 
V.  Wright ;  After  the  Shower,  S.  J.  Harriot  ; 
Peace  and  Plenty  (1855)  ;  Close  of  Day— 
Mt.  Desert  (1850);  Lake  in  the  Hills  (1858); 
White  Mountain,  E  B  Warren,  Philadel- 
phia; Joy  of  Autumn  (18C5);  Golden  Hour 
(1872);  Morning  in  the  Mountains  (1874); 
Kecne  Valley  (1875);  Jersey  Cattle  (187!)); 


IIABTMANN 


Hillside  Pasture  (1880);  Last  Gleam,  Cattle 
iu  the  Lane,  Family  Group  (1881);  Land- 
scape and  Cattle  (1882);  Path  by  the  River 
(1883) ;  Passing  Shower,  Napanock  Meadows, 
Group  of  Cattle  (1884). 

HARTMANN,  CHRISTIAN  FERDI- 
NAND, born  in  Stuff g-art,  July  14,  1774, 
died  in  Dresden,  Jan.  C,  1842.  History 
painter,  pupil  at  the  Karlsduile  under 
Hetsch  ;  went  in  1794  to  Rome,  which  he 
visited  again  in  1820-23  and  1828  ;  worked 
in  Stuttgart  and  Dessau,  and  lived  from 
1803  in  Dresden,  where  he  became  profes- 
sor of  the  Academy  in  1810,  and  director  in 
1823.  Works:  Hector's  Farewell  (1812); 
Theseus  and  (Edipus  (181(5);  The  Erl-King, 
Death  snatching  from  a  Mother  her  Chil- 
dren, Stuttgart  Gallery  ;  Rape  of  Hylas, 
Leipsic  Museum  ;  Hector  and  the  Trojan 
Women  ;  Portraits  of  Matthison,  Quandt 
(182(1),  and  of  himself,  the  last  in  the  Dres- 
den Gallery. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  082  ; 
Haakh,  Beitriige,  15  ;  Kiigelgen,  Jugend- 
Erinnerungen,  114,  etc.;  Riegel,  98. 

HAKTMAXN,  JOHANN  JACOB,  born 
at  Kuttenberg,  Bohemia,  in  1(580,  died  in 
Prague  about  1730  (V).  Landscape  paint- 
er, a  very  clever  imitator  of  Jan  Brueghel, 
Ant.  Myron,  a  follower  of  Brueghel,  being 
his  immediate  model  ;  seems  to  have  set- 
tled in  Prague  in  1702.  Work,  The  Four 
Elements,  Vienna  Museum.  His  son 
and  pupil,  Fran/,  (died  in  1730),  painted 
in  the  same  style,  and  found  ready  purchas- 
ers for  his  pictures  abroad. — Dlabacz,  i. 
568. 

HARTMANN,  LUDWIG,  born  in  Mu- 
nich, Oct.  15,  1835.  Landscape  and  ani- 
mal painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy 
(1857),  and  of  Wagner-Deines.  Works : 
Shipping  Expedition  on  the  Inn,  Horse- 
Dealer  coming  from  Market  (1863);  Peas- 
ants working  in  Field  (186(5);  Potato  Har- 
vest (1867);  Span  (1870);  Rest  in  the  Field 
(1872);  Camp  of  Cartmen  ;  Relay-Horses  by 
a  Hill  (1873);  Halt  before  Tavern  (1874); 
In  the  Shade.— Miiller,  240. 

HARVENG,  KARL  FRIEDRICH,  born 


in  Frankfort  in  1832.  Genre  and  landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Stadel  Institute  under 
Steinle  and  Jakob  Becker,  and  from  1854 
hi  Carlsruhe  of  Schirmer  ;  went  regularly 
to  the  Black  Forest  for  ten  years  to  make 
studies,  and  afterwards  visited  Tyrol,  Switz- 
erland, and  Southern  France.  In  1862-6G 
spent  his  winters  in  Diisseldorf ;  lives  now 
in  Frankfort.  Works :  Heather  in  Black 
Forest  ;  School  Children  in  Approaching 
Storm  ;  St.  Peter  near  Meran,  Tyrol ;  Pict- 
ures in  Art  Unions  of  Hamburg,  Carlsruhe, 
Berlin,  and  Dresden.—  Miiller,  240. 

HARVEST  WAGON,  Thomas  (,'ai>i.-<l>»r- 
inii/h,  Lord  Tweedmouth;  canvas,  H.  4  ft. 
y  4  ft.  9  in.  Scene  in  neighbourhood  of 
Bath  ;  a  harvest  wagon  passing  along  a 
sequestered  spot  at  evening,  the  driver  stop- 
ping his  team  for  a  girl  to  mount  ;  another 
girl  seated  in  wagon  ;  portraits  of  two  of 
Gainsborough's  daughters.  Painted  about. 
17(!8  for  Mr.  Wiltshire  ;  sold  at  sale  of  col- 
lection of  his  grandson,  J.  Wiltshire  (1867), 
to  Mr.  Davis  of  Bond  Street  for  X3,0'J7 
10s.  Sketch,  Sir  George  Beaumont,  Bart. — 
Fulcher,  70,  198. 

HARVEY,  Sir  GEORGE,  born  at  St. 
Ninians,  near  Stir- 
ling, Feb.,  180(5, 
died  in  Edinburgh, 
Jan.  22,  1876.  Sub- 
ject and  landscape 
painter;  entered 
Trustees'  Academy, 
Edinburgh,  in  1823, 
was  one  of  origi- 
nal associates  of 
the  Ro3ral  Scottish 
Academy  in  1826,  a  member  iu  1829,  and  its 
president  iu  1867,  when  he  was  knighted. 
His  subjects  were  largely  drawn  from  the 
wild  scenery  and  stirring  history  of  Scot- 
land, where  he  was  very  popular.  In  his 
later  years  he  devoted  much  time  to  land- 
scape painting.  Many  of  his  works  have 
been  engraved.  Works :  Covenanters 
1  Preaching  (1830)  ;  Covenanter's  Baptism 
(1831);  Battle  of  Diiimclog  (1836);  Shake- 


314 


HASELTIXE 


speare  before  SirT.  Lucy  (1837);  Covenant- 
er's Communion  (IN III);  Highland  i'unenil 
(1844);  Incident  in  Life  of  Napoleon  (184:5); 
Bunyan  in  Bedford  Gaol  (1838);  Mountain 
Pool  (1867);  (ileiiFiillocb(18(i(.t);  Dismiss- 
ing School  (1871);  Morning  on  Loch  A\vc, 
The  Curlers  (1873).— Redgrave  ;  Wilmot- 
Buxton,  158;  Art  Journal  (185(1),  341: 
(1858),  7:!. 

HASELTINE,  WILLIAM  STANLKY, 
horn  in  Philadelphia  ;  contemporary.  Land- 
scape painter,  pupil  of  Weber  in  Philadel- 
phia ;  also  studied  in  Diisseldorf.  Lived 
and  painted  for  many  years  in  Venice  and 
Koine.  Elected  X.A.  in  New  York  iu  18(11. 
but  rarely  exhibits.  Works  :  Castle  Rock 
— Xahant,  Calm  Sea,  Indian  Rock — Nahant. 
Jolni  Taylor  Johnston  Collection,  New  York  : 
Ostia,  J.  P.  Morgan,  ib. ;  Coast  of  Capri,  M. 
K.  Jesup,  ib.;  Sicily,  Natural  Arch  at  Capri, 
Ruins  of  Roman  Theatre  (I87(i);  Coast  near 
Amalfi,  Fairman  Rogers,  Philadelphia. 

HASENCLKVER,  JOHANN  PETER, 
born  at  Rem- 
scheid,  near  So- 
lingen,  May  18, 
1810,  died  in 
Diisseldorf,  Dec. 
It!,  185:5.  Genre 
a  n  (1  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of 
the  Diisseldorf 
Academy  under 
Schadow ;  went 
in  1838  to  Mu- 
nich, and  thence,  with  Preyer,  in  1840.  to 
Italy  ;  returned  to  Diisseldorf  in  1842,  and 
became  famous  through  his  humourous 
genre  scenes  from  German  burgher  life.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Berlin  ( 184:5),  Diissel- 
dorf, and  Amsterdam  Academies,  and  re- 
ceived a  gold  medal  at  Brussels.  W<  >rks  : 
Hieronymus  Jobs  returning  as  Student 
(1837)  ;  do.  at  the  Examination  (1842), 
A  Family  Quarrel,  New  Pinakothek,  Mu- 
nich ;  Tasting  Wine,  Reading  Room  (184:5), 
National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Jobs  as  School- 
master, Portrait  of  Painter  Preyer  (184(>), 


Tasting  Wine  (18471,  Portrait  of  Painter 
Hilgers  (1850),  do.  of  himself,  .Jobs  at  the 
Examination  (1851 ),  do.  as  Night  Watchman 
(1852),  Ravene  Gallery,  ib. ;  Gaming  Table 
(1844);  Labourer  and  Alderman  (184!l); 
Division  of  the  Prize  (1850);  First  Visit  to 
School  (1852);  Tasting  Wine  (185:5),  Diis- 
seldorf Gallery. — Allgeln.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  732  ; 
Kunstblatt  (1854).  2;  Faber,  vi.  4S3;  Illust. 
Xeitg.  (188:5),  i.  3:50;  W.  Miiller,  Diisseldorf 
K.,  27i;. 

HASKNPFLVG,  KARL  GKOUG 
ADOLF,  born  in  Berlin.  Sept.  li:i,  ISIIL', 
died  at  Halberstadt,  April  13,  185S.  Archi- 
tecture painter,  pupil  of  Karl  Gropius  and 
of  Berlin  Acadcmv.  His  tirst  large  paint- 
ing, exhibited  in  Berlin  and  Dresden  in 
1823,  excited  much  admiration.  He  re- 
turned to  Halberstadt  in  1*21!.  and  after 
1837  painted  chielly  views  of  ruined  con- 
vents and  castles  half  buried  in  snow. 
Works:  Cathedral  in  15th  <  Yiitury  (  1823|; 
St.  Severin's  Church  in  Krl'nrt  ;  Convent 
Church  in  12th  Century,  Gothic  Cathedral, 
Medieval  Castle  (182(i  30);  Interior  of  Co- 
logne Cathedral  (1S.'!'J);  Exterior  of  Same 
(1833);  Erfurt  Cathedral  (1827).  Halber- 
stadt Cathedral,  Views  in  do.  (18^8,  IS:!!!). 
National  Gallery,  Berlin;  Kloster  Halle  at 
Sunset  (1840),  Fiirstenberg  Gallery,  Donait- 
eschingcn  ;  Cloister  in  Winter  ( is  (II).  Kunst- 
halle,  Hamburg;  Old  Castle  Yard  (1852), 
Schwerin  Gallery;  Ruined  Chapel,  Stet- 
tin Museum  ;  Convents  of  Wallenried  and 
Heisterbach. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  x.  710; 
Kunstblatt  (185I1),  20  :  Rae/ynski,  iii.  ^21. 

HASSELHOHST,  HEINRICH,  born  in 
Frankfort,  April  4,  1825.  Genre  and  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  of  Stiidel  Institute  ;  in 
1851  and  in  1852-57  visited  Italy,  where  he 
painted  many  copies  after  old  masters,  and 
scenes  from  Roman  life.  In  18(!0  he  be- 
came professor  at  the  Stiidel  Institute,  and 
later  joined  an  expedition  to  the  North  Pole, 
which  gave  him  subjects  for  many  original 
paintings  from  Arctic  life.  Works :  The 
First  Child,  Portia  after  Scene  in  Court 
(1851);  Roman  Barber  in  Theatre  of  Mar- 


si  5 


IIASSLWAKDER 


cellus,  Roman  Wine-Collar. — Kaulen,  112  ; 
Miillcr,  241. 

HASSLWANDER,  JOSEF,  born  in  Vi- 
enna, Aug.  7,  1812,  died  at  Scheibbs,  Nether 
Austria,  Aug.  3,  1878.  History  painter, 
pupil  of  the  Vienna  Academy  and  one  of 
the  most  eminent  of  modern  Austrian  ar- 
tists. Works :  Genealogical  Picture  of 
House  of  Austria ;  Maria  Theresa  and  the 
Hungarians  in  the  Reichstag  in  1741  ;  The 
2d  of  September,  1081!  ;  Allegorical  Ship 
with  Francis  Joseph  I.  at  the  Helm  sur- 
rounded by  all  the  Nationalities  of  the  Em- 
pire ;  The  Lord's  Prayer  in  seven  water-col- 
ours.— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xi.  22  ;  Kunst- 
Clironik,  xvi.  (580  ;  Nagler,  Mon.,  iii.  100. 

HAUBEH,  JOSEF,  bora  at  Geratsried, 
Bavaria,  in  1700,  died  in  Munich  in  18154. 
History  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Vi- 
enna Academy,  then  studied  in  Munich 
where  he  had  great  success  with  copies  after 
Don,  Mieris,  Rubens  and  Van  Dyck,  and 
became  professor  at  the  Academy  in  1800. 
There  are  by  him  more  than  fifty  altar-pieces 
in  Munich  and  Upper  Bavaria.  Works  :  Jo- 
seph's Dream,  Christ  as  Gardener,  Church  of 
the  Holy  Ghost,  Munich;  Christ  on  the  Cross, 
Vision  of  Ezechiel;  Portrait  of  Abbot  Vagler 
(1808),  Darmstadt  Museum. — Nagler,  vi.  'A. 

HAUDEBOL'RT-LESCOT,  Mine.  HOR- 
TENSE  VICTOIRE,  born  in  Paris,  Dec. 
14,  1784,  died  there,  Jan.  2,  1845.  Genre1 
painter  and  lithographer,  pupil  of  Lethiere. 
Her  pictures  for  the  most  part  represent, 
popular  life  and  manners  in  Italy.  Works  : 
Preaching  in  Church  of  St.  Laurent  in  Rome 
(1810);  Game  of  Warm  Hand,  Beggar  at  a 
Convent  (1812) ;  Kissing  the  Foot  of  the 
Statue  of  St.  Peter  (1812);  do.  (1814),  Mont- 
pellier  Museum  ;  Incident  of  the  Fair  at 
Grotta  Ferrata,  Pifterari  before  a  Madonna, 
Confirmation  in  Church  of  St.  Agnes  (1814); 
Fortune  Teller  (1817),  Montpellier  Museum; 
A  Smuggler,  Vow  to  the  Madonna  during  a 
Storm,  A  Scribe  in  Rome  (1817);  Shipwreck 
of  Virginia,  Nuns  at  Prayer  (ordered  by 
State),  Interior  of  the  Cloisters  of  St.  fitienne 
du  Mont,  Dealer  in  Herbs  (1819),  Miller 


with  Donkey  (1819),  Neapolitan  Woman 
kneeling  before  Cross,  Italian  Family  Scene, 
Montpellier  Museum  ;  Temple  of  Vesta  at 
Tivoli,  Francis  I.  and  Diana  of  Poitiers 
(1819);  Old  Man  and  his  Children  (1819), 
Dijon  Museum  ;  Puppet-Shows  in  Rome, 
Dealer  in  Relics,  Sick  Mother,  Woman  sell- 
ing Cloth,  Prayer  at  the  Stations,  The  Ac- 
count with  the  Host,  The  Scolded  Maid-Ser- 
vant (1822);  Scene  from  Gil  Bias,  Jew  reading 
the  Bible,  Old  Clothes  Dealer,  Village  Con- 
cert, Artists  sketching  Cascades,  Blessing 
the  Halls,  II  Saltarello,  The  Egg  Market 
(1824);  Portrait  of  Herself  (1825),  Louvre  ; 
Inundation,  Little  Grape-Stealer,  Country 
Doctor,  Little  Smoker  (1820);  Inundation 
Scene,  Two  Scenes  from  Gil  Bias  (1827); 
Rural  Fete  near  Rome  (1831);  Poet  and  his 
Librarian  (1835);  Duchess  of  Angouleme 
and  Marguerite  of  Valois  receiving  News  of 
Battle  of  Pavia,  Death  of  Marie  de  Cleves, 
wife  of  Henri  I.  of  Conde  (1839);  Pope 
Eugene  III.  receiving  Ambassadors  of  King 
of  Jerusalem  in  1145  (1840);  Pictures  in 
Museums  at  Versailles,  Besancon,  Cher- 


r  M  « 


t  . 


bourg,  and  Aix.  —  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  fran- 
<;aise  ;  Lejeune,  Guide,  i.  438  ;  iii.  151  ; 
Meyer,  Gesch.,  160  ;  Bellier,  i.  743. 

HAUSCHILD,  MAX,  born  in  Dresden, 
Aug.  23,  1809.  Architecture  painter,  has 
lived  for  many  years  in  Rome.  Works  : 
Reception  of  Expelled  Monks  at  a  Monas- 
tery (1848),  Dresden  Gallery  ;  Interior  of 
St.  Mark's,  Venice,  St.  Gall  Museum  ;  Noc- 
turnal Hours  ;  Interior  of  Orvieto  Cathe- 
dral, Erfurt  Cathedral,  Grandduke  of  Olden- 
burg ;  Interior  of  Siena  Cathedral  ;  Church 
Interior,  Assisi.  —  Mtiller,  242. 

HAUSCHILD,  WILHELM,  born  at  Schle- 
gel,  Silesia,  Nov.  16,  1827.  History  painter, 
pupil  of  Munich  Academy  under  Phil. 
Foltz  ;  visited  Dresden,  Berlin,  and  Paris, 
and  settled  in  Munich.  Works  :  Crucifixion, 
Maximilianeum,  Munich  ;  Pictures  in  Greek 


316 


IIAUSHOFER 


Chapel  at  Baden-Baden.  In  fresco  :  Charles 
XII.  of  Sweden,  Elector  Max  Eniamiel  of 
Bavaria  before  Belgrade  ;  Buttle  of  Pultusk, 
National  Museum,  Munich. — Miiller,  242. 

HAUSHOFER,  MAX,  born  at  Nymphcn- 
burg,  near  Munich,  Sept.  20,  1811,  died  at 
Staruberg,  Aug.  24,  1806.  Landscape 
painter,  studied  from  nature  ;  in  18IS5  lived 
for  some  time  in  Itome  and  Naples,  and  vis- 
ited Sicily  ;  in  1844  became  professor  at  the 
Prague  Academy.  He  was  the  first  artist  to 
introduce  Bohemian  forest- views,  though  he 
preferred  to  paint  the  Bavarian  and  Tyro- 
lese  Alps,  and  especially  the  Cliiem  Lake. 
Works:  Lake  of  Agnano  (18115),  Cassel 
Gallery  ;  The  Konigsec  near  Berchtesgaden, 
Provin/ial  Museum,  Hanover  ;  Sunday  Morn- 
ing on  Chiem  Lake  (18:51))  ;  Nun  at  the 
Ijake,  Sunday  Stillness  (1842) ;  Blockeustcin 
I^ake  (1845)  ;  Outlook  from  the  Arbor,  View 
ofWalhalla  (1850);  Eibsee  (1855)  ;  Walch- 
ensee  (lS5(i),  New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ; 
Klonthal  Lake  (1858)  ;  Lake  Lu/.erne  (185'J), 
Vienna  Museum. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xi.  !)2; 
Illustr.  Zeitg.,  July  18,  180:5  ;  Kunst-Chron- 
ik,  i.  125 ;  Rac/ynski,  ii.  MO ;  Kegnet,  i. 
174  ;  Wurzbach,  viii.  87. 

HAUSMANN,  FKIEDU1CH  KAKL, 
born  in  Hanau  in  1825,  died  at  Hanau, 
March  10,  1880.  (Jenrc  painter,  pupil  of 
Hanau  Academy  under  Pelissier ;  studied 
in  1848-51  in  Antwerp,  and  copied  old  mas- 
ters there  and  in  the  museums  of  Holland  ; 
went  in  1851  to  Paris  to  study  under  Dela- 
roche,  and  afterwards  visited  Rome.  Since 
1804  director  of  Hanau  Academy.  Works  : 
Gypsy  Girl  Resting  ;  Gypsy  Boys  ;  Priest 
absconding  with  Gretehen's  Jewels  (18111), 
Paris  Gamins  (1852),  Galileo  before  the 
Inquisition  (1801),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ; 
Praying  Canons  ;  Pilgrimage  in  the  Cam- 
pugna  ;  Cinderella's  Sufferings. 

HAUSSY,  ARSENE  DESHtti  D',  born  in 
Paris,  Oct.  17,  1830.  Animal  painter  of  re- 
markable merit,  pupil  of  Lazergea.  Works : 
Lost  Sheep  (1864) ;  Black  Cows  (1806)  ; 
Normandy  Steer  (1867)  ;  Dog  Watching 
(1868);  Pasture  near  Trouville,  Bull-Terrier 


(180!)j  ;  White-Frost  in  Valley  of  Tourc<iueK, 
Breton  Cows  ( 1870). 

HAVRANEK,  FRIEDHICH,  born  in 
Prague,  Jan.  4,  1821.  Landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Prague  Academy  under  Anton 
Manes,  and  Christian  Ruben;  travelled  in 
Poland,  Saxony,  Tyrol,  Styria,  Bavaria,  and 
France.  His  works,  mostly  on  a  small 
scale,  are  remarkable  for  elaborate  detail, 
which  lias  obtained  for  him  the  surname  of 
the  landscape  Deniier.  Works  :  Peasant's 
Farm  in  Moravia  ;  Forest  Path  ;  Forest 
Spring;  Village  Street  in  Bohemia. 

HAY  HAKVKST  (Les  foins),  /;«.,•//,•»- 
Lepage,  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  canvas,  If. 
5  ft.  11  in.  ,  0  ft.  I  in.  Illustration  of  a 
poem  by  Andre  Theuriet.  Mid-day  in  a 
hay-tield  ;  in  foreground,  a  woman  seated 
on  the  hay,  her  hands  in  her  lap,  looking 
with  dreamy  eyes  into  the  future  ;  behind 
her,  a  man  lying  full  length  on  his  back, 
with  his  hat  over  his  eyes.  Salon,  1878. — 
(la/,  des  B.  Arts  (1878),  \\iii.  (i!). 

HAYDON,  BENJAMIN  KOBKKT,  born 
at  Plymouth,  Jan. 
20,  1786,  died  in 
London,  June  22, 
1810.  History 
painter,  pupil  of 
Royal  Academy 
in  18(15  ;  exhibit- 
ed in  180',)  his 
Dentatus  mur- 
dered by  his  own 
Soldiers,  but  dis- 
satisfied with  the 

position  assigned  it  refused  to  contribute 
anymore.  After  painting  portraits  in  Ply- 
mouth, he  won  a  considerable  reputation  in 
1814  bv  his  Judgment  of  Solomon,  which 
sold  for  700  guineas.  In  1820  he  produced 
Christ  s  Entry  into  Jerusalem,  the  exhibition 
of  which  in  London  brought  him  3,000  guin- 
eas; but  it  procured  him  no  commissions,  and 
was  finally  sold  for  €240  and  sent  to  Amer- 
ica. It  is  now  in  Philadelphia.  Though  in 
great  pecuniary  difficulties  and  several  times 
the  iuuiate  of  a  debtor's  prison,  he  still  clung 


HAYE 

to  the  belief  that  lie  was  the  great  historical  professor  at  the  Academy  and  the  head  of 
painter  of  the  age,  and  that  his  efforts  would  the  romantic  school.  One  of  the  most 
in  time  be  appreciated.  Hisllaisiwg  of  Laza-  prominent  among  modem  Italian  painters, 
rus  (14  x  20  ft.),  now  in  the  National  Gallery,  especially  noted  as  a  colourist.  Works: 
was  exhibited  with  sonic  success  in  1823,  Compassion  of  Ezekiel ;  Laocoou  (1812); 
and  a  few  years  afterwards  his  Venus  appear-  Pietro  Rossi  taking  Farewell  of  his  Family 
ing  to  Anchises,  Alexander  laming  Buceph-  (1820),  Brcra,  Milan  ;  Sicilian  Vespers  ; 
alus,  and  Euclus.  By  teaching  and  lecturing  Count  Carmagnola  hearing  his  Death  Sen- 
hc  maintained  his  family  for  a  time,  but  tence  ;  Mary  Stuart  on  her  way  to  the  Scaf- 
falling  into  new  troubles  and  overwhelmed  fold  ;  Filippo  Maria  Visconti  and  the  Queens 
by  disappointment,  at  the  cold  reception  of  Aragon  and  Navarra  (182!))  ;  Itnelda  de' 
given  in  1846  to  his  Banishment  of  Aristides,  Lambertaz/i  ;  Peter  the  Hermit  ;  Fugitives 
and  Xero  watching  the  Burning  of  Home,  of  Parga  ;  Maria  Theresa  at  Hungarian  Diet ; 
lie  committed  suicide.  Haydon's  Lectures  The  Two  Foscari,  Vienna  Museum  ;  Foscar- 
on  Fainting  were  published  in  1844  4(>,  and  ini  refusing  the  Hand  of  Valenza  Graden- 
his  Life  from  his  autobiography  and  jour-  niga  (181)15) ;  Last  Moments  of  Marino  Fa- 
nals,  edited  and  compiled  by  Tom  Taylor,  Hero  ;  Vittorc  Pisani  called  from  Prison 
in  185!!.  Works :  Portrait  of  Himself,  to  take  Command  of  the  Army  ;  Thirst  of 
Leigh  Hunt,  Anti-Slavery  Convention,  Na-  t lie  Crusaders  ;  Bath  of  the  Nymphs  ;  llape 
tional  Portrait  Gallery  ;  Punch  or  May-Day,  of  Ida;  Leda  ;  Greek  Pirates;  The  Kiss; 
liaising  of  La/arus,  National  Gallery;  Cas-  Battle  of  Magenta,  Portrait  of  Cavour  (1867) ; 
sandra,  Stafford  House. — Correspondence,  Flight  of  Bianca  Capello,  National  Gallery, 
etc.,  by  his  son  (London,  187(!)  ;  Stoddard,  Berlin.  —  L'lllustrazionc  italiana,  1875  ; 
Life,  Letters,  etc.  (New  York,  1876)  ;  lied-  Brockhaus,  viii.  1)32  ;  Nagler,  vi.  18  ;  Orloff, 
grave  ;  F.  de  Conches.  41!)  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  ii.  262. 
Ecole  anglaise  ;  Art  Journal  (185(1),  181.  HAYLS,  JOHN,  died  at  Bloomsbury  in 

HAYE,  REYNIER  DE  LA,  born  at  The  1679.  Portrait  painter,  the  contemporary 
Hague  (?),  where  mentioned  as  member  of  and  in  some  degree  the  rival  of  Lely  ;  was 
the  guild  in  Ki(i2.  Genre,  portrait,  and  an  excellent  copyist  of  Van  Dyck.  Works : 
still-life  painter,  in  the  manner  of  Terborch  Portrait  of  Samuel  Pepys,  National  Portrait 
and  Metsu  ;  removed  from  The  Hague  to  Gallery  ;  Portraits  of  Bedford  Family,  Wo- 
Utrecht,  where  he  was  received  into  the  burn  Collection. — Redgrave  ;  Pepys'  Diary, 
guild  in  l(i(i!t  ;  then  appears  as  master  of  Feb.  15,  March  17,  30,  April  11,  June  14, 
the  guild  at  Antwerp  in  1(!72.  Works  :  1606 ;  see  also  do.,  Mynor  Bright's  edition 
Lady  playing  the  Lute,  Gotha  Museum  ;  (187(i)  under  April  13,  1666. 
Flowers  and  Fruits,  Festoon  of  Flowers  HAYMAN,  FRANCIS,  bom  at  Exeter  in 
with  Insects,  Schwcrin  Gallery.  1708,  died  in  London,  Feb.  2,  1776.  His- 

HAYE/,  FRANCESCO,  born  in  Venice,  tory  painter,  pupil  of  Robert  Brown,  a  por- 
Feb.  10,  17!)1,  died  in  Milan,  Feb.  11,  1882.  trait  and  decorative  painter  (died  1753)  ; 
History,  genre,  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  employed  as  scene  painter  at  Drury  Lane 
of  Maggiotto  and  of  Venice  Academy  under  and  as  an  illustrator  of  books.  Painted  a 
Cicognara  ;  studied  also  in  Farsetti  Gallery,  series  of  designs  for  Vauxhall  Gardens, 
then  at  Milan  Academy,  where  in  1809  he  which  won  him  fame  ;  became  president  of 
obtained  the  prize  for  Rome,  there  studied  !  the  Society  of  Artists,  and  one  of  the  foun- 
under  Palagi,  and  then  went  to  Florence  dation  members  of  the  Royal  Academy,  of 
and  Venice  ;  painted  afterwards  frescos  in  '  which  he  was  the  first  librarian  in  1770. 
the  Vatican,  Rome,  and  in  Venice  Academy ;  Works  :  Finding  of  Moses,  Foundling  Hos- 
went  to  Milan  in  1820,  and  there  became  |.pital ;  Portrait  of  himself  with  Sir  R.  Wal- 


218 


IIAYOX 

pole,  National  Portrait  Gallery,  London. —  liament,   National    Portrait  Gallon'  ;  Coro- 

Redgrave  ;  F.  de  Couches,  85  ;  Sandby,  i.  !>4.  nation  of   Queen  Victoria  ;   Christening  of 

HAYON,  LEON  ALBERT,  born  in  Paris,  Prince  of  Wales,  The  Queen  ;  Angels  min- 
Nov.  1C,  1840.  Genre  and  portrait  painter,  istering  to  C'hrist  (1849),  South  Kensington 
pupil  of  Li-ou  Benonville,  Picot,  and  Pils.  Museum  ;  Joseph  interpreting  the  Chief 
Medal,  3d  class,  18815.  Works:  After  the  Baker's  Dream;  Three  Daughters  of  Ed- 
Harvest,  La  Cigale  (187G)  ;  Corner  in  Fan-  ward  Karl  of  Derby.  Knowsley  Hall, 
bourg,  St.  Honore  (1877);  The  Gleaners  HFADK,  MARTIN  -I.,  born  in  Bucks 
(187!));  Dindonnette  (18SO) ;  Fowl-Plucker  County,  Pa.:  contemporary.  Landscape 
(1881);  The  Day  is  Done  (1882);  Return  painter;  studied  .two  years  in  Italy,  and 
from  Market  (1881!)  ;  Mother  Madeleine,  sketched  in  South  America.  During  a  visit 
Old  Age's  Staff  (1884) ;  Birthday  (1885).-  to  Bra/il  he  received  the  decoration  of  Chev- 
Bellier,  i.  747.  alior  of  the  Order  of  the  Rose  from  the  Em- 

HAYS,  WILLIAM  JACOB,  born  in  New  peror.     His    Bra/ilian    sketches,    originally 

York,    Aug.    8,    ls:!0,    died   there   in    1875.  intended    for    a    book   on    South    American 

Animal  painter,  pupil  in  drawing  of  J.  R.  Humming-Birds,    are    now    owned    by    Sir 

Smith,  New  York  ;  went  in  18CO  to  the  head-  Morton  P<  to,  London.     Has  lived  and  paint- 

waters  of  the  Missouri  to  paint  the  fauna  of  ed   in   the   Western   Sttites   and   in    Boston. 

that  region  ;  afterwards  visited  Nova  Scotia  Studio    in    New   York.      Works:    Point    Jn- 

and  the  northern  parts  of  the  United  States  dith  ;  Off  the  California  Coast  (isTi'o;  South 

to   study   wild    animals    in    their    homes.  American  Scene,  High  Tide  on  the  Marshes, 

Works:  Herd  of  Bisons  (1801);  The  Stam-  Apple  Blossoms,  Hnrlbiit  Collection,  Cleve- 

pede,  Prairie-Dog  Village  (18G2);  Bison  Bull  land  ;  Nicaragua.  Fairman  Rogers,  Philadel- 

at  Bay  (1865);  Bull  Moose  of  Nova  Scotia  phia  ;  Sunset — Passamaquoddy  Hay  (1881). 

(1807);  Prairie  on  Fire  (180!));  Boiupiet  of  HEALY,  GEORGE    PKTKR   ALEXAN 

Orchids    (1871);    Herd   of   Caribou   (1871);  DEli,  born  in  IJoston,  Mass,  July  15,  18(18. 

Mule  Deer  (1872).  Portrait  and  historv  ])ainter,  studieil  in  Paris 

HAYTER,  Sir  GEORGE,  born  in  Lon-  from  1830 ;  went  to  Chicago  about  1858, 
don,  Dee.  17,  17!)2,  died  there,  Jan.  18.  and  painted  portraits;  revisited  Europe  in 
1871.  History  and  portrait  painter,  son  18(1!)  and  resided  long  in  Rome.  Exhibits 
and  pupil  of  Charles  Hayter,  portrait  paint-  at  Paris  Salon  and  at  National  Academy, 
er  ;  also  student  of  Royal  Academy  ;  won  at  New  York,  of  which  he  is  an  honorary  mem- 
British  Institution  in  1815  a  prize  of  £200  ber.  Studio  in  Paris,  France  (1885).  Med- 
f or  his  prophet  E/ra.  Went  soon  after  to  als  :  Paris,  lid  class,  1840;  2d  class,  1855. 
Rome,  where  he  studied  till  1811),  when  he  Ideal  works:  Franklin  urging  the  Claims 
returned  to  London  ;  visited  Italy  again  in  of  the  American  Colonies  before  LOUIH  XVI. 
182(J,  returned  in  1831  via  Paris,  where  he  (1855);  Webster's  Reply  to  Hayne,  Faneuil 
painted  portraits  of  many  prominent  per-  Hall,  Boston.  Portraits  :  Marshal  Soult  ; 
sons.  In  18 1(!  he  was  appointed  miniature  M.  Gui/ot  ;  Pius  IX.  (1871);  Lord  Lyons, 
painter  to  Princess  Charlotte,  in  1837  por-  Thiers,  E.  B.  Washburne,  Princess  of  Ron- 
trait  painter  to  Queen  Victoria,  in  1841  his-  '  mania  (1870) ;  General  Grant  (1878)  ;  Web- 
torical  painter  to  Her  Majesty,  and  in  1842  ster  ;  Clay  ;  Calhoun  ;  Guyot,  Smithsonian 
was  knighted.  Member  of  Academies  of  Institute,  Washington;  Guixot  (1841).  Presi- 
Rome,  Florence,  Bologna,  Parma,  and  Ven-  dents  John  Tyler  (2),  John  Quiney  Adams, 
ice.  Works:  Venus  complaining  to  Mars  Jackson,  Van  Buren,  Taylor,  Fillmore,  Polk, 
(1820)  ;  Trial  of  Lord  William  Russell  Pierce,  Buchanan,  Lincoln,  Corcoran  Gal- 
(1825),  Woburn  Abbey ;  Trial  of  Queen  lory,  Washington  ;  William  H.  Seward, 
Caroline  ;  Meeting  of  First  Reformed  Par-  State  Library,  Albany  ;  Cardinal  MeCloskey. 

M9 


HEAPIIY 


Governor  Morgan,  Dr.  C.  R.  Aguew  (1883); 
Dr.  Wyman,  Miss  Horsford,  and  others 
(1885).— Tuckennan,  339. 

HEAPHY,  THOMAS,  born  in  London, 
Dee.  29,  1775,  died  Nov.  li),  1835.  Was 
originally  a  dyer,  then  an  engraver,  and 
finally  devoted  himself  to  water-colour  paint- 
ing ;  in  1800  he  exhibited  two  portraits  at 
the  Royal  Academy,  and  became  a  student 
in  the  Academy  schools.  In  180-1  his  first 
subject  picture,  The  Portland  Fish-Girl,  was 
well  received,  and  in  180!)  his  Hastings  Fish 
Market  brought  him  reputation.  He  was 
one  of  the  earliest  members  of  the  old  Water 
Colour  Society,  but  left  it  in  1812  ;  and  was 
one  of  the  founders  and  the  first  president 
in  1821  of  the  Society  of  British  Artists,  but 
withdrew  from  it  in  182'.).  Visited  Italy  in 
1831,  and  on  his  return  engaged  in  the  for- 
mation of  the  new  Water  Colour  Society,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  first  members.  He 
painted  miniatures  of  many  distinguished  peo- 
ple, and  was  portrait  painter  to  the  Princess 
of  Wales.  His  eldest,  daughter,  Miss  Heaphy, 
exhibited  miniatures  at  the  Royal  Academy 
from  1822  to  1845  ;  and  another  daughter, 
Elizabeth  Heaphy,  from  1838  to  1844. 

HEAPHY,  THOMAS  FRANK,  born  in 
1813,  died  Aug.  7,  1873.  History  and  por- 
trait painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Thomas 
Heaphy  ;  began  as  a  portrait  painter,  first 
exhibiting  at  Royal  Academy  in  1M31,  but 
after  1858  painted  chiefly  historical  pieces. 
Member  of  Society  of  British  Artists.  Works: 
Mary  Magdalen  going  tothcScpulchre  (184G) ; 
Infant  Pan  educated  by  WoodNymphs(1850); 
Parting  of  Catherine  and  Bianca  (1853)  ; 
Kepler  in  Poverty  taken  for  a  Fortune-Tel- 
ler (1803)  ;  Palissy  the  Potter  taken  for  a 
Coiner  (18G4)  ;  Unexpected  Inheritance  | 
(18G5);  Mary  Stuart  at  Tutbury  Castle 
(1872). 

HEARTS  ARE  TRUMPS,  John  Everett 
MiUaix,  J.  H.  Seeker,  London  ;  canvas,  H. 
5  ft.  4  in.  x  7  ft.  5  in.  Three  English 
ladies  (Misses  Armstrong)  seated  at  a  card 
table,  playing  whist  with  a  dummy.  Royal  '• 
Academy,  1872  ;  painted  for  Walter  Arru- 


strong;  at  his  sale  (1876)  1,300  guineas; 
Exposition  Universelle,  Paris,  1878. 

HEBERT,  (ANTOINE  AUGUSTE)  ER- 
NEST, born  at  Gren- 
oble, Nov.  3,  1817. 
Genre  painter,  pupil 
of  David  d' Angers 
and  Paul  Delaroche. 
Abandoned  the  law 
for  painting  on  ac- 
count of  the  success 
of  a  picture  sent  to 
the  Salon,  which  was 
bought  by  the  govern- 
ment. Won  the  grand  prix  de  Rome  in 
1839.  Made  repeated  visits  to  Italy.  His 
style  is  poetical,  but  often  too  sentimental. 
Medals  :  1st  class,  1851  and  1855  ;  2d  class, 
1807;  L.  of  Honour,  1853;  Officer,  18G7  ; 
Commander,  1874  ;  Member  of  Institute, 
1874  ;  director  of  the  French  School  of  Art 
in  Rome  from  18GG  to  1873,  and  again  in 
1885.  Works  :  Tasso  in  Prison,  Cup  found 
in  Benjamin's  Sack  (1839) ;  Two  Odalisques, 
Copy  of  the  Sibyl  Delphica  (1840-41); 
Oriental  Revery,  The  Siesta,  Almeh,  Italian 
Priest,  Morning  in  the  Wroods,  Peasant  of 
Gurrande  making  Butter  (1847  and  1848); 
La  Malaria  (1850),  Kiss  of  Jitdax  (1853), 
Luxembourg  ;  Crescenza,  Fienaroles,  Girls 
of  Alvito  (1855),  Rosa  Nera  at  the  Fountain; 
Girls  of  Ciroarn  (1859),  Female  Portrait, 
Luxembourg ;  Portrait  of  Princess  Marie 
Clotilde,  Street  in  Cervaro  (1861) ;  Young 
Girl  at  the  Well  (1863),  Empress  Eugenie  ; 
Pasqua  Maria  (1863),  Baroness  James  de 
Rothschild;  Black  Pearl,  Type  of  Italian 
Woman  (1866) ;  Adam  and  Eve  driven  from 
Paradise  (1867)  ;  Pastorella,  Lavandaia 
(1869);  Morning  and  Evening  of  Life  (1870); 
Popular  Italian  Muse  (1872) ;  Madonna  de 
Di'livrance,  Church  at  Grenoble  ;  do.,  Study, 
Mrs.  Mary  J.  Morgan's  Collection,  New 
York ;  Madonna  ^r 
Addolorata;  Wo-  Jn 
man  Knitting  I 
(1873) ;  Muse  of  the  Woods  (1877) ;  The 
Sultana  (1879)  ;  Saint  Agnes  (1881) ;  Little 


230 


HECK 


Violinist  (1883);  Muse  (1884);  Slave  break- 
ing bis  Chains,  Artist's  Portrait,  Grenoble 
Museum  ;  Going  to  the  Well,  At  the  Well, 
Returning  from  the  Well,  W.  T.  Walters, 
Baltimore. — Bellier,  i.  747  ;  Larousse  ;  Port- 
folio (1875),  50  ;  Journal  clesB.  Arts  (1800), 
1(57  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  541. 

HECK,  ROBERT,  bom  in  Stuttgart  in 
18:U.  Genre  anil  portrait  painter,  pupil  of 
Stuttgart  Art  School  under  Rustige  ;  won 
first  prize  in  1855,  visited  Southern  France 
and  Italy.  Works  :  Itinerant  Preacher, 
Stuttgart  Museum  ;  Reception  of  the  New- 
Parson  ;  Peasants  in  a  City  Church  ;  Return 
of  the  Landwehrman  ;  Iphigenia  on  the 
Shore  ;  Antigone  seeking  Polynices  on  the 
Battlefield  (187!))  ;  Campo  Vacciuo  ;  Forum 
of  Nerva  ;  Neapolitans  Praying;  Italian 
Woman. — Miiller,  '245. 

HKCKF,  JAN  VAN  DEN,  born  at  Quare- 
monde,  East  Flanders,  in  1020,  died  at 
Antwerp,  Aug.  22,  1084.  Flemish  school  ; 
genre,  still-life,  and  animal  painter,  pupil  in 
Antwerp  of  Abraham  Hack  ;  master  of  the 
guild  in  Ki42,  went  to  Italy,  where  he 
painted  for  the  Duke  of  Bracciano,  and  re- 
turned to  Antwerp  in  1044.  Said  to  be  one 
of  the  best  artists  of  his  time.  Work  :  Dead 
Game  and  Hunting  Implements  watched  by 
Dogs  (1(558),  Schleissheim  Gallery. — Van 
den  Branden,  1015. 

HEOKK,  NICOLAAS  VAN  DER,  nour- 
ished about  lfi!5l  in  Alkmaar.  Dutch 
school ;  history  and  landscape  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Jan  Nagel.  A  descendant  of  Martin 
Heemskerk.  His  composition  is  grand,  the 
colouring  fine,  and  the  chiaroscuro  excellent. 
Works:  Death  Sentence  against,  the  Bailiff 
of  Zuyt — Holland  ;  Judgment  of  Cambyses, 
Solomon's  Judgment,  Town  Hall,  Alkmaar  ; 
Tavern  Interior  (2),  Surprisal  of  Hostile 
Camp  (?),  Dresden  Gallery. — Immerzeel,  ii. 
21  ;  Kramm,  iii.  051. 

HECKEL,  AUGUST  VON,  born  at  Lands- 
hut,  Bavaria,  in  1824.  History  and  genre 
painter,  pupil  of  Augsburg  Art  School,  then 
of  Munich  Academy  under  Schorn  and  Phil- 
ipp  Foltz  ;  visited  Paris,  Belgium,  and  Italy, 


where  he  remained  three  years.  Works : 
Chaetas  and  Atalti ;  Mignon  ;  Margaret  at 
the  Spinning-Wheel ;  Emigrants  ;  After  the 
Hail-Storm;  Child  Found;  Mother  at  the 
Cradle  :  Judith  with  Head  of  Holofernes  ; 
Entry  of  Louis  the  Bavarian  into  Rome  ; 
Entry  of  Max  Emanuel  into  Brussels  ; 
Founding  of  Bath  Kreuth,  National  Muse- 
um, Munich  ;  Lear  casting  oil'  Cordelia  ; 
Daughter  of  Herodias  ;  C;esar  Octavianus 
and  Cleopatra  ;  Morning  on  Pia/y.a  Navona; 
Evening  in  the  Forum  ;  Cobbler  ;  Villa 
Mondragone  ;  Maiden  of  Albano.  —  Miiller. 
245. 

HEDA.  WILLEM  CLAAS/,  born  at  Haar- 
lem in  15'.)t,  died  after  107S.  Dutch  school; 
still-life  painter  of  eminence  ;  .lean  of  the 
guild  at  Haarlem  in  10:51  and  ll!51;  painted 
occasionally  also  historical  subjects.  Works  : 
Dessert  (10:57),  Louvre,  Paris;  Breakfast 
(1(5:58).  Still  Life,  Kunslhalle.  Hamburg  ; 
Fruits  and  Vessels,  Provin/ial  Museum, 
Hanover;  Breakfast  (li;:54).  do.  (10:15),  Old 
Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  do..  Schleisslieim  ( ial- 
lery  ;  <lo.,  Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg; 
do.,  Darmstadt  Museum  ;  do.  (2),  Carlsruho 
Gallery;  do.  <:5,  two  datecl  1010,  101!)), 
Schwerin  Gallery  ;  do.  (1078),  Gotha  Muse- 
um.-- l'.ode,  Shidien,  22:!,  2:50;  Burger, 
Muscos,  ii.  :i2(l  ;  Immor/oel,  ii.  22  ;  Kramm. 
iii.  051  ;  Nagler,  Mon.,  ii.  i:>5;  Van  der 
Willigen.  150. 

HEDOUIN,  EDMONI),  born  at  Bou- 
logne-sur-Mer,  July  l(i,  1S20.  Genre  and 
landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Paul  Delaroche 
and  Celestiu  Nantenil.  Attracted  attention 
bv  his  first  picture  in  the  Salon  (184 1),  and 
followed  up  his  success  with  many  ably 
treated  scenes  of  French  and  Spanish  peas- 
ant life.  His  later  years  have  been  more 
especially  devoted  to  engraving.  Medals  : 
2d  class,  1848;  :id  class,  1855,  1857  ;  L.  of 
Honour,  1872.  Medal  for  engraving,  18(58; 
1st  class,  1872.  Works  :  AVoodsmen  of  the 
Pyrenees  (1844);  The  Halt  (1810);  Souve- 
nirs of  Spain  (1847);  Arab  Mill  at  Constan- 
tino, The  Negro  Restaurant  (1848);  Women 
of  Ossan  at  a  Fountain  (185(1);  Evening 


IIEEM 


among  the  Arabs  (1852)  ;  House  in  Cham- 
baudoin;  The  Pit-Sawyer  (1855)  ;  Hunting, 
Fishing,  The  Gleaners  (1857),  Luxembourg 
Museum ;  A  Sower  at  Chambaudoin,  A 
Swineherd  (1859);  Spanish  Porters  (1861); 
The  Sheep-Market  at  St.-Jean-de-Luz  (1803), 
Valenciennes  Museum ;  Sardine  Women  of 
Fontarabia,  Alice  dcs  Tuileries  (18(J5)  ; 
Hunting,  Fishing  (1800)  ;  Restaurant  in 
Constantino  (1808) ;  Door  of  a  Mosque  in 
Constantino,  Street  of  Fontarabia  (1870)  ; 
Woman  of  St.-Jeaii-de-Luz  going  to  a  Fu- 
neral (1872)  ;  Spring-Time,  Corner  of  a 
Park  in  the  Month  of  May  (187:))  ;  Interior 
of  a  Courtyard  in  Constantino  (1874 ) ;  Swine 
Market  at  St.-Jean-de-Luz  (1875)  ;  Coun- 
try Woman  (1870);  Arabs  in  a  Tent  (1S7!»). 
Decorative  paintings  in  Galerie  dos  fetes, 
Palais  royal  (1801),  and  Theatre  fr.an- 
i;ais. — Bellier,  i.  749  ;  Du  Camp,  15.  Arts, 
170  ;  Mover,  Geseh.,  (536  ;  Yapereau  (1K80), 
920. 

HEEM,  CORNELIS  DE,  born  at  Leyden 
(baptized  ?),  April  8,  1031,  died  in  Antwerp, 
buried  May  17,  1095.  Dutch  school  ;  still- 
life  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Jan  Davidsz  de 
Hoom,  whom  he  followed  to  Antwerp  about 
1035,  and  there  became  master  of  the  guild 
in  1000  ;  worked  also  at  The  Hague,  whore 
he  is  mentioned  in  documents  in  1070  and 
1078.  There  is  little  doubt  that  many  of 
his  works  pass  under  the  name  of  his  fa- 
mous progenitor.  Works:  Fruit-piece  (1(571), 
Brussels  Museum  ;  do.,  Th.  van  Lerius, 
Antwerp ;  do.,  Hague  Museum  ;  do.,  Rot- 
terdam Museum  ;  Grapes  (1059),  Bouquet, 
Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Fruits  with  Vessels, 
Musical  Instruments  and  Globe,  Cassel  Gal- 
lery ;  Cupboard,  Gotha  Museum ;  Fruit- 
piece,  Oldenburg  Gallery  ;  do.,  Cassel  Gal- 
lery ;  do.,  Berlin  Museum  ;  do.,  Schleissheim 
Gallery  ;  do.,  Leipsic  Museum  ;  do.,  Weimar 
Museum  ;  do.  (2),  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ; 
Flowers  around  Bumper,  Fruits  and  Oyster, 
do.  and  Glass,  Fruits  and  Lobster,  Dresden 
Gallery  ;  Fruits  and  Oysters  on  Silver  Tray, 
Museum,  Vienna  ;  others  in  Liechtenstein 
and  Czeruiu  Galleries,  ib. ;  Fruit-piece, 


Fruits  and  Flowers  (2),  Schwerin  Gallery  ; 
Flower-pieces   (2),    Stockholm    Museum.  — 


Kramm,  iii.  051  ;  Rooses  (Reber),  432  ;  Van 
den  Brandeu,  870  ;  Van  Lerius,  249.    . 

HEEM,  DAVID  DE,  the  elder,  born  at 
Utrecht  in  1570  (?),  died  at  Antwerp  (?)  in 
1032  (?).  Dutch  school  ;  still-life  painter  of 
distinction,  of  whose  life  nothing  is  known, 
and  some  of  whose  works  are  possibly  attrib- 
uted in  public  galleries  to  his  famous  son, 
Jan.  As;  however,  there  were  besides  him 
three  other  painters  called  David  de  Heem, 
namely,  his  son,  David  the  younger,  master 
of  the  guild  at  Utrecht  in  1008,  and  to 
whom  is  ascribed  a  Fruit-piece  in  the  Am- 
sterdam Museum  ;  David  III.  (born  in  1028), 
son  of  Jan  Davidsz  ;  and  David  IV.  (1003- 
1718),  son  of  Cornells,  it  is  difficult  to  de- 
termine to  which  of  these  the  following 
works  should  be  assigned  :  Fruits  with 
Oysters  and  Wineglass  (David  the  elder  ?), 
Brunswick  Museum  ;  Fruits  on  Table,  small 
picture  with  cavern,  Flower-piece,  Uffizi, 
Florence.  —  Kramm,  iii.  C52  ;  Riegel,  Bei- 
triige,  ii.  439  ;  Van  Lerius,  i.  213,  217. 
HEEM,  JAN  DAVIDSZ  DE,  born  at 

Utrecht,  prob- 
ably in  1000, 
died  in  Ant- 
werp, between 
Oct.  14,  1083, 
and  April  26, 
1084.  Dutch 
school  ;  fruit 
and  flower 
painter,  son 
and  pupil  of 
David  the  elder.  He  first  developed  the 
art  of  fruit  painting  ;  works  distinguished 
for  admirable  taste  of  arrangement,  excel- 
lent drawing,  fine  feeling  for  nature,  and  a 
depth  and  richness  of  colouring  sometimes 
approaching  Rembrandt.  Works  :  Fruit- 


IIKKMSKKUCK 


pieces  (2),  Madrid  Museum  ;  do..  Louvre  ; 
Fruit  and  Flowers  with  Insects,  Amster- 
dam Museum  ;  Still  Life,  Rotterdam  Muse- 
um ;  Table  with  Fruits,  etc.,  Festoon  of 
Fruits  and  Flowers,  Hague  Museum  ;  Fruit- 
piece  (1651!),  Haarlem  Museum  ;  Garland 
around  Allegory  by  Lambrechts  (KiiiK). 
Bouquet,  Vanitas,  Brussels  Museum;  Flow- 
ers and  Insects,  Antwerp  Museum  ;  Festoon 
of  Fruits,  Berne  Museum  ;  do.  of  Fruits 
and  Flowers,  Breakfast,  Fruit-pieces  (3), 
Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Still  Life  Fruit-pieces 
(2),  Cassel  Gallery  ;  Festoon  of  Flowers  with 
Insects,  Darmstadt  Museum  ;  Fruit-pieces 
(2),  Bumper  on  Covered  Table,  Lemons  on 
Plate,  "VVatch  (1028),  Gotha  Museum  :  Fruit- 
piece,  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg;  do.,  Olden- 
burg Gallery  ;  do.,  Copenhagen  Gallery: 
do.,  Wiesbaden  Gallery;  Fruit  pieces  (5), 
Flower-pieces  (5),  Dresden  Gallery  ;  Fruit- 
and  Flower-pieces  (4,  two  dated  l(!.j(),  lli.">l). 
Berlin  Museum  ;  Fruit-piece  (1<>53),  do.  (2), 
Bouquet  by  Crucifix,  Skull,  etc.,  Old  Pina- 
kothek,  Munich  ;  The  Host  with  Symbolical 
Fruits  (1<>48),  two  others,  Museum,  Vienna; 
Six  in  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  ib.  ;  Flower- 
piece,  Fruit-piece,  Innsbruck  Museum  ;  Des- 
sert (V),  Breakfast  Table  (2),  Festoon  of 
Fruits  and  Flowers,  Schwerin  Gallery;  Still 
Life,  Cologne  Museum  ;  do.,  Stockholm 
Museum;  Fruits  and  Vegetables  (1(!55), 
Breakfast  (1<!GO),  Flower-piece,  Hermitage, 
St.  Petersburg  ;  Breakfast,  Winter  Palace. 
ib.  ;  Fruit-piece,  Leuchtenberg  Gallery,  ib. 


—  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xi.  232;  Ch.  Blanc, 
ficole  hollandaise,  i.  ;  Bode,  Studien,  229  ; 
Immerzeel,  ii.  23  ;  Kramm,  iii.  G53  ;  Kugler 
(Crowe),  ii.  515  ;  Itiegel,  Beitriige,  ii.  439  ; 


I {ooses  (Ileber),  431  ;  Van  den  Branden, 
8(J<;  ;  Van  Lerius,  i.  213,  21!». 

HEEMSKERCK  (Heemskeerck),  B.,  nour- 
ished about  1730.  Flemish  school  ;  animal 
and  landscape  painter,  in  the  manner  of 
Simon  van  Dow  and  Peeler  van  Bloemen. 
AN  orks  :  Herd  and  Herdsman,  do.  and 
Woman  (1730),  Landscapes  with  Cattle  (2), 
Schwerin  Gallery. — Schlie,  24(J. 

HEEMSKERK,  EGBERT  VAN,  the 
elder,  born  in  Haarlem  in  KilO,  died  in 
10SO.  Dutch  school ;  genre  painter,  chiefly 
of  tavern  interiors,  with  boors  regaling  or 
quarrelling,  in  the  manner  of  Teniers  and 
Brouwer.  Works  :  Tavern  Interior  (2), 
Louvre,  Paris;  do.  (1),  Hermitage,  St. 
Petersburg;  do.,  ( 'arlsruhe  Gallery;  do. 
(2),  Peasant  and  Broker,  Schleissheini  ( ial- 
lery  ;  Old  Man,  Old  Woman,  Ulliy.i,  Flor- 
ence.—  Immer/eel,  ii.  21. 

HKKMSKKKK.  EGP.EItT  VAX.  the 
younger,  born  in  Haarlem  in  ltil">.  died  in 
London  in  17l>4.  Dutch  school;  geuro 
])ainter,  son  of  Kghert  the  elder,  jmpil  of 
Pieter  de  Grebber,  but  adopted  the  style  of 
his  father  ;  settled  early  in  London,  where 
his  works  were  greatly  valued;  {tainted  noc- 
turnal gatherings  of  witches,  devils,  and 
ghosts,  also  rustic  amusements,  in  which  he 
often  introduced  his  own  portrait.  Works: 
Interior,  Louvre  ;  Peasants  Dancing,  do. 
Singing,  Basle  Museum  ;  Temptation  of  St. 
Anthony,  Cassel  Gallery  ;  Interior  of  Dutch 
Kitchen,  Darmstadt  Museum  ;  Capuchins 
Praying  and  Singing,  Oldenburg  Gallery; 
Riding  School.  Dance  in  a  Tavern,  Copen- 
hagen Gallery  ;  Beggars'  Meal,  Don  (Quixote 
and  Sancho  Panza,  Stiidel  Gallery,  Frank- 
fort ;  Card-Players,  Men  Smoking  and  Play- 
ing Violin,  Uffi/,i,  Florence  ;  Interior,  do.  of 
Dutch  Tavern,  Historical  Society,  New 
York.  Immerzeel,  ii.  24  ;  Kramm,  iii.  G55. 

HEEMSKERK,  MARTEN  VAN,  Ixmi  at 
Heemskerk  in  1498,  died  in  Haarlem,  Oct. 
1,  1574.  Dutch  school.  Real  name  Marten 
van  Veen.  History  painter,  pupil  at  Haar- 
lem of  Cornelia  Willemsz  and  at  Delft  of 
I  Jan  Lucasz,  then  at  Haarlem  of  Jan  Scho- 


HEEUE 


reel,  in  whose  manner  he  painted  there  until 
1534,  when  he  went  to  Italy  and  became  an 
imitator  of  Michelan- 
gelo. His  drawing  is 
bold  and  energetic,  but 
his  compositions  are  of- 
ten bizarre.  Works : 
St.  Luke  painting  the 
Virgin  (1532),  Nativity, 
Brazen  Serpent,  Holy 
Family  (1551),  Ecce 
Homo  (1559),  Belshaz- 
zar's  Feast  (1568),  Christ 
crowned  with  Thorns,  Haarlem  Museum  ; 
Adoration  of  the  Shepherds,  Adoration  of 
the  Magi  (1546),  Hague  Museum;  Entomb- 
ment (1559),  Brussels  Museum  ;  Momus 
with  Minerva,  Vulcan  and  Neptune  (1561), 
Portrait  of  Young  Girl,  Berlin  Museum ;  Bap- 
tism  of  Christ  (15G3),  Brunswick  Museum; 
do.,  and  Rebekahatthe  Well,  Cassel  Gallery; 
Resurrection,  Copenhagen  Gallery;  The  Vir- 
gin in  Grief,  Dresden  Gallery;  Venus,  Cupid 
and  the  Cyclops  (153G),  Nostitz  Gallery, 
Prague  ;  St.  John  preaching  in  the  Desert, 
Triumph  of  Silenus,  Bacchanal,  Vienna 
Museum  ;  Triptych  with  Crucifixion,  Her- 
mitage, St.  Petersburg  ;  St.  Paul  at  Athens, 


Historical  Society,  New  York. — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xi.  235  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  hollandaise; 
Immerzeel,  ii.  23  ;  Jahrb.  d.  kongl.  preuss. 
Kunstsammlung,  v.  327  ;  Kramm,  iii.  G55  ; 
Michiels,  v.  185  ;  Riegel,  ii.  150  ;  Van  der 
Willigen,  157,  349. 

HEERE,  LUCAS  DE,  born  in  Ghent 
about  1534,  died  in  1584.  Flemish  school ; 
history  and  portrait  painter,  son  and  pupil 
of  the  sculptor  and  architect  Jan  de  Heere, 
and  the  miniature  painter  Anna  Smyters  ; 
one  of  the  best  scholars  of  Frans  Floris, 


whom  he  assisted  much  in  his  glass-paint- 
ings and  drawings  for  tapestry.  Resided  for 
some  time  in  France  as  designer  of  tapestries ; 
later  painted  portraits  and  Scripture  pieces. 
Was  a  poet  and  an  antiquary.  Works  :  Sol- 
omon and  the  Queen  of  Sheba,  View  of  St. 
Bavon's  Abbey  and  City  of  Ghent,  St.  Ba- 
von's  Church,  Ghent ;  Portrait  of  Lord  Darn- 
ley,  Allegorical  Portrait  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
Hampton  Court  ;  Wise  and  Foolish  Virgins 
(1570),  Copenhagen  Gallery ;  Landscape, 
Brunswick  Gallery  ;  Portrait  of  Queen  Mary, 
Stoke  Park  ;  Portrait  of  Eleanor  Brandon, 
Wentworth  Castle.— Sclmaase,  viii.  107  ; 
Waageii,  ii.  3G1,  421  ;  iii.  342  ;  Immerzeel, 
ii.  25  ;  Kramm,  iii.  659  :  Michiels,  vi.  51. 

HEERSCHOP,  HENDRIK,  born  at  Haar- 
lem in  1G27,  died  after  1G72.  Genre  painter 
in  the  manner  of  Don,  pupil  of  Willem  Claasz 
Heda,  then  (1G43  or  1G44)  of  Rembrandt; 
master  of  the  guild  at  Haarlem  in  1G48. 
Works :  Portrait  of  a  Moor  (1659),  Berlin 
Museum  ;  Soldier  and  Woman  at  Cards, 
Cassel  Gallery  ;  Architecture  Painter's  Stu- 
dio (1G72),  Schwerin  Gallery. 

HEGER,  HEINRICH,  born  at  Haders- 
leben,  Schleswig,  in  1832.  Architecture 
painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen  Academy;  trav- 
elled in  Germany,  and  made  architectural 
studies  especially  in  Nuremberg  and  Maul- 
bronn  ;  lived  in  Munich  until  18G3,  in  Co- 
penhagen till  18G5,  then  in  Kiel  until  1875, 
when  he  settled  in  Munich.  In  1869  he 
visited  the  Netherlands,  in  1872  the  Ger- 
man cities,  and  in  1874  Venice.  Works  : 
Oratory  in  Castle  Gottorp,  Kiel  Gallery  ; 
View  in  Sebaldus  Church,  Nuremberg  ;  In- 
terior of  Ulm  Cathedral ;  Hall  in  Burgo- 
master's House,  Liibeck  Gallery  ;  Sacristy 
of  San  Marco,  Dantzic  Gallery ;  Council- 
Chamber  in  Dantzic  ;  do.  in  Liiueburg, 
i  Bruges,  and  Lfibeck  ;  Emperors'  Hall  in 
Goslar,  Senate-Chamber  in  Venice. — Miiller, 
24G. 

HEIDECK,  KAItL  WILHELM  VON, 
Bai-on,  called  Heidegger,  born  at  Saaralben, 
Lorraine,  Dec.  G,  1788,  died  in  Munich,  Feb. 
21,  1861.  Military  genre  and  landscape 


IIEIDELOFF 


painter,  engraver,  and  lithographer.  Stud- 
ied at  the  /iiricli  Art  School  under  Meyer, 
Huber,  and  Konrad  Gessner,  then  from 
1799  in  Zweibriicken,  and  in  1801  in  Mu- 
nich under  Quaglio  and  Hauenstoin.  In 
1805  he  entered  the  Bavarian  army  and 
fought  against  Napoleon  in  Spain,  Germany, 
and  France  ;  in  181(5-25  he  painted  in  Sal/- 
burg and  Munich  ;  in  1828  was  commander 
in  Nauplia,  Greece,  and  military  governor 
of  Argos  ;  in  1829-313  painted  in  Munich. 
and  in  latter  year  went  again  to  Greece  and 
reorganized  the  army.  On  his  return  lie 
was  made  baron,  lieutenant-general,  and 
chief  of  a  department  in  the  ministry  of 
war.  His  pictures  of  wars  in  Spain  and 
Greece  are  historically  interesting,  and  to- 
gether with  his  landscapes  and  genre  pieces 
artistically  meritorious.  Works  :  Bavarian 
Tree-Fellers  (1823),  Pallicares  near  Corinth 
(182!)),  National  Gallery,  Berlin;  Camp  of 
the  Philhellenes  before  Athens,  Carlsruhe 
Gallery  ;  Donkey  Drivers  in  Italian  Osteria 
(1830),  Kunstlialle,  Hamburg;  Scene  in 
Spanish  Guerilla  War  in  180'.)  (1824),  Leip- 
sie  Museum  ;  Views  in  Greece  and  Spain 
(<>),  New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Angora  Gate 
at  Athens  (18158),  Kmiigsberg  Museum  ;  oth- 
ers in  Schleissheim  and  Stuttgart  Galleries  ; 
and  many  in  the  possession  of  the  royal 
family  of  Bavaria. — Allgeni.  d.  Biogr.,  xi. 
295;  Cotta's  Kunstbl.  (1835),  15;  Nagler, 
Mon.,  ii.  303  ;  Kac/ynski,  ii.  387. 

HEIDELOFF,  VICTOR  PKTEH,  born  in 
Stuttgart  in  1757,  died  there  in  18 Hi.  Ger- 
man school ;  history  and  genre  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Stuttgart  Academy  under  Guibal. 
Harper,  and  Scotti  ;  became  court-painter 
in  1780,  visited  Italy  in  1782-8G,  and  was 
professor  at  the  Stuttgart  Academy  in  17'.»0 
93.  Works  :  Four  Seasons,  Exit  from  The- 
atre, Royal  Palace,  Stuttgart ;  Two  Ceiling 
Paintings,  Stuttgart  Academy  ;  Altai-piece, 
Rottweil.  His  son  and  pupil,  Karl  Alexan- 
der (born  in  Stuttgart,  Feb.  2,  1788,  died 
at  Hassfurt,  Sept.  28,  18(55),  more  noted  as 
an  architect,  painted  Emperor  Maximil- 
ian at  the  Grave  of  Duke  Eberhard,  iu  the 


Royal  Palace  at  Stuttgart  ;  and  Knight 
Toggenburg,  in  the  collection  of  Count 
Fries,  ib. — Wagner,  Gesch.  d.  Karlsschule, 
i.  K12. 

HKI UFA-REICH,  Gl'STAV,  born  in  Ber- 
lin in  ISI'.I,  died  there  in  1855.  History 
painter,  pupil  in  Brcslau  of  A.  F.  Ki'inig 
and  in  Berlin  of  Wach.  Works  :  Hertlia 
and  Odin,  The  Nonue,  1'lav  of  the  Nixies, 
Combat  of  Giants,  New  Museum,  Berlin; 
Material  and  Mental  Development  of  ( Ireece, 
Old  Museum,  ib.  Kunstbl.  (185(i),  It. 

HKIGEL.  FRAN/  NAPOLKON.  born  in 
Paris,  May  15,  1S13.  Portrait  and  genre 
painter,  son  of  Josef,  pupil  of  Munich  Acad- 
emy, then  studied  in  Paris  ;  visited  Italy 
repeatedly  in  ls:{(.l-.J(!.  also  Belgium  and 
France,  and  became  court-painter  in  Mu- 
nich. Bavarian  medal  for  Art  and  Science; 
Member  of  Socicte  beige  des  Aquarcllistes. 
Works  :  Portraits  of  Royal  Family  of  Ba- 
varia  ;  National  Costume  Pictures;  Genre 
Scenes.— Midler,  24(5. 

HEIJDE,  JAN  VAN  DKR.  See  II,-,,. 
<lt'n. 

HEIL.  DANIEL  VAN,  born  at  Brussels 
in  KiOl,  died  in  1<>(>2.  Flemish  school  ; 
landscape  painter,  master  unknown  ;  after 
having  acquired  considerable  reputation,  he 
abandoned  his  former  subjects  for  confla- 
grations, which  lie  represented  with  unusual 
efl'ect.  Works  :  Conflagration.  Lille  Museum  ; 
Winter  Landscape,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg. Leonard  van  Heil,  his  brother  (born 
in  Brussels  in  1(505),  painted  architecture, 
(lowers,  and  insects  ;  and  Jan  Baptist  van 
Heil,  a  younger  brother  (born  in  Brussels 
in  1(50!)),  was  a  history  and  portrait  painter. 
He  was  living  in  1(5(51. 

HEILBUTH,  FERDINAND,  born  in 
Hamburg,  naturalized  in  France  ;  contem- 
porary. Genre  painter.  At  first  merely  a 
skilful  painter  of  costumes,  he  developed  at 
Rome  his  peculiar  talent  for  treating  life 
and  manners  with  that  fine  sense  of  hu- 
mour and  insight  into  character  which 
has  won  him  a  wide  reputation.  Medals  : 
2d  class,  1857,  1859,  and  18(51  ;  L.  of 


•rx 


HEILMAYER 

Honour,  1801;  Officer,  1881.  Works  : 'of  Temple  of  Jerusalem  (1822) ;  St.  Hya- 
Titian  the  Younger  with  his  Lady  Love  einth  reviving  a  Drowned  Person  (1827), 
(1857),  Itaveni'  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Luca  Signo-  Notre  Dame,  Paris  ;  Charles  X.  distributing 
relli  by  the  Dead  Body  of  his  Son  (1859),  Rewards  to  Artists  at  Exhibition  of  1824 
Orphans,  Watteau  and  his  Sweetheart,  Male  (1827),  Louvre  ;  Andrieux  reading  in  the 
Portrait,  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Absolution  Lobby  of  the  Coined ie-f ran <;aise  (1847);  De- 
in  St.  Peter's;  The  Mont-de-Pk'to  (1861),  fence  of  Burgos,  Louis  Philippe  receiving 
Luxembourg  Museum  ;  On  Monte  Pincio,  the  Deputies  come  to  offer  him  the  Crown 
Corcoran  Gallery,  Washington;  In  His  (1884),  do.  receiving  the  Chamber  of  Peers, 
Eminence's  Waiting  Room  ;  Cardinal  enter-  Champ  do  Mai  of  1815,  Battle  of  Rocroy, 
ing  his  Carriage  ;  Spring-time  ;  On  the  Portraits  of  Marquis  de  Chamilly,  Due  de 
River-side,  In  (lie  Fields,  William  Astor,  la  Forte,  Coiute  d'Estrades,  Marquis  de 
New  York  ;  The  Seine  ;  Fine  Weather  Bournonville,  Versailles  Museum  ;  Vesuvius 
(1881);  Idlers  in  Anteroom  of  the  Vatican  receiving  Heavenly  Fire  from  Jupiter,  The 
(I8S2);  Promenade  (1884);  Lawn-tennis,  Revival  of  the  Arts,  ceilings  in  Louvre; 
Presentation  (1885). — Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  Charlemagne  causing  his  Capitularies  to  be 
xvii.  443  ;  Quarterly  Rev.,  i.  253.  read,  Louis  the  Fat  freeing  the  Towns,  St. 

HEILMAYER,  KARL,  born  in  Munich,  Louis  causing  the  Publication  of  his  Ordi- 
March  5,  182!).  Landscape  painter,  son  of  nances,  Louis  XII.  organizing  the  Chamber 
the  portrait  and  landscape  painter  Emil  H.,  of  Accounts,  Defeat  of  the  Cimbri  and  Teu- 
pupil  of  Munich  Academy  ;  travelled  exten-  tons  (1853),  Palais  Bourbon  ;  Victory  of  Ju- 
sively  in  Germany,  Italy,  and  France.  Works:  das  Maccabieus  (1855);  Subject  from  His- 
Foggy  Morning  on  Lake  Starnberg  ;  Moon-  tory  of  the  Jews  (1824). — Bellier,  i.  751; 
light  Night  in  Normandy  ;  The  Lido  in  Larousse  ;  Gaz.  dcs.  B.  Arts  (1867),  xxii. 
Venice  ;  View  on  Via  Appia  near  Rome  ;  40  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  1G7. 
Smugglers  crossing  Mountain,  New  Pinako  HEIMERDINGEK,  FRIEDR1CH,  born 
thek,  Munich. — Miiller,  24(>.  in  Altona,  Jan.  10,  1817,  died  in  Hamburg, 

HEIM,  FRANCOIS  JOSEPH,  born  at  Oct.,  1883.  Animal  and  still-life  painter, 
Belfort,  Jan.  15,  17S7,  died  in  Paris,  Oct.  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under  Theodor 
20,  18IJ5.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Yin-  :  Hildebrandt  ;  continued  his  studies  in  Mu- 
cent,  won  grand  prix  in  1807,  and  lived  in  nich,  whence  he  visited  Switzerland.  He 
Rome  about  six  years.  With  the  rise  of  afterwards  founded  a  preparatory  school  for 
the  romantic  school  he  lost  his  popularity,  artists  in  Hamburg.  Works :  Foxes  con- 
and  was  called  by  the  critics  the  fossil  of  testing  Booty  (1848),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg; 
the  Academy,  but  his  merits  were  again  Scene  from  Elf  Life  (1800)  ;  Lurking  Fox 
recognized  at  the  Salon  of  1855.  Medals  :  (18G1) ;  Nut-Cracker  (1871);  Plover  (1875); 
1st  class,  1812  ;  Member  of  Institute,  1829  ;  Rabbit  and  Frog  ;  Fen-Duck  ;  Fruit-Seller. 
Professor,  1831  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1825  ;  Offi-  — Kunst-Chronik,  xviii.  9  ;  Miiller,  247. 
cer,  1855  ;  grand  medal  of  honour,  1855.  HEINE,  WILHELM.  born  in  Diisseldorf, 
Works  :  Arrival  of  Jacob  in  Mesopotamia '  April  18,  1813,  died  June  29,  1839.  Genre 
(1812),  Bordeaux  Museum  ;  Ptolemteus  painter,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy,  and 
Philopator  (1817),  Amiens  Museum;  Joseph's  j  an  artist  of  great  promise  at  the  time  of  his 
Coat  brought  to  Jacob  (1817),  Lyons  Mu-  premature  death.  Works:  Poachers,  Smug- 
seum  ;  Raising  of  Lazarus,  Titus  pardoning  gler  (1834);  Tramp  (1835);  Peasant  Cot- 
Conspirators  ;  Martyrdom  of  St.  Cyr  and  tage  (183G)  ;  Criminals  at  Church  (1837), 
of  St.  Juliet  (1819),  St.  Gervais,  Paris ;  Leipsic  Museum  ;  replica  (1838),  National 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Hippolytus,  Notre  Dame,  I  Gallery,  Berlin.— W.  Miiller,  Dusseldorf  K, 
Paris  ;  Rescue  of  King  of  Spain  ;  Capture  '  289. 


IIEIXEFETTER 

HEINEFETTER,     JOHANN,     born     in  thai  ;  Wilderness  in  Salvaretta  Mountains  ; 

Mi  nt/,    in    1815.       Battle    and    landscape  Engacliiie  Valley ;  Huinsof  Juvarium;  View 

painter,  pupil    in    Munich   of   D.   Monten  ;  in  Smith  Tyrol,  Xc\v  Pimikothek,  Munich; 

travelled  in  France,  Italy,  Switzerland,  and  Landscape    with    Castle    Tyrol,    Carlsruhe 

the    Tyrol.       Works:     Tavern    Scenes    and  Gallery;    View   in   Orisons  (183!»),    Leipsic 

Skirmishes  ;  Frescos  in  Trinkhalle,  Baden-  Museum  ;    others    in     Stuttgart,    Hanover, 

Baden  ;  Pictures  in  the  Kursa.il,  Cemetery  Brunswick,  Men!/,  and   Prague  Galleries. — 

Chapel,  and  several  Villas,  il>.  Dioskuren  (I8i;i)|,  P.13,201  ;  Kunst-Chronik, 

HEINEL,  JOHANN  PHILIPP,   l.orn  at  xxi.  219;   Die  Kuust  fiir  Alle,  i.  lull  ;  Miil- 

Baireuth,   Oct.    21,   1800,  died   in   Munich,  ler,  247  ;  Racy.ynski,  ii.  :C18,  402. 
July  21),  1841!.    Genre  and  landscape  painter,        HEINUICH  OP  IH'DERSTADT,  monk, 

pupil  of  the   Munich  Academy  in   1820-21!  (iernian  school,  early  part,  of   15th  centurv. 

under  Robert  von  Langcr  ;  painted  at  first  His  largo  altarpiece  (1424),  now  in  the  li- 

historical  subjects,  then  portraits,  and  finally  brary  at.  Gottingen,  representing  the  Twelvo 

genre  scenes  in  the  Bavarian  Alps  and  land-  Apostles,  the  Crucifixion,  and  eighteen  small 

scapes.       Works:  Achilles    (1S2:!)  ;    Ossian  Passion-Scenes,  show  that  he  was  influenced 

and    Malvina    (182(i)  ;    Group    of    Bavarian  by  the  school  of  Cologne.— -Kilgler,  Gesch. 

Peasant  Girls  (1829) ;  Landscape  after  Storm  d.  Malerei,  i.  2">7  ;  Si-hnaase,  vi.  479. 
(18I50)  ;  Tyrolese  Landscape  (1832);  Priest's        J1K1NTSCH.  JOHANN  GEORG,  born  in 

Visit,  On   Lake  Starnberg,  The  Wat/maim,  Silesia  about,  mi. Idle  of    17th  centurv,  died 

Scene  on  a  Tyrolese  Alp,  Poacher  watching  in  Prague  in  17 l.'i.      German  school  ;   Lived 

for  his  Persecutors,   Height  with  Chamois  in  Prague  from  ll!7S,  married   in  1701.  and 

(18I54)  :  Tyroleso   Family,   Young   Tyrolcse  took  the  freedom  of  the  city.     ^uiriii  .lahn, 

with    his    Sweetheart,    The    Bride,    Familv  his  contemporary,  says  that  he  belonged  to 

Scene,   Girl   playing  Zither,    Rocky    Land  a  monastic    fraternity.      In   his  later  works 

scape,    Bavarian    Mountain    Lake,    Glacier  he  was  influenced  by  Curl  Screta,  \\hodied 

(18:!:>);   Bagpiper  (183G)  ;  Mountain   Land-  (  1  I'M  1  )  a  few  years  before  Heintsch's  arrival 

scape  with  Like,  Tyrolese  playing  to  a  Girl,  in  Prague.     Works  in  Prague:  Altai-piece, 

Two  Bavarian  Peasant  Girls  (bs:!7);  Adora-  Jesuit  Church  :  Madonna  ( !(!'.)(!),  Karlshofer 

tion  of  the  Shepherds  (18:i8)  ;  Shepherdess  Stif'tskirche  ;    Altai-piece,  St.  Henry's  ;  Side 

(1840).  -  Allgein.    d.    Biogr.,    xi.    lilli!  ;  An-  Altai-pieces.  St.  Catherine's  ;  Holv   Familv, 

dresen,  i.  1(54  ;  Cotta's  Kunstbl.  (18:?(i),  8  7.  Minorites    Church  ;    Transportation    of   St. 

HEINLEIN,  HEINRICH,  born  at  Weil-  Wenceslaus'  Body  to  Prague  in  910  (lil'.CJt, 
burg,  Nassau,  Dec.  I!,  180:},  died  in  Munich,  Teinkirche  ;  several  pictures  in  chapels  and 
Dec.  8,  1885.  Landscape  painter,  first  in-  cloister  of  the  Kreu/.herren-Stift  ;  Christ  in 
structed  by  his  mother,  a  painter  in  pastel,  the  Temple,  St.  Joseph,  St.  Clemens  adoring 
studied  architecture  at  Munich  and  drawing  the  Virgin,  St.  Ignatius  and  Trinity,  Mar- 
at Mannheim  Academy;  visited  Switxer-  tyrdom  of  St.  Vit  us,  St.  Francis  Xavier  bap- 
land  and  Italy,  and  settled  in  Munich  in  ti/.ing  Moorish  Prince,  Four  Elements,  Bust 
1829,  and  in  1830  had  obtained  reputation  Portrait  of  Praying  Woman,  St.  Norbert, 
as  one  of  the  best  German  landscape  paint-  St.  Aloysius,  Flight  to  Egypt. — Allgeni.  d. 
era.  Honorary  member  of  the  Munich  Biogr.,  xi.  li(!0  ;  Kugler  (Crowe),  528. 
(184(i)  and  Vienna  Academies;  Order  of  St.  HEIN/,  JOSEPH,  the  elder,  born  in 
Michael,  1852.  Works:  Ravine;  Poachers  Berne  in  151)5,  died  in  Prague,  Oct.  15, 
attacked  in  their  Camp  (1823);  Mountain  KiO!).  German  school ;  history  painter, 
Lake  in  a  Storm  ;  Alpine  Valley  with  a  Fu-  called  by  Van  Mander  a  pupil  of  Johann  van 
ueral  (1825)  ;  Waldesstille  ;  Kliisterl  am  Achen,  which  seems  doubtful,  as  the  latter 
Wachensee  ;  Upper  Gosau  Lake  ;  Windau-  went  to  Venice  in  1574.  Heinz  went  to 


HEINZ 


HEISS,  JOHANN,  born  at  Memmingen, 
Bavaria,  in  1G40,  died  at  Augsburg  in  1704. 
History  and  landscape  painter,  pupil  of 
Heinrich  Schiinfeld  and  of  Sichelbein.  There 
are  many  altarpieces  by  him  in  the  churches 
of  Augsburg,  Ratisbon,  and  Neustadt. 
Works  :  Scipio  granting  Liberty  to  Allucius 
(1079),  Death  of  Dido,  Neptune  and  Ve- 
nus, Hall  with  Antiques,  Hall  with  Female 
Models,  Brunswick  Museum  ;  The  Seasons 
personified,  Wiesbaden  Gallery  ;  Exodus  of 
the  Israelites  (1077),  Dresden  Museum. 

HELEN,  ancient  pictures.  See  Etimelux, 
Zeuans. 

HELEN,  RAPE  OF,  Benozzo  Gozzoli, 
National  Gallery,  London  ;  wood,  octagon, 
tempera,  H.  1  ft.  7  in.  x  2  ft.  The  wife  of 
Menelaus  carried  off  to  a  ship  by  Paris  and 


Prague,   studied   at  the  Academy,   and   in 
1590-94  was  employed  by  Rudolph  H.,  who 
made   him    court- 
painter   and    sent 
him  to  Italy.  There 
he  remained   four 
years,  studying  es- 
pecially Paul  Ver- 
onese, but  after  his 
return  was  strong- 
ly influenced   by 
Johaim  van  Achen, 
Spranger,  and  Vel- 
vet Brueghel,  his  contemporaries  at  the  im- 
perial court.     Works  :  Rape  of  Proserpine, 
Dresden  Gallery  ;  Leda,  Artemisia  with  the 
Ashes  of  Mausolus,  Augsburg  Gallery  ;  Sa- 
tyrs and  Nymphs  (1599),  Sehleissheim  Gal- 
lery ;     Herod  ias,     Venus 
Asleep,  Venus  and  Adonis, 
do.    and   Nymphs   (1G09), 
Crucifixion  (2),  Diana  and 
Actteon,  Portrait   of    Ru- 
dolph II.    (1594),   Vienna 
Museum; Portrait  of  Him- 
self, his  Brother  and  Sis- 
ter (159G), 
-   _  Berne  Muse- 
tf     um  ;    Cruci- 
O         fi  x  i  o  n    ('/), 
Schweriu   Gallery. — All- 
gem,   d.  Biogr.,   xi.   CGI!  ; 
Ftiessli,    i.    (!1  ;    Kugler 
(Crowe),  i.  271. 

HEINX,  JOSEPH,  the 
younger,  born  about  1590, 
died  in  1G55.  German 
school ;  son  and  pupil  of 
Joseph  the  elder ;  after- 
wards studied  with  his  stepfather  Gonde-  his  companions.  Panel  probably  formed 
lacli  in  Augsburg.  Fond  of  painting  sor-  the  cover  of  a  cassettone  or  box  for  wed- 
cerers  and  witches.  Went  to  Italy,  and  ding  gifts. — Nat.  Gal.  Cat. 
lived  mostly  in  Venice,  where  he  painted  I  By  Guido  Reni,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  8  ft. 
altarpieces.  Urban  VIII.  made  him  knight  3  in.  X  8  ft.  7  in.  Paris,  preceded  by  Cupid 
of  the  Golden  Spur.  Works :  Two  Marys  and  giving  his  hand  to  Helen,  leads  her  to 
at  Christ's  Grave  (1G55),  All  Saints'  Chapel,  the  ship  in  which  his  companions  are  about 
Venice  ;  Diana  Bathing,  Venice  Academy. —  to  embark  ;  three  women  follow  Helen, 
Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xi.  GG4.  bearing  jewels  and  a  dog  ;  in  front,  a  little 


Rape  of  Helen,  Guido  Reni,  Louvre. 


HELENA 


negro  with  an  npe  and  a  dog.  This  picture, 
celebrated  in  its  time  in  verse  and  prose,  was 
painted  for  the  King  of  Spain  ;  but  he  find- 
ing the  price  too  high,  Guido  sold  it  to  M.  do 
La  Foreade  for  Maria  de'  Medici  ;  the  queen 
being  obliged  to  leave  Paris,  M.  Forcade 
sold  it  to  Louis  Phelipeaux,  Seigneur  do  La 
Villa-re,  from  whom  it  passed  through  sev- 
eral other  hands  to  the  Musee  Napoleon. 
Engraved  by  Desplaces. — Landon,  Musee, 
xi.  PI.  f>0. 

HELENA,  painter,  daughter  of  Timon  of 
Egypt,  4th  century  lu1.  The  mosaic  of  the 
Battle  of  Issus,  at  Naples,  is  perhaps  a  re- 
production of  her  only  recorded  work. — 
Ptolein.  Hephaest.  in  Phot.  Bibl.,  p.  4S-J 
(ed.  Hoeschel). 

HELENA,  ST.,  VISION  OF,  Paolo  !>/•-- 
nese,  National  Gallery,  London  ;  canvas,  H. 


•      '•' 
•    '     •  .  ' 


Wtm^fc^m    -     >; 
3&yfcM$y\     l  A 

m^^jA  I  n, 


Vision  of  St.  Helena,  Paolo  Veronese,  Vatican,  Rome. 

6  ft  5  in.  x  3  ft.  9  in.  The  Saint,  in  sleep 
or  revery,  reclines  on  a  marble  window-seat, 
resting  her  head  upon  her  right  hand  ; 
through  the  open  window  are  seen  two 
cherubim  bearing  a  cross.  The  design  ap- 
pears to  be  after  an  engraving  by  Marc  An- 
tonio, supposed  to  be  after  a  drawing  by 
Raphael  Etched  by  E.  W.  Sherboru  in 


Art  Journal  (1884),  257.— Nat.  Gal.  Cat.  ; 
Bartsch,  xiv.  443  ;  Hichter,  74. 

By  Paolo  }'i-rnni'Ki',  Vatican,  Koine.  Seat- 
ed, asleep,  wearing  the  imperial  crown,  and 
clad  in  a  rich  brocaded  Venetian  costume, 
her  head  resting  upon  her  left  hand  ;  at 
right,  a  little  angel  standing  holds  a  Greek 
cross.  Acquired  from  Galleria  Saechetti  bv 
Benedict  XIV.,  who  placed  it  in  the  Capitol 
Museum,  whence  removed  to  Vatican.  En- 
graved by  Gins.  Craffonara. — Laronsso,  ix. 
1'.':  Vaticano  descritto,  vi.  PI.  7(>. 

HELFFT,  JULIt'S,  born  in  Berlin.  April 
li,  1H1K.  Landscape  and  architecture  painter, 
pupil  of  Berlin  Academy  and  of  W.  Schir- 
mer  ;  went  in  1SI.'{  to  Italv,  painted  there 
a  series  of  views  around  Florence  for  King 
Frederick  William  IV.,  then  visited  Rome, 
Naples,  and  Sicily,  and  returned  in  1S47, 
when  he  was  appointed  professor  in  Berlin 
Academy.  Works:  Sicilian  Cloister  Yard 
(1S47),  Doge's  Palace  -Venice  (IS.li;),  Na- 
tional Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Canal  Grande  in  Ven- 
ice ;  San  Miniato  near  Florence. — Miillcr, 
247. 

HELIODOHUS.  painter,  of  Athens,  date 
unknown.  Perhaps  identical  with  sculptor 
of  same  name  mentioned  by  Pliny  (xxxvi.  4 
[91]),  some  of  whose  statues  were  in  the 
Temple  of  Jupiter  in  the  Portico  of  Octavia, 
Itomo. — Pausan.,  1,  :!7,  1. 

HELIODOIU'S,  EXITLSIONOF,  /!<!/,/,- 
iii'/,  Stan/a  d'Kliodoro,  Vatican  ;  fresco.  He- 
liodorus,  treasurer  of  the  Syrian  king,  at- 
tempting to  plunder  the  Temple  at  Jerusa- 
lem, is  driven  out  by  two  avenging  angels 
(2  Maccabees,  ii.  '2~>).  In  background  the 
High  Priest  Onias  praying  before  the  taber- 
nacle ;  in  foreground,  right,  the  answer  to 
the  prayer — Heliodorus  overthrown,  and  his 
soldiers  put  to  (light  by  two  angels  with 
scourges  and  a  celestial  horseman  ;  at  left, 

O 

the  assembled  jx-ople  and  Julius  II.  in  his 
chair  of  state.  The  bearer  in  front  is  Mare 
Antonio  Raimondi,  and  another  farther  back 
is  supposed  to  be  Giulio  Romano.  Typical 
of  the  victory  of  the  Papacy  over  its  enemies, 
especially  Louis  XII.  of  France.  1'aiuted  in 


IIELLEMANS 


1512.  Engraved  by  A.  Meldolla  ;  Mochetti ; 
Volpato  ;  Friquet ;  Amlerloni ;  Baillu  ;  C. 
Maratti.— Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  345  ;  Miintz, 
300  ;  Passavaut,  ii.  130 ;  Springer,  201 ; 
Kugler  (Eastlake),  ii.  433  ;  Perkins,  135. 

HELLEMANS,  PETRUS  JOANNES, 
born  at  Brussels  in  17H7,  died  there  in  1845. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Jean  Baptiste 
de  Roy  ;  good  eolourist,  painted  trees  with 
great  pare.  Works  :  Bois  de  Soignies,  Mech- 
lin Museum  ;  do.,  and  Mill,  Brussels  Musc- 


ouring  is  warm  and  transparent,  treatment 
broad,  figures  well  drawn  and  full  of  expres- 
sion. Works  :  Kirmess,  Aremberg  Gallery, 
Brussels  ;  Alchemist  in  his  Laboratory,  Rot- 
terdam Museum  ;  do.,  Copenhagen  Gallery  ; 
Interior,  Farrier  at  Work,  Lille  Museum  ; 
Drinker,  Dunkirk  Museum  ;  Kirmess,  Douai 
Museum  ;  Shoemaker's  Shop,  Family  Group, 
Brunswick  Museum ;  Peasants  Drinking, 
Betrothal  Feast,  Peasant  Weddings  (2), 
Stockholm  Museum  ;  Temptation  of  St.  An- 


(I    1  -•  J  fV-T  Vj!yr  .  M-^-jSV.-  • 


Expulsion  of  Heliodorus,    Raphael,    Stanza  d'Eliodoro,   Vatican. 


um  ;  Landscapes  in  Gueldors  (2,  with  figures 
by  Eugene  Yerboeckhoven),  Kunsthalle, 
Hamburg ;  Wood  Landscape  (1820),  Leip- 
sic  Museum.  His  wife,  Jean  Marie  Joseph- 
ine (1796-1837),  painted  fruit  and  flowers. 
— Immerzeol,  ii.  26  ;  Kramm,  iii.  665. 

HELLEMONT  (Helmont),  MATTHEUS 
VAN,  born  at  Antwerp,  baptized  July  24, 
1623,  died  at  Brussels.  Flemish  school ; 
genre  painter,  pupil  of  Teniers  the  younger  ; 
visited  Italy,  and  in  Paris  painted  some  of 
his  best  pictures  for  Louis  XIV.  Master  of 
the  guild  at  Antwerp  in  1646,  then  at  Brus- 
sels, having  left  Antwerp  in  1674.  His  col- ' 


thony,  Musical  Party,  Historical  Society, 
New  York.  —  Immerzeel,  ii.  28  ;  Riegel,  Bei- 
triige,  ii.  127  ;  Van  den  Branden,  1022. 


HELLEMONT,  ZEGER  JACOB  VAN, 
born  at  Antwerp,  April  17,  1683,  died  at 
Brussels,  Aug.  21,  1726.  History  and  genre 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  the  portrait  painter 


230 


IIKIJ.F.X 


Jan  van  Hellemont  (1050-1710  ?);  went  early 
to  Brussels,  mill  there  painted  many  pict- 
ures for  churches,  in  which  the  decline  of 
the  school  of  Antwerp  after  Rubens  is  ap- 
parent. Works:  Martyrdom  of  St.  Bar- 
bara, St.  Mary  Magdalen's,  Brussels  ;  Tri- 
umph of  David,  St.  Michael's,  il>. ;  Elijah 
sacrificing  before  the  Priests  of  Baal,  Car- 
melites,  ib. ;  Christ  on  the  Cross,  (ilicnt 
Museum  ;  Peasants  at  Cards,  Male  Portrait 
(1724),  Darmstadt  Museum  ;  Dentist  in  his 
Office,  Augsburg  Gallery  ;  Priest  distribut- 
ing Bread  and  Wine,  Modena  Gallery.  - 
Descamps,  iii.  1K8  ;  Michiels,  x.  40:!  ;  Rooses 
(Ileber),  440;  Van  den  Brandon,  1171. 

HELLEN,  KAKL  VON  DER,  born  in 
Bremen,  May  10,  1843.  Landscape  painter, 
pupil  in  Dilsseldorf  of  Oswald  Achenboch, 
then  studied  in  Munich,  and  in  18G4-08 
in  Carlsruho  under  Gude,  ISO!)  in  Paris, 
1S70  in  Rome,  and  in  1871  settled  in  Diis- 
seldorf.  Works  :  Wood  Interior  ;  Land- 
scape in  Black  Forest;  North  German 
Landscape  ;  Evening  in  Italy.  —  Midler, 
247. 

HELLC^VIST,  KARL  GUST AF,  born  in 
Kungsor  in  1851.  History  painter,  pupil 
of  Stockholm  Academy  and  of  M.  T.  Le- 
febvre  in  Paris  ;  received  a  medal  for  one 
of  his  first  pictures  ;  lives  now  in  Munich. 
Honourable  mention,  Paris.  Instructor  at 
Berlin  Academy,  January,  1880.  Works : 
Ebba  Brahe  writing  on  the  Window-Pane  ; 
Gustavus  Vasa  accusing  Bishop  Sonnanviider 
of  High  Treason ;  Opprobrious  Entry  of  Peder 
Sonnanviider  and  Master  Knut  into  Stock- 
holm (1870),  New  York  Museum  ;  Louis  XI. 
and  Tristan  at  Plcssis-les-Tours  ;  Death  of 
Sten  Stures  ;  The  Last  Friend  (1871!);  Ran- 
som of  Town  of  Visby  by  King  Waldemar 
of  Denmark  in  1301  (1883);  Snow  Effect  in 
Tyroleso  Mountains,  On  a  Bench  in  the 
Woods,  Portrait  of  Professor  Thiersch 
(1884);  Idyl,  Swedish  Peasant,  At  the  Har- 
bor of  Wolgast,  June  15,  1633  (1885).— 
Muller,  248;  Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1883),  ii.  11; 
D.  illustr.  Zeitg.,  iii.  527  ;  Zeitsch.,  xviii. 
274 ;  xx.  116. 


HELLRATH,  EMIL,  born  at  Rees,  West- 
phalia, in  18;i!>.  landscape  painter,  pupil 
in  Diisseldorf  Academy  of  Oswald  Achen- 
bach,  then  visited  Munich  and  Dresden  ; 
lived  for  some  lime  in  Amsterdam,  and  in 
lS(i:{  settled  in  Munich.  Works:  Lmd- 
scape  in  Rain  ;  On  Lake  Chiem  ;  Convent 
Pond  ;  Landscape  at  Early  Morning  ;  View 
in  (Quarries  near  Polling  ;  Road  to  Convent, 
Johnston  sale,  New  York,  lS7(i,  Si, 275. 
Mfiller,  -248. 

HELLWEGKR,  FRAN/,  liorn  at  St.  Lo- 
renx,  Tyrol,  Sc]>t.  7,  ISl'J,  died  in  Innsbruck. 
Feb.  15,  isso.  History  painter,  ]>ii]iil  of 
Munich  Academy  under  Clemens  Zimmer- 
maiin  and  Heiurich  Hess.  In  LSI.'!  passed 
eight  months  in  Rome,  then  returned  to 
Munich,  where  he  assisted  Cornelius  in  the 
frescos  in  St.  Louis'  Church,  and  afterwards 
Steinle  in  the  Cathedral  of  Cologne,  and 
Schraudolph  in  the  Cathedral  of  Spever. 
In  185(5  he  settled  in  Innsbruck.  Works: 
Death  of  Mary,  and  three  oilier  altarpieces, 
Brunneck,  Tyrol  ;  Madonna,  St.  Ann,  I'ari.sh 
Church,  Innsbruck  ;  Baptism  of  Christ,  Scap- 
ulary  Festival,  Flight  into  Egypt,  .Male  Por- 
traits (-),  Innsbruck  Museum  ;  St.  Cather- 
ine, Fathers  of  the  Church,  Ischl,  Upper 
Austria. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xi.  <!!('.)  ;  Kimst- 
Chronik,  xv.  1571  ;  Wurzbach,  viii.  2:i7. 

HKLLWIG,  THEODOK,  born  at  Jlalber- 
stadt  in  1815.  Genre  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  in  Berlin  of  Men/el,  Fran/.  Kniger, 
and  Magnus ;  paints  scenes  from  time  of 
Louis  XIV.  and  XV.  in  the  manner  of  Wat- 
teau,  and  from  peasant  life  of  his  native 
country.  Works:  Rendezvous;  Children 
at  a  Fountain  ;  Serenade  under  the  Door- 
way.—Muller,  -218. 

HELMBREKER,  THEODOKUS,  born  in 
Haarlem  in  1G'24,  died  in  Rome  in  1<!!)4. 
Dutch  school  ;  history  and  genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Pieter  de  Grebber,  went  to  Venice, 
afterwards  to  Rome,  where  he  was  employed 
by  Cardinal  de  Medici.  Works  :  Tempta- 
tion of  Christ ;  Christ  bearing  the  Cross ; 
Christ  before  Pilate  ;  Christ  Crucified  ;  Fran- 
ciscan Monks  distributing  Food  ;  Pilgrim 


231 


IlELMRDOKF 


with  Italian  Shepherds,  Copenhagen  Gallery. 
— Immerzeel,  ii.  27  ;  Kramm,  iii.  005. 

HELMSDORF,  FRIEDRICH,  born  at 
Magdeburg  in  1784,  died  at  Carlsruhe  in 
1852.  Landscape  painter,  in  1809  settled 
in  Strassburg,  where  he  had  many  pupils  ; 
visited  Italy  twice,  and  lived  there  in  1816- 
20.  "\Vorks  :  Tasso's  Oak  ;  Lake  of  Neiui. 

HELST,  BARTHOLOMEWS  VAN  DER, 

born  at  Haar- 
lem (or  Dor- 

i 

d  r  e  c  h  t )  in 
1(513  (?),  died 
in  Amster- 
dam, buried 
Dec.li;,l(i70. 
Dutch  school; 
p  o  r  trait 
i  p  a  i  n  t  c  r  , 
either  stud- 

"•>  •       \ 

i  o  d     u  n  d  e  r 

Frans  Hals  or  took  him  as  his  model,  and 
became  one  of  the  greatest  portrait  painters 
of  his  time.  Lived  chiefly  at  Amsterdam, 
where  in  1654  he  and  Nicolaas  van  Helt- 
Stokade  founded  the  guild  of  St.  Luke. 
His  earliest  picture  is  dated  1(539.  Some- 
times painted  sacred  and  mythological  sub- 
jects. Works  :  lianqin't  of  the  Civic  Guard 
(1648),  /S'yiif/ic.s  of  the  Arquebusiers  (1(557), 
Portraits  of  Vice-Admiral  Kortenaar,  An- 
dries  Bicker,  Gerard  Bicker,  Mary  Henrietta 
Stuart,  Lieutenant-Admiral  Van  Nes  and 
Madame  Van  Nes  (1(568),  Female  Portrait 
(164(5),  Male  do.  (1G50),  Amsterdam  Mu- 
seum ;  The  Archers  (2,  103!)  and  105G), 
Hotel  de  Ville,  Amsterdam  ;  Portrait  of  Paul 
Potter  (1(554),  Hague  Museum  ;  Portrait  of 
a  Preacher  (1038),  two  others  (1046),  Por- 
trait of  Lady  and  Gentleman  (1654),  do.  of 
Daniel  Bernard  (100!)),  Rotterdam  Museum  ; 
Man  with  emptied  Glass  (1649),  Oldenburg 
Gallery  ;  Aristocratic  Young  Couple  (1(561), 
Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Male  and  Female  Por- 
trait, Man  with  a  Ring  (1655),  Gotha  Mu- 
seum ;  Female  Portrait  (1055),  Weimar  Mu- 
seum ;  Male  do.  (1003),  Schwerin  Gallery  ; 
do.  (2,  one  dated  1051),  Copenhagen  Gal- 


lery ;  Portraits  (3,  1042  and  1643),  Cassel 
Gallery  ;  do.  (2),  Brunswick  Museum  ;  do. 
(3,  one  dated  1654),  Dresden  Gallery  ;  Por- 
trait of  Admiral  Tromp,  do.  of  Prince  de 
Chabauais,  Male  (1(549)  and  Female  Por- 
trait, Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Dutch  Fam- 
ily at  Dinner,  Innsbruck  Museum  ;  Syn- 
dics of  the  Arquebusiers  (1653,  study  for 
Amsterdam  picture),  Portrait  (1655),  do., 
Louvre  ;  Presentation  of  the  Betrothed 
(1047),  Family  Group  (1052),  New  Market 
in  Amsterdam  (1(5(56),  Portrait  of  Govaert 
Flinck,  Male  Portrait  (1070),  three  other 
portraits,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ;  Por- 
traits of  himself  and  Wife  (1664),  Brussels 
Museum  ;  German  Baron  and  his  Family, 
Portrait  of  a  Lady,  Historical  Society,  New 
York.  Others  in  Antwerp,  Berlin,  Geneva, 
Stockholm,  Vienna,  and  London  Galleries. 
By  his  son  and  pupil,  Lodewyk,  is  a  Portrait 
of  Admiral  Stellingwerf  (1070),  in  the  Am- 


sterdam  Museum.  —  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xi. 
709  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  hollandaise  ;  Bode, 
Studien,  112  ;  Burger,  ii.  218  ;  Gower,  Fig- 
ure Painters,  31  ;  Riegel,  Beitriige,  i.  129  ; 
Scheltema,  Amstel's  oudheid,  i.  159. 

HELSTED,  AXEL  THEOFILUS,  born 
in  Copenhagen,  April  11,  1847.  Genre 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Frederik  Ferdi- 
nand Helsted  (1809-75),  then  pupil  of  Co- 
penhagen Academy,  where  he  took  a  medal 
in  1804  ;  went  in  1809  to  Paris,  where  lie 
studied  under  Bonnat,  and  thence  to  Italy. 
Works  :  Portrait  of  Professor  Stephens 
(1809)  ;  do.  of  the  painter  Kuchler  (1878)  ; 
From  the  Villa  Borghese  (1870)  ;  After  the 


232 


HELT-STOKADK 


Lesson,  Lesson  with  the  Parson  (1877)  ; 
Father  with  his  Children  praying  to  Ma- 
donna (1878);  Country  Physician  (18711)  ; 
Clymene  and  her  Sisters  at  Phaeton's  Grave 
(1880);  Father  and  Son  (1882);  Two  Sons 
at  their  Mother's  Deathbed  (1883). — Sigurd 
Miiller,  151. 

HELT-STOKADE,  MCOLAAS  VAN, 
born  at  Nymwegen  about  Kilt,  died  in 
Ki(ii).  Dutch  school ;  history  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  David  Rykaert  the  elder  ; 
for  a  time  court-painter  in  Franco,  but  lived 
mostly  in  liomc  and  Venice,  though  at  Am- 
sterdam in  1(!54.  Many  European  princes 
ordered  pictures  of  him,  as  ho  was  an  excel- 
lent colourist.  He  supplied  the  landscapes 
of  Wynants,  Hackaert,  and  Da  Heusch  with 
figures.  Works  :  drain  Market  under  .Jo- 
seph in  Egypt,  Town  Hall,  Amsterdam;  Fig- 
ures in  Border  of  a  Forest  (by  Wynants, 
1059),  Hague  Museum  ;  Susanna  at  the 
Bath,  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Male  Portrait,  Old 
Pinnkothek,  Munich. — Immerzeel,  iii.  115; 
Kminni,  v.  1575  ;  Du  Stuers,  180  ;  Van  den 
IJranden,  871. 

HEMICYCLE,  Paul  Dulnrorhr,  Palais  des 
Beaux-Arts,  Paris  ;  encaustic  painting,  H. 
15  ft.  x  about  50  ft.  Scene — the  portico  of 
an  Ionic  temple  ;  in  centre  sits  Apelles  en- 
throned, with  Ictinus  on  his  right  and 
Phidias  on  his  left.  Near  them  are  live  alle- 
gorical figures  :  in  front,  Fame,  nude,  kneel- 
ing, easting  out  wreaths  from  a  heap  at  her 
side  ;  back  of  her,  at  left,  seated,  are  Greek 
Art  and  Gothic  Art,  the  latter  (with  the 
model  of  a  cathedral)  a  portrait  of  Dela- 
roche's  wife,  daughter  of  Horace  Vcrnet ; 
at  right,  Roman  Art  and  Renaissance  Art. 
On  each  side  of  this  ideal  group  extend  the 
wings  of  the  picture,  in  which  are  grouped 
the  great  artists  of  the  world,  standing  or 
sitting  in  their  habits  as  they  moved  of  old. 
The  work  contains  75  colossal  figures.  The 
original,  called  the  Hemicycle  because  it 
occupies  the  semicircular  frieze  of  the  am- 
phitheatre of  the  Beaux-Arts,  was  painted 
in  1837-41.  Delaroche  received  for  it  80,- 
000  francs,  the  price  set  for  a  canvas  of  fifteei1 


figures,  the  work  originally  contemplated. 
It  was  injured  by  fire  in  1855,  but  the  dam- 
age was  repaired  by  the  artist  himself,  aided 
by  Mercier  and  Fleury.  The  engraving  by 
Heuriquel  Dupont  cost  eight  years'  labour. 
Delaroche  made  for  Dupont's  use  a  copy  of 
the  work,  in  small  (1851!),  now  owned  by 
\\ .  T.  Walters,  Baltimore.  There  is  a  pho- 
togravure of  it  iu  Art  Treasures  of  America, 
together  with  a  key  to  the  figures.  Tho 
original  sketch  for  the  large  work  is  in  the 
Nantes  Museum.  --Art  Treas.  of  Amer.,  i. 
82  ;  Mrs.  Jameson  ;  (la/.  <les  11.  Arts  I  180(1), 
viii.  IS54. 

HEMISSEN  (Ilemishem,  HeniM-n),  -IAN 
VAN,  born  at  Ilemishem  (Hemixenn,  near 
Antwerp,  about  1500,  died  at  Haarlem  be- 
tween 1555  and  1500.  Flemish  school. 
Real  name  Jan  Sanders.  History  and  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  at  Antwerp  of  Hendrik 
van  Cleve  in  15111,  master  of  the  guild  be- 
fore 1524,  its  dean  in  1548;  removed  to 
Haarlem  in  1551.  Although,  in  his  time, 
the  influence  of  the  Italian  school  asserted 
itself  strongly,  lie  adhered  to  the  old  tradi- 
tions, and  took  (^iiinten  Massys  for  his 
model.  Works:  Calling  of  St.  Matthew, 
Museum,  Antwerp  ;  do.,  Theodor  van  Lc- 
rius,  ib.  ;  do.,  Ghent  Museum  ;  Prodigal 
Son  (1550),  Brussels  Museum  ;  Tobias  re- 
storing his  Father's  Sight  (1555),  Louvre, 
Paris  ;  Christ  driving  out  the  Money-Chang 
ers  (1550),  Nancy  Museum  ;  Madonna,  \  il- 
lage  Physician,  Madrid  Museum  ;  Abraham's 
Sacrifice,  Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg ; 
Calling  of  St.  Matthew  (15:!0),  Isaac  blessing 
Jacob,  Holy  Family  (1541),  Old  Pinakothek, 
Munich  ;  Mocking  of  Christ  (1544),  Schleiss- 
heim  Gallery  ;  Calling  of  St.  Matthew,  do. 
(15:i7),  do.  (1548),  St.  Jerome,  St.  William, 
Portrait  of  Mabusc,  Vienna  Museum  ;  St. 
Ursula,  Adoration  of  the  Magi,  Prince  Albert 
Collection,  London.  His 
daughter  and  pupil,  Catharina,  LJ  J*j 
was  an  artist  of  merit  ;  went  .  »  ... 
with  her  husband,  a  musician, 
|  to  Spain,  where  both  entered  the  service  of 
the  Queeii  of  Hungary.  A  Male  Portrait  by 


233 


11EMLING 


her,  dated  1552,  is  in  the  National  Gallery, 
London. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xi.  720  ;  Ch. 
Blanc,  Kcole  ilamaude  ;  Cat.  du  Musee 
d'Anvers  (1874),  472  ;  Kramin,  iii.  074 ; 
Rouses  (Heber),  <!8;  Van  den  Brandon,  98. 

HEMLING.     See  Jfi'iiiliiiy. 

HEMPEL,  JOSEF  VOX,  Hitter,  born  in 
Vienna,  Feb.  '.),  1800.  History  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Vicuna  Academy  under  liodl  ;  went 
to  Italy  in  1821,  studied  in  Florence  and  in 
Koine,  where  he  was  influenced  by  Over- 
beck,  returned  to  Vienna  in  1825,  moved  to 
Klagvnfurt  in  1S48,  where  he  founded  the 
.school  of  design  at  the  Lyceum,  lived  four 
years  in  Tyrol,  then  in  Gratz,  and  in  1859 
settled  on  an  estate  in  Croatia.  Works : 
Christ  and  the  Woman  of  Samaria  (1822) ; 
Entombment  ;  Jacob's  Dream  ;  Flight  into 
Egypt  ;  Kaising  of  Lazarus  ;  Trinity,  and 
many  other  altarpieces  for  churches  in  Vi- 
enna and  the  Austrian  provinces. — Wurz- 
bach,  viii.  405. 

HEMSEN.     See  Hcmix*;,. 

HEMY,  CHARLES  NAPIER,  born  at 
Newcastle-on-Tyne,  May  25,  1841.  Marine 
painter,  pupil  of  School  of  Art  at  Newcastle  ; 
entered  Dominican  monastery  at  Newcastle, 
whence  he  was  sent  to  a  branch  at  Lyons, 
France,  but  left  when  twenty-two  years  old 
and  became  a  painter.  In  1803  he  became  a 

*•  I 

student  at  Antwerp  of  Henri  Leys,  on  whose 
death  he  returned  to  London.  Works:  The 
Shrine,  London  River,  Liinehouse,  Barge 
Builders,  Blackball,  and  Chcync  Walk  (all 
exhibited  in  Royal  Academy,  1872);  Ves- 
pers (187!))  ;  Cavalry  (187!))  ;  Saved  (1880)  ; 
Lobster  Boat,  Oporto,  Rocky  Shore,  Mill  in 
the  Gloaming  (1881) ;  Oporto  from  Sandc- 
man  Wine  Lodges,  Cinderella  and  lier  Sis- 
ters (1882);  Oyster  Dredgers,  Ferryman, 
Old  Putney  Bridge  in  1882,  Bargaining  for 
the  Catch,  Cool  of  the  Morning  (1883)  ; 
Tipping  a  Shrimp  Trawl,  The  Trammel  Net 
Catch  (1884).— Art  Journal  (1881),  225. 

HENDERSON,  JOSEPH,  born  in  Perth- 
shire, Scotland,  in  1832.  Marine  and  genre 
painter,  pupil  of  Royal  Scottish  Academy  at 
Edinburgh.  Has  resided  since  1852  in 


Glasgow,  where  he  became  in  1863  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Institute  of  Fine  Arts  ;  in  1877 
elected  a  member  of  the  Scottish  Water 
Colour  Society.  Began  with  portraits  and 
genre  pictures,  but  finally  devoted  himself 
with  success  to  marine  painting.  Works  : 
Where  Breakers  Roar  (1874)  ;  A  Lively 
Haul  (1875)  ;  Weeding  the  Garden,  Under 
the  Sand-Hills  (1878)  ;  From  the  Cliffs  of 
Ailsa,  Haymaking  in  the  Highlands  (187!)); 
Travelling  Cobbler  (1883). 

HENDRIKS,  WYBRAND,  born  at  Am- 
sterdam, June  24,  1747,  died  at  Haarlem, 
Jan.  28,  1831.  Portrait,  landscape,  and 
still-life  painter,  pupil  of  Amsterdam  Acad- 
emy, where  he  won  three  prizes ;  visited 
England,  and  having  lived  for  several  years 
at  Eden  in  Gelderland,  settled  at  Haarlem 
in  1780.  Was  very  versatile,  and  made  fine 
drawings  after  famous  masters.  Works : 
Female  Portrait  (1791),  Male  do.  (1811), 
Hunting  Party  of  Henry  IV.,  view  in  Haar- 
lem, Haarlem  Museum. — Immerzeel,  ii.  30  ; 
Kramm,  iii.  (!77. 

HENDSCHEL,  ALBERT,  born  in  Frank- 
fort, July  9,  1834, 
died  there,  Oct.  22, 
1883.  Genre  paint- 
er, pupil  of  Stiidel 
Institute  under 
Steinle  and  Passa- 
v  a  n  t,  then  u  n  d  e  r 
Jacob  Becker;  vis- 
ited the  principal 
galleries  of  Germany, 
and  in  1809-70  Italy. 

Works :  Hostess's  Daughter  ;  Fiddler  of 
Gemiind  ;  Cinderella  ;  Broken  Pitcher ; 
Scenes  from  Gotz  von  Berlichingen  ;  Sketch- 
Book  (1872-74);  Coffee-Party;  Wreath- 
Maker  ;  Judgment  of  Paris.—  Zeitschr.  f.  b. 
K.,  viii.  81  ;  Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1874),  ii.  309  ; 
(1883),  ii.  408 ;  Land  und  Meer  (1884),  i. 
127. 

HENGSBACH,  FRANZ,  born  at  Werl, 
Westphalia,  in  1814,  died  in  Diisseldorf,  Feb. 
25, 1883.  German  school ;  landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under  Schirmer; 


••-•    •-  «, 

it--^-^  -  !•*• 


234 


IIEXXEBERG 

chose  his  subjects  principally  from  (lie  high  Messalina   insulted    by    tlio  People  ;    Doge 

mountains  of  the  Alpine  countries.     Works:  Foseari  ;  Labourers  in  the  Campagna  ;  Kale 

Rainy   Weather   in    tlie    OilenwaM    (1*40),  of  Objects  of  Art  (1883). 

Schwerin  Gallery  ;  View  of  Salzburg  (1841  );  HENXEQUIX,    PHILIPPE    Al'Gl'STK. 

The  Staufen  near  Salzburg  (1842);  Mill  in  born  in  Lyons  in  1703,  died  at  Lcn/.e  near 

Tyrol  (1846);Mountaiuou8Landscape  (1847),  Tom-nay,  May  12,  1833.     History  and  genre 

Leipsic   Museum;    Hallstadt   Lake    (1848);  painter,  studied    under  Taraval,  Gois,  and 

Gosau  Waterfall  (1850)  ;    Hohentwiel   and  Brenet,  and  became  OIK;  of  David's  best  pu- 

Lake  Constance  ;  Alp  near  Lago  Maggiore  :  pils.     Won  the  grand  prix  de  Rome  in  17S8. 

Huts  on  Seelisberg  on  Lake  Lu/.erne  ;  Lau-  Obliged  to  leave  Italy  on  account  of  his  lib- 

terbrunnenthal  ;  Limbnrg  on  the  Lenne  by  eral  opinions,  he  returne(l  to  France,  where 

Moonlight;    Lausanne    and    Lake     of    Ge-  he    several    times    narrowly  escaped    death 

neva.  —  Kunst-Chronik,  xviii.    418;    Miiller,  during  the  Revolution.     Inbsll   he  retired 

24!).  to  Liege,  and  finally  to  Tonrnav,  where  he 

HENNEBERG,    RUDOLF    (FRIED-  became  director  of'  the  Academy  in  the  fol- 

RICH),  born  at  Brunswick,  Sept.  13,  18-2."),  lowing  year.    Works:  Confederation  of  July 

died    there,    Sept.   14,   1870.     History   and  4,  171)0  (  17'.)  J);  liemorse  of  Orestes  (1T'.)8), 

genre  painter,  pupil  ill  1850-53  at  Antwerp  Louvre;   Triumph   of  Hie   French    People 

Academy,  then  for  three  years  in  Paris  of  (IT!)!)),    Rouen    Museum;    Self-sacrifice    of 

Couture;    visited    Italy    in    1801-03,    lived  300  Citizens  of    Franchimont  (1814);    Soc- 

then    in    Munich    until    1805,  in  Berlin  in  rates  and  his   Disciples;  Catherine  de   La- 

1800-73,  and  in  Rome  in  1873-75.      Mem-  lain  ;    Battle  of  Aboukir,   Napoleon  in    the 

ber  of  Berlin  Academy  in  180!)  ;  gold  medal,  Camp  at  Boulogne  (180(5),  Allegory  on  Xa- 

Berlin,  1850,  18(!8  ;  Vienna,  1873.      Works:  polcon  I.,  Portrait  of  Mari|iiis  de  Perignon, 

Bathing    Students  (18."):!)  ;    Gypsy   and    his  Versailles  Museum  ;  Saul  and  Witch  of  En- 

Love  (1854),  Brunswick  Gallery  ;  Wild  Hunt-  dor,   Lyons  Museum;    Battle  of    (^uiberon 

er  (1850),    National    Gallery,    Berlin;    two  1  1804),  Toulouse   Museum;  Crime  pursued 

replicas  of  do.  (1871);   Regenstein,  Hare-  by  Remorse,  Time,  Fright,  Young  Man,  An- 

Hunt  (1857);  Wild  Huntsman  (185G,  replica  gers  Museum;  others  in  Museums  of  (  >r 
in  Schack  Gallery,  Munich),  Criminal  from 
Lost  Honour  (1800),  Furtinu:  Chase  (18li8), 
National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Fairy  Princess, 
Declaration  of  Love,  Objectionable  People, 
GermaniaLiberata(1801>  71);  Cycle  of  Wall- 
paintings  with  Scenes  from  War  of  1870-71 

(1872),   Villa  Warschauer,    Chariot  (cnburg  ;  leans,    Mans,    and    Caen.      Bellie;-,    i.    7").")  ; 

Scenes  from  the  Campagna  (1873-75).  —  All-  Imineiv.eel,    ii.    31;     Larousse  ;    Lejeune. 

gem.  tl.  Biogr.,  xi.   7(>8  ;  frraph.   K.,  v.  41;  Guide,  iii.  125. 

Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1883),  i.  245  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  HEXNER,    JEAN    JACQIT.S,    born    in 

iii.  94;  xii.  473;  Schack,  Meino  Gemiilde-  Bermviller  (Alsace),  March  5,  1820.     Genre 

sammlung  (1885),    17!)  ;    llosenberg,    Berl.  painter,  pupil  of  Drolling  and  of  Picot  ;  won 

Malersch.,  203.  the  grand  ]>rix  de  Rome  in  1858.     His  col- 

HEXNEBICQ,  ANDRE,  bom    at   Tour-  ouring,  at  first  weak  and  thin,  has  improved 

nay,  Belgium  ;  contemporary.     Portrait  and  from  year  to  year.      Usually   paints  nude 

history  painter,  pupil  of  Portaels.     Medals  figures.     Medals  :  3d  class,  18(>3,  18(!5,  and 

at  Brussels  (1872),  Amsterdam  (1874),  Paris,  ISIil!  ;  1st  class,  1878  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1873; 

2d  class  (1874);  Order  of  Leopold.     Studio  Officer,  1878.     Works:  Bathing  Girl  Asleep 

in  Brussels.     Works  :   Jeremiah's.  Lament  ;  (1803),  Colmar  Museum  ;    Chaste  Susanna 


* 

Pi 

f  fC^^i^^ 
/  It/ 

/   Q  flij 
* 


HENNESSEY 


(1805),  /</)//  (1872),  Naiad,  Good  Samaritan 
(1874),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Girl  (18GG); 
Biblis  (1867),  Dijon 
Museum  ;  "Woman 
Dressing;,  Woman 
Reclining  (18G9), 
Mulhouse  Museum; 
Little  Writer 
(1809);  Alsatian 
Woman  (1870)  ; 
Magdalen  in  the 
Desert  (1874)  ; 
Dead  Christ  (1876); 
John  the  Baptist,  Evening  (1877);  Christ  at 
the  Tomb,  Eclogue  (1879);  The  Fountain, 
Sleep  (1880) ;  The  Spring,  St.  Jerome  (1881); 
Bara  (1882);  Woman  Heading,  Nun  (1883); 
Christ  Entombed,  Weeping  Nymph  (1884) ; 
Madeleine  (1885); 
Sleeping  Nymph,  He-  |  |  |-|  £  fl  |\J  £  R 
pose,  La  Source 

(1881),  Fabiola  (1885),  Mrs.  M.  J.  Morgan 
Collection,  New  York  ;  Nymph,  W.  T.  Wai- 
tors,  Baltimore  ;  Andromeda,  Mine.  Raffalo- 
vitch,  Paris.—  Gay.,  des  B.  Arts  (18(5!)),  i.  4!)5  ; 
Larousse  ;  Claret  it1,  Peintres  (1884),  ii.  81. 

HENNESSEY,  WILLIAM  J.,  born  in 
Thomastown,  Ireland,  in  18:$!).  Landscape 
and  genre  painter ;  went  to  New  York  in 
1849,  pupil  in  185G  of  National  Academy  ; 
became  an  A.N.A.  in  18G2,  and  N.A.  in  18(i:$ ; 
removed  in  1870  to  London,  but  resides  the 
greater  part  of  the  year  in  Normandy.  Works: 
In  Memoriam  ;  Wanderers  ;  On  the  Sands  ; 
New  England  Hills ;  Summer  Sea ;  Les 
Bons  Amis  ;  Gypsy  Flower-Girl ;  New  Eng- 
land Barberry  Pickers  ;  Indian  Summer  ; 
Notre  Dame  des  Flols  (1877);  Fute-Day  in 
Cider  Orchard  in  Normandy  (1878);  Wait- 
ing for  (he  Boats,  Gloire  de  Dijon,  Nor- 
mandy Pippin,  Aftermath,  Sunbeam  (1879); 
Yisit  to  the  Peacock,  Evening  'at  Calvados, 
Spring  Fantasy,  In  a  Normandy  Cider  Or- 
chard (1880);  Straw  Harvest  in  Calvados, 
Jocund  Spring,  An  Impressionist  at  Work 
(1881) ;  Spring  in  Calvados,  Winter  in  Cal- 
vados, En  Fete— Calvados  (1882);  Pastoral, 
AVith  the  Birds  (1883);  'Twixt  Day  and 


Night  (1884)  ;  Return  from  School,  The 
Flowers  of  May  (1885). 

HENNIG,  GUSTAV  ADOLF,  born  in 
Dresden  in  1798,  died  in  Leipsic,  Jan.  15, 
18G9.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Leipsic 
Academy,  then  studied  in  Rome  ;  after  his 
return  became  professor,  later  director,  of 
Leipsic  Academy,  and  in  1840  professor  at 
Dresden  Academy.  Works :  Christ  driv- 
ing out  the  Money-Changers  ;  Finding  of 
Moses  (1848),  Dresden  Museum  ;  Annuncia- 
tion, Saltarello  Dance,  Leipsic  Museum. 
-Kunstbl.  (185!$),  49;  Christl.  Kimstbl. 
(1870),  12. 

KENNING,  ADOLF,  born  in  Berlin  in 
1809.  History  and  portrait  painter,  pupil 
of  Berlin  Academy  and  of  Wach  ;  in  1833 
went  to  Italy  for  several  years.  Member  of 
and  professor  at  Berlin  Academy.  Works  : 
Portrait  of  Himself  (182G);  Girl  of  Frascati 
(1838),  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Funeral 
in  the  Campagna  ;  Portrait  Group  of  Count 
Raczynski's  Family ;  Portrait  of  Sculptor 
Rauch  ;  St.  Luke  and  St.  John,  Chapel  of 
Royal  Palace,  Berlin  ;  Colossal  Figures  of 
Eight  Prussian  Provinces,  Royal  Palace,  Ber- 
lin; Thetis  and  Achilles;  Ulysses  and  Leuco- 
thea  ;  Diana  and  Iphigenia  ;  yEueas  and  An- 
chises  ;  Ajax  Enraged  ;  Romulus  Ploughing. 
— Miiller,  250  ;  Kugler,  Kleine  Schriften, 
iii.  175  ;  Rosenberg,  Berl.  Malcrsch.,  33. 

HENNINGS,  FRIEDRICH,  born  in  Bre- 
men in  1838.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  in 
Diisseldorf  of  Oswald  Achenbach  ;  perfected 
himself  by  repeated  journeys  to  Italy. 
Among  his  German  and  North  Italian  land- 
scapes, those  by  moonlight  are  the  most 
successful.  Has  recently  exhibited  garden 
scenes  with  figures  mostly  in  rococo-costume. 
Works  :  Landscape  with  Gypsies  (18G4)  ; 
Malsen  on  Lake  Garda  (1865)  ;  Evening  in 
Garden  of  Villa  San  Lissandro  ;  Nuremberg 
at  Moonrise;  Salzburg  by  Moonlight  (18G9); 
View  of  Passau ;  Venice ;  Avenue  near 
Nymphenburg ;  Avenue  at  Wilhelmshohe  ; 
Park  with  rococo-figures. — Miiller,  250. 

HENNINGSEN,  ERIK,  born  in  Copen- 
hagen, Aug.  29,  1855.  Genre  painter,  pu- 


220 


HENNINGSEN 


HENRI  IV.  AT  IVHY,  /.',</„•„,-,  Ufti/.i, 
Florence  ;  canvas,  figures  more  than  Hfe- 
si/o.  The  king,  mounted,  in  (he  centre  of 
the  composition,  followed  l>v  many  kni"hts 

»  *• 


who   are   engaged   with    the 
of  and    the    preceding   picture 


enemy.     This 
were     painted 


pil  of  Copenhagen  Academy  ;  visited  Paris  Rubens  has  availed  himself  of  several  parts 
in  1880,  and  travelled  for  two  years  in  Ger-  of  Mantegna's  Triumph  of  (\r*ar  at  Hamp- 
many.  Works  :  Dilettante  on  the  Violon-  ton  Court.  Brought  from  Palazzo  Pitti  in 
cello  (1879)  ;  Cake-Woman,  Old  Bachelor  177:1.  Sketch  in  Karl  Darnley's  Collection, 
Shopping  (1880);  Morning  in  Address-  Cobham  Hall.—  Waagen,  Treasures,  iii  23; 
Agency's  Yard  (1881)  ;  Confirmation  (1882);  Cat.  Louvre.  Rubens,  231. 
Dirty  Apprentice,  Guard  mounting  at  Ama- 
lieuborg  (188:1).—  Sigurd  Miiller,  !."><;. 

HENNINGSEN,  FRANTS,  born  in  Co- 
penhagen, June  22,  1850.     (Jenre  and  por- 
trait painter,  brother  of  preceding,  pupil  of 
Copenhagen    Academy,    and    in    Paris 
Bonnat  ;    visited    Spain, 
where,  especially  in  Madrid 
in  1878,  he  studied  popu- 
lar types.       Works  :  On  a 
Pedestrian    Trip    (1S77); 
Pond   in    Zealand   (187S)  ; 
Ploughing  in   October 
(1880);     Hay     Harvest, 
Huntsman  with  Horse  and 
Dog,     On     the    Highway 
(1881);    The    Old    Story 
(1882);  Burial,  In  Front  of 
a   Smithy   (188:5).—  Sigurd 
Miiller,  ICO. 

HENRI  IV.,  ENTRY  OF, 
Francois  Gerard,  Versailles 


n 


• 


, 
• 


•^  -^v' 

.    '-V^,<:^ 

I  L^K     ,-- 
if.'    ,       ~->xx 


Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  1(1  ft. 
9  in.  x  31  ft.  5  in.;  signed. 

Ill  Centre     Lllillicr     PrOVOst      Hen"  IV'andthe  Spanish  Ambassador,  Dominique  Ingres,  Baron  Alphonse  de  Rothschild,  Pi':;. 

of  the  merchants  of  Paris,  advances  at  the  '  about  1(130  by  order  of  Maria  de'  Medici.  a> 

head  of  a  group  of  municipal  oflicers  to  pro-  part  of  a  series  illustrative  of  the  historv  of 

sent  the  keys  of  the  city  to  tho  king,  near  HenrilV.,  for  her  palace  of  the  Luxembourg. 

whom  are,  on  left,  Crillon,  De  Retz,  Mont-  Transport  eel  from  Palazzo  Pitti  in  1773.- 

inorency,  and  Brissac,  and  on  right,  Biron,  Cat,  Louvre,  Rubens,  231. 

Sully  bearing  the  king's  casque,  and  Belle-  HENRI  IV.  AND  THK  SPANISH  AM- 

garde,  all  on  horseback  ;  farther  to  right,  BASSADOR,  Richard  Parkos  Jlniiiiii/lnii.  Sir 

Marechal  de  Matignon,  sword  in  hand;  in  Richard  Wallace,  Hertford  House,  London  ; 

a  balcony,  Gabrielle  d'Estrees.     Collection  canvas,  H.   1   ft.  4   in.    •:   1    ft.   7  in.     Tho 

of  Charles  X.,  Salon,  1817.      Repetition,  re-  King,  on  all  fours,  romping  with  his  three 

duced,  in  Louvre.     Engraved  by  Toschi.  —  children,  one  of  whom  is  astride  his  back, 

Larousse,  ix.  18G.  turns  his  head  to  greet  the  Spanish  ambas- 

By  Mullen*,  Uffizi,  Florence  ;  canvas,  fig-  sador,  who  enters  nt  right  through  a  door 

uresmore  than  life-size.    The  king,  crowned  from  which  the  portiere  is  drawn  bock  by  a 

with  laurel,  and  mounted  on  a  Roman  char-  page  ;  in  background,    the  Queen,   seated. 

iot,  is  making  a  triumphal  entry  into  Paris  '.  San  Donato  sale  (1K70),  t'3,.'?20. 
after  the  Battle  of  Ivry.     In    this  picture'      By   Dominique    fiujrcs,  Baron    Alphon<e 


IIEXRIET 


de  Rothschild,  Paris  ;  canvas,  H.  1  ft.  3  in.  ' 
X  1  ft.  7  in.  The  King  and  his  children 
at  right,  the  Spanish  ambassador  at  left 
near  an  open  door ;  in  background,  the 
Queen,  seated  ;  at  right,  a  maid,  standing. 
Painted  in  1817,  for  Due  de  Blacas  ;  Salon, 
1824.  According  to  Ch.  Blanc,  Ingres 
painted  this  subject  again  in  1828. — La- 
rousse,  ix.  187  ;  Landon,  Musi'e,  Salon  of 
(1824,)  i.  34. 

HENRIET,  FREDERIC,  born  in  Chateau- 
Thierry,  Sept.  6,  1826.  Landscape  painter  ; 
was  educated  a.  lawyer,  and  took  up  paint- 
ing after  being  secretary  to  Count  Nieuwer- 
kerke,  inspector  of  the  Louvre.  Author  of 
"  Le  Paysagiste  aux  Champs"  (Paris,  1866  : 
2d  edition,  187G)  ;  "  Daubigny  and  his  En- 
gravings "  (Paris,  1875)  ;  '•  Chintreuil,  sa  Vie 
et  son  (Euvre  "  (Paris,  1874).  Knight  of  the 
Spanish  Order  of  Isabella.  Works  :  Ham- 
let of  Montgoin  (1867),  Chateau-Thierry 
Museum  ;  The  Marnc  at  Tancrou  (1868), 
Yire  Museum  ;  Islands  of  Mary-sur-Marne 
(1869),  Laon  Museum  ;  Shore  Road  at 
M.'/y  (1879);  Evening  at  Ri'vin  (1880);  The 
Meuse  (1881)  ;  The  Way  to  School  (1882)  ; 
Gothic  Doorway  at  Armentieres,  Tower  of 
Guinettc  (1883)  ;  View  at  Mr/y  (1884)  ; 
Ruins  of  Mill  in  the  Ardennes  (1885). — Bel- 
lier,  i.  176. 

HENRIETTA  MARIA,  QUEEN,  portrait, 
Anton  van  Dyt-k,  Windsor  Castle.  The  Queen 
seated,  with  infant  Duke  of  York  in  her 
arms,  Prince  Charles  standing  by  her  side, 
and  three  small  dogs  at  her  feet ;  in  back- 
ground, a  curtain,  and  in  distance,  West- 
minster Hall.  Engraved  by  R.  Strange. 
Other  portraits  of  the  Queen  at  Windsor 
Castle,  in  collections  of  Earl  of  Clarendon, 
Marquis  of  Lansdowne,  Earl  of  Portarling- 
ton,  Earl  of  Radnor,  in  Ambrosian  Library 
at  Milan,  and  elsewhere. — Head,  64  ;  Klass. 
der  Malerei,  PI.  16. 

HENRY,  EDWARD  L ,  born  in  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.,  Jan.  12,  1841.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  of  the  Philadelphia  Academy,  and  of 
Gleyre  in  Paris.  In  1860-G3  lived  in  Paris, 
Rome,  and  Florence  ;  sketched  on  the  James 


River  during  the  Civil  War;  revisited  Eu- 
rope in  1871,  1875,  and  1882,  when  he 
sketched  in  France  and  England.  Elected 
N.A.  in  1869.  Studio  in  New  York.  Works  : 
Old  Clock  on  the  Stairs  (1868) ;  City  Point- 
Grant's  Headquarters  (1869),  Union  League 
Club,  New  York  ;  Battle  of  Germaiitown, 
Win.  Astor,  ib.  ;  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence, Cloister,  J.  W.  Drexel,  ib. ;  Off  for  the 
Races  (1878),  Fairman  Rogers,  Philadelphia; 
Reception  to  Lafayette,  Samuel  Chew,  Ger- 
mantown  ;  Waiting  for  the  Bathers  (1879)  ; 
Mountain  Stage  (1880) ;  Lovers  of  Ceramic 
Art,  Railway  Station  (1881) ;  In  Sight  of 
Home  (1882);  Uninvited  Guests  (1883); 
Waiting  for  the  Answer  (1884). 

HENSEL,  WILHELM,  born  at  Trebbin, 
Brandenburg,  July  6,  1794,  died  in  Berlin, 
Nov.  26,  18G1.  History  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Berlin  Academy  ;  in  1813  joined  the 
army  as  volunteer,  and  during  the  war  went 
twice  to  Paris,  where  he  studied  the  art  treas- 
ures ;  in  1825  went  to  Rome,  returned  in 
1828,  became  court-painter,  and  in  1831 
member  of  and  professor  at  Berlin  Acad- 
emy. Works  :  Christ  on  Mount  of  Olives 
(1812);  Christ  and  WToman  of  Samaria (1825); 
Farewell  of  Vittoria  Caldoni ;  Christ  before 
Pilate,  Garnisouskirche,  Berlin  ;  Good  Sa- 
maritan, Royal  Palace,  ib. ;  Christ  in  the 
Desert;  Miriam  preceding  Israel  (1839), 
Queen  of  England  ;  Christ  meditating  on 
his  Mission,  Bridgewater  Gallery,  London  ; 
Emperor  Wenceslaus  ;  Italian  Peasants  at 
an  Antique  Well ;  Duke  of  Brunswick  at 
the  Ball  in  Brussels  in  1815  ;  Portraits  of 
Frederic  William  IV.,  Mendelssohn,  Prince 
of  Wales,  and  of  nearly  1,000  famous  con- 
temporaries.—Art  Journal  (1862),  25  ;  Ro- 
senberg, Berl.  Malersch.,  78. 

HER,  THEODOR,  born  at  Roth  near 
Leutkirch,  Wiirtemberg,  July  30,  1838. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Stuttgart  Art 
School  under  Neher  ;  in  1868  went  to  Paris, 
where  he  studied  after  Titian,  Palma  Vec- 
chio,  Paolo  Veronese,  and  Delacroix ;  in 
1869  pupil  of  Ramberg  in  Munich.  Works  : 
Spring  Day  (1872) ;  Evening  ;  Landscape 


HERBELIN 

with   Figures  ;    Moonlight   on    Via   Appia,  Cyril  Wiseman,  Ixirn  in  Franco  in  1H4K,  died 

Morning  on  Lake  Avcnuis  (1S84). — Ilhistr.  in  Ixjndon  in   1882,   was  an   artist   of   the 

Zeitg.  (187:5),  i-  275.  brightest  promise.— Sandby,  ii.  17!). 

HEIIBELIN,    Mine.    JEANNE    MA-       HERBST    (Herbster),    HANS,    born    in 

THILDE   (nee   Habert),    born    in    Brunoy  Strasburg    about    1408.       German    school; 

(Seine-et-Oise),    Aug.  24,  1820.     Miniature  master  in  141)2  of  the  guild  of  Basic,  where 

painter,  pupil  of  her  uncle,  Belloc.      Began  Hans  Holbein,  the  younger,  painted  his  por- 

by  painting  iu  oils.     Tainted  the  only  min-  trait  in  151(!.     In  1500  painted  au  altarpiece 

iature    ever  admitted  to  the  Luxembourg,  for  the  convent  of  St.  Dominick.     (iave  up 

Has  visited  Italy.     Medals:  Jid  class,  LSI:!;  painting  after  the  Reformation,  having  scru- 

2d  class,  1844;  1st  class,  1847,  1848,  1S55.  pies  about  ministering  to  picture-worship. - 

Works:  Margaret  of  Spain  (after  Velasquez) ;  Cotta's  Kunstbl.  ( 181(1),   40;    W.   .V;  W.,   ii. 

Rembrandt's  Virgin  ;  Peasant  Woman,  Bur-  48!J. 

gundian  Shepherdess  ;  The  Prayer  ;  A  Sou-        HERUSTHOFFER,  KARL,  born  at  Press- 

venir  ;  Child  holding  a  Itose  ;  Girl  playing  burg,  Hungary,  April  IT,  1821,  died  in  Paris 

with  a  Fan  (1855).  in     1*70.      Genre    painter,   pupil  of  Vienna 

HERBERT,  JOHN"  HOMERS,  born  at  Academy  under  Amerling  ;  went  afterwards 
Maldon,  Essex,  Jan.  215,  1810.  History  and  to  Paris,  where  he  became  naturali/ed,  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  in  London  of  Royal  adopted  Isabey's  style.  Works:  Arpad 
Academy;  began  by  painting  portraits  and  elected  Duke  of  the'  ^higvars  (1842);  Ma.sk- 
drawing  book-illustrations;  tirst  subject  eradc  at  Worms  in  10th  Century.  Tasso 
picture  exhibited,  The  Ajipointed  Hour,  reading  to  Duchess  of  Ferrara  ( 18  (:!);  Hun- 
After  visiting  Italy,  exhibited  Brides  of  Yen-  garian  Robbers  in  Ambush  ( 184M),  Sehwerin 
ice  (18;!!l).  His  conversion  to  Roman  ('a-  (lallery  ;  Episode  during  the  Ini[uisi(ion  in 
tholicism  (1840)  has  had  a  marked  influence  Holland  (1840),  owned  by  State  ;  Iconoclasts 
on  his  art.  Elected  an  A.R.A.  in  1841,  and  (184C),  Avery  Sale,  New  York,  1870  ;  Studio 
It  A.  iu  184(i,  when  he  was  commissioned  to  of  Van  Ostade  (1849);  Daniel  in  Lions' Den, 
paint  frescos  in  the  Houses  of  Parliament.  Lady  Macbeth,  Episode  in  Thirty  Years' War 
Corresponding  Member  of  Institute  of  (1850);  Temptation  (1852);  liaising  of  Laza- 
France.  Works:  Introduction  of  Chris-  rus  (1855),  owned  bv  State  ;  Studio  of  Ru- 
tianity  into  Britain  (1842);  Sir  Thomas  bens  (1857);  Partie  Carree,  Scene  in  St.  Bar- 
More  and  his  Daughter  (1844),  National  tholomew's  Night,  Duel  on  Banks  of  the 
Gallery;  St.  Gregory  teaching  his  Chant  Seine  (185!));  Gunsmith,  Antechamber  in 
(1845);  St.  John  reproving  Herod  ( 1848);  Time  of  Louis  XIII.  (18i;:i),  both  bought  by 
Mary  Magdalen  (185!));  Virgin  Mary  (1 800 );  State;  Last  Resource  (1805);  Religious  In- 
To  Labour  is  to  Pray  (18(!2);  Valley  of  struction  in  Jewish  Family  (18(58);  Arrest 
Moses  (18G8);  Adoration  of  Magi  (1874);  (1871);  Convulsionnaires  in  the  Cemetery, 
David  while  a  Shepherd,  Our  Lord  after  After  the  Pillage  (187(5).— Bellier,  i.  700; 
Resurrection  (1878);  Youth  of  St.  John  the  Kunst  Chronik,  v.  18!(  ;  Wurzbacli,  viii.  :i(!2  ; 
Baptist  (1879);  Christmas  Eve  at  Bethlehem  Xeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  vi.  215. 
(1880);  Joseph  warned  that  Archelaus  Reigns,  HERCULAXEUM,  Hector  h-nxix,  John 
Flight  from  the  Sword  of  Herod  (1881);  Jus-  G.  Johnson,  Philadelphia;  canvas,  H.  15  ft. 
tice  not  always  Slow,  Happy  Valley,  Appoint-  x4  ft.  Destruction  of  Herculaneum,  A.D. 
ed  Hour,  Esther  with  Handmaidens  (1882);  79,  by  the  eruption  of  Vesuvius,  which  is 
Madonna,  Captive  Musician  (1883);  Treas-  seen  in  background  ;  in  foreground,  a  group 
ures  of  the  Home,  Ruth  with  the  Reapers  of  fugitives,  mostly  women,  gazing  on  the 
at  Meal-time,  Evening  near  Windsor,  Bend  spectacle. — Salon,  1881. 
on  the  Thames  (1884).  His  sou  and  pupil  HERCULES,  ancient  pictures.  See 

330 


"HERCULES 


Apcllfs,  Aiicmoit,  Xi'arcliii.--;  J'anmmx,  1'ur- 
rhasiux,  Zeuxi*. 

HERCULES  AND  ACHELOUS,  Dmwni- 
chinn,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  x  5  ft.  Her- 
ciili-s  overcomes  the  river-god  Achelous 
transformed  into  a  bull,  while  his  father-in- 
law,  CEneus,  king  of  Calydon,  with  one  of 
his  followers,  arc  spectators  of  the  combat ; 
meanwhile,  two  shepherds  watch  their  flocks 
on  the  banks  of  the  river.  Belonged  to  Car- 
dinal Ludovisi,  nephew  of  Gregory  XIV. ; 
bought  from  him  by  Louis  XIV.  Engraved 
byDuthenofer. — Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Musi'e 
francais,  iii.  Part  1  ;  Filhol,  ii.  PI.  91 ;  Lan- 
don,  Vies,  PL  114. 

By  dttidii  Reni,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  8  ft. 
7  in.  x  C>  ft.  0  in.  Hercules,  covered  with 
the  lion's  skin,  struggles  with  Achelous  and 
forces  him  to  bend  his  body  to  the  ground. 
Painted  for  Duke  of  Mantua  ;  bought  by 
Charles  I.  of  England ;  on  his  death  sold  to 
Jabach,  who  transferred  it  to  Louis  XIV. 
Engraved  by  G.  Kousselet. — Landon,  Musi'e, 
ii.  PI.  15  ;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Felsina  Pit- 
trice,  ii.  23. 

HERCULES,  APOTHEOSIS  OF,  Fran- 
cois ]jcm<»jne,  Toulouse  Museum.  Same 
subject  by  Charles  Coypel,  engraved  by  Su- 
rugue.  Arrival  of  Hercules  at  Olympus, 
fresco  by  P.  Cornelius,  Glyptothck,  Munich. 

HERCULES  AND  CACUS,  Domcnwlrino, 
Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  -1  ft.  x  5  ft.  Hercules, 
leaning  on  his  club,  drags  the  body  of  Ca- 
cus  out  of  his  den  ;  near  him,  a  man  points 
to  Evander  and.  Faunus,  hastening  to  his 
aid  ;  in  the  background,  the  cattle  of  Her- 
cules graze  on  the  banks  of  a  stream  ;  to 
the  right,  on  a  wooded  hill,  are  ruined  mon- 
uments. Engraved  by  Pillement. — Villot, 
Cat.  Louvre  ;  Musi'e  franyais  ;  iii.  Part  1  ; 
Filhol,  ii.  PI.  118  ;  Landon,  Vies,  PI.  113. 

HERCULES,  DEATH  OF,  C,uid»  Eeni, 
Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  8  ft.  7  in.  x  6  ft.  G  in. 
Hercules,  unable  to  bear  the  anguish  caused 
by  the  poisoned  tunic  of  Nessus,  stretches 
himself  upon  the  funeral  pyre  which  he  has 
himself  prepared,  and  expires  with  eyes  and 
hands  raised  toward  heaven.  Same  history 


as  Hercules  and  Achelous  of  Guido.  En- 
graved by  G.  llousselet. — Landon,  Musee,  i. 
PI.  41  ;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre. 

HERCULES  WBESTLING  WITH 
DEATH,  Sir  Frederick  Leighlon,  Bernhard 
Samuelson,  M.P.,  London  ;  canvas,  H.  5  ft. 
G  in.  x8  ft.  Subject  from  the  "  Alcestis"  of 
Euripides.  Admetus,  the  friend  of  Apollo, 
married  Alcestis  ;  when  his  time  came  for 


Death  of  Hercules,  Guido  Reni,  Louvre. 


death,  the  Fates  consented  to  prolong  his 
life  if  another  person  would  die  in  his  stead; 
Alcestis  offered  herself,  but  when  Death  came 
to  take  his  due,  Hercules  struggled  with 
and  overcame  him.  Alcestis,  pale  and  statue- 
like,  lies  on  a  bier  beneath  a  canopy  hung 
from  trees  near  the  sea-shore,  which,  with 
a  vast  plain  under  a  lowering  sky,  is  seen 
behind.  In  the  foreground,  at  right,  Her- 
cules struggles  with  the  King  of  Terrors ; 
at  left,  a  group  of  attendants  ;  in  front,  the 
grave.  Behind  the  bier  Admetus,  old  and 
hoary,  sustains  a  damsel  who  is  overcome 
with  terror.  Royal  Academy,  1871. — Athen. 
(1870),  i.  203;  Art  Journal" (1871),  153. 


IIKRCITLES 


HERCULES  AND  THE  HYDRA,  Gm<h 
Reui,  Louvre  ;  cnnvns,  H.  8  ft.  7  in  x  I!  ft.  <> 
in.  Hercules,  armed  with  the  club,  strikes 
the  Lcrncun  Hydra,  which  raises  its  head 
near  a  rock.  Same  history  as  /Ii-railr*  and 
Achelous  of  Guido.  Engraved  by  G.  Rous- 
selet. — Laiuloii,  Musee,  ii.  PI.  30  ;  Laroussc, 
ix.  214. 

HERCULES,  INFANT,  attributed  to  An- 
nibale,  but  probably  by  Agostino  Carrmi-i, 
Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  (!^  in.  x  51  in.  The 
young  Hercules  strangles  a  serpent  with  his 
left  hand  while  holding  down  a  second  one. 


Ir.fant   Hercules,  Agostino   Carracci  (?),  Lou 


which  has  twined  about  his  right  arm,  with 
his  knee  upon  his  cradle.  Formerly  in  Or- 
leans Gallery,  but  not  sold  in  England  with 
the  other  pictures ;  bought  in  Rome  for 
Musee  Napoleon.  Engraved  by  Ern.  Marace ; 
Count  Bizemont-Pruuele. — Villot,  Cat.  Lou- 
vre ;  Musee  fram;ais,  i. ;  Filhol,  i.  PI.  03  ; 
Laudon,  Musee,  vi.  PL  14. 

HERCULES  AND  OMPHALE,  Luca 
Giordano,  Dresden  Gallery  ;  canvas,  H.  7 
ft.  G  in.  x  9  ft.  2  in. ;  signed,  dated  KiOO. 
Hercules,  submissive  to  the  charms  of  Om- 
phale,  has  dropped  his  club  and  taken  up 
the  distaff;  the  two,  who  sit  side  by  side, 


are  surrounded  by  her  companions.  Painted 
for  Don  Andrea  d'Avalos,  Prince  of  Monte- 
sarchio.  In  catalogue  of  1722.  Engraved 
by  ('.  Hallos.—  Gal.  Roy.  do  Dresde,  i.  PI.  40. 

By  Alcssandro  Tiin-hi,  Munich  Gallery  ; 
canvas,  H.  5  ft.  1  in.  x  7  ft.  3  in.  The  god, 
nude,  seated  in  an  antique  chair,  spinning  ; 
before  him,  Oinphalo,  nearly  nude,  her  back 
covered  with  the  lion's  skin,  leans  one  arm 
on  the  hero's  club,  and  glances  nt  her  com- 
panions, three  other  voting  women,  who 
mock  Hercules,  while  Cupid  looks  on  with 
a  pitying  expression.  Formerly  attributed 
to  Doinenichino. 

HERCULES  STRANGLING  THE  SER- 
PEN'TS,  Sir  Joshua  Ili-i/nolil.t,  Hermitage, 
St.  Petersburg  ;  canvas.  In  the  centre  Her- 
cules grasps  the  serpents  by  the  throat, 
while  Iphiclcs  cowers  in  terror  beside  him  ; 
on  one  side  rushes  in  Alcmena,  with  attend- 
ants, half  clad,  as  if  aroused  from  sleep;  on 
the  other,  Amphitryon,  sword  in  hand,  fol- 
lowed by  servants  with  torches  ;  Tircsias  the 
blind  seer  (head  of  Samuel  Johnson)  stands 
by  with  uplifted  hands  ;  above,  Juno  looks 
down  from  black  clouds  at  the  battling  of 
her  vengeance.  Painted  in  17SS  for  Cath- 
erine II.  of  Russia,  who  paid  for  it  1,500 
guineas,  and  sent  Sir  Joshua  in  addition  a 
gold  snuff-box,  on  which  was  her  portrait 
with  cypher  in  diamonds.  Engraved  by  J. 
Hodges,  J.  Walker  ;  original  sketch  in  pos- 
session of  Lord  Arran.  Lord  Fitzwillinni 
owns  a  repetition  of  the  figure  of  the  Her- 
cules.—Leslie  Taylor,  ii.  4*2.  500,  51U,  538; 
Pulling,  83  ;  Northeote,  ii.  214  ;  Bcechcy. 
i.  244  ;  Art  Journal  (IS(iO),  358  ;  Notes  and 
Queries,  4th  S.,  ix.  333  ;  Atkinson,  Art  Tour, 
248. 

HERCULES,  TEMPLE  OF,  Francia  lii- 
ijio,  UfHx.i,  Florence  ;  wood.  The  statue  of 
Hercules,  on  a  pedestal,  under  the  portico 
of  a  temple,  with  soldiers,  philosophers,  and 
others  grouped  around  it.  Of  his  late  pe- 
riod. Probably  part  of  a  cassone  or  chest. 
— C.  &  C.,  Italy,  iii.  512  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecolc 
florentinc  ;  Molini,  Gal.  di  Fircuzc,  ii.  Gl  ; 
Lasinio,  i.  PL  (J3. 


241 


HERCULES 


HERCULES  BETWEEN  VICE  AND 
VIRTUE,  Annibale  L'armwi,  Naples  Muse- 
11111.  Scene  from  allegory  by  Prodicus,  pre- 
served by  Xenoplion  in  the  Memorabilia. 
Hercules,  seated  between  two  women,  ap- 
pears irresolute  ;  Virtue,  chastely  clad,  pre- 
sents a  sword  and  points  heavenward  ;  Vice, 
reclining  upon  a  couch  strewn  with  flowers, 
displays  her  charms  and  invites  him  to 
pleasure.  Engraved  by  N.  Mignard. — La- ! 
roiisse,  i\.  '214. 

By  Jliiln:n,t,  Uftizi,  Florence.  Hercules, 
seated  in  a  landscape,  with  Venus  on  his 
right,  and  Cupid  embracing  his  knees  ;  on 
his  left,  Minerva,  who  takes  him  by  the  hand 
and  points  to  arms  ;  above,  Time,  bearing 
emblems  of  life  ;  the  god,  while  turning  his 
eyes  toward  the  goddess  of  pleasure,  appears 
ready  to  follow  Minerva. — Larousse,  ix.  214. 

HERCULES  LED  BY  WISDOM,  Paolo 
I'arniiivi;  Hope  Collection,  London  ;  canvas. 
Hercules,  emblematical  of  strength,  is  led 
by  Wisdom,  and  gazes  tranquilly  on  worldly 
Love,  who  is  at  his  feet.  From  Orleans 
Gallery  ;  sold  in  1793  for  1300.—  Cab.  Cro- 
zat,  ii.  PI.  24 ;  Waagen,  Treasures,  ii.  113, 
498. 

HEUDTLE,  HERMANN,  born  in  Stutt- 
gart, Sept.  20,  1810.  Landscape  and  archi- 
tecture painter,  pupil  of  Stcinkopf;  studied 
from  nature  in  Germany,  France,  Belgium, 
Italy,  and  Switzerland,  and  with  Pieter 
Francis  Peters  founded  a  permanent  art- 
exhibition  in  Stuttgart.  Works  :  Palace 
Interior  in  Florence,  Court-Yard  in  Verona, 
Lake  Lugano,  all  in  Villa  llosenstein,  near 
Stuttgart ;  View  of  Lake  Constance  ;  View 
of  Bregeuz,  Castle  Friedrichshafcn  ;  Was- 
sen  on  St.  Gothard  ;  Misocco  Valley  ;  Bel- 
linzona  ;  Canal  Grande  with  Rialto  Bridge  ; 
View  in  Villa  Borghese. — Miiller,  252. 

HEREAU,  JULES,  born  in  Paris,  Aug. 
21),  1830  (1831  ?),  died  June  20,  1879.  Land- 
scape painter,  especially  skilful  in  painting 
animals,  but  his  landscapes  and  city  views 
are  of  great  merit.  Medals:  18G5,  1868. 
Works  :  Shepherd  and  the  Sea  (18G4),  Mont- 
pellier  Museum  ;  Impending  Storm  (1865), 


Amiens  Museum  ;  Shepherd's  Song  (1866), 
Rouen  Museum ;  Gathering  Seaweed  in 
Brittany,  Snow-Storm  in  Paris  (1868);  The 
Thames  near  London  Bridge,  The  Thames 
at  Gravesend  (1873)  ;  The  Meuse  at  Rotter- 
dam (1874) ;  Mouth  of  the  Seine,  the  Meuse 
(1879);  Returning  (1880).— L'Art  (1879), 
xviii.  24 ;  Bellier,  i.  761. 

HERILLUS,  painter.  See  Erillus. 
HERING,  GEORGE  EDWARDS,  bom 
in  London  in  180(5,  died  there,  Dec.  18, 
1879.  Landscape  painter,  studied  in  Mu- 
nich (1829)  and  in  Italy,  settled  in  London 
(1841),  and  exhibited  often  at  Royal  Acad- 
emy. WTorks  :  Morning  on  Lake  Lugano 
(18(50)  ;  Amalfi  (1805)  ;  Head  of  the  Glen 
(1808);  Old  Red  Sandstone  Cliffs  (1869); 
Sunset  after  a  Storm  (1872)  ;  Outskirts  of  a 
Wood  (1873) ;  Kildonan  (1875)  ;  Woodland 
Waters  (1876) ;  Tormorc  (1877)  ;  Loch  Etive 
(1878)  ;  By  the  Lonely  Tarn  (1879)  ;  Loch 
Etive  near  Taynuilt  (1880).— Amer.  Art  Re- 
view (1880),  180  ;  Art  Journal  (1801),  73  ; 
(1880),  83. 

HERKOMER,  HUBERT,  born  at  Waal, 
Bavaria,  May  26, 
1849.  Genre,  land- 
scape, and  portrait 
painter  ;  came  to 
America  in  1851  with 
his  father,  a  wood- 
carver,  but  returned 
in  1857  to  Europe, 
and  settled  at  South- 

r\\7  \J  \  ampton,  where  he 
entered  the  school 
of  art ;  in  1805  visited  Munich,  and  in  1866 
entered  the  South  Kensington  Schools  under 
Frederick  Walker.  Member  of  Institute  of 
Water  Colours  in  1871,  A.R.A.  in  1879. 
Settled  in  1873  at  Bushey,  Hertfordshire, 
where,  in  1881,  he  established  an  art- 
school.  Revisited  America  in  1882,  painted 
many  portraits  in  New  York  and  Boston, 
and  lectured  in  both  cities.  Visited  America 
again  in  1883  and  1885,  when  he  opened  a 
studio  in  Boston.  Elected  Slade  professor 
of  art  at  Oxford,  as  successor  of  John  Ruskin, 


242 


IIKULEX 


and  member  of  Berlin  Academy,  1885.  Modal 
of  Honour,  Paris,  1878.  Paints  in  both  oil 
and  water-colours,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
living  etchers.  Many  of  his  drawings  have 
appeared  in  the  Graphic.  Works  in  oil  : 
After  the  Toil  of  the  Day  (1873)  ;  La*t  Mus- 
ter—Chelsea Hospital  (1875)  ;  At  Death's 
Door  (1871!)  ;  Der  Bittgang,  Who  Comes 
Here?  Souvenir  of  Rembrandt  (1877);  Even- 
tide (1878) ;  Life,  Light,  and  Melody  ( 18711); 
Wind-Swept,  God's  Shrino  (1880)  ;  Missing 

(1881)  ;  Gloom  of  Idwal,  Homeward  |  lSS2); 
Natural   Enemies   (18815)  ;  Pressing  to   tin- 
West — Scene  in  Castle  Garden,  X.  Y.  ( 1884); 
Found,     Grave-Digger's     Firewood,     First 
Warmth  of  Spring,  Bavarian  Forester,  Old 
Peasant  Woman  (1885).     Water-colours:  Im 
Walde  (1874)  ;  Wood-Cutter's  Rest ;  Poach- 
er's Fate  ;  At  the  Well.     Portraits  :  Richard 
Wagner   (1878);   Alfred   Tennyson   (187'.)); 
Lord    Stratford    do    RadclylVe,    Odell    the 
Actor  (1880) ;  John  Kuskin  (1881)  ;  Richard 
(Jakes,  Loren/  Herkomer,  Archibald  Forbes 

(1882)  ;  Viscount  Eversley  ;  Dr.  A.  B.  Gar- 
rod  ;  Hans  Richter  (188:!)  ;  Canon  Ellison, 
Canon  Bradley,  Canon  Furse, 

Lord  Brabourne  (1884);  Owen 

Grant,     C.     Villiers    Stanford, 

William     Sandbach    (1885).— 

Art  Journal  (1878),  141 ;  (ISS(l),  10!) ;  ( 1SS2), 

238;  Portfolio  (1882),  81. 

HERLEN  (Herlin,  Herlein,  Hr.rlin), 
FRIEDRICH,  born  at  Rothenburg  or  Nord 
lingen,  Bavaria,  died  at  N'">rdlingen,  Oct. 
12,  1491.  German  school  ;  probably  son 
of  the  painter  Han.s  Herlen,  of  Nordling- 
en,  about  1442-7<i.  Ho  lived  in  L'lm  in 
1449-54,  then  went  to  Flanders,  where 
Roger  van  der  Weyden,  whom  he  closely 
imitated,  was  probably  his  master,  and  after 
his  return  was  employed  in  Nordlingen, 
perhaps  as  early  as  1459,  but  certainly  in 
1402-63,  then  in  Rothenburg  and  Dinkels- 
biihl  in  14G6-G7,  then  settled  in  Nordlingen. 
A  noteworthy  master,  though  limited  in  his 
range  and  in  no  sense  original.  Works  : 
Madonna,  Circumcision  (1459),  National 
Museum,  Munich  ;  Adoration  of  the  Magi, 


St.  Ottilia  (1459),  sixteen  Panels  with  Life 
of  the  Virgin  (8),  Legend  of  St.  George  (3), 
Story  of  Magdalen  ("2),  Ladies  of  Donor's 
Family  and  Saints  (2)  (14C2),  Madonna  en- 
throned andSaints(1488),  Town  Hall,  NV.rd- 
liugen  ;  Panels  on  Shrine  with  Passion  of 
Christ  (4)  and  Last  Judgment  (4)  (14l!2),  St. 
George's,  il>.  ;  Altai-piece  with  Life  of  the 
Virgin  (14(>li),  St.  James's,  Rothenburg; 
Nativity,  Adoration  of  the  Magi  (1472),  St. 
Blasius'.  Bopfingeu  ;  Marriage  of  St.  Cath- 
erine, Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg. — 
All.^em.  d.  Biogr.,  xii.  115  ;  Fi'irster,  (iescli., 
ii.  IS,  187  ;  do..  Denkmale,  XII.  ii.  2  ;  iii. 
3  ;  Griineisen  \  Mauch.  37;  Ku tiler  (( 'rowe), 
i.  13S  ;  1).  Kunstblatt  (  1S51 1,  1*7  ;  Schnaase, 
viii.  407  ;  Waagen,  K.  11.  K.  in  ]).,  i.  321, 
:'.I7;  \V.  \  W.,  ii.  112  ;  /eitschr.  f.  I..  K., 
iii.  37. 

HKRLIX,  AUGUST  K,  born  at  Lill, •.  Aug. 
IS,  1.S35.  Genre  ]>ainter,  pupil  of  Soui-hon; 
paints  subjects  from  everv-dav  life  with 
spirit  and  humour.  Works  :  The  Wafer, 
Keating  Colza,  The  Alloir  (lsi',1)  ;  Washer- 
woman, The  Pleasure-Trip  (lsi;:i)  ;  \'isiting 
One's  Colleague,  Burial  of  a  Pauper  (  1  SI  ill)  ; 
The  Lotion  (1M17);  Amusing  their  Little 
Brother,  A  Pond  (isf.S);  Time  for  tli<-  In- 
terview, Returning  from  the  Fields  (Isil'.i)  ; 
The  Interview,  The  Parade  (1S~0):  Goiiiu' 
to  Harvest,  Lake  Kvian,  Souvenir  of  Dinar!  I 
(1874);  A  Vision,  Woman  of  Lille,  Hour 
for  Walking  (1875)  ;  Stella  Maris,  Atl'iir  of 
Honour  (1S7<!).— Mailer.  253. 

HERMANN,  KARL  HKIXHICH,  born  in 
Dresden,  Jan.  (i,  1S02,  died  in  Berlin.  April 
30,  1880.  History  painter,  pupil  of  (he 
Dresden  Academy  under  Hartmann,  then 
from  1822  in  Diisseldorf  under  Cornelius, 
who  entrusted  him  with  important  fresco 
works  in  Munich  and  (IStO)  Herlin,  where 
in  1841  he  became  professor  at  the  Acad- 
emy. Works  :  Theology,  Bonn  University  ; 
Scenes  from  Parcival  (1834),  Konigsbail, 
Munich  ;  Victory  of  Louis  the  Bavarian  at 
Ampling,  Arcades,  Royal  Garden,  il>. ;  As- 
cension (1835),  Protestant  Church,  Munich  ; 
Patriarchs,  Prophets,  Evangelists,  Apostles 


*tt 


HERMANN-LEON 


Peter  and  Paul  (1840-44),  14  frescos,  Klos- 
terkircbe,  Berlin ;  Easter  Morn,  St.  Mat- 
thew's, ib. ;  Sermon  on  the  Mount,  Fifteen 
Pictures  from  German  History  (1844-54). — 
Allgem.  il.  Biogr.,  xii.  185  ;  Allgem.  Zeitg., 
May  20,  1880,  Beilage,  141  ;  Brockhaus,  ix. 
145;  Cotta's  Kunstbl.  (1831),  108;  (1835), 
42  ;  D.  Kunstbl.  (1853),  40  ;  (1854),  31  ; 
Kunst-Chronik,  xv.  5(iO  ;  Forster,  v.  72  ; 
Rac/ynski,  i.  55,  G5,  270  ;  ii.  230. 

HERMANN-LEON,  CHARLES,  born  at 
Havre,  July  22,  1838.     Animal  and   genre 


ing-Trough,  Shepherd  Dog  (1883)  ;  In  the 
Heath,  Tip,  A  Pug-Dog  (1884) ;  Welfare 
(1885).— Bellier,  i.  7G2. 

HERMANN  AND  THUSNELDA,  An- 
gelica Kmiffmann,  Vienna  Museum  ;  canvas, 
H.  5  ft.  4  in.  xl  ft.  3  in.  Scene  from  one 
of  Klopstock's  dramas  on  Hermann  (Armin- 
ius).  Hermann,  having  triumphed  over  the 
legions  of  Varus,  returns,  bearing  the  spoils 
of  victory,  to  sacrifice  on  the  altars  of  his 
fathers  ;  Thusnekla  presents  him  the  wreath 
of  sacred  leaves,  while  her  companions  strew 


mi  ^^mm^.fi 


Hermann  and  Thusnelda,  Angelica  Kauffmann,  Vienna  Museum. 


painter,  pupil  of  Philippe  Rousseau  and  of 
Fromentin.  Medals :  3d  class,  1873  ;  2d 
class,  1879.  Works  :  Ill-gotten  Gains  do  no 
Good  to  the  Getter,  Contempt  (1808);  Valet 
coupling  Dogs,  Intermission  (1870);  Hunt- 
ing Relay  (1872) ;  Peasants  fleeing  from  In- 
vasion, Who-lioop  to  the  Boar  (1873) ;  Legend 
of  St.  Hubert,  Fino  a  Fox-Terrier  (1874); 
Galendor  and  Castillo  (1875) ;  Mass  of  St. 
Hubert,  Shepherd  and  the  Sea  (1870) ; 
Huntsman  (1877);  Death  of  Action  (1878); 
Who-hoop  (1879),  bought  by  State ;  Relay  of 
Dogs  (1880);  Maternity,  Wolf -Hunt  (1881); 
Eve  of  Lent  (1882);  Coming  from  the  Water- 


flowers  and  a  priest  gives  thanks  to  Woden. 
Engraved  by  J.  B.  Durer ;  G.  Kotterba. — 

Pxrvcil,   X.    712. 

HERMANS,  CHARLES,  born  in  Brus- 
sels, Aug.  17,  1839.  Genre  painter,  pupil 
of  Brussels  Academy,  and  in  Paris  of  Ecole 
des  Beaux  Arts  and  of  Gleyre ;  lived  in 
18G2-GG  in  Italy,  mostly  at  Rome.  First 
attracted  attention  in  Brussels  in  1875  by 
his  Morning  Dawn  in  a  Large  City,  for 
which  he  received  the  Order  of  Leopold. 
Works  :  On  the  Strand  ;  On  the  Terrace  ; 
At  Dawn  of  Day  ;  Monks  playing  Nine-Pins  ; 
!  Job  and  his  Friends  (1872);  Child's  Hospi- 


244 


IIEUMEUX 


tal  (1873);  Masked  Ball  (1880),  Pennsylva- .  23,  1(577.  Flemish  school;  history  and 
nia  Academy,  Philadelphia. — Mailer,  253.  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Damiaan  Wortel- 
HERMELIN,  OLOF,  born  at  Gripenberg,  mans,  and  formed  himself  further  under  the 
Smaland,  Feb.  8,  1820.  Landscape  painter,  influence  of  Rubens  ;  master  of  the  guild  in 
pupil  of  Stockholm  Academy  under  Billings  ;  1IJ37.  Works  :  A  Festival,  Bridgewater  ( ial- 
visited  in  1870  Copenhagen,  Dilsseldorf,  lery,  London  ;  Men  and  Women  regaling 
Paris,  Belgium,  and  Holland,  and  in  1S7:!  Themselves,  Repast,  Marquis  of  Bute,  ib. ; 
went  to  London.  Member  of  the  Stockholm  Pharaoh's  Dream,  Christ  bearing  the  Cross, 
Academy  since  1870.  Works:  Evening  in  Hampton  Court  Palace  ;  Figures  with  Sheep 

at   a  Well,  Dulwich  (iallcrv;   Peasant  Fam- 


ily, Arenberg  (iallery,  Brussels;  Calling  of 

(ilnsi-'iiies. 


Autumn  ;    King's  Hut  in  Orebro  ;    Shower 

in    Bohuslan ;     Cloudy    Evening ;     Spring 

Landscape;  End  of  Winter;  Autumn  Land-   St.  Matthew,  Comic  Dulnis  de 

scape  ;    Fish-Market   in 

Honfleur ;     On     Hunting- 

CJround. — Miiller,  2.">3. 

HERM1NIA    AT    THE 
SHEPHERD'S    HOUSE, 

vas,  H.  4  ft.  x  5  ft.  10  in. 
Herminia,  in  Clorinda's 
armour,  addresses  the  old 
shepherd,  whose  children 
play  the  tlute  and  the  pipe, 
and  whose  sheep  are  seen 
in  the  fold  (Tasso,  Jerusa- 
lem Delivered,  Canto  vii.). 
Collection  of  Louis  XIV. 
Formerly  attributed  to  An- 
nibale  Carracci. — Villot, 
Cat.  Louvre;  Reveil,  v.  308. 

HERMOGENES,  painter  and  pliilos-  ib.;  Conversion  of  St.  Augustine,  Baptism 
opher,  of  Carthage  ('?),  second  half  of  2d  of  do.,  St.  Augustine's,  Antwerp  ;  Abraham 
century,  A.  i).  After  his  conversion  to  Chris-  and  the  Angels,  Darmstadt  Museum;  do., 
tianity  he  incurred  the  anger  of  Tertullian,  Cassel  (iallerv  ;  Peasant  at  Domestic  Work, 
whose  work  "  Adversus  Hermogencm  "alone  Bam  berg  (iallery  ;  Satyr  at  Repast  of  Peas- 
lias  preserved  the  painter's  name  from  ant  Family,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Soldiers  in 
oblivion.  Peasant's  Cottage  ( 1(!(>1),  Harrach  (iallery. 

HERNANDEZ,  Don  GERMAN,  born  in  Vienna;  Christ  with  Martha  and  Mary, 
Spain  ;  contemporary.  History  painter,  pu-  Sehwerin  Gallerv  ;  Christ's  Kntry  into  Jeru- 
pil  of  San  Fernando  Academy.  Works  :  Soc-  salem,  Stockholm  Museum;  Christ  before 
rates  andAlcibiad.es  in  the  House  of  Lais ;  —  *.  Caiaphas,  do. 

Journey  of  the  Virgin  and  St.  John  to  Eplie-  (_f  •  \f-  A-rf  JPO  bearing  the 
sus  ;  Entombment ;  Romeo  and  Juliet  ;  The  *  Cross,  do. 

Virgin  in  the  Desert ;  Return  from  Ponte  crowned  with  Thorns,  Historical  Society, 
Molle — Rome,  Luisa  Miller  (1883). — La  II-  New  York. — Kramm,  iii.  (!80  ;  Michiels,  viii. 
ustracion  (1883),  i.  242,  2!)1.  248  ;  Van  den  Branden,  JtUJ. 

HERP,  GUILLIAM  (Willeiu)  VAN,  born  HERP,  HKNDRIK  VAN,  born  at  Ant- 
at  Antwerp  in  1U14,  died  there,  buried  June  werp,  baptized  May  20,  Ifilit,  died  there  in 


nia  3t  the  Shepherd's  House,  Domenichino,  Louvre. 


245 


IIEEPFER 

1GC7.  Flemish  school ;  history  painter,  son  |  Male  Portrait  (1639),  Germanic  Museum, 
of  and  first  instructed  by  Nicolaas  van  Herp  [  Nuremberg. 

(pupil  of  Hendrik  van  Balen  in  1602,  and ;  HEREEGOUTS,  HENDRIK,  born  at 
master  of  the  guild  in  1606)  ;  then  (1627)  Mechlin,  April  1,  1633,  died  at  Antwerp 
pupil  of  Adam  van  Noort ;  master  of  the  before  March  3,  1704.  Flemish  school ; 
guild  in  1637.  Works :  St.  Roch  adoring  history  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  David 
the  Virgin,  The  Plague-Stricken  invoking  Herregouts  (born  at  Mechlin  in  1600),  spent 
St.  Roch,  Godshuizen,  Antwerp. — Van  den  several  years  at  Rome  studying  after  the  best 
Branden,  922.  masters,  was  at  Cologne  about  1661,  came 

HERPFER,  KARL,  born  at  Diukelsbiihl,  to  Antwerp,  and  entered  the  guild  there  in 
Bavaria,  Nov.  30,  183(5.  Genre  painter,  pu-  1664,  but  soon  removed  to  Mechlin,  where 
pil  of  Munich  Academy  under  Ramberg  ; !  he  became  master  of  the  guild  in  1666  ;  went 
paiuts  mostly  rococo  scenes,  better  in  draw-  !  afterwards  again  to  Germany  and  Italy, 
ing  and  colour  than  in  composition.  Works  :  whence  he  returned  to  Antwerp  in  1679. 
The  Coquette  ;  Good  News  ;  Disagreeable  Painted  altarpieces  for  churches  in  all  the 
News ;  The  Nurse  ;  Gentle  Waking  ;  Inter-  principal  cities  of  Belgium.  Works :  Mar- 
rupted  Festival ;  Scene  from  Medic-re's  "  Nar-  tyrdorn  of  St.  Matthew,  Antwerp  Cathedral  ; 
cisse  "  ;  Disturbed  Betrothal  (1872),  Kunst- ',  Last  Judgment,  St.  Ann's,  Bruges  ;  Mar- 
halle,  Hamburg.— Miiller,  253.  tyrdom  of  St.  Basil,  St.  Basil's,  ib.;  St.  Au- 


HERPIX,  LEON,  born  at  Granville,  Nor- 
mandy, Oct.  12,  1841,  died  Oct.  27,  1880. 


gustine  in  Ecstasy,  St.  John's  Hospital,  ib.; 
St.  Dominic    in  Prayer,  Notre  Dame,   ib. ; 


Landscape  and  porcelain  painter,  pupil  of  Assumption,  St.  Magdalen's,  ib.;  Apotheosis 
Daubigny,  J.  Andre'-,  and  Busson.  Medals  :  of  Christ,  St.  Peter  and  Paul's,  Mechlin  ; 
3d  class,  1875  ;  2d  class,  1876.  Works  :  Trinity,  Cologne  Museum. — Descamps,  iii. 
Seine  at  Sevres  (1868);  Environs  of  Dinan  ,  105  ;  Kramin,  iii.  681  ;  Merlo,  175  ;  Van  den 
(1869);  Views  of  Bas-Meudon  (1870);  Island  :  Branden,  947. 


of  Chansey  (1872);  The  Oise,  River  in  the 
Woods  (1874);  The  Marne  at  Chennevieres, 
The  Knoll  of  Moulineaux  (1875);  Bridge  of 
Si'vres,  The  Little  Bridge  of  San  Jacut 


HERREGOUTS,  JAN  BAPTIST,  born  in 
Gelders  about  1640,  died  at  Bruges  in  1721. 
Flemish  school ;  history  and  portrait  painter, 
brother  of  preceding,  like  whom  he  visited 


(1876) ;  Environs  of  Cherbourg,  Salt  Marshes  Italy,  then  entered  the  guild  at  Antwerp  in 
of  the  Pouliquen  (1877);  Paris  at  Evening   1673  ;  removed  to  Bruges  in  1682,  and  there 


from   the   Bridge    of   Saints  Prres  (1878), 
Paris  from  the  Pont  Nouf  (1878),  Luxem- 


became  master  of  the  guild  in  1684.  Works  : 
Circumcision,  Assumption,  St.  Ann's,  Bruges; 


bourg  Museum  ;  do.  in  1878  (1879),  bought '  Presentation  in  the  Temple,  The  Virgin  and 
by  the  city  ;  Castle  of  Gaillard  (1880)  ;  Old  !  Saints  kneeling  before  Christ,  Church  of  the 
Mill  at  Bonneuil,  Gate  of  La  Villette  1  Carmelites,  ib.;  two  portraits  (1699,  1709), 
(1881).— Amer.  Art  Rev.  (1881),  88  ;  L'Art  j  St.  John's  Hospital,  ib.;  portrait  of  himself, 
(1880),  xxiii.  168  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xix.  do.  of  his  Father,  Academy,  ib. ;  The  Cardi- 
nal Virtues  (3),  Town  Hall,  Ostend.— Van 
den  Brandeu,  948. 
HERRENBURG,  JOHANN  ANDREAS, 


461. 


HERR,  MICHAEL,  born  at  Metzingen, 
Wiirtemberg,  in  1591,  died  at  Nuremberg 


in  1661.  German  school ;  history  and  por-  born  in  Berlin,  Feb.  6,  1824.  Architecture 
trait  painter  ;  seems  to  have  gone  to  Nurem-  and  landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Biermann  ; 
berg  early  in  life,  and  returned  in  1620  after  travelled  in  Germany,  France,  and  Italy,  and 
a  visit  to  Italy.  Works  :  The  Seven  Liberal  in  1845  went  to  Athens,  whence  by  order  of 
Arts  with  Mars  and  Justice  (1622);  Nurem-  King  Otto  he  travelled  through  the  Morea 
berg  during  the  Siege  in  Thirty  Years' War,  in  search  of  ancient  monuments.  In  1846 

846 


HKIillEIIA 


he  accompanied  the  Turkish  expedition  to 
Asia  Minor,  Palestine,  and  Persia,  was  made 
a  Bey  by  the  Sultan  ;  visited  Egypt,  Nubia, 
and  Abyssinia  in  1847,  and  returned  to  Ber- 
lin in  1H48  via  Italy,  France,  Spain,  and  Eng- 
land. In  1855  he  moved  to  Dresden.  Works: 
Street  in  Cairo  ;  Plain  of  Thebes  ;  Street  in 
Bagdad  ;  View  of  Sidon  ;  View  on  White 
Nile  ;  View  on  lied  Sea  ;  Colossus  of  Mem- 
non  ;  Coast  of  Paphos  in  Cyprus  ;  View  on 
Lake  Coino  ;  Canal  in  Venice  ;  Acropolis  at 
Athens;  Temple  of  Isis  on  Isle  of  Phihe  : 
Theatre  of  Taonuina ;  Forum  at  Home  : 
Temple  of  Vesta;  Tivoli  from  Neptune's 
Grotto  ;  Posilippo. — Miiller,  2.")4. 

HEKKERA,  ALON/O  DE,  living  at  So-, 
govia  in  1579,  intimate  friend  of  El  Mudo. 
Spanish  school.  In  l.T.H)  he  painted,  for 
the  high  altar  of  the  Church  of  Villa-Castin, 
six  j)ictures  illustrating  the  life  of  Christ, 
which  were  ruined  in  17:!1  by  a  bungling 
restorer.-  -Cean  Bermude/, ;  Stirling,  i.  21)0. 

HEHUKHA,  FHAXCIS(X)  DE,  el  Viejo 
(the  elder),  born 
in  Seville  about 
I"i7li,  died  in 
Madrid  in  l(J5(i. 
Spanish  school; 
pupil  of  Luis 
Fernandez,  but 
disdaining  to 
imitate  him, 
adopted  a  free 
bold  style,  and 

became  one  of  the  most  original  and  famous 
artists  of  his  time  in  Spain.  He  painted 
many  religious  compositions,  and  attracted 
numerous  students,  among  whom  was  Ve- 
lasquez, but  his  temper  was  so  violent  that 
he  was  abandoned  by  even  his  children. 
Accused  of  coining  false  money,  he  took 
refuge  in  the  Jesuits'  College,  Seville,  where 
he  painted  a  noble  altarpiece,  St.  Hermen- 
gild  in  Glory,  now  in  the  Seville  Museum. 
Philip  IV.  on  seeing  this  picture  granted 
him  a  free  pardon.  In  1050  he  settled  in 
Madrid.  Other  works  :  Last  Judgment,  S. 
Bernardo,  Seville  ;  St.  Peter,  Cathedral,  ib.; 


\ 


St.  Basil,  Museum,  ib. ;  Israelites  gathering 
Manna,  Moses  smiting  the  Hock,  Marriage 
at  Cana,  Miracle  of  Loaves  and  Fishes,  Arch- 
bishop's Palace,  ib. ;  St.  Augustine  and 
Church  Fathers,  St.  Jerome  and  do.,  Mont 
pensier  Collection,  ib.;  St.  Basil  Dictating, 
Louvre  ;  St.  Matthew,  Dresden  Museum. 
He  also  executed  many  frescos,  of  which  but 
few  remain.  His  eldest  son,  called  El  Ilu- 
bis,  was  an  artist  of  merit,  but  died  young. 
--Ch.  lilanc,  Ecole  espagnole  ;  Stirling,  i. 
4") -4  ;  Viardot,  l!ll. 

HEUHEU.V,  FUANCISCO  DE.  el  Mo/,, 
(the  younger),  boni  in  Seville  in  KJ'J'J,  died 
in  Madriil  in  l(!s.">.  Spanisli  school  ;  sun 
and  pupil  of  Francisco  de  Herrera,  el  Viejo, 
from  whom  ho  ran  awav  and  went  to  Home, 
where  he  learned  to  paint  still-life,  espe- 
cially fish,  so  well  that  he  was  called  II 
Spagnuolo  degli  I'esci.  Uetiirning  to  Se- 
ville on  tho  deatli  of  his  father,  he  painted 
several  large  altarpieces  for  churches.  In 
!(!(!()  he  aided  in  founding  the  Academy  at 
Seville,  of  which  Murillo  was  chosen  presi- 
dent and  Herrera  second  or  vice-president  ; 
but,  displeased  at  this  inferior  position,  he 
went  in  KKIl  to  Madrid,  where  ho  became 
painter  to  Philip  IV.  and  superintendent  of 
the  roval  works  (1(171).  Named  royal 
painter  to  Charles  II.  Though  possessed 
of  considerable  mechanical  facility.  Herrera 
did  not  inherit  much  of  his  father's  genius  ; 
he  coloured  i 
with  some  T 
brilliancy,  \J 
but  his  draw- 
ing and  his  composition  are  alike  affected. 
Works  :  Triumph  of  St.  Hermengild,  Ma- 
drid Museum;  two  landscapes,  Montpcnsier 
Gallery,  Seville;  Saints  appearing  to  St. 
Dominick,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg. — Ch. 
Blanc,  Ecole  espagnole  ;  Madrazo,  411  ; 
Stirling,  ii.  !):!(!  ;  Viardot,  1!)1. 

HERREHA  BAHNUEVO,  SEBASTIANO 
DE.  born  in  Madrid  in  IfilO,  died  there  in 
1(!71.  Spanish  school  ;  history  painter,  pu- 
pil of  A.  Cano,  worked  especially  for  the 
Escorial.  Works :  St.  Barnabas,  St.  Jerome 


C*s 


847 


TIEUIIEYNS 


in  tho  Desert,  St.  John  in  Patmos,  St.  John 
Baptist  in  tlio  Desert,  Escorial  ;  Two  Wan- 
dering Musicians,  Louvre. 

HERREYNS,  WILLEM  JACOBUS,  born 
in  Antwerp,  baptized  June  10,  1743,  died 
t litre  Aug.  10,  1827.  Flemish  school  ;  his- 
tory and  portrait  painter,  son  and  pupil  of 
Jacob  Hcrreyns  the  younger,  a  decorative 
painter,  and  of  the  Academy,  where  he  won 
prizes  in  17(12  and  17(i4  ;  professor  in 
17G5.  After  travelling  in  17(17,  he  settled 
in  1771  at  Mechlin,  where  he  founded  an 
academy.  In  1780  he  was  visited  by  Gus- 
tavus  III.  of  Sweden,  who  made  him  his 
court-painter,  and  in  1781  by  Joseph  II.  of 
Austria.  On  the  change  of  the  Antwerp 
Academy  into  a  special  school  for  painting, 
sculpture,  and  architecture,  in  1800,  he 
was  again  appointed  professor  ;  exercised 
a  favourable  influence  upon  modern  art 
in  Belgium.  Works  :  Last  Sigh  of  Christ, 
four  portraits  (17!):},  180!)),  Museum,  Ant- 
werp ;  Christ  and  the  Disciples  at  Emmaus 
( 1808),  Cathedral,  ib. ;  Adoration  of  the  Magi, 
Museum,  Brussels  ;  Last  Supper,  St.  Nicho- 
las', ib.  ;  Scenes  in  Life  of  St.  Rumoldus(3), 
Cathedral,  Mechlin ;  Disciples  at  Emmaus, 
St.  Francis  of  Assisi,  St.  John  in  the  Desert, 
(lod  Father,  St.  John's,  ib.  ;  Christ  on  the 
Cross,  Seminary,  ib. ;  Portrait  of  Emperor 
Joseph  II.,  do.  of  a  Canon,  Museum,  ib. — 
Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  iluniande  ;  Immerzeel,  ii. 
35  ;  Michicls,  x.  4!KS  ;  Rooses  (Reber),  447  ; 
Van  den  Brandon,  1255. 

HERRING,  JOHN  FREDERICK,  born 
in  Surrey  in  1795, 
died  at  Tun- 
bridge,  Kent, 
Sept.  2:i,  1805. 
Painter  of  horses 
and  farm -yard 
scenes,  pupil  of 
A.  Cooper.  He 
was  animal-paint- 
er to  the  Duchess 
of  Kent.  Many 
of  his  coaching  and  racing  pictures  have 
been  engraved  and  lithographed.  Among 


his  best  works  arc  :  The  Baron's  Charger, 

O         ' 

Members  of  the  Temperance  Society,  lie- 
turning  from  Epsom,  Derby  Day,  Market 
Day,  and  Horse  Fair  ;  Frugal  Meal  (1847), 
National  Gallery  ;  Group  of  Ducks,  Deer- 
Stalker,  Glasgow  Gallery  ;  Horse  at  the 
Trough,  National  Gallery,  Dublin  ;  Mare 
and  Foal  (1853),  W.  T.  Walters,  Baltimore. 
His  son,  John  Frederick,  paints  similar 
subjects. — Cat.  Nat.  Gal.  ;  Art  Journal 
(18G5),  328,  381. 

HERRLEIX,  JOHANN  ANDREAS,  born 
in  Wiirzburg  in  1720,  died  at  Fulda  in  179<>. 
German  school ;  landscape  and  genre  painter, 
especially  of  hunts,  peasant  frolics,  and  bath- 
ing nymphs,  in  the  style  of  the  Dutch  mas- 
ters ;  was  court-painter  to  the  Prince-Bishop 
of  Fulda.  Works  :  Wood  Landscapes  with 
Huntsmen  and  Peasants  (2),  Basle  Museum  ; 
Charlatan  pulling  Tooth,  Darmstadt  Muse- 
um ;  Singing  Toper,  Zither-Player,  Fruit- 
pieces  (2),  Boy  with  Basket,  Cassel  Gallery  ; 
Hunters'  Camp  in  the  Woods — Night  scene, 
Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg  ;  others  in 
Stiidel  Institute,  Frankfort. 

HKRRLICH,  PHILIPP,  born  at  Solms- 
Laubach,  Hesse,  in  1818.  Genre  and  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  of  Stiidel  Institute, 
Frankfort,  under  Rustige  ;  painted  at  first 
portraits,  mostly  in  water-colours,  and  after- 
wards genre  scenes  of  life  and  customs  in 
Upper  Hesse.  Works :  Convalescent  Child  ; 
Hansel  and  Gretel  ;  Playing  Children  ;  The 
Stork  brought  It  ;  Before  Confirmation  ; 
Preparation  for  School  ;  Grandfather. 

HERSENT,  LOUIS,  born  in  Paris,  March 
10,  1777,  died  there,  Oct.  2,  I860.  Genre, 
history,  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Eegn- 
ault.  Took  his  first  subjects  from  Greek 
mythology,  like  David  and  Girodet,  but 
later  also  treated  historical  genre.  After 
1824  confined  himself  to  portrait  painting. 
Won  the  2d  grand  prize  in  1797  ;  L.  of 
Honour,  1819  ;  Member  of  Institute,  1823  ; 
professor,  1825.  Works :  Narcissus  changed 
into  a  Flower  (1802),  Cambrai  Museum ; 
Achilles  delivering  Brise'is  to  Agamemnon's 
Heralds  (1804) ;  Atala  poisoning  herself  in 


248 


IIEHSIUA 


the  Arms  of  Chactas  (1800)  ;  Fcnelon  taking 
back  a  Cow  to  some  Peasants  (18 10)  ;  Pas- 
sage of  the  Bridge  of  Laiulsliut  by  Count 
Lobau  (1810),  Versailles  Museum  ;  Las  Ca- 
sas  taken  care  of  by  Savages  when  Sick 
(1814)  ;  Death  of  Dr.  Bichat  (1817)  ;  Louis 
XVI.  helping  the  Poor  in  the  Winter  of 
1788  (1817),  Duke  of  Bordeaux  in  his  Cra- 
dle, Versailles  Museum  ;  Daphnis  and  Chloe 
(1817)  ;  The  Abdication  of  Gustavus  Vasa 
(1811),  destroyed  in  1848)  ;  Ruth  and  Boa* 
(1822)  ;  Monks  of  St.  Gothard  helping  Fam- 
ilies robbed  by  Brigands  (1824)  ;  Henry  IV. 
of  France  (1827),  Grand  Trianon,  Versailles. 
— Bellier,  i.  703 ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  franyaisc  ; 
Ga/..  des  B.  Arts  (1800),  viii.  128  ;  Larousse; 
Meyer,  Gesch.,  174. 

HEKSILIA  SEPARATING  ROMULUS 
AND  T  ATI  US,  (lucrcinn,  Louvre  ;  canvas, 
H.  8  ft.  3  in.  x  8  ft.  9  in.  Hersilia,  holding 
the  arm  of  Romulus,  looks  entreatiugly  at 
her  father,  whose  hand,  armed  with  a  sword, 
is  arrested  by  a  Sabiuc  ;  in  background 
Romans  and  Sabincs  lighting.  Painted  in 
1045  for  the  Marquis  de  La  Vaillirre. — Yil- 
lot,  Cat.  Louvre. 

HERST,  AUGUSTE  CLEMENT, 
JACQUES,  born  atRoeroy  (Ardennes),  Aug. 
28, 1825.  Landscape  painter  ;  chiefly  known 
by  his  water-colours.  L.  of  Honour,  1874. 
Works  :  Storm  on  the  Coast  of  Africa,  Sun- 
rise at  Rotterdam,  Old  Bridge  in  Holland 
(1874) ;  Valley  of  Sallanches,  Forest  Border 
(1875)  ;  Low  Tide,  Spring  (1870) ;  View 
near  Dordrecht,  La  Barre— Africa  (1877)  ; 
Interior  of  Farm-Yard,  Chartres  Museum. — 
Bellier,  i.  704. 

HERTEL,  ALBERT,  born  in  Berlin, 
April  1'J,  1843.  Landscape  painter,  pupil 
of  Berlin  Academy,  and  one  of  the  foremost 
Prussian  colourists.  Professor  at  Berlin 
Academy  in  1875.  Works  :  Capri ;  Via 
Flamiuia  near  Rome  ;  View  of  Cape  Porto- 
fino  ;  After  Storm  on  Coast  of  Genoa  (1878), 
Northern  Coast  Scene  (1883),  National  Gal- 
lery, Berlin  ;  Repose  in  Egypt,  Breslau  Mu- 
seum ;  Ulysses  and  the  Sirens  ;  Heights  of 
A  nti  mna  ;  Olive  Harvest  in  Capri ;  Summer 


Evening  by  Brandenburg  Gate  ;  Genovcse 
Still  Life  (1879).— MtUler,  254  ;  Rosenberg, 
Berl.  Malersch.,  344  ;  Zeitsdir.  f.  b.  K,  six. 
04. 

HERTEL,  KARL,  born  in  Breslau,  Oct. 
17,  1837.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Diissel- 
dorf  Academy  under  Wilhelm  Sohn  ;  visited 
the  art  centres  of  Germany,  and  after  set- 
tling in  Diisseldorf  made  annual  trips  to 
Belgium  and  Holland.  His  well-coloured 
pictures  show  genuine  feeling.  Works : 
Boys  at  Play  ;  Departure  of  Laudwehr  ;  The 
Two  Friends;  Young  Germany  (1874),  Na- 
tional Gallery,  Berlin;  replica,  and  Young 
Wounded  Soldier  playing  on  Violin  (1*72), 
Leipsic  Museum  ;  Dutch  Coast  Scene 
(1883). 

HERTERICH,  HANS,  born  at  Ansbach, 
Bavaria,  in  1843.  Historical  genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Munich  Academy  under  Philipp 
Foltz,  and  of  Piloty  ;  afterwards  studied  in 
Koine,  where  ho  painted  scenes  from  renais- 
sance and  rococo  time.  Works:  Ingeborg 
at  the  Sea  ;  Frederic  with  the  Bitten  Check  ; 
Not  at  Home  (1870).— Illustr.  /eitg.  (1*71  I, 
ii.  522  ;  (1877),  ii.  405. 

HERXOG,  HERMANN,  born  in  Bremen. 
Nov.  15,  1832.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of 
Diisseldorf  Academy  under  Schirmer  ;  vis- 
ited repeatedly  Norway,  Switzerland,  Italy, 
and  the  Pyrenees,  of  which  countries  he  has 
painted  numerous  mountain  landscapes  ex- 
cellent in  drawing  and  pleasing  in  colour- 
ing. In  180!)  he  came  to  America,  and  set- 
tled in  Philadelphia.  Works:  Festival  at 
Unspunnen,  Switzerland  (1802)  ;  Norwegian 
Fjord  ;  The  Wetterhorn  ;  Twilight  in  the 
Alps ;  Lauterbrunn  Valley  ;  Norwegian 
Waterfall ;  Views  in  Yoscmite  Valley  ;  Nor- 
wegian Landscape,  Gotha  Museum. — Miil- 
ler,  255. 

HESS,  EUGEN,  born  in  Munich,  Juno 
25,  1824,  died  there,  Nov.  21, 1802.  Genre 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Peter  Hess,  and 
student  in  Munich  Academy.  Travelled 
with  his  father  (183!))  in  Northern  Ger- 
many, Poland,  and  Russia.  Early  gained 
repute  by  bis  works,  and  in  1849-50 


HESS 


profited  by  studying  the  old  masters  in 
Brussels  and  Paris.  Works:  Family  in 
Forester's  House,  Game  Poulterer  (1840)  ; 
Hunter's  Good  Morning  (1848) ;  First  In- 
struction in  Hunting  (1850)  ;  Bavarian  Rifle- 
man on  Outpost  (1853)  ;  Marshal  Wrangel 
overtaken  by  General  von  Worth  (1855)  ; 
Message  from  Battlefield  (1857)  ;  Looking 
for  Pheasants  (1802)  ;  Shakespeare  as  a 
Poacher  before  his  Landlord  ;  Visit  at  the 
Monastery,  The  Swedish  General  Wrangel 
escaping  capture  by  the  Bavarians  in  1047 
while  hunting,  New  Pinakothek,  Munich. — • 
Andrescn,  iii.  203. 

HESS,  HEINRICH  MA1UA  VON,  born 
in  Diisseldorf,  April  1!), 
1798,  died  in  Munich, 
March  29,  18(53.  His- 
tory and  portrait  paint- 
er, son  and  pupil  of  the 
engraver  Karl  Ernst 
Christoph  Hess,  then 
from  1813  at  the  Munich 
Academy  under  P.  von 
L  a  n  g  e  r .  Having  at- 
tracted attention  by  his 
paintings  when  only  eighteen,  he  went  in 
1821  to  Rome,  and  remained  four  years. 
In  1827—47  he  was  professor  at  the  Munich 
Academy,  and  in  1849  became  director  of 
all  the  galleries.  His  frescos  in  the  Chapel 
of  All  Saints  (1827-37),  and  especially  those 
in  the  Basilica  (1837-40),  arc  among  the  most 
remarkable  modern  works  of  their  kind.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Vienna,  Milan,  Stock- 
holm, and  Antwerp  Academies.  Works  : 
Entombment,  St.  Luke  (1815) ;  Holy  Fam- 
ily, Faith,  Love,  and  Hope  (1817) ;  Charity, 
Christmas  Eve,  St.  Cecilia,  Entombment, 
Descent  from  the  Cross,  several  portraits 
(1817-21);  Portrait  of  Thorwaldsen,  Count- 
ess Florenzi,  Parnassus  (1821-20);  07  Scenes 
from  Old  and  New  Testament,  and  11  from 
Church  History  (1827-37),  Life  of  St.  Boni- 
face (1840-45),  Church  of  All  Saints,  Munich; 
Last  Supper  (1840),  Refectory,  Benedictine 
Monastery,  Munich  ;  Madonna  Enthroned, 
Last  Supper  (1803,  unfinished);  Peasants  on 


Pilgrimage  to  Rome,  Portrait  of  Thorwald- 
sen, do.  of  Florentine  Lady,  New  Pinakothek, 
ib. ;  Portrait  of  Thorwaldsen,  Schack  Gallery, 
ib. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xii.  278  ;  Brockhaus, 
ix.  181  ;  Art  Journal  (1805),  97 ;  Reber-Pecht, 
ii.  97. 

HESS,  HIERONYMUS,  born  in  Basle  in 
1788,  died  there  in  1850.  History  painter, 
pupil  in  Rome  of  Koch.  Works :  Murder 
of  Emperor  Albrecht  by  Hans  von  Schwaben ; 
Battle  of  the  Swiss  against  the  French  near 
St.  Jacob,  Basle  Museum. — Cotta's  Kunstbl., 
1830,  25  ;  N.  Necrol.  d.  D.  1850  ;  Waagen, 
D,  ii.  283,  290. 

HESS,  JOHANN  MICHAEL,  born  at 
Erlau,  Hungary,  Sept,  18,  1708,  died  about 
1830.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna 
Academy  under  Maurer,  won  the  first  prize 
in  1794,  and  afterwards  became  professor  of 
drawing  at  the  Engineer  Academy.  Works  : 
St.  Stephen,  Assumption,  John  the  Baptist 
and  John  of  Nepomuk,  Seminary  Church, 
Erlau  ;  Baptism  of  St.  Stephen,  Gran  Cathe- 
dral.— Wurzbach,  viii.  424. 

HESS,  KARL,  born  in  Diisseldorf  in 
'  1801,  died  at  Reiclieuhall,  Nov.  10,  1874. 
Genre  and  animal  painter,  youngest  brother 
of  Peter,  whom,  with  Wagenbauer,  he  took 
for  his  model.  Educated  in  Munich.  Pict- 
ures full  of  truth,  character,  and  poetry.  Also 
an  engraver.  Works  :  Thierstilck  (1835) ; 
Starting  for  the  Alp,  Alp  near 

HKochel   (1848);  On   Stahremberg 
Lake ;  Alp  near  Schliersee ;  Mu- 
nich Buck-Cellar  ;  Pasturage  ;  Ty- 
/  o  3  -3  rolese   Landscape,    National  Gal- 
lery,   Berlin. — Allgem.    d.   Biogr., 
xii.    298;    Deutsche    Warte    (1875),    708; 
Kunst-Chronik,  x.  137. 

HESS,  KARL  ADOLF,  bom  in  Dresden 
in  1709,  died  at  Wilhelmsdorf,  near  Vienna, 
July  3,   1849.     Battle   and   horse   painter, 
1  pupil  of  Klass ;  settled  about  1809  in  Vi- 
enna, where  he  afterwards  became  professor 
;  at  the  Academy.     His   many  journeys  to 
Hungary,  Russia,  and  Turkey,  and  in  1829 
to  England,  enabled  him  to  acquire  a  thor- 
ough knowledge  of   the  various  breeds  of 


250 


HESS 

horses,  which  he  painted  with  great  skill.  Marino  —  n   Robber  —  defending   Himself, 

Works:  Attack  of  Saxon  Dragoons  (179(1) ;  Cossacks  crossing  the  Rhine  (1819);  Defence 

March    of    Cossacks    through    Bohemia  of  a  Bridge  near  Hanau  (1820)  ;  Skirmish 

(1799);  Twelve  Pictures —The  Riding  School  between  French  and  Austrian  Cavalry,  Aus- 

(1800-1807) ;  Horses'   Heads   (18-25).— All-  trian    Camp  (1822);   Plundering   Cossacks 

gem.   d.   Biogr.,   vii.   2%;  Wurzbach,   viii.  (1820),  Sutler  Scene,  Feast  of  St.  Leonhard 

425.  in  Bavaria- (1825),  French  Train-Wagon  sur- 

HESS,  LUDWIG,  born  in  Zurich,   Oct.  prised  by  Austrian  Uhlans,  Pallicares  near 

16,  1760,  died  there,  April  13,  1800.      Land-  Athens    (1829),    National    (Jallery,    Berlin; 

scape  painter,  studied  entirely  from  nature  ;  Kncounter  at  W<">rgel  iu  iSd'.l,  Skirmish  near 

visited  Florence  and  Rome  iu  17'.)4.     Much  Pass  Strub  in  1805,  Battle  of  Arcis-sur-Aube 

influenced  by  Salomon  Gessner.     Works:  (182S);  Wallachian  Horses,  Entrv  of  King 

Mont  Blanc;  Morning  iu  the  Alps;  Even-  Otho  into  Nauplia  ( 1835),  do.  into  Athens, 

ing  on  Lago  Maggiore  ;  (iriitli,  Tell's Chapel ;  The  Robber  Barbone  and  Familv  defending 

collection  of  his  best  paintings  (37)  in  Zurich  themselves  against  Gendarmes,  View  of  San 

Gallery. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,   xii.    298  ;  Joh.  Marino,    Rest    before    Inn,   Train   of   Greek 

Heinr.  Meyer,  Ludwig  Hess  (Zurich,  1800).  Peasants    on    Sea-Coast,    Chamois    Hunter. 

HESS,   MAX,  born  in  Munich,   Oct.   15,  Italian  Family  at   Tivoli.   I5;ittle  of  Auster- 

1825,  died  at  Lippspringe,  Westphalia,  July  litz,  Scenes  from  Greek  War  of  Indcpend- 

19,    18C8.     History   painter,    youngest    son  ence  (40  oil  sketches  for  frescos  in   Arcades 

and  pupil  of  Peter;  also   studied  in   Paris  of  Royal  Garden),  New  Pinakothek.  Munich  ; 

and  Dilsseldorf.  Works:  Puritans  on  Guard  ;  Duck-Shooting  on  t  lie  Moor,  Leipsic  Mu>c- 

Italian  Noblemen  on  a  Veranda  ;  Pillage  of  um  ;   Laying  of  Corner-Stone  of  Column  of 

a     Monastery;    Torchlight     Procession     at  Constitution;  Landing  of  Greek  Troops  at 

Dilsseldorf,   1857,  painted   for  the   Princes  Nauplia  :  Battles  of  Smolensk,  Poloczk,  Wi- 

of   Hohenzollern  ;    Portrait   of   the    Opera-  asma,  Yalutina  Gora,  Krasnoi,  Klasigy,  and 

Singer  Kiudermann. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xii.  Boroilino,  Crossing  of  the  Beresina  (1.S39 

299:    Blanckarts,    30;   Kunst-Chronik,    iii.  55);  Battle  ofLeipsie  (1854);  Battle  of  AUK- 

171.  terlit/.  (185(i).     Allgem.  d.  Biogr..  xii.  300; 

HESS,  PETER  VON,  born  in  Diisseldorf,  Brockhaus,  ix.  180  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  vi.  1 1C. 
July  2!),  1792,  died  in  Munich,  April  4,  1871.       HESSE,    ALEXANDRE    (.IH.VX     BAI'- 

Genre  and  battle  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  TISTE).    born    in    Paris,    Sept.    :!(),    ISOi!, 

Karl  Ernst  Christoph  Hess,  and  from   180<>  died  there,  Aug.  7,  1879.      History  painter, 

at  the    Munich    Academy  ;    served    in    the  nephew  and  pupil  of  Auguste  Hesse,  and 

campaigns  of  18115-15,  visited  Vienna,  Swit-  pupil  of  Gros;  studied  the  works  of  Paolo 

zerland,  and  Italy  (1818),  accompanied  King  Veronese  at  Venice,  and  formed  his  style 

Otho  to  Greece  in  18158,  and  visited  Russia  after  that  master.     His  pictures  are  much 

(1839)  to  make  studies  for  a  series  of  battle-  admired   for  their  skilful  composition  and 

pieces  ordered  by  the  Czar  Nicolas.     One  careful  finish.     Medals:   1st  class,  18:5:5;  2d 

of  the  foremost  modern  painters  of  war  life,  class,    1848;  L.   of  Honour,   1842;  Officer, 

Founded   with  (^uaglio   the  Art  Union  at  18(>8  ;  Member  of  Institute,  18(!7.     Works: 

Munich.     Bavarian  court-painter  and  mem-  Titian's  Funeral  (1833);  Leonardo  da  Vinci 

her  of  the  Berlin,  Vienna,  Munich,  and  St.  letting  loose  some  Birds  (1836);  Mower  Girl 

Petersburg  Academies.     Works  :   Battle  of  (1837),  Girl  carrying  Fruit  (1838),  Venetian 

Arcis-sur-Aube,  Return  of  Bavarian  Officers  Concert,  Nantes  Museum  ;  Death  of  Brissou 

(1813);  Hoi-semen  seeking  Shelter,  Cossack  (1840);   Adoption  of   Godfrey  de  Bouillon 

Scenes   (1814);    Battle    of    Arcis-sur-Aube  by  Emperor  Alexis  Comnenufl  (1842),  Ver- 

(1817) ;  Abruzzi   Peasants   before   an   Inn,  sailles  Museum  ;  Catalan  Fishermen,  Young 

Wl 


HESSE 

Woman  of  Aries  (1844);  Pisani's  Triumph  His  pictures,  which  show  the  influence  of 
(1847),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  The  Repub-  David's  school,  are  mostly  in  the  Wtlrtem- 
lic  (1848);  Charity  (18C1) ;  Mural  paintings  berg  galleries.  Works  :  Anger  of  Achilles  ; 
illustrative  of  the  Life  of  St.  Francis,  in  Blind  (Edipus  ;  Cupid  and  Psyche  ;  Fare- 
chapel  of  St.  Francis  de  Sales,  St.  Sulpice,  well  of  Regulus ;  Brutus  and  Portia ;  Pa- 
p-u-is. Bellier,  i.  7GG  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xv.  pirius  and  the  Gauls  ;  Marius  at  Carthage  ; 


29  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  283.  Daniel  in  the  Lions'  Den  ;  Joseph  in  Prison  ; 

HESSE,  (NICOLAS)  AUGUSTS,  born  in  Ascension  ;  St.  Cecilia ;  Mary  with  Wife  of 

Paris,  Aug.  28,   1795,  died  there,  June  14,  Pilate;  Odin's  Descent  into  Hell;  Cornelia 

1869.     History  painter,  uncle  of  Alexandra  with  her  Children  ;    Albouack's  Daughters 

Hesse,  pupil  of  Gros  ;  won  the  grand  prix  before   King    Alfred,    Stuttgart    Museum; 

de  Rome  in  1818.     Decorated  the  churches  King  Frederic  and  Suite  before  Castle  Mon- 

of  Notre  Dame  do  Lorette,  St.  Elizabeth,  repos ;  Brutus  seeing  the  Ghost  of  Ctesar, 
Bonne  Nouvclle,  St.  Eustache,  St.  Severin, 
and  St.  Sulpice,  Paris.  Painted  on  glass 
and  made  designs  for  other  glass  painters. 
Seldom  exhibited  in  the  Salon.  Medal,  1st 
class,  1838  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1840  ;  Member 

of  Institute,  18(13.     Works:  Philemon  and  Darmstadt  Museum.— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xii. 

Baucis  (1818)  ;  Foundation   of  College  de  320 ;  Goethe,  Schweizer  Reise,  i.  J.   1797  ; 

Sorbonne  (1827),  Church  of  the  Sorbonne,  Haakh,  Beitriige,  8  ;  Riegel,  175  ;  Wagner, 

Paris  ;    Mirabeau  in  the   States-General  of  Gesch.  der  Karlsschule,  i.  463. 

178!)  (1838),  Amiens  Museum  ;  Christ  at  the  HEUBNER,  HERMANN  LUDWIG,  bom 

Sepulchre  (1838),  Cathedral  of  Pi'rigueux  ;  in  Leipsic  in  1843.     Landscape,  genre,  and 

St.  Mary  fainting  at  the  Tomb  of  Christ  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Weimar  Art  School 

(1845),    formerly    Luxembourg    Museum  ;  under  Pauwels  ;  was  in  18G9-73  director  of 

Adoration   of   Shepherds,    Conversion    and  the   Aarland   Institute,    Leipsic.      Works : 

Martyrdom  of  St.  Hippolytus,  Notre  Dame  Lying-in  Room  ;  Going  to  Church  ;  Nobody 

de   Lorette,   Paris  ;    Jacob   and   the  Angel  at  Home  ;  Goats  in  Entrance  Hall ;  View  in 

(1851),  Avranches  Cathedral ;  Clytia  Dying  Rhon  Mountains. — Mailer,  255. 
(1853),  Amiens  Museum  ;  Portrait  of  Girar- 1      HEULLANT,  F^LIX  ARMAND,  born  in 

don    (1856).      In   the   Hotel   de   Ville,    he  Paris,  April  23,  1834.     Genre  painter,  pupil 

painted,  among  other  pictures,  the  Promul-  of  Picot  and  E.  Giraud.     Paints  attractive 

gation  of  the  Concordat. — Bellier,  i.  765  ;  pictures  of  life  and  manners.     Works :  The 

Kunst-Chronik,  iv.  195.  Truant ;  The  Spring  ;  Hiding  ;  Apple-Gath- 

HETSCH,  PHILIPP  FRIEDRICH  VON,  ering  in  Japan  ;  Greek  Washerwomen  ;  Sac- 
born  in  Stuttgart,  Sept.  10, 1758,  died  there,  rifice  to  Venus  ;  Sleeping  Endymion  ;  Lover 
Dec.  31,  1839.  History  painter,  pupil,  from  !  of  the  Olden  Time  ;  Soap-Bubbles,  Cleo- 
1773  at  the  Karlsschule,  of  Guibal  and  Har- 1  patra  (1879)  ;  Heliogabalus  raining  Roses, 
per;  made  court-painter  in  1780,  and  sent  The  Nest  (1880);  Origin  of  Design,  Summer 
to  Paris,  where  he  continued  his  studies  for  (1881);  Japanese  Concert,  Japanese  Marriage 
two  years  under  Vien,  Vernet,  and  David  ;  Car  (1882) ;  A  Harem,  A  Meeting  (1883) ; 
was  in  Rome  in  1785-87,  and  again  in  1795.  Finding  of  Moses,  Bouquet  de  Nice  (1884); 
In  1787  he  was  appointed  professor  at  the  \  Iris  (1885). 

Karlsschule,  in  1798  director  of  the  Ducal  HEUR,  CORNELIS  JOZEF  D',  born  at 

Gallery,  and  in  1801  member  of  the  Berlin  Antwerp,  March  27,  1707,  died  March  12, 

Academy.     In  1809  he  again  visited  Paris,  1762.     Flemish  school ;  history  and  interior 

and  in  1816  Leipsic,  Dresden,  and  Berlin,  painter,  pupil  of  Kasper  Jacob  van  Opstal, 

363 


HKi'srii 


of  Jan  Jozef  Horemans,  the  elder,  and  of 
Peeter  Snyers  ;  went  in  1730  to  Paris,  where 
he  won  several  medals  (1730,  1731,  1732); 
painted  chiefly  grisailles.  Works  :  Coat  of 
Anns  of  Abbey  Saint-Michel,  do.  of  Abbot 
Jacques  Thomas,  Prudence,  Justice,  Force, 
Instruction  in  Perspective  (1701),  Antwerp 
Museum.  —  Cat.  du  Musec  d'Anvers  (1874), 
149;  Van  den  Branden,  1214. 

HEUSCH,  GUILLIAM  (Willem)  DE, 
born  at  Utrecht  in  10—?,  died  in  10!»!) 
(1712V).  Dutch  school  ;  landscape  painter, 
said  to  have  studied  in  Italy  under  Jan 
Both,  whom  he  imitated.  Dean  of  guild  in 
Utrecht  in  104!).  Works  :  Road  with  Shep- 
herd and  Herd  (102!>),  Dresden  Gallery  ; 
Landscape  with  Cattle  and  Shepherds  (  101)11), 
Louvre  ;  Italian  View  with  Waterfall,  Rotter- 
dam Museum  ;  Italian  Landscape.  (3),  Am- 
sterdam Museum  ;  do.  (2),  Hague  Museum  ; 
Mountainous  Landscape,  Cassel  Gallery  ; 
do.,  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  do.,  Hermitage, 
St.  Petersburg  ;  Evening  Landscape  with 
Ruin,  Vienna  Museum  ;  others  in  Brunswick, 
Frankfort,  Copenhagen,  and  Stockholm  Gal- 
leries. —  Cli.  Blanc,  Kcolc  hollandaiso  ;  Im- 
merzeel,  ii.  30  ;  Kramm,  iii.  (580  ;  Do  Stuers, 
47  ;  Riegcl,  Beitriige,  ii.  371. 

HEUSCH,  JACOB  DE,  born  at  Utrecht 
in  1(557,  died  in  Amsterdam  in  1701.  Dutch 
school  ;  landscape  painter,  nephew  and  pupil 
of  Guilliam  de  Heusch,  whom  ho  imitated  ; 
went  to  Italy,  where  he  studied  from  nature 
and  the  works  of  Salvator  Rosa.  His  pict- 
ures so  clearly  resembled  those  of  his  uncle 
that  tho  members  of  tho  Schilderbcnt  in 
Rome  called  him  Affdruck  (copyist).  Land- 
scape pleasing,  colour  good,  composition 


<T\ 

dU 


well  distributed,  enlivened  with  figures  and 
animals.     Works  :    Ponte   Rotto   in    Rome 


(1090),  Brunswick  Museum ;  Landscapes 
(2,  1G99),  Landing- Place  on  a  Lake  (1(599), 
Vienna  Museum  ;  Mountainous  Landscapes 
(2),  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg. — Immer/.eel, 
ii.  37  ;  Quelleuschriften,  xiv.  42!)  ;  Riegel, 
Beitriige,  ii.  4 115. 

HEL'SS,  EDr.VRD  VAN,  born  at  Oggers- 
heim,  Rhenisli  Palatinate,  in  180s,  died  iu 
ISSO.  History  and  portrait  painter  ;  studied 
in  Munich  and  Koine,  where!  he  joined  the 
artistic  circle  of  Cornelius  and  companions, 
and  was  on  intimate  terms  with  Thorwald- 
sen.  On  his  travels  afterwards  through 
Holland,  Paris,  and  London  lie  was  much 
influenced  by  Rubens  and  Rembrandt. 
Painted  more  than  eighty  portraits,  many 
lit'e-si/.e,  of  reigning  princes,  dignitaries,  and 
representatives  of  science  and  arl,  among 
them  Thorwaldsen  and  Overbeck.  Works  : 
Rape  of  Europa  ( 1832),  Darmstadt  Museum; 
Annunciation,  Mater  Amabilis,  Mater  (llori- 
osa.  Mater  Dolorosa,  Mater  Salvatoris,  New 
Piuakothek,  Munich. — Kunst-Chronik, 
048. 

HEYDEX.  AUGl'ST 
DOR)  VON,  born  in 
Hreslau,  June  13,  1827. 
History  painter,  pupil 
in  Berlin  of  Stell'eck, 
and  in  Paris  of  Gleyre 
and  Couture  ;  won  the 
gold  medal,  and  after- 
wards repeatedly  visited 
Italy  to  study  the  mon- 
umental painting  of  the 
Renaissance.  Works  : 
St.  Barbara  as  Patron  Saint  of  Miners  (1804 ) ; 
Lulhi-i-  and  Frundsberg  before  the  Imperial 
Diet,  Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg;  Lu- 
ther in  Wittenberg  ;  Arion  on  Waves  of  the 
Sea  (1808),  Berlin  Opera-House  ;  Wooing  of 
French  Ambassador  for  Princess  ('lenience 
(1809)  ;  The  Siesta,  The  Fairy-Tale  (1870)  ; 
Festive  Morning  (1870),  National  Gallery, 
Berlin  ;  Happy  Times,  The  Anglers,  Ride  of 
the  Walkyries  (1872)  ;  Leucothea,  Martyr 
at  the  Stake,  (Edipusand  the  Sphinx,  Olof's 
Wedding  Ride  (1878)  ;  Fresco  paintings  iu 


I Ami',    THKO- 


V.V) 


IIEYDEN 


\ 


City  Hall  and  National  Gallery,  Berlin.— 
Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1870),  ii.  493  ;  Meyer,  Conv. 
Lex.,  xix.  5(55  ;  Rosenberg,  Berl.  MalerscL, 
211;  D.  Rundschau,  xiii.  334;  xvii.  299; 
xx.  103. 

HFA'DEN,  JAN  VAN  DEH,  born  at  Gor- 
incbem  (Gorkum), 
in  1(537,  died  in 
Amsterdam,  Sept. 
28,  1712.  Dutch 
school  ;  architect- 
1  '  lire  and  landscape 
painter  ;  views  of 
buildings  show  a 
feeling  for  the  pict- 
uresque, warm  and 
transparent  tone, 
accurate  perspective,  and  line  touch.  Ranks 
first  among  those  who  represented  exteriors 
of  buildings.  Adriaan  van  de  Yelde,  Eglon 
van  der  Necr,  and  Lingelbach  painted  fig- 
ures in  his  pictures.  Said  to  have  visited 
London.  Works:  Street  in  Cologne,  Land- 
scape, Street  in  Town,  Architectural  Scene, 
National  Gallery,  London  ;  Cologne  Cathe- 
dral, Two  Church  Views,  Sir  Richard  Wal- 
lace, London  ;  Dutch  House  on  a  Canal, 
Buckingham  Palace  ;  do.,  Bridgewatcr  Gal- 
lery ;  Market-Place  in  Dutch  Town,  Lord 
Ashburton,  London  ;  Stone  Bridge,  Draw- 
Bridge,  Canal  View,  View  of  Amersfoort, 
Amsterdam  Museum  ;  Interior  of  Dutch 
Town  (1(507),  Hague  Museum  ;  Amsterdam 
Town  Hall  (16(58),  Market-Place  and  Church 
in  Dutch  Town,  Village  on  a  River,  Land- 
scape with  Ruins,  Louvre  ;  Quay  of  Amster- 
dam, Aremberg  Gallery,  Brussels  ;  The  Vy- 
vergracht  at  the  Hague,  Public  Square  at 
Veere — Zealand,  Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Palace 
with  Dutch  Garden,  Landscape,  Cassel  Gal- 
lery ;  Landscape  with  Castle,  Brunswick 
Museum  ;  Mordecai's  Hide,  Landscapes  (2), 
Schwerin  Gallery  ;  Square  in  a  City,  Palace 
of  Duke  of  Brabant  at  Brussels,  Old  Pina- 
kothek,  Munich;  Gothic  Church  (1078), 
Views  of  Monasteries  (3),  Dresden  Gallery  ; 
Old  Castle,  Museum,  Vienna  ;  Interior  of  a 
Town,  Academy,  ib. ;  Dutch  Street  on  Canal, 


Landscape  with  Town,  Canal  with  Vessels, 
Church,  Mountainous  Landscape,  Three 
Churches  and  Castle,  Perspective  View  of 
Street,  Italian  Castle,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg ;  others  in  Copenhagen  and  Frankfort 
Galleries  ;  Old  City  on  the  llhine,  Chateau 
and  Park,  Historical  Society,  New  York. — 


V  I&U 


Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  hollandaise  ;  Immerzeel, 
ii.  37  ;  Kramm,  iii.  687  ;  Kugler  (Crowe), 
ii.  500  ;  Riegel,  Beitriige,  ii.  407. 

HEYDEN,  KARL,  born  in  Cologne  in 
1845.  Portrait  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Diisseldorf  Academy  and  of  Wilhelm  Sohn  ; 
travelled  in  Germany,  Belgium,  and  France. 
Works  :  Convalescent ;  Women  at  Grave  of 
Fallen  Soldier  ;  Spring  Flower ;  Apple 
Woman  ;  Among  Favourites. 

HEYDEN,  Dr.  OTTO,  born  at  Ducherow, 
Pomerania,  July  8,  1820.  History  and  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  of  Berlin  Academy  under 
Klober  and  Woch,  and  in  Paris  (1847-48) 
of  Cogniet ;  lived  in  Italy,  especially  in 
Rome  and  Sicily,  in  1850-54,  and  then  set- 
tled in  Berlin.  In  180G  he  took  part  in  the 
campaign  in  Bohemia,  in  the  suite  of  the 
Crown  Prince,  visited  the  East  in  1869,  and 
accompanied  the  army  to  France  in  1870. 
Court-painter  and  professor  at  Berlin  Acad- 
emy. Works :  Job  derided  by  his  Wife 
(1855),  Stettin  Museum ;  Italian  Mower, 
Founding  of  Greifswalde  University  (1856) ; 
Boguslaw  X.  attacked  by  Pii'ates,  Girl  of 
Sorrento,  Stettin  Museum ;  Field-Marshal 
Schwerin  in  Battle  of  Prague,  Royal  Palace, 
Berlin  ;  Ride  of  Emperor  William  over 
Battlefield  at  Sadowa  (1868),  National  Gal- 
lery, Berlin  ;  Meeting  of  Crown  Prince  and 
Prince  Frederic  Charles  ;  Emperor  William 
decorating  the  Crown  Prince  ;  Bazaar  in 
Cairo  ;  Street  Life  in  Cairo  ;  Emperor  Will- 


254 


HEYERDAIIL 


iam  visiting  tlic  Wounded  at  Versailles  ; 
Portraits  of  German  Emperor,  of  Bismarck, 
Moltke,  and  General  Steinmetz. — Milllcr, 
266;  Rosenberg,  Berl.  Malersdi.,  1SS. 

HEYERDAHL,  HANS,  born  in  Sweden  ; 
contemporary.  Genre  painter,  j>npil  of 
Munich  Academy  and  in  Paris  of  Bounat  ; 
now  in  Florence.  Medal,  Paris,  3d  class, 
1878.  Works  :  Nymph  talking  to  Magpie 
(1K80);  Flower-Seller,  "How  Much?" 
(1881);  Dead  Child,  The  Visit  (1882); 
Sleeping  Nymph  and  Satyr,  Girl  lighting 
Fire  (1883)  ;  Bather  (1884)  ;  Norwegian 
Landscape,  Young  Girl  (1HH.">). 

HEYMANS,  ADRIEN  JOSEPH,  born  in 
Antwerp,  June  11,  1831).  Landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Antwerp  Academy  at  the  age  of  fif- 
teen, but  formed  himself  chiefly  through 
study  of  nature  and  of  the  works  of  Corof, 
Millet,  and  Daubigny  in  Paris.  In  18SO  he 
exhibited  about  sixty  of  his  pictures  in 
Brussels,  with  great  success.  Works  :  Sun- 
set on  Heath  (1875),  Ghent  Museum  ;  He- 
turn  of  the  Herd  ;  Moonrise  ;  Morning  Mist 
by  the  Sea  ;  Three  Marines  ;  Sunrise  ;  Snow 
Landscape  with  Birch  Trees;  Cows  at  Pas- 
ture ;  Evening  on  the  Scheldt  ;  Old  Avenue 
of  Bloemeschot  ;  Spring  Morning  in  the 
Campine,  Ghent  Museum  ;  Swamp,  Evening 
Landscape  ;  Snow-Storm. — Miiller,  '257. 

HEYN,  AUGUST,  born  at  Sophienau, 
Meiningen,  Aug.  10,  1837.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Munich  Academy,  and  of  Raupp 
and  Defregger  ;  copied  in  the  Munich  and 
Dresden  Galleries,  visited  Italy,  South  Ty- 
rol, Hesse,  the  Black  Forest,  and  England. 
Works  :  Scenes  from  Children's  World  and 
Peasant  Life  ;  To  Her  !  To  Him  ! ;  Little 
Barber  (1880).— Mdller,  257. 

HICKEL,  ANTON,  bom  at  Bohmisch- 
Leipa,  Bohemia,  in  1745,  died  in  Hamburg, 
Oct.  30,  1798.  German  school  ;  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  his  brother  Josef  and  of 
Vienna  Academy ;  went  about  1777  to  France, 
where  he  painted  Marie  Antoinette,  then  to 
London,  where  he  made  a  name  by  his  pict- 
ure of  the  House  of  Commons,  containing 
ninety-six  life-size  portraits  (1793-95),  now 


in  National  Gallery,  London  (presented  by 
Emperor  Francis  Joseph  of  Austria,  1885)  ; 
Turk  with  Slave  making  Music,  Schleissheim 
Gallery  ;  Portrait  of  Burgomaster  Debary, 
Basle  Museum.  One  of  his  best  works  is 
the  portrait  of  the  poet  Klopstock. — Allgem. 
Kunst-Chronik,  i\.  5(17  ;  Wurzbach,  ix.  2. 

HICKEL,  JOSEF,  born  at  Bohmiseli- 
Leipa  in  173(i,  died  in  Vienna,  March  2N, 
1807.  Portrait  painter,  first  instructed  by 
his  father,  then  pupil  of  Vienna  Academy 
under  Martin  van  Meytens  ;  went  to  Italy 
in  17(i8,  painted  the  portraits  of  many  nota- 
bilities in  Milan,  Parma,  and  Florence  for 
the  Empress  Maria  Theresa,  and  was  made 
member  of  the  Florence  and,  after  his  re- 
turn, of  the  Vienna  Academv  (177(1 1,  and 
court-painter.  More  than  three  thousand 
of  his  works  are  known.  Works  :  Portrait 
of  Joseph  II.,  City  Hall.  Vienna  ;  Empress 
Maria  Theresa,  King  Ferdinand  of  Naples 
and  Ojiccn  ;  Duke  Albert,  of  Teschen  and 
Archduchess  Christine  ;  Emperor  Leopold 
II.;  Emperor  Francis;  Pope  Pius  VI.; 
Prince  Kaunit/.  ;  General  Baron  Lascy  ; 

So/ 

Prince  Kinsky  ;  Elector  Charles  Theodore, 
Painter  Winck,  Augsburg  ( lallery. — Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  xii.  3S5  ;  Wur/.baeh,  i\.  3. 

HICKS,  GEORGE  EDGAR,  born  at 
Lymington,  England,  in  1824.  Genre  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Bloomsbiiry  School 
of  Art  in  1843,  and  of  Royal  Academy  in 
1844.  Works:  Lark  at  Heaven's  Gate 
(1855)  ;  Dividend  Day  at  the  Bank  (1850) ; 
Post-Office  (I860)  ;  Before  the  Magistrates 
(1800);  Reflected  Smiles  (18(i7)  ;  Utilizing 
Church  Metal  (1809)  ;  Black  Monday  (1871); 
Ruth  the  Moabitess  (1874)  ;  Return  from 
Gleaning  (1870) ;  Fisherman's  Wife,  Wood- 
man's Daughter  (1877)  ;  Forget  Me  Not 
(1878)  ;  Cinderella  (1883)  ;  Portraits  (1884). 

HICKS,  THOMAS,  bom  at  Ncwtown, 
Penn.,  Oct.  18,  1823.  Portrait  painter, 
studied  in  Philadelphia  and  at  the  National 
Academy,  later  a  pupil  of  Couture  in  Paris. 


255 


IIIDDEMANN 


In  ISl.'i  visited  Europe,  where  lie  roiniiincd 
four  years.  First  picture  exhibited  in  1841. 
Klected  N.A.  in  1851.  Studios  in  New 
York  and  Trenton  Falls,  N.  J.  Works  : 
Kdwin  Booth  as  higo  :  Henry  Ward  Bcecher  ; 
Longfellow;  Halleek  ;  Dr.  Kane  ;  William 
I\I.  Kvurts:  Dr.  Cogswell;  Bayard  Tuylor  ; 
Hamilton  Fish  ;  Luther  J5radish  (1857), 
Klisha  Kent  Kane  (185!)),  Henry  Abbott 
(1SH3),  Historical  Society,  New  York  ;  Parke 
Godwin  (187!)).  Mrs.  F.  X.  (loddard,  New 
York  ;  Portrait,  Indian  Suiumer  (1881); 
Mrs.  P>.  F.  Honiaine  (1882)  ;  Mrs.  K.  K.  Bil- 
lings (1883)  ;  Dr.  James  K.  Wood  (1884), 
New  York  Academy  of  Medicine  ;  Birches 
at  Tliornwood  Trenton  Falls  (18~'.t)  ;  In 
Brittany  (1881);  Fnd  of  a  Winter  Day 
(1885).  Dr.  liobert  Hand.  New  York. — Tuek- 
ernian,  4<!5  ;  Benjamin,  I'.l,  8(i. 

IllDDKMANN,  FIUKDKICH  PF.TKR, 
born  at  Diisscldorf,  Oct.  4,  18211.  (lenre 
painter,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under 
Tlicodorllildebrandt  and  Willielm>Schadow ; 
travelled  in  Germany,  France,  Belgium,  and 
Holland,  ]>:iintud  at  lirst  historical  and  ro- 
mantic subjects,  then  humourous  genre, 
scenes.  Medals  in  Vienna  (1871!),  Philadel- 
phia (ISTli).  Works:  NYedding  and  Bap- 
tism ;  The  Monster  ;  Concert  ;  Surprise  ; 
Severe  Lecture  ;  Pocket-Revision  ;  .Philoso- 
phy of  the  Hall  (1858),  W.  T.  Walters,  Bal- 
timore; From  Bygone  Days  (18(il) ;  School- 
Arrest  ;  Beginning  of  Kiruiess  (18(>2)  ;  Am- 
ateur Quartette  (18G3),Kdnig8berg  Museum; 
Bottle  of  Champagne;  Reunion  (1806) ;  Re- 
cruiting in  Time  of  Frederic  the  (Ireat 
(1870),  National  Gallery,  Berlin;  Return  from 
Afar  (1871);  Unbidden  Neighbours  (1872). 
Wiesbaden  Museum  ;  Picnic  in  the  Woods, 
In  Compartment  of  First  Class  (1874)  ; 
Winter  Pleasure  (1875) ;  Funeral  in  West- 
phalia. Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Love  Letter 
(1875),  Diisseldorf  (Iallery  ;  Desire  for  Re- 
venge (187(!) ;  Physician's  Anteroom  (1877). 
— Illustr.  Zeitg. *  (1873),  i.  32  ;  ii.  307  ; 
(1878),  ii.  347;  Miiller,  258;  Neue  freie 
Presse,  Aug.  18,  1871. 

HIEN,  DANIEL,  born  at  Strassburg  in 


1725,  died  at  Zweibriicken,  Bavaria,  in 
1773.  Landscape,  animal,  and  still-life 
painter,  pupil  of  Konrad  Mannlich,  then  in 
Milan  (174!))  of  Crivelli,  and  in  Paris  of 
Oudry  ;  painted  especially  bunting  pieces 
with  great  skill.  Works  :  Landscape  with 
Herd  and  Figures,  Germanic  Museum,  Nu- 
remberg; Animal  pieces  (2)  (17(>5),  Schleiss- 
hcim  Gallery  ;  others  in  Augsburg  Gallery. 

HIGHLANDER'S  HOME,  Sir  David 
IIV//'/!1,  Karl  of  Essex;  canvas.  Interior, 
with  the  father  of  the  family  sitting  at  right, 
and  the  mother  standing,  holding  her  baby  for 
him  to  kiss;  at  their  feet,  two  dogs;  in  back- 
ground, a  girl  going  out  of  the  door.  Painted 
in  1825.  Engraved  by  W.  Finden. — Heaton, 
Works  of  SirD.  W. ;  Paintersof  Georgian  Era. 

HICiHMORE,  JOSEPH,  born  in  London 
in  1(!!I2,  died  at  Canterbury  in  1780.  His- 
tory and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  the  Acad- 
emy under  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller  ;  painted 
portraits  of  several  Knights  of  the  Bath  on 
the  revival  of  that  order  in  1725,  particu- 
larly a  line  picture  of  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond and  his  esquires,  and  afterwards,  by 
order  of  George  I.,  a  portrait  of  the  Duke  of 
Cumberland  ;  visited  the  Continent  in  1732, 
'  chiefly  to  see  the  Diisseldorf  Gallery,  and  at 
Antwerp  to  study  the  works  of  Rubens. 
j  Works  :  Hagar  and  Islunael ;  Good  Samar- 
itan ;  Finding  of  Moses  ;  The  Graces  un- 
veiling Nature  ;  Portraits  of  Samuel  Rich- 
ardson and  Dr.  Stebbing,  National  Gallery, 
London. — Bryan  (Graves),  (J54. 

HILANDERAS,  LAS  (The  Tapestry 
Weavers),  ]'ulaxqncz,  Madrid  Museum  ;  can- 
vas, II.  7  ft.  3  in.  x  'J  ft.  G  in.  Scene  in  royal 
tapestry  manufactory  of  S.  Isabel,  Madrid. 
An  old  woman,  at  spinning-wheel,  turns  to 
speak  to  a  girl  behind  her,  who  is  drawing 
back  a  red  curtain ;  girl  in  centre,  carding 
wool,  looks  at  a  cat  asleep  by  her  side  ;  an- 
other, on  right,  winds  yarn  from  a  reel ;  be- 
hind her,  one  entering  room  with  a  basket;  in 
background,  three  ladies  examining  tapestry. 
A  masterpiece ;  painted  about  1656 ;  former- 
1  ly  in  palace  of  Bueu  Retire.  Copy  by  Col- 
lier in  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts,  Paris.  Etched 


256 


Hii.AKirs 


7,erland,  Tyrol,  and  Upper  Italy,  and  in  1850 
the  Arctic  Ocean.  Went  around  the  world 
in  1802-04,  and  brought  home  400  watir- 
colours,  which,  when  exhibited  in  London  in 
1800,  attracted  mucli  attention.  A  selection 
from  them,  in  a  portfolio,  was  published  in 
180'J.  In  1853  he  was  made  professor  and 


by  Milius;  Gaujean;  Galvan;  Maura. — Ch.  Islands,  in  1851  It-ily,  Egypt,  Pali  stine,  Tur- 
Blanc,  £cole  espagnole  ;  Gii7,  des  15.  Arts  key.  Greece,  and  the  Sahara,  in  1S53  Swit- 
(1880),  xxi.  527  ;  Curtis,  15  ;  Madra/o,  003. 

HILARIUS,  painter,  of  Bithynia;  removecl 
in  reign  of  Valens  (A.I).  304-37!))  to  Athens, 
where  lie  l>ecame  noted  as  a  teacher.  Slain, 
with  all  his  family,  near  Corinth,  in  37'.t, 
during  an  invasion  of  Goths. — Eunap  ,  Vitsu 
Philos.  et  Soph.  (eel.  Boissonade),  07. 

H  I  L  D  E  B  R  A  N  D  , 
ERNST,  born  at  Falk- 
eiiberg,  Lusatia,  in  1833. 
Genre  painter,  pupil  in 
Berlin  of  Steft'eck  ;  spent 
one  year  in  Paris,  and  in 
1875  became  professor  at 
the  Carlsruhe  Art  School, 
afterwards  at  the  Berlin 
Academy,  which  ]>osition 
he  resigned  in  1885  ;  first 
practised  decorative  paint- 
ing, then  turned  to  por- 
trait, and  finally  to  genre, 
painting,  which  he  treats  in 
a  realistic  manner.  Med.tl 
in  Vienna,  1873.  Works  : 
Mother  and  Child,  Margue- 
rita,  Spoletina  (1800);  Let 
Little  Children  come  unto  Me:  Pra\ing 
Peasants  ;  Sick  Child  ;  Kitchen  in  Hart/ 


in 

Mount-tins;  Fervent  Entreaty;  Repentance-. 
Rococo  Interior  in  Bruchaal ;  Wedding  Pro- 
cession  in   Banqueting  Hall  of  Passage,  in    Sea  with  Boats,  Fisliernien's  Children  I 
Berlin  ;  Anxious  Hour  (1885);  Child's  P->r-    Two   Views   of   Helgoland,    IViy   with 


in  1855  member  of  the  B<-rlin  Academy. 
Works:  Am  liollwerk  ds:{Si;  Agitated  Sea 
with  Vessels,  Fishing  Boats  leaving  tlie  Har- 
bour, Fishermen  and  IV>at  (1H40);  Agitated 

^TJ  i  : 
Dog, 


trait,  Ilavem'  Gallery,  Berlin.  —  Miiller,  258;    Winter  Genre  Scene  Il84.'{|:  Tropical  Jtain, 


Leixner,  Mod.  K.,  i.  74. 

HILDEBRANDT,    EDUARD, 

Dant/ic, 


born  in 
I*,  1817, 
died  in  Berlin,  Oct.  25, 


Tropical  Citv  on  the  Water  (I845i:  St.  I)o- 
mingo  Spiare  in  Me\i<-o  (184»;i:  Street  in 
Lyons  (1843),  Street  in  Rouen,  Fi«her-maiden 
on  Shore,  Hour  of  Rest.  Santa  Gloria,  Kvi  n- 


1808.     Landscape  and  ing  in  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro,  Children  on  Shore, 

marine    painter,    pupil  Winter  L-indse-ajK-s  r2,  lH47i,  Irish   Peasant 

in  Berlin  of  Krause,  and  Cottage   (1850),    R.-ivem'    Gallery,    IV-rlin  ; 

in  1841-4:*,  in  Paris,  of  Panorama  of  Madeira  (1848i;  View  of  Lis- 

Isabey.   Visited  in  1840  Iwn,    Fort   Belcni,   Cajx-   Vincent,  Coxst   of 

Denmark.  Norway,  and  Madeira  1  184!li;  Const  by  Moonlight,  Moon- 

Great  Britain,  in  1843-  light  on  Scotch  Coast,  Irish  Genre  Scene, 

44    Brazil,    in     1847-  View  of  Rio  Janeiro  (  1850);  Two  Views  on 

49  England,  Scotland,  Spain,  and  the  Canary  Scotch  Coast,  Rio  Janeiro,  Near  Palermo, 


367 


I1ILDEBRAXDT 


Madeira,  Evening  in  Madeira,  Fort  St.  Elmo,  j 
Horse-Love,  Moonlight  on  Scotch  Coast 
(1851);  Naples  with  Vesuvius,  View  near ; 
Cairo,  Bay  of  Madeira,  Coast  of  Madeira 
(1S52);  Sea  of  Marmora,  Castle  and  Park, 
Children  with  Sleigh  (1853);  Flood-Tide,  | 
Strand,  On  (iosau  Lake,  Alpengiiihen,  San 
Giorgio  by  Moonlight  (1S.")4);  Moonlight  on 
Scotch  Coast,  Winter  Landscape,  On  Brienz 
Lake,  View  of  Bethlehem,  View  of  Jerusa- 
lem, Children  Playing  (1855)  ;  Pool  of  Be- 
thesda,  Nazareth,  Stormy  Sea,  On  the  Fish- 
Pond,  Under  the  Willows  (185G);  Moonlight, 
Sunset,  Tropical  Landscape,  North  Cape 
(1857);  Village  Scene,  Coast  with  Light- 
house (I860);  CaveatStafl'a(18(i5);  Benares 
on  the  Ganges,  Evening  in  Siam  (18(i(!); 
Holy  Lake  in  Bui'mah,  Moonlight  near  Ma- 
cao, Chinese  Fishermen  (18(57);  Sunlight  in 
Jersey,  Evening  in  Siam  (1868);  Surge  on 
Baltic  Sea,  Dover  Castle,  Marine  with  Fort 
Rouge,  Winter  Landscape,  Stettin  Museum  ; 
Coast  of  Normandy,  WinterLandscape  (1846), 
Sea-Shore  in  Evening  Light  (1855),  Castle 
Kronborg  near  Elsinorc  (1857),  National 
Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Moonrisc  in  Madeira,  Cor- 
coran Gallery,  Washington.  —  Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xii.  402  ;  Illustr.  Xeitg.  (18G8),  372  ; 
Bruno  Meyer,  Studien,  37(5 ;  Rosenberg, 
Berl.  Malersch.,  335  ;  Land  mid  Meer  (1869), 
i.  223  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  i.  25  ;  iv.  2(il,  33(i. 
HILDEBHANDT,  THEODOR,  born  in 
Stettin,  July  2,  1804, 
died  in  Diisseldorf, 
Sept.  2!),  1874.  His- 
tory, genre,  and  por- 
trait painter,  pupil 
from  1820  of  the 
Berlin  Academy,  and 
from  1823  under 
Schadow,  whom,  in 
182G,  he  accompa- 
nied to  Diisseldorf,  ' 
where  he  soon  became  celebrated,  and  was 
made  in  1832  assistant,  and  in  1836  profes- 
sor, at  the  Academy.  In  1829  with  Scha- 
dow, and  later,  he  repeatedly  visited  the 
Netherlands,  where  he  was  influenced  by  1 


the  realistic  school  of  Wappers  ;  went  in 
1830  to  Itary,  where,  as  later  in  Paris,  he 
studied  the  old  masters,  especially  of  the 
Dutch  school.  Member  of  the  Berlin  and 
Vienna  Academies.  Works :  Faust  and 
Mephistopheles  (1824);  Faust  and  Gretchen 
(1825);  Lear  and  Cordelia  (1826);  Romeo 
and  Juliet  (1827);  Tancred  and  Clorinda 
(1828);  Caution  against  the  Water-Sprite 
(1830);  Judith  and  Holofernes  (1830);  The 
Robber  (1829),  Warrior  and  Child  (1832), 
National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Story-teller  (1832); 
Sick  Senator  (1833);  Choir  Boys  in  Gothic 
Church  (1834);  Assassination  of  Sons  of 
Edward  IV.  (1836),  Raczynski  Gallery,  Ber- 
lin ;  Christmas  Eve  (1840);  Reception  of 
Cardinal  Wolscy  in  the  Monastery  (1842); 
Doge  and  Daughter  (1843),  Stettin  Muse- 
um ;  Judith  (1844);  Italian  Woman  (1845); 
Othello  (1847);  Lear  awakening  from  In- 
sanity (1851)  ;  Juliet  taking  the  Poison 
(1853);  Arthur  and  De  Burgh  (1855);  Cor- 
delia reading  the  Letter  to  Kent  (1859), 
Cliristiauia  Museum  ;  Copy  of  St.  Francis 
by  Rubens  (1850),  Diisseldorf  Academy ; 
Portrait  of  Artist's  Father,  Cologne  Muse- 
um ;  Cordelia  and  King  Lear,  Mrs.  A.  T. 
Stewart,  New  York  ;  Portraits  of  Princes 
Frederic,  Georg,  and 
Albrecht  of  Prussia,  of 
Count  Stolberg,  of 
Schadow  ;  do.  of  Wap- 
pers (1849),  Diisseldorf 
£;  0Gallery.  —Allgem.  d. 
]l  'OCtf  Biogr.,  xii.  405; 
C  Blanckarts,  75;  W. 

Miiller,  Diisseldorf  K.,  180 ;  Illustr.  Zeitg. 
(1874),  ii.  359  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  x.  39. 

HILGERS,  KARL,  born  in  Diisseldorf  in 
1818.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Diissel- 
dorf Academy ;  spent  some  time  in  Berlin 
and  studied  the  Dutch  and  French  masters  ; 
represents  nature,  especially  in  her  winter 
aspects,  often  with  architectural  accessories, 
with  much  skill.  Works:  Dutch  Cottages 
in  Winter  (1839);  View  near  Amsterdam 
(1840  and  1841);  WinterLandscape,  Chapel 
in  the  Snow  (1845);  Casemate  on  the  Dan- 


Z 


'82& 


ass 


HILL 


ube ;  Evening  Landscape  in  Hart/  Moun- 
tains ;  Dornburg  Citadel  ;  Drifting  of  Ice 
in  the  Rhine;  Winter  Landscape  (1847), 
do.  (1848),  do.  (1850),  Storm  in  the  Moun- 
tains (1840),  Fisherman's  Hut  (1850), 
Huntsmen  with  Dogs,  Fisherman  on  Shore, 
Ravene  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Convent  Yard  in 
Winter  by  Moonlight  (18(57).  Schwerin  Gal- 
lery.— Mailer,  258  ;  W.  Mailer,  Diisseldorf 
K.,"  340. 

HILL,  DAVID  OCTAVIUS,  born  in 
Perth,  Scotland,  in  1802,  died  in  Edin- 
burgh, May  17,  1870.  Landscape  paint- 
er, pupil  of  Andrew  Wilson  ;  was  in  18ISO 
one  of  the  foundation  members  of  the 
Royal  Scottish  Academy,  of  which  he  was 
secretary  until  October,  18(i'.l.  At  first 
painted  pictures  illustrative  of  Scottish 
peasant  life,  and  in  184:?  he  finished  a 
large  work  containing  470  portraits  -The 
Establishment  of  the  Free  Kirk,  which 
now  hangs  in  the  Presbytery  Hall  of  the 
Free  Church,  Edinburgh,  but  later  devot- 
ed himself  to  landscape.  Works  :  Edin- 
burgh from  Mons  Meg  (1852)  ;  Ruins  of 
Dunfermline  Palace  (1854);  Windsor  Cas- 
tle ;  Castle  of  Dunure  on  Ayrshire  Coast 
(18(51);  River  Tay  at  Evening  (18(52 ):  Vale 
of  the  Forth  (18(58)  ;  Lcith  Pier,  National 
Gallery,  Edinburgh. — Redgrave  ;  Art  Jour- 
nal (18(50). 

HILL,  THOMAS,  born  at  Birmingham, 
England,  in  1820. 
Landscape  painter, 
went,  to  America  in 
1841 ;  pupil  in  Paris 
of  Paul  Meyerheim, 
but  mostly  self- 
taught.  Profes- 
sional life  has  been 
passed  in  Philadel- 
phia, Boston,  and 
San  Francisco.  Works:  Home  of  the  Eagle, 
J.  A.  Faull  ;  Donner  Lake  (187(5),  Leland 
Stanford  ;  White  Mountain  Notch,  E.  Ham- 
lin,  Boston  ;  Great  Canon  of  the  Sierras, 
Yosemile  Valley,  Charles  Crocker,  San  Fran- 
cisco; Early  Morning — Yosemite,  I.  M.  Scott, 


ib. ;  What    is   It?   (1884);   Who   are   You? 
(188.-,). 

HILLE  BOBBE,  Frans  Hah,  Berlin  Mu- 
seum ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft.  0  in.  x  '2  ft.  1  in. 
The  witch  of  Haarlem,  half-length,  in  a 
white  cap,  sitting  by  a  table,  looking  at  an 
owl  perched  on  her  left  shoulder  ;  in  her 
right  hand  an  open  beer-mug.  Painted 
about  1(15(1;  from  Suermondt  Collection  in 
1*74.  Etched  by  Leo.  Flameng.  Same 
subject  (:!0  in.  •  2t.',  iii.  i.  Metropolitan 
Museum,  New  York,  from  Collection  of 


l-MIe  Bobbe,  Frans  Had,  Berlin  M  - 

Lord  Palm  erst  on  ;  (probably  by  Frans.  the 
younger)  engraved  by  Jules  .Jiicqiioinnrt. 
Another,  engraved  by  It.  V>.  Coders,  has  two 
hands  crossed  holding  a  string  attached  to 
the  owl.  Still  another,  in  Van  Reede  Col- 
lection, Utrecht,  formerly  in  Cremer  Collec- 
tion, ib..  is  a  free  repetition  by  V.  Hals,  the 
younger.  A  Laughing  Woman  by  Hals 
(about  1(545)  in  Lille  Museum,  is  errone- 
ously called  Hille  Bobbe. — /eitschr..  v.  7S  ; 
Gay.,  des  B.  Arts  (18(50),  i.  1(5-2  ;  (1872).  vi. 
47(5;  Bode,  Studien,  10:t. 

HILLEGAEHT  (Hilligaard),  PAl'WELS 
VAN",  died  in  Amsterdam  in  Feb.,  1(558. 
Dutch  school  ;  battle  painter,  shows  in  the 
landscape  part  of  his  pictures  the  influence 


25!) 


IIILLEMACI1EK 


of  Jan  van  Goyen.  Works  :  Disbanding  of 
Mercenaries  at  Utrecht  in  1018  (1027),  Am- 
sterdam Museum  ;  A  Surprisal,  Brunswick 
Museum. — Kramm,  iii.  092  ;  Riegel,  Bei- 
trage,  ii.  424. 

HILLEMACHER,  EUGENE  ERNEST, 
born  in  Paris,  Oct.  13,  1818.  History 
painter,  pupil  of  Cogniet.  Fond  of  paint- 
ing episodes  in  the  lives  of  famous  men. 
Medals:  2d  class,  1848,  1857;  1st  class, 
1801,  1803;  L.  of  Honour,  18(55.  Works: 
Death  of  St.  Sebastian  (1842);  Magdalen  at 
the  Sepulchre  (1845);  Old  Woman  and 
Children  (1847)  ;  Neapolitan  Fishermen, 
Confessional  (1848);  Chess  Players  under 
Louis  XIII.  (1840),  Rouen  Museum  ;  Satyr 
(1850);  Siege  of  Rouen  in  1418  (1852): 
Journey  of  Vert-Vert  (18515),  In  night  by 
Empress  ;  Rubens  painting  his  Wife's  Por- 
trait, Confessional  at  St.  Peter's  (1855), 
Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Two  Scholars  of 
Salamanca,  Whist  Party  (1857);  Jupiter  in 
Infancy,  Moliere  consulting  his  Maid,  Boi- 
leau  and  his  Gardener  (1851));  Offering  a 
Taper  to  the  Virgin  in  St.  Laurent  in  Paris, 
Cinq-Mars  presenting  Poussin  to  Louis  XIII. 
(1H(!1),  Society  of  Arts,  Lyons;  Gutenberg 
and  Faust,  James  Watt,  Post-Office  in  its 
Infancy,  Soap-Bubbles  (18(!1);  Napoleon  I. 
with  Goethe  and  Wieland  (18(i3);  Death  of 
Mark  Antony  (1803).  Grenoble  Museum  : 
The  Two  Corneilles  (1803);  Philip  IV.  and 
Velasquez,  Don  Juan  (1804);  Psyche  in  the 
Lower  World,  The  Bibliomaniac  (1805)  ; 
Margaret  of  Anjou  and  the  Robber,  Inde- 
cision (1800)  ;  Little  John  de  Saintre  and 
Lady  with  the  Fair  Cousins  (1808);  Aris- 
tides  and  the  Peasant  (180!l);  Brother  Phil- 
ip's Geese  (1870);  Latona,  Three  Friends 
(1872)  ;  The  Burgher  Gentleman  and  his 
Professors  (1873)  ;  Turenne  Asleep  on  a 
(inn-Carriage,  The  Marriage-Box  (1874)  ; 
Beauty  Asleep  in  the  Woods  (1875);  Entry 
of  the  Turks  into  Church  of  St.  Sophia  in 
1453  (1870);  Archimedes,  Phidias  (1877); 
Giuliano  de'  Medici  (1878)  ;  Astolfo  and 
Jocunda  consulting  Fiammetta,  Piccolo 
Moneta  (1879);  Tarpeia  (1880);  The  Broth- 


ers de  Witt  (1881);  Edward  Jenner  experi- 
menting, Lisabetta  of  Messina  (1884);  ^Eneas 
and  Dido  (1885).— Bellier,  i.  700  ;  Meyer, 
Gesch.,  001. 

HILLIARD,  NICHOLAS,  born  at  Exeter 
in  1547,  died  in  London,  Jan.  0,  1019.  Was 
goldsmith,  carver,  and  portrait  painter  to 
Queen  Elizabeth  and  to  James  I.,  who  gave 
him  for  twelve  years  the  exclusive  privilege 
"to  mint,  make,  grave,  and  imprint  any 
pictures  of  our  image  or  our  royal  family." 
He  painted  portraits  of  Elizabeth,  of  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots,  and  of  other  notable  per- 
sonages, and  was  the  first  English  native 
artist  of  importance  whose  contemporary 
reputation  has  been  maintained.  Hilliard 
was  especially  noted  for  his  miniatures,  of 
which  that  of  Jane  Seymour  in  the  Royal 
Library  at  Windsor  is  one  of  the  best.  The 
influence  of  Holbein  is  traceable  in  his  works. 
His  son,  Lawrence  Hilliard,  who  was  living 
in  1034,  was  also  a  miniature  painter,  and 
enjoyed  the  exclusive  patent  granted  to  his 
father  till  its  term  expired.  Work,  Portrait 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  National  Portrait  Gal- 
lery. Wilmot-Buxton,  22  ;  Redgrave  ;  Wai- 
pole,  Anecdotes. 

HILLIARD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  born 
at  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  in  1830.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Lambinet  in  Paris,  sketched 
in  England  and  Scotland.  Painted  in  the 
West  before  studying  in  Europe  ;  has  since 
lived  in  New  York  and  Boston.  Studio  in 
Paris,  1880-84.  Works:  Battle-Field  of 
Lookout  Mountain  ;  Alatoona  Pass  — 
Georgia  ;  Castle  Rock  ;  Campton  Meadows  ; 
Wind  against  Tide  (1878);  View  near  Sark 
—Maine  (1879);  In  the  Forest,  Cernay-la- 
Ville  near  Paris,  Canal  Boats  near  Mont- 
court—France  (1880);  Twilight  (1882);  At 
Pont  A ven,  Cottage  at  Pan — France,  Un 
Marais  dans  les  Landes  (1883);  Windmill 
near  Giesen — Holland  (1884). 

HILLINGFORD,  ROBERT  ALEXAN- 
DER, born  in  England  in  1828.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  in  1841-45  of  the  Dilsseldorf 
Academy  ;  studied  in  Munich,  Rome,  and 
Florence,  and  returned  to  England  in  1804. 


260 


HILLS 

Honorary  member  of  St.  Petersburg  Acad- '  Greek  Painting  (1840-50),  St.  Petersburg 

emy.     Works  :    Petruchio    (1800)  ;    Before  Museum ;     Herodotus     ut     the     Olviiipian 

the  Tournament  (18(i8) ;  The  Armourer  ami  Games,  Emperor  Augustus  as  Protector  of 

the  Glee  Maiden  (1872);  Munchausen  (1873);  Arts,    Maximilianeum,    Munich.  —  Nagler, 

Wanderiugsof  Charles  Edward  Stuart  (1874.);  Mon..  ii.  1057  ;  Rcber-Peeht,  ii.  57. 
Manager's    Troubles    (1875);    Incident    in        HILTON.   WILLIAM,    born  at  Lincoln, 

Early  Life  of  Louis  XFV.  (1877) ;   Summons  June    :),    1781!,    died    in    London,   Dec.   IUI, 

from  the  Invisible  Judges  (18711)  ;  Ich  Uien  !«:{'.).     Sou   and  pupil   of   William   Hilton, 

(1881);    Last    D.iys    of    Sir    Philip    Sidney  portrait   painter   (died    1822);  also  studied 

(1882);  The    Duke's    Musicians  (1881!)  ;  In  with    Raphael    Smith,    mcx/.otint    engraver, 

Presence  (1884).  ami  in    1800   in  school  of  Royal  Academy. 

HILLS,  ROBERT,  born  at  Islington,  Became  an  exhibitor  in  lS(i:i,  A.R.A.  in  1M:1, 
June  20,  1709,  died  in  London,  May  14,  R.A.  in  isl'.i,  and  keeper  in  lsi'7.  He  won 
1844.  Animal  and  landscape  painter,  pupil  distinction  as  a  subject  painter,  his  works 
of  Gressc  ;  first  exhibited  at  the  Royal  Acad-  being  marked  by  retined  taste  in  design, 
einy  in  1791,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  and  bv  rich  and  harmonious  colon  rim.', 
of  the  Society  of  Painters  in  Water  Colours  though  they  have  much  depreciated,  owing 
in  1804,  subsequently  its  secretary;  some-  to  the  excessive  use  of  asphaltum.  Though 
times  worked  conjointly  with  Robson  and  his  skill  was  recogni/.ed  by  the  profession, 
Barret.  Works:  Deer  in  a  Landscape,  his  art,  was  not  popular,  and  want  of  en- 
Broken  Plough  (1804),  Landscape  with  couragement  weighed  heavily  upon  him. 
Cattle  (1807),  Ox  Team  (1810),  Wild  Boars  Works:  Serena  rescued  by  Sir  Calcpinc 
in  a  Wood  (1820),  Stags  in  Knole  Park  (Faerie  Queen,  vi.  8;  18:51),  Edith  discov- 
(1827),  Cows  and  Sheep,  South  Kensington  ering  the  Dead  Body  of  Harold  (18:54),  Cu- 
Museum. — Redgrave,  211.  pid  Disarmed  (iK-j.Si,  Meeting  of  Abraham's 

KILTENSPERGER,  JOHANN  GEORG,  Servant  wiih  Rebecca  (1838),  National  Gal- 

born  at  Haldenwang,  Bavaria,  Feb.  2'2, 1800.  lery,  London  ;  Rape  of  Ganymeile  (bsis), 

History  painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy  Christ  crowned  with  Thorns   (1825),  Royal 

under  Peter  von  Lauger,  then  of  Diisseldorf  Academy,  ib. ;  Venus  seeking  Cupid  at   the 

Academy  under  Cornelius,   with    whom,   in  Bath  of  Diana,  Sir   Richard  Wallace  ;  Rape 

1825,  he  returned  to  Munich.      King  Louis  of  Europa  (181S),  Earl  of  Egremont  ;  Cruci- 

soon  after  sent  him  to  Naples  and  Pompeii,  fixion  (1827),  Liverpool  Institution  ;  Trium- 

to  study  antique  painting,  and  after  his  re-  phal    Entrv    of    Duke    of    Wellington    into 

turn  he  executed  a  large  number  of  deeo-  Madrid;  Portrait    of    Keats.   National   1'or- 

rative  works  in  the  Konigsbau.     In  1840-50  trait   Gallery,    London. — Redgrave;   F.   de 

he  painted  a  cycle  of  pictures  in  the  St.  Pe-  Conches,  4:50;  Ch.   Blanc,    Kcole  anglaise  ; 

tersburg  Museum,  became  professor  at  the  Sandby,  i.  U02. 

Munich  Academy  in  1851,  and  afterwards        HILVERDINK,    JOHANNES,    born    at 

received  extensive  orders  for  the  decoration  Gri'mingen,  Jan.  28,  181:5.     Landscape  ami 

of  the  Maximilianeum.     Works  :  Duke  Al-  marine  painter,  pupil  of  Daiwaille,  and  of 

brecht  refusing  Crown  of  Bohemia,  Arcade  Amsterdam  Academy  under  Pieneman,  vis 

of   Royal   Garden,    Munich;    twenty-seven  ited  Belgium,  Germany,  and  the  coasts  of 

Scenes    from    Comedies    of    Aristophanes,  the  Mediterranean,  won  several  medals  with 

Scenes  from  Hesiod's  Poems,  Illustrations  his  marines,  and  became  member  of  Amster- 

to   Homer's   Hymns,    Cycle   from   Ulysses,  dam  Academy  in  1852.     Works  :  Coast  of 

Konigsbau,  Munich  ;  Pegasus  and  the  Hours,  England,    Pavilion,    Haarlem;    Calm    Sea, 

Apollo  and  the  Muses,  Royal  Theatre,  Mu-  Museum    Fedor,    Amsterdam;    After    the 

nich  ;    eighty-six   Scenes   from   History   of  |  Storm  ;  The  Y  near  Zeeburg,     His  son  and 


IIIXCKLEY 


pupil,  Ednnrd  Alexanclor  (born  at  Amster- 
dam, May  12,  1840),  paints  landscapes  and 
city  views. — Immerzeel,  ii.  40  ;  Miiller,  259. 
HINCKLEY,  THOMAS  HEWES,  born  in 
Milton,  Mass..  in  1813.  Animal  painter, 
jmpil  during  one  winter  of  an  evening  school 
in  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  taught  per- 
spective by  Mason.  Painted  portraits  and 
landscapes  in  Boston  until  1843,  when  he 
turned  his  attention  to  animal  painting. 
Visited  Europe  in  1851  to  study  Landseer 
in  England,  and  the  Flemish  painters.  His  ' 
pictures  are  in  many  private  collections  in 
the  United  States  ;  he  rarely  exhibits. 
HI1TOCENTAUH,  picture.  See  Zen.ri*. 
HIPPYS  (Hippcus),  painter,  date  un- 
known. Pliny  (xxxv.  40  [138])  mentions 
his  picture  of  Neptune  and  Victory,  and 
Athenians  (\\.  p.  474  n.)  that  of  the  Wedding 
of  Peivithoiis. 

HIKE  (Hyre),  LAURENT  DE  LA,  born 
in  Paris,  Feb. 
27,  1000,  died 
there,  Dec.  29, 
1050.  French 
school ;  history 
painter,  son  and 
pupil  of  Etienne 
do  la  H.,  then 
of  Lallemand 
at  Fon tain e- 
blcau,  where  he 

studied  also  the  works  of  that  school. 
Painted  many  finely-executed  pictures,  some 
of  which  have  been  copied  in  tapestry  or  en- 
graved. One  of  the  twelve  founders  of  the 
French  Academy  of  Painting  (1048),  and 
professor  in  1048-51.  Works:  Laban  look- 
ing for  his  Idols  (1047),  Madonna  (1C42), 
Jesus  appearing  to  Three  Marys,  St.  Peter 
healing  the  Sick  with  his  Shadow  (1035),  A 
Sketch  of  the  preceding,  Pope  Nicholas  V. 
opening  Tomb  of  St.  Francis  of  Assisi  (1C30), 
Landscapes  (3),  Louvre,  Paris  ;  Assumption 
(in  Vienna) ;  Descent  from  Cross,  Nativity, 
Adoration  of  Shepherds,  Education  of  the 
Virgin,  Portrait  of  a  Nun,  Rouen  Museum  ; 
Mercury  and  Herse,  Epiual  Museum  ;  The 


Trinity,  Lyons  Museum  ;  Repose  of  Holy 
Family  (2),  Palm  Sunday,  Nantes  Museum  ; 
Disciples  at  Emmaus,  Portico  with  Figures, 
Rennes  Museum  ;  Christ  appearing  to  Mag- 
dalen, The  Breaking  of  Bread,  Grenoble 
Museum  ;  Judgment  of  Paris,  Dijon  Muse- 
um ;  Vision  of  St.  Francis,  Strasburg  Muse- 
um ;  Ruins  of  a  Temple,  Valenciennes  Mu- 
seum ;  Finding  of  Moses,  Landscape, 
Montpellier  Museum  ;  Rebecca  and  Laban, 
Lord  Forester's  Collection  ;  Repose  in 
Egypt,  Gallon  Collection  ;  Conversion  of  St. 
Paul  (1037)  ;  Theseus  seizing  the  Arms  of 
his  Father  /Egeus,  Perseus  rescuing  Andro- 
meda, Palais  Royal  ;  Madonna,  Carlsruhe 
Gallery  ;  Infancy  of  Bacchus,  Abraham  start- 
ing for  the  Promised  Land,  Hermitage,  St. 
Petersburg.— Bellier,  i.  881  ;  Ch.  Blanc, 
tfcolc  fran<;aise  ;  Lejeune,  Guide,  i.  101 ; 
Larousse  ;  Mi'moires  im'dits,  i.  104. 

HIRSCHELY,  KASPAR,  born  in  Prague 
about  1701,  died  there  in  1745.  German 
school  ;  landscape,  animal,  and  still-life 
painter,  pupil  of  Angcrmayer ;  endowed 
with  an  unusual  talent  for  imitation,  he  often 
finished  and  sold  pictures,  painted  after  his 
master's  sketches.  Works :  Flower-pieces 
(2)  (1741),  Thistles  with  Birds  (2),  Schleiss- 
heini  Gallery  ;  others  in  private  collections 
in  Prague. — Wurzbach,  ix.  53. 

HIRT,  WILHELM  FRIEDRICH,  born 
in  Frankfort  in  1721,  died  there  in  1772. 
German  school ;  landscape  and  animal 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Friedrich  Christoph 
Hirt  (1085-1703,  landscape  and  portrait 
painter),  whom  he  surpassed  in  colouring  ; 
in  1757  became  court-painter  to  the  Duke 
of  Saxe-Meiuingen,  after  whose  death  he 
skelched  extensively  from  nature  on  a  tour 
through  Switzerland  ;  painted  cattle  espe- 
cially well,  and  often  supplied  them  in  the 
pictures  of  Christian  Georg  Schiitz.  Works  : 
Wood  Landscapes  (2)  (1750),  Landscapes 
with  Herds  and  Figures  (2)  (1708),  Stadel 
Gallery,  Frankfort ;  Landscape  with  Fisher- 
men (1754),  Gotha  Museum ;  Landscape 
with  Herd,  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  do.  (2), 
Cassel  Gallery  ;  do.,  Mannheim  Gallery. 


SOS 


IMAI.TAI.IX 


HJALTALIN,   DORSTEIX  ILLIA,  bom 

in  Iceland  in  1771,  died  at  Brunswick  in 
1817.  German  school  ;  landscape  painter, 
pupil  at  Salzdahluru,  Brunswick,  of  Joliann 
Friedrich  Weitsch,  whom  he  even  surpassed 
in  the  treatment  of  trees.  Ho  was  the  six- 
teenth son  of  his  parents,  was  shipwrecked  in 
Denmark,  and  wandered  under  great  priva- 
tions to  Poland,  and  thence  to  Brunswick. 
Studied  diligently  the  famous  works  in  the 
Salzdahlum  Gallery,  and  in  1802  visited 
Dresden,  where  he  painted  two  landscapes 
in  the  manner  of  Ruisdael  that  excited  the 
admiration  of  connoisseurs. — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xii.  i(8I}. 

HLAVACEK,  ANTON,  born  in  Vienna  in 
184'2.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna 
Academy  under  Steinfeld  and  Albert  Xiiu- 
luermann  ;  made  a  study  trip  to  the  Bava- 
rian Alps  in  18i;:i,  then  went  to  Worms, 
whence  ho  visited  the  banks  of  the  Rhine 
and  the  Odenwald.  Works  :  From  Environs 
of  Vienna  (185'J) ;  View  near  Gastein  (18(10); 
Mountain  Landscape  (IStil)  ;  View  near 
Salzburg  (18(i'2)  ;  Morning  on  Hintersee 
(18(il{)  ;  View  of  Worms  from  Meerstiidt 
Height;  Lindent'els  in  the  Odenwald;  De- 
parture of  Burgrave  of  Rodenstein  from 
Burg  Schnellerts  ;  Morning  in  Rhenish  Pa- 
latinate, Vienna  Museum  ;  Konigsee  (I8(i!)); 
The  Imperial  City  on  the  Danube  (1884). — 
Allgem.  K.  Ch.,  ix.  147  ;  Kunst-Chronik, 
xx.  2G9,  4'.).",. 

HOBBEMA,  MEYNDERT  (Minderhout  I, 
born  at  Koeverden  or  at  Amsterdam  (?)  in 
1(!38,  died  at  Amsterdam,  buried  Dec.  14, 
1701).  Dutch  school ;  landscape  painter, 
formed  himself  under  the  influence  of 
Jacob  van  Ruisdael.  Much  neglected  in 
his  life-time,  and  little  esteemed,  this  paint- 
er now  takes  rank  as  one  of  the  greatest 
masters  of  landscape  art,  thanks  to  the  initi- 
ative of  England,  where  nine-tenths  of  his 
works  are  to  be  found.  With  less  inventive 
genius  and  less  poetic  feeling  than  Ruisdael, 
Hobbema  surpassed  him  in  truth  to  atmos- 
pheric effect,  in  tone,  and  in  brilliancy  of 
colour.  These  qualities  give  a  magical 


beauty  to  the  generallv  prosaic  scenes  which 
he  habitually  treated.  Some  of  his  land- 
scapes are  enlivened  with  figures  by  Pieter 
Bouts,  Adrian  van  tier  Velde,  BtTgheiii,  Lin- 
gclbach,  Storck,  Helt-Stokade,  B.  Gael,  and 
Helmbreker.  Works :  Showery  Weather, 
Avenue  at  Middolharnis,  Ruins  of  Brederode 
Castle  (ICIu),  Village  with  Water-Mills. 
Forest  Scene,  Woody  Landscape,  Castle  in 
Rocky  Landscape,  National  Gallery,  Lon- 
don ;  landscapes  in  Buckingham  Palace  (K), 
Bridgewater  ('!),  Dulwich  I'Jl,  and  Gros- 
venor  (2)  Galleries,  Hertford  House,  Baring, 
Dudley,  Wynn  Ellis,  Holfonl.  Lord  Over- 
stone's  Collections,  ih.  ;  (ilasgow  Gallery 
(.">)  ;  National  Gallery,  Edinburgh  (2);  Lou- 
vre, Paris;  Museums  cf  Iwmlr.-uiv,  Antwerp, 
Brussels  (llili'i),  Amsterdam  (:!),  Rotterdam 
(2),  Berlin,  Darmsta.lt  (Kll'.l),  Dresden  (2), 
Gotha,  K«"niigsberg,  Leipsic  (?),  Stuttgart 


(•->,  Vienna,  New  York;  Stiidol  Gallery, 
Frankfort  (2);  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg;  <  >ld 
1'inakothek,  Munich  ;  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg (!(!<>:!)  ;  Historical  Society,  New  York 
(2).- — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xii.  .'>!(>;  Dohmc, 


lii.;  Ga/.  desB.  Arts  (1S.V.I),  iv.  28;  (ISIU), 
xvi.  214;  limner/eel,  ii.  41  ;  Kramm,  iii. 
li!t:i  ;  vii.  77  ;  Kugler  (Crowe),  ii.  47">  ; 
Richter,  7(i. 

HODGSON,  -JOHN  EVAN,  born  in  Lon- 
don, March  1,  1S:U.  Subject  i)ainter,  stu- 
dent in  1855  of  the  Royal  Academy,  where 
he  first  exhibited  in  18.">(i.  Painted  at  first 
domestic  subjects,  then  historical  pictures 
from  1801  to  18(i5  ;  and,  after  a  visit  to 
North  Africa,  subjects  of  Moorish  life,  to 
which  he  has  since  mostly  confined  his  ef- 
forts. Became  an  A.R.A.  in  1873  and  H.A. 


4G3 


HOECGEEST 

in    1879.      Works :     Arrest    of   ;i   Poacher  nmnn  ;  settled  in  Munich  in  1780,  acquired 

(1857);  Canvassing  for  a  Vote  (1858);  IV  reputation  through  historical  paintings,  and 

triot    Wife     (1859) ;  j  was    made    court-painter    to    the    Elector 

Sir   Thomas  More's  Charles  Theodor,  after  whose  death  in  1800 

Daughter    in    Hoi-  he  settled  at  Vienna,  where  also  he  became 

bein's  Studio  (1801);  court-painter  in  1802.     Works:  Meeting  of 

Return  of  Sir  Fran-  Charles  Theodor  and   Emperor  Francis  in 

cis  Drake  from  Cadiz  Munich    (1793);    Coronation    of    Emperor 

(1802);   First  Sight  Francis,  Banquet  in  the  Homer  at  Frankfort 

of    the     Armada  (1801),  Wedding  of  Emperor  Francis,  Wed- 

(1803);  Queen  Eli/.a-  ding  Banquet,  Laxenburg  Palace;  Suit  of 

both    at    Pur  fleet  Prince  Berthier  for  the  Hand  of  Marie  Lou- 

(1804);    Taking  ise,  Marriage  of  Marie  Louise,  Harrach  Gnl- 

Home  the  Bride  (1805) ;  Jewess  accused  of  lery,    Vienna;    Old   Peasant,   Old  Woman, 

Witchcraft  (1800);  Even  Song  (1807);  Ho-  Vienna   Museum. — Allgem.    d.   Biogr.,    xii. 

man  Trireme  at  Sea  (1808)  ;  Arab   Story-  522  ;  Wurzbacb,  ix.  89. 

Teller  (1809)  ;  Pasha's  Black  Guards  (1870);  HOECHLE  (Hechle),   JOHANN  NEPO- 

Snakc  Charmer  (1872);   Barber's    Simp    in  MUK,  born  in  Munich  in  1790,  died  in  Vi- 

Tunis  (1875)  ;  Relatives  in  Bond  (1877);  The  enna,  Dec.  12,  1835.     History  painter,  pupil 

Pasha  (1878)  :  Bound  for  the  Black  Sea —  of  Munich  Academy  under  Kobell,  and  of 

1854    (1881);    Painter   and    Critic    (1882)  ;  Vienna   Academy    under  Fiiger   and  Dies. 

Egypt  (1882)  ;    The  Water  Dance  (1883) ;  In  1815   went  to  Paris  with   the  Austrian 

Flat  Perjury,  There  Nelson  Fell,  The  Drowsy  Emperor,  and  in  1819  to  Rome  and  Naples. 

East,  Gate  of  the  Sea,  Church  Afloat  (1884);  In   1833  he  succeeded  his  father,  Johann 

Don  Quixote  and  the  Galley  Slaves  (1885).  Baptist,  as  court-painter  at  Vienna.    Works: 

— Portfolio  (1871),  18.  j  Battle  at  Aspern,  The  Allied  Armies  cross- 

HOECGEEST.    C.    (Cornells?),    born    at  ing  the  Vosges,   Vienna  Museum;  Rudolf 

The    Hague,     flourished    about    1010-51.  von  Hapsburg  and  the  Priest ;  Battle-Pieces, 

Dutch  school ;  architecture  painter,  perhaps  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  Vienna. — Allgem.  d. 

son  of  the  portrait  painter  Joachim  H.,  at  Biogr.,  xii.  523  ;  Wurzbach,  ix.  90. 

The  Hague,  who  entered  the  guild  there  in  '      HOECKE,  JAN  VAN  DEN,  born  in  Ant- 

1010  ;  painted  chiefly  interiors  of  churches  werp,  baptized  Aug.  4,  Kill,  died  there  in 

with  a  masterly  brush.     Works:  Interior  of  1051.     Flemish  school  ;  history  and  portrait 

New  Church  in  Delft,  Interior  of  Protestant  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Kasper  van  den 

Church,  Antwerp  Museum  ;  Interior  of  New  Hoecke   (master  of  Antwerp  guild,    1003), 

Church  in  Delft  (1050),  Monument  of  Will-  then  pupil  of  Rubens.     He  visited  Italy,  and 

iain    of    Orange    in    same    Church    (1051),  on  his  return  executed  many  works  for  the 

Hague  Museum  ;  Choir  in  Delft  Cathedral  court   at   Vienna.     Settled   in  Antwerp   as 

(1055),  Interior  of  Flemish  Church,  Copen-  court-painter  to  Archduke  Leopold  William 

liageii  Gallery  ;  Interior  of  Basilica,  Olden-  in  1047.     Good  draughtsman  and  pleasing 


burg  Gallery  ;  Church  Interior,  Hermitage, 


colourist.     Works  :  St.  Francis  adoring  the 


St.  Petersburg. — Immerzeel,  ii.  43  ;  Kramm,  Child,  Museum,  Antwerp;  Holy  Family,  St. 

iii.  099.  Willebrordus   Church,  ib. ;    Christ   bearing 

HOECHLE,  JOHANN   BAPTIST,   born  the  Cross,  Entombment,  Notre-Dame,  Mech- 

at  Klingenau,   Switzerland,   Oct.  19,  1754,  '  lin  ;  Entombment,  St.  John's,  ib.;  do.,  St. 

died   in   Vienna,    Jan.    1,    1832.      History,  Quentin's,  Louvaiu  ;  Christ  on  the  Cross,  St. 

genre,   and   portrait   painter,   pupil   at  St.  Salvator's,  Bruges ;  do.,  Dunkirk  Museum  ; 

Blasien  of  Morat,  and  in  Augsburg  of  Hart-  Martyrdom  of  St.  Mary  of  Cordova,  Dijon 

364 


HOKCKE 


Museum;  Resurrection,  Schleissheim  Gal- 
lery ;  Madonna  and  Angels,  Allegory  on 
Transitoriness,  January  and  February,  July 
and  August,  September  and  October,  Day 
and  Night,  Archduke  Leopold  William  in 
Prayer,  do.  on  Horseback,  Museum,  Vienna  ; 
Samson  and  Delilah,  Massacre  of  the  Inno- 
cents, Cimou  and  Pera,  Liechtenstein  Gal- 
lery, ib.— 
All  ye  in.  d. 


549;    C  h  . 

Blanc,  Ecole 

rtamande;  Cat.  du  Musee  d'Anvers  (1874). 

429  ;   Immerx.eel,   ii.   42  ;   Kramni,   iii.   699  ; 

Michiels,    viii.    97 ;    Rooses    (Reber),    317  ; 

Van  den  Branden,  794. 

HOECKE,  ROBRECHT  VAN  DEN,  born 
in  Antwerp,  Nov.  30,  1622,  died  after  1695. 
Flemish  school  ;  genre,  landscape,  and  bat- 
tle painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Kasper,  and 
half-brother  of  Jan  ;  master  of  the  guild  in 
1645.  His  style  was  evidently  influenced 
by  Teniers  the  younger,  and  his  pictures 
are  admired  for  great  delicacy  of  tone, 
splendid  colouring,  and  richness  of  compo- 
sition. While  controller  of  the  fortifications 
of  Flanders  he  painted  many  military  camps 
and  scenes,  executing  the  figures  on  a  small 
scale  and  with  great  minuteness.  Works  : 
Skating  in  Town-moat  at  Brussels  (1649), 
View  of  Ostend,  Military  Camps  (3),  March 
of  Troops,  Halt  of  Travellers  by  an  Inn, 
Flemish  Store-room  (1695),  Nocturnal  Con- 
flagration, Vienna  Museum  ;  Military  Camp 
(1665),  Dunkirk  Museum.  —  Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xii.  549  ;  Immerzeel,  ii.  43  ;  Kramni, 
iii.  700  ;  Van  den  Branden,  797. 

HOECKERT,  JOHANX  FREDRIK,  born 
at  Jonkoping,  Aug.  26, 1826,  died  inGi>teburg, 
Sept.  16,  I860.  Genre  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Stockholm  Academy  under  Boklund, 
with  whom  he  went  to  Munich  in  1846. 
After  his  return  (1849)  he  visited  Lapland, 
went  in  1853  to  Paris,  where  he  allied  him- 
self with  Max  Hess,  travelled  in  1857  through 
Holland,  Belgium,  and  England,  in  1858 
made  studies  in  Dalecarlia,  and  in  1861  vis- 


ited  Spain,  Italy,  and  North  Africa.  Medals 
in  1857,  18(i(! ;  Orders  of  Wasa  and  North 
Star.  Works:  Bandits  (184(5);  Queen  Chris- 
tina ordering  Execution  of  Monaldeschi 
(1853);  Divine  Service  in  Lapland  Chapel 
(1855);  Return  from  Chase  in  Lapland  ; 
Interior  of  Lapland  Hut  (1S57),  Lapland 
Wedding  (1858),  Stockholm  Museum  ;  Res- 
cue of  Gustavus  Viisa  (1858);  Peasant  Wo- 
man at  the  Hearth  (186-2);  Portraits  of  Bey 
of  Tunis  (18<!1),  and  Charles  XV.;  Burning 
of  Palace  in  Stockholm  in  Ki'.l"  ;  Bellman 
in  Sergell's  Studio  ;  Dead  Bodv  of  Charles 
XL— Tailor. 

HOEFEL,  JOHANN  NEPOMTK,  born 
in  I'esth  in  17S(i,  died  in  Vienna  in  Feb., 
1864.  History  and  portrait  painter,  pupil 
of  KralVt  and  of  Vienna  Academy,  where  he 
won  the  great  pri/e  in  1S11  ;  visited  Italy 
in  181S,  and  after  his  return  painted  many 
altarpieces  for  churches  in  Austria  and  Hun- 
gary. Works:  .Egeus  recognizing  Theseus 
by  his  Sword  (ISlli;  Sons  of  Diagoras  as 
Victors  at  Olympia  ( 18-20);  Scries  of  T  went  v- 
Four  Figures  for  Imperial  Palace;  Poll  rait 
of  Ladislaus  Pyrker. — Wurzbach,  i\.  H7  ; 
Hormayr,  Archiv.,  6'23. 

HOEFNAGEL,  JOHIS,  born  at  Antwerp 
in  1545,  died  in  Vienna  after  Kil8.  Flem- 
ish school  ;  genre,  landscape,  portrait,  and 
miniature  painter,  mostly  self-taught,  but 
for  a  time  pupil  at  Mechlin  of  Jan  Bol,  after 
having  travelled  through  France  and  Spain 
in  1563-65,  where  lie  made  many  drawings 
of  notable  objects.  Returned  to  Antwerp, 
and  uniting  with  his  art  the  business  of  a 
jewel  dealer,  he  and  his  father  were  pillaged 
of  everything  on  the  invasion  by  the  Span- 
iards in  1576,  and  went  to  Augsburg,  thence 
to  Munich,  where,  after  a  visit  to  Italy,  he 
spent  eight  years,  patronized  by  the  elector; 
visited  England  about  158'2  ;  worked  tem- 
porarily for  the  Archduke  Ferdinand  at 
Innsbruck,  then  entered  the  service  of  Em- 
peror Rudolph  at  Prague,  for  whom  he  illus- 
trated four  books  on  natural  history,  and 
finally  settled  at  Vienna.  Works  :  Minia- 
ture View  of  Seville  (1573,  masterpiece), 


UOEGG 

Bni-gimdiiin     Library,    Brussels  ;     Roman  nicl,  Aug.  22,  1648,   died    at   The   Hague, 

Missal  (1582-90),  Imperial  Library,  Vienna.  Dec.  2, 1733.    Dutch  school ;  history  painter, 

His  son  Jacobus,  born  at  Frankfort  in  1575,  son  and  pupil  of  the  glass  painter  Moses 

became  court-painter  to  the  Emperor  Ru-  Hoet,  then  pupil  of  Warnard  van  Rysen  and 

dolph  in  1607.     In  the  museum  at  Valencia  of  Poelenburg  ;  went  to  The  Hague  in  1672, 

there  is  a  fine  water-colour  drawing  by  him  :  travelled  in  Holland  and  France,  and  settled 

Samson   slaying   the   Philistines    (1600). —  in  Utrecht,  where,  with  H.  Schook,  he  found- 

I'Ytis,  Les  artistes  beiges  a  IV-tranger,  i.  85  ;  ed  a  school  of  painting  ;  returned  to  The 

Michiels,  vi.  239  ;  Xagler,  Hon.,  iii.  564.  Hague  when  sixty,  and  there  painted  in  a 

HOEGG,  JOSEF,   bom    in  Coblentz  in  hall  the  Seven  Christian  Virtues.     Works  : 

18-26.     Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Landscapes  with  Figures  (2),  Marriage  of 

Academy,  paints  chiefly  mournful  subjects.  Alexander   and    Iloxana,   Homage    to  Alex- 

"\Vorks :  Farewell  of  Emigrant  Wine-Grow-  auder,  Family  Scene,  Amsterdam  Museum  ; 

ers  (1846)  ;  At  Mother's  Coffin  (1847);  Boy  Pyramus  and  Thisbe,  Rotterdam  Museum  ; 

reading  Letter  (1848);  Blind  Grandmother,  (,)ueen  of  Sheba  before  Solomon,  Pyramus 

Iteturn  from  Cemetery  (1849);  Grandfather  and  Thisbe,  Cassel  Gallery  ;  Death  of  Dido, 

and    Grandchildren    (1850)  ;    Blind    Man  Alcestis  at  Death-bed  of  Admetus,  Copen- 

(1852). — Wiegmann,  327.  hagen   Gallery  ;  Woman    and  Children  by 

HOEEBERG,  PEHR,  born  at  Oefra-Oe,  Ruined    Wall    (1667),    Dresden    Museum; 

Smaland,  Jan.   31,   174(1,  died  at  Oelstorp,  Samson   and   Delilah,    Solomon's   Idolatry, 

East    Gothland,    Jan.    24,    1816.       History  Leipsic   Museum  ;    JEneas   and  Dido,   An- 

paintcr,  self-taught  peasant.     While  serving  tony   and    Cleopatra,    "Ulysses    recognizing 

as  a  shepherd  (1783)  he  frequented  the  Stock-  Achilles,  The  Wooers  Feasting,  Male  Por- 

holm  Academy,  and   obtained    two   prizes,  trait,  Schlcisshcim  Gallery  ;  Moses  striking 

Made  member  of  the  Academy  and  court-  f*  m       .  the    Rock,    Vi- 

painter   in    1797,  and   received    a   pension  I  l~     I  _    ,~  "r       cnna  Museum ; 

from  Charles  XIV.  in  1812.     Over  six  him-  \**   *      '       *  O  *->  ^  '  Callisto's Guilt, 

dred  paintings  by  him  are  known,  among  Glasgow  Gallery  ;  Adoration   of  the  Magi, 

which   are    eighty-seven   altarpieces.       His  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg. — Immerzeel,  ii. 

best  fresco  paintings  are  the  Combats  of  44  ;  Kramm,  iii.  705. 

Titans  at  Castle  Finsp:ing.  He  was  an  ac-  HOFF,  JAKOB,  born  in  Frankfort  in 
complished  musician,  and  invented  a  new  1838.  Genre  painter,  pupil  at  Frankfort  of 
kind  of  violin  ;  his  musical  compositions  are  the  sculptor  Zwerger,  then  at  the  Stadel  In- 
original  and  full  of  sentiment. — Pehr  Hoer-  stitute  of  Jakob  Becker,  spent  two  years  in 
berg's  Lobens  beschreibung  (Greifswald,  Belgium  and  Holland,  and  subsequently 
1819).  visited  Hungary  and  North  Italy.  Works  : 

HOERTER,  AUGUST,  born  in  Germany  ;  Kirmess  Dance  (1861);  Under  the  Linden  ; 

contemporary.     Landscape  painter  in  Carls-  Repose  at  the  Chase. — Miiller,  261. 
rube,  pupil  of  Lcssing ;  draws  his  subjects       HOFF,  KARL,  born  in  Mannheim,  Sept. 

mostly  from  the  high  mountains  of  Germany  8,  1838.     Genre  and  landscape  painter,  pu- 

and   Switzerland.      Works  :    Courtyard   of  pil  of  Carlsruhe  Art  School  under  Schirmer 

Magdeburg  ;  View   of   Reichenbach   Falls  ;  and  Des  Coudres,  and  of  Diisseldorf  Acad- 

Landscape  about  the  Hohentviel ;  Oak  Land-  emy  under  Vautier  ;  visited  Paris  in  1862, 

scape  ;  Wood  Brook  ;  Approaching  Storm  settled  in  Diisseldorf,  whence  he  made  jour- 

with  Mediaeval  Horsemen  ;  Rosegg  Glacier ;  ueys  through  Germany,  France,  Italy,  and 

Landscape  in  the  Hiihgau  (1868). — Miiller,  Greece,  and  in  1878  went  to  Carlsruhe  as 

267.  professor  at  the  art-school.     Medals  in  Ber- 

HOET  (Hoedt),  GERARD,  born  at  Bom-  lin  (1872),  Vienna  (1873) ;  honorary  mem- 


1 1  OFF 


ber  of  Rotterdam  Academy.  Since  18G5 
he  has  painted  all  the  figures  in  his  genre 
scenes  in  the  cos- 
tume of  the  times 
of  Louis  XIV.  and 
XV.  Works:  Gyp- 
sies before  Bailiff 
(18C1)  ;  Last  Ren- 
dezvous ;  The  Petti- 
fogger; Noblesse 
Oblige  ;  Ou  the  Old 
Field  of  Battle;  Visit  \ 
of  the  Bride  (1805); 
Repose  during  Flight  in  Time  of  Louis 
XIV.  (18GG);  First  Criticism  (1808);  Return 
Home  (1870);  Tartuffe  and  Elmire  (1872)  ; 
Draught  on  Horseback  (187:$)  ;  Baptism 
of  Posthumous  Son  (1875),  National  Gal- 
lery, Berlin;  Son's  Last  Greeting  (1878); 
Before  Departure  (1880);  Young  Lady  at 
Balustrade  of  Garden-Stairs  in  Moonlight, 
Schwerin  Gallery. — Miiller,  202  ;  Leixncr, 
Mod.  K,  i.  !«;  ii.  70  ;  Zeitsch.,  xii.  (Mittheil- 
ungen,  v.  G);D.  Rundschau,  ix.  :$2G;  xvii.  :!12. 
HOFF,  KONUAD,  born  in  Schwerin, 
Nov.  1!),  181G,  died  in  Munich,  Feb.  18, 
188:{.  Architecture  painter,  pupil  of  Dres- 
den and  Munich  Academies  ;  travelled  ex- 
tensively in  Germany  and  later  in  North 
Italy.  His  architectural  views  and  interiors 
are  distinguished  for  poetic  conception  and 
brilliant  colouring.  Works:  Rococo  Cham- 
ber, View  in  Church  of  Our  Lady — Munich, 
Renaissance  Chamber  with  Lady  Writing 
(I860) ;  Sacristy  (1801) ;  Interior  of  Old 
House  in  Neuburg  ;  Staircase  in  Castle 
Schleissheim  (1HG2);  Hall  of  Country  Man- 
sion, Room  of  a  Cardinal  (180,'J),  Schwerin 
Gallery  ;  Morning  after  Banquet  ;  Interior 
of  St.  Zeno's — Verona,  Santa  Maria  dei 
Miracoli  in  Venice  (1804);  Basilica  on  Isle 
of  Torcello  (1805);  Scuola  di  San  Rocco  in 
Venice,  Santa  Maria  della  Salute  in  Venice, 
Bedroom  of  Charles  VII.  in  Schleissheim 
(1807);  Ancestral  Hall  in  Schleissheim ;  Last 
Meeting ;  Canal  Grande  ;  Riva  degli  Schia- 
voni;  Doge's  Palace. — Kuust-Chronik,  xviii. 
368  ;  Mttller,  262. 


HOFFMANN,  JOSEF,  born  in  Cologne, 
Oct.  28,  1704,  died  there,  March  0,  1812. 
German  school  ;  history  painter,  son  of  and 
first  instructed  by  Valentin  Hoffmann  (a 
painter  of  Mentz,  who  had  settled  at  Cologne 
before  1704),  then  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Acad- 
emy under  Krahe  and  Linger ;  won  tin- 
first  prize  for  decorative  painting,  then 
twice  (1SOO-1801)  the  Goethe  prize  in  Wei- 
mar, and  another  in  1805  ;  visited  Paris  in 
17117.  Works :  Ulysses  and  Diomcd  sur- 
prisingCampof  the  Trojans  (1800);  Achilles 
at  Court  of  Lvcoinedcs  (1801);  Hercules 
cleaning  Stables  of  Augeas  (1805);  Diana 
with  Hunting  Suite,  Ceiling  in  Audience 
Chamber,  Weimar  (sketch  of  this  in  ( 'ologne 
Museum);  Ceiling  in  Choir  of  St.  Martin's. 
Diisseldorf  (17!t:$-'.)4).  — Mcreurc  du  Depart- 
ment de  la  Ivoi'-r  (181'j),  151  GO;  Merlo, 
182. 

HOFFMANN,  JOSKF,  born  in  Vienna, 
Julv  22,  18H1.  Landscape  painter,  pupil 
of  Rahl  ;  went  in  1850  to  Venire  and  in 
1857  to  Greece.  From  1858  to  18IJ4  he 
lived  in  Rome,  perfecting  himself  by  study 
and  intercourse  with  masters  of  the  German 
school.  Member  of  Vienna  Academy  since 
1807.  Works:  Remains  of  Sanctuary  of 
Venus;  Anacreon's  Grave  (1805);  Athens 
in  Time  of  Pericles;  Athens  from  Gardens 
of  the  Queen  ;  Sabine  Mountains  near  Ole- 
vano  ;  Eight  Landscapes,  Palace  Epstein, 
Vienna;  Drama;  Idyl  and  Tragedy;  Five 
Views  of  Ancient  Athens  (1870),  Palace 
Sina,  Vienna  ;  Decorations  to  Magic  Flute, 
Freisehiitz,  and  Romeo  and  Juliet  (1800), 
Vienna  Opera  House  ;  Four  Joys  of  Life, 
Kursalon,  Vienna  ;  Burning  of  Ringtheatre 
in  Vienna  (1881);  The  Hour  of  Death  on 
Golgotha  (1882);  Cycle  of  Landscape's  illus- 
trating the  Geological  Epochs  (1884),  Mu- 
seum of  Natural  History,  Vienna;  View  of 
Helgoland  (1885).—  Allgem.  K.  Ch.,  ix.  4:54  ; 
Kunst-Chronik,  xvii.  259,  407  ;  xx.  0:50 ; 
Mdller,  202  ;  Wurzbach,  ix.  174  ;  /eitsclir. 
f.  b.  K.,  ix.  (Mittheilungen,  ii.  47). 

H  0  F  F  M  A  N  N  -  F  A  L  L  E  R  S  L  E  B 1 1 N , 
FKANZ,  boru  in  Weimar,  May  I'.t,  1855. 


HOFMANN 


Landscape    painter,    pupil    of    Diisseldorf 
Academy  and  of  Weimar  Art  School  under  j 
Theodor  Hugen  ;    visited  the  Baltic   coast,  • 
Westplialia,   Hanover,   and  Thuriugia,  and 
settled    in    Diisseldorf.       Works:     Giant's 
Grave,   Bv  a  Woodland    Cemetery   (1877); 
Solitude,  After  Storm-Tide  (1878);  Twilight, 
Enchanted  Castle  (1879);  Ancient  German 
Oil'ci  ing  Grove,  At  the  Forest-Border  (1880). 
—Mailer,  2(53. 

HOFMANN,  HEINRICH,  born  in  D.irm- 
stadt,  March  11),  1824.  History  and  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  of  Uiisseldorf  Academy 
under  Theodor  Hildebrandt  and  Schadow, 
then  of  Antwerp  Academy  (1845);  visited 
Holland  and  Paris,  and  returned  to  his 
native  city,  where  he  painted  portraits  ;  was 
in  Munich  in  1847,  in  Darmstadt  and  Frank- 
fort in  1848-  51,  and  in  Dresden  in  1851-53. 
Went  in  1854  to  Italy,  where  he  spent  four 
years,  mostly  at  Home,  and  was  much  in- 
fluenced by  Cornelius.  .Removed  to  Dres- 
den in  18(!2,  became  honorary  member  of 
the  Academv  in  18(i8,  and  professor  in  1870. 
Works  :  Scene  from  History  of  Longobards 
(1844),  Wurtcniberg  Art  Union  ;  Entomb- 
ment (184(5),  Rhenish  Art  Union  ;  Scene 
from  llomeo  and  Juliet  (1S47),  Cologne  Art 
Union;  King  En/.io  in  Prison  (1851),  Frei- 
burg Gallery  ;  Taking  of  Christ  (1858), 
Darmstadt  Museum ;  Othello  and  Desdc- 
mona  ;  Shylock  and  Jessica  ;  St.  Cecilia  ; 
Venus  and  Cupid  ;  Christ  and  the  Adulter- 
ess, Christ  in  the  Temple,  Dresden  Gallery  ; 
Christ's  Sermon  on  the  Lake,  National  Gal- 
lery, Berlin  ;  Apotheosis  of  Ancient  Heroes, 
Court  Theatre,  Dresden  ;  Betrothal  of  Al- 
brecht  the  Brave  with  Princess  Sidonie 
(fresco),  Albrechtsburg,  Meissen ;  Dornr.">- 
schen,  Leda. — Brockhaus,  ix.  305  ;  Miiller, 
2(53. 

HOFMANN,  RUDOLF,  born  in  Darm- 
stadt in  1820,  died  there  in  1882.  Genre 
and  history  painter,  pupil  in  Darmstadt  of 
Lucas,  then  of  Diisseldorf  and  Munich  Acad- 
emies ;  studied  for  three  years  in  Rome,  and 
became  professor  in  Darmstadt  and  inspec- 
tor of  the  Museum  there.  Works  :  Scene 


from  Peasants'  War,  Darmstadt  Museum ; 
twenty-three  scenes  from  History  of  the 
House  of  Ysenburg-Biidingen  (1852).  Fres- 
cos :  Minstrels'  War,  Scenes  from  Niebelun- 
geu  Lied,  Parsifal,  Tristan  and  Isolde,  all  at 
Wartburg  near  Eisenach.  — Miiller,  2(54. 

HOFMANN,  SAMUEL,  born  in  Zurich  in 
1592,  died  in  Frankfort  in  1(548.  Portrait 
painter,  pupil  in  Zurich  of  Gotthard  Ringli, 
then  in  Antwerp  of  Rubens  ;  worked  at  Am- 
sterdam, Ziirich,  and  Frankfort  after  1G38. 
Works  :  Equestrian  Portrait  of  Peter  Ki'mig 
(1(531),  Freiburg  Museum  ;  Duke  Bernhard 
of  Weimar  (1G3!)),  Entry  of  Gustavua 
Adolphus  into  Frankfort,  Birth  of  Erich- 
thonius,  Female  Portrait,  Stiidel  Gallery, 
Frankfort ;  The  Zinsgroschen,  Still  Life, 
Portraits,  Ziirich  City  Library  and  Art 
Union  ;  Portrait  of  a  Lady,  Stiidel  Gallery, 
Frankfort. — Allgein.  d.  Biogr.,  xii.  (537; 
Fiiessli,  i.  155. 

HOFMANN-ZEITZ,  LUDWIG,  born  in 
Zeitz,  Nov.  11,  1832.  Genre  painter,  pupil 
in  Munich  of  Schwind.  Works  :  Blue  Flow- 
eret ;  Ruined  and  Dead  ;  Francesca  da  Rim- 
ini and  Paolo  ;  Surprise. — Miiller,  2(54. 

HOGARTH,  SCOTTISH.  See  Allan, 
David. 

HOGARTH,  WILLIAM,  born  in  London, 
Dec.  10,  1097,  died 

.    'V'^>-t4.\          tlierc'  Oct'  26>  17(U- 
Y/    Sf      \|        Son  of  Richard  Ho- 

«  • j  -**  garth,  schoolmaster  ; 
apprenticed  to  Ellis 
Gamble,  silversmith, 
to  learn  to  engrave 
arms  and  cyphers  on 
plate  ;  when  his  time 
had  expired  (1718), 
became  a  student  in 
St.  Martin's  Lane  Academy,  where  he 
learned  to  draw.  About  1720  he  set  up  in 
business  as  a  silversmith,  and  began  to  en- 
grave book-plates,  the  first  of  his  prints  to 
attract  notice  being  a  series  of  illustrations 
for  Butler's  Hudibras  (172(5).  In  1730  he 
clandestinely  married  the  daughter  of  Sir 
James  Thornhill,  serjeant-painter  to  the 


208 


IIOGEIl 


king,  whose  studio  he  1ia<l  frequented.  As 
his  book-plates  were  not  profitable,  he  set 
up  as  a  portrait  painter  ami  met  with  con- 
siderable success.  In  17:5:5  lie  completed 
his  series  of  six  pictures  entitled  the  Har- 
lot's Progress  (5  burned  at  Fonthill,  1755  : 

1,  the  sixth  picture,  Karl  of  Wemys,  Gos- 
ford  House),   which  was    followed   by  the 
Ital-K's  Progress  (8  pictures),  ami  Murrid'/i-  a 
la  Mode  (0),  in  which  ho  reached  tin-  height 
of  his  art,  his  more  ambitious  works,  such 
as  the  (lood  Samaritan  (17:50),  Paul  before 
Felix  (1748),  Moses  brought  to  Pharaoh's 
Daughter  (1752),  and  others,  being  less  suc- 
cessful.    Among  his  other  pictures  painted 
especially   for   engraving   arc  :    Southwark 
Fair  (17:5:5),  Duke  of  Newcastle  ;  Midnight 
Modern    Conversation    (17:54)  ;    Distressed 
Poet  (17:55) ;  The  Four  Times  of  the  Day 
(17:58)  ;    Strolling   Actresses   Dressing  in   a 
Barn    (17:58,    burned    at    Littleton    House, 
near  Staines,  1S74);  The  Enraged  Musician 
(1741);  C,ilai.t( late  (174!));  March  to /•'/m-/i- 
/'•</  (1750);  The   Klft-tinii  (1755),  Soane  Mu- 
seum, London.     In    1753    he    published   a 
work  entitled   "The  Analysis  of  Beauty"; 
iu  1757  he  was  appointed  Serjeant-painter 
to  the  king.     Hogarth  painted  several  por- 
traits of  himself  ;  the  best  of  them,  in  which 
he  is  represented  with  his  dog  Trump  ( 1 7 15 1. 
is  in  the  National  Gallery,  London.     Oilier 
pictures  in  the  National  Gallery  are:   Mur- 
riaye  a  la  Mode  (G),  Portrait  of  his  sister, 
Mary   Hogarth   (1740),   Sii/ixini»i<lii   (170:$), 
Family  Group,  Polly  f'i'nrhuni,  Shriinji  Girl  ; 
Garrii-k  as  Richard  III.,  Earl  of  Feversham. 
— Dobson,  Biogr.  Great  Ar- 

tists  ;  Boydell,  Works,  etc. 
(London,  17(J2,  new  ed. 
1849);  Home,  Works  (London,  18GO);  L'Ar- 
tiste  (1882),  ii.  305,  403  ;  Portfolio  (1872), 
140;  Athenffium,  Dec.,  1874,  888;  G.  A. 
Sala,  Hogarth  (London,  180C)  ;  Redgrave, 
Century,  i.  44  ;  Trusler,  Works  (London, 
1821);  Zeitscbr.,  vii.  1,  44. 
HOGEH,  JOSEF,  born  in  Vienna,  Nov. 

2,  1801,  died  there,  May  13,  1877.     Land- 
scape painter,  pupil  of  the  Vienna  Academy 


under  MiJssmer,  and  then  much  influenced 
by  Rebell,  and  later  by  his  brother-in-law, 
Frit/  Gauermaun.  Studied  nature  in  Styrin, 
Tyrol,  and  Upper  Austria.  In  184:5  he  be- 
came  member  of  the  Vienna  Academy,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  its  reorganization  in 
1865.  He  was  in  great  demand  as  a  teacher 
in  the  highest  circles  >if  Vienna,  and  gave 
the  empress  lessons  in  water-colour  paint- 
ing. Work*  :  Chapel  iii  the  Ramsau  18:55), 
Count Beroldillgi'll,  Vienna  ;  View  near  Lun- 
denburg  ;  Wood  with  Stags  (1847)  ;  Land- 
scape in  St\ria  il85d),  AuMrian  Art  Union; 
View  near  Bcrchtesgadeii  (1852);  Entrance 
to  Woods  (18I53),  View  in  PaNchkau--Mo- 
ravia  (1857),  Views  near  Patsc-hkau  (:i,  18581, 
Landscape  with  Storm  Atmosphere,  View 
near  Lundcnhurg.  Count  Saint  Genois,  Vi- 
enna; Wood  Landscape  in  the  Mountains 
(185C.),  Museum,  ib.  —  Kunst-( 'lironik,  \ii. 
721  ;  Wur/bach.  i\.  1  Id. 

HOGUET,  CHAULES,  born 
Nov.  21,  1821,  died 
there,  Aug.  4,  1870. 
Landscape,  genre, 
and  marine  painter, 
pupil  of  Krnuse.and 
in  Paris  of  Ciceri  ; 
went  in  1841  to 
Kn  jrlan  d  .  and  in 
1842  studied  again 
in  Paris  under  Isa- 
bey.  Gold  medal 
in  Paris  (1848)  and  Berlin.  Member  of 
Berlin  Academy  in  LSIl'.t.  Works  :  The 
Cook  ;  Rue  Pirouette  in  Paris  ;  Coast  near 
Yport  ;  From  Normandy  ;  Gust  of  Wind  ; 
Last  Windmill  on  Montmartre  (temporarily 
in  Stettin  Museum),  Still  Life  (1852),  The 
Wreck  (18(54),  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ; 
Rocky  Landscape,  Woodland  (1854),  Land- 
scape with  Water,  Ravone  Gallery,  ib.;  Mar- 
ket Scene  at  Rouen.  Marine.  Lighthouse 
near  Boulogne,  Mill  on  Montmartre,  Store- 
room, Windmill,  Winter  Landscape,  Saar- 
dam,  Stettin  Museum.  — Dioskuren  (1870), 
2'.i:i  ;  Jordan  (1885),  ii.  102  ;  Rosenberg, 
Berl.  Malersch.,  343. 


HOLBEIN 


HOLBEIN,  AMBBOSmS,  born  in  Augs- 
burg about  1494  (?),  died  after  1518.  Ger- 
man school ;  history  painter,  son  and  pupil 
of  Hans  Holbein  the  elder,  whom  he  prob- 
ably assisted  in  his  works,  and  with  his 
brother,  Hans  the  younger,  went  to  Basle 
before  or  in  1515,  to  which  year  their  first 
activity  there  can  be  traced,  and  where  both 
were  engaged  chiefly  in  designing  title-pages. 
Ambi'osius  was  admitted  into  the  guild  "Zum 
Himmel"  in  1517,  and  acquired  the  citizen- 
ship in  1518,  but  all  trace  of  him  is  lost  in 
1510.  Works:  Christ  as  Mediator,  Two 
Bust-portraits  of  Boys,  Two  Skulls  in  Grated 
Window,  Portrait  of  Jorg  Schweiger  (?), 
Basic  Museum  ;  Portrait  of  Young  Lady, 
Ambras  Collection,  Vienna  ;  do.  of  Young 
Man  (15LS),  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg. — 
Allgcm.  d.  Biogr.,  xii.  724  ;  Woltmann,  Hol- 
bein u.  s.  Zeit,  i.  101.  110,  138,  202-212  ;  ii. 
31,  45,  48,  79,  92,  205  ;  W.  A:  W.,  ii.  401  ; 
Ilepertorium  f.  K.,  i.  251  ;  /aim's  Jahr- 
biicher,  v.  197. 

HOLBEIN,  EDUAKD,  born  in  Berlin  in 
1807,  died  there,  Feb.  19,  1875.  History  and 
genre  painter,  pupil  of  Karl  Begas,  with 
whose  works  his  first  picture  in  1830  was 
ranked.  He  took  his  great  namesake,  Hans 
Holbein  the  younger,  for  his  model ;  became 
professor  at  Berlin  Academy,  where  his  most 
famous  pupil  was  Gtistav  Richter.  Works: 
Aged  Pilgrim  dying  in  Sight,  of  Jerusalem 
(1830)  ;  Madonna  (1838)  ;  Twelve  Patri- 
archs, Royal  Chapel,  Berlin.— Rosenberg, 
Berl.  Malersch.,  69. 

HOLBEIN  (Holbain),  HANS,  the  elder, 
born  in  Augsburg 
about  1400,  died 
there  in  1524.  Ger- 
man school ;  history 
painter,  influenced 
by  Martin  Schon- 
gauer,  if  not  his 
pupil  at  Col  mar, 
and  the  chief  rep- 
resentative of  re- 
alistic tendency  in 
;  in  his  later  works 


the  school  of  Suabia 


under  the  influence  of  Italian  renaissance. 
Works  :  Four  Altar-panels  (1493),  Augsburg 
Cathedral ;  Madonna  Enthroned,  do.  (1499), 
Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg ;  Death  of 
the  Virgin  (1490),  Basle  Museum  ;  Basilica, 
S.  M.  Maggiore  (1499),  Coronation  of  the 
Virgin  and  Scenes  from  Passion  (1500), 
Transfiguration  (1502),  Basilica  of  St.  Paul 
(1504),  four  Altar-panels  (1512),  Augsburg 
Gallery  ;  Seven  Scenes  from  Passion  (1501), 
Sti'ul el  Gallery,  Frankfort ;  six  others,  Mu- 
seum, ib.;  Last  Supper,  St.  Leonard's,  ib.; 
twelve  scenes  from  Passion  (1502  ?),  Do- 
naueschingen  Gallery  ;  sixteen  panels  with 
Episodes  in  Life  of  Mary  and  Scenes  from 
Passion  (1502),  Altar  of  St.  Sebastian  (1516, 
masterpiece),  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Vis- 
itation of  the  Virgin,  National  Museum,  ib. ; 
Two  Altarwings  with  Saints,  Prague  Gallery; 
Christ  bearing  the  Cross  (1515),  Carlsruho 
Gallery  ;  Entombment  (attributed  to  Sigis- 
inuiid  H.),  Portrait  of  Young  Man  (1515, 
attributed  to  Hans  the  younger),  Darm- 
stadt Museum  ;  two  portraits  (1512),  Hamp- 
ton Court  Gallery.  His  brother,  Sigismund, 
who  appears  in  the  rate-books  of  Augsburg, 
first  in  1504,  and  who  moved  in  1519  to 
Berne,  where  he  died  in  1540,  probably 
worked  conjointly  with  him  on  several 
works. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xii.  713  ;  Cun- 
dall,  H.  Holbein  ;  Forster,  ii.  213  ;  Kugler 
(Crowe),  i.  140  ;  Nagler,  Mon.,  iii.  157;  Wolt- 
mann, Holbein  und  sein  Zeit,  i.  41-100;  ii.  7, 
'  (il  ;  W.  &  W.,  ii.  110,  450  ;  Graph.  K,  i.  110. 
HOLBEIN,  HANS,  the  younger,  born  in 
Augsburg  in  1497, 
died  in  London  be- 
tween Oct.  7  and 
Nov.  29,  1543.  Ger- 
man school ;  history 
and  portrait  painter, 
son  and  pupil  of 
Hans  Holbein  the 
elder.  After  com- 
pleting his  appren- 
ticeship he  went  to 
Basle  with  his  brother,  Ambrose,  in  1515, 
served  as  journeyman  under  Herbster,  Koch, 


870 


HOLBEIN 

or  Dig,  matriculated  in  1519,  when  he  joined  1538  and  1517.     Works:  Head  of  the  Vir- 

the  painters'  guild.     Two  years  before,  lie  gin  (1514),  do.  of  a  Saint,  Christ  on  Mount 

decorated  the  house  of  Jacob  von  Harten-  of  Olives,  Taking  of  Christ,  I'ilate  washing 

stein  at  Lucerne  with  frescos  no  longer  ex-  his  Hands,  Lust  Supper,  Flagellation,  Writ- 

tant  (copies  in  Lucerne  Library).     His  fres-  ing  Lesson,   A   School,   Portrait  of  Burgo- 

cos  in  the  City  Hall  at  Basle  were  painted  master  Jacob  Meyer  and  Wife  ( 151(1),  Basle 

in  1521-22,  and  The  Passion,  in  the  Basle  Museum;  Portrait   of   H.   Herbster  (151(i), 

Museum,  about  the  same  time.     It  is  pos-  Baring    Collection,    London  ;    Hurtenstein 

sible  that  Holbein    made  a  short   visit   to  House   Frescos   (15P.M,    Lucerne;    Frocks, 

Northern  Italy  before  1523,  when  he  painted  Town  Hall,    Basle  (1521  -3d);    Designs  for 

the  tine  portrait  of  Erasmus  at  Longford  glass  windows,  Adam  and  Fve  (1517),  /-">' 

Castle,  which  the  great  humanist  sent  to  Sir  Supper,  8  Scenes  from  Passion,  Dead  Christ 

Thomas  More  in  1525  as  a  specimen  of  the  0521 ),  Christ,  crowned  with  Thorns,  Mater 

painter's  ability  and  as  a  recommendation  Dolorosa,  Fragments  (7)  of  Frescos  in  Town 

to  his  patronage.     Probably  in  September,  Hall,   Basle  Museum;   Birth  of  Christ,   and 

152(>,  Holbein  visited  Antwerp  to  see  Quiii-  Adoration  of  Magi,  Cathedral.    Freiburg   in 

ten  Massy s,  and  spent  some  time  there,  after  Breisgau  ;    SS.    (leorge   and    I'rsula,    Altar- 

whichhe  went  to  England,  where  Sir  Thomas  wings  (1522).   Carlsruhe  (Jallery  ;   Madonna 

More  lodged  him  in  his  own  house  near  Lon-  find  Saints  (1522),  Solothurn  (iallerv;  .)///- 

don.     There  he  painted  the  Chancellor  and  ilmnm  of  Burgomaster   Meyer  ( 152(1),  Prin- 

his   family  (original  lost,   sketch   in   Basle  cess  Charles  of  Hesse,  Darmstadt  ;  do.,  copy 

Museum),  and  many  tine  portraits.     From  with  changes.  Dresden  (iallerv;  Mule  Por- 

August,  1528,  Holbein  lived  at  Basle  until  trait  ( 1515  '!}.  Darmstadt  Museum;   Portrait, 

1532,  when  he  returned  to  England,  where,  of  B.  Amerbach  (151'.ii.  Basic  Museum  ;  do. 

despite  the  earnest  invitations  of  the  magis-  of  Domherr  Angerer  (15111),  aii'l  three  oth- 

trates  of  Basle,  he  remained,  witli  the  ex-  ers,  Ferdinandeum,  Innsbruck  ;  Portraits  of 

cej)tion  of  a  visit  in  1538,  during  the  rest  Erasmus,  Longford  Castle,  England  (152:!), 

of  his  life.      At  what  time  Holbein   became  Louvre  and  ('2}  Basle  Museums,  Parma  Gal- 

painter  to  Henry  VUL  is  not  known  (1530?),  lery  ;  Portraits  of  Man  and  Wife  (1525), 

but  probably  not  until  after  the   death  of  Vienna  Museum;   //<//*  Corintliiaea   (152(1), 

Anne  Bolcyn,  whoso  successor,   Luly  Jane  do.   as    Venus  with   Cupid,   Holbein's   Wife 

Seymour,  he  represented  in  the  family  pict-  with  two  Children,  Male  Portraits  (4),  Basle 

lire  of  the  two  Henrys,  which  was  burned  Museum  ;  Archbishop  Warham  ( 1527),  Laiu- 

at  Whitehall  in  1<>',)8.      (Copy  at  Hampton  both  House  ;  duplicate,  Louvre  ;  Male   Por- 

Court.)     In  March,   1538,  when  Holbein  is  trait,  do.  (15271,  Thomas  (lodsalve  and  his 

first  mentioned  as  the  recipient  of  a  quar-  Son  John  (1528),   Dresden  (Iallerv;  Sir  H. 

terly  salary  from  the  king,  he  was  sent  to  (iuilford,  Windsor  Castle  ;  Nicholas  Krat/er, 

Brussels,  and  then  revisited  Basle.     In  An- '  and  Sir  Henry  \Vyatt,   Louvre;  Sir  Bryan 

gust,  1539,  Henry  again  sent  him  to  Flan-  Tuke,  Grosveuor  House,  London  :  do..  Old 

ders  to  paint  Anne  of  Cleves  (Louvre).     The  Pinakothek,    Munich;    Hans    of    Antwerp, 

wonderful  series  of  H!)  portraits  in  red  chalk  Goldsmith  (1532),  Windsor  Castle  ;  George 

and  India  ink  by  Holbein  in  the  royal  col-  Gis/r  (1532),  two  others  ( 1533,  1541),  Ber- 

lection  at  Windsor  arc  in  themselves  suf-  lin  Museum  ;  Artist's  Family.  Portrait  of  a 

ficient  to  stamp  him  as  one  of  the  greatest  Lady,  Male   Portraits   (3),  Cassel   Gallery; 

of  all  masters  in  portraiture.     As  a  designer  The    Ambassadors    (1533),    Lord    Radnor, 

he  shines  most  brightly  in  the  wood  cuts  of  Longford  Castle  ;  Derick  Born  (1530),  Old 

the   Dance   of   Death,    executed    by    Hans  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  do.  (1533),  Windsor  ; 

Lutzelburger,   and   published  at  Lyons  in  Deryck  Tybis  (1533),  Vienna  Museum  ;  Kob- 


1IOLFKLD 


ert  Chesernan  (1533),  Hague  Museum  ;  Me- 
lanchthon,  Edward,  Prince  of  Wales  (1538), 
Hanover  Gallery;  Henry  VIII.,  miniature, 
Althorp  House  ;  Ambrose  of  the  Steelyard 
(1533),  Brunswick  Museum  ;  English  Lady 
and  Gentleman  (1534),  Ambras  Collection, 
Vienna  ;  Lady  Vaux  (1539),  Prague  ;  rep- 
lica, Hampton  Court ;  Southwell  (1538), 
UiHzi ;  The  Goldsmith  Hubert  Morrett 
(1538),  Dresden  Gallery  ;  Anne  of  Cleves 
(1539),  Louvre;  Duke 'of  Norfolk  (1539), 
Windsor  ;  Male  Portraits  (1541),  Vienna 
Museum;  do.  (1542),  and  Female  Portrait, 
Hague  Museum  ;  Portrait  of  Holbein  (1542), 
Urrizi,  Florence  ;  do.  of  Hieronymus  Sulczer 
(1542),  Butts,  Pole  Carew  Collection  ;  Lady 
Jane  Seymour,  John  Chambers,  Female  Por- 
trait, Vienna  Museum ;  Family  of  Count 
Yalkeniers  at  Prayers,  Portrait  of  a  Profes- 
sor, Historical  Society,  New  York ;  Male 
Portraits,  Gotha,  KVmigsberg,  Madrid,  and 
Weimar  Museums,  Kunsthalle.  Hamburg. 

—  Allgem.  d. 
Biogr .,  xii. 

_  -.     -      »    71 5  ;  Cun- 

T     T  dall.Hans 

11   11    lj2/  Holbein 

(London, 
1879);  Doh- 
me,  1',  xiv. 
47  ;  Fi'irster, 
Deukmale,  i.  11  ;  v.  13  ;  vii.  17  ;  do.,  Gesch., 
ii.  224  ;  Grimm,  Holbein's  Geburtsjahr  (Ber- 
lin, 1867)  ;  Kuglcr  (Crowe),  i.  198  ;  Mantz, 
H.  Holbein  (Paris,  1879);  Nagler,  Mon.,  iii.; 
Schaefer,  iii.  779  ;  Woltmann,  Holbein  und 
seine  Zeit  (Leipsic,  1874-76) ;  W.  .t  AV.,  ii. 
462  ;  AVornum,  Life  and  AVorks  (London, 
1867) ;  Christ!  Kunstbl.  (1870),  97  ;  (1871), 
177  ;  Cornhill  Mag.,  March,  1860 ;  Edin- 
burgh Review,  April,  1867  ;  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts 
(I860),  ix.  60,  270;  (1869),  i.  15,  366,  425; 
(1870),  iv.  481,  516  ;  (1879),  xix.  86 ;  xx. 
13;  (1880),  xxi.  323;  xxii.  525;  Kunst- 
Chrouik,  vii.  206,  271  ;  Zaun's  Jahrbiicher 
(1870),  147  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  i.  198  ;  ii. 
63  ;  iii.  12  ;  vi.  349  ;  vii.  28,  55  ;  ix.  201  ;  x. 
315  ;  xiv.  254  ;  xvi.  99. 


HAN? .HOLD 


HOLFELD,  DOMINIQUE  HIPPO- 
LYTE,  born  in  Paris,  Nov.  22,  1804,  died 
there,  Jan.  13,  1872.  History  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Abel  de  Pujol  and  of  Hersent.  His 
pictures,  though  graceful,  are  uninteresting. 
Medals :  3d  class,  1841  ;  2d  class,  1842. 
Works :  Infant  Jesus  adored  by  Angels 
(1841);  Rembrandt  as  a  Child  (1842);  Par- 
able of  the  Mustard  Seed,  Religious  aud 
Moral  Education  (1844);  Virgin  with  Sleep- 
ing Infant  (1846)  ;  Family  Prayer  (1852)  ; 
Bread  of  Heaven  (1855);  Christ  appearing 
to  Disciples  at  Emmaus  (1859);  Happy  Moth- 
er, First  Principles  of  Education  (1861)  ; 
Choristers  (1863) ;  In  the  Name  of  the  Father 
(1868).— Bellier  de  la  Chavignerie,  i.  773  ; 
Larousse. 

HOLIDAY,  HENRY,  born  in  England  ; 
contemporary.     Genre  painter  and  sculptor. 
Works  :  Quiet  Family  Meal,  Yellow  Tulips, 
Breeze  in  St.  George's  Channel  (1881) ;  Dant<: 
and  Beatrice  (1883).     Mr.  Holiday's  pictures 
have  been  chiefly  exhibited  at  the  Grosvenor 
Gallery.     To  the   Royal  Academy  he  con- 
tributed in   1881   a  recumbent   statue  en- 
titled Sleep ;  a  bas-relief — Nymph  and  Cu- 
pid— in  1882  ;  and  in  1884,  Jacob's  Ladder. 
HOLL,  FRANK,  born  in  London,  July 
4,  1845.     Genre   and 
portrait   painter,   son 
and  pupil  of  F.  Holl, 
engraver,  and  student 
of    Royal    Academy, 
where  in  18G3  he  won 
the  gold  medal  for  the 
best  historical  paint- 
ing, The  Sacrifice  of 
Abraham.      In    1869, 
for  his  picture  entitled 
The  Lord  Gave  aud  the  Lord  hath  Taken 
Away,  he  was  awarded  the  two  years  travel- 
ling studentship,  and  went  to  Italy.     His 
No  Tidings  from  the  Sea  (1871)  was  painted 
[  for  the  Queen.     Elected  an  A.R.A.  in  1878, 
and  E.A.  in  1883.     Works  :  Village  Funeral 
'  (1872)  ;  Seat  in  a  Railway  Station  (1873) ; 
!  Deserted   (1874);  Her   First- Born  (1876); 
i  Gone,    Going    Home    (1877)  ;    Newgate — 


272 


HOI. LAND 


Committed  forTri.il  (1878)  ;  Gifts  of  Fairies, 
Daughter  of  the  House,  Absconded  (187'.))  ; 
Home  Again  (1881)  ;  Did  you  ever  kill  Any- 
body, Father?  (1884)  ;  and  many  portraits. 
— Meynell,  1(57;  Art  Journal  (1870),  'J; 
Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xviii.  4!)8. 

HOLLAND,  JAMES,  born  at  Burslem, 
England,  in  1800,  died  in  London  in  1S70. 
Landscape  and  flower  painter  ;  went  to  Lon- 
don in  181'J,  and  devoted  himself  to  flower 
painting,  but  after  a  visit  to  Paris  in  18I51 
took  up  landscape  painting.  He  made  many 
sketching  tours  on  the  Continent,  and  ex- 
hibited at  the  Royal  Academy,  the  Society 
of  Painters  in  Water  Colours,  and  the  So- 
ciety of  British  Artists,  of  the  last  two  of 
which  he  was  a  member.  Works  :  Nymwe- 
gen,  Near  Blackheath,  and  several  in  water 
colours,  South  Kensington  Museum  ;  Port, 
of  Genoa,  Liverpool  Gallery  ;  Interior  of 
Milan  Cathedral,  Tomb  of  the  Scaligers  at 
Verona,  St.  Mary's  Chapel  at  Warwick, 
Views  in  Venice  ((!),  Gresham  College  ; 
Greenwich  Hospital,  Bridgewatcr  Gal- 
lery. 

HOLLAND,  Sir  NATHANIEL  DANCE, 
Bart.,  born  in  London  in  17:54,  died  at 
Carnborough  House,  near  Winchester,  Oct. 
15,  1811.  Heal  name  Nathaniel  Dance,  son 
of  George  Dance,  architect  ;  took  name  of 
Holland  on  his  marriage  with  a  wealthy 
widow  in  171)0,  was  an  M.  P.  for  many 
years,  and  created  a  baronet  in  1800.  Pu- 
pil in  art  of  Frank  Hayinan  ;  spent  eight  or 
nine  years  in  Italy,  and  on  his  return  won 
success  as  a  painter  of  portraits  and  of  his- 
torical subjects.  In  1708  he  was  one  of  the 
foundation  members  of  the  Royal  Academy. 
Works :  Portraits  of  Earl  Camden,  Lord 
Clive,  Arthur  Murphy,  Lord  North,  National 
Portrait  Gallery,  London. — Redgrave  ;  F. 
de  Conches,  311. 

HOLLTNS,  JOHN,  born  in  Birmingham, 
June  1, 1798,  died  in  London,  March  7,  1855. 
Subject  and  portrait  painter  ;  went  in  1822 
to  London,  where,  with  the  exception  of  two 
years  spent  in  Italy  (1825-27),  he  was  a  con- 
stant exhibitor.  Elected  aii  A.R.A.  iu  1842. 


Work  :  Lord  Tenterden,  National  Portrait 
Gallery.  London.  Cat.  Nat.  Port.  Gal. 

HOLM,  PER  DANIEL,  born  at  Malmgs- 
bo,  Dalecarlia,  Sept.  11,  Ifs:i5.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Nils  Anderson  and  of 
Stockholm  Academy,  where  in  1S02  he  re- 
ceived a  medal  ;  visited  the  north  of  Scan- 
dinavia in  1804,  and  later,  Diisseldorf,  Mu- 
nich, Carlsruhe,  where  lie  studied  under 
Glide,  and  Paris.  Works:  View  of  Qvick- 
jock  in  Lapland  ;  Sag^atsen  in  Lapland  ; 
From  the  MI  nil  i  tains  (if  West  mankind  (IKO'.l), 
Stockholm  Museum.  —  Miiller,  'J04. 

HOLMBEKG,  AUGUST,  born  in  Munich, 
Aug.  1,  1S5I.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  the 
Munich  Academy  under  Wilhelm  Die/,  vis- 
ited subsequently  Berlin.  Dresden,  and  Vi- 
enna, in  1ST.")  Italy,  and  in  1878  Paris.  His 
genre  pieces  are  well  composed  and  coloured. 
Works:  Huntsman's  Still  Life;  Windmill 
in  a  Storm  ;  Difference  of  Opinion  (18715)  ; 
Choir  in  a  Church  at  Florence.  Tobacco 
College  of  Frederick  William  I.  (1S7!))  ;  The 
Recovered  Monogram  (18NO).  —  Miiller,  204; 
Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  xviii.  40:5. 

HOLSTEYN,  COKNKLIS,  born  at  Haar- 
lem about  1020.  Dutch  school  ;  history 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Pieter  (glass 
painter  and  engraver,  born  in  Schleswig 
about  1580,  died  in  Haarlem  in  11)02);  flour- 
ished in  Amsterdam  about  1051,  and  was 
dean  of  the  guild  at  Delft  in  1001-02. 
Works:  Triumph  of  Bacchus;  Lycurgus 
making  his  Nephew  his  Heir,  Orphan  Asy- 
lum, Amsterdam  ;  Pyramus  and  Thisbe, 
Parable  of  the  Vineyard  (1047),  Haarlem 
Museum  ;  Bath-room,  Cassel  Gallery  ;  Angel 
commanding  St.  Philip  to  baptize  Queen 
Candace's  Chamberlain,  Schleis.sheim  Gal- 
lerv. — Immer/eel,  ii.  40  ;  Kramm,  iii.  714  ; 
Vail  der  Willigcn,  17!t. 

HOLY  CONVERSATION.  See  Santa 
Conversazione. 

HOLY  FAMILY,  Mariotto  Alt»-rtinelli, 
Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence  ;  wood,  round,  2  ft. 
0  in.  diameter.  The  Virgin  kneeling  in 
adoration  ;  Jesus  lying  on  ground,  receiving 
a  cross  from  a  kneeling  angel ;  in  back- 


8TJ 


HOLY 


ground,  to  right,  St.  Joseph  loading  the  ass 
from  a  stable  ;  above,  three  angels  singing 


Holy  Family,  Federigo  Barocuo,  National  Gallery,  London. 

from  a  scroll.  Painted  about  1503-0.  En- 
graved by  S.  Martelli.— Gal.  du  Pal.  Pitti,  i. 
PI.  1. ;  d  &  C.,  Italy,  iii.  486  ;  Meyer,  Kiinst. 
Lex.,  219. 

By  Federigo  Jitin>ci->.<>,  National  Gallery, 
London  ;  canvas,  H.  13  ft.  9  in.  x  3  ft.  The 
Virgin,  seated  in  an  apartment,  with  Jesus 
in  her  lap,  clasps  with  her  right  arm  St. 
John,  who  holds  up  a  bird  in  his  hand  to 
protect  it  from  a  cat,  watching  it  from  left- 
hand  corner  ;  behind,  at  right,  St.  Joseph. 
Sometimes  called  Madonna  del  Gatto  (of  the 
Cat).  Painted  for  Count  Antonio  Branca- 
leoni ;  belonged  to  Cesarei  family  of  Peru- 
gia, and  later  (1805)  to  Buchanan  and  to 
Rev.  "\V.  H.  Carr,  who  bequeathed  it  in  1831 
to  the  National  Gallery.  Several  old  copies. 
Engraved  by  C.  Cort  (1577)  ;  A.  Cardon  ; 
J.  P.  Leybold. 

By  Fra  Bartolommeo,  Palazzo  Corsini, 
Rome;  wood,  H.  4  ft.  0  in.  x  2  ft.  2  in.; 
signed,  dated  1516.  The  Virgin,  seated  in 
a  flowery  meadow,  holds  Jesus,  who  strug- 
gles to  cast  his  arms  round  the  little  Bap- 
tist's neck ;  St.  Joseph  looks  on,  smiling. 


A  likeness  between  the  Virgin  and  Raphael's 
portrait  of  Maddalena  Doni  in  the  Pitti 
warrants  the  assumption  that  this  is  the 
picture  which  Vasari  says  was  painted  for 
Agnolo  Doni.  Copy  in  Musce  Fabre,  Mont- 
pellier.— Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  183  ;  C.  &  C., 
Italy,  iii.  468. 

By  Fra  Jiartdommeo,  Panshanger  House, 
England  ;  wood,  H.  3  ft.  5  in.  X  4  ft.  3  in. 
The  Virgin  seated,  holding  Jesus,  who  is 
taking  the  reed  cross  from  the  infant  St. 
John  standing  at  right  ;  at  left,  St.  Joseph 
seated,  smiling  ;  background,  a  beautiful 
landscape  with  a  bright  horizon  and  a  palm- 
tree.  Painted  about  1509,  probably  for 
Filippo  Salviati.  "The  colouring,"  says 
Waagen,  who  considers  this  the  finest  pict- 
ure of  the  artist,  "  is  of  extraordinary  warmth 
and  depth."— C.  A:  C.,  Italy,  iv.  449  ;  Waa- 
gen, Treasures,  iii.  10. 

By  Fra  Barlvlommrv,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Flor- 
ence ;  wood,  H.  3  ft.  2  in.  x  3  ft.  The  Vir- 
gin, seated,  holds  Jesus,  who  embraces  the 
infant  Baptist  kneeling  ;  behind,  SS.  Eliza- 


Holy  Family,  Fra  Bartolommeo,  Panshanger  House,  England. 

beth  and  Joseph  ;  background,  a  green  cur- 
tain. An  inverted  replica,  with  changes,  of 
the  Holy  Family  of  the  Palazzo  Corsiui. 


274 


HOLY 


Engraved  by  G.  Rossi.— Gal.  du  Pal.  Pitti, 
i.  PL  29  ;  C.  &  C.,  Italy,  iii.  470. 

By  Sebastien  fioitrdmi,  Louvre  ;  canvas, 
H.  1  ft.  x  10  in.  The  Virgin,  seated,  her 
left  arm  on  a  broken  column,  holds  on  IK  r 
knees  Jesus,  to  whom  the  infant,  St.  John, 
kneeling,  offers  a  dove  ;  above,  an  angel 
with  a  crown  of  flowers.  Engraved  by 
Avril  pi-re  in  Musc'e  fran«;ais. — Larousse, 
viii.  78. 

By  Correggio.     See  Madonna  della  Ccsta. 

By  Domenichino,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  1  ft. 
2  in.  x  1  ft.  7  in.  The  Virgin,  seated  on  the 
ground  near  a  spring,  at  right,  catches  the 
water  in  a  shell,  while  Jesus,  whom  she 
holds  in  her  arms,  takes  fruit  from  the  in- 
fant St.  John  ;  behind  them  Joseph  unloads 
the  ass.  Called  also  Madonna  of  the  Shell 
(Vierge  a  la  Coquille).  Collection  of  Louis 
XVI.  Engraved  by  Miillcr. — Mus«'c  royal, 
i.;  Filhol,  ii.  PI.  82  ;  Landon,  Vies,  PI.  Kit. 

By  (ifirn/'iilii,  Vatican,  Home.  The  Vir- 
gin, with  Jesus  standing  in  her  lap,  is  seat- 
ed in  front  of  ruins  ;  at  right,  St.  Joseph, 
standing  ;  at  left,  St.  Catherine,  kneeling, 
with  palm-branch  in  hand  ;  in  background, 
a  city.  Engraved  by  Gins.  Morghen. — Vat- 
icano  descritto,  vi.  PL  80. 

By  (liullo  Romano,  Louvre  ;  wood,  H.  4 
ft.  10  in.  •/.  3  ft.  0  in.  The  Virgin,  seated 
under  a  tree  in  a  garden,  with  Jesus  on  one 
knee  ;  he  has  one  foot  in  his  cradle,  and 
turns  to  his  mother  as  if  to  ask  the  meaning 
of  the  words  Ecce  Agnus  Dei,  which  are  on 
ft  scroll  held  by  the  infant  St.  John  beside 
him  ;  behind,  at  right,  St.  Joseph  leans  in 
meditation  on  the  fragment  of  an  ancient 
altar.  Painted  for  Cardinal  Gmi/aga. 
Filhol,  x.  PL  GG2  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Eeole  ro- 
maine. 

By  Ludwig  Knaus,  Miss  Catherine  L. 
Wolfe,  New  York  ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  (!  in.  x  3 
ft.  The  Virgin,  sitting,  withdraws  the  veil 
from  Jesus  lying  on  her  knees,  while  a  little 
angel  clasps  his  hands  in  adoration  beside 
her  ;  above,  cherubs  descending  from  clouds 
lighted  by  the  moon,  and  in  background, 
St.  Joseph,  leading  the  ass,  gazing  upward 


at  them.  Painted  in  187f>.  Photogravure 
in  Art  Treasures  of  America,  i.  I'JO. 

By  Bernardino  Luiiii,  Louvre;  wood,  H. 
1  ft.  8  in.  x  1  ft.  (!  in.  The  Virgin,  half- 
length,  sustains  Jesus,  who,  standing  on  a 
pedestal,  has  his  arm  around  her  neck  ;  be- 
hind her,  to  right,  is  St.  Joseph,  leaning  on 
a  stafl'.  Carefully  modelled  and  delicately 
coloured. — Villot,  Cat.  Louvre. 

By  Micht'laniji-ln,  Tribune  of  the  I'rti/.i, 
Florence  ;  round,  painted  in  tempera.  The 
Virgin,  kneeling,  raises  Jesus  over  her  right 
shoulder  ami  presents  him  to  St.  Joseph 
behind  her.  In  background,  various  nude 


^J    /: 

^r 


•~  "••     V"  /'  i  '  *  "."**  ~~i 


Holy  Fam.ly,  Michplangoln,  Tribune  of  trie  Uff'Zi,  Florence. 

figures,  upright,  recumbent,  and  seated. 
Painted  in  1502-4  for  Agnolo  Doni.  The 
only  easel  picture  by  Michelangelo  the  au- 
thenticity of  which  has  never  been  doubted. 
—  Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  vii.  l.">8  ;  Lasinio,  i.  PL 
ll!  ;  Larousse,  viii.  77. 

By  Murillo,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ; 
canvas,  H.  !)  in.  X  7  in.  St.  Joseph  standing 
with  Jesus  in  his  arms  ;  the  Child  stretches 
his  arms  toward  the  Virgin,  who,  seated  on 
left  near  a  basket,  extends  her  arms  to  re- 
ceive him  ;  in  background,  arches  and  car- 
penter's tools  ;  in  foreground,  a  basket  of 
tools.  Due  de  Tallard  wile  (177(1),  to  M. 
do  Thiers,  802  livres.  Engraved  by  J.  B. 
Tilliard.—  Curtis,  172  ;  Hermitage  Cat 


275 


HOLY 


By  Murillo,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  7  ft.  11 
in.  x  G  ft.  3  in.  The  Virgin,  seated  on  a 
hillock,  holds  Jesus  standing  in  her  lap  ;  he 
receives  a  reed  cross  from  St.  John,  who 
stands  beside  them,  supported  by  St.  Eliza- 
beth, kneeling  ;  above,  the  Father  and  the 
Dove,  surrounded  by  cherubs ;  in  fore- 
ground, a  lamb.  Sometimes  called  Vierge 
de  Seville.  Painted  about  1070  ;  in  Collec- 
tion of  Louis  XVI;  valued,  inventory  of 
181G,  00,000  fr.  Engraved  by  Boilly,  Allais; 


Holy  Family,  Murillo,  Louvre. 


lithographed  by  Weber,  A.  Demoine,  A. 
Bry,  A.  Maurin,  and  others.  —  Ch.  Blanc, 
Ecole  espagnole  ;  Curtis,  180. 

By  Murillo,  Metropolitan  Museum,  New 
York  ;  canvas,  6  ft.  8  in.  x  5  ft,  1  in.  The 
Virgin,  seated,  on  right,  extends  her  hands 
to  receive  the  Child,  whom  St.  Joseph, 
standing,  holds  towards  her  ;  at  left  of  Vir- 
gin, a  white  dog  lying  on  floor  beside  a 
basket  of  linen  ;  at  left,  a  curtain.  Bought 
about  1835  by  Joshua  Coit  from  Convent  of 
Buena  Muerte,  Peru  ;  sold  in  1843  to  Henrv 


Brevoort,  New  York,  for  $1,200  ;  presented 
to  Museum  in  1874  by  John  Jacob  Astor 
Bristed.— Curtis,  174. 

By  Murillo,  formerly  at  Leigh  Court, 
Somerset ;  canvas,  H.  3  ft.  G  in.  x  3  ft.  2  in. 
The  Virgin  sitting,  with  Jesus  asleep  on  her 
lap ;  on  right,  St.  Joseph  standing  under  a 
tree  ;  both  look  at  the  Child.  Calonue  sale 
(1795),  .€535  10s.;  Henry  Hope  sale  (181G), 
£320  5s. ;  Leigh  Court  sale  (1884),  to  Messrs. 
Agnew,  London,  for  £3,150.  Engraved  by 
J.  Heath.— Curtis,  174  ;  British  Gallery  of 
Engraving  (London,  1807) ;  "Waageu,  Treas- 
ures, iii.  184. 

By  Murillo,  National  Gallery,  London  ; 
canvas,  H.  9  ft.  G  in.  x  G  ft.  10  in.  Infant 
Jesus,  standing  on  a  ruined  column  in  cen- 
tre, gives  one  hand  to  Virgin,  seated  on  his 
right,  the  other  to  St.  Joseph,  who  kneels  on 
his  left,  holding  lilies  ;  above,  the  Father 
and  the  Dove,  with  three  cherubs  on  each 
side.  Formerly  belonged  to  Marques  del 
Pedroso  ;  taken  to  England  about  1810  ; 
bought  for  National  Gallery,  in  1837,  from 
T.  B.  H.  Owen,  with  Brazen  Serpent  of  Ru- 
bens,  for  ,€7,350.  Engraved  by  Bridoux  ; 
C.  McRae,  the  Father  omitted. — Palomino, 
iii.  422  ;  C.  Bcnnudez,  iv.  278  ;  Buchanan, 
Memoirs,  ii.  202  ;  Edin.  Review  (No.  173), 
208  ;  Curtis,  170. 

By  Murillo,  Duke  of  Rutland,  Belvoir 
Castle,  Leicestershire  ;  canvas,  figures  life- 
size.  The  Virgin,  seated,  holding  Jesus, 
who  is  embraced  by  infant  St.  John  stand- 
ing before  them  ;  behind,  St.  Joseph  stand- 
ing ;  on  right,  a  lamb  ;  background,  land- 
scape. Carried  to  England  about  1729  by 
Colonel  William  Stanhope  (Lord  Harring- 
ton), on  returning  from  his  embassy  to 
Spain.  Considered  by  "VVaagen  "one  of 
the  finest  by  the  master  in  all  England." 
—  Waagen,  Treasures,  iii.  402 ;  Curtis, 
178. 

By  Parmigianino,  Louvre  ;  wood,  H.  1  ft. 
4  in.  x  1  ft.  1  in.  The  Virgin,  seated  in  a 
rocky  landscape,  with  Jesus  on  her  knees  ; 
the  latter  embraces  the  infant  St.  John,  who 
is  standing  on  a  cradle  ;  behind,  to  right, 


376 


HOLY 


SS.  Joseph  and  Elizabeth.  Collection  of 
Louis  XTV.  Engraved  by  Blomaert. — Vil- 
lot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Filliol,  ii.  PI.  P_>1  ;  Lon- 
don, Musoe,  i.  PL  43. 

By  Sebastian  del  Fiomlxi,  Baring  Collec- 
tion, London  ;  wood,  H.  3  ft.  '1  in.  •  15  ft.  (i 
in.  A  donor  kneels  before  the  Virgin,  who 
rests  one  hand  on  his  shoulder,  while  with 
the  other  she  holds  on  her  lap  Jesus,  who 
points  to  John  Baptist  with  his  cross,  to  the 
left ;  to  the  right,  St.  Joseph  asleep.  Painted 
about  1512.  Formerly  iu  the  Stratton  Col- 


Holy  Family  (La  petite  Sainte  Famille),  Raphael,  Louvre. 

lection.— C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  :!24  ;  Waagen, 
Treasures,  ii.  172. 

By  lta]>ha<>/,  Louvre  ;  wood,  H.  1  ft.  .'t  in. 
X  11  in.  (La  petite  Sainte  Famille).  Jesus, 
standing  in  his  cradle,  leans  across  the  Vir- 
gin's knees,  and  caresses  the  cheeks  of  St. 
John,  whom  St.  Elizabeth,  kneeling,  presents 
to  him  ;  background,  landscape  with  ruins. 
Painted  in  Rome  about  1517-18  ;  given  by 
Raphael  to  Adrian  Gouffier,  Cardinal  de 
Boissy,  papal  legate  in  France  in  1519 ; 
passed  to  Due  de  Rouanez,  and  bought 
finally  by  Louis  XIV.  Engraved  by  Fr. 
Poilly ;  P.  Drevet ;  W.  de  Gutweiu  ;  J.  B. 


L.  Massard  ;  S.  Simonneau  ;  A.  B.  Pesnoy- 
ers  ;  and  others.  Probably  painted  by  Giu- 

lio  Romano,  after  Raphael's  design.  —  Passa- 
vant.  ii.  -2.  (!:{  ;  Felibien,  ii.  :!:!.">;  Gruyer, 
Vierges  de  Raphael,  iii.  'M'2  ;  Cab.  Cro/.at, 
i.  PI.  17;  Landon,  Mus.'e,  ii.  PI.  5  ;  Villot, 
Louvre  ;  Filliol,  i.  PI.  ."><!. 

By  liembramlt,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg ;  canvas,  H.  i>  ft.  -JJ  in.  x  :i  ft.  41  in.: 
signed,  dated  Ili45.  The  Virgin,  seated  in 
a  rustic,  apartment,  divssed  in  a  red  robe 
and  dark-coloured  skirt,  holding  a  large 
open  book  on  her  knees,  is  raising  the  cov- 
erlet of  a  cradle  in  which  Jesus  lies  asleep  ; 
a  lire,  over  which  is  a  p>  >t.  burns  on  a  hearth 
near  her  ;  in  background,  St.  Joseph  chop- 
ping wood  ;  above,  a  group  of  angels  hover- 
ing.— Smith,  vii.  2U. 

By  Sir  Joshua  AV///I, ,/'/>-.  National  Gallery, 
London  ;  canvas,  If.  <>  ft.  5  in.  •  4  ft.  ',1  in. 

,  The  Virgin,  holding  the  infant  Christ,  and 
Joseph  seated  at  base  of  a  stone  pedestal 
under  a  tree  ;  at  left,  infant  St.  John  with 
standard  of  the  lamb  :  background,  a  land- 
scape. Painted  for  Mr.  Macklin,  who  sold 
it  to  Lord  Gwydyr  ;  purchased  at  his  sale 

I  (1828)  and  presented  to  National  G.illcrv  ; 
copy  by  J.  R.  Powell  at  Somerlev,  seat  of 
Earl  of  Normanton,  which  Waagen  mistook 
for  a  genuine  Sir  Joshua.  Engraved  by  W. 
Sharp  (1792)  ;  G.  Presbury  in  Jones's  Na- 
tional Gallery. -Cat.  Nat.  Gal.;  Eng.  Paint- 
ers of  Georgian  Era,  4  ;  Art  Journal  ( Isiii)). 

;». 

I5y  Hulii'ii.--,  Blenheim  Palace.  See  1,','hint 
from  Egypt. 

By  Hii/H-nx,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ; 
wood,  H.  !).',  in.  X  115.1  in.  The  Virgin  seated 
on  the  ground,  holding  Jesus,  who  is  caress- 
ing a  lamb,  across  the  neck  of  which  St. 
John  is  standing  ;  behind,  St.  Eli/abeth, 
standing.  Engraved  by  Earlom.  Formerly 
in  Houghton  Gallery. — Smith,  ii.  15(i. 

By  Riilienit,  Hertford  House,  London  ; 
wood,  H.  4  ft.  2  in.  x  '.\  ft.  1  in.  Virgin  and 
Child,  with  SS.  Joseph,  John,  and  Elizabeth. 
Formerly  one  of  chief  ornaments  of  the  Bel- 
vedere Gallery,  Vienna  ;  presented  in  1784 


ten 


HOLY 


by  Emperor  Joseph  to  M.  Burtin,  of  Brus-  By  Kubens,  Windsor  Castle  ;  canvas,  H.  8 

ft.  x  8  ft.  The  Virgin,  seated  at  left,  sup- 
ports Infant  Jesus  standing  in  her  lap  ;  In- 
fant St.  John  stretches  out  his  arms  towards 
the  Saviour,  before  whom  St.  John  of  Assisi 
bows  in  adoration  ;  behind  the  Saviour  St. 
Elizabeth,  and  at  left  Joseph.  Replica  (H. 
5  ft.  8  in.  x  C  ft.  7  in.),  Leigh  Court;  at  sale 
(1884),  bought  in  at  5,000  guineas.— Waa- 
gen,  Treasures,  ii.  435  ;  iii.  182  ;  Smith,  ii. 
251. 

By  Andrea  del  Sarlo,  Hermitage,  St.  Pe- 
tersburg. Autotype  by  Ad.  Braun  &  Co., 
Paris. 

By  Andrea  del  Sarlo,  Louvre  ;  wood,  H. 
4  ft.  7  in.  X  3  ft.  5  in.  The  Virgin,  seated 
on  the  ground,  holds  Jesus,  who  turns  his 
head  toward  St.  Elizabeth ;  the  latter  sup- 
ports the  infant  St.  John,  who  stands  with 
his  right  hand  raised  towards  heaven  ;  be- 
hind the  Virgin,  two  angels.  From  collec- 
tion of  Francis  I.  Old  copy  in  Vienna  Mu- 


Holy  Family,  Rubens,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence. 

whence  sold  for  2,500  guineas  ;  bought  by 
Lord  Hertford  for  I!, 000  guineas. — "\Vaagen, 
Treasures,  ii.  157. 

By  Jtiibenx,  Palazzo Pitti,  Florence;  wood, 
H.  2  ft.  7  in.  x  3  ft.  10  in.  Jesus,  lying  in  a 
cradle,  caresses  St.  John,  who  stands  behind 
it ;  the  Virgin,  in  scarlet  vest  and  blue  man- 
tle, is  seated  near,  with  her  hand  on  the  cover 
of  the  cradle  ;  at  her  left,  St.  Elizabeth;  be- 
hind her,  St.  Joseph.  Taken  to  Paris  by 
French ;  returned  in  1815.  Engraved  by  Vos- 
terman  ;  Langlois  ;  Paradisi ;  C.  Mogalli. — 
Musc'e  francais  ;  Smith,  ii.  143  ;  Filhol,  ii. 
PI.  140  ;  Gal.  du  Pal.  Pitti,  iv.  PI.  87. 

By  llulii'ii*,  Vienna  Museum  ;  wood,  H.  7 
ft.  4  in.  x  11  ft.  The  Virgin,  in  a  scarlet 
vest  and  blue  mantle,  is  seated  at  the  foot  of 
a  tree,  with  Jesus  in  her  arms;  before  them, 
St.  John  held  by  his  mother  Elizabeth,  at 
whose  left  stands  Zachariah  offering  the 


Holy  Family,  Andrea  del  Sarto,  Louvre. 


Saviour  a  branch  of  fruit.     Painted  on  cov-   seum. — Landon,  Musce,  vi.  PI.   G7  ;  Villot, 


ers  of  altarpiece  of  St.  I/ilefonso. 
by  Deroy. — Smith,  ii.  92. 


Engraved 


Cat.  Louvre. 

By  Andrea  del  Sarto,  National  Gallery, 


278 


HOLY 


London  ;  wood,  H.  3  ft.  fi  in.  x  2  f  t.  8  in. 
The  Virgin  seated,  with  the  Child  on  her 
knees  ;  Elizabeth  with  infant  St.  John  seated 
at  her  right  hand.  Formerly  in  Palazzo  Al- 
dobrandiuo,  Rome ;  taken  to  England  in 
180G,  and  passed  through  hands  of  Mr. 
Irvine  and  Mr.  Buchanan  to  Kev.  W.  H. 
Carr,  who  bc(iueathed  it  in  1831  to  the  Na- 
tional Gallery. — Rcveil,  iv.  254. 

By  Andrea  del  Surln,  Palazzo  1'itti,  Flor- 
ence ;  wood,  H.  4  ft.  1  in.  x  3  ft.  3  in.  The 
Virgin,  kneeling,  looks  at  Jesus,  who  smiles 
as  he  lies  before  her  ;  behind  him  infant  St. 


Holy  Family,  Andrea  del  Sarto,  National  Gallery,  London. 

John  standing.  St.  Joseph,  to  left,  leans 
his  head  on  his  hand.  Landscape  back- 
ground. Painted  about  1521  for  Zanobi 
Bracci.  Engraved  by  Paradisi. — C.  &.  C., 
Italy,  iii.  57(5 ;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  v.  35  ;  Gal. 
du  Pal.  Pitti,  ii.  PI.  117. 

By  Andrea  del  Sarto,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Flor- 
ence ;  wood,  H.  4  ft.  (i  in.  x  3  ft.  3  in.  Jesus, 
astride  on  the  knee  of  the  Virgin,  who  sits 
on  the  ground,  turns  to  infant  Baptist,  sup- 
ported by  St.  Elizabeth  ;  in  foreground  a  reed 
cross.  "  Perfectly  handled  in  Andrea's  fused 


'transparent  manner"  (C.  .t  C.).  Painted 
about  152'J  for  Ottavianode'  Medici.  Ancient 
copy  in  Dulwich  Gallery,  St.  Joseph  being 
added.  This  figure,  different  in  style,  recalls 
the  manner  of  Vasari,  Andrea's  scholar.  En- 
graved by  Guzzi.— C.  \  C.,  Italy,  iii.  oil!; 
Vasari,  cd.  Mil.,  v.  51  ;  Gal.  du  Pol.  Pitti, 
iv.  PI.  lit;  Kit-liter,  Cat.  Dulwich  Gal., 
151. 

By  Girolamo  iS'ai-oMo,  Turin  Gallery  ;  can- 
vas, H.  :i  ft.  x  4  ft.  (>  in.;  signed,  dated  15^7. 
Tim  Virgin,  with  hands  joined,  behind  a 
cradle  or  cushion  on  which  Jesus  is  lying  ; 
at  left  a  donor — a  man  in  a  furred  cloak — 
lifting  a  cloth  from  the  waking  Child  ;  at 
right,  St.  Francis,  in  prayer.  Replica,  long 
attributed  to  Pordenone,  at  Hampton  Court, 
in  which  a  second  donor,  a  woman,  is  sub- 
stituted for  St.  Francis.— C.  A;  C.,  N.  Italy, 
ii.  127  ;  Law,  Hist.  Cat.  Hampton  Court,  -I:!. 

Uy  Andrea  Sularin,  Casa  I'oldi,  Milan  ; 
wood,  figures  one-fifth  life-size;  signed, 
dated  1515.  The  Virgin,  sitting,  holding 
Jesus,  to  whom  Joseph  is  presenting  fruit  ; 
in  background,  the  ass  in  a  glade. — C.  &  C., 
N.  Italy,  ii.  5! I. 

By  Titian,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft.  S  in.  • 
3  ft.  (!  in.  The  Virgin,  seated  under  a  tree 
to  the  left,  holds  Jesus  on  her  lap  ;  St.  John 
coming  forward  with  his  lamb  and  St.  Joseph 
looking  on  ;  in  distance  a  servant  leads  the 
ox  and  ass,  and  two  angels  in  the  air  carry 
the  cross  ;  landscape  background.  Painted 
in  1530 ;  belonged  to  Cardinal  Ma/.arin, 
bought  of  his  heirs  for  Louis  XIV.  Rej)- 
lica  of  Titian's  time  in  Escorial  ;  another 
from  Orleans  Gallery,  now  in  Holford  Gal- 
lery, London  ;  engraved  by  Teniers,  consid- 
ered by  Waagen  and  Miindler  superior  to 
that  in  Louvre  ;  others  in  Royal  Institution, 
Liverpool,  and  Modena  Gallery  ;  later  adap- 
tations in  Stockholm  and  Berlin  Galleries. 
— C.  <fc  C.,  Titian,  i.  341  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil., 
vii.  42!)  ;  Waagen,  Treasures,  ii.  194  ;  Miind- 
ler. Ivssai,  207  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  t>ole  venitienne. 

By  Paolo  Verowse,  Uftizi,  Florence;  can- 
vas, figures  life-size,  half-length.     The  Vir- 
,  gin  seated,  with  Jesus  asleep  in  her  lap  ;  at 


sro 


HOLY 


right,  infant  St.  John  kissing  the  foot  of  the 
child  ;  behind  him,  Joseph  restraining  him 
with  one  hand  ;  at  left,  St.  Catherine,  mak- 
ing a  gesture  as  if  of  silence.  Bought  in 
1(554  by  Cardinal  Leopoldo  do'  Medici,  from 
collection  of  Paolo  del  Sera,  Venice  ;  placed 
in  Uffizi  in  17!)8. — Lasinio,  Gal.  de  Florence, 
i.  PI.  71  ;  Ridolfi,  Marav.,  i.  325  ;  Molini, 
Gul.  di  Firenzc,  ii.  85  ;  Soc.  Ed.  and  Paris, 
Gal.  di  Firenzc,  PI.  83. 

Attributed  to  Leonardo  da  Vinc.i,  Hermit- 
age, St.  Petersburg  ;  wood,  H.  1  ft.  8  in.  x  1 
ft.  3  in.  Composition  similar  to  the  llfa- 
(loniin  of  the  Bas-relief,  but  infant  St.  John 
is  omitted,  and  a  young  woman  reading 
takes  the  place  of  Zacharias.  This  young 
woman  is  commonly  called  St.  Catherine  ; 
it  is  probably  a  portrait  of  the  sister-in-law 
of  Leo  X.,  who  became  the  wife  of  Giulio 
de'  Medici  in  1518.  Painted  after  1490  ; 
belonged  to  Dukes  of  Mantua,  and  was  lost 
when  their  palace  was  pillaged  by  the  Ger- 
mans. About  1770-77  it  came  into  posses- 
sion of  Abbe  Salvador!,  secretary  of  Count 
Firmian,  then  Governor  of  Mantua.  He 
concealed  it,  lest  he  should  have  to  return 
it  to  the  palace,  and  after  his  death  it  was 
sold  by  his  heirs  to  agents  of  Catherine  H. 
-  Heaton,  2:i2  ;  Rigollot,  Hist,  des  Arts,  etc., 
i.  '272  ;  Kugler,  ii.  283  ;  Gal.  dc  1'Hermitiige  ; 
Vasiiri,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  G3. 

HOLY  FAMILY— DEL  BACIXO,  or 
DELLA  CATIXA  (of  the  Basin),  Giulio 
Ilomann,  Dresden  Gallery  ;  wood,  H.  5  ft.  4 
in.  x  4  ft.  The  Virgin,  three-quarters  length, 
standing,  holding  Jesus,  who  stands  in  a 
basin,  into  which  the  infant  St.  John  is 
pouring  water  from  a  vase  ;  at  left,  St.  Eliza- 
beth with  a  towel ;  at  right,  in  background, 
head  of  St.  Joseph.  Painted  for  Duke  Fed- 
erigo  of  Mantua,  who  gave  it  to  his  mistress, 
Isabella  Buschetta  ;  purchased  from  Modena 
by  Augustus  III.  Engraved  by  M.  Ferry  ; 
G.  G.  Hipart. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  v.  545  ; 
Hiibner,  Dresden  Gallery,  i.  2 ;  Morelli, 
212  ;  W.  &  W.,  ii.  G77. 

HOLY  FAMILY  WITH  THE  BEARD- 
LESS JOSEPH  (Joseph  imberbe),  Raphael, 


Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg ;  wood,  trans- 
ferred to  canvas,  H.  2  ft.  3  in.  x  1  ft.  9f  in. 
Figures  half-length.  The  Virgin  seated  in 
a  marble  hall,  with  Jesus  on  her  knee  ;  St. 
Joseph  standing  near,  resting  both  hands 
upon  a  staff;  on  the  right,  a  landscape 
through  an  arched  window.  Painted  in 
150G  probably  for  Guidobaldo  da  Monte- 
feltro,  though  C.  &  C.  think  it  cannot  be 


Holy  Family,  Del  Bacino,  Giulio,   Romano,  Dresden  Gallery. 

the  picture  of  the  Urbino  inventory,  but 
may  be  the  second  one  painted  for  Taddeo 
Taddei,  said  to  have  belonged  in  17th  cen- 
tury to  Due  d'Angouleme  in  Paris  ;  sold  to 
one  Barroy,  and  finally  came  into  the  Crozat 
Collection ;  bought  of  Crozat  by  Empress 
Catherine.  Engraved  by  J.  Chereau  ;  C.  W. 
Ketterlinus  ;  A.  Pistchalkine. — Vasari,  ed. 
Mil.,  iv.  322  ;  Passavant,  ii.  44  ;  C.  &  C., 
Raphael,  i.  284 ;  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts,  xvii. 
(18G4),  317 ;  xix.  (1879),  187 ;  Cab.  Crozat, 
i.  PI.  30 ;  Gruyer,  Vierges  de  Raphael,  iii. 
272  ;  Descr.  de  FErmitage,  PI.  1 ;  Ruveil,  xi. 
769. 

HOLY  FAMILY,  CANIGIANI  (della  Casa 
Canigiani),  Raphael,  Munich  Gallery  ;  wood, 


HOLY 


H.  4  ft.  x3  ft.  3  in.;  signed.  The  Virgin, 
seated  in  a  meadow  at  right,  with  a  book  in 
her  left  hand,  supports  Jesus  with  the  other  ; 
he,  resting  upon  her  knee,  with  one  foot  on 
the  ground,  reaches  toward  tlio  infant  St. 
John,  who  is  sustained  at  left  by  St.  Eli/a- 
beth,  kneeling  ;  behind,  St.  Joseph,  standing, 
leaning  on  his  staff'  completes  the  pyramidal 
group  ;  background,  a  landscape.  Painted 


Canigiani    Holy   Family,   Raphael,   Munich   Gallery. 

about  150(5  for  Domenico  Canigiani,  of  Flor- 
ence ;  passed  into  hands  of  the  Medici,  and 
given  by  Cosmo  III.  to  his  daughter,  Anna 
Maria  Luisa,  on  her  marriage  in  KJDOwith  Jo- 
hann  Wilhelm,  Elector  Palatine  :  transferred 
to  Munich  from  Ddsscldorf  Gallery,  whence 
sometimes  called  Dusseldorf  Madonna. 
Much  repainted  ;  the  angels  in  the  sky  were 
so  much  injured  by  a  restorer  named  Colin, 
that  Krahe,  director,  caused  them  to  be 
painted  out.  Sketches  in  Albertina  Collec- 
tion, Vienna,  and  in  Due  d'Aumale's  Collec- 
tion, Chantilly.  Copy  in  Corsini  Gallery. 
Florence,  formerly  in  Casa  Rinuccini,  Flor- 
ence ;  probably  by  a  disciple  of  Raphael, 
though  landscape  looks  like  the  work  of  a 
Fleming.  Another  copy  in  sacristy  of  S. 


Frediano,  Florence.  Engraved  by  Bona- 
snne,  Rene  JSoirin.  Calendi,  Prestel,  Cosse, 
K.  Russ,  Carl  Hess  (1804),  S.  Amsler  ( 18M). 

Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  li'JC  ;  Passavant,  li. 
5:t  ;  Miint/,  11)1  ;  C.  tv,  C.,  Raphael,  i.  2!»4  ; 
(inner,  Vierges  do  Raphael,  iii.  'JSli  ;  Kug- 
ler  (Kastlake).  ii.  4'JH. 

HOLY  FAMILY  DHL  CORDERO  (<.f 
the  Lamb),  /iii/i/ini-l,  Madrid  Museum  ;  wood, 
H.  1U  in.  x8  in.:  signed,  dated  l."i(»7.  The 
Virgin,  half  kneeling,  holds  Jesus  on  a  lamb  ; 
St.  Joseph,  standing  and  leaning  on  his 
staff,  looks  on  ;  background,  landscape  with 
castle  on  a  hill  and  church  on  low  ground, 
with  llight  into  Egypt,  very  small  figures. 
Painted  in  Florence  ;  long  unnoticed  in 
Oratorio  of  the  Escorial  until  one  davDun 
Sebastian,  tin;  Infante,  examining  it,  was 
surprised  to  find  Raphael's  signature.  A 
tine  copy  of  Raphael's  time  sold  in  18-10  bv 
Signor  Baldesehi,  <if  Rome,  for  I'J.IHIO  scudi, 
to  Count  Castelbarco,  of  Milan,  who  sold  his 
collection  in  Paris  in  IsTll.  Manv  other 
copies.  Engraved  by  R.  Morghen  ;  Sade- 
ler.— C.  A.  C..  Raphael,  i.  :!:!7  ;  Passavant, 
ii.  55;  Miint/,  188;  (iruver.  Vierges  de 
Raphael,  iii.  l>'.l(i  ;  Madra/o.'  Is  I. 

HOLY  FAMILY— DHL  DIYINO 
AMORK  (of  Divine  Love),  attributed  to 
Raphael,  but  probably  by  (Jiulio  Uniiinini, 
Xaples  Museum;  wood,  H.  1  f t.  1 1  in.  1 
ft.  7  in.  The  Virgin  sitting  with  clasped 
hands  ;  Jesus  on  her  lap,  with  right  hand 
raised  as  if  blessing  St.  John,  who  kneels, 
holding  a  cross;  behind  is  St.  Eli/.abelh 
seated,  and  in  the  background  Joseph. 
Painted  about  15l:t  for  Leonello  Pio  da 
Carpi  ;  in  possession  of  Cardinal  Ridolfo 
Pio  da  Carpi  in  1558  ;  thence  passed  to 
Farnese  family  and  was  taken  to  Parma, 
whence  carried  to  Naples  by  King  Ferdi- 
nand I.;  in  1805,  on  the  approach  of  the 
French,  Queen  Caroline  took  it  with  her 
to  Palermo,  Vienna,  and  Constantinople, 
and  finally  brought  it  back  to  Naples.  Orig- 
inal sketch  in  Naples  Museum.  Engraved 
by  Marc  Antonio,  with  variations,  from  an 
original  sketch.  Pussavaut  mentions  many 


HOLY 


copies,  one  in  St.  Petersburg  attributed  by 
Waageu  to  Raffaello  dal  Colle,  though  oth- 
ers believe  it  to  be  the  original ;  but  Kug- 


Holy  Family  of  Francis  1.,  Raphael,  Louvre. 

ler  thinks  the  Naples  picture  a  genuine 
llaphael. — Yasari,  ed.  Mil,,  iv.  348  ;  Passa- 
vant,  ii.  121  ;  Gruyer,  Vierges  de  Raphael, 
iii.  823  ;  Kugler  (Eastlake),  ii.  375. 

HOLY  FAMILY  OF  THE  DOG.  See 
Holy  Family  del  Pajarito. 

HOLY  FAMILY  OF  FRANCIS  I.,  Raph- 
ael, Louvre  ;  wood,  transferred  to  canvas, 
H.  fi  ft.  G  in.  x  4  ft.  7  in. ;  signed,  dated 
1518.  The  Virgin,  bending  forward,  is 
raising  Jesus  from  the  cradle  ;  at  left,  SS. 
Elizabeth  and  John  kneeling  ;  on  right,  be- 
hind the  Virgin,  Joseph  in  contemplation  ; 
on  left,  two  angels,  one  with  crossed  arms, 
the  other  scattering  flowers.  Painted  in 
Rome  for  Lorenzo  de'  Medici,  who  pre- 
sented it,  with  the  large  St.  Michael  of  the 


by  Giulio  Romano.  Many  copies.  En- 
graved by  G.  Edelinck ;  Virg.  Solis  ;  Ri- 
chomme  ;  G.  Rousselet ;  P.  Drevet ;  J.  Che- 
reau  ;  Poilly. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  389  ;  v. 
525  ;  Gruyer,  Vierges  de  Raphael,  iii.  303  ; 
Passavant,  ii.  257  ;  Filhol,  x.  PI.  709  ;  Lan- 
don,  Musee,  i.  PI.  31  ;  Klas.  der  Malerei,  i. 
PI.  34  ;  Musee  royal,  ii.;  Cab.  Crozat,  i. 
PL  5. 

HOLY  FAMILY— DEL  LAGARTO, 
Raphael  (?),  Madrid  Museum  ;  wood,  H.  4 
ft.  9  in.  x  3  ft.  8  in.  The  Virgin  seated 
under  an  oak,  with  one  arm  resting  on  an 
antique  altar  decorated  with  bas-reliefs,  sus- 
tains Jesus  on  her  knees  with  the  other  ;  he 
looks  up  into  her  face  and  bends  forward  to 
put  his  arm  round  St.  John,  who  stands  near 
offering  him  a  scroll  inscribed  "Ecce  Agnus 
Dei ; "  each  child  rests  one  foot  on  a  cradle  ; 
on  right,  St.  Joseph,  leaning  upon  the  altar. 
Probably  painted  about  1517  by  Fr.  Penni 
after  a  design  by  RaphaeL  In  Royal  Alca- 


Holy  Family— del  Lagarto,  Raphael  (?),  Madrid  Museum. 


Louvre,  to  Francis  I.  of  France,  in  hope  of  !  zar,  Madrid,  time  Charles  H ;  removed  by 
gaining  his  support  in  his  pretensions  to  Philip  V.  to  Palace  of  S.  Ildefonso,  thence  by 
the  Duchy  of  Urbino.  Much  of  it  painted  \  Charles  III.  to  new  Palace.  Taken  to  Paris ; 


882 


HOLY 


returned  to  Madrid  in  1822.  Many  copies  : 
one  by  Giulio  Romano  in  Palazzo  Pitti, 
Florence,  has  a  lizard  in  foreground,  whence 
called  Madonna  della  Lucertola  ;  another, 
attributed  to  same,  at  Hampton  Court,  with- 
out lizard,  called  M.  della  Quercia  (of  the 
Oak),  a  name  applied  sometimes  also  to  the 
Madrid  example.  Engraved  by  Or.  Bona- 
sone,  Diana  Mantovana,  Ag.  Carraeci  (etch- 
ing), Carattoli,  and  others. — OJruyer,  Vierges 
de  Raphael,  iii.  382  ;  Passavant,  ii.  241) ; 
Madrazo,  194. 

HOLY  FAMILY  OF  THE  LAMB.  See 
IIiil>l  Family  del  Cordero. 

HOLY  FAMILY  OF  LORETO,  /,',,/,/mr/, 
original  lost  ;  figure  to  knees,  life-size. 
Virgin,  standing  behind  couch  of  Jesus, 
lifts  the  veil  which  covers  him  ;  St.  Joseph, 
leaning  on  a  staff,  behind  in  contemplation. 
Painted  in  Rome  about  1512-13  by  order 
of  Cardinal  Riario  for  S.  M.  del  Popolo  ; 
supposed  to  have  been  given  in  1717  to  the 
shrine  of  Loreto,  whence!  its  present  name. 
It  disappeared  at  the  close  of  the  last  cen- 
tury, and  is  only  known  now  through  its 
many  copies.  Discovery  of  original  often 
announced,  but  without  good  evidence. 
Poor  copy  in  Louvre  ;  better  example  lately 
placed  in  South  Kensington  Museum  bv 
Dr.  Axell  Lamm,  of  Stockholm.  This  is 
probably  the  copy  mentioned  by  Passavant 
as  "pen  remarquable,"  in  the  possession  of 
the  sculptor  Bystroem  at  Stockholm.  En- 
graved by  Michele  Lucchesc  (1553)  ;  Paulus 
Caronni. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  1C!!)  ;  Passa- 
vant, ii.  100  ;  Miintz,  375  ;  OJruyer,  Vierges 
de  Raphael,  iii.  810  ;  Springer  (Dohmc  2ii.), 
191  ;  Filhol,  iv.  PI.  230. 

HOLY  FAMILY  OF  NAPLES.  See 
Holy  Family  del  Divino  Atnore. 

HOLY  FAMILY  OF  THE  OAK.  See 
Huly  Family — del  Lagarto. 

HOLY  FAMILY— DEL  PAJARITO  (of 
the  Bird),  Mitrillu,  Madrid  Museum  ;  can- 
vas, H.  4  ft  9  in.  x  G  ft.  2  in.  St.  Joseph, 
seated  in  a  room,  supports  Jesus,  who  stands 
at  his  right  holding  a  goldfinch,  with  which 
he  amuses  a  dog  sitting  before  him  ;  on 


left,  the  Virgin  looking  on  while  winding 
yarn  from  a  reel.  C;Jled  also  Sacra  Fa- 
milia  del  Perrito  (of  the  Dog).  From  Pal- 
ace of  S.  Ildefonso  ;  carried  by  the  French 
to  Paris,  where  injured  by  cleaning  and  re- 
pairing. Engraved  by  J.  A.  S.  Carmona  ;  15. 


Huly  Family-del  PJ. 


.  to,  Mui    to,  Mjji  ,1 


(iallart  ;  etched  by  B.  Maura  ;  lithographed 
by  L.  /oellner  ;  A.  Lemoine  ;  J.  Vallejo.— 
Curl  is,  172  ;  Madrazo,  4l><>. 

HOLY  FAMILY  OK  THK  I'ALM  (Yierge 
an  Palmier),  lin/Jiai'/,  Bridgewater  House, 
London;  wood,  transferred  to  canvas;  round, 
3  ft.  4  in.  diameter.  The  Virgin,  seated 
under  a  palm,  holds  Jesus  astride  of  her 
knee  by  means  of  her  veil,  one  end  of  which 
is  swathed  around  his  body;  St.  Joseph,  on 
one  knee,  offers  flowers  to  the  child,  who 
stretches  out  both  hands  to  receive  them. 
Probably  the  second  of  two  painted  in  Flor- 
ence in  150(i  for  Taddeo  Taddei.  Belonged 
before  10KO  to  Countess  de  Cliiverni  in 
Paris,  then  to  Marquise  d'Aumont,  \vlio  sold 
it  for  5,000  livres  to  M.  de  la  None  ;  from 
his  collection  passed  to  President  Tambon- 
neau,  and  thence  to  the  Orleans  collection, 
at  the  sale  of  which  (179S)  bought  by  Earl 
of  Bridgewater  for  Cl.200.  Two  vertical 
splits  in  the  panel  have  necessitated  re- 
painting. Drawing  in  the  Louvre.  O'opied 
by  Philippe  de  O'hampagne  for  the  Abbey  of 
Port  Royal.  Engraved  by  E.  Rousselet 
(1<!5(>),  Jean  Rcymond,  Felix  Massard,  and 
Achille  Martinet  (1K44).—  Vasnri,  ed.  Mil., 
iv.  321  ;  Passavant,  ii.  38  ;  Milntz,  188  ;  C. 


SS3 


HOLY 


&  C.,  Raphael,  i.  285  ;  Gower,  Hist.  Gal.  of 

England  (London,  1881) ;  Felibien,  Entre- 
tiens,  i.  228  ;  Gruyer,  Yierges  de  Raphael, 
iii.  259  ;  Waagen,  Treasures,  ii.  20  ;  Cab. 
Crozat,  i.  PI.  23. 

HOLY  FAMILY  — LA  PERLA  (The 
Pearl),  lluphat'l,  Madrid  Museum  ;  wood, 
transferred  to  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  9  in.  x3  ft.  10 
in.  The  Virgin,  sitting  near  a  cradle,  hold- 
ing Jesus  on  her  knees  ;  he  has  one  foot  on 
the  cradle,  and  is  reaching  for  fruits  which 


Holy  Family— La  Peila,  Raphael,  Madiid  Museum. 

St.  John,  dressed  in  a  sheep  skin,  presents 
him  ;  on  right,  St.  Elizabeth  kneeling  ;  in 
background,  St.  Joseph  among  ruins.  Paint- 
ed about  1517  for  Fcderigo  II.,  Gonzaga, 
Duke  of  Mantua,  according  to  Passavant, 
but  probably  identical  with  the  Nativity 
described  by  Vasari  as  painted  for  Bishop 
Lodovico  da  Canossa  ;  passed  from  Canossa 
family,  Verona,  to  Duke  of  Mantua,  and  sold 
in  1028  to  Charles  I.  of  England  ;  bought 
after  Charles's  death,  for  £2,000,  by  Don 
Alonzo  de  Cardenas,  Spanish  Ambassador, 
for  Philip  IV.  of  Spain,  who  is  said  to  have 
exclaimed  when  he  saw  it:  "This  is  the 
pearl  among  my  pictures ! "  Carried  in  1813 


to  Paris,  where  transferred  to  canvas ;  re- 
turned to  Madrid  in  1822.  Many  copies. 
Engraved  by  Gio.  Baptista  Franco,  L.  Vor- 
stermau,  and  others.  The  M.  dellaGatta,  by 
Giulio  Romano,  Naples  Museum,  is  a  repe- 
tition of  the  Perla,  with  a  change  of  acces- 
sories ;  derives  its  name  from  the  cat  (gatta) 
crouching  at  St.  Elizabeth's  feet.  Engraved 
by  G.  B.  Franco  ;  L.  Vorsterman.  Giulio 
Romano  had  perhaps  some  hand  in  painting 
the  Perla. — Gruyer,  Vierges  de  Raphael,  iii. 
348  ;  Passavant,  ii.  250  ;  Kugler  (Eastlake), 
ii.  375  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  351 ;  Miintz, 
513  ;  Springer,  351  ;  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts,  xviii. 
(1878),  211  ;  Madrazo,  192. 

HOLY  FAMILY  WITH  SAINTS,  Ilagna- 
cavallo,  Bologna  Gallery  ;  wood,  H.  G  ft.  2 
in.  x  4  ft.  5  in.  The  Virgin,  seated  ;  Jesus, 
standing  in  his  cradle,  leans  across  her  lap 
to  reach  flowers  offered  by  St.  Joseph  ;  be- 
hind, standing,  SS.  Benedict,  Mary  Magda- 
'  len,  and  Paul  ;  in  background,  the  nativitj-. 
Formerly  in  S.  M.  Maddalena,  Bologna. 
Engraved  by  G.  Asioli. — Pinac.  di  Bologna, 
PI.  10. 

HOLY  FAMILY  WITH  ST.  ZACHA- 
RIAS.  See  Jfadoitna  with  Cherries. 

HOLZER,  JOHANN  EVANGELIST,  born 
at  Burgeis,  Tyrol,  in  1709,  died  at  Clemens- 
werth,  Hanover,  July  21,  1740.  German 
school ;  history  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  at 
Mcran  of  Nicholaas  Auer  ;  went  afterwards  to 
Augsburg,  where  he  worked  conjointly  with 
Johann  Geo.  Bergmiiller.and  later  independ- 
ently in  oil  and  fresco.  Works  :  Finding 
of  the  Cross,  Sketch  to  Mythological  Fresco 
Painting  in  Augsburg,  Faith,  Hope  and 
Love,  Emperor  Heraclius  divesting  himself 
of  the  Purple,  Artist's  Portrait,  Ferdinan- 
dcurn,  Innsbruck ;  Ecce  Homo ;  Peasant 
Wedding ;  Two  Altai-pieces,  Dominican 
Church,  Augsburg  ;  Fall  of  Angels,  Jesuit 
Church,  ib. ;  Portrait  of  Elector  Clemens  of 
Cologne  (1740).—  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xiii.  27  ; 
Wurzbach,  ix.  248. 

HOLZER,  JOSEF,  bora  in  Vienna,  March 
20,  1824,  died  there,  Jan.  17,  187G.  Land- 
scape painter,  pupil  of  the  Vienna  Academy, 


284 


IIOLZIIAB 

first  under  Klieber,  then  under  Thomas  song  ;  on  the  shore  are  gathered  the  great 
Ender  and  Franz  Steinfeld  ;  travelled  (184(>)  men  of  Greece — Orpheus  in  the  centre, 
ill  Germany,  Switzerland,  and  Belgium,  and  then  Hcsiod,  .Eschylus,  Sophocles,  Euripi- 
weut  in  185G  for  three  years  to  Munich,  dcs,  Aristophanes,  and  Pindar  ;  Phidias, 
His  landscapes  show  deep  feeling  for  nature  and  other  sculptors  and  painters;  the 
nnil  poetical  sentiment,  delicate  treatment  prophet  Baeis,  and  Solon,  Pericles,  and  Al- 
and good  drawing,  but  somewhat  dull  and  cibiades,  while  from  forest  and  field  the 
hard  colouring.  Member  of  the  Vienna  and  people  approach  to  partake  of  the  new  cult- 
Venice  Academies.  Works  :  Quiet  Wood-  ure. 

Nook,  Emperor  of  Austria  ;  Stag-Hunt  ;  In        1IOMF.U    AND    HIS    Gl'IDE,    A.lolplie 

the   Wiener  Wald  ;    View  in   the   Ramsau  ;  /.'HI'I/HC/VIIK,      Mrs.     A.     T.     Stewart,     New 

In  the  Beech-Grove  ;     View   in   Carpathian  Vork  ;    canvas.       The    blind    hard,    led    hv 

Moiiiitains    (2)    (185-1)  ;     Wood    Landscape  a    boyish    guide,    is    attacked    bv    dogs    set 

(18")!))  ;  Landscape  with  Oaks,  Vienna  Mu  on     by    rude     Ionian     shepherds  ;     in     (lie 

scum. — Kunst-Chrouik,  xi.  8;i:{  ;  Wurxbach,  background,     the    curs    rush     on    in     full 

ix.  250.  cry,    but     one,     in    the    foreground,    which 

HOL/HAB,  ADOLF,  bom   in  /iirich  in  lias  reached  the  poet,  lias  come  under  his 

18155.     Architecture  and   landscape  painter,  influence,  and   fauns  upon  him   in  suhmis- 

pupil   of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under  (hide  sioii.      Salon.    1*71.  --Art   Treas.  of  Amer., 

and   Pulian  ;   travelled   through   the  Rhine  i.  44. 

countries,     Southern    Germany,    Belgium,        HOMKR,   WINSLOW,    born    in   Boston, 

Holland,  France,  and  Italy.      Works:   View  Mass..    Feb.    24.    IN:!I;. 

near  Taiigermunde,  Siig  Alp  on  Reichenbncli,  Genre    painter,     pupil 

Mediaeval  Town  on  North  Sea,  /iirich  Gal-  of  the  National  Acad- 

lery  ;  Costumes    in    Switzerland;   Ruin    of  cmyandof  !•'.  Rondel. 

Convent    in    Black  Forest;  Town  of   Leuk  During   tlie    civil    war 

and  the  Gemmi ;  The  Wetterhorn. — Miiller,  sketched  for  Harper's 

205.  and    other  periodicals, 

HOMER,  APOTHEOSIS  OF,  Domini, pie  and  also  painted  works  s 

liii/ri'.->,   Louvre,   Paris;  canvas,   H.  12   ft.   S  in    oil    and    water-col-  " '  !y       } 

in.  x  l(i  ft.  10  in.;  signed,  dated  1827.     Ho-  ours.  KlertedanA.N.A. 

mer,  seated,  with  figures  representing  the  in  1804,  and  N.A.  in  1805.  Member  of  So- 
Iliad  and  the  Odyssey  at  his  feet,  is  crowned  ciety  of  Painters  in  Water  Colours.  Has  vis- 
by  Fame,  and  receives  the  homage  of  all  the  ited  Europe,  and  in  1884  5  made  a  sketch- 
great  men  of  Greece,  of  Rome,  and  of  mod-  ing  tour  in  the  West  Indies.  Studio  in  New 
ern  times.  Painted  for  a  ceiling  of  the  Mu-  York.  Works  in  oil:  /V/.--"»«rs  from  the 
Bee  Charles  X.,  Louvre,  but  replaced  now  Front ;  Cotton  Pickers;  Home,  Sweet  Home; 
by  a  copy.  Paris  Exposition,  1855;  after-  /ouaves  Pitching  Quoits  ;  Bright  Side  ;  As 
wards  in  Luxembourg.  Engraved  by  A.  You  Like  It  ;  Milking-Time  ;  In  the  Field  ; 
Martinet.  Original  sketch  also  in  Louvre.  Snap  the  Whip  (1870);  Rab  and  the  Girls, 
— Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Life,  !)1  ;  Bree/.ing  Up,  Charles  Stewart  Smith,  New 
Larousse,  i.  407.  York;  Sundown,  Upland  Cotton  (187!)); 

HOMER  AND  THE  GREEKS,  Wilhehn  Visit  from  the  Old  Mistress,  Sunday  Morn- 
von  Kaulliarli,  New  Museum,  Berlin  ;  mural  ing  (1880);  Coming  Away  of  the  Gale 
painting,  staircase  hall.  Homtr,  in  a  boat  (188:5)  ;  Uncle  Xed's  Happy  Family,  Life- 
steered  by  the  Cunwan  Sibyl,  approaches  Line  (1884).  Water-colours:  Fly-Fishing; 
the  shores  of  Greece  while  Thetis  and  the  Gardener's  Daughter;  After  the  Bath;  In 
Nereids  rise  from  the  sea  to  listen  to  his  the  Garden;  Manchester  Coast  ;  Launching 


IIOMME 


of  a  Boat,  Wrecking  of  a  Vessel  (1884).— 
Sheldon,  25. 

HOMME  AU  GANT  (Man  with  a 
Glove),  Titian,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  3  ft.  4 
in.  x2  ft.  11  in.;  signed.  A  young  man, 
dressed  in  black,  holding  a  glove  in  left 
hand.  A  noble  portrait  of  Titian's  middle 
period.  Copy  in  Brunswick  Gallery.  Be- 
longed to  Louis  XIV.— 0.  &  C.,  Titian,  ii. 
421. 

HONDECOETER,  GILLIS  D',  born  at 
Antwerp,  died  at  Amsterdam  (?)  after  1037. 
Flemish  school ;  landscape  and  bird  paint- 
er, pupil  at  Utrecht  of  Hoelant  Savery,  and 
at  Amsterdam  of  David  Vinckeboons  ;  a 
descendant  of  the  Brabantine  Marquises  of 
Westerloo.  At  first  painted  portraits  ;  re- 
moved to  Amsterdam,  where  he  lived  al- 
ready in  1015,  and  contracted  a  second 
marriage  in  1028.  Works :  Mountainous 
Landscape,  Berlin  Museum  ;  do.  (lOO'.l), 
Schleissheim  Gallery  ;  Bird  Concert,  Cas- 
sel  Gallery  ;  do.  (1620),  Fiirstenberg  Gal- 
lery, Donaueschingen  ;  Dead  Birds  (1055? 
attributed),  Rotterdam  Museum. — Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  xiii.  (17  ;  Kramm,  iii.  717  ;  Meyer, 
Gem.  ki'.ngl.  Mus.,  209. 

HONDKCOKTI'TR,  MELCHIOll  D',  born 
.  ,-.   .,  in  Utrecht  in  1030, 

died  in  Amster- 
dam, April  3, 10!>5. 
Dutch  school;  ani- 
mal painter,  sou 
and  pupil  of  Gys- 
bert  H.,  and  of  his 
uncle,  Jan  Baptista 
Weenix.  Painted 
birds  with  singular 
truthfulness,  and 
had  a  poetic  feeling  for  their  varied  habits. 
In  1659-03  member  of  Hague  guild  ;  in 
1088  took  the  freedom  of  Amsterdam. 
Works:  Birds  in  a  Park,  White  Turkey, 
Peacock  and  Turkey,  Louvre;  Crow  stripped 
of  Borrowed  Feathers  (1071),  Menagerie 
of  Prince  William  III.  at  Loo,  two  others, 
Hague  Museum  ;  Floating  Feather,  Hen 
defending  Chickens,  Parrots  and  Other 


Birds,  Dead  Birds,  Birds  and  Hare,  four 
others,  Amsterdam  Museum  ;  Peacock  and 
Poultry  in  a  Park  (1072),  Cock  Crowing, 
Still  Life,  Brussels  Museum  ;  Foreign  Water- 
Fowl,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Noah's  Ark,  Vessel 
with  Fish  (1661),  Brunswick  Museum  ;  Poul- 
try Yard  (1668),  Cock-Fight,  do.  (1686), 
Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  White  Peacock  and  other 
Fancy  Birds,  Cock-Fights  (2),  Cassel  Gal- 
lery ;  Chickens,  do.  and  Cock  defying  Bird 
of  Prey,  Bird  Concert,  Dead  Game-Birds  by 
a  Gun,  Dresden  Museum  ;  Domestic  Poul- 
try, Stiidel  Gallery,  Frankfort;  do.,  Cologne, 
Gotha  (3),  Hanover,  Leipsic,  Stuttgart  (3), 
Vienna  (2)  Museums,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Flor- 
ence, Venice  Academy,  Copenhagen  and 
Oldenburg  Galleries,  National  Gallery,  Lon- 
don (2),  Liverpool  Institution,  Leuchtenberg 
Gallery,  St.  Petersburg  ;  Cock-Fight,  Cock 
and  Hen  defending  Chickens  against  Turkey, 
Barn  Yard,  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Water- 
Fowls  (2),  Dead  Game  and  Hunting  Imple- 
ments (2),  Bird  Park,  Schleissheim  Gallery; 
Cock-Fight  (1668),  Hen  Family,  Turkish 
Ducks,  Dead  Poultry  (1678),  Poultry  Yard 
(1681),  Schwerin  Gallery;  Poultry  Yard, 
Pelican,  Cassowary,  etc.,  Dead  Game,  Her- 


MDhi 


^   \  -••; 


mitage,  St.  Petersburg.  —  Allgem.  d.  Biogr., 
xiii.  67  ;  Burger,  i.  101,  280  ;  Immerzeel,  ii. 
47  ;  Kramm,  iii.  717  ;  Kugler  (Crowe),  ii. 
457  ;  De  Stuers,  50. 

HONDIUS,  AB11AHAM,  born  in  Eotter- 
dam  in  1038,  died  in  London  in  1095. 
Dutch  school  ;  animal  and  genre  painter  ; 
went  early  to  London,  where  he  painted 
bear  and  boar  hunts,  conflagrations,  and 
nocturnal  gatherings  by  torchlight.  The 
truthfulness,  boldness,  and  vigour  of  this 
master  would  give  him  a  high  place  were 


HONIXGIIAUS 


his  drawing  correct  and  his  colouring  more 
harmonious.  Works  :  Sow  defending  her 
Young,  Rotterdam  Museum ;  Christ  as 
Gardener  (1GG2),  Oldenburg  Gallery  ;  Noc- 
turnal Carnival  Scene  in  Rome  (1660),  Dogs 
starting  Swan  (1670),  do.  chasing  Water- 
Fowl  (2),  Bear-hunts  (2),  Schwerin  Gallery  ; 
Boar-hunt  (1661),  Dresden  Museum  ; 
Wounded  Heron  pursued  by  Dogs,  Avignon 
Museum ;  Starting  for  the  Chase,  Utti/.i, 
Florence  ;  Wild  Boar  attacked  by  Dogs, 
Bear  do.,  Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Swan  at- 
tacked by  Dogs,  Glasgow  Gallery  ;  Party 
of  Ladies  and  Officers  (1668),  Guard-House, 
Bear-Hunt,  Stag- 
Hunt,  Hermitage, 
St.  Petersburg; 
Boar-Hunt,  New 
York  Museum. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xiii.  (Ill  ; 
Kugler  (Crowe),  ii.  455  ;  Burger,  ii.  313  ; 
Immerzeel,  ii.  48. 

HONINGHAUS,  ADOLF,  born  at  Cre- 
feld,  Rhenish  Prussia,  in  1811.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under 
Schirmer  ;  went  in  1843  to  Italy,  where  he 
studied  from  nature  four  years  ;  removed  to 
Dresden  in  1853.  Works  :  View  of  Terra- 
ciua  (1851),  Diisseldorf  Gallery  ;  St.  Peter's 
and  the  Vatican  (1852),  Cologne  Museum. 
— Miiller,  265. 

HONORIUS,  Jean  Paul  Lnunw,  D.  (). 
Mills,  New  York  ;  canvas,  H.  G  ft.  x  4  ft. 
The  Emperor  Honorius,  son  of  Theodosius 
the  Great,  who  became  Emperor  of  the  West 
on  the  death  of  his  father,  A.I>.  395.  Repre- 
sented crowned,  in  a  purple  robe,  seated 
upon  a  throne,  with  the  sword  of  state  in 
his  right  hand,  and  his  left  hand  resting  on 
the  globe  crested  with  Victory.  Salon,  1880. 
— Art  Treas.  of  Amer.,  ii.  110. 

HONTHORST,  GERARD  VAN,  born  at 
Utrecht,  Nov.  4,  1590,  died  there,  April  27, 
1656.  Dutch  school ;  history,  genre,  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Abraham  Bloc- 
mart,  but  spent  several  years  in  Rome, 
where  he  studied  the  pictures  of  Caravaggio, 
and  found  a  patron  in  the  Marchese  Giusti- 
niani.  As  he  painted  many  night  scenes 


lighted  by  torches  or  candles,  he  was  sur- 
named  Gherardo  dalle  Notti.  After  his  re- 
turn lie  worked 
(1619-20)  at  the 
court  of  King 
Frederic;  in 
Prague,  Liter  for 
Charles  I.  in 
England,  where 
in  1(128  he  exe- 
cuted portraits 
and  historical 
paintings  for  the 

Banqueting  Hall,  Whitehall.  He  was  fret; 
of  the  Utrecht  guild  in  1G2:),  and  at  The 
Hague  in  l(i:'>7.  In  1G45  50  he  worked 
chiefly  for  the  princes  of  Orange,  but  also 
painted  a  series  of  pictures  from  Danish 
history  for  the  King  of  Denmark,  and  in 
his  later  years  a  number  of  portraits  for 
Frederick  William,  Elector  <>f  Brandenburg. 
His  early  pictures  are  preferable  to  those 
painted  after  his  journey  to  Italy  (1612- 
15),  where  he  imitated  Caravaggio  and 
Correggio  in  his  night  pieces,  Rubens  in 
his  historical  paintings,  and  Mierevelt  in 
his  portraits.  He  worked  very  rapidly.  His 
numerous  works  are  markedly  realistic,  show 
skilful  arrangement,  good  drawing,  and  pow- 
erful chiaroscuro,  but  they  are  deficient  in 
elevation.  Works  :  Lute-Player  (1614).  Con- 
cert (1G24),  Pilate  washing  his  Hands,  Young 
Shepherd,  Triumph  of  Silenus,  Man  tuning 
Mandoline,  two  portraits,  Louvre  ;  St.  Mary 
Magdalen,  Bordeaux  Museum  ;  Soldier  sleep- 
ing on  a  Drum,  Aremberg  Gallery,  Brussels  ; 
Portrait  of  Stadhouder  Willem  II.,  Portraits 
of  two  young  Princesses  (165:1),  do.  of  Fred- 
eric William  I.  Elector  of  Brandenburg  and 
1  Louise  Henriettc  of  Nassau,  do.  of  Prince 
Frederik  Hendrik  and  Wife,  Nude  Child 
plucking  Pears,  Hague  Museum  ;  Merry 
Musician,  Portrait  of  Princess  Amalia  van 
Solms  (1650),  do.  of  Prince  Frederik  Hen- 
drik, do.  of  Princo  Willem  II.  (2),  Museum, 
Amsterdam;  Maria  de'  Medici  (1638),  New 
Town  Hall,  ib.;  Tete-a-tete,  Soldier— Male 
Portrait  ( 1G47),  Rotterdam  Museum ;  Singer, 


2S7 


IIOXTI10RST 


Haarlem  Museum  ;  Flc:i-liuiit  by  Candle- 
light, Basic  Museum  ;  Liberation  of  Peter, 
Esau  selling  liis  Birthright,  Backgammon 
(1(524),  Berlin  Museum  ;  Boy  with  Flute, 
Musical  Party,  four  others,  Brunswick  Mu- 
seum ;  Man  with  Wine-Glass,  Carlsruhe  Gal- 
lery ;  Old  Woman  weighing  Money,  St.  Ce- 
cilia at  the  Organ  with  Angels  Accompanying, 
Satyr  and  Old  Woman,  Magdalen  Penitent, 
Musical  Entertainment,  Cassel  Gallery  ;  Na- 
tivity. Cologne  Museum  ;  Queen  Margaret 
and  King  Albrecht  (1G!)0),  Family  Concert, 
Hicli  Old  Man  with  his  Son,  Diana  adorned 
by  her  Nymphs  (1G.">0),  Female  Portrait, 
Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Christ  with  Nicode- 
mus  at  Night,  Portrait  of  Princess  Sophie 
of  the  Palatinate,  Lute-Player  Singing,  Male 
Portrait,  Female  do.  (1(541),  Darmstadt  Mu- 
seum ;  Dentist  (1G22),  Old  Woman  with 
Coin,  do.  with  Candle,  Female  Portrait  (?), 
Dresden  Museum  ;  Peter's  Denial,  Peter 
Penitent,  Woman  Undressing,  Burial  of  St. 
Sebastian  (V),  Gotha  Museum  ;  Deliverance 
of  St.  Peter,  Cimon  and  Pera,  Prodigal  Son, 
do.  (1G23),  Christ  in  the  Temple  (?),  Ceres 
seeking  her  Daughter  Proserpine,  Old  Pina- 
kothek,  Munich  ;  Dutch  Tavern  Scene,  Ol- , 
denburg  Gallery ;  Flute-Player,  Sclnveriii 
Gallery  ;  Portrait  of  a  Princess  (1(552),  Wei- 
mar Museum  ;  Christ  before  Caiaphas,  Pe- 
ter's Denial,  Woman  Spinning,  The  Concert, 
Old  Woman  in  Prayer,  Man  with  Wine-Glass, 
Guitar-Player,  Girl  adorning  Herself,  Pala- 
tine Charles  Louis,  Prince  Rupert  of  the 
Palatinate,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg;  Old 
Man  Pleading,  National  Gallery,  Pesth ; 
Christ  before  Pilate,  St.  Jerome,  Boy  with 
Dog,  Vienna  Museum  ;  Supper  Part}'  (2), 
Fortune-Teller,  Holy  Family,  Adoration  of 
Shepherds,  Artist's  Portrait,  Uffizi,  Flor- 
ence ;  Lot  and  his  Daughters,  Borghesc  Pal- 1 
nee,  Rome  ;  Incredulity  of  St.  Thomas,  Mad- 
rid Museum  ;  Chrict  before  Pilate,  Stafford 
House,  London  ;  Duke  of  Buckingham  and 
Family,  Hampton  Court  Palace  ;  Elector- 
Palatine  Frederick  as  King  of  Bohemia,  His 
Queen,  Charles  I.,  Prince  Rupert,  Artist's 
Portrait,  Combe  Abbey  (Earl  of  Craven) ; 


Countess  of  Bedford,  Woburn  Abbey  ;  Mu- 
sic Lesson,  Sealing  the  Letter,  Historical 
Society,  New  York  ;  Conflagration,  Pennsyl- 


vania  Academy,  Philadelphia  ;  Ceres  trans- 
forming  a  Boy  into  a  Lizard,  Mu- 
mcn  Gallery  ;  Dentist,  Dresden 
Gallery.  —  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xiii. 
94  ;  Gower,  Figure  Painters,  5, 
Kl  ;  Burger,  Musees,  i.  (53  ;  ii.  200  ;  Kugler 
(Crowe),  ii.  347  ;  Immerzeel,  ii.  50  ;  Kramm, 
iii.  7'23  ;  Riegel,  Beitriige,  ii.  172  ;  Sandrart, 
ii.  303. 

HONTHORST,  GUILLIAM  (Willem), 
born  at  Utrecht  in  1G04,  died  there  in  16(5G. 
Dutch  school  ;  history  and  portrait  painter, 
brother  of  Gerard  H.,  pupil  of  Bloemart  ; 
accompanied  the  Princess  Louisa  Henrietta 
of  Orange,  wife  of  the  Great  Elector,  to 
Berlin  in  1050,  and  returned  to  Holland  in 
16G4.  The  portraits  by  him,  mostly  pre- 
served in  the  Prussian  royal  residences,  re- 
semble those  of  his  brother,  but  are  smooth- 
er and  colder  ill  tone.  Works  :  Portrait  of 
William  II.  of  Orange  (1G47)  and  his  Wife, 
and  of  Amalie  von  Solms,  Berlin  Museum  ; 
Portraits  of  two  Countesses  of  Nassau,  Gotha 
Museum  ;  Prince  Frederik  Hendrik  of  Or- 
ange (1G47),  William  II.,  Three  little  Sisters, 
Schwerin  Gallery  ;  Portrait  of  Mary  of  Or- 
ange, Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Portraits  of  Will- 
iam H.  (2),  Amsterdam  Museum.  —  Kramm, 
iii.  728  ;  Schlie,  280. 

HOOCH  (Hooghe),  PIETER  DE,  born  in 
Rotterdam,  baptized  probably  Dec.  12,  1632, 
died  in  Haarlem  (?)  in  1G81.  Dutch  school  ; 
genre  painter,  formed  himself  under  the  in- 
fluence of  Karel  Fabritius  and  Rembrandt  ; 
worked  at  Delft,  where  he  entered  the  guild 
in  1655,  perhaps  also  at  Haarlem.  One  of 
the  most  original  artists  of  the  Dutch  school; 
painted  domestic  scenes,  especially  in  the 


IIOOGSTRATEN 


oj>en  air,  and  is  considered  tho  best  painter   nun  with  Pipe  and  Pitcher,  Vienna  Museum, 
of  clear  sunlight.     His  prevailing  local  col-   — Immerzeel,  ii.  5:t. 


our  is  red,  repeated 
with  great  delicacy  in 
various  planes  of  dis- 
tance. Works  :  Court 
of  Dutch  House 
(1658),  Courtyard  of 
do.  (1665),  Interior  of 
do.,  National  Gallery, 
London  ;  A  Court- 
yard, Card-Playera 
(1058),  Buckingham 


HOOGSTRATEN,  SAMUEL  VAN,  born 
at  Dordrecht  in  1027 
(?),  died  there,  Oct.  Ill, 
1(578.     Dutch  school  ; 
son  and  pupil  of  Dirk 
II..  and  in  1640  entered 
school  of  Rembrandt. 
Painted  at  first  chiefly     /- - 
portraits    at    The       f  /V/^ 
HiL'iie  and  Dordrecht,  ;   , 

later    painted    land- 
Palace  ;   Woman   and   Child,  Lord  Asllbur-    scapes,    marines,    ani- 

ton  ;  Door  of  Ale-House,  Lord  Overstone,  mals.  and  still-life.  Resembled  Pieter  dc 
London;  Lady  and  Gentleman  at  Cards,  Hooch  in  the  light  and  cool  tone  of  his  pict- 
Dutch  Interior  (2),  Louvre;  Artist's  Por-  ures.  In  1051  he  went  to  Vienna,  Rome, 
trait  (1051),  The  Cellar,  Couple  engaged  in  and  London,  finding  admirers  everywhere. 
Music,  The  Letter  (1070),  Woman  combing  He  also  wrote  a  book,  called  '•Introduction 
Girl's  Hair,  Married  Couple  before  Country  to  the  High  Art  School."  Works  :  Portrait 
House,  Mother  and  Child,  Amsterdam  Mu-  of  Matheus  van  den  llroueke,  Sick  Girl, 
scum;  Dutch  Interior,  Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Amsterdam  Museum;  Lady 

do.,  Lille,  Berlin,  Darmstadt,  Nuremberg  V— 4  walking  in  Court-Yard.  Hague 
Museums,  Carlsruhe,  Cassel,  and  Schleiss-  **rvl  Museum;  Male  Portrait  (1651), 
heim  Galleries,  Stiidel  Gallery,  Frankfort,  JT*  7  Berlin  Museum  ;  Old  Jew  (10511), 
Knnsthalle,  Hamburg,  Old  Pinakothek,  Mu-  *|  -I  Inner  Court  of  Imperial  Castle 
nich ;  Minuet,  Family  Concert,  Domestic  ^0*^1  (.1052),  Vienna  Museum. — All- 
Scene,  Copenhagen  Gallery;  Lace-Maker,  gem.  d.  IJiogr. ,  xiii. '.i'.(  ;  Burger, 
Lady  and  Cook-Maid,  Lady  and  Cavalier  Musees,  i.  222;  ii.  51;  Kugler  (Crowe),  ii. ; 
Singing  and  Playing,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters-  Immer/.eel,  ii.  53  ;  Krannn,  iii.  ".'!',)  ;  Stuers. 
burg;  The  Letter,  Leuchtenberg  Gallery,  54;  Kunst-Chronik  (1865),  (50. 
ib. ;  Ciinmiltuliun,  formerly  Narischkine  Col-  HOOK,  JAMES  CLARKE,  born  in  Lon- 
lection,  ib. ;  Paint-  don,  Nov.  21,  1*1'.'. 
er  in  his  Studio,  History,  marine,  and 
Czeruin  Gallery,  genre  painter,  pupil 
Vienna. — Burger,  of  Royal  Academy  in 
Musees,  i.  !)S  ;  ii.  1SISO  ;  exhibited  first 
56;  Dohme,  Iii.;  picture,  The  Hard 
(lower,  Figure  Task,  in  1S:!'.I  ;  won 

Painters,  69;  Havard,  A.  &  A.  boll.,  iii.  01 ;  in  1N45  gold  medal 
Immerzeel,  ii.  51;  Krannn,  iii.  7:i2  ;  Kug-  for  best  historical 
ler  (Crowe),  ii.  385.  picture,  Finding  of 

HOOGSTRATEN,  JAN  VAN,  born  at  the  Body  of  Harold, 
Dordrecht  about  1625,  died  in  Vienna  in  nnd  in  1840  the  travelling  studentship  by 
1654.  Dutch  school ;  history  and  genre  bin  Ri/pah,  and  went  to  Italy.  Painted  at 
painter,  brother  and  pupil  of  Samuel,  with  first  principally  Italian  subjects,  but  in  1854 
whom  he  travelled  and  worked  at  the  im-  began  his  series  of  "English  pastorals" 
perial  court  iii  Vienna.  Work,  Two  Wo-  which  have  brought  him  fame.  Elected  an 


. HOOCH 


SM) 


I10PFGAIITEN 


A.R.A.  in  1850,  and  R.A.  in  1SGO.  Ho  has 
since  visited  Brittany,  Norway,  and  Holland 
in  search  of  subjects.  Works  :  Rest  by  the 
Wayside  (1854);  Birthplace  of  the  .Streamlet 
(1855) ;  Passing  Cloud,  "Welcome  Bonny 
Boat  (1851!) ;  Widow's  8011  going  to  Sea, 
Signal  on  the  Horizon  (1857) ;  Gathering 
Eggs  (1858)  ;  Luff  Boy  !  (1859)  ;  Whose 
Bread  is  on  the  Waters,  Oh !  Well  for  the 
Sailor  Lad,  Stand  Clear  (18(!0) ;  Sea  Urchins 
(1801)  ;  Breton  Fishermen's  Wives,  Mack- 
erel Take  (18(55)  ;  Mother  Carey's  Chickens 
(18(57)  ;  Morning  after  a  Gale  (1808);  Fish 
from  the  Doggcrbank  (1870) ;  Market  Girls 
at  a  Fjord  (1871)  ;  Jolly  as  a  Sand-Boy 
(1872)  ;  Jetsam  and  Flotsam,  Kelp  Burners 
—Shetland  (1874)  ;  Hearts  of  Oak  (1875)  ; 
Seaside  Ducks,  Crabbers  (1870)  ;  Word 
from  the  Missing  (1877) ;  Coral  Fisher 
(1878)  ;  Tanning  Nets,  Mushroom  Gather- 
ers (187!))  ;  Diamond  Merchants  (1881)  ; 
Devon  Harvest  Cart,  Caller  Herrin'  (1882); 
Catching  a  Mermaid,  Surrey  Stream,  Wily 
Angler  (188:5);  Wild  Harbourage,  Mirror  of 
the  Sea-Mew,  Catching  Sand-Launce  (1884). 
His  son,  Brvan  Hook,  was  awarded  the  Tur- 
ner gold  medal  and  scholarship  at  the  Roy- 
al  Academy  in  1882. — Meyuell,  100  ;  Art 
Journal  (1850),  41  ;  Portfolio  (1871),  181. 

HOPFGARTFN,  AUGUST,  born  in  Ber- 
lin, March  17,  1807.  History  painter,  pupil 
of  Kuscheweyh,  then  of  Berlin  Academy 
under  Dahliug,  Nicdlich,  and  Wach  ;  won 
a  prize  in  1825,  studied  in  Home  (1827-32), 
then  decorated  two  ducal  chapels  in  Wies- 
baden, and  in  1835  returned  to  Berlin, 
where  in  1854  he  became  professor  and 
member  of  the  Academy.  Works:  Raphael 
finding  Model  for  Madonna  della  Sedia ; 
Dressing  the  Bride  ;  Girls  feeding  Swans  ; 
Finding  of  Moses  ;  Boaz  and  Ruth  ;  Sara- 
cen Robbers ;  Tasso  and  Leonora  of  Este 
(1839),  Female  Head,  National  Gallery,  Ber- 
lin ;  Roses  of  St.  Elizabeth,  Thorwaldsen 
Museum,  Copenhagen  ;  Youth  of  Bacchus 
(1865),  Konigsberg  Museum.  Fresco:  Com- 
ing of  the  Holy  Ghost,  Chapel  of  Royal 
Palace,  Berlin.  —  Cotta's  Kuustbl.  (1834), 


170  ;  Kunstbl.  (1854),  401  ;  Miiller,  260  ; 
Rosenberg,  Berl.  Malersch.,  31. 

HOP  GARDENS  OF  ENGLAND,  Cecil 
Laivxoii,  private  gallery,  England  ;  canvas, 
H.  5  ft.  X  7  ft.  Scene  in  neighbourhood  of 
Wrotham,  Kent,  in  September,  when  the 
1  hops  are  ripe  and  ready  for  picking.  The 
small  circular  buildings  at  left  are  the  oasts, 
or  kilns,  for  drying  the  hops  over  heated 
Hues.  The  machine  in  the  foreground  is 
an  instrument  for  clearing  the  weeds  be- 
tween the  rows.  Painted  in  1874  ;  rejected 
by  Royal  Academy,  1875  ;  Grosvenor  Gal- 
lery, 1879.  Engraved  by  J.  Sadeler  ;  etched 
by  Hubert  Herkomer. — Art  Journal  (1880), 
4  ;  Gosse,  Cecil  Lawson,  24. 

HOPPNER,  JOHN,  born  at  Whitechapel, 
London,  April  4,  1758,  died  there,  Jan.  23, 
1810.  AVlien  young  was  a  chorister  in  the 
Royal  Chapel,  but  in  1775  became  a  pupil 
of  Royal  Academy,  and,  by  the  patronage 
of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  became  a  fashion- 
able portrait  painter,  finding  a  rival  only 
in  Lawrence.  The  Prince,  the  Duke  and 
Duchess  of  York,  and  many  other  notable 
personages  were  among  his  sitters.  Became 
in  1793  an  A.R.A.,  and  in  1795  R.A.  Pub- 
lished, in  1803,  "  A  Select  Series  of  Portraits 
of  Ladies  of  Rank  and  Fashion,"  painted  by 
him.  Works:  William  Pitt,  "Gentleman" 
Smith  the  Actor,  Countess  of  Oxford,  Na- 
tional Gallery  ;  others  in  National  Portrait 
Gallery,  and  at  Hampton  Court. — Redgrave  ; 
F.  dc  Conches,  359,  370  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole 
anglaisc  ;  Sandby,  i.  308  ;  Bygone  Beauties, 
eng.  by  Wilner  after  Hoppner  (London, 
1883) ;  Art  Journal  (1886),  54. 

HORATII,  OATH  OF  THE,  Louis  David, 
Louvre,  Paris  ;  canvas,  H.  10  ft.  10  in.  X  14 
ft;  signed,  dated  Rome,  1784.  The  three 
brothers,  their  hands  extended  towards 
their  father,  receive  from  him  the  arms 
with  which  they  are  to  contend  with  the 
three  Curiatii  (Livy,  i.  24-5).  Camilla,  the 
betrothed  of  one  of  the  Curiatii,  overcome 
with  grief,  leans  her  head  upon  the  shoulder 
of  Sabina,  wife  of  the  eldest  of  the  Horatii, 
while  the  mother  of  the  Horatii  embraces 


IIORCICKA 


lier  two  grandchildren  in  the  background.  Miniatures,  National  Museum.  Munich  ; 
Salon,  178;").  Sketch,  with  changes,  in  Hortulus  Aniin:i',  and  several  Codices.  Im- 
Louvre.  Engraved  by  Morel.—  Lundon,  periol  Library,  Vienna ;  Psalter  and  Offici- 
Musce,  vii.  PI.  01.  mil  in  three  Folio  Volumes,  Vatican,  Koine. 

HORCICKA,  FRANZ,  born  in  Prague,  —Immerzeel,  ii.  55  ;  Kramni,  iii.  747;  Mich- 
June  2!),  1770,  died  there,  April  r>,  LS5(;.  ids,  vi.,  40(i ;  Nagler,  Mon.,  ii.  :!7. 
History  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  from  IK  (REMANS,  JAN  JO/KF,  the  elder, 
17KO  of  Ludwig  Kohl,  and  from  ISOII  of  born  at  Antwerp,  baptized  Nov.  lii,  HIS1.', 
IJergler  in  the  Academy.  At  Prague  he  died  then-,  Aug.  7,  17-V.I.  Flemi*h  school  ; 
was  the  first  portrait  painter  of  the  day  un-  genre  painter,  tirst  instructed  by  the  sculp- 
til  Jacob  Clinzel  supplanted  him  in  1S2'J.  tor  Michiel  van  der  Voort,  tlien  pupil  of 
Invented  a  valuable  way  of  restoring  pict-  Jan  van  Pee;  master  of  the  guild  in  170(i. 
nres,  and  in  1S11  started  the  first  public  art  His  pictures  were  skilfully  composed,  but 
exhibition  in  Prague. 
Works:  St.  Wenceslansde- 
stroving  the  Idol  Swan- 
tovit  ;  St.  Albert  blessing 
the  Country,  St.  George 
ami  the  Dragon  ;  Holy 
Trinity :  Portraits  of  Ig- 
natius Cornova,  of  the 
Mathematician  ( ierstner, 
of  Abbe  Dobrowsky,  of  the 
Philosopher  Uolxano,  the 
Historian  Pel/el,  the  Phy- 
siologist Purkyne. —  All- 
gem.  deutsche  15iogr.,  xiii. 
125. 

HOREBOUT  (Hooren- 
bout,  Horebault,  Home- 
bold),  GERARD,  born  in 
Ghent  (?)  about  14KO,  died 
in  London  in  l.")40.  Flem- 
ish school  ;  history  painter,  supposed  pupil  heavy  and  untruthful  in  colouring, 
of  Memling,  and  one  of  tlie  great  masters  Admission  of  an  Abbot  into  I'Vnrin 
of  the  old  Flemish  school,  excelling  espe-  pany.  Antwerp  Museum  ;  Musical  Conipany 
cially  as  a  painter  of  miniatures,  of  which  |171">).  Brunswick  Museum  ;  Comjiany 
the  famous  breviary  of  Charles  V.  may  be  around  Table.  Lady  making  I>og  I>ance, 
taken  as  an  example.  He  was  in  Ghent  in  Dutch  Peasant  Room,  Company  of  Peasants, 
1510-11,  worked  for  the  Princess  Margaret  Interior  of  Gardener's  Dwelling.  Cassel  (!al- 
of  Austria  in  1510-21,  and  Albreeht  Purer  lery  ;  Peasants'  Frolic  in  a  Tavern,  P.rawl  iu 
knew  him  in  the  latter  year  at  Antwerp,  a  Tavern,  Darmstadt  Museum  ;  Tavern 
Having  afterwards  gone  to  England,  ho  was  Scenes  ('2).  Copy  after  Hogarth's  Harlot's 
appointed  painter  to  Henry  VIII.  Works:  Progress.  Historical  Society,  New  York; 
Double  Diptych  (attributed  to  Memling),  Shoemaker  in  his  Shop,  Mother  by  a  Cradle 
Antwerp  Museum  ;  Madonna  Enthroned  (?),  Sewing.  Dresden  Museum  :  Peasant  Family 
Darmstadt  Museum  ;  Madonna,  Christ  tak-  at  Table  (2),  Hanover  Gallery;  Village 
iug  Leave  of  his  Mother,  Prayer  Book  with  School,  Shoemaker's  Shop  (171'J),  \ienna 


110  REMANS 


Museum  ;  Shoemaker's  Family,  Tea  Seller, 
Card  Players,  Saying  Grace.  Uflizi,  Florence; 
Tavern  Scenes  (2),  Historical  Society,  New 
York  ;  Country  School,  Pennsylvania  Acad- 


rmy,  Philadelphia.  —  Kranim,  iii.  7-18  ; 
Rooses  (Reber),  449  ;  Van  den  Brandon, 
1189. 

HOREMAXS,  -TAX  JO/EF,  the  younger, 
born  at  Antwerp,  Jan.  15,  1714,  died  after 
1700.  Flemish  school ;  genre  painter,  son 
and  pupil  of  Jan  Jo/ef  the  elder  ;  entered 
the  guild  in  17(17.  Subjects  similar  to  those 
of  his  father,  but  drawn  from  a  higher 
grade  of  society.  Works:  Antwerp  Family 
at  Table  (175S),  Cavalier  and  two  Ladies  in  a 
Landscape,  Theodor  van  Lerius,  Antwerp  ; 
Signing  the  Marriage  Contract  (17(>7),  Wer- 
brouck  Family  (1785),  P.  J.  Taeymans,  ib. ; 
Heading  the  Marriage  Contract  (17(58), 
Flemish  Kirmess,  A.  Yerachtert,  ib. ;  Fish 
Market,  Spring,  Summer,  Autumn,  Winter, 
Landlord  and  his  Tenant,  Horse  Pond,  lie- 
turning  from  the  Hunt,  Xew  York  Muse- 
um.— Kramm,  iii.  749  ;  Yan  den  Branden, 
1191. 

HOREMAXS,  PEETER  JACOB,  born  at 
Antwerp,  baptized  Oct.  20,  1700,  died  in 
Munich  in  177li.  Flemish  school ;  genre 
and  portrait  painter,  brother  and  pupil  of 
Jan  Jozef  the  elder  ;  went  in  1725  to  Mu- 
nich, where  two  years  later  he  was  made 
court  painter  to  Elector  Charles  Albrecht 
(Emperor  Charles  YII.).  Works :  Fruit- 
piece  (17C8),  Augsburg  Gallery ;  Woman 
and  two  Children,  Brunswick  Museum  ; 
Violin  Player,  Provinzial  Museum,  Hanover; 
Fruit-pieces  (2)  (17CG),  Male  Portrait,  Fe- 
male do.  (2),  Germanic  Museum,  Nurem- 


berg ;  Artist's  Portrait,  Sculptor  Grooft 
(17GG),  Male  Portraits  (2)  (1774),  Emperor 
Charles  VII.,  Duchess  Maria  Anna,  Duchess 
Theresa  Beuedicta,  Duke  Clemens  August 
(1743),  Duke  Johann  Theodor  (1743),  Duch- 
ess Maria  Anna  Cai'oline  (1738),  Duke  Fer- 
dinand Maria  Innocenz  (1735),  Duke  Maxi- 
milian Franz  de  Paula  (1738),  Electress 
Therese  Kunigunde,  Electress  Maria  Anna, 
Elector  Max  Emanuel,  Empress  Marie 
Amalie,  Duchess  Marie  Antonie  (1742), 
Schleissheim  Gallery  ;  Peasant  Kitchen, 
Children's  School,  Bowlers,  Game  at 
Draughts,  Tavern  Scenes  (2),  Uffizi,  Flor- 
ence.— Kramm,  iii.  74!) ;  Repertorium  f.  K  , 
ii.  425  ;  Hiegel,  Beitriige,  ii.  141  ;  Van  den 
Branden,  1102. 

HORXEMAXX,  FRIEDRICH  ADOLF, 
born  at  Hanover,  May  10,  1813.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy  under 
Cornelius,  whom  he  assisted  in  the  fresco 
paintings  in  the  Ludwigskirche  ;  lived  then 
for  several  years  in  Paris  and  Hamburg  ; 
visited  Southern  Russia  in  1855,  became 
honorary  member  of  St.  Petersburg  Acad- 
emy, and  in  18G7  settled  in  Diisseldorf. 

j  Works  :  PtVe  David  (185G),  Children  teas- 
ing Magpie  (1857),  A  Cardinal  (1858), 
Russian  Officers  in  Circassian  Captivity 
(1850),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg ;  Wedding 
Banquet  ;  Wandering  Musicians  ;  Morning 
Greeting  ;  Vaccination  in  the  Country  (18G8); 
Return  of  Landwehrman  ;  Grandmother's 
Birthday  ;  Forgive  my  Sin  (1875) ;  Thou 
my  Love,  A  Monk,  Rural  Dance  (1880).— 
Milller,  2GG. 

HORNUXG,  JOSEF,  born  in  Geneva  in 
1702,  died  there,  Feb.  3,  1870.  History 
painter,  instructed  by  a  painter  of  the  clas- 
sical French  school ;  tried  first  landscape 
painting,  but,  by  advice  of  Toepffer  the 

!  elder,  turned  to  genre,  and  soon  made  a 
name,  especially  in  France,  with  his  scenes 
from  Savoyard  life  ;  finally  took  up  histori- 
cal subjects,  which  he  treated  with  a  pro- 
found knowledge  of  the  spirit  and  condi- 
tions of  the  IGth  century.  Works :  Feasting 

,  Savoyards ;  Merry  Shoemaker  ;  Little  Chim- 


HORNY 

ney  Sweep  ;  Last  Momenta  of  Calvin  (1835),  1871.    Battle  painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Acad- 

Catherine   de'   Medici    receiving   Colony's  emy  under  AiiBchutz.aiid  of  Albrecht  Adam  ; 

Head,  Prisoner,  Study  for  Head  of  Coligny,  ^.^                painted    first  hunting 

Musee    Rath,    Geneva;    Savoyard    (184.'t),  ^f           \            scenes  and  horses,  vis- 

Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Last  Visit  of  Fare!  ited  Spain  and  Algiers 

to  Calvin  ;  Calvin  working  on  Fortifications  |B   ,?*  fji            in  ls.">:i,  and  in   1858 

of   Geneva;     Servetus    led    to    Execution  ;  \'%       «af*             went   to  the  Caucasus 

Fromment's  Sermon  on  the  Molard  ;  Be/a  R^^Sfe^          :ll"l  '""';   l'art   '"  ""' 

reading  Bible  before  Joanna  d'Albret;  Morn-  •fi^TmaSfc,       Russian  expedition.  In 

ing  after  St.  Bartholomew's   Night;  Luther  /«^9*^[Ci(fHPP       1S(':!  returned  tn  Mil 

at  Worms.— Illust.  Zeitg.,  March  18,  18(55.  nidi   via   Moscow  and 

HOltXY,    FRAXZ,    born    in   Weimar    in  St.     Petersburg,     and 

1707,  died   in   Olevano  in    isl'.t.     Pupil  of  painted  many  military 

Johann    Heinrieh    Meyer   in   Weimar,    and  scenes  in  oils  and  water-colours.     In   ls7o 

Joseph  Anton  Koch  at  Itome  in  INK!.     Com-  he  made  sketches  during  the  siege  IP  I'  Stras- 

missioned   to  paint,  fruit   and  (lower  decora-  burg.      Member  of  St.   Petersburg  Academv 

tions   in  fresco   about   the  Dante  frescos  of  in    isiid,   of  (he   \'ienna  Academy   in    ISiis. 

Cornelius  at  the  Villa  Massimi.      He  was  an  honorary  member  of   the    Munich  Academy 

artist   of  great  promise,   whose   career  was  in  ls<!5  ;    lirst    pri/e   in    Paris   in    lsi;7.  gold 

cut  short  by  an  early  death.--  Ricgel,  l!l!7  ;  medal   in  Munich  in  1  still  :   militarv  decora- 
Seubert,  ii.  25t.                                                          .tions  in    1S5S   .">'.!,  for  his  campaigns    in   the 

HOROSCOPE,      <;i<n;ji>,i<-    (!),     Dresden  '  Caucasus.      Works:     Poacher  (  ls5(l|  ;    Halt 

Gallery  ;   wood,  H.  4  ft.  5  in.  x-'!  ft.      An  old  before  Algiers  ( lS5ti;  Caravan  in  the  I  >i  -serl  ; 

man  in  Oriental  costume,  with  a  disc  and  Seizure  of  Sluunyl ;  Taking  of  Earthwork  on 

compass  in   his  hand,  sits  at  a  marble   table  Mount    (lunib;    Cossacks   returning   from  a 

in  front  of  a  ruined  building  ;  to  the  left,  a  Ra//ia  ;    Kussian    Artillerv    in    the   Tschet- 

woman  lying  on   the  ground,  playing  with  a  schina  ;     Flight     of     Lesghian     Horsemen  ; 

naked  child,  while  a  man  in  armour  stands  Street   in  Titlis  ;    Attack    of    Circassians. 

by;  background,  a  landscape,  with  warriors  Allgem.  d.  Miogr.,  xiii.   Kill;  Allgem.  /eitg., 

reposing  under  a  tree.     Looks  as  if  it  might  A]>ril  Is,  IS71  ;    Beilage.   Ins  ;    Kunst-Chro- 

have  been  painted  by  (iirolamo  Pennacchi.  nik,  \i.    ll">;    Miinclmer  I'ropyliien  (l.siili). 

Formerly  in   Pala/./.o  Manfrini,  Venice. — ('.  T'.is  ;    Kegnet,   M.    K,  i.    Ill");    Tlieod.  Hor- 

&  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  15:!.  schell.  Life  and  Works  (Munich.  ls7(i). 

HOHOWIT/,  LEOPOLD,  born  at   I  to/-  HOItSE    FAIK    (Marclie   aux    Chevau\». 

gony,    Hungary,    in     18:}'.).       Portrait     and  A.  T.  Stewart  Collection.  New  York  ;  canvas, 

genre   painter,   pupil    of   Vienna   Academy  H.S  ft.  /..  15  ft.  7.1  in.    A  drove  of  horses,  of 

under  Meyer,  Wur/inger,  and  Gciger  ;  won  various  colours  and  sixes,  some  \\itli  riders. 

first  prize  and  went  in  ]8(i()  to  Paris,  where  and  some  led  by  men,  trotting  to  right  :  in 

he  remained   eight  years,  acquiring  consid-  background,  left,  the  dome  of  the  Invalides 

erable  reputation  ;  moved  in  18(18  to  War-  in  distance  ;    at   right,  an  avenue  of  trees 

saw  to  study  Polish  and  Jewish  life,  which  with  spectators.     A  masterpiece  ;  cost  eigh- 

he  has  since  treated  in  a  number  of  success-  teen  months'  labor.     Salon,  185:$;   sold  to 

ful   pictures.      Works:    Mourning   of    the  Gambart  &  Co.,  London,  for  40,000  francs, 

Jews  over  Jerusalem;  Polish  Tutor;   Harm-  and  exhibited  in  London  and  in  Manchester 

less  War  ;  The  First-Bom  (1885).— Allgem.  in  1851! ;  purchased  in  1857  for  about  $i;,<><l<) 

K.  C.,  ix.  6fi4  ;  Mliller,  2(!6.  by  Win.  P.  Wright,  Weehawken,  New  Jer- 

HORSCHELT,  THEODOR,  born  in  Mu-  sey,  mid  exhibited  in  New  York  in  October 
nicb,  March  1C,   1829,  died  there,  April  IJ^of  that  year;  thence  passed  to  Mi    Stewart. 

•rn 


HORSLEY 


Engraved,  when  in  Gambart's  possession, 
by  Thomas  Landseer,  for  whose  use  the 
artist  painted  a  reduced  copy  (H.  3  ft.  11  in. 
x  8  ft.  2.1-  in.),  with  some  changes  in  details. 
This  copy  passed  to  Jacob  Bell,  who  be- 
queathed it,  in  185!)  to  the  National  Gallery, 
London.  Mile.  Bonheur,  preferring  to  be 
represented  by  a  better  work,  painted  a 
third  Horse  Fair,  which  she  offered  to  the 
National  Gallery  in  place  of  the  hastily  ex- 
ecuted sketch  bequeathed  by  Mr.  Bell,  but 
the  trustees  deciding  that  they  had  no  power 
to  make  the  exchange,  she  contented  her- 
self with  retouching  the  Bell  picture.  The 
third  picture  was  sold  lately  in  London.  A 
fourth  replica  in  small  (water-colour),  with 
changes,  is  owned  by  ('.  F.  H.  Bolckow, 
Middleborough,  England. — Harper's  Week- 
ly (1857),  (145  ;  London  Times,  April  27, 
isti.r>,  12. 

HOKSLKY.  JOHN  CALLCOTT,  born  at, 
Brompton,  Jan. 
29,  1S17.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  of 
Royal  Academy  ; 
first  exhibited 
work,  Rent  Day 
at  Haddon  Hall 
(1S:!7).  He  re- 
ceived prizes  in 
the  Westminster 
Hall  Compe- 
tition in  1843,  and  painted  the  Spirit  of 
Prayer,  in  the  House  of  Lords,  and  Satan 
touched  by  Ithnriel's  Spear,  in  the  Poets' 
Hall  of  the  Palace  of  Westminster.  Elected 
an  A.R.  A.  in  1855,  and  11  A.  in  1  8(5(5.  Works : 
Pride  of  the  Village  (18:!!)),  in  National  Gal- 
lery ;  Malvolio  i'  the  Sun  (1849);  Hospitality 
(1850)  ;  Madrigal  (1852)  ;  Lady  Jane  Grey 
and  Roger  Ascham  (1853);  Morning  of  St. 
Valentine  (1863);  Waiting  for  an  Answer,  A 
Pleasant  Corner  (1800);  Gaoler's  Daughter 
(1809);  Old  Folk  and  Young  Folk  (1870); 
Stolen  Glances  (1873) ;  Page  in  Waiting, 
Waiting  Maid  (1875);  Under  Lock  and  Key 
(187(5)  ;  Fashions  Change  (1877)  ;  Salute, 
Cupboard  Love  (1878);  A  Trespasser  (1879); 


Leading  Strings,  Le  Jour  ties  Morts  (1880); 
Chateau  Gardens  at  Fontainebleau  (1881); 
A  Merry  Chase  (1882);  Wedding  Rings 
(1883);  Hide  and  Seek  (1884).— Art  Journal 
(1857),  181  ;  Saudby,  ii.  335. 

HORST,  G.,  flourished  about  1G40-50. 
Dutch  school ;  history  painter,  follower, 
perhaps  pupil,  of  Rembrandt  in  his  zenith. 
Works :  Isaac  blessing  Jacob,  Continence 
of  Scipio,  Berlin  Museum. — Meyer,  Ge- 
millde  der  kongl.  Mus.,  214. 

HORST,  NICOLAAS  VAN  DER,  born  at 
Antwerp  about  1598,  died  at  Brussels  in 
1(54(5.  Flemish  school  ;  history  and  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  of  Rubens,  travelled  ex- 
tensively in  Germany,  France,  and  Italy, 
and  settled  at  Brussels,  where  he  became 
engraver  to  Archduke  Albrecht,  and  the 
Infanta  Clara  Eugenia.  The  only  known 
i  painting  by  him  is  Jephtha's  Daughter  in 
I  the  Berlin  Museum,  but  it  is  not  exhibited 
at  present. — Rooses  (Reber),  325  ;  Van  den 
Brandon,  800. 

HOSEMANN,  THEODOR,  born  at  Bran- 
denburg, Sept.  24, 
1807,  died  in  Ber- 
lin, Oct.  15,  1875. 
Genre  painter  and 
illustrator,  pupil  of 
the  Diisseldorf 
Academy ;  employed 
at  an  early  age  in 
the  lithographic  in- 
stitute of  Amz  & 
Winckelmann,  with 

whom  he  went  to  Berlin,  where  he  acquired 
great  fame  as  an  illustrator  of  books.  His 
little  genre  pieces  in  oil  and  water-colour 
arc  equally  excellent,  though  few  in  num- 
ber. In  1857  became  professor  in  the  Ber- 
lin Academy.  Works  :  Shoemaker's  Appren- 
tices ;  School-Girls  ;  Sub-Officers ;  Milk- 
maid ;  Sand-Carters  ;  Labourer  Politicians  ; 
Boy  playing  Violin,  Peasant  Girls  and  Lads, 
Ravene  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Horse-Dealers,  Hour 
of  Rest,  Rural  Scene,  Host  and  Guests, 
Stettin  Museum. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xiii. 
180  ;  Dioskureu  (I860),  397  ;  Kuust-Chron- 


294 


HOSKINS 

ik,   xi.   90  ;  Elnstr.   Zeitg.   (1875),   ii.   483  ;  astcry  of  San  Lorenzo,  two  portraits,  Madrid 

Rosenberg,  Bcrl.  Malcrsch.,  171.  Museum. — Bellier.  i.  777. 

HOSKINS,  JOHN,   died    in    London    in  HOVASSE,  RENE   ANTOINE,    born  in 

February,   1004.      Painted    first   in  oil,   but  Paris  in    1045,    died   there,   May   27,    1710. 

afterwards  devoted  himself  to  miniature,  in  French  school  ;  genre  and  history  painter, 

which  he  excelled.      Painted  Charles  I.,  his  pupil  and  imitator  of  Lebrnn.     Member  of 

queen,    and     many    of    the     nobility.      His  Academy,    1071!  ;    professor,    1080;  director 

nephews,    Alexander   and    Samuel    Cooper,  of  French  school  of  art  in  Rome  from  IG'JH 

were  his  pupils.      His  Prince  Rupert,  paint-  to    1704;  then  rector  and  treasurer  of  the 

ed  on  card  (3  in.  x  2j  in.)  is  in  the  National  Academy    in    Paris.       Called    to    Spain    by 

Portrait  Gallery,  London. — Redgrave.  Charles  II.,    lie   executed    important   works 

HOSTEIN,   EDOVARD  JEAN  MARIE,  there,  and  returned  in  10'.li>.     Works:  The 

born    iu    Plehedel    (Cotes-du-Nord),    Sept.  Virgin's  Journey  ;  ceilings  in  Versailles  Mu- 

30,  1804.      Landscape  painter.     A  once  ad-  scum;    Artist's    Portrait    (1087),    Grenoble 

mired  but  now  forgotten  painter  of  views  Museum  :     Female    Portrait,    Madrid     Mu- 

from  the  northwestern  coast  of  France,  the  seum. — Bellier,    i.  777;  Jal,   087;  Ga/.   des 

Rhine,    Switzerland,    and    Italy.       Medals:  B.  Arts  (1800),  vii.  171  ;( 18(1 1 ),  xvi.  405. 

3d  class,   18:55;  !M  class,   18:57;    1st  class,  HOVBRAKEN,  ARNOLD,  bom  in   IW- 

1841;  L.  of  Honour,  1815.      Works:  Fish-  drecht    in     1000, 

ing    Vessels    at    Grandville,    Valley    of  lie-  died    in    Amster- 

Adam   (18:55);    The  Meuse,   Abbey  of  Val-  dam    in    171'.'. 

Dieu    (18:57);    Forest    of    Saverne    (1838),  Dutch     school; 

Lyons  Museum  ;  View  on  Lake  of  Geneva  pupil   of   Samuel 

(1840),  Amiens  Museum;  Fir-Trees  of  the  von  Hoogstraten, 

Black  Forest,  Ruins  at  Baden-Baden,  Lake  and    perhaps    of 

Nemi,    Cottage    at    Touqne    (1840);    Valley  Jacques  le  Vecq  ; 

of   the    Saone    (1844),    Avignon    Museum  ;  fellow-scholar   of  . 

Forest  of  Compirgne,  Valley  of  Pierrefonds,  the    lirst     under 

Camp  of  St.  Maiir,   Plain  of  Ariccia,  Girls  Rembrandt, 

bathing    in    a    River   (18:54    to    185:5);    The  '  about    whom    he    published     many    absurd 

Seine  (1855);  Toulon,   Pine  Woods  (1857);  stories.      Works:     Female     Model     Posing, 

Versailles  (1850);  Entry  of  Charles  VII.  into  Amsterdam  Museum;   Ecce   Homo,   Copen- 

Acquapendente,    1494,   Versailles   Museum,  hagen  Gallery  ;  Virginia's  Body  brought  to 

— Bellier,  i.  770.  .»    *    Rome,    Schleissheim    Gallery; 

HOVASSE,  MICHEL  ANGE,  called  Ho-  /^H^    Male    l'"'''^'.    Stildcl   Gallery. 

vas,  born  in  Paris  in  1080,  died  at  Arpajon  ^    Frankfort.  — Allgem.    d.    Biogr., 

(Seine-et-Oise),     Sept    30,     1730.     French  xiii.   '20'.)  ;  Burger,    Musees,   i.   5:5  ;  Immer- 

school  ;  history  and  landscape  painter,  son  /ed,  ii.  50  ;  Kramm,  iii.  75:5. 

and  pupil  of  Rene  Antoine  H.     Called  to  HOVEL,  JEAN,  born  at  Rouen  in  17:!5, 

Spain  by  Philip  V.,  he  painted  many  his-  died  in  Paris,  Nov.   13,  1813.      Landscape 

painter   and   engraver,  pupil  of   Descamps, 

A/I        f\       \J                    s  Lemire,  and  Casanova.     Is  best  known  as 

^      \*/f\    /\QjU.  £(/(£'  an    engraver   of   Italian   subjects.      Works: 

Coast  of  St.  Catherine  from  Pre-aux-Loups; 

View  of  a  Caveat  Dicppedallc  ;  Oargantua's 

torical  pictures,  landscapes,  and  portraits.  Seat  near  Duclair ;   Hill  of  St.  Catherine, 

Member  of  Paris  Academy,  1707.     Works  :  View  of  the  Old  Porte  Cauchoise  in  Paris, 

Two  Bacchanals,  Holy  Family,  View  of  Mou-  since  demolished,  Rouen   Museum  ;  Land- 

S-J5 


HOUZE 


scape  with  Figures,  Angers  Museum. — Bel- 
lier,  i.  77!) ;  Larousse. 

HOUZE,  FLORKNTIN,  born  .at  Tournay 
in  1812.  History  and  genre  painter,  pupil 
at  Lirge  of  Hennequin,  and  of  Antwerp 
Academy  under  Nicaise  do  Keyser,  then 
studied  in  Paris,  and  returned  to  Tournay 
in  1844  ;  received  a  medal  in  1842  ;  lives  in 
Brussels.  He  paints  also  good  portraits. 
Works  :  Last  Moments  of  Lord  Percy  (1839); 
Entering  the  Convent  (184(5);  St.  Vincent 
de  Paula  and  the  Inundated  ;  St.  Charles 
Borromco  with  People  infected  by  the 
Plague,  St.  Augustine  healing  a  Sick  Man  ; 
Cardinal's  Visit  to  Hospital,  Tournay  Mu- 
seum ;  Crucifixion  ;  Return  from  Masked 
Ball  ;  Italian  Beggars.—  Journal  des.  B.  Arts 
(18(10),  143;  Miiller,  2(17. 

HOVE,  BAIITHOLOMKUS  JOHANNES 
VAN,  born  at  The  Hague,  Oct.  28,  17!)0, 
died  in  1880.  Painter  of  city  views  and 
church  interiors,  pupil  of  Breckenhcimer  ; 
medal,  1842.  Member  of  Amsterdam  Acad- 
emy and  several  others  ;  won  great  reputa- 
tion and  several  medals  from  art  associa- 
tions, and  received  costly  presents  from 
several  potentates.  Subsequently  was  the- 
atre painter  at  The  Hague.  Professor  at 
Hague  Academy.  Order  of  Oaken  Crown, 
1847.  Works  :  View  of  Musee  Royal  at  The 
Hague,  City  Views  (2),  Amsterdam  Museum; 
Dutch  City  by  Moonlight,  Ghent  Museum  ; 
do.,  Rotterdam  Museum  ;  City  on  a  lliver, 
Kunsthalle,  Hamburg. — Immerx.ecl,  ii.  59  ; 
Kramm,  iii.  7(iO  ;  vii.  8(i. 

HOVE,  HUBERTUS  VAN,  born  at  The 
Hague  in  1814,  died  at  Antwerp  in  1805. 
Architecture  and  landscape  painter,  son  and 
pupil  of  preceding,  and  pupil  of  Hendrik  van 
de  Sande  Backhuyzen  ;  settled  at  Antwerp. 
Gold  medal,  1852  ;  Order  of  Leopold,  1857. 
Painted  afterwards  also  good  kitchen-pieces. 
Works  :  View  on  Sea-Shore,  Rotterdam  Mu- 
seum ;  Fishing  Expedition,  Museum  Fodor, 
Amsterdam  ;  Interior,  Kunsthalle,  Ham- 
burg ;  Chamber  in  City  Hall  at  Amsterdam 
(1837),  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Vestibule,  New 
Piuakothek,  Munich  ;  Kitchen  Interior,  His- 


torical Society,  New  York.— Immerzeel,  ii. 
60;  Kramm,  iii.  700. 

HOVE,  VICTOR  VAN,  born  at  Renaix, 
East  Flanders,  in  1825.  Genre  painter,  was 
at  first  a  sculptor.  His  affecting  scenes 
from  popular  life  are  painted  in  a  pleasing 
manner.  Order  of  Leopold,  medals  in 
Paris  (1863)  and  Vienna  (1873).  Works: 
Orphans  going  to  Church  (18(53) ;  Protes- 
tant Girl's  Sunday  (1804) ;  On  Way  to  School 
(1805)  ;  Fisherman's  Return  on  Coast  of 
Flanders  ;  The  Present  ;  Sunday  Morning 
in  Holland  (180!)).— Jour,  des  B.  Arts  (1800), 
158  ;  Miiller,  208. 

HOVEMEYER,  AUGUST,  born  at  Biicke- 
burg,  Oldenburg,  Sept.  23,  1824,  died  in 
Munich,  Jan.  13,  1878.  History  painter, 
pupil  of  the  Munich  Academy  under  Kaul- 
bach  and  Schwind,  but  formed  himself 
chiefly  after  the  works  of  Genelli,  and  was 
one  of  the  last  representatives  of  the  school 
of  Cornelius.  In  1850-58  he  was  employed 
upon  extensive  fresco  paintings  in  W'iirz- 
burg,  Berne,  and  Leipsic.  In  1804-05  vis- 
ited Italy,  where  he  copied  Raphael's  School 
of  Athens,  and  Titian's  Venus  ;  worked  in 
1807-09  in  Stuttgart  and  Munich,  and  exe- 
cuted iu  1872-74  ten  large  compositions  in 
oil  and  fresco  for  the  Railroad  Directors' 
building  in  Ludwigshafen.  Works  :  Alle- 
gorical Figures  (1851),  Royal  Villa,  Bercht- 
esgaden  ;  Expulsion  from  Paradise  (1854)  ; 
Christmas  Night,  Start  for  the  Alp  (1855). 
Frescos  :  Allegories  in  the  Railway  Station 
at  W'lirzburg  (1850);  in  the  Federal  Palace, 
Berne  (1850-57);  Eight  compositions  from 
Cupid  and  Psyche  (1858),  Leipsic  Museum; 
The  Flood,  1800  (cartoon) ;  Three  historical 
pictures  (1803),  National  Museum,  Munich; 
Prometheus  (1800),  in  America  ;  six  ceiling 
paintings  in  oil,  and  four  Allegories  in 
fresco  (1872-74),  Ludwigshafen.— Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  xiii.  215  ;  Jour.  des.  B.  Arts,  Jan. 
15,  1803  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xiii.  302  ;  Meyer, 
j  Conv.  Lex.,  xvii.  454. 

HOVENDEN,  THOMAS,  bom  at  Dun- 
mamvay,  Ireland,  in  1840.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  of  the  School  of  Design,  Cork,  and  of 


HOWARD 


the  National  Academy,  Now  York,  in  18(5:5. 
Visited  Paris  in  1874,  and  studied  six  years 
under  Cabancl,  and  at  tlie  Eeole  des  Beaux 
Arts.  Elected  N.A.  in  1882.  Studio  in 
Plymouth  Meeting,  Pa.  Works  :  Two  Lilies 
(1874);  Brittany  Woman  Spinning,  Pleasant 
News,  linage-Seller  (187(i)  ;  Thinking  of 
Somebody,  News  from  the  Conscript  (1877); 
Loyalist  Peasant  Soldier  of  La  Vendee — 
1703(1878);  Breton  Interior  -1711:!  ( 1878), 
(1.  A.  Drummond,  Baltimore  ;  Challenge 
(18711);  Dat  'Possum  smell  pow'ful  (iood 
(1881),  Cliloe  and  Sam  (1882),  T.  15.  Clarke, 
New  York;  Elaine  (1882);  In  from  the 
Meadows,  Village,  Blacksmith  (188:!)  ;  Who 
shall  eat  the  Fruit  thereof  V  .John  Urown 
(1884)  ;  Taking  his  Ease  ( 1885).  — Sheldon, 
18'J. 

HOWARD,  GEORGE,  born  in  England; 
contemporary.  Landscape  ami  portrait 
painter.  Exhibits  chietlv  at  Grosvenor  ( lal- 
lery.  Works  :  Pine  Wood  near  Pisa,  San 
(iimignano,  Near  the  Torre  dei  Hiccardi 
(1877);  Rest  in  the  Perjola,  Path  among 
Olives,  Olive-(  lathering  on  the  Riviera 
(1878);  Crab-Fisliers,  Venetian  Archwav 
(187',t);  Banks  of  Irthing  —  Cumberland, 
Walled  Garden — Nawortli  (1880);  Curlew's 
Pool,  Autumn  Twilight,  By  (lie  Beck,  Start 
Point— South  Devon  (1881);  Path  under  the 
Olives— Bordigbera  (1882);  Vale  of  Mentone, 
Autumn  in  the  Old  Garden  (188:!) ;  Walls  of 
Rome  from  Villa  Medici,  Rookery  in  Spring 
(1884);  The  Gatehouse— Nawortli  (188.",). 

HOWARD,  HENRY,  born  ill  London, 
Jan.  31,  17(59,  died  at 
Oxford,  Oct.  it,  1847. 
History  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Philip 
Reinagle  and  of  the 
Royal  Academy  (1788), 
where  in  1790  ho  won 
the  two  first  medals  of 
the  year.  Studied  in 
1791-94  in  Italy,  and 
afterwards  contributed 
many  subject  pictures  and  portraits  to  the 
Academy;  became  an  A.R.A.  in  1801,  R.A. 


in  1808,  secretary  in  1811,  and  professor  of 
painting  in  18:!:!.  Though  distinguished  by 
Academy  honours,  the  promise  of  his  youth 
was  not  fulfilled  ;  his  works  are  graceful 
and  pretty,  but  his  style  is  feeble.  His 
Flower  Girl,  a  portrait  of  his  own  daughter, 
is  in  the  National  Gallery,  London.— Red- 
grave ;  F.  de  ( 'undies,  435  ;  Frank  Howard, 
Memoir  1 18 Us i  ;  Sandby,  i.  329. 

HOWLANI),  ALFRED  C  ,  burn  in  Wai- 
pole,  X.  H.,  Feb.  12,  183*.  Genre  and 
landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Schult/,  and  of 
Eppindale  in  Boston  ;  in  18(51 1  visited  Eu- 
rope, and  studied  live  vears,  in  Diisseldorf 
under  Professor  Flann,  ami  in  Paris  under 
Lambinet.  Elected  an  A. N.A.  in  1871,  and 
N.A.  in  18S2.  Studio  in  New  York.  \Yorks: 
Sunlit  Path  (1871):  Old  Mill  on  the  P.ush- 
kill  (1871);  Ford's  Glen  (IST.S);  Monday 
Morning  (1879)  ;  The  Gossips  ( Issii)  ;  Driv- 
ing a  Bargain  (Iss-j)  ;  Horse-Trade  (I8,s:t)  ; 
Rendezvous  of  the  Veterans,  A  1'ot-  Holler 
( 18SI)  ;  The  Coming  Circus  ( 1.SS5). 

HOYE  iHoeyi,  NICOLAAS  VAN,  born 
at  Antwerp  in  I(!2(!,  died  in  Vienna  in  ITlo. 
Flemish  school;  history,  battle,  and  por- 
trait painter,  pupil  of  Matheus  Mathcus/.  ; 
went  to  Vienna,  where  he  became  court 
painter.  Works  :  Battle-pieces  (2),  Vienna 
Museum  ;  Physician  making  Examination, 
Fiirstenberg  Gallerv,  Donaueschiugeu.— 
Kramm,  iii.  7(17. 

HFBI5ARD,  RICHARD  WILLIAM,  born 
at  Middletown,  Ct.,  in  1*17.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Professor  Morse  and  Dan- 
iel Huntingdon.  Studied  ami  painted  in 
France  in  1840.  Elected  N.A.  in  1858. 
Studio  in  New  York.  Works  :  Meadows 
near  L'tica  (18(59);  High  Peak  North  Con- 
way  (1871);  Vermont  Hills  (1874);  Along 
the  Sound  (1877)  ;  Autumn  -Lake  George, 
C.  P.  Huntington,  New  York  ;  Coming 
Storm,  Early  Autumn,  Judge  Benedict  ; 
Glimpse  of  the  Adirondack*  (187(5),  R.  M. 
Olyphant  ;  Hilltop  (1878);  Connecticut  Pas- 
toral (1880)  ;  Distant  View  of  Hartford 
(1882);  Lake  in  the  Adirondack*  (1883); 
Cat  Mountain— Lake  George,  Afternoon  in 


11U13KII 


Summer  (1884)  ;  Watering  Place,  Down  in 
I  he  Meadows  (1885). 

HUBER,  JOHANN  KASPAR,  born  at 
Glattfelden,  Canton  Zurich,  in  1752,  died 
at  Zurich,  April  17,  1825.  Landscape  and 
marine  painter,  pupil  of  Johunn  Heinrieh 
Wiist  ;  studied  four  years  in  Frankfort, 
then  in  the  Diisseldorf  Gallery,  where  he 
devoted  himself  to  marine  painting,  and 
after  two  years  in  Amsterdam,  returned  to 
Diisseldorf  in  1781,  and  to  Switzerland  in 
178!).  Member  of  Diisseldorf  Academy. 
Works  :  Surge,  Landscape  with  Castle, 
Storm  at  Sea,  Zurich  (Jallery.  —  Nagler,  vi. 
336. 

Ill'lJER,  .JOHANX    RUDOLF,  born    in 
^.,  Basle    in    1668,    died 

there,  Feb.,  1748. 
Portrait  painter,  pu- 
pil in  Basle  of  Ivaspar 
Meyer,  then  in  Berne 
of  Jos.  Werner;  went 
to  Italy  when  nine- 
teen, and  for  six  years 
studied  Giulio  lloma- 
no  at  Mantua,  and 
Titian  at  Venice,  where 
lie  painted  figures  in  the  landscapes  of  Pie- 
ter  do  Molyn  (Tempesta)  ;  in  Home  he  prof- 
ited much  by  the  advice  of  Maratti,  then 
visited  France,  and  returned  to  Basle  in 
Ki',13.  In  161)6  he  became  court-painter  to 
the  Duke  of  Wurtemberg,  but  resigned 
after  four  years.  AVith  his  growing  reputa- 
tion he  could  scarcely  satisfy  the  demands 
made  upon  him  by  princes  and  persons  of 
the  highest  standing.  He  is  said  to  have 
painted  5,  000  portraits.  AVorks:  Dr.  Thomas 
Platter,  portrait  of  himself,  Basle  Museum  ; 


\ 


•7*4 


Family  of  Margrave  Frederic  Magnus  of 
Baden-Durlach  (1693)  ;  Envoys  to  the  Peace 
Congress  in  Baden  (1713)  ;  Joseph  I.,  and 


many  other  Sovereigns. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr., 
xiii.  231  ;  Fiiessli,  ii.  257. 

HUBER,  RUDOLF,  born  at  Schleinz, 
Nether  Austria,  about  1844.  Animal  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna  and  Diis- 
seldorf Academies ;  took  part  in  the  Italian 
campaign  of  186(3  as  an  officer,  visited 
Egypt  repeatedly  after  1870,  and  brought 
back  numerous  studies  of  Abyssinian  types. 
Professor  at  Vienna  Academy.  AVorks : 
Cows  in  Pasture  ;  Caravan  ;  Maternal  Joys, 
Cows  Fighting,  Equestrian  Portraits  of 
Duke  Charles  of  Lorraine  and  of  Count 
Stahremberg  (1883) ;  Washington  on  Horse- 
back (1884).— Miiller,  2G8  ;  Kunst-Chrouik, 
xviii.  372. 

HUBERT,  ALFRED,  born  in  Brussels 
(or  Liege?);  contemporary.  Genre  and 
animal  painter  ;  at  tirst  made  his  mark  with 
pen-and-ink  drawings  of  military  life,  but 
began  to  paint  in  water-colours  in  1854.  Is 
especially  skilful  in  painting  horses.  AA^orks  : 
Horses  and  Cattle  in  Stable;  Peasant  AVomen 
in  Town  ;  Dog-Team  ;  Camp-Scene  ;  New 
Year's  Presents ;  Coachmen  ;  Umbrellas  ; 
Militaria  ;  Railroads ;  Masked  Ball  ;  Horses 
in  Gypsy  Camp  (1870)  ;  Artillery  Resting 
(1872)  ;  Marine  (187:))  ;  Evening  after  Bat- 
'  tie  (1874)  ;  Mounted  Artillery  (1875).— Gaz. 
dcs  B.  Arts  (187G),  xiii.  453  ;  Miiller,  2G9. 

HUBERTI,  EDOUARD,  born  in  Brussels 
in  1818,  died  there  in  1880.  Landscape 
painter  in  the  manner  of  Corot  ;  his  pict- 
ures commanded  high  prices  in  Belgium  and 
England.  Member  of  Society  beige  des 
Aquarellistes.  AVorks  :  Heath  in  the  Cam- 
pine,  King  of  Belgium  ;  Harvest ;  On  Border 
of  Forest ;  Pond  of  Ramee  ;  Spring  ;  Gloomy 
AA^eather  at  AATilryk  ;  Valley  of  Jehoshaphat 
in  Morning  Light  ;  Autumn  ;  Snow  Land- 
scape on  the  Scheldt. — Meyer,  Couv.  Lex., 
1  xix.  473. 

HtiBNER,  EDUARD,  born  in  Dresden, 
May  27,  1842.  Genre  painter,  son  of  Julius, 
pupil  of  Schurig,  then  of  Dresden  Academy, 
and  in  1860-67  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  un- 
der Bendemann  ;  repeatedly  visited  Italy, 
spent  three  winters  at  Rome,  and  (1869-70) 


in  Paris.  Professor  at  Berlin  Academy. 
Works  :  Marguerite  Le  Kiclie  consoling  her 
Fellow-Prisoners  ;  Graziella  ;  Toilet  in  Ca- 
pri ;  Two  Girls  on  a  Roof ;  First  Age  of  the 
World;  Ipbigenia ;  Girl  Asleep  (1881); 
Curtain  for  Royal  Theatre  at  Dresden  ( lss-j ). 
— Kunst-Chronik,  xvii.  (159  ;  Milller,  2f!!). 

HUBNEH,  KARL  (WILHELM),  born  in 
Konigsberg,  June  17, 
IK  14,  died  in  Diissel- 
dorf,  Dec.  5,  1871). 
Genre  painter,  pupil  in 
Konigsberg  of  I.  Wolf, 
and  from  18:)!)-4t  at 
the  Diisseldorf  Acad- 
emy under  Karl  Solm 
and  Schadow.  Estab- 
lished his  reputation  by 

painting  subjects  relating  to  the  social  prob- 
lems of  the  day,  but  alter  1848  he  treated 
subjects  of  more  general  interest,  which  met 
with  great,  success,  particularly  in  Holland 
and  America,  and  caused  his  being  made  an 
honorary  member  of  the  Amsterdam  and 
Philadelphia  Academies.  On  a  visit  to 
America  in  1874-7")  he  was  warmly  received 
by  American  artists  in  the  principal  cities  of 
the  Union.  He  was  one  of  the  most  active 
founders,  in  1844,  of  the  Diisseldorf  Union 
of  Artists  for  mutual  aid,  and  in  1848  of 
the  Malkasten,  to  which  he  gave  its  name. 
Works  :  Angry  Old  Man,  Sick  Child  (is:!!)); 
New  Apprentice,  Barred  Well  (184:5);  The 
Kilesian  Weavers  (1844);  Help  in  Xeed, 
Sleeping  Wood-Thief,  Charity  in  the  Cot- 
tage of  the  Poor  (1845);  Shooting-License 
(1840),  Ravene  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  The  Emi- 
grants (184(>),  Christiania  Museum  ;  The 
Forsaken  (18Ki)  ;  Little  Wood  -  Thieves 
(1847)  ;  The  Pouters  (1847),  Carlsruhe  Gal- 
lery ;  Birthday;  Seizure  for  Debt  (ISIS). 
Konigsberg  Museum  ;  Midday  Rest  of  Peas- 
ants during  Harvest  (184!t),  Knnsthalle, 
Hamburg  ;  Orphans  at  Parents'  Grave,  Res- 
cue from  Fire  (185:5)  ;  Old  Warrior  telling 
of  his  Deeds  (1854),  Labourer  rescuing 
Child  from  burning  House,  Provin/ial  Mu- 
seum, Hanover  ;  Surprised  Lovers  ;  The 


Orphans  ;  The  Outcast  (18f!7),  National 
Gallery,  Berlin  ;  The  Twins,  Sailor's  Return, 
Sinner  at  the  Church  Door.  Comfort  in 
Prayer,  The  Widow,  Diisseldorf  Gallery  ; 
Shelter  from  the  Storm  (1874)  ;  Consolation 
in  Prayer  (1875),  Diisseldorf  ( lallery  ;  Quar- 
tering in  the  Vinelaild  (1871!);  Depressed 
Mood  (1877);  An  Artist  on  the  Dutch  Coast, 
Happy  Union  (1878);  The  Recovery.  Penn- 
sylvania Academy.  Philadelphia.  His  son 
and  pupil  Julius  (born  at  Diisseldorf  in 
1842,  died  there,  Dec.  150,  1871)  was  a  prom- 
ising genre  painter  of  humorous  subjects. 
Works:  The  Great  Bootjack;  The  New 
Barometer;  Scrubbing  Day;  Bad  Memory. 
— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  \iii.  270;  Illustr. 
/eitg.  (1880).  i.  :!l!  ;  Kiilist-Clironik;  \Volfg. 
Milller,  Diisseldf.  K.,  2H2  ;  Wiegmann,  :{•_".); 
Blanckarts,  81. 

HUBNEH.  (RUDOLF)  JUIJUS  (RKN 
NO),  born  at  Oels,  Si- 
lesia, Jan.  27,  1801!, 
died  at  Loschwit/, 
Nov.  7.  1882.  History 
painter,  pupil  of  Ber- 
lin Academy  under 
Schadow,  whom  he  fol- 
lowed to  Dflsseldorf 
in  1S2<>  :  having  re- 
turned to  Berlin,  he 
married  Bendemann's 

sister  in  1821),  and  going  in  the  same  year 
to  Italy  was  in  Rome  with  Schadow  in  ls:!0, 
in  Berlin  in  18:51,  and  in  Diisseldorf  in  IS.'i.'t. 
In  18:!!)  he  followed  Bendemann  to  Dresden, 
where  he  became  professor  at  the  Academy 
in  1SH,  and  director  of  the  Royal  Gallery 
in  1871.  Member  of  Dresden.  Berlin,  and 
Philadelphia  Academies,  (treat  gold  medal 
in  Brussels  (1851).  Numerous  Orders. 
Works  :  Boa?:  and  Ruth  (1825);  The  Fisher- 
man (1827);  Roland  liberating  Princess  Isa- 
bella (1828);  Ruth  and  Naomi  (18:50), 
Guardian  Angels  (ls:i(!),  Infant  Christ 
(18:57),  Golden  Age  (184!)),  National  Gallery, 
Berlin  ;  Samson  breaking  the  Columns 
(18:52);  Holy  Family  (18:5:5),  Leipsic  Muse- 
um; Christ  and  Evangelists  (18:tl);  Keep 


HUCHTENBURG 


Homo  (1830),  St.  Andrew's,  Diisseldorf  ; 
Job  and  his  Friends  (1838),  Stiidel  Gallery, 
Frankfort ;  Consider  the  Lilies  (1839)  ;  Mel- 
usiua,  Raczynski  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Felicitas 
and  Sleep  (1841),  Breslau  Museum  ;  Em- 
peror Frederic  III.  (1842),  Emperor's  Hall, 
Frankfort ;  St.  George,  Christ  Enthroned 
(1841!) ;  Resurrection  (1844) ;  Annunciation 
(1845)  ;  Christ  with  Chalice  and  Bread 
(1840)  ;  Jew's  Head  (1834),  Golden  Age 
(1848),  Lansquenet  (1848),  Portrait  of  Actor 
Porth  (1853),  Dispute  between  Luther  and 
Eck  (1803-00),  Dresden  Gallery  ;  Memorial 
to  Gontard,  Samuel  and  Eli,  Magdalen 
(184!))  ;  The  Angel  of  the  Lord  showing  the 
Evangelist  Babylon's  great  Whore  (1850)  ; 
Stephanus  before  the  Council  ;  Charles  V. 
at  St.  Yuste  ;  Frederic  the  Great  at  Sans- 
Sdiici ;  C'upid  in  Winter  ;  Magdalen  beside 
Body  of  Christ  (181)4)  ;  Christ  in  the  Tern- 
pie  ;  Hagar  and  Ishmael  ;  Portraits  of  Prin- 
cess Margaret  of  Saxony,  of  Dr.  Carus, 
Count  and  Countess  Kanit/,  Prince  Hat/feld, 
Gottfried  Schadow  ;  J.  von  Keller  (1800), 
Diisseldorf  Gallery. — Brockhaus,  ix.  427; 
Illustr.  /eitg.  (1882),  ii.  474  ;  Kunst-Chro- 
nik,  xviii.  242,  415;  Miiller,  2(19;  Wolfg.  , 
Mailer,  Diisseldf.  K..  22  ;  Reber-Pecht,  ii. 
114;  "\Viegmann,  112. 

HUCHTENBURG.     See  Hwjhlenhunjh. 

HUDSON,  THOMAS,  born  in  Devonshire 
in  1701,  died  at  Twickenham,  Jan.  20,  1779. 
Pupil  of  Jonathan  Richardson  ;  succeeded 
Jervas  as  the  fashionable  portrait  painter  of 
the  day,  though  he  was  soon  eclipsed  by  his 
pupil,  Reynolds.  He  generally  painted  only 
the  head,  leaving  the  accessories  to  his  as- 
sistant, Van  Haaken,  of  Antwerp.  Works  : 
Portraits  of  Handel,  Lord  Chief  Justice 
Wi  lies,  National 
Portrait  Gallery  ; 

charles  Duko  -of 

Marlborough,  Blenheim  ;  Mary  Coke,  Bute 
Collection. — Redgrave  ;  F.  de  Conches,  85, 
194. 

HUDSON  RIVER,  DISCOVERY  OF, 
Albert  Bierxtatil,  House  of  Representatives, 
Capitol,  Washington  ;  in  panel  near  south 


doors.  Companion-piece  to  Settlement  of 
California.  The  artist  received  $20,000  for 
these  two  pictures. 

HUE,  JEAN  FRANCOIS,  born  at  Saint- 
Arnould-eii-Yvelines  (Seine-et-Oise),  Dec.  1, 
1751,  died  in  Paris,  Dec.  24,  1823.  Land- 
scape and  marine  painter,  pupil  of  Joseph 
Vernet.  A  famous  painter  in  his  day.  Em- 
ployed by  the  government  to  paint  the  seven 
French  seaports  wanting  to  complete  the 
series  of  fifteen  begun  by  Vernet.  Member 
of  Academy,  1782.  Works  :  Taking  of  Isle 
of  Granada  in  1779  (1787),  Naval  Battle  near 
Isle  of  Granada  (1788),  Napoleon  visiting 
Camp  of  Boulogne  (1800),  Versailles  Muse- 
um ;  French  Seaports  (7);  Port  d'Orient  at 
Sunset  (1801),  Cherbourg  Museum  ;  Com- 
bat of  the  Ship  Le  Formidable  (1808),  An- 
gers Museum  ;  Cascade  under  Rocks,  Nan- 
tes Museum  ;  Port  of  Genoa  (1810);  Ship- 
wreck of  the  Virginia  (1812);  Echo  bewailing 
Narcissus  (1814);  Port  and  Tower  of  Terra- 

cina,  View  in 
Bois  de  Sa- 
'O/O  ton-  at  Ver- 
-^  saifles  (1819); 
Landscape 
with  Beli- 
sarius  and  his 
Guide  (1822); 
Coast  with 
Agitated  Sea,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg. — 
Bellier,  i.  785. 

HUET,  JEAN  BAPTISTE,  born  in  Paris, 
Oct.  15,  1745, 
died  there,  Aug. 
27,  1811.  Land- 
scape and  animal 
painter,  pupil  of 
Dago  m  m  i  e  r , 
Boucher,  and 
Lepriuce.  His 
paintings  of  ani- 
mals are  of  great 
merit.  Member  ' 

of  the  Academy  in  1709.  Works  :  Dog  At- 
tacking  Geese,  Caravan,  Fox  in  Chicken- 


Yard   (1709)  ;    Wolf  pierced    with   Lance, 


300 


IIUET 

Farmer's  Wife  (1771);  Europe,  Asia,  Fidel-  (1835),  Luxembourg  Museum;  AuturanEven- 
ity  tearing  the  Bonds  of  Love,  Morning,  in-,' (lH3li) ;  (lust  of  Wind  (183S),  Avignon 
Noon,  Afternoon,  Evening  (1773);  Shep-  Museum  ;  Chateau  of  Arques  (1840),  Orleans 
herd  with  bis  Dog  (1775),  Orleans  Museum ;  Museum;  Tori-cut  of  Etolie  (1841);  Castle 
Holy  Family  with  Shepherds,  Return  from  of  Avignon  (1843),  Avignon  Museum  ;  Val 
Market  (177"));  Pastoral  Trophy,  Fanner's  d'Enfer,  Mure  ami  Foxes  (ISIS);  (',,1  ,1,. 
Wife  feeding  Chickens  (1777);  Hercules  Tende  (1N4'.I);  Private  Park  of  St.  Cloud, 
and  Oniphale  (17711);  View  of  Konce  Pond  Children  in  the  Wood,  Enchanted  Shores 
nt  Sevres,  View  of  Walls  and  Fortress  of  (185II);  Calm  in  the  Woods  (l.s/iii);  Brcak- 
Molle,  Annunciation  to  the  Shepherds  (1787);  ers  of  Cramille  (ls.">:{),  Marshes  of  Picanlv, 
Washing  on  Banks  of  a  Pond,  View  of  Oven  I  Inundation  of  St.  Cloud  |ls.").">),  Louvre; 
at  Boiigival,  Herdsman  watching  his  Herd  Ford,  Thatched  Cottage,  IJrtwixt  Rain  and 
(1800);  Bulls  in  a  Stable,  Donkey  with  Sunlight,  Pastures  (  IS.V.h;  Sunset  near  Trou- 
Chickens  (1S01);  Lion  and  Lioness  with  ville,  Equinoctial  High  Tide  near  Honllcur 
their  Young  (1802);  Landscape  with  Birds,  (1SC1);  ClitVs  of  Honlgatt,  Bordeaux  Muse- 
Rouen  Musciini  ;  Dog  pointing  at  Partridges,  urn  ;  do..  Lower  Meudoii  (  1st;:!);  Torrent  in 
Animals  Grazing,  Horses  and  Sheep  at  Past-  the  Alps,  The  I'riage  lioad  (Isiili;  Cm  -k  on 
ure,  Nantes  Museum ;  Ham  and  Two  Ewes,  the  Pyrenees  Frontier  (IsC'i),  Montpcllier 
Two  Dogs  killing  a  Lamb  and  Chickens,  Museum;  Park  of  The  Hague  at  Sunset 
Rohillard  Collection,  Khcims.  His  son  and  (IMilJ).  Orleans  Museum;  Foiitainebleau, 
pupil,  Nicolas  (horn  in  Paris,  1770,  still  liv-  Kuins  of  ( 'astle  of  Pierrefonds  (l8(iK);  Fish- 
ing in  1827),  was  commissioned  l>v  the  gov-  ernieu  drawing  a  Seine  on  the  Shore  at  Honl- 
ernment  to  paint  for  the  Museum  of  Natural  gatt  (ISd'.l);  View  near  Naples,  Cain  Muse- 
History  one  hundred  and  twenty  water-col-  um  ;  Toueque  Valley,  Luxembourg  Museum. 
ours,  to  continue  the  collection  begun  in  L'Art  (1878),  ii.  15  ;  Bellier,  i.  7K8  ;  l.urty, 
by  ^L.  Mai t res,  179;  (la/.  desB.  Arts  (  ISti'.t),  i.  2117; 

Laronsse  ;  Meyer,  (lescli.,  711. 

Hl'FFEL,  PKKTEU  VAN,  born  at  Cram- 
mont.East  Flanders,  baptized  April  17,  17(!H, 
died  at  Client,  Aug.  12,  1844.  History  and 

(1S7(!),  vii.  124  ;  Bellier,  i.  7S7  ;  Cli.  Blanc,  portrait  painter,  puj>il  of  (Ihent  Academy, 

Kcole    fran<;aise  ;    Lejeune,    Cuide,   i.    'I'.W  ;  where  he  won  several  pri/.es  ;  then  studied 

iii.  1I50.  seven  years  at  Mechlin  under  Herreyns,  and 

HUET,  PAUL,  born  in  Paris,  Oct.  5,  1S04,  in    Paris;    after  his   return   to  Client   was 

died  there,  Jan.  0,  18(10.     Landscape  paint-  appointed    director    of    the    Academy    and 

er,  pupil   of   Paul  Cuerin,  of  Cros,   and  of  conservator  of  the   Museum.      Cold   medal, 

the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts.     In  18:!1  he  be-  Client,  1S17.     Court-painter  to  Queen  Anna 

came  the  founder  of  a  new  school  of  roman-  Pavlovna  of  Holland.     Works  :  Holy  Virgin 

tic  landscape  painting,  in  which  he  was  the  in  the  Temple  (1817),  Abbey  of  Dooreseele  ; 

precursor  of  Theodore  Rousseau  and  of  Jules  Miracle  of  St.  Landvald,  St.  Bavon's,  Client  ; 

Dupre.     Frequently  visited  Italy  and  Hoi-  SS.  Peter  and  Paul,  St.  James's,  ib.;  Resur- 

land.    Had  many  pupils.    Medals:  2d  class,  red  ion,  Museum,  ib. ;  Portrait  of  Napoleon 

1833  ;  1st  class,  1848,  185.1,  18(57  ;  L.  of  Hon-  as  Consul,  Antwerp  Museum;  do.  of  John 

our,  1841.     Works  :  View  of  La  Fi-re  (1827);  Quincy  Adams  (1814).— Cat.  du  Mus.  d  An- 

Storm  at  Close  of  Day,  Interior  of  a  Park  vers  (1874),  474  ;  Immerzeel,  ii.  61  ;  Krainm, 

(1831);  Entrance  of  Forest  of  Compiegne,  iii.  7(13  ;  vii.  87. 

Guard-House  (1833);  Views  of  Eu  and  of       Hl'CARD  DE  LATOUR,  CLAUDE 
Honlleur  (1834);  Morning  Calm  in  Forest ,  SEBASTIEN,  born  at  Cluses  (Haute-Savoie), 


ours,  to   continue   the  collection  b 

l(i")()    by        ^^ 

the   Duke         JJ    '  '       , 

M™- SXJUt.1  p-' 

L  'Art  / 


HUGHES 


in  April,  ISIS.  Landscape  painter,  pupil 
of  Diday.  Medals:  3d  class,  1844;  2d 
class,  184G.  Works  :  Morning  in  the  Alps 
(1844) ;  Sunrise,  Cool  Valley  (184G) ;  View  of 
Montblane  (1853),  School  of  Mines,  Paris  ; 
replica  reduced  in  Museum  at  Bagncres-de- 
Bigorre  ;  Ascent  of  Mor  dc  Glace  by  Em- 
peror and  Empress  in  18(50  (18(il);  Entry 
to  Forest  of  Bclloin,  After  tho  Rain  (1870); 
View  in  Forest  of  Gompu-gne,  do.  nearTrou- 
ville  (1874)  ;  Cirque  de  Cavarni,  Lake  of 
Thiiim,  BagniTes  -  de  -  Bigorrc  Museum  ; 
Spring-banks  of  Seine  (1884)  ;  Sunset  in 
Valley  of  Faucigny  (1885),  Prince  do  Lu- 
cinge-Faucigny. — Bellier,  i.  78!). 

HUGHES.  ARTHUR,  born  in  London  in 
1832.  Genre  and  portrait  painter,  student 
of  Royal  Academy,  \vhere  he  exhibited  his 
April  Love  in  1854.  Belongs  to  the  Pre- 
Raphaelite  school.  Works  :  Eve  of  St.  Ag- 
nes, Music  Party,  Sunbeam  in  Church  (18(i4); 
Home  from  Work,  The  Mower,  Silver  and 
Gold  (1865);  Good  Night  (186(5);  Sir  Gala- 
had, Kndymioii  (1870);  Lady  of  Shalott, 
Convent  Boat  (1873);  Woodman's  Return; 
King's  Garden  ;  Burial  of  the  Good  Knight  ; 
Vanity,  Uncertainty  (1878);  The  Old  Neigh-  f 
bour  gone  Before  (1879);  Tho  Sailing  Signal 
Gun,  Mittagsschliifchen  (1881);  Summer  is 
a-coming  In,  Skipper  and  his  Crew  (1882); 
Memories,  Home  Quartette  (1883)  ;  Ripe 
Corn,  Corner  of  the  Common  (1884);  Sun- 
day Morning,  Autumn,  Rest  bv  the  Way 
(1885).— Portfolio  (1870),  113. 

HUGHTENBUHGH  (Huchtcnburg),  JA- 
COBUS VAX,  born  at  Haarlem  in  1G3!)  (?), 
died  in  Rome  about  1G70  (?).  Dutch  school ; 
landscape  painter,  brother  of  Jan  van  Hugh- 
tenburgh,  pupil  of  Nicolaas  Berchem.  Trav- 
elled in  Italy  and  lived  long  in  Rome.  Land- 
scapes with  Cattle  (2,  1G70),  Copenhagen 
Gallery ;  Roman  Landscape,  do.  (1G70), 
Schwcriu  Gallery.  —  Immerzeel,  ii.  62 ; 
Kramm,  iii.  7G5. 

HUGHTENBURGH  (Huchtenburg),  JAN 
VAN,  born  in  Haarlem  in  1G4G,  died  in 
Amsterdam  in  1733.  Dutch  school ;  battle 
paiiiter,  pupil  of  Thomas  Wyck,  in  Rome  of 


his  brother  Jacob,  and  in  Paris  (1667)  of 
Van  der  Meulen.  Before  1G70  he  returned 
to  Haarlem  and  began  to  deal  in  pictures. 
The  fame  of  his  collection  of  battle-pieces, 
hunts,  etc.,  led  in  1708  to  commissions  from 
Prince  Eugene,  for  whom  he  painted  battle- 
pieces.  First  manner  best ;  afterwards  be- 
came melodramatic  and  empty.  Works  : 
Battle,  National  Gallery,  London  ;  Cavalry 
Charge,  Siege  of  Fortified  Town,  Louvre, 
Paris  ;  Prince  Eugene  on  Horseback  (1(592), 
Two  Skirmishes,  Hague  Museum  ;  Skirmish, 
Portrait  of  Prince  Willem  III.,  Amsterdam 
Museum  ;  Horse  Market,  Skirmish  and  Land- 
scape, Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Cavalry  Charge, 
Episode  of  a  Battle,  Brussels  Museum  ;  Boar- 
hunt  (1G74),  Aschaffenburg  Gallery  ;  Attack 
of  Robbers,  Basle  Museum  :  Plundering  of 
a  Village,  Stag-Hunt  (1G74),  Berlin  Museum  ; 
Skirmish  on  a  Bridge,  Attack  of  Robbers, 
Brunswick  Museum ;  Piazza  Colonna  in 
Rome,  Siege  of  Namur,  Cassel  Gallery;  Street 
Life  in  Italian  Town  (1707),  Market  Square, 
Cavalry  Skirmish  on  Hill,  do.  about  Battery, 
Review,  Frolic  at  Sutler's  Tent,  Cavalry 
Fight,  Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Cavalry  Fights 
(G,  two  dated  1718,  1720),  Dresden  Museum; 
Storming  of  a  Fortress,  Festive  Drive  of 
Louis  XIV.  over  the  Pontneuf  (1G74),  Gotha 
Museum  ;  Cavalry  Skirmish,  Konigsberg 
Museum  ;  Cavalry  Skirmish,  Attack  upon 
Convoy,  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Hunting 
Party  Resting,  Germanic  Museum,  Nurem- 
berg ;  Battle-pieces  (2),  Schleissheim  Gal- 
lery ;  Camp-Scenes  (2),  Attack  of  Robbers, 
Visitors  in  Military  Camp  (1G!)4),  Battle 
(1G95),  Cavalry  Fight,  Schwerin  Gallery ; 
Surprisal  of  Wagon  by  Horsemen,  Siege 
of  Namur,  Vienna  Museum  ;  Skirmish  by 
Ruins,  Czernin  Gallery,  ib.;  The  Riverside, 


Historical  Society,  New  York.— Immerzeel, 
ii.  63  ;  Kngler  (Crowe),   ii.   434  ;    Kramm, 


HUGUENOT 

iii.  705  ;  Riegel,  Beitriige,  ii.  420  ;  Vim  ilcr  gross  there  at  tlio  close  of  the  Seven  Years' 

Willigen,  184.  War,  and  after  1'rince  Fredcrik's  death  lie 

HUGUENOT,  Sir  John  Everett  Millaix,  was  appointed  court-painter  to  the  Emperor 

Mrs.  Miller,  Preston,  England;  canvas,  H.  Ferdinand  III.      Works:  Pitta   (2).   (ilicnt 

3  ft  2  in.  X  2  ft.  1  in.     Incident  founded  on  Museum. — Immtr/ttl,    ii.    (i4  ;  Kramiii,    iii. 

the  order  of  the  Due  de  Guise,  that  every  7(i(i. 

Catholic  should  bind  a  strip  of  white  linen  HULSM.VN,  .JOHANN.  tlourislied  in  Co- 
round  his  arm  on  the  morning  of  St.  Bar-  logne  about  middle  of  17th  century,  (ier- 
tholomew's  Day  (Aug.  15,  1572),  when  the  man  school  ;  history  and  portrait  painter, 
bell  of  the  Palais  de  Justice;  should  give  the  pupil  of  Augustin  Braun  ;  possessed  of 
signal  for  the  massacre.  The  Huguenot  of  great  inventive  power,  and  an  aide  coloiirist, 
the  picture  gravely  refuses  to  permit  his  worthy  to  be  ranked  with  the  best  masters 
Roman  Catholic  mistress  to  bind  a  white  of  Rubens'  school.  Works  :  View  of  Castle 
scarf  around  his  arm,  as  he  takes  a  last  em-  and  City  of  Heidelberg  (10:ill>,  Carlsruhe 
brace  ;  at  the  same  time  the  rose  in  her  Gallery;  Legend  of  St.  Nicholas  (104:>),  St. 
bosom  falls  to  the  ground,  shedding  its  Ursula  Church,  Cologne  ;  Assumption.  . Vpos- 
leaves.  Royal  Academy,  1852  ;  painted  for  tie  Church,  ib. :  Portrait  of  General  .Johann 
David  T.  White,  a  dealer,  for  C150,  to  which  von  Werth,  St.  Veronica,  Museum,  ib.;  Kle 
C50  was  added  after  the  engraving  by  T.  ().  gant  Assembly  at  Meal  Out -of- Doors  {  Hit  1 1. 
Barlow  had  proved  remunerative.  Tliispict-  Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg.-  Alli_;em. 
lire  brought  Mr.  Millais  to  the  height  of  d.  Biogr..  xiii.  !!:!•">  ;  Naglcr,  Mon.,  iii.  '.IJS1. 
his  reputation.  The  Huguenot  was  painted  HULST,  FRAN'S  I>K,  died  in  Haarlem, 
from  Mr.  Arthur,  now  General  Lempriere,  Dec.  2!),  1001.  Dutch  school  ;  landscape 
and  the  Catholic  from  Miss  Ryan,  who  sat  painter,  master  of  the  guild  at  Haarlem  in 
also  for  the  Puritan  Maiden  in  the  Proscribed  1031.  Resembles  in  his  early  manner  Salo- 
Royalist.  Sketch  in  water-colours,  Mr.  C.  mon  van  Ruysdael,  in  his  later.  Uoclof  de 
Langton,  Liverpool.  Vries.  Works:  Dutch  Citv  on  a  Canal, 

HUGUET,   VICTOR    PIERRE,   born    in  Berlin    Museum;     Village   'on     Downs    of 

Lude  (Sarthe);  contemporary.     Genre  and  Scheveningen  (10 4  t),  Gotha  Museum  ;  View 

lan<lscape  painter,  pupil  of  Hmile  Ijoubon  ;  of   Eastern  Gate  at    Hooni,   View  of   N'ym- 

]>aints  pleasing  though  sketchy  Eastern  land-  wegen,    Rotterdam    Museum.-     Meyer,    Ge- 

Kcapcs  and  scenes.      Medals:  lid  class,  18715  ;  midde  d.  ki'mgl.  Mus.,  218. 
2d  class,    1882.     Works:    Caravans;   Wells       HULST,  JAN  BAPTIST  VAN  I >KK,  born 

in  Algiers;  Camels  Grazing,  Ruins  of  Ro-  at  Lou  vain,  March  2,  17!>0,  died  at  Brussels 

man  Aqueduct  in  Algeria  (18(i8);  Hunting  in  June,  18(12.     History  and  portrait  paint- 

with   the   Falcon   in  Algeria  (1874);  River  er,  pupil  of  Louvain  Academy  under  J.  (!. 

Cheliff  in  Algeria  (187!));  Wandering  Tribe  Geedts  ;  went  in  181!)  to  Paris,  and  in  1*21! 

in  Algeria  (1882)  ;  Evening  in  the  Dollars  to  Rome,   whence  he  visited  Naples,   Flor- 

near  Biskra  (1884).  cnce,  and   Venice  ;  was  made  court-painter 

HULLE,  ANSELMUS  VAN,  born  at  to  the  King  of  Holland  in  1830,  and  sub«e- 
Ghent  in  1594,  died  about  1008.  Flemish  quently  member  of  Amsterdam  Academy, 
school.  Heal  name  Anselmus  Hebbelynck.  Works:  Miracle  of  the  Holy  Sacrament,  St. 
History  and  portrait  painter,  master  of  the  James's,  Louvain  ;  Series  of  Family  Por- 
guild  at  Ghent  in  1620,  subdcan  in  l(!l(2  ;  traits,  Duke  of  Arenberg,  Brussels. — Immer- 
settled  early  in  Holland,  where  his  talent  zeel,  ii.  05  ;  Kramm,  vii.  87. 
was  much  appreciated.  Prince  Frederik  HULST,  PEETER  VAN,  died  in  Antwerp 
Hendrik  sent  him  to  Mdnstcr  in  1048  to  ill  1028.  Flemish  school ;  landscape  paint- 
paint  the  portraits  of  the  envoys  to  the  Con-  er,  pupil  of  Ghielis  Vinbons  in  1583  ;  his 

303 


HULSWIT 


pictures,  enlivened  with  figures,  are  vividly 
conceived  and  powerful  in  tone.  Not  to 
be  confounded  with  Teeter  Verlmlst,  alias 
Floris,  of  Mec'blin,  who  became  master  of 
the  guild  at  Antwerp  in  1589,  and  took  Jan 
Wildens  as  a  pupil  in  1590,  nor  with  Pieter 
van  <liT  Hulst,  called  Zonnebloem,  landscape 
and  still-life  painter  (born  at  Dordrecht, 
Feb.  25,  1051,  died  in  1708),  by  whom  there 
is  a  Village  View  (1(552)  in  the  Stiidel  Gal- 
lery at  Frankfort.  Work,  Flemish  Kirmcss 
(1028),  Brunswick  Museum. — Riegel,  Bei- 
triige,  ii.  88. 

HULSWIT,  JAN,  born  at  Amsterdam, 
April  11,  17GO,  died  there,  Aug.  8,  1822. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Pieter  Barbiers, 
the  younger  (born  in  174'J)  ;  member  of 
Royal  Institute  of  the  Netherlands  and  of 
Amsterdam  Academy.  Works  :  Landscapes 
(•2, 1807, 1813),  City  Gate  (1807),  Amsterdam 
Museum  ;  Landscape,  Stadel  Gallery,  Frank- 
fort.— Immerzeel,  ii.  00. 

HUMBERT,  FERDINAND,  born  in 
Paris,  Oct.  8,  1842. 
Genre  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of 
Picot,  Cabanel,  and 
Eugene  Fromentin. 
A  skilful  realist,  and 
vigorous  colourist. 
Medals:  1800,  1807, 
1809  ;  3d  class,  1878 ; 
L.  of  Honour,  1878. 
Works:  Flight  of 
Nero  (1805)  ;  CEdipus  and  Antigone  Find- 
ing the  Bodies  of  Eteocles  and  Polynices 
(1800),  Aurillac  Museum ;  Ambroise  Paro 
and  the  Duke  de  Nemours  (18(58)  ;  Dr.  Nela- 
ton  ;  Massaouda  (18(59)  ;  John  Baptist  and 
the  Fortune-Teller  (1872) ;  Delilah  (1873) ; 
Madonna  and  St.  John  (1874),  Luxembourg 
Museum  ;  Christ  at  the  Column  (1875),  Or- 
leans Museum  ;  Woman  taken  in  Adultery 
(1877);  Rape  of  Dejanira  (1878);  Salome 
(1880) ;  Child's  Portrait  (1884) ;  The  End  of 
the  Day  (1885).— Bellier,  i.  794  ;  Larousse,  | 
Supplement. 

HUMBERT,  JEAN  CHARLES  FERDI- 


NAND, born  at  Dardagny,  near  Geneva,  in 
1813,  died  at  Geneva,  March  20,  1881.  Ani- 
mal and  landscape  painter,  pupil  in  Paris 
of  Ingres  and  of  Diday,  but  studied  chiefly 
from  nature.  Medal,  3d  class,  Paris,  1842  ; 
honorary  member  of  St.  Petersburg  Acad- 
emy, 18(50  ;  Russian  Order  of  Stanislaus, 
1800  ;  Italian  Order  of  St.  Maurice  and 
Lazarus,  1803.  Works  :  Cattle  Drinking, 
Basle  Museum  ;  Herd  Crossing  River  (1840), 
Berne  Museum  ;  The  Ford,  Musee  Rath, 
Geneva. 

HUMMEL,  KARL,  born  in  Weimar  in 
1821.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Preller, 
with  whom  he  visited  Holland,  Norway, 
Riigen,  and  Tyrol ;  lived  in  Italy  in  1842-40, 
and  painted  many  landscapes  in  the  ideal 
style  of  Claude  Lorrain.  Professor  at  the 
Weimar  Art  School  since  1859.  Works : 
Mountainous  Landscape  (1854)  ;  Gardens 
of  Armida,  View  of  Brienz  Lake  (1858), 
View  in  Lauterbrunn  Valley  (1859),  Ger- 
man Landscape  (1800),  Leipsic  Museum ; 
Rape  of  Hylas  ;  Seneca's  Tower  in  Corsica  ; 
Flight  to  Egypt ;  Garden  of  Belriguardo  ; 
Tyrolese  Landscape  ;  View  of  Miihlberg  ; 
Views  of  Bohemian  Forest ;  Monte  Rotondo 
in  Corsica  ;  Ajaccio  seen  from  Campo  dell' 
Oro  ;  Capo  di  Sorrento  ;  Civita  Castellana  ; 
Monte-Soracte. — Miiller,  209  ;  Nagler,  Mon., 
iii.  271. 

HUMPHREY,  OXIAS,  born  at  Honiton, 
Devonshire,  Sept.  8,  1742,  died  in  London, 
March  9,  1810.  Studied  drawing  in  the 
school  of  William  Shipley,  London,  and 
miniature  painting  under  Samuel  Collins, 
at  Bath.  In  1704  he  settled  in  London,  and 
gained  much  reputation  as  a  miniature 
painter.  In  1773  he  accompanied  Romney 
to  Italy,  and  in  1785  went  to  India,  where 
he  painted  many  illustrious  natives.  His 
crayon  portraits  were  much  esteemed.  He 
became  A.R.A.  in  1779,  and  R.A.  in  1791.— 
Redgrave ;  Cat.  Nat.  Port.  Gal. ;  Cat.  S. 
Kensington  Mus. ;  Nat.  Port.  Exhib.  (1867) ; 
Sandby,  ii.  214. 

HUNDERTPFUND,  LIBERAT,  born  in 
Bregeuz,  Nov.  11,  1800,  died  there,  March 


304 


iirxix 


28,  1878.  History  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Vienna  Academy.  Returned  in 
1828  to  his  native  town,  painted  altarpieces, 
and  in  1832  went  to  Munich,  where  he  soon 
acquired  reputation  as  a  portrait  painter. 
After  1835,  when  lie  had  moved  to  Augs- 
burg, he  devoted  himself  exclusively  to 
religious  subjects,  and  executed  many  altar- 
pieces  ;  after  183!),  decorated  several  church- 
es in  fresco  ;  returned  to  Broken/  in  lsT(i. 
Works:  Portrait  of  Dillis  (1832),  New  Pina- 
kothek,  Munich  ;  Portrait  of  Eisner  (ls:!5), 
Augsburg  Gallery ;  Portrait  of  Bishop  Al- 
bert Ric'g  ;  Christ  on  Mount  of  Olives  ;  St. 
Peter  on  the  Waters. — Kunst-Chronik,  xiii. 
570. 

HUNIN.  (PIERRE  PAUL)  ALOl'IS,  born 
at  Mechlin,  Dec.  7,  1808,  died  there,  Feb. 
27,  1855.  Genre  painter,  son  of,  and  tirst 
instructed  by,  the  engraver  Mathieu  Hunin, 
then  pupil  of  Braekeleer,  and  in  Paris  of 
Ingres  and  Cognict.  Medals:  Brussels, 
1839,  1845;  The  Hague,  1841;  Order  of 
Jjeopold.  Works  :  Girl  praying  for  her 
Mother  (1834);  Young  Draughtsman  (lS3li); 
Paternal  Lesson,  Marriage  Ceremony  (183!)); 
Mother's  Anxiety  (1840) ;  Return  of  Wound- 
ed Soldier  (1S41)  ;  Return  from  Baptism 
(1842)  ;  Father's  Last  Advice  (1843)  ;  Open- 
ing of  the  Will  (1845),  Berlin  Museum  ; 
Maria  Theresa  visiting  Poor  Family  ;  Dis- 
tribution of  Alms.  —  Immerxeel,  ii.  (!7  ; 
Krainm,  iii.  771. 

HUNS,  BATTLE  OF  THE,  Wilhelm  von 
Kaitllwh,  New  Museum,  Berlin  ;  mural 
painting,  staircase  hall.  In  the  background, 
Rome  ;  before  it  a  field  strewn  with  dead 
bodies  gradually  awakening,  rising,  and  ral- 
lying ;  among  them  wailing  women.  At  the. 
heads  of  the  two  ghostly  hosts  arc  Attila, 
earned  on  a  shield  by  the  Huns,  and  wield- 
ing a  scourge,  and  Theodoric  with  his  two 
sons,  behind  whom  is  raised  the  banner  of 
the  Cross. 

HUNT,  ALFRED  WILLIAM,  born  in 
Liverpool  in  1831.  Landscape  painter,  pu- 
pil of  his  father,  a  drawing  teacher  of  Liver- 
pool ;  is  a  graduate  and  a  fellow  of  Corpus 


Christi  College,  Oxford.  First  picture  to 
bring  him  into  notice  was  Stream  from  Llyn 
Idwal,  Caernarvonshire,  exhibited  at  Roval 
Academy  in  185(i.  Paints  in  both  oil  and 
water-colours.  Among  the  former  are  :  De- 
batable Ground  (18IJ2)  ;  Morning  Mist  on 
Loch  Marcc  (1870);  Goring  Luck  on  the 
Thames  (1S71);  From  Moor  to  Mount 
(1*74)  ;  Summer  Days  for  Me!  (1871!)  ;  On 
the  Coast,  of  Yorkshire  (1S77)  ;  Norwegian 
Midnight,  Leafy  June  (IsT'.l);  Safe  in  the 
Mud,  Golden  Night  (18M)  ;  Sonning  Mid- 
day (18S2)  ;  North  Countrv  Stream  (lss:'>). 

HUNT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  born  in 
London,  March  28,  17'.ni,  died  there,  Feb. 
1(1,  ISI',4.  Landscape,  still-life,  and  ^eniv 
painter  in  water-colours;  pupil  of  John 
Varley  and  of  the  Royal  Academy,  where  he 
exhibited,  in  ISO",  Scene  near  Hounslow, 
and  View  near  Heading  :  became,  in  18'27, 
a  member  of  the  Society  of  Painters  in 
Water  Colours.  Among  his  best  works  are: 
The  Laboratory.  The  Attack.  The  Defeat, 
The  Orphans,  The  Itinerant,  Mulatto  Girl, 
Ballad-Singer,  Study  of  Gold — A  Smoked 
Pilchard,  Studv  of  I  Jose  Grey — A  Mushroom 
(I8(i(l);  Dead  Humming-Bird  (Isiil);  Still 
Life,  W.  T.  Walters.  Baltimore.--*  )ttle\  ; 
liiiskin.  Notes  on  S.  Prtnit  and  Win.  Hunt 
(London,  187it). 

HUNT,  WILLIAM 
London.  April,  18-J7. 
Pupil  of  John  Varley, 
and  in  18J5  of  the 
Royal  Academy, 
where  he  exhibited 
his  first  picture,  Hark ! 
ill  1841!.  In  184!)  he 
took  his  stand  with 
Millais  ami  others  of 
the  so-called  Pre- 
Haphaelites,  and  has 
since  been  one  of  the  most  earnest  apostles 
of  that  school  of  painting.  In  1854-55  he 
visited  Egypt  and  Syria,  and  has  since  spent 
much  time  in  the  East,  especially  in  Jeru- 
salem, where  several  of  his  pictures  wero 
painted.  Works  :  Little  Nell  and  her  Grand- 


110LMAN.   born    in 


305 


HUNT 


father,  Dr.  Roehcliffe  performing  Divine 
Service  in  Cottage  of  Jocelyn  Joliffe  (1847) ; 
Flight  of  Madelaine  and  Porphyro  (1848)  ; 
L'ienzi  vowing  to  avenge  his  Brother's  Death 
(1849) ;  Converted  British  Family  sheltering 
a  Christian  Missionary  from  Druids  (1850)  ; 
Valentine  rescuing  Sylvia  (1851)  ;  Hireling 
Shepherd  (1852) ;  Claudio  and  Isabella,  Our 
English  Coasts  (1853) ;  Awakened  Conscience, 
Liyht  of  the  World  (1854)  ;  Scapegoat,  Find- 
ing of  the  Sin-lour  in  the  Temple  (18(50) ; 
King  of  Hearts  (1803)  ;  Afterglow  in  Egypt 
(1805);  London  Bridge  on  the  Entry  of 
Princess  Alexandra,  Itahcllu  and  the  Pot  of 
Basil  (1808) ;  Sliadoirot  Death  (1873),  Man- 
chester Art  Gallery  ;  Flight  into  Egypt,  Ital- 
ian Child,  Plains  of  Esdraelon,  Street  Scene 
near  Cairo  (1877);  The  Ship  (1878);  Miss 
Flamborough  (1882);  Port  rait  of  Dante 
Gabriel  Rossctti  (1884);  Bride  of  Bethle- 
hem, TriinniJi  of  the  Innocents  (1885). — 
Portfolio  (1871),  34  ;  Art  Journal  (1800), 
158,  182  ;  Rossetti,  Fine  Art,  233. 
HUNT,  WILLIAM  MORRIS,  born  in 
Brattleborough, 
Vt,,  March  31, 
1824,  died  at  the 
Isles  of  Shoals, 
Sept.  8,  1S79. 
Portrait,  land- 
scape, and  figure 
painter ;  studied 

ilt  tllc  Royftl 

Academy,  Diis- 
seldorf,  in  1840,  with  the  intention  of  be- 
coming a  sculptor.  Nine  months  later  be- 
came the  pupil  for  a  short  time  of  Couture 
in  Paris,  after  which  he  went  to  Barbizon  to 
study  witli  Millet,  who  influenced  his  work 
through  life.  In  1855  returned  to  the 
United  States,  opened  a  studio  in  Newport, 
and  a  little  later  settled  permanently  in 
Boston,  where  he  had  many  scholars.  Vis- 
ited Paris  in  18G7.  Works  :  Head  of  a 
Jewess ;  Priscilla,  Thomas  Wigglesworth, 
Boston  ;  Farmer's  Return  (1849)  ;  Sheep 
Shearing  at  Barbizon  ;  Fortune-Teller ; 
Prodigal  Sou  ;  Girl  with  a  Kitten  ;  Girl 


Reading  ;  Girl  Spinning  :  Violet  Girl ;  Mar- 
guerite ;  Hurdy-Gurdy  Boy  ;  Drummer-Boy 
(1801) ;  Bugle-Call  (1864) ;  Gloucester  Har- 
bour ;  Newton  Lower  Falls  ;  Coast  Scene  at 
Magnolia — Mass. ;  Dead  in  the  Snow  ;  The 
Lambs,  Mrs.  G.  W.  Long.  Portraits  :  Chief 
Justice  Shaw,  Essex  County  Bar ;  Allan 
"Wardner  ;  Horace  Gray  (1805),  Chief  Jus- 
tice Gray  ;  Mrs.  S.  G.  Ward  (1807)  ;  of  the 
Artist  (1879),  Peter  C.  Brooks,  Jr.  ;  of  his 
Wife  ;  Mrs.  Charles  Francis  Adams  ;  Mrs. 
G.  W.  Long ;  Wm.  H.  Gardiner  ;  Hon.  W. 
M.  Evarts,  Miss  Mason.  The  Flight  of 
N'ujht,  and  the  Discoverer,  mural  decorations 
in  the  Capitol  at  Albany  (1878).— Am.  Art 
,  Rev.  (1880),  49,  93  ;  Tuckerman,  447  ;  Talks 
|  on  Art,  by  W.  M.  H.,  edited  by  Helen  M. 
Knowlton,  two  series  (Boston,  1875,  1882). 
HUNTEN,  EMIL  JOHANNES,  born  in 
Paris,  Jan.  19,  1827. 
Battle  painter,  pupil 
of  Flandrin  and  of 
Ecole  des  Boanx  Arts 
under  Vernet,  then 
in  Antwerp  under 
Wappers  and  Dyck- 
mans  ;  settled  (1851) 
in  Diisseldorf,  and 
became  a  pupil  of 
Camphausen.  In  1804 

he  accompanied  the  army  during  part  of  the 
winter  campaign  in  Schleswig,  and  the 
Army  of  the  Main  in  18GG  ;  in  1870-71  he 
visited  many  of  the  battle-fields  in  France. 
Medals  in  Berlin  (1872),  Vienna  (1873). 
Member  of  Berlin  Academy  since  1878. 
Works  :  Prussian  Cuirassiers  dashing  over 
a  Bridge  (1852-53)  ;  Skirmish  near  Hen- 
nersdorf  (1855)  ;  Skirmish  at  Reichenbach 
(1850),  Provinzial  Museum,  Hanover  ;  Battle 
of  Zorndorf  (1858)  ;  Patrol  of  Cuirassiers, 
General  von  Nostitz  at  Oeversee,  Austrian 
Officer  with  Flag  of  Truce,  Storming  Dap- 
pel  Earthworks  (18G5)  ;  Reconnoitring  at 
Sadowa  (18GG)  ;  Episode  from  Battle  of 
Crefeld,  Blucher,  Kiel  Gallery  ;  From  the 
Time  of  Frederic  the  Great,  Stettin  Muse- 
um ;  Skirmish  of  Patrol  near  Thorstedt ; 


306 


HUNTKN 


Prussian  Hussars  against  Danish  Dragoons; 
Cavalry  Fight  near  Elsasshauseu  (1877), 
National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Guard-Dragoons 
at  Mars-la-Tour  ;  Eugngcnieiit  near  St. 
Privat ;  Chasseurs  cl'Afriquc  at  Sedan  ;  Epi- 
sode from  Fall  Manoeuvres  on  the  Ithine 
(1870);  Battle  near  Loigny,  1870  (1882), 
Bremen  Gallery. — Miiller,  272. 

HUNTEN,  FRANZ,  born  in  Hamburg  in 
1822.  Marine  painter,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf 
Academy  under  Schirmer,  and  studied  from 
nature  on  the  coasts  of  Holland,  Belgium, 
France,  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  Norway, 
Italy,  and  the  Levant.  Works  :  Shipwreck 
on  Coast  of  Scotland  (1870),  Kunsthalle, 
Hamburg  ;  Surge  on  Norwegian  Coast, 
Schwerin  Gallery. 

HUNTER,  COLIN,  born  in  Glasgow  in 
1842.  Marine 
painter,  self-taught; 
worked  for  several 
years  in  Glasgow, 
but  now  resides  in 
London.  Exhibits 
chiefly  at  Royal 
Academy  and  Royal 
Scottish  Academy. 
Elected  an  A.R.A. 
in  188)5.  He  is  one 
of  the  best  living  painters  of  water  in  mo- 
tion. Visited  America  in  1881  to  study 
Niagara  Falls.  "Works  :  Herring  Trawling 
(1872),  Mr.  Arthur  Lewis,  Moray  Lodge; 
Trawlers  waiting  for  Darkness  (187.'!),  Phil- 
adelphia Exposition,  187t>,  Paris,  1S78, 
Alexander  Stevenson,  Tynemouth  ;  Salmon 
Stake-Nets  (1874),  Sidney  ( iallery.  Australia  ; 
Stitch  in  Time,  Daily  Bread  (1877);  Stores 
for  the  Cabin  (1878);  Lee  Shore,  Village  of 
Aroch  (187'J);  Their  Only  Harvest  (187'.»). 
purchased  by  Royal  Academy  ;  The  Silver 
of  the  Sea  (1880),  Sir  Donald  C'urrie  ;  In 
the  Gloaming  (1881);  Mussel  Gatherers,  G. 
C.  Schwabe,  Henley -on-Thames  ;  The  Island 
Harvest,  Waiting  for  the  Homeward-Bound 
(1882)  ;  Lobster  Fishers  (1881!) ;  A  Pebbled 
Shore  (1883),  Wm.  Pearce,  Glasgow  ;  Sum- 
mer Twilight,  As  they  roar  ou  the  Shore, 


The  First  Arrivals,  Herring  Market  at   Sea 
(1884)  ;  Rapids  of  Niagara  (188.">). 

HUNTINGTON,  DANIEL,  born  in  New- 
York,  Oct.  14,  181(5. 
Portrait  and  genre 
painter,  pupil  of  Pro- 
fessor Morse  in  l8!{."), 
later  of  Inman.  Vis- 
ited Europe  in  18;!!l, 
and  again  in  1814, 
painting  some  of  his 
m  ust.  i  mpo  rta  n  t 
works  in  Florence, 
and  Rome.  Kleded 
an  A.N'.A.  in  IN:!'.»  and  N.A.  in  1840.  Presi- 
dent of  the  National  Academy  in  I8(i2, 
l8i;:i,  an. I  ls77,  and  still  holds  the  oilier. 
Stiuliu  in  New  York.  Works:  Florentine 
Girl,  Karly  Christian  Prisoners  (is:',!!); 
Shepherd  Boy  (1810)  ;  (Mark  Penitents, 
Sacred  Lesson  (1811);  Woodland  Scene, 
Coast  near  Newport,  Swiss  Lake,  Christiana 
and  her  Children,  .lA'/vy's  Dream  (I8.">lh, 
Corcoran  Gallery.  Washington  ;  replica, 
Pennsylvania  Academy,  Philadelphia  ;  Piety 
and  Folly,  Henry  VIII.  and  Catherine  Parr 
(1850);  Chocorna  (iNliO),  Mrs.  It.  I,.  Stu- 
art, New  York  ;  Venice,  •).  P.  Morgan,  ik  ; 
Study  in  the  Woods,  C.  1'.  Huntington,  il>. ; 
St.  Jerome,  T.  I!.  Clarke,  ib.;  The  Sibyl, 
Historical  Society,  ib. ;  Juliet  on  the  Balcony 
(1870);  Titian,  Clement,  VII.  and  Charles 
V.  at  Bologna  (1874);  /iVyn/W/.vj//  Court 
(1S7C),  A.  T.  Stewart  Collection,  New  York; 
Philosophy  and  Christian  Art  (1878) ;  Gold- 
smith's Daughter,  Lady  in  White  and  Red 
(1884).  Portraits:  Presidents  Lincoln 
(Union  League  Club,  New  York)  and  Van 
IJuren  (State  Library,  Albany)  ;  Governor  E. 
D.  Morgan  ;  Win.  E.  Dodge  ;  Chancellor 
Ferris,  New  York  University  ;  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Tayloe,  Corcoran  Gallery,  Washington; 
James  Lenox  ;  John  Taylor  Johnston  ;  Bish- 
op Whipple  ;  Rev.  Morgan  Dix  ;  Bishop 
Potter ;  Commodore  Stringham  ;  Judge 
Blatchford  (1879),  U.  S.  District  Court; 
Sir  Charles  Eastlake,  Earl  of  Carlisle,  Gen- 
eral John  A.  Dix  (1880),  Historical  Society, 


3U7 


HUNTSMAN 


New   York ;    Hon.    John   Sherman    (1881),  j 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  ib.;  Rev.  Dr.  Adams 
(1883),  Union  Theological  Seminary  ;  Hon. 
E.   C.   Wiuthrop,    I).   S.   Congress ;   Julius 
Hullgarten,  founder  of  the  Hallgarten  Prizes 
(1884),  National  Academy,  New  York;  Pro-, 
lessor  Edward  North  (1885).— Am.  Art  Rev. 
(1881),  223  ;  Tuckerman,  321. 

HUNTSMAN,  SLEEPING  (Chasseur  en- 
dormi),  Gabriel  Metxn,  Sir  Richard  Wallace, 
Hertford  House,  London  ;  wood,  H.  1  ft.  3 
in.  x  1  ft.  1  in.  A  tired  and  sleeping  hunts- 
man in  front  of  an  inn,  the  host  of  which  is 
disencumbering  him  of  part  of  his  game  ;  a 
woman  bringing  a  jug  of  beer.  Formerly 
in  Fcseh  Gallery.  Bought  by  Lord  Hert- 
ford for  113,000. — Waagen,  Treasures,  ii. 
159. 

HURLSTONE,  FllEDEUICK  YEATES, 
born  in  London  in  1800,  died  there,  June 
10,  180'.).  Portrait  and  subject  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Sir  William  Beechey,  of  Sir  T.  Law- 
rence, and  of  Haydon,  and  in  1820  student 
of  the  Royal  Academy,  where  he  won  the 
gold  medal  in  1823  for  the  best  historical 
picture.  In  1835  he  visited  Italy,  in  1841, 
1851,  and  1852  Spain,  and  in  185-1  Mo- 
rocco, and  the  themes  of  his  pictures  were 
largely  drawn  from  those  countries.  Dur- 
ing the  thirty-four  years  preceding  his  de- 
cease he  was  president  of  the  Society  of 
British  Artists.  Works  :  Prisoner  of  Chil- 
lon  (1837);  Scene  in  St.  Peter's  ;  Enchanted 
Garden  of  Armida  ;  Constance  and  Arthur  ; 
Venetian  Page  ;  Italian  Boy  with  Mandolin  ; 
Boabdil  el  Chico  ;  Game  of  Mora  ;  Colum- 
bus asking  Alms  ;  Haidee  roused  from  her 
Trance  by  Music.— Art  Journal  (ISO!)),  271. 

HUSS  BEFORE  THE  COUNCIL  OF 
CONSTANCE,  Karl  Friedrich  L::^i,i</,  Stil- 
del  Gallery,  Frankfort ;  canvas.  Huss  is 
standing,  speaking,  with  his  left  hand  upon 
a  large  book  resting  on  a  stand  ;  at  his  left 
sits  the  Pope's  legate,  leaning  over  whose 
shoulder  is  Gcrson,  supposed  author  of  Imi- 
tatio  Christi ;  and  grouped  on  each  side  are 
the  Cardinal  of  Cambria,  the  Archbishop  of 
Prague,  the  Bishop  of  Lodi,  and  other  ec- 


clesiastics. Painted  in  1842.  Replica,  in 
small,  J.  Long-worth  Collection,  Cincinnati. 
— Art  Treasures  of  America,  iii.  71,  73. 

HUSS,  MARTYRDOM  OF,  Karl  Fried- 
rich  Lesxinij,  Berlin  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  11 
ft.  9  in.  x!8  ft.  1  in.;  signed,  dated  1850. 
Huss,  kneeling  on  a  hill  in  centre,  having 
refused  to  abjure,  is  about  to  have  the  yel- 
low cap,  painted  with  devils  and  inscribed 
"heresiarch,"  placed  upon  his  head  by  a 
man-at-arms ;  near  by  Ziska,  grasping  a 
staff,  and  the  Reformer's  converts — John  of 
Duba  and  John  of  Chlum — watch  the  scene 
with  painful  sympathy  ;  in  foreground,  right, 
Palatine  Louis  of  Bavaria  on  horseback, 
accompanied  by  a  standard-bearer,  looking 
back  at  two  Italian  prelates,  also  mounted  ; 
at  left,  crowd  of  spectators  ;  in  background, 
left,  the  stake  and  executioners  with  ropes 
and  torches.  Replica,  in  small,  J.  Long- 
worth  Collection,  Cincinnati. — Art  Treas.  of 
Anier.,  iii.  71,  73. 

HUTIN,  CHARLES,  born  in  Paris,  July 
4,  1715,  died  in  Dresden  in  1770.     French 
school  ;  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Francois  Le 
Moinc.     Won  the  grand  prix  de  Rome  in 
1735  with  his  Rcbekah  receiving  Abraham's 
Presents,  and  at  Rome  studied  sculpture  for 
seven  years  under  Slodz.     Member  of  the 
Academy  in  1747.     In  1748  went  to  Dres- 
den, where  he  designed  most  of  the  decora- 
tions of  the  Gallery,  and  became  director  of 
the   Academy  in    1708,   and    court-painter. 
Works :  Girl  holding  a 
ft-/  rl'n   Letter  (170!)),   Dresden 
*•      Yf^L  Museum  ;  Woman  light- 

'  **&  ing  a  Fire,  Man  carrying 

Wine  in  a  Cart,  Madrid  Museum. — Bellier,  i. 
798  ;  Larousse  ;  Lejeuue,  Guide,  i.  373. 

HUYS,  PEETER,  second  half  of  IGth 
century.  Flemish  school  ;  genre  painter  in 
the  realistic  style  of  Quinten  Massys  ;  mas- 
;  ter  in  1545  of  the  guild  at  Antwerp,  where 
he  was  still  living  in  1571.  Works  :  Bag- 
piper robbed  by  Old  Woman  (1571),  Berlin 
Museum  (temporarily  in  Stettin  Museum); 
Grotesque  Fantasy  on  Torments  of  Hell, 
Madrid  Museum. 


IIUYSMANS 


I, 


I 


HUYSMANS,  CORNELIS,  called  Huvs- 
nians  of  Mechlin,  born  in  Antwerp,  April 
2,  KJ48,  died 
in  Mechlin, 
June  1,  1727. 
F  1  e  ni  i  s  h 
school;  land- 
scape painter, 
pupil  of  KasiH-r 
do  Witte  in 
Antwerp,  and 
of  Jacques  d'Ar- 
tliois  in  Brus- 
sels, whence  he  went  to  Mechlin.  Van  der 
Mt'iilen,  on  a  visit  to  Brussels,  tried  in  vain 
to  attract  him  to  the  court  of  Louis  XIV., 
but  persuaded  him  to  paint  backgrounds 
for  his  Environs  of  Luxembourg  and  Di- 
u.int,  now  in  the  Louvre.  Works  :  Wood- 
land with  Chateau,  National  Gallery,  Lon- 
don ;  Landscapes  in  National  Gallery,  Edin- 
burgh ;  Louvre,  Paris  (•">)  ;  Museums  at 
Berlin  (.'!),  Brunswick  (~2),  Brussels,  Cologne 
(3),  Dresden  (2),  Hanover,  Nantes,  New  York 
(:J),  Rouen,  Stockholm,  Stuttgart  (I),  Vienna 
('2);  Galleries  at  Augsburg,  Carlsruhe  (2). 
Cassel  (2),  Copenhagen,  Hamburg,  Olden- 
burg, Schleissheim  (.">),  Schwerin  ;  Old  Pi- 
jiakothek,  Munich  (2)  ;  Historical  Societv, 
New  York  (2);  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg 
(2). — Ch.  Blanc,  Keolc  llamandc  ;  Ga/.  des 
B.  Arts  (1H70),  iii.  Ml;  Immor/eel,  ii.  (lit; 
Kramm,  iii.  777  ;  Michiels,  ix.  142  ;  Neet's, 
i.  oO!S ;  Riegel,  Beitriige,  ii.  KJ3 ;  Roosi'S 
(Reber),  414  ;  Van  den  Branden,  1077. 

HUYSMANS,  JACOB,  born  in  Antwerp 
in  !(!.">(!,  died  in  London  in  !(!!)(!.  Flemish 
school  ;  portrait  and  history  painter,  pupil 
of  Gilles  Backereel,  and  completed  his  artis- 
tic education  in  England,  reign  of  Charles 
II.  Painted  the  most  distinguished  ladies 
of  the  court.  Works :  Portrait  of  Queen 
Kathariua  of  Portugal,  Buckingham  Palace  ; 
Portrait  of  Izaak  Walton,  National  Gallery, 
London  ;  Lady  Byron,  Hampton  Court  ; 
Catharine  of  Braganza,  Colonel  W.  Legg, 
National  Portrait  Gallery,  London  ;  Altar- 
piece,  German  chapel,  St.  James's. — Immer- 


in    Amster- 


zeel,  ii.   09 ;    Kramm,   iii.    77H ;    Redgrave, 
223  ;  Scharf,  420. 

HUVSMANS,  JAN  BAPTIST,  born  in 
Antwerp,  baptized  Oct.  7,  1054 ,  died  there, 
July  14,  171(1.  Flemish  school  ;  landscape 
painter,  brother  and  pupil  of  Cornells  ;  mas- 
ter of  the  Antwerp  guild  in  1070.  His  pict- 
ures show  even  more  elevated  feeling  for 
nature  than  those  of  his  brother,  and  were 
often  sold  for  Ruysdaels.  Works:  Great 
Landscape  (l(i!)7),  Brussels  Museum;  Oth- 
ers, Dijon  Museum  ;  Ruins  of  Corinthian 
Temple  |10'.t.-|).  Old  Pinakotliek,  Munich.— 
Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (  1S70),  303,  :!<;<;  ;  Kunst- 
Clironik,  x.  (iK3  ;  Miehiels,  i\.  110,  l.">0  ; 
Rooses  (Reber),  414;  Van  den  Branden, 
1078. 

HUVSl.M.  .IAN  VAN, 
dam,  April  1~>, 
IDS  2,  died 
there,  Feb.  S, 
'  174!).  Dutch 
school  ;  llower 
and  fruit  paint- 
er, son  and  pu- 
pil of  .)  ust  us 
van  Huysum, 
whom  he  assist- 
ed in  executing 
various  subjects,  but  his  great  talent  for 
llower  and  fruit  painting  caused  him  to  de- 
vote himself  exclusively  to  this  branch  of 
art,  in  which  he  formed  himself  after  Do 
Hecm  and  Mignon.  Brilliant  ell'ects  of  light, 
masterly  drawing,  high  tinish  of  detail. 
Works:  Vase  with  Flowers  (1730-37),  do., 
National  Gallery,  London  ;  Bunches  of 
Flowers,  Bridgewater  Gallery  ;  Rich  Flower- 
Piece,  Fruit-Piece,  Lord  Ashburton  ;  Bou- 
quet, Fruit-Piece,  Mr.  Hope's  Collection  ; 
Two,  Dulwich  Gallery;  Landscape  (1717), 
do.  (3),  Flower  and  Fruit-pieces  (0),  Louvre, 
Paris ;  Landscape,  The  Offering,  Flowers 
(1723),  do.,  Fruit-pieces  (2),  Amsterdam 
Museum  ;  Landscapes  and  Flower-pieces  in 
Museums  at  The  Hague  (3),  Berlin  (4,  one 
dated  1722),  Berne,  Boston,  Brunswick  (4, 
one  dated  1724),  Dresden  (3),  Hanover  (2), 


11UYSUM 


Nuremberg,  Stockholm,  Stuttgart,  Vienna 
(2),  Weimar  ;  Galleries  at  Carlsrube  (3,  one 
dated  1714),  Copenhagen,  Hamburg  (2,  one 
dated  1706),  Munich  (3,  one  dated  1735), 
Oldenburg,  Schwerin  (5,  three  dated  1728, 
1742,  1743),  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  (4, 


two  dated  1722,  1723). — Ch.  Blanc,  Eeolc 
hollandaise :  Gool,  ii.  13  ;  luimerzeel,  ii. 
70  ;  Kramm,  iii.  780  ;  Kugler  (Crowe),  ii. 
546. 

HUYSUM,  JUSTUS  VAN",  born  in  Am- 
sterdam, June  8,  1(>59,  died  there  in  April. 
1710.  Dutch  school ;  landscape  and  genre 
painter,  pupil  of  Bereheiu.  Besides  land- 
scapes with  animals  after  the  manner  of 
Ben-hem,  he  painted  portraits,  hunts,  cav- 
alry skirmishes,  and  coast-views  with  great 
technical  skill.  Pictures  sketchy  but  effec- 
tive. He  was  only  inferior  to  his  son  Jan 
as  a  flower  and  fruit  painter.  Works  :  Bou- 
quet, Antwerp  Museum  ;  Landscapes  with 
Animals,  Hague  Museum  ;  Battle  with  Cav- 
alry Skirmish  in  foreground,  Brunswick  Mu- 
seum ;  Flower  and  Fruit-pieces  (5),  Land- 
scape, Schwerin  Gallery. — Irnmerzeel,  ii.  70; 
Nagler,  Mon.,  iv.  171) ;  Riegel,  Beitrilge,  ii. 
42H  ;  Schlie,  21)2. 

HYACINTH,  ST.,  VISION  OF,  Lodovico 
Gtirracci,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  12  ft.  2  in.  x  7 
ft.  3  in.  St.  Hyacinth  at  prayer  before  a 
marble  tablet  sustained  by  an  angel,  in  a 
temple  adorned  with  columns  ;  above,  the 
Virgin  and  Child  upon  clouds,  accompanied 
by  a  choir  of  angels  and  cherubim.  Painted 
in  1594  for  chapel  of  Turrini  family  in  S. 
Domenico,  Bologna.  Lodovico  modelled 
the  composition  in  clay,  and  the  casts  from 
it  long  served  as  studies  in  the  schools  of 


Bologna.  Engraved  by  Agostino  Carracci. 
— Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Landon,  Musee,  ii.  PI. 
39. 

HYHE,  LATJHENT  DE  LA.     See  Hire. 


IAIA  (Laia,  or  Lain),  portrait  painter, 
from  Cyzicus  on  the  Propontis,  lived 
in  Koine  about  beginning  of  1st  cen- 
tury, B.C.  Her  female  portraits,  painted 
both  with  the  pencil  and  with  the  cestrum 
on  ivory,  commanded  higher  prices  than 
those  of  Sopolis  and  Dionysius,  the  most 
renowned  portrait  painters  of  the  time. 
She  painted  her  own  portrait  by  the  aid  of 
a  mirror. — Pliny,  xxxv.  40  [147]. 

IBBETSON,  JULIUS  C.ESAR,  born  at 
Masham,  Yorkshire,  Dec.  29,  1759,  died 
there,  Oct.  13,  1817.  Landscape,  marine, 
animal,  and  figure  painter,  mostly  self- 
taught  ;  went  to  London  about  1778,  first 
exhibited  at  the  Royal  Academy  in  1785, 
and  after  having  accompanied,  as  a  drafts- 
man, Colonel  Cathcart's  embassy  to  China 
in  1788,  was  for  many  years  a  large  con- 
tributor to  its  exhibitions  ;  returned  to  his 
native  place  in  1801.  Benjamin  West  called 
him  the  Berchcm  of  England.  Works  : 
Tigers  in  a  Jungle,  Jack  in  his  Glory,  Land- 
scape with  Rustic  Bridge,  The  Mermaid's 
Haunt,  Sailor's  Return  Home,  View  in  Isle 
of  Wight,  South  Kensington  Museum,  Lon- 
don.—Redgrave,  232. 

IDYL,  Jean  Jacques  Hcnncr,  Luxem- 
bourg Museum,  Paris  ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft.  5 
in.  x  2  ft.  Nude  figures.  A  young  girl, 
seated  beside  a  fountain  shaded  by  trees, 
playing  a  reed  pipe,  and  a  second  one  stand- 
ing, intently  listening.  Salon,  1872. 

IGNATIUS,  ST.,  MIRACLES  OF,  ttu- 
ben*,  Vienna  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  17  ft.  x 
12  ft.  G  in.  St.  Ignatius  Loyola,  standing 
on  the  steps  of  the  altar  in  a  magnificent 
temple,  healing  the  sick  and  the  possessed, 
who  are  grouped  around  him  ;  above,  an- 
gels hovering,  and  in  background,  demons 
escaping.  Painted  for  Jesuits'  Church,  Ant- 
werp ;  bought  in  1774  by  Empress  Maria 


31U 


Ill  LEE 


Theresa  for  18,000  florins.  Original  sketch 
also  in  Vienna  Museum.  Engraved  by 
Marinus  ;  Langer. — Smith,  ii.  19  ;  Gal.  de 
Vienne,  iii.  PI.  317. 

IHLtfE,  EDUARD,  born  in  Cassel  in 
1813,  died  there,  Feb.  10,  1885.  Gorman 
school ;  history  painter,  pupil  of  Friedrich 
Mdllcr,  then  of  Dilsseldorf  Academy  under 
Schadow,  and  of  Stiidel  Institute,  Frankfort, 
under  Veit,  whose  daughter  he  married. 
Visited  Italy,  where  he  studied  the  old 
masters  and  painted  from  nat- 
ure. Professor  at  Cassel  Acad- 
emy. Works  :  St.  Louis  founding 
Hospital  at  C'ompirgne  (1845), 
Mcntx  Gallery  ;  Judith,  Emper- 
or Henry  IV.,  ROmor,  Frankfort  ; 
Finding  of  Moses,  Stuttgart  Mu- 
seum ;  Altarpiece  for  Warmbrunn, 
Silesia  ;  Two  Evangelists  ;  Christ 
blessing  Little  Children  ;  Christ  at 
Simon's  House  ;  Monk  ;  Roman 
Woman  in  Gala  Dress  ;  Convent 
Garden  witli  Monks  ;  Copies  after 
Italian  Masters,  Cassel  Gallery. — 
Kunst-Chronik,  xx.  l!(!5  ;  Miiller, 
273. 

ILDEFONSO,  ST.,  Murillo, 
Madrid  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  10  ft. 
2  in.  x  8  ft.  3  in.  The  Virgin, 
seated  in  an  arm-chair  on  a  plat- 
form beneath  a  canopy,  attended 
by  four  angels,  delivers  a  chasuble 
to  the  kneeling  Saint,  behind  whom 
kneels  an  old  woman  in  white  cap 
and  red  mantle  ;  above,  cherubs 
and  heads  in  a  glory.  Last  man- 
ner. Collection  of  Philip  V.  Engraved  by 
F.  Selma ;  etched  by  C.  Alabern. — Curtis, 
242  ;  Madrazo,  470. 

By  llultcns,  Vienna  Museum  ;  wood,  three 
parts,  each  11  ft.  high  ;  centre  7  ft.  0  in. 
wide  ;  sides,  each  3  ft.  0  in.  Centre  panel : 
The  Virgin,  seated  on  a  golden  throne,  with 
two  female  saints  standing  on  each  side,  in- 
vests St.  Ildefonso,  Archbishop  of  Toledo. 
with  the  chasuble  of  his  Order  ;  above,  three 
angels,  with  wreaths  and  flowers,  hovering 


in  celestial  light.  Left  panel :  Archduke 
Albert,  then  Governor-General  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, on  his  knees  in  prayer,  in  presence 
of  his  patron,  St.  Albert.  Right  panel  :  His 
wife,  Archduchess  Clara  Isabella  Eugenia, 
on  her  knees  in  prayer,  in  presence  of  her 
patron,  St.  Clara.  Painted  for  the  Chapel 
of  the  Order  of  St.  Ildofonso,  in  the  Church 
of  St.  Jacques  do  Candenbergh,  near  Brus- 
sels.— Smith,  ii.  01  ;  Gal.  dc  Vienne,  iii.  PI. 
133. 


Miracles  of  St.  Ignatius,  Rubens,  Vienna  Museum. 

ILLE,  EDUARD,  born  in  Munich,  May 
17,  1S23.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Munich 
Academy  under  Schnorr  and  Schwind  ;  at 
tirst  painted  altarpieces,  then  took  up  paint- 
ing in  water-colours  and  drawing  on  a  large 
scale,  nnd  made  numerous  illustrations  for 
periodicals  and  poetical  works.  Professor 
since  18(18.  Works  :  Lohengrin  ;  Tann- 
hiiuser  ;  Parsifal ;  History  of  Hans  Sachs  ; 
Cycle  of  Twenty-two  from  Niebelungen  S:i- 
ga;  Scenes  from  Thirty  Years'  War  (1808); 


311 


ILLUSIONS 


Prince  Eugene ;    Watch   on   the   Rhine.— 
Miiller,  274. 

ILLUSIONS,  LOST  (Illusions  perdues), ' 
Charles  Gabriel  Glryre,  lately  in  Luxem- 
bourg, Paris  ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  0  in.  x  7  ft.  11 
in.  A  man,  seated  in  the  twilight  on  a  de- 
serted shore,  sees  pass  before  him  on  the 
river  a  boat  filled  with  young  men  and 
maidens  crowned  with  flowers — lost  illusions 
which  the  current  is  hurrying  into  the 
night.  Salon,  1843  ;  conceived,  according 
to  the  painter's  diary,  on  the  Nile,  opposite 
Abydos,  in  1835.  Eepliea  (2  ft.  10  in.  x  4  ( 
ft.  11  in.),  W.  T.  Walters,  Baltimore.— Sir 
Arthur  Helps,  Friends  in  Council  ;  Art 
Treas.  of  America,  i.  89. 

niEll,  EDOUARl),  born  in  Avignon, 
Dec.  25,  1820,  died  in  Haarlem,  June  13, 
1881.  Landscape  painter,  self-taught. 
Painted  truthful  landscapes,  usually  taken 
from  central  France  ;  travelled  in  the  East, 
especially  in  Egypt  and  Algeria.  Medals  : 
18G5 ;  2d  class,  1S73.  Works  :  Road  in 
Provence  (1850);  lUione  Plain  in  Provence, 
Landscape  near  Marseilles  (1853)  ;  Ponds 
of  Soumabre,  The  Hhone  (1855)  ;  Pond  of 
Soumabre  (1857),  Neuehatel  Museum  ;  Syc- 
amores on  the  Road  to  the  Pyramids, 
Island  of  Philie,  Woods  of  Doums,  Syca- 
mores at  Ghizeh,  Environs  of  Cairo  (1857) ; 
Hills  of  St.  Marguerite,  Mas  do  Barcme, 
The  Rhone  (1859)  ;  Pond  of  Soumabre,  The 
Pont  du  Gard,  Edge  of  the  Woods  of  Mon- 
tcspin  (1801)  ;  Island  of  Levins,  Gulf  of 
Juan,  Masdes  Aubes  (18(13)  ;  Svcamores  at 
Gliixeh,  View  in  1  Jerry  (1804)  ;  Pond  of 
Foul-dines  (1805)  ;  Ruins  of  Cm/an t,  (1805), 
Neuehatel  Museum  ;  Island  of  St.  Honor.it, 
The  Creuze  (1800)  ;  Valley  of  Venasque, 
Itamparts  of  Aigues-Mortes  (1807)  ;  Circus 
of  Frejus,  Road  of  Crozant  (1808) ;  Environs 
of  San  Raphael,  Bridge  of  San  Raphael 
(1809)  ;  Sluice  of  the  Pond  of  Sault,  View 
in  Berry  (1870)  ;  The  Creuze,  Quay  of  Zat- 
tere  in  Venice  (1872) ;  Oak-Tree  of  Voul- 
liers,  Sea  View  (1873)  ;  Pond  of  Hiot,  Piedi- 
monte,  Shore  of  St.  Jean  d'Orbeiter  (1874) ; 
The  Creuze,  Plain  of  Cayeux,  Marshes  of 


the  Bay  of  the  Somme  (1875)  ;  Oaks  of 
Dauphiny,  Bay  of  the  Somme  (1876);  Bridge 
of  Saint-Benezet,  Avignon  Museum  ;  Even- 
ing on  Lagunes  of  Venice,  Rocks  near  Cassis 
— Provence,  Neuehatel  Museum. — Bellier,  i. 
802  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xx.  505. 

IMMACULATE  CONCEPTION.  See  Con- 
ception, 

IMOLA,  GIOVANNI  DA.     See  Ferrelli. 

IMOLA,  INNOCENZO  DA,  born  at  Imola 
in  1494,  died  at  Bologna  about  1550.  Bo- 
lognese  school.  Real  name  Innocenzo  di 
Pietro  Francucci  ;  pupil  in  Bologna  of  Fran- 
cesco Francia,  and  in  Florence  of  Mariotto 
Albertinelli,  in  whose  style  he  painted 
(1517)  the  Madonna  with  Angels  and  Saints, 
Bologna  Gallery.  Later  he  became  an  imi- 
tator of  Raphael.  On  his  return  from  Flor- 
ence, executed  many  works  at  Imola  and 
Bologna.  Among  the  latter  the  most  im- 
portant are  frescos  of  the  Death  and  Assump- 
tion of  the  Virgin  (1519),  in  S.  Michele  in 
Bosco  ;  Madonna  in  Glory  with  Saints  and 
Angels,  Gallery ;  Annunciation,  Servi ;  Cru- 
cifix (1549),  S.  Salvatoro  ;  Madonna  with 
Saints,  S.  Matteo  ;  Madonna  with  Kneeling 
Donors,  Gallery ;  Marriage  of  St.  Catharine 
(1530),  S.  Giacomo  Maggiore.  There  is  an 
altarpiece  (1520)  by  Imola  in  the  Duomo, 
Faenza  ;  another  in  the  Berlin  Museum  ;  a 
third  in  the  Munich  Gallery  ;  and  a  Madonna 
in  the  Carlsruhe  Gallery. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil., 
v.  185  ;  Lermolieff,  05,  282  ;  Gualandi, 
Guida  di  Bologna  ;  Lanzi,  iii.  30  ;  Ch.  Blanc, 
Ecole  bolonaise  ;  Liibke,  Gesch.  der.  ital. 
Mai.,  ii.  377. 

IMPICCATI,  ANDREA  DEGLI.  See 
Gastagno. 

INCENDIO  DEL  BORGO,  fiaplia,'!, 
Stan/.a  dell'  Incendio,  Vatican  ;  fresco,  arched 
top.  The  district  of  St.  Peter  called  the 
Borgo  Vecchio  in  flames  (A.D.  847),  the  fire 
even  threatening  the  Church  of  St.  Peter, 
the  old  facade  of  which  is  seen  in  back- 
ground ;  all  efforts  to  stay  the  conflagration 
are  vain  until  Leo  FvT.  appears  in  the  Log- 
gia of  the  Vatican  (now  destroyed)  and 
makes  the  sign  of  the  cross,  when,  accord- 


312 


ing  to  the  church  tradition,  it  miraculously 
ceased.  A  typical  conflagration,  suggestive 
of  the  burning  of  Troy,  with  JKueas,  Anchi- 
ses,  Creusa,  and  Ascunius  in  the  group  at 
left.  Painted  in  1515  ;  almost  entirely  by 
Raphael.  Studies  in  Ufii/i,  Florence,  and 
Albertina  Collection,  Vienna.  Engraved  by 
P.  Thomassin  ;  P.  Andcrloni  ;  Volpafo.  — 
Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv.  IJ51I  ;  Passavant,  ii.  1">S  ; 
Miintz,  425  ;  Kugler  (East lake),  ii.  4;!0  ; 
Perkins,  175. 


Smugglers  ;  Broad  and  Tears  ;  The  Beggars  ; 
Soldier's  Grief ;  Conflagration  ;  Dispatch  ; 
The  Rosary  ;  Pawnbroker's  Shop  ;  Victor 
Emmanuel  laying  Corner  Stone  of  Milan 
Gallery  (187H).— L'lllustrazione  ital.  (1878), 
No.  45  ;  Larousse,  ix.  GG!) ;  Vapereau  (1880), 
!»74  ;  Wurzbaeh,  x.  204. 

INDUNO,  GIKOLAMO,  Cavaliere,  born 
in  Milan  in  1S27.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Milan  Academy  ;  first  exhibited  in  Paris  in 
1855,  pictures  of  military  life  and  humor- 


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INDUNO,  DOMENK'O,  born  in  Milan, 
March  15,  1815,  died  there,  Nov.  5,  1S7S. 
Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Milan  Academy 
under  Luigi  Sabatelli  and  of  Have/  ;  won 
the  great  prize  in  1837,  and  went  to  ]{ome. 
After  painting  classical  and  romantic  sub- 
jects, finally  devoted  himself  entirely  to  the 
representation  of  Milanese  popular  life. 
Implicated  in  the  revolution  in  1848,  he  fled 
to  Switzerland,  then  went  to  Tuscany,  and 
returned  to  Milan  in  1859.  Works  :  Alex- 
ander ;  Oath  at  Pontida  ;  Samuel  anoint- 
ing David  (1840),  Vienna  Museum  ;  The 


ous  scenes  of  the  Koeoco  period  which  have 
gained  him  a  prominent  place  among  mod- 
ern Italian  artists.  Works:  Garibaldi's  Sol- 
diers. Sutler  (1855);  Letter  from  (lamp; 
Tale  of  the  Garibaldian  ;  Salutes  between 
Gianduia  and  Meneghino,  Garibaldian  Sen- 
tinel. Farewell  of  the  Conscript  (1808)  ;  Mu- 
seo  Civico,  Turin  ;  Battle  of  Magenta;  Gal- 
lant Friend  of  the  Family;  Lady  Artists 
Overheard;  Expectation  ;  Return  of  Gari- 
baldian  ;  Bridal  Pairs  ;  Eleonore  d'Este 
grieving  about  Tasso  (187(1);  Bivouac  near 
Capua ;  First  Snow  ;  Battle  of  Palest  ro  ; 


si  3 


INFIDELITY 


Battle  of  Cernaia  :  Entry  of  King;  of  Italy 
into  Venice  :  Dancing  Lesson  in  Last  Cen- 
tury ;  Domestic  Scene  :  Amateur  of  An- 
tiquities (1873):  Savoyard  Woman  (1878): 
Emi grants.  Italy  in  1806  (1878)  :  Visit  of 
Garibaldi  to  Victor  Emamiel  at  Rome  in 
1875,  Dear  Remembrance.  II  marito  gentil 
qtieto  sorride  (Parini).  Souvenir  of  Rome. 
Brera.  Milan  ;  Sentinel,  Foudazione  Poldi- 
Pcz/oli,  ib. — L'lllustrazione  ital.  (1870);  Gaz. 
des  P>.  Arts  (1807).  xxiii.  224  :  Wurzbacli,  x. 
2(i.">  ;  Zeitsrhr.  f.  li.  K.,  iii.  12."  :  x.  288. 

INFIDELITY.  Paolo  rmwirw,  Cobhaiu 
Hall.  Englaml  :  canvas.  5  ft.  10  in.  sq.  A 
woman,  mule,  seated  between  two  men,  to 
one  of  whom  she  gives  her  hand  while  put- 
ting a  letter  into  the  hand  of  the  other  :  be- 
low, two  oupids.  From  collection  of  Queen 
Christina  of  Sweden  to  Orleans  Gallery  : 
valued  at  sale  in  1793  at  £150.  sold  for  4r, 
1,'uiiieas.  Engraved  by  S.  Valli'-e. — "\\aagen. 
Treasures,  ii.  499  ;  iii.  20  :  Cab.  Crozat,  ii. 
PI.  2S  ;  Ch.  Blanc.  Ecole  veuitienne. 

FXGANNI.  ANGELO.  born  at  Brescia  in 
l*i i7.  Architecture  painter,  member  of  Mi- 
lan Academy  ;  lives  at  Brescia,  and  enjoys 
reputation  in  North  Italy.  Works :  View 
of  Cathedral  and  Square  at  Milan  (1N39). 
Vienna  Museum  ;  Harbor  of  C'omo  (1840)  ; 
Piazza  Fontana.  Piazza  Borromeo  (1847)  ; 
Arco  della  C'osta  in  Yerona  (1851);  Farade 
of  Milan  Cathedral  (1852i:  Municipal  Pal- 
ace at  Brescia  (18571:  Blessing  the  Weather 
(1S.-)S|._ Wurzbach.  x.  200. 

IN(  1EGNO.  L .  born  in  Assisi.  Nourished 
end  of  loth  and  early  part  of  10th  century. 
I'mbrian  school.  Real  name  Andrea  Luigi. 
Alovigi.  or  Lovigi.  but  called  LTngegno  (the 
Cunning),  on  account  of  his  pictorial  ability 
and  his  versatility.  Yasari's  account  of  him 
is  full  of  errors.  He  was  more  probably  the 
pupil  of  Niccolo  Alunno.  who  opened  a  school 
at  Foligno  in  1400.  than  of  Perugino.  whose 
school  at  Perugia  did  not  begin  until  about 
1400,  and  is  first  heard  of  in  1484.  painting 
coats-of-arrns  in  the  Council  Hall  and  on  the 
city  gates  of  Perugia.  He  was  proctor  in 
1505.  justice  in  1507,  assistant  in  1510,  and 


Papal  cashier  in  1511,  under  Pope  Julius  EL 
His  name  is  attached  to  several  pictures  in 
European  galleries,  evidently  painted  by  a 
master  who  was  at  the  school  of  Fiorenzo  di 
Lorenzo,  and  a  companion  of  Pinturicchio. 
— C.  A-  C.,  Italy,  iii.  161 ;  Yasari,  ed.  Mil., 
iii.  505,  017  ;  Burckhardt,  566  ;  Kumohr, 
Italienische  Forschungen,  ii.  324  ;  iii.  29  ; 
Kunstblatt  (1821),  No.  73  ;  (1837),  94. 

INGENMEY,  FRANZ  MARIA,  born  at 
Bonn  in  1830,  died  in  Diisseldorf,  June  3, 
1878.  Genre  painter,  pupil  in  Munich  of 
C'orreus,  then  studied  in  Diisseldorf.  Works : 
Blind  Fiddler  and  his  Child  ;  After  the  Storm  ; 
Bad  Tobacco  ;  Barred  Way  Home  ;  Poach- 
in"  :  Studv  in  the  Woods  ;  Dream-King  and 

• 

his  Love  :  Surprise.  Cinderella  ;  Uninvited 
Guests. — Kunst-Chronik,  xiii.  508. 

ING  HAM,  CHARLES  CROMWELL, 
bora  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  1700,  died  in 
New  York  in  1803.  Figure  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Dublin  Academy  ;  went  to 
the  United  States  in  1817,  and  soon  acquired 
reputation  by  his  portraits  of  the  reigning 
beauties  of  New  York,  where  he  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Design,  and  for  years  its  vice-president. 
Works  :  Death  of  Cleopatra  ;  Flower  Girl ; 
Day  Dream  ;  The  Black  Plume,  Portrait  of 
Lafayette  (1825).  do.  of  Gulian  C.  Verplauck 
lls30).  Historical  Society,  New  York. 

INGHIRAMI.  TOMMASO  (Phwdra),  por- 
trait, ],'ajiliael,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence  ;  wood, 
H.  2  ft.  11  in.  •:  2  ft.  Half-length,  without 
beard,  in  a  cap  and  red  dress,  sitting,  pen 
in  hand,  behind  a  table,  on  which  are  an 
inkstand,  a  book,  and  a  casket.  He  was 
Secretary  to  the  Conclave  ;  called  Phnedra, 
because,  having  once  taken  part  in  the  per- 
formance of  Seneca's  Hippolytus,  he  impro- 
vised some  Latin  verses  about  Phaedra  to 
avert  a  panic  when  the  theatrical  machinery 
gave  way.  Painted  in  Rome  about  1513  ; 
carried  to  Paris  in  1799  ;  returned  in  1815. 
Replica  in  Casa  Inghirami,  Yolterra.  En- 
graved by  Theo.  della  Croce  ;  T.  Vercruys  ; 
Ferrerii ;  Bardi.— Gal.  du  Pal.  Pitti,  i.  PI. 
93  ;  Miintz,  276  ;  Passavaut,  ii.  137  ;  Spring- 


314 


IXCKKS 


the 


er,  252  ;  Gruyer,  Raphael  Pcintrc  do  Por- 
traits. 

INGRES,  JEAN  AUGUSTE  DOMI- 
NIQUE, bora  at 
Montauban  (Tam-tt- 
Garonne),  Aug.  2!), 
1780,  died  in  Paris, 
Jan.  14,  1807.  His- 
tory and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of 
Roques  in  Toulouse, 
and  of  David  in 
Paris  (1  71MJ) ;  won 
the  second  grand  prix  in  1800,  and 
grand  prix  do  Rome  in  1801,  but  being  un- 
able to  go  to  Italy  on  account  of  the  war  he 
spent  the  next  five  years  in  Paris  studying 
the  pictures  in  the  Louvre,  supporting  him- 
self meanwhile  by  making  designs  and  book 
illustrations.  After  living  from  1801!  to 
1820  in  Rome,  where  he  studied  the  works 
of  Raphael  with  devotion,  and  from  1820  to 
1824  in  Florence,  ho  returned  to  Paris  to 
take  rank  as  (me  of  the  greatest  artists  of 
his  time,  and  to  produce  an  immense  num- 
ber of  works,  many  of  which  are  of  great 
excellence.  As  a  colourist  he  is  cold  and 
unsympathetic,  but  us  a  draughtsman  he  is 
perhaps  the  first  of  French  artists.  Some 
of  his  portraits,  as,  for  instance,  that  of  M. 
Bertin,  arc  masterpieces  in  character  and  in 
drawing.  Ho  had  many  distinguished  pu- 
pils, such  as  Hippolyte  Flandrin,  and  was 
familiarly  known  in  Paris  as  "  Le  pere  In- 
gres.'' Member  of  Institute,  1826  ;  director 
of  the  French  Academy  in  Rome,  18:54—11  ; 
L.  of  Honour,  1824  ;  Officer,  lS2(i  ;  Com- 
mander, 1845  ;  Grand  Officer ;  Medal  of 
Honour,  1855  ;  Senator,  18(!2.  Works  : 
Antiochus  sending  back  Scipio's  Son  (1800); 
Arrival  of  Agamemnon's  Ambassadors  in 
Tent  of  Achilles  (1801),  Ecolc  des  JJeaux 
Arts  ;  Philemon  and  Baucis  (1802),  Puy  Mu- 
seum ;  portraits  of  his  father,  of  himself,  of 
the  sculptor  Bartolini,  of  Bonaparte  as  First 
Consul  (1804),  Liege  Museum  ;  Napoleon  at 
the  Bridge  of  Kehl,  Venus  wounded  by  Di- 
Oined  (1804,  both  lost);  Woman  Bathing, 


Copy  of  Raphael's  Farnesine  Mercury,  Mar- 
seilles Museum  ;  Copy  of  Raphael's  Adam 
and  Eve,  (Kltjmx  and  the  Sphinx,  Napoleon 
on  his  Throne  (1800),  Invalides  ;  Portraits 
of  M.  Philibert  Riviere,  do.  of  Mine.  Riviere 
( 180(J),  Louvre  ;  Portrait  of  Mine,  de  Vaucay, 
Portrait  of  Granet  Member  of  Institute 
(1807),  Woman  Bathing  (1808),  Pius  VII. 
holding  Chapel,  Jupiter  and  Thetis  (1811), 
Aix  Museum  ;  Portrait  of  M.  Bochet  (1811), 
Louvre;  Portrait  of  a  Lady  (1812),  Nantes 
Museum  ;  Odalisque,  Romulus  Conqueror 
of  Acron,  Palace  of  St.  John  Lateral!  ;  lliijili- 
'!>•/  and  the  Fornarina  (18115);  Don  Pedro 
of  Toledo  kissing  the  Sword  of  Henry  IV., 
Cardinal  Bibiena  betrothing  his  Niece  to 
Raphael,  Odalisque,  Portrait  of  Ingres'  first 
Wife  (1814);  Virgil  reading  the  .Kneid 
(1815);  /•Y«/j<'ov«  da  Rimini  (181S);  Roger 
rescuing  Aiigi'Ucn  (18111),  Louvre;  Death 
of  Leonardo  da  Vinci  in  the  Anus  of  Fran- 
cis L,  Hi  nn  IV.  and  the  Spanish  Ambassa- 
dor, Philip  V.  of  Spain  and  Marshal  Ber- 
wick, Odalisque,  Portrait  of  M.  de  Pressigny, 
Bishop  of  St.  Malo,  Duke  of  Aha  and  Pius 
V.  (unfinished);  Christ  giving  Keys  to  Peter 
(1820),  Louvre;  Mercenary  Soldiers  (1821); 
Charles  V.  ree'ntering  Paris  (1822);  Vow  of 
Louis  XIII.  (182:5).  Cathedral  of  Montau- 
ban ;  Portraits  of  Charles  X.,  of  Marquis  de 
Pastorct,  of  Cardinal  de  Latil,  of  M.  Martin 
(1825);  Apotheosis  of  Jlmin'r,  Apollo  crown- 
ing the  Iliad  and  the  Odyssey  (1827),  Lou- 
vre; Martyrdom  of  St.  Symphorien  (18:51), 
Cathedral  of  Autun  ;  Virgin  with  the  Host 
(18:5(i),  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg;  Oda- 
lisque and  her  Slave,  Slriilniili;:  ( 18:51),  vari- 
ation in  1851));  Portrait  of  Cherubim  (1842), 
Louvre  ;  Christ  among  the  Doctors  (1844, 
unfinished,  bequeathed  to  city  of  Montau- 
ban); Aretino  receiving  a  Gold  Chain  from 
Charles  V.,  Tintoretto  and  Aretino,  Venus 
Anadyomene,  Golden  Age  (1848,  unfinished), 
Due  de  Luynes  ;  Portrait  of  Mine,  de  Roth- 
schild (1848);  Jupiter  and  Antiope,  Lesueur 
among  the  Monks  of  Chartreuse,  Molicre  in 
the  Morning,  Racine  in  Court  Dress,  La 
Fontaine  out  Walking  (4  sketches,  1851) ; 


315 


IXKERMAN 


Portrait  of  the  Princess  de  Broglie,  Apothe- 
osis of  Napoleon  I.  (1853);  The  Virgin  (1854, 
variation  of  Virgin  with  Host),  Ministry  of 
State  ;  JIMH  of  Arc  holding  the  Oriflamme 
(1854),  Louvre  ;  Virgin  of  Consolation  (1850); 
La  Sonnr  (185(!),  Louvre  ;  Saint  Germaine 
de  Pibrae  (1857),  Church  of  Sapiac  ;  Virgin 
of  the  Adoption  (1857);  Molierc  dining  with 
Louis  XIV.  (copy  at  Comedie-Francaise), 
Birth  of  tlic  Muses  (water-colour),  The 
Spring  (1858);  portraits  of  his  second  wife 
and  of  himself  (185!)),  L'Hizi,  Florence  ;  In- 
terior of  a  Harem  (1804);  Portrait  of  Mile. 
Flandrin  (18(5(5);  Sketch  of  Stratouice  (1807). 


IHCdCS 


—  Merson,     Ingres,    sa    vie    et    son    u'livre 
(Paris,  18(i7);  I'1,  de  la  Gencvais  (do  Mercey), 
Peiutres    et     sculpteurs    modernes    (Paris, 
1840)  ;    Ch.   Blanc,   Ingres  et   son  (uuvre  ; 
Delaborde,    Ingres,    sa   vie   et   ses    travaux 
(Paris,  1870);  Chesncau,  I'einture  franraise 
au  XIX.  siecle  (Paris,  1883);  IVrrier,  Kt  tides, 
15  ;  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (1801),  ix.  341!  ;  (1801), 
x.  257  ;  xi.  38  ;  (1807),  xxii.  105,  415  ;  xxiii. 
54,  103,  44:4  ;  (1808),  xxiv.  5,  :i40  ;  xxv.  80, 
228;  (1870),   iii.    11:2;    iv.   41)5;   Mirccourt, 
Ingres  (Paris,  1858);  Silvestre,  L'Apotht'ose 
de  M.  Ingres  (Paris,  18(52);  Rev,  Biographic 
d'Ingres   (Paris,    1807)  ;    Montrond,    Ingres 
(Paris,  1809);  Hamerton,  French  Painters; 
Macmillan's  Mag.,   xxiv.  52  ;  Contemporary 
Review,  v.  458  ;  Once  a  Week,  xvi.  221  ;  Art 
Journal  (18(57),  105,  151;  L'Artiste  (1SG7), 
i.  102  ;  Xeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  ii.  170. 

INKERMAN,    RETURN    FROM,    Mrs. 
Elizabeth  liutlcr,  London  ;   canvas.     Scene 

—  Soldiers  returning  over  the  crest  of  the 
hill  after  the  battle  of  Inkerman.     A  strag- 
gling column  of  weary,  wounded,  and  dying 
men,  painfully  marching  along  a  rough  hill- 
side ;  to  the  right,  slightly  in  advance,  rides 
a  young  staff  officer  with  a  wounded  bugler 
clinging  to  his  stirrup  to  help  himself  along. 


Engraved  by  W.  T.  Da vey.— Portfolio  (1877), 
100. 

INMAN,  HENRY,  born  in  Utica,  N.  Y., 
Oct.  20,  1801, 
died  in  New 
York,  Jan.  1  7, 
1846.  Portrait, 
landscape,  and 
genre  painter,  pu- 
pil of  John  W. 
Jarvis,  in  New 
York.  In  1844 
visited  England, 
where  he  painted 
the  portraits  of  Wordsworth,  Dr.  John  Chal- 
mers, Lord  Chancellor  Cottenham,  Macaulay, 
and  other  noted  men  ;  among  his  American 
portraits  are  Bishop  White,  Chief  Justice 
Marshall,  Jacob  Barker,  and  the  two  sons  of 
Bishop  Doane.  Works:  Rydal  Falls — Eng- 
land ;  Newsboy ;  Rip  Van  Winkle  ;  Boy- 
hood of  Washington  ;  Ruins  of  Brambletye 
House  (1870),  Win.  E.  Dodge,  New  York  ; 
Student,  L.  L.  Stuart,  ib.;  October  After- 
noon ;  Portraits  of  Henry  Rutgers  and 
Fitz  Greene  Halleck  (1828),  Historical  So- 
ciety, New  York.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
Inman  was  engaged  on  a  series  of  histori- 
cal pictures  for  the  Capitol  at  Washington. 
His  son,  J.  O'Brien  Inman,  genre  painter, 
has  lived  in  Rome  since  1800  ;  is  an  Asso- 
ciate of  the  National  Academy,  but  rarely 
exhibits. 

INN,  THE  (L'Estaminet),  Jan  Sleen, 
Hague  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft.  3  in.  x  2 
ft.  8  in.  Twenty  or  more  persons  gathered 
in  the  tap-room  of  an  inn,  eating  oysters, 
drinking,  smoking,  and  playing  trick-track. 
The  upper  part  is  covered  with  a  large  vio- 
let curtain,  partly  drawn  up,  beneath  which 
is  seen  a  balcony,  and  under  that  an  ele- 
vated stage,  on  which  a  boy  is  lying  down, 
blowing  soap-bubbles.  Sometimes  errone- 
ously called  Picture  of  Human  Life.  Bout 
sale,  Hague  (1733),  515  florins ;  Benjamin 
d'Acosta  sale,  Hague  (1764),  1,745  florins, 
to  William  TV.  Engraved  by  Oortman  in 
Musee  franeais. — Reveil,  x.  688. 


316 


IX  NESS 


INNESS,  GEORGE,  born  at  Newburgh,  seated  in  n  crimson  chair,  on  tlie  arms  of 
N.  Y.,  May  1,  1825.  Landscape  painter,  which  his  arms  rest ;  dress,  a  white  linen 
pupil  for  one  month  robe,  white  sleeves  trimmed  with  lace,  white 
of  Regis  Gignoux  ;  linen  collar,  red  velvet  cap  and  cape  ;  back- 
has  visited  Europe  ground,  a  red  curtain.  Painted  in  Rome  in 
three  times  for  1(!4'J.  Sir. Joshua  Reynolds  pronounced  this 
study,  the  last  time  the  finest  picture  in  Home.  Repetition  : 
in  1871-71!.  Elected  Marquis  of  l.ute,  London.  Etched  by  A. 
an  A.N.A.  in  185;!  Lalau/.e  after  copv  by  Ternante  in  Versailles 
and  N.A.  in  1S(!S.  Museum.— Palomino,  iii.  :!:!7  ;  Curtis,  7(5. 
'  '*^  '*%""  Studio  in  New  York.  I  IXNOCEN/O  DA  IMOLA.  See  /;»., la. 

"Works:  American  INTEMPERANCE,  Thomas  Slotlitinl, 
Sunset  (18(>7);  Joy  after  the  Storm  (18(>9);  staircase  of  Hurghley  House,  seat,  of  the  Mar- 
Twilight  (187(1);  View  near  Rome  (1S71);  quis  of  Exeter,  Northamptonshire,  England. 
Scene  near  Perugia  (1874) ;  Pontine  Marsh-  Murk  Antony  and  Cleopatra,  with  various  al- 
es, H.  P.  Kidder,  Boston  ;  Mountain  Stream,  legorical  figures.  The  original  sketch  (can- 
thc  Homestead  (1877);  St.  Peter's —Rome,  vas,  II.  1  ft.  S  in.  .••  •>,  ft.),  which  was  en- 
View  near  Medlield-  Mass.,  The  Afterglow,  graved  by  T.  Chevalier,  is  in  the'  National 
Morning  Sun,  Landscape  (1878)  ;  Spring  Gallery,  London.  Stothard  was  occujiied 
(1881),  Old  Roadway,  Long  Island  Histori-  four  years  in  the  decoration  of  this  staircase 
cal  Society  ;  Niagara  Falls 
(188I5)  ;  Day  in  June,  Sun- 
set (1885)  ;  Gray  Lowery 
Day  —  Pompton,  N.  •]., 
Winter  M orning-— Envi- 
rons of  Montelair,  Sun- 
burst —  Greene  County, 
Sunset —Montelair,  N.  J., 
Twilight  Medlield,  Mass. 
(1884),  T.  B.  Clarke,  New 
York. 

INNESS,  GEORGE, 
JR.,  born  in  New  "\ork, 
July  5,  1854.  Animal  paint- 
er, pupil  of  his  father, 
George  Inncss,  and  for  a 
few  months  of  Bonnat  in 
Paris.  Sketched  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  Europe.  Studi 
clair,  N.  J. 


(1877);    The    Brook,    Pride    of   the    Dairy 


in   Mont-   (1780-8:!),  and  received  for  it  £1,293.— Mrs. 
Works:    Tho  Ford,   Patience    Bray,  Life  of  T.  S.  (London,  1851). 

li'HIGENIA,    picture.      See     Timimlh.'x, 
(1878);  Coming  Storm ;  Surf  Horse  ;  Past-    Timomachus. 

lire  at  Watclmng  (1879),  Roswell  Smith;  TPHIGENIA  AND  CYMON.  See  Cymnn. 
Coming  Storm  (1880);  Huntsman  (1882);  IPHION,  painter  of  Corinth,  date  uncer- 
Mother  of  the  Herd  (1883).— Sheldon,  20:$.  tain.  Mentioned  by  Simonides  (ccxxi., 
INNOCENT  X.,  POPE,  portrait,  (W»s-  Schneidew),  but  whether  the  elder  (died 
rjuez,  Palazzo  Doria,  Rome  ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft. '  about  4(i8  n.c.)  or  the  younger  (died  about 
7  in.  X  3  ft.  11  iii.  Three-quarters  length,  J  431  u.c.)  poet  of  that  name  is  unknown. 

31T 


IRENE 


IKENE  (Eirrne),  painter,  (laughter  and 
pupil  of  Cratinus.  Among  her  works  were 
a  Calvpso,  an  Aged  Man,  and  Alcistheues 
the  Dancer.— Pliny,  xxxv.  40  [147]  ;  Clem. 
Alex.,  and  Strom.,  iv.  124,  020,  Pott. 

11UA11TE,  IGNACIO,  born  at  Azcoitia, 
(luipuzcoa,  in  1020,  died  in  Seville  in  1(185. 
Spanish  school  ;  landscape  painter,  pupil  of 
Herrera  el  Yiejo  ;  frequently  worked  in  eon- 
junction  with  Murillo,  who  painted  the  lig- 
ures  while  Iriarte  executed  the  backgrounds. 
Was  an  original  member  and  first  secretary 
of  the  Academy  of  Seville.  AVorks  :  Land- 
scapes (4),  Madrid  Museum  ;  Landscape, 
Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg. — Stirling,  ii.  !K51; 
Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  espagnole  ;  Madrazo  ;  Cur- 
tis, 344  ;  Washburn,  1(54. 

IKMER,  KARL,  born  atBabitz,  Branden- 
burg, Aug.  28,  181:54.  Landscape  painter, 
pupil  in  Dessau  of  August  .Becker,  then  of 
Diisseldorf  Academy  under  Crude  ;  after  trav- 
elling through  Germany,  and  visiting  Vienna, 
Paris,  and  Brussels,  he  settled  in  Diisseldorf. 
Court-painter  to  the  Duke  of  Anhalt.  Medal 
in  Vienna  (187:5).  AVorks :  Moonrise  ;  Land- 
scape with  Cows  ;  Dicksee  in  Holstein 
(187(1),  National  Gallery,  Berlin;  View  in 
Riigen  (187(5). —Miiller, '275. 

IRMINGEK,  VALDEMAH,  born  in  Co-| 
penhagen,  Dec.  2'J,  1850.     Animal  and  mili- ! 
tary   genre   painter,   pupil    of   Copenhagen 
Academy,  when;  he  won   a   prize  in   LsT'.)  ; 
visited  Paris  in  1880,  and  Germany,  Switzer- 
land  and   Italy   in  .  1882.     Works  :    Geese 
Driven  Home  (1874);  Brown  Mare  with  Foal, 
Proclamation  in  AYar  Time  (1879);  Dragoons  [ 
returning    from     Reconnoitring,     Dragoon 
making  Inquiry  of   Old  Woman,    Dragoon 
Trumpeter  (1880);  Foot-Guards  Besting  in 
the  AVoods  (1881);  Battery  Changing  Posi- 
tion (1882);  Infantry  at  Manu'uvrc,  Puppies, 
AVouuded  Lioness  (1883). — Sigurd  Miillcr, 
1(14. 

HIVING,  J.  BEAUFAIN.borniu  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.,  in  1820,  died  in  1877.  Genre 
painter  ;  in  1851  studied  with  Leutzc  in 
Diisseldorf,  and  after  painting  there  several 
years,  lived  in  Charleston  until  he  finally  set- 


tled in  New  York  about  18G5.  Elected  an 
A.N.A.  in  1809  and  N.A.  in  1872.  Works : 
Disclosure,  L.  AV.  Jerome,  New  York  ;  The 
Splinter  (1807);  Wine-Tasters  (1809),  August 
Belmont,  New  York  ;  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Au- 
gust Belmout  (1871)  ;  End  of  the  game 
(1872),  J.  H.  Sherwood;  Book-AVonn,  Mus- 
keteer of  the  Seventeenth  Century  (1874); 
Connoisseurs  ;  Cardinal  AVolsey  and  his 
Friends  (1875)  ;  Oft'  the  Track  (1870) ;  Af- 
ter the  Siege,  Banquet  at  Hampton  Court 
in  the  Sixteenth  Century  (1877),  J.  J.  As- 
tor,  New  York;  Waiting  an  Audience,  11  L. 
Stuart  Collection,  ib. 

ISAAC,  HISTORY  OF,  Eaphacl.  See 
Haphael's  Bible. 

ISAAC  BLESSING  JACOB  (Gen.  xxvii.), 
M iii-ill<  i,  Duke  of  Wellington,  London  ;  can- 
vas, H.  ii  ft.  0  in.  x  5  ft.  Isaac,  seated  in 
bed  under  a  canopy,  blesses  Jacob,  who 
kneels  ;  on  left,  Rebekah  ;  near  centre,  a  girl 
carrying  a  basket  of  linen  with  pigeons 
around  her  ;  background,  a  valley  and  ruined 
castle. —Curtis,  118. 

By  Murillu,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg ; 
canvas,  H.  8  f t.  x  11  ft.  9  in.  Isaac,  seated 
in  bed  before  an  archway  nearly  filled  by  a 
red  curtain,  blesses  Jacob,  who  kneels  and 
is  presented  by  Rebekah  as  Esau  ;  beside 
the  bed,  a  table  with  bread,  game,  and  a 
bowl  ;  opposite,  a  landscape  and  well ;  a 
servant-maid  enters  with  a  water-jar ;  in 
background,  Esau  is  seen  with  a  dog  re- 
turning from  the  chase.  Companion  to  Ja- 
cub's  Dream,  in  Hermitage ;  the  two  belonged 
to  Marques  de  Santiago,  Madrid  ;  purchased 
in  Paris  in  1811  for  Hermitage. — Curtis,  118. 

ISAAC  AND  KEBEKAH,  MARRIAGE 
OF  (Gen.  xxiv.),  Claude  Lorraiu,  Palazzo 
Doria,  Koine  ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  1  in.  x  0  ft. 
0  in.  In  centre,  a  river  with  its  waters  ar- 
rested by  the  dam  of  a  mill  situated  at  left, 
whence  the  picture  is  commonly  called  II 
Molino  (Le  Moulin,  The  Mill).  In  fore- 
ground, the  marriage  festival  of  Isaac  and 
Rebekah.  Liber  Veritatis,  No.  113.  En- 
I  graved  by  Gmelin  (1804),  Vivares  (1700). 
(  Sketch,  dated  1047,  Seymour  Haden,  Lon- 


318 


ISAAC 

don.  Replica  of  picture  in  National  Gallery,  etitions,  with  variations:  Hampton  Court; 
London  ;  sent  to  England  by  C.  S.  Evard  Francis  Clare  Ford,  London. — Curtis,  '.12  ; 
and  sold  to  Angerstein,  with  Embarkation  Athen.eum  (1802),  023. 
of  Queen  of  Sltclni,  for  200,000  francs  ;  pur-  By  IV/u.-vyncr,  Madrid  Museum;  canvas, 
chased  for  National  Gallery  in  1S24.  En-  H.  '.)  ft.  10  in.  xlO  ft.  :5  in.  About  twenty- 
graving  in  Gallery  Angerstein,  in  Cabinet  live  years  old,  on  a  white  horse,  which  walks 
Gallery,  in  Mason's  National  Gallery,  and  by  left;  brown  dress;  landscape  background. 
Goodall  (18:54). —  Pattison,  Claude  Lorrain,  Probably  painted  in  1014  ;  companion  to 
51,  227  ;  Cat.  Nat.  Gal.;  Waagen,  Treasures,  Philip  IV.  of  same  si/e  in  Madrid  Museum, 
i.  341.  .Etched  by  F.  Goya.— Palomino,  iii.  3:52; 

ISAAC,  SACRIFICE  OF,  Tintm-clto,  Sen-  Curtis,  !)l';  Madra/o,  00!>. 
ola  di  S.  Koeco,  Venice  ;  oval,  on  ceiling  of        ISABEL,  SANTA,  Mnrillo.     See  l-'lizali-th 

upper  room.      "Ono  of  tlie  least  worthy  of  of  Hungary. 

the  master  in   the  room,  the  three  figures       ISABELLA,    Sir    John    Everett    Millni.-; 

being  thrown  into  violent  attitudes,  as  incx-  I  loyal   Institution,   Liverpool  ;  canvas,   H.   I! 

pressive  as  they  are  strained  and  artificial."  ft.:!  in.  •  4  ft.  7.',   in.     Scene  from   Keats's 

Ruskin,  Stones  of  Venice,  iii.  3411;  Ridolti.  ])oem — "Isabella,  or    tlie    Pot    of    Basil  "- 

Marav. ,  ii.  IDS.  foiinde<l    on    Boccaccio's   storv  ;  descriptive 

ISAAC,     SACRIFICE     OF.        See.     also,  ,,f  tlie  feelings  of  the   two  brothers  on   dis- 

Abriihnm.  covering   the   mutual    love  of    Isabella  and 

ISAACS/    (I/aaksz,    Ysaacx),     PIETER,  Loren/o.       This,    UK;    tirst     Pre-Raphaelite 

born  at  Helsingor,  Denmark,  in    l.">01),  died  picture  bv  Millais.  represents  two  rows  of 

at   Amsterdam   probably    in    10:51.       Dutch  persons  seated  at    fable,  nearly  all  seen   in 

school;  history  and  portrait   painter,  pupil  profile,  and  most,  of  them  portraits  of  friends, 

at  Amsterdam  of  Cornells  Ketel,  afterwards  At  right,  Lorcn/o  (William  Ilossctti)  holds  a 

of  Johann   von    Achen  ;   after  travelling  in  plate,  on  which  he  offers  half  of  a  cut  blood- 

Germanv  and   Italv  settled   at   Amsterdam,  orange  to  Isabella  (Mrs.  Honry  Hodgkinson), 

and  temporarily   (1018-23)  worked   at   Co-  who  is  caressing  a  hound.     At  left,  one  of 

penhagen  as  court-painter  to  Christian  IV.  the  brothers  (Mr.  John  Harris),  enraged  at 

Works:    Portrait,    of    Christian    IV.,    Berlin  hcrreccption  of  Loren/.o's  courtesy,  viciously 

Museum  ;  Allegory  on  Vanity  (1000),  Basle  kicks  the  hound,  while  the  other  (Dante  da 

Museum  ;   Princely    Banquet,    Copenhagen  brielRossetti),  looking  over  his  glass,  watches 

Gallery. — Arcliief    v.    nederl.    K.,    ii.    135  ;  tlie  lovers   witli   cruel   eyes.     A  guest    (tlie 

Krainm,  iii.  780.  artist's  father)  wipes  his  lips  with  a  napkin  ; 

ISABEL  OF  BOURBON,  QUEEN,  tirst  another    (Mr.    W.    Hugh    Fenn)    pares   an 

wife  of   Philip  IV.,    V>-lnsqn<'z,  Mrs.  Henry  apple  ;  a  serving-man   (Mr.  Wright),  with  a 

Huth,  Wykehurst,  Surrey,  England;  canvas,  j  white  napkin  over  his  arm,  stands  behind 

H.  6 ft.  7 in.  x  3  ft  8  in.    Full-length,  stand-  Isabella  and  Lorenzo.     Painted  in  isis  <.i ; 

ing,  wearing  a  black  head-dress  with  white  Royal  Academy,    1K4!)  ;    bought  by    15.    (!. 

feather,  white  ruff,  close-tit t ing under-slecves,  Windus.  of  Tottenham  ;  at   his  sale  (1808), 

and  black  hooped  dress,  with  a  border  of  i!072  10s.,  to   Thomas  Woollier,   R.A. ;  his 

leaves  of  gold  around  the  bottom  and  up  sale   (1875),    C8!)2    10s.,  to   Constantino  A. 

the  front,  and  on  the  bodice  and  long  open  I  Ion  ides,  London  ;  sold  at  Christie's  (1883) 

sleeves;  in  left  hand,  a  fan  ;  right  hand  on  '  for   £1,102  10s.     Engraved  in  Art  Journal 


back  of  a  chair  ;  background,  pink  drapery. 
Louis  Philippe  sale  (185:5),  C300,  to  Mr. 
Farrar,  who  sold  it  in  1803  to  Mr.  Huth. 
Companion  to  Mrs.  Huth's  Philip  IV.  Rep- 


(1882)  by  H.  Bourne.—  Eraser's  Mag.  (1849), 
xl.  77  ;  Art  Journal  (1882).  188. 

ISABELLA,  EMPRESS  (wife  of  Charles 
V.),    portrait  of,    Titian,  Madrid   Museum  : 


319 


ISABELLA 


canvas,  H.  3  ft.  10  in.  x  3  ft.  3  in.     The  Em-   eyes  have  the  light  of  madness  in  them,  and 


press,  seated  in  a  chair  near  a  window, 
«   i^/-»l-   in    Jim-   Ipff    limnl.      Paint 


hold- 
ing a  book  in  her  left  hand.  Painted  in 
1544,  after  her  death,  from  a  picture  by  a 
supposed  Flemish  artist.  Among  the  pict- 
ures taken  by  Charles  V.  to  Yustc.  En- 
graved, with  alterations,  by  D.  do  Jode. — C. 
&  C.,  Titian,  ii.  103. 

ISABELLA  1VESTE,  COURT  OF,  Lo- 
renzo ( Wa,  Louvre ;  canvas,  H.  5  ft.  2  in.  X 
0  ft.  4  in.  ;  signed.  Isabella,  Marchioness 
of  Mantua,  crowned  by  Love,  who  stands  on 
the  knees  of  a  woman  seated  in  a  garden  on 
the  banks  of  a  river ;  around  her,  musicians 


her  luxuriant  dark-brown  hair  is  flung  lov- 
ingly over  the  relic,  which  is  placed  on  her 
prie-dieu,  on  a  silken  altar-cloth.  Exhibit- 
ed in  18C8  ;  sold  to  Mr.  Gambart ;  origi- 
nal sketch  sold  at  Christie's,  1871,  for  525 
guineas.  Replica,  J.  W.  Garrett,  Baltimore. 
Engraved  by  A.  Blanchard. — Art  Journal 
(18(i8),  97  ;  At.hcn.Tum,  Sept.,  1873,  374. 

ISABEY,  EUGKNE  (LOUIS  GABRIEL), 
born  in  Paris,  July  22,  1804,  died  in  Paris, 
April  2C>,  1880.  Landscape  and  marine 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Jean  Baptiste 


Isabey. 


Court  of  Isabella  d'Este,  Lorenzo  Costa,  Louvre. 

make  music  and  poets  compose  verses  ;  in    Victoria  at  Troport  (184(5)  ; 


In  1830  he  accompanied  the  expe- 
dition to  Algiers  as  royal 
marine  painter.  Medals : 
1st  class,  1824, 1827, 1855  ; 
L.  of  Honour,  1832; 
Officer,  1852.  Works: 
Hurricane  at  Dieppe,  Har- 
bour of  Houfleur  (1827)  ; 
Port  of  Dunkirk  (1837); 
The  Old  Barks  (183(5);  Bat- 
tle of  the  Texel  (1839), 
Versailles  Museum  ;  View 
of  Dieppe  (1842),  Nancy 
Museum  ;  View  of  Bou- 
logne Harbour  (1843), 
Toulouse  Museum  ;  The 
Alchemist  (1845);  Louis 
Philippe  receiving  Queen 
Departure  of 


foreground,  two  women  seated,  one  crown-    Queen  of  England  (1840)  ;  Ceremony  in  the 
ing  a  bull,  the  other  a  lamb  ; 
nymph  with   bow  and    arrow  ; 
knight  who  lias  decapitated   a   hvdra 
background,  a  cavalrv  fight.     Painted  al 


on  right,  a   Church  of  Delft  (1847)  ;  Marriage  of  Henry 
on    left,    a   IV.  (184S) ;  Embarkation  of  De  Ruyter  and 


in 
>ut. 


De  Witt  ( 1850),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  De- 
parture of  (he  Huntsmen  under  Louis  XIII. 

1510  for  the  Marquis  of  Mantua  ;  passed  at  (1855)  ;  Church  Interior  with  Worshippers 

sack  of  that  city  (1(530)  to  Chateau  Riche-  (1850),  Ravene  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Burning  of 

lieu,  France.— C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  i.  54S  ;  Ro-  the  Steamer  Austria  (1859),  Bordeaux  Mu- 

sini,  iv.  157  ;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre,  102.  seum  ;  Wreck  of   the  Ship  Emily  in  1823 

ISABELLA  AND  THE  POT  OF  BASIL,  (1805),    Nantes   Museum  ;    The   Alchemist 

Holman  Jfunt,  Mr.  James  Hall,  Tynemouth,  (1865)  ;  Temptation  of  St.  Anthony  (1869) ; 

England.     Scene  from  Keats's  poem — "  Isa-  Bois  do  Varangeville,  Ango  Manor  at  Varan- 

bella,  or  the  Pot  of  Basil."     Isabella,  full-  geville,    Roadstead  of   Saint-Male,   Luxem- 

length,  standing,  bending  over  the  vase  in  bourg  Museum;  Smugglers  shipping  Goods, 

which  she  has  buried  the  head  of  her  lover,  Douai  Museum  ;  Beach  of  Villerville,  Laval 

slain  by  her  brothers.     Her  tearless  black  Museum  ;  Village  on  the   Cliffs,  Marseilles 


320 


ISABEY 


Museum  ;  View  of  a  Creek,  Perpignan  Mu- 
seum ;  Marine  (1825),  Storm,  Montpellicr 
Museum  ;  Marine,  Neuchatel  Museum ;  Ships 
at  Anchor  (1830),  Konigsberg  Museum ; 
Entrance  to  Cathedral,  Stettin  Museum ; 
Laden  Boat  boarding  Coaster,  Coast  of  En- 
tretat — Normandy  (1851),  Kunsthalle,  Ham- 
burg ;  French  Hospitality,  W.  H.  Vandcr- 
bilt,  New  York  ;  Marines  (2,  1S3C>,  18(12), 
After  the  Storm  (1842),  W.  T.  Walters,  Bal- 
timore.—Bcllier,  i.  805  ;  L'Art  (1875),  i.  39, 
.59  ;  Larousse  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  271. 

ISABEY,  JEAN  BAPTISTE,  born  at 
Nancy,  April  11, 
17(!7,  died  in  Par- 
is, April  18,  1855. 
Miniature  paint- 
er, pupil  at  Nancy 
of  Girardet  and 
Claudot,  then  in 
Paris  of  Dumont 
and  David;  paint- 
er to  the  Kmpress 
Josephine,  1S05  ; 
L.  of  Honour,  1817  ;  Officer  ;  Commander, 
1853.  Also  painter  to  Charles  X.  Apart 
from  their  intrinsic  merit,  his  works  are  of 
great  value  from  their  historical  interest. 
His  portraits  of  Napoleon  I.  are  among  the 
best  in  existence.  Works :  General  Bona- 
parte in  Gardens  at  Malmaison,  Napoleon 
visiting  Factory  at  Rouen  (1804),  do.  at  Jouy 
(180(!),  Versailles  Museum  ;  Review  before 
First  Consul  in  Courtyard  of  Tuileries 
(1801),  Staircase  of  the  Musec  du  Louvre 
(1817),  Louvre,  Paris  ;  Congress  of  Vienna 
(1815),  Windsor  Castle  ;  Portrait  of  Napo- 
leon (in  oil),  do.  of  King  of  Rome,  Nancy 
Museum  ;  do.  of  Grand-duke  of  Baden,  Ba- 1 
den-Baden  Gallery  ;  King  Jerome,  Dresden 
rj  "*|  -  /  Museum.— 

J.  JSd  UMf  /  8//  Holier,  i  H04  ; 
J  Biog.  univ.,xx. 

382  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  tfeole  franchise,  iii. ;  Mey- 
er, Gesch.,  104  ;  Larousse,  ix.  801  ;  Lenor- 
mant,  B.  A  et  Voy.,  i.  218  ;  Jal,  (!98. 

ISAIAH,    Michelangelo,    Sistine    Chajx;!, 
Rome  ;  fresco  on  ceiling. 


ISENMANN,  CASPAR,  died  in  14CO. 
German  school.  Became  citizen  of  Colmar 
in  1430.  His  pictures,  influenced  by  the 
Flemish  school,  are  realistic  in  feeling,  with 
expressive  heads  and  powerful  though  sober 
colouring.  In  1402  he  contracted  to  paint 
an  altarpiece  for  the  church  of  St.  Martin  at 
Colmar.  Works  :  Seven  Scenes  from  Life 
of  Christ  (14l>5),  Colmar  Museum. — Wolt- 
mann,  Deutsche  Kunst  im  Elsass,  21.'!. 

ISIDORO,  ST.,  Min-ill,,,  Seville  Cathedral  ; 
canvas,  H.  (!  ft.  2  in.  •  5  ft.  (!  in.  Seated, 
robed  in  white,  with  a  mitre,  with  a  crook 
in  right  hand  and  an  open  folio  in  left  ;  on 
right,  other  books  and  a  column  ;  behind,  a 
curtain.  Painted  in  1(>55  for  I).  Juan  Fe- 
derigui,  Archdeacon  of  Carniona,  who  pre- 
sented it,  with  its  companion,  St.  Lmtitlro, 
to  the  Cathedral— Curtis,  243. 

ISMEMAS,  painter,  of  Chalcis,  5th  cen- 
turv  i;.c.  Plutarch,  in  his  life  of  the  Athe- 
nian orator  Lyctirgua  ( Vit.  x.,  Orat.  37),  says 
Ismcnias  painted,  for  the  Erechthieum,  a 
picture  in  which  were  represented  the  priests 
of  Poseidon  of  the  family  of  Lycurgus. 

ISRAELS,  JO/EF,  born  at  Groningcn  in 
1824.     Genre  painter, 
pupil    in    Amsterdam 
of  Cornells  Kriiseman,  4fcs. 

then  in  Paris  of  Picot.         (T  "  ••      . 

His  genre  scenes  from 
Dutch  maritime  life 
are  superior  to  his  ear- 
Her  historical  pieces. 
At  present  resides  at 

rm  T  r  -\  T        1      1 

The  Hague.  Medals  : 
Paris,  3d  class,  1S(!7  ; 
1st  class,  1878  ;  L.  of  Honour,  18(17  ;  Ofllcer, 
1878;  Order  of  Leopold.  Works:  William 
of  Orange  defying  Decrees  of  King  of  Spain 
(1855)  ;  Village  Scene  ;  Preparation  for  the 
Future  (1855),  Walk  along  Cemetery  (185C), 
Amsterdam  Museum  ;  Children  of  the  Sea; 
Peaceful  House  ;  Fishing  Boats  shipwrecked 
oft'Scheveningen  (18(i2);  Sick  Mother,  Moth- 
er in  Health,  Orphan  Asylum  at  Katwyk, 
Last  Breath,  True  Support,  Madonna  in  the 
Hut,  Age  and  Infancy  (1872)  ;  First  Sail. 


341 


ISUMI3UAS 


Poor  of  tlio  Village  (1873)  ;  Expectation, 
Anxious  Family  (1874)  ;  Waiting  for  the 
Hen-ing  Boats  (1875)  ;  Returning  from  the 
Field  (1878)  ;  Alone  in  the  World  (1878), 
Amsterdam  Museum  ;  Breakfast  Time,  Din- 
ner of  Cobblers,  Anniversary  (1878);  Frugal 
Meal,  W.  H.  Vander- 

Z  i  /  y  n  bilt,  New  York  ;  Xoth- 
/ yfWtW-4  .  ing  more  !  Sowing 
***  School  at  Katwyk 

(1881);  Silent  Interview  (1882);  Fair  Weath- 
er, Child  Asleep  (1883)  ;  Upturn  (1884). 

IsmiBRAS,  SIR,  AT  THE  FOHD.  Sir 
John  E.  Millai*,  Bart.,  John  Graham,  Esq., 
London  ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  1  in.  \  5  ft.  7  in. 
An  ancient  knight,  clad  in  golden  armour, 
who  has  attained  all  the  glories  of  this  life, 
lias  laid  aside  his  pride  to  help  two  wood- 
cutters' children  over  a  river  ford  upon  the 
saddle  of  his  grand  war-horse.  The  land- 
scape, a  sunset  in  the  forest  along  the  riv- 
er's bank,  was  painted  on  the  Tay.  The 
verses  in  the  Academy  Catalogue,  ascribed 
to  the  "Metrical  Romance  of  Syr  Ysum- 
bras,"  were  written  by  Tom  Taylor.  Royal 
Academy,  1857.  Satirized  in  a  caricature 
of  the  time  entitled  ''A  Nightmare"  (by 
Frederick  Sandys?),  representing  the  artist 
on  an  ass,  carrying  Dante  G.  Rossctti  and 
Holman  Hunt,  with  Michelangelo.  Raphael, 
and  Titian  on  the  distant  bank,  in  atti- 
tudes expressive  of  horror  of  this  last  Pre- 
Raphaelite  attempt.  The  picture  was  pur- 
chased originally  by  Charles  Reade,  the 
novelist. 

ITTEXBACH,  FRAN/,  born  at  Ki'.nigs- 
winter,  near  Cologne.  April  18,  lSl:i,  died 
in  Diisseldorf,  Dec.  1.  187'.'.  History  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  the  Diisseldorf 
Academy  under  Theodor  Hildebrandt  and 
Schadow  ;  with  the  latter  and  Karl  Miiller 
he  visited  Italy  in  1839-41,  and  resided  for 
a  time  in  Munich  before  returning  to  Diis- 
seldorf. For  several  years  he  was  occupied 
with  fresco  paintings  in  St.  Apollinaris 
Church  at  Remagen.  and  in  1804  in  St. 
Quiriims  Church  at  Neuss.  Professor  ; 
Member  of  Vienna  Academy.  Medals  in 


Cologne  (18G1),  Berlin  (1868),  and  Besau- 
con.  Prussian  Order  of  the  Crown,  Belgian 
Order  of  Leopold.  WTorks :  Christ  Cruci- 
fied—with Mary  and  SL  John  (1845),  Ro- 
man Catholic  Church,  Kouigsberg ;  Bap- 
tism of  Christ  (1849),  Garrison  Church, 
Diisseldorf ;  Christ  Crucified  (1850),  Prague 
Gallery  ;  Altai-piece  in  five  Panels  (1851), 
Liechtenstein  Gallery,  Vienna  ;  Mary  Medi- 
atrix (1852);  Virgin  Enthroned,  Assump- 
tion (1858-(il),  St.  llemigius  Church,  Bonn  ; 
Holy  Family  (18(!1),  Prince  Liechtenstein's 
chapel,  Vienna  ;  Holy  Family  (18G2),  Duke 
of  Hamilton's  chapel,  Baden-Baden ;  Ma- 
donna (1802) ;  Madonna  (18C4)  ;  4  Altar- 
pieces  (1805-08),  St.  Michael's  Church,  Bres- 
lau  ;  Holy  Family  in  Egypt  (1808),  National 
Gallery,  Berlin;  Portraits  of  Archbishop 
Clemens  August  of  Cologne,  and  of  Queen 
Stephanie  of  Portugal  (I860).  — Allgem.  d. 
liiogr.,  xiv.  044;  Kunst-Chronik,  xv.  178; 
Art  Journal  (18(15),  133  ;  W.  Miiller,  Diis- 
seldorf K.,  48  ;  Wiegmaim,  172. 

IVANOFF,  ALEXANDER  ANDRE  K- 
VICH.  born  in  St.  Petersburg  in  1800,  died 
there,  July  18, 1858.  History  painter,  son  and 
pupil  of  Andrei  Ivanoff  (1775-1846)  and  of  St. 
Petersburg  Academy.  During  a  twenty-seven 
years'  residence  in  Rome  he  occupied  him- 
self almost  exclusively  in  painting  a  colossal 
Christ  appearing  to  the  People.  Work  : 
Christ  and  Magdalen  (1832),  Hermitage,  St. 
Petersburg.  — Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  xvii.  100. 


JABIN,  CH.  G.  GEORG,  born  at  Bruns- 
wick. Aug.  18,  1828,  died  at  Harz- 
burg,  Jan.  14,  1804.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under 
ScliirnuT  in  1850-55  ;  visited  Switzerland 
in  1857,  and  Norway  in  1803  ;  painted 
mostly  Swiss  scenes  in  style  of  Ruysdael. 
Works  :  Waterfall  in  Lin  Valley,  Brunswick 
Gallery  ;  Murchsee  Fall ;  Forest  Mill  in  West- 
phalia ;  The  Brockeu  by  Moonlight ;  Eeker- 
fall,  Regenstein  ;  Falkenstein  ;  Oker  Valley  ; 
Use  Valley. — Allgern.  d.  Biogr.,  xiii.  522  ; 
Dioskureu  (1804),  51. 


JACCOP.ER 

JACCOBER,  JACOB  BER  called,  lx>rn   Cat.  Nat.  Gal.  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Eeole  anglaise  ; 
at  Blieskastel,  Bavaria,  March  <!,  178(!,  died   Sandby,  i.  35!). 

in  Paris,  July  17,  18(13.  Fruit  and  flown-  JACOB,  JULIUS,  born  at  Berlin,  April 
painter,  pupil  of  Gerard  van  Spaemlonek  ;  2."),  1811,  died  there,  Oct.  20,  1882.  History 
became  naturalized  in  France.  Employed  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  in  Berlin  of  Woch, 
at  Sevres  from  1823  till  182."),  and  of  high  of  Diisseldorf  Academy,  and  in  1'aris  of  De- 
repute  iu  his  branch  of  art.  Medals:  2d  i  laroche.  Travelled  in  Europe,  North  Africa, 
class,  1831  and  1834  ;  1st  class,  18:5',) ;  L.  of  and  Asia  Minor  ;  spent  eleven  years  in  Eng- 
Honour,  1843.  Works:  Fruits  and  Flow-  land,  and  in  18(;.">  went  to  Vienna,  where, 
ere  (183!)),  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  do.  in  after  painting  twenty-six  portraits  of  dis- 
Salons  of  1822-55. — Bellier,  i.  800  ;  Nou-  tinguished  persons  within  a  year,  he  re- 
velle  biogr.  generale,  Paris,  1855.  turned  to  Berlin.  Medals  in  Paris,  Lyons, 

JACK  IN  OFFICE,  Sir  Edwin  hnulwr,  Uouen  ;  member  of  many  artistic  societies. 
South  Kensington  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  1  ft.  i  Works  :  Scenes  from  History  of  St.  Louis  ; 
8  in.  x  2  ft.  2  in.  An  itin- 
erant dealer  in  dog-meat 
lias  left  his  barrow  in  an 
alley  in  charge  of  a  sati- 
ated mongrel,  who,  seated 
upon  the  top.  receives  un- 
moved the  courtier-like  at- 
tentions of  his  hungry  and 
less  fortunate  fellow-creat- 
ures. Somewhat  similar 


^el  (jaltery. 


in  treatment  to  Alexander 
and  Diogenes.  Royal 
Academy,  183;$.  —  Black- 
burn, Pictures  at  Kensing- 
ton ;  Stephens,  01). 

JACKSON,  JOHN,  born 
at  Lastingham,  Yorkshire, 
May  31,  1778,  died  in  Lon- 
don, June  1,  1831.  Son 
of  a  tailor,  but  enabled  by  friends  to  study  Artist  Life  ;  Portraitsof  Princes  Mctternich, 
in  schools  of  Royal  Academy;  elected  A.U.A.  Schwarzenberg,  Liechtenstein,  Kinsky,  Win- 
in  1815,  and  R.A.  in  1817.  Became  famous  dischgraet/,  Lobkowit/,,  Field-Marshal  Hess, 
as  a  portrait  painter,  both  in  water-colours  Count  Apponyi  ;  Male  Head  (1845).  Nation- 
and  in  oils,  and  had  many  distinguished  sit-  al  Gallery,  Berlin.  —  Miiller,  277  ;  Jordan 
ters.  In  181!)  he  visited  Rome,  where  he  (1885),  ii.  10(J  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xviii.  41; 
painted  Canova,  and  was  elected  a  member  Leixner,  Mod.  K.,  i.  5(i  ;  ii.  100,  11!)  ;  Ro- 
of the  Academy  of  St.  Luke.  One  of  his  senberg,  Berl.  Malcrsch.,  51. 
best  works  is  a  portrait  of  Flaxman,  painted  JACOB  VAN  AMSTERDAM.  See  ( '..;•- 
for  and  in  possession  of  Lord  Dover.  Por-  ni'li*;,  Jacob. 

traits  of  Miss  Stephens,  Sir  John  Soane,  JACOB  AND  THE  ANGEL  (Gen.  xxxii.), 
nnd  Rev.  William  Holwell  Carr,  National  Eugene  Drlwrm.r,  St.  Sulpice,  Paris  ;  mural 
Gallery  ;  portrait  of  himself,  National  Por-  painting  in  chapel  of  Saintes-Anges.  Tho 
trait  Gallery  ;  do.,  at  Dover  House,  White-  struggle  of  Jacob  with  the  angel.  One  of 
hall,  and  at  Castle  Howard.  —  Redgrave  ;  •  Delacroix's  best  works. — Larousse,  ix.  862. 


333 


JACOB 


JACOB,    BLESSING    OF    (Gon.    xlix.), 

Hi'iiibraitJt,  Cassel  Gallery  ;  canvas,  H.  5  ft. 
G  iu.  x  G  ft.  8  iu.  ;  signed,  elated  105(5.     Ja- 


(1718) ;   Fr.    Aquila.— Vasari,   eel.   Mil.,   iv. 
:J4<; ;  Miintz,  870  ;  Passavant,  ii.  129. 

By  SjMf/noletlo,  Madrid  Museum  ;  cauvas, 


cob,  on  liis  death-bed,  supported  by  his  sou  ,  H.  5  ft,  10  iu.  x  7  f t.  4  in.  Jacob,  in  a  loug 
Joseph,  extends  his  hands  to  bless  his  two  dark  robe,  somewhat  like  a  Capuchin's,  lies 
o-raiidsons,  who  kneel  ou  the  further  side  of  !  asleep  ou  the  ground,  at  the  foot  of  an  over- 

II  •  11      _         1      _     .1.      .  1         _  J_       _    *   _.1     A_ 


the  bed  ;  beside  them  stands  the  mother, 
with  her  hands  united.  One  of  the  artist's 
best  pictures.  Carried  to  Paris  in  180G-7, 
and  returned  in  1.S14.  Engraved  by  Clacs- 
sens  and  Oortmau  in  Musre  franyais  ;  lin- 
ger ;  Massaloff.— Filhol,  vi.  PI.  374  ;  Musre 
fraurais  ;  Smith,  vii.  G. 


turned  tree  ;  in  the  background,  at  right, 
the  mysterious  ladder  with  angels  ascending 
and  descending.  From  collection  of  Philip 
IV.  Lithographed  by  C.  Rodriguez. — lie- 
veil,  xiv.  980. 

By  Tinturctto,  Seuola  di  S.  Rocco,  Venice  ; 
oval,  ou  ceiling  of  upper  room.    "  The  painter 
JACOB,  DREAM  OF  (Gen.  xxviii.),  Ma-  ]  has  tried  to  overcome  the  awkwardness  of 

winged  angels  ascending 
and  descending  steps  by 
throwing  them  iuto  ex- 
travagant attitudes,  but  he 
has  evidently  not  treated 
the  subject  with  delight." 
— Ruskin,  Stones  of  Ven- 
ice, iii.  347. 

JACOB,  HISTORY  OF. 
Raphael.  See  Raphael's 
Bible. 

JACOB  WITH  FLOCKS 
OF  LABAN  (Gen.  xxx.), 
3[tirillo,  Sir  John  Hardy, 
Bart.,  Dunstall  Hall,  Staf- 
fordshire, Eugland  ;  can- 
vas, H.  8  ft.  x  11  ft.  9  in. 
Jacob,  ou  right,  enters  pool 

Dream  of  Jacob,  Spagnuletto,  Madrid  Museum.  and  lays  peeled  rods  before 

rillu,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ;  canvas,  H.  the  sheep  on  the  left ;  behind  him,  his  clog 
8  ft.  x  11  ft.  9  in.  Jacob  asleep,  with  his  asleep  ;  on  left,  a  sheepfold  ;  ou  right,  a 
head  on  a  stone,  his  staff  near  him  on  a  cruse  ;  servant  leading  a  mule  is  driving  flocks 
at  left,  an  angel  pointing  to  the  ladder,  on  away  ;  rock  in  centre  divides  the  landscape, 
which  two  angels  are  ascending  and  three  Probably  belonged  to  Marques  de  Santiago, 
descending.  Same  history  as  l*iar  blessing  Madrid  ;  bought  at  Lord  Northwick  sale 
Jacob,  of  Hermitage,  its  companion.— Cur-  (185!)),  €1,480. — Curtis,  119. 
tis,  118  ;  Hermitage  Cat.,  127. 

By  Jlaiihai'l,   Stanza  d'Eliodoro,  Vatican  ; 
fresco  on  ceiling.     Jacob  asleep  on  some  flat 
stones  ;  in  the  clouds  a  ladder  with  five  an- 
gels, and  above,  God  the  Father 
with   outstretched   arms.     Shows 
Giulio  Romano.     Painted  in  1513-14. 
graved  by  J.  Bos  (15GO) ;  Joh.  Alessundri  |  belonged  to  Marques  de  Santiago,  Madrid  ; 


JACOB   AND  LABAN,    MEETING  OF 

(Gen.  xxxi.),  Murillu,  Grosveuor  House,  Lou- 
don  ;  canvas,  H.  8  ft.  x  10  ft.  1  in.     In  cen- 
tre, Jacob  and  Laban  conversing ;  on  left, 
in  glory   the  family  of  the  former  in  two  tents  ;  on 
hand    of  right,  horses  and  men  ;  background,  land- 
En-   scape  of  trees  and  mountains.      Probably 


JACOB 


said  to  have  been  bought  in  Madrid  in  1808 
for  Lord  Overstoue,  ami  sold  to  Marnuis  of 
Westminster  for  two  Claudes,  a  1'oiissin, 
and  €1,200  in  money. — Buchanan,  Memoirs, 
ii.  221  ;  Curtis,  120. 

JACOB  AND  RACHEL  (Gen.  xxix.),  (,',- 
ordaiKi,  Dresden  Gallery  ;  canvas,  H.  (!  ft.  8 
in.  x  7  ft.  (J  in.  Jacob,  gone  into  Mesopota- 
mia to  take  a  wife  from  the  daughters  of 


.-   -\.r* *•••" 


j 


-^Sf^Jt- 


Jacob  and  Rachel.  Giordano,  Dfuiden   Gallery. 

Laban,  meets  Rachel  with  her  flocks  near  a 
well,  and  hastens  to  remove  the  stone  from 
the  well's  mouth.  Engraved  by  Joseph 
Wagner.-  Ki'veil,  vii.  435. 

JACOBELLO  DEL  FIORE.     See  Fin,;: 
JACOBI,    BERNARDINO.      Sec    IMli- 
nune. 

JACOBS,  JACOBUS  (ALBERTUS  MI- 
CHAEL), born  in  Antwerp,  May  lit,  1812, 
died  there,  Dec.  13,  187'.!.  Marino  painter, 
pupil  of  Antwerp  Academy  under  Van  Brec 
and  Wappers ;  studied  especially  Claude 
Lorrain,  Joseph  Vernet,  and  Willem  van  do 
Velde  ;  visited  the  Mediterranean  Coast, 
Greece,  Egypt,  Cyprus,  Asia  Minor,  Russia, 
and  Scandinavia,  and  in  1843  became  pro- 
fessor at  the  Antwerp  Academy.  Order  of 
Leopold,  184!) ;  Officer,  1804.  Several  med- 
als. Works :  Outlook  from  Cape  Colouna 
— Greece  (1846),  Weimar  Museum  ;  Grecian 
Archipelago  (1848),  Xational  Gallery,  Ber- 
lin ;  Shipwreck  of  Floridian  (184!)),  Sunrise 
in  the  Archipelago  (1852),  Harbour  of  Con- 


stantinople, Xew  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Ar- 
abs resting  in  the  Desert  (18411) ;  Golden 
Horn  (1852);  Waterfall  of  the  Glommen  in 
Norway  (1853),  Brussels  Museum  ;  Ruins  of 
Kamak  (1857);  Sogne  Fjord  (1857),  Cara- 
van in  Flight,  Ruins  of  Phiue,  Brce/o  on 
Finland  Coast,  Bay  of  Lepanto  (18<!4);  Cat- 
aracts of  the  Nile,  Canal  Grande  in  Venice. 
Entrance  to  Bergen  Harbour  (18(!7).  -Im- 
mer/.eel,  ii.  75;  Kunst-Chronik,  xv.  211. 

JACOBS,  PAUL  EMIL,  born  in  Gotha, 
Aug.  18,  1802,  died  there,  Jan.  (i,  I8(!i;. 
History  painter,  pupil  from  1818  of  the 
Munich  Academy  under  Langer,  father  and 
son;  visited  Upper  Italy  in  182  J,  and  in 
1825  28  studied  in  Koine.  Settled  in  Frank- 
fort, painted  chielly  portraits,  and  in  1S30 
went  to  St.  Petersburg,  where  he  became 
member  of  the  Academy.  Returned  to 
Gotha  in  1834  ;  he  painted  in  Hanover  for 
the  king  in  1835  38,  visited  Greece  and 
Home,  and  settled  in  Gotha  in  184(1;  was 
in  Rome  again  in  1844  45,  and  in  1853  57. 
Member  of  the  Berlin  Academy,  and  court- 
painter  and  aulic  counsellor  to  I  >ul«'  of  Co- 
burg-Gotha.  Works:  Mercury  and  Argus 
(before  1825);  Raising  of  La/.arus  (1825); 
Venus  Asleep  (182(i).  Heads  of  Roman  Wom- 
en (2),  Gotha  Museum  ;  Prometheus  (182!»); 
Portrait  of  General  Diebitsch-Sabalkanski, 
Ascension,  List  Supper  (1830 -34).  Fres- 
cos: Venus  rising  from  Sea,  Triumph  of 
Bacchus,  Argonauts  (1835  38),  Royal  Pal- 
ace, Hanover  ;  Crucifixion  (1840),  St.  Angus- 
tin's,  Gotha  ;  Scheherazade,  Willielma,  Stutt- 
gart ;  replicas  in  Manchester,  Iv'inigsbcrg 
Museum  (1840),  and  Gotha  ;  Presenting  of 
the  Silk  Cord  (1844),  Villa  Rosenstein,  near 
Stuttgart;  Samson  and  Delilah  (1845)  ;  Ju- 
dith and  Holofernes  (1850) ;  Oriental  Slave- 
Market,  Rape  of  Proserpine,  Munich  Gal- 
lery; Luther  at  Worms,  City  Hall,  Stral- 
sund  ;  Christ,  Madonna,  Catholic  Church, 
Gotha  ;  Eccc  Homo  (1853),  Museum,  ib.; 
Descent  from  the  Cross,  Susanna  (185(i); 
Gernmnia  Mourning,  Gennania  Victorious. 
Day  and  Night,  War  and  Peace.  — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xiii.  G15  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  i.  3. 


JACOBSEN 

JACOBSEX,  SOPHUS,  born  at  Freder-  Winter  Day  (1880);  Route  of  Chene  au  Chat, 

ikshald,  Norway,  Sept.  7,  1833.     Landscape  Hut  in  Saint  Germain  Forest  (1881);  Gruye 

painter,  pupil  of  Dilsseldorf  Academy  under  Valley  in  Forest  of  Marly  (1882);  Oak  of 

Glide  ;  lias  travelled  in  Norway,  Germany,  Vierge-Noire,  Chestnut  Grove  (1883);  View 

mid  Italy.     His  landscapes  with  rain,  snow,  at  Montcheureuil,  PereGillot's  Cabin  (1884); 

or  moonlight  effects  are  painted  with  great  Views  in  Forest  of  Saint  Germain  (2,  1885). 

truth  to  nature.     Works  :  View  in  the  Eifel  JACOMO,   BABBERINO.     See  Barbari, 

(18<il)  ;    Moonlight    on    Norwegian    Coast  Jacopo  de'. 

(1807);  Moonlight  in  Venice  (1872);  Win-  JACOPO  A  VAN/I.     See  Acanzi. 
ter  Landscape  (1873);  Autumn  Landscape,  JACOPO   DA   CASENTINO,    14th    cen- 
Christiania  Museum  ;  Laplanders  on  Rein-  tury,   born   in   Prato  Vecchio,   died   there, 
deer  Hunt .(with  Tidemand);  Rhenish  Land-  aged  eighty.     Florentine  school.     Met  Tad- 
scape,  Diisscldorf  Gallery. — Miiller,  277.  deo  Gaddi  while  the  latter  was  decorating  a 

JACOBS/  (Jacobsen),  JURIAEN,  born  chapel  in  the  church  of  Sasso  della  Veruia 
in  Hamburg  about  1010  (V),  died  at  Amster-  in  Casentino,  and  followed  him  to  Florence, 
dam  in  l(i(>4  (V).  Flemish  school;  history  He  painted  mail}'  frescos  in  that  city,  both 
and  animal  painter,  pupil  at  Antwerp  of  as  a  subordinate  and  as  a  master,  and  was 
Fran s  Snyders  ;  said  to  have  travelled  ex-  one  of  the  founders,  in  13-19,  of  the  Com- 
tensivelv,  especially  in  Switzerland  ;  after-  pany  of  St.  Luke.  About  1354  he  went  to 
wards  lived  at  Amsterdam  and  at  Leeuwar-  Are/./.o,  where  he  reconstructed  the  water- 
den,  Frieslaud.  Works  :  Boar  attacked  by  works  of  the  Fonte  Guinizelli,  and  executed 
Dogs  (1660),  Dresden  Museum  ;  do.  (1677?),  a  great  number  of  frescos.  His  work  is 
Copenhagen  Gallery. — Immerzeel,  ii.  7(!  ;  weakly  Giottesquc  and  feeble  in  execution. 
Kramm,  iii.  71)0  ;  Schaefer,  iii.  1141.  Among  the  few  extant  examples  of  his  style 

.JACOBS/,   LUCAS.     See  Li-y<b-n.  are  a  St.  John  Evangelist  with  predella  in 

JACOBY,    VALERLVN,    born    in    1834.  the  National  Gallery,   London ;  a  predella 

History   painter,    pupil   of   St.   Petersburg  ,  in  the  L'ffix.i,  Florence  ;  and  a  Dead  Christ 

Academy.    Settled  in  Rome.    Works  :  Death  '  (fresco)  in   S.  Bartolommeo,  Arczzo.  —  C.  & 

of  Itobespierre  ;  Seizure  of  Biron  ;  Cardinal  C.,  Italy,  ii.  2  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  GG9  ;  W.  & 

de  Guise  receiving  Coligny's  Head  (18(i'.();  W.,  i.  454. 

Beggar's    Easter    Day ;    Orange    Seller.-  JACOPO    DI    SAN    SEVERING.      See 

Kunsfc-Chronik,  iv.  (i8  ;  Miiller,  278.  Lorenzo  di  San  Severino. 

JACOMIX,  ALFRED  LOUIS,  Jjorn  in  JACOPO  DA  VALENTIA  or  VALEN- 
I'aris,  Jan.  3,  1S43.  Genre  painter  ;  medal  TINA,  Venetian  school,  end  of  15th  and  be- 
at Philadelphia  Exhibition,  1N7(>.  Works  :  ginning  of  Kith  century.  Pupil  of  Barto- 
/•'intit  and  Mephistopheles  (18(>9),  James  H.  lommeo  and  Luigi  Vivarini,  whose  faces  and 
Stelibins,  New  York  ;  Bilboquet  and  his  figures  he  frequently  reproduced.  He  was 
Companion,  Armourer  of  17th  Century  a  second-  or  third-rate  journeyman,  devoid 
(187IJ)  ;  A  Baptism  (1877)  ;  Magic  Mirror  of  feeling  as  a  colourist,  who  rivalled  Pal- 
(1878) ;  Indisposed  (1871))  ;  Old  Clothes  mezzano  and  Filippo  of  Verona  in  dulness. 
Dealer  (1880);  Father  Robin's  Forge  (1881);  Earliest  work,  a  half-length  Madonna,  dated 
Blacksmith's  Shop,  Bit  of  Jaruac  (1882);  Job  1485,  at  Belluno.  He  probably  became  a 
(1883);  The  King's  Ordinance  (1885).  master,  beginning  of  the  16th  century,  in 

JACOMIX,  MARIE  FERDINAND,  born  Serravalle,  where  he  received  frequent  corn- 
in  Paris ;  contemporary.  Landscape  painter,  missions.  Two  Madonnas  by  him  (one 
Medal,  3d  class,  Paris,  1883.  Works :  Bois  ,  1508)  are  in  the  Cathedral  of  Ceneda,  and 
noirs  in  Forest  of  Marly  (1878);  Moonrise  another  (1509)  is  in  the  Venice  Academy. — 
in  Forest  of  Fontaiuebleau  (1879);  End  of  C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  i.  73. 


JACOPO 


JACOPO  DI  VENETIA.  See  Bellini,  Ja- 
copo. 

JACQUAND,  CLAUDIUS,  bom  in  Lyons, 
Dec.  G,  1805,  died  in  Paris,  May  :!,  1878. 
History  painter,  pupil  of  Floury  Richard. 
First  exhibited  in  1824,  and  in  1838  settled 
in  Paris.  His  pictures,  though  well  com- 
posed and  drawn,  are  somewhat  monotonous 
and  dull  in  colour.  Medals :  2d  class,  1S24  ; 
1st  class,  1830  ;  Philadelphia  Imposition, 
187G  ;  L.  of  Honour,  183!)  ;  Order  of  Leo- 
pold of  Belgium.  Works:  Prison  Court- 
yard (1824)  ;  Sir  Thomas  More  (1827), 
Lyons  Museum  ;  Death  of  Adelaide  de  ( '<>m- 
minges  (1831) ;  Presentation  of  Louis  Labbt'- 
to  Francis  I.  (1834)  ;  Cinq  Mars  and  De 
Thou  (1835),  Voltaire  arrested  at  Frankfort 
(183")),  Neuchatel  Museum  ;  Comminges 
recogni/.ing  Adelaide  (1830),  Lyons  Muse- 
um ;  Four  Ages  of  a  Woman  (183(i)  ;  Joco- 
lyn,  Laurence  waiting  for  Jocelyn  (1837); 
Death  of  Young  (iaston  do  Foix  (1831)), 
Leipsic  Museum  ;  Charlemagne  crowned 
King  of  Italy  (1838),  Chapter  of  Order  of 
St.  John  at  Rhodes  (183!l),  Versailles  Muse- 
um ;  The  Avowal  (1840),  Lyons  Museum  ; 
After  Dinner  (1841)  ;  Henry  of  Burgundy 
invested  with  Portugal  (1842),  Versailles 
Museum  ;  At  once  Minister  and  Doctor 
(1842)  ;  The  Right  of  High  and  Low  Juris- 
diction (1845);  Autumn  Rents,  Capture  of 
Jerusalem (1840), Versailles  Museum; Charles 
V.  in  Convent  of  St.  Just  (1847)  ;  The  Or- 
phans, The  Blessing,  Hamburg  Museum  ; 
Christ  on  Golgotha  (1850)  ;  St.  Bonaventura 
refusing  the  Insignia  of  the  Cardinalate 
(1852),  formerly  in  Luxembourg  Museum  ; 
Mayor  of  Boulogne  refusing  the  Terms  of 
Henry  VIII.  (1852),  Hotel  de  Ville,  Bou- 
logne-sur-Mer ;  L'Amendc  Honorable  (1853). 
formerly  in  Luxembourg  Museum  ;  Sacri- 
lege (1853)  ;  Last  Interview  of  Charles  I. 
with  his  Children  (1855),  formerly  in  Lux- 
embourg;  Clemency  of  Peter  the  Great 
(1855) ;  German  Troopers  (1857),  Sir  Rich- 
ard Wallace  ;  Perugino  painting  for  Monks 
(185'J),  Dijon  Museum  ;  William  the  Silent 
selling  his  Jewels  (185'J),  King  of  Holland  ; 


Convalescent  Priest,  Crust  of  Pastry,  Pres- 
entation in  Temple  (1803),  Ministry  of  Inte- 
rior, Paris  ;  La  Vierge  du  Travail  (1803), 
Cambrai  Museum  ;  Dante  in  Rome  (1804)  ; 
Easter,  Two  Misers  (1805)  ;  Galileo  before 
his  Abjuration  (1807),  Amiens  Museum  ; 
(Juido  d'Are//.o  and  his  Pupils  (1808)  ;  Bo- 
naparte at  Nice  1 180!()  :  Christopher  Colum- 
bus on  his  Death-Bed  showing  his  Chains  to 
his  Son  ( 1S7II)  ;  Death  of  St.  Joseph  (1872) ; 
Ransom  of  Sicilian  Family  captured  by  a 
Barbary  Pirate  (1873)  ;  Sacrilege,  Chiefs  of 
German  Mercenaries  (1S74|  ;  Death  of  the 
Virgin,  Monthlv  Collection  (1875);  Grief 
and  Compassion  (1870);  Stella  in  Rome  in 
10118  ( 1877);  Maria  de  Medici  visiting  Studio 
of  Rubens,  Cardinal  visiting  Ribera  in  his 
Studio,  Nantes  Museum  ;  Maid  of  Palaiseau, 
Cambrai  Museum  ;  Rousseau  taking  Leave 
of  Marshal  de  Luxembourg's  Family,  Neu- 
chatel Museum  ;  Gypsy  ( Jang  in  <  'ourt-room. 
New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Frescos  in  St. 
Philippe  du  Roule,  St.  Bernard,  Paris,  and 
Chapdlo  de  St.  Ferdinand,  Neuilly.  —  Bel- 
lier,  i.  811  ;  Larousse  ;  Meyer,  Gesch.,  155. 
JACgUK,  CHAKLF.S  K.MILK,  born  in 
Paris,  May  23, 
1S13.  Animal  and 
landscape  painter, 
engraver,  and 
e  t  eh  e  r.  F  e  w 
French  art  ists 
have  a  more  wide- 
ly e  X  t  e  11  dec!  or 
better  deserved 
reputation, 
though  more  not- 
ed as  an  etcher 
than  a  painter,  his  colouring  being  some- 
what crude.  He  paints  farmyard  scenes  in 
perfection,  and  excels  in  accurate  knowledge 
of  sheep  and  poultry,  of  which  he  is  a  fan- 
cier; has  also  been  called  Lo  Raphael  des 
Porceaux,  from  his  truthful  pictures  of  pigs. 
Medals:  3d  class,  1801,  1803;  Medal,  1804; 
L.  of  Honour,  1807.  Works :  Herd  of  Oxen 
driven  to  Watering  Place  (1840),  Angers 
Museum  ;  Landscape  with  Cattle  (1850), 


JACQUEMATCT 


Clmlon-snr-Saone  Museum  ;  Flock  of  Sheep 
in  a  Landscape  (1801),  Luxembourg  Muse- 
um ;  Chicken  Yard,  Group  of  Sheep  (18(i2) ; 
Enclosure  at  Barbison  (1803)  ;  Ploughing 
(1S(!4)  ;  Country  Scene  (1805)  ;  Landscape 
(1SOG)  ;  In  a  Shecpfold,  Border  of  Wood 
with  Animals  (1870)  ;  Girl  Knitting  (1872) ; 
Sheep,  Chickens  (•>),  The  Village  Poor,  Pas- 
toral (:!),  W.  T.  Walters,  Baltimore  ;  Land- 
scape and  Sheep,  H.  C.  Gibson,  Philadel- 
phia ;  Horses  in  Stable,  Sheep  and  Chickens, 
Ducks,  A.  E.  Borie  Collection,  ib.  ;  Sheep 
Stable,  W.  H.  Yanderbilt,  New  York  ;  Sheep, 
Hawk  Collection,  ib. ;  Fowls,  T.  A.  Havomey- 
cr,  ib.  ;  Hock,  Aug.  Belmont,  ib.  ;  Coming 
Storm,  Young  Shepherdess,  Landscape  with 
Horses,  do.  with  Sheep,  and  others,  J.  ( '. 
Rankle,  il).  ;  Poultry,  Sheep  in  Stable,  D.  (). 
Mills,  ib.;  Poultry,  John  Hoey,  ib.;  Sheep  and 
Shepherdess,  11  L.  Cutting,  ib.  —  Claretie, 

Peintres, 


G  u  i  ft' i1  e  y, 
(Euvres  de 
Ch.  Jacque  (Paris,  1807);  Meyer,  Gesch., 
700  ;  Hamerton,  French  Painters  ;  Sept., 
1875,  Portfolio. 

JACQUEMART,  NELIE,  born  in  Paris 
in  1845.  History  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil 
ofCogniet.  In  1804  she 
decorated  the  church 
at  Suresne,  near  Paris, 
but  her  high  reputa- 
tion was  gained  by 
such  portraits  as  those 
of  Drury  (1809),  Dn- 
f  an  re  and  Canrobcrt 
(1870),  Thiers  (1871),  which  when  exhibited 
attracted  much  attention.  Medals  :  1808, 
1809, 1870  ;  2d  class,  1878.  Works  :  Father 
of  the  Orphans,  Molu-re  with  the  Barber 
Geny  at  Pczi'nas  (1803)  ;  Supper  at  Emma- 
us,  Tlie  Pine-Apple  Tavern  with  Molicre 
reading  "Les  Femmes  Savantes "  to  Cor- 
neille  and  Boileau  (1800) ;  Portrait  of  Gen- 
eral Aurelle  de  Paladiues  (1877),  Luxem- 


bourg  Museum  ;  Landscape  (1870),  W.  T. 
Walters,  Baltimore.— Bellier,  i.  812  ;  Zeit- 
schr.  f.  b.  K,  x.  307. 

JACQUET,  JEAN  GUSTAVE,  born  in 
Paris,  May  25,  1840.  Genre  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Bouguereau.  His  genre 
pieces  are  original  and  line  in  colour ;  his 
portraits  have  strength,  charm,  and  expres- 
sion, as  well  as  delicacy  of  tone.  Medals  : 
1808  ;  1st  class,  1875  ;  3d  class,  1878  ;  L. 
of  Honour,  1879.  Works  :  Modesty,  Sad- 
ness (18G5);  M.  Guillemin  in  Dress  of  IGth 
Century  (18GO);  Call  to  Arms  in  the  IGth 
Century  (1807);  Departure  of  Army  with 
German  Mercenaries  (1808) ;  Judith,  Gar- 
den in  Lesmacs  (1800)  ;  Girl  holding  a 
Sword  (1872);  Festival  in  Touraine  about 
1505  (1873);  The  Mysterious  Studio  (1874); 
Mercenaries  Halt  ing,  Revery,  Vidette  (1875); 
CountryWoman  (1876);  Poor  Girl  (1877); 
Joan  of  Arc  praying  for  France  (1878);  The 
First  to  Arrive  (1879);  Minuet  (1880);  Glo- 
rious France  (1882);  La  Pa  vane — Dance  of 
Kith  Century  (1884);  The  Wag,  Queen  of 
the  Camp  (1885). 

JADIN,  EMMANUEL  CHARLES,  bom 
in  Paris ;  contemporary.  Genre  and  ani- 
mal painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Louis  Gode- 
froy  Jadin  and  of  Cabanel.  His  late  limit- 
ing scenes  are  better  painted  than  his  early 
genre  pieces.  Medals  :  Philadelphia  Expo- 
sition, 1870  ;  3d  class,  Paris,  1881.  Works  : 
Sheik  Salah  dead  in  his  Tent  (187G);  Rais- 
ing of  Lazarus  (1877);  Return  from  the 
Cemetery  in  Venice  (1878);  Emigrants  on 
a  Steamer  (1879)  ;  Vision  of  St.  Hubert 
(1880);  Deer  in  Forest  of  Fontaineblean, 
Boar  Hunt  (1881);  Group  of  Boars  in  Sum- 
mer, Greyhound  (1882) ;  Foal  of  an  Ass 
(1883)  ;  Monkey  showing  Magic  Lantern 
(1884);  Too  Late!  (1885). 

JADIN,  LOUIS  GODEFROY,  born  in 
Paris,  June  30,  1805,  died  there  in  June, 
1882.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Abel  de 
Pujol  and  Hersent.  Paints  spirited  hunt- 
ing scenes,  eight  of  which  in  panels  deco- 
rate the  dining-room  of  the  Ministry  of 
,  State.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1834  ;  2d  class, 


JADRAQUE 


1840 ;  1st  class,  1848  ;  3d  class,  1855  ;  L. 
of  Honour,  1854.  Works :  Plain  of  Mont- 
fort-1'Amaury  (1834);  Factory  of  Poussiu 
near  Rome  (1837);  The  Villa  d'Estc  (1838); 
Castle  of  St.  Angelo  (183i));  Hunting  sit 
Fontainebleau  (1844);  Deer  Hunt  (1848); 
Stag  at  Bay  (1852),  Ministry  of  Interior, 
Paris  ;  Relay  of  Dogs  at  Chateau  do  Mailly 
(1855),  Arras  Museum  ;  The  Seven  Deadly 
Sins  (1857)  ;  View  of  Rome,  Vision  of 
St.  Hubert  (185'J)  ;  Victim  of  Despotism 


Madrid,  3d  class,  1871, 187G;  2d  class,  1878  ; 
Vienna,  1873.  Works :  Charles  V.  at  San 
Yuste  (1878),  Madrid  Museum  ;  Interesting 
Reading  ;  Cisneros  presented  to  Queen  Isa- 
bella.— La  Ilustracion  (187'.)),  i.  43. 

JAFFA,  PLAGUE  OF,  Antoine  Jean 
<li-o.<.  Louvre,  Paris;  canvas,  H.  17  ft.  (i  in. 
x  23  ft.  7  in.;  signed,  dated  Versailles,  1S04. 
General-in-Chief  Bonaparte,  in  order  to  in- 
spire confidence  in  his  army,  visited,  March 
11,  17'.t!(,  his  plague-stricken  soldiers  in  the 


-<-;;y  •'/,-"•••    \     .•  ' 


•/ 

. 


: A.    ' 


; '        •••"'.  ^  i  /•. 
4!  ' 


^^C'^'iV'^BSP%^  Slli 

itjijlil  pif/til* 


Plague  of  Jaffa,  Antoine  Juan  Gros,  Louvre,  Pans. 


(18G1)  ;  Twelve  Dogs  of  Virelade  Breed 
(1804);  Women  of  Isle  of  Sein  burning  Sea- 
weed (18C8);  Aurora,  ceiling  in  Salon  d'Hcr- 
cule,  Palais  du  St'nat,  Paris  ;  Eight  Panels 
with  Hunting  and  Falconry  Subjects,  Min- 
istry of  State,  ib. — Bellier,  i.  K1C>  ;  Chroniquc 
des  Arts  (1882),  180  ;  Larousse,  ix.  875  ; 
Meyer,  Oesch.,  7f>2. 

JADRAQUE  SANCHEZ,  Don  MIGITEL, 
born  at  Valladolid ;  contemporary.  His- 
tory painter,  pupil  of  Valladolid  art-school, 
where  he  won  the  first  prize.  Medals : 


hospitals  at  Jaffa.  Scene—  The  interior  of 
a  mosque  surrounded  by  a  large  court,  con- 
verted into  a  hospital  ;  near  the  centre, 
Bonaparte,  followed  by  Berthier  and  Bes- 
sieres,  and  attended  by  physicians,  touches 
without  fear  the  lx>dy  of  a  plague-stricken 
sailor  ;  the  dying,  the  sick,  and  the  conva- 
lescent on  all  sides.  Salon  of  1804.  Gros 
received  1(>,00()  francs  for  the  picture,  which 
was  very  successful.  Engraved  by  Laugier, 
and  by  Queverdot  and  Pigeot. — Landon, 
Musce,'  xii.  PL  1-2 ;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre  ; 


3» 


JAGEK 


Gal.  ile  Versailles,  No.  055  ;  Norvins,  Hist, 
tie  Napoleon,  i.  480. 

JAGER,  GUSTAV,  born  in  Leipsic,  July 
12,  1808,  died  there,  April  10,  1871.  His- 
tory painter,  studied  at  first  in  Leipsic  and 
at  the  Dresden  Academy,  and  from  1830  in 
Munich  under  Julius  Schnorr,  whom,  after 
visiting  Rome  in  1830-37,  ho  assisted  in 
painting  frescos  in  the  new  palace.  In 
1S40-48  ho  decorated  the  Herder  room  at 
the  castle  in  Weimar  with  frescos,  and  in 
1850  painted  one  of  the  frescos  in  the  Nic- 
belungen  Hull  at  Munich.  He  was  made 
director  of  the  Leipsic  Academy  in  1847. 
Works :  Entombment,  Burial  of  Moses. 
Leipsic  Museum  (Cartoon  in  Weimar  Mu- 
seum); Job  (1833);  Prayer  of  Moses  during 
the  Battle  (1835);  Balaam  with  the  Angel 
(1830);  Mystical  Marriage  of  St.  Catherine 
(1S55),  Dresden  Museum.  Frescos  :  Char- 
lemagne driving  the  Longolmrda  from  Ger- 
many, Conquest  of  Saragossa,  Battle  with 
the  Huns,  Death  of  Charlemagne  in  Aachen, 
Charlemagne  taking  Pavia,  Council  at  Frank- 
fort, Coronation  of  Charlemagne  in  Rome, 
Frederic  Barbarossa  proclaimed  Emperor, 
Barbarossa's  Entry  into  Milan,  Peace  Treaty 
with  Alexander  111.  in  Venice,  Death  of  Bar- 
barossa at  Seleucia  (1837-45),  all  in  the 
Ki'migsbau,  Munich  ;  Allegories  illustrating 
Herder's  Works  (1840  48),  Herder  mom, 
Weimar  ;  Entombment,  Leipsic  Museum  ; 
Dream  of  Hophronius,  Magdalen  at  the  Feet 
of  the  Saviour  (1859);  Circumcision  of  St. 
John. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xiii.  (549  ;  Allgem. 
Zeitg.,  April  27,  1871,  Beilage,  117  ;  Cotta's 
Kunstbl.  (1830),  54 ;  D.  Kunstbl.  (1850), 
328  ;  (1851),  19  ;  (1858),  291  ;  Fi'.rster,  v. 
101  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  vi.  423. 

JAGER,  KARL,  born  at  Nuremberg  in 
1838.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Reindel, 
Kreling,  and  Munich  Academy.  Professor 
at  Nuremberg  Art  School.  Works  :  Golden 
Age  of  Nuremberg  ;  Birth  of  Diirer ;  Fair 
Rothtraut  (1877);  twelve  portraits  of  Ger- 
man Kings  ;  Portrait  of  Director  Esseuwein, 
Nuremberg  Museum. — Miiller,  279. 

JAHN,     JOHANN     QUIRIN,    born    in 


Prague,  June  4,  1739,  died  there,  July  20, 
1802.  History  painter  and  writer  on  art ; 
son  and  pupil  of  Jacob  Jahn  (died  in  1767), 
and  for  several  years  assistant  of  Palko  in 
fresco  and  oil  painting.  Visited  Holland, 
France,  and  Germany,  and  was  made  associ- 
ate of  the  Academy  at  Vienna.  After  his 
return  to  Prague  in  1790  he  painted  altar- 
pieces  for  Bohemian  and  Schleswig  churches. 
Works  :  S.  Felippo  Neri  (1772),  Church  of 
St.  Veit,  Prague  ;  St.  Stephen  (1775),  St.  Ste- 
phen's, ib.  ;  masterly  copy  of  Correggio's  La 
Notte,  Church  at  Liebesnitz. — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xiii.  080  ;  Wurzbach,  x.  47. 

JAIRUS,  DAUGHTER  OF  (Mark,  ch.  v.), 
Gustav  Jiichter,  National  Gallery,  Berlin ; 
canvas,  H.  11  ft.  10  in.  x  9  f t.  5  in.  ;  signed, 
dated  1850.  Christ,  accompanied  by  three 
apostles,  stands  beside  the  bed  of  the  maid- 
en, who  raises  her  head  and  looks  up  to  him, 
while  the  mother  bends  listening  over  her  ; 
the  father,  standing  behind  the  couch,  has 
laid  his  hand  on  his  child's  pillow  and  looks 
in  mute  astonishment  at  the  miracle. — Jor- 
dan (1885),  i.  102. 

JALABERT,  CHARLES  FRANCOIS, 
born  at  Nimes,  Jan.  1,  1819.  Genre  and 
:  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Paul  Delaroche. 
After  competing  for  the  prix  de  Rome  three 
times  without  success,  he  spent  three  years 
in  Italy,  and  returned  with  a  picture  which 
was  bought  by  the  State.  His  figures  are 
well  grouped,  but  not  free  from  affectation. 
This  is  especially  applicable  to  his  religious 
pictures.  Medals  :  3d  class,  1847  ;  2d  class, 
1851,  1807;  1st  class,  1853,  1855;  L. 
of  Honor,  1855  ;  Officer,  1807.  Works : 
Virgil,  Horace,  and  Varius  at  the  House  of 
Maecenas  (1847),  Luxembourg  Museum  ; 
St.  Luke,  Villanello  (1852)  ;  Annunciation, 
Nymphs  listening  to  Orpheus  (1853);  Christ 
on  Mount  of  Olives  (1855);  Farewell  of  Ro- 
meo and  Juliet,  Raphael  at  work  on  the  Ma- 
donna San  Sisto  (1857);  A  Widow  (1801); 
Christ  walking  on  the  Sea,  Maria  Abruzze 
(1803);  The  Awakening  (1872);  CEdipus  and 
Antigone,  Nimes  Museum  ;  Christian  Mar- 
tyr, Italian  Girl,  Orpheus  (1853);  The  Morn- 


33U 


JALEO 


ing  (1863),  W.  T.  Walters,  Baltimore.— 
Bellier,  i.  H18  ;  Nouv.  biog.  gcnerale  ;  Cli. 
Blanc,  Artistes  dc  Mon  Temps,  474  ;  Ham- 
erton,  1'aiiitiug  ill  Franco  ;  Meyer,  Oesuh., 
307. 

JALEO,  EL,  Raimundo  do  M<uli-<i;<>, 
Henry  C.  Gibson,  Philadelphia.  A  gvpsy 
girl,  mounted  on  a  table  in  the  court  of  the 
Casa  do  Pilatos,  Seville,  dancing  the  jaleo  ; 
behind  her  are  several  torreros,  one  playing 
a  guitar,  and  in  front,  seated  under  the 
banana  trees,  is  a  female  companion,  watch- 
ing the  performance. — Art  Treas.  of  Amer., 
i.  70. 

JALEO,  EL,  John  S.  Sur^'n/,  T.  JeiVerson 
Coolidge,  Boston.  El  Jaleo,  or  Dance  of 
the  (litanos.  In  foreground,  a  gypsy  girl 
is  executing  a  slow,  measured,  voluptuous 
dance,  the  principal  movement  being  with 
the  arms  and  body  ;  in  background,  ranged 
against  a  white  wall,  on  which  their  shadows 
are  thrown  by  strong  lamplight,  are  a  row 
of  black-robed  musicians.  Original  subject, 
strongly  rendered  in  manner  of  Velasquez. 
Paris  Salon  (18S;>).  Engraved  by  H.'l.  Du- 
jardin.—  Art  Journal  (1882),  217. 

JALYSL'S,  picture.     Sec  1'ru/iii/i'ni:*. 

JAMES  OFCOMPOSTELLA.ST.,  T,/i>n,, 
S.  Lio,  Venice  ;  canvas,  arched,  ligure  lil'e- 
si/.e  ;  signed.  St.  James  receiving  the  ray 
from  heaven  ;  in  the  distance,  the  Baptist 
kneeling,  and  a  knight  to  the  left,  sitting. 
Painted  about  1505.  Injured  by  time  and 
repainting. — C.  A:  C.,  Titian,  ii.  355. 

JAMES  AND  JOHN,  CALLING  OF  (St. 
Matt.  iv.  21),  Marco  lianaili,  Venice  Acad.  ; 
wood,  arched,  H.  15ft.  x8  ft.  (!  in.  ;  signed, 
dated  1510.  Christ,  with  Peter  and  Andrew 
on  a  rocky  shore  (Sea  of  Galilee)  ;  James 
kneeling  to  receive  a  blessing ;  John  step- 
ping out  of  boat  in  which  Zebedee  is  sitting. 
Painted  for  S.  Andrea  della  Certosa,  on  one 
of  the  islands  of  Venice. — Zanotti,  Pin.  dell' 
Accad.  Yen.,  PL  17  ;  C.  &  C.,  N.  Italy,  i.  2<>3. 

JAMES,  ST.,  Guido  Reni,  Madrid  Mu- 
seum ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  5  in.  x  3  ft.  Figure 
half-length,  life-size.  Collection  of  Dofia  Isa- 
bel Farnese.  -  Madrazo. 


JAMESONE  (Jamieson),  GEORGE,  lx>rn 
at  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  in  15H(i,  died  in  Ed- 
inburgh in  1G44.  History,  portrait,  and  land- 
scape painter,  student  of  Hubens  at  Antwerp, 
where  he  was  a  fellow-pupil  of  Van  Dyck  , 
returned  to  Aberdeen  in  KJ20,  but  remove. 1 
to  Edinburgh  about  KJ30-35.  Charles  I. 
sat  to  him  in  Ui33  fora  full-length.  His 
manner  is  so  much  like  that  of  Van  Dyck 
that  lie  is  sometimes  called  the  Scottish 
Van  Dyck.  Many  works  in  the  houses  of 
Scottish  nobility.  —  Redgrave  ;  Taylor,  135  ; 
Fine  Arts  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  ii. 
321  i  ;  F.  do  Conches,  21. 

JAN  MET  DEN  BAARD.     See  I'.rm.-v/i. 

JAN  VAN  CALCAR.  See  K,,liai;  Hans 
von. 

JAN  \VALTKR  VAN  ASSEN.  See  <',„•- 
ni'lixz,  Jacob. 

JANET.       See   Uloui-t. 

JANKT-LANGK,  ANGK  LOflS  called, 
born  in  Paris,  Nov.  2i>,  1815,  died  there, 
Nov.  25,  1872.  History  painter,  pupil  of 
Colin,  Ingres,  and  of  Horace  Vernet,  who  of 
tho  three  especially  influenced  hisslvlc.  Ho 
was  a  careful  painter,  of  no  groat  talent,  and 
often  employed  as  a  decorator  and  illustra- 
tor. Medal,  3d  class,  1  S.V.I.  Works:  The 
Stud  (1830);  Christ  in  the  Garden  (I83'.h; 
Isaac,  blessing  Jacob  (1843);  Abdication  at 
Fontaiuebleau  (1844),  Tours  Museum;  Good 
Shepherd  (1845);  Kiss  Given  and  Returned 
(lS4(i);  Pilgrims  of  Emmaus  (1SID);  Nero 
in  the  Chariot  Race  (185."));  Napoleon  III. 
helping  the  Sufferers  by  the  Inundation  at 
Lyons  (1857)  ;  Incident  of  the  Battle  of 
Koughil  (18.V,));  Napoleon  III.  and  his  Start" 
atSolferino  (1801);  Battle  of  Altesco  (1804); 
Pheasant  Shooting  at  Compiegne  (18(>5);  His 
Last  Friend,  Going  to  the  Ambulance  (l.S(J(>); 
Incident  of  Siege  of  1'uebla  (18(!8);  Crossing 
the  Gemini  (187(1).—  Atheua-um  (1872),  ii. 
738  ;  Laronsse. 

JANK,  CHRISTIAN,  born  in  1833.  Ar- 
chitecture painter,  pupil  in  Munich  of  Emil 
Kirclmer.  His  architectural  views  in  Ger- 
many, Italy,  France,  and  Spain  are  well 
conceived,  excellent  in  perspective,  and 


331 


JANMOT 


bold  in  execution.     Works :  Castle  Ellkofen ; 
Arena  in  Verona  ;  Canal  Grande  with  S.  M. 


making  Music,  Schleissheim  Gallery  ;  Land- 
scapes with  Figures  (2),  Darmstadt  Museum  ; 


della  Salute  in  Venice  ;  Amphitheatre  in  Interiors  (2),  Bordeaux  Museum  ;  Portrait 
Tola ;  Courtyard  of  Palazzo  Cicogna  in  of  a  Scholar,  Wiesbaden  Gallery ;  Depart- 
Venice  ;  Entrance  to  San  Giovanni  e  Paolo  :  ure  of  Prodigal  Son,  Prodigal  Son  in  Riot- 


Venice ;    Cathedrals    of    Bourges    and 
Rouen ;    Portals    of    Cliartres    Cathedral 


ous  Living,  New  York  Museum.     In  fresco  : 
Appearing  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  Ave  Maria, 

Synagogue  in  Prague  ;  Study  of  Interior. —  Holy  Trinity,  Baptism  of  Christ,  Chapel  of 
Muller,  280.  the  Holy  Ghost,  Generalcommando,  Gratz. 

JANMOT,  LOUIS,  born  in  Lyons,  May  2,    —  Wurzbach,  x.  81. 


1814.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Orsel  in 
Lyons  and  of  Ingres  in  Paris.  Medals  :  .'id 
class,  1845  ;  2d  class,  1851),  18(51.  Works  : 


JANSCHA,  LORENZ,  born  at  Rodein, 
Carniola,  in  1744,  died  in  Vienna,  April  1, 
1812.  Landscape  painter  and  etcher,  pupil 


liaising  of  the  "Widow's  Sou  (1840);  Flower  of  the  Vienna  Academy  under  Weirotter 
of  the  Eields,  Assumption  (1845);  Eucharist  and  Christian  Brand;  went  to  Rome  in 
(Hospital  of  Antequaille,  Lyons)  ;  Christ  in  1790,  and  was  appointed  in  1801  corrector, 
the  Garden  (1849);  Poem  of  the  Soul ;  and  in  1800  professor  at  the  Vienna  Acad- 
(1854,  series  of  18  cartoons)  ;  Virgin  and  emy.  Works :  Panorama  of  Vienna,  Brigit- 
Jesus,  Holy  Women  at  the  Tomb  ( 1859)  ;  tenau  (1790),  Imperial  Library,  Vienna; 
Daniel,  Isaiah,  Jeremiah,  Ezekiel  (1801)  ;  Gathering  in  the  Prater,  City  Library,  Vi- 
Christ  between  Virgin  and  Saints,  Ophelia  enna  ;  Scene  in  the  Prater  about  1790 ; 
(18(13) ;  Living  Man  bound  to  a  Corpse  ;  Outlook  towards  the  Landstrasse  in  Vien- 
(1805);  St.  Stephen  before  the  Sanhedrim,  na. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xiii.  709  ;  Wurzbach, 
Stoning  of  St.  Stephen  (18(i(J) ;  Madonna,  x.  90. 

Holy  Family  (18(i8)  ;  St.  Cecilia,  Virgil  JANSENIUS,  portrait,  Titian,  Palazzo 
(1809)  ;  Head  of  John  Baptist  presented  Doria,  Rome  ;  canvas,  figure  to  ankles,  life- 
to  Salome  (1872)  ;  Dante's  Dream  (1875)  ;  size.  Much  retouched. — C.  &  C.,  Titian,  ii. 
Shooting  of  Father  Caplier  (1870)  ;  Portrait  419. 

of  General  Grmeau  (1850),  Lyons  Museum.  JANSON,  JOHANNES,  born  at  Amboyna, 
— Bellier,  i.  821  ;  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (1804),  East  Indies,  April  17,  1729,  died  at  Leyden, 
xvi.  258  ;  Larousse  ;  Miiller,  280.  Aug.  1,  1784.  Landscape  and  animal  painter, 

JANXECK,  FRANZ  CHRISTOPH,  born  was  brought  to  Holland  when  eight  years  of 
at  Gratz,  Styria,  Oct.  4,  1701!,  died  in  Vien- 1  age,  became  an  engineer  officer,  but  resigned 
na  in  1701.  German  school  ;  landscape,  his  career  to  take  up  painting.  Works : 
history,  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Mathias  '  Castle  of  Hcemstede  (17C6),  Amsterdam 
Vangus,  an  artist  little  known  ;  worked  for  Museum.  By  his  son  and  pupil,  Johannes 
some  time  at  Frankfort,  and  afterwards  Christiaan  (born  at  Leyden  in  1763,  died  at 
went  to  Vienna,  where  he  became  assessor  The  Hague,  Oct.  17,  1823),  there  are  in  the 
at  the  Academy.  Works:  Wooded  Land-  same  museum  :  Woman  cutting  Bread,  Good 
scape  with  Peasants,  Forest  with  Hunts- ,  Neighbours.— Immerzeel,  ii.  77  ;  Kramm, 
men,  Museum,  Vienna  ;  Wedding,  View  in  iii.  793. 

Poland,  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  ib.;  Christ  JANSSEN,  PETER,  bom  at  Diisseldorf, 
and  the  Samaritan,  Harrach  Gallery,  ib.;  Dec.  12, 1844.  History  and  portrait  painter, 
Christ  with  God  the  Father  in  Paradise,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf  Academy  under  Bende- 
Trinity  and  Angels,  Hilly  Landscape  with  '  mann.  Having  visited  Munich,  Dresden, 
Castle,  Prague  Gallery ;  Rocky  Landscapes '  and  Holland,  he  attracted  attention  by  his 
with  Shepherds  (2),  Bruckenthal  Museum,  first  painting  in  1868.  Has  since  executed 
Hermanustadt ;  Assembly  in  a  Garden,  do.  [  decorative  pictures  in  public  buildings  at 

332 


JANSSEXS 


Crefelil,  Bremen,  Erfurt,  and  in  the  National 
Gallery  of  Berlin.  In  1877  lie  became  pro- 
fessor, and  in  1880  director,  of  the  Diissel- 
dorf  Academy.  Medals :  Ddaseldorf,  1880 ; 
Vienna,  1882  ;  Munich,  188:5.  Member  of 
Berlin  Academy,  1885.  Works :  Peter's 
Denial  (18(j8)  ;  Seven  Scenes  from  History 
of  Arminius  the  Cheruskian  (186!)-73),  City 
Hall,  Crefeld  ;  Foundation  of  Riga  (187'2), 
Exchange,  Bremen  ;  Prayer  of  the  Swiss 
before  Battle  of  Sempach  (1874)  ;  Portrait 
of  Fieldmarshal  Herwarth  vou  Bitteufcld 
(1883),  Twelve  Scenes  from  Mytli  of  Prome- 
theus (fresco),  National  (lallery,  Berlin  ; 
Battle  at  Fehrbellin  (fresco),  Arsenal,  ib.  ; 
C'yclc  from  History  of  Erfurt,  City  Hall, 
Erfurt ;  Cycle  of  Frieze  Paintings  (1885), 
Aula,  Diisseldorf  Academy. — Jordan  (1885), 
ii.  108  ;  Kunst-Clironik,  vi.  15!>  ;  vii.  'JlHi  ; 
ix.  613  ;  xii.  4118  ;  Miiller,  280. 

JANSSENS  or  JANSON,  COKNEL1S. 
See  1  'I'nlen. 

JAN'SSKNS,  H.  (Hieronyimis),  born  at 
Antwerp,  baptized  Oct.  1,  1624,  died  there, 
summer  16113.  Flemish  school  ;  genre 
painter,  pupil  of  Christoffel  Jacob  van  der 
Lamen  ;  master  of  the  guild  in  1641.  The 
pictures  by  this  artist  were  formerly  attrib- 
uted to  Victor  Honoro  Janssens,  who  was 
not  born  until  l(!l!4.  The  subjects  are  taken 
from  Flemish  court  life  of  the  times,  and 
are  treated  in  an  original,  truthful,  retined 
manner  ;  drawing  correct,  colouring  excel- 
lent. Works  :  La  Main  Chaude,  Louvre 
(attributed  to  Victor  Honore)  ;  Ball  at  Court 
(1058),  Lille  Museum  ;  Trictrac  (165'J),  La 
Main  Chaude  (1660),  M.  Le  Brim  Dalbanne, 
Paris  ;  Prince  of  Orange  (1663),  Misses  Gio- 
bens,  Antwerp  ;  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  es- 
corting Married  Couple  to  Travelling  Coach, 
Theodor  van  Lcrius,  ib. ;  Women  lighting 
about  a  Pair  of  Trousers,  Ghent  Museum  ; 
Assembly  of  Noblemen  before  a  Palace 
(1G72),  Dunkirk  Museum.—  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts 
(18G5),  xviii.  524  ;  Rooses  (Kcber),  384  ;  Van 
den  Branden,  1024. 

JANSSENS,  VICTOR  HONOHE,  born  in 
Brussels  in  1664,  died  there  in  1731).  Flem- 


ish school  ;  history  painter,  pupil  of  Lance- 
lot Voldera,  became  master  in  168'.),  then 
spent  four  years  at  the  court  of  the  Duke  of 
Holstein,  who  sent  him  to  Home,  where  ho 
stayed  eleven  years,  imitating  Albani  and 
allied  in  friendship  with  Tempesta,  in  W!IOM- 
landscapes  he  supplied  the  figures.  Re- 
turned to  Brussels,  and  executed  many  altar- 
pieces  ;  in  1718  went  to  Vienna  as  court- 
painter  to  the  Emperor  Charles  VI.,  and 
thence  to  London  in  17'Jl.  ]lis  small  his- 
torical pictures  are  superior  to  his  large 
works.  Works  :  Apparition  of  the  Virgin, 
St.  Charles  BoiTomeo,  Sacrifice  of  .-Eneas, 
Dido  building  Cartilage,  Brussels  Museum  ; 
Assembly  of  the  Gods,  Allegory  of  Events  of 
1708,  City  Hall, 


,  , 

ib.;  St.  Koch  cur-    I/  / 
ing  the  Diseased,   V  fl 


St.  Nicholas,  ib.  ; 
Venus  and  Adonis,  Copenhagen  Gallery. 
Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  llaiuande;  Immerzeel,  ii.  7'.). 
JANSSENS  VAN  NTYSSKN,  A15H.V- 
HAM,  born  in  Antwerp  in  1575,  died  there, 
buried  Jan.  25,  1632.  Flemish  school  ; 
painter  of  religious  subjects  and  allegories, 
pupil  of  Jan  Snellinck,  and  studied  in  Italy  ; 
in  1601  admitted  to  the  guild,  its  dean  in 
1606--7.  After  Rubens,  he  was  one  of  tho 
most  famous  of  the  great  Flemish  painters 
of  the  17th  century.  According  to  recent 
documentary  discoveries  tho  accounts  of  his 
enmity  against  Rubens,  and  tho  misery  into 
which  ho  fell,  are  devoid  of  truth.  Works  : 
Madonna,  Adoration  of  Magi,  River  God  of 
the  Scheldt,  Museum,  Antwerp  ;  Entoml>- 
ment,  Madonna  ami  Saints,  Carmelites,  ib.  ; 
The  Four  Fathers  of  the  Church,  Cathedral, 
ib.;  St.  Luke  painting  the  Virgin,  St.  Kom- 
bold's,  Mechlin  ;  Adoration  of  the  Shep- 
herds, Bruges  Cathedral  ;  Descent  from  the 
Cross.  Ecce  Homo,  St.  Bavon's,  Ghent; 
Miraculous  Draught  of  Fishes,  St.  Peter's, 
il>.  ;  Allegory  on  Age,  Brussels  Museum  ; 
Descent  from  Cross,  St.  Bavon's  Church, 
Ghent  ;  Meleager  and  Atalanta,  Vertumnus 
and  Pomona,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Venus  and 
Adonis,  Vienna  Museum  ;  Tobias  and  the 


JAXSSOX 


Angel,  Brunswick  Gallery  ;  Diana,  Cassel 
Gallery  ;  St.  Cecilia,  Christ  ns  Saviour,  The 
Four  Roman  Fathers  of  the  Church,  Cologne 
Museum.— Ch.  Blanc,  Eeole  namaude  ;  Cat. 
da  Mas.  (VAnvers  (1874),  213  ;  Immerzeel, 
ii.  80  ;  Kraimn,  iii.  790  ;  Michiels,  viii.  300; 
Riegel,  BeJtnige,  ii.  54  ;  Itooses  (Rebcr),  150; 
Van  den  Brandon,  478. 

JAXSSON.  KARL  EMANUEL,  born  at 
Finnstrom,  Aland,  July  7,  1840,  died  there, 
June  1,  1874.  Genre  painter,  pupil  at  Abo 
of  Ekinan  and  in  Stockholm  of  Boklund 
(1802-08),  then  until  1870  at  Diisseldorf  of 
Vautier.  Medal,  Vienna,  1873  ;  member  of 
St.  Petersburg  Academy.  Works :  Court- 
ship in  Aland  ;  A  Copper  in  the  Contribu- 
tion Box  ;  Ace  of  Clubs. — Tailor. 

JAPY,  LOUIS  AIMK,  born  at  Berne 
(Doubs);  contemporary.  Landscape  paint- 
er, pupil  of  Francois.  Medals:  1870;  3d 
class,  1873.  Works  :  Before  the  Storm  ; 
Valley  of  Nautuis  ;  Twilight ;  Spring  Land- 
scape (1873),  Corcoran  Gallery,  Washing- 
ton ;  Aurora,  Spring-time  in  the  Mountains, 
A  River  (1874);  Spring-time  in  the  Valley 
of  the  Somme,  In  the  Woods  in  April  (1878); 
Eml  of  April,  Valley  of  the  Lomont  (Is7!»); 
On  the  Plain  at  Villers  Cotterets  (1880)  ; 
Autumn  Evening  (1881)  ;  A  Morning  in 
May,  October  Evening  (1882)  ;  Moonrise, 
The  Shepherd  and  the  Sea  (1883);  After 
(he  Storm,  Morning  in  May  (1884);  Pools 
of  Bcauval,  Summer  Evening  (1885). 

JARDIN,  KAHEL  DIT,  born  in  Amster- 
dam about  1025, 
died  in  Venice, 
Nov.  20,  1078. 
Dutch  school; 
landscape  and  ani- 
mal painter,  pupil 
of  Ben- hem,  and 
perhaps  of  Paul 
Potter,  whose  style 
he  adopted.  Vis- 
ited Home  early, 
and  there  conceived 

a  preference  for  Italian  scenery.  On  his  re- 
turn from  Italy  settled  at  The  Hague,  where 


in  1G5G  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
new  guild  Pictura;  removed  to  Amsterdam  in 
1051),  whence,  after  1C70,  he  went  to  Rome, 
and  thence  to  Venice.  He  painted  also  do- 
mestic scenes,  portraits,  and  historical  sub- 
jects. His  Italian  landscapes  are  harmo- 
niously treated.  His  animals  are  true  to 
nature  and  well  drawn.  His  large  figures 
are  extremely  weak.  Works  :  Figures  and 
Animals  Resting  (1050),  Fording  the  Stream 
(1057),  Landscape  with  Cattle,  Sheep,  and 
Goats  (1073),  National  Gallery,  London  ; 
Landscapes  (4),  Buckingham  Palace ;  do. 
(1),  Bridgewater  Gallery;  do.  (2),  Lord 
Ashburton  ;  do.  (2),  Mr.  Hope's  Collection, 
London  ;  Halt  of  Horsemen  at  Italian  Inn, 
Farrier's  Shop,  National  Gallery,  Edinburgh  ; 
Calvary  (1001),  Italian  Charlatans  (1057), 
Landscapes  and  Cattle  Pieces  (0),  Male  Por- 
trait,  Louvre  ;  Italian  Landscape  (1073), 
Woman  Spinning,  Hague  Museum  ;  Peas- 
ant winnowing  Corn  (1055),  Regent-piece 
(1009),  Artist's  Portrait  (1000),  Horseman 
before  Inn,  Muleteers,  Male  Portrait,  do. 
(1070),  Landscapes  (2),  Amsterdam  Mu- 
seum ;  Italian  Landscape,  Rotterdam  Mu- 
seum ;  Vanguard,  Returning  to  Stable, 
Brussels  Museum  ;  Stirrup  Cup,  Basle 
Museum  ;  Dog  and  Horse  Studies  (2), 
Christ  on  the  Cross,  Musee  Rath,  Geneva; 
Portrait  of  Young  Man  (1052),  Tasting 
Wine  (1004),  Morning,  Evening,  Berlin 
Museum  ;  David  after  slaying  Goliath, 
Brunswick  Museum  ;  Shepherdess  Spinning, 
Carlsruhc  Gallery  ;  Mountebank  with  Dogs, 
Cassel  Gallery  ;  Allegory  on  Human  Life 
(1003),  Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Peasants  and 
Shepherds  with  Sheep  and  Goats  (?),  Darm- 
stadt Museum  ;  Diogenes  and  Boy,  Maid 
milking  Goat,  Ox  and  Goats,  Dresden  Mu- 
seum ;  Shepherd  Boy  with  Goats  and  Sheep, 
Sick  Goat  attended  by  Girls,  New  Pinako- 
thek,  Munich  ;  Parody  on  Art  Criticism 
(1077),  Animal  Piece,  Schweriu  Gallery ; 
Landscapes  with  Animals  and  Figures  (2), 
Stuttgart  Museum  ;  Herd  and  Boy,  Vienna 
Museum  ;  Landscapes  with  Cattle  (7),  Her- 
mitage, St.  Petersburg ;  Portrait,  Land- 


334 


JARDIXIfiRE 

scapes  (2),  Holy  Night,  Farm  Yard  (1007),  Cossigny     (Soine-et-Oise)  ;     contemporary. 

Historical  Society,  New  York. —  Ch.  Blaiic,  Genre  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Henri 

iScole  Lollaud-     ..                    .  Lchinann,  Hebert,  and  Merson.     Medal,  'M 

aise;   Burger,  JC  '  t\\f     /A  13  "HIM  <>1:lsSl   1ScS:!'     ^"<)rks:  Portraits  (1880);  St. 

Musees,   i.  G4,      *    '  ^  Julian  the  Hospitaller  (18815) ;  Paris,  Peace 

264;    iL    140;      K  T\  ,  .  f  A  D  T%  1/y-  (I**'-)- 

283  ;  Immcr-      fV  A/  (/  7 ArN  U  '  JEANNE  IT.VRC.     Sec  .Ixia  of  Arc. 

zeel,   ii.  81;                       J  JEANMN,    GEORGES,    born   in    Paris  ; 

Kramm,  iii.  805;  Kugler,  ii.  449;   Riege],  contemporary.     Flower  and    fruit   painter. 

Beitriigc,  ii.  385  ;  Schaefer,  ii.  :i7">.  pupil  of  Vinrelet.     Medal,   :!d  class,   l,S?s. 

JARDINIERE,    BELLE.     See    Mulonnn  Works:    Flower   Store   (1S70);    After   the 

Belle  Jardinii-ri'.  Iiain    (ls77);    \Vlieell>arrow  with   I'lowers, 

JAKENUS,  second  half  of  15th  century.  Basket  of  Flowers  (1878);  Cart  with  Flow- 
German  school.  This  name  was  first  sug-  ers.  Flower  Stall  (18711);  Shipping  of  Flow- 
gested  by  Passavant,  who  probably  read  as  ers  (1880),  Luxembourg  Museum;  Chrys- 
Jarenus  the  fragment  of  the  inscription  Jesus  antheniums  (1880)  ;  Green-house  Interior 
Nazarenus  on  a  Pieta  at  Wilton  House.  The  (ls^l):  Jour  de  Frte(l88'J|;  Parisian  (iar- 
Socst  triptych  at  Berlin  shows  the  growing  den  (l<S.s:i);  Gardener  ( iirl.  Autumn  Gather- 
influence  of  the  Flemish  school.  Works:  ing  (1HSJ);  Summer  Morning,  Apple  Study 
Triptych,  with  Scenes  from  the  Passion.  (  1SS5). 

Berlin  Museum  ;  The  two  wings  of  this  are  JKAXNIOT,     PIKIIItK     AFJ-'AANDItK, 

now  in  the  Provinzial  Museum  at  Mdnstcr. —  liorn  at  C'hamplitte  (Haute  Saone),  May  -^s, 

Kugler    (Crowe),    i.    1M  ;  Meyer,    (icmi'tlde  liS'Jii.      Landscape  and  portrait  painter,  pu 

(1.  kollgl.  Mllfl.,  430  ;  Passavant,  Kunstreise,  pil  at  Geni'va  of  Diday  and  of  Calame  :   I  >i- 

141,  40'2  ;  Itep.  f.  Kunstwissenschaft,  ii.  42'2  ;  rector   of    F.cole  des  Beaux   Arts  at    Dijon. 

Waagcn  ;  Schnaase,  viii.  370  ;  W.  \'  AV.,  ii.  Works  :  View  of  Mont  Mlanc  ( I.s.o'Ji;  \'ic\\s 

98.  in   Savoy,  Burgundy,  (Vite-d'Or.  etc.  (IS.'.T- 

JAUVIS,  JOHN  WESLEY,  born  at  South  07);  Return  of  the  Herd  (isc.s);   Portraits 

Shields -on- the -Tynp,    England,    in    17SO.  of  Himself  and  Son  (ls7'J);  Views  of  Dijon 

Brought  to   Philadelphia  by  his   father   in  Castle  (ii),  Dijon  Museum  ;  Lake  d'Annecy. 

178i>.     Portrait  painter,  chiefly  self-taught  :  Nancy  Museum. —  liellier,  i.  S-jd. 

one  of  the  earliest  of  American  painters  to  JEAN'NIOT,    1'IKUKE  GEOKGES,   born 

attend   to   the  study  of  anatomy.     Painted  at     Geneva  ;     contemporary.       Landscape, 

in  New  York  and  the  chief  Southern  cities,  genre,  ami  portrait   painter,  son   and   pupil 

where    his    portraits    were     very     popular,  of   Pierre   Alexandre   Jeanniot.      Medal,   ltd 

Works:    Governor    Fillmorc,    Commodores  class,  1KS4.     Works:   Hoar-frost  in  Park  of 

Perry,    Swift,    Hull,    Bainbridge,    McDon-  Dijon  ( 1^7"));  Stream  in  do..  Hanks  of  the 

ough,  General  Brown,  C'ity  Hall,  New  York  ;  Seine    near   Troves  (lS7<l!  ;    Summer    near 

Dr.  Alexander  Andrews,  Museum,  ib. ;  De-  Tmil   (lS7s);    Passing  the   Bi-idge  (ls7'.i); 

Witt    Clinton,    C.    D.    Colden,    Christoiiher  Derniers   Tambours   (1SS1);    Puj.il    Corpo- 

Colles,   Itev.  Dr.   Stanford,   Egbert   Benson,  rals,   Haulers  (1*8:5);  Flankers  (bSSt);  Les 

Robert  Morris,  John  Randolph,  and  others,  Pays  (188.".). 

Historical    Society,    New    York  ;   Halleck  ;  JEANUON.  PHILIPPE  Al  ( iCSTF..  born 


Bishop  Moore;  Hon.  Stephen  Van  Rens-  at  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  May  10,  1810,  died  in 
selaer.  A  head  of  Tom  Paine,  in  plaster,  the  Castle  of  Comborn  in  Conv/e,  April  10, 
by  Jarvis,  is  in  the  New  York  Historical  So-  1877.  Genre  and  history  painter,  jmj.il  of 
ciety.  — Tuckerman,  58.  Sigalon  and  Souchon.  When  appointed  by 

JEAN,  AMAN  EDMOND,  born  at  Chevry- ;  Ledru  Rollin  .luring  the  Revolution  of  1848 


JEAURAT 


director-general  of  the  national  museums, 
Le  opened  new  galleries  and  classified  pict- 
ures according  to  schools  at  the  Louvre,  and 
reorganized  many  provincial  museums.  In 
1863  he  became  director  of  the  Marseilles 
Museum.  Medals :  2d  class,  1833  ;  L.  of 
Honour,  1855  ;  Corresponding  Member  of 
Institute,  18G3.  Works:  Little  Patriots 
(1830),  Caen  Museum  ;  Smugglers  Halting, 
Workmen  on  a  Strike  (1833);  Peasants  of 
Limousin  (1834);  Blacksmiths  of  Corivze 
(1830)  ;  Criminals  collecting  Upas  Poison 
(1810) ;  Gypsies  (1846) ;  Abandoned  Har- 
bour of  Ambleteuse  (1850),  Luxembourg 
Museum  ;  Plight  into  Egypt,  Due  do  Luynes ; 
Harbour  of  Andresselles,  Establishing  the 
Telegraph  at  Cape  Gris-Ncz  (1850);  Fisher- 
men at  the  Ferry,  Susanna  (1852);  View  of 
Cape  Gris-Nez  (1853),  Boulogne  Museum  ; 
Dead  Low  Tide  (1853),  Douai  Museum  ; 
Camp  of  Equihem  (1855),  Chartres  Muse- 
um ;  Camp  of  Ambleteuse  (1855),  Aix  Mu- 
seum ;  Tintoretto  and  his  Daughter  in  the 
Campagua,  Fra  Bartolommeo,  Raphael  and 
the  Fornarina,  Sea-Birds,  Long  Absence 
(1857);  Phoenician  and  Slave  (1859);  Banks 
of  the  Seine  (1859);  Arras  Museum  ;  Valley 
of  Posavera,  Return  of  the  Fishermen,  Bat- 
tle of  Solferino,  Zouaves  by  the  Sea  (bought 
by  State),  French  Soldiers  at  Solferino, 
French  Soldiers  near  Genoa  (1SC1)  ;  Old 
Willows  of  Hycrcs,  Baths  of  Bonnettes 
(1863);  Marseilles  Lighthouse  (1864),  Notre 
Dame  de  la  Garde  and  the  Castle  of  If 
(18G5);  Pond  of  Belmont  (1868);  Cape Cou- 
roune  (186!));  Stone  Terrace  at  Comborn 
(1870);  Notre  Dame  des  Anges,  Cape  Gris- 
Nex  (1874);  Waiting,  Stubble,  Tliver  Dur- 
ance (1875)  ;  From  Genoa  to  Marseilles 
(1876);  View  in  the  Limousin,  Lille  Mu- 
seum ;  Portrait  of  Mirabeau,  Versailles  Mu- 
seum.—L'Art  (1877),  vi.  189  ;  (1878),  ix. 
96  ;  Bellier,  i.  827  ;  Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (1865), 
xix.  24,  535  ;  Larousse. 

JEAURAT,  ETIENNE,  born  in  Paris, 
Feb.  8,  1G99,  died  in  Versailles,  Dec.  14, 
1789.  French  school.  Genre  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Vleughels,  whom  he  accompanied  to 


Rome  when  that  painter  was  appointed  di- 
rector of  the  French  Academy  in  that  city 

(1724).  On  his  re- 
turn to  France, 
he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the 
Academy,  and 
produced  pictures 
of  great  merit. 
Man}'  of  his  works 
have  been  en- 
graved.  Member 
Academy  1733; 
professor,  1743  ; 
rector,  1765  ;  chancellor,  1781  ;  custodian 
of  the  Versailles  Gallery.  Works  :  Diana 
and  Acta-on,  Esau  and  Jacob  (1737) ;  Di- 
ana Resting  (1738) ;  Departure  of  Achilles 
(1738),  Cambrai  Museum  ;  Boy  Playing  with 
Syringe  (1739);  Daplmis  and  Chloe  (1741); 
Seamstress,  Woman  in  Confinement,  After- 
noon, Taking  Harlots  to  the  Hospital,  Paint- 
er Moving,  Village  Wedding,  Painter's  Stu- 
dio, Diogenes  breaking  his  Bowl  (1747), 
Louvre  ;  Achilles  going  to  avenge  Patroclus, 
Two  Savoyards,  Woman  dressing  Salad 
(1753);  An  Arrest  (1755);  Lemon  Trees  of 
Javotte  (1763);  Wine-Press  in  Burgundy, 
Peasant  Women  keeping  a  Vigil  (1769); 
Cook  returning  from  Market,  Besaneon  Mu- 
seum ;  Christ  giving  the  Keys  to  St.  Peter, 
Kitchen  Interior,  Van- 
clyck  (attrib.),  Male 
Portrait  (attrib.),  Or- 
leans Museum ;  Famil- 
iar Scene  (1774),  Her- 
mitage, St.  Petersburg. 
—Bellier,  i.  828  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  ficole  franchise  ; 
Wurzbach,  Fr.  Maler  des  xviii.  Jahrh.,  32  ; 
Larousse. 

JEBENS,  ADOLPH,  born  at  Elbiug, 
WTest-Prussia,  March  19,  1819.  Portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Berlin  Academy,  and,  1836- 
39,  in  Paris  of  Delaroche  ;  afterward  visited 
Paris  again  and  Italy.  In  1845-63  he 
painted  in  St.  Petersburg  large  military 
portraits  for  the  Czars  Nicholas  and  Alexan- 
der ;  since  1863  in  Berlin.  Member  of  St. 


JKIIAX 


Petersburg  Academy.— Leixner,  D.  moil.  K., 
L  23  ;  Mailer,  281. 

JEHAN  DE  PAULS.     Sec  P.-rnnl. 

JEHANNET,  MAITUK,  See  Cl-m.-t. 

JELGERHUIS  RIENKSZ,  JOHANNES, 
bom  at  Leeuwarden,  Sept.  24,  1770,  died  at 
Amsterdam,  Oct.  6,  1836.  Landscape  and 
city  views  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Rienk 
Jelgerhuis  (1729-1806),  and  pupil  of  Pieter 
Barbiers,  the  younger  ;  became  an  actor  in 
1806.  Works  :  Gate  of  Leydeii  -it  Amster- 
dam (1813);  Publisher's  Warehouse,  ib. 
(1820);  View  of  Delft  (1820);  Little  Fish- 
Market  at  Amsterdam  (1828),  Amsterdam 
Museum. — Immerzeel,  ii.  84  ;  Kramm,  iii. 
80!). 

JENA,  BATTLE  OF,  Horace  Vcnicl,  Ver- 
sailles  Museum.  Battle  fought  Oct.  1 1, 
1806.  In  centre,  Napoleon,  Berthier,  Murat : 
at  right,  the  Imperial  Guard.  The  Em- 
peror, observing  that  his  wings  were  men- 
aced by  cavalry,  galloped  forward  to  give 
orders.  Some  of  the  Imperial  Guard,  im- 
patient of  inaction,  cried  out,  "En  avant !  " 
Napoleon,  hearing  the  words,  rebuked  them, 
saying  :  "  It  must  be  some  beardless  young 
man  who  thus  seeks  to  prejudge  my  actions. 
Let  him  wait  until  he  has  commanded  in 
thirty  battles  before  he  pretends  to  give  me 
advice."  Painted  in  1836.  Engraved  by 
Friley. — Gal.  de  Versailles,  iv.  No.  812. 

JENKINS,  JOSEPH  JOHN,  born  in  Lon- 
don in  1811,  died  there  in  1885.  Genre 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  the  engraver  D. 
Jenkins  ;  joined  the  new  society  of  painters 
in  water  colours  in  1842,  seceded  from  it 
and  became  in  1850  an  associate  and  in  18.">1 
a  member  of  the  older  society,  of  which  lie 
was  the  secretary  in  1854-64.  Works  :  Go- 
ing with  the  Stream  ;  Going  against  the 
Stream  ;  Both  Sides  of  the  Channel  ;  Happy 
Time  ;  Sleeping  Companions  ;  Love,  Royal 
Collection,  London  ;  Shrimpers,  South  Ken- 
sington Museum,  ib. 

JENOUDET,  PAUL  LOUIS,  born  at  Ly- 
ons ;  contemporary.  History  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  the  ficole  des  Beaux  Arts, 
at  Lyons,  of  Felix  Clement,  Guntave  Bou- 


langer,  and  Jules  Lefebvre.  Medal,  3d  class, 
( 1883.  Works;  Portraits  (1878-82);  Novem- 
ber (1883);  Cyane  (1884);  Judith  meditat- 
ing Delivery  of  Bethulia  (1885). 

JENSEN,  CHRISTIAN  ALBRECHT.born 
at  Bredsted,  Souk-swig,  June  26,  171)2,  died 
at  Copenhagen,  July  13,  1S70.  Portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen  Academy, 
where  he  won  a  medal  iu  1S14,  studied  at 
Koine  and  Venice  in  1818,  and  in  the  year 
following  copied  at  Dresden  Raphael's  Ma- 
donna and  Titian's  Venus.  Member  of  Co- 
penhagen Academy  in  1*24  ;  Professor  in 
1835.  Works  ;  Portrait  of  Artist's  Mother; 
Male  Portrait,  Gallery,  Copenhagen  ;  Por- 
trait of  Painter  Frit/.sch,  Thorvaldsen  Mu- 
seum, il>.  -\Vcilbach,  :i'J'_'. 

JENSKN,  JOHAN  LAUiKNTS,  born  at 
Gjentofte,  Copenhagen,  March  8,  180(1,  died 
there,  March  26,  1X56.  Flower  and  still- 
life  painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen  Academy 
under  Frit/.soh,  where  lie  won  medals  in 
IS  17  and  IS  IK,  went  in  1S22  to  Paris,  and 
thence  to  Sevres,  where  be  studied  porcelain 
painting  ;  visited  Rome  and  Naples.  Mem- 
ber of  Copenhagen  Academy  in  1S25.  He 
also  painted  kitchen-pieces.  Works  :  Dead 
Game  (1847);  Fruits  and  Flowers  (2),  Co- 
penhagen Gallery  ;  Flowers  and  Blossoms, 
Kunsthalle,  Hamburg. — Weilbach,  326. 

JKNT/EN,  FRIEDRICH,  born  in 
Schwerin,  June  13,  is  15.  Architecture 
painter,  pupil  of  Berlin  Academy  under 
Gropius  and  Kraus;  then  studied  architect- 
ure for  three  years  in  Munich  ;  taught 
drawing  at  the  court  of  Mecklenburg  ;  visit- 
ed Italy  in  1855.  Works:  Cloister  in  Mon- 
astery of  Steingaden  (1846),  View  in  Stifts- 
kirche  at  Quedlinburg  (1847),  Magdeburg 
Cathedral,  Interior  of  Schwerin  Cathedral 
(1878),  Grand  Ducal  Palace  at  Schwerin 
(1881),  Schwerin  Gallery  ;  Interior  of  Church 
in  Schwerin  Palace  ;  Cloister  by  Torchlight  ; 
do.  by  Moonlight;  View  near  Gerolstein  ; 
Beilstein  on  the  Moselle  ;  Courtyard  of  Hei- 
delberg Castle  in  Winter  ;  Corridor  of  City 
Hall  in  Lflbeck.—  Miiller,  282. 

JEREMIAH,    Washington    Allston,   Yale 


337 


.TKUEAIIAII 


College  Gallery  ;  canvas,  H.  7  ft.  X  (!  ft. 
Jeremiah,  full-length,  seated  in  the  court  of 
the  prison,  dietatingMs  prophecy  of  the  Ml  of 

Jerusalem  to  Baruch  the  Scribe,  who  sits  at 
his  feet  (Jer.  i.  17,  18).  Painted  about  1820; 


Jtremiah,  Washington  Allston,  Yylo  College  Gallery. 

belonged  t.o  Miss  Gibbs,  of  Newport,  of 
whom  bought  for  £7,000  by  Professor  Morse 
and  presented  to  Yale  College. 

By  Michtilaityclo,  Sistine  Chapel,  Rome  ; 
fresco  on  ceiling. 

JEREMIAH  AT  THE  TALL  OF  JERU- 
SALEM, Eduard  lleiulemann,  National  Gal- 
lery, Berlin  ;  canvas,  H.  1:5  ft.  7  in.  x  1C  ft. 
'.)  iu.  Signed  and  dated,  Diisseldorf,  1S72. 
In  the  foreground  the  prophet  ill  speechless 
grief  sitting  among  the  ruins  ;  at  his  side, 
Baruch,  kneeling  iu  prayer  ;  at  right,  a  group 
of  despairing  women  and  children  from 
whom  a  Babylonian  warrior  has  snatched  a 
bag  ;  iu  the  middle,  Nebuchadnezzar  in  royal 
attire  upon  his  chariot  accompanied  by  fe- 
male satellites,  preceded  by  the  army  laden 
with  booty  ;  behind  him,  the  blind  king 
Zcdckiah,  feeling  his  way  with  liis  staff,  sur- 
rounded by  women  and  followed  by  priests 
with  the  ark  of  the  covenant ;  iu  the  back- 


ground, left,  the  smoking  ruins  of  the  tem- 
ple.—Jordan  (1885),  i.  11. 

JERICHAU,  HARALD  (ADOLF  NIKO- 
LAJ),  born  in  Copenhagen,  Aug.  17,  1852, 
died  in  Rome,  March  G,  1878.  Landscape 
painter,  sou  of  the  sculptor  Jens  Adolf  and 
of  Elizabeth  Jerichau  ;  pupil  of  his  mother, 
then  in  Rome  of  Beuouville,  but  studied 
chiefly  from  nature,  travelling  in  Switzer- 
land, Greece,  Turkey,  and  Asia  Minor. 
Works  :  Pontc  Molle,  View  from  Velletri 
(1870);  Coast  of  Sorrento  ;  Caravan  of  Sar- 
des,  Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  The  Acropolis  at 
Athens,  Greek  Convent  on  Isle  of  Paros 
(1874).— Ulustr.  Tidende  (1878),  No.  971  ; 
Weilbach,  3:iO;  Sigurd  MUller,  178. 
JERICHAU-BAUMANN,  ELISABETH, 
born  in  \Yarsaw,  Nov. 
21,  1819,  died  in  Co- 
penhagen, July  11, 
1881.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  in  Diisseldorf  of 
Karl  Sohn  and  Stilke ; 
went  in  1845  to  Rome, 
where  she  married 
the  Danish  sculptor 
Jerichau,  whom  she 
accompanied  to  Co- 
agen.  In  1852  she  visited  England, 
|  France,  and  Russia,  and  afterwards  Rome, 
Greece,  Constantinople,  Asia  Minor,  and 
Egypt.  Member  of  Copenhagen  Academy, 
18(11.  Works:  Young  Bride  going  to  Church 
(1840),  Polish  Mother  with  Children  leaving 
their  Destroyed  Home  (1844),  Raczynski 
Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Polish  Peasant  Family  re- 
turning to  Ruins  of  Burnt  House  (1844), 
j  Lord  Lansdowne,  London ;  Girls  at  the 
Well  in  Ariccia  (1845);  Portrait  of  her  Hus- 
band (1840),  Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Peasant 
Girl  reading  Bible,  Girl  playing  with  Sheep, 
Carnival  Scenes,  Home  Devotion,  Allegory 
of  Denmark  (1847);  Stranded;  Orphans; 
Finis  Polouiue  ;  Danish  Fisherman  ;  Ice- 
landic Girl  (1852),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg ; 
Wounded  Soldier  nursed  by  his  Betrothed 
1  (18CO),  Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Portraits  of 
the  Brothers  Grimm  ;  Hans  Christian  An- 


pen 


sas 


JEUNJIIO 


dersen  reading  his  Fairy  Tales  to  a  Child  ;  JERNDORFF,  AUGUST  ANDREAS, 
Shipwrecked  on  Coast  of  Jutland;  Italian  born  at  Oldenburg,  Jan.  24, 1840.  History, 
Fishermen  on  Mediterranean;  Harem  in  landscape,  and  portrait  painter,  son  of  Just 
Constantinople  (1875) ;  Christian  Martyrs  in  Ulrik  JerndorfY  (180(1-47,  landscape  and 
Catacombs  at  Rome. — Art  Journal  (IS(iii),  portrait  painter,  court-painter  at  Oldenburg), 
1G8;  (1871),  !<;.">;  Illustr.  Zcitg.  (18S1),  ii.  pupil  of  his  uncle  Just  Holm  (born  in  18i:>). 
103;  Kunst-Chronik,  xvii.  1(50  ;  Sigurd  Mill-  of  Christian  Hetsch,  of  Copenhagen  Acad- 
ler,  Ifi8  ;  W.  M filler,  Diisseldf.  K.  313 ;  Weil-  |  emy,  and  of  Skovgaard  ;  visited  Germany. 
bach,  334  ;  Wiegmann,  -•>*.  Tyrol,  and  Venice  in  ls7~>,  (lion  went  to 

Rome,  and  in  1878  to  Paris.     After  las  r,  - 
turn  lie  was  entrusted  with  the  restoration 


of  Constantin  Hanscn's  frescos 


the 


versity  of  Copenhagen.     Me<l:il.  ls71. 


Uni- 
Hon- 


JERICHO,  BLIND  MEN  OF  (Matt,  xx.), 
Nicolas  1'uiiaitin,  Louvre  :  canvas.  H.  3  ft.  11 
in.  x  5  ft.  it  in.  At  right,  Christ,  coming  out  of 
Jericho  with  Peter,  James,  and  John,  touches 
the  eyes  of  one  of  the  blind 
men  kneeling  before  him  ; 
at    Jesus's    right,    several 
men  looking  on  in  aston- 
ishment,   and    further   on, 
a  woman   with  a   child  in 
her  arms  ;  in  back-ground, 
fine   buildings,    behind 
which  rises  a  wooded  moun- 
tain.    Painted    in   1(151  ; 
Collection    of   Louis  XIV. 
Engraved  by   L.    Audran  ; 
G.    Chasteau  ;    E.    Picart ; 
F.  Gamier  ;  Mecon. — Cat. 
Louvre  ;  Filhol,  x.  PI.  (i.")"). 

JERNBERG,  AUGUST, 
born  in  Stockholm,  Sept. 
l(i,  1821!.  Genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Stockholm  Acad- 
emy. In  1851  studied  and  settled  in  Diis-  ourable  mention,  Paris,  1878.  Works  : 
seldorf.  After  painting  scenes  from  Swed-  Street  in  Country  Town  (18M);  Episode  in 
ish  history,  took  up  genre,  especially  village  Exodus  of  Israelites  (1871):  Cain  before 
scenes,  which  he  represents  in  a  verv  real  is-  the  Lord  after  the  Death  of  Abel  (1*71). 
tic  manner  and  with  great  humour.  Paints  Aarhus  Museum  ;  Christ  and  the  Children 
also  excellent  still-life  pieces.  Works:  Do-  (IS":!):  View  of  Roskilde  Fjord,  Shore  of  a 
mestic  Happiness,  The  Clarinettist.  The  Creek  (1874);  The  Deluge  (1S77);  Sunset 
Broken  Pipe,  Stockholm  Museum  ;  Kitchen  in  Venice  (187!));  Christ  among  the  Roman 
Interior  (1870);  Preparations  for  the  Fes-  Soldiers  (1880) ;  Summer  Landscape  (1881) ; 
tival  (1874);  Persuasion;  Letter-Writer;  Triptych  with  Christ  before  the  High  Priest 
First  Walk  to  School;  Bear  at  the  Fair;  (1883*).— Sigurd  Mdller,  180. 
Grandfather  as  Nurse;  Harvest  in  West-  JEROME,  ST.,  Lorenzo  I.a/l.i,  Louvre; 
phalia  ;  Sunday  Afternoon;  Council  Meet-  wood,  H.  1  ft.  11  in.  -1  ft.  4  in.;  signed. 


-.-•"       ••-••- 


nil    Mi-n    i>(   Jt-Mi  ho,    Nicnl.is    Pou 


ing,   Market-Day   in   Dfisseldorf.     His   son   dated 


The  Saint,  kneeling  in  a  rocky 


Olaf,  a  talented   landscape,  painter,  received    landscape,  strikes  his  breast  with  one  hand 
medals  in  London  in  1878-79. — Mfiller.  28!!.    while  holding  a  crucifix  in  the  other;    at 


JEROME 


left,  a  cavern,  a  hermit,  and  a  lion  ;  in  dis- 
tance, a  horseman  at  foot  of  a  mountain. 
Acquired  in  1857  for  995  francs  at  Marct 
sale. — Villot,  Cat.  Louvre. 

By  Tintoretto,  Vienna  Museum  ;  canvas, 
H.  4  ft.  G  in.  x  3  ft.  2  in.     St.  Jerome,  read- ' 
ing.     The  Saint,  seated  in  a  cavern,  reads  a 
hook  placed  on  his  knee,  and  presses  a  cru- 


Maravigli,    i.    267;    C.    &   C.,    Titian,    ii. 
333. 

By  Titian,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft.  8  in. 
X  3  ft:  4  in.  The  Saint,  old  and  bearded, 
kneeling  before  a  crucifix  fastened  to  the 
trunk  of  a  tree.  Painted  probably  about 
1531.  Replica,  painted  for  Marquis  of  Man- 
tua (1531),  has  disappeared.  Many  copies, 
with  changes.  Collection  of 
Louis  XJV. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil., 
vii.  440  ;  C.  &  C.,  Titian,  i.  348, 
351  ;  Landon,  Musee,  2d  Col., 
ii.  PI.  5. 

By  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  Vati- 
can, Rome  ;  wood,  H.  3  ft.  4  in. 
x  2  ft.  5  in.  The  Saint,  kneel- 
ing in  a  grotto,  with  the  lion 
by  his  side.  Sketch  in  grisaille ; 
about  1480-83.  Belonged  to 
Cardinal  Fesch,  who  had  only 
the  head  of  the  Saint,  which 
had  been  cut  out  of  the  panel  ; 
but  he  found  the  rest  at  a  deal- 
er's in  Rome,  and  joined  the 
parts.  Preparatory  drawings 
for  this  picture  in  Windsor  Col- 
lection.— Richter,  Leonardo,  10 ; 
Clement,  341 ;  Burckhardt,  G27. 
-JEROME,  ST.,  COMMUN- 
ION OF,  Agostiuo  Carracci, 
Bologna  Gallery  ;  canvas,  H.  10 
ft,  9  in.  x  C  ft,  5  in.  The  dying 
St.  Jerome,  kneeling,  under  a 
Corinthian  portico,  receives  his 
last  communion  in  the  presence 
of  several  priests  and  other  spec- 


Communion  of  St.  Jerome,  Agostmo  Carfacci,  Bologna  Gallery. 

cifix  to  his  bosom.     A  lion  crouches  at  his 


tators.      Painted  for  Church  of 

.     .  . 

the  Certosim,  Bologna  ;  carried 
to  Paris  in  179(5  ;  returned  in  1815.     Agos- 
feet  ;  to  left,  glimpse  of  a  landscape.  tino's  masterpiece,  and  one  of  the  best  pic- 

By  Titian,  Brera,  Milan  ;  wood,  arched  at   hires  in  Bologna.     Engraved  by  Fr.  Paria  ; 
top,  H.  7ft.  4  in.  x  4  ft.  4  in.;  signed.     St. 
Jerome,   bearded  and  bald,   with  the   lion 
on  the  right.     Painted  in  15G3  for  S.  M. 


G.  Trabalesi  ;   G.   Guadagnini.  —  Lanzi,   iii. 

70  ;  Landon,   Musi'e,   ii.   PL  24  ;  Pinac.  di 

Bologna,  PI.  58. 

By  Dnmenichinn,  Vatican,  Rome  ;  signed, 

II.,  with  lion  on  the  left,  in  the  Escorial.  dated  1014.  The  dying  Saint,  half  nude, 
Small  copy  of  original,  of  17th  century,  sustained  by  three  men,  at  the  foot  of  an 
in  Accademia  di  S.  Luca,  Rome.  —  Ridolfi,  'altar,  in  a  building  adorned  with  Corinthian 


Nuova,  Venice.      Replica,  made  for  Philip 


340 


JEROME 


columns  and  pierced  by  an  arcade  opening  By  Parmigianinn,  National  Gallery,  Lon- 
on  a  landscape,  attempts  to  join  his  trem-  don;  wood,  H.  11  ft.  (!  in.  x4  ft.  11  in. 
bling  hands  to  receive  the  Host  which  St.  The  Virgin  and  Child  in  glory  ;  below,  St. 
Ephraim  of  Syria  extends  to  him  on  a  gold-  John  Baptist  pointing  upwards,  as  announe- 
en  patine  ;  the  deacon,  in  a  ilalmatica,  holds  ing  Christ,  and  St.  Jerome  sleeping  Painted 
the  chalice,  and  in  front,  a  young  clerk  |  at  Home  in  1527,  by  order  of  Maria  Bnfo- 
kneels  with  a  closed  book  in  his 
hands  ;  in  background,  St.  Paul- 
ina, kneeling,  kisses  the  hand  of 
the  Saint,  while  two  other  per- 
sons, one  wearing  a  turban,  stand 
behind  ;  in  foreground,  left,  the 
lion,  the  Saint's  faithful  compan- 
ion, lies  with  his  head  on  his 
paws  ;  above,  a  group  of  four 
angels.  Painted  for  50  Roman 
crowns  for  a  priest,  who  present- 
ed it  to  the  Church  of  S.  Cli- 
rolamo  della  Carita.  It  excited 
violent  criticism,  Guido,  Lan- 
frauco,  and  the  Chevalier  d'Ar- 
pino  accusing  Domeuichino  of 
having  copied  the  picture  of 
Agostino  Carracci.  Poussin  de- 
clared it  one  of  thethree  best  pic- 
tures in  Koine,  ranking  it  with 
Raphael's  Transfiguration  and 
Volterra's  Descent  from  the 
Cross.  Taken  to  Paris  (1729)  ; 
returned  in  1815.  Engraved  by 
F.  Perrier  ;  Cesare  Testa ;  J. 
Frey  (1729)  ;  B.  Farjat  (1702)  ; 
Alex.  Tardieu  ;  Chataigner,  and 
others. — Vatioano  descritto,  i. 
PL  28  ;  Larousse,  iv.  755  ;  Ch. 
Blanc,  Ecole  bolonaisc;  Landon, 
(Euvres ;  Filhol,  vii.  PI.  433. 

JEROME,  ST.,  VISION  OF, 
Gitercinu,  Louvre  ;  copper,  H.  1 
ft.  4  in.  x  1  ft.  7  in.  St.  Jerome, 

lyillg     011     a     mat       111      a      grOttO,  Communion  of  St    Jeromo,  Dom.mchmo.  Vat.c.n    Rome. 

awakes  in  terror  on  hearing  the  sound  of  lina,  for  S.  Salvatoro  del  Laura,  in  Citta  di 
the  last  trump,  which  is  blown  by  an  angel.  Castello.  Probably  the  picture  which  so 
Near  him  are  two  books  and  a  skull.  Be-  engrossed  the  painter  that  he  knew  nothing 
longed  to  Comte  de  Brienne  in  1CG2  ;  bought  of  the  sack  of  Rome  by  the  troops  of  the 
in  1685  for  Louis  XIV.  Engraved  by  Nico-  Constable  de  Ifcuirhnn  till  some  soldiers 
let;  F.  Chauveau  ;  Pasqualini. — Villot,  Cat.  burst  into  his  room.  It  was  sold  after  tlie 
Louvre  ;  Muw'e  frauyais  ;  Filhol,  x.  PI.  712.  earthquake  of  1790  to  M.  Duruo  ;  afterward 


r  .  \A,i  .  '/,fV  •/<    />.^>  /(T     v-Jfo 


JERRIGII 


to  Mr.  Hart  Davis  for  £6,000,  and  finally 
presented  to  National  Gallery.     Engraved; 
by  G.   Bonassone.—  Waagen,   Treasures,   i. 
330  ;  Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  v.  224 ;  Eichtcr,  64. 

JERRIGH,  E.,  born  in  Flanders,  10th 
century.  History  and  portrait  painter, 
studied  in  Antwerp,  and  spent  the  greater 
part  of  his  life  in  Cologne,  where  he  stood 
in  high  repute,  and  where  Johann  von  Achen 
was  apprenticed  to  him  in  1508.  Work, 
Annunciation  (1001),  Cologne  Museum.— 
Merlo,  Nachrichten,  211  ;  Tan  Marnier,  ii. 
134 

JERSEY  LILY,  Sir  John  Everett  Mi/liii*, 
H.  Mfirtyn  Kennard,  Esq.,  England;  canvas, 
H.  3  ft.*0  in.  x  2  ft.  !)  in.  Portrait  of  Mrs. 
Langtry,  three-quarters  length,  three-quar- 
ters view  to  left,  in  a  black  silk  dress.  Royal 
Academy,  1S7S.  Engraved  by  T.  ().  Bar- 
low. 

JERUSALEM,  DESTRUCTION  OF, 
Willielm  von  KanUxicli,  New  Museum,  Ber- 
lin ;  mural  painting,  staircase  hall.  Above 
the  burning  Temple  appear  in  the  clouds 
the  prophets  of  the  Old  Testament,  while 
Titns  enters  the  destroyed  city  ;  the  High 
Priest,  standing  among  the  flying  multi- 
tude, kills  himself ;  at  left,  demons  flogging 
the  Wandering  Jew  ;  at  right,  a  congrega- 
tion of  Christians  peacefully  leaving  the 
city. 

JERVAS,  CHARLES,  born  in  Ireland 
about  1075,  died  in  London,  Nov.  2,  1739. 
Pupil  of  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller,  and  a  pleasing 
painter  in  the  vigorous  style  of  the  school 
to  which  ho  belonged.  A  Dr.  Clark,  for 
whom  he  copied  Raphael's  Cartoons  in  lit- 
tle, sent  him  to  France  and  Italy  to  study  ' 
art.  After  his  return  he  married  a  rich  j 
widow,  frequented  the  society  of  Pope  and 
Addison,  and  filled  the  office  of  court-painter 
to  George  I.  and  George  II.  He  paid  a  sec- 
ond visit  to  Italy  the  year  before  his  death. 
His  portraits  of  Queen  Caroline,  Pope,  and 
Martha  Blount,  the  Duchess  of  Queensbury, 
and  Dean  Swift,  are  in  the  National  Portrait 
Gallery.  There  is  a  second  portrait  of  Pope 
by  him  at  Lansdowue  House,  aud  one  of ' 


Newton  at  the  Royal  Society. — W.  B.  S. 
Taylor,  Fine  Arts  in  Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land ;  Redgrave. 

JESUS,  HISTORY  OF,  Sistine  Chapel, 
Vatican  ;  a  series  of  frescoes  on  the  light 
wall,  each  having  a  typical  reference  to  a 
corresponding  picture  opposite,  from  the 
life  of  Moses.  1.  Baptism  of  Christ,  by  Pie- 
tro  Perugino.  2.  The  Temptation,  or  Christ 
overcoming  the  Power  of  Satan,  by  Sandro 
Botticelli.  3.  Calling  of  the  Apostles  from 
the  Lake  of  Gennesareth,  by  Domenico  Ghir- 
landajo.  4.  Christ  preaching  on  the  Mount, 
by  Cosimo  Rosselli.  5.  Christ's  Charge  to 
Peter,  by  Pictro  Perugino.  0.  Last  Sup- 
per, by  Cosimo  Rosselli.  7.  Resurrection, 
by  Domenico  Ghirlandajo. — Kugler  (East- 
lake),  i.  230. 

By  Raphael.     See  liaphad's  Bible. 

.IKSUS,  SLEEP  OF,  Annibale  Garracci, 
Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  1  ft.  3  in.  x  1  ft.  G  in. 
The  Virgin  sustains  Jesus,  who  is  sleeping 
upon  a  table  covered  with  a  cloth,  and 
makes  a  sign  to  St.  John,  who  is  about  to 
touch  the  Child,  not  to  disturb  him.  Col- 
lection of  Louis  XIV.  Engraved  by  E.  Pi- 
cart  (1081) ;  Poilly  ;  Reindel ;  Richomme  ; 
Hainxelmann. — Musce  royal,  i. ;  Filhol,  iv. 
PI.  242  ;  Landon,  Musee,  ii.  PI.  22. 

By  Bernardino  Luini,  Louvre  ;  wood,  H. 
3  ft.  3  in.  x  2  ft.  4  in.  The  Virgin,  stand- 
ing, with  Jesus  asleep  in  her  arms  ;  at  left, 
an  angel  offering  a  cloth  to  cover  him  ;  be- 
hind, two  other  angels,  one  holding  a  roll, 
the  other  a  cushion.  Collection  of  Louis 
XIV.  Attributed  formerly  to  Solario  and 
to  school  of  Leonardo  da  Vinci. — Villot,  Cat. 
Louvre. 

JETTEL,  EUGEN,  born  at  Jolmsdorf, 
Moravia,  March  20,  1845.  Landscape  paint- 
er, pupil  in  Vienna  of  Albert  Zimmermann  ; 
travelled  in  France,  Italy,  and  Hungary,  and 
has  for  some  years  worked  in  Paris  under 
the  influence  of  the  modern  French  school. 
Gold  medal  in  Munich  (1809).  Works: 
Wood  Landscape  in  the  Ramsau  ;  Hintersee 
(1809),  Vienna  Academy  ;  Mountain  Forest, 
View  near  Dieppe  (1870) ;  Herd  by  the 


342 


JEWISH 


Water,  Views  in  Bavaria.  At  Dieppe,  Road 
in  Holland  (1875);  Birch  Trees  in  Holland, 
Plateau  tie  Bclle-Croix  (1877);  Swamp  in 
North  Holland,  Bathers  on  River-Bank 
(1878);  Turf-Pit  in  Holland  (187'J);  Marshes 
in  Holland  (1881);  Canal  and  River  Views 
(3,  1884).— Miiller,  283  ;  Zeitsehr.  f.  b.  K., 
viii.  (Mittheilungen,  i.  3D). 

JEWISH  BRIDE  (Fianet'e  Juive),  li>-m- 
lirandt,  Amsterdam  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  3 
ft.  10  in.  xij  ft.  4  in. ;  signed.  A  man,  in 
yellow  dress  and  mantle,  and  black  hat, 
stands  with  his  left  hand 
on  the  shoulder  of  a  woman 
dressed  in  red,  with  jewels, 
pearls,  and  lace  on  her 
arms  and  neck.  Nothing 
to  justify  calling  it  Jew- 
ish ;  surmised  to  be  por- 
traits of  Rembrandt  and 
his  wife.  Painted  about 
1000  ;  in  his  last  manner. 
De  Heer  Vaillant  Collec- 
tion, Amsterdam  (182")), 
5,000  florins.  —  Van  der 
Hoop  Cat. ;  Mollett,  Rem- 
brandt, 73  ;  Vosniacr,  300, 
4'J1 ;  Smith,  vii.  144. 

JIMENEZ,  LUIS,  born 
in  Seville,  Spain,  June  21, 
1845.  Genre  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Eduardo  Cano  ;  re- 
moved in  1875  to  Paris. 
Works:  Drummers  of  the  Republic  (1877); 
A  Putio  in  Seville  (1878);  Music  at  the  Inn 
(187!))  ;  Anteroom  of  a  Minister  in  18th 
Century  (1880);  Young  Girls  to  Marry 
(1881);  Master's  Visit  (1882);  Expecting 
the  Cardinal  (1882)  ;  Competition  on  the 
Violin,  At  Tea  (1883)  ;  Chorus  Rehearsal 
(1884);  Old  Bachelor  (1885).— La  Ilustra- 
cion  (1880),  ii.  251  ;  (1882),  ii.  251  ;  (1883), 
ii.  130. 

JIMENEZ  Y  ARANDA,  JOSE,  born  in 
Seville,  Spain,  in  1832.  Genre  painter, 
brother  of  above,  pupil  of  Seville  line  arts 
school ;  was  in  Rome  from  1872  to  1875, 
when  ho  established  himself  ill  Seville. 


Medal,  2d  class,  Munich,  1883.  Works: 
Boutique  of  Eigaro  (1875),  W.  T.  Walters, 
Baltimore  ;  The  Morning  Rosary  ;  Sermon 
in  Courtyard  of  Seville  Cathedral  (18711); 
Emotions  of  a  Cogida,  Accident  at  Bull- 
light,  Book-Lovers  (18SO);  Botanist,  An  Af- 
ternoon at  Seville  (1881);  Old  Castilian  ; 
Reading  the  Newspaper  (1882);  Consulta- 
tion at  the  Lawyer's,  Invalids  of  the  First 
Republic,  Orchestra  Rehearsal  of  an  Anthem 
(1884);  News  from  Scene  of  War  (1885).  - 
La  llustraciou  (1880),  ii.  83  ;  (1881),  i.  'Jl, 


Sleep  of  Jesus,  Annibalc  Carracci,  Louvre. 

'2li~;  (1882),  i.  (',,  371  ;  (1881),  ii.  '.18.  1711, 
•2'M,  315  ;  (1885),  ii.  202  ;  Xeitschr.  f.  b.  K  . 
xix.  317. 

JIMENEZ  Y  HERNANDEZ,  Don  FED- 
ERICO,  born  in  Spain  ;  contemporary. 
Animal  painter,  especially  of  poultry,  which 
he  represents  humourously.  Works:  Eagle 
and  Beetle,  Poultry  Yard,  Will  He  Come 
In?  (1881);  Attack  and  Defense  (1882); 
General  Dispersion  (1883)  ;  Judgment  of 
Paris,  Mother  and  Children  (1884).— La  II- 
ustracion  (1881),  ii.  82;  (1882),  ii.  GO;  (1883), 
ii.  302;  (1884),  ii.  355. 

JOAN   OF  ARC,   />WiVn-Lepage,  Erwin 

,  Davis,  New  York.     The  heroine,  represent- 


JOAX 


ed  as  a  peasant  girl,  standing  under  the 
trees,  gazing  upward  with  a  rapt  expression; 
behind,  in  the  clouds,  are  spectral  figures 
illustrating  different  phases  of  her  career. 
Never  engraved. 

By  Sir  John  Everett  Millai*,  Bart.,  W.  C. 
Quil'tcr,  Esq.,  M.P.;  canvas,  H.  2  ft.  7  in.  x 
2  ft.  Represented  at  the  crisis  of  her  fate, 
clad  in  armour,  and  kneeling,  lloyal  Acad- 
emy, 18G5. 

JOAN  OF  ARC  AT  CORONATION  OF 
CHARLES  VII.,  Pierre  Charles  t_'»mtc., 
Reims  Museum.  As  the  king,  crowned  and 
with  his  sceptre,  descends  the  steps  of  the 
altar,  in  the  midst  of  the  cardinals,  bishops, 
and  dignitaries  of  the  realm,  Joan,  wearing 
a  cuirass  and  a  white  mantle,  and  bearing 
the  Oriflamme,  kneels  to  him.  Salon,  1861  ; 
Universal  Exposition,  18G7. — Larousse,  vi. 
114. 

By  Dominique  I»r/rci>,  Versailles  Museum. 
Standing  on  the  steps  of  the  altar  of  the 
Cathedral  of  Reims,  in  full  armour,  bearing 
in  one  hand  the  Oriflamme  and  pointing 
with  the  other  toward  the  altar  ;  behind  her 
stands  Doloy,  her  esquire,  Paquerel,  her 
confessor,  and  some  pages.  The  corona- 
tion scene  is  out  of  sight  of  the  spectator. 
Painted  in  1854. — Larousse,  vi.  114. 

JOAN  OF  ARC  IN  PRISON,  Paul  IHa- 
riH-hi;  Duke  of  Padua  ;  canvas,  H.  8  ft.  7  in. 
x  f!  ft.  10  in.  Joan,  lying  upon  a  pallet  in 
a  prison  cell,  with  chains  on  her  wrists  and 
her  hands  clasped,  is  interrogated  by  the 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  seated  in  an  arm- 
chair ;  behind  him  a  clerk,  standing,  records 
her  answers  in  a  book.  Salon,  1824.  En- 
graved by  Reynolds. — Annales  du  Musi'e 
(1824),  i.  PI.  32  ;  Larousse,  vi.  114. 

JOANES,  VICENTE,  born  in  Fuentc  de 
la  Higuera,  Valencia,  in  1523-24,  died  in 
Bocairente,  Dec.  21,  1579.  History  and 
portrait  painter  ;  real  name  Vicente  Juan 
Macip  ;  called  also  Juan  de  Juanes.  Studied 
in  Rome,  probably  under  the  disciples  of 
Raphael,  of  whose  style  he  was  one  of  the 
ablest  imitators.  Painted  chiefly  religious 
compositions,  but  was  famous  for  his  por- 


'  traits.  On  his  return  from  Italy  he  opened 
a  school  at  Valencia,  where  he  spent  most 

'  of  his  life.  Works  :  Life  of  St.  Stephen  (5 
pictures),  Last  Supper,  Visitation,  Martyr- 
dom of  St.  Agnes,  Coronation  of  the  Virgin, 
Ecce  Homo,  Saviour  of  the  World,  Melchis- 
edec,  Aaron  as  High  Priest,  Christ  bearing 
his  Cross,  Christ  with  the  Host,  Descent 
from  the  Cross,  Christ  in  the  Garden,  por- 
trait of  Don  Luis  de  Castelvi,  Madrid  Muse- 


*"- 


Joan  of  Arc   in   Prison,    Paul    Delatoche,   Duke  of   Padua. 


urn  ;  Baptism  of  Christ,  Conversion  of  St. 
Paul,  St.  Thomas  of  Villanueva,  Cathedral, 
Valencia  ;  Conception,  Jesuits'  Church,  ib. ; 
Assumption,  Museum,  ib. ;  Visitation  of 
Mary,  Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Death  of  the  Vir- 
gin, Dresden  Gallery  ;  St.  Anna,  St.  Domi- 
nic, Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg. — Stirling,  i. 
354 ;  Viardot,  Peintres  de  1'Espagne,  83  ; 
Washburn,  39  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  espagnole. 
JOANNA  OF  ARAGON,  portrait,  Raph- 
ael, Louvre  ;  wood,  transferred  to  canvas, 
H.  4  ft.  x  3  ft.  3  in.  Daughter  of  Ferdinand 
of  Aragou,  Duke  of  Montalto,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Ferdinand  I.,  King  of  Naples, 
married  to  Ascauio  Colonna,  Prince  of  Tag- 
liacozzo  ;  one  of  the  most  famous  wits  and 
i  beauties  of  the  sixteenth  century.  Seated 


344 


.TOP, 


in  a  magnificent  saloon,  in  a  red  velvet 
dress,  with  sleeves  of  yellow  silk  mid  under- 
sleeves  of  gauze,  with  her  Ion;,'  hair  contiued 
by  a  red  velvet  cap  ornamented  with  pearls 
and  precious  stones  ;  in  background,  at  left, 
a  woman  leans  over  a  balustrade  between 
two  columns  ;  in  distance,  a  garden.  Painted 
about  1518  for  Cardinal  da  liihhiciin,  who 
presented  it  to  Francis  I.  when  papal  legato 
to  France  (1518-19).  According  to  Vasari, 
the  head  only  is  by  Raphael,  tho  remainder 
by  Giulio  Romano.  Copies  in  Warwick 
Castle  ;  Collection  of  Baron  Speck,  Lutsch- 
ena,  near  Leipsic  ;  Berlin  Museum,  by  Sas- 


-  III         '  '      •  , n  -)  •  -    •     v     .' 

i  f  .'J->  -  i.,/'"  V/^O     v,. 

, ..  ,, 

,  - 


(iterated.  5.  Job  visited  by  his  friends. 
(J.  Job's  return  to  prosperity.  Attributed 
by  Vasari  to  Giotto,  but  proved  by  the 
records  of  the  Campo  Santo  to  have  been 
executed  by  Francesco  da  Yolterra,  who  be- 
gan  them  in  1370. — Yasari,  ed.  Mil.,  i.  380; 
C.  \  ('.,  Italy,  i.  3112;  Kugler  (Eastlake),  i. 
154  ;  Larousse,  ix.  !»!»2. 

JOBBE-DIYAL.  (ARMANI)  MARIEi 
l-'ELIX,  bom  at  Carhaix  (FinistcTel,  July 
1(1,  iN'Jl.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Dcla- 
roclic,  Gleyre,  and  of  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts  ; 
belongs  lo  a  small  school  of  painters,  called 
Xeo  Greeks,  whose  style  is  refined  and 

_! 


- 


Job  visited  by  his  Friends  (History  of  Job),  Francesco  da  Volterra,  Campo  Santo 

soferrato  ;  Palazzo  Doria,  Rome,  by  pupil  of  whose  prevailing  tone  of  colour  is  quiet. 
L.  da  Vinci.  Engraved  by  J.  Chereiiu  ;  R.  Medals:  3d  class,  1851,  1857;  L.  of  Hon- 
Morghcn  ;  M.  Leroux. — Vasari,  cd.  Mil.,  v.  our,  18(il.  Works:  Rest,  Tho  Coffin  (1843); 
525;  Cab.  Cro/.at,  i.  PI.  8;  Cat.  Louvre;  Marguerite  in  Martha's  Garden  (1845); 
Fossa  van  t,  ii.  2(55;  Musee  royal,  ii. ;  (rer-  Holy  Family  (1848)  ;  Virgin  Fainting,  Har- 
liard,  Johanna  von  Arragonien,  Tiib.  Kunst-  vest  (1841)),  Mans  Museum  ;  Winter,  Sjiring- 
blatt  (1833),  Nos.  15,  1(!  ;  Miintx,  533;  time,  Sick  Girl  (1850),  bought  by  State; 
Springer,  34!)  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  ombrienne;  Betrothal  at  Corinth  (1852),  Rennes  Muse- 
Gaz.  des  B.  Arts  (1880),  xxii.  4G5.  inn  ;  Theological  Virtues,  Plague  at  Milan, 
JOB,  HISTORY  OF,  Francesco  da  I'-//-  Death,  St.  Borromeo's  Apology  ( 1853),  St. 
terra,  Campo  Santo,  Fisa.  A  series  of  six  Severin,  Paris  ;  Bride  Dressing  ( 1855),  Lyons 
frescoes,  painted  in  a  double  course  at  the  Museum  ;  Oaristis  (1855);  Jews  expelled 
west  end  of  the  south  wall.  1.  Job  feasting  from  Spain,  Calvary,  Dream  (1857);  Martha 
with  his  friends.  2.  Satan  pleading  before  and  Mary  Magdalen  at  Tomb  of  Christ 
God  for  permission  to  torment  Job.  3.  (18(i3) ;  St.  Francis  converting  tho  Protest- 
Attack  of  the  Subeans  and  destruction  of  ants  at  Thonon,  St.  Francis  helping  the 
Job's  bouse.  4.  Unknown  scene,  now  ob-'Poor,  Church  of  St.  Louis-en-l'Ile,  Paris ; 


JOOONDE 


Conscience  sustaining  Duty  (1805) ;  Gentle- 
ness, Descent  from  Cross  (1800);  Bouquet 
of  Roses  (1872)  ;  Mysteries  of  Bacchus 
(1878)  ;  The  Sea  (1878)  ;  Elect™  (1883) ; 
Office  of  Municipal  Council  of  Paris  (1885) ; 
and  many  portraits  and  decorative  works. 
— Bellier,  i.  830  ;  Gaz.  dcs  B.  Arts  (1802), 
xii.  202  ;  (1800),  xx.  300,  513  ;  Laroussc. 
JOCONDE,  LA.  Sec  Nona  Lisa. 
JODL,  FERDINAND,  born  in  Munich  in 
1805.  Architecture  painter,  pupil  of  Do- 
nu'iiico  Quaglio.  Works  :  Interior  of  Frau- 
cnkirche  in  Munich  ;  Castle  Hohensehwan- 
gau,  View  of  Maria  Hilf  Church,  and  two 
other  Views  in  Munich  (1828),  New  Pinako- 
thek,  Munich  ;  Interior  of  Ulm  Cathedral  ; 
St.  Sebaldus  in  Nuremberg. — Miiller,  284. 

JODOCUS  OF  GHENT.     See  Ju.<lti.i  of 
Ghent. 

JOEST,  JAN,  born  probably  at  Calcar 
about  1400,  died  at 
Haarlem  in  151'.).  His- 
tory painter,  first  in- 
structed at  Calcar, 
then  formed  himself 
undoubtedly  in  the 
school  of  Haarlem, 
whence  he  seems  to 
have  returned  to  Cal- 
car in  1505,  and  began 
to  paint,  the  great  al- 
tarpiece  in  the  parish  church  of  St.  Nicho- 
las, representing,  in  twenty  panels,  the  Life, 
Passion,  and  Triumph  of  Christ,  containing 
210  figures,  which  was  completed  in  1508. 
This  shows  him  to  have  been  a  skilful  mas- 
ter, trained  in  the  old  school  of  the  Nether- 
lands. In  all  probability  he  then  returned 
to  Haarlem,  where  he  seems  to  have  spent 
the  remainder  of  his  life,  and  where  he  was 
buried  in  the  cathedral  of  St.  Bavon.  A 
Holy  Family,  attributed  to  him,  is  in  the 
Brussels  Museum. — Allgem.  Zeitg.  Oct.  28, 
1874;  Forster,  ii.  150;  Hotho,  Gesch.,  ii.  188; 
Kunst-Chronik,  x.  74  ;  Wolff,  Die  Nicolaip- 
farrkirche  zu  Calcar  (Calcar,  1880),  17, 58 ;  W. 
&  W.,  ii.  492  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,xi.  339,  374. 
JOHANN  VON  KOLN,  German  school, 


15th  century.  History  painter,  joined  the 
brotherhood  of  Agnetenberg,  near  Zwoll,  in 
1440  ;  was  an  artist  of  much  inventive  power. 
Work,  Adoration  of  Magi,  Berlin  Museum. 
— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xiv.  400  ;  Merlo,  Nach- 
richtcn,  219. 

JOHANNOT,  (CHARLES  HENRI)  AL- 
FRED, born  at  Offenbach  on  the  Main, 
March  21,  1800,  died  in  Paris,  Dec.  7, 
1837.  History  painter,  brother  and  pupil 
of  the  engraver  Charles  Johaunot  (1788- 
1825).  First  known  as  an  engraver  of  the 
works  of  Ary  Scheffer  and  Vernet.  Hia 
pictures  are  distinguished  for  their  good 
colour  and  careful  elaboration  of  detail. 
Gold  medal,  1831.  Works  :  Arrest  of  Jean 
de  Crespierre  (1831) ;  Entry  of  Mile,  de 
Montpensier  into  Orleans  during  the  War  of 
the  Fronde,  Announcement  of  the  Victory 
cf  Hastenbeck  (1833);  Francis  I.  and  Charles 
V.  (1834) ;  Cromwell,  Mine.  d'Ancre  (1834); 
Henry  II.  and  Catherine  de  Medicis  with 
their  Children,  The  Courier  Verner  bled  by 
the  King  (1835) ;  Mary  Stuart  leaving  Scot- 
land (1830)  ;  St.  Martin  giving  away  Half 
of  his  Cloak  ;  Anne  of  Este  arriving  at  Court 
of  Charles  IX.  (1837) ;  The  Battle  of  Brat- 
telen,  1444  (1838),  Battle  of  Rosebecque, 
1 1382  (1839),  Funeral  of  the  Victims  of  July 
2>i,  1835,  Versailles  Museum. — Bellier,  i. 
831 ;  Cli.  Blanc,  Ecole  frant/aise,  iii. ;  Lenor- 
mant,  Beaux-Arts,  i.  233  ;  Meyer,  Gesch., 
435  ;  Nouv.  biog.  gen.,  xxvi.  785. 

JOHANNOT,  TONY,  born  at  Offenbach 
on  the  Main,  Nov.  9,  1803,  died  in  Paris, 
Aug.  4,  1852.  History  painter,  brother  and 
pupil  of  Alfred,  whom  he  assisted  in  engrav- 
ing the  illustrations  to  the  works  of  Walter 
Scott,  Cooper,  and  Byron.  Though  some- 
what weak  in  drawing,  his  first  Salon  pict- 
ures (1831)  were  attractive  and  solid  in  ex- 
ecution. Works  :  Woman  giving  Soldier  a 
Drink  (1831) ;  Death  of  Duguesclin  (1835); 
Battle  of  Foutenay  (1837),  Battle  of  Rose- 
becque (1839),  Versailles  Museum  ;  Boyhood 
of  Duguesclin  (1840);  The  Siesta,  Halt, 
Louis  VTI.  forcing  the  Passage  of  the  Me- 
ander (1841),  Versailles  Museum  ;  Louis 


346 


JOHN 


Philippe  giving  two  Gobelins  Tapestries  to 
Queen  Victoria  (184G);  Happy  Mother,  Un- 
happy Mother,  Little  Poachers,  Spanish 
Smugglers,  Little  Fishermen,  Death  of  St. 
Paul,  Fisherman's  Family,  River  Scamander 
(1850);  Scene  of  Pillage  (1852).— Bellier,  i. 
832 ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Eeole  fran<;aise  ;  Lenor- 
mant,  Beaux- Arts,  i.  233  ;  Meyer,  Gcsch., 
435 ;  Noiiv.  biog.  gcnerale,  xxvi.  78G. 

JOHN,  ST.,  THE  ALMSCUVER,  Titia», 
S.  Giovanni  Elemosinario,  Venice  ;  canvas, 
figures  life-size.  St.  John,  bishop  and  pa- 
triarch of  Alexandria,  seated  on  a  raised  po- 
dium, gives  alms  to  a  beggar  at  the  foot  of 
the  steps.  Painted  in  1533  in  rivalry  with 
Pordeuone,  according  to  Vasari.  One  of 
the  finest  works  of  the  master's  middle  time 
(C.  &  C.).— Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  vii.  441  ;  C.  \ 
C.,  Titian,  i.  379. 

JOHN  BAPTIST,  ST.,  Gn<-r<-in<>,  Capitol 
Gallery,  Rome.  Half-figure  of  the  Saint,  with 
one  hand  resting  on  his  breast  and  his  eyes 
raised  to  heaven.  Fine  head. — Luvice,  331. 

By  Mtirillo,  Madrid  Museum  ;  canvas,  H. 
4  ft.  ;<  3  ft.  3  in.  St.  John,  about  seven 
years  old,  wearing  a  red  tunic  and  sheep- 
skin robe,  seated  beside  a  large  rock,  look- 
ing towards  a  ray  of  light  descending  from 
heaven;  his  right  hand  is  on  his  breast,  his 
left  holding  a  cross  and  a  scroll,  inscribed 
"  Agnus  Dei  ;"  background,  rocks  and  trees. 
Collection  of  Mnrtjues  de  la  Enscnada. 
Etched  by  B.  Maura  ;  lithographed  by  Ca- 
maron,  A.  Lemoine,  Lafosse,  A.  de  IJclvc- 
dere,  L.  Maurin.  Repetitions  :  Heytesbury 
House,  Wiltshire  ;  Western  Wood,  North 
Cray,  Kent  ;  (1.  Delahanto,  Paris. — Curtis, 
245  ;  Liibke  ;  Madrazo,  473. 

By  Murill'i,  Seville  Museum  ;  canvas,  IT. 
7  ft.  4  in.  x  4  ft.  1  in.  The  Saint,  about 
thirty  years  old,  partly  clothed,  standing 
front,  with  joined  hands,  leaning  against  a 
large  rock  ;  a  cross  rests  on  his  left  arm  ;  a 
lamb  stands  beside  him  on  his  left.  Painted 
about  1(!7(!  for  high  altar  of  church  of  Capu- 
chin Convent,  Seville.  Companion  to  St. 
Jotsrjth  and  Infant  Jesus  (Seville  Museum). 
—Curtis,  249. 


By  Andrea  del  Sarlo,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Flor- 
ence ;  wood,  H.  3  ft  x  2  ft,  2  in.  Half- 
length,  nude,  with  a  skin  about  the  loins ; 
background,  a  rock  ;  reed  cross  in  fore- 
ground. One  of  two  mentioned  by  Vasari, 
who  says  that,  Andrea  painted  a  St.  John  for 
Giovanni  Maria  P.enintendi,  who  gave  it  to 
Duke  Cosimo,  and  also  a  St.  John  which  ho 
intended  to  send  as  a  propitiatory  offering 
to  Francis  I.,  but  afterwards  sold  it  to  Otta- 
viano  de'  Medici. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  v.  3<>. 

By  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  Louvre  ;  wood,  H. 
•2  ft.  3  in.  •  1  ft.  10  in.  Half-length,  with 
lamb-skin  about  the  loins  ;  holds  a  cross  in 


X    •"  '•      ' 

.•••••*'  I 

•  .  I 

,'•  .- 


St.  John   B.iptist.  Leonardo   tla   Vinci,  Louyfe. 

left  hand  and  points  to  heaven  with  right. 
In  collection  of  Francis  I.  ;  presented  by 
Louis  XIII.  to  Charles  I.  of  England,  who 
sent  him  in  return  a  portrait  of  Erasmus  by 
Holbein  and  a  Holy  Family  by  Titian  ; 
bought,  after  death  of  Charles,  for  Cl  10  by 
banker  Jabach,  who  sold  it  to  Louis  XIV. 
Copy  in  the  Ambrosiana,  Milan,  attributed 
to  Salai.  Engraved  by  I$oulanger.  Vasari, 
ed.  Mil.,  iv.  58;  Villot,  Cat.  Louvre;  Cab. 
de  1'Amateur,  iii.  31  ;  Rigollot,  Hist,  des 


:t47 


JOHN 


Arts,  etc.,  i.  248  ;  Clement,  222,  37G  ;  Hea- 
ton,  248. 

JOHN  BAPTIST,  ST.,  BIRTH  OF,  Lodo- 
vico  Carracfi,  Bologna  Gallery  ;  canvas,  H. 
12  ft.  11  in.  x8  ft,  1  in.  Engraved  by  G. 
Wagner  ;  G.  Tomba.— Piuac.  di  Bologna, 
PL  44. 

By  Tuittnvtlo,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg; 
canvas,  H.  G  ft.  1  in.  x  8  ft.  9  in.  St.  Anne 
presents  the  child  to  a  nurse ;  in  back- 
ground, St.  Elizabeth  in  bed  is  taken  care 
of  by  an  attendant  woman  ;  to  right,  Zacha- 
rias,  who  raises  his  eves  to  heaven. 


m^iff^ 

"':"    •'     j.~    ^-    -  -          "  —  •'      rV.^>fl.    r<n  .  C^    '^'    Sf\  ~~  -    -•       .L.  :'JT-l,-r  /** 


>\ti£''    ^^;^^""^-^-~^>.^ 


St.  John  Baptist  on  Jordan,  Nicolas  Poussin,  Lo 

-JOHN  BAPTIST,  ST.,  HEAD  OF,  M,,-\ 
rilln.  Leigh  Court  Collection,  Somerset,  Eng- 
land ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft.  x  2  ft.  5  in.  The 
bearded  head  in  a  charger,  placed  on  a  table 
covered  with  drapery.  Etched  by  J.  Young 
in  Miles  Gallery  Catalogue. — Curtis,  250. 

JOHN  BAPTIST,  ST.,  AND  LAMB,  Mu- 
rillo,  Hospital  de  la Caridad,  Seville  ;  wood,  H. 
2  ft.  9  in.  x  2  ft.  The  child  St.  John,  stand- 
ing front,  his  left  hand,  holding  a  cross  and 
scroll,  on  the  back,  and  his  right  hand  on 
the  breast  of  a  lamb  which  stands  by  his 
side.  Painted  for  Hospital  about  1G74. 
Engraved  by  A.  Boilly.-—  Curtis,  244. 

By   niitrillu,   National   Gallery,   London ; ' 


canvas,  H.  5  ft.  T>  in.  x  3  ft.  7  in.  About  six 
years  old,  in  sheepskin  garment,  standing 
front,  embracing  a  lamb  which  stands  on  a 
rock  ;  his  left  hand  on  back  of  lamb,  fore- 
finger pointing  upward  ;  on  ground,  a  cross 
and  a  scroll  ;  background,  a  hilly  landscape 
with  trees.  Companion  to  Christ  the  Good 
Shepherd  (Baron  Rothschild),  which  see  for 
history.  Repetitions  :  Earl  of  Lovelace,  East 
Horsley  Towers,  Surrey ;  Dudley  House,  Lon- 
don. Copy  by  Tobar  in  S.  Isidore,  Seville  ; 
contemporary  copy  in  Hermitage.  Engraved 
by  F.  Bacon,  L.  Stocks,  A.  H.  Payne,  J.  Rog- 
ers, J.  Stow,  Casenave,  and 
others. — Curtis,  245;  Notes 
and  Queries,  S.  G,  iv.  427  ; 
Portfolio,  187G. 

By  Miirillo,  Vienna  Mu- 
seum ;  canvas,  H.  5  f t.  x  3 
ft.  G  in.  The  child,  cross 
in  left  hand,  standing 
front,  with  right  hand  on 
lamb  standing  by  his  side. 
Engraved  by  J.  Blaschke 
(2),  P.  Gleditsch;  etched 
by  W.  Unger,  Premier. — 
Curtis,  24G  ;  Gal.  de  Vien- 
ue ;  Gemiilde  Gal.  in  AVien. 
JOHN  BAPTIST,  ST., 
ON  JORDAN,  Lodovico 
( 'armed,  Bologna  Gallery; 
canvas,  H.  11  ft.  G  in.  x  G 
ft.  8  in.  St.  John,  in  a 
wood,  on  the  banks  of  the  Jordan,  preach- 
ing. Formerly  in  church  of  the  monastery 
of  the  Certosa,  Bologna.  Engraved  by  G. 
Wagner  ;  F.  Rosaspina. — Pinac.  di  Bologna, 
PI.  47  ;  Lanzi,  iii.  70. 

By  Nicolas  /'HI/SSIH,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  3 
ft.  x  4  ft,  St.  John,  standing  on  the  bank 
of  the  river,  is  baptising  two  men  who  kneel 
before  him  ;  at  one  side,  a  woman,  kneeling, 
presents  her  infant;  at  the  other,  men  remov- 
ing their  garments  ;  further  back,  three  old 
men  and  a  young  man  on  horseback  looking 
on  ;  on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  a  bark  ; 
in  background,  mountains.  Painted  in  1G40 
for  Chevalier  Cassiano  del  Pozzo,  whence 


348 


JOHN 


passed  to  Collection  of  Andre  le  Notre,  and 
finally  to  Louis  XTV.  Engraved  by  ( 1.  Au- 
dran.  Poussin  painted  this  subject  a  second 
time  in  1048. — Landon,  Musce,  iii.  37  ;  lie- 
veil,  xi.  791. 

JOHN  BAPTIST,  ST.,  SLEEPING,  Carlo 
Doli,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence  ;  canvas,  oval, 
H.  1  ft.  4  in.  x  1  ft.  10  in.  The  infant  St. 
John  asleep,  with  the  reed  cross  beside  him  ; 
behind  him,  St.  Elizabeth  in  prayer,  and  St. 
Zacharias  reading  ;  above,  left,  three  winged 
cherubs'  heads.  Painted  for  the  Grand 
Duchess  Vittoria  della  Itovere  ;  carried  to 
Paris  in  1799 ;  returned  in  LS15.  Many 
copies.  Engraved  by  L.  Madelli ;  Lang- 
lois.— Gal.  du  Pal.  Pitti,  ii.  PI.  4IS ;  Filhol, 
iv.  PI.  2(i(i  ;  Landon,  Musce,  xvi.  PI.  114. 

JOHN"  BAPTIST,  ST.,  IN  AVILDF.lt 
NESS,  Guido  Iteni,  Duhvich  Gallery,  Eng- 
land ;  canvas,  H.  7  ft.  I!  in.  x  5  ft.  2  in.  Life- 
si/e  figure,  nearly  nude,  sitting  on  a  rock, 
with  gray-coloured  draper}'  about  the  hips  ; 
right  arm  raised,  left  hand  holding  a  cross 
of  reeds.  In  distance  a  group  of  eight  fig- 
ures ;  a  wood  in  the  background;  cloudy 
sky.  Bought  by  M.  Desenfans  from  Mr.  A. 
AYilson  for  1,000  guineas.  Engraved  by  It 
Morghen  (?).  One  of  three  pictures  by 
Guido,  mentioned  by  Malvasia,  of  the  same 
subject. — Malvasia,  Felsina  Pittrice,  iv.  lil, 
90  ;  Leslie,  Constable's  Life  and  Letters,  i. 
107  ;  Duhvich  Cat.,  129. 

By  /{ajihai'l,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  5  in. 
x  4  ft.  7  in.  A  young  man,  nearly  nude, 
crowned  with  leaves,  sitting  astride  of  the 
trunk  of  a  tree,  holding  a  scroll  in  one  hand 
and  pointing  with  the  other  to  the  reed  cross. 
This  picture,  which  had  been  long  buried  in 
the  Magasins  du  Louvre,  and  had  suffered 
greatly,  was  placed  in  the  gallery  under 
Napoleon  III.  Engraved  by  S.  Vallee  — Vil- 
lot,  Cat.  Louvre  ;  Cab.  Crozat,  i.  PI.  14. 

By  llajihai-l,  Uffi/i,  Florence  ;  canvas,  H. 
ft  ft.  9  in.  x  5  ft.  A  youth,  nude,  with  a 
panther-skin  about  his  loins,  seated  fronting 
the  spectator,  pointing  to  a  cross  erected 
near  him  ;  background,  a  desert  landscape. 
Painted  for  Cardinal  Colon na,  who  gave  it 


to  his  physician  Jacopo  da  Carpi  ;  in  Vn- 
sari's  time  it  was  in  possession  of  Francesco 
Benintendi ;  passed  to  Uftizi  before  1589. 
Original  sketch  in  UtK/.i.  Copy,  formerly 
in  Orleans  Collection,  sold  to  Lord  Berwick 
for  £1,500,  now  at  Tintern  Abbey,  near 
Chepstow,  England.  Others  in  Bologna, 
Darmstadt,  and  Berlin.  Engraved  by  Ber- 
vic,  Biondi,  Gutenberg,  Lepcrier,  and  oth- 


V. 

'      .           -\                  v 

•    ,    -      \ 

'                                         ^                                            \ 

"       riT   -^»                                   < 

f  '•'       '^-                                 \ 

v?>     •  \ 

\  '             •'•                    1 

\             •   -•  —                          j 

v^. 

•^  tk  • 

V* 

^-'V 

;* 

^i-?-  \k<j  \ 

IP 


St.  J.jhn  Bjpt.it  in  Wi.Jti, .1. 

ers. — Vasari,  Ed.  Mil.,  iv.  :t~0  ;  Passnvant, 
i.  25S  ;  ii.  2S7  ;  Molini,  (lal.  <li  Firenxe,  i. 
1  ;  Kugler  (Eastlake),  ii.  4(11  ;  C'.-ib.  Cro/at. 
i.  PI.  19. 

l>v  TI/IIIII,  Venice  Academy  ;  canvas,  H.  Ii 
ft.  (i  in.  x4  ft.  4  in.;  signed.  St.  John  Bap- 
tist alone  at  the  foot  of  a  rock,  where  the 
lamb  is  asleep.  Painted  before  1557  for  S. 
M.  Maggiore,  Venice.  Keplica,  with  varia- 
tion, in  sacristy  of  Escorial.  Vasari,  ed. 
Mil.,  vii.  4:57;  ('.  X  ('.,  Titian,  ii.  251  ;  Gil- 
bed,  Cadore,  :{li. 

JOHN  EVANGELIST,  ST.,  »<»w,n<-hi,t<,, 
Leigh  Court  Collection,  England  ;  canvas, 
H.  8  ft.  7  in.  xl!  ft.  H  in.  St.  John  in  a 
vision,  supported  by  two  angels.  Formerly 
in  Giustiniani  Collection;  passed  to  Dela- 
hante  iu  Paris,  thence  to  London,  where 


JOHN 


bought  by  Mr.  Miles  for  £1,000  ;  bought  in 
at  Leigh' Court  sale  (1884),  £735.— Waa- 
gen,  Treasures,  iii.  182. 

By  Murillo,  Leigh  Court  Collection,  Som- 
erset, England  ;  canvas,  H.  5  ft.  9  in.  x  3  ft. 
11  in.  The  Saint,  full-length,  seated  in  a 
reclining  posture  on  a  rock,  with  a  pen  in 
right  hand  and  a  book  in  left,  looks  up  as  if 
he  heard  a  voice  from  heaven  ;  on  his  right,  j 
an  eagle.  Robit  sale  (1801)  ;  Bryan  sale  j 
(1801),  .€525,  to  Henry  Hope ;  Hope  sale 
(181(i),  £115  10s.  Etched  by  J.  Young  in 
Miles  Gallery  Catalogue. — Curtis,  251  ;  Bu- 
chanan, Memoirs,  ii.  51. 

By  Vtituxijitt'z,  Sir  Bartlc  Frero  Collection, 
London  ;  H.  4  ft.  0  in.  X  3  ft.  4  in.  Seated, ' 
in  white  robe  and  violet  drapery,  writing  the 
Apocalypse  ;  an  eagle  on  his  right  ;  above, 
the  Virgin  in  a  glory.  Same  history  as  CIDI- 
ceii/iou  by  Velasquez. — Curtis,  12. 

JOHN  EVANGELIST,  ST..  VISION  OF, 
Alonso  Cam  i,  private  gallery,  Paris  ;  canvas, 
H.  2  ft.  11  in.  x  1  ft.  5  in.  One  of  a  series 
of  subjects  from  the  Apocalypse.  St.  John 
is  represented  in  one  of  his  visions,  when 
one  of  the  seven  angels,  who  were  ordered 
to  pour  out  the  vials  of  wrath,  takes  him  to 
a  high  mountain  and  shows  him  the  heavenly 
Jerusalem  which  "  lieth  foursquare  "  (llcv. 
xxi.  !)-!(;). 

JOHN  FREDERICK,  Elector  of  Saxony, 
portrait,  Titian,  Vienna  Museum  ;  canvas, 
H.  IS  ft.  7£-  in.  x  3  ft.  1  in.  The  Elector, 
clad  in  black,  seated  in  an  arm-chair  ;  has 
the  scar  of  the  wound  received  at  Miihlberg 
on  the  left  cheek.  Painted  for  Charles  V. 
in  Augsburg  in  1548.  Copy  by  Teniers  at 
Blenheim  ;  engraved  by  L.  Vorstermann  in 
Teniers  Gallery.  Another  portrait  of  John 
Frederick  in  armour,  carried  to  Spain  in 
1550  by  Mary  of  Hungary,  burned  in  Palace 
of  Pardo  in  1008.— C.  k  C.,  Titian,  ii.  181  ; 
Revue  universelle  des  arts,  iii.  140. 

JOHNSON,  DAVID,  born  in  New  York, 
May  10,  1827.  Landscape  painter  ;  studied 
for  a  month  with  J.  F.  Cropsey,  but  other- 
wise self-taught.  Elected  an  A.N.A.  in  1800, 
and  N.A.  in  1861.  Studio  in  New  York. 


Works:  Echo  Lake  (18G7);  View  at  Barry- 
town,  N.  Y.  (1871);  Lake  George,  Mrs. 
William  H.  King,  New  York  ;  View  at  Dres- 
den—Lake George  (1874),  Courtlandt  Pal- 
mer, ib.  ;  Scenery  on  the  Housatonic,  Brook 
Study— Orange  County  (187C);  Housatonic 
River  (1877),  L.  A.  Lanthier,  New  York  ; 


^^fe-Hr^   > 


Vision  of  St.  John  Evangelist,  Alonso  Cano,  Private  Gallery,  Paris. 

Sunset  on  the  Walkill  River  (1879);  On  the 
Unadilla  at  New  Berlin  (1881),  F.  WT. 
Thomas;  Study  of  Oaks  (1883);  Summer 
Afternoon,  View  on  the  Weiuockie  River, 
Oak  Grove  (1884). 

JOHNSON,  EASTMAN,  born  in  Lovell, 
Me.,  July  2!),  1824.  Genre  painter,  studied 
in  Dusseldorf  in  1849-51  ;  later  studied  and 


350 


JOHNSON* 


painted  in  Italy,  Paris,  Holland,  and  four 
years  at  The  Hague.  His  most  popular 
works  are  those  depict- 
ing American  life, 
many  of  which  have 
been  engraved  and  lith- 
ographed. Elected 
N.A.  in  18(50.  Studio 
in  New  York.  Works  : 
Old  Kentucky  Home 
(18(57),  E.  L.  Stuart, 
New  York;  Chimney- 
Sweep,  T.  11.  Butler, 
ib.  ;  Old  Stage-Coaeh  (1871),  George  Whit- 
ney, Boston;  Woodland  Bath  (1873);  Pris- 
oner of  State  (1874);  Milton  dictating  to  his 
Daughter  (1875);  Husking-Bee  (187(5);  Lul- 
laby (1S77)  ;  Tender  Passion  (185!)),  Span- 
ish Woman  (18(52),  W.  T.  Walters,  Balti- 
more ;  Cranberry  Harvest — Island  of  Nan- 
tucket  (1880);  Funding  Bill— Portraits  of 
two  Men  (1881)  ;  New  England  1'edler,  In 
Kind  Hands  (1884).  Portraits  :  Of  a  Gen- 
tleman (188:!),  Sir  Edward  Archibald,  Eng- 
land ;  Dr.  McCosh  (Alexander  Maitland), 
Hon.  C.  J.  Eolger  (1884)  ;  Hon.  William  M. 
Evarts  (1885). — Sheldon,  1(5(5  ;  Tuckerman, 
4(5(5. 

JOHNSON,  FROST,  born  in  New  York 
in  1835.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  the-  Na- 
tional Academy,  New  York,  under  Professor 
Cummings,  in  185'.) ;  studied  at  the  Diissel- 
dorf  Academy,  in  18G1,  at  the  Antwerp 
Academy,  and  in  18(53  at  the  Kcolc  des 
Beaux  Arts,  Paris.  Painted  under  fidouard 
Frere,  at  Ecouen  in  18(!5-(>1),  and  lived  for 
some  time  in  London.  Studio  in  New  York. 
Works:  First  Whiff;  Caught  at  It:  Arith- 
metic Lesson  ;  Study  of  an  Interior,  Les 
Poinmes  (18(59);  Roasted  Chestnuts;  La 
Petite  Flaneuse,  Alvah  Hall,  New  York  ; 
Last  and  Best  ;  The  Bouquet — Portrait  of 
Lady  Helena  Blackwood,  Gallery  of  Earl 
Dufferin  ;  Neglected  Lesson  ;  Love  Me, 
Love  Me  Not;  A  Thirsty  Party,  Good- 
Night  (1876);  Young  Ornithologist  (1879); 
After  Rain  (1880) ;  Moorland  Landscape 
(1881). 


JOHNSTON,  ALEXANDER,  born  in 
Edinburgh  in  181(5.  History  painter  ;  pu- 
pil of  Trustees'  Academy,  Edinburgh,  and  of 
Royal  Academy,  London  ;  tirst  exhibited  at 
Royal  Academy  in  183S.  Works:  Gentle 
Shepherd  (1840)  ;  Covenanter's  Marriage 
(I84i>);  Highland  Home  (184:!);  Tillotson 
administering  Sacrament  to  Ijord  Russell 
(1845).  National  Gallery  ;  Burial  of  Charles 
I.  (1817);  Trial  of  Laud  (18411);  Covenant- 
er's Burial  (Ix.VJ);  Tyudale  translating  Bible; 
(1S54);  Abdication  of  Marv  Queen  of  Scots 
|  (1855);  Bunyan  in  Bedford  Gaol  (1*151); 
Press  Gang  Sixty  Years  Ago  (18(i'2);  Billet- 
Doux.  (18(58);  11  IVnseroso.  Juliet  (1870); 
Isaac  Watts  and  his  Mother  ( 1871 );  Turning 
Point  (1873);  Bonnie  Lesley  (187(5);  Waif 
(1877);  Preparing  for  Conquest  (1878); 
Reginald  (1XS1).  Ottley;  Art  .Journal 

(1857),  57  ;  Cat.  Nat.  Gal. 

JOLIVARD,  ANDRK,  born  at  Le  Mans, 
Sept.  15,  1787,  died  in  Paris,  Dec.  S,  1X51. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Berlin.  Studied 
law  at  Paris,  made  the  campaign  of  1813, 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  181(5,  and  then  gave 
himself  up  to  painting.  .Medal,  lxii7  ;  L. 
of  Honour,  1835.  Works  :  A  Torrent  (1H19); 
View  of  St.  Leonard-les-Bois  (1831);  River 
winding  through  a  Forest,  River  Vcvre 
(1N39);  Torrent,  in  Woods  (1X44);  River 
Sar the  (1845);  View  in  Brittany  ( 1X4(5);  Au- 
tumn Evening  ( 1847);  I'haldus  and  Dnnois 
stopped  by  Nymphs  (1850);  Works  in  Mu- 
seums at  Bordeaux,  Lisieux,  and  Mans. — 
Bellier,  i.  833  ;  I^irousse. 

JOLLIVET,  PIERRK  Jl'LKS,  born  in 
Paris,  June  'J7,  1794,  died  there,  Sept.  7, 
1871.  History  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Gros  and  De  Juinne.  Medals:  lid  class, 
1X33;  1st,  class,  1835;  L.  of  Honour,  1851. 
Works  :  Bull-Fight  at  Madrid,  Interior  of 
an  Alcalde's  House  at  Madrid  (1831);  Gita- 
nos  halting  in  the  Mountains  of  Honda 
(1833);  Brigands  of  Valencia  (1833),  Valen- 
ciennes Museum  ;  Christopher  Columbus 
discovering  America,  Quentin  Durward 
(1833);  Guerrilla  Woman  (1834);  Trial  of 
Joan  of  Arc,  Byron's  Lara  (1835);  Christ  and 


351 


JOXAII 


the  Samaritan  Woman,  Descent  from  the 
Cross  (183!);;  Byron's  Corsair,  Crown  of 
Thorns  (1840);  Spaniards  Threshing,  Re- 
turning from  the  Fields  (1841);  Spanish 
Gypsy  Women  Bathing,  Massacre  of  Inno- 
cents (1845),  Rouen  Museum  ;  Gypsies  and 
Spanish  Smugglers,  Tomb  of  Les  Knerves  at 
Jumiegcs  (1847) ;  Perseus  rescuing  Androm- 
eda 1 184!>):  Pieta  (1850)  ;  Establishing  tin 
Magistracy  (1855).  bought  by  State  ;  Virgin 
with  SS.  Joseph  and  Simon.  Greek  Woman 
Bathing  (18(53  >;  Christ  among  the  Doctors 
(1S<>5),  Prefecture  de  la  Seine,  Paris  ;  Cor- 
nelia's Jewels,  Art  in  the  Time  of  Peri- 
cles (1  Stith;  Combat  of  Hooglide,  1794. 
do.  of  Aicha.  1805  (I8:;iii;  Louis  XH. 
in  Battle  of  Agnadel,  15011.  Taking  of  Cha- 
teau de  Foix  (18:57);  Godfrey  de  Bouillon 
holding  the  tirst  Assi/es  in  Jerusalem,  1110 
^  1839 1,  Louis  le  Gros  capturing  the  Ori- 
llamme  at  St.  Denis.  Battle  of  Seminara, 
Buttle  of  Tourcoing.  Portraits  of  Philip  111. 
and  Marshal  Catinat.  Versailles  Museum  : 
Portraits  of  C^ueen  Victoriii,  Prince  Albert, 
and  others. — Bellier,  i.  834  :  Larousse.  i\. 
UMili  :  Nou.  biog.  gen  .  xxvi.  S50. 

JONAH.  Michelanyelv,  Sistine  Chapel, 
Rome  ;  fresco  on  ceiling. 

By  Tinlordt",  Scuola  di  S.  Rocco.  Venice  ; 
oval,  on  ceiling  of  upper  room.  The  whale, 
whose  mouth  is  as  large  as  a  cavern,  has 
lifted  Jonah  out  on  his  tongue,  so  that  it 
forms  a  kind  of  red  cushion  for  him  to  kneel 
on  in  his  submission  to  the  Deity. — Ruskin. 
Stones  of  Venice,  iii.  34*  :  Ridolli.  Marav. . 
ii.  IKS. 

JONAS.  RUDOLF,  born  at  Goldapp, 
East-Prussia,  in  1822.  Landscape  painter, 
pupil  of  Konigsberg  Academy  under  Beh- 
rcudsen  ;  went  in  1851  to  Munich,  whence 
he  visited  the  Bavarian  Alps,  Tyrol,  Switzer- 
land, and  North  Italy  ;  taught  in  Dautzic 
from  1852  to  1854,  when  he  moved  to  Mu- 
nich. In  185(!  made  a  four  mouths' journey 
through  Corsica,  and  settled  in  Berlin  in 
I860.  Works :  View  of  Ajaccio  ;  High 
Plain  on  Bay  of  Ajaccio  ;  Burial  Hill  in 
Corsica  ;  View  near  the  Haff  ;  Oliva  Monas- 


tery near  Dantzic  ;  Deserted  Saw  Mill ;  Inn 
Valley  in  Southern  Bavaria  ;  Monastery 
near  Elbiug  ;  Mountain-Brook  ;  Strait  of 
Bonifacio. — Midler,  285. 

JONES,  GEORGE,  born  iu  London,  Jan. 
(i.  178G,  died  there,  Sept.  19,  18G9.  Battle 
painter,  son  of  John  Jones,  engraver ;  stu- 
dent of  Royal  Academy  in  1801,  and  an  ex- 
hibitor in  1803  ;  was  an  officer  of  militia  in 
Peninsular  War,  and  was  in  Paris  in  1815. 
Painted  battle  and  subject  pieces  oil  return 
of  peace,  and  became  A.R.A.  in  1822  and 
R  A.  in  1824  ;  librarian  in  1834-40,  and 
keeper  in  1840-50.  Works  :  Battle  of  Boro- 
dino (182H),  Town-hall  at  Utrecht  (1829, 
lent  to  Corporation  of  Oldham),  The  Fiery 
Furnace  (1832),  Lady  Gocliva  (1833),  Relief 
of  Lucknow,  Cawnpore — Passage  of  the 
Ganges  (16I!1I,  last  three  lent  to  Corporation 
of  Coventry).  National  Gallery,  London ; 
View  in  Rotterdam,  Grosveuor  House,  ib. ; 
Nelson  boarding  the  San  Josef  at  St.  Vin- 
cent, Greenwich  Hospital ;  Battle  of  Water- 
loo, Chelsea  Hospital  :  do.,  National  Gallery, 
Edinburgh  ;  Orleans,  Woburn  Abbey  ;  Re- 
lief of  Lucknow.  Cawnpore,  Glasgow  Gal- 
lery ;  others  in  South  Kensington  Museum ; 
portrait  of  Sir  Charles  Napier,  National 
Portrait  Gallery.— Redgrave  ;  Cat  Nat.  Gal.; 
Sandby.  ii.  3G. 

JONES,  HUGH  BOLTON,  born  in  Balti- 
more, Md..  Oct.  20,  1848.  Landscape 
painter,  studied  in  Baltimore.  In  1877  vis- 
ited Europe,  and  studied  there  four  years, 
sketching  in  Spain  and  Brittany.  Elected 
an  A.N.A.  in  1881  audN.A.  in  18'83.  Studio 
in  New  York.  Works  :  Ferry  Inn,  Summer 
on  the  Blue  Ridge  (1874)  ;  Twilight  on  Beau 
Creek,  J.  W.  McCoy,  Baltimore  ;  Tangier, 
W.  T.  Walters,  ib. ;  Return  of  the  Cows- 
Brittany,  Heath  in  Bloom — Brittany  (1878); 
French  Landscape  (1880);  The  Kasba  from 
Moorish  Cemetery— Tangier  (1881);  Octo- 
ber, Early  Spring  (1882);  Near  Annisquam 
— Massachusetts  Coast,  Landscape — South 
Orange  (1883);  Near  Plymouth  Meeting — 
Pa.,  On  Hen-ing  Run— Baltimore  (1884). 
Frank  C.  Jones,  brother  of  the  preceding, 


JON(iK 


occupying  the  same  studio,  has  exhibit- 
ed: Grandmother's  Tales  (1881);  Left  in 
Charge  (1882)  ;  Cup  of  Cold  Water  (1S8U)  ; 
Lost  (1884)  ;  Day  in  March,  Afternoon 
(1885). 

JONGE  (Jonghe),  LUDOLF  DE,  born 
at  Overschie,  South  Holland,  in  IGlfi,  died 
at  Hillegersbcrg  in  lfi!>7.  Dutch  school  ; 
portrait,  genre,  and  landscape  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Saftleven,  Stevens,  and  Bylert.  Re- 
sided seven  years  in  France,  where  he  met 
with  success,  as  he  also  did  on  his  return, 
at  Rotterdam.  Painted  portraits  and  arch- 
ery pieces  in  style  of  Van  der  Heist,  also 
battles,  hunts,  pastures  with  cattle,  pleasing 
and  warm  in  colour.  Works  :  Female  por- 
trait (Ifi(iO),  Haarlem  Museum  ;  Portraits 
of  Vice-Admiral  van  Nes  (!(>(>(>),  and  Wife 
(1GG8),  Amsterdam  Museum  ;  Portrait  of 
Lady  (1G5:$),  Dresden  Gallery  ;  Mythologi- 
cal Subject,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Huntsmen  in 
Peasant's  Cottage,  Leuchtenberg  Gallery, 


St.  Petersburg. — Bode,  Studien,  Ili8;  P>ur- 
ger,  Musces,  i.  170  ;  ii.  222  ;  Immer/eel,  ii. 
87  ;  Kramm,  iii.  81(i. 

JONGHE,  GUSTAVE  DE,  born  at  Cour- 
tray,  Feb.  4,  1828.  Genre,  painter,  son  of 
Jan  Baptist,  pupil  in  Brussels  of  Nave/. 
Has  successively  painted  portraits  and  sacred 
history,  historical  genre,  and  family  scenes. 
Gold  medals  in  Amsterdam  (18(!2)  and  Paris 
(18G3).  Works  :  Notre  Dame  de  Bon  Se- 
cours  (1854)  ;  Orphans  and  their  Grand- 
mother (18fi2)  ;  Piety  (18G4)  ;  Convalescent 
(18(50)  ;  Birthday  Congratulations  ;  Lady 
before  Mirror  ;  Declaration  of  Love  (1SS4) ; 
Giving  Alms,  Ghent  Museum.  Art  Journal 
(18GG),  301  ;  Illus.  London  News,  18G1). 


JONGHE,  JAN  BAPTIST  DE,  born  at 

Courtray,  Jan.  8,  1785,  died  in  Brussels  in 

Oct.,  1844.  Landscape 

painter,  pupil  of  Om- 

meganck  and  of  Cour- 
tray   Academy  ;    won 

first  prixc  in  Ghent  in 

LSI 2,    gold    medal    at 

Courtray ,    and     silver 

medals  at    Do  nay, 

Brussels,  and  ISruges  ; 

visited     Holland, 

France,   and  England. 

and  was  professor  at  Courtray  Academy!  I82(!) 
and  at  Antwerp  Academy  (1840).  Works: 
Travellers  Resting ;  Farm  in  Flanders;  In- 
teriorof  Farm  ;  Viewof  Chateau  d'Auderme  ; 
Market  Day  at  Court  ray  (IS2H|,  Amsterdam 
Museum;  Environs  of  Tournay,  I >russels Mu- 
seum :  Mew  near  Courtray,  Stream  with  ('at- 
tic. Ghent  Museum  ;  Flock  of  Sheep,  Tour- 
nay  Museum.  —  Miog.  nat.  de  I>elt,'i<|iie,  v. 
211  ;  Cotta's  Kunstbl.  (1S11).  1:10  :  Inmier- 
/ecl,  ii.  Si);  Larousse.  \\.  I0l:t;  Sunaert, 
107. 

JOX(iKINI),  JOHAN  UARTIIOU).  born 
at  Latrop.  Holland,  in  1S2'J.  Marine  and 
landscape  painter,  pupil  in  Paris  of  Isabev; 
lives  in  Brussels.  Medal,  .">d  class.  I'aris. 
185-2.  Works  :  Harbour  of  Harlleur  I  ls5iii: 
Treport  (1S52);  Course  of  the  Seine.  Souve- 
nir of  Havre  (l.S5i{):  Notre  Dame  from  Pont 
de  la  Tournelle,  Quai  d'Orsay,  Mooniise  in 
Paris  (1X55);  Dutch  Landscape  ;  Dutch  Ca- 
nal near  Rotterdam  by  Moonlight ;  TlicMaas 
near  Dordrecht  by  Moonlight.  Bellier,  i. 
s:l7  ;  Larousse,  ix.  10|:i  ;  Miiller,  2S(I. 

JOPLING.  JOSEPH  MIDDLETON,  born 
in  London  in  1S:!1.  Figure,  fruit,  and  llower 
painter,  self-taught  ;  spent,  three  winters  in 
Rome  in  studying  old  masters.  Studio  in 
London.  Works  :  Tea  Rose  ;  Joan  of  Arc 
at  her  Trial;  Fair  Florist  ;  In  the  Conser- 
vatory, Artist  and  Model,  Wallflowers (1877); 
Raspberries.  Strawberries,  Chrysanthemums 
(187H);  Lady  Hildred,  Azalea  (187!));  Spring 
(1SKO);  Yellow  Jessamine.  Sweet  IVas(lKHl); 
Almond  Blossoms  (1S82I:  Daughter  of  Eve, 


JOPLIXG 


Interrupted  (1883);  3Iaircli.il Niel Ease,  York 
and  Lancaster  Eoses,  Lost  Chord  (1884). 

JOPLING,  LOUISE,  born  in  Manches- 
ter, Nov.,  1843.  Born  Louise  Goode  ;  mar- 
ried Mr.  Homer  (died  1872),  Secretary  to 
I  iaron  Nathaniel  de  Rothschild,  Paris,  where 
she  studied  art  under  Charles  Chaplin  in 
1807-08  ;  returned  in  18(58  to  England  and 
married  second  in  1874  Mr.  Joseph  Middle- 
ton  Jopling.  Exhibited  her  first  picture  at 
Royal  Academy,  Bud  and  Bloom,  in  1871. 
Works:  Five  V)  clock  Tea  (1874);  Elaine, 
Modern  Cinderella  (1875)  ;  Five  Sisters  of 
York  (1870);  Weary  Waiting,  It  might  have 
Been  (1877);  Pity  Akin  to  Love  (1878);  Fair 
Rosamond,  Children  in  the  Wood  (1881)  ; 
Phyllis,  Ellen  Terry  as  Portia  (1882);  Daisy, 
Phyllis,  Summer  Snow,  Saturday  Night 
(1883) ;  Chiistabel,  From  my  Gondola,  Fail- 
Venetian  (1884)  ;  Little  Bo-Peep  (1885). 

JORDAENS,  HANS,  the  younger,  sur- 
namcd  de  lange  Jordaens,  born  in  Antwerp 
about  151)5,  died  there  after  July  14,  1(143. 
Flemish  school  ;  history  painter,  probably 
son  and  pupil  of  Hans  Jordaens,  the  elder, 
who  entered  the  guild  at  Antwerp  in  1582, 
and  by  whom  there  is  a  Banquet  Scene  in 
the  Dresden  Gallery ;  master  of  the  guild 
in  1020.  Not  to  be  confounded  with  the 
different  Jordaens  of  Delft.  Works:  Cross- 
ing the  Red  Sea,  Antwerp  Museum  ;  do., 
Hague  Museum  ;  do.,  Oldenburg  Gallery  ; 
do.  (2,  one  dated  1024),  Berlin  Museum  ; 
do.,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg;  do.,  Hamp- 
ton Court  Gallery  ;  do.,  Pinacoteca,  Turin  ; 
Art-Cabinet,  Vienna  Museum. — Meyer,  Ge- 
miilde  d.  Kongl.  Mus.,  223  ;  Riegel,  Bei- 
triige,  ii.  293  ;  Rooses  (Reber),  352. 

JORDAENS,  JAKOB,  born  in  Antwerp, 
May  19,  1593,  died  there,  Oct.  18,  1078. 
Flemish  school ;  history  painter,  scholar  of 
Adam  van  Noort,  whose  daughter  he  mar- 
ried ;  received  as  master  in  the  painters' 
guild  in  1015,  and  in  the  following  year 
married  Katherine,  his  master's  daughter. 
Instead  of  going  to  Italy,  he  studied  the  pic- 
tures of  the  great  Italian  masters,  especially 
Titian,  at  home,  and  becoming  intimate  with 


Rubens,  assisted  him  in  preparing  cartoons 
for  the  tapestries  of  the  king  of  Spain.  With 
a  fine  feeling  for 
colour  and  chiaro- 
scuro, great  facility 
and  skill  in  com- 
position, Jordaens 
wants  taste  and  ele- 
vation of  style,  is 
often  but  a  vulgar 
Rubens.  In  1041 
he  built  a  fine 
house  at  Antwerp, 

where  he  spent  the  greater  part  of  his 
life.  Works:  Judgment  of  Solomon, 
Marriage  of  St.  Catherine,  Christ  and  St. 
John,  Meleager  and  Atalanta,  Holocaust  to 
Pomona,  Diana's  Bath,  Family  Scene  in  a 
( iarden,  Wandering  Musicians,  Madrid  Mu- 
seum ;  Clii-ixt  driving  out  the  Money  Chan- 
gers, Last  Judgment  (1G53),  The  Four  Evan- 
gelists, Infancy  of  Jupiter,  Twelfth  Night, 
As  the  Old  sing  so  the  Young  Twitter,  Por- 
trait of  Admiral  Ruyter,  Louvre,  Paris ; 
Christ  and  the  Pharisees,  Distress  of  the 
Prodigal,  The  Apostles,  Twelfth  Night,  Su- 
sanna and  (ho  Elders,  Lille  Museum;  Visi- 
tation, Nativity,  Lyons  Museum  ;  Miracu- 
lous Draught  of  Fishes,  Marseilles  Museum  ; 
Christ  and  the  Woman  taken  in  Adultery. 
Renncs  Museum  ;  Christ  with  Martha  and 
Mary,  An  Elder,  Rouen  Museum  ;  Last  Sup- 
per, Sisters  of  Charity,  Entombment,  Ado- 
ration of  the  Shepherds,  Pegasus,  Commerce 
and  Industry  protecting  the  Arts,  Human 
Law  based  on  Divine  Law,  Lady's  Portrait, 
Museum,  Antwerp  ;  Martyrdom  of  St.  Apol- 
lonia,  Augustine's,  ib. ;  St.  Charles  Borromeo 
interceding  for  the  Plague-stricken  at  Milan, 
St.  James's,  ib. ;  Christ  on  the  Cross,  St.  Paul's, 
ib. ;  St.  Martin  expelling  an  EvilSpirit  (1C30), 
Allegory  on  Fertility,  Satyr  and  Peasant, 
Triumph  of  Prince  Frederik  Heudrik  of 
Nassau,  Allegory  on  Vanity,  Eliezer  and 
Rebekah,  Museum,  Brussels  ;  As  the  Old 
Sing  so  the  Young  Twitter,  Arenberg  Gal- 
lery, ib. ;  St.  Ambrose,  Reconciliation,  Christ 
and  the  Woman  taken  in  Adultery,  Ghent 


354 


JORDAN 


Museum  ;  Calvary,  Tournny  Museum  ;  Satyr 
and  Peasant,  Amsterdam  Museum  ;  Faun 
and  Nymph,  Venus  in  a  Grotto  (copy  after 
Rubens),  Museum,  Hague  ;  Triumph  of 
Prince  Frederik  Hendrik  of  Nassau,  Huis 
iu't  Bosch,  ib. ;  Adoration  of  the  Magi, 
Christ  bearing  the  Cross,  Rotterdam  Mu- 
seum ;  Convocation  of  the  Four  Fathers  of 
the  Church,  Basle  Museum  ;  Feast  of  the 
Bean  (sketch  to  painting  in  Munich  Pinako- 
thek),  Berne  Museum  ;  As  the  Old  sing  so 
the  Young  Twitter,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Adora- 
tion of  the  Shepherds,  Holy  Family,  Christ 
at  Emmaus,  Feast  of  the  Bean,  Democritus 
and  Heraclitus,  Male  Head,  Brunswick  Mu- 
seum ;  Moses  striking  the  Rock,  Carlsruhe 
Gallery  ;  Pan  and  the  Peasant  ('2),  Artist's 
Family,  Bacchus  with  Bacchantes,  The  I'ap- 
Kater,  Education  of  Bacchus,  Twelfth  Night, 
Merchant  and  Moor,  Cassel  Gallery  ;  1'ro- 
metheus,  Neptune,  Cologne  Museum  ;  Nai- 
ads changing  the  Horn  of  Aehelous  (Hi  12 
or  1(»4!>  ?),  Christ  and  the  Children,  Susanna 
at  the  Bath  (1(>5U),  Copenhagen  Gallery; 
Allegory  on  Virtue,  Solomon's  Judgment, 
J)armstadt  Museum  ;  Ariadne,  Silenus,  Di- 
ogenes seeking  an  Honest  Man,  Visit  to  the 
Sepulchre,  Presentation  in  the  Temple,  As 
the  Old  sing  so  the  Young  Twitter,  Satyr 
and  Young  Girl,  Male  Portrait,  Hercules 
with  Bacchantes  and  Satyrs  (after  Rubens), 
Dresden  Museum  ;  Merry- Making,  Diissel- 
dorf  Gallery  ;  Cupid  assisting  at  Toilet  of 
Venus,  Gotha  Museum  ;  Abraham  and  Isaac, 
Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Nymphs  and  Satyrs 
in  the  Woods,  Provinzial  Museum,  Hanover  ; 
Faun,  Konigsberg  Museum  ;  Christ  among 
the  Doctors,  Last  Supper,  Mentz  Museum  ; 
Satyr  and  Peasant,  Feast  of  the  Bean,  Christ 
among  the  Doctors,  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ; 
St.  Jerome,  Diana  and  Nymphs  Bathing,  Mir- 
acle of  St.  Dominik,  Oldenburg  Gallery  ;  St. 
Jerome,  Holy  Family,  Schleissheim  Gallery  ; 
Nocturnal  Apparition,  Schwerin  Gallery  ; 
Vertumnus  and  Pomona,  Daxlalus  and  Ica- 
rus, Stuttgart  Museum ;  Twelfth  Night, 
Vienna  Museum  ;  Meleager  and  Atalanta, 
Wiesbaden.  Gallery  ;  St.  Paul  aud  Barnabas 


at  Lystra,  St.  Peter,  Madonna,  Diana  aud 
Nymphs  disturbed  by  Satyrs,  Mercury  and 
Argus,  Satyr  and  Peasant,  Artist's  Family, 
Family  Group  in  a  Garden,  Artist's  Portrait, 
Portrait-Heads  (4),  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg ;  Ammon  and  Tliamar,  Incident  in  Life 
of  Paris,  Academy,  ib.;  Venus  in  a  Mirror, 
Neptune,  Ufh'/.i,  Florence  ;  Abraham's  Sac- 
rifice, Milan  Academy  ;  Resurrection,  Dutch 
Burgomaster,  Pinacoteca,  Turin  ;  Prince 
Frcderik  Hendrik  of  Orange  and  Consort, 
Devonshire  House,  London  ;  Holy  Family, 
Theology,  National  Gallery,  Dublin  ;  Artist's 
Portrait,  National  (  lallery,  Edinburgh  ;  Fruit 
Seller,  Glasgow  Gallery;  Triumph  of  Bac- 
chus, Visit  of  St.  .John  to  Infant  Christ, 
Sketch  from  Sacred  History,  New  York  Mu- 
seum.- L'Art  (188-2),  iv.2  11  ;  |  ISSIil,  i.  41  ;  C'h. 


.7  JvK  -/ 
J.  Juf\  .  fa.  i 


Blanc,  Foolo  flaniandc  ;  Cat.  du  Must'-e  d'An- 
vers  (1S74),  '217;  Engerth,  Belvedere  Galerie, 
ii.217;  Fetis,('at.duMus.  Royal.  :!•"><  I;  Gi'nard, 
Notice  sur  J.  -I.  (Ghent,  1N.~>2);  Immeiv.eel,  ii. 
i)l;  Kramm,  iii.  821  ;  Kugler  (Crowe),  ii.  :$!(•; 
Michiels.  vii.  Hint  ;  Riegel.  IVitriige,  ii.  10(1; 
Rouses  (  Rebel-),  :i.V2;  Schaefer,  iii.  1  Hi."),  1  170, 
11SIJ,  IliM),  1204,  120C.,  124S;  VandenBran- 
den,  814  ;  Wauters,  Peinture  flamande,  21"). 
JORDAN,  RUDOLF,  born  in  Berlin,  May 
4,  1S10.  Genre  paint- 
er, studied  tirst  from 
nature  on  the  isle  of 
Riigen,  then  at  the 
Diisseldorf  Academy 
under  Schadow  and 
Karl  Sohn  ;  has  re- 
peatedly visited  Hol- 
land, Belgium,  France, 
and  Italy.  Member 
of  Berlin,  Dresden, 
Amsterdam,  and  Brussels  Academies.  Med- 
als :  Berlin,  18(56,  1878  ;  Vienna,  1873  ;  Phila- 
delphia, 187G.  Works  :  Fisherman's  Fain- 


355 


JOKIS 


ily  (1832);  Proposal  of  Marriage  in  Hclgo-  '215;  Rosenberg,  Berliner  Malerschule,  45  ; 
land  (1834),  Windlass  in  Normandy  (1843),  :  Wiegmann,  287. 

Death  of  the  Pilot  (185G),  Old  Sailor's  Home  JOKIS,  PIO,  born  in  Rome  in  June,  1843. 
on  Dutch  Coast  (18GG),  Widow's  Comfort  Genre  and  landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Acad- 
(18WI),  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Forgotten  emy  of  San  Luca  and  of  Fortuny  ;  visited 
Boots/Eveuiiig  in  Helgoland,  Return  of  the  Venice,  Munich,  and  Paris  in  1809,  London 
Pilots' (1835);  ^Pilot's  Alarm-Bell  (1838-39);  in  1870,  and  Spain  in  1871-72.  President 


(183! 

Pilot's  Examination  (1842);  Scene  on  the 
Downs  after  Storm  (1844);  Women  calling 
Men  to  the  Rescue  of  Ship  (1845);  Saved 
from  Shipwreck  (1848),  Dresden  Gallery  ; 
First  Lie  (184!));  Burial  of  Youngest  Child, 


of  Societa  d'  acquerellisti  in  Rome,  honorary 
member  of  Sociute  beige  des  aquarellistes, 
member  of  several  Art-Unions  ;  Italian 
Crown  Order,  Bavarian  Order  of  St.  Mi- 
chael ;  Gold  medal,  Munich,  1809  ;  twelve 


Provinxial  Museum,  Hanover  ;  Women  pray-   medals  in 


Chastity  of  Joseph,  Johan 


1878-81.  Works  :  Roman  Peas- 
ant Girl  and  Shepherd 
(18GG) ;  Greeting  of  the 
Virgin  Mary  (18G7) ;  Wed- 
ding in  Palombara,  Sabi- 
na,  Hasty  Meal,  Concert 
in  Genax.zano  (18G8) ;  Sun- 
day Morning  before  the 
Porta  del  Popolo  (18G9); 
Via  Flaminia  in  the  Rain 
(1870);  Saladad,  Spanish 
Dance  (1872);  Art  Ama- 
teurs, Beggar  in  Toledo 
(1872),  Reitlinger  Gallery, 
Paris  ;  Return  to  Convent 
(1873) ;  Young  Greek  AVo- 
man,  Poet  after  Festival 
in  Villa  d'Este  (1874);  Par- 
son as  Antiquary  (1875) ; 
Return  of  Orphans,  Bap- 
tism in  Roma  Priora 


ing  in   the   Storm  (1852)  ;  Helgoland    Pilot  (187<1);  After  Vespers,  Forio  d'Ischia  (1877); 

Family  burying  Child  (1857),   Haveiu'  Gal-  Baptism  in  Ischia  (1878)  :  Replica,  Neapoli- 

lery,    Berlin;    Hot  urn    of    the    Fisherman;  tan  Head  (1879)  ;  Pastime  in  Last  Century, 

Morning    after    Wedding    (1801),    Leipsic  At  the  Antiquary's  (1880);  Arch  of  Titus  in 

Museum  ;  Soup  for  the  Sick  (18(i2),  Expec-  Rome,  Woman  of  Sonnino,  Woman  of  Jeru- 

tation,    Diisseldorf   Gallery  ;    Soup-Day    in  salem.  Cardinal  going  to  Consistory  (1881); 

French  Convent  (18G8),  Cologne  Museum  ;  Odalisque  (1882)  ;  Flight  of  Pope  Eugeuius 

Coast-Watch,    Fraucnhnys   in    Amsterdam,  IV.    (1883),  National  Gallery,  Rome  ;  Poor 

Burial  of  Old  Sailor,  Shipwrecked  People  Soldier  as  Ballad  Singer  (1883).— L'lllustr. 

in  Tavern  on  Coast  (1872);  Waiting-House  italiana  (1875-77);  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xviii. 

near  Scheveniugen ;  Happiness  and  Labour;  531,  G29  ;  xix.  574  ;  xxi.  549,  564. 

Missing  Boat  (187G) ;  Tavern  on  Dutch  Coast  JOSEPH  AND  HIS  BRETHREN,  Murillo, 

(1884).— D.  Kunstbl.  (1858),  287  ;   Diosku-  Sir  Richard  Wallace,  Bart,  London;  canvas, 

ren,  18GG-G9  ;  Jordan  (1885),  ii.  109  ;  Mill-  H.  about  5  ft.x7  ft.     In  centre,  four  figures, 

Icr,  307;  Wolfgang  Midler,    Diisseldf.    K.,  among  them,  Joseph,  hi  a  scanty  white  gar- 


356 


JOSEPH 


inent,  borne  by  two  of  his  brethren  to  the  and  Ilcnncr  in  1827.  Engraved  by  Monaco  ; 
mouth  of  the  pit ;  on  left,  three  other  P.  Tanji'.—  Gal.  Hoy.  de  Dresde,  i.  PI.  4G. 
brothers;  at  right,  four  others  and  a  dog.  By  Lionello  ,S/xi//a,  Lille  Museum ;  canvus, 
Bought  from  Capuchin  Convent,  Genoa,  for  H.  5  ft.  G  in.  •  4  ft.  (!  in.  Potiphar's  wife, 
Mr.  Buchanan  ill  1803-G  ;  sold  to  John  Cave,  sitting  upon  a  couch,  endeavours  to  detain 
€800  ;  W.  Cave  sale  (1854),  Cl,7G4,  to  Mar-  Joseph,  who  flees,  leaving  his  mantle  in  her 
quis  of  Hertford,  whence  by  bequest  to  Sir  hands.  Formerly  in  Modenn  Gallery.-  Lm- 
It.  Wallace — Buchanan,  Memoirs,  ii.  144,  don,  Musee,  viii.  PI.  47  ;  Filhol,  iii.  PI.  lf>2. 
171;  Curtis,  121.  JOSEPH,  COAT  OF,  !'«.•/«*/««,  Escorial, 

JOSEPH,  CHASTITY  OF  (Gen.  xxxix),  Spain;  six  figures,  lifc-si/.e.  Jacob  sits  on 
Johan  llili'irlt,  Uftizi,  Florence  ;  wood,  tig-  right  in  the  shadow  of  his  house  ;  before' 
urea  life-size.  Potiphar's  wife,  seated  on  him  stand  five  of  his  sons,  two  of  them  hold- 
the  edge  of  a  bed,  endeavours  to  detain  Jo-  ing  Joseph's  coat,  the  white  lining  of  which 
seph,  who  is  struggling  to  free  himself  from  is  stained  with  blood  ;  on  left,  another  son 

tearing  his  hair;  at  Jacob's  feet,  a  white 
dog,  barking.  Painted  by  Velasquez  on  his 
first  journey  to  Koine  ( K'>2'.I-:>1 )  and  sent, 
with  the  Forge  of  Vulcan,  to  the  King. 
Never  engraved.— Curtis,  '1. 

JOSEPH,  HISTOUY  OF,   /,',//./,</.•/.     See 
%,/w/'s  Bible. 

JOSEPH  AND  POTIPIIAKS  \\IFF, 
lii'inlii'ciinll,  Berlin  Museum;  canvas.  II.  :> 
ft.  8  in.  •  2  ft.  \(Y\  in.  Potiphar's  wife,  in 
a  red-silk  robe,  sitting  beside  a  bed  in  a 
richly  furnished  apartment,  with  her  hus- 
band standing  behind  her  chair,  accuses  Jo- 
seph, who  stands  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
bed  with  hands  and  eyes  upraised.  For- 
merly in  collection  of  Lord  \Villoughby  ; 
passed  about.  1820  to  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence, 
after  whose  decease  sold  (|s:!D)  for  .">70 
guineas  to  Joseph  Neeld,  M.P. ;  purchased  in 
1884  for  Berlin  Museum.  Similar  composi- 
tion, with  changes  (2  ft.  <  1  ft.  '.)  in.;  signed, 
dated  1<;.">7,  engraved  by  Exshaw),  in  Her- 
mitage, St.  Petersburg.  -Smith,  vii.  8; 
her  grasp.  Painted  in  1G24  by  commission  Athemeum,  Nov.  8,  1884,  .V.I8  ;  Yosmaer, 
from  Cardinal  Carlo  and  Lorenzo  de'  Medici.  4!MI. 

— Rosini,  vi.   93;  Molini,  Gall,  di  Fircnze,        JOSEPH,  ST.,  AND  INFANT  CIIKIST, 
v.   1.  <!i<iil»  Reni,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg.     St. 

By  Carlo  Ciijnani,  Dresden  Gallery  ;  can-  '  Joseph,  dressed  in  a  gray  linen  tunic  and 
vas,  octagonal,  3  ft.  G  in.  diameter.  Figures  yellow  mantle,  carries  in  his  arms  the  Infant, 
half-length.  Joseph  flying  from  the  impor-  who  holds  a  flower  in  his  left  hand  ;  in  back- 
tun  ities  of  Potiphar's  wife.  Painted  for  Con-  ground,  to  right,  the  Virgin  is  seen  riding 
tarini,  Procurator  of  S.  Marco,  Venice;  on  an  ass  led  by  an  angel.  Bought  for  7,900 
bought  for  GOO  sequins  in  1754  from  Casa  florins  from  the  gallery  of  William  II.,  King 
Coutarini,  Venice.  Restored  by  Pulmaroli  of  the  Netherlands. — Cut.  Hermitage. 


Chast'ly  of  Jui>eph,  Lioncllo  Spada,  LMIo  Muso 


357 


JOSEPH 


By  NuriUo,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ; 
canvas,  H.  2  ft.  3  in.  x  1  ft.  8  in.  The  Saint, 
in  dark  robe  and  yellow  mantle,  with  lily 
branch  in  right  hand,  embraces  with  left  the 
Child,  who  stands,  partly  draped,  before  him, 
looking  front.  Purchased  about  1820,  prob- 
ably in  Paris.  Engraved  by  J.  G.  Navia.— 
Curtis,  255  ;  Cat.  Hermitage. 

By  Murillo,  Hermitage  ;  canvas,  H.  2  ft. 
3  in.  x  1  ft.  8  in.  The  Saint,  witli  lily  branch 
in  left  hand,  leads  Jesus  with  right ;  above, 
two  angels  ;  background,  landscape.  Pre- 
sented to  Emperor  by  Mr.  Coesvelt. — Curtis, 
255  ;  Cat.  Hermitage. 

By  Murilln,  Seville  Museum  ;  canvas,  H. 
7  ft.  5  in.  X  4  ft.  1  in.  St.  Joseph,  standing 
on  right,  embraces  Jesus,  who  stands,  draped, 
on  a  pedestal,  with  a  lily  branch  in  left  hand  ; 
both  look  front  ;  background,  landscape. 
Painted  about  1(!7C  for  high  altar  of  Church 
of  Capuchin  Convent,  Seville.  Companion 
to  St.  John  Baptist  (Seville  Museum).  En- 
graved by  A.  Lurat. — Curtis,  252. 

By  Min-illo,  Mrs.  Lyne  Stephens,  Lyn- 
ford  Hall,  Brandon,  Norfolk  ;  canvas,  H.  3 
ft,  1  in.  x  2  ft.  8  in.  St.  Joseph,  seen  to 
knees,  seated  front,  with  Jesus,  standing,  on 
his  left  ;  his  right  hand  holds  the  Child's 
left,  the  two  holding  a  lily  branch,  which 
rests  on  Joseph's  right  shoulder.  Louis 
Philippe  sale  (1853),  €440.  Engraved  by 
Lemoine  ;  Cottin  ;  lithographed  by  Geoffroy 
(2),  E.  Lasalle  (2),  M.  Lavigne,  L.  Maurin, 
Llanta  (3),  and  others,  Repetitions  :  Sir 
John  Leslie,  Bart.,  London  ;  Francis  Cook, 
Richmond  Hill  ;  D.  Roberto  Kith  y  Somera, 
Seville.—  Curtis,  253. 

By  Murillo,  Earl  of  Straftbrd,  Wrotham 
Park,  Herts  ;  canvas,  H.  7  ft.  2  in.  x  5  ft.  2 
in.  The  Saint,  in  violet  robe  and  brown 
mantle,  holding  a  lily  branch,  bends  towards 
the  Child,  whom  he  holds  with  right  hand  ; 
they  walk  to  left  looking  at  each  other; 
background,  landscape.  Repetitions :  Pour- 
talvs  sale  (1865),  15,000  francs;  D.  Antonio 
Zulueta,  Cadiz.— Curtis,  253. 

JOSEPH  IN  PRISON  (Gen.,  xl.),  Spagn- 
oletto,  Escorial,  Spam.  Joseph,  when  in 


'  prison,  interpreting  the  dreams  of  the  chief 
baker  and  the  chief  butler  of  Pharaoh's 
household.  Engraved  by  Bannerman. — 
Reveil,  ii.  105. 

JOSEPHINE,  CORONATION  OF,  Louis 
Daoid,  Versailles  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  20  ft. 
2  in.  x  33  ft.  Ceremony  in  Notre  Dame, 
Paris,  Dec.  G,  1804.  Originally  entitled  the 
Coronation,  and  though  intended  to  recall 
the  crowning  of  Napoleon,  the  scene  repre- 


joseph 


Spagnolelto,  Escorial,  Spain. 


sented  is  the  coronation  of  Josephine  by  Na- 
poleon himself.  The  Emperor,  descending 
from  the  altar,  holds  aloft  the  crown  which 
he  is  about  to  place  on  the  head  of  the  Em- 
press, who  is  kneeling.  Behind  Napoleon  is 
the  Pope,  and  near  him  several  cardinals 
and  bishops  ;  further  back  are  the  ambassa- 
dors, and  in  front,  at  right,  are  Princes  Le- 
brun,  Cambaceres,  Bcrthicr,  and  Talleyrand- 
Perigord.  Behind  the  Empress  is  Joachim 
Murat,  and  near  him  Marshals  Serrurier, 
Moncey,  Bessieres,  and  General  d'Harville  ; 
to  the  left  sits  the  Archbishop  of  Paris,  and 
near  him  General  Junot,  the  Queens  of  Na- 
ples and  of  Holland,  and  the  Emperor's 
brothers  ;  behind  them  are  Marshals  Le- 
febvre,  Kellerman,  Perignon,  and  General 
Duroc.  In  the  lower  gallery  sits  the  Em- 
peror's mother,  with  other  ladies  ;  in  the 
upper  gallery  stands  David  himself,  sketch- 
ing. Salon,  1808.  Engraved  by  Frilley. — 
lli-veil,  viii.  557  ;  Gal.  de  Versailles,  iv.  743. 
JOUETT,  MATTHEW  HARRIS,  bora  in 
Mercer  County,  Ky.,  April  22,  1788,  died  at 


368 


JWRDALN 


Lexington,  Ky.,  Aug.  10,  1827.  Portrait 
painter ;  educated  a  lawyer,  served  in  war 
of  1812-14,  and  at  its  close  opened  a  studio 
in  Lexington  ;  in  1810  studied  four  months 
in  Boston  under  Gilbert  Stuart.  He  painted 
during  bis  short  career  more  than  'MO  por- 
traits, including  among  his  sitters  many 
distinguished  persons.  His  full-length  por- 
trait of  Lafayette  is  in  the  capitol  at  Frank- 
fort, and  a  bust  portrait  of  same  is  owned 
by  Mrs.  Pauline  Rodes,  Richmond,  Ky. 
Other  good  examples  of  his  work  arc  in 


Medals:  3d  class,  1870;  2d  class,  1881. 
Works  :  The  Customer  (187!))  ;  Towing 
(1881);  Departure  of  the  Fishermen,  Carpet 
Ba/aar  in  Cairo,  Venice  ;  Baby's  Sleep 
(1884);  Lime-Kiln,  A  Cloud  (1885). 

JOUKDAX,  ADOLPHE,  born  at  Nimcs, 
Aug.  4,  1S2").  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Jala- 
bert  ;  skilful  in  painting  flesh.  Medals  : 
1804,  18(ii;,  and  ISC!).  Works  :  Leda(lsr,4); 
Cupid's  Secrets  (1800);  Venus  and  Cupid 
(ISO'.I);  Meditation,  Young  Italian  Mother, 
Pursuit  (1874)  ;  Little  Girl  (187."))  ;  Parting. 


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Coronation  of  Josephine,  Louis  David,  Versailles 


possession  of  Landon  Thomas.  Frankfort  ; 
John  Mason  Brown,  Henry  Pindell,  W.  C. 
Humphrey,  Henry  Sanders,  Blanton  Dun- 
can, Shelby  Todd,  R.  J.  Menefee,  Louisville  ; 
Mrs.  Margaret  Preston,  Mrs.  Judge  Wood- 
ward, Mrs.  Benjamin  Grat/,  Miss  Mary 
Bullock,  Robert  Peter,  Mrs.  Oliver  Fra/er, 
Mrs.  George  "NV.  Norton,  Lexington  ;  Robert 
J.  Breckenridge,  Danville  ;  A.  J.  Alexander. 
Spring  Station,  Ky. 

JOURDAIN,  ROGER  JOSEPH,  born  at 
Louviers  (Eure),  in  Dec.,  184.".  Genre  and 
landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Cabanel  and  Pils. 


Three  Friends  (1870)  ;  Breakfast  at  St.  HO- 
IK >rat  (18~7);  On  the  Banks  of  the  Gardon 
(1878);  Venus,  Nurse  (18711);  Mother  and 
Child  (1S8II)  ;  The.  First,  Step  (1881);  Girl 
with  a  Shell  (1882)  ;  Woman  Charming  a 
Bird  (1883);  First  Smiles,  Study  (1884); 
Uno  Loge,  Brindisi  (1885)  ;  The  Betrothed, 
Win.  Astor,  New  York.— Bcllicr,  i.  841. 

JOURDAN,  THEODORE,  born  at  Salon 
(Bouches  du  Rhone),  July  2!),  18:tl!.  ( icnre 
painter,  pupil  in  Paris  of  Loubon  ;  profeBsor 
of  design  in  the  Marseilles  School  of  Art. 
Works  :  Winding  Cocoons  near  Aries. 


S5'J 


JOURDY 


Melon  Market  in  Cavaillon  (18G5)  ;  Little 
Thieves  (I860);  Girl  with  a  Frog  (18G8); 
Brotherly  Help  (I860) ;  Collecting  Cocoons 
in  Salon  (1870)  ;  Departure  of  a  Herd  to 
the  Mountains  (1872) ;  Returning  to  the 
Farm  (1873)  ;  Grandmother  (1875);  Walk 
by  the  Sea  in  Provence  (1870)  ;  Faithful 
Guardian  (1877) ;  Infant  and  Lamb  (1870)  ; 
Herd  in  Provence  (1880)  ;  Sheep  at  the 
Drinking  Place  (1882);  Corner  of  the  Fold, 
Sheep  on  the  Mountain  (1883). 

JOUKDY,  PAUL,  born  in  Dijon,  Dec.  15, 
1X05.  died  in  Paris,  Oct.  28,  18/50.  History 
painter,  pupil  of  Lethiere  and  Ingres  ;  won 
grand  prix  de  Rome  in  18134,  and  became  :i 
painter  of  merit.  Medals  :  2d  class,  1842  ; 
1st  class,  1847  ;  from  1851  till  his  death  he 
was  president  of  the  central  committee  of 
artists  in  Paris.  Works:  Homer  chanting 
his  Verses  (1834)  :  Eve  Tempted  (1830); 
Girl  fastening  her  Earring  (1X39),  King  of 
Holland  ;  Prometheus  Chained  (1842),  Dijon 
Museum;  Christ  with  the  Doctors  (1X4:!), 
Public  School,  Bourgcs  ;  Baptism  of  Christ 
(1X40),  Church  of  the  White  Friars.  Paris  ; 
Good  Samaritan  (1X47),  bought  by  State  ; 
Seven  Sacraments  (1X50,  fresco),  Church  of 
St.  Elizabeth,  Paris  ;  Woman  Bathing  (1852); 
Joys  of  Peace  (1857) ;  Achilles  and  Sca- 
rnander,  Theseus  recognized  by  his  Father, 
Dijon  Museum  ;  Portrait  of  Nicolas  Male- 
branche, Versailles  Museum. — Bellier,  i.  841. 

JOUVENET,  JEAN,  born  at  Rouen,  April, 
1044,  died  in  Paris,  April  5,  1717.  French 
school  ;  history  painter,  son  and  pupil  of 
Laurent  Jouvenet  (1009-81),  completed 
his  education  in  Paris,  where  he  was  sent 
at  seventeen,  and  took  Poussin  for  his 
model.  His  picture  of  Moses  striking  the 
Rock  won  for  him  the  favour  and  good  offi- 
ces of  Lebrun.  He  became  a  member  of  the 
Academy  in  1075,  professor  in  10X1,  direc- 
tor in  1705,  and  rector  in  1707.  In  his  old 
age,  having  lost  the  use  of  his  right  arm 
by  palsy,  he  painted  the  Magnificat,  now  in 
Notre  Dame,  with  his  left  hand.  Many  of 
his  woi'ks  have  been  engraved.  Works  : 
Christ  healing  a  Paralytic  (1073),  Visitation 


(called  Magnificat),  Notre  Dame  ;  Esther 
swooning  before  Ahasuerus  (1G75),  painted 
for  Academy  ;  Christ  with  Mary  and  Mar- 
tha, Christ  healing  the  Sick  (1G89),  Mirac- 
ulous Draught  of  Fishes  (170G),  Raising  of 
Lazaru*  (1700),  Christ  driving  out  the 
Money  Changers  (replicas  in  Lyons  Muse- 
um and  Schwerin  Gallery)  (170G),  Descent 
from  the  Cross  (1007),  Ascension  (1711), 
Pilgrims  of  Emmaus,  Feast  in  House  of  Si- 
mon, Extreme  Unction,  View  of  High  Altar 
in  Notre  Dame  at  Paris,  Portrait  of  Fagoii 
—Physician  of  Louis  XTV.,  Louvre,  Paris  ; 
Pentecost,  Versailles  Chapel  ;  Twelve  Apos- 
tles, Invalides;  Isaac  blessing  Jacob  (1692), 
Presentation  (1092),  Vision  of  St.  Theresa, 
St.  Cecilia,  Death  of  St.  Francis,  Apotheosis 
of  St.  Luke,  Apotheosis  of  St.  John,  Annun- 
ciation (1085),  Ascension  (1710),  and  others, 
Rouen  Museum  ;  others  in  Grenoble,  Nancy, 
Toulouse,  Caen,  Nimes,  Mans,  Lille,  Reims, 
Rennes,  Orleans,  and  other  provincial  gal- 
leries; St.  Peter  healing  the  Sick,  Basle 
Museum  ;  Apollo  appearing  to  Priestess, 
The  Virgin  bending  over  the  sleeping  Infant 
Christ,  Darmstadt  Museum;  Portraits  of 
Priests  (2),  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  St. 
Ann  and  the  Virgin,  Uffizi,  Florence;  Visita- 
tion of  St.  Isabel,  Madrid  Museum.  —  Bellier, 


iu 


J 


i.  843;  Cli.  Blanc,  Ecole  francaise;  Jal,  709; 
Revue  des  Beaux  Arts  (1859),  357;  Larousse; 
Memoires  inedits,  ii.  23. 

JOUY,  JOSEPH  NICOLAS,  bom  in 
Paris,  Sept.  11,  1809.  History  and  battle 
painter,  pupil  of  Deveria,  Lethiere,  and 
Ingres.  First  painted  portraits  and  then 
several  battle  pieces  for  Versailles  ;  has  also 
treated  religious  subjects.  Medals  :  3d 
class,  1834  ;  2d  class,  1835  ;  1st  class,  1839. 
Works  :  Portrait  of  a  Young  Greek  (1833); 
Combat  of  Heilsberg  (1838),  Versailles  Mu- 


3«0 


JOY  Eli 


seum  ;  Gramlier's  Apology  (1830),  Bordeaux 
Museum  ;  Adoration  of  the  Magi  (1843), 
Prefecture  de  la  Seine,  Paris  ;  Captain  Tron- 
yon  du  Coudray,  Battle  of  Rocroy,  Siege  of 
Landau,  Battle  of  Pozzolo,  Skirmish  of  Tirle- 
niont,  Capture  of  Furnes,  Assault  of  Sierk, 
Surrender  of  Dunkirk,  Versailles  Museum  ; 
Tlie  Crib  (1852);  Holy  Family  (185!))  ; 
Beethoven  with  Peasants,  1'rayer  (1805); 
Inspiration  (1808)  ;  Isaac  anil  Itcbekah 
(180!));  Holy  Family  (INTO);  Mo/.art  in  the 
Sistine  Chapel,  Debrey  Mill  on  Montmartre 
(18711);  Virgin  and  Child  (1880).— Bellier,  i. 
845 ;  Larousse. 

JOVER,  FRANCISCO;  contemi)orary. 
History  painter,  studied  in  Madrid  and  Hume; 
devoted  himself  specially  to  fresco  painting, 
which  he  revived  in  Spain.  Works:  Colum- 
bus as  a  Prisoner  on  board  his  Ship  (isii'J); 
Philip  II.  blessing  his  Children  (I8(i4);  Car- 
dinal Ximenes  delivering  Christians  inOran 
(1H71);  Treaty  of  Cambray  ;  Papal  Court 
and  Capuchin  Saint. 

JOYANT,  JULES  ROMAIN,  born  in 
Paris,  Aug.  10,  1803,  died  there,  .July  0, 
1854.  Landscape  and  architecture  painter, 
j)iil)il  of  Bidauld,  Lethiere,  and  of  the  urehi- 
tect  Huvot.  His  pictures  are  well  composed 
and  correctly  drawn,  and  the  colouring  is 
rich  and  agreeable.  His  masterly  pen-and- 
ink  sketches  are  much  sought  after.  Medals  : 
2d  class,  18:55  ;  Brussels,  1845  ;  L.  of  Hon- 
our, 1852.  Works:  Palace  of  the  Doges  in 
Venice  (1835);  View  of  S.  M.  della  Salute  in 
Venice  (1835),  Nantes  Museum  ;  Ponte  l!i- 
alto  (1841),  Amiens  Museum  ;  C'ampo  Vac- 
cino  in  Rome  (1843),  Dijon  Museum;  Riva 
dei  Schiavoni  (1844)  ;  Old  Palace  of  the 
Popes  lit  Avignon  (1845)  ;  Square  of  S. 
Marco  in  Venice. — Bellier,  i.  845  ;  Larousse. 

JUAN  DK  AUSTRIA,  DON,  IV/^,,,7, 
Madrid  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  (i  ft.  7  in.  x  4 
ft.  A  buffoon,  called  Don  Juan  de  Austria, 
or  the  Artillerist,  standing,  looking  front  ; 
dress,  black  jacket,  red  stockings,  and  black 
hat  with  red  feather;  ground  strewn  with 
weapons  and  armour  ;  through  a  doorway, 
the  sea  and  a  burning  ship.  Latest  manner. 


Engraved  by  Fosseyeux ;  Allais  ;  E.  Lingee 
(as  portrait  of  F.  Cortes).  Etched  by  F. 
Goya;  B.  Maura;  Rajon. — Curtis,  32  ;  (la/.. 
des  B.  Arts  (1880);  xxi.  120  ;  Madrazo,  028. 

JUAN  DE  BAKBALON<  1A.  See  Vcrm,',/- 
cii. 

JUAN  DEDIOS,  SAN,  Mirill,,,  Hospital 
de  la  Caridad,  Seville  ;  canvas,  H.  1 1  ft.  7  in. 
•  S  ft.  10  in.  The  Saint,  sinking  to  his  knees 
under  the  weight  of  a  half-naked  pauper 
whom  he  bears  on  his  back,  beholds  with 
awe  an  angel  who  assists  him  to  rise.  Com- 
panion to  St.  EliznMh  of  Hungary.  Painted 
for  La  Caridad  in  1074.  and  still  in  original 
position.  Copy  by  Dau/.ats  in  LouisPhilippe 
sale. — Curtis,  251  ;  Stirling,  ii.  855  ;  Davies, 
Murillo.  81,  114. 

JUAN,  SHIPWRECK  OF  DON  (Nau- 
frnge  de  Don  Juan),  Eugene  Jii'/ni-rni.i;  Lou- 
vre, Paris  ;  cMivas,  H.  4  ft.  3  in.  •  0  ft.  4  in.; 
signed,  dated  1840.  Illustration  of  Byron's 
"  Doll  Juan  "  (Ch.  ii.  74  75).  Don  Juan  and 
his  companions  in  an  open  boat  at  sea.  Pre- 
sented to  State  in  1883  by  Mine.  Adolphe 
Moreau,  who  was  once  offered  300,1100  francs 
for  it.  Salon,  1841  ;  Exposition  Universelle, 
1855.  Lithographed  by  Francais;  engraved 
by  Desmadryl  in  FArtiste. — Rohau t,  Dela- 
croix, 11)0. 

JUIHLEO  DE  LA  PORCIUNCUIA.  See 
7'ra/if/x  of  Assisi,  St. 

JUDAS,  KISS  OF,  Ernest  /1,'1,,-rt,  Lux- 
embourg Museum,  Pans;  canvas,  II.  S  ft.  1 


Payment  of  Judas,  F(.i  Angetit-o,  Fluo-m...  A,,i.].'nir. 


in.  x  (5  ft.  1  in.     Christ,  in   the  Ciardcn  of 

Oethsemane,  surrounded  by  soldiers,  one  of 

l  whom  is  ready  to  seize  him.  whilst   another 


JUDAS 


holds  up  his  lantern  so  that  the  light  falls 
directly  on  the  face  which  the  false  disciple 
is  about  to  kiss,  all  the  surroundings  being 
wrapped  in  mysterious  shadows.  Salon  of 
1853. 

JUDAS,  PAYMENT  OF,  Fra  Am/din;, 
Florence  Academy.  One  of  the  series  of 
eight  panels,  containing  thirty-five  subjects 
from  the  life  of  Christ,  formerly  on  the 
presses  in  SS.  Annunziata,  Florence.  Judas 
receives  the  money  from  the  high-priest  in 
foreground  ;  in  background,  six  other  fig- 
ures. Kugler  (Eastlake),  i.  1S2  ;  Rrveil, 
xiii.  001. 

JUDGMENT,  LAST.  See  La«t  Judg- 
ment. 

JUDGMENT  OF  PARIS.     See  1'ari*. 

JUDGMENT  OF  SOLOMON.  See  ,S'y/- 
omon. 

JUDITH,  Cristofano  Allori,  Palazzo  Pitti, 
Florence  ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  7  in.  X  3  ft.  8 
in.  Scene  from  apocryphal  book  of  Judith. 


1  who  had  deserted  Allori  for  a  richer  lover, 
the  servant,  her  mother,  and  the  severed 
head  the  painter,  who  thus  sought  to  re- 
venge himself.  Allori's  masterpiece.  Painted 
for  Cardinal  Alessandro  Orsino.  Carried  to 
Paris  in  1700  ;  returned  in  1815.  Several 
repetitions,  best  in  the  Hermitage,  St.  Pe- 


Judith,  Cristofano  Allori,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence. 

Judith,  with  the  head  of  Holofernes  in  one 
hand  and  a  sword  in  the  other  ;  behind  her 
a  servant.  Judith  is  said  to  represent  La 
Mazzafirra,  a  beautiful  Florentine  courtesan 


Judith,  Philip  van  Dyck,  Hague  Museum. 


tersburg  ;  another  in  Vienna  Museum  ;  study 
for  head  of  Judith  in  Rath  Museum,  Geneva. 
Engraved  by  Tardieu  ;  M.  Qandolfi  ;  Gio. 
Cantini  ;  L.  A.  Claessens  ;  J.  Carter  ;  Jazet  ; 
J.  L.  Leronge,  and  others.  —  Gal.  du  Pal. 
Pitti,  i.  PI.  3  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  florentine  ; 
Filhol,  v.  PI.  310  ;  Lasinio,  i.  PL  56  ;  Lan- 
don,  Musre,  vi.  PL  50  ;  Meyer,  Kunst.  Lex., 
i.  500  ;  Larousse,  ix.  1071. 

By  Philip  van  J>yck,  Hague  Museum  ; 
wood,  H.  11  in.  x  12  in.;  signed,  dated  172(!. 
Figures  half-length.  Judith,  leaning  with 
her  right  hand  on  the  sword  with  which  she 
has  slain  Holofernes,  is  about  to  put  his 
head,  held  in  her  left  hand,  into  a  sack  pre- 
sented by  her  attendant,  an  old  woman,  at 
left.  Passed  from  Palace  of  Leeuwarden  to 
cabinet  of  William  V.  ;  carried  to  Paris  by 
the  French.  Engraved  by  C.  Normand  ;  H. 
Guttenberg,  in  Must'e  Napoleon.  —  Landon, 
Must'e,  viii.  14. 

By  Andrea  Manteyna,  Berlin  Museum  ; 
wood,  H.  1G  in.  x  11  in.  ;  tempera,  dated 
1488.  Judith,  standing,  followed  by  her 
servant  bearing  head  of  Holofernes  in  a 
charger  upon  her  head.  Formerly  in  Giusti- 


362 


JUDITH 


niani  Gallery.  Another  Judith  by  Mantegna 
in  Collection  of  Earl  of  Pembroke. — La- 
rousse, is.  1071. 

By  Ihlma  Vecchio,  Uffizi,  Florence  ;  can- 
vas, life-size,  half-length.  With  a  scimetar 
in  right  hand  and  head  of  Holofernes  in  left. 
Much  injured  by  restoration. — C.  \  ('.,  N. 
Italy,  ii.  470. 

By  Girolamo  Itumaniiio,  Berlin  Museum  ; 
wood,  H.  2  ft.  (J  in.  x  2  ft.  :!  in.  Judith, 
half-length,  with  the  head  of  Holofernes  in 
a  charger;  her  maid  looking  on,  and  a  sol- 
dier in  armour  asleep.  Painted  about  1510(V) 
From  Solly  Collection.— C.  A;  C.,  N.  Italy, 
ii.  1570. 

By  Paolo  1'nrniii'xi;  Vienna  Museum  ;  can- 
vas, H.  .'!  ft.  (i  in.  Y.  I!  ft.  1  in.  Judith,  figure 
to  knees,  giving  the  head  of  Holofernes  to 
Abra,  her  black  servant,  who  holds  a  bag  to 
receive  it, ;  in  background,  tent  of  Holofernes. 
Engraved  by  Passini. — Gal.  de  Vieiine,  i.  PI. 
42. 

JUDITH  AND  HOLOFERNES  (apoc- 

r   v- 


Judith  and  Holofemes,  Attemuia  Gentileschi,  Palano  Pitti. 


ryphal  book  of  Judith),    Artemisia 
fc.sc/u,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence  ;  canvas,  H.  3 
ft.  3  in.  x  2  ft.  7  in.     Judith,  aided  by  her 


servant,  is  cutting  oil' with  a  sword  the  head 
of  Holofernes,  who  lies  upon  a  couch  in  his 
tent. — llosini,  vi.  12*. 

By  Micht'lanyelo,  Sistino  Chapel,  llome  ; 
fresco  on  ceiling. 

By  Henri  lliyiumlt,  Marseilles  Museum. 
Judith,  on  the  point  of  striking  Holofernes. 
who  lies  in  a  drunken  sleep  upon  his  lied, 
the  upper  part  of  his  body  nude.  Painted 
in  Home  in  IHIi'.t.  Salon,  IHd'.l. — Gaz.  desB. 
Arts(l)SSl),  xxiv.  !)l  ;  Moniteur,  Aug.,  ISiil) ; 
Chaumelin,  Art  contemporain,  :i!7  ;  La- 
rousse,  ix.  1071. 

By  Tinlni-i-l/ii,  Madrid  Museum.  Three 
pictures:  1.  Judith,  sword  in  hand,  raising 
the  covering  of  the  bed  on  which  Holofernes 
is  lying  ;  behind  her,  the  servant  \\  itli  a  sack. 
2.  Judith  handing  the  head  to  the  servant, 
.'i.  Judith  replacing  the  bed-cover  while  the 
servant  puts  the  head  into  the  sack. — Ma- 
drazo  ;  Larousse,  i\.  li>71. 

By  Horace  I  'i-rnrl.  Louvre,  Paris  ;  canvas, 
H.  lift.!)  in.  •  lift.  ">  in.;  signed,  dated  Konie. 
18:JO.  Judith,  standing  near  the  bed  of 
Holofernes,  is  about  to  strike  oil'  his  head. 
Salon,  ItSlil.  Collection  of  Louis  Philippe. 
Formerly  in  Luxembourg.  Study  for  head 
of  Judith,  J.  H.  Stebbins,  New  York.  — La- 
rousse, ix.  1071. 

JUEL,  JENS,  born  at  (lamborg,  Fiinen, 
May  12,  171."),  died  in  Copenhagen.  Dec.  \>1, 
1S02.  Portrait,  landscape,  and  genre  paint- 
er, pupil  in  Hamburg  of  (iehrmaiin,  then  of 
Copenhagen  Academy  ;  won  first  jiri/.e  in 
1771,  went,  to  Koine  in  1772.  to  Paris  in 
177(5,  and  to  Geneva  in  1777.  liccatnc 
court-painter  in  17S:{  ;  member  of  Copen- 
hagen Academy  in  17M2.  its  director  in 
17'.r>  !>S  and  1SOO-1.  Works:  Anointing 
of  David  (1771),  Portraits  of  the  Kngraver 
Clemens  (177(1).  of  Artist  and  Wife(17Ul), 
of  the  Dwarf  Bajocco,  of  Admiral  Kisbrick, 
of  Abildgaard's  Mother,  six  other  portraits, 
Painter  at  Work,  Fruits  in  a  Niche,  Ap- 
proaching Storm,  Copenhagen  Gallery  ; 
Landscape,  Young  Seamstress,  Sehwerin 
Gallery  ;  Male  Portrait,  National  Gallery, 
Cliristiauia  ;  Portraits  of  Karl  lionet,  KHig 


363 


JTTGELET 


Christ  inn  VII.  and  his  Queen,  the  Poet 
Klopstock  ;  The  Daughters  of  Cousul-Gen- 
eral  Pingel  (1792-94);  Family  of  llaben- 
Levet/au  (1790).— Wcilbach,  239. 

JUGELET,  (JEAN  MAKIE)  AUGUSTE, 
Ixirii  at  Brest,  Aug.  25,  1805,  died  at  Rouen, 
Oct.  22,  1874.  Marine  painter,  pupil  of 
(fudin  ;  has  made  many  voyages  and  gained 
distinction  by  his  marine  views.  Medals :  3d 
class,  1830  ;  'L.  of  Honour,  1847.  Works  : 
Sunrise  at  Sea,  Bay  of  Diuan  (1831);  En- 
virons of  Brest  (1833);  Port  of  Havre,  Hon- 
fleur,  Mont  St.  Michel,  Cliffs  of  Ktretat 
(1835);  A  Fog,  Harbour  of  Conquet  (1830); 
Port  of  Toulon,  Vera  Cruz,  Saint  Jean 
d'Ulloa  (1840);  Christ  stilling  the  Tempest 
(1845);  View  of  Noli,  Environs  of  Dieppe, 
Dieppe  Fishing-Boats  (1847)  ;  A  Storm, 
Island  of  Grand  B<",  Port  of  Genoa  (1847), 
bought  by  State;  View  of  Cannes,  Alassio 
near  Nice  (1852);  Lookout  at  Koatven,  Jetty 
at  Dieppe,  Entrance  to  Portsmouth  (1859); 
Sorceresses,  Harvest  Festival,  Wreck  of  Eng- 
lish Brig  Lord  Gough  at  Dieppe,  Wreck 
of  Sloop  Goole  (1801) ;  Environs  of  Finale 
(1803)  ;  Marine,  Study  of  a  Tree  (1804)  ; 
Tidal  Wave  at  Candebec,  Desert  (1805)  ; 
Cannes,  Storm  on  Channel  Coast  (1808)  ; 
Entrance  to  Brest,  Environs  of  Plougastel 
(180!));  Fight  of  the  Arethusa  with  the  Belle 
Poule,  Versailles  Museum  ;  Port  of  Havre, 
Sea  View  (1870). — Bellier,  i.  840  ;  Laroussc. 

JUGLAMS,  TOMMASO,  bom  at  Monca- 
lieri,  Piedmont,  in  1845.  Genre  and  por- 
trait painter  ;  pupil  of  Turin  Academy  un- 
der Morgari,  then  in  Paris,  whither  he  went 
in  1871,  of  Couture  ;  accepted,  in  1879,  the 
position  as  artistic  director  offered  him  by 
Prang  &  Co.,  in  Boston,  but  resigned  it  af- 
ter six  months  to  practise  his  art  independ- 
ently, and  in  1882  was  made  professor  at 
the  Boston  Academy.  Works  :  Offering  to 
the  Lares  (1878)  ;  Promenade  in  Venice  in 
10th  Century  (1879)  ;  The  Invasion— pre- 
historic scene  (1880). — Gaxetta  del  Popolo 
(1885),  iii.  12. 

JUILLEIIAT,  CLOTILDE  (nee  Gerard), 
bom  in  Lyons,  Nov.  14,  1800.  Genre  and 


portrait  painter,  pupil  of  P.  Delaroche. 
Has  painted  many  highly  successful  por- 
traits. Medals :  3d  class,  1834  ;  2d  class, 
1830  ;  1st  class,  1841.  Works  :  Beggar  and 
Sleeping  Child  (1830);  St.  Elizabeth  of  Hun- 
gary picking  up  a  Little  Beggar  (1841);  Anne 
of  Austria  dressing  St.  Theresa  d'Avila,  The 
Widow  Scarron,  Child  Dreaming  (1840); 
Portraits  of  Marquise  do  Castel-Bajac,  Due 
de  la  lloehefoucald,  and  others. — Bellier,  i. 
847  ;  Laroussc. 

JULIAN  THE  APOSTATE,  Edward  Ar- 


Hospitality  of  St.  Julian,  Crlstofano  Allori,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence. 

milayr,  Liverpool  Art  Gallery  ;  canvas.  The 
emperor,  presiding  at  a  conference  of  sec- 
tarians, is  seated  at  the  end  of  a  table,  sur- 
rounded by  his  pagan  courtiers,  listening 
with  an  attentive  and  judicial  air  to  the  dis- 
putes of  the  eager  Christians  before  him. 
Royal  Academy,  1874  ;  purchased  for  .£1,500 
by  A.  W.  Bennett,  who  presented  it  to  Art 
Gallery.— Art  Journal  (1875),  250,  373. 

JULIAN,  ST.,  HOSPITALITY  OF,  Cris- 
tofano  Allori,  Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence ;  can- 
vas, H.  8  ft.  0  in.  x  6  ft.  6  in.  St.  Julian, 


364 


JIT  LI  EX 


who  had  built  a  hospital  on  the  hanks  of  ;i 
dangerous  river,  in  expiation  of  his  involun- 
tary crime  of  slaying  his  parents,  gives  hos- 
pitality to  a  leper,  who  is  landed  from  a  boat  ; 
in  background,  his  wife,  at  the  door  of  the 
hospital,  gives  bread  to  the  poor.  Scarcely 
had  Julian  put  the  stranger  into  his  own 
bed  when  the  sick  man  became  radiant  with 
light,  and,  informing  his  benefactor  that  his 
crime  was  forgiven,  disappeared.  Acquired 
by  Ferdinand  II.  in  Ki53  ;  carried  to  Paris 
in  17!)!) ;  returned  in  1815.  Engraved  by 
L.  Martelli  Faentino  ;  F.  Gregori ;  (1.  H.  Le 
Villain  ;  (1.  B.  Gatti.—  Gal.  du  Pal.  Pitti,  iv. 
PI.  5  ;  Landon,  Musee,  xiii.  PI.  7  ;  Ktruria 
Pittrice,  ii.  72  ;  Wicar,  4. 

JULIEN  DE  PARME.  See  Jidu-n,  Si- 
mon. 

JULIEN,  SIMON,  born  at  Toulon.  Oct. 
28,  1735,  died  in  Paris,  Feb.  23,  ISOO. 
Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Dandn'-Bardon, 
Carle  Van  Loo,  and  Natoire.  When  he 
joined  Natoire's  school  the  pupils  of  the 
other  masters  called  him  Julien  the  Apos- 
tate. He,  afterwards  styled  himself  Julien 
de  Panne,  after  his  patron  the  Duke  of 
Parma.  His  best  works  are  :  Jupiter  sleep- 
ing in  Juno's  Arms,  Aurora  leaving  Tit  honus, 
St.  Anthony  in  Ecstasy,  Triumph  of  Aure- 
lian  (1783),  and  Portrait  of  Himself  (178!)), 
Toulon  Museum. — Bellier,  i.  841> ;  Gaz.  des 
B.  Arts  (18<;<;),  xxi.  'Ml  ;  Laroussc. 

JULIUS  II.,  POPI-l,  portrait,  AV/y  ,/,«,•/, 
Palazzo  Pitti,  Florence  ;  wood,  H.  .'5  ft.  3  in. 
x  2  ft.  H  in.  Nearly  full  face,  with  full 
white  beard  and  moustaches,  seated  in  an 
arm-chair,  with  a  handkerchief  in  his  right 
hand.  Julius  II.  (1503-13),  previously  Car- 
dinal della  Kovere,  began  present  Church  of 
St.  Peter,  Rome.  Painted  in  Home  about 
1511  or  1512,  formerly  in  S.  M.  del  Popolo, 
Rome  ;  carried  to  Paris  in  17'J!) ;  returned 
in  1815.  Replica  in  National  Gallery,  Lon- 
don, purchased  in  1824  with  Angerstein 
Collection ;  another  in  the  Uftizi,  which 
came  with  Victoria  della  Rovere,  when  she 
married  Ferdinand  II.  de'  Medici.  Passa- 
vant  thinks  the  Pitti  picture  the  original, 


but  now  many  connoisseurs  pronounce  in 
favour  of  the  one  in  the  Uttizi.  Cartoon  in 
Palazzo  Corsini,  Florence.  Engraved  by 
Daverio  ;  G.  Ghisi. — Vasari,  ed.  Mil.,  iv. 
338  ;  Miintz,  38<!  ;  Passavant,  ii.  !)3  ;  Gal. 
du  Pal.  Pitti,  i.  PI.  !)1  ;  Filhol,  i.  PI.  <J5  ; 
Springer,  I'.ll. 

JUNCKER,  JUSTUS,  born  at  Mentz  in 
1703,  died  at  Frankfort  in  17<>7.  German 
school;  still-life,  portrait,  genre,  and  land- 
scape painter,  pupil  at  Frankfort  of  Hugo 
Schlegel  ;  subsequently  formed  himself  after 
Thomas  Wyck,  De  Heem,  and  Van  Huysuni; 
worked  some  time  in  London,  and  settled 
at  Frankfort  in  172<>.  Works  :  Breakfast 
(2),  Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Scholar  in  his  Study, 
Artist  at  his  Easei,  Old  Man  Reading, 
Kitchen-pieces  (3),  Cassel  Gallery;  Fruit- 
pieces  (i!),  Darmstadt  Museum;  Scholar  in 
his  Study  (1754),  Stiidcl  Gallery,  Frankfort  ; 
Calm  Sea  with  Vessels  and  many  Figures, 
Stuttgart  Gallery. 

JUNDT,  (JUST AVK,  born  at  Strasburg, 
June  21,  1830,  died  May  14,  1SJS4.  Genre 
painter  and  caricaturist,  pupil  of  Gnerin, 
Drolling,  and  Biennourry.  A  clever  ami 
faithful  delineator  of  Alsatian  peasant  life. 
First  exhibited  in  Salon  of  185U.  Medals  : 
18IJ8  ;  3d  class,  187:!  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1880. 
Works:  Village  Festival  (185C)  ;  Near  a 
Fountain  ;  Alpine  Strawberries  ;  Mayflowers; 
Marguerites;  Church-Time  (1808);  Rainy 
Weather  in  the  Swiss  Oberland,  St.  Anne's 
.Money,  Returning  from  the  Pilgrimage 
(1874);  Cutting  Hair  at  a  Fair  in  Auvergne 
(1870);  Sunday  Morning;  Time  for  the 
Wedding  ;  Billets  of  Wood,  Philosopher's 
Walk  at  Monaco  (187'.));  Returning  from 
the  Wedding,  The  Gleaner  (1880)  ;  Return- 
ing, Nice  surprised  by  Snow  (1881) ;  Aurora, 
Twilight  (1882)  ;  The  First  Rays,  In  the 
Woods  (1883).— Menard,  L'Art  en  Alsace- 
Lorraine  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xviii.  531  ; 
Kunst-Chronik,  xix.  551. 

JUNGHEIM,  KARL,  born  at  Dilsseldorf, 
Feb.  (!,  1830,  died  there,  June  0,  188C. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Schirmer  and 
Schadow ;  travelled  in  the  Tyrolese  and 


365 


JUNKER 


Swiss  Alps  and  Italy.  Medals  in  Paris,  Vi- 
cuna, and  Philadelphia.  Works:  Land- 
scape with  Stag-Hunt  ;  Waterfall  in  Ty- 
rol ;  Uri-Kotstoek  on  Vierwaldstiitter  Lake  ; 
Lauterbrunu  Valley  ;  Wullenstadter  Lake  ; 
Evening  on  Brienz  Lake  ;  The  Wetterhorn  ; 
Reiehenbach  Falls  near  Meiringen  ;  Even- 
ing Landscape  in  Salzburg  ;  Gosau  Lake  ; 
Jacob!  Garden  near  Diisseldorf  ;  Sorrento 
(1872),  Kuusthallc,  Hamburg  ;  Capri,  K<">n- 
igsee  and  the  Watzmaun. — Miiller,  288. 

JUNKER,  HERMAXX,  born  in  Frank- 
fort in  1838.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Stiidel 
Institute  under  Jacob  Becker  and  Steinle, 
then  in  1800  of  K.  Hausmann,  and  in  1802- 
04  studied  in  Paris  and  Amsterdam.  Works : 
Auerbach  Cellar  in  Leipsic ;  Artist's  Pil- 
grimage ;  Old  Maid  ;  Committee  of  Exami- 
ners (1805) ;  Poetry  and  Prose  (1867) ;  Proc- 
lamation of  Peace  of  Versailles  (1871);  Cycle 
of  twelve  Scenes  from  Goethe's  Life. — Miil- 
ler,  28'J. 

JUXO  AND  HERCULES,  (Hutiu  Romano, 
Bridgewater  House,  London.  Juno,  awak- 
ing, snatches  the  infant  Hercules  from  her 
breast  ;  background,  a  landscape,  with  boys 
and  satyrs.  Remarkably  clear  and  warm  in 
colouring.  Orleans  Gallery  ;  bought  by 
Duke  of  Bridgcwater  for  1300. — '\Yaagen, 
•Treasures,  ii.  2'.). 

JUXO  XURSIXG  HERCULES.  See 
J////V/  Way. 

JUPITER,  ancient  picture.     Sec  Zfit.ris. 

JUPITER  AXD  ANTIOPE,  Anton  van 
l>ij<-k,  Munich  Gallery.  The  nymph  asleep 
upon  a  bank  beneath  a  drapery  which  Cupids 
are  suspending  from  trees  ;  Jupiter,  in  form 
of  a  satyr,  bending  on  one  knee,  is  raising 
the  covering  from  her  bosom.  Formerly  in 
Diisseldorf  Gallery.  Replica,  Earl  of  Coven- 
try. Engraved  by  Van  Kcssel  ;  Soutman  ; 
Van  der  Stecn  ;  Val.  Green  ;  Ch.  de  Medial. 
—Munich  Gal.,  PI.  22  ;  Smith,  iii.  23  ;  ix. 
3'J7  ;  Guiffrey,  253. 

By  Titian,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  H.  0  ft.  5  in. 
x  12  ft.  7  in.  Antiope,  nearly  nude,  asleep 
on  a  bed  of  skins  under  a  tree  ;  Jupiter,  as 
a  satyr,  lifts  the  drapery  from  her  form, 


while  Cupid  aims  an  arrow  at  him  from  a 
branch  above  ;  at  left,  sylvan  gods  and  god- 
desses engaged  in  sport  or  conversation  ;  in 
the  distance,  a  huntsman  hastens  with  his 
dogs  toward  a  glade  where  a  stag  is  brought 
to  bay.  Painted  about  1502  for  Philip  H. 
of  Spain  ;  called  in  Spain  the  Venus  del 
Pardo,  from  the  Palace  of  Pardo,  near  Ma- 
drid, where  it  was  injured  in  the  fire  of  1008  ; 
given  to  Charles  Stuart  when  in  Spain ; 
bought  by  Jabach  at  sale  of  the  King's  col- 
lection in  London  (1050-51)  for  .£000,  and 
sold  to  Cardinal  Mazarin,  from  whose  heirs 
it  passed  to  Louis  XIV.  Injured  by  cleaning 
in  the  Louvre  in  1001,  afterwards  restored  by 
Autoine  Coypel ;  again  restored  and  trans- 
ferred to  new  canvas  in  1829.  Engraved  by 
Baron  and  by  Corneille. — C.  &  C.,  Titian,  ii. 
317  ;  Cab.  Crozat,  ii.  PI.  143  ;  Klas.  der  Ma- 
lerei,  i.  PI.  01 ;  Miindler,  208  ;  Villot,  Cat. 
Louvre. 

JUPITER  AXD  CALLISTO,  Rubens,  Cas- 
sel  Gallery  ;  canvas,  H.  -4  ft.  x  5  ft.  10  in.  ; 
signed.  Jupiter,  under  the  assumed  form  of 
Diana,  is  bending  on  one  knee  beside  the 
nymph,  who  is  seated  on  the  ground,  with 
her  right  hand  on  a  quiver. — Smith,  ix. 
324. 

JUPITER  DESTROYING  CRIMES,  Pa- 
olo VeniHt'w,  Louvre  ;  canvas,  oval,  H.  18  ft. 
5  in.  x  10  ft.  10  in.  Rebellion,  Treason, 
Luxury,  and  Peculation,  crimes  punished  by 
the  Council  of  Ten,  falling  overturned  at  the 
sight  of  Jupiter,  armed  with  thunderbolts, 
descending  from  Olympus  on  his  eagle  ;  be- 
low the  god,  a  genius  with  outstretched 
wings  holds  in  one  hand  the  book  of  laws 
and  in  the  other  a  whip  with  which  he 
scourges  the  Crimes.  Painted  for  the  ceil- 
ing of  the  Hall  of  the  Council  of  Ten,  Pa- 
lazzo Ducale,  Venice  ;  carried  to  France  in 
1797  ;  in  Musee  Napoleon  until  1810,  when 
it  was  placed  in  the  ceiling  of  the  bed-cham- 
1  ber  of  Louis  XTV.  at  Versailles  ;  removed  in 
1858  to  Louvre.  Engraved  by  Maccham 
(1593).— London,  Musee,  xiii.  PI.  58;  Cat. 
Louvre  ;  Ridolfi,  Marav.,  ii.  23. 

JUPITER  AND  DANAE.     See  Danae.    . 


see 


JITITER 


JUPITER  AND  EUROPA.  See  Eur<n>n, 
Rape  of. 

JUPITER  AND  GANYMEDE.  Sec 
Ganymede. 

JUPITER,    INFANCY    OF,    C!n<li,,   Ro- 


Javier  destroying  Crimes,  Paolo  Veronese,  Louvre, 

mano,  National  Gallery,  London  ;  wood,  II 
3  ft.  5  in.  x  5  ft.  it  in.  Sleeping  infant  in  a 
cradle,  attended  by  three  women,  on  a  small 
verdant  island,  on  the  further  side  of  which 
are  two  groups  of  musicians  (the  Ciiretes). 
Formerly  in  the  Orleans  Gallery,  then  in 
that  of  Lord  Northwick  at  Cheltenham, 
whence  purchased  in  185'.).  The  landscape 
is  possibly  byGiambattista  Dossi. — Cat.  Nat. 
Gal. 

JUPITER  AND  IO,  Vorrcyr/i<>,  Vienna 
Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  5  ft.  1  in.  x  2  ft.  I!  in. 
lo,  nude,  sitting  on  a  little  hill,  is  embraced 
by  Jupiter  in  a  cloud  ;  in  lower  corner,  a 
hind's  head  drinking  from  a  stream.  Painted 
about  1530-32  (?)  for  Emperor  Charles  V. 
(?).  Passed  from  Spain  to  Milan,  where  it 
belonged  to  the  sculptor  Leone  Leoni, 


whose  son  Pompeo  sold  it  to  Rodolph  II.  ; 
was  taken  to  Vienna,  and  thus  escaped  the 
fate  of  the  Leda  and  the  Dana*'.  Old  copy 
in  the  Berlin  Museum  ;  mutilated  when  in 
the  Orleans  collection,  like  the  Lftln,  by 
Louis  the  Pious,  and  passed  with  it  to  Her 
lin.  Engraving  of  the  Vienna  original  by 
G.  Duchangc  (ITOo),  bv  Bartolo/./i,  Van  dcr 
Steen,  Mayer,  H.  Cramer,  Reveil,  .1.  John- 
son. Berlin  copy  engraved  bv  Desrochers. 
—Meyer,  Correggio,  344,  4 Sit  ;  Kiinst.  Lex., 
i.  4:!'.)  ;  Landon.  (Kuvrcs,  viii.  I'l.  IJ2  ;  La- 
rousse,  ix.  "77;  Reveil,  xii.  S17. 

By  Andrea  ,S'.v'i/</r, ,//,•,  Hermitage,  St.  Pe- 
tersburg. 

JUPITER  AND  LKDA.     See  /.,•,/,/. 

.irSTA  AND  1MT1NA.  SS.,  .I/»r,//o, 
SevilU;  Museum  ;  canvas,  H.  (I  ft.  '.»  in.  ,•'  ") 
ft.  11  in.  Standiii!.'.  looking  front,  liol.ling 
between  them  a  model  of  the  Giralda,  as  it 
was  before  the  Christian  alterations;  each 


Jup  •        .  .  -     V,«nn.i 

has  a  palm  in  left  hand  ;  hi  front,  vases  ly- 
ing on  ground.  Painted  about  1(!7(!  for 
high  altar  of  Church  of  Capuchin  Convent, 
Seville.  Companion  to  SS.  Leandro  and 


3«7 


JUSTA 


three-quarters  right,  looking  up.     Compan- 
ion to  St.  llufma  (Stafford  House).     Proba- 


Bonaventura.  Lithographed  by  Geoffroy.—  the  murderer,  and  Justice,  with  the  sword 
Curtis,  258.  an(l  scales.  Painted  for  the  Palais  de  Jus- 

JUSTA,  ST.,  Murillo,  Stafford  House,  i  tice  ;  afterwards  in  Luxembourg ;  placed 
London  ;  H.  3  ft.  x  2  ft.  2  in.  Half-length,  in  Louvre  in  182G.  Copy  by  Gericault  in 
in  yellow  robe  and  blue  mantle,  standing  Louvre.  Engraved  by  Roger,  Hocquart,  A. 

Geli'-e. — Villot,  Cat.  Louvre. 

JUSTINA,  ST.,  Morelto,  Vienna  Museum; 

bly  from  Altamira  sale  (1827),  £325  10s.,  wood,  H.  G  ft.  3  in.  x  4  ft.  5  in.  St.  Justina 
though  Lord  Gower  thinks  the  two  belonged  standing,  palm  in  hand,  with  unicorn  by  her 
to  Marshal  Soult.  Engraved  by  Blanchard,  '  side  as  emblem  of  chastity  ;  at  the  right,  a 
pere.— Curtis,  257;  Gowcr,  Hist,  Gal.  of  knight  kneeling ;  background,  picturesque 
England.  [  landscape,  a  city  and  mountains.  Painted 

JUSTICE,  Raphael.  Camera  della  Segna- 1  about  1535;   long  in  Hofburg,  Innspruck, 

whence  taken  in  1GG2  to 
Castle  of  Ambras  and  after- 
wards to  Vienna.  Long  at- 
tributed to  Pordenone. — C. 
&.  C.,  N.  Italy,  ii.  404. 

JUSTINA,  ST.,  MAR- 
TYRDOM OF,  Paolo  Vero- 
nese, S.  Giustina,  Padua  ; 
canvas.  St.  Justina  of  Pad- 
ua, accused  of  being  a 
Christian,  is  put  to  death 
by  order  of  the  Emperor 
Masimian.  She  is  kneeling 
with  outstretched  arms 
while  the  executioner, 
standing  behind,  thrusts  his 
sword  into  her  bosom  ;  two 
other  standing  figures  at 
right  and  two  at  left.  Paint- 
ed about  15G8.  Replica  in 
the  Uffizi,  Florence.  En- 

M.,,,y,dom  of  St.  Justina,  Paolo  Veronese,  S.  Giust.na,  Padua.  ^^A     by     Agog_     Carracci 

tura,  Vatican;  fresco,  medallion  on  ceiling.  (1582);  Lasinio. — Lasinio,  Gal.  de  Florence,  i. 
Female  figure,  crowned  with  diadem,  holds  PI.  47  ;  Bartsch,  xviii.  78  ;  Soc.  Ed.  &  Paris, 
sword  in  right  hand  and  scales  in  left.  Gal  di  Firenze,  PI.  73 ;  Ridolfi,  Marav.,  ii.  32. 


Painted   in   1512.      Engraved 


I!.   Mor-       JUSTINIAN    PROMULGATING     THE 


ghen,  and  others. — Miiutz,  311,  31(5,  350. 
JUSTICE    AND    VENGEANCE,    Pierre 


PANDECTS,  Raphael,  Camera  della  Segna- 
tura,  Vatican  ;  fresco,  left  of  window.     The 


Paul  Prud'hon,  Louvre,  Paris  ;  canvas,  H.  8  emperor  in  a  purple  mantle,  seated,  giving 

ft.  x  9  ft.  G  in.  ;  signed,  dated  1808.     At  left,  the  books  to  Tribouianus,  kneeling  ;  behind 

in  a  rocky  desert  place,  lighted  by  the  moon,  the  throne,  six  jurists,  two  of  whom ,  Theoph- 

a  man,  poniard  in  hand,  flees  from  his  vie-  ilus  and  Dorotheas,  hold  the  books  of  the 

tim,  a  young  man  whose  dead  body,  nude,  new  Institutions  and  the  Constitutions.     II- 

is  stretched  on  the  ground  ;  above,  flying,  lustrates   the   consecration    of    Civil   Law ; 

are  Vengeance,  with  a  torch,  ready  to  seize  companion  piece  to  Gregory  promulgating 


jrsrrs 


the  Decretals.    Painted  in  1511.     Engraved 

by  Fr.  Aquila,  Fr.  Giangiacomo. — Passavant, 

ii.  X7 ;  Miiutz, 

311,344;Vaa- 

ari,  ed.   Mil., 

iv.  337. 

JUSTUS 
or  JODO- 
C  U  S  OF 
GHENT,  lat- 
ter half  of 
15th  century. 
F  1  e  in  i  s  h 
school.  Sup- 
posed  b  y 
some  to  be 
identical 
with  Justus 
de  Allamag- 
iiii  or  Giusto 
d'Aletuauia, 
who  painted 
an  Annunci- 
ation  of  the 
Virgin  in  the 
Convent  of  S. 
M.  ili  Castel- 
lo,  (ieiioa,  in 
1451,  but 
there  is  little 
i  f  any  e  vi-  ju,t 
donee  of  it. 
Justus  of  Ghent,  a  contemporary  of  Van  der 
Goes  and  of  Van  der  Meire,  and  perhaps 
pupil  of  Hubert  Van  Eyck,  was  called  to 
Urbino  by  Duke  Federigo  di  Montefeltro  to 
paint  the  portrait  of  his  duchess,  and  to 
decorate  his  library.  In  1470-74  he  painted 
the  IMXI  Supper,  an  altarpieco  for  S.  Agata, 
Urbino,  now  in  the  Town  Gallery.  In  the 
Palazzo  Barbcrini,  Koine,  and  in  the  Louvre, ' 
are  a  series  of  panels  representing  poets, 
philosophers,  etc.,  supposed  to  be  the  dec- 
orations of  the  library  at  Urbino.  If  Justus 
painted  them,  lie  tempered  in  his  later  work 
the  harshness  of  the  Flemish  style  with 
Italian  breadth  and  freedom.  Works  at- 
tributed to  him :  The  Last  Judgment,  Church 


nan    prumulgating 
at-l,  Vati 


u    Pandec-tb,    Rd[)t 


of  S.  Maria,  Danbiic  ;  The  Nativity,  Bene- 
diction of  the  Holy  Sacrament,  Antwerp 
Museum. — Allgcm.  d.  Biogr.,  viii.  574  ;  C. 

C.,  Flemish  Painters,  171  ;  Dolime,  li.  ; 
I'Virster,  Deiikmalc,  \liii.  CJ;  Kugler  (Crowe), 
i.  Ml  ;  Wauters,  Peinture.  ilamande,  7(i. 

JUT/,  KARL,  born  at  Windschlag,  Baden; 
contemporary.  Animal  painter,  studied  in 
Munich  and  Diisseldorf  ;  paints  small  do- 
mestic animals,  fowls,  and  insects  with  mi- 
croscopic minuteness  and  much  humour. 
Lives  in  Diisseldorf.  \Vm-ks:  Chickens 
and  Ducks  ;  Chickens  and  1'cacock;  Chick- 
en Yard  ;  June-Hug  Hunt;  At  Place  of  Ex- 
ecution ;  Much  Ado  about  Nothing;  Chick- 
ens in  Rainy  \\catlirr  ;  Ponltrv  in  a  Stable, 
Weimar  Museum.  Miiller,  liS'.l. 

JUVENEL  (Jouvcncli,  PAIL,  born  iii 
Nuremberg  in  157  f,  died  at  Prcssburg, 
Jlungary,  in  1(>43.  German  school  ;  history 
and  portrait  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Nico- 
laus  Juvenal  (ilied  at  Nuremberg,  15117),  then 
of  Adam  Elsheimer  in  Frankfort.  He  ex- 
celled in  perspective  ;  decorated  the  ceilings 
of  several  houses  in  Nuremberg,  and  was  a 
tolerable  copyist  of  Diirer's  works.  In  1U3S 
he  went  to  Vienna,  and  afterwards  settled  at 
Pressburg.  His  three  sons  and  a  daughter 
were  artists  of  repute.  \Vorks:  (Yiling- 
]ianels,  Portraits  of  Ferdinand  11.,  Matthias, 
Uudolph  I.  \  II.,  Town  Hall,  Nuremberg  ; 
Copy  of  Diirer's  Ascension  of  Virgin,  1'' rank- 
fort  Gallery. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xiv.  7<>2  ; 
Kugler  (Crowe),  ii.  524. 


KAAZ,  KARLLUDWIG,  born  in  Carls- 
ruin!  or  Pfor/.heim  in  177(1,  died  in 
Dresden,  July  14,  IKK).    Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Stuttgart  Academy  under 
Johann  Miiller;  went  in  17%  to  Dresden,  and 
studied  in  Italy  in  1801-04.     Works  :  Morn- 
ing Landscape  ;  Two  Horsemen  riding  to- 
ward a  Castle  ;  Tivoli  ;  View  from  Dresden; 
Ideal    Landscape     (after   Claude    Lorrain), 
Carlsruhe  Gal. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr,  xiv.  778. 
KABEL  (Cabel),  ADKIAAN  VAN  DER, 
borii  at  Ryswick,  near  The  Hague,  in  1G21, 


OKI 


KADLIIv 


died  .at,  Lyons  in  1095.  Dutch  school ;  land- 
scape anil  marine  painter,  pupil  of  Jan  van 
Goycn  ;  is  said  to  Lave  changed  his  real 
name,  Touw  (rope),  into  Kabel  ;  studied  in 
Koiao,  and  shows  in  his  pictures  the  style 
of  the  Carracci,  Salvator  Rosa,  and  other 
Italian  masters.  Works  :  Treeless  Country 
with  Horseman  and  Woman  (1052),  Old 
Piuakothek,  Munich  ;  Landscape  with  Pcas- 
ants  (?),  Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg  ; 
others  in  Aix  Museum. — Immerzeel,  ii.  94. 

KADLIK  (Tkadlik),  FRAN/,  born  in 
Prague,  Nov.  23,  1780,  died  there,  Jan.  10, 
1840.  History  painter,  pupil  of  the  Prague 
Academy  under  Bergler,  where,  besides 
several  other  prizes,  he  won  the  grand  pri/.e 
in  1815  ;  went  in  1817  to  Vienna,  where  he 
was  intluenced  by  Fran/,  Caucig,  and  in  1825 
to  Home,  after  which  he  painted  religious 
subjects  only.  Returned  to  Vienna  in 
1832,  and  in  1H30  became  director  of  the 
Prague  Academy.  Works :  Hagar  in  the 
Desert  (1815)  ;  Infant  Christ  Praying  ;  lie- 
turn  of  St.  Adalbert  to  Bohemia,  Prague 
Gallery ;  Noah's  Sacrifice,  Departure  of 
Tobias,  Nativity,  Enyo  (1825),  Harrach  Gal- 
lery, Vienna  ;  St.  Paul's  Farewell  of  Miletus, 
St.  Luke  painting  the  Virgin,  Vienna  Muse- 
um ;  Pieta  ;  Death  of  St.  Rosalia  ;  Guardian 
Angel ;  St.  Ludmilla  at  Mass  ;  Conversion 
of  Paul  ;  Calling  of  Peter  ;  St.  John  in  the 
Desert,  Czerniu  Gallery,  Vienna  ;  Portrait  of 
Francis  I.;  of  the  Slavophile  Dobrowsky, 
Prague  Museum. — Allgein.  d.  Biogr.,  xiv. 
785  ;  Cotta's  Kuustbl.  (1829),  40. 

KAEMMERER,  FRED  ERIK  II EN- 
DRIK,  born  at  Ghent  ; 
contemporary.  L  a  n  d- 
scape  and  genre  painter, 
pupil  in  Paris  of  Gi'rome. 
Medal,  3d  class,  Paris  Sa- 
lon, 1874.  Studio  in 
Paris.  Works :  Ottering 
to  the  Lares,  Distraction 
(1809);  Incroyables 
(1870),  Win.  H.  Vander- 
bilt  Collection,  New  York  ;  Dispute  (1872), 
Win.  Rockefeller,  ib.;  The  Quarrel  (1873), 


Frank  Work,  ib.  (J.  S.  Jenkins  Collection, 
Baltimore,  $2,075)  ;  Coast  of  Scheveuingeii 
(1874),  Corcoran  Gallery,  Washington  ;  Win- 
ter-Day in  Holland  (1875)  ;  Game  of  Cro- 
quet (1877)  ;  Baptism  under  the  Directory 
(1878),  J.  J.  Astor,  New  York  ;  Wcddiwj  un- 
der the  Directory  (1879),  Jay  Gould,  ib.; 
Portrait  of  the  Marquise  (1879);  Ascension 
Day  in  the  Year  VIII.  (1880)  ;  Under  the  Arch 
(1882);  Charlatan  (1883);  The  Swing  (1884), 
S.  P.  Avery,  New  York  ;  Autumn  Evening 
(1885)  ;  Toast  to  the  Bride  (Morgan  Sale, 
1880),  Charles  Crocker,  San  Francisco; 
Sleigh  Ride  (Seney  Sale,  1885),  Mr.  Coe, 
New  York  ;  Adam  and  Eve,  H.  M.  Johnston, 
Brooklyn  ;  Mandolin  Player,  H.  Nathan,  New 

York;  Mating, 


Harper  Sale,  1880,  $1,300)  ;  Autumn  on 
Terrace  of  the  Tuileries,  David  Jones 
Collection,  ib.  (M.  S.  Latham  Sale,  1878, 
$1,125)  ;  Lover's  Telegraph,  Frank  P.  Os- 
born,  ib. 

KAGER,  (JOHANN)  MATTHIAS,  born 
in  Munich  in  1500,  died  in  Augsburg  in 
1034.  German  school  ;  history  painter, 
studied  in  Munich  and  in  Rome.  After 
his  return  to  Munich  he  became  court- 
painter  to  the  Elector  Maximilian  of  Bava- 
ria, but  soon  removed  to  Augsburg,  where 
he  was  afterwards  elected  burgomaster. 
Painted  in  fresco,  oil,  and  water-colour  in 
a  still'  but  expressive  style  ;  was  also  an 
engraver  and  an  architect.  Works  :  Adora- 
tion of  Shepherds,  Augsburg  Cathedral  ; 
Last  Judgment,  City  Hall,  Augsburg  ;  Find- 
ing of  the  Cross,  Church  of  our  Lady,  Mu- 
nich ;  St.  Andrew,  St.  Martin's  Church, 
Landshut  ;  St.  John  preaching  in  the  Des- 
ert, Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg  ;  David 
and  Abigail,  Vienna  Museum.  —  Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  xiv.  794  ;  Aiidreseri,  D.  Peiutre- 
Gravenr,  iv.  351. 

KAISER,  ERNST,  born  at  Rain,  Bavaria, 
July  20,  1803,  died  in  Munich,  Dec.  26,  18G5. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  his  father,  a-still- 
life  paiuter,  then  from  1822  at  the  Munich 


370 


KAISER 

Academy.     Studied  nature  in  the  Tyrol  and  Art  School  at  Weimar  in  1800-7G  ;  visited 

the  Bavarian  Alps.     Works  :  The  Hintersee  Styria,  Tyrol,  Switzerland,  Savoy,  Italy,  and 

near  Berchtesgaden  (1835-40),  K<>nigsberg  the  Pyrenees,  and  since  187C>  haH  lived  at 

Museum;    View   in   Bavarian  Alps  (1842),  Kreu/naeh.     Member  of  Berlin,  Amsterdam 

New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  K<">nigsee  ;  Hin-  (  IS.")  -2),  and  Rotterdam  Academies.     Medals, 

tersee    and    Oberseo    near   Berchtesgaden  Berlin   (2.   isiiS),  Vienna  (18~:i),  and  Bor- 

(1858);    At  the  Kochelsce,  Darmstadt  Mu-  deaux.    Works:  Monastery  of  San  Giovanni 

scum  ;  View  at  the  Untersberg,  Schaekdal-  on  Luke  Como.  Obersee  near  Uerchtesgadcn, 

lery,    Munich.  —  Allgcm.    d.    Biogr.,   xv.   (!  :  Hintersee,  View  on  the  Aar,  Morning  Land- 

Kunstbl.    (1851),    80;   (1857),    218;  Kunst-  scape    in   Tyrol  (18  1'.)  52);   Lac   de   (iaube 

C'hronik,  i.  3;  Vineenz  Miiller,  Handbuch  f.  (1858),   Kum'gsberg  Museum  ;  The  Wctter- 

Miinehen  (1845),  144.  horn,     Stettin     Museum  ;     Canigai    Valley 

KAISER,  FRIEDWCH,  born  at  Lorrach,  (I85(i),  National   (iallery.  P>erlin  ;  Castle  of 

Baden,  Jan.  21,    1815.     History  and  battle  the  Holy  (irail,  View  of   Pan   (1st;:!);  View 

painter,  was  first   a  lithographer;  went  to  near  Turin;   Lac,  d'<  )o  and   Monastery  I*is 

Paris,  where  Horace  Vcrnet's  battle-pieces  Casas;  View  near  Bonn  ;  Rhine  Valley  near 

inspired   him  to  take  up  the  same  line  of  Kagaty.  ;  Lake  of  Wallenstiidl  ;   KockyLand- 

art  ;    studied   several   years   in    Munich,    in  scape  (1  SI  ill);   liosenlaui  (  ilaeier  (  1S~S),  Na- 

1848  went  to  Carlsruhc,  and  in  1850  settled  tional  (iallery.  Herlin  ;  Views  in  lllicr  Val- 

in  Berlin.     Painted  also  biblical  scenes  of  ley:    Series    of    25    Landscapes,    Orangerv 

elevated    composition    and    fine    colouring,  near  Potsdam.     His  son  Leopold  is  a  clever 

Works:    Storming  of  Corfu;    Surprise  of  genre  and  landscape  painter,  and,  since  1885, 

Conradin  at  Tagliocozzo  (IS(i)i);  Wounding  professor    at    the    Art    School    in    Weimar. 

of  Prince  Frederic  Charles  at  Wiescnthal  ;  Among  his  works  are:    Funeral  at   D.-iehau 

Bivouac   before   Dfippel   (18(U);   Attack   of  (ISS;!);  Children   at   Tombstone  of  a  Saint 

Prussian    Hussars;    Kmperor    William    in-  (issi).  —  Jordan  (1885),  ii.  Ill;  Kunstblatt 

specting     Artillery-position     before     Paris  (1851),  12<i  ;  (1855),  1!)1  ;  (185fi),  408;  (1858), 

(187SI);  Christ  and  the  Samaritan  Woman  ;  57;  Kiinst-Chronik,  xviii.  545  ;  Miiller.  2'.n>. 

Margrave  Louis  of  Baden's  Victory  over  the  KALI1',    WILL  KM,    born    in   Amsterdam 

Turks  at  S/.lankament   in  !(!!)!,  Carlsruhc  before  K!:iO, 

Gallery.—  Dioskuren  (I860);  Christl.  Kunst-  died  there. 

1)1(18(57);  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xvii.  485;  Mill-  July  31.  Kill:!. 

ler,  289  ;  Rosenberg,  Berl.  Malerseh.,  21»:i.  Dutch  school  ; 

KALCKHEUTH,    STANISLAUS    VON,  still-life  paint-                 ^    '4  ^      ^  / 

Count,  born  at  Kozmin,  er,    pupil    of                   \f,  \    j   .        /     , 

Posen,    Dec.    24,    1821.       £Jjf**F\  Ib  udrik  Pot  ;                     '   i\-  >^jj  V 

Landscape   painter,   pu-     H^Kj  painted  fruits, 

pil  in  Potsdam  of  Gustav     w^*    •**  V  lowers,     and 


Wegener,  then  in  Berlin          .i.       <«K.  vessels   most 

of  Krause,  and  in  184(J-  truthfully  and 

47  of  Ddsseldorf  Acad-       >®la^'>f  with  line  colouring.     Excellent  arrangement 

emy  under  Schirmer,  in     r^.  ?\5%>^  of  Slllljf!l'ts  is  pleasing  ;  great  success  in  ren- 

whose  studio  he  worked  >^<  dering    the    bistro   of   metal,   crystal,   and 

until  the  latter's  removal  \  mother-of-pearl.    Occasionally  painted  genre 

to   Carlsmhe    in    1854.  subjects,  especially  kitchen  scenes.    Works: 

His  first  pictures  were  so  noteworthy  that  Hut  Interior,  Still  Life,  Louvre  ;  Costly  Ves- 

the  King  of  Prussia  nominated  him  profes-  sels.   Amsterdam    Museum  ;    Interior   with 

sor.     Was  director  of    the    uewly  founded  P<'asants,  Rotterdam    Museum  ;    Slill  Life, 


KALKAR 


Berlin  Museum;  do.  (1043),  StMel  Institute, 
Frankfort ;  do.  (1G44),  Warwick  Castle  ;  do. 
in  Museums  of  Berlin,  Darmstadt,  Dresden 
(1IJG1),  Gotha,  Stuttgart,  and  Weimar  (1680); 
in  Galleries  of  Copenhagen  and  Schwerin 
(1058  and  two  of  1GG3) ;  Burn  Interior,  Carls- 
ruhe  Gallery  ;  Still  Life  (1058),  and  Cottage 
Interiors  (2),  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg  ;  In- 
terior of  a  Dutch  School,  Metropolitan  Muse- 

W.  KALF/6& 

nm,  New  York  ;  Kitchen  Utensils,  Historical 
Society,  ib. — Ch.  Blanc,  Kcole  hollandaise  ; 
Bode,  Studien,  229,  010  ;  Burger,  ii.  270. 
KALKAR,  HANS  VON,  10th  century, 
born  at  Kalkar,  West- 
phalia, about  1510,  died 
in  Naples  about  1540. 
Venetian  school.  Real 
name  Johann  Stephan, 
or  Stevens,  called  by  Va- 
sari,  Giovanni  di  Kalkar, 
or  Giovanni  Flamingo 
(the  Fleming).  Went 
early  to  Italy,  studied  in 
Venice  in  1530-37  under 
Titian,  and  was  one  of  his  most,  successful 
imitators.  At  a  later  period  he  imitated 
Raphael  with  equal  skill.  Afterwards  went 
to  Naples,  where  Vasari  knew  him  in  1545. 
The  Nativity,  which  was  owned  by  Rubens, 
who  carried  it  with  him  on  all  his  travels, 
and  afterwards  at  Prague,  is  now  in  the  Vi- 
enna Museum.  Works:  Male  Portrait  (1540), 
Louvre  ;  do.  (1533),  Berlin  Museum  ;  Male 
Portrait,  Vienna  Museum. — Allgein.  d.  Bi- 
ogr.,  xiii.  0!»2  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  vt'nitiennc  ; 
Brockhaus,  iii.  830  ;  C.  &  C.,  Flemish  Paint- 
ers, 317,  358  ;  Kugler  (Crowe),  i.  200  ;  Woln", 
Die  Nikolai  Pfarrkirche  zu  Calcar,  20  ;  Zeit- 
schr.  f.  b.  K.,  xi.  375. 

KALRAAT,  BAREND  VAN,  born  at  Dor- 
drecht, Aug.  28,  1050,  died  there  in  1721  (?). 
Landscape  and  figure  painter,  brother  of, 
and  first  instructed  by,  Abraham  Kalraat 
(figure  and  fruit  painter,  1043-90),  then 
pupil  of  Aelbert  Cuyp,  whose  style  he  fol- 
lowed at  first,  but  adopted  afterwards  that 


of  Herman  Saft-Leven,  and  painted  cabinet 
pictures  of  Rhine  views.  A  Cow  Stable, 
by  him,  is  in  the  Schwerin  Gallery,  and  a 
Mountainous  Landscape  in  the  Liechten- 
stein Gallery,  Vienna. — Immerzeel,  ii.  95 ; 
Kramm,  iii.  834. 

KALTENMOSER,  KASPAR,  born  at 
Horb,  Wiirteiuberg,  Dec.  25,  180G,  died  in 
Munich,  March  7,  18G7.  Genre  painter 
and  lithographer,  pupil  of  the  Munich  Acad- 
emy in  1830,  but  formed  himself  principally 
through  study  of  nature  in  the  Bavarian  and 
Tyrolese  Alps,  Switzerland,  and  Istria  (1843). 
Many  of  his  views  in  the  Black  Forest  are 
in  America.  Works  :  Landscape  with  Peas- 
ant's House  (1831);  Tyrolese  Family  by  the 
Wayside  (1832);  Zillerthal  Peasants  Danc- 
ing (183:!),  Munich  Art  Union;  Hunter's 
Family  (1834);  Gypsy  Fortune-Teller  (1835); 
Love  Declaration  of  a  Peasant  Boy  (1835); 
Scene  in  Suabian  Cottage  ;  Gypsies,  Suabian 

I  Peasant  Woman  with  Child  (1830);  Suabian 
Girl,  Christmas  Eve  (1837);  Marriage  Con- 
tract (1S38),  Taxis  Gallery,  Ratisbon  ;  Re- 
turn from  Pilgrimage  (1839);  Zither  Players 
in  a  Tavern  (1840);  Target  Shooting  in  Upper 
Bavaria  (1841),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg;  Tav- 
ern Life  in  Meran  (1842);  From  a  Tyrolese 
Inn  (1844);  Peasant  House  in  Black  Forest 
( 1845),  Munich  Art  Union  ;  Three  Domestic 
Scenes  from  Black  Forest  (184G) ;  Italian 
Family  Scene  (1847);  Fair  in  Black  Forest 
(1848);  Bridal  Couple  at  the  Parson's  (1849); 
Family  in  Istria  (1850);  Suabian  Girls  Spin- 
ning (1851);  Domestic  Scene  in  Istria  (1854); 
Fruit  Vender  of  Servola  (185G);  Despised 
Love-Gift  (1857);  Embroideress  from  Appeu- 
xell(l85S);  Sunbian  Family  (1801);  Painters 
Kirner  and  Kaltenmoser  among  Peasants 
(1801);  Suabian  Tavern  Scene  (1804);  Do- 
mestic Scene  (1800);  Trap  Vender  (18C7). 
— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xv.  40  ;  Cotta's  Kunstbl. 
(1843),  307  ;  (1848),  219  ;  D.  Kunstbl.  (1850), 
444  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  ii.  103  ;  FOrster,  v.  19G  ; 
Raczynski,  ii.  401. 

KALTENMOSER,  MAX,  born  in  Mu- 
nich, Dec.  1,  1842.  Genre  painter,  son  of 

,  Kaspar,   pupil  of  Munich   Academy  under 


372 


KAMECKE 

Philip  Foltz  and  Ramberg  ;  travelled  in  Sua- '  years  in  Italy,  Sicily,  and  Greece.     After  his 

bia  and  the  Tyrol,  and  spent  the  winter  of  return  he  was  made  professor  in  1840,  and 

1869-70  in  Nice.      Works  :  Grandmother's  instructor  of  the  Grand  Duchess.     Was  in 

Admonition,  The  Foundling  (18(>7);  Birth-  Rome    and    Paris    in     IK.")-!-"),").       Works : 

day    (18G8);     Dice-Players    (187:5);    Good-  Thisbc ;    Uinaldo   and    Arniida ;   Death   of 

Morning,  Papa  !     (1874) ;     Leisure    Hour  ;  Cleopatra  ;    Sleeping   Bacchante  ;    View  of 

Noon-Day  Rest ;  Country  Life  (1878);  Im-  Athens;  Coliseum  in  Rome;  View  of  Paler- 

provised    Bowling-Alley,    Preparations    for  mo;    (,)ueen    Iconise   of  Prussia;    Entoml>- 

Procession.— Miiller,  290.  ment ;  Ecce  Homo  ;  Portraits  of  Grand  Du- 

KAMECKE,  OTTO  (WERNER  HEN-  c;li    Family   of  Mecklenburg.  --  cin-isti. 

NING)  VON,  born  at  Stolp,  Pomerania,  in  Kunstbl.  (isii'.l);  Miillcr.  2111. 
1829.  Landscape  painter,  studied  first  from  KANOLDT.  EDMl'ND  (FRIEDRICH). 
nature  at  Ilome  in  18(iO-(>2,  then  at  the  born  at Grossrudestedt,  Saxe- Weimar, Mjireh 
Weimar  Art  School  under  Bocklin  and  Mi-  l.'t,  I84."i.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Wei- 
chaelis  ;  next  under  Kalckreuth,  and  after-  mar  Art-School  under  Preller  ;  went  in  18C1I 
wards  visited  the  Tyrol,  Swit/erland,  and  to  Home,  where  he  was  influenced  by  Fran/. 
North  Italy.  Lives  in  Berlin.  Works:  Val-  Dreber;  settled  in  Carlsruhe,  when1  Fcrdi- 
ley  near  Berchtesgaden  ;  Konigsee  ;  Vier-  nand  Keller  greatly  intluenced  his  further 
waldstiittcr  Lake  ;  The  Wettcrhorn  ;  Italian  development.  Works:  Giant's  Grave  in 
Landscape;  Thuringian  Landscape;  Wen-  Riigen  ;  Canossa;  The  KvlVhiiuser  ;  I'lysses 
gern-Scheideck  ;  Campagna  ;  Glacier  Land-  hunting  Goats,  Weimar  Must  uni  ;  Iphige- 
scape  ;  View  in  Lauterbrunn  Valley  ;  View  nia  by  the  Sea  ;  Kight  I'ictures  from  Myth 
from  Bernina  Pass  ;  Glacier  desBois  ;  View  of  Cupid  and  Psyche;  Cassandra  and  An- 
on Lake  Garda  ;  llosegg  Glacier;  Gosau  ti^onc  ;  Sabine  Landscape  (1873) ;  Sappho 
Lake  ;  St.  Gotthard  Road,  National  Gallery,  (188(1):  Iphigenia  in  Taui-is  (1881);  Hero  in 
Berlin  ;  View  on  St.  Gotthard,  Dresden  Mu-  a  Landscape  ( l8Kt).--Miill(;r,  2'.I2  ;  Leixner, 
seuin.  —  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xvii.  487;  Mill-  Mod.  Iv,  ii.  11(1;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  x\i. 
ler,  2!tl.  I'.HI  ;  Illustr.  /eitg.  ( Issl ).  i.  i:!ii  ;  ii.  5»li  ; 

HANDLER,  WILHKLM,  bornat  Krat/au.  /eitschr.  f.  b.  K  ,  xx.  7C. 

Bohemia,  Feb.  28,  181(i.  History  painter,  KAPELLER,  .IOSF.F  ANTON,  born  at 
pupil  of  Prague  Academy  under  Kadlik,  Imst,  Tyrol,  Fell.  22,  17C>1,  died  by  suicide 
then  under  Ruben  ;  went  to  Rome  in  184:!,  at  Grat/,  Styria.  in  18(l(i.  History  and  por- 
and  returned  in  1850.  Works  :  Duke  trait  painter,  son  of  a  painter  :  pupil  of  Jo- 
Spit  ignew's  Judgment  ;  Four  Scenes  from  hann  Jacob  Xeiler,  at  Rente,  then  of  Vienna 
Life  of  Christ  (1840);  St.  George;  Sermon  Academy  under  Fiiger  and  Maurer,  where 
of  Jonah  ;  Discovery  of  Springs  at  Carlsbad  he  won  the  first,  pri/c  in  1781!  ;  lived  at  \Var- 
(1849);  Jacques  de  Molay's  Defence  of  the  saw  in  1787-94  as  instructor  in  the  family 
Knights  Templars;  Wall-Paintings  in  Castle  of  Prince  Jablonowski,  and  after  his  return 
Chapel  at  Ileichstadt  ;  Frescos  in  Imperial  successively  at  Imst,  Innsbruck,  Klagenfurt. 
Chapel  at  Prague. — Cotta's  Kunstbl.  (184<>),  Vienna  and  Gratx.  Painted  also  excellent 
123;  D.  Kunstbl.  (1850),  248;  Miiller,  291;  miniatures.  Works:  Sleeping  Faun  (178(i); 
Wurzbaeh,  x.  429.  Portrait  of  Koscius/ko  (about  17110) ;  do.  of 

KANNENGIESSER,    GEORG,    born    at  Field-Marshal  Laudon  ;  Portrait  of  Wallen- 

Neustrelitz,  Mecklenburg,  in  1814.    History  stein    (copy    after    Van     Dyck),    Fcrdinan- 

]>ninter,    pupil   of    Berlin    Academy   under  deum,  Innsbruck. — Nagler,   vi.  529  ;  Wurx- 

Ternite  and    Blechen,   then    in  1834-41  of  bach,  x.  448. 

Ddsseldorf  Academy  under  Sohn  ;    was  in  KAPPES,  ALFRED,  born  in  New  York 

1842  at  Munich,  and  then   travelled  three  ( in  1850.     Genre  painter,  self-taught.     FA- 
STS 


KAPPIS 


hibits  at  the  National  Academy.  Studio  in 
New  York.  Works  in  oil  :  His  Pipe  and 
His  Paper  (1879);  Village  Oracle  (1880); 
Preparing  Dinner  (1881);  Is  this  Life  worth 
Living?  (1882),  T.  B.  Clarke,  New  York; 
An  Interior (1883).  Water-colours:  Closing 
Hymn  ;  My  Aunt  Sapphira  (1884). 

KAPPIS,  ALP.EET,  born  in  Tubingen ; 
contemporary.  Landscape  and  genre  paint- 
er, studied  in  Tiibingen  and  in  Munich  ;  in 
1SSO  was  made  professor  at  Art-School  in 
Stuttgart.  Works  :  Suabian  Village  Scene 
(ISC,:!);  Harvest  Scene,  Summer,  View  in 
Black  Forest  (180(1 );  Vintage  in  Suabia ; 
Hemp  Harvest  in  Suabia  (1808);  Bathing 
Weather  in  Holland  ;  Potato  Harvest  ; 
Harvest  Afternoon  ;  Idyl  on  Chiem  Lake  ; 
In  Vintage  Time  ;  Threshing  Machine  in 
Farm-Yard  ;  Fish-Market  (1.S77).  —  Kuust- 
Chronik,  xv.  Oil  ;  Miiller,  292. 

KARGEK,  KARL,  born  in  Vienna,  Jan. 
30,  1H48.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  of 
Vienna  Academy  ; 
won  the  gold  me- 
dal in  1807,  then 
studied  under  and 
assisted  Engerth  in 
the  paintings  for 
the  new  opera 
house  ;  moved  to 
Munich  in  1871 
and  visited  Italy  in  1873.  Works  :  Post 
Station  (1873);  Scene  at  Railway  Station 
(1875),  Vienna  Museum  ;  Levying  of  Taxes, 
Street  Scene  in  Venice,  Graben  in  Vienna 
(1877),  Emperor  of  Austria. — Meyer,  C'onv. 
Lex.,  xxi.  491  ;  Miiller,  292  ;  Zeitsch.,  xiii. 
31. 

KARGLING  -  PACKER,  HENRIETTE, 
born  in  Pesth  about  1830.  Portrait,  genre, 
and  still  life  painter,  daughter  and  pupil  of 
the  portrait  painter  Johann  Tobias  Kiirg- 
ling  (born  at  Augsburg,  Feb.  9,  1780,  died 
at  Pesth,  April  11,  1845);  studied  after- 
wards in  the  Imperial  Galleries  in  Vienna, 
where  she  settled  after  her  marriage  to  the 
pianist  Pacher,  having  worked  for  many 


years  in  Pesth.  Her  portraits  were  in  great 
demand.  Works :  Grandmother  (1851) ; 
Garland  with  Religious  Emblems  (1852); 
Little  Violet-Trader  (1855)  ;  Grapes  and 
Melon,  Flowers  around  Crucifix  (1855). — 
Wurzbach,  x.  351. 

KARSSEN,  KASPARUS,  born  at  Amster- 
dam, April  2,  1810.  Landscape  and  city 
views  painter,  pupil  of  Pieter  George  Wes- 
tenberg  (born  1791)  and  of  Hendrik  Gen-it 
ten  Cate  (born  1803).  Member  of  Amster- 
dam Academy  iu  183G.  Visited  Westphalia 
and  the  banks  of  the  Rhine  in  1837.  Works  : 
Interior  of  Old  Exchange  at  Amsterdam 
(1837),  Museum,  Amsterdam  ;  City  Views 
(2),  Museum  Fodor,  ib. — Immerzeel,  ii.  90. 

KASELOWSKI,  AUGUST  (THEODOR), 
born  in  Potsdam,  April  20,  1810.  History 
painter,  pupil  of  Berlin  Academy  under  W. 
Hensel ;  won  first  prize  in  1830,  went  to 
Paris  and  studied  under  Cogniet  until  1840, 
then  to  Home,  whence  he  visited  Naples, 
Palermo,  Florence,  and  Venice  ;  returned 
to  Berlin  in  1850  ;  during  the  years  follow- 
ing visited  Spain,  Greece,  Turkey,  and  Eng- 
land, and  then  became  pi'ofessor  at  the 
Berlin  Academy.  Works  :  Contest  of  Two 
Shepherds  on  the  Flute  (1830);  Acquittal 
i  of  Susanna ;  Christ  on  Mount  of  Olives 
(1854),  St.  Andrew's,  Berlin ;  Baptism  of 
Christ  ;  Resurrection  ;  Entombment  (1800); 
I  Christ  and  Disciples  at  Emmaus  ;  Tobias 
and  the  Angel  Raphael ;  Cupid  Listening  ; 
( Ihrist  blessing  the  Children  ;  Albanian  Wo- 
man at  Prayer,  Stettin  Museum.  Fresco : 
Prophets  Elijah  and  Ezekiel,  Chapel  of  Royal 
Palace,  Berlin  ;  Paintings  in  New  Berlin 
Museum.— Kunstbl.  (1854),  203, 361 ;  (1855), 
270  ;  (1850),  430  ;  Miiller,  292  ;  Rosenberg, 
Berliner  Malerschule,  84. 

KATE,  HERMAN  (FREDERIK  CAREL) 
TEN,  born  at  The  Hague,  Feb.  1C,  1822. 
Genre  painter,  pupil  in  Amsterdam  of  Cor- 
nells Kruseman  ;  won  a  medal  at  the  Acad- 
emy there  when  nineteen,  went  to  Paris  for 
one  year,  returned  to  Amsterdam,  and  set- 
tled at  The  Hague.  Honorary  member  of 
Rotterdam  Academy  in  1850.  Works  :  Cal- 


374 


KATZENSTEIN 

vinist  Prisoners  under  Louis  XTV.;  Paternal  Como  until  1754,  where  Angelica,  at  the 
Blessing ;  Political  Discussions ;  lliniil  Feast  age  of  eleven,  attracted  general  attention 
(1856);  Dutch  Fishermen  (1857);  From  Siege  by  her  ]>ortrait  of  the  Bishop  of  Conio,  nml 
of  Alkmaur  ;  The  Eight  of  the  Stronger;  finally  at  Milan,  where  she  copied  the  mas- 
Levee  of  the  Marquis  ;  Court  Scene  ;  Guard  terworks  of  the  Lombard  school,  and  painted 
llooin  ;  Imprisoned  Spies;  Ostade  and  his  portraits.  After  her  mother's  death,  she 
Models;  Persecution  of  Jews;  Tavern  Scene;  went  with  her  father  to  Sehwarzenberg, 
Poacher;  Trial  of  the  Sword  ;  Trial  of  the  Vorarlberg,  his  native  place,  and  assisted 
Brush;  Anteroom,  Museum,  Amsterdam;  him  in  decorating  tho  parish  church.  Soon 
III  Church,  Museum  Fodor,  il>.;  Musical  after  completing  this  work,  she  returned  to 
Tea  Party  in  Time  of  Louis  XV.  (1*51),  Italy,  and  having  visited  Milan,  Bologna. 
Raveue  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Dutch  Village  Inn,  and  Parma,  was  in  r'lorenee  in  ITU'.',  in 
Carlsruhe Gallery  ;  Soldiers  at  the  Inn,  Stet-  Home  in  ITiii!  <il,  whence  she  visited  Naples, 
tin  Museum. — Immer/.eel,  ii.  D7  ;  Kramm,  then  in  Bologna  in  17G5,  and  studied  in  Veu- 
iiL  840;  Miiller,  2'.W  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  ice  Titian,  Tintoretto,  and  Paolo  Ycroni •*.  . 
xxi.  41KJ.  In  ITTii  she  accompanied  L:ulv  NVentworth 
KATZENSTEIN,  LOUIS,  born  in  (,'assel  to  England,  where  she  met  with  the  must 
ill  1824.  Genre  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  llattering  reception.  An  unfortunate  mar- 
of  Cassel  Academy,  and  in  Paris  of  Cognict  ;  riage  with  an  impostor  who  had  passed  him- 
went  to  England  to  paint  portraits,  spent  self  olV  for  a  Swi-dish  ('mint  Horn  blighted 
one  year  in  Italy,  and  then  some  time  in  her  life,  although  she  soon  obtained  a  di- 
Portugal,  where  he  was  employed  by  the  vorce.  In  ITli'.l  she  was  elected  one  of  the 
king.  Works:  Van  Dyck  and  Charles  L,  original  members  of  the  Koyal  Academy,  to 
Municipal  Gallery,  Cassel ;  Hubens  and  whose  exhibitions  she  annually  contributed 
Brouwer  ;  Grandfather  and  Grandson  ;  until  ITSl,  when  slie  married  the  Venetian 
Ostade  in  a  Tavern;  The  Widow;  Letter-  painter  Antonio  /ucchi,  and  went  to  Venice, 
Writer  ;  Don  Sebastian  ;  Return  from  Mas-  and  in  1782  to  Home  and  Naples,  where  she 
querade  Ball  ;  Girls'  School;  Cinderella;  was  in  great  favour  with  the  royal  family. 
Declaration  of  Love  ;  Fortune-Teller  ;  Pe-  On  her  return  to  Home,  the  Emperor  -Jo 
titioner  ;  Favourable  Moment ;  Interior  of  seph  II.  sought  her  acquaintance,  and  gave 
Lowenburg  near  Cassel.  —  Illustr.  /eitg.  her  commissions  for  his  gallery.  Her  nu- 
),  ii.  1520  ;  Miiller,  2'.):!.  merous  compositions,  although  weak  in 
KAUFFMANN,  (MARIA  ANNA)  AN-  drawing  and  often  monotonous  through 
GEL1CA,  born  repetition  of  the  same  subject,  especially  in 
,^31  .  at  Coire,  Switz-  her  female  figures,  show  in  their  warm  col- 
•-***  erland,  Oct.  ;i(),  ouring  and  graceful  treatment  the  influence 
1741,  died  in  of  Mengs.  She  painted  her  own  portrait 
Koine,  Nov.  5,  several  times;  her  bust  was  placed  in  tho 
1807.  History  Pantheon  in  1808.  Works:  Twelve  Apos- 
^  K\  and  portrait  ties  (fresco,  1757),  Church  at  Sehwar/en- 
i7  ,'  ''vlv  painter,  dangh- '  berg  ;  Female  Figure  allured  by  Music  and 
ter  and  pupil  of  Painting  (17(!0)  ;  Death  of  Leonardo  da 
'Joseph  Ktuift-  Vinci  (1781);  Servius  Tullius  as  a  Child 
maim,  an  infe-  (1784,  for  the  C/ar  Paul)  ;  Ilirinaiui  and 
rior  portrait  painter,  who  was,  at  that  time,  Thusnelda,  Funeral  of  Pallas  (both  178(!, 
employed  by  the  Prince-Bishop  of  Coire.  for  Joseph  II.),  Vienna  Museum  ;  Virgil 
From  1742  until  1757  the  faiuily  lived  in  reading  his  ,Eneid  to  Empress  Octnvia, 
North  Italy,  at  Morbeguo  until  1752,  at  Augustus  reading  Verses  relating  to  Death 

376 


KAUFFMAN 


of  Marcellus,  Achilles  in  Female  Attire  dis- 
covered by  Ulysses  (for  Catherine  II.),  Nii- 
tbaii  anil  David,  St.  Joachim,  St.  Ann  and 
infant,  Christ,  (1785-88);  Cupid,  Holy  Fam- 
ily, Circe  and  Heros,  Telemachus  received 
liv  Calypso,  Adonis  going  *°  Hunt,  Mother 
of  the  Gracchi,  Brutus  condemning  his  Sons 
to  Death,  Agrippina  with  the  Ashes  of  Ger- 
nianicus,  Venus  and  Euphrosyne,  Cupid 
leading-  Bacchus  to  Ariadne,  Pyrrhus  car- 
ried by  Nurse  to  Glaucias,  Deatli  of  Alecs- 
tis,  1'raxiteles  giving  to  Phryne  Statuette 
of  Cupid,  Phryne  tempting  Xeuocrates, 
Kgeria  with  Numa  Poinpilius,  Nathan  up- 
braiding  David,  Venus  advising  the  Bride 
of  Menelaus  to  love  Paris,  Ovid  in  Exile 
writing  his  Elegies,  First  Meeting  of  Hero 
and  Leander,  Nymph  with  White  Veil,  Abra- 
ham casting  ofl'Hagar,  Annunciation,  Christ 
and  the  Children  (1788-118);  Religion  sur- 
rounded by  Virtues  (17118),  National  Gal- 
lerv,  London  ;  Ariadne  and  Theseus,  Dres- 
den Gallery;  Scene  from  Ossian's  Songs; 
M-idonna,  Aschaftenburg  Gallery  ;  do.  in 
Glory,  Omnia  Vanitas,  Mary  of  Egypt 
(1798-1800)  ;  Christ  and  the  Woman  of 
Samaria  (1711!)),  New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ; 
Coriolunus  going  into  Exile  (1802);  Cleo- 
patra and  Augustus  ;  Birth  of  John  the 
Baptist,  St.  Magdalen  (18015);  Orpheus  and 
Eurydice  ;  Messalina's  Sacrifice  ;  Memory 
of  General  Stanwick's  Daughter  ;  Interview 
between  Edgar  and  Elfrida  ;  Unua  and 
Abra,  Samma  at  Beuoni's  Grave  ;  Cupid 
drying  Psyche's  Tears  ;  Yorick  and  the 
Monk  of  Calais,  Yorick  and  Juliette  (Sterne's 
"Sentimental  Journey''),  Adieux  of  Abelard 
and  Heloise,  Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg ; 
Thetis  bathing  Achilles  in  Water  from  the 
Styx,  Piinaldo  and  Armida,  Subject  from 
Ancient  History,  Academy,  ib. ;  Holy  Fam- 
ily, Young  Girl  combing  her  Hair,  Girl  and 
Old  Man,  Female  Figure,  Musco  Civico, 
Venice  ;  Sibyls  (2),  Piuacoteca,  Turin  ;  Vir- 
tue directed  by  Prudence  to  avoid  the  So- 
licitations of  Folly,  Pennsylvania  Academy, 
Philadelphia.  Portraits  :  Mousignore  Nev- 
roni,  Bishop  of  Conio  (1752);  Christian.  HI. 


AK/4 


of  Denmark  (1707);  Royal  Family  of  Naples 
(1782-84);  Prince  Ponia'towski  (1785);  Raph- 
ael Mengs  (2)-,  Goethe  ;  Lady  Hamilton  ; 
Antonio  Zucchi  (2);  Young  Lady  as  Sibyl, 
do.  as  Vestal,  Dresden  Gallery ;  Winkel- 
mann,  Stiidel  Gallery,  Frankfort,  and  Ztirich 
Gallery  ;  Louis  I.  of  Bavaria  as  Crown  Prince 
(1805),  Now  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  do., 
Schleissheim  Gallery ;  A  Lady,  Stuttgart 
Museum  ;  Duchess  of  Brunswick,  Hampton 
Court  Palace ;  Architect  Novosielski,  Na- 
tional Gallery,  Edinburgh  ;  Portrait  of  Her- 
self, National  Portrait  Gallery,  London  ; 
do.,  Berlin  Museum  ;  do.  (1784),  Old  Pin- 
akothek, Munich ;  do.  (3),  Ferdinandeum, 
Innsbruck  ;  do.,  Pennsylvania  Academy, 

Philadel- 
phia.— All- 
g  e  m  .  d  . 
Biogr.,  xv. 
Kid  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  £cole  allemande  ;  Dohme, 
lii.;  Fc">rster,  iv.  35;  Goethe,  Winckelmann 
u.  Nciu  Jahrh.,  ii.  135  ;  Guhl,  KJ3  ;  Reber, 
i.  8(i  ;  lliegel,  -17  ;  Stcrnberg,  Bcrfihmte 
deutschc  Frauen,  i. ;  Weinhart,  Leben  tier 
A.  K. ;  Wurzbach,  xi.  44  ;  Rossi,  Vita  di  A. 
K.  (Florence,  1810);  Wessely,  Kunstiibeude 
Frauen,  73. 

KAUFFMANN,  HERMANN,  born  in 
Hamburg,  Nov.  7, 
1808.  Genre  and 
landscape  painter, 
pupil  in  Hamburg  of 
Gerdt  Hardorff,  then 
of  Munich  Academy  ; 
lias  visited  the  Bavar- 
ian  and  Tyrolese 
Alps,  Norway,  and 
North  Germany ;  lives 
in  Hamburg.  Works: 
On  the  Seashore  (1842),  Darmstadt  Mu- 
seum ;  Bavarian  Mountaineers  resting  on 
Rocky  Path  (1841),  Midday  Rest  during  Har- 
vest, Freight  Wagon  before  Smithy  (1843 ),  Re- 
turn from  the  Alp,  Snow  Landscape  (1848), 
Road  through  the  Heath,  Ferry  in  Tyrol, 
Village  View  with  Peasants,  Wood-Carters 
in  the  Snow,  Kuusthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Postil- 


.376 


KAUFFMANN 


ion  in  Snowstorm,  Hay  Harvest,  Provin/.ial 
Museum,  Hanover  ;  Cemetery  in  Winter, 
Kunigsberg  Museum  ;  Foraging  Convoy  iu 
the  Snow,  Stettin  Museum  ;  Interior  of  Post- 
Station  ;  Bear-Dance  in  a  Village  ;  Leaving 
the  Alps  ;  North  German  Heath  ;  Sleighing 
on  the  Elbe  ;  Hay  Harvest  (IK(iD)  ;  Fishing 
Scene  on  the  Ice.— Miiller,  2'J» ;  Zeitsdir.  f. 
b.  K.,  ix.  (Mittheilungen,  ii.  2(>). 

KAUFFMANN,  HUGO,  bora  in  Ham- 
burg, Aug.  7,  1844. 
Genre  painter,  son 
of  Hermann,  pupil 
of  Stiidel  Institute, 
Frankfort,  u  n  cl  e  r 
Jacob  Becker  and 
Zwerger ;  studied 
then  for  a  short  time 
in  Diisseldorf,  lived 
at  Kronberg  in  the 
Tiiuuus  in  18M-71, 
during  which  period  he  spent  a  year  and  a 
half  in  Paris,  and  then  settled  in  Munich. 
Works  ;  Labourer  Politicians  (1868),  Kunst- 
hallc,  Hamburg  ;  Start  for  the  Chase,  Waltz 
for  the  Old  People  (INTO);  Tavern  Scene  ; 
Fortune-Teller  ;  Horses  at  Watering-Tank  ; 
Loading  Wood  ;  Master  is  Coming !  Pig 
Trade  ;  Auction  (187:!);  Sick  Pointer  ;  After 
School ;  Return  from  Chase  ;  In  the  Fox 
Trap  ;  Jealous  Dragoon  ;  Wandering  Musi- 
cians (187<J);  Juggler  (1SHO);  Poachers  sur- 
prised by  Forester  ;  Excited  Minds  (188:t); 
Good  Beer!  Bad  Beer!  (1884);  Chicken 
Bobber  Killed  (1885).— Kunst-Chronik,  v. 
xii.  ;  Miiller,  293  ;  Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1884),  i. 
105,  108. 

KAUFMANN,  THKODOR,  born  at  Ucl- 
zen,  Hanover,  in  1814.  Genre  painter,  pupil 
in  Munich  of  Kaulbach  ;  took  part  in  the 
revolution  at  Dresden  in  1848,  went  to 
America  in  1855,  and  fought  on  the  side  of 
the  Union  in  the  Civil  War.  In  1K71  he 
published  the  "American  Painting-Book." 
Works  :  Admiral  Farragut  entering  Har- 
bour through  Torpedos  ;  General  Sherman 
in  Camp  ;  Westward  Course  of  the  Union  ; 
Indiana  attacking  Train ;  Slaves  seeking 


born    at 


Shelter,  under  Flag  of  the  Union  ;  Farrngut 
in  the  Rigging  ;  Portrait  of  Senator  Revels. 
—Miiller,  2!)3  ;  Br.  Meyer,  Stud.  u.  Krit., 
322. 

KAULBACH,  FRIEDH1CH, 
Arolsen,  Waldeck, 
July  8,  1822.  Por- 
trait painter,  neph- 
ew and  pupil  in 
Mnniehof  Wilhelm 
Kaulbach  in  18:5!)- 
45,  after  which  lie 
visited  Italv  ;  re- 
turneil  to  Munich, 
and  after  some 
years  went  as  court-painter  to  Hanover. 
Especially  excels  in  female  portraits.  Mem- 
ber of  Iterlin  Academy.  Gold  medal  in  Ber- 
lin (1872);  medal  in  Vienna  (187.5);  Mu- 
nich, 2d  class,  lS8.'i.  Works  :  Abel  found  by 
his  Parents;  Coronation  of  Charlemagne, 
Maximiliancum,  Munich  ;  Portraits  of  Koyal 
Familv  itf  Hanover,  Gallery,  Hanover,  Por- 
trait of  Sculptor  Gosser,  Provinzial  Museum, 
ill.;  Empress  of  Austria,  Grand  Duchess  of 
Mecklenburg,  Princess  Alexandrine,  ( iernian 
Crown  Prince,  Princess  Wilhelmine  of  lb  s- 
sen-Philippsthal,  C'onnt  and  Countess  Stol- 
berg,  Count  and  Countess  Knyphauscn. 
Sculptor  Elizabeth  Ney.  —  I).  Kunstblalt 
(1855),  K52;  (185C),  35,  3!l7  ;  (1857),  245; 
Miiller,  2114. 

KAULBACH,  FHIKDK1CH  AUGUST, 
born  in  Hanover,  June 
2,  1850.  Genre  and 
portrait  painter,  son 
and  pupil  of  Friedrich 
Kaulbach,  then  pupil 
at  Nuremberg  of  K  re- 
ling  ;  settled  in  Mu- 
nich in  1872.  Strives 
in  his  portraits  to  imi- 
tate Holbein.  Mem- 
ber of  Berlin  Acad- 
emy, Gold  medal,  Berlin,  1884  ;  Bavarian 
Crown  Order,  1885.  Works  :  Mother's  Joy  ; 
Lute-Player ;  Girl  in  the  Woods  ;  Revery  ; 
The  Walk ;  German  Lady  of  IGth  Century 


IvAULBACH 


(1ST.",);  May-Pay  (1879),  Dresden  Gallery;1 
Portrait  of  Johanna  Lahmeyer  (1870)  ;  Fe- 
male Portrait  ( 1877)  ;  Summer  Pleasure  ; 
Lute-Players,  Vienna  Museum.  —  Illustr. 
Zeitg.  (1870),  ii.  4  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xvii. 
41)2  ;  Muller,  21)4  ;  Leixner,  Mod.  K.,  i.  107  ; 
Illustr.  Zeitg.  (1870),  ii.  4,  501  ;  (1888),  i. 
7!)  ;  ii.  298  ;  /eitscli.,  xiv.  .'52  ;  xx.  75. 
KAULBACH,  HERMANN,  born  in  Mu- 
nich, July  20,  184G.  His- 
torical genre  painter, 
son  of  Wilhelm  Kaul- 
baeli,  pupil  of  Piloty, 
then  went  to  Italy.  Me- 
dal  in  Vienna  (1873). 
Honorary  member  of 
Munich  Academy,  1SS5. 
Works:  Monk  Paint  ing, 
Germanic  Museum,  Nu- 
remberg ;  Louis  XI. 
and  his  Barber  at  Peroune  (1869);  Children's 
Confession  (1871);  Hansel  and  Gretel  with 
the  Witch  (1872);  Mo/art's  last  Moments 
I  is?:!) ;  From  the  Holy  Land  (1874)  ;  Sebas- 
tian Bach  at  Frederic  the  Great's  ( 1875);  Vol- 
taire at  Paris  (1870) ;  With  the  Tower-Fal- 
cons (1879);  Messalina  (1882).—  Muller,  294; 
Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xviii.  588  ;  Leixner,  Moil. 
K.,  ii.  19;  Illustr.  Xeitg.  (188:!),  ii.  298. 

KAULBACH,  WILHELM  VON,  born  at 
Arolsen,  Oct.  15, 
1805,  died  in  Mu- 
nich, April  7,  1874. 
History  painter, 
pupil  of  Diisseldorf 
Academy  under 
Cornelius,  whom 
he  followed  in  1825 
to  Munich  and  con- 
tinued his  studies 
in  the  A  c  a  d  e  m  y 

there.  Though  occupied  from  1820  with 
several  great  decorative  compositions  in  the 
Palace,  the  Odeon,  and  the  Hofgarten,  Mu- 
nich, he  did  not  really  learn  to  paint  until 
lie  went  to  Home  in  1889.  In  1847  he  was 
called  to  Berlin  to  decorate  the  Treppeu- 
haus  (Staircase  Hall)  of  the  New  Museum, 


which  occupied  him  many  years  ;  in  1849 
appointed  director  of  the  Munich  Academy. 
He  was  an  officer  of  the  L.  of  Honour,  Grand 
Commander  of  St.  Michael,  Commander  of 
the  Order  of  Francis  Joseph,  corresponding 
member  of  the  Institute  of  France,  and  mem- 
ber of  several  academies.  Kaulbach  made 
many  designs  for  book  illustrations,  among 
them  those  for  Reynard  the  Fox  (1846), 
Goethe's  Faust,  The  Gospels,  Dance  of 
Death,  the  works  of  Shakespeare  and  Schil- 
ler, and  Wagner's  operas.  Despite  his  man- 
nerisms, he  was  one  of  the  greatest  modern 
German  painters,  and  with  his  master  Cor- 
nelius represents  the  new  Munich  school 
during  the  reign  of  King  Louis  of  Bavaria. 
Works  :  Apollo  and  the  Muses  (1820),  Ode- 
on, Munich ;  Symbolical  figures  of  four 
Bavarian  Rivers,  Bavaria,  sixteen  wall  paint- 
ings from  Fable  of  Cupid  and  Psyche,  Palace 
o!  Duke  Max,  Munich  ;  Insane  Asylum,  Bat- 
tle of  the  Saxons  (1884,  cartoon),  Battle  of 
the  Huns  (18135  87,  cartoon),  Raczynski  Gal- 
lery, Berlin;  Destruction  of  Jerusalem  (1888, 
cartoon)  (1842-47,  in  oil),  New  Pinakothek, 
Munich  ;  Deliverance  of  Holy  Sepulchre  by 
the  Crusaders  ;  Christ  iii  Purgatory  ;  Auac- 
reon  and  his  Love,  Villa  Rosenstein,  near 
Stuttgart;  Artist's  portrait  from  Masquerade 
Festival  in  1840,  Germanic  Museum,  Nu- 
remberg ;  Life-size  Group  after  Goethe's 
Elegies,  National  Museum,  Pestli ;  Wall 
paintings  in  Treppenhaus,  Berlin  Museum  : 
Fall  of  Babel,  Homer  and  the  Greeks,  De- 
struction of  Jerusalem,  The  Crusaders,  Bat- 
tle of  the  Ilnnn,  The  Reformation,  and  con- 
necting figures  (1847-05);  Apotheosis  of  a 
Good  King  (1851),  Schleissheim  Gallery  ; 
The  Saga  (1852),  Shepherd  Boy  in  Rome, 
Raczynski  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Oil  Sketches  (19) 
for  Frescos  (executed  on  outside  of  Pinako- 
thek by  Nilson  and  Barth)  representing  De- 
velopment of  Modern  Art  in  Munich,  Por- 
trait of  King  Louis  I.  of  Bavaria  (Sketch, 
1843),  Portraits  of  the  Painters  Heinlein 
and  Monten  (1840),  New  Pinakothek,  Mu- 
nich ;  Battle  of  Salamis,  Stuttgart  Museum  ; 
Portrait  of  Louis  I.  of  Bavaria,  Pennsylvania 


37S 


KEIIUEX 


Academy,  Philadelphia ;  Otto  III.  in  the 
Tomb  of  Charlemagne  (fresco),  Nuremberg 
Museum ;  Meeting  of  Charlemagne  and 
Wittikind,  Assassination  of  Csesar  (cartoon), 
Battle  of  Salami*,  Maximilianeum,  Munich  ; 
Nero  persecuting  the  Christians  ;  Peter  Ar- 
bues — the  German  Michael  ;  C>n>\il  and 
Psyche,  Mm.  A.  T.  Stewart,  New  York  ; 
Charity,  H.  Probasco,  Cincinnati. — Allgom. 
d.  Biogr.,  xv.  478  ;  Art  Journal  (1805),  305 ; 
Brockhaus,  x.  202  ;  Dioskuren,  1805  ;  Illust. 
Zeitg.  (1872),  i.  31  ;  (1874),  i.  !),  'Ml  ;  (1870), 
i.  310  ;  Kugler,  kl.  Schriften,  iii.  278,  421, 
549 ;  Kunst-Chronik,  vii.  350 ;  viii.  544  : 
ix.  425  ;  Mitterbacher,  Kaulbarh's  Nero  ; 
Pecht,  ii.  54  ;  Perrier,  Etudes,  200  ;  Roset- 
ti,  F.  A.,  123  ;  Keber,  ii.  GO,  1KO  ;  Hegnct. 
i.  212;  Schasler,  I).  Wandgemaldo  W.  v. 
K.'s.  ;  Land  und  Meer  (1874),  i.  15;  ii. 
751  ;  Woltmann,  Aus  vier  Jahrliunderten. 
288  ;  Proceedings  Ainer.  Acad.,  viii.  23'.»  ; 
Zeitschr.  f.  1).  K.,  i.  37,  118  ;  v.  12'.)  ;  \i.  257. 
KEHREN,  JOSEF,  born  at  Hiilchratli, 
Duchy  of  Berg,  May  30,  1817,  died  in  Diis- 
seldorf,  May  12,  18KO.  History  painter,  pu- 
pil of  the  Diisseldorf  Academy,  where  lie  was 
Schadow's  assistant.  In  1839  he  produced 
his  first  independent  work,  and  afterwards 
assisted  artist  friends  in  the  execution  of 
frescos,  viz.:  Stilke  at  Burg  Stol/cnfels  in 
1840,  Mdller  in  St.  Apollinaris  Church,  Ive- 
magen,  and  Rethel  in  the  cycle  from  the  life 
of  Charlemagne  in  the  City  Hall  at  Aix-la- 
Chapelle,  which  he  completed  (18(i2)  after 
Rethel  became  insane  (1852).  Works:  St. 
Agnes,  Count  Trips  (1839)  ;  St.  Hubert 
(1841)  ;  Madonna  (1842)  Church  at  Weve- 
linghofen;  Christ  and  Peter  (1844):  Lorelev 
(1847);  Joseph  discovering  himself  to  his 
Brethren  (184!l),  Miss  Mason,  New  York  ; 
Christ  and  Disciples  at  Emmaiis  (1852)  ; 
Good  Shepherd,  Christ  Crucified,  Mater 
Dolorosa  (1872)  ;  Saul  beside  Body  of  St. 
Stephen  (1873,  cartoon). — Allgem.  d.  Biogr., 
xv.  528;  Forster,  v.  384  ;  Kunstbl.  (1S51|, 
371  ;  (1857),  43  ;  (1858),  50  ;  Kunst-Chron- 
ik, xv.  624  ;  Wolfgang  Muller,  Dttaseldorfer 
K,  55  ;  WiegmauD,  175. 


KEIRINCX  (Kerrincx,  Kicrings),  ALEX- 
ANDER, born  in  Antwerp,  Jan.  23,  1000, 
died  in  Amsterdam  after  1052.  Flemish 
school ;  landscape  painter.  Master  of  Ant- 
werp guild  in  1019,  bought  freedom  of  Am- 
sterdam, January  30,  1052,  probably  lived 
for  some  time  at,  Utrecht,  and  is  not,  as 
heretofore  reported  by  Dutch  writers,  iden- 
tical with  Jacob  Kecrinex  who  went  to  Eng- 
land to  paint  for  Charles  I.  castles  and 
landscapes  in  Scotland.  Poelenburg  often 
supplied  the  figures  in  his  pictures.  Works: 
Forest  (1029),  Hague  Museum  ;  do.  (1030). 
Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Landscape  with  Flight, 
into  Egypt,  Basic  Museum  ;  Temple  Ruins, 
Lcipsic  Museum  :  Temptation  of  Christ 
(1030),  Schleissheini  Gallery:  Landscapes 
in  galleries  at  Aschaffenhlirg,  Augsburg  (it), 
Copenhagen  (3,  one  dated  1030),  Schwerin 
(2),  in  museums  at  Huston,  Brunswick  (3, 
two  dated  1021,  101(1),  Cologne.  Darmstadt, 
Dresden  (4,  one  dated  10211).  and  Stock- 
holm ;  in  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  (1031), 
Liechtenstein 
Gallery,  Vien- 
na.  and  Her- 
milage.  St.  PC- 
tersburg  (2). — 
Allgem.  d.  Biogr..  xv.  539  ;  Kramm,  iii.  842  ; 
Riegel,  IV'itriige,  i.  N9  ;  ii.  102,  ITU;  Van 
den  Branden,  1059. 

KELLEK,  ALMEPiT,  born  at  Gais,  Swit/- 
erland,  April  27,  1SJI. 
Genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Munich  Academy  under 
Lenbach,  then  under 
ll;iiiiberg,  whose  most 
gifted  scholar  he  was  ; 
studied  the  old  masters, 
and  visi  ted  1 1  aly  , 
France,  England,  and 
Holland.  Medal,  Vi- 
enna, 1873.  Works  : 
The  Tipplers  (1809)  ;  Audience  of  Louis 
XV.  (1871)  ;  Chopin  (1873);  Sylvair  Soli- 
tude, Temptation  (1870);  Picnde/.vous  ; 
Liidy  in  Ball  Toilet,  Souvenir  (1877) ;  A  Ko- 
iiian  Bath  ;  Empress  Faustina  in  the  Temple 


3T9 


KELLER 


of  Juno   at  Praeneste ;   Rising   of  Tabea, 
Judgment  of  Paris  (1885).— D.  illustr.  Zeitg. 
(1885),  i.  151  ;  Leixner,  Mod.  K.,  i.  100. 
KELLER,  FERDINAND,  born  in  Carls- 
flMBfc^          ruheAug.5,1842. 
Landscape,  his- 
tory, portrait,  and 
genre  painter,  pu- 
pil   of    Carlsruhe 
Art  School  under 
Schirmer,  then  of 
Canon ;  visited,  in 
1800,    and    later, 
France  and  Italy. 
In  1858  he  accom- 

pnnied  his  father  and  brother  to  Brazil, 
whence  he  brought,  studies  for  his  tropical 
landscapes.  His  first  historical  painting, 
the  Death  of  Philip  II.,  exhibited  in  Paris 
iu  18(57,  excited  general  admiration,  and  won 
the  first,  prize  at  Rio  Janeiro.  Professor 
and,  since  1880,  director  of  Carlsruhe  Art 
School.  Medal,  Vienna,  1S73.  Works  : 
From  the  Primeval  Forest  ;  Bay  of  Rio  de- 
Janeiro  ;  Alchymist  ;  Carrier-Pigeon  ;  Nero 
at  Conflagration  of  Home  (1873)  ;  Lohen- 
grin and  Telraiuund;  Scene  in  Marriage  of 
Figaro  ;  Humboldt  on  the  Orinoco  (1875); 
Sketch  for  Curtain  in  Royal  Theatre  (1875), 
Dresden  Museum  ;  Entombment  ;  Victory 
of  Margrave  Louis  William  of  Baden  at 
Salankemen  in  1001,  Carlsruhe  Gallery  ; 
Hero  and  Leander  (1880) ;  Portrait  of  Grand- 
duchess  of  Oldenburg  and  little  Daughter 
(1884).  Fresco,  Annunciation  (1870), 
Jesuit  Church,  Heidelberg ;  Classic  and 
Romantic  Art  and  Science  (1885),  cycle  in 
staircase  of  United  Collections  at  Carlsruhe.  ' 
— Kunst-Chronik,  x.  580  ;  xx.  057  ;  Kunst.  ' 
f.  Allc,  i.  103;  Miiller,  205;  Illustr.  Zeitg. 
(1874),  i.  207  ;  (1875),  i.  13,  47  ;  (1881),  ii. 
3(58;  Land  und  Meer  (1878),  i.  251. 

KELLERHOVEN,  MORITZ,  born  at  Al- ' 
tenrath,  Duchy  of  Berg,  in  1758,  died  in 
Munich  in  1830.  Portrait  painter,  studied 
in  Diisseldorf  under  Krahe,  and  in  Antwerp; 
went  to  Vienna  in  1770,  and  to  Italy  in 
1782.  Made  court-painter  in  1784  to  the 


Elector  Charles  Theodor  in  Munich,  and 
first  professor  at  the  reorganized  Academy 
there,  in  1808.  Works  :  Max  I.  of  Bavaria, 
Munich  University  ;  Gustavus  Adolphus  IV. 
of  Sweden,  and  his  Queen ;  Archduke 
Charles  of  Austria  ;  Crown  Prince  Ludwig  ; 
Augusta  Amalia  von  Leuchtenberg  ;  Bishop 
von  Streber ;  Archbishop  von  Gebsattel ; 
Last  Abbot  of  Steingaden,  New  Pinakothek, 
Munich ;  Portrait  of  a  Singer,  do.  of  a 
Prelate,  Schleissheim  Gallery. — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xv.  584  ;  Cotta's  Kunstblatt  (1831), 
173;Nagler,  vi.  553. 

KELS,  FRANZ,  born  at  Derendorf,  West- 
phalia, in  1828.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Diisseldorf  Academy.  W7orks :  Girl  with 
Goat  (1H40)  ;  Peasant  Woman  with  Child 
before  Madonna  (1852);  Westphalian  Peas- 
ant Wedding  (185(1);  Domestic  Happiness 
(1S57);  Spring  Offering  (1860);  Apple  Har- 
vest ( 1802);  Girls  at  the  Brook.— D.  Kunstbl. 
(1S50),  405  ;  (1S57),  18  ;  Miiller,  20G. 
KENS  KIT,  JOHN  FREDERICK,  born 
in  Cheshire,  Conn., 
March  22,  1818,  died 
in  New  York,  Dec. 
10,  1872.  Landscape 
painter  ;  after  study- 
ing engraving  under 
Daggett,  he  spent 
seven  3- ears  abroad 
(1840-47),  painting 
in  England,  Rome, 
Naples,  Switzerland, 

on  the  Rhine,  and  among  the  Italian  lakes. 
First  exhibited  at  Royal  Academy,  London, 
in  1845.  Elected  N.A.  in  New  York,  in 
1840.  In  1850,  appointed  member  of  the 
commission  to  superintend  the  decoration 
of  the  Capitol  at  Washington.  Professional 
life  spent  in  New  York.  W7orks  :  Mount 
Washington  from  North  Con  way  (1840)  ; 
Sketch  of  Mount  Washington  (1851),  High 
Bank  on  Genesee  River  (1857),  October  Af- 
ternoon (1804),  Corcoran  Gallery,  Washing- 
ton ;  Franconia  Mountains  (1853)  ;  Sunset 
on  the  Coast  (1858) ;  Sunset  in  the  Adiron- 
dacks  (1800)  ;  Twenty-four  Landscapes  and 


KENT 


Sea  Views,  New  York  Museum  ;  Noon  on 
the  Seashore  (engraved  by  S.  V.  Hunt); 
Bashbish  ;  Lake  Conesus  (Robert  Hoc,  New 
York),  Coast  of  Massachusetts  (S.  Gaudy, 
ib.),  Glimpse  of  the  White  Mountains  (18(>7); 
New  Hampshire  Scenery,  Century  Club, 
New  York  ;  Afternoon  on  the  Connecticut 
Shore,  John  Taylor  Johnston  sale,  ib., 
1877;  Lake  George,  Morris  K.  Jcsup,  ib. : 
Narragansett ;  From  the  Meadows  at  Cold 
Spring  ;  Bass  Rock  —  Newport  ;  Italian 
Lake,  J.  W.  Drexel,  New  York  ;  Landscape, 
R.  L.  Kennedy,  ib. ;  On  the  Thames,  J.  W. 
McCoy,  Baltimore  ;  Sunset,  C.  C.  Perkins, 
Boston. 

KENT,  WILLIAM,  born  in  Yorkshire  in 
KiKo,  died  in  London,  April  1'2,  1748.  1'or- 
trait  and  decoration  painter;  went  about 
1704  to  London,  and  in  1710  to  Rome. 
where  he  gained  a  second-class  medal. 
After  a  second  journey  to  Rome  he  settled 
in  London,  under  the  patronage  of  Lord 
Burlington.  He  decorated  Wanstead  House, 
Rainham,  and  painted  several  ceilings  for 
Sir  Robert  \Valpole  at  Hampton,  but  is  best 
known  as  the  architect  of  Devonshire  House. 
Piccadilly  ;  the  Earl  of  Yarboronglfs  house, 
Arlington  Street  ;  the  Horse  Guards.  White 
hall,  and  other  buildings.  He  was  a  weak 
man  and  was  caricatured  by  Hogarth,  but 
had  considerable  influence  on  the  taste  of 
his  day  and  held  the  appointment  of  master 
carpenter,  architect,  keeper  of  the  pictures, 
and  principal  painter  to  the  Crown.  In 
Hampton  Court  Palace  are  pictures  by  him 
of  the  Interview  and  Marriage  of  Henry  V. 
and  Princess  Catherine. — Redgrave  ;  F.  de 
Conches,  !)0. 

KERCKHOVE,  JOSEPH  VAN  DEN, 
born  in  Bruges,  May  4,  lf>07,  died  there, 
Aug.  8,  1724.  Flemish  school ;  history  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  at  Bruges  of  Jan  van 
Meuninexhove,  then  at  Antwerp  of  Jan  Eras- 
mus Quellin.  Perfected  himself  on  a  jour- 
ney through  France,  lived  for  some  time  in 
Paris,  and  on  his  return  founded  with  Diivc- 
uede  the  Bruges  Academy,  of  which  he  was 
appointed  the  first  professor.  Painted  for 


churches  and  public  buildings  many  histori- 
cal pictures,  distinguished  for  good  compo- 
sition and  colouring  and  knowledge  of  archi- 
tecture and  perspective.  Works  :  Assembly 
of  the  Gods,  Town  Hall,  Bruges  ;  St.  Cath- 
erine of  Siena  (1716),  Academy,  ib. — Im- 
merzeel,  ii.  1(12  ;  Nagler,  vi.  55!)  ;  Weale, 
Cat.,  !)(). 

KKRKHOVE,  FRITZ  VAN  DE,  born  at 
Bruges  in  Oct..  1KC.2,  died  there,  Aug.  12, 
1S7.'!.  Landscape  painter.  This  phenom- 
enal child  began  to  paint,  at  the  age  of 
seven,  landscapes  on  a  diminutive  scale,  of 
which  about  .'!.">(!  were  exhibited  in  the  great 
cities  of  Europe,  calling  forth  a  protracted 
controversy  among  the  art-critics  as  to  their 
authenticity.  —  Siret,  L'enfant  de  Bruges 
(Paris,  1S7C,). 

KERN,  ANTON,  born  at  Tetschen.  Bo- 
hemia,  in  1710,  died  in  Dresden.  June  S. 
1717.  German  school;  history  painter. 
pupil  111  Dresden  of  UOSM.  then  for  seven 
years  in  Venice  of  Pittoni  ;  returned  to  Dres- 
den a  finished  artist,  went  to  I!  mie  in  17rW, 
and  was  made  court-painter  to  Augustus  III. 
in  1711.  Works:  St.  John  Nepomuk,  St. 
Joseph,  St.  Barbara,  Trinity,  St.  John  F.van- 
gelist,  all  in  churches  near  Tetschen  ;  St. 
Apollonia  ;  St.  Barbara  ;  St.  Aiigustin,  Ab- 
bey of  Strahow,  Prague  ;  Adoration  of  the 
Magi,  Circumcision,  Marv  the  Virgin  at  the 
Cradle,  St.  Magdalen,  Holy  Family,  Christ, 
in  the  Temple,  C/.ernin  Gallery;  Trinitv. 
Prague  Gallery;  St.  Hubert;  Alexander 
and  Diogenes;  Rachel  and  Jacob  ;  Rebecca 
and  Elea/.ar  ;  Fair  Flower  Girl:  Four  Sea- 
sons ;  St.  Sebastian  Dying,  Darmstadt  Mu- 
seum ;  Massacre  of  Innocents,  Dresden  Gal- 
lery.— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xv.  (Did  ;  Wur/- 
bach,  xi.  1S4. 

KERRICX,  WILLEM  IGNATIFS,  born 
in  Antwerp,  bapti/ed  April  22,  ll!S2,  died 
there,  buried  Jan.  7,  174.~>.  Flemish  school  ; 
historv  painter,  son  of  the  sculptor  Willeni 
Kerricx,  and  pupil  of  Godefroid  Maes,  the 
younger.  He  became  master  of  the  guild 
in  17015,  and  painted  several  excellent  altar- 
pieces.  Was  also  a  sculptor,  architect,  and 


381 


KKSSKI, 


jilav  writer.  Works:  SI.  Luke,  Adoration 
of  thd  Lamb,  Passover  in  Figypt,  Antwerp 
Museum.  Cat.  du  Musee  d'Anvers  (1H7I), 
'2'25  ;  Kramiii,  iii.  H.r>(t  ;  (looses  (Itebcr),  i:t'.»  ; 
Van  dell  Mraiidcn,  I  Kill. 

KF.SSKU  FKKDINAND  VAN,  born  at 
Antwerp,  April  7,  KilH,  In. I  at  llrcda  in 
Ili'.Xi.  l'i.  mi  Ii  si-hool  ;  liiiidseape,  animal, 
mill  still  life  painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Jan 
Vllll  Kessel,  did  elder,  whose  slvld  he  fol- 
lowed, lie  also  undertook  to  paint  large 
historical  subjects,  as  the  I  till  tie  of  Choc 
/mi.  Ki7:t,  for  the  parish  church  at  /olkiew, 
(iahcii!,  l>v  order  of  King  John  Sol  lies);  i, 
who  look  this  arlisl  into  great  favour  . Mini 
lor  whose  Cabinet  he  painted  the  I'.iiir  I'.K 
iiients  mid  the  I ''our  Continents,  Mild  after 
both  perished  in  the  flames,  repeated  them 
on  a.  grander  scale.  lieft  Antwerp  before 
KiHK,  and  settled  ill  I'.n.li  win  n  In  painted 
for  King  \\'i Ilium  III.  Works  :  I'.irds  (minia 
lure).  Duke  of  Devonshire,  Clialsworth; 
(I roil p  of  Animals,  (ilienf  Miiseuin  ;  ('.-its' 

I'.  ,i  rber 


shop,  Mon 


Tliuret,  Antwerp  ;  Landscape,  Hague  Mu 
senm  ;  Itacclianale  in  a  fjandseajie,  Bruns- 
wick Museum  ;  (iitrland  with  Insects,  etc. 
(Ki.r>:t);  Rabbits  by  Vegetables,  etc.,  Augs- 
burg (lallery  ;  Fruilscller  in  his  Booth,  Co- 
penhagen (lallery  ;  Fruits  and  Lobsters,  etc. 
(1(151,  by  JeroomV),  Dresden  Museum  ;  Ma- 
donna in  a  Niche,  (lermanic  Museum,  Nu- 
remberg ;  America  (l(!(i(!),  lOurope  (!(!(!(), 
Africa,  Asia,  Schleissheim  (lallery;  Cats' 
IJarber-Hhop,  Monkeys  playing  at  Draughts, 
Schwerin  ( lallery  ;  Minis  and  small  Animals, 
Weapons,  Ketlle-druni,  etc.,  Stockholm  Mu- 
seum ;  Landscapes  ('2),  Stuttgart  Museum  ; 
I  Soar  Hunt,  Hear  and  Snake,  Landscape  with 
P.irds,  do.  wilh  Fo\  and  Stork,  Vienna  Mu- 
seum ;  (larland  around  Infant  Jesus  and  St. 
John  (ligures  by  Vllll  Tlllllilcn),  Madrid  Mu- 
seum ;  Fish,  Fish  and  Fruils,  do.  wilh  Three 
Infants.  Studio  of  a  Naturalist  (I(!(!0),  Fruits 
and  Vegetables  in  I'.askets,  I'lli/.i,  Florenee  ; 
l''rnits  and  Flo\\ers  ('2),  Naples  Miisdiim. 

Ch.    Mlimc, 

J.I/.    ' 


ing,  Vii'imn 
Museum. 

iiigerdi,    lielveilere  (!id.,   ii.    '2'20  ;    Kramm, 
iii.  S5I  ;    Van  den   Itranden,    I  101. 

KKSSKL.  JAN  \'.VN,  the  elder,  born  in 
Antwerp,  April 
5.  |(','2i;,  ,|,,,| 
I  h  c'  re.  April 
17.  I  C  7  !». 
I1'  I  i'  m  i  s  Ii 
school  ;  (lower, 
fruit,  .in.l  am 
mid  pa  ml.  i 
son  of  Jeroom 
v  a  n  K  essd  1, 
pupil  of  Simon 
de  VOH  and  of  Jan  Mrueghel,  the  younger; 
muster  of  the  guild  in  Kill.  Works:  (lar- 
land around  Holy  Family,  Louvre  ;  Fruit- 
piece  (H».ri:i),  Mordeanx  Museum;  Concert 
of  Minis,  Antwerp  Museum;  do.,  and  Fable 
of  Fox  and  Stork  (ICIil),  Marou  de  Pret- 


m  a  n  d  e  ; 

( 'at.  dn  Mus  d'Anvers  ( 1S74),  47(!  ;  Fngerlh, 
Mdlveddi-d  (lalerie,  ii.  '2'Jl  ;  Immer/eel,  ii. 
lo:t  ;  Kramm,  iii.  S5'J  ;  Itiegel,  Meitriigc,  ii. 
1-4  ;  b'ooses  (Itebcr),  42(i  ;  Van  den  Itran- 
den,  (O'.IS. 

KFSSKL.  JAN  VAN,  the  younger,  born 
in  Antwerp.  Nov.  'Jit,  |(!f>4,  died  in  Madrid 
in  1 70S  Flemish  school  ;  history  and  por- 
trait painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Jail  the  elder  ; 
went  to  Madrid  in  KiSO;  made  coin  I  painter 
to  Charles  II.,  IC.Sd.  Works:  Portrait  of 
Philip  l\'.,  Madrid  Museum  ;  History  of 
Psyche.  I jandscapes,  Alea/ar,  Madrid  ;  Two 
Dwarfs  with  Dog;,  liac/ynski  (lallery,  Mer- 
lin.- -Allgem.  d.  Miogr.,  xv.  (i.r>4  ;  Kramm. 
iii.  M'2  ;  Van  den  Itranden,  1104. 

KI'.SSFL,  JAN  VAN.  born  in  Amsterdam 
in  Kill  or  Kil-2,  died  there,  buried  Dec.  '24, 
Ki'.IO.  Dutch  school  ;  landscape  painter, 
who  in  feeling  and  clearness  of  colouring 
approaches  Jacob  Knisdael,  of  whom  some 
call  him  a  pupil.  Particularly  successful  in 
winter  landscapes  ;  painted  also  views  of 


KESSEL 

Amsterdam.     Works:    Northhrook   Collcc-  dorf  Academy  ;  settled  afterwards  in  Dllssel- 

tion,  London  ;  Forest,  Torrent,  Amsterdam  dorf.       Works  :    Morning    in    the    Woods 

Museum;    View   nc:ir    Haarlem,    Sluice   at  (lH4(i);   Evening  in   Kocky  Valley   (1847)  ; 

Haarlem,  Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Landscapes  Evening   landscape   in   the    lUin   (1H4H); 

in  Antwerp  and  Darmstadt  Museums,  Kuimt-  Summer    Landscape   (1K4!));   Approaching 

halle,  Hamburg,  Old    Piuakothek,   Munich  Storm  (IMS);  do.  (1N.V2);  Morning  in  I5a- 

(l(J(Jl);  View  of  Haarlem,   Casscl   Gallery;  varian  Alps  ( 1HI1U)  ;  View  near  Wallcnsee    - 

Canal  of  Haarlem,  New   York  Museum.  Switzerland  (ISiil  |  ;   Landscape  in  Bavarian 

Kugler  (Crowe),  ii.  480 ;  Iniruerzeel,  ii.  104  ;  High    Alps    flsc,-2) ;     Approaching    Storm 

Burger,  Musccs,  ii.  21H).  (1M1:();  \V 1   landscape  (lsi;r>);  On   I5ri- 

KESSEL,  JAN  THOMAS  VAN,  l.orn  at.  en/  Lake  ;  View  on  the  I'ppcr  Kulir;  lU-cch- 

Antwerp,  tSept.  10, 1677,  died  thcro  iu  1741.  Wood;    liavine  with    Kir-Trees;    View  on 

Flemish  school;  genre  painter,  nephew  and  (lelmcr  Lake  in  Switzerland  ;   View  on  I5cr- 

pupil  of  Ferdinand  van    Kessel,  having  first  nina  (ilacier  ;  Swiss  Landscape  (1K7  I)  ;  Ilin- 

been  apprenticed  with  Peter  Ykons;  adopted  tcrsec  in  '1'hunder  Storm   (ls7!i).     Miillei-, 

the   style  of  David  Teniers  ;  went  early  to  :i!l7  ;     Wolfg.    Mailer,    Da.sseldf.     K.,    .Till; 

Paris,  where  he  acquired  reputation  by  his  /citschr.  f.  Ii    K.  (Isil'.t).  (IHTlt). 
village   festivals,  but  on  succeeding  to  his        \\  KSSLKIi,  I''KAN/,  llourished  in  Cologiid 

uncle's  property   fell    into    dissipation,   and  about    l(!l.">   'J'.).      ( ierman    school;  portrait, 

died  in  want.     In  1704  ho  went  to  Antwerp  painter,    probably    pupil  of   (ieldorp;    \\as 

to  buy   his  mastership.      Works:    Accesso-  registered    in    the    Cologne    guild   in    K>l.">, 

ries  around  "  Soap-Hubbies  "  by    Teniers,  and  travelled  in  Ui'2()  'J  I       Works:   Portrait 

Ijouvre,     Paris;    (luard     Room,    Sense;    of  of  a  Man  with  Embroidered  Doublet  ( l(i'21); 

Smelling,   Jjille   Museum.  —  Van    den    J»ran-  Female   Portrait.  ( Ili'Jl  I,  Cologne   Museum; 

den,  IK).'!;  (la/.  <les  1J.  Arts  (lK7:t),  i.  HKi.  Portrait  of  .Kgidius  (ielenius  (IC-JS)  ;  Male 

KESSKL,  .1KKOOM  VAN,  born  at,  Ant-  Portrait,  National  (lallery,   Pesth  ;  Portrait 

werp,  baptized  Oct.  (i,  1578,  died  after  l(i:)G.  of  a  Man  with   Long   Heard   ( IC-J'.)),  Mcil«> 

Portrait,  animal,  and  still-life  painter,  pupil  Collection,  Cologne.  -  Allgem.  d.  l>iogr.,  \v. 

of    Cornells     Floris  ;     worked    from    about  (>.">.")  ;   Merlo,  'Jii7. 

1600  in  different  cities  of  Genuany  (Frank-       KKTHL,    COIINKLIS,    born    at    (louda. 

fort,    Augsburg,    Stra.ssburg),    and    was   in  March    15,    1.71H,    died 

f^reat  favor  with  the  Archduke  Maximilian  at    Amsterdam,    buried 

of  Austria,  who  employed  him  several  years  ;  Aug.    H,     Kill!.      Dutch 

registered  as  master    in  Cologne  in   1(!15,  school;  portrait    paint- 

and  still  worked  there  in   1(120  ;  master  of  er,   pupil    of    Anthonie 

the  guild  at  Antwerp:  in  U'i'2'2.      He  supplied  van  Monlfoorl  in  I)elft, 

birds  and  animals  in  the  landscapes  of  .(an  thence    went    to    Paris 

(Velvet)  Brueghel,  and  married  his  daughter,  and  Fon  tai  neb  lean. 

Works:  Male  Portrait  (11)20),  Merlo  Collec-  Having   returned  to 

tion,    Cologne  ;   Fruits    with   Lobster,   etc.  (Joiida  he  went  to  LOII- 

(lli:{4  or  1(»54,  attributed  to  Jan,  the  elder),  don    in    157I5,    painted 

Dresden    .Museum  ;  Family  Group    (K!i:t),  Queen  Eli/Jibeth  (1578),  various  personages 

Germanic  Museum,  Nuremlierg  ;  Male  and  of  her  court,  and  an  allegory.     After  his  rc- 

Female  Portrait  (K!1H),  Schleisuheim  (lal-  turn  to  Amsterdam  in    15K1,  lie  executed 

lery. — Allgem.   d.  Biogr.,   xv.    (i5.'<  ;   Merlo,  several  archery   pieces  which  were   distin- 

Nachrichten,  237  ;  Van  den  Branden,  1007.  guished  for  their  tasteful  arrangement,  like- 

KESSLEH,  AUGUST,  born  at  Tilsit  in  ness  of  the  heads,  and  fine  and  jxwcrful 

1826.     Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  DUssel-  colouring.      Works  :    1'ortraits   of   Burgo- 


KETTLEN 


master  Jacob  Bus  and  Wife,  Museum,  Am- 
sterdam ;  Twelve  Archers  with  their  Cap- 
tain (1588),  City  Hull,  ib.— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.. 
xv.  GG4  ;  Immerzeel,  ii.  105  ;  Kramm,  iii. 
85G  ;  Nagler,  Mou.,  ii.  102. 

KEULEN.     See  C'euli'x. 

KEY,  ADRIAAN  THOMASZ,  flourished 
in  Antwerp  in  1544-90.  Flemish  school  ; 
history  and  portrait  painter,  nephew  of  Wil- 
leiu  Key,  pupil  of  Jan  Hack  ;  master  of  Ant- 
werp guild  in  15G8.  Works  :  Two  altar- 
wings  with  Last  Supper,  and  portrait  of  Do- 
nors (1575),  Museum,  Antwerp  ;  Female 
Portrait,  Van  Lerius  Collection,  ib. ;  Male 
do.  (1G72),  Vienna  Museum. — Eugerth,  Bel- 
vedere Gill.,  ii.  222  ;  Immerzeel,  ii.  10G  ; 
Kramm,  iii.  859  ;  Nagler,  Mon.,i.  357  ;  Rie- 
gel,  Beitriige,  i.  28  ;  ii.  25  ;  llooses  (Rebel1), 
110  ;  Van  den  Branden,  271. 

KEY,  WILLEM,  born  at  Breda  about 
1520,  died  at  Antwerp,  June  5, 1508.  Flem- 
ish school  ;  history  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Lambert  Lombard  at  Liege  ;  went 
to  Antwerp,  where  he  became  master  of  the 
guild  in  1542,  and  dean  of  the  academy  in 
1552.  He  was  the  first  portrait  painter  of 
prominence  at  Antwerp  after  Quinten  Mas- 
sys  and  Joos  van  Cleve,  and  was  called  to 
Brussels  to  paint  Cardinal  Granvella  and 
the  Duke  of  Alva  ;  while  painting  the  latter's 
portrait  he  accidentally  overheard  a  conver- 
sation regarding  the  death  sentence  of  Count 
Egmont,  from  which  his  nerves  received 
such  a  shock  that  he  died  on  the  day  of 
Egmont's  execution.  Works  :  Entombment, 
Six  Collection,  Amsterdam  ;  Elderly  Man's 
Portrait,  A  Knight  of  Malta,  Portrait  of  Gil- 
lis  Mostaert,  Vienna  Museum  ;  Male  Por- 
trait, Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg. — Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  xv.  G92 ;  Eugerth,  Belvedere, 
Gal.,  ii.  224;  Van  den  Brandon,  2G7. 

KEYSER,  NICAISE  DE,  born  at  Sand- 
vliet,  near  Antwerp,  Aug.  26,  1813.  His- 
tory and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Joseph  Ja- 
cops  (born  in  1803),  and  of  Antwerp  Acad- 
emy under  M.  J.  van  Bree  ;  completed  his 
studies  in  travels  through  Italy,  France,  Ger- 
many, and  England;  painted  at  first  biblical 


subjects,  then  acquired  reputation  with  bat- 
tle-pieces, and  finally  took  up  historical 
genre.  Medals :  Great 
Gold  Medal,  Brussels, 
183G;  Paris,  2d  class, 
1840,  and  medals  at  al- 
most all  exhibitions  in 
Belgium  and  Holland  ; 
Order  of  Leopold,  1839; 
Officer,  1855  ;  Bavarian 
Order  of  St.  Michael, 
1851  ;  Order  of  Lion, 
1844  ;  Commander  of 
Order  of  Oaken  Crown,  1857  ;  Swedish  Or- 
der of  the  Polar  Star  ;  Wiirtemberg  Crown 
Order ;  L.  of  Honour,  18G2.  Member  of 
Brussels  (1845)  and  several  other  acade- 
mies. Having  settled  at  The  Hague  after 
1845,  he  successfully  represented  the  Na- 
tional Dutch  art-faction  in  opposition  to 
Baron  Wappcrs,  Director  of  the  Antwerp 
Academy,  whom  he  succeeded  in  that  posi- 
tion in  1855.  Works  :  Filial  Love  (1833) ; 
Crucifixion  (1834);  St.  Dominick  receiving 
the  Rosary  (1835)  ;  Battle  of  the  Golden 
Spurs  in  1302  (183G),  Courtray  Museum  ; 
The  Holy  Women  at  Christ's  Tomb  (183G)  ; 
Battle  of  Woeringen  in  1288  (1839),  Brus- 
sels Museum  ;  Roman  Pifferari  at  Siesta 
(1840),  Kuusthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Monk  sitting 
at  Alms  Box  in  a  Cloister  (1841),  New  Pina- 
kothek,  Munich  ;  Pieta,  Return  from  Ma- 
[  donna  Festival  near  Naples,  Hans  Memling 
in  St.  John's  Hospital  at  Bruges  (1841);  The 
Antiquary  (after  Walter  Scott);  The  Smith 
of  Naarden  ;  Italian  Robber  in  Prison  pre- 
paring for  Death  ;  Battle  of  Nieuport  (1844), 
Battle  of  Seneffe,  King  of  Holland  ;  Peter 
of  Amiens  preaching  the  First  Crusade  in 
:1093  (1845);  The  Giaour,  Death  of  Maria 
de  Madid  (1845),  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ; 
Rubens  painting  the  Chapeau  de  Paille 
(1847),  Margaret  of  Austria  and  Maria  of 
Burgundy  visiting  Memling  at  Bruges, 
Royal  Palace,  ib. ;  Daughter  of  Jairus,  East 
'and  West,  King  of  Wurtemberg;  Episode 
in  Massacre  of  the  Innocents  (1855),  Ghent 
Museum  ;  Elizabeth  of  Hungary  distributing 


384 


KEY8ER 

Alms,  The  Giaour,   Murino  Falieri,  Milton  Daughter  (1<!28),   Portrait   of   Cornells  do 

dictating  Paradise  Lost,  Dante  at  the  Con-  Graef,  do.  of  Catiiritia  Hooft,  Berlin  Muse- 

vent-gate,  Last  Moments  of  Karl  Maria  von  uin  ;  Portrait  of  Man  and  Wife,  Copenhagen 

Weber  (last  three,  1858),  King  of  Belgium ;  Gallery  ;  Mali;  and  Female  Portrait  (1<>47), 

Francis  L  visiting  Benvenuto  Cellini's  Work-  Darmstadt    Museum;     Two    Cavaliers    on 

shop,  Museum  Fodor,  Amsterdam  ;  Albert  Horseback,     Dresden     Museum  ;      Family 

and  Isabella   attending  Lecture  by  Justus  Group    in    a   Landscape,  Gotha    Museum; 

Lipsius  at  Louvain,  Baron  van  Heeckeren,  Young    Man's    Portrait,    Kunsthalle,    Hain- 

The  Hague  ;  Columbus  with  his  Sun  leav-  burg  ;  Clerk  explaining  Accounts  to  Lady 

ing  Barcelona  ;  Tasso  in  Prison;  Dante  in  (I  (!•">(  i).  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich;  Married 

the  Studio  of  Giotto;  Invention  of  Plastic  Couple  in  a  Park,  Scliwerin  Gallery;  Male 

Arts;    Charlemagne    weeping    at    Sight    of  Portrait,    Oldenburg   Gallery;    do.    (I'lIi'J), 

Norman  Ships  ;  Entombment  (18GO) ;  Cari-  Hermitage,  St.  .     T 

tas  ;  Charles  V.  after  Taking  of  Tunis  deliv-  Petersburg;  do.,  *    I     '         I  T 

eriug    Christian     Slaves,    Lady's     1'ortrait  Liechtenstein        R)  r\)          f^V 

(18(12),  Antwerp  Museum  ;  Portraits  of  King  Gallery.    Vienna.        ^0  •     ***  •    &  » 
Leopold  I.  and  (,)ucen  Louise,  Senate  Cham-       -Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xv.  (j'Jl  ;  L'Art  (1>S77|, 

ber,  Brussels  ;  Fresco,  Development  of  Art  ii.    77;     l.urger,    Musees,   i.    '2'-\\  ;    Immer- 

in  Brabant  (1864-66),   Vestibule,    Antwerp  /eel,    ii.     1(17  ;     Kranmi,    iii.    hd!l  ;     Kugler 

Museum.  —  Art  Journal  (1866),   5  ;  Immer-  (Crowe),  ii.  Ii57:  Nagler,  Mon.,  v.  125  ;  Uie- 

zeel,    ii.    108;  .Journal    des   15.    Arts   (1.SC5),  gel,  P,citrage,  i.   146,   152;   Stuers,  (II. 
11!);  (1872),    171,    P.)l  ;   Kranmi,    iii.   8(15;        KICK,    JAN,    llourished   about    1610-50. 

vii.   94;  Larousse,   ix.    IP.tS;  Messager  iles  Dutch    school;     genre     painter,     probably 

sciences,  etc.  (18:57),  i. ;  Kiegel,  Wandmal-  formed  under  the  influence  of  Dirk  Hals  and 

erei,  71!  ;  Soust,  LY-cole  d'Anvers  en  lS.~>,s,  Jacob  Duck.     Was  perhaps  the  father  of  the 

28  ;  Vlaamsche  school  (l.S.jo),   I'.l,  58.  Mower  painter  Cornells  Kick  of  Amsterdam 
KEYSEU,  THOMAS  DK,  born  in  Amster-(li;:!.V  75).     Works:   Soldiers    resting    in  a 

dam   in    15',)(!   or   1597,   died   there,   buried  Stable  (l(i  IS),  Berlin  Museum  ;  Similar  Snb- 

Nov.    It),    1()7D.       Dutch    school,     history,  ject.  Wilhelm  (lUinprecht,  Berlin ;  Soldiers 

genre,  and  portrait  pointer  ;  his  small  pict-  at   Cards   in  a  Barn  (V  attributed  to  Jan  In 

ures  are  very  characteristic,  but  the  large  Duccj), National  Gallery,  Edinburgh  ;  Young 

ones  less  original.     His  portraits,  which  are  OMicer  in  a  Landscape,  Peter  von  SemenotV, 

truthful,  and   of  warm  clear  colouring,  ap-  St.  Petersburg;   lleturn  from  Falcon  Cha^i 

pear  to  have  inlluenced  Eemlirandt  when  (attributed  to  Van  der  Heist),  Count  Moltke, 

the    latter   came    to   Amsterdam    in    !(!.'{ 1.  Copenhagen;  Travellers  attacked   by   Ban- 


Works  :  Merchant  and  Clerk  (1(527),  National 
Gallery,  London  ;  Male  Portrait  (Ki:U),  Ver- 


dits,  Mrs.  Hope,  London. — Bode,  Studien, 
15:5. 


sallies  Museum;  Female  Portraits  (2),  Brns- 1      KIEDERICH,    PAl'L   JOSEF,    born    in 

sels  Museum  ;  Family  Group,  Admiral  Hein,  Cologne,  Sept.  15,  18011,  died  in  Diisseldorf, 

do.  and  Family,  Pieter  Schout  (1666),  Mar-  April  4,  1850.     History  and  portrait  painter, 

ten  Key  and  Wife  (16'27),  Museum,  Amster-  pupil  at  Cologne  of  Kunt/  and  DeNoi'l,  and 

dam  ;  Anatomy  Lesson  (101!)),  Members  of  of  the   Diisseldorf   Academy    (18!!2).      His 

Civic  Guard  (1M3),  Theseus  and  Ariadne,  peculiar,  chronicler-like  style  gives  his  works 

City  Hall,  ib.;  Portrait  of  Claes  Fabricius  no  little  interest.     Works:  Charles  V.  at  San 

(1629),   Haarlem    Museum;    Portrait   of  a  Yuste  (18:55);  Death  of  Jean  de  Lavalette 

Magistrate  (1631),   Four   Burgomasters  of  (1840),  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Emperor 

Amsterdam  (1638),  Hague  Museum  ;  Fain-  Frederick  II.   and   Peter  de  Vim-is  (1844); 

ily  Group,  Old  Man  and  Sou,  Old  Lady  and  Portraits  of  Henry  V.  (Frankfort),  Philip  the 

SM 


KIELMANN 


Good,  Charles  the  Bold,  Emperor  Maximil- 
ian, and  Charles  V. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xv. 
712  ;  Mcrlo,  238  ;  Wolfg.,  Midler,  Diisseldf. 
K.,  149  ;  Wiegmaun,  217. 

KIELMANN,  ANDREAS,  born  at  Wis- 
mar,  Mecklenburg',  in  1825.  Genre  painter, 
.studied  1845-47  in  Berlin,  then  in  Paris, 
Brussels,  Antwerp,  and  other  cities,  and  set- 
tled in  Scbwerin  in  I860.  Works  :  Dinner 
during  Harvest  (1801),  Prussian  Soldier 
quartered  in  French  Peasant's  Cottage 
(1871),  Schweriu  Gallery. — Schlie,  37. 

KIERINGS.     See  Kcirinc.i; 

IOERS,  PETKUS,  born  at  Giwncveld, 
Drenthe,  Jan.  5,  1807.  Genre  painter,  pu- 
pil in  Amsterdam  of  Douwc  dc  Hoop.  Mem- 
ber of  Amsterdam  Academy  in  185G.  Works : 
Washerwoman  (1840);  Lady  coming  from  her 
Room  by  Candlelight  (1840);  Reading  of  Bi- 
ble ;  Letter- Writer  ;  Interior  of  Dutch 
J  louse  (1855).  His  son,  George  Lauren/ 
(born  Jan.  2(i,  18:58),  is  a  good  marine  paint- 
er.— Immerzeel,  ii.  110  ;  Kramin,  iii.  872. 

KIESEL,  KONRAD,  born  in  Diisseldorf, 
Nov.  29,  1840.  Genre  painter,  pupil  m  Ber- 
lin of  Paulson,  then  in  Diisseldorf  of  Wil- 
helm  Holm.  Works  :  Mother  and  Child  ; 
Italian  Woman  ;  Still  Life  ;  In  the  Library  ; 
On  the  Balcony  ;  Birthday  Morning  (1878); 
Lady  with  Pigeons  ;  Studio  ;  Young  Mother  ; 
Welcome  News  ;  Visit  at  the  Studio  (1884). 
—Miiller,  298  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xxi.  495  ; 
Illustr.  Zcitg.  (1879),  ii.  71,  391  ;  (1882),  i. 
31,  30  ;  (1883),  i.  03  ;  ii.  209,495  ;  La  Ilus- 
tracion  (1880),  i.  99  ;  ii.  187  ;  Xeitschr.  f.  b. 
K.,  xx.  42. 

KIESSLIXG,  PAUL,  born  in  Breslau, 
Jan.  8,  1830.  History  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  Dresden  Academy  under  Julius 
Schnorr  ;  von  in  1850  the  first  prize,  then 
studied  for  three  years  in  Italy  and  was  in- 
fluenced by  Passini ;  spent  one  year  in  Ant- 
werp and  returned  via  Paris  to  Borne. 
Works :  Ulysses  recognized  by  Eurycleia 
(1855);  Venus  and  Adonis  ;  Rape  of  Hylas  ; 
Rape  of  Europa  ;  Maiden  from  Afar  ;  Dithy- 
rambus  ;  Triumph  of  Love  ;  Bottger  in  Iris 
Laboratory,  Augustus  the  Strong  visiting 


Bottger,  Albrechtsburg,  Meissen ;  Three 
Sisters  (1875),  Girl's  Head  (1880),  Dresden 
Museum.— Miiller,  298. 

KIETZ,  ERNST  BENEDIKT,  born  in 
Leipsic  in  1815.  Portrait  painter,  pupil  in 
I'aris  of  Delaroche,  whose  portrait  he  paint- 
ed ;  in  1853  visited  Malta,  Constantinople, 
Athens,  and  Rome,  then  lived  in  Paris  until 
1870,  when  he  removed  to  Dresden. 
Works  :  Portrait  of  Richard  Wagner  (1844), 
Mignet,  Isabey,  Johanna  Wagner,  Madame 
Viardot-Garcia,  Heinrich  Heine,  Tiedge, 
Oehlenschliiger,  Frederick Kiicken. — Miiller, 
299. 

KINDERMANN,  DOMINIK,  born  at 
Schluckenau,  Bohemia,  in  1740,  died  in 
Srhr.ulinde,  June  9,  1817.  History  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna  Academy  ; 
went  in  1709  to  Rome,  where  he  studied 
for  six  years  after  Raphael  and  the  Carracci, 
under  Mengs.  In  Naples  he  studied  the  art 
treasures  of  Pompeii,  returned  to  Vienna  in 
1777  to  paint  portraits  and  altarpieces  for 
churches,  and  in  1803  settled  in  Schonlinde. 
Works :  Magdalen  ;  Christ  and  the  Phari- 
sees ;  St.  John  of  Nepomuk  ;  yEueasand  the 
Sibyl  crossing  the  Styx,  Prague  Gallery  ; 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Lawrence ;  Birth  of 
Christ ;  Death  of  St.  Joseph  ;  Decapitation 
of  St.  James  ;  Martyrdom  of  Apostles  Simon 
and  Judas  Thaddeus  ;  Emperor  Leopold  II. 
(1792),  Strahow  Abbey,  Prague. — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xv.  750  ;  Dlabacz,  ii.  58  ;  Wurzbach, 
xi.  200. 

KIXDLER,  ALBERT,  born  in  Allensbach, 
near  Constance,  in  1833,  died  in  Merau,  Ty- 
!  rol,  April  4,  1870.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of 
the  Munich  Academy,  then  from  1856  of 
Rudolph  Jordan  in  Diisseldorf.  Acquired 
well-deserved  fame  after  1859,  when  his  first 
large  composition  attracted  much  attention. 
Works  :  Young  Girl  reading  to  her  blind 
Grandfather,  Publication  of  New  Decree, 
Provinzial  Museum,  Hanover  ;  Expectation, 
Stettin  Museum  ;  Bridal  Procession  on  the 
Rhine  (1859);  Brautexamen  ;  Meeting  of 
Common  Council ;  Tourists  ;  Poaching ; 
Village  Theatre ;  Tourists  and  Guides ; 


386 


KINDT 


Opening  of  the  Dance  (18G8).  Unsuccessful 
Water  Excursion  ;  Rafts  on  the  Inn  ;  Alpine 
Hunteraml  his  Sweetheart ;  Fandango  ;  Am- 
bush.— Allgem.  (1.  Biogr.,  xv.  7(!8  ;  Blanck- 
arts,  10G  ;  Ktinst-Chronik,  xi.  41)8  ;  Mover, 
Conv.  Lex,,  xvii.  494. 

KINDT,  ADELE,  born  in  Brussels  in 
180;").  History  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Sophie  Frcmiet,  then  of  Nave/  ;  won  the 
first  prize  of  the  Ghent  Academy  when 
scarcely  twenty-two,  then  received  medals  in 
Douai  (1827,  1831),  Cambray  (1828,  1S34, 
1838),  Ghent  (18:}")),  and  Brussels  (183(5); 
member  of  Brussels  (1827),  Ghent  (ls:!.~», 
and  Lisbon  Academies.  Works:  Last  Mo- 
ments of  Egmont,  Ghent  Museum  ;  Melanc- 
thon  predicting  Prince  Willem's  Future, 
Eli/abetli  sentencing  Mary  Stuart,  Hague 
Museum;  Madonna;  Obstinate  Scholar: 
Flower  Girl;  Happier  than  a  King. — 1). 
Kunstbl.  (1850),  2(53  ;  Immer/.eel,  ii.  Ill; 
Kramm,  iii.  S71  ;  Miiller,  29',). 

KINGS,  ADORATION*  OF.     See  .If,,,,!. 

KINSON  (Kinsoen),  FRANCISCTS  JO- 
SEPHl'S,  born  at  Bruges  in  1771,  died  there 
in  is:!'.).  History  and  portrait  painter,  pu- 
pil of  Bruges  Academy,  where  he  won  sev- 
eral prizes  and  a  gold  medal  ;  after  painting 
portraits  at  Bruges,  Ghent,  and  Brussels, 
went  to  Paris,  where  he  acquired  reputation, 
was  naturalized,  and  in  1800 appointed  chief 
painter  to  Jerome  Bonaparte,  King  of  West- 
phalia. After  the  fall  of  the  empire  he  re- 
turned to  Paris  and  in  1S17  became  painter 
to  the  Duke  of  Angoulcme.  Medal,  bsos  : 
L.  of  Honour.  Works  :  Belisarius  at  the 
Death  of  his  Wife  Antonina  (1S17),  Bruges 
Academy  ;  Portrait  of  Duke  of  Angouleine 
(1810),  Bordeaux  Museum  ;  Portraits  of 
General  Leclerc,  of  Bernadottc,  King  Je- 
rome, and  Duke  of  Angouleine,  Versailles 
Museum. — Bellier,  i.  854  ;  Cotta's  Kunstbl. 
(1839),  404  ;  Imincrzccl,  ii.  113. 

KIORBOE,  CARL  FREDRIK,  born  at 
Kristiansfeld,  Schleswig,  in  1800,  died  at  Di- 
jon, France,  Jan.,  187(5.  Animal  painter. 
Member  of  Stockholm  Academy  in  185S  ; 
court  painter.  Medals:  Paris,  3d  class,  1844  ; 


2d  class,  1840  ;  L.  of  Honour,  1SGO  ;  orders  of 
Wasa  and  Olaf.  Works:  Dogs  from  Tar- 
tary,  Foxes  watching  for  Prey,  Foxes  de- 
vouring their  Booty  (1870),  Charles  XV.  on 
Horseback,  Stockholm  Museum  ;  Mutual 
Surprise  (1874);  Inundation  ;  Jumping  Fox; 
Pony  and  Dog  in  a  Stable,  Ravenc  Gallery, 
Berlin.— Art  Journal  (1*7(5),  10(5  ;  Bellier, 
i.  S55  ;  Tailor. 

KIPUENSKY,  OREST,  born  at  Koporie, 
Government  of  Petersburg,  in  1783,  died  in 
Rome  in  ls:><>.  Portrait  painter,  real  name 
Schwalbe  ;  pupil  of  St.  Petersburg  Academy, 
then  spent  some  time  in  France  and  Italy, 
and  revisited  those  countries  in  IS'JS.  Is 
called  the  Russian  Van  Dyck.  Works  :  I'nr- 
traits  of  his  Father,  Adam  Schwalbe,  of 
Thorwaldscn,  of  a  Young  Gardener,  Her- 
mitage, St.  Petersburg.-  Cotta's  Kimstl'l. 
(lH3(i),  43<i  :  \Vaagen,  Eremitage,  315. 

KIRMKRG.  OTTO,  born  at  Kiherfeld, 
Mav  I'i,  bs50.  Genre  painter,  pupil  <>f 
Diisseldorf  Academy  in  lSli',1,  continued 
after  the  war  of  1*70  71,  from  which  he  re- 
turned wounded,  under  Willielm  Sohn  until 
IS"'.)  ;  visited  Holland,  and  has  since  taken 
Ins  subjects  from  life  of  Dutch  fishermen. 
Gold  medal,  Berlin,  1N7!>.  Works:  Victim 
of  the  Sea  (1S7D),  National  Gallery.  I'.erlin  ; 
Anxious  Hours  (ISS(I)  ;  Dutch  Kirmess 
(1SS3);  Dutch  Lovers  (1884).  —  Meyer, 
Conv.  Lex.,  xxi.  4'.t'.l  ;  Kunst-Chronik.  \\iii. 
102. 

KIRCHNER,  (AL11ERT)  EMIL.  born  in 
Lei])sic,  May  12,  1S13,  died  in  Munich,  June 
I.  lss5.  Architecture  and  landscape  paint- 
er,  pupil  of  Leipsic  Academy,  then  in  Dres- 
den of  Dahl  and  Friedricli,  and  finally  sfud- 
ieil  in  Munich,  whither  ho  returned  in  1831 
with  Genelli.  Works:  Bear-Pit  (1S40). 
Kunsthalle,  Hamburg;  Tomb  of  Counts  of 
Castelbanco  in  Verona  (1845),  View  in  Ve- 
rona (1851),  Three  Views  in  Heidelberg 
Castle  (1852  51),  Courtyard  of  Palace  in 
Venice  (1S5S),  New  Pinakothck,  Munich; 
View  of  Verona,  Piax./etta  in  Venice,  Schack 
Gallery,  ib. ;  Lichtenberg  Castle  in  Adigo 
Valley,  Pompeii  (1800);  Cathedral  at  Worms. 


387 


KIRMESS 


Saint  Gall  Museum  ;  View  of  Genoa,  Stutt- 
gart Museum  ;  Trent  Cathedral  (1801);  Con- 
vent Yard  on  the  Rhine  (1803) ;  Foutana  di 
Ferro  in  San  Giovanni,  Verona  (1809);  View 
in  Benedictine  Abbey  ;  Choir  in  Worms  Ca-  ', 
thedral ;  Entrance  to  Cloister  Maulbronn  ; 
San  Lorenzo  in  Trieste  ;  Montano  and  Arco 
in  South  Tyrol  (1873),  Leipsic  Museum  ; 
View  in  Brescia. — Kunst-Chronik,  xx.  010  ; 
Miillcr,  200  ;  Rogue t,  i.  200  ;  Schack,  Meine 
Gemiildesammlung  (1884),  230. 

KIRMESS  (Village  Fete),  Jlttbcnt,  Louvre, 
Paris ;  canvas,  H.  -4  ft.   10  in.  xS  ft.  0  in. 


emy.  Painted  at  first  religious  pictures. 
Lived  in  Rome  in  1832-37,  and  again  in 
1840,  court-painter  in  Carlsruhe  in  1842-44, 
then  at  Munich  until  1804,  when  he  returned 
to  Furtwaugen.  Works :  Nasenwirth  ;  Raph- 
ael and  Michelangelo  (1833);  Improvisatore, 
Workmen  in  Campo  Vacciuo ;  Schweizer 
Gardist  (1831),  Italian  Woman  at  Cradle 
(1835),  Carlsruhe  Gallery ;  Improvisatore 
(1830),  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Pilgrim  Rest- 
ing, Old  Italian  with  Dog,  Mannheim  Gal- 
lery ;  Shepherds  in  Sabine  Mountains,  Ave 
Maria,  Suabiau  Watchman,  Camalduleusian 


m*  5        r,.,,.,^,,     .  f          M      Lj&Ufr 

^^       **&#<&»?**  ~s^i    :^_. 


Kirmess,   Rubens,   Louvre,   Pans. 


At  left,  rustic  houses  and  trees,  and  a  table 
with  groups  of  drinkers  and  women  taking 
care  of  children  ;  in  centre,  a  musician  play- 
ing and  a  great  round  of  dancers  ;  at  right,  a 
barrel  and  various  utensils,  ducks  in  a  pond, 
and  a  dog  ;  in  background,  a  landscape  with 
hills.  Engraved  by  Fessard  ;  Dupn'el  in 
Musi'e  fran<;ais.—  Ri'veil,  vi.  420  ;  Laroussc 
ix.  1103. 

KIRNER,  JOHANN  BAPTIST,  born  at 
Furtwangen,  Baden,  June  24,  1800,  died 
there,  Nov.  19,  1800.  Genre  painter,  pupil 
in  Augsburg  under  Zimmermann  and  Ru- 
gendas  in  1822-24,  then  of  Munich  Acad- 


Monks  (1839)  ;  Hunting  Scene ;  Sunday 
Morning  in  Black  Forest,  Return  from 
Agricultural  Feast  (1841),  Guardia  Civica, 
Cobbler  with  Child,  Carlsruhe  Gallery ; 
Maternal  Joy,  Country  Physician,  Fortune- 
Teller  (1847),  Badenese  Insurgents  in  Flight 
(1849),  New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Episode 
from  Hebel's  Poem  :  Statthalter  von  Schopf- 
heim,  Fiirstenberg  Gallery,  Donaueschin- 
gcn ;  Suabian  Civic  Guard  in  1848  (1840), 
Leipsic  Museum. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvi. 
20  ;  Dioskuren  (1807),  48  ;  D.  Kunstbl. 
(1858),  121 ;  Kuust-Chronik,  ii.  45  ;  Reg- 
net,  i.  200. 


KISS 


KISS,  THROWING  A  (Baiser  Envoy.'), 
Jean  Baptiste  Greuze,  Alfred  de  Rothschild 
Collection,  London.  A  lady,  seen  half- 
length,  at  a  window  hung  with  curtains, 
throwing  a  kiss  with  her  right  hand  ;  her 
left  holds  a  paper  lying  on  the  window-sill. 
One  of  the  painter's  best  works. — Art  Jour- 
nal (1885),  217. 

KLEIN,  JOHANN  ADAM,  born  in  Nu- 
remberg, Nov.  24,  1792,  died  in  Munich, 
May  21,  1875.  Genre,  landscape,  and  ani- 


w     •  \ 

• 

\v -K/v-v  •    , 

i 

"  ,\         •  -/  /      /\ 
•    .    <,,.,*    \        f\ 


Throwing   a  Kiss,   Jean    Baptiste    Greuze,   Alfred    de    Rothschild. 
London. 

mal  painter,  studied  first  in  Nuremberg 
under  J.  Caspar  van  Bominel  and  A.  Gabler, 
then  from  1811  at  the  Vienna  Academy  ; 
after  living  in  Frankfort,  Vienna,  Rome, 
Naples,  and  Nuremberg,  settled  in  Munich 
in  18157.  His  compositions  are  full  of  life 
and  variety.  Member  of  Munich  Academy 
.in  1807.  Works  :  On  the  Danube  ;  Market 
iScene  ;  Berchtesgaden  ;  Halt  before  an  Inn  : 
Span  of  Oxen  in  Campagna  (1821),  Gotha 
Museum  ;  Hungarian  Carters  (1828),  Wal- 
lachian  Freight- Wagon  (182!)),  Animal- 
Tamers  before  Tavern  (1830),  National  Gal- 
lery, Berlin  ;  (1821),  Gotha  Museum  ;  Field 
Smithy,  View  on  Bridge  of  Salara  near  Home 
(1821),  Schleissheim  Gallery  ;  View  on  the 


Tiber  near  Rome  (1822),  New  Pinakothek, 
Munich  ;  Russian  Freight-wagon  and  Cos- 
sacks, Hunting  Dog  (1823),  Wall  Ruins, 
Freight-wagon  witli  Seven  Horses  (1850), 
Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg;  Wallachian 
Carters  Resting  on  the  Danube  (1834-38), 
Ki'inigsberg  Museum  ;  ^^  __^ 
Gypsy  Camp  (lK5(i),  L  /ff  f 
Kunsthalle,  Hamburg.—  CC/J\  .  fa  /  17 
All-cm.  ,1.  Biogr.,  xvi.  ^^  VtCf/(' 
05;  Dioskuren  (18C.2),  103;  Illustr.  /.eitg. 
( 1*75).  i.  471  ;  Jordan  (1HS5),  ii.  117  ;  Kunst- 
Chronik,  xi.  270  ;  liegnet.  i.  2S7. 

KLEIN,  JOHAXX  (EVANGELIST),  born 
in  Vienna  in  ]H2:i.  Fresco  painter,  pupil 
of  Vienna  Academy  under  Fiihrich.  Went 
for  a  short  time  to  Venice,  and  then  stud- 
ied Byzantine  and  medieval  wall-paintings 
in  monasteries  and  churches  in  the  Buko- 
wina,  in  Carinthia,  Soest,  Brunswick,  Cra- 
cow, and  in  and  near  Vienna.  Member  of, 
and  professor  at.  Vienna  Academy.  Works  : 
Wall-Paintings  in  Episcopal  Chapel  at  C/er- 
nowitz  and  in  St.  Mary's  on  Capitol  at  Co- 
logne; (ilass  Paintings  in  St.  Antonio's, 
Padua,  in  St.  Stephen's,  Vienna,  in  Kcmp- 
ten  and  Klten  on  the  Rhine,  in  Miinster, 
IJochold  and  Lddinglmuscn,  Westphalia;  in 
Cathedral  at  Lin/,  in  Nancy,  in  Hungary, 
etc.  Miiller,  200;  Wur/.bach,  xii.  51). 

KLEIN,  WILHKLM.  born  in  Diisseldorf 
in  1S21.  Landscape  painter,  jmpil  of  Diis- 
seldorf Academy  under  Scliirmer  ;  j>erfected 
himself  on  journeys  through  various  parts 
of  Germanv,  in  Tvrol.  Switzerland,  North 
Italy,  Belgium,  and  Holland.  Works  :  Wood 
I  .landscape  (18  It);  Mountainous  Landscape 
( 1S45),  Brunswick  Art  Union  ;  Winter  Land- 
scape, Provinxial  Museum,  Hanover  ;  Rocky 
Valley  (1852),  Diisseldorf  Art  I'nion  ;  Forest 
Brook  (1853),  Kimigsberg  Art  I'nion  ;  Kind's 
Oak  near  Arnsberg,  Inn  Valley  (1855);  Road 
to  Village,  Cologne  Art  I'nion  ;  Carters'  Tav- 
ern (1858),  Berlin  Art  Union  ;  Lake  Garda 
(1858);  Inn  Valley  (1850);  View  in  the  En- 
gadin  (18(i3);  Sea-Coast,  Liege  Art  Union; 
Winter  in  Tyrol  (1KI15),  Jircmcn  Art  Union  ; 
Weinburg  (18(i8);  Luke  Hechtsee  in  Bavaria; 


38« 


KLENGEL 

Landscape  after  Rain.  — Wolfg.  Miiller,  Diis-  Reaumur;   Russian  Autumn;   Twilight  by 

seldorfer  K.,  359.  the  Sea  ;    Calm  ;    Esthonian  Mill ;    Isle  of 

KLENGEL,  JOHANN  CHRISTIAN,  born  NargO  near  Revel  ;  Deserted  Park  in  Livo- 

at  Kesselsdorf  near  Dresden,  May  5,  1751,  j  nia ;  Russian  Forest  in  Winter ;  Still  Life 

died  at  Dresden,  Dec.  19,  1824.     Genre  and  in    the   Woods  ;    Wilted    Leaves. — Meyer, 

landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Dresden  Acad-  Conv.  Lex.,  xxi.  502. 

emy  under  Dietrich,  then  studied  in  Italy !  KLEYN,  LORENZ  LUDWIG,  born  at 
(1790-92),  and  was  for  many  years  at  the  Demarara,  British  Guiana,  in  1820.  Histo- 
head  of  the  Dresden  landscape  painters  ;  ry  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Antwerp 
especially  successful  in  giving  morning  and  Academy  and  student  of  the  works  of  the 
evening  light-effects,  and  a  close  imitator  of  old  masters  in  Amsterdam.  Went  in  1851 
nature.  Member  of  and  professor  at  Dres-  to  Italy,  spent  many  years  at  Rome  and,  af- 
den  Academy.  Works  :  Apollo  tending  ter  a  sojourn  in  Stuttgart,  returned  to  Hoi- 
Herd  of  Admetus,  Similar  Subject,  Dresden  land  in  1808.  Works  :  Eliezer  and  Rebekah  ; 
Museum  ;  Winter  Landscape  with  Skaters,  Samaritan  Woman  at  the  Well ;  Hagar  and 
Shepherdess  and  Herd  at  Sunset,  Gotha  Ishmael ;  Banquet  of  Belshazzar  ;  Wedding 
Museum  ;  Landscape  with  Herd  (copy  after  at  Cana  (1804);  Portraits  of  Princess  Alex- 
Berghem),  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Cows  in  Pas-  andrine  of  Prussia  and  Pope  Pius  IX. — 
hire  (1779),  Schwerin  Gallery  ;  Animals  Christl.  Kunstbl.  (1804);  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex., 
driven  by  Peasant  Boy  across  Water,  Shep-  xvii.  501. 

herd  Family  with  Cattle  Resting,  Stuttgart '  KLINKENBERG,   JOHANNES  CHRIS- 

Museiun.—  Allgcm.    Zcitg.    (1825),    Beilagc  TIAAN  KAREL,  born  at  The  Hague,  Jan. 

No.  51  ;  Nagler,  vii.  51.                                     |  14,    1852.      Painter  of  city  views,  pupil  of 

KLEXZE,  LEO  VON,  born  near  Hildes-  Christoftel  Bisschop  ;  studio  at  The  Hague, 
liciin,  Feb.  29,  1784,  died  at  Munich,  Jan.  Works  :  Great  Square  at  Nymwcgen  (1877), 
20,  1804.  Architecture  and  landscape  paint-  Episode  in  Siege  of  Leyden,  Amsterdam 
or,  pupil  in  Paris  of  Bourgeois,  but  more  Museum  ;  Fish-Pond  at  The  Hague,  Rotter- 
famous  as  an  architect ;  visited  England,  dam  Museum  ;  Spanish  Quay  at  Rotterdam, 
Italy,  Greece,  and  seven  times  St.  Peters-  View  at  The  Hague  (1880);  Old  Women's 
burg,  whore  he  built  the  Hermitage  and  St.  Hospital  at  The  Hague  (1881). 
Isaac's  Cathedral.  Works :  View  of  Agri-  KLOCKER  VON  EHRENSTRAHL, 
gentum  ;  Zanthe  in  the  8th  Century  ;  Ideal  DAVID,  born  in  Ham- 


View  of  Athens  under  Hadrian,  New  Pin- 
akothek,  Munich  ;  Interior  of  Saracen  Pal- 
ace at  Ravello,  Schack  Gallery,  ib. ;  Pirano 
in  Istria,  Thorvaldsen  Museum,  Copenhagen. 
— Brockhaus,  x.  330  ;  Dioskuren  (1804),  49  ; 
Nagler,  vii.  53 ;  Regnet,  i.  29(5 ;  Sehack, 


•.     '    .- 

V-- 

a 

I;  \         ;  /    '  -   • 

u-Vvn    < 

,-J,  i    >     -  i  i  v 


burg  in  1020,  died  in 
Stockholm  in  1098. 
German  school ;  his- 
tory and  portrait  paint- 
er, pupil  in  Amster- 
dam of  Georg  Jacobs, 


Meine  Gemaldesammlung  (1884),  232.  ;,  then  in  Italy  of  Pietro 

KLEVER,  JULIUS  VON,  born  at  Dorpat,  da   Cortona  ;    became 

Jan.  19  (31),  1850.     Landscape  painter,  pu-  ,    Swedish  court-painter 

pil  of  St.  Petersburg  Academy  under  Michael  in  1GG1,  was  ennobled 

Clodt  and  Warjabjoff,  and  studied  from  na-  by  Charles  XL  in  1G74,  and  made  court-in- 

ture  in  the  Baltic  provinces.     Member  of  teudant  in  1090.    Works  :  Descent  from  the 

St.  Petersburg  Academy  in  1878,  professor  Cross,  Last  Judgment  (1094),  St.  Nicholas, 

in  1881.     Many  of  his  best  pictures  are  in  Stockholm  ;    Coronation    of    Charles    XI., 

the  St.  Petersburg  Academy.     Works  :  Es-  Drottuingholm  ;  Portrait  of  Charles  XL— 

thouiau  Fisherman's  Hut ;  Twenty  Degrees  Faber,  iii.  378. 


300 


KI.OEIJEU 


KLOEBER,  AUGUST  VON,  horn  in  Brcs- 
lau,  Aug.  21,  17!)3,  died  in  Berlin,  Dec.  31, 
18G4.  History  painter,  pupil  of  the  Berlin 
Academy  ;  joined  the  volunteers  in  1813  ; 
after  the  peace  studied  in  Paris,  and  then 
lived  four  years  in  Vienna,  where  he  painted 
the  best  known  portrait  of  Beethoven.  In 
1820  he  went  to  Berlin,  and  in  1821  to  Italy. 
whence  he  returned,  in  1828,  a  continued 
imitator  of  Correggio.  Member  of  the  Acad- 
demy  and  professor  in  1S2'.).  Works:  1'er 
sens  and  Andromeda,  Toilet  of  Venus  (before 
1828);  Greek  Flower  Girl  (ISM);  Bacchus 
watering  the  Panther  (1834);  Sakuntala,  Har- 
vest, Hfion  among  Herdsmen  (1837);  Jubal, 
Inventor  of  Flute  (1830),  Horse-Pond,  Cupid 
and  Psyche,  Education  of  Bacchus  (1800), 
in  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Psyche  awak- 
ened by  Cupid  (1854)  ;  Cupid  whetting  his 


</Kloe1>er 


Arrows.  —  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvi.  '200  ;  Dios- 
kuren  (18<;.~>),  8  ;  Jordan  (1SS5),  ii.  1  IS  ;  Bru- 
no Meyer,  Htudien,  11  ;  Rosenberg,  Berliner 
Malerschule,  SS. 

KLOMP,  AELBERT,  bom  at  Amsterdam 
in  1G18,  died  there,  Dec.  20,  KISS.  Dutch 
school.  Landscape  and  animal  painter;  pre- 
cursor of  Albert  Cuyp  and  Paid  Potter,  who 
painted  in  his  manner.  He  enlivened  his 
pictures  with  figures,  animals,  and  splendid 
fountains.  Works  :  Landscapes  with  Cat- 
tle, iu  Museums  at  Amsterdam  (3),  Bor- 
deaux, Brussels,  Dresden,  Gotha,  Stockholm; 
do.  (1(503),  Copenhagen  Gallery,  Stiidel  Gal- 
lery, Frankfort  ;  Oldenburg  (1088),  Schleiss- 
heim,  and  Schweriu  Galleries;  Historical  So- 


ciety,  New  York. — Dolnne  lii.  ;  Immerzeel, 
ii.  110;  Kramm,  iii.  878;  Kugler  (Crowe), 
ii.  440 ;  Schlie,  315 ;  Westrheene,  Paulua 
Potter,  15. 


KLOSE,  WILHELM,  born  in  Carlsruhe 
in  ls:!0.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Mu- 
nich Academy,  influenced  by  Rotttuann  ; 

visited  tin;  Tyrcilese  and  Swiss  Alps,  went  in 
1S.")1  to  Dalmatia,  thence  to  Rome,  where  he 
remained  until  1S">.'>.  After  a  short  stay  in 
C'arlsruhe,  lie  visited  Sicily  and  Greece  (1S07 
-li'.t),  then  in  1ST")  Egypt,  Asia  Minor,  and 
Athens.  Works  :  Fourteen  Views  in  Giveee 
and  Italy  ;  Four  Landscapes  in  South  Etru- 
ria,  Festhalle  in  Carlsruhe ;  Four  Italian 
Landscapes,  Municipal  Bath  in  Carlsruhe  ; 
Five  Italian  Landseapes.Villa  Klose  at  Tliun, 
Swit/erland.  Miiller,  30(1. 

KLOSS,  FREDERIK.  THKO1X  )K.  burn 
at  Brunswick,  Sept.  lit,  1S(I'_',  died  at  Co- 
penhagen, June  '.I,  ISTti.  I*ind-.eape,  marine. 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  in  Berlin  <>f  Schu- 
mann, then  of  Eekcrsbcrg  in  ('iipenhagen, 
whither  he  returned  in  Ivjs,  having  visited 
Prague,  Breslau,  and  Dresden,  in  1S'J.")-'2T  ; 
made  a  sea  vovage  with  the  cadets  ship  in 
1S30,  and  became  instructor  of  drawing; 
went  in  the  frigate  Thetis  to  Italy  in  IS  II!, 
and  to  the  Faroe  Islands  in  is  11.  Member 
of  Copenhagen  Academy  in  Islil.  Order  of 
Dannebrog,  1S47  ;  Professor,  !*"•:!.  His 
principal  works  are  in  the  royal  collections. 
Works:  Battle  of  Lyngorshavn  ;  Prince 
Christian  after  skirmish  near  Sjiillandsoddc  ; 
Open  Sea  with  Vessels. — Weilbaeh,  302. 

KLOTX,  JOSEPH,  born  in  Munich  in 
1795,  died  there  in  1SISO.  Landscape  paint- 
er, son  and  pupil  of  Matthias  Klotz  (portrait 
painter,  1784-1S21,  ami  court-painter,  first 
in  Mannheim,  then  in  Munich);  then  studied 
in  Paris  and  Berlin,  and  succeeded  his  father 
as  court-painter  in  Munich.  In  ISM  Ins 
picture  represent  ing  the  burning  of  Moscow 
was  very  popular.  Works  :  View  of  Mu- 
nich in  1S17  (figures  by  Albrccht  Adam), 
View  of  Schwabinger  Gate  in  Munich  (IS  17), 
New  Pinakothek,  Munich.— Lipowsky  ;  Na- 
gler,  vii.  f>8. 

KNAB,  FERDINAND,  born  in  WUrzburg, 
June  12,  1834.  Architecture  and  landscape 
painter,  pupil  in  Munich  of  Rauiberg  and 
Piloty ;  visited  Italy  in  1808  and  settled  in 


331 


KNACKFITSS 


Munich,  where  lie  painted  for  the  Royal 
Winter  Garden,  and  Villa  Linderhof.  Court- 
painter.  Works:  Court-Yard  in  Nurem- 
berg ;  Court- Yard  in  Florence  ;  Ruin8  of 
Roman  Palace  (18CO);  Castle  Ruin  of  the 
Renaissance  ;  Tomb  in  Roman  Campagna 
(18(i(i);  Convent  Yard  with  Well  (18G8);  Ro- 
man Landscape  (1872);  View  in  Neglected 
Park  (1874);  Roman  Hot  Springs;  Corin- 
thian Ruin  in  the  Campagna  ;  similar  subject 
(1885).— Dioskuren  (1872),  211;  Kunst- 
Chrouik,  xx.  G71  ;  Leixner,  D.  mod.  K.,  i.  ( 
114  ;  Land  und  Mcer  (1883),  ii.  839. 

KXACKFUSS,  HERMANN,  born  at  Wis- 
sen.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Diisseldorf 
Academy  under  Bendcmami  ;  took  part  in 
the  campaign  of  1870-71,  went  to  Rome  in 
1875,  and  became  professor  at  the  Cassel 
Academy  in  1880.  Works  :  Attila's  Queen 
receiving  Presents  from  Byzantine  Ambassa- , 
dors  (187G);  First  Fruits  (1877);  Capture  of 
Frederick  the  Fair  in  Battle  of  Miihldorf, 
132-2  (1883) ;  Painter's  Studio  in  16th  Cen- 
tury (1884).  Frescos  :  Ceiling  in  new  Gov- 
ernment Building  at  Cassel  ;  Two  Episodes  ' 
in  History  of  German  Empire  (1884),  Vesti- 
bule of  Railway  Station  at  Strassburg  ;  Bat- 
tle of  Turin  (in  progress),  Arsenal,  Berlin. — 
Kuiist-Chronik,  xvii.  222  ;  xviii.  435,  531  ; 
Leixner,  Mod.  K.,  i.  1)8;  Miiller,  301. 

KXAPP,  JOHANN,  born  in  Vicuna,  Sept.  ' 
5,  1778,  died  at  Schonbrunn,  near  Vienna, 
Feb.  18,  1833.    Flower  painter,  pupil  of  Vi- : 
cnna  Academy  under  Drechslcr  ;  called  to  ! 
arms  in  1797,  he  returned,  after  the  conclu- ' 
siou  of  peace,  to  his  profession,  and  in  1804 
became  painter  to  the  Archduke  Anton.    His  ' 
most  remarkable  work  is  a  bouquet  (7  ft.  x 
5  ft.),  composed  of  flowers  of   all   climes,  ; 
painted  for  Baron  Jacquin  in  1820-21.    Oth- 
er works  :  Flower  and  Fruit-Pieces,  Vienna 
Museum  ;  Styrian  Alpine  Plants  (2),  Joan- 
neum,    Gratz ;    Roses,    Hyacinths,    Exotic 
Flowers,   Flora  Alpina  (300  water-colors), 
for  Archduke  John  ;  Flower-Piece   (1816), 
Weimar   Museum  ;    Alpine   Plants    Exotic 
Plants,  for  the  Grandduke  of  Weimar. — Hor- 
mayr'sArchiv.  (1821),  138;  Wurzbach,  xii.  137. 


when  he  resigned. 


KNAUS,  LUDWIG,  born  at  Wiesbaden, 
Oct.  10,  1829.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Dtis- 
seldorf  Academy  un- 
der Sohnand  Schadow 
in  1846-52,  studied 
then  in  Paris  until 
I860  ;  visited  Italy  in 
1857-58;  lived  in  Ber- 
lin in  1861-66,  and  at 
Diisseldorf  from  18G6 
to  1874.  Professor 
i  at  the  Berlin  Academy 
from  1874  to  1884, 
He  is  one  of  the  leaders 
of  the  younger  Diisseldorf  school,  and  the 
foremost  genre  painter  in  Germany.  Mem- 
ber of  the  Vienna,  Berlin,  Munich,  Amster- 
dam, Antwerp,  and  Christiania  Academies  ; 
Medals:  Paris,  2d  class,  1853;  1st  class, 
1855,  1857,  1859  ;  Medal  of  Honour,  1867  ; 
L.  of  Honour,  1859  ;  Officer,  1867  ;  Knight 
of  Prussian  Order  of  Merit,  etc.,  and  many 
medals.  Works  :  Peasant  Dance  (1850) ; 
Cheaters  at  Cards  (1851),  Diisseldorf  Gallery 
and  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Bee-Keeper,  Age  does 
not  protect  against  Folly  (1851);  Funeral  in 
the  Woods  (1852) ;  Countess  Helfenstein 
begging  for  her  Husband's  Life,  Pickpocket 
(1852) ;  The  Promenade  (1855),  Luxembourg 
Museum  ;  Woman  playing  with  Cats  (1856), 
two  others,  Raveiu'  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  The  To- 
per, Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Country-Town 
People  in  a  Village  Inn,  Wiesbaden  Gallery; 
Morning  after  Kit-mess,  Golden  Wedding 
(1858);  After  the  Christening  (1859);  Woch- 
enstube,  Tyrolesc  Brawlers  before  their 
Parson  (1864);  Gypsies  Resting  (1865),  K6- 
nigsberg  Museum  ;  Juggler  ;  Table  in  the 
Corner  (1869);  Children's  Festival  (1869), 
National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Funeral  in  a  Hes- 
sian Village  (1870);  Beggar  Boy  (1871);  His 
Highness  Travelling  ;  Child  with  Doll  ;  Old 
Woman  with  Cats  ;  Organ-Grinder  ;  Council 
of  Peasants ;  In  a  thousand  Fears,  Die 
Geschwister  (1872);  Holy  Family  (1875); 
Tavern  Scene  (1876);  The  Refractory  Model 
(1877);  Solomonic  Wisdom  (1878);  Glimpse 
behind  the  Scene  (1880),  Dresden  Gallery  ; 


392 


KNELLER 

Little  Pigs  (1881);  Portraits  of  Professors  painted.     On  his  return  from  Italy,   lived 
Mommsen  and  Helmholtz   (1881),    Nation-  for  a  time  in  Hamburg,  but  was  induced  to 
al  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Student's  Visit  Home  in  go  to  England 
Vacation  (1884).     WTorks  in  United  States:  in  1(!74,  and  re- 
Road  to  Ruin,    Female  Head,   Rag   Baby,  ceived   such   a  <   -^ 
W.  H.  Vanderbilt,   New  York;  IMij  Fain-  flattering  re-                 :V"fc>  <; 
ily,  None  but  the  Cats,  Miss  C.  L.  Wolfe,  ib. ;  ception    from                '-*' M  4^'     N    ;   ^ 
Going  to  the  Dance,  August  Belmont,  ib.  ;  Charles  II.  that       .  ,    , -r-'w.Vl 
City  Belle,  M.  Graham,  ib.  ;  Little  Scholar,  he  determined 
Gretchen,  Girl's  Head,  W.  Rockefeller,  ib.  ;  to  re  m  a  i  n 
Priest  and  Poacher,  T.  R.  Butler,  ib.  ;  Ro-  there.      After 
coco,  J.  C.  Runkle,  ib.  ;  Baby,  D.  O.  Mills,  the  death  of  Sir 
ib.  ;  Little  Gretchen,  C.  S.  Smith,  ib.  ;  Study  Peter   Lely  he 

of  Head,  J.  T.   Martin,   Brooklyn  ;  Butcher  was    made    court-painter,    and    he    received 

Boy,    Portrait,    D.    W.    Powers,    Rochester,  equal  favour  from  James  II,  William  III, 

N.  Y.;  City  Girl,  G.  Whitney,  Philadelphia  ;  who  knighted  him  (1092),  Queen  Anne,  and 

Blacksmith,  J.  D.  Lankenau,  ib.  ;  Mud  Pies  George  I  .  who  made  him  a  baronet  (1715). 

(1873),  W.  T.  Walters,  Baltimore  ;  German  His    forty-three   portraits    of  the    members 

Subject,   Leland   Stanford,   San    Francisco;  of  the  Kit  Kat  Club,   and   his   Beauties  at 

Unwelcome  Visitor,    Charles    Crocker,   ib.  ;  Hampton  Court,  are  examples  of  his  facile 

Child,    R.     C.     Taft,     Providence  ;    Female  and    meretricious   style    and   corrupt,  taste. 

Head,  J.  A.  Brown,  ib.  ;  Old  Age  and  Child-  That  he  was  the  leading  portrait  painter  of 

hood,    Longworth     Collection,    Cincinnati  ;  his  dav   shows  the  low   slate  of   art  at  the 

Head    of    Madonna,     Hurlbut     Collection,  time.      "  Where,"  says  \Valpole,  '•  he  offered 

Cleveland;  Wood-Chopper,  S.  A.  Coale,  St.  one  picture  to  fame,  he  sacrificed  twenty  to 

lucre."  The  National  Portrait  Gallerv  c<>n- 
VO  rtt  tains  fifteen  portraits  by  him,  including  Ad- 
T\ft\AS.\TS  JO  dison,  Congrcve,  Watts,  Wren,  James  II. 
Louis. — Gartenlanbo  (181!!)),  12;  Kunst-  (1G85),  and  Lady  Russell.  Portraits  of  Ad- 
Chronik,  i.  137;  v.  82,  143;  vi.  141  ;  xii.  1'.) ;  dison,  Pope,  Dr.  Wallis,  and  of  himself, 
Illust.  Zeitg.  (1804),  i.  115  ;  (1881),  ii.  308,  hang  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford. 
374;  Miiller,  301;  Wolfgang  Mullcr,  Diis-  Other  works  :  Portrait  of  the  Engraver  John 
seldorf  K.,  253  ;  Leixner,  D.  mod.  K.,  i.  (!7  ;  Smith  (10%),  National  Gallery,  London; 
Nord  und  Slid,  xiv.  117;  Hecht,  i.  124;  William  III  landing  at  Margate  (1<I'.)7), 
Riegel,  Kunst-Studien,  408;  Reber,  C18  ;  Peter  the  Great,  Queen  Mary  II,  William 
Rosenberg,  Berl.  Malersch.,  177  ;  Vom  Fels  Duke  of  Gloucester,  John  Locke,  Sir  Isaac 
zum  Meer,  i.  302;  Wiegmann,  333  ;  Zeitschr.  Newton,  The  Hampton  Court  Beauties  (H), 
f.  b.  K.,  iv.  17;  vi.  148  ;  x.  (Mittheilungen,  Child  with  Lamb,  Hampton  Court  Palace  ; 
iii.  C5);  xii.  388.  James  II,  The  Converted  Chinese,  Windsor 
KNELLER  (Kniller),  Sir  GODFREY,  Castle  ;  Portrait  of  Canon  Francois  dc  Cock, 
Bart.,  born  in  Lilbeck,  Aug.  8,  Ki4(!,  died  at  Antwerp  Museum  ;Male  Portraits  (3),  Bruns- 
Twickenham,  Nov.  7,  1723.  Dutch  school ;  wick  Museum  ;  Copernicus  in  his  Study, 
portrait  painter,  reputed  to  have  studied  Iv'niigsberg  Museum  ;  Queen  Henrietta 
under  Rembrandt  and  Ferdinand  Bol  at  Maria,  Old  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  John 
Amsterdam,  and  in  Rome  (1072-74)  under  Locke,  Sculptor  Gibbons,  Hermitage,  St 
Carlo  Maratta  and  Bernini  (?);  went  after-  Petersburg;  Man  in  Coat  of  Mail,  Standard- 
wards  to  Venice,  where  be  was  well  received  Bearer  (1048,  copies  after  Rembrandt), 
by  the  leading  families,  whose  portraits  be  Scbweriu  Gallery  ;  A  Princess  of  Portugal, 


KNIGGE 


Princess  tie  Barbensson,  William  Wake, 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  (171G),  Vienna 
Museum.  His  elder  brother,  John  Zachary 
Kncllrr  (1G35-1702),  who  went  to  England 
with  him,  painted  architectural  decorations 
in  fresco,  and  portraits  and  still  life  in  oil. 
A  portrait  of  William  III.  of  Orange  by  him 

•  is  in  the  Schwerin 

I/  f)()  Gallery. — Acker- 

A  n£UW  iylO  maml,  Portrutma- 
ler  Sir  (J.  K. ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  allemaude  ; 
Engcrth,  Belved.  Gal.,  ii.  22(5  ;  Kramm,  iii. 
878  ;  Taylor,  Fine  Arts  ;  Hamburg,  Kilnst. 
Lex.  (1854);  Walpole,  Anecdotes  ;  Cat.  Nat. 
Tort.  Gal;  Redgrave. 

KNIGGE,  OTTO,  born  in  Berlin,  Dec. 
14,  18:55,  died  there,  March  5,  18813.  His- 
tory and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Weimar 
Art  School,  then  in  Paris  of  Couture  and  in 
lierlin  of  OskarBegas  ;  visited  Italy  in  18(59. 
Works :  Altai-piece,  St.  Peter's,  Berlin  ; 
Healing  of  Sick  Woman,  Elizabeth  Hospital, 
I5erlin  ;  Loreley,  Breslau  Gallery  ;  Morning 
.Dew ;  Joseph  of  Arimathea  bringing  the 
Crown  of  Thorns  to  the  Virgin. — Dioskuren 
(18(5(5)  ;  Illust.  Zeitg.  (18G7-G8)  ;  Kuust- 
Chronik,  xviii.  395  ;  Miiller,  353. 

KNIGHT,  DANIEL  RIDGWAY,  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  contemporary.  Genre 
painter,  pupil  of  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts, 
Paris,  in  1872,  of  Gleyre,  and  of  Meissonier 
in  187G.  Exhibits  at  Paris  Salon  and  at 
the  National  Academy.  Studio  at  Poissy, 
France.  Works :  The  Veteran  (1870)  ; 
Othello  in  the  House  of  Brabautio  (1871)  ; 
Fugitives,  Antiquary,  Dividing  the  Profits, 
Old  Beau  (1873)  ;  Strolling  in  the  Garden 
(1874)  ;  Washerwomen  (1875)  ;  Market 
Place  at  Poissy,  Harvest  Scene  (1877)  ;  Pot 
au  Feu  (1878)  ;  In  Mourning  (1882)  ;  Sans 
Dot  (1883)  ;  Noonday  Rest  (1884)  ;  Chat- 
terboxes (1885),  Reichard  it  Co.,  New  York. 

KNIGHT,  JOHN  PRESCOTT,  born  at 
Stafford  in  1803,  died  in  London,  March  28, 
1881.  Portrait  painter,  pupil  of  H.  Sass 
and  George  Clint,  and  of  Royal  Academy  in 
1823  ;  became  an  A.R.A  in  1836,  and  R.A. 
in  1844.  Was  professor  of  perspective  in 


1  Roj'al  Academy  in  1839-GO,  and  secretary  in 

j  1847-73.  —Art  Journal  (1849),  209  ;  (1881), 

1 159  ;  Sand  by,  ii.  174. 

KNIGHT   ERRANT,    Sir   John   Everett 

1  MUlais,  Bart.,  Charles  H.  Wilson,  Esq.,  M.P.; 

j  canvas,  H.  G  ft.  x  4  ft.  5  in.  A  woman,  made 
prisoner  by  brigands  and  stripped,  is  bound 
nude  to  a  tree  in  a  wooded  rocky  landscape  ; 
near  her,  one  of  the  robbers  lies  on  the 
rocks  dead,  slain  by  a  knight  in  armour, 
who  is  cutting  her  bonds  with  his  sword  ; 
in  the  distance,  shadowy  figures  flying  in 
fear.  The  only  example  by  Millais  of  a  full- 
length,  life-size,  nude  female  figure.  Painted 
in  1870  in  six  weeks. 

KNIGHT  AND  TWO  WOMEN,  Tinlo- 
ri'tln,  Dresden  Gallery ;  canvas,  H.  4  ft.  11 
in.  x  8  ft.  2  in.  A  knight  in  a  gondola, 
which  a  helmsman  steers,  rescues  two  nude 
women  from  a  tower.  From  the  reserved 
pictures  in  18G1. 

KNIGHT'S  VISION,  Raphael,  National 
Gallery,  London  ;  wood,  7  in.  sq.  A  youth- 
ful knight  asleep  upon  his  shield  at  foot  of 
a  laurel  tree  ;  a  lovely  girl  stands  near  his 
head,  with  a  sword  in  one  hand  and  a  book 


Knight's  Vision,  Raphael.  National   Gallery,  London. 

in  the  other,  while  a  second  watches  at  his 
feet  and  presents  a  myrtle  blossom  ;  back- 
ground, a  landscape  with  a  village,  and  a 
fortress  on  a  hill.  Painted  in  Perugia  in 
1504-5  (?).  Long  in  Borghese  collection, 


394 


KNILLE 


Senator 
Works : 


whence  passed  to  W.  Young  Ottley,  who 
sold  it  in  1801  to  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence  for 
£470  ;  next  passed  to  Sir  M.  Sykes,  whose 
heir,  Rev.  Thomas  Egerton,  sold  it  in  1847 
for  £1,050  to  National  Gallery,  which  pos- 
sesses also  the  original  sketch  in  pen  and 
ink.  Engraved  by  L.  (iruuer.  — C.  <fc  C., 
Raphael,  i.  199  ;  Milntz,  95  ;  Passavant,  ii. 
1C  ;  Perkins,  00  ;  Richtcr,  5 

KNILLE,  OTTO,  l>oni  at  Osuabriick, 
Sept.  10,  1832.  History 
painter,  pupil  of  Diissel- 
dorf  A  cade  my  under 
Karl  Solm,  Tli.  Hilde- 
brandt,  nnd  Schadow  ; 
studied  then  in  Paris 
under  Couture,  lived 
four  years  in  Munich, 
three  years  in  Italy,  nnd 
settled  in  18f>G  in  Ber- 
lin, where,  in  1875,  ho 
became  professor  :\t  the  Academy, 
in  1K82.  Gold  medal,  Berlin,  1881. 
Death  of  Totila  (1855)  ;  Corpse  of  the  Cid 
frightening  the  Moors  ;  Nun  led  to  be  im- 
mured, Provinx.ial  Museum,  Hanover;  Cycle 
from  Thuringian  Legends  ;  Fiesole  in  Mon- 
astery of  San  Marco  ;  T(iiii>h<'iin<er  and  Venus 
(1873),  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Emperor 
Hadrian  and  Anttnous  ;  Four  Friezes  rep- 
resenting Antique,  Scholastic,  Humanistic, 
and  Modern  Culture,  Berlin  University. — 
Mdller,  302  ;  Leixner,  D.  mod.  K.,  ii.  87  ; 
Rosenberg,  Berliner  Malerschnle,  Ifi4  ;  Wolf- 
gang Muller,  DUsseldorfer  K.,  1(32  ;  Zeitschr. 
f.  b.  K.,  xvii.  55  ;  xx.  94. 

KNIP,  HENRIETTE.     See  Ifonner. 

KNIP,  JOSEPHUS  AUGUSTUS,  bom  at 
Tilburg,  Aug.  3,  1777,  died  at  Berlicum, 
near  Bois-le-due,  Oct.  1,  1847.  Landscape 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Nicolaas  Frederik 
Knip  (flower  painter,  1742-1809);  went  in 
1801  to  Paris,  where  he  was  befriended  by 
Gerard  van  Spaendonck  ;  received  a  pension 
in  1808,  from  Louis  Napoleon,  King  of  Hol- 
land, and  soon  after  went  to  Rome,  whence 
he  visited  Naples  and  Calabria,  and  returned 
home  with  many  sketches  in  1813  ;  lived  at 


Amsterdam  until  1821,  went  to  Paris  in 
1823,  painted  much  for  the  royal  family  ami 
received  a  gold  medal,  returned  to  Amster- 
dam in  1827,  and  In-came  blind  in  1832. 
Member  of  Amsterdam  Academy.  Italian 
Landscapes  by  him  are  in  the  Amsterdam 
(1818)  and  Rotterdam  Museums.  His  sis- 
ter Henriette  Geertruida  (born  at  Tilburg, 
July  1!),  1783,  died  at  Haarlem,  May  211, 
IM'-'I,  w:is  a  skilful  flower  painter,  pupil  in 
Paris  of  Spaendonck  and  of  Jan  Frans  Dael. 
Medals.  Paris,  181!)  ;  Amsterdam,  18-J2.— 
Tnnner/.eel,  ii.  117;  1).  Kunstbl.  (1852), 
310. 

KNOLLKK,  MAKTIN.  born  at  Steinach, 
Tyrol,  Nov.  8,  1725,  died  in  Milan,  July  24, 
1801.  History  and  portrait  painter,  tir.st 
instructed  by  an  obscure  artist  in  Innsbruck, 
then  pupil  of  Paul  Troger,  who  accidentally 
discovered  his  talent  in  passing  through 
Steinach  on  his  return  from  Italy  in  1745, 
and  took  him  to  Vienna.  Having  obtained 
the  great  pri/.e  at  the  Academy  in  1753,  re- 
turned to  Tyrol,  and  after  two  years  went 
to  Home,  where  he  studied  the  old  masters, 
and  freed  himself  from  Troger's  mannerism. 
He  found  an  adviser  in  Raphael  Mengs  and 
a  warm  friend  in  Winckehnann.  In  1755 
appointed  professor  at  the  Academy  of  Mi- 
lan, where  he  spent,  forty  prosperous  years. 
In  1790  92  he  was  in  Vienna,  and  painted 
Leopold  II.  and  Francis  I.  He  excelled  as 
a  portrait  and  fresco  painter,  and  decorated 
a  number  of  churches  in  (lie  villages  of 
Tyrol,  Bavaria,  and  Lombardy.  and  many 
palaces  in  Milan.  Works:  Young  Tobias 
healing  his  Father's  Eyes  ;  Stoning  of  St. 
Stephen  (1754)  ;  Conception  of  Mary,  Birth 
of  Mary,  Marriage  of  Mary  ;  Madonna,  St. 
Joseph  Dying  ;  Beheading  of  St.  Catharine; 
St.  Sebastian,  Pieta  (1790),  Holy  Family 
(1794),  Kloster  Ettal,  Bavaria;  St.  Charles 
Borromeo(17(i4);  liaising  of  Lazarus;  Scipio 
at  Carthage  ;  Christ  at  Einmaus  ;  Martyr- 
dom of  St.  Sebastian  ;  do.  of  John  the  Bap- 
tist ;  Eight  Altai-pieces  in  Stiftskirehe  at 
Grips,  near  Botzen  ;  Christ  on  the  Cross 
(1790),  Holy  Family,  Joseph  and  Potiphar's 


KNORR 


Wife,  A  Saint  of  the  Servile  Order,  Portrait 
of  Raphael  Mengs,  do.  of  Himself  (2),  Count 
Firmian  and  Suite  in  a  Landscape,  two 
other  Male  Portraits,  Ferdinandeum,  Inns- 
bruck; Judgment  of  Paris  (178G),  Palais 
Taxis,  ib. ;  St.  Benedict  and  St.  Scholastica 
presented  to  the  Trinity  by  the  Virgin  (1770), 
Schleissheim  Gallery  ;  Male  Portrait  (1791), 
Vienna  Museum  ;  Assumption,  St.  Sebastian 
restored  by  Irene,  Portrait  of  Raphael 
Mengs,  do.  of  Himself  (1803),  three  other 
Male  Portraits,  Academy,  Milan  ;  over  thirty 
pictures  in  Royal  Palace  and  Chapel,  ib. ; 
others  in  Palazzo  Groppi,  Palazzo  Melzi  (4), 
Mainoni  Collection  (5),  ib. ;  Portraits  of  Em- 
perors Leopold  II.  and  Francis  II. ;  do.  of 
Himself,  Castle  Leopoldkron,  near  Salzburg, 
and  Sacristy  of  Stiftskirche  at  Gries.  Fres- 
cos :  The  Heavenly  Glory  (1700,  a  model 
specimen  of  fresco  painting),  Kloster  Ettal, 
Bavaria ;  Five  Ceilings,  Royal  Palace,  Milan  ; 
Apotheosis  of  Alberich  the  Great,  Rinaldo 
in  Gardens  of  Armida,  Wedding  of  Riidiger 
and  Radamante,  Palazzo  Belgiojoso,  ib.  ; 
Rape  of  Ganymede,  and  two  others,  Palazzo 
Groppi,  ib. ;  Scenes  in  Life  of  St.  Augustine, 
Stiftskirche  at  Grics ;  Descent  from  the 
Cross,  Campo  Santo,  Rome. — Allgcm.  d. 
Biogr.,  xvi.  321  ;  Gnthe,  Winkelmaun,  280;' 
Hormayr's  Archiv.  (1820),  xvii.  800  ;  Kugler 
(Crowe),  ii.  557  ;  D.  Kunstbl.  (1858),  99  ; 
Kunst-Chronik,  xx.  421  ;  Wurzbach,  xii. 
161. 

KNORR,  GEORG,  born  at  Lobau,  West- 
Prussia,  in  1845.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of 
Ki'.nigsberg  Academy  under  Rosenfelder, 
studied  then  in  Berlin  and  Diisseldorf,  and 
afterwards  visited  Italy.  His  subjects  are 
mostly  humourous.  Works  :  Invitation  to 
Tea  (1807);  In  the  Museum  (1872);  New 
Inmates  (1874) ;  At  Boarding  School  (1875) ; 
Taken  in  the  Act  (1877). 

KNORR,  HUGO,  born  in  Ki'migsberg  in 
1834.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Konigs- 
berg  Academy  ;  won  first  prize  and  com- 
pleted his  studies  under  Behrendsen,  trav- 
elled in  the  Hartz  Mountains  in  1858,  and 
in  Norway  in  1861.  Professor  at  the  Poly- 


technic School  in  Carlsruhe  since  1873. 
Works  :  Before  the  Storm  ;  After  the  Storm  ; 
View  of  Witches'  Dancing-Ground  in  the 
Hartz  ;  Norwegian  Glacier  ;  Norwegian 
Waterfall ;  Fjord  in  High  Plain  ;  Hardanger 
Fjord  ;  Wreck  on  Norwegian  Coast ;  Surf 
on  Norwegian  Coast  ;  Flying  Dutchman 
(1870).— Kaulen,  171  ;  Mailer,  303. 

KNtiPFER,  NICOLAUS,  born  at  Leip- 
sic  in  1003,  died  at  Utrecht  or  at  The  Hague 
in  1000  (?).  Dutch  school ;  history,  genre, 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Abraham 
Bloemaert  at  Utrecht,  whither  he  came  from 
Magdeburg  in  1030,  and  where  he  soon  be- 
came one  of  the  best  artists  of  the  Dutch 
school,  enjoying  the  favour  of  distinguished 
patrons,  especially  of  the  King  of  Denmark. 
He  was  the  first  master  of  Jan  Steen,  and, 
according  to  Kramm,  removed  afterwards 
to  The  Hague.  Works  :  Solomon  sacrific- 
ing to  Strange  Gods,  Brunswick  Museum  ; 
The  Seven  Works  of  Mercy,  Cassel  Gal- 
lery ;  Paul  and  Fcstus,  Mercury  and  Psyche, 
Copenhagen  Gallery  ;  Artist  and  his  Wife 
making  Music,  Dresden  Museum  ;  Venus 
asleep  and  Cupid,  Oldenburg  Gallery  ;  Es- 
ther before  Ahasuerus,  Hermitage,  St.  Peters- 
burg ;  Allegory  on  Chase  after  Fortune 
(1051),  Joseph  explaining  the  Dreams,  The 
Washing  of  Feet,  Schwerin  Gallery.— All- 
gem,  d.  Biogr.,  xvi.  331  ;  Descamps,  i.  293  ; 
Kramm,  iii.  882  ;  Riegel,  Beitriige,  ii.  188  ; 
Sclilie,  31i). 

KNYFF,  ALFRED  DE,  born  in  Brussels 
in  1819,  died  in  Paris,  March  22,  1885. 
Landscape  painter.  Lives  at  Fontainebleau. 
Medals :  3d  class,  1S57,  1859,  1801  ;  L.  of 
Honour,  1801.  WTorks  :  Souvenir  of  Chen- 
nevieres ;  Dike  of  Champigny  ;  Storm  in  the 
Campine  ;  Old  Willow  ;  Oak  at  Fontaine- 
bleau ;  Sunset  in  the  Campine  in  Belgium 
(18(59);  Moonlight ;  Scotch  Heath  ;  Evening ; 
Villiers  sur  Mer  ;  Clairvaux  Village  (1873)  ; 
Mouth  of  the  Mouse,  Garden  of  Alfred 
Stevens,  Marsh  in  the  Campine  (1875) ; 
Prairies  of  Lagrange,  Forest  of  Stolen  in 
the  Campine  (1877) ;  Old  Willow,  Meadow 
(1880) ;  Environs  of  Bruges  (1883) ;  Prairies 


396 


KNYFF 


of  Mortefontaine,  Isle  of  Cesambre  (1884). 
—Journal  cles  B.  Arts  (I860),  150  ;  Milller, 
304. 

KNYFF,  WOUTER,  born  fit  Wesel,  of  a 
Haarlem  family ;  living  in  Kill).  Dutch 
school.  Painted  city  views  and  landscapes 
in  the  style  of  Van  Goyen  ;  received  into 
Haarlem  Guild  in  1041.  Pictures  very  rare. 
Work :  View  of  a  City  on  a  River,  Ghent 
Museum.— Kramm,  iii.  8K2. 

KOBEL,  GEOltG,  bom  at  Worms  in 
1807.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Dresden 
and  Munich  Academies  ;  visited  North  Italv 
several  times,  and  Home  in  1KJI!  and  1H:!S, 
and  was  greatly  influenced  by  Marko  ;  re- 
turned to  Munich  in  1840.  Works:  Views 
of  Lake  Garda  ;  Views  in  the  Ramsau  ;  San 
G reform  in  Sabine  Mountains  ;  Cloister 
Andeclis  in  Bavaria;  Passenhofen  ;  Ober- 
Ammergau  ;  Grotto  of  Egeria,  Scliack  Gal- 
lery. Munich;  Konigsee  near  Bercuteflgiuleu ; 
Porta Nomentana  ;  View  of  St.  Peter's,  Koine, 
Carlsnihe  Gallery.  --Miiller,  :104. 

KOIJELL,  FERDINAND,  born  in  Mann- 
heim, June  7,  1740,  died  in  Munich,  Feb.  I, 
IT'.I'.I.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  in  Mann- 
heim of  Verschatlelt.  Studied  from  17liS  in 
Paris,  and  after  his  return  became  court- 
painter  and  professor  at  the  Mannheim 
Academy.  In  170:i  lie  was  made  director 
of  the  Munich  galleries.  His  landscapes, 
in  the  style -of  Ben-hem,  arc  effective  and 
truthful  studies  from  nature.  Works  :  Views 
in  and  near  Aschaffenburg(O),  Aachaffenburg 
Gallery  ;  Four  Landscapes  (one  dated  1785), 
Kchleissheim  Gallery  ;  Six  do.,  Carlsnihe 
Gallery;  Three  do.  (1784,  ]7!)1),  Darmstadt 
Museum  ;  Five  do.,  Stuttgart  Museum  ;  oth- 
ers in  Augsburg  Gallery. — Allgciu.  d.  Biogr., 
xvi.  350 ;  Kugler,  kl.  Scliriften,  iii.  'M>(\ ; 
Kunstblatt  (1858),  280  ;  Lipowsky,  155. 

KOBELL,  FRANZ,  born  at  Mannheim, 
Nov.  2:5,  1749,  died  in  Munich,  Jan.  14, 
1822.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Mann- 
heim Academy,  went  in  177(>  to  Italy,  where 
he  spent  nine  years,  chiefly  at  Rome,  and 
on  his  return  in  1785  settled  in  Munich, 
and  was  made  court-painter  and  honorary 


member  of  the  Academy ;  afterwards  de- 
voted himself  entirely  to  drawing,  and  is 
said  to  have  left  over  10,000  productions  of 
his  pencil.  Works  :  Rocky  Landscaj>e  with 
Waterfalls,  Bamberg  Gallery;  Morning 
Landscape,  Evening  Landscape,  do.  (1778), 
Cart -Horse  and  Figures,  Boy  feeding  Horses, 
Horse  Stable  (1780),  Mountainous  Land- 
scape, Weimar  Museum.  -Allgem.  d.  Biogr., 
xvi.  It55  ;  Goethe,  Wiukelmann,  ii.;  D. 
Kunstbl.  (1822).  1S1. 

KOBELL,  JAN,  born  at  Delftshaven  in 
1771>,  died  at  Amsterdam,  Sept.  2:i,  1814. 
Animal  and  landscape  painter,  son  of  Hcn- 
drik  Kohcll  (landscape  and  marine  painter, 
1751-01),  by  whom  there  is  a  Storm  at  Sea 
(1771!)  in  the  Gotha  Museum);  pupil  at 
I'lrecht  of  Willem  Kutgaart  van  der  Wall. 
and  took  Paul  Potter  for  his  model  ;  went 
in  1S12  to  Paris,  where,  in  the  same  year, 
he  won  a  gold  medal,  and  rapidly  attained 
popularity.  His  fellow-artists  at  Amsterdam 
honoured  him  as  their  foremost  animal 
painter.  In  1MI!  14  he  lived  in  London 
until  short lv  before  his  death.  Works: 
Landscape  with  Cattle,  View  in  Gelders, 
Oxen  at  Pasture  (ISII(i),  Museum.  Amster- 
dam ;  L-indscape  with  Cattle,  Hor>e  and 
Goats  by  a  Barn,  Landscape  with  Peasants 
Milking.  Museum  I-'odor,  ib. ;  Oxen  and 
Sheep  in  a  Meadow,  Rotterdam  Museum. — 
Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvi.  .'{54  ;  Iinmer/eel,  ii. 
120  ;  Kramm,  iii.  8S5. 

KOIJELL.  JAN,  born  at  Rotterdam,  April 
Hi,  1SOI),  died  there,  Nov.  8.  ls:',S.  Animal 
and  landscape  painter,  son  of  the  engraver 
Jan  Kobell  (1750  l<s:i:t,  a  brother  of  Hen- 
drik),  pupil  of  Rotterdam  Academy  ;  painted 
;it  the  age  of  seventeen  a  Cow  Stable,  which 
was  placed  in  the  Hague  Museum.  His 
principal  work,  a  life-si/e  Cattle-piece  (1830), 
was  immediately  sold  in  Paris.  His  sister, 
Anna  (1705-1847),  was  also  an  esteemed 
artist,  whose  works  are  in  private  collec- 
tions in  Holland.  -Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvi. 
355. 

KOBELL,  WILHELM  VON,  bom  in 
Mannheim,  April  <!,  17IJO,  died  in  Munich, 


KOBKE 

July  15,  1855.  Landscape  and  battle  paint- j  KOBKE,  CHRISTEN  SCHJELLERUP, 
er,  son  and  pupil  of  Ferdinand  Kobell,  stud-  bom  in  Copenhagen,  May  26,  1810,  died 
ied  afterwards  in  the  Mannheim  and  Diissel- ,  there,  Feb.  7,  1848.  Landscape,  genre,  and 
dorf  Galleries,  especially  after  Wouwerman  ;  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen  Acad- 
went  to  Rome  in  1778,  became  professor  at  emy  under  Loreutzen  and  Eckersberg,  went 
the  Munich  Academy  in  1808,  and  visited  to  Rome  in  1838,  and  afterwards  to  Naples. 
Vienna  and  Paris  in  1809-10,  to  make  stud-  In  1845-40  he  painted  frescos  in  the  Thor- 
ies  for  his  battle-pieces,  which,  containing ,  valdsen  Museum,  and,  having  painted  his 
many  portraits  of  famous  contemporaries,  reception  piece  for  the  Academy,  died  of 
are  of  historical  interest.  Member  of  Ber-  grief  over  its  rejection.  Works  :  Old  Sailor 
lin  (1791)  and  Vienna  (1808)  Academics ;  (1832),  Summer  Morning  near  Osterbro 
Bavarian  Civil  Order  of  Merit  in  1815  ;  en-  (1830),  From  Dosseringen  (1839),  Coast 
noblod  in  1833.  Works  :  Conquest  of  LTlm  ;  View  in  Capri  (1844),  Copenhagen  Gallery  ; 
do.  of  Bran  n  an  ;  Skirmish  near  Giinzburg  ;  Bay  of  Naples  (1843),  Leipsic  Museum  ; 
Entry  of  French-Bavarian  Troops  into  Mu-  View  in  Aarhus  Cathedral;  Antique  Hall  at 
nich  (1807);  Third  Day  of  Battle  of  Haiiiiu  Charlotfenburg  ;  Frederiksborg  Castle  at 
(1SOS),  New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Skirmish  Sunset.— Weilbach,  390. 
near  Polozk  (1812);  Siege  of  Breslan  ;  Sur-  KOCH,  JOHANN  KARL,  born  at  Ham- 
render  of  Brieg,  Cavalry  Skirmish  at  Arn-  burg  in  1800.  History  painter,  went  in 
hofen  (1809),  Battles  of  Eckmiihl  and  Wag-  1827  to  Munich,  and  thence  visited  Rome 
rain,  Banquet  Hall,  Ki'migsbau,  ib. ;  Siege  in  183(i.  Works:  Madonna  with  St.  John, 
of  Kosel  (1800) ;  Storming  of  Glatz,  At-  Kunsthalle,  Hamburg  ;  Miraculous  Cure  of 
tack  of  the  Russians  near  Poglawi  (1807)  ;  Sick  Boy,  Departure  of  St.  Bernard  from 
Battle  at  Bar  surAube  (1814);  Cattle  (1820),  Speyer,  Spoyer  Cathedral.  Frescos  in 
National  Gallery,  Berlin;  Start  for  the  Chase,  Church  of  All  Saints,  Munich;  do.:  Pope 
Rocky  Landscape,  Bamberg  Gallery;  Cows  Gregory  II.  consecrating  Boniface  Apostle 
and  Sheep  on  the  Alp,  Cattle  in  a  River,  of  the  Germans,  Consecration  of  Kloster 
Return  from  the  Chase,  Carlsruhe  Gallery  ;  Fulda,  Murder  of  St.  Maximilian  at  Cilly, 
Loaded  Donkeys  on  a  Height,  Horseman  Styria  in  284,  Baptism  of  St.  Ottilia,  Bishop 
halting  by  Peasant  Boy  (1823),  Darmstadt  Wulfram  in  Friesland  rescuing  two  Youths 
Museum  ;  Herd  and  Shepherd  Boy,  Stiidel  from  the  Sea,  Murder  of  St.  Kilian  at  Wiirz- 
Gallery,  Frankfort ;  Horse-pieces  (2),  Prehn  burg,  St.  Walpurga  saving  by  her  Prayers  a 
Collection,  ib.;  Landscape  with  Cattle,  For-  Sick  Girl,  Return  of  St.  Willibald  from  Pil- 
dinandeum,  Innsbruck  ;  Peasant  Family  re-  grimage  to  the  Holy  Land,  Baptism  of  Wit- 
turning  from  Market,  Leipsic  Museum;  tikind  at  Attigny,  Charlemagne  at  the 
Mountain  Road  with  Carter  and  Peasant  Council  in  Frankfort,  Basilica,  ib.— Cotta's 
Woman  (1822),  Lady  and  Gentleman  dis-  Kunstbl.  (1830),  09. 

mounted  on  Lake-shore  (1790),  Two  Horse-  KOCH,  JOSEF,  born  in  Munich  in  1819, 
men  Galloping,  Schleissheim  Gallery ;  Hunt-  died  there,  Feb.  17,  1872.  Landscape  and 
ing  Party  (1822),  Weimar  Museum  ;  Land-  animal  painter,  pupil  of  Albrecht  Adam  and 
scape  with  Ploughing  Team  ;  do.  with  of  Friedrich  Voltz ;  tried  also  portraits 
Freight  Wagon,  Wiesbaden  Gallery  ;  Alpine  under  Bernhardt,  and  studied  in  Antwerp  ; 
Shepherdess  and  Chamois  Hunter  Convers-  after  visits  to  Paris  and  Venice,  returned 
ing,  Similar  Subject  (1827),  Horsemen  with  to  Munich  in  1840.  Works :  Ruin  Kropf- 
Horses  and  Dogs  near  a  Lake  (1832),  Furs-  berg  in  the  Inn  Valley  (1849);  View  near 
tenberg  Gallery,  Donaueschingen  ;  several  Antwerp  (1851) ;  Animals  in  the  Woods 
in  Mannheim  Gallery.— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  (1852);  Grazing  Cows  (1853);  Cattle  Drink- 
xvi.  357  ;  Andreseu,  i.  114 ;  Soltl.  hig  (1855);  Fraueuchiemsee  by  Moonlight 

3!I8 


KOCH 


(1859);  View  near  Feldwies  (18(52);  Frauen 
Insel(18G4);  Morning  in  the  Fields  (1850), 
Pasture  near  Antwerp  (1858),  Harvest  ( 180 1 ), 
Munich  Art  Union. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvi. 
392  ;  Allgem.  Zeitg.,  March  10,  1872,  Bci- 
lage,  70. 

KOCH,  JOSEF  ANTON,  born  at  Ober- 
giebeln,  Tyrol,  July  27, 
1708,  died  in  Rome,  J;m. 
12,  1839.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  the  Karl- 
Kchule,  Stuttgart;  went 
in  171)1  to  Strasburg,  and 
in  1793  to  Basic  ;  in  171)5 
travelled  on  foot  to  Na- 
ples, where  ho  studied 
from  nature,  and  in  the 
spring  following  went  to 
Koine,  where  he  was  closely  allied  with 
Carstens  and  Wiichtcr,  who  greatly  inllu- 
enced  his  artistic  development.  In  1S12-15 
was  in  Vienna,  where  he  painted  his  best 
landscapes  ;  in  1815  returned  to  Koine. 
Aiming  at  the  regeneration  of  historical 
landscape  painting,  as  cultivated  by  Pous- 
sin,  this  master  stands,  together  with  Johann 
Christian  Keinhardt,  midway  between  Cars- 
tens  and  Cornelius.  Works:  Kape  of  Hylas, 
Polyphemus,  Nansicaii,  Outlook  on  the  Sea, 
Acis  and  Galatea,  Macbeth,  Diana  and  Ae- 
tieon,  Orestes  pursued  by  Furies,  Apollo 
and  Shepherds,  Cadmus  killing  a  Dragon, 
Judgment  of  Paris,  Abraham  visited  by  An- 
gels, Building  of  the  Ark,  Deluge,  Boa/  and 
Kuth,  Hercules,  Kinaldo  and  Armida,  Anti- 
gone and  Polynices  (1800-1812);  Landscape! 
with  >St.  George  (1809),  Augsburg  Gallery  ; 
Sclimadri  Falls  in  Lauterbrunn  Valley  (1811), 
Noah's  Sacrifice  (1813),  Ideal  Landscape  with 
Jacob's  Return  (1810),  Leipsic  Museum  ; 
Monastery  of  S.  Francesco  di  Civitella(1814), 
National  Gallery,  ]3erlin  ;  Vigne  do  Belve- 
dere di  Olevano  (1815),  After  tho  Storm, 
The  Sclimadri  Brook  Falls  in  Switzerland, 
New  Pinakothek,  Munich ;  Italian  Land- 
scape, Sclmck  Gallery,  ib. ;  Falls  at  Tivoli 
(1818),  Darmstadt  Museum  ;  Rape  of  Hylas, 
Balaam's  Ass,  Noah's  Sacrifice,  Stiidel  Gal- 


lery, Frankfort ;  Landscape  after  Storm,  do. 
with  River,  Stuttgart  Museum  ;  Night  Land- 
scape with  Adoration  of  the  Magi,  View  in 
Bernese  Oberland,  Macbeth  and  the  Witches, 
Kuth  and  Boa/.,  Apollo  among  the  Shep- 
herds, The  Tyrolese  Landsturm  of  Ih09, 
Scene  from  Dante's  Inferno,  Fcrdinandeum, 
Innsbruck;  Macbeth  and  the  Witches  (1K29), 
Views  of  and  near  Olevano  (2),  View  on  the 
Tiber  near  Koine,  Basle.  Museum  :  Four 
Scenes  from  Dante's  Inferno  (fresco,  IN'JD), 
Villa  Massimi,  Koine;  Tivoli,  (irotta  Fer- 
rata.  View  near  Olevano  with  Greek  Fig- 
ures, Maria  Maggiore,  Kape  of  Hylas,  Tyro- 
lese View  (lK29-33>;  Diana  Uathing  (1S33); 
Replicas  of  Macbeth,  Apollo  and  Shepherds, 
Noah's  Sacrifice  (I.S34-30);  Kape  of  Gany- 
mede (IS.'iS). — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvi.  :!SS  ; 
Allgem.  /eitg.  (1.S31I),  Ueilage,  51,  3S2  ; 
Andresen.  i.  '.I  ;  Dolmie,  K.  n.  K.  des  XIX. 
Jahrh.,  2  ;  Forster,  iv.  •">'.(  ;  Jlaakli,  Beitriige, 
11  ;  Jordan  (1885),  ii.  l'_"_';  I).  Kimstblatt 
(1S55),  37;  Kunst-Chronik.  \i\.  'J13  ;  Kac- 
/.ynski,  iii.  300  ;  Kelier,  i.  1(i(i  ;  Kiegcl,  i. 
11)7  ;  Si-hack.  Meine  Gciiialdesaminliiiig 
(1SS4),  —  ;  Wur/.baeh,  \ii.  181  ;  /citschr. 
f.  b.  K.,  x.  05. 

KOCKKKT.  Jl'LIl'S,  born  in  Leipsic, 
June  5,  1S27.  History  and  genre  painter, 
pupil  of  Prague  Academy  under  Rubens; 
went  in  1S51I  to  Munich,  where  he  painted 
some  of  the  frescos  in  the  National  Museum, 
and  the  greater  part  of  the  Battle  of  Sala- 
mis,  after  Kaulbach's  composition,  in  tho 
Maximilinneum  ;  likewise  of  Kaulbach's 
Otto  III.  in  the  ( lermanic  Museum  at  Nu- 
remberg. Many  of  his  works  are  owned  in 
England  and  America.  Medal  at  Tejilit/, 
1H71).  Works:  Haroun  al  Kaschid,  Maxi 
inilianeuin,  Munich  ;  Solstice  Festival  in  the 
Alps  ;  Hay-Harvest  on  Chiem  Ijike  ;  Dance 
of  Elves  ;  Hero  and  Leander. — Miiller,  305. 

KOEBEKGEK.     Sec  <'»li,-r<jh>-r. 

KOECK,  MICHAEL,  born  at  Innsbruck, 
Aug.  29,  1700,  died  in  Rome  in  Nov.,  1K25. 
History  painter,  pupil  of  Peter  Delude,  then 
in  Milan  ( 1777-80)  of  Martin  Knoller,  whence 
he  went  as  Imperial  pensionary  to  Rome, 


KOEDYCK 


where  he  became  a  member  of  the  Academy 
of  S.  Luca,  and  in  1814  inspector  of  the 
Papal  Cabinet  of  Mosaics.  Works  :  History 
of  Achilles  (in  14  pictures,  after  which  was 
executed  the  famous  mosaic  table  presented 
by  Pope  Leo  XII.  to  the  King  of  France), 
St.  Paul  before  King  Agrippa,  Ferdinande- 
iini,  Innsbruck ;  Frescos  in  Municipal  Hall 
in  Home. — Hormayr's  Arcliiv.  (1820),  xvii. 
200 ;  Tyrol.  K.  Lex.  (1830),  131 ;  Wurzbach, 
xii.  207. 

KOEDYCK,  NICOLAAS,  bom  in  Zaan- 
dam  in  1G81.  Dutch  school ;  portrait  and 
genre  painter,  after  the  style  of  Pieter  de 
Hooch.  He  was  the  last  good  Dutch  painter 
of  the  old  period,  and  the  favourite  of  Peter 
the  Great  in  Zaandam  (Sardam).  Works  : 
Portrait  of  an  Admiral,  Amsterdam  Muse- 
um ;  Dutch  Interior,  Brussels  Museum  ; 
Man  with  Wineglass,  in  Background  a  Con- 
cert, Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg. — Immer- 
y.eel,  ii.  122  ;  Kramm,  iii.  893. 

KOEHLER,  ROBERT,  born  in  Ham- 
burg in  1850.  Brought  to  America  in  1854. 
Genre  painter,  pupil  of  the  National  Acad- 
emy under  Professor  Wilmarth,  and  of  the 
Art  Students'  League  under  Walter  Shir- 
law  ;  afterward  studied  in  Munich  under 
Lueftz  and  Defregger.  Exhibited  first  in 
National  Academy  in  1878.  Works:  Her 
only  Support  (1883)  ;  Socialist  (1885). 

KOEKKOEK,  BAREND  CORNELIS, 
born  at  Middelburg,  Zeeland,  Oct.  11,  1803, 
died  at  Cloves,  April  5,  1802.  Landscape 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Johannes  Her- 
manns Kockkoek  (marine  painter,  1778- 
1851,  by  whom  there  is  a  Sea  View,  1847, 
in  the  New  Pinakothek  at  Munich),  and 
student  of  Amsterdam  Academy  under 
Schelfhout  and  Van  Oos  ;  travelled  in  Bel- 
gium, in  the  Ardennes,  on  the  Rhine,  and 
Moselle,  visited  Paris,  afterwards  settled  at 
Beck  in  Gelderland,  and  in  1841  founded 
an  Academy  of  Design  at  Cleves.  Member 
of  Rotterdam  and  St.  Petersburg  Academies  j 
in  1840.  Orders  of  the  Lion  (1839)  and 
of  Leopold  (1842)  ;  L.  of  Honour ;  gold 
medals  in  Amsterdam  (1840),  Paris  (1840 


and  1843),  and  The  Hague.  Works  :  Wood- 
Interior  (1840);  do.  (1843);  Oak-Wood  in 
Damp  Weather ;  Landscape  on  Nether 
Rhine  ;  Summer  Landscape,  Winter  Laud- 
scape  (1843),  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ; 
Landscapes  (2,  one  dated  1853),  Ravene 
Gallery,  ib. ;  do.  (1),  Carlsruhe  Gallery ; 
do.  (2,  1851,  1852),  Leipsic  Museum  ;  do. 
(1838,  1848),  Museum,  Amsterdam  ;  Land- 
scape with  Cattle,  City  on  a  River,  Four 
others,  Museum  Fodor,  ib. ;  Forest,  View  in 
Guelders,  Winter,  Rotterdam  Museum ; 
View  near  Cloves  (1840),  Antwerp  Museum  ; 
Marines  (2),  South  Kensington  Museum  ; 
View  on  the  Moselle,  Historical  Society, 
New  York  ;  Dutch  Landscape,  W.  H.  Van- 
derbilt,  ib. ;  Landscape,  J.  W.  Drexcl,  ib.  ; 
Street  in  Antwerp,  M.  K.  Jes- 
up,  ib.;  Landscape,  Market, 
Church,  R.  L.  Stuart  Collec- 
tion,  ib.  ;  Landscape,  J.  T. 
Martin,  Brooklyn. — Cotta's 
Kunstbl.  (1830),  187;  (1840),  301;  D.  Kuust- 
bl.  (1850),  52,  407  ;  Immerzeel,  ii.  123  ; 
Kranim,  iii.  890  ;  vii.  95  ;  Larousse,  ix.  1238. 
KOEKKOEK,  HERMANUS,  born  at  Mid- 
delburg, March  13,  1815,  died  at  Haarlem, 
Nov.  5,  1882.  Landscape  and  marine 
painter,  son  and  pupil  of  Johannes  Her- 
manns, and  brother  of  preceding.  Member 
of  Amsterdam  Academy  in  1840.  Works  : 
Calm  Water  with  Fishing  Smacks  (2),  River 
View,  View  on  Zuyder-Zee,  three  others, 
Museum  Fodor,  Amsterdam  ;  Agitated  Sea, 
Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Sea  on  Dutch  Coast, 
Kuusthallc,  Hamburg. — Immerzeel,  ii.  120. 
KOELBL,  ALOIS,  born  in  Munich,  Jan. 
14,  1820,  died  there,  March  28,  1871. 
Genre  painter,  pupil  of  the  Munich  Acad- 
emy under  Heinrich  von  Hess,  then  of  Bern- 
hard  in  portrait  painting  ;  visited  Italy  in 
Michael  Editor's  company,  and  finally  de- 
voted himself  to  small  genre  subjects. 
Works:  Clerks  in  a  Sacristy  (1852);  Walk 
(1859) ;  Preparing  for  a  Sunday  Walk  (I860); 
Recruit  in  the  Kitchen ;  Palatine  Rudolph  I. 
and  Duke  Otto  in  the  Battle  of  Gollheim 
(large  fresco),  National  Museum,  Munich. 


400 


KOETS 


— Allgem.  (1.  Biogr.,  xvi.  4fifi  ;  Allgem. 
Zeitg.,  April  2,  1871,  Beilage,  92. 

KOETS,  ROELOF,  born  at  Zwolle  in 
165(5,  died  there  in  1725.  Dutch  school  ; 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Gerard  Terburg  ; 
was  much  employed  by  Henry  Casimir  of 
Nassau,  Stadtholder  of  Friesland,  and  after- 
wards by  William  III.,  and  is  s;iid  to  have 
painted  five  thousand  portraits.  Works: 
Portrait  of  Henry  Casimir  of  Nassau,  Am- 
sterdam and  Antwerp  Museums ;  Female 
Portrait,  Lille  Museum. — Immer/oel,  ii.  127. 

KOHL,  LUDWKl,  born  in  Prague,  April 
14,  1746,  died  there,  June  IK,  1821.  His- 
tory  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna  Academy,  of 
which  he  was  made  member  in  ITli'.t,  and  in 
1775  professor  at  the  newly-erected  Model 
School  in  Prague.  Honorary  member  of 
Parma  Academy,  177:3.  Works:  Dido, 
Cleopatra,  St.  Aretius  (17H7)  ;  Virginius 
stabbing  his  Daughter  (I7l>lt);  Adoration  of 
the  Cross  (1770),  Prague  Gallery;  Joseph's 
Dream,  Martyrdom  of  St.  Lawrence  (1771); 
Nativity  (17715);  Madonna  (1775);  St.  James 
(177(i);  St.  Barbara  (177!));  Tarcjuin  and 
Lucretia  (1780)  ;  Death  of  Lucretia,  Solo- 
mon iu  Idolatry  (17K5)  ;  Trinity  (178(1)  ; 
Hannibal's  Oath,  Cupid  and  Psyche,  Temple 
of  Hygeia,  Three  Graces,  Socrates  in  Prison 
(1801) ;  Abstinence  of  Scipio,  Gothic  Church, 
Rittersaal,  Gothic  Tomb,  Schlosskirche  in 
Prague,  Coronation  Hall  at  Prague,  Interior 
of  Schlosskirche  (1803) ;  St.  Bartholomew 
(1812);  St.  Cecilia,  Magdalen,  Catherine, 
John  Baptist,  Susanna,  Joseph  in  Egypt, 
Queen  Zenobia,  Crucifixion,  Entombment 
(before  1818)  ;  Assembly  of  the  Notables  in 
Coronation  Hall  at  Prague. — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xvi.  428  ;  Wuiv.bach,  Biogr.  Lex.,  xii. 
292. 

KOHLER,  CHRISTIAN,  born  at  Werben, 
Altmark,  Oct.  13,  1809,  died  at  Moutpellier, 
Jan.,  18G1.  History  and  portrait  painter, 
pupil  of  the  Dusseldorf  Academy  under 
Schadow,  of  whose  school  he  became  one  of 
the  foremost  artists.  Works  :  Rebekah  at 
the  Well  (1833)  ;  Song  of  Miriam  (1837), 
Cologne  Museum;  Poetry  (1838)  ;  Semira- 


mis  (1843)  ;  Hagar  and  Ishmael  (1844), 
Ddsseldorf  Gallery  ;  Finding  of  Moses  ;  Ex- 
posure of  Moses  ;  Triumph  of  David  ;  Su- 
sanna ;  Romeo  and  Juliet ;  Gretchen  at  the 
Spinning- Wheel  ;  Mignou  ;  Germania  with 
the  Genius  of  Liberty  (184!>),  New  York 
Historical  Society  ;  Semiramis  (1852),  Na- 
tional Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Portrait  of  Ferd. 
Killer.— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvi.  438  ;  Wolfg. 
Miiller,  Diisseld.  K..  34  ;  Wiegiuann,  139. 

KoHXHOL/.  JfLIl'S,  l)orn  in  Bremen, 
March  7,  1S3'.I.  Landscape  painter,  self- 
taught  in  Munich  and  on  travels  in  Italy, 
Tyrol,  and  in  the  Austrian  and  Bavarian 
Alps.  Medal  in  London  (1874).  Works: 
Storm  on  Lake  Constance  (1871) ;  Sirocco 
Storm  on  Coast  of  Genoa- (1872);  Evening 
on  Riviera  di  Ponente,  Traun  Lake  (1S73); 
Storm  on  Italian  Coast  ;  Lake  Garda  near 
Malcesine.  -Miiller,  305. 

KOKEN.  EDMl'ND,  born  at  Hanover, 
June  4,  1S14,  died  there,  Oct.  3d,  1S71 
Landscape  painter,  studied  at  the  Polytech- 
nic School  in  Hanover  and  then  in  Munich 
(lSli(i  44),  where  he  was  especially  allied 
with  Kreling  and  much  influenced  by  Kott- 
mann.  Works:  Great  Wood  Landscape, 
Cottage  on  a  Pond,  Landscape  with  Fig- 
ures, Evening  Landscape,  Street  about 
Christmas  Time,  Twelve  Cartoons  of  Land- 
scapes, Provin/ial  Museum,  Hanover  ;  Sev- 
eral in  Royal  Gallery,  ib.  —  Allgem.  d.  Biogr., 
xvi.  455. 

KOKEN,  Gl'STAV,  born  in  Hanover, 
Aug.  8,  1850.  Landscape  painter,  pupil  in 
Hanover  of  his  uncle,  Edmund  Koken  ami  in 
Weimar  of  Theodor  Hagen.  Works:  Winter 
Landscape  (1877)  ;  Heatli  (187H)  ;  Evening 
Landscape  in  Thuringia  (1879)  ;  Wall 
Paintings  in  Villa  Htlgel,  Hanover.  — Leix- 
ner,  D.  mod.  K.,  i.  58;  ii.  117;  Mailer, 
305. 

KOKEN,  PAUL,  born  in  Hanover,  Jan.  2, 
1853.  Landscape  painter,  son  of,  and  first 
instructed  by,  Edmund  Koken,  then  studied 
in  Munich  under  the  influence  of  Lier  and 
in  Weimar  under  that  of  Theodor  Hagen  ; 
travelled  on  the  Rhine,  in  South  Germany, 


401 


KOLBE 


and  North  Italy.     Works  :  Evening  in  Au- 
tumn ;  Wood  Interior. — Miiller,  305. 

KOLBE,  KARL  WILHELM,  the  young- 
er, born  in  Berlin,  March  7,  ]781,  died  there, 
April  8, 1853.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Ber- 
lin Academy  under  Chodowiecki,  formed 
himself  chiefly  after  the  works  of  Dutch 


painter,  then  painted  historical  subjects  and 
portraits  before  devoting  himself  to  land- 
scape ;  went  in  1857  to  Rome,  where  he 
spent  several  years ;  was  at  Biarritz  in  1867 
and  at  Aix-la-Chapelle  in  18G9.  Member 
of  Copenhagen  Academy.  Works  :  Christ 
at  Enimaus  (1857);  Wood  Section  on  Him- 


masters.  Member  of  Berlin  Academy  in  j  melbjerget  (1800),  Copenhagen  Gallery ; 
1815,  professor  and  senator  in  1830.  Works:  View  in  the  Colosseum,  Temple  of  Vesta, 
Duke  Albrecht  Achilles  taking  an  Ensign  ;  View  on  Lake  Nemi  (1862);  Forest  of  Vin- 
Otto  the  Great  in  Battle  ;  Doge  and  Doga- !  derOd  (18GG)  ;  Rocky  Precipices  at  Moen 
ressa  ;  Battle  at  Fehrbellin  ;  Last  Moments  '  (1867) ;  Rain  in  Oat-Fields  (1870) ;  Spring 
of  Duke  Wratislaw  of  Pomerania  ;  Scenes  in  the  Woods ;  Coast  View  at  Oen  Moeu 
from  Nibeluugen  Lied,  Marble  Palace,  Pots-  I  (1871),  Copenhagen  Gallery. — Sig.  Mtiller, 
dam  ;  Ascension,  Schlosskirche,  ib.;  Modi-  212  ;  Weilbach,  394. 

iwal  Street,  Knights  of  Teutonic  Order  j  KOLLER,  RUDOLF,  born  in  Zurich  in 
(1824),  Marienburg,  Charles  V.  in  Flight,  1828.  Idyl  and  animal  painter,  pupil  in 
The  Dead  Fr<'<lerick  Barbarossa  at  Battle  of  Zurich  of  Ulrich  ;  studied  then  in  Stuttgart, 
Antioch,  National  Gallery,  Berlin  (lent  to  and  one  year  at  the  Diisseldorf  Academy, 
Stettin  Museum). — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvi.  finally  in  Belgium  and  Paris  after  the  old 
4(53;  Kunstblatt  (1850),  177;  (1851),  110  ;' masters.  In  1850-51  he  lived  in  Munich, 
(1853),  142,  380  ;  Rosenberg,  Berl.  Mai-  i  and  in  1856  settled  in  Zurich.  Medal,  Paris, 
ersch.,  25.  2d-  class,  1878.  Works  :  Farming  in  Switz- 

KOLITZ,  LOUIS,  born  in  Tilsit,  April  5,  crland  (1869);  Watering  Place,  Storm  in 
1845.  Military,  genre,  and  battle  painter,  the  Mountains  (1870)  ;  Cows  in  Cabbage 
pupil  of  Berlin  Academy,  then  in  Diisseldorf  Field  ;  Herd  in  the  Alps,  Musee  Rath,  Ge- 
of  Oswald  Achenbach  ;  influenced  by  Karl  neva  ;  Lake  of  AVallenstiidt  ;  Idyl  from 
Sohn  and  Bendemann  ;  took  part  in  the  Berner  Oberland,  Saint  Gall  Museum  ;  Mid- 
campaign  of  1866  and  1870-71,  and  became  day  Rest,  Evening  Landscapes  (2),  Alp  in 
in  1880  director  of  Cassel  Academy.  Medal  Engelbcrg  Valley,  White  Horse  in  Stable, 
in  Vienna  in  1873.  Works  :  Decamping  of  Zurich  Gallery  ;  Stag-Hunt  ;  Cow  and  Calf 
Lansquenets  (1868);  Siege  of  a  City  (186!));  run  astray  in  the  Mountains  (1856),  Berne 
Wood  Border  near  Orleans,  French  Infantry  Museum  ;  Cows  in  Fog  ;  Autumn  Evening  ; 
before  Metz  (1872);  Taking  of  French  Bat-  Cows  with  Maid  ;  Meeting  (1875);  After  Sun- 
tery,  Prussians  at  Mars  la  Tour  (1873);  Bat-  set ;  Four  Oxen  Ploughing,  Dresden  Muse- 
tie  of  Gravelotte,  Uhlan-Vedette,  Great  Army  '  urn  ;  Siesta,  Morning  on  the  Alp  (1885).— D. 
of  Napoleon  in  Winter ;  Scene  from  Skir-  Kunstbl.  (1853),  411  ;  (1857),  227 ;  Kunst- 
mish  at  Veudome,  From  Scene  of  Action  Chronik  ;  Miiller,  306  ;  Zeitschr.  f.  b.  K., 
before  Metz  (1870),  National  Gallery,  Bcr-  xx.  115. 

lin  ;  Funeral  Procession  (1884).— Kunst- !  KOLLER,  WILHELM,  born  in  Vienna 
Chronik,  xx.  749  ;  Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xviii.  j  in  1829,  died  in  Germany  in  1885.  His- 
558  ;  Miiller,  306  ;  Leixner,  Mod.  K.,  i.  51  ;  torical  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Vienna  and 

Diisseldorf  (1851-55)  Academies ;  lived  in 

KOLLE,  GLAUS  ANTON,  born  at  Sand-  j  1856-59  in  Antwerp,  then  settled  in  Brus- 
by,  Laaland,  Nov.  25,  1827,  died  in  Copen-  sels.  A  few  years  ago  he  removed  to 
hagen,  Sept.  2,  1872.  Landscape  painter,  Paris,  but  became  reduced  in  his  circum- 
pupil  of  Copenhagen  Academy ;  went  in  stances  and  went  to  Germany,  where  he  is 
1854  to  Dresden  and  Munich  as  a  scene  |  said  to  have  succumbed  to  privations. 


d 


402 


KOLLOCK 

Works:     Place     of    Refuge;     Emigrants;  at  Borne.    Lived  fit  Interliiken  in  1798-1800. 

Scenes  from  Peasants'  War;    Marriage  of  Works:  The  Staubbach  (1804),  Berne  Mu- 

Archduke  Ferdinand  with  Philippine  Welser;  seum  ;  Interlaken  ami  Uiiterseen. — Allgem. 

Tilly's  Retreat  after  Battle  of  Magdeburg;  d.  Biogr.,xvi.  505  ;  Cotta'BKunstblatt(1822), 

Buptisiu  of  Lutber  ;  Faust  ami  Gretchcn  in  :!44  ;  (18:i2),  212  ;  Goethe,  Ueber  Kuust  uiul 

the  Garden  ;  Sunday  Moruing  ;  Ddrerrcceiv-  Altertbum,  ii.  l:!2. 

ing  Message  from  Margaret  of  Parma  ;  Wed-       KdNKl,  (IL'ST.VV,  born  in  Cobiirg,  April 

ding  Procession  of  Archduke  Maximilian  in  '2,  isos,  died  in  Erlangcn,  April  !!n,  I8<i'.i. 

Ghent;  Philippine   Welser   interceding  for  History  painter,   pupil   of    tlic   Nuremberg 

her   Husband  ;    Charles   V.    at    Fugger's  ;  Art  School  in  ls:ti»-:{2,  thin  of  tin-  Munich 

Emperor  Maximilian  at  Diirer's ;  Departure  Academy    under   Schnorr.      Painted    seven 

for  the   War;  Almsgiving;  Hugo   van    der  scenes  from  Saxon  history  for  tlie  Duke  of 

Goes  painting  Portrait  of  the  Infanta  Marie  Coburg,  and   thenceforth  took   his  subjects 

de   Bourgogne,   New   York    Museum. — Art  prinoipally  from  the  Reformation  period,  an 

Journal    (18(i7),    1)  ;    Journal    des    1!.    Arts  lie    is    also    called    Luthcr-Kunig.      Works  : 

(1K(JO),  144  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xx.  (i05.  Seven  Scenes  from    Reformation   in  Saxony 

KOLLOCK,  MARY,  born  in  Norfolk,  Ya..  (ls:!7,  seq.);  Elector  John  Frederic  at  Chess  ; 

in  1S40.      Landscape  painter,  studied  at  the  Nathan's  Sermon   before  David  (iMill.  New 

Pennsylvania  Academy,  Philadelphia,  under  Phmkothek,    Munich;  Luther  and   /,\\ingli 

Robert  Wylie,  and   in  New  York  with  J.  I'.,  at  Marburg  (ISl^i.  —  Allgem.  d.  I.iogr.,  xvi. 

Bristol  and  A.  H.  Wyant.      Studio   in  New  512  ;     Dioskuren    1 1*7(1),    177:     K.'.rster,    v. 

York;   exhibits   at    the   National  Academv.  104;   Iteber,  ii.  5:!  ;   Regnet,  i.  H4I1  ;   Ehrard, 

Works  :     Midsummer     in     the.     Mountains  (lust.  Ki'mig,  sein  Lelien  n.  s.  Kmist  iF.rlan- 

(187G);    On    the    Road    to    Mount    Marcy  gen,  1870). 

(1H77);     Evening     Walk     (187S)  ;    Coming        K<"iMG.   JOHANN.    tlonrished    at    Aiiu's- 

Home     (18711);     Two-hundred-and-twenty-  burg  about    1liOO.      ( lerman  school,   histon 

year-old    House   in   East  Hampton   (1880);  painter  ;  executed  for  the  town  hall  at  Augs- 

Emi)ty  Chair   (1881);  On   Rondout    C'reek,  burg  n  Last  Judgment,  the  Story  of  Ananias 

Blind  Fiddler  (1882);  Brook  (1881!);  Gatli-  and  Sapphira,  and   three  Allegories  on   the 

ering  Wild  Flowers  (1881).  Manner   of    Killing.      He   often    painted   on 

KOMPE    (Compe),    JAN    TEN,    born    at  agate,    marble,    and    other    stones,   ,:,/.,    the 

Amsterdam,    Feb.    14,    171:?,   died   there   in  Last  Judgment    and   the  Passage  of   the  I- 

17(!1.     Dutch    school  ;    landscape   and   city  raelites   through   the    Ked   Sea.    painted   on 

view   painter,    pupil   of   Dirk    Dalens,    the  both  sides  of  an  agate,   in  (lie   University 

younger  (1688-1753),  but   took  Jan  van  der  Library  at  I'psala.      In  the  Vienna  Museum 

Heyden  and  Gerrit  Berkheyde  for  his  mod-  are  four  pictures  of  the  Seasons,  represented 

els.     Works:  Market   in   Haarlem,    ('open-  by    children    playing,    harvesting,    etc.       If 

hagen  Gallery;  Country  House  near  Ant-  identical  with  the  painter  of  a  series  of  four 

weii)  (l^r>i">).  Street  in  Dutch  City,  Gotlia  landscapes  in  the  Sienna  Academy,  and  with 

Museum;    Landscape    with    Sheep    (1757),  Jacob  Kdnig,  by  whom  arc  four  landscapes 

Kunsthalle,     Hamburg  ;     View    of     Dutch  with  figures  in  the  Gallery  at,  Wiesbaden, 

Gracht  (1740),  Moat  of  Dutch  City,  Sehwe-  and   several  in  the  Sladel  Gallery  at  Frank  - 

rin   Gallery.  — Immerzeel,   i.    144;   Kramm,  fort,  he  was  in  Rome  in  1(513,  and  there  pos- 

i.     258;     Scheltema,     Aemstels    Oudh.,    v.  sibly  a  pupil  of  Elsheimcr,  of  whose  well- 

70.  known  picture  Contento  he  made  a  copy  in 

KONIG,  (FRANZ)  NIKOLAUS,  born  in  I  1C.17,  which  is  in  tlie  royal  palace  at   Mu- 


Berne,  April  5,  17GO,  died  March  27,  1832. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Preudeiiberger 


nich.      By  his  son,  Niklaes,  wlio  flourished 
at    Nuremberg   about    KJOO    (!),    there   is   a 


KONIGGEATZ 


Kough  Sea  in  the  Dresden  Gallery.— Bode, 
Studien,  317  ;  Nagler,  vii.  117. 
KONIGGRATZ,    BATTLE    OF,    Georg 

M-ibtreu,  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  canvas, 
H.  4  ft.  11  in.  X  0  ft.  11  in.  On  a  small  ele- 
vation in  centre  King  William  on  a  black 
horse  with  his  suite,  Bismarck,  Moltke, 
lloon,  etc.,  watching  the  battle  ;  in  fore- 
ground, a  detachment  of  captured  Austri- 
ans  coming  towards  the  spectator  ;  from  the 
right  the  body-guard  galloping  forward  ;  in 
the  middle-ground  a  cavalry  combat  ;  on 
the  height  to  the  left  the  forest  of  Dub,  and 
at  the  right  the  village!  of  Problus  on  fire. 
—Jordan '(1885),  i.  1(5. 

KONIGSWIESER,  HEINHICH,  flour- 
ished second  half  of  16th  century.  German 
school  ;  pupil  of  Cranach,  the  younger,  in 
"\Vittenberg,  whither  he  was  sent  in  1552 
by  Duke  Albert  of  Prussia.  Work  :  Christ 
on  Mount  of  Olives.  Kimigsberg  Cathedral. 
— W.  &  W.,  ii.  433. 

KONINCK,  DAVID  DE.  See  Cnnim-l. 
KOXINCK  (Koning),  PHILIP  DE, 
born  at  Amster- 
dam, Nov.  5, 
101!),  died  there, 
buried  Oct.  4, 
1G88.  Dutch 
school.  Land- 
scape, history, 
and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of 
-  It  e  m  b  r  a  n  d  t. 
Lingelbach  and 

Dirk  van  Bergen  painted  the  figures  in  some 
of  his  landscapes,  which  generally  represent 
extensive  views  with  surprising  truth  to  nat- 
ure and  grand  atmospheric  effect.  Works  : 
Landscapes  (2),  National  Gallery,  London  ; 
Landscape  (long  attributed  to  llembrandt), 
Lord  Overstone,  ib.  ;  Mouth  of  a  Dutch 
River,  Hague  Museum  ;  Landscape  (1070), 
Entrance  to  a  Forest,  Amsterdam  Museum  ; 
Landscape  (1064),  Rotterdam  Museum ; 
View  near  Scheveningen,  Museum,  Brussels  ; 
Landscape,  Arenberg  Gallery,  ib.  ;  do. 
(1004),  Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Daughter  of 


Jairus,  Surgical  Operation  (1650),  Old  Wo- 
man with  a  Pot,  Runsthalle,  Hamburg  ; 
Merry  Skippers  at  the  Inn  (1640),  Schwerin 
Gallery  ;  Portrait  of  the  Poet  Joost  van  Von- 


u 


del  (1050  and  1662).—  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvi. 
535  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  hollandaise  ;  Burger, 
Musees,  i.  53  ;  ii.  181  ;  Iminerzeel,  ii.  128  ; 
Rramm,  iii.  901;  Rugler  (Crowe),  ii.  387; 
Stuers,  65. 

KONINCK  (Koning),  SALOMON,  born  at 
Amsterdam  in  1009,  died  there  after  1003. 
Dutch  school.  History,  genre,  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  David  Colyns  and  Nicolaas 
Moyaert,  and  later  a  follower  of  Rembrandt. 
Became  member  of  the  Painter's  Guild 
at  Amsterdam  in  1030.  Works  :  Young 
Man  Reading  (1030),  Bridgewater  Gal- 
lery, London  ;  Joseph  explaining  Pha- 
raoh's Dream  (attributed  to  Rembrandt), 
Lord  Scarsdale,  Keddleston  Hall  ;  The  Gold- 
weigher  (1054),  Rotterdam  Museum  ;  St.  Je- 
rome, Basle  Museum;  Portrait  of  a  Rabbi, 
Calling  of  St.  Matthew  (1046);  Croesus  and 
Solon,  Berlin  Museum  ;  Old  Philosopher 
(104!)),  Brunswick  Museum  ;  Lady  at  Toilet, 
Turkish  Warrior,  Copenhagen  Gallery  ; 
Hermit  Reading  (1043),  Old  Man  with  Tur- 
ban, Old  Bearded  Man  with  Telescope,  Dres- 
den Museum  ;  David  playing  before  Saul, 
Stiidel  Gallery,  Frankfort  ;  Lady's  Portrait, 
Gotha  Museum  ;  Christ  in  the  Temple,  Old 
Pinakothek,  Munich  ;  Parable  of  the  Vine- 
yard, Old  Man,  do.  in  Profile,  Hermitage,  St. 


5  ' 


Petersburg  ;  Male  Portrait,  Schleissheim 
Gallery  ;  Saul  and  David,  Joseph  explaining 
Pharaoh's  Dreams  (1055),  Vision  of  Zacha- 
riah,  Old  Man's  Portrait,  Schwerin  Gallery  ; 


•W4 


KOXIXGSLOO 


Scholar  in  his  Study,  Stuttgart  'Museum  ; 
Portraits,  Madrid  Museum.  —  Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xvi.  535  ;  Ch.  Blanc,  Ecole  hollan- 
daise ;  Burger,  Musees,  ii.  181  ;  Kugler 
(Crowe),  ii.  393  ;  Quellenschriften,  xiv.  U8  ; 
Stuers,  91. 

KONINGSLOO.     See  Conincxloo. 

KONRAD  VON  SOEST,  German  school, 
flourished  early  part  of  15th  century.  The 
most  prominent  master  of  the  school  of 
Soest,  which  he  raised  to  a  standard  equal 
to  that  of  Rhenish  art.  Works  :  Great  Al- 
tarpiece  at  Nieder-Wildungen  (1402);  Pict- 
ures in  Milnster  and  Soest.  —  Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xvi.  G52. 

KOOI,  WILLEM  BARTKL  VAX  DER, 
born  at  AugustTnusga,  Friesland,  Mav  13, 
17(J8,  died  at  Leewarden,  July  14,  ls:ii;. 
Genre  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Frans 
Swart,  Johannes  Verrier  (1721-117 1,  and 
Hermanns  Wouter  Beckkerk  ( 175(>-'.IC),  at 
Leewarden  ;  in  1804  studied  at  Ddsaeldorf. 
Member  of  Amsterdam,  Antwerp,  and  Ghent 
Academies.  Works  :  Portraits  of  himself 
and  Dirks  Jacobs  Ploegsma,  The  Love  Let- 
ter (1808),  Portrait  of  Johannes  Kobell 
(1811),  Piano-playing  Interrupted,  Portraits 
(3,  1804,  copies  after  Van  Dyck),  Amsterdam 
Museum. — Immerzeel,  ii.  131  ;  Kramm,  iii. 
904. 

KOPISCH,  AUGUST,  born  in  Breslau, 
May  20,  1799,  died  in  Berlin,  Feb.  3,  1853. 
Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  the  Prague  and 
Vienna  Academies  ;  studied  in  Dresden  in 
1819-22,  and  after  visiting  Rome,  Naples, 
and  Breslau,  lived  in  Berlin  in  1833-47, 
when  he  moved  to  Potsdam.  Works  :  Falls 
at  Terni ;  Blue  Grotto  at  Capri  ;  Pontine 
Marshes  at  Sunset  (1848),  National  Gallery, 
Berlin. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvi.  (>l!l  ;  Kunst- 
blatt  (1853),  70,  159  ;  Rosenberg,  Berliner 
Malerschule,  339. 

KORLE,  PANGRAZ,  born  in  Munich, 
Oct.  21,  1823,  died  there,  April  23,  1875. 
Genre  painter,  pupil  of  the  Munich  Acad- 
emy, then  of  Bernhardt  in  portrait  painting; 
went  in  1845  to  Vienna,  where,  through 
study  iii  the  galleries  and  under  Waldmdl- 


'  ler's  influence,  he  was  led  to  take  up  genre. 
Returned  in  1848  to  Munich,  where  he  soon 
devoted  himself  successfully  to  subjects 
from  the  Rococo  period.  Works  :  The  Bro- 
ken Vase,  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Waitress  ;  Ap- 

'  plans*- ;  Consolation;  In  the  Ancestral  Hall; 
Fettered  ;  Angry  Lovers  ;  A  Little  Misfor- 
tune ;  Ladies  making  Music  ;  Cavalier  ami 
Waitress.— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvi.  7(15  ;  All- 
gem,  /eitg.,  May  1,  1875  ;  Kunst-Chronik. 
x.  507. 

KOUNEK,  ALBERT,  born  in  Breslau. 
Jan.  11,  l8l:i.  History,  genre,  and  portrait 
painter,  pupil  of  Berlin  Academv  under 
Kloeber,  and  of  Diisseldorf  Academv  under 
Karl  Sol i n  ;  returned  to  Berlin  in  1*40. 
\\orks:  Faust  and  Gretchen  ;  Jacob  and 
Rachel  ;  Holy  Family  ;  St.  Ann  with  her 
Daughter  Mary  ;  St.  Cecilia  ;  Italian  Woman 
with  Children  before  a  Madonna  ;  Litest 
Despatch.— Miiller,  307. 

KORNKR,   ERNST,  bom  at   stibb.-, 

West  Prussia,  Nov.  :i,  Islll.  Landscape 
and  marine  painter,  pupil  of  Eschke,  later 
of  StelVeck  and  Gottlieb  Biermann  ;  visited 
the  coasts  of  the  North  and  Baltic  Seas,  the 
Hart/  Mountains,  Northern  I1' ranee  ( 1 8(!s), 
Italy  (bSIJ'.t),  England  and  Scotland  (I87:i), 
then  Egypt  and  the  entire  Kast  (1873-74), 
and  Italv  again  in  1870.  Medals  in  Vienna 
(187:i),  and  Philadelphia  (187(1).  Works: 
Douarene/  in  Brittany  (18(111);  After  the 
Storm,  Faraglioni  in  Capri  (  187'J);  Grotto 
in  Capri,  Golden  Horn  (1873);  Sue/.  (1N~I), 
Stettin  Museum  ;  Damascus  (1874 };  Mah- 
mudich  Canal  (1<S7">);  Baalbec  on  the  Leba- 
non ;  Sea  near  Alexandria;  Colossus  of 
Memnon  at  Sunset  ;  Sioot  in  Upper  Egypt 
in  the  Twilight.— Miiller,  308;  Leixner, 
Mod.  K.,  i.  93;  ii.  H',1  ;  Rosenberg,  Bed. 
Malersch.,  341. 

KOSAUEK,  ADOLF,  born  in  Heraletz, 
Bohemia,  Jan.  C,  1830,  died  in  Prague,  Oct. 
30,  185!).  Landscape  painter,  pupil  of 
Prague  Academy  under  Haushofer.  Works : 
View  near  Pardnleit/,  Summer  Day,  In  the 
Woods  (1854);  View  in  Middle  Bohemia, 
Ideal  Landscape  (1855);  Wood  Landscape 


406 


KOSKULL 


(185G);  Cemetery  by  the  Sea,  Winter  Night 
(1857);  Solitude,  From  the  Valleys  of  Ko- 
korschin,  Ideal  Landscape  (1858). — Allgem. 
d.  Biogr.,  xvi.  737. 

KOSKULL,  ANDERS  GUSTAF,  Baron, 
born  in  Stockholm,  Nov.  27,  1831.  Genre 
painter,  studied  at  first  at  home,  then  at  the 
Diisseldorf  Academy  under  Karl  Sohn  and 
Tidemand,  and  in  Paris  under  Couture  ;  re- 
turned to  Sweden  in  1800,  visited  Germany 
in  1802,  studying  especially  in  the  Berlin 
and  Dresden  Galleries.  Member  of  Stock- 
holm Academy  since  18G8.  Works  :  Beggar 
Family  ;  Prayer  at  Church  ;  Peasants  before 
Church  ;  Chimney  Sweep  is  Coming !  Sex- 
ton's Collection ;  Morning  after  the  Ball  ; 
Girls  on  the  Ice  ;  Oblation  at  Church  ;  Sa- 
vovard  in  Prison  ;  Household  Work,  Stock- 
holm Museum. — Miiller,  308. 

KOSSAK,  JULIUS,  born  in  Lemberg, 
Galicia,  about  1830.  Genre  and  animal 
painter  ;  attracted  general  attention  at  the 
exhibitions  in  Lemberg  when  fifteen,  stud- 
ied afterwards  in  Paris  under  Horace  Ver- 
net,  and  became  especially  an  admirable 
painter  of  horses.  Works  :  Horse-Market 
at  Prague  ;  Cossacks  on  the  March  ;  Three 
Pictures  illustrating  the  Polish  Epic  Mohort 
(1850);  Poniatowski  visiting  Mohort's  Stud 
in  the  Ukraine  ;  Potocki  receiving  the  Start' 
Field  -  Marshal.  —  Wur/bach,  Biog.  Lex., 
xiii.  2. 

KOTSCH,  THEODOR,  born  in  Hanover 
in  1818,  died  at  Munich,  Nov.  27,  1885. 
Landscape  painter,  studied  in  Hanover  and 
Munich,  then  from  nature  in  the  Hartz  and 
Soiling  Mountains,  and  about  1800  settled 
in  Carlsruhe,  chiefly  attracted  there  by 
Schirmer.  Works:  Wcser  Landscape,  Land- 
scape in  the  Hartz  (1801) ;  Under  High 
Trees  (1803);  Late  Evening  (1805);  The 
Regenstein  in  the  Hartz  (1800),  Carlsruhe 
Gallery  ;  Road  with  Horseman,  Provinzial 
Museum,  Hanover  ;  Kloster  Michelstein  in 
the  Hartz,  Trees  by  the  Water  at  Sunset, 
Hartz  Landscape,  View  in  Upper  Bavaria 
(1867);  Oak  Hill  with  Outlook  on  Aminen- 
see,  German  Wood  Landscape,  Saw-Mill, 


Evening  in  June  (1874) ;  Woody  Land- 
scape (1877).— Kunst-Chronik,  xx.  252  ;  xxi. 
52  ;  Mailer,  308. 

KOTZEBUE,  ALEXANDER  VON,  born 
in  Kunigsberg,  June  9, 
1815.  History  and  bat- 
tle painter,  pupil  of  St. 
Petersburg  A  c  a  d  e  in  y 
under  Sauerweid  ;  won 
great  gold  medal  in 
1844,  lived  then  in 
Paris  until  1848,  visit- 
ed the  Netherlands  and 
Italy,  and  settled  in 
Munich.  Medal,  Paris, 
3d  class,  1807.  Works  :  Storming  of  War- 
saw (1844)  ;  Storming  of  Schliisselburg  ; 
Battle  of  Poltava  ;  Storming  of  Narva  ; 
Suvoroff  crossing  Panixer  Pass  ;  Episode 
from  Battle  on  the  Trebbia  ;  Skirmish  at 
the  Devil's  Bridge  ;  Crossing  the  Bothnic 
Gulf  ;  Foundation  of  St.  Petersburg,  Maxi- 
milianeum,  Munich  ;  General  Scheremetjeff 
receiving  for  Peter  the  Great  the  Oath  of 
Allegiance  of  City  of  Riga. — D.  Kunstbl. 
(1850),  40  ;  (1857),  02  ;  (1858),  GO  ;  Miiller, 
309  ;  Land  und  Meer  (1870),  i.  27. 

KOWALSKI  VON  WIERUSZ,  ALFRED, 
born  in  Warsaw,  Poland;  contemporary. 
History  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Warsaw, 
Dresden,  and  Munich  Academies,  at  the  lat- 
i  tcr  under  Alexander  Wagner  and  Joseph 
Brandt.  Medal,  2d  class,  Munich,  1883. 
Many  of  his  paintings  are  owned  in  England 
and  America.  Works  :  Battue  in  Poland  ; 
Duel  after  the  Ball ;  Genre  Scenes  from  18th 
Century  ;  Military  Scenes  among  the  Circas- 
sians ;  Episodes  from  the  Fights  between 
Russians  and  Mountaineers  in  Transcau- 
casia; Travelling  in  Russia,  Knoedler  &  Co., 
New  York  ;  Hunting  Scene  (Morgan  sale, 
!  New  York,  1880,  $2,225).— Miiller,  309. 

KOZAKIEWICZ,  ANTON,  born  in  Cra- 
cow in  1844.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Cra- 
cow Art  School  and  Vienna  Academy  under 
Engerth  ;  settled  in  Munich.  Works :  Last 
Moments  of  a  Leader  (1809);  A  Recovery 
(1870)  ;  Grandfather's  Teacher  (1871) ; 


4U6 


KRABBETJE 

Child's  Delight   (1872);  Forsaken   (187:5)  ;  'St.  Cecilia  ;  Rudolph  von  Hapsburgand  tin- 

Preparing   for    Battle    (1875)  ;    Bug-Piper  Priest  ;  Scenes  from   Tasso's  Jerusalem.— 

(187(i)  ;     Artist's    Studio;    Soldier's    Lot;  Allgem.    d.    Biogr.,    xvii.    1'.);    Eitelberger, 

Night-Scene  in  Poland;  First  Steps  ;  Fur-  Kunsthist.  Schr..  i.  lil  ;  Kunstbl.  (1857),  4; 

tune  Teller  (1884).—  Miiller,  liOO.  Wuivbach,  xiii.  IOC. 

KRABBETJE.     See  , I .ss, •///»!.  KRAHE,  JOHAXN   LAMBERT,  born  in 

KRAFFT,  JOHAXN  AUGUST,  born  at  Diisseldorf    in    1712.    di.-d    there    in    IT'.MI. 

Altona,  April  27,  1798,  died  in   Home,  Dec.  History  painter,  went   tj   Itaiv  and   painted 

29,1821).     Genre  painter,  pupil  of  the  Dres-  altarpieces    for    the   Jesuits.      Studied    the 

den    Academy    under    Hartmann,    went    in  antique,    Raphael,   and    the    Carraccis,    and 

1824    to    Munich,    and    in    1825  to  Vienna,  was    made   professor  in   the  Academy  of  St. 

Finally  settled   in   Home.     Works:  Roman  Luke   in   Rome,  and    the  Academy  in   Flor- 

Carnival  (1828),  Tliorwaldsen   Museum,  Co-  ence.      Recommended  in  1755  to  the  Elector 

penhagen  ;  Old  Beggar,  Gallery,  ib.  ;  Scenes  of  the  Palatinate,  he   arranged   the    Diissel- 

from  German  life. —  Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvii.  dorf  Gallerv,  later  also  the  Munich  (iallerv  ; 

15  ;  Andresen,  ii.  1145  ;  Kac/.ynski,   iii.  Iil8  ;  took  a  very  active  part  in   the  foundation  of 

Weilbach,  374.  the   Ddsscldorf   Acailemy.  and  was    its  lir>l 

KRAFFT,  PETER,  born  at  Hanau,  Sept.  director.     "Works  :    Six    Altai-pieces.    Jesuit 

17,    1780,    died    in   Vienna,   Oct.    28,    1851!.  Church,   Mannlieim  ;  The    Virgin   Sleeping, 

History  painter,  pupil  of  the  Hanau  Acad-  Mannheim  (iallerv  ;  Four  Ceiling  Paintings, 

ciny,  and  in  Vienna  of  F tiger  ;  went  in  1802,  Castle   Beiirath,   near  Diisscldorf. —  Allgem. 

with  Schnorr  von  Karolsfeld,  to  Paris,  where  d.  Biogr.,  xvii.  'I'l 

he  became  an  adherent  of  David's  school.  KRAMOLIN,  JOSKF  horn  at  Nimburg, 
In  180(!  he  returned  to  Vienna,  visited  Rome  Bohemia,  in  17ISO.  died  in  Carlsbad  about 
in  1808,  painted  mostly  portraits,  but  did  1800.  History  painter,  studied  in  Prague. 
not  succeed  until  181i!  in  establishing  his  became  in  175s  a  Jesuit  lay  brother  ;  paint- 
fame  by  a  subject  from  contemporary  his-  ed  numerous  pictures  for  Jesuit  churches 
tory.  Member  of  the  Vienna  Academy  in  and  colleges,  and  lived  afterward  in  Cark- 
1811!,  of  the  Hanau  Academy  in  1815;  cor  bad.  Works:  Last  Supper;  Christ  Cruci- 
rector  and  professor  at  the  Vienna  Academy  tied  ;  David  ;  Abraham's  Sacrifice  ;  Joseph  m 
in  182.'! ;  director  of  the  Belvedere  Gallery  Egvpt  ;  John  Baptist  ;  Magdalen  ;  La/.arus  ; 
in  1828  ;  honorary  member  of  the  ('open-  St.  Stephen  ;  St.  Jerome. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.. 
hagen  Academy  in  18Ii'J.  Works:  Land-  xvii.  \\\  :  Wur/.hach,  Biogr.  Lex.,  xiii.  128. 
vehrmann's  Farewell  (18i:t),  Landwehr-  KRAXZBERGER,  JOSKF,  born  at  Rat  is- 
mann's  Return  (1820),  Vienna  Museum  ;  bon.  July  10,  181 1,  died  in  Athens,  Nov.  21',, 
Archduke  Charles  at  Aspern  (1815);  Vic-  1844.  History  painter,  pupil  of  the  Munich 
tory  at  Leipsic  (181(1),  Furstenberg  (iallerv.  Academy  under  Cornelius,  for  whom  lie  c\- 
Donaueschingen  ;  Coronation  of  Francis  I.  edited  the  cartoons  for  the  fresco-cycle  in 
(1822),  Pesth  Museum;  Count  Nicolaus  St.  Louis' Church.  In  1810  lie  went  \\ith 
Zriny  before  S/.igeth,  Francis  I.  giving  An-  Halbreiter,  Claudius  Schraudolph,  and  oth 
dience  to  a  Widow  ( 1837) ;  Archduke  Charles  ers  to  Athens  to  paint  in  the  Royal  Palace. 
and  Suite  (1838)  ;  Meeting  of  the  Allies  He  died  of  the  fever  while  working  on  a 
after  Battle  of  Leipsic  (18:}',»)  ;  Emperor  large  altarpiece  for  the  Royal  Chapel. 
Francis  rowing  a  Man  on  Laxenburg  Pond,  Works:  Altai-piece,  Ratisbon  Cathedral; 
Emperor  Francis  accompanying  Poor  Man's  Birth  of  Christ,  Patriarchs,  St.  I/mis 
Hearse  (1854);  Belisarius  as  a  Beggar;  Church,  Munich  ;  Scenes  from  Greek  War, 
Ossian  and  Malviua,  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  Royal  Palace,  Athens.— Allgem.  d.  Biogr., 
Vienna ;  Manfred  ;  Hermann  and  Dorothea  ;  xvii.  47. 

407 


KRAUS 


gen, 


KRAUS,  FEIEDRICH,  born  at  Krottin- 
East-Prussia,  May  27,  1826.  Genre 
and  portrait  paint- 
er, pupil  of  KOnigs- 
berg  Academy ; 
studied  then  in 
Paris  (1852-54) 
and  Rome  (1855), 
and  settled  in  Ber- 
lin in  1855.  Works: 
Farm  Yard  with 
Children  (1851)), 
llavcne  Gallery, 
Berlin  ;  Children  playing  with  Young  Dogs, 
Stettin  Museum;  New  Dress;  Game  of  Chess; 
Reading  Girl ;  City  News  ;  Sleeping  Girl  ; 
Burgomaster  Six  at  Rembrandt's ;  Potato 
Harvest;  Weekly  Visit ;  Driving  to  Dinner; 
Sebastiano  del  Piombo's  Visit  to  Titian  ;  Ti- 
tian and  his  Sweetheart ;  Morning  Call 
(1872);  Bacchante  Awakening  (1880).— Mai- 
ler, 301) ;  Rosenberg,  Berliner  Malerschule, 
318. 

KRAUS,  GEORG  MELCHIOR,  born  in 
Frankfort,  July  26,  1737,  died  in  Weimar, 
Nov.  5,  1806.  Landscape  painter  and  en- 
graver, pupil  at  Cassel  of  Johann  Heinrich 
Tisehbein,  and  iu  1761-67  at  Paris  of  Greuze 
and  Boucher.  Went  to  Weimar  iu  1775, 
and  in  1780  was  made  director  of  the  Art 
Academy.  Member  of  Vienna  Academy  in 
17(!S,  afterward  of  Berlin  Academy.  Works  : 
Mother  feeding  her  Child  (17(!2),  Leipsic 
Museum  ;  Male  Portrait,  Weimar  Museum; 
Portrait  of  Goethe  (177(5);  Illustration  of 
Wieland's  Oberon  ;  Swiss  Peasant  Houses. 
— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvii.  72;  Nagler,  Mon., 
62  ;  Goethe,  Aus  meinem  Lebeu,  Bk. 


KRAUSE,  WILHELM,  born  in  Dessau, 
Feb.  27,  1803,  died  in  Berlin,  Jan.  8,  1864. 
Marine  painter,  studied  in  Dresden  in  1821- 
24,  then  iu  Berlin  under  Gropius  and  Wach; 
made  his  first  attempt  at  marine  painting  in 
1828,  though  he  had  never  seen  the  sea,  and 
then  visited  Riigen  in  1830,  Norway,  1831, 
Holland  1834,  Paris  and  Normandy  in  1836, 
and  at  last  the  Mediterranean.  Member  of 


the  Berlin  Academy  in  1832,  and  professor 
in  1834.  Works  :  Strand  of  Scheveningen; 
Mouth  of  the  Seine  ;  View  of  Arcona  ;  Re- 
turn of  the  Fisherman  ;  Coast  of  Pomerania 
(1828),  Storm  at  Sea  (1831),  Scotch  Coast  iu 
a  Storm  (1858),  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ; 
Approaching  Storm  (1847),  Ravene  Gallery, 
ib. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvii.  81  ;  Cotta's 
Kunstblatt  (1840),  264  ;  (1842),  103  ;  D. 
Kunstblatt  (1852),  400  ;  Jordan  (1885),  ii. 
126  ;  Rosenberg,  Berliner  Malerschule,  333. 
KRAY,  WILHELM,  born  in  Berlin;  con- 
temporary. Landscape  and  genre  painter, 
spent  some  time  iu  Rome  and  Venice,  and 
then  settled  in  Vienna.  Works  :  Young 
Italian  Woman  with  her  Child  ;  Fisherman 
and  Mermaid  ;  Ave  Maria  ;  Night  in  Bay  of 
Naples  ;  Undine  listening  to  Tale  of  a  Play- 
mate (1879);  Bathing  Women  ;  Psyche 
(18S4).— Miiller,  310. 
KRAYER.  See  Crw;/er. 
KRELING,  AUGUST  VON,  born  at  Os- 
nabriick,  May  23, 
1810,  died  in  Mu- 
nich, April  23,  1876. 
History  painter,  pu- 
pil in  Munich  of  Cor- 
nelius ;  visited  Ven- 
ice in  1847  and  be- 
came, in  1853,  director 
of  the  Art  School  in 
Nuremberg,  which  he 
thoroughly  reorganized  and  brought  into 
great  repute.  Works  :  First  Harvest  after 
Thirty  Years' Wrar  ;  Erwin  von  Steinbach  in 
the  Woods  (1849),  Provinzial  Museum,  Hano- 
ver; Coronation  of  Louis  the  Bavarian,  Maxi- 
milianeum,  Munich  ;  Ceiling  iu  the  Theatre 
at  Hanover  ;  Huguenots  on  Night  of  St.  Bar- 
tholomew, Nuremberg  Museum  ;  Visit  to 
Monastery ;  Monk  as  Painter ;  Monk  as 
Sculptor  ;  Blind  Man's  Buff ;  Education  of 
Wolfram  von  Eschenbach  (1853),  Kunst- 
halle,  Hamburg. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvii. 
115  ;  Illust.  Zeitg.  (1873),  i.  271  ;  (1874),  ii. 
467  ;  (1876),  i.  468  ;  Nagler,  Mon.,  i.  350 ; 
Land  und  Meer  (1872),  No.  5  ;  (1876),  ii. 
735. 


408 


KRELL 

KRELL,  HANS,  flourished  in  Leipsie  in  aw  Crown  Prince,  returned  from  the  Nethor- 

1533-73.     Portrait   painter,   called   by   his  lands  (1802);  The   Elector  haranguing  his 

contemporaries    the    Painter    of     Princes.  Troops  ;  Portrait  of  Wach,  Christ  and  the 

Works  :  Portraits  of  the  Elector  Friedrich  Woman  of  Samaria,  National  Gallery,  Her- 

I.  and  his  Bride  (1534),  City  Library,  Leip-  lin. — Allgetn.   d.   Biogr.,   xvii.    141  ;  Cotta's 

sic.—  W.  &  W.,  ii.  434.  Kunstb.  (1847),   100  ;  Rosenberg,  Berliner 

KREMER,   PETRUS,   born   in  Antwerp,  Malersclmlc,  24. 

May  (J,  1801.     Historical  genre  painter,  pu-        K  K  ET/SC  HM  ER,  (JOHAXX)  HKH- 

pil  of  Antwerp  Academy  under  Herreyns  MANX,  born  at  Anclam,  Ponieranio,  in  1811. 

and  Van  Brce  ;  won  a  medal  first  year  and  History,  genre,  and  portrait   painter,  pupil 

afterwards  all  first  prizes.     Having  formed  from  182'.),  in  Berlin,  of  Wach,   and  from 

himself  after  Rubens  and  Van  Dyck,  lie  vis-  iN.'il,  in  Diisseldorf,   of  Schadnw  ;  went  to 

ited  Germany,  Italy,  and  France,  and  stud-  Rome  in  I8:i8,  visited  Sicily,  and  in   1H40 

ied  especially  the  Netherlandish  old  masters  41  Greece,  Egypt,  and  Constantinople,  and 

iu    the    Louvre.      Member  of  Antwerp  and  in  1.S54-UO  France   and  Kngland.     Lives  in 

Amsterdam  Academies.      Works:  Peter  the  Berlin;   professor  since   ls5(i.     .Joined    the 

Great  at  Zaandam  ;  Mary  Stuart  and  Hi/-  campaigns  of   Isiit  (ill,    1>\-  order  of   Ixing 

zio  ;   Paul   Potter   sketching  from   Nature;  William,    to   paint    battle    pieces.      Works: 

Brouwer  taking  farewell  of  Craasbeek  ;  Jan  Red  Riding  Hood  ;   Cinderella  (Ih3(ii;  Cas- 

Steen  and  Maria  Herkulens  ;  David  Teniers  tie  Yard;  Repast   in   the   Desert;  Involun- 

sketching    a  Village  Festival;  Reading   by  tary   Embarkation;    Caravan    surprised    by 

Vondel  ;  Count  van  Buren  captive  in  Spain  ;  the  Simoom  (1844),  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Gen- 

Duke   of  Alva  and  Bishop  of  Ypern  ;  Van  cral  Sevdlit/ ;  Landing  of  the  ( ireat  (-'.lector 

Dyck's  Deathbed  ;  Brouwer  at  Craasbeek's;  — Prince  Waldemar  (1850);  First   1'leasure 

Lumey,  Count  van   der   Marck  swearing  to  Drive  of  Sevdlit/  as  Page  with  the  Margrave 

avenge   the    Death  of   Egmont  and  Horn,  of  Schwedt,  Sclnverin  Gallery;  The   Black 

Brussels  Museum  ;  Death  of  Jan  van  Marnix  Man;  The  First  Breeches  :  The  Cat's  Child- 

in   Battle   of  Astruweel ;  William   I.  at  Ad-  bed;  Patience;  Country  Physician  ;  <lenre 

miral   de   Coligny's  ;  Daniel  Seghers  in  his  Pictures    from     the    Spreewald    (1870-74), 

Studio;  Don  Carlos  and  the  Great  Inquisi-  Dant/.ig    Museum;     Wedding    at     Gretna 

tor  ;  Jacques  Clement  preparing  for  Murder  Green    (1<S~I'>)  ;    Portraits   of    Mehemet  All, 

of  Henri  III.  ;  Visit  of  Rubens  to  Snyders  ;  Aljbas  Pasha,   Abdul   Medschid,   (/uecn   of 

Poacher  and  his  Son;  Fruit  Market;  Chil-  Greece,  Prince  Frederick  Charles  ami  Suite 

dren  feeding  Birds,  Bruges  Academy.—  Cot-  (1H(!4).     Miiller,   K.  Lex.  d.  Gegenw.,   ;ilO; 

ta's    Kunstbl.     (1840),    301  ;    D.     Kunstbl.  Cotta's   Kunstblatt   (1841).    '21  ;  D.   Kunst- 

(1855),  140;  Immer/eel,  ii.  13li.  l>latt  (185C,),  15;  Racxynski,  i.  '2:2.  \  ;   Kel»  r. 

KRET/SCIIMAR,   JOHANN    KARL  481!  ;      Rosenberg,     Berliner     Malcrsclmle, 

HEIXRICH,   born   at   Brunswick,   Oct.    17,  4N  ;     Wolfgang    Miiller,     Diisseldorfer     K., 

170!),  died  in  Berlin,  March  2,  1847.     His-  :il5. 

tory  and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Johann        KHEUL.  JOHANN   ( !•' 1!  I  K  D  K  I  (' 11 

Friedrich  Weitsch  ;  went  in  178!)  to  Berlin,  KARL),  born  at  Ansbach  in  18dl.     Portrait 

where  he  studied   at   the  Academy   under  and  genre  painter,  studied  in  the  Art  School 

Frisch  and  Meil ;    travelled  through  Ger-  at  Nuremberg,  and  at  the  ago  of  twenty-two 

many,  France,  and  Italy,  and  after  his  re-  entered  the  Munich  Academy.    Had  attained 

turn  became  member  of  the  Academy  in  reputation  in  1830.     Works  :  Baker  examin- 

180G,  professor  in  1817,  and  senator  in  1828.  ing  Coin  (1841 1,  New  Pinakothek,  Munich  ; 

Works:  The  Great  Elector  pardoning  the  Baker-Girls;  Peasant  Women  before  a  Hut ; 

Prince  of  Homburg  (1800)  ;    The  Elector,  Peasant  Doctor  ;    Girl   selling  Cherries. - 


KREUZEE 

Cotta's  Kunstbl.   (1839),   84,    131  ;    (1840),  !  at  Dresden  Academy.     Works  :  Wall-Paint- 
400;  (1847),  1C;  Kugler,  Kl.  Schriften.        j  ings  in  Church  at  Gersdorft'(  1869). — Mtiller, 

KREUZER,  FRANZ,  born  in  Salgen,  '  311  ;  Nagler,  Mon.,  iv.  370. 
near  Mindelheira,  Nov.  12,  1819,  died  in  '  KRIEHUBER,  JOSEF,  born  in  Vienna, 
Munich,  Jan.  25,  1872.  Landscape  painter,  Dec.  14,  1801,  died  there,  May  30,  187(5. 
pupil  of  the  Munich  Academy  under  Zim-  Portrait  and  landscape  painter,  pupil  of  the 
lucrniann,  and  from  1839  connected  with  Vienna  Academy  under  Fiiger  ;  went  in  1818 
the  Xylographic  Institute.  In  1849  he  vis-  with  Prince  Sangusko  to  Poland.  After  his 
ited  America  in  company  of  Robert  Eberle,  return  to  Vienna  in  1822  he  again  frequented 
and  returned  to  Munich  in  1852.  Works :  the  Academy,  was  a  rival  of  Daffinger  as  a 
View  near  Oberandorf  (1863);  Berchtesgaden  miniature  painter,  and  became  famous  for 
(18(15) ;  Around  Schimau  (18GG) ;  Hechtsec  his  portraits  in  lithograph.  His  landscapes 
(1868); Hintersee  (1871). — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  in  oil  and  water-colour  are  truthful  in  con- 
xvii.  144  ;  Knnst-Chronik,  vii.  236.  ception  and  carefully  studied.  He  painted 

KREVEL,  LUDWIG,  born  at  Brunswick,  more  than  seven  thousand  portraits.  Works : 
Sept.  19,  1801,  died  at  Troves,  May  14,  187(i.  Portraits  of  all  the  members  of  Imperial 
Portrait  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  his  Family  of  Austria,  of  most  of  the  Austrian 
father,  Joliann  Wunibald  ;  studied  in  Paris  statesmen,  generals,  church  dignitaries, 
in  1824-30,  and  settled  in  Cologne,  whence  scholars,  poets,  and  artists  from  1830  to 
lie  went  to  Treves  in  18G8.  Works:  Par-  1860 ;  Landscapes  and  Skirmish  Scenes; 
trait  of  Professor  Eduard  d'Alton  (1834)  ;  Storm  in  the  Forest  (185(i),  View  on  the 
Portrait  of  Christian  Rhaban  Ruhl  (1846)  ; '  Danube,  Vienna  Museum.  —  Allgem.  d. 
Emmy,  Mannheim  Art  Union  ;  St.  Sebas-  Biogr.,  xvii.  1GG  ;  Illust.  Zeitg.  (187G),  i. 
tian,  St.  Alban's  Church,  Cologne  ;  Girl  and  454  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  vi.  94  ;  xii.  33G  ;  Land 
Parrot;  Venetian  Fisherman. — Allgem.  d.  mid  Mecr  (1872),  ii.  No.  28;  Wurzbach, 
Biogr.,  xvii.  149  ;  Kuustbl.  (1851),  12G ;  xiii.  219. 
Mcrlo,  244.  KRIGAR,  HEINRICH,  born  in  Berlin, 

KREYDER,  ALKXIS,  born  at  Andlau,  May  7,  1806,  died  there,  July  7,  1838. 
Alsace,  in  1S39.  Fr\iit  and  flower  painter,  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  Berlin  Academy  and 
pupil  of  Laville  of  Strasbourg.  One  of  the  of  Wach  ;  visited  Holland,  Belgium,  and 
best  living  artists  of  his  class.  Decorated  France,  studied  in  Paris  under  Delaroche, 
the  Domidoir  Palace  and  other  buildings,  and  returned  to  Berlin  in  1837.  Works: 
Studio  in  Paris.  Medal  in  1867  ;  2d  class,  Cinderella  (1836)  ;  St.  Cecilia;  Astrologer; 
1884.  Works  :  Offering  to  Bacchus  (18G5),  Knight  and  Shield-Bearer  (1836),  National 
Luxembourg  Museum  ;  A  Spring  (18G9);  Gallery,  Berlin.— Cotta's  Kunstbl.  (1835), 
Applet rec  in  Blossom  (1872);  Vineyard,  138;  Raczynski,  iii.  107;  Rosenberg,  Ber- 
Roses(1873);  By  a  Grain-Field  (1874);  On  !  liner  Malerschule,  3G. 

the  Banks  of  a  Brook  (1876);  River  in  Alsace  KROCKOW  VON  WICKERODE,  OS- 
(1880);  Roses  and  Peaches,  Cherries  and  !  CAB,  Count,  born  at  Thine,  Pomerania, 
Flowers  (1884)  ;  Park  Corner,  Branch  of  March  9,  1826,  died  in  Berlin,  Nov.  12, 
Roses  (1885).— Larousse.  j  1871.  Animal  and  landscape  painter,  pupil 

K1HEBEL,  ANTON  MARIA  LUDWIG,  in  Berlin  of  W.  Krause  and  in  Munich  of  Al- 
born  in  Dresden,  July  24,  1823.  History  bert  Zimmermann  ;  lived  in  Paris  in  1856- 
and  portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Eduard  Bende-  59,  visited  Tyrol,  Switzerland,  Italy,  and 
maim,  and  his  assistant  in  painting  frescos  Russia,  and  settled  in  Berlin.  Works  : 
in  the  Palace.  Visited  Germany,  Belgium,  Rocks  in  Lautesch  Valley— Tyrol ;  Bison- 
and  Holland,  and  spent  some  time  at  Munich,  Cow  defending  her  Calf  against  Wolves; 
Antwerp,  and  Paris.  Since  I860  professor  ;  Bison-Hunt ;  Evening  on  Banks  of  Narewka ; 

41U 


KRODEL 

Wild  Boars,  National  Gallery,  Berlin.— Jor-  painter,  studied  chiefly  from  nature  in  tlio  Ba- 

dan,  183.  varian  Alps,  also  in  Munich  and  DUsseldorf. 

KRODEL,  WOLFGANG,  10th  century.  Gold  medals  in  Berlin,  1876, 1879.    Works: 

One  of  a  family  of  artists  that  flourished  iu  Deer-Hunt  (1804);  Deer-Troop  (1805);  Stag- 

Saxony  through  several  generations.     Prol>-  Hunt   (18(50):    lied- Deer  Hunt,   After  the 

ably  pupil  of  Cranaeh.     Works:  Last  Judg-  Fight  (1S07);  In  the  Morning,  Stags  Fight- 

ment  (1528),  Dessau   Gallery;   Judith  and  ing  (ISOS);  Stags  before   the  Fight,   After 

Holofernea  (1555),  Darmstadt  Museum.    By  the   Fight    (1872);   Deer   in   Ifcech-Wood, 

his  nephew,  Mathias  Krodel,  who  died  in  Koar-Hunt  (1874);   Wood    Landscape   with 

1605,  there  is  a  Male  Portrait  (151)1)  in  the  Stags    (ls7."i|.    Dilsscldorf    Gallery;    Stag 

Dresden  Gallery.— W.   ,y.  W.,  ii.   4:i:!  ;   N'a-  breaking  from  the  Woods,   IWin/ial  Mu- 

gler,  Mon.,  v.  3(51.  scum,  Hanover;   Deer  Gra/.ing  (1*77);  Au- 

KIIOGK  (Krock),  HENDUIK,  horn  at  tumn  Landscape  with  Deer.  National  Gal- 
Flensburg,  July  21,  1071,  died  at  ('open-  lery,  I'.erlin  ;  Winter  Landscape  with  Boar- 
hagcn,  Nov.  18,  1738.  History  and  portrait  Herd;  Iloar-Hunt,  Winter  i  ISTSi;  Deer  in 
painter,  first  instructed  by  a  portrait  painter  Wood;  Scene  during  Pause  in  Hunting, 
at  Husum,  then  studied  in  Copenhagen,  and  File  of  Wild  Hoars  ( Iss-J):  Sta^s  in  Morn- 
in  10!(3  went  with  Count  Gyldenlove  to  Italy,  ing  Fog  on  the  P.rockcu  (1SS5|.  Jordan,  ii. 
which  he  visited  again  in  10!)S  and  1704,  1'JS  ;  Kunst-( 'lironik,  \\i.  (1'J  ;  Miiller.  'Ill  ; 
when  he  studied  in  Home  under  Carlo  Ma-  /citschr.  f.  b.  K..  \.  100  ;  \ii.  (Mittheilun- 
ratti  ;  was  also  repeatcdiy  in  France.  After  gen.  v.  51);  xxi.  ~>'2. 
his  return  lie  painted  many  pictures,  espe-  KRoYFIt,  1'KTKR  SF.VFUIX.  b 
cially  ceilings,  for  the  royal  palaces  at  Co-  Stavanger.  Norway. 
penlmgen,  Hirschholm,  Fre<lensborg,  and  June  24,  1  !•>  5  1  . 
Frederiksborg.  Works:  Meeting  of  Jacob  (ienro  and  portrait 
and  Rachel,  Gallery,  Copenhagen  ;  Last  painter,  pupil  of  Co- 
Judgment,  Palna  Chapel,  ib. ;  Portrait  of  pcnhagcn  Academy, 
Fredcrik  IV.  -Weilbach,  381.  and  in  Paris  of  15on- 

KRONBERG,  JULIUS,  born  at  Karls-  nat;  gold  medal, 
krona,  Sweden,  Dec.  11,  1850.  History  1ST:!,  for  cartoon  of 
and  genre  painter,  pupil  of  Stockholm  Acad-  David  before  Saul 
emy  ;  won  a  prize  in  1S70,  set  out  to  travel  after  slaving  Goliath  ; 
in  1873,  and  has  since  lived  iu  Paris  anil  Mil-  studied  from  nature 
nidi.  Works:  Slumbering  Wood-Nymph;  on  his  travels  in  Hoi- 
Spring;  Queen  of  Sheba. — Miiller,  311.  land,  Belgium.  Spain,  and  Italy,  especially 

KHONBERGER,   KARL,   born  at  Frcy-  in  Southern  Italy.      Medals  :  Paris.  3d  class. 

stadt,  Upper  Austria,  March  7, 1841.    Genre  issi  ;    'Jd   class,    INS  I.     Works:    Daphnis 

painter,   pupil   of   Munich   Academy   under  and  Chloe  (1S~'.I);  Sardinicre  at  Concarneau 

Anschdtz  and  Hiltensperger.     Many  of  his  (1SSO);  Village  Hatter  (1881);  Model  Studio, 

pictures  are  in  America.     Works:  Law  Pro-  Italian  Workmen  digging  in  Fields  (1882); 

ceedings  (1873);    Raree-Show  ;    Politicians  Portrait  of  Mcldahl  (18S2);  Portrait  of  the 

(1874);  Last  Will  ;  In  Great  Distress;  An-  Flower  Painter  Ottesen  ;  Skagen  Fishermen, 

other  Comet,  Harmless  Way  layers  (1875);  Artists'  Breakfast  at  Skagen  (1SS4).— Sig. 

At  the  Baptismal  Feast,   Aunt  is  Coming  Miiller,  IS!)  ;  Weilbach.  380  ;  Xeitschr.  f.  b. 

(1870);  Theft  discovered  Too  Late  (1880).—  K,  xvi.  2!)5  ;  xvii.  275,  352. 

Mttller,  311.  KHUG,     EDOUARI),    born    at    Drubec 


KRONER,  (JOHANN)  CHRISTIAN,  Ix.rn 
at  Riutelu,  Hesse,  Feb.   3,   1838.     Animal 


(Calvados)  ;    contemporary.       History    and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Coguict.      Medal, 


411 


KKttGER 


3d  class,  1880.  Works  :  Good  Samaritan 
(1803);  Communion  of  Jeanne  d'Arc  in  her 
Prison  (18C4);  Vender  of  Silhouettes  (1865); 
Portrait  of  Artist's  Mother  (18G9);  Entomb- 
ment (1870);  Colonel  Langlois  (1876),  Caen 
Museum;  A  Gamin  (1877);  Martyrdom  of 
St.  Philomene  (1878);  Genius  of  Christian- 
ity (1879);  Death  of  Saint-Glair  (1880); 
Symphorosus  and  his  Seven  Sons  con- 
demned to  Death  by  the  Emperor  Hadrian 
(1882)  ;  After  the  Storm  (1881!)  ;  (Edipus 
and  Antigone  (1885). 

KRUGER,  EUGEN,  born  at  Altona,  Dec. 
26,  1832,  died  at  Diisternbroolc,  near  Kiel, 
July  8, 1876.  Landscape  and  animal  painter, 
pupil  in  Vienna  of  Gurlitt  (185"2),  with  whom 
he  visited  Hungary  ;  then  went  with  Adolf 
Schreyer  to  Diisseldorf,  where  he  acquired 
reputation  as  a  painter  of  animals  of  the 
chase.  In  185!)  he  moved  to  Hamburg, 
whence  he  visited  Great  Britain,  France, 
Switzerland,  Italy,  and  Sicily,  returning  to 
Hamburg  in  1876.  Received  a  gold  medal 
from  the  King  of  Prussia  for  his  album, 
called  Wood  and  Gam»,  1860.  Wood  with 
Brook  in  Morning  Fog  (last  work),  Kuust- 
halle,  Hamburg. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvii. 
227 ;  Kunst-Chronik,  ii.  62  ;  vi.  9  ;  xii.  449  ; 
Meyer,  Conv.  Lex.,  xvii.  513. 

KRUGER,  FRANZ,  born  at  Radegast, 
Dessau,  Sept.  3, 
1797,  died  in  Ber- 
lin, Jan.  21,  1857. 
Portrait  and  horse 
painter,  self-taught; 
often  called  Pferde 
(Horse)  Kr tiger, 
for  his  skill  as  a 
painter  of  horses. 
Visited  St.  Peters- 
burg in  1844  and 
1850.  Member  of  Berlin  Academy  in  1825, 
professor  and  court-painter.  Works  :  Parade 
of  Regiment  of  Cuirassiers  in  Berlin,  with 
more  than  100  portraits  (1831,  for  the  Czar); 
Parade  of  the  Guards  before  Frederick  Will- 
iam HI.  (1839),  Homage  to  Frederick  Will- 
iam IV.  in  1840,  Royal  Palace,  Berlin ;  Czar 


Nicholas  and  Suite  on  Horseback  (1834)  ; 
Frederick  William  IV.  with  Suite  (1842)  ; 
Start  for  Chase,  Return,  Horse-Stable,  Dead 
Rabbit,  Sketch  to  Czar  Nicholas  and  Suite 
(1834),  National  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Portrait  of 
King  Frederick  William  IV.,  Stable  Interior 
(1855),  Ravene  Gallery,  ib.  ;  King  Ernest 
August  of  Hanover,  Provinzial  Museum, 
Hanover ;  do.,  and  other  members  of  Royal 
Families  of  Hanover  and  Hohenzollern, 
Royal  Gallery,  ib. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvii. 
227;  Jordan  (1885),  ii.  129;  Kuustblatt 
(1857),  43,  50,  209  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xxi. 
113  ;  Rosenberg,  Berliner  Malerschule,  284  ; 
Xeitschr.  f.  b.  K.,  xvi.  337. 

KRUGER,  KARL  (MAXIMILIAN),  boru 
at  Lfibbenau,  July  18,  1834,  died  at  Gohlis, 
near  Dresden,  Jan.  30,  1880.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy  under 
Ott  and  Richard  Zimmermann,  then  of  Wei- 
mar Art  School  under  Michels  ;  travelled  in 
Germany  and  North  Italy,  and  lived  in  Dres- 
den since  1870.  Called  Spreewald-Kriiger 
from  the  scene  of  many  of  his  landscapes. 
Works  :  Sprccwald  (1866),  National  Gallery, 
Berlin  ;  Mill  in  Spreewald,  Stettin  Museum. 
—Jordan,  187  ;  Kunst-Chronik,  xv.  310. 

KRUSEMAN,  CORNELLS,  born  in  Am- 
sterdam, Sept.  25, 1797,  died  at  Lisse,  North 
Holland,  Nov.  14,  1857.  History,  genre,  and 
portrait  painter,  pupil  of  Charles  H.  Hodges 
(portrait  painter,  1764-1837),  Ravelli,  and 
of  J.  A.  Daiwaille  ;  then  studied  in  Paris 
and  Rome,  returned  to  Amsterdam,  became 
member  of  the  Academy,  and  afterwards  re- 
moved to  Lisse.  Order  of  Lion  in  1831 ; 
Commander  of  Oak-Crown  Order ;  gold 
medal  in  Brussels  in  1851.  Called  the 
Italian  Kruseman  to  distinguish  him  from 
his  cousin,  Jan  Adam.  Works  :  Praying 
Family ;  Sermon  of  John  Baptist ;  Magda- 
len ;  Belisarius  as  a  Beggar  ;  Entombment  ; 
Eece  Homo;  Scene  from  Dutch-Belgian 
War  of  1831 ;  Prince  of  Orange  wounded  at 
Bantersem  ;  Old  W'oman  Reading,  Happy 
Household  (1817),  Departure  of  Philip  H. 
from  Scheveuiugen  (1832),  Devotion,  Of  the 
same  Opinion,  Entombment  (1830),  Amster- 


KUl'SEMAN 


dam  Museum  ;  Male  Portrait  (1820),  Leyden 
Museum.— D.  Kunstbl.  (1857),  424;  Immer- 
zeel,  ii.  138  ;  Kramm,  iii.  911 ;  Larousse, 
is.  1272. 

KRUSEMAN,  JAN  ADAM,  bom  in  Haar- 
lem, Feb.  12,  1804,  died  there,  March  17, 
1802.  History  and  portrait  painter,  cousin 
and  pupil  in  Amsterdam  of  Cornelis,  studied 
then  from  nature  and  after  the  great  mas- 
ters in  Amsterdam  Museum,  and  in  Brussels 
under  David  ;  returned  to  Amsterdam  in 
1825,  was  co-director  of  the  Academy  in 
1831-35,  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  So- 
ciety Arti  et  Amicitifc.  Works  :  Portrait  of 
Czar  Alexander  I.  (1S32);  of  Kings  William 
I.  and  William  II.,  Count  and  Countess  van 
Styrum  ;  Company  of  Dutch  Poets,  Portraits 
of  King  William  1 1.  (1840)  and  of  Adriaan 
van  der  Hoop,  Elijah  and  the  Shunammite 
Woman  (1825),  Young  (Jirl  Resting  (1827), 
Amsterdam  Museum  ;  Christ  and  Woman  of 
Samaria  ;  Prodigal  Son  ;  Cain  and  Abel  ; 
Noah's  Curse  ;  Narcissus  ;  Joseph  and  Ben- 
jamin  ;  Abraham  and  Isaac ;  Shunammite 
Woman  ;  Male  Portraits  (1822,  1848),  Por- 
trait of  Himself  (1844),  Haarlem  Museum  ; 
Landscapes  (2)  (1850),  Leipsic  Museum  ; 
Midday  Nap  (1855). — Burger,  Musecs,  ii. 
1(50;  Immer/cel,  ii.  140;  Kramm,  iii.  '.114  ; 
vii.  97. 

KRUSEMAN  VAN  ELTEN,  H.  D.,  born 
at  Alkmaar,  Nov.  14,  1829.  Landscape 
painter,  pupil  in  Haarlem  of  Lieste,  and 
student  of  nature  in  Germany,  Swit/.erland, 
and  Tyrol.  Continued  his  studies  in  Brus- 
sels, and  settled  in  Amsterdam,  whence  IK; 
moved  to  New  York  in  1805.  Member  of 
Rotterdam  and  Amsterdam  Academies,  and 
of  Belgian  Water  Colour  Society  ;  A.N.A. 
in  1871,  and  N.A.  in  1883.  Medals  :  Am- 
sterdam, 1800  ;  Philadelphia,  1870.  Studio 
in  New  York.  Works  in  oil :  Early  Morn- 
ing in  Woods,  Queen  of  Holland  ;  Well  on 
the  Heath  (1800);  Summer  Morning — Eso- 
pus  Creek  (1807) ;  Morning  in  the  Hart/ 
(1871);  Passing  Shower  near  Pittstield 
(1875)  ;  Windmills -Holland,  Hurlbut  Col- 
lection, Cleveland  ;  Com-tields,  Clearing  Off 


— Adirondaeks,  Grove  in  the  Heath,  Russell's 
Falls— Adirondaeks (1870);  Hillside  (1879); 
Grain  Field — Connecticut,  Summer  in  She- 
Ipaug  Valley  (1880);  Morning  on  River 
Banks  (1881)  ;  Near  the  River,  After  tlio 
Rain  (1882) ;  Midday,  Coming  Storm  (1883). 
Water-colours  :  Sunday  Morning  in  Holland 
(1807)  ;  Meadows  near  Farmington  (1871); 
Evening  on  Long  Island  Sound  (1875); 
Scene  in  Holland,  Autumn  in  the  White 
Mountains  (1870) ;  Morning  near  Gloucester 
-Mass.  (1878)  ;  Bright  Day  in  August,  Old 
Settler,  Slimmer  Evening  ( Iss.j  i.  Sheldon, 
190;  Miiller,  312. 

Ki'CHLKi;.  ALBKKT.  born  in  Copenha- 
gen, May  I'.  IMC!. 
History  and  genre 
painter,  pupil  of  Co- 
penhagen Academy 
u  nder  Eckcrsberg  ; 
received  medals  in 
18±>  and  1X25,  gold 
medal  in  1SL".I ;  went 
to  Munich  in  1H30, 
and  then  to  Rome, 
where  he  became  a 

follower  of  ( )verbeck.  In  1844  he  embraced 
Catholicism,  and  under  the  name  of  Fra 
Pietro  became  a  Franciscan  Monk  (1*">1). 
since  which  time  he  has  painted  altarpiecCH 
only.  Member  of  Copenhagen  Academy 
since  1ST".  Works:  Young  Fruit-Seller  in 
Artist's  Studio  ( 1828),  Copenhagen  Gallerv  ; 
Christ  healing  the  Sick  (1829)  ;  Christ  ap- 
pearing to  the  Disciples  ;  Joseph  relating 
his  Dream  (1833),  Bride  dressed  by  her 
Mother  (1830),  Copenhagen  Gallerv  ;  Family 
Scene  on  Lake  of  N'emi,  Roman  buying 
Priest's  Hat  for  his  Child,  Little  Abbe'  ex- 
amined by  his  Sister,  Family  of  Colonel 
Paulsen,  Thorwaldsen  Museum.  Copenhagen. 
—Sigurd  Midler,  198  ;  Wcilhach.  380  ;  Land 
und  Meer  (1874),  i.  300. 

KFGELGKN,  GEHHARD  VON,  born  at 
Baeharach  on  the  Rhine,  Jan.  (!,  1772,  mur- 
dered near  Losehwit/.  Dresden,  March  27, 
1820.  History  and  portrait  painter,  pupil 
of  /iek  in  Coblent/.,  and  of  Fesel  in  Wflrz- 


413 


KUGELGEN 


burg  ;  went  to  Homo  in  1791,  thence  to 
Munich,  Riga  (1795),  and  St.  Petersburg 
(1799),  returning  home  in  1804 ;  visited 
Paris,  and  in  1805  settled  in  Dresden,  where 
he  became  professor  at  the  Academy  in 
1814.  Member  of  Berlin  and  St.  Peters- 
burg Academies.  Works:  Andromeda  (1810), 
Ariadne  in  Naxos  (18 1C),  National  Gallery, 
Berlin  ;  Christ  and  the  two  St.  Johns ; 
Prodigal  Son,  Dresden  Museum  ;  Moses, 
Christ,  Mohammed,  Leipsic  Museum  ;  Por- 
traits of  Bliicher,  (Ineisenau,  Goethe,  Schil- 
ler, Wieland,  and  Herder.  His  son  Wilhelm 
(1802-07)  studied  at  Dresden  and  Borne, 
and  was  court-painter  to  the  last  Duke  of 
Anhalt-Bernburg. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvii. 
80") ;  Hasse,  Leben  G.  v.  K.  ;  Kaufmann, 
Wider  aus  dem  Rheinland  (Cologne,  1S84), 
3  ;  Kiigelgen,  Jugenderinnerungen  ;  X.  Ne- 
crol.  d.  D.  (1832),  17;  Riegel,  171. 

KUGELGEN,  KARL  FERDINAND, 
born  at  Bacharach  in  1772,  died  at  Revel, 
Russia,  Jan.  9,  1832.  Landscape  painter, 
twin  brother  of  Gerhard,  whom  he  followed 
to  Russia  in  1796.  He  became  court-painter 
in  St.  Petersburg,  visited  the  Crimea  in 
1803  and  1800,  by  imperial  order,  and  Fin- 
land in  1818.  Settled  in  Revel  in  1827. 
Works:  Views  in  Crimea  and  Finland  (85), 
Imperial  Collection  ;  Ten  Ideal  Landscapes. 
— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvii.  307;  Hasse,  Le- 
ben G.  v.  K. 

KUHLING,  WILHELM,  born  in  Berlin, 
Sept,  2,  1823,  died  in  Berlin,  Jan.  25,  188(5. 
Landscape  and  animal  painter,  pupil  of  Ber- 
lin Academy  ;  visited  Switzerland,  France, 
and  Italy,  painted  at  first  portraits,  and  after 
being  employed  at  the  Court  of  Schwerin  in 
1844-52  settled  in  Berlin.  Works  :  At  the 
Brook  ;  In  Autumn  ;  In  the  Meadow  ;  At 
the  Ford  ;  Pasture  (1874),  National  Gallery, 
Berlin. — Miiller,  313  ;  Rosenberg,  Berl.  Ma- 
lersch.,  345. 

KUHNEN,  (PETER)  LCD  WIG,  born  at 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  Feb.  14,  1812.  Landscape 
painter,  first  instructed  in  his  native  city  by 
J.  Bastine,  a  pupil  of  Louis  David,  but  most- 
ly self-taught  by  study  of  nature  ;  painted 


[  at  first  portraits,  and  in  1836  settled  at 
Brussels.  Medals  :  Brussels,  1841,  1845  ; 
Paris,  3d  class,  1846  ;  Bruges,  1850  ;  Oporto, 
1865  ;  Vienna,  Order  of  Leopold,  1856. 
Works  :  Pilgrim  in  Prayer  by  Gothic  Ruin 
(1831)  ;  Burning  of  Feudal  Castle  ;  Even- 
ing Landscape  (1841),  do.  (1846),  King 
of  Belgium  ;  Souvenir  of  Banks  of  the 
Meuse  (1842)  ;  Landscape  (1845),  Brussels 
Museum  ;  "Wooded  Landscape  (1847),  Ra- 
vene  Gallery,  Berlin  ;  Pictures  in  Aremberg 
Gallery,  Brussels,  and  other  private  collec- 
tions.— Immerzeel,  ii.  142  ;  Kramm,  iii.  918  ; 
D.  Kunstbl.  (1852),  389. 

KULMBACH,  HANS  VON,  born  atKulm- 
bach,  Francouia,  flourished  in  Nuremberg, 
died  there  previous  to  Dec.  3,  1522.  Real 
name  Hans  Sucss,  formerly  erroneously 
given  as  Wagner,  then  as  Fuess.  German 
school.  History  painter,  pupil  of  Jacopo 
dei  Barbari,  then  of  Albrecht  Diirer  be- 
tween 1511  and  1513,  and  also  in  1518, 
and  one  of  the  representative  masters  of  the 
German  school.  Works  :  Adoration  of  Magi 
(1511),  Female  Portrait,  Berlin  Museum  ; 
Triptych  with  Saints,  Carlsruhe  Gallery  ; 
Figures  of  Saints  (0),  Old  Pinakothek,  Mu- 
nich ;  Figures  of  Saints  (5),  Finding  of  the 
Cross,  Germanic  Museum,  Nuremberg ; 
Triptych  with  Coronation  of  the  Virgin 
(1513),  St.  Sebaldus,  ib.  ;  Male  Portrait, 
Oldenburg  Gallery  ;  The  Trinity  and  Saints, 
Nativity,  Schleissheim  Gallery  ;  Two  Por- 
traits (1513),  Consul  Weber,  Hamburg  ; 
Four  Scenes  in  History  of  SS.  Peter  and 
Paul  (?  attributed  to  'Schiiuffelin),  Uffizi, 
Florence  ;  Series  of  Scenes  from  Legend  of 
St.  Catherine,  St.  Mary's 
Church,  Cracow.  Others 
in  Gallery. — Allgem.  d. 
Biogr.,  xvii.  363  ;  Forster,  ii.  312  ; 


Keane,  Early  Masters,  135  ;  Kug- 
ler  (Crowe),  i.  176  ;  Quellenschriften,  x.  134; 
Rep.  f.  K,  iii.  213  ;  WT.  «t  W.,  ii.  403  ;  Zeit- 
schr.  f.  bild.  Kuust.,  vi.  329 ;  ix.  156  ;  xi. 
352. 

KUMMER,    KARL   ROBERT,   born   in 
'  Dresden,  May  30,  1810.    Landscape  painter, 


414 


KITNST 

self-taught  on  travels  tlirongh  Tyrol  and  in  I      KUNTZ,  KARL,  horn  in  Mannheim,  July 

Italy,  where  he  studied  in   INIH-UT  ;  during  28,  1770,  died  in  Carlsmhe,  Sept.  H,  lh:50. 

that  period  he  also  visited  Dalmatia,  Slavo-  Landscape   and   animal   painter,    pupil    of 

nia,  and  Croatia,  and  settled  in  Dresden  in  Mannheim    Academy    under    R..nger    mid 

1843;   visited   Scotland    in    1851,  Portugal  Ojiaglio  ;  went  in   17!»0  to  Switzerland  and 

in  1859,  Egypt  in  18IJ7,  and  frequented  the  Milan,   and   in    1805   became  court-painter, 

Alps.     Honorary  member  of  Dresden  Acad-  and  in  182!>  director  of  the  Gallery  in  Carls- 

emy  in  1847,  professor  in  185'.t.     Bavarian  ruhe.       Works:    Pasture    (1824),    National 

Order  of  Michael,  Prussian   Order  of  Red  Gallery,  Berlin;  Landscape,  Cattle  Pieces  (21 

Eagle.       Works:    Hungarian   Steppe:    Cat-  Cattle    Market,    Carlsruhe    Gallery;    Lmd- 

tivro  ;  View  from  Montenegro  into  Albania;  scapes  \\ith  Cattle  ('.\,  1802,  1815),  Peasants 

Lake   of  Scutari  ;   Castle   Cintra:    Lisbon  ;  Kmbarking  on  l<akc,  New   Pinakotliek,  Mu- 

Storni    on    Coast    of    Palermo;     Views    on  nidi;  others  in   Mannheim  Gallery,  and  in 

Scotch  Coast  ;   View  near  Arisaig,  Scotland,  Paris   and   St.    Petersburg.       His   sons  and 

Dresden   Gallery;   Sunset   in   the  Hebrides,  pupils.     Rudolf    (IT'.I*    IMS     Baden    court- 

Swiss  Landscape,  Leipsic  Museum.  —  Illustr.  painter  in  18150)  uml  Ludwig  (born  in  1*1(1). 

/eitg.  (18(i!)),  ii.  'Ml  ;   Kaulen,   •_".!  ;   Miiller.  were  both  able  artists  in  the  same  line.     By 

Jill}.  Rudolf  there  arc  in  the  Carlsruhe  Gallery  : 

KL'NST,    COKNF.LIS   CORNKLIS/EN,  View  of  Stutensee   Hunting  Lodge,  Animal 

born   in    Leyden  in    1  I'M,  died  in  IJniges  in  Piece,    Horses  Watering,    Horse    Race   near 

1511.     Dutch  school.     History  ami  portrait  Itl'e/heim.— -Allgem.    d.     Hiogr. ,    xvii.   IW7  ; 

]>ainter,  son    and  pupil   of   Cornelis    Kngel-  lirockhaus,  x.  (»74  ;   Cotta's  Knnstbl.  (  ls:!0i, 

breclitsen  ;  was   one   of   the   best   artists  of  :>!(>. 

his  native  city  ;   moved  afterwards  to  Bruges,  KITKLWIKSKR,    LKOl'OLl),    born    at 

where  his  works  are  highly  esteemed.     Had  Piesting.  Nether  Austria,  Oct.  17.  I7'.Mi,  died 

a  brother  Lucas,  surnamed  Kok  (Cook),  who,  in  Vienna,  Nov.   17.   lst>2.      History  painter, 

also  a  pupil  of  liis  father,  went  to   Kngland.  pupil  of  the   Vienna  Academy;   studied    at, 

Works:  Christ  bearing  the  Cross,  Sorrow  of  Dresden  in  lull!    IS,  and  after  having  estab- 

Marv,  Descent    from    the    Cross  (all  in  Ley-  lished  his  reputation   by  a   life-sixe   portrait 

den).  —  Allgem.  d.  JJiogr.,  xvii.  I58S  ;  Immer-  of  the  Emperor  Francis,  visited  Italy  in  Isi'l 

zeel,  ii.  14'!  ;   Kralnni,  iii.  1)21  ;  Van  Marnier,  'J5.      (''.specially  attracted    by  the  works  of 

1.  !)!).  I'Ya  Angelico,  he  devoted  himself  entirely  to 
KUN'L'/,    Gl'STAV,  born   at    Wildenfels,  religious  art,  and  after  liis  return   home  ex- 
Saxony,  Feb.  17,   184:i,  died  in  Rome,  April  edited  numerous  altarpieces  for  churches  in 

2,  187!).      Genre  painter,  pupil  in  Vienna  of  Austria,    Bohemia,    and    Hungary,    besides 
Angeli,  who  in  1871  met  him  in  Rome,  where  fresco   paintings  in  Viennese  churches  and 
Hunt/  worked  as  a  sculptor  ;  lived  in  Wei-  otlicial  buildings.     He  co-operated  with  Fiili- 
mar    in    1871-72,    then    visited    Kngland,  rich  in  promoting  religious  art  tendencies. 
France,   Holland,  and  Belgium  ;   lived  from  From  18IJO  corrector,  and  from  18157  profes- 
18715  in  Vienna,  and  in  1877  settled  in  Rome,  sor,  at  the  Academy;  member  of  most  of  the 
Medal    in    Philadelphia    in    187C.     Works:  Knropean   Academies,    and   received    many 
Nun  in  Contemplation   (187(i),  Roman  Pil-  decorations   and    honours.      Works  :  Cruet- 
grim  (1878),  do.  Praying,  Dresden  Museum:  lixion  :  Ascension  ;  Austria  surrounded  by 
Document  Thief  ;  Denied  Absolution  ;  The  Symbolical  Figures  ;  Assumption  ;  Birth  of 
Widow's  Mite  ;  Italian  Pilgrims  (1877),  Na-  Mary;  Moses  praying  for  Victory  (1836),  Vi- 
tional  Gallery,   Berlin.— Jordan    (1885),   ii.  enna    Museum;    Prophecy    to    the   Three 
132 ;    Kunst-Chronik,    \iv.    525  ;    Lcixiier,  Youths  Adalbcro,   Altmaim,   and   Gebhard 
Mod.  K,  ii.  (JG.                                                  |  (185G),  New  Piuakothek,  Munich  ;  Auuuuci- 


KUPETZKY 


ation;  frescos  in  Lcrchenfcld  Church,  Vienna. 
— Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvii.  405  ;  Dioskuren 
(1802),  384  ;  Kuuslbl.  (1854),  404  ;  (1856), 
174  ;  (1857),  190  ;  Wurzbach,  xiii.  392  ; 
Raczyuski,  ii.  553. 

KUPETZKY  (Kopecky),  JOHANN,  born 
at  Poesing,  Upper  Hungary,  in  Ki07,  died 


Museum. — Allgem.  d.  Biogr.,  xvii.  408  ;  Dla- 
bacz,  ii.  100  ;  Fiissli,  Leben  des  Geo.  Phil. 
Rugendas  u.  des  Joh.  Kupeczky  (Ziirich, 
1758)  ;  Kugler  (Crowe),  ii.  552  ;  Lipowsky, 
i.  167,  193  ;  Wurzbach,  xiii.  396. 

KUPPELMAYER,    RUDOLF,    born    at 
Kaufbeuren  in   1843.     Genre  and  portrait 


in    Nuremberg,    June    4,    1740.      German   painter,  pupil  of  Munich  Academy,  where 
school.     History  and  portrait  painter,  pupil   he  took  Kaulbach  for  his  model ;  studied 


of  the  Swiss  painter  Klaus  in  Vienna,  whence 
he  went  to  Venice  and  Rome  to  study  Cor- 
reggio,  Guido,  and  Titian.  After  living  in 
Italy  twenty-two  years,  he  went  upon  invi- 
tation of  Prince  Adam  von  Liechtenstein  to 
Vienna,  where  he  won  the  favour  of  Joseph 


then  for  two  years  in  Nuremberg  under 
Kreling,  lived  in  Italy,  especially  at  Venice, 
in  1869-72,  and  settled  in  Munich.  Med- 
als in  Vienna  (1873)  and  London  (1874) ; 
Order  of  Michael  (1876).  Works  :  Portrait 
(1872)  ;  Italian  Concert  (1873) ;  Drunken 


I.,  Charles  VI,  and  of  Prince  Eugene  of  Soldiers  in  Thirty  Years'  War  ;  After  the 
Savoy,  and  became  popular  as  a  portrait  Bath  (1876);  Farewell  of  Duke  Albrecht  IV. 
painter.  Later  he  went  to  Nuremberg.  He  :  (1879).  —  Miiller,  314. 

was  a  capital  draughtsman,  and  a  powerful  KURELLA,  LUDOVIK  VON,  born  in 
though  often  heavy  colourist.  Works  :  Por-  Warsaw,  Aug.  13,  1836.  History  painter, 
trait  of  Peter  the  Great,  Artist  and  his  Son,  pupil  of  Warsaw  Academy,  studied  then  in 
Himself  at  the  Easel,  King  Augustus  of  Po-  Dresden  under  Schnorr  and  in  Munich  un- 
land.  A  Hungarian  Magnate,  Two  Female  der  Kaulbach  ;  went  to  Rome  and  visited 
Portraits,  Male  Portrait,  Two  Head  Studies,  Paris,  Brussels,  Antwerp,  and  Berlin,  where 
Brunswick  Museum  ;  Portrait  of  Himself,  he  was  influenced  by  Cornelius  ;  returned 
Darmstadt  and  Dresden  Museums  ;  do.,  and  to  Munich,  and  studied  at  the  Academy 
Portrait  of  Rakoezy,  Gotha  Museum  ;  Male  under  Ramberg.  Most  of  his  works  are 
Portrait  (of  himself?),  Kunsthalle,  Ham-  bought  in  England.  Works:  Death  of 
burg  ;  Old  Woman  with  Letter,  Leipsic  ,  Moses  ;  Ferry  in  Poland  ;  Goldfish  ;  Swite- 
Museuiu  ;  Lady's  Portrait,  Old  Pinakothek,  zianka  ;  Polish  Market  (1875).  —Miiller, 
Munich  ;  Artist's  Portrait,  Milan  Academy  ;  314. 

do.  (2),  and  Portrait  of  Rakoczy,  A  Boy,  and  KURT/,  KARL,  born  in  Stuttgart  in 
Male  Portraits  (4),  Germanic  Museum,  Nu-  1817.  Portrait  and  genre  painter,  pupil  of 
remberg  ;  Dutch  Genre  Pieces  (2),  Artist  '  Stuttgart  Art  School  and  of  Vienna  Acad- 
and  his  Son,  Artist's  Wife,  Count  Zinzeu-  cmy  under  Danhauser  ;  visited  Hungary, 
dorf,  Man  in  Armour,  Town-hall,  ib.  ;  Bishop  Rome,  Venice,  Milan,  and  Florence  (1842- 
Baron  von  Hutten,  Artist  and  his  Son,  44),  also  France  and  Belgium  ;  lived  in 
Schleissheim  Gallery  ;  St.  Peter,  Artist's  ,  Munich  in  1844-45,  in  Dresden  and  Berlin 
Portrait,  Schwerin  Gallery  ;  Portraits  of  |  in  1846,  then  visited  England  and  Holland, 
himself  and  of  his  wife,  Stuttgart  Museum  ;  afterwards  repeatedly  France  and  Italy,  and 
A  Lady  with  her  Boy,  Artist  before  Easel  in  1848  became  professor  at  the  Polytech- 
(1700),  Museum,  Vienna  ;  Mythological  Sub-  nic  in  Stuttgart.  Gold  medal,  1853  ;  medal, 
jects,  Saints,  and  Portraits,  Liechtenstein  1859  ;  Order  of  Frederic.  Work  :  Portrait 

Gallery  and  !  of  King  William  I.  (1853).—  Midler,  314. 

mother  pri-       KURZBAUER,    EDUARD,    born   in  Vi- 


vate  galler-  euna,  May  2,  1840,  died  in  Munich,  Jan.  13, 
ies,  ib.  ;  Portraits  (10-12),  National  Museum,  1879.  Genre  painter,  pupil  of  the  Vienna 
Pesth  ;  Prince  Eugene  of  Savoy,  Versailles  Academy  in  1857-61,  and  in  Munich  of  Pi- 


KCKZIXGER 

loty  in  1868-70.    His  pictures  show  unusual  his  pictures  anil  opened  the  road  to  success, 

powers   of  invention  and  characterization,  Medals:  3d  class,  1841,  1861,  1863;  L.  of 

with  fine  qualities  of  Honour.     Works:  Landscape  (1K35);  View 

colour.    Works  :  The        f^^^B  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  (1837);  Chamois-Hunting 

Story-Teller  (1867);  %jjE  (1840);  View  of  Villeneuve  Saint -George 
Fugitives  Overtaken  |p3F  -J9^  (1841) ;  View  of  Machemont  (1842) ;  River 
(1868),  Vienna  Muse-  V\  <J  Yi-res  (1844);  Views  of  Ermeuonville(  1845) ; 
um  ;  Rejected  Suitor  V^^^S;  Souvenir  of  South  America  (184G) ;  View  of 
(1871);  Old  Mother  ;  A^TJfctf  Guayaquil  (1S47)  ;  View  of  Tr.-port  (184S)  : 
Rural  Feast  (1873),  ^^gL^JsSPl^-  Environs  of  Grenoble  (1852) ;  View  in  Co- 
New  Hnakothek,  Mu-  ^V^  3  rinthia  (1S57);  Valley  ..f  Aliens  (1H5'.I); 
nich  ;  First  Picture-  Ch'ft^f  Flam  borough  Head  (1861)  ;  Cliffs  of 
Book,  Stuttgart  Mu-  \  Scotch  Coast  (1863)  ;  Return  from  Hunting 
Kcinn ;  A  Stormy  Uetrothal-Day,  Tasting  |1N<!1):  Moro  Castle  (lsi;5i;  Cordilleras 
Wine,  Groundless  Jealousy  (1S74);  Sunday  near  Santiago  (1S66) ;  ClilTsmi  the  Mcditer- 
Sportsman,  Before  Election,  Christinas  Tree,  rancan  (ISIJT);  Souvenirs  of  Suit/.erland 
Fortune-Teller(1875);ThcFirstStep(1877);  (ixiisi  ;  Tin-  Ksd-elle  after  a  Storm.  View  in 
The  Dispute  (1877),  W.  T.  Walters.  IJalti-  the  <  'ordilleras  ( l,sr,!t|  ;  Knviroiis  of  Valauris 
more  ;  Spinning  Room  in  Black  Forest,  Dres-  (1S7(>);  View  in  tiie  Tvrol  (l*7:j|;  Hohcn- 
den  Gallery ;  Calumny  (IS7S);  Small  Wash-  berg  (ls7:ii  ;  Huts  of  South  American  In- 
ing  ;  Wreath  Binders  ;  Before  the  Funeral,  diai:s,  Sea  View  ( 1ST  1)  ;  Itoeks  of  StocKstVI 
Vienna  Museum. —  Allgem.  d.  Uiogr.,  xvii.  sen-Tyrol,  Glacier  of  r'riolay  ( Is7(i)  ;  View 
431;  Illustr.  /eitg.  (1*7S).  i.  l.'>i;  ;  \.  ill.  in  the  Canton  of  Grisons  (  |S77i.  His  son 
Xeitg.  (1881),  i.  Ili.  1HI  ;  Kunst-Chronik.  and  pupil,  Charles  Kuphraise,  horn  at  l)ra- 
viii.  4'!C>  ;  xiv.  302  ;  Xeitschr.  f.  1>.  1\.,  i\.  3°J  ;  veil  (Seine-et-Oisc-),  juipil  al-o  of  Durand- 
\\.  ").")(;  ;  (Mittheilungen,  ii.  41);  do.,  x.  IJrager,  ]>aints  landscapes,  city  \iews.  and 
(ili.  1).  sea-ports.  I'.i  llii  r,  i.  S.~>S  ;  (in/.,  des  15.  Arts 

KURZIXGER,  MARLVNNK,  born  in  Mu-  ilsiil),  xi.   I'.M  ;  (isuci,  x\i.  52;  Larousse  ; 

nich   in   1770,  died   in    isii'.l.      History  and  \Vurxbach,  xiii.  43(>. 

genre  painter,  daughter  and  pupil  of  Franz  ,      KUVCK,  (•IKANi   I,()IIS  VAN,  bom  in 

Kfir/.inger   (history  painter,  1730-1X)),   then  Antwerp  in  1S21,  died  there  in  1S75.      Ani- 

studied  under  Jakob  Dorner  with  such  sue-  mal  ]iainter,  pupil  of  Antwerp  Academy  un- 

cess  that  she  was  called  the  Angelica  Kauff-  der  Van  Bree  and  Wappcrs  ;  painted  at  tirst 

man  of  Bavaria.      She  married  the  actor  and  genre   scenes.     Gold   medal  in   Brussels  in 

singer,  Johann  Kunz,  in  Munich.      Works:  18(1(1.      Works:   Flemish   Inn    \ard;  Horuo 

Circassian  Woman   introduced   to  the  Sul-  Stable    (1S51I),    Kunsthalle,    Hamburg;  do. 

tan;    Circassian  Woman  Dressing;    Death  !  (1852),  New  1'inakothek,  Munich;  Dcpart- 

of   French  Grenadier   Latour  d'Auvergne  ;  lire  for  the  Fields  (1870),  Antwerji  Muaeuui. 

Christ  on  Mount  of  Olives. — Lipowsky.  —Art  Journal  (1S66),  335. 

KUWASSEG,    HAUL,   born    in    Trieste,  KUYP.     See  CKI/II. 

March  16,  1802,  died  in  Paris,  Jan.,  1877.  KUYTENBROUWER,  MAUTIXUS  AN- 

Landscape  painter,  pupil  of  Grat/  Academy  TONIUS,  born  at  Amersfoort,  Holland,  Nov. 

under  Stark  ;  painted  in  water-colours  in  Vi-  21,1821.     Landscape  and  animal  painter, 

enna,  and  after  travelling  with  Count  Schom-  first  instructed  by  his  father,  a  skilful  dilet- 

burg  in  Southern  Europe  and  in  America  tante  ;  completed  his  studies  during  travels 

went  to  Paris,  where  he  became  a  natural-  in  Belgium  and  France,  and  settled  in  Brus- 

ized  Frenchman.     About  1835  Louis  Phil-  sels.     Court-painter  and  member  of  Amster- 
ippe  and  Baron  Itothschild  bought  some  of ,  dam  Academy.     Oflicer  of   Order  of   Oak 

417 


KYIIN 


Crown.  Works  :  Stags  after  Fight ;  Great 
Wood-Landscape  (1855)  ;  Stag  Hunt  (185G), 
Brussels  Museum  ;  Maternal  Love,  Little 
Crab-Catchers  (18G2)  ;  Stags  Fighting;  St. 
Bernard  Dog  and  Badger  Dog  ;  The  Dragon- 
nades  under  Louis  XIV. ;  Sunset  Landscape 
with  a  Train  of  Cavaliers ;  Huguenots  taking 
Refuge  in  the  Woods ;  View  in  Forest  of 
Fon tainebleau,  Rotterdam  Museum  ;  Cuiras- 
siers on  their  Way  to  Fontaineblcau  ;  Two 
Hunting  Pieces  in  Costumes  of  16th  Cen- 
tury ;  Stag-Hunt  in  16th  Century  ;  Chase  in 
Forest  near  Ghent  (185fi)  ;  Stag  and  Hind 
in  Moonlight  (1870) ;  Herd  of  Stags  (1873)  ; 
Fox  Terrier  (1880).— Kranim,  iii.  923 ;  vii. 
97;  Miiller,  314;  Nagler,  Mon.,  iv.  504. 

KYHX,  (PETERf  VILHELM  (KARL), 
horn  in  Copenhagen,  March  30,  1819.  Land- 
scape painter,  pupil  of  Copenhagen  Acad- 


emy ;  member  in  1870  ;  visited  France  and 
Italy  in  1850.  Works :  Coast  on  Isle  of  Born- 
holm  (1843),  Aarhus 
Museum ;  Coast  at  Sun- 
set after  Rain,  Ruins  of 
Hammershus  Castle 
(1844) ;  Frederiksborg 
Castle,  Woods  in  the 
Spring  (1845)  ;  View 
„  near  Jaegerspris  (1848), 
Winter  Evening  in  the 
Woods  (1853),  Coast 
View  near  Taarbeck 
(1855),  View  near  Horsens  (1858),  Summer 
Evening  (18G3),  Summer  Day  (1869),  Late 
Summer  Evening  in  Jutland  (1874),  Copen- 
hagen Gallery ;  Winter  Afternoon  on  the 
Sound  ;  Moonlight  Landscape  (1876). — Si- 
gurd Miiller,  204;  Weilbach,  389. 


•us 


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Champlin,   John  Denison 
30  Cyclopedia  of  painters 

C44  and  paintincs 

I 
v.2