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I
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FROM THE FUND OF
FREDERICK ATHEARN
LANE
OF NEW YORK
(CUsa of 1849)
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fan gtit^'s
i^pntitit af Jnirgt,
Ot,
^{mam 4 C!iom(imtt
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gait puferel's
ax,
IN THE KENTISH DIALECT, 1340 A-D.
EDITED FROM THE AUTOGRAPH MS. IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM, WITH AN
INTRODUCTION ON THE PECULIARITIES OF THE SOUTHERN DIALECT
AND A QLOSSARIAL INDEX,
BT
RICHARD MORRIS, ESQ.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED FOB THE BABLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY,
BJ N. TEtJBNEB & CO., 60, PATEENOSTEB BOW.
/^'^ '"^'iNU FOR THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY, BY
ASHER & CO., LONDON AND BERLIN.
XDCCCLZYI.
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FEB 4 1882
BOUiNP DEC 6 1909
JOHK CHILDe AND BON, FRINTSBB.
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PREFACE.
About the same time that Eichard Rolle the hermit completed
the Pricke of Conscience for the use of his unlearned countrymen in
the North of England, Dan Michel, of Northgate, Kent, furnished
the Southern folk with a devotional manual, hearing the quaint hut
thoroughly EngEsh title of the Ayenhite of Inwyt (the again-hiting
of the inner wit), or the Bemorse of Conscience.
The Pricke of Conscience is, as its author tells us, drawn
out of divers books, hut the Ayenhite of Inwyt is a literal trans-
lation of a French treatise, entitled Le somme des Vices et de Vertues,
and sometimes, but incorrectly, styled Ld libres roiavx de Vices et de
Vertus ; Le livre des Commandemens ; La somme le roi ; Le miroir
du monde. It was composed in the year 1279 for use of Philip
the Second of France, by Frere Lorens (or Lauientius Gallus, as he
is designated in Latin), of the order of Friars Preachers.'
Two copies of the French treatise are preserved in the British
Museum collection — Cotton MS., Cleopatra, A v., and Royal MS.,
1 9, c. n., the former of which has been frequently consulted and found
useful in explaining some few difficulties in the English text
Mr Stevenson notices two English prose versions much later than
the one here printed.
The earlier copy, written in a Mdland dialect about the year
1400, or perhaps a little earlier, is contained in Additional MS. 17013,
> Ko intimatioii of this is given in tlie Translator's preface. He speaks of the
work as his own production. See pp. 1, 262. Mr Bond, of the British Museum, found
it to he a translation, and pointed out to the Editor of the Roxhurgh Cluh the MSS.
containing the original French Tersion. (See Ayenhite of Inwyt, p. rii-ix, edited
hy the Re? Jot. Stevenson, M.A., 1865.)
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PREFACE.
and ifl entitled \)e hoc of vicee and verttiea. The other, in the Bod-
leian Libraiy, MS. 283 (fonnerly MS. E. 7.7), may be referred to
about the year 1440, or perhaps a little later, and is entitled The
mirrour of ths worlde thai some caUeth vice and verhu
The next prose yersion was made by Caxton, who calls his work
The book royal ^ or Ths hook for a kyng,^
It was probably suggested by Chaucer^s Personei Tale, which is an
adaptation of some chapters of the French treatise,' to which it is of
course much superior. The poet has introduced much original matter,
as in the chapter on Pride, where he speaks of " inordinate scantiness
and superfluity of clothing," and his treatment of the subject differs
considerably firom his author : thus Chaucer makes the remedium in
each case immediately follow the description of any particular sin.
Fr^re Lorens treats the remedia separately, as so many gifts of the
Holy Ghost
In the Peraonea Tale there occurs, but once only, the curious
phrase ** the echipe (or the hyre or the wages) of seruauntes," in
which the term achipe is explained by the words hyre or toages
(probably an addition of the scribe's). Tyrwhitt and subsequent
editors have left the word unglossed, and its meaning was not so
clearly evident until I had found the following corresponding phrase
in the Ayenbite of Inwyt: " fe esepe of hare sergons," the pay of
their servants.*
As I have not succeeded in finding the word in any English
writer of the 13th or 14th centuries, I am inclined to think that
Chaucer was not altogether ignorant of Dan Michel's version.
For some years past a new edition of the Ayenbite of Irwryt has
1 Mr SteTenson does not appear to have known of the ezistence of any metrical
Eagliiili yersions of Fr^re Lorens* work. They were probably more abundant than
the prose translation. A copy in the Northern dialect, ascribed to Hampole, ia
preserved in Cotton MS. Tib. E rii. (and a later fragment among the Sion College
MSS.), which seems to have given rise to several dialectical versiona, among which
may be mentioned Harl MS. 435, MS. Bodl. 48, MS. Langb. &, MS. More 215,
MS. Singer. See Exammatiim rf the ''JSmarki on the Qlouary to the AntieiU
Metrical Romanee ofSavelok the Dane," &c. (p. 80.)
* Tyrwhitt and snhseqnent editors have been altogether in the dark as to the
original of this tale.
3 saepe is Kentish for sehipe, for in this dialect an # is oonstanUy put for a
Northern and Midland t.
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PREFACE.
been greatly needed, and both Wright and Thorpe have at different
times proposed its republication. The Eoxburgh Club edition is both
scarce and high-priced, and therefore entirely out of the reach of
ordinary students of Early English. Moreover, it is much to be
regretted that Mr Stevenson has considerably lessened the value of
Lis edition of so important a work.by suppressing the English author^s
Pre£Ekce and Table of Contents, as well as two little treatises following
the larger work, which, being included in the Contents, should have
been printed, or, at any rate, some reason assigned for their omission.*
From the Manuscript itself we learn that the Ayenbite of Inwyt was
completed "ine fe yeare of oure Ihordes beringe (birth) 1340," ** ine
fe eue of fe holy apostles Symon an ludas," by Dan Michel of
Korthgate, a brother of the Cloister of Saint Austin of Canterbury.
We cannot but regret that no more information is afforded us of one
who so thoroughly identified himself with the country-folk among
whom he dwelt as to choose this homely ** English of Kent^" in pre-
ference to a less provincial form of English, adopted by other South-
em writers, in which he might teach, as he himself says, old and
youngs parents and children, to eschew all manner of sin, and to
preserve a conscience void of all impurity.
Of all the English works written in the 14th century, the Ayen-
bite of Inwyt is, unquestionably, the most important and valuable
that has hitherto been published ; and we owe a debt of gratitude to
Mr Stevenson who first called attention to its philological peculiar-
ities.
Much uncertainty attaches itself to most of our Early English
works of this period as to authortihipj daie^ and dialect — particulars of
> ICr SterensoD has wrongly translated. his anthor's title. Aymihite of Imoit
does not mean Beden^ion of the Soul, Dan Michel uses Wi^hegge in the sense of to
redfiem, and the snhstantiYe formed from this is wt^begginge (Widiffe has Ayenbymg\
and the oonect term for aoul is taud. Many of the mistakes in the Text and
Glossary to the Boxbnrgh edition might haye been avoided by a reference to the
French MSS. Thus Mr Stevenson prints tmi€ (» tin) for Utu (yesterday evening),
and explains pmdongingo as manure instead of uendage, or sale ; ruttoiot he glosses
as rndt, instead of cakes cooked in the frying-pan. With a boldness not to be com-
mended, he oooaaionally alters his author's language, and in printing )>#rM (a
genuine 0. E. form) for |>«mm, he teaches us how rigidly Editors of Early English
woiks should adhere to their MSS.
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/
/
PRVACE.
the greatest importance to the philologiat who seeks to gain any
clear notions of Early English Grammar ; bat with rare good fortune
the Ayenhiie of Inwyt comes to us as a philological monument, the
value of which is not diminished by any uncertainty on these points.
And as such it must ever be regarded as the standard of comparison
for the language of the 14th century, by which a clearer knowledge
of Early English inflexions may be gained than has, hitherto^ been
possible by means of the scanty materials within our reach.
As a small contribution towards a more systematic investigatioa
of Early English Grammar, the editor of this volume has endeavoured
to place before the reader the chief characteristics of the Southern
dialect, and the points of diflference between it and Northern English.
He felt he could not do better than avail himself of the present
opportunity for discussing these matters, in the hopes that others
may be induced to devote some attention to this subject, so that
the future historians of our language will have no cause to endorse
the opinion of no mean authority, ''that there is not a general
agreement of scholars on many cardinal points of English inflection,
and indeed that no thorough systematic and comprehensive attempt
at the investigation of these questions has yet been made.'* .
RICHARD MORRIS.
Tottenham, Dec., 1866.
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I. DESGRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT.
Thb Arondel MS. 57, containing the Ayenhite of Inwyt^ ifi a
folio copy, written on veUuniy and ia the autograph of the author.
The printed catalogue thus describes the other contents of the
volume : —
1. '* Versus Gylde de prophetia Aquile," foL 4. b. Incip. Tolle
caput Mortis his.
2. Ejusdem '* Versus Northmannie," foL 4. b. Incip. Anglia
transmittet leqpardum lilia OaUi.
3. " Expositio yersuum Gyld» de prophetia AquilsB et Heremitce/'
foL 5. Incip. Ckmtinetur inter dicta heremite satis.
4. Thomas de Erseldoune's prophecy of King Edward II., foL
8. b.
Thomas de Erseldoune escot & dysur dit au Hey Alisandre le
paroles de suthdites du Bey Edward ke ore est kaunt yl fust auestre
To ny^t is boren a bam in Kaememam ]?at ssal wolden pe out ydlis ylc
an ])e kyng Alesandre acsede hwan ssal ])at be. fe menstral jede hwan
banockes bourne is y-det myd mannis bonis, hwan hares kendle]) in
hert]) stanes hwan laddes wendde])^ leuedes hwan me ledep men to
selle wyt]> rapis hwan Kokys bur]) is no hmp hwan men gyven an
foln of tuenti pouTtd for an seme of hwete. E. sseL uordo. P. forj,
vi3t and 8treng]>e of al Mijt. Er M. J^ri croked xL alle hi hoked.
Ssel diuerse an daunce yet neuir wes .y. mad. ine fronce.
5. Les prophecies de Merlyn, fol. 8. b.
6. Prologue in Evangelium S. Matthai, foL 97.
7. Evangelium S. Matthni cum expositione perampla, foL 98*
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11. SPECIMEN OF THE FEENCH TEXT,
FBOM OOTTON MS. OLBOPATBA A V, FOL. 177 B.^
An list en la uie des peies que .L saint homme conta comment
^ il estoit denenu moine e disoit quil auoit este fij dun paien
qui estoit prestie as ydolos . e quant il estoit enfes vne foij entra on
temple auoec son peie lepostement. Iloec uit .L grant diable qui
sasist sor .L faudestuel e toute sa maisnee enuiron lui. Iloec uint .L
des princes e laoura. Lors li demanda cil qui seoit ou throne dont il
uenoit . e il respondi quil uenoit dune terre ou il auoit esmeu e por-
chace mout de guerres e mout de troubles si que mout de gen^ i
estoient mort . e mout de sane i estoit espandu^. Le mestre demanda
en combien de tens il auoit ce fet : e il respondi en .xxz. iors. Cil
li dist en tant de tens as si poi fet . lors commands quil fust batuj e
mal menez ^ apres celui uint .L autre q?/i ensuit laoura com le
premier. Lb mestre li demanda dont il uenoit : Cil respondi quil
uenoit de la mer ou il auoit fet mout de tempestes mout de niefs
brisees . e mout de gen) neej. ^ Le mestre demanda en combien de
tens. II respondi en .xx. iours. Cil dist en tant de tens as si poi
fet ^ Apres uint le tier) qui respondi qil uenoit dune cite ou il
auoit cues noces . e iloec auoit esmeu e pourchace tencons e mellees
si que mout de gent i estoient mort . e enseur quetout il auoit occis
le man. Le mestre li demanda combien de tens il auoit mis a ce fere.
n respondi que .x. iors. Lors commanda quil feust bien batu por ce
qil auoit tant demore a ce fere san) plus. ^ Audarrein uint .L autre
deuant le prince e laoura . e cU li demanda dont uiens tu. II re-
spondi quil uenoit del hermitage ou il auoit este .xL an) pour tempter
•i. moine de fomicacion cest pecche de luxure . e tant ai fait que cele
nuit lai uaincu . e tresbuche en eel pecchie. ^ Lors saiUi sus le
mestre e le baisa e acola e li mist la corone en la teste . e le fist seoir
iouste lui . e li dist que grant chose auoit fet e grant proesca % Ore
disoit le preudomme que quant il out ce oi : e ce ueu il pensa que
grant chose estoit de moine e par cele acheson estoit il deuenu
moine.
' For tranalation see pp. 238 — 240 of the present work.
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COERECTIONS.
Introduction, page iii, L 25 ; for provineialidics Tesudprovineidlisme
Page Tiii, foot note 2, L 4 ; for occur lead occurs
— zxviii, foot note ; for and read to
— xxxriii, L 5 ; for ttte fe read ute we
Page 128, L 21 ; for in prisons read ine prisons
— 140, side notes, 1. 31 ; tor ass is to its^ ^c, read assassin to
hisy ^c
Page 159, foot note ; for afiswerie'^ read anauerie'^
— 184, L 12 ; for wdy-holpe read tod y-holpe
— 187, L 24; [di^ymont. The MS. may be right. Palsgrave
has aymant.
Page 194, L 19 ; for hehhe^ read hdbhey
— 223, L 21 ; for harten read herten
— 231, L 11 ; for wy-oute read w}/[}f\-<3ute
— 244, L 11 ; for zayte read zay[n]te
— 246, L 3 ; for yuelded (so in MS.) read yudde
— 246, L 7 ; for noj read na^[t]
— 253, 1. 25 ; for zayte read zaylnlte
— 262, L 18 ; for tnwyttte read inwytte
— 265, L 8 firom bottom ; for ryuolliehe read ry^t]uolliche ,
— 269, L 9 from bottom ; for hro^ read bro^ren
— 270, L 4 ; for ueteyn read tde^en
— 251, L 2 firom bottom ; 'haer J^et il^fpe&of ^ wyttes," Ac.;
is spek at first sight looks like either an enor for ich spek = I spake,
or is y-speke = is spoken. The is^ however, I believe to be an old
and geniiine form, coiresponding to the modem provincial ef , L
Margery. Wull ye eat a counst o' brid and chezee, cozen
Andrat
Andrew, No, es thankee, cozen Maigery ; vor e^ eat a crab as es
come along ; besides es went to dinner jest avore. — ^Well, bet^ cozen
Margery, whot onser dest gi' ma to tha quesson es put vore now-reert
{An Exmoor Courtship.)
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GRAMMATICAL INTRODUCTION.
SOME OHABAOTERISTICS OF THE SOUTHERN DIALECT DURING THE
EARLT ENGLISH PERIOD (1250 TO 1340).
In considering the characteristics of the Southern dialect, we
shall not compare it with the Midland, which presents us with no
one typical form, but with the Northern or Northumbrian, the gram-
matical forms and inflexions of which are more uniform and constant.
This appeara to be the only mode of obtaining a clear conception
of the great and distinctive features of these two extensive forms of
our ancient speech, and it is, perhaps, the best means we could adopt
to enable us to draw, as closely as possible, the line of demarcation
between the dialects formerly spoken in the North and South of this
country.
We shall discuss these peculiarities of dialect under the following
heads: —
I. Orthographical Differences.
II. Grammatical „
III. Lexicographical „
I. Orthographical Differences.
A. Consonants.
1. ChioT K. The Southern dialect prefers the soft sound eh to
that of h,^ The following examples may be added to those contained
in Preface to Hampole.
Southern.
Northern.
Southern.
Northern.
chele
kele (cold)
smech
smek (smoke)
crouch
crok (cross)*
smach
smak (taste)
chef
caf (chaff)
zech
sek(sack)3
cherl
carl (churl)
* We find in the Sn dialect durehede for derknesse, darkness.
* Exists in English crook, eruteh. > Cp. sack and •atch-^,
h
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11 GRAMMATICAL INTRODUCTION.
In the twelfth century we find wlach = wldk = Zw^(-wann) ;
ha>ck = hedk^ stream ; folch^ folk, people.
In Wiltshire and Devonshire we may hear the following remnants
of this pronunciation : —
blatch = black pritch, prutch = prick putch (= pitch) = pick
The pronominal and adjectival forms ench^ 9uc\ and which,
were represented thus in the two dialects : —
Southern* Northern.
uch j
Soathem. Northern,
swilk
swuch
Euych '
such '
whuch whilk
The Semi-Saxon forms in the Southern dialect were
elch swdch and welch
The Midland forms are mostly like the Southern with respect to
the substitution of ch for ky but a preference is given to the i sound,
e. g. ych, 8wi4ih (sich), unch.
Adjectives in the Southern dialect ended in 4ich (sing.), and
4iche (pL), and Adverbs in 4iche ; but in the Northumbrian, when
the final -e had no grammatical functions, the distinction between
Ac^ectives and Adverbs could not well be kept up, so that the
terminations -lich and -liche were represented by -lie (4tk, like),
and -lyj Wo have a trace of the double adverbial form -like and
4y in the Ormulum.
2. V for F, The use of v for /, as vinger for finger, visch for
fisch, Ac.,' is another well-known peculiarity of the old Southern
dialect, which has, however, gradually become disused in the Eastern
division of the Southern counties (in Kent and Sussex). In the
xivth, and up to the middle of the xviith century, this usage was
well marked."
We never find the v for /in any Northumbrian production.
4. Z for 8. The Ayenbite is the only work of the xivth century
that contains examples of the use of z for s, as zfnge for ei7i{jie^ zour
> 4y is of course a later form.
' In one or two InBtanccs, as veteh sa fetch, vat sa fat, we hare retained the
Southern and provincial form.
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i/i
ORAmCATICAIi INTRODUCTION.
lU
for aouTy &c. But while this pronunciation ia well marked in
modem Southern dialect, as spoken in the Southern and Western
counties, we find no trace of it in the chronicle of Robert of Gloucester.
The modem Kentish vernacular has dropped this peculiarity,
though it seems to have been common enough ia Kent as late as the
middle of the seventeenth century.
4. In the present dialect of the South of England (as spoken in
Wiltshire, Devonshire, and Somersetshire) we find
birsh
dird
dirsh
gurt
= briTsh
= dread^
= thrush
= great
hirch
= rich
him
= run
hirsh
= rush
We have several good instances of this metathesis in the literature
of the xiiith and xivth centuries.
Southeni.
heme (heme)
bamde
berste
barst
burde (birde)
Northern.
= brenne(bum)
= brende(bumt)
= breste (burst)
= brast (burst,
prd.)
= bride (lady,
woman)
= crud (curd)
Soathem. Northern,
curlle = crulle (curl)
fersch (versshe) = fresch (fresh)
forst
= frost
gers
= gres (grass)
thirlle
= thrille(pierce)
therste
- threst«(thirst)
3nme
= rinne (run)
om (am)
= ran
curd
5. PS for SP Haps = hasp, wap8 = wasp, are well-known
modem Southern provincialistics, but with the exception of crips for
crisp (in Wright's Flragments of Popular Science) I know of no
ancient examples.
6. G for Y. The Southern dialects in some few instances
retained a g^ which in the Northern became softened into y, as in
the modem English buy and say,
Soathem. Northern. i Soathem. Northem.
hegge bye I segge saye
7. B for V. The Southem forms libbe, habbSy and hebbe^ were
represented by the Northem live^ have^ and heve (heave).
> Cf. hrid =s hird, stDl in ose in the North of England.
b2
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ORAMHATICAL INTRODUCTION.
B. VowelB.
1. for -4. I have previously pointed out in the preface to
Hampole the substitution of 5 in the place of a in words of Anglo-
Saxon origin.
Soathem. Northern. Southern. Northern,
bon ban lore lare
bor bar (bare) Ac. &c.
horn ham
But we also find the following forms in the Southern literature of
the xivth century, which are never met with in any pure Northum-
brian production : —
con
= can
honge
= hang
bond
= hand
lome
— lame
lond
— land
plont
= plant
mon
— man
schome
= shame
stonde
= stand
stronde
= Btrand
In Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, and Somersetshire we still find
examples of this pronunciation in Jurnd (hand), lond (land), dork
(dark), lork (lark), opple (apple).
The Ayenbite contains fewer examples of this than most speci-
mens of the Southern dialect, and in some few instances a preference
is ^ven to the a sound, as
hlawe (blow) knatoe (know) mawe (mow)
zange (song) zawe (sow)
This preference of o to a, which is also found in some of the
Midland dialects, evidently explains the following curious forms :
Midland. Northumbrian.
Midland. Northumbrian.
1 fro = fra (from)
slo = sla (slay)
flo = fla (flay)
thore = thore (there)
gove = gave
wore =: ware (were)
ond = and (anger)
30 = ya (yea)
E for A. In some few words
we have e in the Southern dialect
where the Northern prefers a.
Southern. Northern.
Southern. Northern.
ajen agan (gan, gain) =
here hare = hair
against
reven raven
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GRAMMATICAL INTRODUCTION.
Southern.
Northern.
Southern.
Northern.
bem
bam = bairn,
sle
sla = slay
(child, son)
stre
stra = straw
cle
claw (clar)
wepen
wapen = weapon
em
am = eagle
J«
yha = yea
flei
fia =flay
*
The foUowing forms seem to come under this head :
Soathem.
Northern.
Southern.
Northern.
blein
blain
grein
grain
dei
dai = (clay)
greithe
graithe = (prepare)
dei«
dai = (day)
hei
hai = (hay)
ei3t
aght = (eight)
kei
kai = (key)
eye (eie)
agh = (awe)
With these we may compare the Midland forms of the North-
umbrian personal pronouns :
Midland thei, theivy theim, for
Northern t?iai (tJui), thair (thar), thaim (thain)
The Southern preterites of one class of strong verbs often take an
6 when the Northumbrian has a.
Soathem.
Northern.
Southern.
Northern.
her
bar = bore
spek
spak = spoke
l>rek
brak = broke
swer
swar = swore
gef
gaf=gave
In the modem dialect of Sussex we find fleg = fiag
hang ; mersh = marsh ; reg = rag. In Devonshire, kep = cap ;
kerping = carping.
The Old Frisian language presents us with similar forms, as,
gfef=Qta£[; 6en^ = band; wder = waier.
Not only has the Ayenbite preserved similar forms in which a is
replaced by 6, but it presents us with a far larger number than any
other Southern composition.
bend = band
berk = bark
bleddre = bladder
blest = blast
1^ aUf may stand tor flea and 8ka.
> In Dorsetshire day and whey are pronounced de, whe^ &c.
leste =: last
mentle =. mantle
mere = mare
merss = marsh
See Outlines of
Dorset Grammar in Philolog. Soc. Proceed., 1864, p. 12.
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VI
GRAMMATICAL INTRODUCTION.
bren
= bran
8sel
= shall
bres
= brass
ssede
= shade
chef
= chaff
ssepe
— shape
depper
= clapper
strepe
— stripe
cieft
= craft
stef
= staff
ele
= awl
threl
= thraU
eppel
= apple
treppe
= trap
esshe
= ash
vet
= vat
gled
= glad
weter
= water
hedde
= had
zed
= sad
keste
= kast (in/,)
zeterday= Saturday
leddre
= ladder
Aw for At
(A.S. ag.) :
Soathem.
Northern.
Southern.
Northern.
fawe
fain ;
y-flawe
flain (flayed)
hawel
bail
y-slawe
slain
UioT I. In the works of the Southern writers of the thirteenth
and fourteenth centuries we find the words JUt, hill, thin, ein, &c,
written /2i«^y hul, thun, thunne, eun, &a
Our modem pronunciation coincides generally with the Northern
dialects, in which this substitution of u for i was unknown.
In Wiltshire we may still hear Uurik (^= blink), spark; frum
(N. /rim), fresh ; hud, hide ; huz, his ; lup, lip : piUcher, pitcher ;
vur, fire ; whuch, which.
In the Old Kentish of the Ayenbite an e takes the place of the
Southern u and the Northern i.
Southern. Northern.
hil
kinde
(a) Weetem.
(b)EMteni.
hul
hel
kunde
kende
kusse
kesse
munde
mende
put
pet
rug
««
vur
Tcre
Ac.
&c.
minde
pit
rig (back)
fire
Ac
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GRA.MMAT10AL INTRODUCTION.
vn
In the following Ust of words taken from the Ayenbite, the e
represents u or i.
bde
= boil (bile)
melk
= milk
besUe
= bustle
mende
= mind
beey
= busy
X)et^pette= pit
bredale
= bridale
prede
= pride
bredgtome =bridegroom
wg
= rig = ridge =
brenge
= bring
back
gelt
= guilt
skele
- skill
hel
=rhiU
stock
= stick
kechene
= kitchen
stef
= stiff
ken
= kin
stenge
= sting
ken
= kine
selk
= silk
kende
= kind
strepe
= strip
kesse
= kiss
velthe
- filth
keth
= kith = cidh or
vere
= fire
c<mth in un-
zelf
= self
couth.
zenge
= singe
kete
= kite
zenke
= sink
leme
= limb
zenne
=:sin
melle
=:mill
We find in O.Frisian brengoy to bring, stek^ stick, together with
the double forms Uenda and hlinda, hdpa and hilpa.
In the modem Kentish and Sussex dialects we meet with knet =s
knit; meece = mice ; mdk = milk ; pet ^ pit ; wheUt = whilst.
This use of « for i still prevails in some of the Southern counties.
In Wiltshire we find 2>^ = pig ; ^e6Z= stile ; stenk =: stink, and
the published specimens of the Exmoor dialect contain the following
examples:
bed
= bid
ded
= did
desk
= dask
di«nk
= drink
meend
=: mind
mence
= mince
peg
= pig
prent
= print
preck
= prick
rep
= rip
theng
= thing
trem
= trim
veest
= fiBt
zed
= Bad
zeck
= 8ick
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TUi QRAmiATICAL INTRODUCTION.
In some few instances we have retained the Southern orthography
with the Northern pronunciation : bmy = the Northern bym/, just
as dizzy = the Southern dusi,
Biiildy guilty Ac., in Southern orthography were written hulde^
guU, and in the Northern, bylde^ gyU, &c. In stint and dunt hoth
dialectal forms have heen preserved
The in hop and dope seem to have arisen out of a t^ sound, since
the older Southern forms were huppe and sluppe, corresponding to
the Northern hippe and dippe.
5. Eo for E. The Editor of the Ormulum, in pointing out some of
the dialectical peculiarities of his author, notices the use of the simple
vowel e for the compound eo. In no specimen of the Northumbrian
dialect do we ever find the employment of the compound voweL
Thus the Southern forms breode (breast) ; cheose (chooee) ; ereope
(creep) ; deop (deep) ; leoee (lose) ; neose (nose) ; teon (anger) ;
weoved (altar), &c., are in Northern orthography brede^ chese, erepe,
depy lege, nesCy teney tcevedy Ac.
Occasionally in the Southern dialect the eo is written ?/, as dupe
for deopey durk for deorky midk for meolk ; dtiere for deore (dear).'
Cp. VvJ ioifeoly fell, and huld for Jieold, hdd.
In the printed examples of the Herefordshire dialect ue often
takes the place of eo, as hue (they), for Iieo ; hiiere (their) for heore ;
hvem (them) for heom ; buen (to be) for beon ; buere (bear) for beore ;
duere (dear) for deore ; htierte (heart) for heortey Ac'
In Kemble's paper on the North Anglian dialect, we are told that
the West Saxon eo was represented in Kentish Manuscripts by iUy to,
ta, and ie.
We find some traces of this in the Kentish specimens of the xivth
century, for in the Ayenbite ie or ye is constantly employed for eo.'
^ This may account for the modern pronunciation of Uu (lose) and ehen (choose)
B3 the Sn letm and cheo9e^
' Since writing the ahove I haye found both forms in Trevlsa's translation of
Higden's Poljchronioon (Cotton MS. Tiberias D. vii. written in the Sn dialect,
probably of Gloucestershire), e. g., h$o and hue^ she ; ^eo9 or Y%te9^ this, these ; ti^
perhaps occur more frequently than «o, as ihtief, thief; wmwh^ for iceateh, washed.
' The modem Kentish dialect has hly (used by Shoreham) for hU (A.S. Keo)y
colouT, likeness. In the Ayenbite and Shoreham's poems we find by for beo,\M\vry
totfnoy free; gly for gkoy glee ; sy for «m, see ; gryhond for greyhound, &o.
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GRAMMATICAL INTRODUOTION.
IX
Kentish,
bryest
cbiese \
chyese j
chyew /
cryepe
diepe \
dyepe j
dieie \
dyere)
liemy |
lyemy /
liese I
Ordinary Soathem form,
breost (breast)
cbeose (choose),
creope (creep)
deope (deep)
deoie (dear)
leome (learn)
leose (lose)
Kentish,
lieve \
lyeve )
niede ^
nyede j
thiester ^
thyester )
tiene \
tyene ;
wiened \
wjened j
wied
vyend
vryend
Ordinary Soathem form,
leove (lief, dear)
neode (need)
tbeoster (darkness)
teone (anger)
weoued (altar)
weod (weed)
feond (fiend)
freond (friend)
Many preterites in eo take le, as hield, hildy hddj htelpj kUp, helped
6. In the South-west of England at the present day such words
as cariy card, and garden, axe pronounced as kyart, kyard, gyarden.
Here the ya represents the original West Saxon ea, which in modem
English is represented by a. In Somersetshire calf, grape, leap,
leavCy are pronounced keave, greap, leap, leave. In the Eastern
division, as in Kent and Sussex, we may hear beam, deaw, gdut (geat),
kea/, taud, for beam, dew, gate, calf, taste. (See Outlines of Dorset
Grammar in Philolog. Soc. Proceedings, 1864, pp. 12, 13, 14.)
We have no trace of this in Kobert of Gloucester, lives of the
Saints, <&c., but in the works of Shoreham and Dan Michel, we find
abundant evidence (as the following examples will show) that the old
Kentish folk of the fourteenth century retained the ancient West
Saxon pronunciation, for ea is written yea, ya.
byeam
byam
bryead \
bryad ]
cheak
= beam
= bread "
= cheek
cleape
chyeaste-
chieaste ;
= clepe (call)
= strife cheaste
cheap
= cheep
\ -
= dead
dyad
dyead j
dyeath = death
dyeaf = deaf
^y^M =dew
dyau ;
hyealde| ^^^^^
healde ;
heaued = head
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ORAMHATICAL INTBODUOTION.
hyeap 1
hyap j
= heap
sealve
sleawth
= salve
= sloth
h^w
= hue
speark
= spark
lyeaf
= leaf
sseaw
= show
Iheape
=r leap
theaw
= virtue
leawde
= lewd
threape
= dispute
reave
= rob
tyear
= tear
schreaw
= shrew
vealde
vyealde,
sealt
= 8alt
= fold
The Kentish preterites bea^ (bent) ; chsas (chose) ; leas (lost) ;
leaJt (bowed) ; stea^ (ascended) ; zeaM (sold); tedld (told), correspond
to the ordinary Southern he^ ehes, lea, let, ste}^ tdd (told).
Sometimes the initial ea is represented by y, as yald, old ; yarm^
arm ; yam, ran ; year, ear ; yeast, east ; yeme, run ; yerthe, earth ;
yestre, easter.
With these we may compare the modem Southern provincialisms
yarm = arm ; yarth =: earth ; yeat = eat ; yeast = east, &c
7. The only old Kentish forms corresponding to the modern lnu>y
(boy), ewoat (coat), &c., are
buon
= bone
guos = goose
guode
= good
ZU0I3 = (the Dorset zidl) =
guo
= go
plough
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GRAMMATICAL PECULIAEniES.
NOUNS. ^PLUBALfl IN JW.*
The Ormnlum, which is of Midland origin and abounds in Noith-
em foims, contains scarcely any plural nouns terminating in the
syllable en^ while the Ancien Eewle^ St Marherete and Lajamon's
"Bmty" written in the Southern dialect, abound in them.
In the longest and best specimens of the ^Northumbrian dialect
of the early English period, I have not succeeded in finding more
than three or four plural nouns in en, as eg?ien (eyes), axeuy and
sehon (shoes). But in Southern works of the same period they are
almost as plentiful as in the earlier (Semi-Saxon) stage of the
language.'
The following list of Southern plurals in en might no doubt be
augmented, as they contain such forms only as haye come under my
own observation ; they all, however, serve to corroborate the statement
made as to the frequent use of this inflexion.
addren
adders
aldren
elders
applen
apples
arwen
arrows
assen *.
asses
axen
ashes
ayren
eyren
eggs
• beden
petitions
been
bees
• bellen
bells
bemen
trumpets
• benen
prayers, boons
bischopen
bishops
• blissen
blisses
blomen
blooms (flower)
blosmen
blossoms
boUen
bowls
* bougeren
heretics
^ The modem dialect of the South- western ooonties Btill exhihits a fondneai for
thiB terminatioii, as housen, peoMn^ neiffhbourhooden,
* All words marked thus (•) occur in the AyenMte (1840) ; those marked with
a dagger occur in Shoreham.
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xu
GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
bronden
brands
doggen
dogs
• brothren
brethren
brothers ^
* dojtren
doujtren
daughters
browen
brows
doren
doors
bruggen
bridges
• dropen
drops
• bryeeten
^ breosten
breasts
droppen
• earen >
i
calveren
calves
eren
ears
• carten
carts
• yearen
• ceUen
cells
• eddren
adders
cerclen
circles
• elmessen
alms
chambren
chambers
elven
elves
cheoken
cheeks
emeten
ants
cheo3en
daws (choughs)
eveten
newts
• cherchen
churches
eyren
eggs
churchen
• ejen , '
eyes
• children
children
eyen
• clauen
claws
cleen
. ferden
t verdon
clouden
clouds
troops, armies
cneon
knees
fasten
festen
fasts
colveren
â– doves
condlen
candles
flon
arrows
corden
cords
fon
* von
foes
crabben
crabs
* crouchen
crosses
crowen
crows
gomen
men
gloven
gloves
dawen
days
deden
deeds
• halewen \
haljen
deovelen
\
hallows, saints
develen
( devils
hattren
clothes, gar-
• dyeuelen
)
-
ments
• diaknen
deacons
hawen
haws
1 hrtihern and ehildem occar in Early £ng. writers.
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GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
XIU
• heaveden
heyeden
1
heads
lomen
looms
helen
• hennen
tents
hens
meden
♦ messen
rewards (meeds)
masses
heren
shirts of horse-
misdeden
misdeeds
hair
♦ modren
mothers
♦ hesten
hestSy com-
monen
moons
• honden
mands
hands
muylen
mylen
mules
miles
hounden
hounds
hounten
hnnteis
neddren
adders
huden
hides
• nettlen
nettles
hunten
hnrten
hunters
* nykeren
♦ nykken
syrens
necks
heorten
hearts
nonnen
nuns
* herten
i
noten
nuts
hynen
servants
t joyen
joys
peren
• pesen
pears
pease
• kempen
• ken
kine
keyen
knotten
kressen
'
warriors
cows
keys
knots
cresses
• pinen
precken
rabben
* reven
roden
♦ roten
pains
stings
turnips
sheriffs, reeves
roods (crosses)
roots
• lambren
lampen
• lompen
longon
• lenden
-
lambs
lamps
lungs
loins
rothem'
rutheren
saulen
• zaulen
1 rothers, oxen
1 souls
lesen
meadows
scheon
shoes
• lippen
t loken
lips
locks
schiewen
schiren
shrews
shires
* In Cott MS. Tib. D. Tii. rotheron, ogon, ehyldroHj are written for rutheren,
oxm, ehOdrm,
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XIV
GRAMMATICAL PBCULIARITIES.
schopeiden
sbepberds
sennen
\
* zennen
sins
smmen
i
scheten
sheets
scboldien
schuldien
shoulders
scouTgen
scurgen
1
scourges
t sibben
relations
siden
• ziden
sides
sinuen
sinews
sithen
times
Bithen
scytbes
snaken
snakes
snoden
pieces
sorewen
sorrows
sostren
sustren
sisters
spannen
spans
• spearken
sparks
sporen
spurs
♦ stablen
stables
stappen
steps
steden
steeds
• sterren
steorren
stars
swopen
wbips
tiden
times
tbien
tbigbs
• tongen
tungen
tongues
tongen
tongs
♦ toknen
tokens
t ton
toes
t tren
treon
trees
trappen
* treppen
traps
unclen
uncles
weden
weeds (clotbes)
♦ wellen
wells
wencben
girls
wepnen
weapons
• werren
wars
wetberen
wetbers
widuen
♦ wodewen
widows
t woken
weeks
• womben
wombs
* wonden
wunden
wounds
• wreccben
wretches
wretben
wreaths
• wycben
wicben
witches
• wyngen
wengen
wings
wingen
wyken
weeks
t wyken
offices
* wysen
ways, modes
* ympen
branches
♦ vetberen
feathers
• vle^en
vli3en
flies
• vorbisnen
examples
jerden
3unlen
â–
rods
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GRAMMATIOAL PECULIABITIB& XY
The whole of these do not, of coturse, belong to the n declension.
Benerif deuelen^ doren^ hondeti^ sunneuy sotden, originallj ended in
-a; hrotheren^ dohtren (dojtren), Jieaveden^ modren^ sugtren («o»-
iren)y terminated in -n; and ccUveren, chUdereny lyreUy lamhreny^
formerly ended in -ru.
The A.-Saxon plural vowel inflexions -<z, -u^ ^c, were repre-
sented in the Semi-Saxon by -«, and in the Early English period by
-en.
The Northombrian forms corresponding to the Southern hreiherei}^
ehildereny kinSy were brethery ehUdery kye.
The A«S. plural lendenu^ (loins) became lenden in Southern
English; the Northern dialect employed the form lenda, for which they
formed a singular, leridf which is not to be found in any pure
Southern writer.
Occasionally the -en is represented by a final -^ as aue =
assen^ asses ; hande = Jtanderij hands ; lippe = lippeUy lips ; derre =
gterren, stars ; stede = stederij steeds.
Dr Guest, in the second volume (p. 75) of the Philological
Society's Proceedings, has noticed these forms, but considers them as
Korthem forms. His statement is as follows: —
'^ Anglo-Saxon nouns belonging to the n declension, as gteorray a
star, dedoy a steed, assoy an ass, &c., generally formed their plural in
-an, as steorrany gtedan, asseoy Ac But in the Northern dialect they
substituted a vowel for the ending -an; and it is probable that these
Northern plurals are represented by the sterrey stede^ asae of the
following examples : —
(1) The fifte }er he gan argument .
Of the «terre and of the firmement.
(Sevyn SageSy 197.)
(2) Whi kyng other eorl cam on hym to weorre,'
Quyk he lokyd in the stearre.-—{Kany Alts, 76.)
(3) As y you sey bothe heore stede
FeoUen to grounde dede.— (JT. Alts. 2263.)
> Zam6r$ =s lamlw, oceaTB in the Ommlnm.
* The nnff. does not oocnr in A.S. anthon.
* The -# in fMorri Tepreeents the -#» in the infinitive.
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XVI ORAJniATICAL PECULIARITIES.
(4) And afiljr fyftene hundiyd asse
Bar wyn and ojle, more and lasse.
{R. a de Lion, 6453.)"
' The three works from which the quotations are made, adds Dr
Guest^ are' strongly marked with t?ie peculiarities of the Northern
dialect.
They certainly do contain some Northern peculiarities, but not its
distinctive peculiarities. The Seven Sages and the Bom. of King
Richard are in a Midland dialect, and K. Alisander is in the dialect
of a locality where both Southern and Midland forms were em-
ployed.
The substitution of a vowel for the -an (as ego = eyes ; mfgo,
toitgu = prophets) was undoubtedly a characteristic of the Northern
dialect during the ninth and tenth centuries ; but is not to be found
in any Northern writer of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
The substitution of -e for -n ' is Southern rather than Northern,
as the following examples will show : —
The ni3tingale bigon the speche
In one hume of ^one breche
And sat upone vaire bo3e
Thar were abute hlosme inoje.*
(Chd and Nightingale^ P- !•)
Berne = Bemen (trumpets).
The engles in the dai-red
Blewedh heore heme. — (Rdig. PoemSy p. 68.)
Angles . . blewe here bemen,
(Lives of Saints, HarL MS. 2277, foL 11 b.)
* The use of final -e for -« is quite common in the Southern dialect, not only in
the plurals of nouns, but also in the preUnt$ plural, infinitive mood, and ^rund
of Terhs. In addition to these we find such forms as ay = i^ (again) ; au = oyn
(own) ; fMo3tf = mo^ (nine) ; blose, blosmen (hlossoms) ; teove = $eoven (seven).
» Blosme inoje = flowers enough = many flowers. Ino^e is the plural of ino^,
enough. The pL Blosmen occurs much later, as in the following extract ;—
Lenten yo come with love to toune
With blotmen ant with hriddes roune
That al this blisse bringeth.— (5/w. of Lyrie I^t. p. 43.)
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GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES. JCvil
Browe = Browen (brows).
(1) On heu hire her is fayr ynoh,
Hiie browe broune, hiie e^e ' blake.
(Spec, of Lyric Poet, p. 28.)
(2) Hyie h^e > haueth wounded me y-wisse
Hire bende browen that bringeth blisse.— (/&k2. p. 39.)
Chirehe=. Chirchen (churches).
(3) Horn let wurche
Chapeles and chirche,
(K. Horn, p. 39, E, K Text Soc.)
(4) That folc hi gunne quelle
And churehen for to fella — {Ibid, p. 2.)
Brede = Breden (breasts).
Ther to me aneleth the wyttes fyjf.
And fe^t) and brede and lenden. — {Shoreham, p. 43.)
He het that me scholde hire lede : to the tonnes ende
And hire breoden fram hire bpdie, with kene hokes rende.
(Si Kathenne, p. 76.)
Crowe = Crowen (crows).
An hwanne heo habeth me of-slahe,
Heo hongeth me on heoro hahe,
Thar ich arschewele pie an crowe
From than, the thar is i-eowe. — (Owl and N, p. 55.)
Wenestu that haueck bo the worse
Tho) erowe bigrede him bi the mersh,
And goth to hun mid Aore chirme,
Eijt so hi wille wit him schirme. — (Ibid, p. 304.)
Seint Edipund & his felawe: as hit was ofte here wone
In a day ham Lenkenore : wende to Abyndone
Af hi come in a gret fledeye : blake monekes he sej
As hit crowen & chaj^n were : fleo bi their anhej.
(St EdtKund, p. 76.)
c
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XVm GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
Dede = Deden (deeds).
My gode deden bueth fol smalle*
(Sjyec. of Lyric Poet, p. 99.)
Of myne deden fyjide y non god. — {Ibid. p. 99.)
When we bueth dempned after ur dedSy
A domesday, when lyhtes bueth tolde.
When we shule suen thy wounde blede,
To speke thenne we bueth unbolde. — (Ibid. p. 100.)
Fewe gode dede ich habbo ido. — (8t BrandaUy p. 27.)
E^e = E^en (eyes).
. . . . syththe bifore here e^e
He wende up to hevene as hi alle iseje.
{MS. HarL 2277, foL 23.)
Gret fur heo let make bifore here aire cje
{Ibid. foL 40.)
Hyre Tie^e haueth wounded me y-wisse.
{Spec, of Lyric Poet. p. 39.)
Ke sholde he vor bothe his e;e
So don, ^if he the bet ne se^e.
{Owl and Nightingale, 1. 381-2, p. 14.)
Hyre eij^en aren grete and gray ynoh.
{Spec, of Lyric Poet. p. 34.)
Fere = Feren (companions).
Coveytise myn keyes here
Nithe ant onde were mi/er«
That bueth folkes fyle.— (^^>cc. of Lyric Poet. p. 49.)
Hi weren ure \fere. — {Moral Ode^ p. 25.)
This bosteres <& this lieres as hi sitteth bi here/^re
Bringeth wimmen in sclaundre
{Harl. MS. 2277, fol. 18 a.)
Tney feren he hadde
That he with him hdde.— {King HarUy p. 92.)
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GRAMMATICAL PiSCUIJAIlITIES. XIX
See K. Horn, p. 3.
Herte = Herten (hearts).
Ac hy habbeth hire herten zuo arered ine God that hi ne prayzeth
the woidl& — (Ayenbite, pp. 142, 152.)
Tho they were on fote bothe,
They foughte togedre with Tieorte wrothe.
(K. Alts. p. 302.)
Gret ioye hi hadde in here hitrie that hi mi^te this iseo.
(St Brandan, p. 7.)
Here = Ueren (hair shirts).
He werede harde here. — (St Beket, p. 76.)
The xnoder werede harde here: for oiire louerdes loue
Fram the schuldre to the hele. — (St Edmund^ p. 71.)
f is children . . . werede here here Jjrie a wyke.
(lUd, p. 72.)
And euere as heo hem sende clothes : as heo hem mijt iwynne
TAerwi^A heo wolde heren sende. — (Ibid, p. 72.)
Henne = Hermen (hens).
The Yoxe bird amang al menne
And tolde the wolf with the brode crune
That on him send gees and henne^
That other geet and motune.
(Camden Societtfs PoUt. Songs, p. 198.)
Honde =: Honden (hands).
We ne there no3t this knyjtes seide : do bi the as we wolde
For the kyng ous bet the bringe him : thyn honde faste ybounde.
He makede hem al i^en hire wille : his honden faste bynde
& ladde him forth harde ynouj : his hoTiden faste bihynde.
(St Cristopher, p. 63.)
. . . . he het his men anon
Seint Andreu scouigi so : tho that him oke ech bon
And siththe bynde him hoTide & fet. — (St Andrew, p. 100.)
^ Hmtwn, hens, occurs in the Ayenbite.
c
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XX GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
Y-fetered were ys legges under his horse wombe ;
Bothe with ym ant with stele mankled were ys honde,
{Pditic Songs, p. 218.
He smot doun is heued
. • . is Jumden gon he wrynge, — (Ibid, p. 193.)
Mony &enshe wyf wryngeth hire ?umde. — (Ibid, p. 188.)
Sone, y se thi bodi byswongen
Fet ant honden thourhout stongen. — {Lyric P. p. 81.)
• • . . atte last hi founde
The forme of oure louerd in a Kode : ibeten and ibounde
Inailled thurf fet and Jwnde : as our louerd with vyf wounde (wounds)
That hadde the gywes ido : god ^yve hem harde siounde (blows).
(The Jews and tM Cross, p. 43.)
Lome = Lomen (tools).
At eve-song even neh
Ydel men jet he seh
Lomen habbe an honde.
(Spec, of Lyric Poet, p. 41.)
This other swore alle ant some
That er wer come with lome
That 80 nes hit nout ryht. — (Ibid, p. 42.)
Mede = Meden (good deeds).
Middel-erd for men wes made
Un mihti aren is meste mede, — (Ibid. p. 22.)
Sehrewe = Schrewen (wretches, villains).
Gywes hatieth oure leuedi moche : and hire suete sone also
That is isene in manie dede : that the schrewen habbeth ido.
(The Jews and the Cross, p. 42,)
The king hadde al to fewe
To-jenes so vele sehrewe.
(King Horn, p. 2, E. E. Text Soc.)
Sterre = Sterren (stars).
Ine the Apocalyps Sent lohan
I-sej ane wymman wyth sonne by-gon
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ORAMUATICAL PECULIARITI£8. XXI
Thane mowe al onder hyre ton
I-crouned wyth tuel(£) eterre
Sych a leuedy nas nevere non
wyth thane fend to werre. — (SharehanCs Poems^^ASZ,)
And the couis of the deorren
In heom he juggeth al his weorren, — {K, Alls. p. 67.)
* * By the mone and by the sterren
Hy'connen ingge alle werren. — {Ibid. p. 203.)
He loked and kneowe in the sterre
Of alle this kynges theogrete weorre. — (Ibid. p. 113«
Him thojte that ther stod a treo : rijt tofore his bedde
That anon to the sterreu tilde : and wel wide spredde.
(8t Kendm, p. 51.)
Hereof je ssolle understonde that in the firmament beth
Planetes yliche clete gterren serene as je setlu
(R. of Cn. ioL 39.)
Hwat canstu wrecche thing of darre
Bute that thu bi-haitest hi feorre.
(Owl and Night, p. 45.)
Thah thu iseo the steorre al swa
Kortu the wisure neauer the mo. — (Jhid. p. 46.)
The Sonne and monne and many eterren
By easte aiyseth swythe /crrcn. — {Shorefumiy p. 137.)
Smde = Sotdm (souls).
OuTB dettes byeth oure zennes that we habbeth ydo wexe ope
our zaulen, — (Ayenbite, p. 88.)
And lete us hatie the woh
And luvie the rijte
And bringe ure 8awle
To heoveriche li^te. — {Rdig. 8ong$^ p. 80.)
To there blisse us bringe god, the rixlit abuten ende
Thenne he ure soule unbint of licames bende.
{Moved Ode, p. 34.)
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ZZU GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
Alle halewene aotde glade beoth : that in heuene beoth ido
That snyeth ouie loverdes way : and for him schadde also
Here blod for hia suete loue. — {St Dunstan, p. 39.)
Shvldre = Shtddrm (shoulders).
A suetly suyre heo hath to holde,
With armes, shuldre, ase mon wolde
Ant fyngres feyre forte folde. — (Lyric PoemSf p. 52.)
A strong rop ther was siththe above : fram the echuldre ido
To his buttok of hors her : to holde hit faste to.
(St Edmund, p. 75.)
Up here schtddren hi nome this holi bodi anoiu
(St Beket, p. 125.)
Theo delfyns woneth hire byside
A strong best of gret piyde,
They haveth schiUdren on the rygge,
And eke as scharpe as sweordis ^gge.
(K. Alts, p. 272.)
Sythe = SytTien (times).
In a wyndou ther we stod, we custe us fyfby eytJie,
(Spec, of Lifvic Poet, p. 91.)
For pL see Glossary to Ayenbite, s.v. Zyfen,
Tunge = Tungen (tongues).
O tyme a Seint Petres dei, gret f este with here tunge
In the see hi makede of Seint Peter, and here servise sunge.
(St Brandan, p. 20.)
Tongen occurs in the Ayenbite, pp. 22, 142,
Lunge = Lungen (lungs).
Nu schal for-rotien
thine teoh and thi tunge
Thi mahe and thi milte,
thi livre and thi lunge
And thi throte-bolle
That thu mide sunge. — (Relig. Songs, p. 76.)
Also in a man hys body
SemeJ> . . . . aer in ^ longon.
(Tremsa, 1387. Cott. MS. Tib. D vii.)
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GRAMMATICAL PECDLIARITIG& XXIU
Wede = Weden (gaimenta).
I-luved ich habbe gomen and gleo
And pnide and feiie toede, — {Rdig, Songs, p. 66,)
Kolde ich jeven enne peni for his wedm alle.— {/Wtf, p. 71.)
The kyng of Mantona and his knyghtes
Bath j-armed redy to fyghte
In bmny of stel and riche weden
They doth go swithe on sieden (steeds).
(K. Alts. p. 57.)
Wounde = Wounden (wonnds).
Wide were is wmtnde
He tholede harde gtounde, — (Lijric Poems, p. 97.)
Sone y wil with the founden,
Y deye y-wis for thine wounden,— (Ihid. p. 82.)
His deope wounden bledeth fast — {Ibid. p. 112.)
The wonden bledde al longe nijt.
{StBelcet,^. 113.)
Ac overcome nas he nojt, thei is wounden dedliche were.
(R, of 01 fol. 67.)
h he let him lede in to an yle, vor to hele is wounde,
& deide as the beste knijt that me wuste evere yfounde,
(Ibid. 67 b.)
See other example under Honde, Honden, p. xx.
Tonge = Tongen (tongs).
He sat longe and bithojte him : longe hou hit were
He bitho3te him ho hit was : he dro^ forth his tonge
And leide in the hote far : and spac faire longe
Forte the tonge was al afiire : and siththe stille ynou)
The deyel he hente bi the nose. — (8t Dundan, p. 36.)
Tho come ther sache schrewen mo wel thicke bi eche side
With tangen, and with hameres beminge meni on.
(St Brandon, p. 22.)
Sunne = Sunnen (sins).
Godemen, for godes luve,
bileveth eoore sunne, — Rdig, Songs, p. 83.)
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XXIV GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIE&
Nai ! Nai ! hi sballe wel avinde
That hi mid longe wope mote
Of hoie sunnen bidde bote,
Ar hi mote euer kume thare.
{Owl and N. p. 30.)
Wyke = woken (weeks).
Taehuonih & elleue wyke : alle this maidenes were
At Eome with this holi pope.— (2^ 11,000 Virgins, p. 68.)
In thyssere joye we scholde by-louken
Al hyre joyen of vourti woken
The wyles he ^ede with chyld.
(Shoreham, p. 121.)
The following are additional examples of plurals in -e : —
The water was ful of longe reede (reeds).
(K. Alis. p. 210.)
Ac wat etestu, that thou ne li^e,
Bute aMercoppe (spiders), and fule vliy (flies)
An woimes. — {Owl and JSt.y p. 21,)
Ah thah my lif me bed at-schote,
The jet ich mai do gode note,
Me mai upone smale sticke
Me sette a wude ine the thicke,
An swa mai mon tolli him to
Lutle briddes and i-vo.
An swa me mai mid me bi-jete
Wel gode brede to his mete.
(Owl and N. p. 56.)
Of drawing of bowes and stikke (sticks)
Theo eyr bycam tho trouble and thikke.
(K. Alis. p. 168.)
They haueth no wolle to spynne
Heore clothis buth of bestis skynne (skins).
(Ibid. p. 279.)
Ne hy ne han boures ne halles
Ne casteles with hcighe walles
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OBAMMATICAL PECULIAB1T1E& XXY
Dot in tiowes and in denne (dens)
And in roches holed withinne
Thereinne is her wonyghing. — {K, AlU. p. 244.)
This venym creopith under my rthbe (rihs)
That y may no longer libhe. — (Ibid, p. 324.)
The kynedom of heuene ten maidenes iliche is
That is ech maner folc that ne wilneth nojt amis
No folie of flesches wiUe ac thorf the ten hede (commandments)
Lede hys lyf in clennisse.— (iJarZ. 2277, fol. 11 a.)
After numerals, in the older stages of the language, the gen« pL
is properly used, but in 14th-century English the pL is often used.
Of the hul of Olyvet sone hi wende adoim
To the bor) of Jerusalem, and bilevede in the toun
A ]70usend dappe (paces) ther bituene
A ^ousend stappen of such pas a myle nojt hit is.
(Harl. MS. 2277, foL 24.)
Of plurals in e representing older forms in -an, -a, -u (ru)^ numerous
examples might be selected from the Southern literature of the earlier
part of the 13th century.
IL— GBI7rnVB SINGULAR OF FEMININB NOUNS IN *g (REPBESENTINa
OLDER FORMS IN -AN OR •£
The Northern dialect during the thirteenth and fourteenth cen*
turies seems to have adopted the termination -es as the inflexion of
the genitive singular for nouns of all genders. The Southern dia-
lect^ following the usage of the older stage of the language, formed
the genitive of masculine and neuter nouns in -e«, but of feminine
substantives in -«.
Suete Ihesu, king of blysse
Myn huerte loue, min huerte lisse
Thou art suete myd y-wisse
Wo is him that the shal misse. — {Lyric Poems, p. 57.)
Suete Ihesu min huerte lyht
Thou art day with-oute nyht — {Ibid. p. 57.)
For loue thou seje thin heorte blode. — (Ibid, p. 69.)
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XXVi OBAHMATIGAL PBCULIARITUSS.
Thin heorte loue thou sendest us. — {Lyric Poems, p. 73.)
The suert is at myn herte grounde. — (Ibid. p. 81.)
Suete Ihesu min huerte bote
In myn huerte thou sete a rote
Of thi loue. — (Lyric Foetns, p. 57.)
Suete Ihesu min huerte gleem
Bryhtore then the sonne beem
Ybore thou were in Bedlehem. — (Ibid. p. 57.)
Suete Ihesu my aoule fode
Thin werkes bueth bo swete ant gode. — (Ibid* p. 58.)
Ihesu, do me that for for thi name
Me liketh to dreje pyne ant shame^
That is thy a&ide note ant frame
Ant make myn herte milde ant tame. — (Ibid, p. 71.)
So that Barint the olde man rijt at his hurte grounde
Wei wepinge bigan to telle what he er founda — (St Brandan, p. 2.)
The wonde swelth an aketh
So doth the naddre stenge. — (Shoreham, p. 104.)
And (the devele) dede hym in an addre wede
That best was of mest schreuhede of alle beste.
(Ibid. p. 158.)
At the tooke end spake the ermyte
And askede the munke of the spyiyte.
(Roh B. Hand. Syn. p. 61.)
Hit is gode monne i-wone
A was from the toortde frome.
(Or. N. p. 17, 1. 476.)
An nime 3eme of ehirche stevene
Hu murie is the blisse of hovene.
(Owl and N. p. 25.)
Heo mai hire gnld at-wende
A rihte weie thurh ehirche bende. — (Ibid, p, 49.)
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GRAMMATICAL PE0ULIARITIE8. XXVil
But iha^ the prest hys messe do
Inne dedleche senne corse
That saciement man be thou syker
For hym nys n^t worse ; For loke
The saciement nys na[3t] the won
Tha} that ludas hyt toke. — {Shoreham^ p. 27.)
Thie manor peyne man iangeth
For hys Mn^ie nede. — {Ibid, p, 37.)
To wake
Hy thet slepeth ine senne slep
Amendement to maky. — (Ibid, p. 51.)
An hors is strengur than a mon ;
Hit berth on rugge grete semes,
An dn^th bivore grete temes
An tholeth bothe ^erd and spure
An stent i-teid at mtdne dure.
{Owl and N. p. 27.)
The justise het his men openy thovene > (the oven*s) mouth.
{Harl. MS. 2277, foL 96 a.)
Craddok erl of Comwaile is avis sede
That a senatour of rome yhote maximian
Was of the kunde of this londe^ a suithe noble man
Yor he was Leoflines sone that Eleyne uncle was
The gode Constantines sone moder, vor non betere nas.
(R. of Gl foL 32.)
Seynt Jame the gode man ri^t is to habbe in mono
Seint Johnes brother the evangelist Godes aunte sone
His moder was oure leuedi soster.
(Harl MS. 2277, foL 97 a.)
In godhed toke he then way
That to MIe gates lay.
{Harrowing of Hell^ p. 16.)
> Tlus word 18 marked nuueulim by Bosworth.
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tXVm ORAMlf ATICA.L PECULlARlTIBek
Thou wilt me bringe to helle detlL
(Lyr. Poems, p. 103.)
Tho the nabbeth god idon & theriime beth ifonde
He scuUen falle swithe rathe in to lielle gronde
Thaer-inne he scullen wunie buten ore and ende
Ke biecth never eft Crist heUe dure to lese hem of bende.
(iforaZOfe, p. 27, IL 90, 91)
Ac hdle king is oreles with tha the he nud bride.
(Hnd. p. 29, L 109.)
Sone so the quene fader Corineus was ded
He vorsoc is owe wif and astrild made quene.
(R of GL CoH. MS. Calig. A xL foL 11.)
Conan the quene cosvn he clupede tho al stille.
(/6tdL foL 33 h)
Modred is neveu
J crouned him sidve king thoru the quene rede
{R. of Gl. foL 61 a.)
This wes on oure lecedy even.
{PolU. Songs, p. 219.)
This wunne weole (delight of joy) y wole for gon
Ant wyht in wode be fleme. — (Lyr. Poems, p. 44.)
Fram dethe to Ijvb he aros thtirf oure levedi hre.^
(Saints, p. 59.)
The gode f or-horede the fend
Wyth hys hlaundynge stevens (with the voice of his flattery).
(Shoreham, p. 59.)
Ac Edward the other adde thre children hi is wive
An sone that het Edward & dojtren also tueye
Maigarete & Cristine that gode wimmen were beye
This gode children i^te be evermore in munde
Vor Engelond, jif hii nere, were jut out of kunde,
As je mowe ihure her afterward in king Henries lif
1 Cbaocer hus *' our ladif veyl.*' Sm Prolpgue and Canterbury Tales, 1. 695.
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GRAMMATICAL PECUUARITIES. XXUC
How Engelond com to kande ajen ihora the gode quene Mold iwis
That thes Margarete dojter was. Mold the gode queue.
(B.o/Gl.iol 91 h.)
He fond Horn in anne
On Byjnenhilde banne.
{K. Horn, I 706, E. R T. Soc)
The vrord bigan to springe
0£Bymenhilde weddinge. — (Ibid. I 1018.)
He dude Horn inn late
Bi3t at ?ialle gate.— {/Jic?. L 1074.)
A.Sax. ceddre^ a vein.'
Ich haue the leten eddre Mod.
(Of the vox and of the wolf a fabla Relig. Antiq. p. 272.)
Leove moder, quath Lucie : if thu leovest in holi churche
And the wordes of the godspel : & wold ther-after wurche
Thurf tuochinge of Seint Agace Tumbe : thu wost hoi anon.
{Lives of Saints, p. 102, L 33.)
Seint Lucie com
To Seinte Agace holie Tumbe & hire moder with hire nom.
{Ibid. p. 102, L 36.)
To Seinte Liicie norici he wende : and eschte hire faste
What Lucie were so onbicome hire god awei to caste.
{Ibid. p. 103, L 59.)
& Constantin Eleyne son je witeth wel Borne nom
& sutAt^ Maximan that of hor beyre blod ich com.
{R. of 01 foL 60 a.)
Eichard due of Normandie Emms brother the f^uene
Adde an sone that het Boberd. — {Ibid. 99 a.)
A (on) Seinte Marie dai in the leynte biheveded [were] bothe ifere.
{Harl MS. 2277, foL 98 &.)
Crist ycleped hettene lomb com to saynt Ion. — {Relig. Antiq. p. 87.)
1 dene om out the nyn^ blod.— (JTarf. MS. 2217 ^ fol. 14 a.)
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XXX OBAMMATICAL PBCUUARITIB8.
Ihesu Crist heouene king
3ef us alle god endyng
That bone biddeth the.— <Zryr. P., p. 59.)
Ihesu for thi muchele myht
Thou graunte us alle heuene lyht — (Jhid, p. 60.)
Helpe me heuene queue, for thyn ever ycham. — (Ibid, p. 93.)
Suete Ihesu of Kazareth
Thou do us heueiie mede. — (Ibid. p. 112.)
See Uvea of Saivis, p. 103, L 67 ; p. 107, L 202.
in. GENITIVE PLURALS IN -ElfE,
No trace of the Genitive plural in -ene^ -eii (A.-Sax. ena\ is to
be found in the Ormulum, the Bestiary, or Genesis and Exodus,
although examples of this inflexion are common enough in La^amon,
Seinte Marheiete, and other Southern writers of the Semi-Saxon
period. It is entirely absent form any pure specimen of the Northum-
brian dialect of the 14th century, but is frequently employed by
Southern writers as late as A.D. 1387.
Apodlene veet = feet of the apostles.
Tho hym vrith a touwayle-schete Ihesu
After soper by-gerte
And water inta bacyn
Myd a wel mylde herte,
And wesschte
Al his apodlene veet
Thos ordre forthe he lesschte. — (Shoi'eham, p. 51.)
Here god hi soldo stille
And to thapodlen fet hit caste.
(Harl. MS. 2277, foL 25 ft.)
Da^en ende = end of fourty days.
At fourty dajen ende. — (Shoreham^ p. 126.)
Deovlene fere = the companion of devils.
Ich wisse men mid mine songe,
That hi ne sunegi nowiht longe ;
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OBAMMATIOAL PBCULIARITIBS. XXXI
I bidde horn that heo insvike
That heom-seolye ne hi-swicke :
For betere is that heo wepen here
Than elles-hwar to beon deovlene fere.
(Owl 4r N. p. 32.)
Devden princes = princes of devils.
Seue develen prynces beth. — {Shoreham^ p. 109.)
Englene songs = songs of angels.
Go we alle thene wei . for he us wulle bringe
Mid tho faire fewe men . beforen heuene kinge
Ther is aire menithe mest . mid englene songe.
(Moral Ode, p. 33, L 177.)
E^ene toepynge = weeping of the eyes.
Therfore thy schrifte man schel be wythoute stoneynge^
Myd herte loj, and, jef thou myjt,
Myd thyn e^ene wepynge. — (Shoreham^ p. 35.)
Feenden mestrye •=• power of the fiends ; fenden jewyse = judg-
ment of fiends (devils).
Schelde ous wanne wo deade beth
Fram alle feenden mestrye. — {IMd, p. 84.)
I-schelde ous wanne we dede beth,
Fram dX\&fendene jewyse. — (Ibid. p. 85.)
Fowden Parays = Parish of Fowls.
Ther is oure gode procuratour that moche god ous haveth ido
In the Fwoden Parays and ine the Lond of Schep also.
(St. Brandan, pp. 16, 17, 11. 353, 365, 379.)
Bedyn hyng = king of beasts.'
That hestyn kyng
Hys kynde may he noght forgo. — (Octavian^ p. 177.)
Doggen = of dogs.
A dosyn of doggen
Ne myhte hiredrawe. — (PMt. Songs, p. 239.)
1 Treyiaa (1387) bas hetUme (or hettoim) kynde.— (Cb^t MS. Vttp. D vii, foL 62 h,)
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XXXii GRAMMATICAL PECULIABItlBS.
Grometi/e = cf grooms (men).
Gobelyn made is gemer
Of gromene maw. — (Palit, Songa^ p. 238.)
Jewene lawe = law of the Jews.
To fejewene lawe. — (Cott. Vesp., D. vii, foL 148 K)
GytDene wiUe = will of the Jew&
Pilatus thuif the gywene wille : him demde therta
(Life of PUaie, p. lU, L 103.)
Oywene fahhede =^fal8ehood of the Jews.
Whan thou underjete, quath themperour : the gywene falshede
Whi naddestou ispeke ther a^e : and desturhed the lithere dede.
{Life ofPUate, p. 116, L 200.)
Eeg legum, that is kyngene kyng. — (Cott. Veep., D, vii, fol. 282 &.)
Prophetene = of the prophets.
The man that healdeth thys two
Of chaiy te the heastes
Al he folueth the lawe of gode
And prophetene gestes. — (Shoreham, p. 92.)
Alle golden day = Day of All Souls or All Souls' Day.
& eke quath thangel that thou telle the pope her-of sone
That me holde alle soiden day as ri3t is to done
& as wide as holi churche that he makie his heste
The morwe after alle halewen day ' that me holde thulke feste
That ech man ententifliche as forth as he may
For alle the soulen in purgatorie hidde thulke day.
(Harl MS. 2277, foL U6 a.)
Alle aotden day an urthe irijt is to holde heje. — {Ibid.)
Souenijt he hilevede ther: for-to alle Soulen day. — {St Bekety p. 58.)
Soulen = Of SouL
Tlier cometh two maner Soulen. — {Harl MS. 2277, foL 131.)
1 Alle BdUwen day « AU Hallows' Day ». All Saints' Day. (See Lifi of Si
Ihmstan, p. 39, 1. ISl, where phrase Alle htUewtne mtUe gladbeothn all the souls
of the saints are joyful.)
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GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES. XXXUl
Spousebrechene sawe = words of adulterers.
These spousebrecJien sawe. — {Shorehamy p. 62.)
Tren rynde ^ The "bark of trees.
Schipes they haven y-hote pyrates
In the water is heore gates :
Whan hit is ebbe, up they buth
Whan hit is flod, y-scheot they beoth
Heo buth }Tnad of oysers y fynde
And y-bounde al with tren rynde.
(King Alls, p. 255, 1. 6187.)
Wermene mete ^ Meat of worms.
Huet is man bot velthe and a zechvol of donge, toermene mete.
{Ayenhite, p. 216.)
Thomene croune = Crown of thorns.
Hy to-flteke hys swete hefed
Wyth one thomene coroune. — (Slwreharriy p. 85.)
See also Harl. MS. 2277, fol. 13 b.
Occasionally we find -e as well as -ene^ as the sign of the genitive
plural, as in the following examples :
Bole hvden = Hides of bulls.
Hi leten hem dijte a gret schip, and above it al bi-caste
With hole huden stronge ynou ynailed (therto faste).
{St Brandan, p. 5.)
Engle ^ manne hlisse = Bliss of angels and men.
He (God) one mai & seal beo engle & manne blisse.
{Moral Ode, p. 33, 1. 189.)
Alle halewe = Of all Saints.
a church he let rere
Of oure loverd & alle hateice : in thulke place there
Six hondred jer & fyve : oure loverd ther bifore
Of Marie his swete moder : an urthe were ibore
The church that was of oure levedi & of alle halewen ifonde
Stont 3ut & is icleped Marie la roimde.
{Harl MS, 2277, foL 144.)
d
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XXXIV GRAMMATICAL PSCULIARITIEB.
Aire devde wei =: The way of all Devils.
& this tuei enchantours to grounde hem overcome
& dryve hem an aire devde wey.
{Harl MS. 2277, foL 121 a.)
hi also
Schulle gon an aire devde wei bote god nyme ^eme ther to.
{Ibid. foL 145 h.)
Vyf myle wei = The way of five miles.
In pais hi wende forth here wey : & the bodi with hem toke
Vyf myle wei hi were awend : er thothere awoke.
{Lives of SaintSj p. 56.)
Tweidy myle weyes = The ways of twenty miles.
Twenty myle weyes and mo
!N'o myght men astiyde go
Bote he step ondede men,
In dale, in downe, in wode, in fen.
{K. AUs. p. 183, L 4446.)
Manne lif^r. life of men.
Alle manne lif = the live of all men
We scullen aire manne * lif icnawe ther also ure owe.
{Moral Odey p. 27, L 82.)
Alle childe = of all children.
The eldeste soster of hem ^reo ouie levedi swete & mylde
Bar oTire loverd Ihesu Crist best of alle childe.
{Harl. MS. 2277, foL 37 a.)
AUe thinge = of all things.
Faipeirt of alle thinge.— {Ibid. foL 38 a.)
(See Moral Ode, p. 33, L 177.)
Aire beme = of all children.
Marie cleophee
Hadde tuei holie sones bi hire loverd Zebedee
Seint Jame the holi man & seint Johan the wangelist
That was aire beme best mid onr loverd Ihesu Crisi
{Harl MS. 2277, foL 35 b.)
^ Manne as (he gen. pi. is used by TreyiBa (a.d. 1387) in Cott. MS. Yesp. D
Til, fol 286 a.
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GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES. XXXY
v. Traces of the genitive singular nouns in -« are not very
common, and they are remnants either of the n declension or of
that class of masculines in -u or -o, which made the genitive singular
in -a.
EXAMPLES :
" How he lepte with myght and mayne
on the dede back."
(Ram. ofOctaviaTi, p. 217, L 1446.)
In is wode rage he wende
Vor to awreke ^ is unde deth.
(K of Gl. Cott MS. Calig. A xiy foL 65 a.)
Eidde we seinte Marie
For hire milde mode,
For the teres that heo wep
For hire sone blod. — (Rdig, Poems^ p. 84.)
Ich cristni the in the vader name
And 8one^ and Holy Ghostes.
{ShorehairCs Poems^ p. 10.)
Fowel for thi false sawe
For beddi (I forbid) the this wode schawe ;
Thou fare into the filde. — (Rdig, Antiq. p. 245.)
Whil y wes a clerc in scole, wel muchel y couthe of lore,
Ych haue tholed for thy love woundes fele sore ;
Fer from hom ant eke from men, under the wode gore.
(Lyr, Poeins, p. 91.)
He let his schup stonde
And jede to londe ;
His folc he dude abide
Under vmde side.
(K. H(ym, p. 29, L 1024, E. K T. S.)
1 Marsh treats unde (and quene) as following nnder the same rule as brother^
moder^ da^ter^ which dropped the genitiYe inflexion in A.-Saxon writers,
d2
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XXXVl
GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
AthiiK heo sede be blithe
And to Horn thou go wel swithe
He is under wude bo^e
And with him kni^tes inoje. — (Ibid, p. 35, 1. 1227.)
ADJECTIVES.
The adjective in the Southern dialects retains most of the older
inflexions. In the Northern dialects the distinction between the
definite and indefinite forms of the adjective is not preserved, and
the final -e in the plural is for the most part disregaided.
I. DECLENSION OF THE ADJECTIVE.
I. DEFXIFITX FORM.
God (good), the gode (the good).
8IHGnT.AR.
PLURAI>.
Muc. Fern. Neut.
Nom.
gode gode gode
Nom.
goden 1
gode i
Gen.
^ , ] of all genders
gode )
G«n.
seldom used
gode )
Dat.
goden ^
gode j " "
Dat.
goden
gode
Ace
«*^«^) gode gode-,
gode )
Ace.
goden 1
gode )
II. INDEPINITJ
B! DECLENSION.
God(
good).
SmOULAB.
PLtTBAL.
Mase. Fern, NeuL
Nom.
god god god
Nom. & Ace. gode
Gen.
godes* godre* godes
Gen,
godre*
Dat.
godre' gode
( goden j ^ ^
Dat.
gode
goden
Ace.
godne gode god
1 The genitive form of the indefinite adjcctiye is more often used in indefinite
and demonstrative words than in other adjectives.
' Seldom used.
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GRAMMATICAL FECULIABITIES. ZXXVU
He (God) wytbstent the prouden. — {STwreham, p. 107.)
And pe children ham lovie togidere and heuly ^e uelajrede of )»e
greaten, — (Ayenhite^ p, 139.)
Yor })enie dya]> hi clepie)> lyf and ^ane dya^ })et is to ^e guoden
beginnynge of liue hi hit clepie^ fan ende. — (Ibid, p. 72.)
Alsuo tekf fe wiitinge fet me ssel zeche red ate yealden and
najt mid f e yonge, f e ne bye]> ni^t yproued in nyedea ac mid ]»e
yealde })et habbe)> yzoje and yproued ]>e )>inges, ]>et is f et wyt and
])et red. Yor fan fet Eoboam, Salomounes zone, yorlet fane red
of fe yealden guode men, yor fane red of yonge he vorleas f e
gratteste del of his kingdome.— (/W^. p. 184.)
For jyf thy ¥ryl rejoth more
In enyes kunnes thynges
Bote yn God .... thou ne anourest God aryjt.
{Shoreham^ p. 95.)
Yuolf quad the vox him tho
Al that thou havest her bifore ido.
In thouht, in speche, and in dede.
In euche otherea kunnes quede
Ich the fo]^eye at thisse nede.
{Rdig. Aiitiq^. p. 277.)
Herbi f ou mijte wel imderstonde,
])at on his areu, fat ofer schonde,
To stele to operea mannea bedde. — {Owl ^ N. p. 51.)
Bysshopes and barounes to the kynges pes,
Ase men that weren fals, fykel and les,
Othes hue him sworen in stude ther he wes,
To buen him hold ant trewe for aUes cunnes res.
(Camden Society's Polit SongSy p. 214.)
And what may f e dyches be
But hire f olemode poverty
])at nones kunnes assaylyng
Ne may derve fe tour for no f ing.
(Ca8telofLove,l 865.)
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XXXVIU GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
Urea formes faderea gult we abigget alle. — {Moral Ode, p. 28.)
... . f es worlde lis wule fordrenche
Meat alle men he jive^ drinke of one deofles scenche
He sceal him cunne sculde wel, ^if he him nele screnche
Mid ealmihtiea godes luve ute Jje us biwerien
Wid (fix)m) J>e8 wrecches worldes luue, Jjat he ne mawe us derien.
(Ibid: p. 32.)
Elche rune he ihuid & he wot alle dede
He ))ur^'-6ih^ dch^ mannes ]>anc ])at seal us to rede.
{Ibid, p. 25.)
He is dches godes fuL — {Ihld. p. 33.)
Ther com to ous a jung man suythe fair and honde,
He welcomede ous everechon mildeliche and suete
And nemnode evereches owe name and wel myldeliche ous gan grete.
{St Brandan, p. 3.)
The fox so godne ne can (knows) nanne
The (though) he kunne so vele wrenche.
OwZ^iV.p. 28.)
Ich wot hwo schal beon anhonge,
Other eHeafulne deth afonge. — {Ibid, p. 41.)
And hit is grat wonder thet hi loketh zuich wiefiehlene castel as
hare fyeble bodye aye zuych arte strangne vend ase is the dyeuel of
Yi^Q,—{Ayenbite, p. 227.)
Yor alsuo ase the angles of heuene habbeth grat glednesse of ane
zenejere huanne he him repenteth and deth penonce vor his zennes,
alsuo the dyevelen ham gledieth huanne hi mo3e overcome and do
valle into zenne aiie guodne man ; and the more thet he is of grat
stat and the parfiter, the more heth he the gratter glednesse huanne
he him may gyly, ase the vissere heth more blisse vor to nime ane
gratne visse thane ane littlene, — {Ibid, p. 238.)
Kon yzij ane yongne boryeia and ane newene knijt. Mochel
habbeth thos of vele tho3tes, newei diverses, and wylvolle. — {Ibid.
p. 161.)
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QUAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES. XXXIX
Of alle thiBe yefthes (of kende, of hap, and of grace) we ssel thonM
god and send vor thet hi cometh alle of him. Ths^les the pioude
hise zelth to the dyevele vor thane valsne peny of ydele hlisse.
(Ayenbitey p. 24.)
thaj me godne sckele hem teUe,
NaiL)t hyt ne ganth (avails).
{ShorehanCa PoemSy p. 136.)
I wylle me ssrive and ich wille zigge alle mine zennes aye me,
na^t of othretiy ne ayens othren as doth the ypocrites. — {Ayenbitey p.
175.)
Efterward the ssrifte ssel by yhol najt to-deld ine vele ssriveres.
Vor me ssel zigge al to onen, najt o del to onen and thet other del to
anothreriy vor god ne taketh none hede of zuiche tales.— (/W^. p. 175.)
Hit is more zenne in one stede thane ine anothren. — {Ibid,)
Thanne ssel he verst yzy the zeue dyadliche zennes, of huychen
we hahbeth above yspeke, and yholliche of echen him ssrive be than
thet he him yvelth gelty, no-thing to hele, nothing wyth-zigge, na3t
him to defendi ne nenne othrenne wray. — {Ibid, p. 175.)
Hy ne thencheih ne studieth bote ham zelve to avonci and othren
to harml Thet wyt is the develes wyt ase zayth Saint Jacob, thet
eche daye him vondeth othren to harmy. — {lUd. p. 82.)
For hyre poer nys nou^t y-lessed
Ac toup alle othren hys y-blessed.
{Sh-oreham, p. 127.)
To nanen, — {Ayenbitey p. 121.) To echen,— {Ibid, p. 122.)
To allm.—{Ibid. p. 145.) Be enm (by one).— (/&wZ. p. 129.)
He wile deme eorinne be his dedes. — {Ibid, p. 134.)
In the herte of evrichen, — {Ibid, p. 146.)
II. Inflected Article (Definite).
In the Ormvlum the definite article is uninflededy the only
remnant of the older inflexions being the phrase (still retained at the
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GRAMMATICAL PEGULIABITIES.
present day) * for than anes ' = for the nonce. So, too, in the North-
em dialect during the £. Eng. period the article remains the same
for all genders and cases — ^but net in the Southern dialect, in which
the masculine, feminine, and neuter forms, and some case endings, were
preserved as late as the middle of the fourteenth century, if not much
later.
In the Northern dialect that is the demonstrative adjective ; in
the Southern it is the neuter of the definite article.
Mate,
8INGULAB.
Fern,
Nom. J)e, \ ])eo,
^^^^jj,are,}>ere,
Gen. ^_, , ^
J)ar, Jjer,
Dat ])an, ])are, ]>ere.
fane,
peno,
j)en.
fo,
NetU.
(fat.
Ijwt.
jj,e«.»
j)an.'
fan.
Nom. and Ace. f o, |>eo, fa.
Gen.
Dat.
fare,
/fan.
( fane.
EXAMPLES :
Zueche tyeares drivef ^ane dyevel uram f e herte as fe^ weter
cachchef }paiie hond out of fe kechene, — (Ayenhite, p. 171.)
be f ise virtue (pacience) f e guode overcomef alle
his vyendes, fatie dyevel, f e wordle and pet vless. — (Ibid, p. 167.)
Yor huanne man him berf hate to f e torment and pe zaule and
fet bodi, zuo f et f e man ne may slepe ne non rest habbe, ofer huyl
him benimf pane mete and pane drinke and makef him valle ine ane
fevre ofer ine zuiche zorje fet he nimf pane dyaf . — {IMd, p. 31.)
f OS he lyest al his time and pe nijt and pane day. — (Ibid. p. 52.)
Loke fet f ou halji pane day of f e Sabat — {Ibid, p. 7.)
^ These forms are seldom used after 1300.
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GRAMMATICAL PECULIABITIBB. xli
serve ]>me sseppere fei him lestede pane zevende
day of workes pet he hedde ymad ine pQ zix dayes bevore.
{Ibid. p. 4.)
Go we pene narewe wei & fene wei grene.
{Moral Ode, p. 32.)
Ei3t so hit far^ hi pan ungode
psit no3t ne anp to none gode.
And is so fill of uyele wienche,
pAt him ne mai no man at-prenche^
And can wei pane J^ursstere wai
And pane hn^te wei lat awaL — {Owl 4f N' p. 9.)
Tho hit was Eve tfiane Sonedai the deuelen come hlaste.
{St Brandan, p. 27.)
The thrid dai tJian amorow grisful hit sal be to loke.
{Early Eng, PoemSy p. 9.)
And so he lay al thulke tyme : and also thane friday.
He let clipie the Saterday the freres bifore him alle
And bed alle godne da,y,— {Lives of SaintSy p. 39, L 198.)
. . . . Ofte heo gaf hem mede
For to faste tJuine fridai : to watere and to brede.
{Ibid, p. 71.)
And God zayj) ine his spelle J)et huo pet zenejej) aye pane holy
gost he ne ssel nevie habbe merci ine piae wordle ne ine pe opTQ,
{AyenbitCy p. 28.)
To quendride his li))ere soster anon he gan wende
And tolde here al pe Upeie cas : fram bigynninge to pan ende.
{Lives of Saints, p. 53, L 198.)
He com of pan adel eye. — Owl ^ N. p. 6, L 133.)
Also hit is hi pan ungode
Jjat is icnmen of fule brode. — {Ibid. p. 6, L 129.)
Ine po manere and ine po vorbisne hep pe ])ri states of Godes
zone ine er]?e, huiche pe holy gost let and conduep, aze zayp Sainte
'2iiMe\.—{AyenbUey p. 122.)
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Xlii GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
8eynt Jame seythe that oreyson
Of ther holy byleve
Of hiis siknesse helthe wynthe,
That no fend achal reve the helj^e.
(ShorehairCs Poems^ p. 41.)
Ich am that lyjt
Of alle titer wordle tounde aboute.
(Ibid. p. 49.)
. . . ther mot atter spousynge
Be ryjt aaent of bothe,
Of man and of ther wymman eke. — {Ibid-, p. 57.)
bytemesse of mode
That hiis thare saule galle. — (Ibid, p. 92.)
Therthe schok, the sonne dym bycom
In tfiare tyde.— (Ibid. p. 86.)
Therfore nae helle naujt yschet,
No develyn therinne naa5t ydut,
Ine thare ciybbe. — (Ibid, p. 157.)
])o stod on old stoc par beside,
pBi fo vie song hire tide,
And was mid ivi al bi growd ;
Hit was pare hole earding-stowe. — (Old ^ N. p. 2.)
j)e ni^tingale hi iscj,
And ])U}te wel wl of fare hale. — (Ibid. p. 231.)
Wostu to fan man was ibore ?
To fare blisse of hovene riche. — (Ibid, p. 25.)
* J)e wranne, for heo cuf e singe,
War com in fare more3eiing
To helpe pare nijtegale. — (Ibid. p. 69.)
Of fisse riche (heaven) we fenchet oft
& of pere (helle) to selde. — (Moral Ode, p. 32.)
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GRAMMATICAL PSCULIARITIBB. xHil
To pere bliase us biinge god. fe lixlet abuten ende.
(Moral Ode, p. 34.)
In Shorebam's poems we bave an example of tbe pL dative pane.
For ase wymman com of the ryb
Of tbe mannes ryjt syde,
So bolycbe spouse of God
Sprange of thane wonden wyde.
(Shoreham, p. 80.)
III. Many of tbe older forms of this, wbolly unknown in tbe
KoTtbem dialect^ are preserved in the Southern until a very late
period. It appears to have been declined as follows.
BINQULAB.
FLUBAL.
Mase, Fern. Newt,
( J>eos, J>os, X •
Nom.fes,»])is, | j,^^i j K
Nom. J>eos, J>e8, Jos, J>is, Jise.
Gen. ])iBes, ]>i88e, )>i8es.
Gen. J>ise, Jjisse.
Dat. f!^' 1 fisse, j)ise.
J>isen, ) ' '
Dat. J)ise, J>isen.
Ace. ^^y^ \ ^g^ jis.
feme,* )' '
Aoc. fee, f ise.
\>e8 boj he J monie tuygges. — {Ayenhiie, p. 41.)
& ynpyjm& a lytel stounde pea man fat semede so colde & a fyle
mesel werf whyt & fajrr A sty^ up in to pe aer.
(CoUon MS: Vesp. D mi, foL 145 a.)
)^ William r^nede ])iyttene ^er a monf lasse.
(JUd. fol. 145 a.)
\>e8 Odo wastede & destruyede f e kyng bys rentes and escheytes.
{Ihid.)
J)es Edward was veyr of body. — {Ibid, fol. 291 h,)
)>e8 (= this man, Le, Lotharius) was a lettrede man.
. (/&|-d foL 280 i.)
1 Hetained as late u 1387. ' Bctaiued as late as 1340. .
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xliV GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
Ill hys vurde ^er pes (Honorius) changede
])e copes of freres camies.
{CoUm MS. Vesp, D vii, fol. 288 h,)
J)es seyde pat he was Ihesus Crist. — {lUd, fol. 283 h,)
}>eo8 Corsa hadde a bole.— {/6id foL 28 b,)
))ue8 mayde was ywedded to Eobert de Brui^. — {Ibid, foL 284.)
He lay by yties mayde. — {Ibid. fol. 272 a.)
J^areuore pe kyng caste to wedde Jmes wynche. — {Ibid,}
peos (these) pre lawes. — {Ibid, foL 45.)
puss (these) uorsede men .... chese pe uorsede Edwaid pe
eldere to be here lord.— {Ibid. foL 289 6.)
pues voure breddes (birds) quap pe kyng bep my voure sones.
{Ibid, 270 b.)
On helle is unger & perst, vnele tuo ifere
pos pine poliede po pe were mete nithinges here.
{Moral Ode, p. 29.)
Sculde him elc man pe wile he mai of p05 helle pine. — {Ibid, p. 31.)
peos hule abod fort (until) hit was eve. —{Owl ^ N. p. 2.)
Ac lete we awei po« cheste. — {Ibid, p. 7.)
Heo bigan to sike sore : and in thojte stbd
Alias heo seide that ich scholde thisrie day evere abide.
{Lives of SaintSy p. 51.)
"Wend he seide whan thu horn comest to Edward joure kyng
And sai him that he for was love he 3af thisne ring
Him sende here his ring ajen and thonkede him also.
{Ibid, p. 106.)
Mid graate wiUe Ich habbe feme paske ywylned, pet is to zigge
feme dyap, pwe* ssame, fise wendinge. — {Ayenbitej p. 133.)
perns = feme, is peculiar to tiie Kentish dialect, and occurs in the
poems of Shoreham.*
^ }pia$ shows that 89ame and wending$ are feminine nouns.
3 For thou areredst them» storm. — {Shoreham, p. 161.)
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GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES. xlv
Of fisen we habbej? vayre vorbysne. — (Ayenbite, p. 218.)
In pise bene (fern.) pet we doJ> to gode we bezechej ane yeff e of
J)e holy goat— (Ibid. p. 89.)
Tliissere (gen. and dat. sing, fern.), A.S. yissere ; Thissere (gen.
and dat. pL), A.S. pissera occur in Shorebam's poems.
To thyssere joyen (joys) schoUe be y-leyd (placed) alle the
joyen that ino3e (may) be yseyd (named). — (SJioreham, p. 126.)
To thyesere joye longye (belong) schoUe alle the joyen that
hyre (to her) foUe (may befaU) of hyie chylde God.— (7&w?. p. 123.^)
6. The plural of Adjectives (mostly of Komance origin) in -e^, as
waieres prindjpaleSf is unknown to the Northern dialect.
IV. Degrees of Comparison.
Adjectives ending in -lich (sing.), -^iche (pL), often form the com-
parative in 'Inker or -loker (Kentish 4aker). This inflexion is
unknown in the Northern dialect, in which the affix -ZicA becomes -lik
(-like) -Zy, and the distinctions between the singular and plural forms,
as well as that between the adjective in -Itch and the adverbial in
-liche, are lost sight o£
The affix -lieh has not given us the more modem -ly. It is pro-
bable that this latter form has ansen &om -llg (thus barley, originally
berlic, is corrupted into berlig and berley).
Traces of this corruption occur in the Ormulum, in which we meet
with the double endings of adjectives and adverbs in -like and -U^.
V. Numerah,
Some Southern numerals (ordinals) end in -thSf as seofethA (sevethe),
seventh ; ei^tethe, eighth ; neo^ethe (nithe), ninth ; tetJie (tethe),
tenth.*
The corresponding Northern numerals end in -wJe, -?if£, as sevend^
arMande, negJiend, fend^ and are doubtless of Danish origin.
The Kentish dialect, like the old Frisian, prefers -nde to 4?ie,
^ See pp. 63, 96,1121, 127 of Shoreham's poems.
* The forms in -nth are Midland Tarieties,
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zlvi
QRAlfMATICAL PEGULIABITIB8.
1. Dropping of the final -n.
Seoven (seven), neojen (nine), in the Southern dialect, frequently
drop the final -n^ as seove (sove) ; neo^e, neje.
Yi. Adjectives peculiar to the Southern dialect,
^Ikf piUcSy ^ulkj \ulke (older forms, fellich^ ^Uiche) = this,
these, suoh-like, are not employed by Northern writers. They are
still retained in the modem provincial dialect under the form thick^
thucky thicky.
Bather, bathers (of both), same, twin (two), thrin (three),
slikcy silky sic (such), pir, J>er, fere (these), are unknown to Southern
writers.
PKONOUNS.
Our pronouns are substantially Northern ones. The Southern
dialect had many pronominal forms which never occur in any
Northern writer.
The following table exhibits most of the Southern forms, in use
during the xiiith and zivth centuries : —
I. The personal pronouns are : Ich (I), ftt, \>ou (thou), Tie (he),
Jieo (she), hit (it).
8INGULAB.
DUAL,
PLURAL.
Nom.
Ich, uch,
fU, J)OU.
Nom.
wit,
we.
Gen.
min, mi.
fW K
Gen.
unker.
ure, ur.
Dai
Dat.
line,
Ace.
me,
K
Ace.
unk,
hunke, ,
ous, us.
Nom.
get, git,
?e,ye.
Gen.
( gunker,
I inker.
( eower,
I jure, youre.
Dat.
gunk.
eow, ow, ou,
jou, yow.
Ace.
ink,
' nun and |>m are used before words begianing with a Towel ;'mi and |>i before
a consonant They follow the declension of the adjeotiye, maldng in the obliqae
cases mifte, ]>ittej minen, \>inen, &c.
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Nom. I ha, -<
'he,
8IN6UUUI.
Mase. Fern, Neut,
heo, "
hi,
he,
hue,
GRAMMATICAL PECTrLIARITlES.
PLUBAL.
zlvii
hit,
it
Gen.
Dat
Ace.
his, hire, hia.
hiTYi^ hire, him,
hine, ( , . ' ) hit.
him,
(fâ„¢')hi
' 1 it
his, )
Nom. hi, hii, heo, hue.
f hire, here, heore,
( huere, hor.
Dat heom, huem, hem, horn.
Ace. hi, his, hise.
Ich^ or Uch is still retained in the modem Southern dialects
under the forms Uch and u^chy^ and occasionally contracted into ch
(as cham = I am, chell, chilly I will). Robert of Gloucester fre-
quently writes IchoUe = Ich wolle, I will ; Ickot = Ich woty I know,
/c,* Iky /,* are corresponding Northern forms.
/ occasionally occurs in the Southern dialect: (1.) before verbs
commencing with a denial or naeal^ as / nam, I am not j / noty I
know not ; (2.) after verbs, as mostiy I must ; woUt/y I will.
Thritti wynter and thridde half yer
Havy woned in londe her.
{Harroudng of HeUy p. 16.)
Thou miht wyten in thy lay
That mine woUy have away. — {Ibid,)
Thah men to me han onde,
To love nuly noht wonde
Ne lete for non of tho. — {Lyric Poemsy p. 29.)
There thou me nou, hendest in helde
Navy the none haimes to hethe. — {Ibid. p. 37.)
^ In the earlier periods of the kngnage, Ic is the ordinary fonn.
.^* Many editors hare incorrectly printed to instead of ich for the contraction P.
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Xlviii GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
Mosti ryden by Rybbesdale
Wilde wymmen forte wale.
{Lyric Poems, p. 33.)
Ne sixtu wel ieham aliue, ichoUe segge hou it is.
{B. of 01. foL 51 a.)
Hii verde icliot as gydie men mid wan no red nas. — {Ibid.)
Icliolle sulle min (lif) dere ynou. — (Ibid. fol. 67 6.)
Thulke Woden adde a wyf that ycluped was Dame Frye
A Latin Dame Venus as ichabbe ysed nou tuye.
(Ibid. fol. 69 a.)
An bendy bap ichabbe y-bent
IcJiot from beuene it is me sent.
{Lyric Poems, p. 28.)
See Lyric Poems, p. 94.
Vor icJiam mid min fon in ecbe baK biset
& ^if ichom may ouercome. tboru 30U the bet
Icb 30a woUe mid me at-bolde and in gret ricbesse 30a do.
{R. of Gl. fol. 39.)
For wolny, nvlni, bi snl fle and tbat in-to tbe pine of beUe.
{Early Eng, PoemSy p. 12.)
II. A or Ha = He,
Tbis form is very common in all tbe Soutbem dialects, but never
occurs in any Nortbem writer. It is still preserved in tbe modern
provincial dialects of tbe Soutb of England.
Moi belovad be loik a raw or a yoong bart : Zee ! a' stand'tb
bebind our wall a' look'tb voatb at tb' winders, zbowing biszel droo
th* lattice. — {Song of Solomon, Somersetsbire version.)
Tba voice uv ma beluvid! bebold ha com'tb laipin apin tba
mowntins. — {Song of Sfdomon, Devonsbire version.)
Eveiy body kneows owld Bamzo, as wears bis yead 0' one zide.
One nigbt a was coming wboame vrom market, and veil oflfs bos into
tbe road, a was zo drunk. — {AkermarCs Wiltshire Tales.)
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ORAMMATIOiLL PECULIARITIES. xHz
Treyisa uses a as an indefinite of the 3rd pers. pro. = he, she,
it, they.
Hy (they) habbe]) no wodes J>erfore a make]) ham fdyr of tomes.
{Cott, M8., Vesp. D vii, foL 28.)
))ar bn]) also cicade bryddes ^at syngge]) atte beste & habbe^ a
pipe opon onder J>e ])rote & syngge]) betre whane ]>e heued is offe ])an
whyle hyt ys on <fe betre whanne a bef deed J>an whyle ^ay buj>
alyve.— (jr&iW. fol. 29 h,)
He ran home to uore & prayede hys wyf J>at hue wolde helpe for to
saue hym ]>at as moche as hus my^te hue scholde make here self uouly
bote a dude pe contrary, &c. — (Ibid, foL 222.)
Yn ))i3 ylond growe]) a ston ])at hatte gagates ; . . . . a ys ablak
as gemmes buj> a brennef jii water, Ac. — {TrevUay quoted in
Morris Specimens of Early English, p. 334.)
Also ])er ys yn fe cop of an hul a buryol ; everych man J>at come J)
& mete]) ])at buriel a schal fynde hyt evene ryjt of hys onne meete &
^ef a pylgiym o])er eny wery man kneole]) ])erto, anon a schal bo al
fersch & of werynes schal he feele non nuy. — (Ibid. p. 337.)
This pronoun is used by Robert of Gloucester and Shoreham.
King Arthure i^en ])e brest is felawe verst ahitte,
^en pe brust ))at a vul & ne mi^te no leng sitte.
(R. of Ghy Cott. MS.y Calig. A xi, foL 67 h)
Ac a deythe (dies) and he not (knows not) wanne (when).
(ShorehanCs PoemSy p. 3.)
In the foreheved the crouche a set (setteth). — {Ibid. p. 15.)
Ha (Crist) grade *hely' to hys fader.— ^/frk?. p. 86.)
Dan Michael uses only the older form Ha ' = he.
Ha beat (beats) and smit and (both) wyf and children ase ha
were out of his wytte. — {Ayenbitey p. 30.)
1. Hine (ace.). Him.
In the Southern dialect hine is found as late as 1340. It still
In tke older stage of the langnage, called Semi-Saxon, ha = she and they.
e
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1 GRAMMATICAL PEOULIABITIES.
exists in the modem proyincial dialects of the South of England
under the forms -en or -un. No trace of this accusative is to be found
in any Northern writers ; nor is it used in the Ormulum, one of the
earliest of Midland productions, -where its place is supplied by the
dative him,
EXAMPLES.
A kni^t wyth one scharpe spere
Stang hi/ne i the ry3t syde.— (>S7iareA/i7»V PoemSy p. 86.)
pe dyevel |>erto proprelich uonde)) ]>ane man : ])et he hitie my^te
wyfdMge uram J>e loue of God. — {Ayenbite^ p. 116.)
pe wrechche ne ]>engjy of him J>et hine halt — {Ibid, p. 128.)
Third Personal Pronouriy Feminine,
The Southern personal pronoun of the 3rd person is Zfeo, which
occasionally takes other forms, as Hi (Kentish), as hue (South
"Western). Heo, He^ Hue, is used as late as 1 387. See extracts, p. xlix.
The corresponding Northern form is Sco or Sh>o (Midland Sche),
which seems to have arisen out of the older (or A.S.) Seo or Sio,^
and gradually to have crept into the Southern dialect towards the
end of the xivth century, for we find it once or twice in Trevisa's
translation of Higden's Polychronicon (1387), where h^ or hue ia the
ordinary form.*
" Siborea made gret mone to-fore Judas of here wrechehede lyf &
sorouful ; how hso hadde yput here yonge sone in to J)e stremes, how
h£o lost here hosbond sodeynliche & how shee was ymaryed a^enes
here wy]le J*— (Cotton MS,, Veep, D viz, fol. 137 a.)
Hi or Ay, her, ace, is used as late as 1327-77.
The ni^tingale hi isej (the owl)
And hi bihold and over-sej,
An thu^te wel wl of thare hule
For me hi halt lodlich and fule. — (Owl ^ N, p. 2.)
1 ^^sshe, ocean once in the Ayenbite, p. 102. In the story of Genesis and
Exodoa (£. Midland dialect) sye (age) occurs several times.
s I do not find an earlier instance of the use of ahe in any pure Southern writer.
It should be noticed, perhaps, that such a form as mo or no would not beoomo ehe
but ae (ze) or «i (si) ; but the arises out of a form like eceo or tea.
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OBAMHATICAL PSCULIARITISS. 11
And [thu] lordest hi to don shome
An unrijt of *hiie licome. — {Owl ^ N. p. 36.)
Senne (= fern.) hys swete and lyketh,
Wanne a man hi deth
And also eoure hy bryketh (= brooketh)
Wane lie venjaonce y-setb.
{Shoreham^s Foema, p. 102.)
To healde hy (ertbe) op byt nys no ned. — (Ibid. p. 136.)
Personal Pronouny Srd Person Plural,
Hit, Hi, Heo^ = tbey ; heore^ hure^ huere^ hor, hare = tbeir, h£om
(huem, Jieniy hom^ ham) =tbem, are Soutbem fonns (retained as late
as 1387), the corresponding Northern ones being Thai (tha), thair
(thar), thaim (tham).*
Hi^ them, is retained as late as 1327-77 by Shoreham.
EXAMPLES.
Ac he that ine saule is Strang,
That he with-stent hi a)le,
And hardeliche hert othre men,
Adoun that hi ne falle.
ac stonde. — {Sht/rehanCa PoemSy p. 14.)
Anon ]>e foend fondeth hy so,
And he ne spareth nanne. — {Ibid, p. 16.)
See also pp. 92, 94, 97, 112.
The forms hor and horn are, perhaps, Western and South-western
forms. The Kentish dialect employs hare (hire) and ham,
Hise {HiSy w), (ace.) = them.
Until I saw the Midland version of Genesis and Exodus, I was
under the impression that hiee (is) = them, was peculiar to the South-
em dialect. But though it makes its appearance in some of the Mid-
^ B$ »- they (East Midkod) aeenu to haye arisen out of Hia or Hie,
* T^rity TUm (them), are Midland yarietiea. )»^, I'tf^r, occur in the Ormulam.
)^ ooeara in an East Midland MS., Trin. CoL, Camb. (xiiitb cent.), and in the
Storj of Geneaii and Exodus. ^<ty is used occasionally by Treyisa.
e2
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lii ORAMMATIGAL PECULIARITIES.
land dialects, having Southern tendencies, it is never employed by
any Northern writer.
Dr Guest has shown that this pronoun answers to the Gothic ins,
ace. of eis. The oldest form of the pronoun in English appears to
have been Ties,
EXAMPLES.
)}ou zayst ^et ]>ou hest zixti year, ]>e dya)) hise he]) and neuremo
his nelo J)e yelde. — {Ayenbite, p. 71.)
God ne hej) hede of kueade yef|)es ac he his loue]) trewe and guode.
{Ihid, p. 192.)
Alast thanne thet he [God] is vader be kende and be rijte, he
loveth thet he heth ymad, ase zayth the boc of "Wysdome, and is
zuete and milde and zuo loveth and drajth vorth his children, and
ham deth hare prou, and betere thanne hi conne devisi ; and he his
byat and his chasteth huanne hi misdoth, vor hare prou ase guod
vader and bletheliche he his ondervangth huanne hi cometh to hym.
{Ibid. p. 100.)
Of France & of o])re londes ^at we wonne mid ure mi3te.
We mowe segge J)at we nabbeth to ansuerye no^t mid ri^te.
Whan hii vorsoke is & vor 8lew])e &, to none defense ne come
\>o we ]>oru chiualerie out of hor poer is nome.
(^. of 01 fol. 60 6.)
Tho caste this gode molde hire mantel of anon
& gurde aboute hire middel a vair linne scete
& wess the meseles vet . echone ar heo lete
& wipede is nessce afterward . & custe is wel suete.
{Ibid. foL 123 b.)
3ef he hys (Godes hestes) breketh and so byloefth,
Hys saule schal he spylle.
3ef thou hys halst man, God the seith.
Ha wole be the so kende,
He wole be f o to thyne fon,
And frend to thyne frende — {ShorehanCs Poems, p. 90.)
Ten hestes haueth yhote God,
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GBAMlf ATICAL PECUUABITIE8. liii
He hys vrrot (and) Moyses by-toke.
In ston ich wot that he hys wiot,
In tokne of sykemesse.
{STioreham^s Poems, p, 92.)
Htse {hySy is), (ace.) = her.
The Gothic Si/= she, makes gen. izos, dat. izai; a cognate root is
probably preserved in the Southern form his = her.
puJkQ soule {/em.) nymej) his (= herself) in and bilevef iwis
In ]>e childes brayn anhej ])at is ^e soule ]>at hext is.
(Popular Science, p. 140.)
And jyf man halt ase hys wyf
After the gelt [as] hys spouse,
Thaj he by hyre ne ligge nou^t,
Other halt hys ine hys house,
In tome,
Ne schal hy naujt departed be
Fram hym for hordome.
(Sfwreham's Poems^ p. 77.)
Ho (who) halt ys (erthe) o]p%—(Ibid. p. 136.)
Josephes Ihevdy, tho hy yand alone him, hi wold do him zene3i
mid hire, ac he him vledde ase wys and hise vorlet.
(Ayenbite^ p. 206.)
The guode man mid the rede of his wyue yeaf his cou to the
preste thet wes riche. the prest hi nom blethliche and hise zente to
the othren thet he hedde. — {Ibid, p. 191.)
Mochel IB defouled, mid the vet of volleres, the robe (/em.) of
scarlet, er-than thet the kuen his do BSL—(Ibid. p. 167.)
Thervore the dyevel playth ofte mid the zenejere ase deth the cat
mid the mouse (fem,), thanne he his heth ynome, and huanne he heth
mid hire longe yplayed thanne he his eth (eateth). — {Ibid. p. 179.)
And of Alisondre me ret thet he yaf ane cite {/em.) to onen of his
sergons an huanne the ilke hise wolde forzake, vor thet grat thing him
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liv GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
thojte to nime zuych yefthe; Alisondie answerede and zajde ' Ich ne
loky na3t thet belongeth the to nimene ac me to yeue.'
(Ayenhite, p. 195.)
See also p. 203.
He wende him wor]) to chiiche, & bivore the rod com,
& mid mek herte pitosliche is kinges crotine (= fem.) nom
& sette is vpe fe rode (fern.) heved (head of the Cross).
(R of 01 foL 93 a.)
Possessive Pronouns,
The forms urs (ours), yhures (yours), Mrs (hers), thairs (theiis),
appear frequently in Northern works written during the earlier part
of the xivth century ; and from the fact that the Ormulum, whose
tendencies are Korthem, uses ^eyyrs (theirs),' we may reasonably
suppose that these forms were in use much earlier. The Southern
corresponding forms were ure, eotoere, yure^ hire, here. The Northern
dialect has also such forms as oMirs and bathers == Southern dire (or
alder), of all, and heirey of both.
In the Lord's Prayer in the Northern version of the Cursor
Mundi we have the phrase * fader ures* In a Southern work of about
the same date we have the corresponding phrase ' fader oure,^
The following examples will illustrate the use of the possessive
pronouns in the two dialects.
On of hem wile fi3te
A3en [other] thre knijtes
^f other thre slen ure
Al this lond beo ^oure ;
3ef we ure on ouercometh ymre^ three
Al this lond schal ure beo. — {King Homy p. 3, R E. T. S.)
A man of thair gains an of ur
If urs mai him win in stur.
That thai be urs & thair airs (heirs) ;
If thai win urs that we be thairs.
{Northern version of Cursor Mundi, Oott, M8, foL 42.)
1 1n Bome Midland writers we find k4r$i and h&rm s theizB.
' A Northnmbrian could say pours three.
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GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIBS. Iv
Some few Midland dialects employ the fonoB <mren, youren,
heren. This seems to have arisen from the adjectival use of these
foims. (In the Ayenbite we find thinen and hiren in the dative case.)
Demonstrative and Relative Pronouns.
The nominative ])e is seldom used in the Southern dialect after
1250, \et or ^ai being the ordinary relative in all dialects. Shoreham
uses ]>e occasionally,* and many other Southern writers preserve the
dative and accusative forms, thane^ than (that), whany wan (which^
what), never employed by Northern writers.
EXAMPLES.
Therefore thys tale rymeth
Hou men in senne beth.
And hou senne ly-lymeth
Than that to senne hym detk
(Shoreham^s PoemSy p. 104.)
To wyte (know) thanne wat God hajt (= hot = bids)
Is eche man wel y-halde (bound). — (Ibid, p. 91.)
And jet for al fan bi is dale, thoru hor luj>er mode
Kii brojte oure louerd Ihesu Crist to dej)e on the rode.
(R. of Gl, CoUon MS, foL 23 K)
An hwanne heo habbeth me of-slahe,
Heo hongeth me on heore hahe
Thar ich a-schewele pie an crewe
From thany the thar is i-some. — {Owl ^ N. p. 55.)
The thridde condicion thet ssel by in elmesse is, thet me (one)
fisel yeue largeliche he than (according to that) thet me heth huerof
^ The rixte heste Boheweth wel
The Bofhe to al mankenne,
The dede y-do in lechery
Hys ryjt a dedleche senne.
And elles nere hyjt nanjt
Forbode amange the hestes tonne ;
The that seg^th hys nys nanjt,
8o hare wyt is al to thenne.
{8horehanC$ JPbems, p. 99.)
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Ivi GiUMMATICAL P£CULIARITIE8.
tho wyse zaytk ' Yef to God be than thet he heth the y-yeue.'
(Ayenhitey p. 195.)
The ilke thet is zuo he^e arise ine prosperite thength in his herte
verst to the dignete, efterward to his prosperity, efter tJian to his
richesse efterward to his lostes thet his body heth, efter tJian to the
greate vela3rede thet him vol3eth. — {Ibid. p. 24.)
The thridde werre thet the wrethvolle heth is to tJian thet byeth
onder him, thet is, to his wyve and to his mayn& — (Ibid. p. 30.)
Hit is a perilous ziknesse thet ne may najt tholye thet me him
take, and to than thet alle medicines went in to venim. — (Ibid. p. 22.)
Kou ich the habbe ssortliche yssewed huyche byeth the lyttle
guodes and the midel guodes ; nou ich the wylle ssewy huet ys the
zothe guod ar^t, thet maketh tJian thet hise heth guod ; and vryihr
oute ham non ne wes nevre ari3t good.— (Ibid. p. 79.)
Saynt Ion ase we habbeth yzed toparteth zeue overcomeingges
and zeue crounes, thet is to zigge, zeue maneres of medes thet God
behat to th^zn thet ouercometh. — (Ibid. p. 170.)
Two kuynden he (Crist) haj), we witen bi pon
J?at ho 18 soj) God and 8oJ> mon. — (Castel of Love^ p. 60.)
Tho hule one wile hi bi-thojte
And after t?ian this word up-bro^te.
{Otol 4r N. p, 8.)
Telstu bi me the wurs for than
That ich bute anne craft ne kan. — (Ibid. p. 28.)
Ich not hu mai eni freo man
For hire sechen after tTian
Jef he biweneth bi hwan he lai
Al mai the luve gan awai. — (Ibid. p. 52.)
Ac after tJian the he haved idon . he seal ther beon idemed.
Blithe mai he thanne buen . the god haved iquemed.
(Moral Ode, p. 27.)
Efterward thench hou yelezithe thou best yby onbo^sam to thine
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GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES. Ivii
vader and to thine moder and to tJian to huam thou ssoldest bou3e
and here honoure. — (Ayenbitey p. 21.)
Thia zenne [of prede] is yboimde ine than thet be his 03ene
mouthe him yelpth other of his T^ytte, other of his kenne, other of his
workes, other of his prouesse, &c. — (Ibid, p. 22.)
An sum sot mon hit tihth thar-to
Mid alle than that he mai do. — (Owl ^ N. p. 49.)
Wostu to than man was ibore
To thare blisse of hovene-riche. — {Ibid. p. 25.)
Evre-ilc man mid than the he haved mai biggen heuene-riche.
{Moral Ode, p. 24.)
• . bi than 36 wite than ende.
(Lives of SaintSy p. 72.)
Anon so hi 8030 the monekes come, hi gonne to singe ymone,
A3en hem with gret melodie, as hit were for than one.
(St Brandariy p. 17.)
This holi man makede loudere song as hit for than one were.
(Rid. p. 21.)
Thyse byeth the tuelf articles of the Cristene Byleve thet ech man
Cristen ssel yleve stedevestliche (vor otherlaker he ne may by ybor3e)
huanne he heth wyt and scele ; and ther-of byeth tuelf by the tale
of the tuelf Apostles thet hise zette to hyealde and to loky to alle
thon ' thet wyleth by ybore. — (Ayenbitey p. 11.)
The vifte article zuo is, thet ha wente into helle efter his dyathe
Tor to dra^e thannes and to delivri tlie zaules of the holi vaderes and
of alle thon thet vram the gininnge wordle storve in zoth and guode
byleave, and ine hope thet hi ssolden by ybor3e. — (Ibid. p. 12.)
And thet he is ase the ymaymed ate porche of the cherche thet
ne heth none ssame vor to sseawy alle his maimes to alle thon thet
ther guoth vor thet me ssolde habbe of him pite. — (Ihid. p. 135.)
He naveth bute one woning
That his bischopen muchel scheme,
> {hmi Ib plunL
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Iviii GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
An alle than that of his nome
iaabbeth i-hert and of his dede.— (Ott?Z ^ N. p. 61.)
The stone upe whan ich sitte that maketh me sitte above
In a wei ich him fond ligge, ther no neod nas to ston.
{St Brandan, p. 27.)
Icholle the make of this lond kyng thou ssalt yse
& this lond al be thin : & the othre bruteine be
Yor honour of bruteyne to toan thou addest kunde.
(H of Gl. ful. 34.)
Ac ajen somer the emperour tho he adde al an honde
Wende horn towarde Rome and mid gret love
Kom with him the erl of Kent thoru waTie he was above.
{Ibid. foL 23.)
He let at Eome an stronge dich make al aboute
& deop ajen Constantin & ajen is route
Vor to holde horn ther, thoru wanne hii come with oute.
{Ibid. foL 31 b.)
Tho adde he al is wille vor wanne it was al ido.
{Ibid. fol. 38.)
This were lo ure faderes of wan we beth su^^^e ycome
That with such treyson abbeth this lond thus ynome.
{Ibid. foL 42 b.)
Hwat senile we beren biforen us.
mid wan sculle we him iquemen.
{Moral Ode, p. 26, L 48.)
To wan were hi i-borene
The sculle ben to dethe idemd & evre mo forlorena
{Ibid. p. 25, 1. 53.)
Ac heo nas no^t ahwar : to whan hire hurte drou^.
(Seinte Margarete, p. 26.)
By lyjte toknynge thou ert the hel
Of toan spellede DanyeL
Thou ert Emaus, the ryche castel.
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GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES. Ux
Thar lesteth alle weiye ;
Ine the restede Emanuel,
Otfmny^ epeketh Ysaye. — {Slwrekam^ p. 133.)
Seint Donstan com horn ajen ; & faire was imderfonge
Ladde his abbey al in pees, &am whan he was so longe.
{Lives of Saints^ p. 37.)
We scolden alle us bi-thenche oft and wel ilome
hwet we beth and to tlian we senile & of toan we come.
(Mural Ode, p. 32.)
VERBS.
Present Tense, Indicative Mood,
For the various dialectical forms in the present tense of the
Indicative Mood, the reader is referred to Early Eng. Allii. PoemSy
Introduction, pp. zx.-xxi. ; Genesis and Exodus, Introduction, pp.
xvii, xxvii.
Third Person Singular in 4h,
Jennings, in his Observations on the Dialects of the West of
England, notices the fondness for the inflexion -th (not -eth), instead
of -es, in the 3rd per. sing, indie. This may be illustrated in the
following passage from the Song of Solomon in the Devonshire
version :
A comHh jumpin upon the mountains. He stanHh behaine our
wolL He leukHh voath vrem the kezment an' shoufth his zel ta th*
lattice.— (Ch. iL 8, 9.)
In the Southern dialect of the Early Eng. period we find the
same fondness for the inflexion 4h. In many cases it distinguishes
the singular from the plural, as yinJc^ = appears, pinkep = appear.
Ac thanne he (the dronke) heth yslepe, and corAih to him zelue
thanne he yvdth his kuead and knauih his folye and him playneth*
of his harm.
Aten ende the zenejere, ase zayth Salamon is ase the ilke thet
depth amide the ze and thet ssip spilih and he ne najt hit ne velth
ne none drede ne heth. — (Ayenhite, p. 128.)
1 For wane f > Ftaynetk has playntf for the inflnitiTe, and therefore does
not snffer contradiction ; its plnral wonld be playnUth,
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Ix GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
Preterite Tense, Singular Number, Indicative Mood.
The preterite tenae' (first and third persons singular) of regular
verbs terminates in -de, as lovedey hopede, &c. There is no final -e in
the singular of irregtdar verbs, & g. slow (= slew), smot (= smote).
In Northern writers we often meet with such forms as sloghe (slew),
smote (smote), which in the Southern dialect would be considered as
plurals,
Second Person Singular, Preterite Indicative of Irregular Verbs,
In the oldest English or A«S. period the second person of irregular
verbs ended in -e, ajs 7ie(^de = heldest, drSge = drewest. Those that
change the vowel of the preterite plural, admit of vowel change in
the 2nd pers. sing., ajs bunde (boundest), drife (drovest), dufe
(cleavedst or clovest).
The Southern dialect of the Early English period has numerousr
examples of this final -^ in the 2nd pers. sing., but it is exceedingly
rare in ITorthem writers. Dr Guest has already pointed out that the
author of the Ormulum exhibits a tendency to omit this -e, as badd
= baddest
Enes thu sunge, ic wod wel ware
Bi one boure, and woldest lere
The lefti to an uvel luve
An sunge bothe loje and buve
An lerdest Ei to don shome. — (Owl ^ N. p. 36.)
Thar-to pon stele in a day
And leidest thar-on thy fole ey. — (Ibid. p. 104.)
Slowe thu the holi prophete : to wrothere hele dudestu so.
(PUate, p. 116.)
Ihesu for loue thou steJie on rode,
For loue thou seje thin heorte blod.
(Lgric Poems, p. 69.)
Thu ^eu£ us weole and wunne
Thu brohtest dai, and Eve ni3t.
(Relig. Songs, p. 65.)
' It is thus distinguished from the past participle which ends in -ed.
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.GRAMMATICAL PEOULIARITIBS. Ixi
Ich wille speke toward the .
Also thu speke toward me. — {Owl ^ N, p. 20.)
And levedy, tlie was wel wore,
Tho (when) that thou se^e in dede
Thy leue childe reulyche y-nome
And ase a thef forthe lede.
(Shoreham's PoemSy p. 83.)
Preterite Tense, Plural Number, Indicative Mood of Regular Verbs.
The plural of the preterite in the Southern and Midland dialects
terminates in -en,^
The -n is, however, frequently dropped, as in the following
examples : —
& alle the men that hiifounde hii slowe as hii come,
(R of Gl. foL 34.)
And the peces flowe aboute
And smyte on this lithere men . wel harde to the grounde.
{St Katherine, p. 96.)
Hi nome ken hokes of ire : and hire flesche to-gnowe. — {Ibid,}
In nor]»humberland hi bigonne & ther hi slo^e to grounde.
{Ibid. p. 87.)
& hi 8e)e hire (the cou) sitte a dai jn the valeye ther-doune.
{StKmelm,^, 54.)
Vowel change in the Plural Preterite of Irregular Verba.
The Southern dialect, as in the older stages of the language,
changes the vowel of the preterite pL of that class of verbs repre-
sented by Undm (to bind), driven (to drive), deoen (to cleave), in
which the vowel of the pret. pL is the same as the past participle.
The Northern dialect does not furnish us with any examples of this
vowel change.
And (hi) yeueth ham to sterue vor the loue of him (Crist) thet
» The Northern dialect has no inflexion in the singf. or pi. pret.
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Ixu
ORAMMATIGAL PECULIARITIES.
Btarf Yor ham, other ine the londe beyende the ze other ine anothre
stede. — (AyenbitSy p. 165.)
Ha wente into helle .... to delivri the zaules of the holi vaderes
and of alle thon thet vram the giningge of the wordle starve in zoth
and guode byleaue, &c. — {Ibid. p. 12.)
Alle hi storuen in zor3e ine the desert. — (JUd, p. 67.)
And hor either ajen other gaderede hor ost vaste
So that hii come and smite an bataile atte laste.
(R, of Gloucester, Cott. M8,, Calig. A xi, fcL 29.)
For meni men ^yve oore louerd god : that were of gode tho3t
To susteynie his apostles. — {Judas Iscariot, p. 110.)
Preterite forms of Regular Verbs peculiar to tlie Southern dialect,
1. Some few verbs in the Southern (and in some of the Midland
dialects) ending in -chs or -ge often make their preterites and past
participles in -nte {-nde) and -nt {-nd).
Inf. Pret. Past Part.
{cleinte icleint
clente iclent
dreynte idreynt
( meinde imeind
( meynde imeyud
queynte iqueynt
seinde iseind
seinte iseint
/ spreynte ispreynt
{ spreynde ispreynd
2. The preterites of such verbs as drede, lede, sprede, Ac., were in
the Northern dialect dredde, ledde, spredde, forms which are also
found in the Southern idioms, but in the latter dialects we often
find a change of vowel, as
Inf. Pwt.
clothe )
clethe )
drede (dread) dradde idrad
grede (cry) gradde igrad
clenche (fasten)
drenche (drown)
menge (mix)
quenche (quench) '
senge (singe, toast)
sinke (sink)
springe (sprinkle)
cladde
Past Part
iclad
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OBAMMATIOAL PBCULIARITIES.
Ixiii
Inf.
Pret.
Past Part.
lede (lead)
ladde
ilad
leve (leave)
lafbe
ilafb
reve (bereave)
rafte
iiaft
Bchede (shed)
schadde
ischad
sprede (spread)
spradde
isprad
swelte (die)
swalte
iswalt
threte (threaten)
thratte
ithrat
Infinitive Mood in-en ; Crerund in -emte or -^le.
The l^orthem dialect drops the -en} of the iniinitivey which is
retained by the Southern and Midland dialects. The -n is mostly
dropped, and the final -^ strongly sounded represents the older
inflexion -«n, as kreope, to creep, yeue^ to give.*
The gerundial infinitive in -enne or -ene (originally in -anne or
enne) survived as late as 1340. It more often takes the inflexion -e
of the infinitive.'
Ich ne loky najt ^et belonge]> pe to nimene ac me to yem,
{Ayenbitey p. 195.)
He ous yef ]> his blod to drinke and his vless to etefne,
(Ibid, p. 146.)
The inflexion -enne of the gerundial infinitive being pronounced
very much like the present participle in -iride or -ende, is very often
confounded with it^ and before the date at which Lajamon's Brut
was written we find the participle in 4nde or -ende doing duty as
the gerund ; thus, to hdpinde -=. to Jielpenne^ to help.
When the -inde or -ende became -inge or -ing the mistake still held
its ground, ajs we find late in the xivth century such forms as to
kepynge z=,to kepene =to keep, &c.
1 In the Northern dialect we meet with many yerbs ending in -m, bnt they are
not to be regarded as infinitives, but rather the earliest examples of such forms aa
Ughimiy darken (= to make light, to make dark), &o.
* This full form -m is frequently used by poetical writers as a conyenient rhym-
ing syllable.
> What some writers haye called the long forms of the infinitiye used by
Chaucer, as to done, to tAuM, are in reality gerundial infinitiyes.
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Ixiv ORAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
Damascus ys to menyng schedyng blod.
{Trevisa, 1387 Cotton MS., Tib. D viz, foL 9 a.)
Hy (they) ^taujte ham to hontyrig and to schetyng.
(IUd.io\.\ba.)
Also he hadde sum tyme yuonge to kepynge his dou3ter of
Frauns, vor a scholde marye here to his sone. — {Ibid. foL 272 a.)
))ues men wonede under ]>e hulles of Jude .... and wente
(tamed) to robbynge & reuynge. — {Ibid. foL 281 b.)
Infinitives in -ie or -y.
Infinitives in -ie, -ye, or -y^ (from older forms in i-aw), are exceed-
ingly eommon in the Southern dialect as late as 1387. ITo trace
whatever of this inflexion is to be found in any Northern work, and
though met with in the West Midland are of rare occurrence in the
East Midland dialect of the xivth century. They are still retained in
some of the modem dialects of the South of England.'
" Chell whistley and zing and capery vor oil yow cheesen."
{Exmoor dialect,)
Present Participles.
The present participle in the Southern dialect terminates in -dnde^
in the Northern in -ande (-and) : as Southern lovinde^ Northern
lovande (lovand).
As early as the beginning of the xivth century we find a tendency
in some of the Southern and Midland dialects to use the form in
•inge (-ing) instead of -inds or ende.^
In Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicon, written 1387
(Cotton MS., Tib. D mi), there are no examples of participles in
-ende ; all end in -inge or iiig.
In the Northern dialect the -and was employed as late as the
xviith century.
1 Many verbs adopted from the Romanoe dialects took this inflexion, as ehoity
= chastise ; erounyf to crown; dovy, to save, &c.
' Dr Barnes has shown that they still exist in Dorsetshire, as mowy, to mow ;
Bowy, to sow.
* --end is a Midland form, and ib frequently used by Chwer; -^mde (-and) was
adopted in some of the Midland dialects, and is most frequently employed by East
and West Midland writers. The participial form in 'ing is no donbt a corruption
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eRAMMATICAL PBCULIARITIES. IXY
Past Participles.
1. In the Southern dialect up to a very late period the t- or y-
(A.S. ge) was retained as the prefix of the past participle : as idemd,
judged j ihotey called.
N^o instances of this preflxal element is to be found in any
Northern writers. In Midland works with Northern tendencies, like
the Ormulum, the i-^ is frequently dropped.
The modern Southern dialects have corrupted this prefix into
a, as ayete = eaten ; abroke, broken.
2. Past Participles of Strong or Irregular Verbs originally ended
in -en : as ihrokeUy broke ; icorven, cut; ifaren^ gone. Southern writers
frequently omit the -n, as in the following passages.^
)>e tyding to )>e contasse sone was ycome,
))at hire louerd was aslawe &, ))e castel ynome.
(R of G., Cotton MS., Calig,, A ad, foL 51 a.)
ycome = yeomen (come) ; ynome = yiwmen (taken).
But when the participle is used adjectivally in the plural, the
full form is often retained, as yboundene (bound), ybrokene (broken).
Northern writers never omit the -n, and instead of ycoms,
l/nome, Ac., write comen, nomen, Ac.
Negative Verbal Forms.
The Northern dialect makes but little use of negative forms,
which are very common in Southern writers.
nam, am not ; nis, is not.
neSfWaa not ; nere, were not
of 'inde, and not of -ende or -ande. As before observed, there is good evidence for
supposing that the sounds of ^inde and 'inge (and -en ; see O^netis and Exodusy
p. .xxxriii.) were closely related ; in fiict, we find kervynge (a kertinde = cutting)
rhyming iriihjynde.
** He hath in his front strong,
An horn foure feet long,
So as Y in hokes fynde
No rasour is so kervynffe.**—{K. Ahj8., U. 6551-2.)
' This y or • is frequently found : 1. in other parts of the verb, as yleve, to believe ;
|fibui»|», knows {AyenbiU). 2. In nouns, as y-flotiy arrows ; yvon, foes ; ibed^
(prayers). 3. In adjectives, as yredy^ ready ; ywer^ wary {AyenbiU). 4. In ad-
verbs, as ylomej frequently; ymene (in common).
' All Trevisa's past participles of strong verbs end in -e.
f
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Ixvi GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES.
nabbe, have not ; netJif hath not.
nade, had not ; noty knows not.
nosty knowest not ; ntide^ knew not.
nilley nihy will not.
Verbal prefixes peculiar to the Southern dialect.
1. An (a), as anginne {anginne)^ to begin. Angriae (agrise), to
Herrify. AnJiete, to inflame, kindle. Anhitte, to strike. AnJionge
to hang. Ardiknyy to compare.*
2. Of : (a.) for (negative), o/pinche = for think, repent ; of-guo =
forgo j of'holdej withhold.^ (b,) for, as in ofsechsy seek for ; ofsende,
send for.
3. At (A.S. CB^), as at-berstey burst from ; at-mte, English at-mt,
reproach;* ai-route, to advance.
Adverbs,
The Southern dialect retains numerous adverbial forms un-
known to the Northern speech.
1. Adverbs in -e ; as (a.) longe (for a long time) ; unrlytey wickedly
{b.) ene, tide, tkrie^ (Northern a?ie$y twies, thries^) =â– Semi-Saxon
eTieriy twderty thrien, A.S. cenij trnwa, ihnjwa. (c.) heiine, hence ;
thenney thence ; whenne, whance ; = hemiene Qieoneney heo7iiien) ;
whanene {whanneriy wannen) ; thanene (thennen) ^ A.S. Jieon-atiy
thanony hwanon.^
2. Adverbs in -es, as dllesy altogether ; willeSy willingly ; thonkes,
willingly (as his thonkes = he being willing) ; untkovkesy un-
willingly.
3. Adverbs in -en, ferreUy seldeny whilen (= also ferre, eddcy
while). The Northern forms end in -um or -om, as ferrumy selduMy
whilom.
1 In the Southern dialect, such verbs as agOy awake, arise, are exceedingly
common, but scarcely ever occur in any Northern works.
3 of-aerve occurs in Southern writers for deserve,
3 Chaucer uses at-renne and at-rede (to run from, out-run ; get rid of, out- wit).
* neode, nede, occurs for nedet =s neede, of necessity.
9 These forms are not unknown to the Southern dialect.
« Towards the middle of the 14th century these forms became hmnee, ihmnee,
whennee {whannes). The corresponding Northern forms are hethen, thethcny
whethen {queihen).
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GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES. Izvil
4. Adverbs in -iffaty as cdwaty dlhuety until, neiwat, nearly.*
5. Ac (but) ; ek (also) ; so — so (as — as) ; forte {/or to), until*
6. Dropping of e, as aje, aye, again ; siththe^ seththe, since,
afterwards.
Prepositions.
The following forms are peculiar to the Southern dialect.
1. An,^ on, in (before a vowel) ; a (before a consonant) : e. g. An
erfe, in earth ; an-ende, lastly ; an-he^y on high ; a-lyve, alive j
ch^epe, asleep.^
The Northern dialect prefixes on : as on-live, alive ; onAofty aloft ;
onrsUpe, asleep ; onslante, aslant, &c.
The preference for on explains the curious ITorthem forms,
obove (above) ; omang (among) ; olike (alike) ; onan (anon).
2. Fram, from (Northern /ray Midland /ro).
3. Mid, mide (Northern tdth),
4. Toppe (Kentish), above.*
> -gate, as in algaU (algates), thusgatey swagate, is unknown to the Southern
dialect.
2 SuiHy EB ; weume, unless ; utwith, without ; inwith, with ; foruHth, before, are
not used by Southern writers.
s ^» is used by Southern writers as a separate word, as well as a prefix. It is
still known in Sussex, where the peasants say, ** Put your hat an."
^ The a is still preserved in anon = in one (minute), a-hunting, a-building, &c.
> a< a to ; ^»i; to, are not found in the Southern dialect.
f 2
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SUMMARY OF DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
NOETHERN AND SOUTHERN DIALECTS.
A.D. 1250—1340.
I. ORTHOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES.
SOUTHERN.
NOBTHEBN.
PAGF
Hw, Wh
Qtt^, Qu
Specimens of E.
English, p. xvi.
Ch
K
i
V
F
u
Z
S
iii
A
iv
E
A
iv-v
U (or E)
I
vi
Eo (le, Ue)
E
viii
Ea (Ya, Ye)
EorA
ix
Uo
X
II. OR
AMMATICAL DIFFERENCES.
80UTHEBN.
KOBTHEBN.
l»AGF
Large number of plurals
Very few plurals in -en
X
in -en (-n)
i-en)
Unknown
BrdheVy childer,
hend
I^Jy
XV
Plurals in -ren
Unknown
XV
Plurals in -e
Unknown
XV
Grenitive singular of
Unknown
XXV
feminine nouns in -e
Genitive plural of nouns
Unknown
XXX
in -me and -e
Adjectives retain many
Adjectives drop all the |
xxxvi
of the older inflexions
older inflexions,
ex-
cept alder and bather \
J)a, j5o (fern.), the
Unknown
xl
J)es (masc.), \eo8, jfues
Unknown
xliii
(fern.), this
Beye, both, gen. pi. beire
Unknown
xl
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NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN DIALECTS.
Ixix
eOUTHFR!r.
paty pety neuter of the
article
Atten, Aitatiy AUe
(masc.)
Atter (fern.), at the
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Ich, Uch, I
Ay Huy he
Hi, He, Heo, Hue, she
Hine (ace), him
Hi, Hii, Heo, Hue,
they
Heo, Here, Hire, Hor,
Heore, Huere, their
Hem, Horn, Ham, Heom,
Hiiem
His, Hise, Is, them
His, Is (ace), her
Ure {Oure\ eower
(l/oure), here (hire),
ours, yours, theirs
Wan (which)
-ep in all persons of the
pL pres. indie.
-e, -est, -ep (-J)), the in-
flexion of the sing,
pres. indie.
-ede, -edest, -ede, the in-
flexion of the sing,
past indie, of regulur
or weak verbs
-e, the ending of the 2nd
pers. past of irregular
or strong verbs
Change of vowel in
pret. pL of strong
verbs
Infinitives in -€», -e
Gerundial Infinitives
• in -€716
Gerundial Infinitives
in -ing
NORTHERN.
\>at, a demonstrative
pronoun
Unknown
Unknown
]>er, J>/>, ^ere, their
J>cw (those)
8lik (sic), such
Unknown, Ik and /
used instead
Unknown
Unknown. 8co, scho,
she, used instead
Unknown
Unknown. J)a, Jay, used
instead
Unknown. l)air, par,
used instead
Unknown. Jxzm, paim,
used instead
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown. Urs,yhoures,
paires (pairs), used
instead
Unknown
-es in all persons of the
pL pres. indie.
-es in all persons of the
sing. pres. indie.
No inflexion in the
sing, past indie, of
strong verbs
J^o inflexion in the 2nd
sing, past indie, of
irregular verbs
Unknown
Infinitive ending drop-
ped
xl
xl
xl
xlvi
xlvi
xlvi
xlvi
xlviii, xlix
H
H
U
U
li
lui
liii
liv-v
Iviii
lix
See Early Eng.
Allit. Poems,
pp. XX, xxi
See Ibid.
Ixi
Ixiii
Ixiv
Ixiv
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Ixx
NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN DIALECTS.
BOUTHEBN.
Infinitives in y or et
NOBTHERN.
Infinitive ending drop-
ped
PAOB
Ixiv
'inde or (-irtge) the end-
ing of the present
-ande (-and), the ending
Ixiv
of the present parti-
participle
ciple
y- prefix of the past
y- omitted as the sign
Ixv
participle
of the past participle
-n dropped in past par-
â– n never dropped in
ticiple
past participles
Sc?ial (ssel), ssolde,
,Sr/7(shaU),«^(^(8hould)
See Hampole*s P.
scholde
ofConscp.xxiv.
\>arf (need), ^erfte.
]l)arf per, purt
pfirste (needed)
JXmkes^ willing ; unr
Unknown
Ixvi
ponkes, unwilling
HennSy penne^ hwanne,
Hepen^ pepen^ wheperiy
Ixvi
hence, thence, whence
(quepen), used instead
Unknown
Muny man (shall)
Unknown
Ha (have), ma (make).
See Hampole's P.
ta (take)
ofConscp.xxiv,
Adverbs in -e, as ene,
Unknown
Ixvi
tmie, thriey mode, nede.
once, twice, thrice,
needs
^
Adverbs with prefix an-
Unknown
Ixvii
Unknown
Sum (as), fra (from), tU
(to), at (to, sign of
Ixvii
infinitive), at (that),
wame (unless)
Unknown
Affixes, -gatfy -tinges
Ixvii
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IIL LEXICOGRAPHICAL DIFFEEENCES.
The differences in the Yocabularies of the Northern and Southern
dialects may be discussed at a future period under the following heads :
I. Words peculiar to the Southern dialect, e,g,y denSy a dean,
valley ; morey a root ; zuol^y a plough,^ &c.
II. Words peculiar to the Nortliern dialect, e,g,y Irathey wrath ;
/eZ, a hUl ; wily astray, &c.
III. Double forms, one of which is found in the Southern dialect
and the other in the Northern, e.g.y
SOUTHERN.
NOBTHBBN.
'BOUTHBBN.
irOBTHEBN.
ey
^99
wocy woke
wayke (weake)
mihbe
snatpe^ (snub)
&c.
&c.
^ Tlouffh does not occur in A. 8. writers ; and Southern authors of the thirteenth
and foarteenth centuries employ it only in compound terms, ssplow^landy &c.
* Snaipe and UHiyke are evidently Norse forms.
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OUTLINES OF KENTISH GRAMMAR.
(a.d. 1327—1340.)
NOUNS.
1. Gender. The genders of Nouns are the same as in the older
stages of the language.
. 2. Dedenjsion, Nouns may he divided into four declensions.
DIVISION I.
Nouns of the n declension, containing masculine, feminine, and
neuter suhstantives ending in -en or -e (originally in -a or -e) and
forming the plural in -en (originally in -an)]
DIVISION II.
Clods i. Nouns (originally feminine) ending in a consonant and
forming the plural in -en (originally in -a).
Class ii. Nouns (originally feminine) ending in -e (originally in -u)
and forming the plural in -en (originally in -u).
DIVISION III.
Class L Nouns (originally neuter) ending in- a consonant and
having the singular and plural alike.
Class ii Nouns (originally neuter) ending in a vowel (originally
in -t^, -6, or ^), together with some few ending in a consonant and
forming the plural in -en (originally in -«).
DIVISION IV.
Glass i. Nouns (originally masculine) ending in a consonant and
forming the plural in -es (originally in -as).
Glass ii. Nouns (originally masculine) ending in a vowel and
forming the plural in -en (originally in -w).
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OUTLINES OF KENTISH GRAMIM*^
Ixxiii
DIVISION I.
E.E.
Maae.
Nom. Sterre (star),
Gen. Sterre,
BINOULAB.
Fern. NeuL
tonge (tongue), e^e (eye),
tonge, eje.
Bat. \ ^
tonge,
e3e.
E.E.
Mmc,
^^jSterren,
Fern.
tongen,
PLURAL.
ejen.
Gen. Sterrene,
Bat Steiren,
tongene,
sterren,
ejene.
ejen.
In like manner are declined : — hee, pL been; cliirche^ pL ehirchen;
earCy ere (ear), pL earen, eren; flo (arrow), pi. flon; fo (enemy), pL
fon; gomey gume (man), pL gomen; to (toe), pL ton; teise (manner),
pL wisen; took^j iouke (week), pi. woken.
DIVISION II. — CLASS I.
SINGULAB.
Kom. Zauel (soul).
Gen. Zaule.
Bat.
Ace.
Zaula
PLURAL.
Kom. Zaulen.
Gen. Zaulene.
I Zaulen.
Ace )
Thus are declined: — hen (prayer), pL henen; edder (adder), pL
eddren; zyn (sin), pL zynneru Niyt (night), ioi^t (wight).
CLASS II.
aiNOULAR.
Kom. Bore (door).
GeiL Bore.
Ace. )
PLURAL*
Nom. Boren.
Gen. Borene.
Bat.
Aca
JBo
Boren.
To this declension belonged originally cw, cou (cow), pL hm^ ken
(kine).
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Ixxir
OUTLINES OF KENTISH GRAMMAR.
DIVISION II. — CLASS I.
8IN0ULAB.
Nom. and Acc. Hors (horse).
Gen. Horses.
Bat. Horse.
PLUBAL.
Nom. and Acc. Hors.
Gen. Horse.
Dat. Horse.
After the same manner are declined : — hits (house) ; der (deer) ; bern
(child) ; spel (story) ; ssep (sheep) ; wif (woman, wife) ; yer (year).
CLASS II.
BIMGUI^B.
Nom. and Acc. Ssip (ship),
Ssipes,
I Ssipe,
GeiL
Dat.
Acc.
PLUBAL.
Nom. and Acc. Ssipen,
( trowes,
( trauwes.
( trawe,
( trowe.
/ trauwen,
J trowen,
\ tren.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc
/trauwene,
( Ssipene, ) )
1 Ssipe, ! f^â„¢'
\ trene.
/ trauwen,
Ssipen, tronwen,
tren.
In the same way are declined : — dyeud (devil) ; vet (vat) ; Tteved^
heaved (head) ; Um (limb) ; riche (kingdom) ; token (sign) ; sance
(sorrow) ; wonder (marvel) ; werre (war). Calf^ child, ey (egg), lanib,
form their plural in -ren (originally -rw), as — Galvrm (A.S. cealfru) ;
children^ chUdem (A.8. cUdru) ; eyren (A.S. cegru) ; lambren (A.S.
larnhm).
DIVISION III. CLASS I.
£.E.
SINGULAB.
E.B. PLUBAL.
Nom. and Acc.
Del (part).
NoHL Deles.
Gen.
Deles.
Gen. Delene.
Dat.
Acc. ,
Dele.
Deles.
Acc. ;
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OUTLINES OF KENTISH GRAMMAR. IxXV
Thus also are declined: — day; engel (angel); vdd (field); mouih
(mouth) ; king ; ston (stone) ; way (way). Viend (enemy), vriend
(friend), are used as plurals, the older forms being fynd or feSnd,
frynd OTfrednd. Winter has the pL winter and winters; got, gayt
(goat), makes the pL geet. Voder drops the -ea in the genitive case.
CLASS II.
E.R SINGCLAB.
Nom. and Ace. Sone, Sune (son).
Gen. Sone, Sune.
Bat.)
/ Sone, Sune
£.E. PLritAL.
Nom. Sonen, Sunen (Sune,
Sunes).
Gen. Sonene, Sunene.
Dat. Sonen, Sunen.
Ace. Sone, Sune (Sonen).
In the same manner are declined : — doyter (daughter), pL doytren;
moder (mother), pi. modren; rother (ox), pi. rotJieren; zoster (sister),
pi. zostren. Brother, moder, dorter, are indeclinable in the genitive
singular. Brother makes the plural hrothren.
Case endings, — a. The dative singular of all the declensions is
denoted by a final e. Words ending in / change it into v before
adding e. Nom. wyf ; Dat. im/ve. Nouns having a short vowel
before d, t, double these letters, as — Nom. bed; Dat. bedde.
b. The A,S. dative pi. -w/w, in some few cases, is denoted by -e;
in the msgority of instances it is the same as the nominative.
ADJECTIVES.
For declension of Adjectives see p. xxxvi.
PRONOUNS.
I. PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
The personal pronouns
are
: Ich (T), ^ (thou), he (he), hi (she),
hit (it).
8INOT7LAB.
PLUBAL.
Nom. Ich.*
Ju, f ou.
we. ye.
Gen. min, mi.
fin, J>L
oure. youre.
Dat.)
. me.
Ace. )
fe.
ous, us. you.
^ This pronoun ib still preserved in the Sonth-'Westem dialects under the fomm
UeA and Uichy,
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Ixxvi
OUTLINES OF KENTISH GRAMMAR,
Kohl
Gen.
Dat.
£.£.
Mmc.
a,
ha,
he,
his,
SINGULAR.
Fern. Neut.
hi,
.hy,
Acc.
him,
r hine,
( him.
jhit.
hire, his.
( hire,
him.
hit
it.
PLURAL.
Kom. hi.
Gen.
/hire,
( hare.
Dat ham.
Acc hi, his, hise, ham.
(hare, j
rhire,
^his.
The personal pronouns are frequently used reflectively ; as, Ich
me rede, I rest myself.
Self is declined like an adjective (in the oblique cases, selve sing,
and pL) ; so that we easily understand such forms as Jck' sUf = I
myself; \u dlf ^=. thou thyself; (Ich) me sylf •=. I myself where
edf is placed after the dative of the personal pronoun. Cp. Fr. moi-
mime, lui-menie, &c,
II. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
The possessive pronouns are identical in form with the genitive
case, e.g. oure = our, ours, of us ; youre = your, yours, of you ;
Jiare = their, theirs, of them.
III. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS.
Mase. and Fern. Neut,
Nom. hua. huet
Gen. huas. huas.
Dat huam. huam.
Acc. huan, wan. huet.
VERBS.
Moods. — ^There are four moods : Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperar
tive, and Infinitive. Besides the ordinary infinitive there is a gerund
(used after to) ; infin. comeUy to come ; ger, to comene. This dis-
tinction between the two forms is not always preserved.
Tenses. — Only two tenses are formed by inflection — the present
and the past.
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OUTLINES OP KENTISH GRAMMAR. ( Ixxvil
Participles, — ^Tho present participle ends in -inde; the past
participle has the prefix i- or y- (unless the verb commences with
one of the following prefixes : a-, a^-, hU^ he-, f&r-y vor-, of-, to-, un-y
wiy).
There are two coiyugations of verbs, the Strong (or irregular),
and the Weak (or regular).
I. WEAK VERBS.
CLASS L
INFINITIVE MOOD — Lovten^ loverly to love.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
Singular. Plural,
1. Lovie, love Lovieth, loveth
2. Lovest Lovieth, loveth
3. Loveth Lovieth, loveth
PEST.
Singular, Fiural,
1. Lovede Loveden
2. Lovedest Loveden
3. Lovede Loveden
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
Singular. Plural.
Lovie, love Lovien, loven
Singular, Plural,
Lovede Loveden
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Sing, Love. Plural, (a.) Lovief, loveJ> ; {h,) Lovie, love
(followed by the pronoun).
Gerund. To lovienne, lovene.
Pres. Part Lovinde.
Past Part. I-loved, Y-loved.
Like lomSy to love, are conjugated depie, to call; Ame, to praise;
hopiey to hope ; makiey to make ; schuniey to shun ; tholiey to suflfer.
CLASS II.
INFINITIVE uooD—Hyerey to hear.
PRESENT.
Singular. Plural.
1. Hyere Hyeref
2. Hyerst Hyeref
3. Hyer)) Hyere^
PEET.
Singular. Plural.
1. Hyerde Hyerden
2. Hyerdest Hyerden
3. Hyerde Hyerden
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OUTLINES OF KENTISH ORAHMAB.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PBSBENT.
PBBT.
Singular.
Plural.
Singular, Plural.
Hyere
Hyeren
Hyerde Hyerden
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
8ing, Hyer. Plural, (a.) Hyeref ; (ft.) Hyere (followed by
the pronoun).
Gerund. Hyerene.
Pres. Part. Hyerinde.
Past Part. Yhyerd.
1. In the 3rd pers. sing, indie, of verbs having t or d for the last
syllable, t is often used for 4eth or -deth^ as gret^ cries ; let^ hinders ;
let^ leads ; zent, sends ; wenty turns, &c.
2. If the root of the verb ends in c? or ^ doubled, or preceded by
another consonant, the de or te of the past tense, and -d or 4 oi the
past participle, are omitted : e. g., wende^ to turn ; pret. wetide^ pp.
wend ; lette^ to hinder ; pret. lette^ pp. ylet.
The following verbs, among many others, belong to this class : —
Calle, to call calde
Deme, to judge demde
Deppen, to dip depte
Hede, to hide hedde
Ke])e, to show kedde
Lende, to lend lende
Ssrede, to clothe ssredde
Some verbs of this class have double forms for
past participle.
INF.
Clebe, ) , ,
^ ' > to clothe
Clofe, )
Dele, to deal
Grede, to cry
PBET.
( cledde
' cladde
I delte
\ dalte
i gredde
( gradde
PAST PART.
ycald
ydemd
ydept
yhed
yked
ylend
yssred
the preterite and
PAST PART.
i yclad
t ycled
( ydelt
(ydalt
/ygred
(ygrad
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OUTLINES OF KENTISH QRAUMAR. Ixxix
PRET. PABT PABT.
Eede, to advise
redde
. (radde
yred
yrad
Sprede^ to spread
' ( spredde
spradde
yspred
sprad
Sweten, to sweat
swelte
. swalte
yswet
yswat
Cacehe (catch) and
techen (teach) make
the
preterites ca^te
and ta^te.
HabbOy to have, is thus conjugated :
Indie. Pres. Sing. 1.
Iiabbe ; 2. h^ ; 3. he\
„ „ PI. 1.
liabbe\; 2.habbe^; 3.
Jiabbep.
Indie. Pret. Sing. 1.
hedde; Chadded; 3.
hedde.
„ „ PL 1.
2. 3. hedde (Jieddeti).
CLASS III.
INDICATIVE MOOD — Telleti (A.S. tdlan)^ to tell.
PRESENT. PRKT.
Singular.
1. teUe
Plural.
telle})
Singular.
1. tealde
Plural.
tealden
2. telst
telle])
2. tealdest
tealden
3. telj)
telle})
3. tealde
tealden
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
Sing.
teUe
Plur. tellen
Sine.
teald
e
pb:
ET.
Plur.
tealden
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Sing. teUe. Plur. (a.) teUef ; (b.) telle.
Gerund. to tellene.
Pres. Part tellinde.
Past Part. y-teald, ytald.
To this class belong the following verbs :
Begge, buy bo^te ybojt
Brenge, bring b503te ybrojt
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Ixxs
OUTLINES OF KENTISH OBAMKAR.
Seche, seek so^te yso^t
Zelle.8eU , i ^'**' ^^1*^
^ zalde yzald
"WercLen, work wrojte ywro^t
]>enclie]iy seem po^iQ yj>03^
Zigge (zegge), to say, makes 2nd per. sing. pres. indie, zayst
(zeayd); 3rd, zayde (zeayde),
WHley will, makes pres. indie.
1. Knlle 2. ttnlt 3. tcile (sing.)
1. 2. 3. mllep (plural).
Preterite 1. wolde 2. wolded 3. wdlde (sing.)
1. 2. 3. wolden or wolde (plural).
II. STRONG VERBS.
(No change of vowel in the preterite plural.)
Infinitive, Healde^ (to hold).
• INDICATIVE MOOD.
PBEBENT.
Singular, Flural,
1. Healde Healde])
2. Healdest (Halst) Healde])
S. Halt Healde])
PBET.
Swffular.
mural.
1. Hield^
HUd
Hielden
2. Hielde
Hielden
3. Hield
Hielden
MOOD.
FRET.
Singular.
Flural.
Hielde
Hielden (Hielde)
PRESENT.
Singular. FluraL
Healde Healden (Healde)
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Sing. Heald. Plural, (a.) HealdeJ) ; (6.) Healde.
Gerund. Healdene.
Prest Part. Healdinde.
\ Yhealde.
I Yhyealde.
Verbs of this division fall under three classes :
Past Part.
' AIbo written HffedltU,
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OUTLINES OP KENTISH GRAMMAR.
Ixxxi
CfLASS L
PRBSKNT.
FRET.
PAST PART.
(a.) Bere, bear
ber
ybore
Bidden, bid, ask
bed
yboden
Bihote, promise
bihet
bihote
Breke, break
brec
ybroken
Ete, eat
et
yyete (= y-yeate)
Fonge, take
veng
yvonge
Voryete, forget
voryet
voryete
Zitte (sit)
(zet
Izat.
izete
Speke (speak)
spek
yspeke
Wreke (thrust out)
wrek
/y wreke
( ywToke
(&.) Come
com
ycome
Neme, take
nom
CLASS II.
ynome
Bete, be^t
byet
ybyeten
Cnowe, know '
kneu
yknowe
VaUe, faU
vil
yvalle
Lhepe, leap
r hliep
(blip
CLASS in.
yhlope *
Draje, draw
dpo3
idTa3e
Vare, go
vor
ivare
Hle^e, laugh
hloj
ihlo3e
Vorzake, forsake
vorzoc
vorzake
Slea, sle, slay
SI05
isla3e
Ssape, create
ssop
issape
Stonde, stand
stod
ystonde
DIVISION XL
(Change of vowel in pret. plural)
Infinitive. Binde, to bind ; Drive, to drive.
' Does not occur.
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Ixxxii
OUTLINES OF KENTISH ORAMMAR.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PBEBBNT.
Singular, Flural,
1. Binde, Drive \
2. Binst, Drifst | BindeJ>,DriveJ)
3. Bint, DriiJ) )
Singular.
1. Bond, Drof
HuraL
« -r. , , ,^ . ) Boimden*
2. Bounde,' Dnve } ^^ .
« ^ , -A ^ iDnven
3. Bond, Drof ;
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PBB8BMT. PBET.
Singular, Plural, Singular, Flural.
Binde, Drive. Boimden, Driven | Boiinde, Drive. Bounden, Driven
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Sing. Bind, Drif. PluraL (a.) BindeJ), DriveJ ; (b.) Binde, Drive.
Gerund. Bindene, Drivene.
Present Part Bindinde, Drivinde.
Past Part Ybounde, Ydrive.
The following verbs belong to this division :
PBEBBNT.
(a.) Binde, bind
Biginne, begin
Delve, dig
Drinke, drink
Teme, (= eome)
Vinde, find
Vi3te, fight
Helpe, help
Zinge, sing
(&.) Be]3e, protect
Kerve, cut
Sterve, starve, die
Yelpe, boast
CLASS I.
,PBBT.
bond
bigon
dalf
dronk
torn I
(yam)
fvond ^
(vand )
vojt
halp
(zangj
' zong;
borj
carf
staif
yalp
1 The older fomu are: 2nd sing, hunde; I. 2. 3. pi.
makes 2nd pers. pret zunge; I. 2. 3. pi. zungen.
PAST PABT.
ybounde
bigonne
ydolve
ydronke
y yeme (= iume)
yvounde
yvojte
yholpe
izonge
ybor3e
ycorve
ystorve
yyolpe
hunden; zinge, to sing,
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OUTLINES
OF KENTISH GRAMMAR.
CLASS II.
PBESBNT.
PBET.
PAST PABT.
Abide
abod
abide
Else
ros
yrise
Ssrive, shriue
ssrof
Smite
smot
ysmite
Strive
strof
ystrive
Write
wrot
CLASS III.
ywrite
Bede, offer
byead (= bead)
ybode
Chjese, choose
cheas
ychose
Cyepe, creep
creap
ycrope
Vly, flee, fly
ylei^
yvlo3e
Lyese, lose
lyeas
leas
ylore
Schete, shoot
ssat ^
. sseat
yssote
Lute, \
Lote,
leat
ylote
Lejen, lie
lej
ilojen
ilowen
Ssete, shut
sset
issete
Zi,see
zej
isoje
ize3e
Sethen, seethe, boH
seath
isode
Bugen, )
^^ bow
Buwen, ;
bec^
ibojen
ibowen
S)'-
leat
Uote
Loken, lock
leac
iloke
^*!8*'^'l ascend
St^en, ;
steaj
isti3e
Iti^tiii
g2
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Ixxxiv OUTLINES OF KENTISH GRAMMAR.
General Remarks on the Strong (or Irregular) Conjugation.
1. If the base of a verb ends iu -e or -ie the -e or -ie is the -e of
the inflexions in the present indicative and imperative, as vle}f =
flees ; ze^ = sees.
2. Verbs having -d ot 4 dA the final letter of the root-syllable,
take 4 instead of -de^ or 4e^ as the personal inflexion, as hint =
bindeth, binds ; grint = grindeth, grinds ; halt = holdeth, holds ;
rit = rideth, rides ; stont, stent = standeth, stands.
3. The 2nd and 3rd pers. are frequently contracted thus : eest =
eatest ; hinst = bindest ; drink^ = drinks ; drif^ = drives.
4. Verbs whose base originally terminated in g often retain it
under the form 3 in the 2nd and 3rd pers. sing, indie. : as dra^en, to
draw ; dra^st, drawest ; dra^p, draws ; uZt, to fly ; vU^st, fliest ; vli^fy
flies ; «rK, to cover ; wri'^^, covers.
5. In some verbs the vowel is changed in the 3rd sing. pres.
indie, as healden^ to hold ; halt, holds ; hoten, to command ; hai^
commands ; stonden, to stand ; staniy stands.
ANOMALOUS VERBS.
1. O^en, otoen, to own; 1st and 3rd sing. pres. indie. 03; ojen ;
pret- o^te.
2, 'Am is the 1st pers. sing, of the old infinitive wesan^ to be.
The other persons are as follows : â €” 2nd pers. pres. indie, art ; 3rd,
is; pret. 1st, wes ; 2nd, were; pi. weren, were.
3. Biy to be ; ger. hyenne, 1st pers. pres. indie, hi; 2nd, best;
3rd, heth; Ist, 2nd, and 3rd pers. pi. heth ; imper. pL heth,
4. Cunnef to be able, to know ; 1st sing. pres. indie, eon ; 2nd,
const ; 3rd, con ; pi. connen ; pret. cuiTie^ couthe,
5. Daren, to dare. 1st sing. pres. indie, dar, der ; 2nd, darst;
3rd, dar ; pi. dorreUy dorre ; pret. sing, dorste.
6. Doy to do ; ger. doenne. 1st sing. pres. indie, do ; 2nd, dest ;
3rd, deth ; pi. doth ; pret. dede ; imp. doth^
7. Guoy to go ; ger. guonne, 1st sing. pres. indie, go ; 2nd, gest ;
3rd, geth (pi. guoth) ; pret. yede ; imp. guoth ; pp. iguo,
8. Moweny to be able, may; 1st sing. pres. indie, may (mat) ; 2nd,
mi^t ; 3rd, may (mat) ; pi. mo^en ; pret. mi^te.
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OUTLINES OF KENTISH GRAMMAR. IxXXV
9. 1st sing. pres. indie, mot, may, must -, 2n(i, most ; 3rd, inoty
mut ; pL wxtten ; pret. mjoste,
10. 1st sing. pres. indie, we/, shall ; 2nd, sadt ; 3rd, asel ;
pL ssollen, ssoUe ; pret. ssolde,
11. Witen, to know. 1st sing. pres. indie, toot; 2ndj wost; 3rd,
toot ; pL witeth ; pret. vjiste ; imp. sing, wite ; pL witeth.
Negative Forma. — Am, have^ wUle, idten (know), take negative
forms, as nam, am not ; nis, is not ; nes, was not ; nedde, had not ;
nde, will not ; not, knows not ; neste, knew not.
ADVERBS.
Many adverbs with the prefix y are preserved, as yvere, together >
Home, iholliche, entirely ; ymone, together ; ymene, together.
PEEPOSITIONS.
Atte, Atten (dat. masc), at the = at fan, at pene ; Atter (dat. fem.),
at the =r at fere ; Mytter (dat. fem.), with the = myd fere, — are used
by Shoreham (see pp. 34, 57, 64).
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CONTENTS.
PAOI
Author's Preface 1
Table of Contents 1
Prologue (Vore-speche) 5
TJie Ten Commandments.
The first Commandment 5
„ second „ 6
„ third „ (Mosaic 4th) 7
„ fourth „ „ 6th 8
„ fifth „ „ 6th 8
„ sixth „ » 7th 9
„ seventh „ „ 8th 9
„ eighth „ „ 9th.. .. .-. .. 10
„ ninth „ (1st half of 10th) 10
„ tenth „ (2nd half of 10th) 11
The Creed,
The twelve Articles of the Christian belief 11
1st Article : written by St Peter 12
2nd „ „ St John 12
3rd „ „ St Jacob, brother of John 12
4th ., „ St Andrew . . . . . . 12
6th „ „ St Phihp 12, 13
6th „ „ St Thomas 13
7th „ „ St Bartholomew . . . . 13
8th „ „ St Matthew 13
9th „ „ St Jacob, brother of Simon and
Jude 13
10th „ „ St Simon 14
nth „ „ St Jude 14
12th „ „ St Matthias 14
T?ie Seven Deadly Sins,
Of the vision that Saint John the Evangelist saw . . . . 14, 15
(Of the beast that came out of the sea with seven heads
and ten horns) 14, 15
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CONTENTS.
lxxx\'ii
PAGE
The tokens of the Heads of the Beast 15
(The seven heads = seven deadly sins, and the ten homs
= breaking of the ten behests) • . . 15
The First Head of the Beast— Fiide and its Seven Bonghs . . 16
The First Head of the Beast is Pride 16
(Pride caused the fall of Lucifer) 16
The Might of Pride 16
(Pride is the devil's own daughter) 17
How one shall classify the seven boughs of Pride . . . . 17
The First Bough of Mde — Untruth; its three twigs are
Foulness (crime), madness, apostasy 17
Second — Despite (contempt) 19
(Three kinds of Despite : a, Not praising those deserving
it ; b, Not giving honour to whom it ia due ; c Dis-
obedience to those to whom obedience should be given) 20
The Third Bough of Pride — Arrogance or Overweening . . 21
This sin shows itself in six ways — in, 1. Singularity; 2.
Prodigality (extravagance) ; 3. False strife ; 4. Boast-
ing (yelping); 5. Scorn; 6. Opposition . . . . 21, 22
The Fourth Bough of Pride — Foul Desire (Ambition) . . 22
Ambition is the devil's fiying-pan 23
The Fifth Bough of Pride— Idle Bliss (Vain glory) . . . . 23
Idle Bliss is the devil's penny 23
It has three small boughs 23
God's gifts — 1. of nature; 2. of fortune; 3. of grace . . 24
The devil tries man in three ways 25
The Sixth Bough of Pride — Hypocrisy 26
Three kinds of Hypocrisy : 1. foul ; 2. fooHsh ; 3. subtle 25
The Seventh Bough of Pride—Foul Dread and Shame . . 26
The Second Head of the Beast— Envy 26
Envy is a poisonous adder 26
It poisons heart, mouth, and works of man . . . . 27
The envious man sins in a threefold manner . . . . 27
Three states of the envious 28
The Sins against the Holy Ohost 29
(Overweening, Despair, Obstinacy, Impenitence, Strife,
Opposing truth) 29
The Third Head of the ^ca«<— Hatred 29
The four wars of the Hater 29
The seven twigs of Hate : Chiding, Wrath, Hate, Strife,
Vengeance, Murder, Deadly War 30
The horrors of war 30
The Fourth Head of the Beast—Sloth. 31
The devil's advice to the slothful 31
The six vices of Sloth prevent good beginning and good
amendment 31, 32
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Forgetf Illness springs fix)m Sloth . . 32
The peril of Slackness 33
The six points of Sloth that bring a man to his end . . , . 33
1. Disobedience; 2. Impatience; 3. Murmuring; 4. Sortow
6. Desire of Death; 6. Despair 33, 34
The Fifth Head of the Beast— Avmce 34
Avarice, a great schoobnistress . . 34
The Roots of Avarice : 1. Usury ; 2. Theft ; 3. Robbery
(with violence) ; 4. False Claim ; 6. Sacrilege
6. Simony 34
7. Fraud ; 8. Chaffer ; 9. Wicked Craft ; 10. Wicked
Grames . . . . 35-
Usury and Usurers (seven kinds of) . . . . . . 35, 36
The Second Bough of Avarice^ThQit 37
Four kinds of thieves (1. The open thief; 2. Covert
3. Privy ; 4. Accessory) i 37, 38
The Third Bough of Avarice — Robbery 38
The roots of Avarice : 1. Evil executors ; 2. Unfaithful
guardians « 38
3. Harbouring of robbers ; 4. Dishonest debtors
5. Robbery of underlings by prelates ; 6. Oppression
of the poor by provosts and beadles
39
TIieFourth Bough ofAvarine — ^False Claim (or False Accusation) 39
39, 40
40
41
41
41,42
42
43
43
44
44,46
Seven kinds of false challengers
The Fifth Bough of Avarice — Sacrilege
Seven kinds of sacrilege
The Sixth Bough of Avarice — Simony
The six twigs of Simony
How lewd (lay) men may be guilty of Simony
The Seventh Bough of -4 vance— Depravity . .
To this sin belong Heresy, Witchcraft, Ac.
The Eighth Bough of Avarice — Chaffer
Seven kinds of Chaffering
The Ninth Bough of Avarice — Unlawful Traffic (Wicked Craft) 45
This sin is practised by foolish women, heralds, and soldiers 45
Ths Tenth Bough of Avarice — Gambling (Wicked Games) . . 45
A Tale : 1. Of a knight who swore by God*s eyes ; 2. Of
an archer who shot at God 45, 46
The Sixth Head of the Beast — ^Lechery '. 46
The devil tempts man to this sin in five modes : 1. Foolish
sight ; 2. Foolish words ; 3. Foolish handling ; 4.
Foolish kissing ; 5. Foolish deed 46
Two kinds of Lechery : a, of heart (its four steps). . . . 46, 47
h. Lechery of body (five sorts) 47
Fourteen kinds of Adultery . . * 48, 49
Tlie Seventh Head of the ^eo^— Sins of the Mouth and
Tongue 50
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1. The sin of gluttony 60
The glutton often comes to the gallows 51
Five kinds of gluttony 61, 52
1. Eating before time 61
2. Immoderate eating and drinking 52
Gluttony like the kite 63
Hypocrites are the devil's martyrs 63
Dispute between the belly and purse of the glutton . . 53
The tricks of the devil . . 54
3. A hasty running to meat, like the hound after the hare 65
4. Extravagance (three kinds of) 55
6. Undue anxiety about eating (three kinds of ) . . . . 55
Jests and jokes form the glutton's entries 56
The tavern is the devil's chapel 56
The devil's miracles 66
The tavern is the devil's castle 67
The Sins of the Tongvs (ten kinds of) 57
In idle words man may sin in five ways 58
Cf the Sin of Boasting 68
The boaster is God's thief 59
Five kinds of boasting 69
The boaster is like the cuckoo, he can only sing of himself 69
Affected humility — Many folk make themselves devils
so that they may be esteemed angels 59
Of Flattery 60
Flatterers the devil's nurses 60
The Five Boughs of Flattery 60
1. Inconsiderate praise ; 2. Exaggeration ; 3. Assumption
of virtues ; 4. Singing placebo 60
5. Excusing another's faults 61
Flatterers like, 1. Mermaids ; 2. The adder Serayn ; 3. The
hyasna ; 4. The farrowed sow 3 6. Dung beetles • . 61
Five Boughs of Evil-speaking 61, 62
LeasiTiga 62
The liar is like, 1. Chaff among com ; 2. The devil ; 3. The
chameleon (that hath wind only in his guts) . . . . 62
Three small twigs of leasing 62, 63
Cf the Sin of Lying 63
Swearing and forswearing (perjury) 63
Seven modes of swearing 63-65
Strife 65
Strife like the devil's works 65
Seven boughs of Strife 66, 66
The chider is like, 1. A hedgehog; 2. A snarling dog . . 66
Slandering and slanderers 66
Of Murmuring^ that is^ of him that dare not he answered (be
reprimanded) 67
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CONTENTS.
not give
hell, and
For this sin the Israelites lost the Land of Promise
Two boughs of Murmuring
The Songs of Heaven and the Songs of Hell
Of Opposition (withstanding) . .
Four boughs of Opposition . .
Of Blasphemy
Blasphemers are like mad hounds
FOR TO LEARN TO DIB
Death is a separation and departure
Man's life but a point compared with Eternity
The Songs of Hell
We have not our years — death has them, and will
them up
Death a separation of soul and body
Three kinds.af death
What is death] .......'
Go out of thyself into the other worlds (heaven,
purgatory)
The Torments of Hell
Of Purgatory
The Bliss of Paradise
The holy man is like the greyhound
HOW ONE SHALL KNOW GOOD AND EVIL . .
The beginning of good life is to seek virtue
Of Temjxyral Goods (gifts)
(The small goods, l3ie goods of time, the goods of fortune)
Of the Lesser Goods
The middle goods are the gifts of nature and of teaching
(a. beauty, strength, &c. ; h. learning, good manners)
Of the True Goods
Grace, virtue, and charity
What the old philosophers thought to be the greatest good
Dame Charity the queen of virtues
Of three kinds of Good
(Honourable, desirable, and profitable)
True Virtue combines all three
Of Virtue
Six things are desired because they are honourable
The Lynx can see through a wall
Beauty soon fades
Beauty of the Soul
Of Wit (misdom).and of Clergy (learning) . .
Those who love this world think the moon to be the sun,
and mistake a glass for a sapphire ; they are like, 1
children ; 2. like a pregnant woman who prefers a
sour apple to a wheaten loaf
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79
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79,80
80
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80,81
81
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Their wit is the devil's wit 82
True Virtue and True Prowess 83
Foolish Undertaking 83, 84
He that is without virtue hath no courage ; like a child he
prefers a mirror to a kingdom 84
Virtue makes a man as bold as a lion 84
Might 84
Man's lordship 84, 85
Virtue makes a man to be master of himself . . 85
Freedom 85
Three sorts of j&eedom (of nature, of grace, and of bliss) . . 85, 86
1. free will 86
Deadly sin bereaves man of this freedom 86
2. Freedom of grace — ^Those who possess this care not a
button for the world 86
3. Freedom of bliss is possessed by those who have
passed from this world 87
Nobility :
True nobility springs from the gentle heart . . . . 87
It does not spring from the body 87
For all are descended from one mother, i e. earth and mud 87
Our true Father is God 87
True nobility consists in being like God 88
It begins in grace and is completed in bliss . . . . 88
None need be proud of earthly nobility, for the earth
nourishes hogs as well as kings 89
OerUle Good 89
No good (gifts) truly honourable but virtue and charity,
that IB, the love of Grod 89
Charity is good chafiFer — ^neve» loses but ever wins . . 90
Charity is God*s penny 91
Of two lustful (desirable) goods 91
The five wits (senses) 91, 92
Spiritual gifts the best (peace of heart, mastery of devils,
bliss of conscience) 92
The.On of Bliss 93
Of Virtue more especially 94
The soul of a good man like a fair garden, of which God is
the gardener 94
Of three things needfrd to the Earth 95
1. Good mould ; 2. moisture ; 3. heat 95
The Tree of Life 95
The root — ^the love of God ; the wood — ^the flesh of Christ j
the rind — Christ's fair conversation; the sap — ^His
tears, sweat, and blood ; the leaves — His holy words ;
the flowers — ^His holy thoughts ; the fruit — BSs twelve
apostles ; the boughs — ^the whole elect . . . . 95, 96
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The Sermon on the Mount specifies the seven boughs of
the Tree of Life 96
In it we find the sum of the "New Law 97
The Well of (rod's grace and its seven streams . . . . 97
In the Lord's Prayer we pray for the seven gifts of the
Holy Ghost 98
The Prologue of the Holy Pater Noder 98
The Lord's Prayer, the first thing we teach a child . . 98
It is short in words, and long in meaning 99
God cares not for sleek and smooth words 99
Here heginneth the Pater Noster 99
* Our Father,' &c 99
Of the sweet name of Father 99-101
Why we say * Father our,' and not * Father mine * . . 101
Of adoption 101-2
Of the word *our' 102-3
*That art in Heaven' 103
* That art * asserts Grod's existence . . • 103
God alone is everlasting 104
Of the words Father ^ our, arty Heaven 104-5
The First Petition of the Holy Pater Noder 105
The preface is as the ingoing (prelude) of the fiddle . . 105
There are seven notes in this song of the Pater Noster . . 105
The seven petitions obtain the seven gifts of the Holy
Ghost 105
The three first make man holy j the other four make him to
abide in righteousness 105
Man's holiness like the Trinity (for there are three things
in the soul — ^thought, understanding, and will) . . 105
* Hallowed be thy Name' . . % 106
In this petition we ask the gift of wisdom 106-7
The Second Petition of the Holy Pater Noster . . . . 107
*Thy kingdom come ' '' 108
In this petition we ask for the gift of understanding,
whereby man may see and correct his faults . . . . 108-9
The Third Petition of the Holy Pater Noster 109
•Thy wiU be done,' Ac 109
In this petition we ask for the gift of good counsel . . 109-10
The FotiHh Petition of the Holy Pater Noster .. .. 110
* Give us this day,' Ac 110
What may the son ask of father better than bread) . . 110
In this petition we ask for the everlasting bread — ^the food
of the soul 110
The bread of the altar is to be eaten ravenously, and with-
out chewing, for it is the true body of Christ . . Ill
Christ left us this broad as his last bequest 112
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It is more nutritious than all other bread . . 113
The Fifth Petition of the Holy Pater Nod&r 113
'Forgive us our trespasses/ &c. . . 113
Our debts are our sins — the interest is Hell-pain . . . . 113
The Court of Mercy and the Court of Doom (Justice) .. 113-14
In this petition we ask the gift of knowledge . . . . 115
The Sixth Petition of the Holy Pater Nogter 116
* And lead us not into temptation * 116
The devil — ^the tempter 116
The devil's temptations are like the blows on the back of a
knight, whereby he is ennobled and honoured . . 116
In this petition we ask for help and pity 116
We do not seek to be delivered from temptation, but only
to be aided 116-17
The Seventh Petition of the Holy Pater Nogter . . . . 117
* But deliver us from evil,' i.e. Deliver us from the devil and
his sleights 117-18
In this petition we pray for tlie gift of fear . . .. 117-18
The Seven Gifts of the Holy Ghost 118
Seven spirits and seven gifts received in baptism . . . . 119
Wherefore they are called Gifts 119
They are called gifts for three reasons : 1. for their dignity
and worth . . . . 119
2. They remain with us for ever ; 3. They are given through
love '. . . 120
Wherefore they are called Gifts of the Holy Ghost . . . . 120
Works of might are the works of God the Father . . . . 120
Works of wisdom belong to the Son 121
Works of goodness belong to the Holy Ghost . . . . 121
The Holy Ghost is the well, tha gifts are the stream . . 121
Wherefore Man is Saved 121
1. Man is saved ; 2. by eschewing evil and doing good . . 121
The gift of dread causes us to flee from evil, and the other
six gifts enable us to do good 121
Dread is the door-keeper, the watch of the castle or the
weed-hook of the gardener .. 121
Three stages of people in heaven 1 22
Of the giS» peculiar to these states 122
Of the Three First Virtues 123
Belief, hope, charity are called godly viftues . . . , 123
Three things cause a man to love another 123
Of the Four Cardinal Virtues 124
Prudence, Temperance, Strength, Equity 124
These virtues are the four towers in the four comers of the
good man's house 124
Of the OffiM of the Four Virtues 124
Prudmce (three offices of) 124
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Temperance (three oflBces of) 125
Strength (three oifices of) 125
Rightfulness {Equity) 125
Philosophy the love of wisdom 126
The old philosophers put false Christians to shame . . 162
The four cardinal virtues are four kinds of loves . . . . 126-7
Of the Gift of Dread 127
Dread rouses the sinner 127-8
The sinner is like, 1. a drunkard ; 2. one bound in irons and
fetters, who dreams of feasts and weddings instead of
the gibbet 128
The Holy Ghost is the Good Physician 128-9
The three questions the Angel asked Hagar in the wilderness 129
Four questions put to the sinner by the Holy Ghost are like
four strokes of thunder 129
How Mildness {Meekness) tcaxeth in the heart . . . . 130
Fear strips the heart of its pride and confidence . . . . 130
The tree of meekness is set beside the well of the fear of God 1 31
Cf tJie Steps of Meekness 132
1. To know one's defects; 2. to bewail one's sins; 3. to
confess and shrive our sins ; 4. to acknowledge our
unworthiness ; 5. to hear willingly of our imperfec-
tions ; 6. to endure reproach willingly ; 7. to desire to
be accounted vile 133
Of the Seven Boughs of Meekness 134
The First Bough of Meekness is to honour God as a child
doth its master 134
Tlie Second Bough of Meekness
Is to praise others (for three reasons) 135-6
Of Meek Heart 136
The meek keep their virtues behind their back, their defects
before their face 136
Of an holy courteousness 137
The meek man blames himself in three ways . . . . 137-8
The Fourth Bough of Meekness
Is to love poverty (for three reasons) 138
This is shown in three ways 139
The Fifth Bough of Meekness
Is to serve others joyfully 139
Meekness is the mothfer of obedience 140
Of Obedience (Buxomness) 140
Of the seven ornaments of obedience 140
Holy simplicity is the good daughter of meekness . . 140
The meek man is like, 1. the star Saturn ; 2. the mill-ass ;
3. the sun 141
T?ie Sixth Bough of Meekness
Is to avoid praise and flattery 141
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The meek man despises the world — ^but loves solitude.
He is like a modest virgin 142
The Seventh Bough of Meekness
Is steadfast belief 143
Belief is like a grain of mustard seed . . . . . . 143
Four kinds of love 144
Of the Virttis of Love 144
Pity is an antidote to envy 144
Why Christians should be united 146-6
The Boughs of Love 146
Love shows itself in seven different ways 146-7
Nature teaches us to seek " the common profit " . . . . 147
On the right mode of administering correction . . . . 148
The friendship and teaching of Christ 149
T?ie First Step of Equity {Rightfulness)
Is to know one's self 150
The gift of wisdom is the Prior in the cloister of the soul 151
The two sides of the heart (1. Understanding and Will ;
2. Eeason and Affection) .. .. . .. 151
The four oifices. of Eeason 151-2
The faculties of the WiU 163
The umon of Eeason and Will 153
The Second Step of Equity
Is to hold the body in subjection 154
The five wits (senses) should be imder the authority of the
Eeason 154
The Third Step of Equity
Is to observe discretion in the use of temporal things . . 154
The Fourth Step of Equity
Is to follow the example of good men 155
Novices like young greyhounds 155
-^sop's fable of the Hound and the Ass 155-6
The Fifth Bough of Meekness
Is to avoid the follies of the foolish 156
Fools and Sinners are not to be derided, but to be pitied 156
The bad man may be good to-morrow 157
The Sixth Step of Equity
Is to keep an eye upon the devil's snares and devices . . 157
The spirits of men are like a mirror 158
The devil puts thoughts into the heart 158
The Seventh Step of Equity
Is to keep God always before us 159
Of the Boughs of Equity 159
The Boughs of Equity are seven in number : 1. Obedience ;
2. I^ve ; 3. Meekness ; 4. Prowess ; 5. Liberality ;
6. Chastity ; 7. Sobriety 159-60
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This world is called the Vale of Tears 160
Six kinds of tears are shed by good men 161
Of the Gift of Strength 161
life of man may be compared to knighthood or to citizenship 161-2
The gift of Strength enables a man to endure the hardships
of this world 162
Prowess strips man of sloth and idleness 163
The Divisions of Virtue (Prowess) 164
1. Magnanimity ; 2. Affiance ; 3. Security ; 4. Patience ;
5. Steadfastness; 6. Magnificence;?. Hunger and thirst
of righteousness 164
The First Step of Protoess
To despise the world 164-5
The Second Step of Prowess
Is Belief 165
The Third Step of Protoess
Is Confidence (or Security) 166-7
The Fourth Step of Prowess
Is Patience 167
Patience is acquired by trial, just as the cup of gold has
to undergo the strokes of iron ere it is fit to place on
the king's table 167
The Fifth Step of Prowess
Is Steadfastness or Constancy . , • t f . . . 167-8
TTie Sixth Step of Prowess
Is Perseverance or Magnificence 1 68
The Boughs of Prowess 169
Seven Boughs of Prowess; for in seven battles seven
crowns may be obtained 169-70
The First Fight 170
Is against deadly sin . . . . 170-1
OftJie Repentance of King David 171
David repented in tears and sighs 171
The sinner must so sorrow that his heart shall melt to tears 171
The sinner is the murderer of his own soul . . . . 171
The sinner's bed is the soul 171
Of Shrift 172
Of the six conditions of Shrift 172
1. Let the sinner look, a. to the Shriver and seek a good
confessor ; 6. to his own sins before he comes to shrift 172
2. Shrift must not be delayed 173
3. Let shrift be made openly 174
4. Let shrift be made without reservation 174
Let the sinner tell first the deadly sins he has committed 175
And how often he has fallen into sin, and with what
members he has sinned 176
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5. Let shiift 1)6 made meekly and timidly 177
6. Shrift most be made often, for eight reasons . . . . 178
Five things disturb shrift 179-80
Of Penance 180
Penance must be made by fasting, alms, and prayers . . 180
The sinner's contest with, 1. sin; 2. with his own heart . . 180
3. With his flesh ; 4. with the world ; 5. with Dame Fortune 181
6. With the limbs of Antichrist 182-83
Of the Gift of Cimnsd and of the Virtue of Mercy . . . . 183
This gift bestows forethought and foresight . . . . 183
Seek good advice 184
Seven steps of the tree of Mercy — ^that is, the seven
things that lead to mercy. 1. Nature . . . . 185
2. Grace ; 3. Behests of Holy Scripture 186-7
The devil a ** shut-purse " 187
4. The liberality of Christ ; 5. the honour of God (the Story
of St Martin) ; 6. Dread of Doom 188-89
7. The Seed of Mercy 189
The Stories of St Germain, John the Almoner, and St
Boniface 190-91
The poor man who gave his one cow to the Priest . . 191
Of the Goodness of Alms 191
Three things to be considered in Almsgiving • . . . 192
L Give not of thy unlawful gains 192
2. Give not to ribalds and minstrels . . . . . . 192
3. Give, a. ungrudgingly 193
K Without delay 194
c. Liberally; d. Willingly 195
Despise not the poor 196
Alms alone will not save a man 197
Cursed are the unmerciful . . . . 198
The Gift of Understanding and of the Virtue of Chastity . . 199
1. Life Active, and, 2. Life Contemplative • • . . 199
Martha a type of the first 199
The Gift of Understanding is given by the Holy Ghost 200
The Holy Ghost enlightens the soul 201
He purifies the soul from the filth of lechery . . . • 201
A lecher is no better than a beast 201
Of the Seven Steps of Chastity . . . . 202
I. Have a clear conscience ; a. True Shrift . . . . 202
Jordan signifies *• the Stream of Judgment ' . . . . 202
h, A remembrance of Christ's passion 203
The adder of brass betokens Christ 203
II. Abstain &om foul words 203
Foul words denote a filthy heart 203
IIL Guard all the wits (senses) of the body 204
h
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The five senses are the five gates of the city of the heart,
whereby the devil oft enters . . 204
IV. Austerity of Life 204
Lusts mar chastity 204
Jeremiah's girdle denotes chastity 205
Great meats nourish lechery 205
V. Avoid the fellowship of the wicked 205
VL Be occupied with good works 206
Idleness the ruin of Sodom 206
Vn. Offer good prayers to God 207
Prayer a shield against lust 207
Prayers are shored up with four posts 207-8
Ask not what is improper for thee to have 208
Let the sinner take heed to the poor beggars that exhibit
their infirmities before men in order to obtain alms . . 208
God will not give thee a pear or apple as one doth a child 208
Ask all things in the name of Christ 209
Devotion of heart is necessary to prayer 210
It is no use to move the lips while the heart is dumb . . 210
Prayer without devotion is like a messenger without letters
of reconmiendation 211
Pray especially to God on Sunday 212
The Sunday is more holy than the Saturday . . . . 213
Of the great festivals 213
An answer to those who say * We cannot always be praying * 213
And ' if all days be mass days and holy days, how then
should we sow, reap, mow/ f &c. 214
Let great lords and ladies lay aside their dignity when in
church 215
Ladies should take pattern of Queen Hester . . . . 216
They should not be busy ahoxit decking their heads with
gold and silver 216-17
The two wings that bear prayer to God are fasting and alms 217
Come not empty-handed before Gk)d 218
The parable of the Ten Virgins 218
Moses overcame Amalek by prayer 219
The prayers of many are more effective than those of one
man 219
T?^ Seven Boughs of Chastity are according to the states of
men in this world 219
1. Chastity of those who have preserved their maidenhood;
2. Chastity of those who lost their maidenhood before
marriage 220
3. Chastity of married folk 221
The three cases in which the deed of spousehood may be
sinless 222-23
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The proper times for abstaming from the deed of spousehood 224
The elephant will not dwell with his wife wlule she is
with child 224
4. Chastity of widowhood 225
Three things to he observed in this state 226
5. The Fifth Bough of Chastity is unmarried life . . . . 227
The devil tries to steal the treasure of maidenhood . . 227
Why the life of maidens is to be praised 227-28
Maidenhood like a white robe 228
Three spots defile the white robe 228
Eich robes often hide a poor and naked conscience . . 229
Maidenhood like a lily 230
The flower of maidenhood and its six leaves . . . . 230-32
The three ^;rains of the lily 233
Virginity most fruitful in good works 234
6. The Sixth State of Chastity is of Hooded Clerks . . . . 235
The girdle of chastity 236
The wickedness of the minister impairs not the efficacy of
the sacraments 237
7. The Seventh State of Chastity is the State of Religion, i. e.
of those who are dedicated to God 238
The devil is most anxious to cause the ^ religious ' to fall
into sin, just as the fisherman has greater joy in taking
a great fish than a little one 238
Here lies a Tale of the devil-princes* reports of their evil
deeds to a great devil who sat upon a folding stool ;
and how one devil had, after forty years' trial, tempted
a monk to commit fornication, for which he was
hugged, kissed, and crowned by the 'great devil,' his
master . . . . 238-39
Eeligion is like a desert « . . 240
True poverty the hoard of the religious man . . . . 241
The story of Lot's wife and its lesson 242
^ Religious folk ' that seek temporal riches put the plough
before the oxen 243
The pure of heart shall see God 243-44
Of the Gift of Wisdom. Of the Virtue of Temperance and
of Sobriety 245
Wisdom, the last and greatest gift of the Holy Ghost^ makes
man to know God perfectiy . . . . . . . . 245
The glue of love 246
The spirit drags down the flesh 247
In the great tavern (heaven) one shall drink to the full of
Grod's sweetness , '. 247
Sobriety springs from wisdom . , . . , . . . 248
Death seizes the glutton suddenly, ' as one taketh a fish by
the cheek' 248
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Wine dio^nis the glutton 248
The mouth is the chief gate of the castle of the heart . . 249
All creatures teach man sobriety 249
Sobriety must be exercised in good deeds, as fasting, vigils,
Ac. 250
Of the high rock (Christ) and the well of love . . » . 251
Of the Seven Steps of Sobriety 252
1. Measure (moderation) in the understanding . . . . 252
Unbelievers overstep moderation — they seek a natural
reason in what transcends the understanding . . . . 252
The understanding should be subject to belief . . . . 253
2. Moderation in the lusts and desires of the will . . . . 253
Control the will with the bridle of sobriety . . . . 254
3. Moderation in words 254-55
Weigh thy words in the balance of discretion . . . . 255
4. Moderation in hearing 256
Flatterers and liars are plentiful, but there is great dearth
of those who adhere to truth 256
' Of the adder called in Latin Aspis ' 257
5. Moderation in clothing and precious robes . . . . 258
Excess is a sin . . . . 258
The wearing of clothes comes of the sin of our first parents 258
Nature has given man no clothes of which to be proud, like
the tail of the peacock and the comb of the cock . . 258
6. Moderation in Conduct 259
The child of a hundred years shall be accursed . . 259
7. Moderation in Meat and Drink 260
The virtue of sobriety is above all other virtues . . 260
He who hath this virtue is joined to God by charity . . 260
Of rest in God 260-61
The Ayenbite of Inwyt is written in the English of Kent 262
Date of its completion • . . : 262
Pater Noster " 262
Ave Maria 262
Creed 262-3
For to shake away heaviness and dread, and turn them into the
love of God (Sermon on Matthew xxiv. 43) . • . . 263
The Father of the House— the Will of Reason . . . . 263
The House — Conscience 263
The Thief— the Devil 263
Door-keeper — ^Prudence . . . . . . i . . . 263
Dread, the messenger of death 264
Dread's description of hell 264-5
Love of Everlasting Life — a messenger from heaven . . 266
Description of heaven 266-69
Difference between Men and Beads 270-71
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AYENBITE OF INWYT.
AUTHOR'S PREFACK
Aye J>e iiondi[w]gge8 of J>e dyeule : zay ))is }et uol^ej). " Zuete iesu
l^in holy blod / ^et ]>ou sseddest ane fe rod / nor me and uor man-
kende : Ich bidde ))e hit by my sseld / anoreye fe wycked n5nd :
al to mi lyues ende . zuo by hit."
Jjifl boc is dan Michelis of Northgate / y-write an englis of his
o^ene hand, fet hatte : Ayenbyte of inwyt. And is of f e boc-
honse of saynt Austines of Canterberi . mid fe lettres : C : C :
Holy archan[g]le Michael
M' n '. n ', Saynt gabriel . and Raphael
\J ' \J ' Ye brenge me to f o castol
per alle zaulen varef wel
Lhord ihe^m almi3ti kyng . J>et madest / and lokest alle fyng.
Me j>et am J)i makyng : to fine blisse me fou bryng. Amen.
Blind . and dyaf . and alsno domb. Of zeuenty yer al uol rond.
Ne ssolle by dra3e to fe grond : Vor peny / uor Mark / ne nor pond.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
piAB byej) Je capiteles of fe boc noljinde / And byej y-wryte to
vynde y-redliche / by Jje tellynge of algorisme / ine huyche leave of fe
boc }>et hy by. And ine huyche half of Je lyeaue be tuaye lettres of
pe abece. ))et is to wytene .A. and .b. .A. betocnef fe uerste
half of . fe leave .b. J>e oJ»erhalf.
V
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TADLB OF CONTENTS.
J)e uore-speche of fise boc uol
:ynde .1. a.
pQ uerste godes heste .1. a.
\>Q o|>er godes heste .1. a.
pe ])Tidde godes heste .1. a.
Pe uerfe godes heste .1. b.
pe vifte godes heste .1. b.
pe zyxte godes heste .2. a.
Jje zenende godes heste .2. a.
pe e3teiide godes heste .2. a.
pQ ne3ende godes heste .2. b.
pe tende godes heste .2. b.
pe tueK articles of pe cnstene
•beleaue .2. b.
Of ])e sseawynge pet sayn Ion fe
godspellere yze3 .3. b.
Jje'^toknen of fe heaneden of pe
beste .3. b.
J)et uerste heaued of pe beste .4. a.
Hou me ssel to dele / pe zeue bojes
of prede .4. b.
pe oper bo^ of prede .5. a.
pe pridde boj of prede .6. b.
pe verpe boj of prede .6. a.
pe vifte bo3 of prede .6. a.
pe zixte boj of prede .7. a.
pe zeuende bo3 of prede .7. a.
J)et oper heaued of pe beste of
helle .7. a.
))et pridde heaued of pe queade
beste .8. a.
pe uerpe heaued of pe queade
beste .8. b.
pe vyfte heaued of pe queade
beste .9. b.
pe oper bo3 of couaitisc .10. b.
pe pridde bo3 of auarice .10. b.
pe TBFpe bo3 of auarice .11. a.
pe vyfte bo3 of auarice .11. b.
pe zixte bo3 of auarice .11. b.
Pe zeuende bo3 of auarice .12. a.
pe e3tinde bo3 of auarice .12. b.
pe ne3ende bo3 of auarice .12. b.
pe tende bo3 of auarice .12. b.
pe zyxte heaued of pe beste .13. a.
pe zeuende heaued of pe queade
beste .14. a.
Of pe zenne of yelpinge .17. a.
Leajdnges .18. a.
Of pe zenne of lye3ynge .18. b.
Cheaate .19. a.
Of grochinge .19. b.
Of wypstondynge .20. a.
Vor to lyemy stenie .20. b.
Hou me ssel knawe guod and
kuead .22. b.
Of tymlyche guodes .22. b.
Of pe lesse guodes .23. a.
Of pe zope guodes .23. b.
Of pri maneres of guode .23. b.
Ofuirtue.23. b.
Of wyt / and of clergye .24. a.
My3te .25. a.
Vrydom .25. b.
Noblesse .26. a.
Gentyl guod .26. b.
Of tuo lostuolle guodes .27. a.
Of virtue more specialliche .28. a.
Of pri pinges nyeduolle/to pe
erpe .28. b.
J)e uore-speche of pe holy pater
noster .29. b.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Hyer hegynp J»t holy pater noa-
teri .30. a.
pe ueiste bene of ]» holy pater
noster .31. b.
J}6 o])re bene of ]» holy pat^
noeter .32. b.
pe j^iidde bene of pe holy pater
noster .33. a.
pe uerj)e bene of pe holy pater
noster .33. a.
pe vifte bene of pe holy pater
noster .34. a.
))e zixte bene of ])e holy pater
noster .35. a.
))e zeuende bene of pQ holy pater
noster .35. b.
J)e zeue yef fes of Jje holy gost
.36. a.
Hueruore hy byej? y-cleped yef Jws
.36. b.
Hueruore hy byej> y-cleped yef J>e
of j)e holy gost .36. b.
Hueruore is man y-bor^e .37. a.
Of fe ])ri uerate uirtues .37. b.
Of fe uour uirtues cardinales.
Of Je office of pe uour mrtues
.38. a.
Temperance .38. a.
Stre[n]gJ>e .38. a.
Ri3[t]uolnesse .38. a.
Of Je jefpQ of drede .83. b.
Hou myldenesse wext ine herte
.39. b.
Of fe stapes of Myldenesse .40. a.
Of pe zeue bo es of Myldenesse
.41. a.
pe o])er bo^ of Mildenesse .41. b.
Of Milde herte .41. b.
)>e uerjye bo3 of Mildenesse .42. b.
pe vifte bo3 of Mildenesse .42. b.
Of borsamnesse .43. a.
pe zixte bo3 of Mildenesse .43. b.
pe zeuende bo3 of Mildenesse
.44. a.
Of pe mrtue of loue .44. b.
pe bo3es of loueiede .45. a.
pe uerste stape of ri3tuolnesse
.46. b.
pe o]}er stape of ri3tuolne8se .47. b.
pe pndde stape of ri3tuolnes80
.48. a.
pe ueT]}e stape of ii3tuolnesse
.48. a.
pe vifte stape of ri3tuolnesso
.48. b.
pe zixte stape of ri3tuolncsso
. .48. b.
pe zeuende stape of ri3tuolncsse
.49. a.
Of pe ho^ea of ri3tuolne8se .49. b.
Of pe yefje of stre[n]g])e .50. a.
pe todelinge of mrtues .51. a.
pe o])er stape of prouesse .51. b.
pe pndde stape of prouesse .51. b.
pe verpe stape of prouesse .51. b.
pe vifte stape of prouesse .52. a.
pe zixte stape of prouesse .52. a.
pe bo3es of prouesse .52. b.
1 MS. nosierer.
1 ♦
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
pe uerste yi3t .53. a.
Of J»e uorj^enchinge of fe king
damp .53. a.
Of8sryfte.53. b.
Of yno3bote .56. a.
Of fe yef Je of red/ and of mrtue
of merci .97. a.
Of pe guodes of ebnesse .60. a.
pe yef J>e of ondei8tondi[n]ge . and
of ^6 uirtue of chastet^ .62. a.
Of ])e zeue stapes of chastet^ .63. a.
J3e zeue bo^es of chastete .68. b.
pe vifte bo3 of chastete .70. b.
Hyer lyj> a tale .74. b.
Of fe jefye of wysdome. Of
fe mrtue of temperance.
And of sobrete .76. b.
Of fe stapes of sobrete .79. a.
Pater noster . Aue maria . Credo
.82. a.
Vor to ssake a- way beuinesse an
drede .82. b.
Huet is betuene man and best
.84. b.
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THE TEN BEHESTS.
J)E UORB-BPECHB. p^,^^
[FoL 1. ».]
Almi^ti god / yaf ten hestes / inefe la;e of iewes / ood gave ^<m»
pet Moyses onderning / ine pe helle of Synay / ine tuo ten apon two^te-
tables of ston / pet wei^ i-\mte / mid godes vingre . aiid ****" ^*^°^' j^J ^^^
him-zelf / efterhis beriwge / ine hia. Spelle / hj^Miise -" '
him-zelf / efterhis beriwge / ine hia. Spelle / h^
'^/ healde / andlolo/ to ech man / j)et wile by y-Dor3€
one . and Whoeo breaketh
theee bebeeta let
huo ]7et agelt / ine enie of pe ilke hestes : him ssel ])erof bim repent thei«-
uor-j)enche / and him ssriue / and bidde god meici / yef
he wyle by yboi^e.
bis boc is ywrite /* TbU book is irrtt«
'^ _. ' _ . . Un tor Engltob-
uor englisse men, ]»et hi wyte / men, that tbey
^ T . 11 1 1 may know bow to
hou hi ssoUe ham-zelue ssnue, shriTe and c
and maki ham klene / ine bise Hue. '***" in twa ii*.
' . ^ Thla book la
]>1S boc hatte huo bet Wnt / named by tta au-
thor
AYENBITB OP INWTT. Ayen-Ute of
auerst byej, / J,e hestes ten / SS^T"^"'
bet loki ssolle alle men. ^^^ "• **»• ^en
^ Beheata that aU
men aboold keep.
]?E UER8TE GODES EffiSTB.
))e ueTste heste jyet god made / and het : is )>is. " pon
ne sselt habbe / uele godes." fet is to zigge / " Jk)u ne
sselt habbe god / bote me . ne worssipie / ne send. And
j>ou ne sselt do Jine hope / bote ine me." Vor pe ilke /
]»et de]> his hope / he3liche ine ssep^e : zene^ep dyad-
Hche . and dej> aye Jise heste. Zuiche byeJ pe ilke / |jet
1 The following linea are tmttm covUinwnuiy asprow in the MS.
The Pint Com-
mandment»
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b THE SECOND OOMMANDHBNT.
worssipeJ» pe momenes . and inake)> hire god / of 8scp])e /
huich ])et hit by.
Xf^iTw^ too '^y® J^^® ^^*^ / zene^ejj fo / jjet to moche / louiejj
much love their hire guod. gold . ofei zeluer . opet opve pingea er])liche.
Huo pet I ine p\B% pmge& agelte]? : zette]? zuo moche
hire herte / and hire hope: jjet hi uoryetej) / hire
ssepere . an lete]) him / ])et alle p\a& guodes ham len]».
And Jjeruore / hi ssolden him semi / and Jjonki / and
toppe alle finges / louie / and worseipie / alzuo Je tekf /
p\B uoi8te heste.
' )}B OpEB, CODES HESTE.
The Second Com- Jje ofer heste / ys JieUich. " Jk)U ne sselt nime / godea
name : in ydeL" fet is to zigge : " J>ou ne sselt zuerie /
uor ni^t / and wy)»-oute guode scele . " Jiet oure Ihord
him-zelf / ons uorbyet / ine his spelle. f et me ne zuerie /
ne by fe heuene / ne by Je erje/ ne by o|?re ssep))e .
sweur not except ba les ine guode skele / me may zuerie / wyb-oute zenne .
for jttdgmentk or 1 r t i
other good caoM. ase ine dome / huer me okse]) / op\er\ / of zojie. o]>er out
of dome / in oj^ie guode skele . and clenliche / and skel-
uolliche. Ine non oj^re manyere / ne is no rijt to
zuerie. And |?eruore / huo f et zuerej wijK)ute skele /
]>ane name of oure Ihorde / and uor na^t : yef he zaeiep
uals / be his wytinde : he hiTn uorzuerr)) . and dep / to
ayans / fise heste . and zuer|j dyadhche . uor he znerp /
ayens inwyt . Jjet is to onderstonde / huanne he him
Swearing lightly uorzuerjj / be Jojte / and be longe fenchinge. Ac pe
like J>et zuerejj zoJ> / be his wytinde / and alneway uor
najt . o]}er uor some skele kueade / na;t kueadliche/
ake li3tliche / and wyJ>-oute sclondre : zuerej) hjtliche .
Jjajles J>e wone / is kueaduol / and may wel wende / to
zenne dyadliche / bote yef him ne loki. Ac pe ilke /
â– wearing hideoae- bet zuereb hidousHclie be ffod / obor by his hal^en / and
lyUdeallyeln. f . ^ , ^ . :, ,. ' , , , '
him to-Dre3J> / and zayj> him sclondres / fet ne bye]> na3t
to zigge: pe ilke zene^ep dyadliche. Ne he ne may
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THE THIRD OOMMANBMENT.
habbe skele : fei he him mo^e exciisi. And fe ilke ^et
mest him wonej) to zuerie : mest zenejejj.
J)E JJBIDDE CODES HESTE. xht ThiM Com- "
J}e j^ridde heste / is fellich . " Loke / fet Jk)U halji /
fane day / of Je sabat ; [Zeterday]," fet is to zigge . ^^ ^' ^-^
jjou ne sselt do / ine }» daye / of fe sabat [Zeterday] /
fine nyedes / ne fine workes / fet f ou mi3t do / ine of re
dayes. Ac f ou sselt f e resti / uor betere / f e yeme to R«8t the aevmth
bidde/ and to servi fine ssepere / fet hiw restede / fane ,erve <£!' *°
zeuende day / of workes / fet he hedde ymad ine f e zix
dayes beuore . ine hnichen he made the wordle / an
ordaynede [di3te.]. f is heste / uoluelf gostliche / him
fet lokef / be his mijte : f e pays / of his inwyt / god nor
to servi / more holylaker. bawne bis word / zeterday / satnrday or sab-
. . , , "^ , / '^ , ' '' bath means reit.
fet f e lune / clepef sabat . is ase moche worf : ase reste.
J>i8 heste / ne may non loki gosthche : fet by ine
inwyt / of dyadliche zenne . Vor zuich inwyt / ne may
by ine reste / f er huyle / fet hi is / ine zuich state. And instead of it, Holy
ine f e stede / of f e sabat / fet wes straytHche y-loked / day in the New
ine fe yalde laje : zet hoh cherche / fane sonday / to JjJ .***** ^*^*
loky / ine f e newe la3e . vor oure Ihord / aros / uram
dyafe to lyue / fane zonday. An f eniore / me ssel hine
loky / and uref ie / zo holyHche / and by ine reste / of
workes / ope f e woke . and more of workes / of sewne .
and yeue hi7n more / to gostliche workes / and to godes
soruise /, and f enche / ane his sseppere / and him bidde /
and f onky / of his guode. And huo / fet brekf fane and whoso breaks
zonday/ and f e of re he3e festes / fet byef y-zet to loky / high fensts, sius
ine holy cherche : zene^ef dyadliche / nor he def / aye ^'
fe heste of god. to-uore yzed . and of hoh cherche/
bote yef hit by / uore zome nyede / fet hoh cherche
gmnteb. Ac more zene^eb / be ilke / bet dispendeb bane »nd worse if he
1/ 3 1.. . ,;. 1, , , «P«nd them in uln
zonday / and fe festes ine zenne / and me hordom / and and whoredom,
in of re zennes / aye god. piae f ri hestes / dijtef ous / to
gode specialliche.
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FOURTH AND FIFTH COMMANDMENTS.
j)E uerJe codes heste.
^1. 1. b.] jje uerjje heste / is fellich . " Worjjssipe |?iiie iiader /
«and ]?ine moder . uor J)U sselt libbe J>e lenger ine yerje."
J3is heste / oxis amoneste)) / |?et we ous loky / jjet we / ne
Wrath not thy Fap wre|?|?i tmder / ne moder / wytindeliche . And huo pet
onwoTpep I his uader / and his moder / be his wytinde /
ojjer ham missayj/ o|?er wrejej? / mid kueade : zenejeth
dyadliche / an brekjj Jise heste.
We should honour Ine Jjise ilke heste / is onderstonde / pe worjjssipe /
thew and the over- J>et we ssolle here / to oure uaderes / gostliche. ]>et is to
chSoif,^'^^ ^*°^ / \^^ liabbe)) / |?e lokingge / ous to teche / and ous to
chasti / ase bye)) / Je ouerlinges / of holy cherche. And
^^^?!I?.i******" l^^^ 1^®^ habbej) / pQ lokinge / of oure zaules / and of oure
bodyes. And huo fet nele / bouje to ham / jjet habbejj
|?e lokinge of him / huanne hi techej? f et guod^ J)et me
Disobedience to is v-hvalde to done : zenejeb kueadliche. and zuych
them la a deadly ,
Bin. may by / jje onbo38amnesse : pei hit is / dyadlich zenne.
Tlie Fifth Com- J)B VIFTB GODES HESTE.
mandment.
Thou Shalt slay no Jje vifle heste / is Jjellich / " |?ou ne sselt / sla^e nenne
maiL" Jjis heste uorbyet / ]?et non ne ssel / slaje ofron /
neither for venge- uor a WTekinge . ne uoF his guodes . ober uor obre
anoe, nor for his
goods, for this Is wyckede skele . uor Jet is zenne dyadlich . f ajlea uor to
It is right to slay slaje jje misdocres / ri^t uor to done / and loki / and
e m oers. ^^^ ^^^ guode skele. hit is guod rijt / by pQ \^q / to
^^ J ^j him J>et ssel hit do / and yhyealde is fefto.
In this Uhest Is Tue |?is hesto ys uorbode / zenne of hate / and of
o7hi?e%t.iSS wrefe / and of grat ire . Vor alse ^yf / f e writing . >e
ThTbrother-hater ^^^® / ^^^ hatejj lus bro|?er : |re is / mansla3j)e / ase to
isaroan-suyer. his wylle / and Tj&tieyip dyadliche . and Je ilke / J>et
To bear long bereth Iwzge -vvrefe / ayens o|?ren . vor zuich wre))e /
others Is a deadly lowge yhyealde / and byuealde ine herte : is ine wre|je /
and ine hate : Jjet is dyadlich zenne. and aye fise
heste. And yet zenejej he more / fet dej? / oJ>er por-
chaccj) / ssame / o|?er harm / to ojjren : wrongliche. o|?er
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THE SIXTH AND SEVENTH COMMANDMENTS. V
is ine rede / and ine helpe / uor to do harmi oJ)ren / him
to awreko . Jw^les wreje / ofer onworfnesse / J>et gej» UMrm done an-
li3tliche / wyjjoute greate wille / an willinge / uor to u not a deadb- •In!
harmi o]?ren : ne is na3t dyadhch zenne.
[Fol. 8. a.]
pE ZIXTE OODES HBSTE. The Siith Ck>in-
mandment.
r be zixte heste / is bellich. « bou ne sselt do / T»»oa shait do no
/ X X / whoredom, nor de-
non hordom." bet is to zigge / bou ne sselt na^t wyhii •!»« fleehiy feiiow-
, , ,. , / ^ I r ^ ^ .hip with other
uelajrede ulesshch / "wyjj ojre manne wyf. men's wivee.
Ine bise heste / ous is uorbode / alle zenne of ulesse / ^*" ^*»«^ ^^
^11 I Wddeth lechery,
J>et me clepe)) generalliche / lecherie. fet is on / of ]« which i» one of the
zeuen dyadliche zennes. Jja^ j?er by zome bronches / fei
ne byej) na3t dyadlich zewne. ase byejj manie arizinges
of vlesse / })et me ne may najt al[r|e bevly. and J>o me
ssel na^ti / and wy|jdra3e / ase moche / ase me may. ■ome hmnch«i of
/which, aa ariainga
ne porchaci / ober be to moche of the flesh, are
not deadly Bins.
mete / o|?er drinke / ojer be euele ])03tes. to longe y-
hyealde. o])er be Igiiido takinges. Yor ine sniche jiinges /
me may habbe / harm of zaule. Ine bise heste is in tws behest are
,, ^i/.i /I. fort)idden all sins
uorbode / aUe zennen a-ye kende / ine huet manere / hy against kind (na-
byej y-do / o|?er ine his bodie : opei ine ofren.
bE ZEUENDE GODE8 HESTE. The Seventh
^ C!ommandment.
Jje zeuende heste / is Jellich. " J)ou ne sselt do / '^ '^^^ ^^ »<»
none J)ief|)e." Jjis heste ous uorbyet / to nimene / and
of-hyealde / o|?re mawne J)ing / huet Jiet hit by / be
wyckede skele / aye |?e wyl of him / ])et hit 03 J.
Ine bise heste is uorbode / roberie / biefbe / stale / This behest for-
*^ ' I t / I I biddeth robbery,
and gauel / and bargayn wyb obren / uor his 03en to thefi. stealing,
^ ' ' nsoryi bargain.
habbe. And J)e iike / pet dej) / aye Jjis heste : is yhyalde
to yelde. ])et he hej> / of ojre mawne kueadliche / yef
he wot to huam. And yef he not :] he is yhyalde / to
veue hit uor codes lone, ober / to done by be rede of
•^ ° , , 1 / . He that withhold-
holi cherche. Vor he |jet wyjhalt / o])re manne pmg ©th other men's
mid wrong / be kueade skele : zenejef dyadliche : bote ^J^*
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10 TEE EIGHTH AND NINTH OOMMANDMSNTS.
yef he hit yelde / Jjer ha ssel / yef he hit wot / and mo3e
hit do. ojer yef he ne dej> / hy fe rede of holy cherche,
Th« Eighth Com- Jje E2TENDE CODES HE8TE.
mmndrowit. ''
Thoa ihait hear pQ e3tende heste / is Jiellick '< t)ou ne sselt zigge /
II^AiMithineevra? ^^ne ualse wytnesse / aye J>ine emcristen."
Thta'^bSiett for- ^® f^ ^^^ I ^^ y^ uorhode / J>et we ne lyeje / ne
biddeih lying and Q^g uoTzuerie I ne ine dome / ne wyboute dome / uor to
fortw«ariiig. ' i ^j /
do harmi J)ine emcn'sten . and J>et me ne lede nenne
in wytnesse / uor to ampayri his guode los. ofer his
grace / jjet he hej> / nor fet is dyadlich zenne. To-ayens
Againrt this be- ]>ise heste do)) J)o / Jet misziggejj guode men / behinde
who are guuty of ham / be hire wy tindo. and by kueadnesse. jjet me
traction," clepej) / ])e zenne of detraccion . and J)o also / fet heriej)
fe kueade / and hire dedes / of hire kueadnesse / and of
hire foHes ywyte /^ofer yzo e / oj^er yherd . J)et is ze7?.ne
of blondi[7i]gge / o|?er of lozengerie / huanne me hit zay|?
and of flattery and to uore ham. o|jer ualshede / o)>er lyesinges / huanne he
jjet me spekjj of / ne is na3t present, vor alle Jos byej
[Fol. 8. b.]
ualse wytnesses.
The Ninth CJom- Jjg NE^ENDE G0DE8 HESTE.
niandment. â– ^
Thou fhait not J?e nejende heste / is ])elhclL " J?ou ne sselt najt
hour's wii.°* wylni / fine neyjbores* wyf. ne his wylni / ine Jine
Thou fthait not herte . '' ]?et is to zigge / Jou ne sselt na^t co;?senti / to do
content todoain # •i*.* i_j
with thy hoiiy. zewne / mid >ine bodye.
))is heste uorbyet / to wylni mid wyl of liei-te / to
liabbe uelajrede ulesslich/ mid alle wyfmon / * out of
spoushod. And Je kueade tocnen wijoute / Jet byej
ymad / uor to draje zewne / aso byej / kueade wordes / of
zuyche manere. ojer yef]>ea / ojer kueade takinges.
Tiie diifcrenoe be- And be difference of bise heste / mid be zixte / aboue
twoon the ninth -^ r i r i
and iixth Com- yzcd : zuo is /jet Je zixte heste uorbyet / Je dede wyj-oute.
mandroenta.
The aixih forbids *^^ ^^ uoibyet / Je grantinge wyjinne. Vor Je grant-
the outward deed, inge / to habbe uelan*ede ulesslich / mid wyfinen / bet ne
the nhith forbid. . \ , . , ' J ^.. ^ , . f
the inward oon- IS na;t lus be spouse : ys zenne dyadlich / be Je dome /
•''"""*• » MS. ntpbore^. « MS. wtufmrn.
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THE TENTH OOMMANDMENT. 11
of godes spelle / pet zayj). " Huo Jet zi^Jj ane wyfman /
and wylnej) his ine herte : he hej) y-zeiie3ed / ine hyre :
ine his herte . " J>et is to zigge : wyj> aperte wybii[«]gge /
and mid ]}03te.
bE TBNDB GODES HESTE. The Tenth Coxn-
^ mannment.
pe tende heste / is j^eUicL " pon ne sselt na3t ivyhii Thoa â– haitnotde-
Jjing / Jet is Jine nixte." Jis heste uorbyet / wyl to la thy neighbour'*,
hahbe ojre mawne J>ing / by wyckede scele.
Ine bis heste / is uorbode ennie / of obre manne i" ^^la beheet is
' ' ' ' forbidden envy, of
guode. ober of obre manne grace . Vor be ilke enuie / which oomes co-
^ r r o r / vetou«nee«,ad«ad-
comj of kueade couaytise / uor to habbe Jet guod / ojer h- «in.
Je ilke grace . Jet he y-zi^J ine ojren. And Je ilke
couaytise / hnanne Je consentemewt / and Je Jo3tes Jer-
to : is dyadlich zenne. and aye Jise heste. J3a3les /
li3te couaytise / to habbe ojre mawne Jing / by *
guode scele : ne is no zewne . and yef Jer is / eni knead Any evu arising
arizinge / wyj-onte wylle / and wyj-onte grantinge / to Jli^^utSf Ihere tS
hanni oJren : hit ne is no ze77ne. and yef Jer is zewne : JTiut HghT*^**^
hit is li3t zenne.
J)is bye J Je ten hestes / huer-of Je Jri uerste / ons These are the Ten
di3t wel to god . J)e oJre zeuen / ous di3t to oure' nixte. the thrw first di-
J)ise ten hestes / bye J to echen / Jet he J scele / as^d elde / the'^thOT*8e^en*U)
yhyealde to conne / and to done . Vor huo J^t dej Jer- «""«»8hbour.
teyens / be his wytinde : zen3e J dyadhche.
pE TUELF ARTICLES / OF })E CRISTENE BELEAUE. The Twelve Arti-
cles of the Chrls-
pjSQ bye J Je tuelf articles / of Je cn'stene byleue / tian Belief.
There are twelve
Jet ech man cr/sten / ssel yleue stedeuestliche. uor articles of the
o Jerlaker / he ne may by ybor3e / huanne he heJ wyt /
and scele. And berof byeth tuelf. by Je tale / of Je "bythetaieofthe
, ,. _ 1, , , ,, / twelve apoetlee."
tuelf apostles / Jet hise zette to hyealde / and to loky / to
aUe Jon/ Jet wylej by ybor3e. Jjawne Je uerste / be- ^he first belongs
longej to Je uader. Je zeuende : to Je zone, the uerje / the seven loiiow-
to Je holi gost. uor Jet is Je byginninge / of the beleaue: and the remaining
yleue ine Je holy tWnite. Jet is ine Je uader / and ine ^^^ **** ^^^^
^ toy in MS.
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12 THE ARTICLES OF THE BELIEF.
Je zone / and ine Je holy gost. on god / an Jri p^/*8ones.
Alle J)ise articles / hjep ycontyened ine pe credo. / yet
fe tuelf apoetles made . hner-of / ecli zette his.
The ftnt article J)e ueiste article, ys bellick " Ich beleue ine eod /
(of the Fmthei) ^ ,
WM Mt 17 St j)e uader almijti / sseppere / of heuene / and of erjje." J>is
article zette saynte peter.
The Moond article he obcT article / belonffcb to be zone / aze to his
Of the Son'a God- ' , , /
head) waa wt by godhcdc / ]ret 18 to zigge / ]7et he is god . and is ])ellich .
" Ich beleue ine yesu crist / oure Ihord / godes zone fe
uader / in alle Jinges / ])et belongej) to ])e godhede / an
is onlepi |?ing / mid ])e uader : bote of j)e persone / J)et is
o j)er / ])anne Je persone of ])e uader ] ))is article zette /
[Foi. s. ».] sayn Ion Jie godspellere.
The third article he bridde article / and the vifte / bet uoheb efter /
and the fifth treat , , '^ '. (Y ^r I
of the Sou's man- belouge]? to ]w zone / ase to J>e manhode ; pet is to
zigge / ase jjet he is man dyadlich . Janne mid ])e fridde
of hu conception article / is ycontened / ])et he wes y-kend / of |je holi
gost / and y-bore of Je mayde Marie. J3et is to onder-
stonde / J>et he wes y-kend / ine Je Maydo Marie / be ]>e
dede / and by Jw uirtu / of ])e holi gost / and no|jing / of
dede / of man. And the mayde Marie / blefte eure
Thu article waa mayde / an yhol be-uore / and efter. J?is article zette
stJamea' brother, zayn lacob / sayu lonnes bro})er.
The foarth arude \>^ uer])e article / beloTzge]? to his passion . J^et is to
IS^*^*^^**^ zigge / |?et he ])olede dyaj> onder pouns pikte / |?et wes
paen / and demere / ine |?o time / ine ierusalem : by fe
romayns. Onder |jo demere / wes lesu crist y-demd /
wy|j wrong / to J)e biddinge / of J>ri kueade ieus / and y-
and was iet by St do a rode / and dyad / and y-do in-to berieles. bis
Andrew. '
article zette saynt andreu.
The fifth am- he vifte article / zuo is / bet ha wente into helle /
de treau ofthe.*^... 1, ,
• Harrowing of efter his dyaj>e / uor to dra^e J>a»nes / and to deliuri J>e
Hell."
zaules / of ]}e hoH uaderes . and of alle ]7on / ]7et uram J?e
ginni[n]gge/of J>e wordle storue /in zoj) & guode byleaue/
and ine hope / Jjet hi ssolden by y-borje / be him / uor ]«
zewne / of the uerste manne. Hit behouede / |)et aUe
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THE ARTICLES OF THE BELIEF. 13
wenten / into helle and J)ere abydft Je guode / ina in hen abode the
zikere hope. ])et iesu crist / godes zone / ssolde come / his of deUveraaoe.
to delinri / be fet he hedde behote / be his prophetis.
And uor po scele / wolde he / efter his dya))e / wende in to
helle . bet is to onderstonde, / ine bo half / bet were be Tiw ^c^ed were
left In bell, there
ha^en . Na3t ine po half: J>et were J)e uorlorene. J>et to abide for ever,
weren dyade / ine hire zenne / and in hire misbileue.
And fo ne droj he najt . uor hi byej» uorlore / uor
euremo. J?is article / zette saynt philippe. Sm"^*^ *^ ^'
be sixte article is / of his arizinge . bet is to wytene . The euth is of
^ ' o r J Chriflt's raurreo-
jK3t Janne Jjridde day / efter his dyajie . uor to uoluelle Je tion,
writinges : he aros uiam dya|je / to line . and sseawede
him / to his deciples. and ham prauede / his arizinge :
ine uele maneres / be uourti dajes. bis article / zette *°^ ''⠖ • ■•t by st
' '^ ' f Thomae.
saynt thomas.
J^ zeuende article is. J>et Jane uourta3te day / efter his The seventh arti-
arizinge / huanne he hedde y-yete /mid his deciples, to- after hie rising ^'
uore ham/al aperteliche /stea) into heuene / Jet is aboue / intohearon?^^
""alle ssepje / Jet ys ine heuene / al to godes rijt half / Je
uader / huer he hiTn made. J)is article / zette seynt ThiaarUdeset st
, ., , Bartholomew.
bartholomeu.
j)e ejtende article is. Jet he ssel come / ate daye of The eighth article
dome / to deme Je dyade / and Je Hbbinde . Je guode / come at doome.
ande Je kueade . and yelde to echen / be Jet he hej of-guo ^^'^"^^
/ ine Jise wordle. Jjise byeth Je artikles / Jet belongej
to Je zone, bis article zette seynt Matheu be codsspellere. ^* Matthew set
' *' r o r this article.
Jje nejende article / and Je Jri laste : belongej / to Je The ninth article
holi gost. and is Jellich. " Ich beleue / ine Je holi belong to the Holy
gost." Jjis article aksej / Jet me leue / Jet Je holi gost /
is Je yefje / and Je loue / of Je uader / and of Je zone /
hueiof comb / al be guod of grace . and bet he is / onlepi The Holy ohoetu
, , ,..,.,,!, ' *^ the gift and love
god / an onlepi Jmg/ mid Je uader / and Je zone / bote of the Father and
Je persone / Jet is, ojer / Janne Je p^rsone of Je uader /
and / of Je zone. Jjis article sette / saynt lacob / zaynte JMs article aetst
Simones and saynte ludes bro Jer. ^^^ , ^^
J3e tende article is JeUich. " Ich y-leue holy The tenth artuie
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14 ST John's vision of the beast.
towihi **of(iainu! *^®^^ generallich© / and ]>e meimesse of haljen"/ ]jet is to
zigge : pe uelajiede of alle pQ hal;en / and of alle pe
guode men pet hjep / and ssolle by. al to J>e ende of pQ
wordle / and weren zeppe pe ginni[n]gge, to gidere / ine pe
In thu tftide an bvleaue of lesu crist. And ine bise article/ byeb onder-
ondentood the *' ^ V / , ,
stonde / pe zeve sacremens / J?et byej» me holy cneicne .
]»et is to wytene. ciistninge . coTiferminge. pe sacrement
of pe wyefde. ordie. spoushod. pe holy ssiiffce. and pe
Thta articto wt St laate I anoylingo. J)is article zette sayn simoun.
The eleventh ftrti- f)e enlefte is. to leue : pe lesnesse of zenne. ]»et god
ntuoion^ ^^ jeip be pe virtue / of his holi sacremens / Jiet byej ine
st Jnde set thia }iQii chercho. bis article zette sayn lude.
article. ' '^
The twelfth article Jje tuelfte article is . to leue / pe general arizinge of
general riaing of bodyc. and j)et lif / "wyJ)-oute ende. Jet is pe blisse of
without end, paradis. ]>et god ssel yeve to ham / Jiet hit habbe]) of-
guo / be guode beleaue : and be guode workes. J?is
and everiaating article / yefb to ondcTstonde / his coniraiie, bet is / be
ponishmttnt pre- I J r I , f
pved for the toi^ pine / wyJ>-oute ende / Jet god hej) agrayjed / to )>e uorlo-
rene. ))is article / ssel by onderstonde / ine zuyche
By it we under- manere ; bet ech / by he guod / by he kued / ssel by ate
atandthatboth '^ ' ^ ^ . ,
good and bad shftU daye of dome / arered uram dyaje / to lyue / ine his
ward in the body 03ene bodye / huer he ssel habbe an. and onderuonge
have deserved in hls mede / ine bodye / and ine zaule / be Jet he heJ of-
thia lift. ^^ j ^g jjg^ 2£^g^ ^^ Jeruore / ssolle Je guode / at Jo
daye / ine bodye / and ine zaule / by in lif / wy J-oute
ende. and the kueade : uorlore euremo / ine bodye and
^^'bT^st* v!!l "^® ^^®- ^ article zette saynt MaJJi.
thew.
OftheTiaionofSt Of ))E BSEAWYNQE J>ET SEINT IoN ))E
John.
GODSFELLERE TZEJ.
St John saw a Mi Ihord sauyu Ion / ine Je hoc / of his' sseawyinges.
the sea. Jet is y-cleped / Je apocaHpse : zuo zayj / Jet he yze^ a
best / Jet com out of the ze . wonderliche ydi3t. and to
hiving a leopard's moche dreduoL Vor bet bodi of be beste: wes ase
UKiy, a bear's feet, ^ '
a lion's thrwit, Hpard. Je uet / weren of here. Je Jrote / of Uoun.
heada and ten and hit hedds / zeve heauedes . and ten homes . and
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THE HEADS OP THE BEAST. 15
ope the ten homes, ten corounes. And yzej saint Ion. ^"^^"^^t.
Jjet J>e ilke kueade best / hedde mi^te / of hiwi-zelve / to '^^^^g^,
vi3te / wyj> pe hal3en / an his to ouercome / and to oueiv ••^^ *<> ^k"** *i^*»
maistri. J)is ilke best / zuo wonderuol / and zuo y-coun- ■•inte.
trefeted / and dreduol : betocneb / bane dyeuel / bet com TWi b«at be-
out of ]^ ze / of helle / )^t is uol/ of alle zor3e / and ox whooometh out or
alle bitemesse. pet bodi of ])e beste / ase zay]) saynt ^ig g^^ ^^ ^1
Ion . zuo wes ylich / to Jie lipard . uor J)et ase Jie lipard / J^,^i[pi^ tu
hej) diuers colurs : zuo hej> })e dyeuel diverse maneres / Jj^jfeet,^^ *^
of waytinges / and of contae-/ uor to gily / an uor to
uondi pQ uolk. j)e net weren ilich / fe net of bere. vor
alse fe bere / ^t hef pe stre[n]gj)e ine f e net / and ine
pe armes / halt strangliche. and bint / pet he hep / onder
his net / and ])et he beclep]» : alsuo de]» pe dyevel ham /
J)et he heJ) beclept / and ouerjwuwe be zenne. J>e f rote ^^ cnwity by the
wes of lion . uor his greate cruelet6 / bet al wyle uor- for the devu wui
, for-swallow all.
juelze.
b5 TOKNBN OF bB HKAVBDEN OP bB BESTB. The tokens of the
' * '^ heads of the bcjwt,
pe zeue heauedes / of J>e beste of helle : byejj pe ^ ^^.^^ ^^^^
zeuen hauedliche zennes. be huichen / pe dyeuel draj]) are the seven doad-
to him / ase al be wordle. Vor onneabe yualb / bet me ^very one raUs in-
ne ualj) / in-to pe Jrote / of zome : of pe zeue heauedes. â– ome of the 8e\en
And Jeruore / zayj) wel saynt Ion : J)et hit hedde mijte /
aye be hal en. vor in erbe / ne ys zuo hoH man : bet ^o™ *• «> holy aa
•^ ' M I V t to avoid all 8ln».
mo3e / parfitliche beuly / alle pe maneres of zenne. J>et
of Jnse heuedes zeue come]) / wy)»-oute special priuilege
of grace / alse hit wes / ine pe mayde Marie / oper ine
zome ojjren / pe special grace / pet he hedde of god. pe '^^^^^ ^
ten homes of pe beste / betoknep / pe geltes of pe ten <>' ^^ lo beheeta.
hestes / of our Ihorde / pet pe dieuel purchacep / also
moche ase may / by be zeuen / beuore yzed zennen. be The lo crowns are
' ,, _ ' . , ,. the 10 victories he
ten corounes aboue / betoknep / pe ouercominge / pet hit hath oversinner*.
hep aboue / allej zenuolle / uor pet / he dep his agelte / ine
pe ten hestes.
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16 THE FIRST HEAD OF THE BEAST.
The fiT»t head of u^ UER8TB HEAUBD OP JjE BE8TB.
the Beaat. * '
The flwt head i« J>et uerste heaued / of Je beste of helle : ys prede. J>ct
2nd Envy, o|?er / IB enuie. ]>e Jjridde / wrefe. ])e uer|je / sleauje /
4th Sloth,' Jet me clepej? / ine clei^e : accidye. Je vifte / icinge. in
6th GiuttonTT*** cle[r]gie / auarice. oJ?er couaytise. fe zixte / glotounye.
7th Lecheiy. ^ zeuende lecherie / ojjer luxurie. Of Jise zeue heauedes /
comj ech manere zenne. and Jjeruore / hi bye|j y-cleped /
These are all head- baved-zennes. uor ])et hi bye]} / heaued / of alle kueade /
ningofaUySSed- ^^'^ of alle zennes. and ginniwge / of aUe kueade. be
"•■^ by dyadliche / be by ueniaL Jeanne / ech of }je ilke
And flret we wiu zeuen him to-delb / ine uele halues. And uerst / we
Ulk of pride, the .„ . ; « /» , i
first sin, wille]) zigge / of Jje zenne of predo / uor ])et wes J>e
uerste zenne / and \q aginniyj^ge / of alle kueade. vor ,
which was com- prede / brek uerst uelawede / and ordre / huanne lit^bere ^T /
mltted by Lucifer, ^ ' -*-? ' ' / '
J)e angel / vor his greate uayrhede / an his greate wyt :lj I
wolde by aboue / ])e o))re angeles / and hi?^^ wolde emni /
to god / ])et bine zo uayr / an zuo guod : hedde y-mad.
wherefore he and And Jeruore / he vil uram heuene : and becom dyeuel.
h»ven! ^ and he / and al his uela3rede. Hym anlikne]} / alle
proude / |?et uela^rede / said orire of men / onde|? / and
Like him are au brekb / huawno hi wylleb / by aboue obren. and more
that exalt */ j i ^ i
themselves above by slozed / and y-preyzed / Janne eni ojjor / f et bctere
other*.
bye]) wor}j.
The Might of JjE MYlTE OF PREDE.
Pride. ^
Pride bUndeth jjjg zenne of prede / ys to dreduoL uor hi ablent
men, i
men. zuo ])et hi ham-zelve / nc knawej) / ne ne zye]?.
so that they are bet is be wel stranff / and be wel special aid / to be
beguiled by the ' ^ i r x i r
devil whether they dyeule / hucT-of he bo-gylej) / ])e heje men / and Jje
wise, yl^lot ' uayre / and fe riche / and ]?e wyse / and |?e hardi / and Je
buTaipeci^ worjjuolle. And generalliche / ech manere of uolk. ac
great lords, specialliche / |?e greate Ihordes / zuo J>et by ham zelue /
ne knawyj) / ne yzej) / hire misdedes / ne hire folies / ne
hire wyttes. Janne is. hit / J>e meste periluse ziknesse /
J)et is of oJ>ren. Vor-zo]?e / he is ine grat peril / to huam /
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THE SEVEN BOUGHS OF PRIDE. 17
alle tn'acle / went in to venym. Also deb techinge / and to whom t^tehing
' "^ r -^ I and ohastlBement
chastisement / to ]?e proude. Vor |?e more / J)et me him proflteih not.
wy[j)]mm]» / and blame]) / and chastef : ])e more / he him
wrejef . and J>e more him werej.
Prede / is fe dyeules oje dorter / Jjet he]) / grat del / Pride is the devil's
ine his kende. Prede werrej) wy]) god / of his guode. w»ni against God.
and god / ])rau]) doun prede / and werrej) wij) him. wicked pracUoes.
Prede / is king / of wyckede J>eawes. Hy is Je Houn / ^;i;;J,^t2.''"**^
j)et al uorzuelj). Prede astru]) / alle fe guodes / an aUe C*'oL i. bj
J)e graces / and aUe J)e guode workes / fet byej> ine
manne. Vor prede / make]) of elmesse / zenne. and of
mrtues/ vices, and of guode workes / huer-of me ssolde
b^ge heuene : make]) wynne heUe.
Jjis zenne / is fe uerste / J)et asayle]) / Jane knijt / oure This sin b the
Lhord / and huan' last let. Yor huanne he he]) / aUe oar Lord, and was
o])re kuedes ouercome : ])anne him asayle]) prede / \q him.
st[r]anglaker.
HOU MB SSEL TO-DELE IjB ZEUB B02BS OP PREDE. The Seven Boughs
^ of Pride.
))is zenne him to-del]) / and spret / ine zuo uele
deles / ])et onnea])e / me may hise telle. Ac zeuen
principals doles / Jer byef. Jet bye]) / ase zeue bo^es /
J)et guoj) out / and bye]) y-bore / of ane wyckede rote.
))anne / Je uerste bo3 of prede : is / ontreuje. ])e i. untmth,
oper : onworfhede. Je Jridde : ouerweniwge. ])et we^ iii. presumption,
clepej / pre^umcion. pe uer))e folebajTie. Jet we^ clepiej / iv. Ambition,
,.. .« iiii. • ..V. Idle-blifls,
ambicion. ])e vifte : ydele blisse. Je zixte : ypocnsie. vi. Hypocrisy,
Je zeuende : wyckede drede. To ])ise zeue dijtinges / ^^^
belongej alle Je zennes / Jet byj y-bore of prede.
Ac ech of Jise zeue bojes / hej uele smale tuyegges.
J3e uerste bo^ of prede / Jet is / ontreuje. he him to-
delb / in bii little boaes. huer-of be uerste / \b kuead. Tiie three twigs of
f I J^ ' ^ ' Untruth.
bo ober : worse, be bridde / alberworst. be on is voul- i. Fouihood,
'^ '^ ^ ^ ' ^ _ ' __ , II. Foolishness,
hede. ])e ojer : wodhede. Je Jndde : renoyrye. Voul- iii. Apostasy.
hede : generalliche / is ine eche zenne. vor no zenne / i- Fouihood
ne is / wyj-oute uoulhede. and zuo beginnej / alle
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18 OP INGRATITUDE AND FOLLY.
zennes / be voulhede. Ac pe uoulhede / pet we spekej)
of hier specialiclie / fet com)) of prede. and is a man-
yere / of ontreuJ?e : is a vice / J^et is y-cleped / ine clergie :
or inifTRtitude is ingratitude / bet Is uoryeti[n]ge ofgod / and ofhis guodes.
to forget God and , i . / i i i -i •
hia gift*. pet me ne ponkep him na^t / ase me ssolde do. ne him
ne yeldej) ))onke8 / of his guodes / pet he ous hef ydo.
He is a great Vor-zobe he is wel vileyn / and ontrewe / auoreye his
Tllain that never ^ # v
retunu thanks for Ihord / }>et alle guod / him hep y-do. and him ne
ponkep I ac uoryet : and yelt him / kuead nor guod.
Such viiany do and vileynye / uor corteysye. \>e ilke vileynye / dej)
those who do not , « , 1/1 t • 1 ^
thank God, man to god / huaunc he / ne De))eng)) him na3t / of pe
guodes / J>et God him hej> y-do / and liim dej> alneway.
and na^t him j^onke)) / ac ra}>re him / ofte wene]) / ine
Jjet / J>et he M&ep kueadliche / and aye godes wiL
tat nee hie gifta j)et is wel grat vileynic / ase me J)ingJ) / J)et grat guod-
nesse / onderua[n]g]) / and ne daynej) na)t / to zigge : grat
])aiik. And yet hit is more grat : huanne / me him
uorza3]> / ojjer huanne / me hi?w uoryet. ac pe ilke / is
and each day re- to grat : huanne echedaye / onderuangf pe guodnesses :
and echedaye / yelt kuead / uor guod.
We have no gifts )pe ilke / }>et Jeanne wel J^engj) / and ofbe lokede / to
gh'cn us, be they j'^ guodes / J>et god him hep ido / and dej) alneway : and
tl^!nr' '*''" >®* ^^ ^^ I ^® ^^ ^^^ ' f®* 8od ne hej) / hit him
y-yeve. ne guodes of kende : ase uayrhede. and hel))e.
an strengjje of bodye. an slejj)e. and naturel wyt /
auoreye pe zaule. ne guodes of auenture. ase richesses.
worssipe. and hejnesse. ne guodes of grace, ase by^
i^t OS thank God uiHues. and tFUode workes. wel ssolde he bonki god :
for aU his gifts to ° ,
us. of alle his guode. vor guodnesse : ojwr eksep.
II. Folly or mad- J>e ojjcr / outreujje. fet comjj of prede : is wodhede.
The man la out of me halt ane man wod. Jjet is out of his wytte / ine
bis wiis, huam : skele is miswent. fanne wext ari3t / \>e ilke foL
[Foi. 5. a.] j^^ miswent. and wel yzed / wod. Jet wj'tindeliche /
who raisusea his and hardiliche / J)e guodes / ])et ne bye)) najt his. ake
whereof behoveth byef. liis Ihordes guodes. huer-of / liim behouej /
m> e aocoun , g^j^^jj^i^Q j yp\^Q rckeninge / and sccle. J)et iv*? to
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THE SECOND BOUQH OF PRIDE. 19
wytene/j>e guodes / of sue gra% pris/and])e timlichiB
guodes / j)et he hef / ine lokinge. )>e mrtues of J>e bodie /
and jje J)0}tes / fe cawsenteinena / and fe willes of pe
zaulea / waste]) / and despendejj / ine folyes / and ine
outrages / to-uore be e^en / of his Ihorde, an hiw pe and thinketh not
' ^ . \ . â– , , , . ofthedayofreck-
poruayjj / of his rekemnge. and wel wot / pet rekeni oning.
him behoue)). an ne wot / huanne. ne J)ane day. ne pe
oupe. Zuych folie / is wel y-cleped / onwythede. Of of rach vice« th«
' ' great proud nuia
zuiche vices / byej) nolle / pe greate proude men / fet usejj m© ftiu.
kueadliche / pe greate guodes / ]>et god ham he]> ylend.
Jje J)iidde ontreuJ?e jjet comj) of prede : ys renayrie. in- Apoeuwj.
He ys wel renay / bet / bet land bet he halt of his Ihorde / Ha it an apostate
, . /^ I.,. , , , ,. that giveth hla
de]y m-to pQ hond of his uyende. and de]> him man- lord's land to his
hode. Zuych zerone make]> ech Jjet zene^ej? dyadliche.
uor banne alzo moche ase of him is he deb manhode to »• doeth he who
pays homage to
pe dyeule / and becomj) his ]yreL and him yelt al ])et the devit
he halt of god / and bodi / and zaule. and oj^re guodes.
bet he deb to be seruice of be dyeule. And albai he Such a one le only
'^ . . . Christian in name
by be his zigginge cristen : he renay J) be dede / and »nd not in deeds.
ssewe}) )>et He ne is najt Ac specialliche ine j^ri man-
eres is man ycleped reney. and uals cristen. ober uor ^^^ ciiristians
]7et he ne belef ]; / j^et he ssolde / ase de}> j^e bougre : and against their
pe heretike / and pe apostate. J)et reneye)> hire bileaue. Bworn,*iiar8, uid
Oj?er uor jjet he agelt J>e byleaue J)et he bylef J>. Alsuo ^*^**®*-
doj) pe uorzuorene. and pe lexers of pe byleaue. Oj)er
belef ]) moie ])anne he ssolde. ase do]> pe deuines / and
pe wichen / and pe channeresses }>et worke}> be pe
dyeules ciefte. and alle ])0 ])et ine zuyche J^inges sochmensin
yleuej) and doJ> hire hope: zene^ep dyadliche. Vor for they sin
alle zuiche J)inges byejj aye pe byleaue. and Jjeruore •8*in»t the belief.
his uorbyet holy cherche. J)ise byejj pe manieres of
on-treuj^e / fet is ^ ueiste boj of prede.
))E 0]}ER BO) OF F/2EDE.
pe ojer boj / Jet com)> out / of )» stocke / of prede : 7^^^,^^
zuo is onworfnesse [despit] / J>et is / wel grat zenne. (Contempt).
2 ♦
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20 THE THREE KINDS OF CONTEMPT.
And J>a3 hit by- zuo / J>et no zenne dyadlich / by wijj-
oute onworfnesse / of god. alneway be ]>et / ^t we spekej)
^^'"of toL a^^ ^^ onworJ)hede / hyer specialliche / ine fii maneris / me
I. Not praising niav zened / be bise zenne. Ober uor bet / me ne
others M they de- J > I r Y r I
serve. prayze]> / ojren ari^t / ine herte / ase me ssolde. 0]>er
II. Not to honour uoT bet / me ne ber]j na3t worssipe / and reuerence : Jcr
and reverence
where one shoaid. J)et me ssoldo. ' 0]^r uor ])et / ])et me ne bouj]) na3t ari3t :
obedienoe to those to ham / }>et me ssolde / ri^tuolliche bouje.
ThiniThow oocn ^0^ Jjonch ri3t wel / ine Jjine herte / hou ofte / J>e-
^J^'^lJi. ^^st y-do / J>e ilke zenne / Jet Jjou best / ine J)ine herte-:
fe ilke / J)et more bye J) worj) / Jeanne ]>ou / onworfost.
uor zome graces wyjjoute / Jet god / J>e hej y-yeve. ojer
uor noblesse / ojer uor prowessa ojer uor richesse.
ojer uor wyt. ojer uor uayrhede. ojer uor oJ>re
guodes / huet Jet hi by : hueruore / Jou Je prayzest /
more Jaime Je ssoldest. and ojren lesse.
how thoa hast iui- Eftorward / bench hou uele zibe bou best / litel ybore
ed in glvln? due , , [ i , ,
honour to Ood, to worjssipe / and reuerence / to ham / Jet Jou ssoldest,
saints, and His AucTst / to god. and to his moder. and to his hal en.
*"^^'' and to Je angles of heuene. Vor Jer ne is non / to-yans
huam / Jet Jou ne best agelt / ine onwor[j]nesse [des pit].
ojer be onworjnesse / Jet Jou best / ofte zijes / euele /
and wroje / y-loked hire festes.
and how many Efter Jan Jench / hou uele zi Je / Jou best misserued
bSj Mi^^^ ^^"^ Ihord Jesu crist. oJer ine Jet / Jet Jou ne best na3t
^^Jh^^^^ blejeliche / y-hyerd his seruise. ne y-zed his benes. ne
mons» yhyerd sermons, and huaime Je ssoldest yhere his
and in Jangling messe / ober his sennon / at cherche ; bou iangledest /
and jesting at ' ^ r a /
mass. and bourdedest / to-uor god. and ine Jet / Ju here him /
litel worjssipe.
Think too how Efterward / hou Jou hest uelezi Je / litel ybore worj-
hast tho^^to the ssipo. to Je bodyc / of Jesu crist / Ja^me Jou liit yze^e.
S^°thou Milest ^^^ Janne / Jou hit onderuinge. ine Jet / Jet Jou nere
or receivedst it, jj^g^.^ J dignehche y-dijt / be ssrif Je. and by vorjen-
I!2i?fo? k'*"' chinge. Ojer be auenturc / Jet wors is : Jet Jou hit
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THE THIRD BOUGH OF PRIDE. 21
onderuinge ine dyadlich zewne / be bine wytinde / Jet is beforehind by
â– hiift and npont-
grat onwor}>ne8se. [despit.] v. ance.
Eftwward / to fine zuete uela^e / and to Jjine / guode
lokere / ]>in angle. Jet alneway / J>e lokej. hou uele
esames / Jou heat him y-do / ine Jet / Jou dedest / Jine
ze»nes / beuore him.
EfterwardJench/houueleziJe/Jouhesty-by/onboj- Think how ofun
sam to Jine uader / and to Jine moder. and to Jan / to diMbedient to thy
hnaw Jou ssoldeflft bouje : and here honur. Yef Jou S'Sortrfht!;
wylt / ine Jise manere / recordy Ji lif : Jou sselt ysi Jet [J^'Jhait J^'thmt
Jou hest / more zibe y-zenejd / ine zuyche manere / of '**<*" ^»*"* "^n"*^
piede / Jet is ycleped / onworjnesse [despit] : Jet Jou / t^oa oan«t num-
ne kanst n^t telle.
JE iij B03 OP FJtsrDE.
J}e Jridde bo3 of prede : is / arrogance. Jet me clepe J / Th« **»w Bongh
opweninge / ojer opniminge. Jawne Je roan / wenj g«nce^orUpween-
more / of him-zelue / Janne he ssolde. J>et ys to zigge : a man i« ifoiity of
Jet wenJ by / more worj : Jawne he by. oJer more {hl^iTeiMtlLuch
may: Ja/ine he mo3e. oJer more conne : Jawne he ofithenl.''*"^^***
can. oJer wenJ by more worJ. oJer more mo3e. oJer
more conne : Janne eny Jer. Jjis zewne / is Je strengje /
of Je dyeule. vor he lokej / and norissej / alle Je greate This sin noarish-
gostliche zennes. Jjis zewne him sseawej / ine uele Bpiritaai »in«^"**
maneres. oJer be dede / Jer be speche. ac nameliche / â„¢"^ iL".', w'lj?
ine zix maneres. Jet is to wytene / ine onlepihede. uor Je i. singularity.
, / 1. V u / The proud and the
proude / and Je ouerwenere / wenej more by worJ / overwemer win
oJer conne : more Jawne enie ojre. and ne daynej II^otherT*
na3t do / ase ojie / Jet more bye J worJ / Janne he by. ac
rajre / wile by / onlepi ine his dedes. J)et is Je uerste
zenne / be huam ouerweninge is ine dede.
J)e oJer is / fol niminge / of greate spendinge. Jet me ii. Prodigality,
clepe J prodigality, huanne he dej / to moche despense. spending of
fAi. .in. ji; money. In orderto
Jer / of his 03en : o Jer / of o Jre mawne : uor to by / y- ^e priied and
praysed. and Jeruore / Jet me him hyalde / Je more large / llSfJ2*iiS°rourt-
and Je more corteys. *^*
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22 OP BOASTING, 800RN, AND AMBITION.
III. False Strife. J)e Jjiidde kuead / fet comjj of ouerweninge : ys fole
a thinff we know opniminge of uals strif. ase mjp / Salomon, pet is to
^ zigge. huo pet rmmp / a uals strif anhand / and wot wel /
))et hit is uals. and hit uol e\>.
IV. Boasting Jje uerje tuyg / of J>e ilke boje / huer-by / ^e proude /
The boaster is the Bseaweb prede / of his herte : is yelpingge. bet is / wel
Cackoo, he can
only sing of him- uoul zcwne / and to god : an to J?e wordle. Jje yelpere is
** [Foi. 6. a.] f® cockou. Jjet ne kan / najt zinge / bote of him-zelue :
Thia sin is seen in ijig ze/me is ybouude ine ban / bet be hier oiene moube /
those who yelpeth ^ *' r I r 7 r I
of their own wit, him yelpb. ober of his wytte. ober of his ke«ne. ober
dmoent, works, or 4,1. ,,,
prowess. of his workes. o))er of lus prouesse. Ac he mm doblej)
He sinneth ine ham / pet fe yelpere / and pe lozeniour / zechejj /
otherf to^exto?*^' ^^^ Tedep j and yeff ham of his / uor ham to praysi.
bi^t"f*hto nobu? ai^d ^or *o ^gg® of ham : ]>et hi / ne dorre najt zigge.
""•• and uor to lye^e of ham : and te grede hare noblesse.
V. Scorn. Tiiisis J>e vifto out-kestiiige / of pe ilke stocke / is scorn.
the wont of the . , r n / 1 •
proud, who soorn Vor ]>et IS pe wouc j oipe proude : ouer-wen[erJe / Jjet mm
thow uiey Me n© is uajt yuoj / to onworjji / ine his herte / pe ojre.
uving aright. ^^^ ^^ habbef ns^t / pe graces / fet he wenj) habbe.
ac make]) / his bisemers / and his scomes. and ]>et
wors is : bisemerejj and scomej) pe guode men. and of
ham / ))et he yzi^J? / wende to guode. jjet is wel grat
By their evil zenne. and wel dreduoL Ac / uor hire euele tongen :
tongues they pro- ^
vent much folk hi iniswendej) / moche uolk / to done weL
from doin:^ welL •, . 1 . / #» 1 •n 1
VI. Opposition pe zixte kestinge out / of the like bo3e : is wy^-
S*'lJlSS?"?v'ei- stondinge. Jjet is / huawne pe man wyjjstant / to alle
chastening, or ad- ^enere : yef me him wifnimj) : he him defendef . yef
me him chaste)) : he is wroj). yef me him wel ret. he
This sin Is a peril- ne lefj) uenne / bote his ojene wyt. Hit is a perilous
since all medicineo ziknosse / bet uc may na^t bolye : bet me him take, and
turn into venom. ' '^ ^ ? s ^ r
to })an / ])et alle medicines : went in to uenim.
J5E iiij. BOJ OF PBEDB.
d?" i^XTf?iU \>^ ^®rj)e boj of prede / is fole wj'biinge. J>et me
Desire (Ambi- clcpej) / ine cleigie : ambicion. J)et is / kuead Avilninge
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THE FOUBTH AND FIFTH BOUGHS OF PRIDE. 23
heze to diua bis zenne / is be dyeules panne / of helle. This sin i* the
huennne / he make]) his siiinges. \)ea bo^ him spret / tiiu bough
ine uele manyeres / arijthalf / and alefbhalf. Vor pe and left.
ilke / pet wylne J) / he^e to cliue : to zome / ha wyle On the one tide it
queme. and Jierof wexe)) / uele zennes : ase ari^thalf. mreiTOutation.'^
)^et is to wytene : lozengene. simulacion. folliche yeue :
uor j)et me ssel hiwi hyealde / corteys / and large. To on the other in
o)>ren / ha wyle harmy. and p&toi comj) j^e zenne / a-
lefthall ase to miszigge / to ham / fet he wyle harmi : and eva wui ?
him uor to anhe^i. and hiwi areref blame / and wylnej) /
fane dyaj) / of fan / fet halt / ]>et he wenf come to /
and beznykynges. and euel red ; cowspiracions. strif. *» ^®<»»*» treach-
and uele obre zewnes / fet wexef / of j)ise queade bo^e. oonepimcy, and
strife.
JjB V. BO3 OF FRBDE.
J)e uifte bo3 of prede / is ydele blisse. pet is / fole / The Fifth Bough
likinge / of fole heryinge. J>a»ne he uelf / ine his heii» J^iJl^wi^)^*""^
wytindeliche / of fet he is / of er wenf by. yhered / of ^ ^^'^''^ ^
zome finge / fet he hef ine him / of er wenf habbe.
and wyle by yhered. f erof / huerof / he ssolde herie robbeth Ood ud
god. And feruore / ydeleblisse / benimf god / and SJtih**ta His ; for
stelf / fet his is. Vor of alle oure guodes : he ssel ^JShave*!^"*
habbe fe worfssipe / and fe heryinge. and we / fe worship andhon-
wynny [^]gge. nw of them.
Ydeleblisse : is f e grete wynd / fet f rauf doiin / idie-Wiss is a
fe greate tours / and fe hejo steples / and fe greate SiPdown great*''
beches / ine wodes / f rauf to gpounde. an f e greate ^7id *^r"*
belles / makef to resye, fet byef / f e heje men / and ^^^ ^ ''^'••
fet byef / mest worf . J)et is f e dyeules peni / huer- it is the devil's
raide he bayf / alle fe uayre pane-worf es / ine the heTi^eTh go<^
markatte / of f ise wordle / fet byef / fe guode workes. ^**''^'*
And uor fet / fer byef / fri manere of guodes /fet
man hef of god and fet f e dyeuel / wyle begge / mid
his pans : beruore / hiw to-delb bis bo^ / ine bri manere / it spreadeth into
f , /, ^ , y , threesraall
smale bojes / huer-of wexef / ech manere zewne / fet no boughs,
clerek / ne kan telle. j)e ilke fri manere guodes/ fet
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24 OF THKEE KINDS OF GOODS.
The goods that we men hej) of god. hjBp / ])e guodes of kende. Je guodes
1. goods of nature, of hap. be guodes of grace. Jje kendeliche guodes /
{.goods of fortune, .
8. goods of grace. Dye)) Jo / pet me clepej) / by kende. oJ)er / aye j)et
iwe*thoM '^ *uS^ ^^^y • ^^®^ / ^y® J'® zaule. Auorye J?et bodi : ase heljje.
ingtothebodyor uayrhede. strengj^e. prouesse. noblesse, guode tonge.
The bodily goods guode rearde. Auorye be zaule : ase clier wyt. wel uor
are health, beauty,
strength, prowess, to undeistonde. and sotil wyt / wel uor to vynde /
tongue, *and good g^iode ondcrstondinge : wel to ofhealde. And }>e mrtues
ThTs^tuai ^^ kende / huerby / som ys kendeliche : more )>anne
^oods are dear oJ)er. ojjer larger / ofer milder / ofer graciouser. ojjer
a good under- atempres. and wel y-ordayned. Of alle J^ise yefjjes.
For an these gifts me ssel pouki god / and semi / uor J7et hi come]; alle of
wrought to thank j^^ Jjj^les J>e proude / hise zelj) to Jje dyeule / uor
JlZ'lSitThthlm >^® ^i«^® pe^y / of yd«i«' ^^«- a^d w^™> o^
Wm* M^^iiS! ^^^ / ^f *^® ^ guodes. huer-of / he ssolde ])onki god.
bliss. And huo f et xnmp wel yeme / ine alle pise guodes of
kende / J>et ich habbe / «8ortliche y-tald : by hit zenne /
be ydole blisse / ine to uele maneres / ])et / ech may
betere y-zy / yne hiw-zeluo / yef he wyle / wel studie :
J)ot opTQ ne conne hiin zigge.
The goods of for- ))e guodes of hap : bye]> hepesses. richesses. delices.
h^ghnei^ riches, ^^^ prosperites. huerof me fongj) / in uele maneres. Vor
delights, prosper- j^yanne >e Iheuedi of hap / hep hire huejel y-went. to
^fortun ^^ ^^ manne / and arered. and yzet to pe hejfe of hare
her wheel to man, hue^el / ase [be] ^ melle to be wynde. and bere heje y-cliue.
then bloweth to''''-^-' x^ r 7 ^
him all the twelve here blaweb / alle be tuelf wyndos : of ydele blisse. Vor
windeofidle-bUss .,, / . , ,
huanne pe like / ))et is zuo heje anse / ine prosperity /
and in his pros- J>engj) in hi 8 horto / uerst / to J?e dignete. efberward / to
wT^ity.^pw his prosperity, effcerjjan / to his richesses. efterward /
USef * feuowLhip, ^ ^ lostes / jjet his body hejj. efterfan / to J)e greate
Su'^JiS^'ti ^e^^de / >et him uol3ef. efterward / to pe uayre
TbunSnatf fair "^^T^^ / ^®* ^^''^ serucj). efterj^au / to his uayre man-
robes; eres. efterward / to his uaire ridinges. eftc[r]ward / to
to the decking of pe ploutc / of uayre robes, efterj^an / to J>e di3tinge / of
his eMsr* *" ^ house / wyj eyse of loste / and oJ>re manere har-
» MS. ydeUh. « Jje is incorrectly erased in MS.
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THE SIXTH BOUQH OP PRIDE. 25
neya / fet zuo moclie is uayr / and noble, efterward /
to ye greate presens / and to j^e greate festes / pet me to great ftasts,
him make)) oueraL efterjian / to his guode los / and to fiune.
his prayzinges / Jet oueral ule ]>. Jjus hiw ioisse)> and ^•'» *»• «> "d^^o-
him glorifie]) fe wreche / ine his herte. zuo fet he not / that he knoweth
huer he ys. Jjise byejj fe yefjjea / Jet comej of ydele
blisse, Jet is to wytene xij. maneres of nondinge of ydele
bhsse. Jet habbej Jo : ine he^ stat. ojer ine Je
wordle. oJer ine religion. oJer clerk. oJer lewed.
J)e guodes of grace, bye J nirtues / and guode workes. The goods of gmc©
And aye Jise guodes / ofte blauj Je stranglaker / ydele ^^^oXmT^
blisse. and ofte uelj Je greatte traues / and Je he3este.
Jet byej / Je meste guode men. And sselt y-wyte /
bet yne mrtues / and ine guode workes : uondeb be these the devii
3 , /I. J 1 Vi. / • \ • t^ I triethinthree
dyeuel / be ydele blisse / me Jn maneres. pe on / zuo wi^s.
is / ine herte / wyjinne / huawne me yherj / of Je ^foi. 7. a.]
guodes / Jet me dej / priueliche. ase of benes. oJer / of ^'^ He make,
priu6 workes. and wenb be man / by betere mid god : ^^^ with God
Jawne he by. J)e o Jer / zuo ys / huanne he he J / ane 2nd. He oanees »
fole blisse ine him / of Jet / he yherJ / oJer y-zi3j / atâ„¢elSinghiS^f
of his guode namecojhede. and Jet he is ypraysed. and ^^^ " * ****
y-hyealde uor guod man. J)e Jridde zuo is / huawne he sm. He makes
wilnej / and zekj / and porchacej los / and name- »eek a good" name
coujhede. and in zuiche onderstondinge / deJ his bSfort^worid*?.
guodes / najt uor god prop^liche : ac uor Je wordle.
J)E ZIXTE BO3 OF FBEDE.
t)e zixte bo^ of prede : is ypocrisye. Jet is a zewne / The sixth Bough
Jet make J to ssewy / Je guod wyj-oute / Jet ne is ciisy!! ^ ^^^
najt / wyj-inne. JpaTine byeJ Jo / ypocntes / Jet Thoee are hypo-
make J ham guode men / and ne bye J na3t. Jet make J to be good men bat
more strengje / to habbe Jane name of guod man : *" "*** *â„¢*^ ^'
bawne be zobnesse : and be holinesse. And bis hire to- The™ aw ti»rw
'^ , ^ , , klndsof hypocrisy
delj / ine Jry. Vor Jer is / an ypocnsye / uouL and foui, foolish, and
anojre / fole. and Je Jridde / sotil. Jjo byeJ / uoule Those are foui
ypocntes / Jet doj / hyre uoulhedes / ine halkes : And th2rfourd«Kta L
corners;
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/
26 THE SEVENTH BOUQH OF PRIDE.
•odrachmenoar sseawe]) ham guode / to-uore fe uolke. Zuiche clepe}> /'
painted and giidad ouTO Ihoid : berielcs ypeynt. and y-gelt. po byejj /
Tiw fooiSi hypo- ^^le ypocnftes / J?et ynoj ham lokejj klenliche / to J>e
toliS'ohMte! M M ^^y^ I ^^^ <i^J> manie penoncea / an guode. pr/nci-
m«-*thur*?h**' palliche : uor |>e los / of }>e wordle. uor jwt / me halt
make aom money ham / CFUode men. bo byeb wel foles. uor / of ffuod
out of good metal. ' ^ T J T / o
The iubUe hypo- metal : hy makeb / ualso moneye. Jjo byeb ypocrites /
crltes aspire to
di|fniiie9.andhide sotyls. fet sotilliche / wyllejj he3e cliue. and etele^ / jje
tion, dingnetes / and J)e baylyes. Hy doj? / al fet guod man
gain^eir poei- ss^l do I zuo ^et no man / ne may his knawe / al-huet
IL^'emLY/ef'Jr^"' f^nne / fet hi byf uol wexe / and he3e ycUue / ine
th-'ir true coiourt. dyngnetes. And J)a«ne / ssewej) hy )>e kueades / Jjet
were / y-hole / and yroted / ine J)e herte. jjet is to
and exhibit their wytcne : prede. auarice. malice, and ofre kueade dedes.
pride, avarice, and , , , ,. , . ,
malice. huer-by me knaujj aperteuche : J)et / ))et trau / ne«
neure guod. and jjet hit wes / al fayntise / and jrpocrisie :
al j)et he hedde beuore y-ssewed. Jjeruore / hit is zoj)
yzed. " Xe sselt Jou neure y-wyte / huet man ys :
alhuet he ys / J)er he wyle by."
])B ZEYENDB BOj OF PREDE.
The Seventh he zeuende bo^ / of prede / ys / fol drede / and fole
Bough of Pride li ' ,^ , / , , , „ /
foul dread and ssame / huane me let / wel to done / uor ])e wordle /
1. e."when one ^^-^ Jnc ne by / yhyealde ypocrite / ne papelard / huer
worw*mOT« than "^® ^^ ^^^ ]^® wordle : J)a/ine god. J?e ilke ssame /
^^^' com}) of kueade kuemynge / J>et me wyle kueme /
Tills Bin u the kq kueade. And beruore / is hy dorter of prede. and
dauifhter of pride, '^ r i J 7 r
and maketh men he zcuende hox I he^liclie. and makeb ofte / lete bet
to forsake God and '^ 7 / ? r I r
please the world, guod to doue : and do Jet kuead / uor to kueme kuead-
liche to Jre wordle.
2fth^B^tS"*^ t>ET OjjER HEAUED / OF J)E BBSTB OP HELLE.
The second head bet obcT heaued / of be kueade beste : is enuie.
ofthe beast is , , i , , i^ • / .
Envy, on adder )7et IS \q eddie / })et al / enueuyme]). Enuie / is
Kn^is**°death's* moder / to fe dya)>e. vor by jje enuie / of J)e dyeule :
SrdI;u^I ^'^vy com dya> / to J>e wordle / J^et is J)e zewne / J)et mest
Sj^oriT* ^^ *"3t / make]) man / ilich J^e dyeule : his uader. Vor
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OP THE SIN OP ENVY. 27
fe dyeuel / ne hate J) / bote ojjres guod. and ne lonef / j^oi. 7. bj
bote obres harm, and zuo deb / be ennious. be en- The envioua man
, , 3 n II dl«Wke« to Me the
mous / ne may ysy / J)et guod of ofren / nawmore / prosperity of other
]yarane j)e oule / oJ?er |>e calouwe mous / J)e bii^tnesse / just m the owi and
of ]je zonne. Jje ilke zewne / him to-delJ> / ine J>ri S^htn^?f*the
bo^es / he3Hche. Vor fe ilke zewne / anuenymej) / TTiisini. divided
aljjeruerst / J)e herte / of ]je enuious. and efberward / into three boughs,
bane moub and efterward / be workes. be herte of be heart, 2. the
^ / ' ^ . '^ mouth, S, the
enuious / ys enuenymed / and suo miswent. J)et he ne works or man.
may / o)ne manne guod / yzy / J)et hit \Am rie uor}>ing]j / cannot beartoi«)k
wy}>inne |>e herte. and dem]> kueadliche. and Jet he S^»*S^pX'esa.
yzi^jj / o])er }>et / he yherj? : nim^ hit to kueade wytte /
and of al / make]) liis harm, zuo moche / fet to J)e
herte / of fe enuious / J)03tes uenimouses / of uals
dom / bet me ne hise may telle. Efterward ba/ine / be When the emioua
' ' •' r I r manhearethof
enuious y-herjj / oj^er yzyj) / ojjremawne kued / huet J>et ai'other's misfor-
hit by / of er kucad of bodye / ase dyaj) / of er ziknesse. poverty, &«.,
of er kuead of auenture [liap]. ase pouerte / of er ad-
uersite. of er kuead gosthch / ase huanne he yherf / f et
zome / fet me hyelde guode men : ys y-blamed / of
zome vice. Of f elliche f inges / him gledef ine his ^e rqjoiceth in his
herte. Efterward / huawne he yzi3f / of er yherf / f e
guod of of ren. by hit / guod of kende / of er guod of
hap / of er guod of gracQ j huerof we habbef / aboue y- *> ™en'" h»pp:-
speke : f anne him comf / a zor3e to fe herte / fet he him to be sorrow-
ne may by ine reste / ne maky glednesse / ne uayr
semblant. Nou bou miti ysy / bet be venimouse herte / Thus the envious
, '^ ,;. , . heartsinnethina
of f e enuiouse / zene^ef generaUiche : ine f n maneres. threefold manner,
ine liaise demynges. ine awai^ede glednesse. ine worse 1. in faiie deem-
zor^es. alsuo he zene3ef by fe moufe. Vor hit be- 2,7n wicked giad-
houef / fet zuich wyn / yeme by fe teppe : ase fer J*^"^ ^^rse sor-
ts / ine be tonna And uor bet / be herte / wes uol of ^'^•
' ' r I r I Hesinnethalsoby
uenym : hit behoueb / bet hit Iheape / out be be moube. the mouth,
n r -1 , n . I ,. for hie heart be-
Jpanne of fe mo[M]f e / of f e enmous / comef out / f n \ng fuii of venom,
manere wordes uenimouses. huerof spekf dauif / ine the the*i^uth,*in the
sautere. fet " fe mouf / of fe enuious : is uol of cor- ''*™ ®' currinK
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28 THE VENOM OP THB ENVIOUS.
Mtu^e9a,and ginge / and of biterhede / an of bezuykynge." Of
corsynge : nor J^e guodes of o])ren / he missayj) / and.
hise lessef / alsemoche / ase he may. Of byterhede :
uor pe kneades / of ofren / he hise morej? / and arerej) /
be his mi3te. Of beznykyinge. vor al pet he yzijj) / ojjer
yherf : he went hit to kueade / and hit demjj / ualslyche.
The enviouB hath Efterward / fe enuions / hef J)ri manures / of nenim
veiwrnlndeed*. i^e dede : ase he hej / ine mou}>e / and ine herte.
nor kende / of pe ennious : is to wipdi&^e / and nor to
destrae / be*his mi3te : alle guod / by hit lite / by hit
The enTioae man lesse / by hit noldo. ponne is he / of pe kende / of pe
itak. no ^nnees baselycoc. uor no grenhede / ne may yleste / beuore
may last before }^jjji^ ^e in gerse / ne in busse / ne in trauwe. Jeanne
Com hae three ^7 p^ godspelle : Jjot com he]) J)ii stas.* uor hit is uerat
i^tt!e^w!t^ ase iwe gerse / efterward : ine yere. efterward / is uol of
nSS ttiTftmrf ^* / *^^ ^ ^P®' -^^^^ J>®r bye J) zome / ])et habbejj
fruit. guod ginninge / wel uor to libbe / and to profiti / and
1. TheenvioTu byej) ase ine gerze. pe ilke / him paynej) / pe enuious /
JSrachUie begin- Tioi te kuenche / yef he may. \)e ojjre byejj / ase ine
^fe^""" yere / >et wel flourej) / ine guode / and profite)). by hit
2*^^trie«to ^ ^^ ' ^t^^ ^ ^® wordlo. and Jio rebelej) / J>e enuyous /
•landerundto ^q^ ^ ssonde / and to dcstrue : be hys miate. be obre
deetroythoee ' J 7 -k r
(lourishing In hjep uol-mad / and ine grat stat / and doJ> moche guod /
[Foi. 8. a.] to god / and to pe wordle. Vor J)et guode los / to
row ild wS^ a^tye : and byre guodes to lo3y / pe enuious agrayfef /
IIJrtSbtTeT'i^ ^« ^ gy^^ ^o^ f« n^ore / fet pe guodes bye],
goodneee. greato : be more zoneb / be enuious. bis zenne / is zuo
This rinta very ^ ^ ^ r I r J' /
perilous, and pmlous : J>et ouneabe / me may / come / to riate uor-
againat the Holy .
Ghost. J^enchinge. V or Jet hi ys cowtranous / to pe holy goste /
He who sinneth j)et is welle / of alle guode. And god zayj) / ine his
Ghost shall nei- spelle / )>et huo |>et zene3e]) / aye ])ane holy gost : he ne
thii^wOT*â„¢nOT in ssel ueure habbe merci / ine Jise wordle / ne ine pe
Sta riSf^Tte ofre. uor he zene3e)) / of his 03ene kueadnesse. and me
repented of. gg^i ine J>et / hollyche onderstonde. Vor J>er ne is /
no zenne zuo grat : J>et god ne uoryef J) / ine J)ise
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BINS AGAINST THE HOLY OHOST. 29
wordle / yef man him uor)>iiig]) / and byt merci / nor Th«rai8 noiinw
pe zenne, pet werrej) / be his ini3te / J>e grace / of Jje 5^ not^forRive
holy gost. ine Jjet he werrej) / ojjiemanne guod gostlich / U^^Jfor"''*"*
ase pe yewee / wenede Jesu crist / nor pe guodes / J)et °""^^-
he ded&
))E ZE^NEN ATE ])E HOLT GOST.
And ]k)u Bselt ywyte / Jjet J)er bye]) zix zennes / J>et ^"^^ ■*°"
bye)) specialliche / ayens pe holy gost J>et is to wy- Ohort.
tene / ouerweninge. ))et makej) to moche sprede / pe merci i- Overweening,
of our Ihorde / and litel prayze)) / his ri3tuolnes8e. and
))eruore / zene^ej? moche nolk / ine hope. J)e ojjer is / h- wanhope (d©.
wanhope. Jjet benime)) god / his merci / as ouerweninge :
his rij[t]uolnesse. J?e ))ridde is / wy[j)]8to7Miinge. fet is / nr Opposition
hardncsse of herte. huanne man / is y-hert / ine his heart),
kueadnesse / ])et me ne may / him wende / and na^t ne
wyle / hym amendL t>e uerje is / onworj^hede / of iv- Deepiteof
penonce. j)et is huanne man / oid&yaep ine his herte / tence).
bet he / him ne ssel nast uorbenche / his zenne. be t. striving
vifte IS / to wem pe grace / of pe holy gost : me opTen, ohost in other*.
pe zixte is / to werri zojjnesse / be his wytinde / and vi. wuring
specialliche / be zobnesse / of be cristine beleaue. Alle eRpedaiij ag^inrt
V /x. u 1. A r u 1. 1 A *>*• Chrirtian be-
J)ise zennes / byejj aye pe guodnesse : of pe holy gost. iiet
and hjep / zuo greate / Jet onneajje / comef to ri3te uoiv againrt^tbe h^
J^enchinge. and ))eruore / byej) hy / onneajw uoryeue. ^S^T^tt'to te
repented of.
]?B pBIDDE HEAUED OP ])E KUEADE BESTE.
be bridde heaued / of be beste / is hate. Ac bou The third head of
. . theevil heart iB
Bselt ywyte / ))et J^er is an hate / ]H3t is uirtue. j)et pe hate,
guode man he]) / aye ^t kuead. An o]>re / )>et is zenne isvirtaoaa, but
wel grat. ]>et is felhede / of herte. huerof come)) / uele nee^r heaxTii a
bo3es. and he3liche : uour. by pe uour werreres / ])et JSwHeterhM
pe feloun he)), pe uerste is / to hi77^-zelue. uor huawne 5^J^^'JJ|J^^'
man / him ber)> hate / to Je torment / and pe zaule / ^^^JU,^^
and ))et body / zuo ]>et man / ne may slepe ne none menthekiiiahim-
reste habbe. 0])erhuyl / him be-nimj) fane mete / and
fane drinke. and make]) hi7W ualle / ine aue feure /
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30 THE THIRD HEAD OP THE BEAST.
ofer ine zuiche zor^e : jjet he nimj) / fane dyajj. pet is
a ver / pet waste J) / alle J?e guodes / of fe house, pe
The 2nd i» with obre weixe / bet be feloun heb : bet is to code. Vor
•oine BicknoBs or wre])e / and felounye / op-beref / and mmj> zuo / oJ>er-
of Wendai Ac. huyl / fe herte of pe felle / uor zome aduersit^ timlich /
ojjor uor ziknesse / o]>er uor dya)) / of urendes. o])e[r] uor
zome misual / J>et his wyl / ne is na3t y-do : pet ha
grochejj / aye our Ihord, and euele fonkejj god / and
his haljen / and zuerej) / and blasfemej? / aye god / and
The srdiB with his haljeu. Jje fridde werre / J)et pe wrej>uolle he]j. is
tho«ewhoare -i i . . , , . i ^
under him — hia to J)an / ])et Dyef onder him. fet is / to his wyue / and
hold. to his mayn6. ;^Vor J>e man / is oferhuyl zuo out / of
He bSteth hil his wytte : Jet ha beat / and smit / and wyf / and chil-
Tild ta^keth ^ dren / and mayn^. and brekf potes / and coppes / ase
J^re*?^ofhiI^* ha were / out of his wytte. and zuo he is. }Je uerj^e /
^^- is werre / wyb-oute / to his nejy bores / and to his
Theithiawar / Jr / JJ I
with hia neigh- nixto / J)et bye}) alle / aboute him. And of Jise bo3e /
ofthiabongh wexeb zeue smale boies. Vor huanne wrebe arist / be-
apringeth 7 email ^ ^ . ,.,. i ,
twigs: tuene tuay men : Jjer is uerst chidinge / and Jawne
2. Wrath. 8. Dia- wpcfe / Jet blefj ino herte. effterward / wreje. efter-
rstiifo. 5. Desire Ward / comj ofte strif. efter wylninge of wreche. efter-
ftf MM^^hter. ^^^ I ojerhuil mansla^te. and efterward / ojjerhuil
7. Deadly war. -^i^erre dyadlich / be-tuene pe urendes / huerof comj /
ofte / to moche kuead / and perils / Jet ne mo^e / na3t
War producea by amended. Vor huanne ber is werre / betuene tuaye
many horrora, aa
the death of many men : hit yualj ofte / Jet Jer bye J moche uolke dyade /
deatructionof Jet ne habbej nenne gelt, cherchen tobroke. tounes
churchea, the
burning of towna. uorbemd. abbeyes. priories, hemes destrud / and
the ruin of bama,
the diainheritanoe men / and w}'fmen / and children deserited / and
and exile of men, '
women, and y-exiled. and londes destrud. and to moche / of obre
children, landa ' '
destroyed, &c harmos / Jet byej y-do / be Je encheyson / of Jan / Jet
hi byeJ yhealde / uor te amendi / Jet / Jis purchacej.
and Je lliord / and alle Jo / Jet byeJ to ham helpinde.
an ine zuyche nyede. and Jeruore hy byeJ / ine greate
balance / of hyre hel Je / of zaide. uor hi ne mo3e
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THE FOURTH HEAD OP THE BEAST. 31
amendi / ne yelde : J>e harmes / Jjet hi liabbej> ydo. and
hit behoue}) yelde : oJ>er hongy.
\>E VVRJpE HEAUED OF pE KUEADE BESTE OF HELLE.
bet uerbe heaued / of be wyckede beste / ia onliist- twb fourth head
, , . of the wicked
hede. J>et is onlosthede / and tyene to do weL Jjis zenne / beast of heii is
disinclination to
his a to kuead rote / j^et kest / uele kueade bo3es. \)\b do good, and a
onlosthede / pet is sleufe / make}) pet man hef / kueade evu"*"**
aginnynge / and more kueade / amendinge / and to â„¢I^"^* that
"wors endiagg;^ Kueade anginnynge / hep pe sleuuolle : ^^^™**^ •^''*
be zix z&nnea. be uerste is bonneliche. huanne be man sioth makes men
' ^ ' have bad begin>
loueb lite / and Iheucliche oure Ihord / bet he ssolde nhig, bad amend-
,,..„,- ing, and worae
louye / bemindeliche. and J>erof comf / J)et he is / fyeble ending.
, ,, . -, 11.1 « , • 1- Theelothftd
and Iheuc / to alle guodes / to done. J)e oper is loveth our Lord
ar^nesse / jjet is tyene / of herte / ))et is Jet bed / to pe ^J^^^
dyeule / huerine / he him restef / and zayj) to pe mawne / ^JJ^ jj ^^^ ^
and to be wvfinawne. • bu best y-by / to zofte y-dra^e do penance, and
^ . "^ / ,.,... f*»eth into the
uorj). jjou art to fiebble / of cowpleccioun. Jjou ne mijt lasts of the iiosh.
[ped^-eules red:
na^t do / J)e greate penonces. J)Ou art to tendre. pou to>eoniosti.]
ssoldest by anhaste dyad.* and jjemore fe wrechche /
him let ualle to done be lostes / of his ulesse. \>e Jjridde s. The idle mania
. - 1 T J / tempted by the
IS ydelnesse. fet is a zewne / J?et dej> moche kuead / ase devil flr»ttothink
zayf / pe wrytiwge. Vor huawne pe dyeuel / uynt fane w^^todMi^
man ydel : he bine de]) / to worke. and def hi?/* uerst / riJ^when^lnd
))enche kuead and efterward / to wylni uileynies / u^/^"*** ''"
ribaudyes / lecheries / and his time lyese / and manye
guodes / Jet he mi3te do. huerof / he mi3te wynne
paradis. J?e uerje is / heuinesse. huanne pe man / is 4. The heavy man
zuo heui / Jat ne louej / bote to ligge / and resti / and and eiepe.
slepe. oferhuil hy byej / yno^ awaked / to nyedes / lose four masses
j)et hi hedden leuere / lyese vour messen : Janne ane .j^ * "'*** " *
zuot / ober ane slep. be vifte is / w^xkednesse. bet is 5.The\dc'fedsiug-
/,. . / ; \ ,. ^ gord will not try
huaTine Je man / \ip ine zenne / and yrel J pe uondinges / to amend us evu
of pe dyeule / and of his ulesse / Jet hiwi asaylej / and ^'^"'
be ri^te kueadnesse : nele aroro Jet houed to gode / be
zoT^e / ne grede / harou Ix) ssrifte. ne aroro Jo hondon.
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Ine J>ise zewne / byej) fo / J)et hebbej) drede / of na3t /
))et ne dorre / na^t agiiine / wel to done, uor hi habbej?
32 OF SLOTH AND PORGETFULNISSS.
[PoL ». a.] be satisfacioun. [dedbote]. ))e ilke anliknef / fane
He u uke the! 8srewe / bet beb leuere rotye / in a prison / uoul / and
•hrew, who would . ,. V , ,, / n I ,.
nther rot in stiniunde : ])a7ine to nabbe / J)e pyne of stapes / to cliue
tiie troubieto uor bifl outguoinge. J)e zixte / is litel wyl [ar^nesse].
dimb out by
steps.
6. The man of
little will dresd-
SS.d!fOT?»r*uit ^^^® J'®^ ^^^ I ^^^ ^^® ^^y^^ I 1^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^® / ^^ f®
ood will flui meteres. Jiet habbeb drede / of hare meti/ages. \>o
him.
This is the dread anllkne]? ban / }>et ne dar na3t guo / ine )ie pe}>e uor j^ane
of the dreamers,
that aro terrified snegge / J>et sseawejj him his homes. And to ))e childe/
He isuketh^** fet ne dar na3t guo his way / uor J)e guos Jjet blau]).
^'^^ffo^^r of J^isQ ^ye> >e zix vices / fet benymef J>e mawne / /
\^^ ^taiid'of S^^^ giwnynge. Vor ojre zix vices / ne may ])e sleawoUe
a goose that blow- habbe guod aginuynge / oJ)er amendement. Jjet byej)
There are six vices techches / of kuead seriout / bet makeb / bet non guod
that prevent good iv j / • x i.- • /i,
beginning and man / uc ssel his onderuouge / in to his seruice/ huanne
heissleuuoL [ontrewe.]onssriuel.* uoryetinde. slak. and
Untruth. The fallinde. be uerste vice is / ontreube. Vor huanne
sinner believes the ' ' ^
devil rather than god / zet ine Jje herte of man / guod wyl / wel to done :
[pe dyeuies red :, |>anne comj) J)e dyeuel / and him zay)) / * Jjou hit sselt
wel / recouri / j)ou art yong / and Strang / )>ou sselt
libbe long.* and zuo he hi7M / onwonej) J>e dyeuel wel
Sloth. This is a uoT to douc. Efterward / comb sleube. uor he / bet
vice that all are , i / , , ,. ,
beamuttedwith. wel dejj / and dej) hit auerst : hit nis no wonder / ])a3
he hit do / sleuuolliche. Jjet is a nice huerof al J>e
Few folk are as wordle is bcsmot. huo bet niinb wel hede. Vor lite
diligent as they ,, _ . i i.t # •
arohoidentoba. uolk Jjer bye]) / Jjet by dmgent / me fet hi bye]) /
yhyealde to done / auorye god / and hire nixte.
Th^i**^? *u* Efter sleau])e / is uoryetinge. Yor huo ])et ys
loth to shrive, and sleauuol : oftc uoryet. Vor fise tuo zermes / of uoryet-
his sins. ynge : hit yjial]) ofte / f et he ne can him ssriue. Vor
huawne ]>e man / is sleuuol / him to ssriue : he uoryet
True shrift is ne- his lackes / and his zewnes / ]jet is grat peril Vor non
^^ry ve- ^^ ^^^ habbe / uoryeuenesse : wy]>-oute / zo]>e ssrifte.
])et berf / uor])enchinge / of herte. beknaulechinge / of
* onssriuen?
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THE PERIL OF SLACKNESS. 33
mou^ / bo^samnesse / ine dede / ^t is amendinge : and <uid prodooes n-
dedbote. ]>er ne ys non zuo guod man / pet yef he tum, oUdienrtt.
yze^e wel / his ojene lackes / ^t he ne ssolde uynde / Mtbftctton.
yno3 uor to zigge eche daye / ine his asnfpe, Ac sleu]>e.
and aoiyetinge : blende]> pe zene^eies. ^t hi ne zye]>
najt ine fe hoc / of hire inwytte.
pE PERIL OF 8LA0N1B8SE. Th« peril of Bteck.
IWM.
Efterward / comb slacnesse / bet comb / of be de- sucknMs eometii
faute / of herte / and of kueade wone. ]>et bint zuo â– geandofevii
}>ane man / Jet onnea]>e / he hiwi yeff / to done weL
oberhuil hit comb / of onconnyndehede : and of fole 8<mwtta»« it
' ' ' "^ eoniMofignoranoe
hete. huerby fe man / op let zuo his herte / and his md of foai \mt.
body / be uestinges. and be wakinges. and by of re
dedes. zuo ^t he uelp ine fyeblesse / and ine zuiche
ziknesse : ^t he ne may na^t trauayly / ine godes
seruice. and to-ual]) / ine ]>a slacnesse / ^t he ne he]>
smak / ne deuocion / wel to done. Efterward / comb Aiierwardt eom.
werihede / pet make]> Jane man / weri / and worsi / th*t nuAeth nun
uram daye / to daye / al-huet he is / al recreyd / and
defayled. And Jis is / Je zixte vice / of Je kueade
sergonte. Jet he faylej / er Jan he come / to Je ende /
o Jer to his tenne. And me kan zigge : huo Jet seruej /
and na3t uol-serue J : his ssepe / he lyest.
bE 6 POYN8 OF SLEUbE : bET BRBNOEb MAN TO HIS The six points of
"^ doth that bring a
ENDES. wiMi to death.
And yet eft / Jer byej / zix poyns / kueade. huerby
sleuje / brengej man / to his ende. pe uerste is / J;^^JJ1^
onlxMsamnesse. huanne Je man / nele do / Jet me him anoe to do pen-
zayj / ine penonce. ojer me him hat zomjing / Jet
him JingJ hard, he him excuscj: Jet he hit ne may [poi,9.b.]
do. oJer yef he hit onderuangj : he hit dej / oJer litel /
oJer ns^t, })e oJer poynt / is inpacience. uor ase he ne i impatience of
may / no Jing here / be bo^samnesse. he ne may Jolye/ rection.
be paciense. zuo Jet non / ne dar to him speke / of his
3
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34 THE FIFTH HEAD OF THE BEAST.
s. Grudging or guode. J3e }>ridde / is grochynge. Vor huanne me
Against good ad- spekb to hiw / uoT his ffuode : he him wrebeb / and
vlMn; this causes ^ ' ' ° j
4. Sorrow and groche]). and him ]>ing]) : ]>et me him onwor]>e]>. and
weariness of life, •• # . / • / • • a
which leads to the Jjerof he ualj) / in-to zor^e / ))et is / pe uerpe vice. An zuo
moche / him ouergejj / )» ilke zorje / Jjet b1 / pet me
him zayjj / al Jet me him dej) / al }>et he yherj) / al J)et
he zi^Jj : al hit liim tienejj. and zuo he ualj) / in-to
zor3e / and into tyene to libbe / zuo Jet him-zelf / him
6. Desire of death, liastej) / and wybiejj / his dyajj. and Jis is Je vifte vice.
6. Despair Is the Eftei alle Jise zoi^uolle poyns of sleuje / hi^n yefj J>e
stroke; dyeuel / Jane strok dyadlych / and dej him / into
it causes a man to wanhope. beruote he porchaceb / his dyaj / and him-
commlt suicide. iii a./iiiji
zelue / slajj. ase despayred. and him yefp / alle kuead-
nesses / to done / and him ne dret na3t / to do zenne /
huet Jet hit by. To zuich ende / let sleau Je ^ Jane man.
Jjise byej. xviij. poyns. Jet Je dyeuel / JrauJ / ope Jane
sleuuolle. hit ne is no wonder / Jaj he lyese Jet geme.
The fifth h«id of ^^ ^^^® HEAUED OF J>B BBSTE.
theheastisthe w vifto heaucd / of be besto / beuore y-zed. is the
sin of avarice and *^ I r I J
covetousness, the ze^ne / of auarice / and of couaytyse / Jet is rote / of
root of all evil. nii it. /
This is the gn»t alle kueade. ase zayj zaynte paul. pet is Je maystresse /
and teacher of all. Jet he J / ZUO greate scole / Jet alle guoj Jrin / uor' to
the»ehS*of*" lyeniL ase zayJ / Je wrytinge. Vor alle manere of
smS^ki^*^ ^^^^ / studiej ine auarice/ and greate / and smale. kinges.
anTreuSOTs.^*^** prelates, clerkes. an lewede. and religious. Auarice /
Avarice is disor- Is disordene loue. zuo disordene / him ssewej / in Jri
showetr ttsSf in maueies generalliche. ine wynnynge : boldeliche. ine of-
I. wi^nlj. healdinge: streytliche. ine spendinge : scarsliche. Jjise
8. 8to!^ta^!** ^y^J' ^ J'^ ^^3®® pnncipales : Jet of Jise rote wexej.
Of the root of Ac speciallichc / and propreliche / of Je rote of
many small roots auarico / guo J out / mauye smale roten. Jet byeJ / wel
deadiT»Sir greate / dyadliche zennes. J3e uerste is gauelinge, Jje
i.B^bS;/.'^*'"' ofer / Jjyefpe. J)e Jridde / roberye. J)e uerje / chal-
6. sJirii^"** ®^^- J'® ^^ I sacnlege. J3e zixte / symonye. J)e
6. Simony. zouendo / kuedhedos. Jje e3tende is / ine chapfare. J?e
* MS. Bscaaje
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THB FIRST BOUGH OP AVARICE. 35
ne^ende is / wycked creft, J>e tende is / ine kuade 7. widwdaeM.
uolka And ech of pise smale loten / him to-del)) / «. wicked onit
ine uele manyeres. io.wiekedg«n«.
panne pe uerste rote/ }>et is gauelinge. him to- i- umwyhM?
del}> / ine zeuen / ontkestinges. Vor bar bye}> / zeue *«• m 7 ktndi
of nrorarSa
manere gaueleres : lenynde. ^t lene]> zeluer. uor o]>reiL
And aboue be catel : nimeb be heabes. ober ine pans. 8om« imd»n
^ . , . ^'^ • . (mortgi«e«) lend
oper ine hors. o)>er ine com. ober ine wyn. u])er me eiiver in return for
» t» . cattle, com, and
frut of J>e grounde / J)et hi niine]> / ine wedde dyade. froiteof the
wyjK)ute lekenynge / J>et frut ine paynge. And pet *'^*â„¢*
wore ys : hi wyllej lekeny tuyes. ofer ^rios fet yer. uor
to do arise pet gaueL and wylle]> / yet habbe jefpea
aboue / nor eche terme. .and makeb / ofle / of be gauel : ""^^ ^^J *«• .
' • T I I r ^ crease the rate of
pnncipale dette. J^ise hjep gaueleres kueade / and interest.
uoule. Ac ^r is ano]wr lenere corteys. ]>et lene]> / Thecouteous
wyjH)ute chapfare makiinde. ahieway in hejinge. ^thoutduffcr.
oj)er ine pans, ojwr ine hors. ojer ine coupes of
gold. oJ)er of zeluer. ofer robes. oJ)er tonnen mid
wyn / o]>er ine uette zuyiL sendees ulessliche. of hors. [Foi. 10. a.]
of carten. o]^r prouendres to ham / o]wr to hare child- V
reiL ojwr ine o}>re j^inges. and oueral to gauel / huanne — ^ •
me hit mmp / by pe skele j oipe lone. ]?is is Jto uerste
manere / of gauelynge / ])et is ine leninge kueadliche.
)>e o]>re manere / of gauelynge / is ine )>an / ^t ne s. The second
lene]> ni^t / to hare persone. ac J>et hire uaderes / and pe i^" wUhhdSIJg
uaderes of hare wyues / ofer hare eldringes / habbejj ®'p»*"'**'»^-
yporchaced / be gauelinge. hit of hyealde)) and nolle]>
hit na^t yelde. \>e ]>ridde manere of gavelinge. is ine s. The third
ham / ^t habbe]) onwor]) / to lene of hire hand : ac hi nutter money-
doj) lene / hare sergons. ojier ojrre men / of hire pans, ^^"iinthe
Jrise byej) pe mayster gaueleres. Of pe ilke zenne ne f^^^°^
byej> na^t pe heje men quit / ^et hyealde]> and 808tene}> ^« ^^^^
iewes and pe caorsins. ^t lenej) / and destrui]> / pe con-
traye / and hy nyme]> pe medes / and J>e greate ye£)>es /
and o))erhuil / pe ronsounes / j>et byej) of pe guodes /
• . t* t / • • 1- / L X 4. The fourth kind
of pe poure. pe uerpe manyere / is ine ham / }>et u in thoee that
3 •
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36 CHAFFER AND CHAFFERER8.
tend other men's leneb / of obiemaime zelure / ober boraeb / to litel cost :
■ilver obUlned «t ' ' ' ' '^ , .
fmau cost, bo m uor to lene / to gratter cost, piae bye)) / litle gauel-
interaet. cres / fct lyemejj / zuych uoul creft. J>e vifte manere
QBurer that tesch- is / ine chespfare / haanne me zelp / pet ping, haet pet
ct»ft. ** hit by : more peame hit by -worp / uor }»ne time, an
a twi^tor mOTB ^^ ^^â„¢ is / Jje time-zetterc ontrewa huanne he jn^p
ttTttaie '^"^**'* fet uolk / mest nyediioL Jjanne wyle he zelle / pe
derrer tuyes / oJ)er fries zuo moche / Jane J>et j>ing / by
1. The eheiftnra "woTp. Zuych uolk / do]) to mochc kuead. Tor hire
high^mrau)*"" time-zettinge / hi destniejj / and make)) beggeies / pe
^^"^^' kny^tes : and pe hejemen / Jet nol^ej pe tomemens.
«. Thej lend and Jet hy betake J / hyre londes / and hare eritage / ine
which thej know wed. and dead wed / Jet ni^t him ne aquyttej. pe
deemed. ojre zene e J / to begge Je Jinges / ase com. ojer wyn.
8, They bay things ober ojerjing / lesse be be haluedele / banne hit his
athAlfthetrTaluo r r r & / Y I r
and sell them worb. uor be pans / bet he payb beuore. and banne /
twiceorthrioethe , . "^ „ ; f *^ ' T ^ - .
dearer. hit zellej / ham ayen / tuyes zuo moche / oJer Jnes : Je
derrer. pe oJre beggej Je Jinges / huanne hi byej lest
4. They buy com ^yQpj, ^ OTeate cheape / ine herueste / bet com. ine uen-
chsap. and sell It '^ ^ ^ ' ' '^
when it is scarra; dongingc : Jet wyn. oJre cheapfares uor to zelle ayen /
the dear thne so al-huet hi byeJ / mest diere. and wilnej / Jane dyere
dearer. time / uoT to zelle Je derrer. pe oJre / Jet com agerse.
and vines to r™ f® vines in flouringe / huanne Jet hi byeJ / of uaire
dSra***"*^ ~"' Bsewynge. be zuiche uorwerde : Jet hi habbe / huet cas
«. They use ft*ud yualle : hire catcl sauf . be zixte manere / is of ban /
in their merdian- "^ ^ i T i
dise. Jet takej hire pans to marchons / be zuo Jet hi by
uela3e / to Je -wynnynge. and na^t to Je lere. oJer Jet
hi betakej / hire bestes / to Je haluedele / be zuo Jet hi
by / of fer pris. Jet is to zigge / Jet yef hi steraej /
ine meno-time : do oJre ine hare stede / ase moche
7. They tdce ad- worb. be zeuende manure / is ine ban / bet dob / hare
vantage of the ne- ^ , / . , / , , .
oessities of their pouTc ne3}eboures / me hare nyedes. and uor Jet hi
^*^' ^ "* habbej / ham y-lend / a lyte zeluer. oJer com. oJer ydo
zome cortaysye. And huanne hy hise yzej poure / and
nyeduol : Jawno makej hy / mid ham / marcat / to do
hire niedes. and Je pans / Jet hi token beuore / to Je
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THE SECOND BOUQH OF AVARICE. 37
poure manne. ober hiw lende / a lite corn. / hi habbeb •"<* *••*« t»»«*-
' ' ' ' penny worth ot
pn ])aiiewor]yes of worke : uor ane peny. woa ftnr a penny.
))B Oj^ER BO3 OF 0OUATTI8B.
[Fol. 10 b.]
J>e oJ>er boj of auarice : ys byef be. bet Lb nyme / ober Thewoond bough
of oovetonmew is
of nealde / obre ina;ine binges / wy b wrong / and onwy- theft. th*t is, to
. take and withhold
tinde / and wy^-oute wylle / of Je Ihorde. And ^et me other men's goods
may do / ine uour manures be J>e manire of }>yeues. Vor F.JSkin<b*of
}>er ye : a }>yef open, and a Jyef ywr^e. a ^ief prme. i.^Jl'i. covert,
and a >yef uelaje. »• ^^- ** ^'^
J)e }>yef commun / and open / byej> Jk) / }>et be *• The open thief
zuiche crefte /^libbe]). of huam me de}> dom / huanne when caught,
me hise nymp. Of zuichen Jwr byejj / uele mancres.
ine londe / and ine ze. pe Jjyef y-wre3e / is pet stelejj *• Thesiy twef
ine balkes / and ywry3eliche greate Jjinges / ober great or smau
things, by strifep
little / be hire vi3tinge. oJ>er be traysoun. o]>er be treason, or crait.
qneayntise.
J>e pnu6 }>yeue8 bye]) po / fet ne stele]> na3t / of »• The privy thief
oncoufe. ac of priues. And of zuichen : per bye J / of
greate / and of smale. ))e greate / byej) of fe kueade / and The great ones are
pe ontrewe reuen. prouos. and bedeles. and seruons. vosts, headier and
^t stele]> / pe amendes. and wypdi&^ep pe rentes / of that steainnes and
hire Ihordes. and rekenejj more / ine dedes. and ine SfSJl^rfl.'**'**
Bpendinge. an lesse / ine onderuonginge. and ine
rentes. Zuyche byeb / be greate officials / bet byeb / They make the
, ^ : / , ' '^ '' '^ ' expenditure great
ine pe house / of nche men. ])et makej> J^e greate spend- and the income
inges. and yeue]) largeliche / pe guodes of hare Ihordes/ and are liberal
wyJ)-oute hare wytende / and wy]K)ute hare wylle. ^ tar's goods.
To Jjise zenne belonge J / pe zewnes of pe wyue. }>et To this dn belong
dej> zuo moche / be hare zenne / pet pe children / Jet hi who wrongethher
wot wel / Jet hi hej) / be spousbreche[: berj> away pe breach,
kende. Zuych is pe zenne j oipe wyue Jet Je guodes / ^*,''?® *^to
of hire Ihorde stelj. uor to yeue / hare kenne. ojer uor give to her un.
to done / into kuead us. And of ham / of religion /
J>et byej ojeneres. uor hi behotej to libbe / wy[j]-oute
ojninge.
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38 THE THIRD BOUGH OF AVARICE.
The uuto thiflT«a Jje ojjre byejj / J>e little J>yeue8. ))et stelej) / ine J)e
wine, thflir naigh- house : bread, wyn. an ojjre J>inge8 / huyche Jwt hi
hJ^'^nSrden ^J- ojjer of hire ne^ebores. hire capons, hennen, fhit
*^ of hire gardins. o))er o}>re Jinges / huet )>et hit by.
suchmttioM Zuyche byej> Jk) / jwt ofhyealde}> / fe Jringes / Jwt hi
tb^^b!^^ vinde}>. and wyte}> wel / hues J)et hi bye]), and nolle Jj hise
SSl^rdSli l"t stelst. And J»5 hi ne wyte / hua« J>et hi byef: hi
not (he owner, we j^g gg^He / jj^^ ijeruore / hit ofhealde. ac hi ssollen do
moet take the id- ' ^ ^ ' i_ • 'i*
TiceofHoiy be }>e rede / of holy cherche / ojjer be hire ssnite-
Chnrch.
uaderes.
4. The twef j)e fyevLQ8 be ueli^rede / byep Jk) / )>et partep / of )»
uketbofthe theft Jjyef Jje / oper uor uelajrede / oper by yef pe / oper be
pim!faaae;hecmi- begginge. opoT ine opre manyere. Efterward / po pet
c^,uiddefendeth consentep / Oper redep / oper hotip / hit do. And po
pet defendep pe pyeues / oper sostenep his / in hare
queade / oper his onderuongep / in to hare house / oper
in to his londe / mid hare pyef pe. Efterward / pe
The corrupt judge kueade domesmen / pet hise soffrep. oper be yefpes.
»^!"*'***^ oper be biddynges. oper be opre kueade skele. and
nollep. oper ne dorre / rijt do.
])B ])RIDDE BO3 OF AUARICB.
in. The third ^^ pridde bo^ of auaiice: is roberye. pet hep
tarfbbeS ttt* ** ^®^® smale roten. pe uerste is / ine kueade exequitouis /
hath many imeii of bekuydes. j)e Oper IS / ine kueade lordes / by he
1. Evil ezeentofB knyjt / Oper oper / pet bo-ulajep / pe poure men : pet
hi ssolden lokL be tayles. be tomees. be lones. be
t. Unfldthftii "kueade wones. be amendes. be preapnynges. oper be
guerdianship.
1 ^^^ wones / pet hy zechep. oper bepenchep / hou hi
mo^e habbe / of hiren. Ine pise zenne byep / pe greate
Uniawftu poeae*. pWuces. Oper barouns. pet be hare strengpe / nimep pe
cMtiea^Unda, and cites, pe casteles. pe loudes. pe baronyes. and pe opre
riche men / pet hare poure ne3eboure8 / benimep mid
strengpe / londes / vines / oper opre pinges. and nimep
ary^thalf / and alefthalf / pet no ping / ne may ham
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THE FOURTH BOUGH OP ATARICE. 39
ascapie. pe' bridde is / ine robberes / and kueade her- »• wicked bar-
_ . J boaringofrob-
ber^eres / J»et berobbe}> / J>e pilgiimes / an j^e marchons / beix
and ojire wayuerindemen. J>e uerjw / is ine bam / pet a. Unpaid debta.
nolle]) paye / pet hi ssolle. and j^et hi of hea[r]dej) / mid
wrong / pe ssepes / of hare sergons. oJ)er of ham / pet
do]» hare niedes. Jje vifte is /ine piae greate p/"ela[te]s/ J>et ^ Robbery of
benimej) / and robbej / hire o/^derlinges / be to moche prelates
procuringe. ojer be zome onn^tuoUe niminges Jjet hi do])
nil to uele manures, po hjep pe wolues : ))et urete]) J^e who, Uke woive*,
...... , .111 devour the sheep.
ssep. pe zixte is / me zuyche reuen. prouost. bedeles. e. oppmeion of
ojjre mesteres men / huiche J)et by bye)). |)et makej) pe ^nxo^ LIT^***
greate robbynges / and ^e wronges / ope pe poure. and ^"•*"^-
^gg^f / f® greate entages. J>er hjep zuo nele o]>re
manures / of roberies : fet long Jing / hit were to zigge,
ac zome hjep y-contined / ope })an / Jet bye]» yzed.
pE UBRJ)B BO3 OF AUABICB.
j>e uerjw bo3 of auarice / is acsynge. Jet is to yeme ^- ^he fourth
opo* opre / mid- wrong, to jjise zewne belongep / al Jjet ^ <w» oUiim.
barat. alle ualshedes. and alle gyles : Jet come J / ine name Avarice
plait. Ine Jis clergie / hej dame auarice / uele scolera. 8choi«»inthi8
and of clerkes : and of leawede. and specialliche / zeue 7**Slid«^f folk*
manyeres of uolke. bet alle / bus studieb. be uerste *^^ ^^ '^^•
byej / Je ualse playneres / Jet make J / Je ualse bezech- that eeek corrupt
inges. and zechej / Je ualse demeres. and lang time, and j^tice, ^
Je ualse wytnesses. Je ualse playteres. Je ualse lettres ^^^ *""
uor to greui Jren. and trauaylej Jet uolk / myd wrong,
ojer be cnstene cort. ojer be leawede cort. J>e ojre «^The pretended
byej / Je ualse yulemde / Jet vlyej. and najt Jet /
Jet ri3t is. and zechej wyjsetti[n]gge8 and respit. uor
to bynime ojren / hare ojen. Jje Jridde bye J/ Je ualse s-Faiae witnesses,
wytnesses. Jise makej / Je ualse manages. Jise
benimej / Je heritages. Jos doj / zuo moche kuead /
and hannes / Jet non / ne may his amendi. and al Jis
hi do J / be hare greate couaytise. \>e uerje byeJ / Je JJJjJ^^^
ualse plaiteres / Jet onderuongej / an sostinet / Je
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40 THK FIFTH BOUGH OF AVARIGB.
ualse causes / be hare wytinde / and hise beclepief uor
ssepe / and uor yefpea, ]>et hi nyme)) ari^thalf / and
alefthalf. and ofbe lyese / pQ guode playntes / be bare
kueadnesse / oJ)er uor onconynghede / ojerbe sloawpe/
I [*»*>?!] miswende)) Je rijtes / and do3' alle pe wronges / uor
nustenoriraiia, hare couaytise / ase fo Jwt bye J maystres of gyle / and
of contak / and of be-uelynge. ])e vifbe. bye]» / pe
5. Faiaenotarica. ualse uotaryes / pet make]) ]>e ualse lettres. and ualaep
pe celes. make]) pe kueade libelles. and to uele o])re /
6. Fakejudees, ualshedes. be obre byeb / be ualse demeres. bet
whoareinflaanoed f r J r I r r
by u>v0orbyhAt^ ham zelue honge]) / more of one half / )>anne of anojjre/
be yeffes / ojer be behotinges / ofer be byddinges /
[Foi u. b] ^^^ ^^' ^^^^' ^^^ ^^^ wreje / oJ)er uor drede. and
onbyndej) pe playntes / mid wrong. And do]> maki pe
greate cpstes / and nime]» / pe greate yeff es / o J>erhuyl /
whoMU their of ^ on : oferhuil / of ]» o])ren / operhvLyl /of on /
and wrangftiuy ' and of obre. and zelleb / hare domes, ober ham / leteb
yworjje. And do]) / to ]»e poure men / greate harmes /
7. Paiae ooan- Jet hi ne mo3e amendL J)e o]?re hjep / pe kueade
bezide-zitteres / ])et jenep pe kueade redes / to ]^ do-
meres / and make)> lyese pe playntes : uor pe seruices /
All the afoNMdd ]»et hy habbe)). Alle pe persones / beuore yzed / bye)>
to1«tore what y-hyealdo to yelde / Jwt hi habbe]» y-het kueadliche / of
SSr^tfS»Sr*^ o]»ren. and hare harmes / J>et J>e ofre habbe]> y-het /
be ham.
pE VIFTB BO3 OF AUARICE.
rf ^**ta*!S** ^ ^^^ ^^3 ^^ auarice / is sacnlege. Sacnlege is :
lege, that ta, to huanue me brecj). o^er blechej. opei dien^p uoidliche/
break or steal the
things of Holy )» holy Jjinges. ojer fe men / of holy cherche. o])er
pe y-ha^ede stedes / ])et hjep apropred / to guodes
seruise. and ]>et dej) do / ofbe / couaytise ine uele manures.
1. Abuneofthe Verst / huanne me dia,^p uoulliche / ))et bodi of oure
Lord's body.
Ihorde / aze doJ> pe ereges. and pe wychen. and pe
*• A*"»" o^*« kueade prestos / uor to wynne. Alsuo ich zigge / of
«. Destmction or be obro sacremeus. Efterward / huanne me brecb /
theft of holy ^ ^ . , , „. , / , , , .
things. o])er stel]) / o])er draj]) uouUiche / pe hal3ede J^inges.
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THB SIXTH BOUOH OF AVABICB. 41
)>e crouchen. pe calices. ^ creyme. pe corporeaus.
pe yblissede uestemens. and o^re / yblissede ]>inge8.
Efterward / hiianne me henip. oper brek)) cberches. «. Burning and
oper boli stedes. cherchtoimes. oyer hous of relygioun. ofaiircfaes,^r«iigi.
o))er huanne me di&^p po / oat / ]mt yle]> to holy dnw^^t*uioM
cheiche. ojwr into cherchtounes. nor to by y-borje. I^lrtwurSSSn.
Efterward / huanne me make^ medles / ine cherche / s. mspatMin
zuo )>et per ys / blod yssed. oJ)er huanne me dej> / ^^^^Jd^
zenne of lecherie. Efterward / huanne me layb hand / ^^?^^' , .
' '' ' ' «. Laying Tiolant
ine kueade / ine clerk, ober ine man / ober ine wyf- *»»<'• <» ci«k or
f * *' man or woman of
man / of religion. Efterward huanne me stel)). o^r religion.
ber]> / be kueade skele / out of holy stede / yblissede ueaaed tunga
J^inges / oJ?er onblissede / huet |)et hit by. Of J^ise ThoaeMlnotquit
zennes / ne hjep najt kuytte po / f et pe guodes of holy ^Jj^^^JJo^.
cherche. pe patremoyne of lesu cnst / despende]) °'**^^"^'
ine kueade us. Ne bo nabemo / bet benimeb / ober of property of tha
, * * ' Cbarch,orwho
hyalde]> mid WTo[n]g / oj^er mid 8treng))e. o]>er wuhbouiranta,
hede]> )» ]>inge8 / J)et bye}> apropred / to holy cherche. SS^ "*
o]>er hise payej> kueadliche. ase j>e rentes. J>o of-
frendes. \e tendes. and \e oJ>re ri^tes / of holy
cherche. Of }>ise zelue zenne / ne byej> ni^t kuytte / Th^aranot quit
])0 )>et breke)) ])e zondayes / and pe festes / ))et bye]> to dayaandfeativaia.
lokL Yor ]>e holy day / he)) his vridom / ase habbe]»
))e holy stedes. l>ise bye]» pe smale bo^es ^t wexe^ of
\e boje of sacrilege.
)9E .yj. BO3 OF AUABICE.
be zixte bo^ of auarice / is symonye. bet is zuo ^- t»>« ■*«*>>
â– ' I , ***'*^*^ ^ avarica
ycleped / uor ane wychche / ))et hette Symoun / }>et i« simony.
wolde begge / of seynte peter p^ apostel / \^ grace /
uor to do miracles /and byad grat guod. and )>eruore /
hi byef y-cleped / Symoniaks : alle Jo / ))et wyllej) simoniaca an
zelle / o])er begge / ^e gostliche ))inges. Jet is amang / boy apiritiui ^
alle )» dyadliche zennes : on of |)e grateste. And Jes ^^^ Yatjcn
bo3 / hej> manie tuygges. ))e uerste is in ham / Jet J^uf'^^
zellef / ojer beggej / pe holy ordres / ojer fet body of/ buying of hdy
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[Fol. 12. a.]
42 DIVERSE CASB8 OF SIMONY.
orden, ortiMBar ouie Uiorde / opeT pe o])re sacremens / of holy cherche.
t. PrwKshing for j)e ofet is ine ham / }>et zelle Jj / godes word, and pie-
cho]) pnncipalliche / uor pans. \)e ]>ridde is ine ham /
$.Pnreh»i]isand >ot be yef>e8 / oJ?er be behotinges / oJ>er be biddingges
wth?!S|SSf^f ^Ireduoll® / o\>eT ulessliche / makejj zuo moche / )»t hy /
Hoij chareh. q^qj q^^q . }yjep ichose / to dyngnetes of holi cherche.
ase bye]> bissopriches. abbayes. o^r denyes. o]>er
4. crtvtag away ojwe dingnetes / pet me make]> / be chyezinge. J)e uer}>e
for slilaj aCCmf tho
benefloeaofHoij is ine ham / pet be yef^ / oj^er be behotinges. o])er be
biddinges dreduolle / oJ>er be seruise na^t clene / yenep
pe prouendres. and pe parosses. o)>er o))re benefices
6. Lettinffand of holy cheTche. })e vifte is ine ham / ])et be markat
fleet. makinde : lete^hare benefices / o])er chonge)). j>e
«. cauriivjinOTto ^xte is ine ha/» / beKbe markat makinde : guob in-to
go into religion by ' ^ ^ ^^-~ ^ i ,.
market religioiL and ine ham / ))et ine zoiche manere / his
onderuonge)).
Vele J>er byej» ojre zennes / and of diners cas / ine
symonye. Ac hi belongejj more / to klerekes : ]»anne
to leawede. And pia bok is more ymad / nor pe
Lewd (lay) men leawedc : pAtme uor pe clerkes. ])et habbe)> pe bokes.
ftomthiarin, Ac ahicwsy hit is nyed / to leawede men / ^et hi ham
«iinmttin^s^nS[«: ^0^ / uram Jjise zewne : ine fri cas. J)e on is / hua7?ne
thdJktoto^ain ^ wyllej) helpe hare ken / oJ)er hare uryendes / an he^y
dignitieaofUie Jhq dingnetes /of holi cherch. pe ojre huanne hi
2nd, by giving yeuejj pe prouendres ojer benefices / J)et bye J of hare
srd,bycaoaing yefjpe. pe fridde / huawne hi yeldej) hare children/
^^5^^^*^ ' into religpjon. Ine ^ise fri poyns / yef hiyeue]) / ojer
onderuongej? yef^es / oJ>er kueade biddingges / o^er
kueade semises : hi mitten zone ualle in to ^ise ze^ine
Three idndB of of symonis. Vor ase ziggeb be holi writes, ber byeb
gifts make ei-
mony. pn maucres of yef^. ]>et make]> symonie. yef|ye of
1. Gift of hand. hand, ycfbe of moube / ase biddinges. yefbe of
8. Giftofmooth. . « ^ /
8. Gift of andean seruise na3t clenUcL Ich clepie onclenlich : huanne
"^"' pe seruises byej> y-do / uor onclenliche cause, ojer
pnncipalliche : uor ping gostlich.
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TH£ SEVENTH BOUGH OF AVARICE. '13
])B ZEUENDB BO3 OF AUARICE.
J)e zeaend boj / of auarice : ys wyckedhede, Ich clepie â„¢: '^^ wcnth
wychkedhede : buanne be man / is zuo wykhed / and uwickedii«M,i.«.
, , wheoonetaM
ZUO moche dyeuel : J)et Yarn ne diet ni^t / to done / ane wicked tut he
greate zenne / dyadlicli / and orrible. oj^r giat harm/ greet and honibie
to o]>ien / nor a lite wayn / oJ>er nor uienie / to him. JJ^^JlTiS^Sjâ„¢
J)es boj / hej manye tuygges. ))e nerste is. huanne / J^tt^^
eny uor drede / of pouerte. o))er uor couaytise / uor to nanift**
"Wynne : uorza^)) [renay])] god/ and J)e cristene bileaue. becoming Heretio,
. Jew, or Sareoen.
and becomJ> bougre. ojer len. ofer sarasin. To
jdse zeTzne / belongejj / }>e zenne : of ham / fet uor To twe >in be-
pans / make]) to clepie / ))ane dyeueL and make]) ]>e thoeewhomeke
endientmentiy
enchauntemens. and make]> to loky ine )>e zuord. who look in the
... it 1 / nail of thethmnb
o))er me ]>e nayle / of |)e Jroume. uor to of-take / )>e for to take thieve*,
byeues. ober uor obre binges. And of ham alsuo / ^^^ «»««» ■!«>
**' * f f ^ I that by witchcraft
pet make)) / ofer porchace]> / be charmes / ojjer be <»«m t^oee in
wychecreft. o]>er be kueadnesse / huet pet hit by. pet hate one another,
uolk / J)et byej> ine spoushod / togydere / ham hatiej.
o))er ne moje habbe uela^rede / J>e on wyp pe ojre / be
spoushod. Oj>er ))et uolk / J>et ne byej) najt ine spous-
hod : louieJ> ham togidere / folliche : and be zenne. j>e
ober is / J>e zenne / of grochinge / and of traysoun «■Grudging and
n 1 • T 1 , / treaeoo, when a
[bezuykingej. huawne pe man / uor wynnynge. ojjer man f6r proAt
uor mede / dej> Jing / huer by hi dra^ej> ojre / to pe d^^^^
dyajje. oj^er be zuorda oJ)er be uenym. ojer ine ojjre ^'ijjj^ij ,,3
mancre / huet bet hit by. pe bridde / is be zenne of «• Burning of
, . ^ /, 1 , town* orhonaee;
ham / ))et uor wynnynge / beme)) hous. tonnes, casteles. deetmetion of
cites. o)>er cherchen. o))er destrae]) )>e vines. o))er comes, haratoo^n
oJ>er do}> oJ>re hannes uor mede. Jje uerje is pe zenne J^a^JJC^diMcwd,
of ham j>et z&wep discord, and p?/rchacejj pe stryfs / Stiw'to*oâ„¢to
and pe werres in cites / ofer ine capiteles / ojjer be-tuene ^8**»«" **^«»'«-
pe he^emen / uor fan J>et hi weneji pe more to wynne
mid strif ine pe werre : Jeanne ine pays, pe vifbe is pe ». Aocurfngpoor
zenne of reuen. of prouostes. of bedeles. of sergons.
]»et accuse]) / and c[h]alenge]) ^t poure uolc / and ham
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44 THE £IOHTH BOUOH OF AVARICE.
nrmrmit] ^^P raymi* / and kueadliche lede' uor a lite wynnynge
pet hi habbe]) be-zide.
Tothbtinbetonc- to ]>is6 zenno beloiige]» pe zenne of ualae domesmen /
ftOMjadgM, and of ualse playteres / and of ualse wytnesses. of
mTflSSi^S^ buam we habbe]> aboue y-«peka Ine manye o]>re
"*"^ maneres is ydo pe zenne of wyckednesee. Ac lang }>ing
hit were to zigge. and betere may ech man rede fe
ilke zenne / and pe o]>re / ine pe hoc of his inwyt :
^anne ine ane ssepes acinne.
pE l^TENDE BO3 OF AUARICE.
Ym. TiM 0ighu& he e^tende bo^ of anarice / is chapfaie / hueiiniie
bough of prid« fa "^ -^ ' .
chaiibr, Le. aiin- me zenejep I ine uele maneres / uor timlich wynnynge.
gijn. ' *'**'^ and nameliche / ine zeue maneres. J>e uerste is / to
JJjJJJJ^ *" ^ zelle pe Jinges / ase dyere / aaeme may. And to begge /
L po«iS^*butto ^ guodcheap / ase me may. J>e o))er is : lye3e. zuerie.
tray at tiM diMp- and uorzuerie / pe he jere to zelle / hare chapuare. pe
a. Toifa,iw«Mr, Jnidde mBnere is / J)et me dej> ine wy3tes. and ine
and peijun, in , . . >•#... ^
oidertoaaUgoods. mesures. and ]wt may by / me pn maneres. pe
weights and mea- uerste : huanne me he)) / diuerse wy^tes / o]>er diuerse
a. baying vt the mesuTos. and begge)) / be ])e gratteste wy^tes / o)>er be
l^edungi^the p^ grattosto mesures : and zelle)) by pe leste. pe o])re
l!1iemngby short "lanere is / htianne me hej) / ri3tuolle wyjtes / and ri^t
SlJS™^dS%ho ^^^® mesures / and zellej) ontreweliche / ase do)) piae
^thsCTmT*" tavemyer8/J)etuelleJ)))emesure/mydscome. ])e])ridde
manere zuo is huanne ))o / ])et zellej) be wyjte / purcha-
wsigtat of goods, cej) / and make]) zuo moche ))et / ])et ping / ^t me ssel
4. To seu to time, weje / ssewe)) more heuy. pe nerpe manere / to zene^i in
chapfare : is to zelle / to t jma of Jisen / we habbejj
B. Toseuadiflbfw yspeke aboue. be vifte manere is: ober binff zelle;
ent article than r r o
was at first bar- panne me heJ) / y-sseawed beuore. Ase do J) J)ise
scriueyns / J)et ssewe]) guode lettre / ate ginnynge.
6. To hide the and efterward / make]) wycked. J>e zixte is : hede / pe
as horse-dealers zo])nesse / of ))e ])inge / ])et me wyle zelle / ase do]) /
7. To make a thing pQ romougouTS of hors. pe zeuendo is / maki / por-
chaci I pet I pet ])ing / pet me zeljj / make)) uor to ssewy
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NINTH AND TENTH BOUGHS OF AVARICE. 45
betere / ptmne hit by. ase doj / J^ise zelleres of clo}>. i^Mdociothieu-
. OTt, who ChOOM
^t cmese}^ / Jye ]>yestre stedes / liuer lii zelle]> / hare dim piaoM to mU
cloj>. Lie uele o}>re maneres / me may zene^i / ine
chapfares. Ac long }>mg / hit were to zigge.
pE Nl^ENDE BO3 OF AUARICE.
pe ne^ende bo^ of auarice : is ine kueade creftes. ix- The ninth
TV/ ^ i_ 11 • 1 hough of pride i»
Ine pise / zene^^ mocne iiolk : ine uele manures, ase in wicked cniu.
fise fole wyfmen. J)et nor a lite wynnynge : hy yne}> Thn* sinneth fooi
ham to zerone. Alzuo ))ise hysians / and piBe kempen / andchunpioiM
thst for Denoe
and vele o^re / J^at uor pans / o^r nor timlich profit / gwe them to
yue]) ham / to crefke / na^t oneste. fet ne may na3[t] /
by do : wy]H)ute zenne. an of ]>an pet hit do]> : and of
ham / ^t hise sostyenej).
pE TENDE BOJ OF AUARIOE.
pe tende bo^ / of auarice : bye]> kneade gemenes. x. Thetentb
ase bye}) ^ gemenes of des. and of tables, and of u wicked game*,
ofre huyche huet pet hy by / hner me playj) nor pans. HJIdftlhieB, m
o^r uor o^r / timelich wynnynge. Zuyche kuade Jj^^* pi»yeth
gemenes / specialliche of des / and of tables : byejj I^®*- 13. »-i
uorbode / be ri te / uor manye zeTtnes / pet uol^ep itcMMthmMiy
zuyche gemenea be uerste is / couaytise uor to wynne / i- coTetoumeM
, ,.!/,. , \ .1 towlnanddeepoil
and uor to dispoyly / his uela^e. pe o]>er is / gaue- one'* feuow.
lynge to grat. ase ne^en / uor tuelf. najt uor ane nine for twelve,
mon])e. ne to e^te dajes: ac ine one zelue day. p^ *^^ ^ ^^
]>ridde is / to mori lyeasynges / and ydele wordes, and «• l*«^ idle
j>et wors is : greate blasfemies of god / and of his hal^eiL buwphemiee of
hueruore / god him Ynepep. ase oftezipes / he he]> uinte.
ynome / to lite wreche. Vor operhuyl / ham miswent
J>e uisage / pet beuore : behinde
.A TALE. A tale of a knight
who swore by
A kny^t wes / j>et zuor / be godes ejen. an haste / ood'e eyee.
Hie eye leapt upon
his on e3e / Ihip ope pet cheker. An archer / uor )>et the checker,
he hedde ylore ate geme : nom his bo3e / and ssat an ihotatood
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46 THE SIXTH HEAD OF THE BEAST.
fcnndhiauTow hej / aye gocL J^ane moi^eii / huanne he zet / ate
bloody/ gemene : his arowe / vil ope fet cheker / al blody.
4. Bad ezunpie. ])e yer)»e is / ])e kueade uorbysne. ^t he J)et play]> :
6. LonoftinM. yefj) to o^TQn I J>et y-zyejj }>et geme. Jje vifte / in lere
of time / pet me ssolde be zette / ine guode workes.
And manye o])re zennes : ])et long ^ing / hit were to
He that winneth zigge. O ))ing / ich ne seel na^t uoryete. pet / pe ilke /
•hoald give liber- . . ^ . , i. / • j r
â– iiy for ood'e }>et wjnp I he ne may najt / ine guode manure of-
^^ healde / Jet he wynf / ac ssel hit y[e]ue / uor godes
If it be got i7 loue. bote yef )>et hit by / ine zuyche manere : ])et he
uS^dber^*^ hit hedde / mid barat / oJ)er be strengj^e, aae pe ilke /
etoredtotheioaer. j^^ ^^^ ^ ^p^^ pj^y^ y Y>e Btre[n]gJ)e. Ine >et cas /
he ssolde hit yelde to him / ]>et hit he]> yloie. Alsuo
ich zigge : of ]>et me wynp / ine tomement.
TheM other pise bye]) pe bo^es / of auarice / yno3 J^er hjep o}>re.
bei^ more^o ** Ac hy hjep I more to clerekes : ponne to pe leawede.
derkB than lewd ^^ j^ig boc / is moTO ymad / uor pe leawede : f awne
uor pe clerkes / ))et connej? pe writinges.
))E ZIXTB HEAUED OF ]?E BESTB.
The sixth head of ])e zixto heaued / of pe kueade beste : is lecherie /
lechery, i. e. too }>et is to moche louo / and desordene / ine lost of lenden :
tove^dtort?^ oj^r / ine ulesslich lost. Of fise zerone uondej) pe
tottita^*to*6^ dyeuel / in vif maneres / Ase zayj> saynt gregorie.
modes, in- Aucrst / ine fole ziibe. efterward / ine fole wordes.
1. Foal eight. ' â– '' '
a. Foaiworda. eftersvard / ine fole takinjres. efterward ine fole kess-
5. Foal handling. '
4. Foul kissing, inges. efterward / me comjj to pe dede. Vor of fole
zi^pe : me comf to pe speche. and uram pe speche / to
pe handlingeuram pe han[d]linge : to pe kesinge. uram pe
kessinge : to pe dede. And J>ous sotilliche / makej? pe
This sin to divided dyeuel / guo uram on to ojjer. J)is zewne / him to-
1? Lechery of * delj / uerst ine tuo manures, uor J)er is lecherie / of
L Lechery of herte : oud lecherie of bodie. J)e lecherie / of herte :
iS'iechetyof ^^® ^^} I "^^^ stapes. Vor pe gost / of fomicacion /
heart hath four ^q^ seruejj / of pe uere / of lecherie / becleppe' pe herten :
1. Foul thoughu. make]) uerst / come pe Jojtes. and pe hkinges. fuid pe
^ to has been erased in the MS. before bedeppe.
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THE BIN OP LBCHERT. 47
ymaginacions / of zenne / to herte : and make)) )»enche.
Eft^-ward / be herte blefb / ine be bo^tes. an suo s. DeUght in foui
' M t J thooghto without
delite)>. yet ne de)> he na^t / )>e dede uor no ]>ing. And actual c
ine ))i8e hleuinge / and ine ])e ilke lost : is ]k) o)«r
stape / ))et may by / dyadlich zenne. Jje gieate zenne
may hj/pQ lost. J>e )>ridde / stape / is ])e gTaunti[n]gge s. conMnting or
of herte / and of }>e scele / and of }>e wylle. And zuyche wid wm.
gmntinges : bye]) alneway / deadlich zenne. Efber pe
grantiwge : comb be wylnynge. and be greate hete bet *. Desire and
graat heat to min,
hy habbe)> uor to zene3y. and do)> more ^anne tuenti [poi. is. b.i
zennes / yne ]>e daye / ine n^^ of leuedys / and of aaa««dtqrthe
1 / . 1 I !• 1 » ^ A -L aightofftirladiaa
maydynes / ))et ssewejj ham / uayie ydi^t. ^t ofte hy quainUj adorned,
sseawe)) / and di3te)> ham / fe more qttaynteliche / and
)>e more honesteliche / uor to maki musi / pe foles to
ham. and ne wene)) najt / gratliche zene^y : uor ]>et hi
ne habbe)> no wyl / to do fe dede. Ac uor-zoJ?e : hy
znsne^ep / wel greuousliche. Vor be pe ancheysoun / of
ham : bye J uorlore / manye zaules. And Jjer bye}> / who thna bring
moche uolk / y-do to dyajje / and to zenne. Vor ase
zayjj / J)e uorbisne. * levedi / of uaire dijtinge : is arblast / Jj^^^^jjjfjj
to J>e tour.' Vor hi he hep leme / ine hire bodye : pet the tower.
ne is / a gryn / of J)e dyeule. ase zay^ Salomon. Jeanne
behoueb hit / yelde scele / ate daye of dome / of }>e i^^u*. who wit-
tingly cauae fr^l c
zaules / }>et be pe ancheaysoun / of ham / hjep uorlore. to ain, ahau be
])et is / to onderstonde : huanne hi yeue]> encheysoun / atdoomaday.
uor to zenejy / be hare wytinde.
Lecherie of bodie. him todel^ : ine lecherie of e3en. Lechery of bodyta
« i» .A-11 #»ii. AA / cUvidedlnto lech-
of yearen. of mou]>e. of honden. an of alle J>e wyttes / ery of eyea. eara,
of fe bodye. And specialliche : of pe uoule dede. And andwita (m
hue^ is hit uoul dede zejj^e hit is kendelich? uor Jjet »C*««'=how,]
god / hit uorbyet / ine his spelle. and his apostel panel :
))et pus zBkyp. *ech man habbe his o^ene : uor fomicacion.'
))et ys to zigge : his ojene wyf To J)o zenne / belongep / to tua ain be-
alle pe j^inges / huer-by / ])et uless him arist / and neaa and gluttony,
wylnej) / zuiche dede. ase hjep pe mochele drinkeres. bed-dothea, and
and eteres. ^e zofte bed. clones likerouses. and alle •^^'^^y-
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48
THE BRANCHBB OF LECHERT.
Theslnofth*
deed of ledimy is
divided into many
1. Thelttisof
thoM who ]!▼• to-
gtth«r oat of tlM
bonds of tredlook.
t. Adultery with
5. Single men
living with
widows or the
oontruy.
4. Adolteiy with
single women.
6. Adultery with
(or
bnach).
This sin b doubled
when both perties
are married.
6. Unnatnral s!n»
ibr which God
smote to death
Qnan, JaooVs
nephew.
[FdL 14. a.]
7. Adultery of a
man with his god-
goddanghter.
manyere eyse / of bodye / out of nyede. and special-
liche: ydelneese.
J)e zenne of dede / of lecherie : him to-del^ / ine uele
bo^es / be ^ stat of ^e persones / ^t hit do]), and ge^ an
hej / Oram kuede / to worse. ))e ueiste is of man / o))er
of wyfman / J)et ne habbe]) / nenne bend, ne of wodewe-
hod. ne of spoushod. ne of ordre. ne of religionn. ne of
o)>re manure. |>et is pe ueiste zenne dyadlich : in dede /
of lecherie. J)e o^r is / to wyfmanne (Commune. })iB
zenne / is more hard : uor hi is / more aid. and uor
fet I zuyche wyfinen / bye^ ojwrhuyl wyues. ofer of
relig[i]on. and ne uorzake]) nenne. ne uader / ne broJ>er.
ne zone / ne ken. ))e ^ridde is / of man sengle / mid
wodewe. oJ>er ayeward. J)e uer^ is / wij) sengle wif-
man. J)e vifte is / mid wyiman ymarissed. J>et is ^
zenne / of spousbieche. J)et is wel kuead. uor j^er is /
brekinge of treuj^e / ))et ]7e on ssel here / to J>e oj^re.
efterward ^r is / a sacrilege / huanne me brecj) / ^e
sacrement / of spoushod. hit yual]) oj^erhuyl / deserte-
soxm / of eyr / and ualse manages. ]^is zenne / him
dobblej) o])erhuil / huanne hi is / of man y-spoused :
wj\ wymman ])et he]) houseboxmde. ))e zixte is /
huanne J^e man / he^ his 03e wyf / dej) J>ing / pet is
uorbode / and disordene / aye kende of man. and ordre.
and of spoushod. And mid ojene zuorde : man may /
him-zelue sle. Alsuo may he / mid his o^ene wyue /
zene^i dyadliche. ))eruore smot god / to euele dya])e
onam / iacobis neuu. And ^e dyeuel / ])et hette asmo-
deus / aatranglede / ]>e zeue houseboundes / of pe holy
mayde / sare. pet zeppe wes / yonge thobyes wyf Vor
aUe pe sacremens / of holi cherche / me ssel vsi /
clenliche / and mid / greate wor])S8ipe. pe zeuende is
of man / to his godmoder / o^er to his goddo3ter. o^r
of godsone / to the children of his godzyb / oj^er of his
godzybbe / uor J>o children / ne mo3e na^t come / to-
gydere : wyf-oute dyadlich zenne / ne be spoushod.
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ADULTERY AND ITS BRANCHES. 49
be eitende is of man / to his kenne. and be ilke zenne / 8. Adultery ot»
â– ^ ^ ' r / nun with toll own
arist : and loje^. be ^t ^ kenrede / is nyej / oJ>er uer. Un.
pQ nejende is / of ^ marane / mid pe kenne / of his
wyue. o^r ayeward / of j^e wyue / mid pQ kewne / of •• Adultery of*
hare honseboimde. ))e ilke zeTtne / is wel dreduoL or hu wire, or the
Yor huanne ])e man / he^ uelajrede / myd enye wyf- hu^'akin.
mane : he ne may nanmore / be spoushod ' / habbe
none / of hire kenne. and yef he / enye nim^ : fe
sponshod / ne is najt. And yef he / nim j) wyf : and
eftervrard / of j>e half / of hire keT^ne : ha lyest / f e ri3t /
J)et he hedde / to his wyue / ine zuo moche / fei he ne
may / efterward / wonye mid him / bote hy / hit ne
bidde beuore. Jje tende is of wyf men to clerkes y- lo. Adultery of
hoded. pia zenne / anheje)) : and lo3e^. by ^e hodes. hooded derka.
and be worbssiphede. be enlefte is / of man / of be ii. Adultery ore
,f , '^/ / * ,. . , /^ man of the world
wordle / to wyfman / of reugioun. oj^er ayeanward / of with a women of
wyfman of J)e wordle / to man / of rehgioun. pe .xij. is oonSaly.**'
of man / of religioun. and of wyfman / of religion, and J^^of*i2Si^*
Jjis zewne : an-hejef / and lojej). be pe stat / of J)e per- ^J^'''^'^
sones / j>et hit do^. pe .xiy . is of prelas / ^et ssolden w. Adultery of
bi licnesse / and uorbysne / of holynesse / and of
klennesse / to al be wordle. be laste / is mest uoul / 14. TheUatainu
too foul to be
an lodlakest / J^et ne is najt / to nemny. pQ ilke mentioned.
zenne / is aye kende / fet fe dyeuel tek]) to man. o])er
to wyfman / ine uele manures / ^et ne byej) na3t / to
nemni / uor J^e materie / J^et is to moche / abomynable.
Ac ine ssrifj^e / hit ssel nemni / fe ilke / to huam / hit
is be-ualle. Vor asemoche / ase be zenne / is more Thoee guilty of
' / ' this Bin atend in
uoul / and more gr^lich : pQ more is worj) / pe ssrifte. needofahrut.
Vor pe ssame / fet me he^ / of ^e zigginge : is grat del /
of be penonce. bis zenne / is zuo onworb to gode : bet ThiaainUaohate-
'^ ^ ^ ' I ftd to God. that he
he dede rine / uer berninde / and bemston stinkinde / did nin baming
• wi.1 /Ii. 1 1 , I '!>' fire and Btinklng
ope pQ Cite of sodome / and of gomorre. and azenkte / vii brimatone upon
cites / in-to helle. pQ dyuel him-zeK / ])et hit por- momJi.
1 MS. apuosAod
4
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50 THE SEVENTH HEAD OF THE BEAST.
chace^ : hep ssame / ^uawne man hit dojj. and J>e eyr /
is anuenymed / of J?e dede.
]}E ZEUENDE HEAUED OF ]}E BESTE.
Th«Mventh hMd pe zeuende heaued / of ^ kueade beste : zuo is /
•in of the mouth. J>e ze»ne of ])e moufe. and J>eruore / ^ipe moiij) / hej>
^o^flto^oMto tuo offices, huerof / fe on l)elongef / to Je zuel^ / ase
â– wai^.theother ^ ^ ^^^ / an to >e diinke. pe oj^er / zuo is in
speche. Jjeruore / him to-del^ / pe ilke zenne : in tuo
deles / principalliche. pet is to wytene : in zenne of
henMwehaTeiiii glotounye / ^ot is ine mete / and in drinke. and ine
•in'ofevUi^ech. ze7me / of kueade tonge. J>et is / ine fole spekinge.
1. 6inofgitittop7. And uerst / zigge we / of pe zenne /of glotounye. pet is
great powerljy » vice / pet J>e dyeuel / is moche myde ypayd. and
this lin. moche / onpayp god. Be zuych zenne / hej) J^e dyeuel /
wel grat mijte / in ma7ine. Huer-of / we ledep ine J^e
[FoL 14. b.] godspelle / J>et god / yaf yleaue pe dyeulen / to guo in
to pe zuyn. and ]^o hi weren / ine ham : hise adieynten /
oiattoDB lead the jne J>e ze. ine tokninge : Jet J>e glotouns / lede]^ lif / of
the devil hath zuyn. and pe dyeuel hep yleaue / to guo in ham : and
them, hise adrenche / ine pe ze / of helle. and ham / to do ete
tnuhe7bcu«t,and 2U0 mocho : ])et hi to-cleue. an zuo moche drinke : ]}et
rj;^""'"'liyhamadienchej,.
Huanne pe kempe / hep his uela^e / yueld / and
hi7n halt / be pe prote / wel onneape / he arist. Alsuo
hit is of pan / pet pe dyeuel halt / be pa zenne. and
The devil hj this peruoie blepeliche / he yemp / to pe prote : ase pe wolf /
by the throat and to pe ssepe / him uoT to astiangli / ase he dede to euen /
' '*°* and to Adam / in paradys terestre. pet is pe vissere /
of helle / pet nymp pane viss / bi pe prote / and by pe
chinne. pia zenne / moche mis-payp god. Vor pe
The glutton glotoun / makep to grat ssame / huanne he makeb /
makethhisgodof , . , - , / , i. , / «,.
aiaokfhiofdung, his god : of ane zeche / uol of dong / pet is of his
i.e.hi»beUy. ^ombe / pet he louep more / panne god. and ine him
GodUdshimfiut, ylefth / and him seruep. God him hat ueste : pe
Mtion/andiate. wombe zayp / * pou ne sselt / ac et longe / and a-tmyt.'
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THfi SINS OF TUB MOUTH. 51
God him hat be ^e morjen arise : ^e wombe z&jf J ' J)0
ne sselt / ich am to uol / me behoue^ to slepe / J>e
chciche nys non hare / hy abyt me weL' And huanne
he arist : he becynb his matyns / and his benes / and his After ri»tn« ho
'^ •' / / thinks of what he
oreysones. and zayj). ' a / god / huet ssoUe we / ete to day. ebau eat.
huader me asoUe / eny ])ing uynde / pet by worj)?'
Efter ^ise matynes : comej) pe laudes. and [he] zay^. 'A.
god / huet we hedde / guod wyn yesteneuen / and
gaode metes.' And efter^an / he bewepj) his ze»nes : Then he thinke
and zayJ). ^ Alias he zay^ / ich habbe y-by nye^ dyad to good wine, bat
myt to Strang / wes Jwt wyn / teue. J)et heaned / me achi^heJu
aikp, ich ne ssel by an eyse: al*huet ich habbe /
ydronke.' poua to pe kueade z&yp. )7is zenne / let man
to asame. Yor alj^erueist / he becomj) tauemyer.
Jeanne he playj) ate des. JaTtne he zel^ his ojen. j^aTUie Th« giotton often
he becom^ riband, holyer. and pyet and Jeanne me lowe.
hine anhonge]>. Jjis is J>et scot : Jiet me ofte payj). S^ofUn"*' *^
P'lB zenne him to-delj) / ase be saynt gregorye. ine Thieeinepreedeth
vif bo^es. Vor ine vif manures / me zene^ej) / be mete /
and be drinke. O j>er uor ^et / ^et me eth / and 4^ngp :
to-uore time, oj^er / to lostuolliche. o^er / out of
mesure. o^er / to ardontliche. Oj>er / to plentyuous-
liche. J9e uerste bo3 panne / of plae zenne : is to ete / i. Beting befon
beuore time, and to uoul ]>ing hit is / of man / J>et hej) toSsUery^o* *°*
age : huanne he / ne may abyde / time / to etenie. and "*"***
of grat lecherie / of j>rote / hit comjy. J^et man / pet is
Strang / and hoi of bodye. wyp-oute ancheysoun
sceluoL to-uore ri3te houre / yemp to J>e mete / ase aedotiiadomh
dep a best doumb. And uele zennes comep / oi po
ilke wone. Jeanne hit comp / )>et zuych a man zayp. a man guilty of
j>et he ne may ueste. ne do penonce. Vor he hep pet flMt.bec^hi»
yzed * ich habbe / a to kuead heaued.' And he zayp J^^tl'^^iu
zop. uor he hep hit zuych ymad. and ku^ad herte i»wtbeoomee
alzuo / pet hep ymad pet kuead. and him hep y-do
breke ' / pe uestinges / pet is grat zenne. and yef he i [ms. hrott.i
him damnede / be him zelue : per-of no strengpe. Ac
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52 IMMODERATE EATIKO AND DRINftlXO.
HtwiuhaT««ii. he wyle habbe uelaies / bet dob aae be deb. huiche be
Ivn Ukt UmMir, 7 t r r t
drajj^ / uram wel to done and let bis mid him / in-to
belle. Yor be de^ bam / broke bare uestinges. and do
[FoL 15. •.] bare glotounyes. buer-of bi bain / wolden loki : yef fer
nere / kueade ueb^es. Vor fe drinkere / and fe bop-
whombecMiMi li^^ / aniang ^e o^ kneades / fet bi do)> : proprelicbe
** â– '^ one zenne / J)et is fe dyeulee / buanne bi wyjHiraje^ to
do weL Hy ziggej) / ^et bi ne moje na^t ueste. ac by
lye3ej>. Vor litel loue of god: bam be^ fet / y do
H«ioTMth«idie zigge. Yor yef bi loueden zuo mocbe / )>e zo^ ioye of
mora than tiw beuen& ase by do]) / ^ ydele blisse / of fia woidle : ase
traejoyof hMTeD. ^^ uggtej) / uop ^e timlicbe nyedes / al-buet ni^t : ase
wel / bi mitten ueste / buet non / uor god : yef bi biw /
H« u M the ohnd ZUO mocbe loueda Ac by bye^ / ase is J^et cbiLd. fet
bmve brawl in hu wyle alne Way / babbe fet bread / ine bis band. And pe
sselt conne / ^t ase me zene^ef / ine to nfe arizinge /
uor to etbene : and alsuo me zenc^ep : late to soupL
SS*uIto md"'^ Jjanne fet uolk / Jet late louiej) to soupi / and to waki
rising lat*. be ni3te. and waste J Jane time / ine ydelnesse. and
late gaoj to bedde / and arisej late : zenejej / ine
Thay wMtothrir ^ele maneres. Yeret : ine bet bi wasteb / bane time.
time^andtoni ^ ,
night into day. and bine nuswendej / buanne bi makej / of Je nyljjt :
f!^^ *^**^ ^*^' *"^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ I ^'^ Zuycb uolk / god acorsej /
be Je propbete. Yor me ssel be daye : wel / do. and be
nijte / bene god / and bidde. ac buo fet lyj a bedde /
buanne be ssolde arise, slepe be mot : buanne be ssolde
bidde. and bis s^ruise ybere / and god berie. and Jos
be / lyest al bis time / and Je ni^t: and Jane day.
I^lZ^i' '!*' Efterward / ine zuycbe wakinges : me dej manye
kueades. ase playe ate cbes. ojer ate tables, and me
zayj / manye bisemers. and folyes. and Jus wastej /
So thv wrath be wiecbe lus time / and bis wvttes / and bis jniodes.
aod,andharm ^ ' J I e
UMir bodica and andwrejejgod. and barme J bis bodi / and more Je zaule.
J)e oJer boa : is of mete / and of drinke / be to
t, Immoderata .
•attng and drink- mocbe / and wij-oute mesure. i)e ilke bye J / p/*opre-
licbe glotounes / Jet al uorzueljej / ase deJ Je kete of
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GLUTTONS ARB LIKB THB KITS. 53
his speiringe. Hit is grat wyt / to loki mesure / ine oiuttoiu m uke
mete / and ine drinke / and grat helj^a uor moche uolk ums the b^J^'.
sterue]), and ofte f er come]) / greate ziknesses. Ac huo
fet wyle f ise mesure lyemy : lie ssel ywyte / and onder- om man um by
Btonde / jjet fer byej» / uele manures to Ubbe / ine fe {J\5^^,my??'
wordle. J)e uerste libbej) / be J>e ulesse. J)e ofer be / ^SiJSS^'
his ioliuete. pe bridde / be his fisike. be uerbe / be w>J>oneaty.a
, . . / \. .- / % ^^ r I fifth byhUelM,
nis onestete. pe vifte / be J^an J^et hare zerones acse]). andadxthbythe
|)e zixte be J)e goste / and be j)e lone of god. ShL*
Jjo bet libbeb be be ulesse / ase zayb zaynte paul / Tho«e that live by
,.;';,. , ,. , Jr J t^ t theflwhslaytheir
m 8la3eb hire zaulen. uor hi makeb / of hare wombe : wmi* and make
, J 1. -11 I V ,1 . 1 / , their belly their
nare gocL pe uke / ne hyealde]) scele / ne mesure. and god.
feruore / hi ssolle habbe / ine J>e ojrre wordle / pine
wy^-oute mesure.
pe ilke J>et libbej) be hare iolyuet^ : wyllej) hyealde / ^"JT;J|!i*J*^
hire fole uelajredes : zuo pet hi ne conne / ne hi ne »<> moderattott.
mo^e / healde mesure.
po fet libbej) be ypocrisye / pet byef / pe dyeules Thoeethatiweby
martires, hi habbe j) / tuo mesures. uor pe tuaye davU'e martyrs
dyeulen / ])et tormentep pone ypocr»te: byejj moche
ayder/ayensojjren. Jje on him zayj). 'eth ynoj / al-huet /
j)ou art uayr/ and uet.' j>e o])er him zayj) : * ])ou ne sselt
ac ])ou sselt ueste / al huet ^ou art / bleche and Ihene.'
Nou behouej) / to habbe-/ tuo mesures / ane little / and They Ure temper
ane scarse. bet he useb / touore be uolke. And anobre ^^^^ *>«>' *™»o-
' f^ I » ' derately when
guode and larga ^et he use^ / ])et non ne y-zy^]). pea ne none sees them,
halt na3t / pe ri3te mesure. J9e ilke / j)et couaytyse ledej) / C^o^ u- ^-3
habbe]) zuyche mesure : ase pe pors wyle. ])et is Iheuedi /
and hotestre / of be house, p&nne ssolle we betuene be OAmtimee there
/ , ,//.. 1, 111 lea strife between
porse / and ^e wombe j oi pe glotoune : habbe a uayr the parse and
sfcri£ pe wombe zayj). * ich wylle by uoL* pe purs zayj) / JJSoiu
' ich wylle by uoL' pe wombe zayj) / ' ich wylle j)et J)ou ^t b! wi^^^
ete. and drinke / and ^t J)ou despendi' And pe purs ^ ^ P"*^
zay^ : * j)OU ne sselt n«gt. ich wille ])et ])0U loki / and wuie^ and spend,
wyj)draja* Alias / huet ssel he do / pea wreche / J)et is thou shait not. i
j)rel / to zuyche tuaye kueade Ihordes. Tuo mesures / sare and retrench.
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54 THE DEVIL TAKES MAN BY THE THROAT.
make)) be wyjte ymad. ^e mesure of wombe / in ofre-
manne house guode / and large. And fe mesure of the
purse / of his. yet is zorjuol and scarse.
ThoMthatiWeby ]^o ])et libbe]} be fisike : hy healde)> ^e mesure / of
by phydc " * ypocras / ^t is lite / an strait, and hit iual^ ofte. fet fe
ilke / fet be fisike leuej) : be fizike sterf )>.
Tiiow Uving by J)o fet libbej) be hyre onestete : ^e ilke hyealdef /
at proper timei. Jje mesuTO of scele. and libbe]} worssipliche / to J)e wordle /
]>et ete^ ine time / and ine oure, and nime]) mid guodo
wylle : Jet hi habbej) / and cortayslicho / an gledliche.
Those living 17 po fet libbe]? be ])an / ])et hare ze/znes dksep.
dieted by penance, hyealde)) zuiche manure / and mesure / ase me ham
charge)) / ine penonce.
SlTirillro*' J)o yet libbej) / be fe goste. byef Jjo / yet ine J)e
thoee that use ao loue of god wouyej. to huam ye holy goat tekj) / to
reason and moder- hyealde ordre / an sckele / and mesure. J)o yethahhey
ye Ihordssip /• ope J>e bodyes / yet is zuo y-tigt / yet he
ne acsej / none outtrage. and dej^ / J^et ye gost hat /
wyf J)]-oute grochinge / and wij-oute wifzigginge.
Thnsweseethat j^qu mijt )>ou ysi / uoT fet we habbej hyer yzed /
many tricks by Jet uelo giuues / hej Jjo dyeuel / uor to nime Jet uolk /
by the throat. be Je Jrote. uoT uerst / he sseawej ham / Je wynes /
Pint, he showeth and be metes / bet byeb uayre / and Hkerouses / ase he
him wine and •• 1 i *> j */ 1 1
nwats, dede / to enen Jane eppeL And Jet / yef hit him ne is
najt wor J : he him zayj. * eth / an drink ase Je ilke /
tells him to do as and Je ilke. uelajrede Je behouej hyea[l]de. yef Je
wylt / Jet me ne storue Je najt. and Jet me Je / ne
hyalde uor papelard.' ojerhehimzayj. ' Je helje of Jine
and to keep his bodye / Jou sselt loki, uor huo Jet ne hej hel Je : he
and strength by ne he J uajt. Ne by najt mansla3je / of Je selue. Jou
anoe. ssclt to Jiue bodye : Je sostinonce.' Ojer he him zayJ.
SiSl^nSkU * ^™ y®°^® / ^^ J® guodes / Jet Jou dest / oJer mijt do.
andsoservaGod. ^qu ne est / na3t UOT Je lost / of Jyne bodye : ac to
serui god. Jou sselt / Jine strengje loki to god. ase
zayJ dauij.* Jise sceles / byej zuo cleuiinde / Jet Je
wyseste / and Je holyist[e] man : bye J ojerhuyl / becajt
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THE THIBD BOUGH OF GLUTTONT. 55
J)e ]nidde boj of ^ise zenne is / to uerliche yeme / «. Th* tUrd
to ])e mete / ase de^ fe liond : to ]>e hes. and pe more / yMmingfarmeaL
yetis / pQ ilke uerlichhede : J>e more / is ])e zenne. Yor
ase hit ne is / no zenne / nor to habbe richesses. Ac
his / to moche louye. Alsuo / kit ne is no zenne / nor
to ethe / pe guode metes : ak ethe his / to uerliche /
ofer disordeneliche. Ethe metes / byej> guode / to Toi>«tiiMatota
guode. and to ham : pet be scele / and be mesure / his thej anMUn
YseJ^. and hise nime]? / mid pe saose / of ]>e drede / of tiMdiwdofour
oure Ihorde. Vor me ssel / euremo habbe drede : pet
me / ne mys-nyme '/ be onerdede. and me ssel herye C^o^- *•• ^'i
god. and yelde hym ])onkes / of his yefj^es. And be By the sweecnflM
f e zuefcnesse / of J^e mete / pet wy^-oute / ne may by : me â– hoaid tunk cm
ssel J^enche / godes zuetnesse. and to pe ilke mete : J)et
VLelp pe herte. J^eruore me ret / ine hous of religion /
ate mete : uor j)et / huanne ]»et bodi / nym]y his mete /
of one half: ^t ^e herte / nyme his of ojier half.
• be uerbe boi / of bise z&>ine / of ban bet / to noble- *• *"»• '«"'*>»
liche wylle]) libbe. pei despende]* / and waste^ / uor to spending and
nelle hare glotonye / hwer-of an hondred poure / mitten in order to uve
libbe / and yno3liche by ueld. Zuich uolk zeneje]* ine sSchfoikein in
uele manures. Verst: in greate despenses / J>et hi ™*^p«rt ex-
make^, efterward / ine j^an / ^t hi / hit vsef / ine to g^^^intemper-
grat hete / and ine to grat lost. And efterward / ine "»«••
. ^ , ' i- In vanity; they
be ydele blisse / bet hi habbeb. Vor hit ne is naat / uke to boMt of
, their rieh meate.
onlepiliche lecherie / of zuel3 : ac hit is / wel ofte uor
host / ^et hi zeche]) / zuo riche metes / and make]» / zuo
uele mes. huer-of / ofte / come]) / uele kueades.
J)e vifte bo J is / fe bysihede / of glotuns / ^et ne b- The fifth bough
zecheb / bote to be delit / of hare zueh. bise byeb pro- glntto^l^whoâ– eek
,. V / » ^ / , 1/ \ i ^ only the delight of
preuche / lechurs / ])et ne zeche^ / bote pei lost / of the awaiiow.
hare zuelj. Ine ]}ri j^inges / nameliche / li]) ^e zenne / tb^JfyikS^:
of zuyche uolke. Verst / ine pe greate bysihede / J>et hy p^^^i^Sto!!"'*
habbej) / to porchaci / and to agraiji. Efterward / mid ^^^ofS^
grat lost / J)et hy habbej) /ine peua, Efterward / ine property.
^e blisse / ])et hi habbej / ine pe recordinga And huo recording and en-
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5S THB TAVERN THB DKVIL's SCHOOL.
da«Toart-to mak« ^et mijte telle / huyche byainesse hi do)> / to fan / pet
diflguiMd mmam, haie metes / by wel agray))ed. and ech to his o^ene
smac. and hou hy mo^e maki / of one mete / nele mes
And whtn tiM desgysed / nor hare uoule lost. And huanne be mes /
iiMM oomot on,
one •(!« tiM byef y-come / on / efler Jw ofer: panne byej> pe burdes /
and ye trufles / nor entremes. and ine ]nse manure / gef
jeatoMidjokM fe tyme. J>e wreche him uoryet. J?e sceleslepf. pe m^e
form the entr^ee. tv r» « /
CaFtafnte] gret / and z&jf, ^Dame Zuel) / ]k) me ssast ich am
"though my belly zuo uol: pet ich to-cleue.' Ac pe tonge }>e lyckestre/
let this ^Bh ^^^^ ansuere]) : and zay)>. ' ])^ ]>ou ssoldest to-cleue : ich
ni&r the nelle na^t lete askapie / fia mes.* Efter fe lecherie / J^et
jJI^J[2Jj^^^ is ine etinge : com]» pe bhsse / pet is ine pe recorder,
the wuh or the Efterward / hi wesseb bet hi hedden / nykken of crane.
dattons^thfttthey ' ^ ' ' ^
had the neekof a and wombe of cou. uor bet be mosseles / blefte lemrer /
mmewidthe . ^ '^ I -^ t
beiiyorAoow. ine pe prote, and more mi3ten uorzuelje.
Thetiniiofgittt. Nou fou hest y-hyerd / fe ze/znes / ^t oomef of
ariee commonly glotounye / and * of lecherie. and ])eniore / ]yet zuyche
weiuf sS^ zewnes / arizef co«imunliche / ine taueme : fet is welle
• of zenne. Jjeruore / ich wylle a lite take / of pe zennea /
pet hyep y-do / ine pe taueme. \)e taueme / ys pe
very^i^\^he *^^^® ^^ J^ dyeule / huere / his deciples studie]). and
^^^' his ojene chapele / per / huer me dejj / his seruese. and
}>er huer he make]) / his miracles / zuiche ase behoue]) '
to pe dyeule. At cherche / kan god / his uiitues sseavy.
and do his miracles. J^e blynde: to li^te. pe crokede : to
rijte. yelde pe wyttes of pe wode. pe speche : to pe
When the giatton dombe. pe hier])e : to pe dyaue. Ac pe dyeuel def al
. [Pol. i«. bo ayenward / ine pe taueme. Vor huanne pe glotoun gep
ttpriSt*wi^h5 in to )>e taueme /ha. gep oprijt huanne he comJ> a-yen :
«nn^Bup'pSrt 1^® no ^^P ^^^ J>®t ^^ ^^}^ sostyeni ne here. Huanne
WT^e" he enters ^^ >erin gef : he y-zycf / and y-herj) / and spec)) wel /
^^dmSiw^u^' and onderstant. huan he comf ayen : he hef al fis
when he departs uorlore / ase be ilke bet ne heb wyt / ne scele / ne onder-
hehaslcetall / r r '^ ,
these, and has no stondinge. Zuyche byeb be miracles bet pe dyeuel
reason or under*
standing. makcf . And huet lessouns ]»er he ret alle uel])e he
de^7s*mirades. tekj) J>er. glotouuye. lecherie. zuerie. uorzuerie. lyeje.
1 MS. adn ' MS. hohouey
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THE SINS OP THE TONGUE, 57
miszigge. reneye god. euele telle, contacky. and to uele
oJ>re manyeies of zennes. per arise]) ye cbeastes. ]»e
strifs. ^e manslajj^es. J^er me tek]) to stele : and to
hongi. pe taueme is a dich to ])ieues. and ]>e dyetdes The uvem is a
castel uor to werri god / an his haljen. and po ]>et fe mlih*i%Yi\^
tauemes sustyene}? : bye^ ue^es of alle j)e zennen ^et ^M?^I!ld
byej) y-do ine hare tauemes. and nor zoJto yef me ham ^^ '^^^'
zede / o])er dede / asemoche ssame to hire uader / o]>er to
hare moder. ober to hare gromes. as me def to hire Soatainen of
taverns are aooes*
iiader of heuene. and to oure Iheuedy. and to Jrn haJjen sories to au the
of paradis. mochel hi wolden ham wre])i. and ofet red uvemi.
hi wolden do Jer to ^anne hi do]>.
JjB ZENNES OP JjB TONGE. Theelnaofthe
tongue.
Huo J>et wyle conne and weje pe zennes of ^e tonge :
hit behoue^ ' J^et he conne weje / and ayenwe^e / j^et it behoreth each
word huych Jet hit by. and huer-of hit com]) : and huet re-weigh each
knead hit dej>. Vor hit y-ualj pet / Jet word is zenne MmeuTa^d what
ine hym. uor fet hit is kuead. And yef hit by-ualf Jet ^^ ^ ^^*^'
hit by zenne uor Jet hyt ge J out of kueade herte. And
of heauede hit biualj / Jet Je speche is grat zenne / uor
Jet hi dej grat kuead / Ja^ by by uayre and ysmo Jed.
Kou sselt Jou ywyte / Jet Je kueade tonge / is Jet trau The evil tongue is
Jet god acorsede in his spelle / uor Jet he ne uand na^t ^"S^j^uIThe**'^
bote leaues. Jet ine holy writ byeJ onde[r]8tonde ^^t^jljlh'^te
wordes. And alsuo ase hit is Strang Jing to telle / alle ^ **^» ^®"**-
Je lyeaues of Je trauwe : alsuo hit is Strang Jing uor to
telle Je zennes Jet of Je tonge come J. An Jise ten bo^es wemay.amongvi
we moje alsuo newni: ydelnesse. yelpinge. blondinge. JJ^J^J^ghe:
todrajinge. lyesynges. vorzueriinges. stryfinge. gro- J^^^^l"'^'
chinge. wyjstondinge. blasfemye. f **"• J^f * '*''
be ilke bat ham yeueb / to moche to ydele worddes. gnidging, oppo- *
'^ y ^ rl ^ eitton,bla«pheniy.
hi zeche J grat harm / Jet hi ne aparceyuej najt. vor
by lyesej Jane time precious, huer-of hi ssolden habbe
eftsone disete. and uorlyesej Je guodes Jet hi JencheJ
to done / and ssolden do. and nime J Je tresor of Je herte.
1 MS. Mtoue\>
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08 THB BINS OF THE TONQUE.
ThoM who ffiv and hise uel> a-yen mid ydelenesse. hi onwrib bane pot
themMlvM up to f *' " ^ ^ * ^ *
idi« word! nn- and fe ulejen yljep J^erin. hi hise clepie^ / ydele wordes/
that the fUM ac hi ne byej). ac hi hyep of giat cost / and harmuoUe /
One odie them and perilous, ase ]k) ^et emte]) pe herte of hiie gaode.
they arenot^wj ^^^ ^^^t ^ ^7^^ / ^^ ydehiesso / as J)o / hner-of
JjJJ^JJ^"** behoue)> yelde rekeninge of echen beuor god / ate daye
of dome, ase god zajp ine his spelle. Hit ne is na^t
lite ^ing / ne ydelenesse / huer-of hit behoue^ rekenl
And In the high M^d yelde scele ine J)e he3e cort / ase beuore god / and
S^^'Jr'u "" ^ J>« baronage of heuene.
given or them. j^q i,q ydele wordes me zene^eb ine vif manures. Vor
In idle words one '^ '' /
Binnethin live Jei bye^ zome wordes ydele / huer of Jje tonges byef zup
1. The tongue le uolle / J)et spekej) beuore / and behjude. j^et bye^ ase
[FoLiT.a.] J?e cleper of ^e melle / ^et ne may him .na3t hyealde
dappwof^miii! stille. And yef hi spek^ bisye wordes of ham fet zuo
blefeliche tellejj tidyinges. Jjet zettejj ofte hare herte to
The after-tellers mesayse of ham pet his yhere]). and make]) ^e efter
fools and liars, telleres ofte by yhyea[l]de foles and uor lye3eres. Efter-
± Idle tales and -^Tard bveb be tales / and be uayre zigginges. huer^f hi
fidr sayings. " # / ' # w ,j^ ^
habbef moche of ydele blisse / Jo f et hise conne sotil-
liche zigge / uor ]>e herkneres do wel lhe33e. Eft«r-
8. Jesto and joVes Ward bye)) pQ bourdes / and pe trufles uol of uelj^e / and
iies,^ *° " of leazinges. )>et me clepef ydele wordes. Ac uorzo]>e
Btinking and foul hit ne bye J), ac hy byef wel stinkinde / and wel uoule.
4. Mocking and EftfTward bye J pe bisemeres and pe scomes / J?et hi
J^ ^^^^^^ ziggep ope Jje guode men. and ope alle ham j^et wyllej)
do wel / J>eruore : Jet hi my3ten his dra3e to hare corde.
and uram pe guode Jet hi babe J y-c<mceyued W3'')>dra3e.
J>et ne hjep nAyt ydele wordes. Vor Jou art ase man-
Thonartaaaman- slasbc / vef bou be bine touffc / wybdraast ane man /
Blanghter, if tboa ^r I J r T o f ^ r 7 #
causestany ojer a child wel to done, and god Je can asemoche
S*tby tongue. ' Jank : ase wolde pe kyng / yef pe heddest ysls^e his
zone / ojer his tresor ystole.
J^J^®' Op J3E ZBJWNB OP YELPINGB.
Efterward comj Je zewne of yelpynge / Jet is wel
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OF nVB KINDS OF BOASTING. I>9
grat / and wel uoul / wel uals / and wel vileyn. Hi is wel
grat : Yor hue pet jelpf : he is aperteliche godes ))yef. h« that bowteth
and him "wyle benyme his blisse / ase we z&de hyer-
heuore. )»et is a wel uals zenne. Yor J)e guodes haerof For » mtie wind
he mijte wynne J>e heuene : hi yeue^ nor a litel wyndL
And zuo hit is a wel uoul zenne. Yor be wordle zelf / The world iti«if
, , , ^ hddeth hiiw to be
ham halt uor fol. and uor vilayn and uor nice. % tool.
Ine fise boje byej vif leaues. J>et bye^ vif manure in thu bough are
/»i. r\ * rT» • /* * ^** leavee:
of yelpmgea On is pretent. fe[t\ is to zigge : of ]>mge i. paet-boaatjiig
ypased. pet is ye zenne of ])an / fei zuo blej^eliche pr^^^Ao.
Tecorde^ hare dedes / and hare prowesses, and ^et hi
wenej) habbe / oJ»er wel ydo : o Jer wel yzed. Jto o Jer «• Prewnt-boaat-
is of present pet is to zigge : of nou. ^et is pe zenne of rich«^ nobienaie.
^o : fet najt ne doJ> gledliche. ne ham ne payej wel to ^ p*'""^*^
done / ne wel zigge. bote ase me his yzy^f / oj^er yher^.
pise I ine dede / oJ)er ine speche / and ine zinginge : hi
yelpe^ / and zelle]^ uor ni^t : al ^et hi do]). To ])an
belonge}r ^e zenne of zuichen pet yelpe]} of pe guodes
^et hi habbe)> / oj^er pet hi wene^ habbe / of hare
noblesse, of hare richesse / of hare prouesse. Hy bye^
ase be coccou / bet ne can zinge / bote of him zelue. be TheMboaftereara
.,, . ^ . . . , like the cuckoo.
^ndde is J^e ze/me of )>ise ouerweneres pet zigge]}. ich s. overweening-
wille do J?et / and Jet ich wylle awreke forre. ich wille onawiif<to.^
maki be helles and be danes. I^e uerbe is more sotil ^ Biaming what
' ^ ^ r li right in others.
^t IS of Jan Jet ne mo3e uor ssame ham-zelue praysi.
ac al Jet ojre doj / and zigge J : altogidere uayrliche
blamyej ase njt najt ne him praysej. to Jet hi conne
do and zigge* J)e vifbe is- yet more sotil / of ham Jet »• Affected
huanne hi willej Jet me hise praysi / and hi nolle J Manj folic saj
zigge aperteliche : hi hit make J a najt / and make J zuo wicked and sinfoi,
moche ham milde / and ziggej / Jet hi byej zuo kueade /
and zuo zenuol / and zuo onconnynde : Jrisije more / [FoI. 17. b.]
Janne hi by. vor Jet me ham herej / and hyealde : nor JI^,']'^^*iJ*^
wel bojsam. 'Alias' zayj saynt bemard *huet Jer is hier trtwm.
zorjuoUe yelpinge.' Hy makej ham dyeulen : uor Jet .eivL'deviia, eT
me halt ham nor angles. Hy makeJ ham kueade : uor ^JJ^^USa"^^..
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60 FLATTERB&Sy THE DEVIL's NURSES,
pet me ssolde his hyealde uor good, ne more me ne
may ham wre])! : yanne uor to zigge / uor zope ])ou
zayst zo]). To ^an belonge]) pe zenne of ham pet zechi^
?*k""?to sp^kenien ham uor to praysL and uor to grede hare
pnOw and extol noblesse / be huas moube hi spekeb / and be more
their virtttM. '^ r r i r
hardyliche. «
oriuttny. Op blondinge.
))e blonderes / hjep pe dyeules noriches. ])et his
give fiiek to his children yeueb zouke / and dob ham slepe ine hare
children rad sing ^ f i r i-
them to Bleep. zenne be hare uayre zanir. Hy smerieb bane way of
They smenr the ; o ./ j j */
way of heu with hslle mid houy I 9iS& m.e dej) to fe here / uor fet Jje
"**'* zene^ere hine ssolde guo Je hardylaker. Jjis zenne him
^^"^thb sin *<^®^f • i^® "^^ deles, fet bye)> ase vif leaues : ine J>ise
1. Praising hastily boje. be uerste zenne is of byse blonderes. bet huanne
what is weU said ? '^ rJ Y
Flatterers are the
derll'snurses^who
hi yze^ fet he / o^er hy / |>et hi wyllef beuly / habbe]»
wel yzed. o)>er J»et he hef wel ydo : an-haste him zigge]»
to him-zelue / uor ]>et ha he)) ydele blisse. Ac his kuead
\ riAMT^^^ nolle)) hi him najt telle. Jje o]>er zenne is / huanne fo
litle guodes Jet hire children fet hi dof zouke /ydo/
where there u q^^j y2ed : hy leue)) / and dobblef / and moref hit of
*«th. hiren / al-huet J^er is more of lyeasinge / ])anne of zo J.
And ))eruore. hi byef ycleped ualse wytnesses ine holy
«. Assnmptton of ^^^ v^ bridde zenne is / huanne hi dob onderstonde
goods and graces. ^ * ' '
The folk who as- j je manne / ofer be wyfmanne / bet he heb ine him
same so much
and so deceive mauie guodcs / and graces / huerof he ne heb none
maiiy are called
eharmen. and ]>eruore his clepej holy writ : charmeres. uor hy
becharme]; zuo moche Jane man : Jet heylef[])] ham more/
Janne him zelue. Jet he ylefj bet Jet he yherj : Janue
Jet he yzijt. and Jet hy zigge J of him : Janne Jet hi use J.
4. singing|>i(M06o v^ ucrbe zenne is. bet huanne hi alle zingeb/* Placebo.' bet
to eveiy word or ' ' ' , i ■« , • ,
deed, be it good or i8 to ziffffe : * mi Ihord zayb zob. mi Ihord deb wel. and
bad; or echoing ^^^ ,/, -• j^/,. -
all that is said by weudej to guode / al Jet Je guodeman deJ / o Jer zayj.
or badl by hit guod by hit kuead. And Jeniore hy byej ycleped
ine Je writinge : ecko. Jet is Je rearde Jet ine Je he3e
belles comj ayen / and acordej to al Jet me him zayJ.
by hit guod / by hit kuead. by hit zoj / by hi uals.
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SING MEN TO SLEEP IN SIN. 61
\>Q vifte zenno is / huanne pe blondere defende)> / and 5. Dsfrnding,
excuse]? / and wiye^ pe kueades / and pe zennes / of ham hiding baits or
J)et he wyle ulaterL and ]>emore zuyche byep ycleped ine Thale'gttiity of
writinge : tayles. Vor hi wrej> fe uelj)es of zewne of H^J^?."*'^'**
riche men / uor zom timlich guod. hueruore hi byef
anlicned^to J>e tayle of J»e uoxe / be hare barat / and
uor hare bezuykinge of tedrajynge.
Blondere / and misziggere : bye^ of one scole. Jjise ^^|jj^^*^
byef f e tuo nykeren J^et we uynde}) ine bokes of kende i^^e wykert or
of bestes. Vor hy bye^ a ssewynge of f e ze / Jet me
klepej nykeren. pet habbe]) bodyes of wyfman / and
tayl of iiisssse. and clauen of am. and zuo zuetelich
zingej / J>et hi makef slepe fe ssipmen / and efterward '^^^^''^'^'T
his uoTzuelj]). pet byef J^e blonderes. Jet be hare uayre swsiiow them,
zang / makej slepe pet uolk. and ine hare zenne. hi ^^^rse"^***^
resemble]) an eddre / Jet hatte serayn. Jet yem J more [Fol is. ».]
zuyjere / Janne hors. and ojerhuyl vlej. and habbej ***^iâ„¢'J!!?
Jet uenym zuo Strang : Jet no triacle ne is Jer to na3t hon«b
worj. Vor rajre comj Je dyaj : Jawne me uelj Jane
byte, pet byej Je missiggeres. of huam Salomon zayj /
Jet hi bytej / ase eddren ine bezuykinge. an Jet uenim
sla^J Jri / in one stroke. Jane Jet zayJ. Jane Jet Ihest.
and Jane / of huam he missayj. J)et is Je felliste best g ^^^^^^^^n.
Jet me clepej hyane. Jet ondelfj Je bodies of dyade Jr»^«» <>»<i
men / and hise etej. ]}et byeJ Jo / Jet byteJ and etej eauthem.
Je guode men of religion / Jet byeJ dyade to Je wordle.
Hi byeJ more feller / Janne helle. Jet ne uorzuylj /
bote kueade. Ac hi yemej op to Je guode. hueruore hy Th«y aw iikeUw
bye J anlicned to Je zo3e. huanne hi hej yuar3ed / wel who bitumen in
blejeliche byt men : yclojed mid huyt. Hy byeJ ase OT**wkethebeeti«
Je Ihapwynche / Jet ine uelje of man / makej his nest / J^ ^^® ^^*-
and zuo restej. J)et byeJ Je ssarnboddes Jet beulej Je bough«ofeva
floures. and louiej Jet dong. And Jes boj heJ vif i. Finding of um
leaues. pe uerste is / huanne me vint leajinges.' and pe othen.
kueades uor ojren to arere blame, pe o Jer is / huanne *
' Uazingea ? . ^
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62 LIAAS ARE LIKE THE SOOBPION.
inerwaing the ])et kuead ^et he yher]> of o]»ren / he hit tel]» uor]» / and
wrooff-doing. hit more^ of his o^en. pe ])ridde is huanne he kaenc]) /
intoeTiL *^<i ^^t to najte / alle J^e guodes pet pe man de^ / and
hise dsip hyea[l]de to ane kueade. pw eth ^ane man al
4. SpeaJcing arU 7^^^ f^ o)>i^ i^ ^te]) hine na^t al / ac byt / and nim^
oTothen, a stecL and ^is is pet nerpe lyeaf of ^ise boje / petia
propreliche ycleped todrajynge. Vor he to-diaj]» / and
toheau]) eche daye zom stech of guode / ^et he yhyer])
for when one of oj^ren. Vor huanne me z&yp guod of oj^ren touore
Mother, some MM ^^ •' fth^6way he vint / and zet ames. Vor zope he
toingao^*" jcayjj : Jet is zop. he is wel guod man / and ich hine
louie moche / ak he he]> zuich a lac ine him / and ]»et
They are like the ^^ norjingj). pes is pe scorpioun j)et makep uayr mid
8oorpion,fkiraa p^ heauede. and enneyme]) mid J>e tayla J)e vifte is
whoMtauia hua/^ne he miswent / and went to be worse half, al bet
poisonoae.
ft. Faiaeandan- he yherj / opQT yn^p / ])at me may wende to guode /
others' deeds. and to kueade. and J^eruoro is he uals demere / and
ontrewe.
Lying. LeaZYNQES.
Lying makes a Leazingo uaLsc]) ]}ane man / alse me ualse]^ pe kingcs
sel / OpQT pe popes bulle. and feruore J>et me makej
ualse monaye and ber]7 ualse lettres : ha ssel by demd
The liar Is among ase ualsere / ate daye of dome, pe lyejere is amang pe
among com. nien : ase pe ualse peny amang J^e guode. ase ]7et chef :
The liar u uke amang pe com. pe lye3ere is ylich pe dyeule. ]^et is
his uadcr. ase god z&yp ine his'spelle. Vor he is
The liar, like the lye^ere / and uader of leazinges / ase he bet made be
devil. changethta "^ ' / . , , ,. , / , , /
many ways the ucTste leazmge. and yet he hise makej / and tekj) eche'>
daye. pe dyeuel him ssewe)> ine uele ssef))es. and him
He u Uke the chougeb in uele wysen / bet uolk uor to gyly. Alsuo
chameleon, that
iweth by air, who dej pe lyejere. hueruore he is ase pe gamelos )^t leue J
Mioars has none ^Y P^ ©7^ and na3t ne hef ine his roppes bote wynd.
^^ [Poi'^is. h.] *^^ ^®J ®^^ manere colour / j>et ne hej) non his ojen.
th ***"ma5?Irbts! ^^® f^® ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ smale tuygges : Vor j^er hyep
leazinges helpi/ide and leazinges likynde. and leazinges
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OP THE SIN OF LYING. 63
deriynde. and in ecken is zenne. Vor ase zayb saynt ^- ^** ^^v^t-
^ ^r 'J %. Lies pleadng,
austin. asemoche ase he J)et lyej]) / be his leazinge / de]) s- Li« honftiL
gaod to o]n«n : alneway he de^ his 03ene harm / ]>anne i. Th« flnt sin
-, , , doM harm to ths
|>e leazinges helpinde . bye^ zenne. Ac ^ leazinges mmnwhobgnuty
likinde. byej) more grat ^ne / ase byej> J» hyejinges J"^..«oond ■in
of ]>e lozeniour. and of Je gememen / and of ^ scomeres. JJJ^Ti^^JiJi!^^^
j)et zigge^ fe bysemeres. and j)e lezinges. and J>e Ihej- u«toptoM#fi>ik.
inges uor to solaci ^et nolk / ine ziggynge / and ham to
harkin : is zenne. hit ne is non drede. Ac be lyazinees '• The third iini»
, . , ^ r J o dMMlly. whether
denynde : bye]) dyadlich zenne. huanne me his zay]) it be in thought
wytindeliche / and be ^jte* / uor to do harm to o^ren. ^i us* uojto]
To ^ise bo)e belonged alle ualshedes / and ^ gyles / to tu* bough be-
and })e contackes. f et me def in al ^e wordle uor of ren J^e?*Md^
to gyly a^d harmy. o]>er ine zaule /ofer in bodye. ojer ^J^^'J^
ine guodes. ofer ine los / huych fet hit by.
Of JpE ZENNE OF LYE3ING& Of the tin of
lying.
Kvead bing hit is to lye^e / ac more zenne hit is hi^n **««io»y »■"ror**
• . '' f I thaii lying.
zelue uorzuerie. and f emore oure Ihord hit zuo moche
norbyet Perilous fing hit is to zuerie. ac ni^t uor
fan / f et ine no poynt me ne may zuerie : wyf-oute
zenne. ase zayj> J>e bougie. Ac uor fan f et of te zuerie : f ''"'!^''**^ ^
makeb ofte uorzuerie / and ofte zene^L Vor ine zeue There are wven
nodes of swear*
maneres me zueref. Yerst huanne me zueref boldliche/ ing:
f et is [in] onworf nesse/ and blef eliche. f et hit f ingf / fet ' ■^••™«"
him hit likef to zuerie. f eruore hit uorbyet saint lacob.
*ne zuerief najt : bote huanne hit is nyed.' ac Jet wyl : •• Needfu swear.
is be lecherie * uor to zuerie. Efte7*ward huan me zuei^b «• Wght swear-
' tag.
li^tliche / f et is uor na^t / and wyf-oute scele. f et is p hs. uuxiherWi
uorbode ine fe of re heste of f e laje / f et god wrot ine
fe tables of ston / mid his vingre, Eft«^ard huanne ^Hawtuaiswear-
me zueref be wone : ase at eche worde. Vor fer byef
zome zuo euele yta3t : f et hi ne conne nof ing / zygge
wyf-oute zueriynge. Jjise habbef god in to grat on- h^^ood ta*oM-*
worf hede. huanne al day / and uor najt / him clepief to *•"*»*•
wytnesse / of al f et hi ziggef . Vor zueriinge ne is non
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64 FOOLISH AND FALSE SWEARINO.
o^er ping : Jeanne to clepie god to wytnesse. and his
5. Fooiiflh twrar- moder / and his hal^en. Eft^rward huanne me zuere])
^v^ ' foUiche. and ])et yualp ine uele maneies.. O^er huanne
me zuerej) be tyene / and sodaynlyche / huer-of him
in raah pTomisM, uorf ingj) efterward. 0})er huanne me zaeref uor ping
]>et me ne may najt healde wyp-oute zenne : zuich of
in bold MMitions me ssel broke : and do penonce nor bane fole ob. Ober
without beiog ^ '^ '^ '
certain of tiM huaTine me zuereb zikerliche / of binge bet me nis na^t
trntht
ziker / yet paj hit by zoJ>. Oper huanne me behat
In promising what zikerliche pet me na3t not / yef me hit may uoluelle.
one cannot ftilfll; ^. , u v i. • / v
and swearins by Oper huanne me zuerep be pe sseppmges / ase me zayp.
pne't'haadr&cl ^ f® zo/ine pet ssinp. by pet uer pet bemp. oper by
myn heued. oper by myne uader zanle. oper opre pane
ylych. Zuyche opes god uorbyet in his spelle. Vor
pet ich ssel maky ziker : ich ne ssel najt dra3e to
[FoL 19. a.] wytnesse / bote pane heje zop. pet is god pet al wot
najt pe clene sseppes / pet ne byep bote ydelnesse. And
^iiie worship- huawne ich his zuerye be boite : ich here ham ane
ping the oreatare "^ * ^
Instead of the worpssippe / pet ich ssolde here to god onlepi. Ac
huarzne me zuerep be pe ^ godspelle : me zuerep be him /
pet pe wordes byep / and byep ywryte. And huaT^ne me
zuerep be pe holy relikes / and be pe haljen of paradis :
me zuerep be ham / and be god pet ine ham wonep.
Sod'IIIdhS^^ Eftcrward huanne me zuerep vileynliche by god / and
^'^^ by his hal3en. ine pise zenne / byep pe cristene worse /
panne pe sarasyn. pet nolden zuerie ine none manere /
ne nolden polye / pet me zuore beuore ham / zuo vileyn-
Thoee guilty of lyche / be lesu crist : ase dob be cristene. Hi byeb
this lin are wone •^ ' * ' ^ >
than the Jews who more worse banne be gyewes : bet hine dede a-rode. Hy
cruoiiled Chrtit. t ^i f
ne breken non of his buones. Ac pise him tobrekep
smaller : pawne me dep pet zuyn ine bocheria Jjise ne
uorberep najt oure IheuedL and pise his tobrekep more
vileynlaker : and hire / and pe opre hal3en / pet hit is
It Is a wonder wonder : hou be crtstendom hit boleb. Efterward
how Christendom * ' *
beareth them. hua/ine me zuerep ualslicha oper huarme me berp ualse
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THE SEVEN BOUGHS OP STRIFE. 65
wytnesse. ober me zuereb uals / wytindelyche. ine 7. iwm swearing
, , ^ . ^ ' '' â– ' ^ andfalaewitnasa-
huyche manyere / f et me zuere]> ofer openliche / o])er log.
stilleliche be art / oper be sophistne. Yor ase ^e ii3te
vrytes ziggep / god ]>et loue)) Mueknease / and zo])- God iovm meek-
nesse / yne zuyche wytte onderuang]> fane of / and onder- "•" " ™ •
stant ]>et word : ase lie hit onderstant / f et ne f engf
najt bote guod, and J>et muekliche / and wy]H)ute stryf
hit onderstant.
Mochel is grat godes myldenesse. huanne zuyche Great u God*a
mildiiMa, when
men fet zuenef of fmge fet hi wytef wel : f et ne is men swear
na3t zof. ofer behote}) fing : fet hi nele ^ na3t healde. ^f^ooe^fi
fet fe dyeuel hiw ne astranglej) hastelyche. Vor Porwhen<me
huanne he zayf : zuo god me helpe. ofer zuo god me help/* and if he ue
loky. and he lyeje : he dej> him out of J>e helpe / ©ut^'ofthe paie of
and of lokynge of god. nou ssolde he be rijte / lyese ^'**^'" â„¢*'^*
wyt / and ondeistondlnge / and body, and guodes. and
zaule / and al fet he halt of gode.
)?e laste boj of fise zenne is : huanne man agelt his The last bough of
treujje / and Jet he hef behote* / and y-granted. ofer num ainneth *" *
be his treuf e. ofer be his ofe. Vor trtjufe yloje / and 2d againat^hto
oJ> ybroke : is ase hit were al on. ^^m. bobote]
ChEABTE. Strifb.
Saynt auinistin zayb. bet nobing zuo moche ne ys stH/e is uke the
, , T ,. /, \ . t % ^ devirsdeeda,
ylych to f e dyeules dedes : ase cheaste. pes * meyst^r aaith Augustine,
huer-of ne is non drede : payf moche fe dyeule / and
najt ne payf god. J>et ne louef bote pays / and onynge.
Jjes boj him to^elj) ine .vij. ofre bojes. Huer-of fe SSSJ.'SrSt:
uerste is : strif. J>e oJ>er / chidinge. J>e fridde / J- swfe
missigginge. J>e uerj)e / godelinge. J?e uifte / atwyt- 8. Evil speaking.
, J . *. Slandering.
inge. pe zixte / freapninge. pe zeuende / vnonynge 5. Reproaching,
arere. Huanne f e dyeuel yzijf loue / and onynge 7] Discord, *'
amang uolke : moche hit him uorfingf. and uor ham SetolllLt^e'''*
maki vnonynge : he make]) blefeHche his mijte ham ^* ~°~'^^
uor to do striuL And fe dyeuel beginf fet uer of heteies to raise
5 It is not clear whether )>«« or )>t> is the MS. reading.
5
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6C TBE SETE5 BaUGBS OF STRIFE.
vueb k fcOowcd tyeue. / and eael wyl nor to becleppe^ pume efter fei
by«
onemy lo the gtrif / and be chea;ste : comb be novse / and be cheaste.
other, "HottK" r r - i w
"XKk^wAuc Al / alsno hna/me me aly^t ]wt ner: Ihap^ ^t smech
" It WM MA ml" efler )w lay! Stiyf / and cheaste / and htianne )w
on zayj> to fe ojren : * zuo hit is.' *zno hit ne is.' *ruo
hit wes' / *ruo hit nes.*
1. chidiiv to Chidinge is : hnaiine evder lyexne^ o]>ien / o^
greate wordes. Efter ])an come}) ])e myssigginges. ^t
fajM atoffigiw
•harper thju ft
CFoLu.b.] ifl hnanne ^ on peyne]> ^aiino])Ten / and ngge]> J)e
1. Aneriispceker greate felonyes. Vor fer is a feloun fet hej) )« tonge
more keroinde : )>aRne rasonr. more zuyfter / ^ne
arwe ulyinde. and more boryinde : ])anne zouteres eles.
He !• like the zuyche men byej> anlykned to \% J>om-hog. ])et ys al
hog;, with ite y^vry^e myd prikyinde eles, and hit is to moche fel /
ournght^uidieft. *^^ ^^® ^* ^ wroj). And Jeanne hit is of-tyened : he
He to Uke « fierce ^^^^ ^^* ^^ *^^^^ ^^ ^^^ hodye : ari^thalf / and a lefthalf.
^^^Jj;^ Alsuo he is anlikned to J>e felle dogge. fet byt / and
'*^^- beberkf alle J>o pet he may.
4. Slandering. Eft/JTward comep J>e godeiinges. J)et is hnanne J»
on godele)^ ])anne oprene. And }>et is zuo grat zenne / pet
pe wrytynge zayp : pet huo pet godelep his emcnsten :
Slanderers Are he ys acorsed of god. And saynte paul zayp. pet zuych
uolk ne moje habbe godes ryehe. And Salomon zayp.
Their immth to M pet hare moup is : ase pe wy^te pet ualp ine hot wetor.
fuirthintoVot \^^ ^^^ V®' / ^'^^ \^^ • ^'^'^ scoldep alle po pet byep
5. ReprwMjhing a Efterpan comep pe wypnymynges / pet byet yet
foTnee^powty,** ^^^ gratter zenne. huawne me atwyt ane man / oper
poor kin, Aa j^jg zewnes / Oper his folies / oper his pouert^ / oper his
poure ken / oper opre lac * pet is ine hi7».
6. Threatening to Efterward ZUO comep pe preapnynges / and beginnep
^^. pe medles / and pe werres. Ac aboue alle pise ze^mes
pet we habbep hyer ynemned : pasep pe zenne [of]
Above all theiine l^am / pet be hare kueade tonge / sostyenep / and
iheeinofthoM arerep pe strifs / and pe euele Mrylles / betuene ham
who by their evU ' ' ' ' •/ /
^ default has been erased in the MS.
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OP THE SIN OF MURMURING. 67
pet hjef uiyendes togideie. and Jo fet miswendef pet ^^^"^^\
pays, and pe onynges. Grod hate]) moche ziiych uolk •vii wiu.
and zao zAjp pe writinge.
Of GROCHINOE. J>ET is op hut J>BT NB DAR NAJT mumSIJ'^**'
ANSUERIE.
Ofte we hit yzej) come / Jet pe ilke Jnst ne dar an- ^["^^J^,^
suerye / ne chide. Jet he beginj to grochi betuene his o' their fanita
te J. and gruiiny. Vor efter Je chyaste ; we zettej Je wmi grunung.
zenne of grochinge. Hon grat is Je zewne : ous ssewe J
wel Je wreche Jet god kan nyme. ase recordej holi
wryt. Vor bise zenne / onleak be erbe / and uorzual; Forthi»«inun-
^ ^ I y r I y locked the earth
datan and abyron. and villen doun al kuic in-to helle. «»d «waiiowed
, , / , , , Dathanand
An nor Jo zenne / zente god a uer /^ Jet uorbemde kore : AUnun.
and alle his ueli^es. CC.L. of Je gretteste of godes ost
ine desert. Vor be ilke zewne uorlore be yewes bet land *•<>«• thiadn the
y r J r Jewaloet the land
of beheste / Jet god ham hedde behote. zuo Jet of zix of PromiM,
111,1 All ^ '**•* ®*" ®'
.0. Jousond / Jet god hedde ykest/ out of Je Jreldome the six handred
of Je kinges cf egipte. and Jet he hedde yloked : uourti came out or
year ine desert / myd Je mann6 of heuene. ne yede in- ^^ '
to be holy londe / bote tuo / wyboute mo. bet hetten only t^© (Caieb
y '^ ' ! ^ ^ , and Joehua) lived
calef: and losue. ac alle hi storuen in zor^e : ine Je to enter Canaan,
desert
J>is zenne hej tuaye bojes. Vor Je on : is grouch- J|^h8° i!Mni^^
inge aye god. and Je ojre aye man regnej. Jjis zenne ^^l m^up-
is ine uele maneres / ase ine sergons aye hire Ihordinges. ing egaiMt man.
ine wyfmen : aye hare leuedi& and ine children / aye in many way«»
hare uaderes / and hare modren. Ine poure : aye Je againat their
riche. and Je Ji'elles : aye Je kny^tes. Ine leawede : against their
aye Je clerkes / and aye Je prelas. and Je cloystrers : J^gt^^lI^T**
aye Je abbottes. and Je pnours : and hire officials / ase ?•«"**» *«•
BubpWor. and Je o Jre. And wext Je grochinges ine alle t'^** ^' ■•^
zuyche persones : o Jer of onbo^samnesse uor Jan Jet me *^^ *• t^« ««>i*
is to hard ine hestes. ojer ine sleauje / uor Jet me is to »ioth,orimpar
sleuuoL oJer of inpacience / uor Jet me ne dej ne^t
alle Je wylles. oJer of enuie. oJer of felonie. uor Jet
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68 THE DEVIL'h BONOS OF HELL.
me auonce]) more ])e on : ^anne ^e oj^re. and manye
o^re kueade roten.
Mandasirw tobt Grochinge aye god hef yet nou ynoj mo enchey-
S^'imnot\'te^ eoiins. Vor man J>et hep uorlore grace / and Jjolemod-
Illidiit HimT"" ^®8®6 • ^® ^^® ^y niayster ope god. zuo / pet / al god
and sioffoth the dep ine erbe : bote yef he hit ne do al to his wylle : an
devU'BMus. , ,
haste he grochep aye god. and zyngp pet pat^r noster.
The Holy Ghost to tokne. VoTzobe ac be dyeules zang. Vor ase be holi
makeUi hischoMa r r j o t
ting of the twMt gost tokp. and makep his ychosene zinge ine hare herten
***"** ' pe zuete zonges of heuene. pet is of pe graces of al pet
The devil maketh he deb. and of al bet he us zent Alsuo be kueade gost
his diBciplee aing .
the long of hell, makep his deciples zinge panne zang of helle. pet is
e., gru ng. grochinga pet eure ssel yleste ine helle. in al pet god
dep / bote hit by al to hire wylle. Vorzope mochel is
zuych a man fol / ant out of his wyte / pet wyle pet me
him yelde scele / of al pet he hep ydo / yef me him zent /
Theymnramr aduerset^. pouert6. ziknesse. dyere time. rayn. dnupe.
egainit God for '^ .
every advenity yef me yef p him / and benymp hit opren. bote yef hit
ne by do al to his wylle : he hi?^ niymp anhaste to
What wonder i» grochi aye god / and him euele ponkep. huet wonder is
ven««ance upon hit / paj god him awTckp of zuyche uolke / pet wyllep
â– lich folk I
him benyme his Ihordssip / and his wyshede.
Ofoppoeltlon Op WYJJSTONDTNGB.
(rebeUlooa oon-
wiSitandin ia Kvead ping is grochinge : ac more is wors / wyp-
wonethangmdg- stondingc. wypstondynge is a zenne / pet comp of pe
herte pet. is rebel / and hard / and rebours / and dyuers.
ThUainiaieenin pet alueway wyle pet his wyl by do / and his zygginge
bow to none, by yhyaldc. pet wyle / pet alle pe opre / bou^e to him.
and he ne bou^e to nonen. Jpis is pe harde herte :
huer-of Salomon zayp. pet he [ne may najt fayly : of
whose hearts are kued eude. And ase ber is grochinsce aye god. and aye
rebellioos to God , . - / o ./ w j
and man. ii^i^ '" alsuo IS zuych herte rebel to god / and to man.
Thu sin hath Jjis zcwne hep vour bojes. Vor zuyche herten byep
that appear in the rebouTs / and rebels / red / to leue. to done godes heste.
chastinge polye. and techinge onderuonge. Yef §nye
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THE CONDITION OF THE REBELLIOUS. 69
of hare uryendes ham wyllep rede, and hare ureme i. They rebel
Bffftinst the advice
Bsewy. nsgt ham nollef yhere. rafre uor Jet hi habbef of frkmds.
yspeke. hi dop ]>e more ble))elaker fe contrarye. To ]>e 2. Th«y are i«bei-
rede of oure Ihorde : ofbe hi bye]) rebel / yef me ham chrut.
ret ping: Jet by to helje to hire zaulea. ne nojyng
nollej do / erjan me gabbej of ham. And foe hy s. Th^ are rebels
byej rebels / to Je heste of oure Ihorde / to huam hi heeuofovrLoi^
byej) yhyealde. and zuo moche ham zet beuore f e dyeuel
of toknen. o Jer of fyeblesse. ojerof elde. ojerofye^eje.
ojer of ojre kueade sceles. Jet alast : hi ne doj ni^t.
Efterward huanne me his chasteb / and wybnymb. hi ^ ««*» ^
themaelvee when-
ham defendej ase Je bor / zuo Jet hare folyes ne be- erer oomoted.
knawej. and Je more Jet hi ham excuse J : Je more wext
Je zewne. And zuo hit is huanne god his beat / and whenOodohaat-
chasfcej. and maugre hy wytej. and zyggej ofte. onjank SlS ttjjr'w^
Jan : and Je ojren / * huet wyle god me do. huet habe evUagainat Him.
ich him misdo 1 ' )?os de J Je fol. and Jet him ssolde
by triacle : to him went in to uenym. and Je medecine : ™ 1 •« v -1
him yef J Jane dyaj. Efterward Jer byeJ zome of zuo 4. Th«y usten to
diuers wyt / Jet none guode techinge ne onderuongej. ^tmoTL^'
ak alneway weiyej hare sentense huet Jet hit by. zuo ^^^^^ ***
Jet ofte hi uallej ine errour. and ine ualse opinions, and
ine eresye. and ine euele byleaue.
Of BLASFEMTES. or blasphemy.
Blasfemyes is ase zayj saynt austin. ojer huanne 25te!ll^J!*^f
me ylef J and zayJ of god Jing : Jet me ne ssel yleue / ood what rae does
ne healde. oJer me ne lefj najt Jet me ssolde yleue. Ac believe,
speciallyche we clepie J hyer blasfemye : huanne me specially is this
missayj of god / snd. of his haljen. oJer of the sacre- speak evii of ood,
mens of holy cherche. Jjis zenne ys ydo ine uele aJnxamt^^
maneres. OJer huanne me hit zay J be Jojte. ase doj Je JJ^JJi^v^wT "^
bougies / and Je mysbyleuinde. OJer me hit zayJ uor
couaytise to wynne. ase doJ Jise charmeres / and Jise
wychen. OJer huanne me hit zayJ be tyene / and be ^^ j^ ^j^^
despit ase do J Jise playeres / Jet zuo uyleynliche who wickedly
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70 FOR TO LEARN TO DIE.
tannk chiiat'i tobreke)> lesu cristes bodj. and ziio Qileynlicbe mis-
sigge]) of god an of his blissede moder / ^t hit ia
ThMefi>ikartiflr« dreduol and zone to hyere / and Iheste. bise byeb ase
mad hounda, that ^ - # - * #
biu and know not wode boondes / fet hiiep and ne knawe]) najt bare
IbonL pia zenne is zno grat : ^t god bis awrek^ oyer-
buyl apertelicbe ase we babbej> yzed beuor© / f o we
This tin Ood has speke of wyckede nolke. Of Jjise zenne zayj> god ine
declared ihall noi
beforgiren. bis spelle / pet bit ne ssel by noiyeue: ne ine )»se
wordle ne ine J>e opre.
or the 10 dns of Xou we babbeb ytald ten manere zennes of fe tonge.
tno ConffUOa
tiM lit b idianeH banno is be ueiste : ydebiesse. and be laste : blasfemie
and the laat bias-
phemy; and be cas bit is fei Salomon zay]>. pet pe begumynge
foii^l^end of pe kueade tonge : is f olie. and pe ende : to knead
error.
errour.
Here end the HyoT ende]) pe zene dyadlicbe zennes / and alle hire
bo^es. and huo J>et wel bi7;» stud^ de)^ ^ ine ]>i8e boc : be
No man can keep myite mocbe profiti / and lyemy / and knawe echo
himself quit of ^^ •.,,.,,
them unless he manyeie of zenne / and hiTTz^zelue wel ssiyne. Yor non
ne may him wel ssriue / ne him loki nram zenne : bote
he his ne knawe. Nou sscl Jeanne pe Uke / pet ine pise
boc ret yzy diligentliche to by yssriue. and him loky
Of those sins that be his myjto. Of obre zennes bet he ne is na^t trelti :
he hath not com- . , , -
mitted, let him he ssel heiye god and him boisamliche bonky. bet him
thank God for pre. , . , , , f " r
serving him from hej) ylOKed.
For to learn to VoR TO LYERNY STERUB.
die.
toSabie^to'iw*' Onneape sterf / pet ylyemed ne hep. Lyeme to
INoutoaperw sterue : banne sselt bou conne libbe. Vor non wel
eapiUle.^ ^ ^
He is a irretoh libbe ne ssel conne : bet to sterue ylyemed ne heb.
who cannot Uve . , .„ . ,
nor dare die. And pe like aiyjt IS ycleped wrechche : pet ne can
lybbe / ne ne dar sterue.
Yef pou wylt libbe vriliche. lyeme to sterue gled-
liche. Yef pou me zayst / bou me hit ssel lyemy : ich
This life is but ^* ^^^ \^ 2igge an haste. Jjou sselt ywyte pet pis
aTeJimior*"*" ^y^- ^® "^ ^^ ^y^f- ^^r ^^^\ w a wendinge. and pet
1 MS. Btudedei»
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WB ABE EVER DYING. 71
ech wot. and ^eruore me zay]> of ane manne haanne lie
sterf)) : lie went And hua/me he is dyad : he is ywent
J)is lyf alsuo ne is hote a wendynge. uor zoJ>e / uor zope :
a wendinge wel ssort. Yor al ^t lyf of ane manne / fa} aii um ufe or*
he leuede a ])oiisond year : yet ne ssolde by / bote UTttdsthooMnd
onlepy prikke : to pe zy^pe / of J)e oJ>pe lyue / >et eure SIJc!^!iiSu»
wyjjoute ende ssel yleate. oper ine zorje : o^r ine ^Ji*'«^"^**>»<"»^
blisse / wyJ)oute endynge. ^^ „ ^3
J)is ous wytnesset wel pe kyng. J>e erL f e prince, pe tm* bemr »
emperonr. ^t ^e blysse of pe wordle : hedden zomtyme. miIs, princes, tc,
nou ine helle : wepep / and grede]). yelle]>/ and zor^e]). bUMintiM/orid,
*A. alias : huet is ous worJ> oure pouer. wor^ssippe. andyeUiTheS^*
noblesse, richesse. blisse. and host al hit ys ywent / If'l^''^^'^
wel raj^re ^anne ased : of er uo3el ulyinde. o])er qnarel "y* *'"'^!^ *â–
of arblaste. And bous geb al oure lyf. Nou we were th^iow,
' ' we were born, aod
ybore : and an haste dyad, ne al oure lyf: nes ni^t bote diedinhMte;
a lyte prikke. nou we byef ine zorje wy|M)ute ende.
Oure blisse / is ywent in-to wop. oure karoles : into oar bitea is tum-
zorje. gerlondes. robes, playinges. messinges. and alle and"our^arou^'
guodes byej) ous yfayled.' Zuyche byep Jjo zonges of gudi't!!rih"e
helle. ase pe writinge ous telj). ous uor to ssewy : Jet ^"k* <>'*»*"•
J>is lyf / ne is bote a wendynge : wel ssort. and ])is
wordle : ne is bote wendynge. and libbe ne is bote * a [» ms. bato]
wendynge. Jeanne ne is libbe : bote sterue. and bet is To Uve is bat to
die.
zop I ase pater noster. Vor huanne Jou begonne libbe : when we begin
■•_,-, /ii.ii 11*** ^^'^^ ^* begin
annaste pou begonne to sterue. And al pui elde. and al to die.
pine time / pet ys yguo : pe dyap pe hep ywonne : and
halt. J>ou zayst pet pou best zixti year, pe dyap hise we say we bave
sLzty years, bat
hep. and neuremo his nele pe yelde. Jjeruore is pet death has and
will never yield
V wyt of pe wordle folya And pe clerk zyinde : ne them.
1 yzyjpnajt. Day and ni3t / makep o ping, and pe more pet
hit makep : pe lesse zuo knawep. alneway steruep : and
hi ne conne sterue. Vor day / and nyjt : pou sterfst /
as ich pe habbe yzed.
Yet eft ine opre manure / ich pe teche pise clergie.
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72 DEATH PARTS 80UL AND BODY.
Dwth Is a Mpar- bet bou conne wel libbe : and wel sterue. Nou yhyer :
and body. and onderstand. ]>e dya]> ne is bot a todelinge of )»e
zaule : and of J>e bodye. and pet ech wel wot. Nou oua
Cttton the wtae tek]> fe wyse catoun. ' Lyeme we' z&jp lie * to sterue.
the ghoet from todele we ^ane gost of ])e bodie ofte.' pet deden fe meste
often M> did the "^8® of f ise philosoplies pet Jis lif zuo moche hateden /
who^hadn? ^n»ce *^^ J® wordle : zuo mocbe onworj^ede. and zuo moche
JJ^**'**' wybiede lyf najt dyeadlich. \>et hi westen be hare
wylle. ac hit nes ham n«^t worf . Vor hi ne hedden
non grace / ne fe beleaue of iesu crist. Ac fe holy men
^^•^J*^* fet louiej) god / and yleuej) / Jwt of J>ri dyeafes / habbef
TNut hH ^® *^*y^ ypased. Vor f er is dyaf to zenne : and dyad
dvaffa.] to pe wordle. Nou abydej) ])ane ^ridde dyeaj). yet is pe
to tin and a death todi^tiuge of be zaule : and of be bodia Betuene ham
totheworld. â– , , . , , ,
The third death u and paradys ne is bote a lyte W03 / pet hy agelte]) be
the soul from the ]>enchinge / and be wylnynge. and yef )>et bodi is of pia
Amtiewaii ^*^* f® ^®^® / *^^^ f® g^st : is of o])erhalf. J>er hy
JJ^^^^^^ habbej) hyre bleuinge / as zayj saynte paul. hire solas.
Their thoaghto }x]xe blisso. and hire conf ort. and alle hire lostes. and
are in beaveot
and they hate thia j)eruore : hy hatyej) fis lyf: fet ne is bote dyaj). and
death. wylnej fane dyaf bodylich. Vor J>et is damezele bere-
blisse / ]>et pe dj&p / })et alle pe haljen coroune]) / and
do]> [zettep] in to blisse.
[Hwt i» dva\>.} Dyab is to guodemen : ende of alle kueade, and
Deathtogood "^ '^ ^
menieendofau gate / and inguoynge : of alle guode. Dyab is be
evIU and com-
menoement of stream : f et todelj) / dyaf / and ly£ DyaJ / is of fis
eveiy emng. j^^ -^^ j ^^ ^^^ hslf, Ac pe wyse of ])ise wordle )>et
of piB half pe streme yzyef zuo brijte : of of erhalf hi
ThewiMofthit najt ne yzef. an peruore his clepep pe writinge : foles /
world are fools
and blind, and yblent. Vor feme dyaf : hi clepief lyf. And
fane dyaf / fet is to f e guoden / begumynge of liua :
for they call death hi hit clepief / fan ende. And feruore hy hatyef zuo
to5y*^itiw end. ^oche fane dyaf. Vor hi nytef huet hit is. ne of
[Foi. 21. b.3 of erhalf f e streame ne habbef najt ybleued. and najt
ne wot : fet out ne gef .
If thou wut know pmue yef f on wylt ywyte huet is guod / and huet is
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BEND THT THOUGHTS INTO HELL. 73
kuead : guo ont of bi zelue. guo out of be wordle. lieme ^»»* »■v^ "nd
^ r fi r what U evil, go
to sterae. todel bine zaule uram be bodye be bo^te. zend oatofthyaeir,
J ./ J y diTlde thy •ool
)»me herte in-to )^ o)^re woidle : ])et is to heuene. into ftomthebodj,uid
helle / in-to pni^torie. })er Jon sselt^ yzy : hnet isguod Sto the^iSlet**^**
and huet is kuead. Ine helle })ou S8el[t] yzi mo zor3e8 : JJiS[ m^ «id^r-
])anne me mo3e deuisy. Ine pt^T^torie / mo tormens «****'y-
)»anne me mo^e ]>olya Ine paradys / more blisse Jaime
me mote vylny. Helle be ssel teche / hou god awrekb Hen ahaii teach
, „ , -r> . , , , thee how Ood
dyadlycn zenne. Furgatone : Je ssel seawy / hou avengea deadly
god clenze J veniel zenne. Ine heuene ]x)u sselt yzy purgatoiT >hau
openliche / hou utrtues / and guode dedes: byej venJaUto u''^
he3liche yolde. Ine Jis Jri Jinges : is al Jet is nyed Jj^i^mthoa
wel to wytene hou me ssel conne libbe / and wel ^^^^^owgood
•^ ' deedaarere-
Sterue. warded.
Nou loke eftzone a lyte / and ne tyene Je ns^t / to Fox^thybodj
Jise Jri Jinges. uorjet Jou lyemest to hatye zenna to^eUta^hTiife^
Voryet Ji body / ones a day. guo in-to helle ine Jine SSuntoh^Thy*
libbinde : Jet Jou ne guo / ine Jine steruinge. J)is dej ftjj^
of te Je holi man / and Je wyse. )>er Jou sselt yzy : al There shait thoa
Jet herte hatej. and bevlyjj. and de£Bkute>of alle guode. aii that la good,
^ yno3 of alle kueade. yer bemynde. brenston stinkinde. e^ifb^ingHxB,
tempeste brayinde. voule dyeulen. honger. and Jorst : S^^foiJ'd^g,
Jet me ne may n«^t stonchi. dyuerse pines / and J^^^^JJ^
- wepinges. and zoi^es : mo Janne herte mo^e Jenche / "** â– omm.
ne tonge telle, and eure ssel yleste wyb-oute ende. And wherefore this
. .« , n V 1 . . Borrow lecaUed
Jeruore is Je uke zor^e wel ycleped : dyaj wyj-oute death withoatend.
ende. And huanne Jou yzixt Jet hit behoue J zuo dyere
abegge onlepy dyadlich zenne : Je woldest Je rajre lete
be vlaje quik. Janne Jou dorstest / to onelepi dyadliche
zenne consentL
. Eflerward guo in-to pwrgatoriie. Jer Jou sselt yzi Je ^J,:JJJI3f*^V
pines of be zaules / bet hyer hedden uorbenchinge / ak to purgatory,
* ' * ' " I ' and eee the pains
nere naat uolliche yclenzed. nou hi do J Jer / Je leuinge of thoee who were
, , , t ' -, I I ' , - not here Ihlly
of hare penonce / al-huet Jet hi bye J / bnjte / and cleansed of their
clene. ase hi weren ate poynt / and ate time / huanne hi
1 MS. BMlelt
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74 OF VENIAL OR LIGHT SIN&
" fa yeden out * of fe welle of cristninge. Ac ye ilke penonce
fpitij wDiA hud*
J8 wel grislich and hard. Yor al ]>et eure J^oleden ^e
AU thai roMxijn holj nuirtires. opBT wyfmen Jet trauayle J of childe / of
wonMnwithehUd, zor^e : ne ys bote a hep ine chald weter : to fe reward
cotdwvtorinoom- of fe fomavse : huprinne bemej fe zaules. al-huet hi
AuMMwiMrdii ^y®f yclenzed. ase gold al yclienzed* ine fe vere / me
uuj burn. ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ pawne yclenzed. Vor pet uer is of zuyche
kende / al pet hit Tint ine pe zaule of gelte of ded& of
speche. of po^i^ / ])et yemep to zenne : o])er lite / ojer
moche : al uorbem)i/and cieazep. and ])er byep yponyssed,
Venial tins are and awreke : alle aen3ral zennes. ])et we clepie]) : litle
do oft zennes. }>et we do)) ofbe / and smale fole ])03tes. wordes
ydela trufles. scomes. and alle ojre ydelnesses. al-huet
hi by worfe : to guo in-to heuene. huer ne gej) in najt /
S^ ta*dJLSS?r ^^ ^* ^y ^3* hriyL pet ilke uer dr©de]> Jo. Jet by
tboee who keep liaro myjte ham lokej uram dyadlich zenne. and loke J
and bodies. holyliche hare herteiL and hare bodycs. and hare monjes.
and Je vif wyttes uram alle zenna and zuo libbej / ase hi
ssolden echedaye to dome come to-uore god.- And Jeruore
2Sr "''i ^^* f®^ ^^^ ^® °"^y libbe wyjM)ute zenne. Vor aSe zay J Salo-
for good men mou : zouezijo a day / ual J Je guode man. and Jeruore
a day, be holy ssrifte / and be tyeares / and be benes : hi doj
tcars/ud prajen ^Siie m^to ham zelue to arere / and to amendL and ham
uIw.'iSTfiif^i^ zelue zuo deme : Jet hi onderstonde to uol^i Jane laste
Sis! ***• ^ **' dom. Vor huo hier him demj zo Jliche : him ne worj no»
hede to by uorlore : ate daye of dome. And Jus me lyeme J
kuead to knawe / an to beuly / and alle zennes to hatye /
and grat and smaL and onderstonde Je holy drede of
Holy dread of God god / Jet is beginnynge of guod lif : and of alle guode.
is the beginning i i ■■«
of good life. Ac hit ne is najt yno^ to lete Je kueade^ : bote me
We most learn lyemy Jet guod to done, and bote yef me zeche be mr-
notonlytoewhew , . , ,
evil, bat learn to tues / uor wyj-oute ham : non an3t wel ne leuej. panne
yef Jou wylt lyemy wel to libbe be uirtue : lyeme zuo
ase ich Je habbe yzed / to sterae. Todel Jine gost uiam
?^^Wlv >"^® ^^y® / ^® >^3te / and be wylninge. guo out of
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OF THE BLISS OF PARADISE. tO
]^ise wordle steruinde. gao in-to be londe of ye libbynde / Go oat of tui
. *r, T / ^ 1 , ^ . ' - J « ^^^f** dying, and
J>er noR ne sterf|J)] / ne jeaAaef, pet is me paradys. per go into the land or
me lyeme^ wel to libbe / and wyt / an corteysye. uor ^ '
Jer ne may guo in : no uyleynye. J>er is blisfolle JJ^JJ***** *^
uela3rede of god. and of angles, and of balden, fer whew i» tho bUit.
tal commttnion of.
opwexef alle guodes. uayrhede. ricbesse. worbssipe. God,ofanifeu,
« i. . andofsainta,
blisse. ujrtue. loue. wyt. loye wyjjoute ende. Jjer ne is where u neither
now ypo<»isye. ne barat. ne blondinge. ne discord, ne .trife, uatteiy,
ennya ne honger. ne forst. ne bete, ne cbele. ne knead. h^J^JbT
ne zoT^e. ne drede of vyendes. ac alneway festes and
kinges bredales. zonges. and blisse wy^oute ende. pe
like blisse is zuo grat : Jet buo ])et bedde ytake J>er of Thewiaaiaao
sreat that one
ennelepi drope / of ]>e leste ]^inge ))et Jer ys : be ssolde drop would in-
tozicate,
by of fe lone of god zuo dronke : pet al ]>e blisse of pise
wordle / him ssolde by / drede : and wo. Eycbesses : «> th«k riohee and
' "^ ' •^ bononr would be
dong. worjjssipes : uoulbede. and fe ilke to greate lone •o««ntedwoeand
pet be ssolde habbe to come per : him ssolde by an
hondred pouzen zipe pe more bardilicbe batye ze^zne.
and louie m>tu«s. pet is al pe drede of belle, buer-of
icb babbe beuope ispeke. Vor loue is more stranger: Loveiaatronger
than fear,
panne drede. And panne is pet lyf uayr / and oneste :
panne me beuly3t / pet kuead / and me dep pet guod.
na3t uor drede / uor to by yspild : ac uor pe wylnynge »«* the love of
of beuene. and uor pe loue of god. and uor pe greate from dn.
clennesse : pet u/rtue bep. and guod ly£ And pe ilke
pet loue ledep : be zekp rapre / and lesse bim costnep /
panne bim pet seruep god : be drede. Jje bare yemp. The hare nm-
pe grybond bym uol3ep. pe on be drede: pe oper be hoond rouowoth.
wylnynge. pe on vly3p : pe oper byne dryfp. J>e boly ^neth^aTS
man yemp ase gribond. pet babbep alday bare e3e / to 5jj ^S^^V*!*
beuene : huer hi yzyep pe praye : pet hi driuep. And fo,^te*h iu dlH
peruore by uoryetep alle opre guodes. ase dep pe gentyl ■« doth the hound
bond : huanne ha zyp his praye / touore his e3eiL fore hi* eyea.
Jjis is pet lyf / of pe wel louiynde. of gentil herte / This la the ufe of
and affayted. pet zuo moche louyep utrtue : and hatyep genUe hearty
zenne. pet yef hi weren zykere / pet me ne ssolde his
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wbo dull hsT*
tiMfaUMofPan-
76 OF GOOD AKD EVIL.
conne / ne god ne ssolde his awieke : ham ne daynede
CFoLtt. k] lui^t / to do zenne. Ac al hare ^nchlnges/ and al haie
wyllia : hire herten clenliche loki / and agrajfi / pet hi
hy worf i : to hahbe fe blisse of paradys. huer no cherl
northtoTihau ^6 88^ come in / ne uals. ne J>ye£. ne proud, uor ^e
*"**' worse ssolde by Je uelajrede.
Howtoknov'good HOU ME 8SEL KNAWB GUOD AND KUEAD.
andcrfl.
ToUvtarigiitoM Nou ich be habbe ysseawed / hou me tekb wel to
mast Mek Tirtoi^ ,
sterae / and lede guod lyf. Ac you sselt ywyte / fet fe
b^ynnynge uor to come to guode lyue : is to zeche
andknowwiiat it mrtuo. yet is ])et me knawe / ni^t onlepilyche huet is
what is wrong, zenne / and huet is elmesse : ac yet me conne ri^t wel
knawe / and deme : huet is kuead / and huet is guod. and
uor to dele yet zoye guod : uram ye o^ren. and])etgTeate
A thing that one gtiod / uram ye little. Yor ying yet me ne knau^ na3t
nSthrted^OTdL**, ^® ^ yhated / ne ywylned. And J)eruore sselt fou
^'^ ywyte be fan yet ye wrytinges zyggef : J>et yet bye])
zeue smale yef|>es of god / yet me clepe]> ye smale
guodes. on lite / an oyer grat / and zo))e. An onlepi-
liche hjey guodes arijt. huerof al ye wordle ys nye^
begyled [ftezuyke]. Vor hi yeuej) ye greate guodes : uor
This world u as a f e little. Jer ye lesse / uor ye little, of er ye greate / uor
maay foal chap- f © l^sse. Vor pis wordle is ase a feyre / huer byej>
theviattB cfST manye fole chapmen. J>et of alle finges / hi knawef ye
Th^H I Ghost P^^P^ uirtue and yet worf. yet ous tekf ye holy gost /
teacfaeth as to and uon obcr maister. He ous tekb to knawe be create
know the preeloas '^ . '^ '^ J'
things from ths bingcs uram ye uttle. ye preciouses / uram be viles. be
vile, the sweat .
from the aoor. zuete / uxam ye zoure.
Timely (temporal) QP TIMUGHB GUODES.
goods.
The imaii goods Hy clepief fe smale guodes : ye guodes of time / ye
tane. **'' guodes of fortuue [hap], and pe leuedy fortune : went
JcbrnS^eth ^^^ ^^®?®1 ®«^® ^^y^ I ^»<1 benymj) / and yefj). and
dJy.'gi^M u!^ went yet is aboue : benefe. yet byef ye smale stones of
***"** ^ *S"* ^'^ ssynynde. and ye conioun his bayf uor rubys. uor
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OF TEMPORAL GOODS. 77
safyrs. oper uor emeroydes. Jet byej as iueles to chil-
deren. Jet god ous yefj / oub to solas, and uor oure Godgiv«iutime-
loue: to dr£^e to him. uor Jet lie wot Jet we bye J fortu*. '*™
fyeble / and tendre. and hyealde we ne mo3e his.
effcerward / wayes of pouert^ / of zorje / and of martire-
ment / ase dej Je guode godes kny^t. Jet Jane kyngdom Riches an not the
true hspplneis.
of heuene paynej be strong Je to wynne be his prouesse. porwere it m^
)>anne Jise ne bye J : ne grete guodes / ne smale aiy3t. be a tool, that
J>anne wes a fol lesu crist goddes zone. Jet cheas pouerte. „dh!£m«%id
and ssame. an efterward : he uorzok / blisses, worjssipes. ^J^d^,JSJi.^°*
and richesses : yef Jet byej Je zoje guodes. p&nne ne
byej najt / alle zoJe guodes ine heuene. Jjanne ne is
najt god parfitliche yblyssed : Jet ne vzej na3t zuyche
{modes, banne is god ontrewe / and onkende / bet bise Ood would be on-
^ i^ © / I r r true and unkind,
guodes benymj his urendes. and hise yefj more large-
liche : to his yuo. yef Jet byej zo Je guodes : Janne the Mints and
weren foles alle Je haljen. and alle Je wyse clerkes. aufooia,
and Je greate filosofes. Jet Jise guodes beul03e / and
onworjede / ase dong. Yef Jet byej zoJe guodes:
and Ood would be
liar.
Janne lye3J god / Jet lye3e ne may : and holy wryt. "
Jet bise clepej / leazinges. and ssed. and metinges. and
uanites. nettes. and bendes. and Je dyeules grines. and The gifu of for-
Jet is zoj / aze pat^ uostet, Yor Jet byej Je dyeules deru'a snare
ginnes. huer-by Je zaules ine a Jousond manures he jSteS^soiiT
gylej / and nymj / and bynt / and halt. [Folm. a.]
Ac Je wyse chapman / Jet is Je guode man / Jet Je The wise chnp-
holy gost aly3t. be zoJe beknaulechinge / Jet ouer al worth of each
him knauj / huet ech Jing is worj / and yzy3 J hit ri3t ^^'
weL Hi onderstondej / Jet al Je wordle ne is na3t a
guod snode : uor mannes herte to uelle. and Jet Jer is They see that
moche kuead : and litel of guod. And Jeruoie huo Jet in the worii***^**^
lokej Je perils / and Je kueades Jet Jer byej / and
wytej Jet hit is zoJ : Jet hi conne zigge. he Jet ne
yefJ / Jet he louej : he ne nym J / Jet he wylnej. Hy
makej to god ane handuol. uor hi yeueb be wordle : uor
heuene. na3t / uor al. hor : uor gold, and letej al uor world for God,
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78 or THE uasEB G0011&
odbMon* g,jj. nchesse& lostes. wor^ssipea. and become)* ponre.
poor.
pet is fe ua^iiste Ivf / an ^ zykeriste : ^t is ine ^ise
wordle.
TbcraavflUwra f)e ojre bjef / fct yiej / J>et ine uele manures hi
vbo HMikf' jraod
vaectnebm, mc^B do bate proa / of gnodes of time, fet me may bise
babbe : ak najt to mocbe loaje. Vor god ne bat na^t /
vhohdidthrmfa al to letc. bj bise ofbjealdeb : ac litel bise piayzeb. bi
• UlttecalMm. .. • * ^^ #
bise xuef : ac litel bis loaje^. ase dede sajnt Abraham.
lob. and daiii]>. and uele ojn^ pet pe perils beuloje : and
deden hire profit / of fe guodes fet god ham lende : bi
They wnre God couben ho^B heuene. bi couben hire zennen uorbeg&ce.
with their vetttth. j ^^ m cjo
and belpe bare nyxte. Hi co]yen more lou ye god / and
beiye / and JyonkL worj^ssipie. drede. and yleue. uor
Th«y aee their pe greate perils huer bi byej» / and ham zelue pe more
and their deitets. bou^e / hua^ne bi jzep bare fieblesse / and bire poure
lone / and bare defautes. bua;zne ]>ane stray te way ne
dorren gao. bxianne zuo lyte wyllef nor god jwlye / and
Thejvooid rather J^ue / ]tet ZUO moche ]K)lede / and let nor ham / yef bi
worid*. goods ^6^ ^^ wytyef / ak 8t[r]ang bit ia. Vor bit is. wel lijter
JJjJJJJJJ^^',^ ping : alle pe guodes of pe wordle lete / at on tyme uor
of God. gQ^i . janne his ofhyealde / and na3t louye.
or the iM goods. Op JjB LESSE GUODES.
il^crfWn'JSdtf ^ ^^^^ guodes / bye)» of kende : and of techinge.
teaching. Qf kende : ase uayrhede of bodye. prouesse. Btreng])e.
strength, Ac; ' zuyfthede. myldenesse. clyer wyt tile^pe. onderstond.-
u»rning."^id y^ge. and alle zuyche guodes J?et kende berj?. Bo tech-
"*""*"' • inge ; ase grat clergye. ine alle oJ>re guodes : ])et me
wynj? be studye / o)»er be guode wone / ase bye)» guode
feawes / and zome u/rtues. , Ac J?ise ne byej? najt yet
like mJJftdiy ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ guodes : uor hi ne makej> n^t J?ane / J>et
good, bise hejj uollyche guod. Vor manye filozofes / ober of
for many philoso- x v i i / i a ^ / , «
phers, clerks, greate clicrkes* / and of kynges / and of empe?'ours /
had muoh'of such P^^ bedden mocbe of zuyche guodes : byej> ydampned
Si^id to heu. "^® ^®^®- Afterward / zuyche guodes yefj) oure Ihord
> MS. cherka
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OP THE TRUE GOOD. 79
alsuo to his uyendes : ase he deb to his nryendes. to o^ i^"^ g\^^^
'' r J rach goods to Hit
sarazjns / and to ualse cristene : ase to j?e guode.
Efterward / hit ne is najt zo)) guod / J^et fayle]> / and
J)et me may lyese wylle he nolle he. and J?et )»ieue8 ne
mo3e stele, ne robbere benime. alneway ate ende : dyea];
his benymj?. Efterward / zoJ?e guodes helpej> eche
daye / and ne harme]) nenre. Ac uorzoJ>e zuyche thm goods never
guodes / and zuiche graces wyf onte : doj? ofte kuead / Mere*OTtward
and hannej) ham / )»et hise habbe)? / bote hi hise ne SCTTiftSylSwM
wel nsy. And hua;2ne hi ham yelpej> / o]>er hi ham ^^^j**?^*
prode)» / and of ren hy onworJ)eJj. Vor J?e ilke to huam ftii.
god heb yyeue be Hke graces / and be ilke guodes / bet ifwedonotuse
uiffht Ctod's Rifts
ich habbe beuore ynemned god uor to serui. and helpe
his nixte. bote yef he hit ne vsy treueliche : he ssel
by ine fe more gratter torment, and straytlyche him we shall receive
behouej? rekeni. and yelde scele to god / ate daye of ment.
dome.* of )>et he he)» ydo. and of J)et he he J) ywonne /
of J?e guodes )>et god hiw hej? ylend : uor to mory.
Op J)E Z0]}E guodes. or the tme goods.
Nou ich J?e habbe ssortliche yssewed / huyche byej
J>e lyttle* guodes / and J?e midel guodes: nou ich J?e The true goods
wylle ssewy huet ys ])e zo]>e guod arijt : ])et make]> ]>an that hath them,
f et hise he]> : guod. and wyJ?-oute ham : non ne wes
neure ari3t guod. J)et guod me clepej) : godes grace, and
uirtue. and charite. Grace: uor bet heyaf / helj?e. and They are grace,
. . virtue, and cha>
lyf. and zaule. uor wyJ>-oute fise guodes: fe zaule is rity.
dyead. Vor ase J?et body is dyead wyJ>oute zaule : ^hJ^^^^^***"^
alzuo is f e zaule : wy)>oute godes grace. Hy is ycleped of God.
uirtue : uor J?et hy worJ>8sipeJ> J?e zaule myd guode she is called vi>
workes / and mid guode )>ewes. Hy is ycleped charity : oan the soui with
uor J)et hy ioynej) f e zaule to god. uor charite ne is non |jf i7»iiJd
oJ?er J?ing : f awne dyere onhede. J?et is J?e ende / fet is ""^^J^^^
J>e perfeccion / and )»e guodhedde / huer-to we ssolle ous toQ«d-
dra3e. Moche weren f e egypciens deceyued. ]>et is to
zigge / fe yealde filozofes fet zuo byzylyche desputede / The old phiioso-
1 MS /f/HfiA s MS. hiltU ^**^" ** ^
^ MS. domo s MS. lyltU
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80 THREE KINDS OF GOODS.
gTMtMtiroodiii and zojten huet wes )»e he3este guod ine piae lyua no
or in riches, or In neure no my^teu liit yynde. Yor zome hit zette ine loste
B!rt*8tPiiui»fty« 0^ ulesse. pe opTQ : ine rich esses, and ofre / ine oneste
Suui^theqnaen ^^' ^^ f^ greate filozofe saynte paweL ^et wes ynome
oJj^[2«JJ^|^ in to pe fridde heuene / and pasede alle pe ojjre filo-
zofes / ous proue]; be uele skeles. J^et pe hejeste guod
ine Jjise lyue : ys pe kuen of mrtues dame charitd Vor
he zayj) wyJ?-oute hire : non oJ?er guod / ne is worj).
and huo ]7et ])is he]> : he he]) alle pe o]?re. and huanne
When All other alle be obre guodes fayleb : bis ne faleb nait. and
gooda Ml thle r j ^ ^ w i r ?
fkueth not. aboue alle ]?e o])re greate guodes ])et bye)) : ])ys is p^
Iheuedy. Jjawne is fis )»9t gratteste guod : J)et is onder
heuene.
OrthrMmannen Qf bRI MANERBS OF GUODB.
ofgood. ^
And hueruore wylt J?ou ])et guod / J?et is ycleped
Then are three rijt utHue more louie / and zeche aboue alle o]>ren :
1. Uonottnbie. J'is ich wylle yet eft / his wor]? ssewy. Me can todele
«. ft^au^te. f^i manere guodes. guod / worjjssiplich. guod / lostuol
toe*w ri^L^ °' ^^^ ^o^ \ UTemuoL nanmore ne is of guodes. ne zofe.
None desire them ne ydele. bote bise bri maneres. and J?et bou yzist open-
nnless thej be
either hoboarabie, liche. Of be guodes of be wordle / bet non ne wylneb /
pleasant, or pro- x « s t w ^ m t
fltabie. ne louej) noJ>ing / bote yef he wene : f et hit by hi?w
eth*theflret, the worf ssipuol / oJ>er lostuol. oJ>er urewuol. J)e proude :
Sirdl*iindthe ^^f f^^g worf ssipuol. J3e couaytous : J?ing uremuoL
vSwi^mW^i^ Jje lostuol: Jing lykynda And alle )»et J)ise zechef
the honourable, ydelliche : is ine uirtue / zof liche. Vor ui'rtue is J?ing
the proAtabto. yf^ worjjssipuol. lostuoL and uiemuoL
Of virtue. Of u/jrruB.
virtna is honour- J?et uirtue is worJ>8sipuol : fet my;t Jou ysy ine
su^thingB are J*^ maucra Zyx J)inges byej> ine J?ise wordle moche
ywylned / uor J>et hit )»ing)) J?et hy byej) moche worjn
desired because
[Fol. 24. 1
they are honour- gsipuoL uayrhede. wyt. prouesse. myjte. vridom. and
1. Beauty, 2. wit^ noblessa )?ise byej> zix wellen of ydelnesse. )?anne
4. mijfht. B. free- ydelo blisse is to moche. Vayrhede / is |)ing mochel
doin, 0. nobleness.
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OF WIT AND OP CLERGY. 81
yloued. uor J>et is f ing moche yworfssiped. And najt
iior])an uayrhede pet )>e e^e of J?e bodye jzy^p / and
lone)), is ))ing uals / ssort. and ydel. Yals : yef he ne is Beanty ippeaiB to
nayr. ne J>e ilke uayr. ac oure ejen byejj fyeble / pet ne *^*'
zyejj bote pet skin wyjj-oute. Jjanne huo J?et bedde pe Had we the eye of
zyjj?e ase he J) pe lynx / J?et me clepej) o]?erlaker : should tee each
leucemere. J>et yzy^p J?or3 fane wal alouer. ha ssolde yzy fwiof dung.
openliche / )»et non uayr body / ne is : bote a huyt
zech iiol of donge stynkinde. and ase a donghel be-
snewed. Efterward bis uayrhede is ssort. uor zone hit b»u^ aoon &ii«
'^ '' and withers.
faylej? and ualouwej ase fet flour of pe uelde / anon ase
Jje zaule him todelf . al pe uayrhede fet / fet body hej? :
be zaule hit yeaf. and uor be zaule he hit heb. beruoie Heiaafooithat
^ "^ ^ ^ r ^ r<doloeth on ac-
he is fol / )»et of uayrhede of bodie him glede]>. Ac pe count of his faii^
uayrhede of pe zaule: is uayrhede ari3t / J?et alneway Beauty of the soui
wext and neure ne ssel fayly. J3et is pe zof e uayrhede / ^^^^ ^^ aii wii
hueruore pe zaule to god like]? / and to J>e angles pet **^«*°««^
yzej? pe herte. Jjis uayrhede yelt / and yeip j to pe J*f^ b~^***
zaule : grace, and uMue. and loue of god uor hy re-
formef / and agrayj)ej> / and hi7?i yelt his ryjte pryente.
J>et is pe ymage of lus sseppere / fet is uayr wyJ?-oute ^^J^^jSJ^^^^fe
comparysoun. and bet best hiw anlykneb ; mest is uayr. eoui that hath per-
. / , . ,1 fectly Its right
)?anne f et uayreste piTig ])et ys onder god : is pe zaule / thape.
]7et h&p parfitliche his ri3te ssep))e / and his ri^te bri3t-
nesse / colour of flour, brijtnesse of* zonne. ssepj?e of [iMaoe]
man. lykynge of preciouse stones. And al J>et pe e^e of
herte yzyb of uayr : is uoulhede and uelbe jtope zy^pe Nothing in the
woild may be
of him and al Jet me may onder gode Jjenche of uayr : compared to it.
hit ne may na^t by ycomparisoned to him.
Op WYT / AND OP CLEREGYB. Of wit and of
learning.
Cleregye and wyt / byej? J?inges moche jrworfssiped. ciergy andwit
, It! 1 *** things much
Ac yef f ou wylt by wys an3t and heje cleregye lyemy : honoured,
make bet bou habbe bet zobe godes guod. bet is / grace / ood's grace i« the
, ^ '^ / ' ^ , ' ' ° 'true wisdom that
and uirtue, uor fet is pe zoje wysdom. J?et alyjt pe herte enughteneth the
,, , , heaitofman.
of maiL ase dej? pe zonne pe wordle. pis wyt pasej) pe
6
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children that a«ek
only their own
will.
82 THB world's wit is folly.
Thu wit pflMeth wyttes of pe wordle / ase def Jje zonne : J>e brytnesse of
world, which b Jw mone. Vor yef wyt of J?e wordle ne is bote folye
* ^' ase zayf fe wrytinge / and childhede / and onwyt. folye
Tiioee who love ine ham : J?et fe wordle louye]? / and liire uayrhede /
think the moon to J^et hi ne conne yknawe / ]>ane day : uram pe ny3t ne
deme betnene grat / and smaL betuene precious / an
viL Hy wenej) of pe mone : J)et hit by pe zonne. nop
hi wenej) of pe worJ?ssipe of pe wordle : pet hyt by pe
zojje bliase. of ane epple : an heL uor hi wenej) by pe
wordle : ]7et hit by wel grat ^ing. ])et to pe zi-^pe of pe
Thvy mistake a heuene ne is bote an eppeL hy weneb of a gles : bet
glass for a sap-
phira. hit by a safir. uor hi wene^ ))Qt hare my3te / and hare
8trengJ)e : by wel grat. fet more is brekynde / and |
Th^y live like fyeble : p&nue gles. Efter pe chi[l]dhede / |)et pe wyt of
pe wordle / and J>o Jjet byej> zuo wyse to loky pet body /
and to eysy / and to delyty / ]>et libbej) ase children.
In each folk is ^et ne zeche]) bote hare wyl to done. In znych uolk is
[Tol. 2i. b.] skele dyad, and f eruore / hi libbej) ase bestes. uor hare
They are like a wyt is al myswent / and conipt ase J?e zuelj of pe zyke /
IhlTprTflre a**"^' ^J>®' ^^ f^ wyfman grat myd childe. )»et more hi uynt
"^hwtontoaL* sniak in ane zoure epple : J)a»ne ine ane huetene Ihoue.
and J)Gt child in ane cole : J)anne ine ane guode mete.
They cannot be- Alsuo zuych uolk ne moje yleue / J)et J)er by more
more bliss in serv- l>lisse / and lost / ine god to serui / and to lonie : pSLune i c
M^ta^thS^iwn ^ ^^^® f® ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^*®- ^^^ ^^ ^® conne deme /
lusts. betuene zuete / and byter. Efterward / pia wyt / is
onwyt. ine J?an J)et byej> zuo moche sotyl ine kuednesse
to uynde /ine oJ>ren to gyly /and deceyuL oJ)er be playt /
ojer be streng)»e / o^er be barat. |)et hy ne J)encheJ> / ne
studiej) / bote ham zelue to auonci : and oJ)ren to barmy.
Their wit is the J)et wyt is pe dycules wyt / ase zayj> saint iacob / J)et eche
that each day daye him uondej) / of ren to barmy. Ac pe zope wyt / ^^^
to^ wrong.*" t^^ f® ^oly gost tekj? to godes uryendes / is ine knauynge
wy^uto wyf nimynge / J)et ech ping is worj). hit ssewej
world is Idle, fet pe wordle is ydel : ine byinge. vyl : ine worf . biter :
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ITS RICHES ARE WORTHLESS. 83
in siiiac. bet be blisse of be wordle : is vdeL be it« rich* «« viie,
' ^ ' J r and lt« lusU aw
richesses : viL ]>e lostes : bitere. wtur.
Efterward he yef> to y-uele / fet fe loue of god / S,^~i^;*r
and u/rtue / is zo)> fing / and of pris. ZoJ>: uor hi '»®*^'
noluelj? fo herte / and norisset / and sostyenef . of
pris : uor me may god / an al J)et he hej) : begge.
Zuete: nor J?et is )» mawne / fet alle fise finges makef {^^^r®^^^***
zuete. zuynch. 701368. tyeaers / and wepiwges. ssames. tw*. ana weep-
martires. and alle pinen. and al f et me may J>enche. J)et
is ]>e zuete sucre / and of guod ssmak. and ]>et is J?e
wy t / and fe wysdom / fet J>e writinge clepejj / worf - it is the '^jj f»*
ssipuol wysdom / huerof wext zoJ?e blisse ine inwyt. honourable.
Efter m'rtues / an charites : he yef)> zof e prouesse. [Zo)»« protMew.]
f anne fer nys prowesse arijt : bote ine godes knyjtes / True prowew
J)et Je holy gost heJ y-dobbed / and y-anned / mid uirtu / ood'e knighu.
and mid charity. Ine pronesse byef Jri J>inges to-dold. in this prowess
I "7 hardyesse. streng^e. an stedeuestnesse. Kon ne is aryjt strenKtb, and
preus: fet fise fri finges ne hej». )?et ne ys hardy / and
zyker / to greate J>inge ondemime. Strang / and my^tuol /
uor to uoljy. zed / and stable : uor to uol3y. Ac wy)>-oute
wyt / and wyJ)-oute porueyonce : ne bye^ najt worj) non
of f ise J)ry J)inges. Vor ase zay^ J?e hoc of J?e art of kny^t- in quarrels an
hod / ine ofre quereles huawno me mysnymj hou f et rectified,
hit by uounde myd amendemewt. Ac errour ine batayle / mistake m*y not
ne may najt by amended, uor hi is anon a\\Teke.
Fole op-nymynge is huer lite p?'ofit lij?. and moche c^o^ <jfm(m<mr«.l
cost, and of p^/il. and of payne. Zueche bye J) fe Tiie world's
opnymynges / Jjet me clepe}) prou*. and hardi / ine fise ©0*7^"
wordle / fet body / and zaule brengej) in-to zewne / and
J?e guodes also / and ine peril / and ine payne / uor a
l3rte lost to habbe : J>et mochel is ydel / and litel ylest
Ci MB. OS]
Ac uzrtue makeb man of ^ create herte / and of wyse virtue makes a
' . . , . , , man bold In heart,
opnymynge ]7anne hi make]) man ]}et ne is bote er])e / so that he aspires
zuo hardi / )»et he dar opnymo : J)e regne of heuene to Z^^ ^\
Wynne, and alle f e dyeulen / J)et byej) zuo stronge / to heaven.
6 ♦
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84 THV GREATNESS OF VIRTUR
ouercome. Jjis opnimyngo : is guod / and wys. hner
fer is lytel peril / and litel of pyne. and blisse. and
Hewhotowithoat wor]>ssipe wy]>-oute mesuie. Huo \fet ne he]; utHue :
greia oonra^ he ne he^ grat herte / ase hep \)e ilke fei he]) drede of
•dvewttiiroVSt ^*3*- Zuyche byef ^o Jet zuo moche drede]> f e kueades
^"***- and J>e aduerseies of ]>e wordle. and Jjet habbej) drede
uor to lyese : j)et hi ne mo^e na^t longe hyealde. ha nef
na^t grat hcrte Jet hit yefj uor na3t. ase doj Jo Jet
yeuej hare herten to louie Je guodes of fortune / Jet
ine zoje : ne bye J na3t / to Je zi^ Je of Je zoje guodes of
HeiHMftchiid blisse. ]}anne zuych uolc byej ase is Jet child / Jet
who Ukes a mirror , . . i . •• i
better than a king- louej more ane sseawere : Janne ane kingdom, an eppel :
virtue maketh a J^wne al his kende. Ac u/rtue yefj grat herte ari^t.
!!^d"to diTp^M thJ ^^^ virtue makej wynne heuene : and onworji Je
world. wordle. grat berdone of penonce to here, and alle pe
kueades of Je wordle onderbere. and gledliche Jolye.
and uor god to leste / to alle Je asaylynges of Je dyeule
ao that he ta no wydstoudc. And ase zayj Je wyse seneke. Kajt ne
ad^temity than habbej more of my3te aye Ui'rtues / kueade mysfalles /
of niJn.* ^^ ^^^ zor^ea j ne al Jet fortune may Jreapny / an do :
virtue makea a more Jawne Jer byeJ dropen of rayn ine Je ze. Virtue
auon^trong m" makeJ man hardi / ase lyoun. Strang / ase olyfont.
IteiSft£*i'*the** stedeuest and lestinde / ase Je zonne / Jet alneway
•^"' yernj / and ne is neure wery. Jawne Jer ne is prowesse :
bote uirtue.
Might, Myjtb.
No true lordahip Alsuo Jer ne is non zobe Ihordssip : bote ine utrtue.
but in virtue.
A grat Ihord he is : Jet to huam al Je wordle semej.
[ifaiMief \hor4r Zuyoh Ihordssip / yefJ man grace and uirtue. Vor hi
— I zet man spiritUellyche ine his ri3te stat / huerinne
Man waa made to he W68 uerst ymad. \>Q man wes ymad ine zuyche
tune, worjssipe / and ine zuyche Ihordssipe : Jet he wes
Ihord of alle ssepjes / Jet were onder heuene. and to
huam : alle Jinges bojen / and to huam nojing ne
my3te deryo. and Jet is Je ri^te stat to man and to his
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MIGHT AND FREEDOM. 85
Ibordfisip. Ac pis Ihordssip he leas be zeTUie. ne he hit bat he loit this
najt ayen ne mijte awynne : bote be uirtue. Ac UiVtue virtue puu«u*
arere^ ^ane man an he3 : and Iwn dep pe wordle onder- on^usAwt.
not / and him de]> wende to heuene.
Virtue make)) fane man/ more arijt Ihord of pe virtue inak«e»
Disn more a loFd
wordle : pfmne by pe kyng/ of his regne. Yor of pQ thuiisthejcing
gaodes of pe wordle / he hej> ase moche ase his hei-te ^ "
wylne]). )?er is his wone / and his sustinonce / and al
jH3t he wyle habbe / more ynoj / Jjanne habbe pe kyng.
nor al f et habbef pe gaode / and pe kuede : al hit is
his. Vor of zuo moche makeb his proii / and of al hire R causwhim to
f ^ I 61^07 ftU things.
god / and povikep, and more loue]? / and drede]) / and
seruef . ine pei he yzi^]) / and knau]? / pet alle ssep])cs
byef ymad hini uor to serui. Efterward / he he)» hi5^eiT?e"of°'
ano|>re empire / uayr / an grat / wyfoute J>et non ne ys Jj*?^"^
aiyjt Ihord. uor he is emperour of him-zelue. Jjet is of
his bodye : and of his herte. huiche he dem]) / and halt
ine guode payse / huerof he dej> his wyl. Vor his
herte is zuo bli)»e to pe wylle of gode : f et al f et god Hi" *»»»* ^^'
deb : al hit is hiw uayr. and berby heb he alneway : be hiebodyUgovern-
vIl- jvx-uj vVu ^^ e odbythewUlof
herte me peyse. and Jet body gouemef be J>e wylle of ood.
god / and al J»et god dej) to his bodye : he yelt J)onkes / [FoL u. b.]
and hym pay]), and Jjet is pe Ihordssip / Jet mrtue yeff ^^jJI^^!^S?f
to Jan ]>et hit hej. Huerof specj senekes Jet zayj. suta.
Ase moche worjssipe / and grat empiret^' of Je kynge /
by empcrour of Jy-zelue. A god uele bye J Jer kynges / Th«™ •» """y
and of barouns ine Je wordle / Jet habbe J casteles / ron that have
outlee uid cities
cites / and regnes / Jet ne habbej na^t Jis Ihordssip. who have not tus
Jjet of hare herten : ne byej najt Ihordes. Jet hyse ^
tormentej ofte. ojer be yre / ojer be euel wil. ojer be
couaytyse / ojer be wylny[n]gges. Jet by ne moje najt
uoluelle.
*VrID0M. fpeedom.
Efterward / non ne hej uridom : bote he habbe
grace / and utrtue. \>9.nne yef Jou wilt conne huet is
> So inTiS.
There are three
sorts of ft«edom.
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86 FREE-WILL COMES FROM GOD.
uiidoin arijt. Jjanne sselt J)ou onderstonde J>et fe man
i.ofWnd(n«tare), heb bii maneres of uridoiiL be one of kende. be obre of
«. ofgraoe^S.of ' ' '
biiM. grace / ])e ]7ridde of blisse.
1. Prw-wiu to do J3e uerste is uri-wyl / huer-by he may chyese / and
do / uryliche ofer J?et guod ofer fet kuead. Jjerne
Thta freedom uiidom he halt of god zuo uriliche )»et non ne may hi/rt
oomeB from God,
and the devil can- do wrang. ne alle ]7e dyeulen of helle ne mo3en ms^nes
against his wiiL wyl strengj)! to do one zenne wyf-oute his wylla Vor
yef man. dede })et kuead to-yeans wylle : hit nere non
zewne. Yor now ne zene3ej) ine fet he ne may na^t
bevly. ase zayf saynt austyn. vridom habbef alle men.
ac hit is ybounde ine children / and ine foles / and yne
wytlease / f et ne habbej) nenne skele / huer-by hi
cowne chyese : f et guode ura7;i J>e kueade. )>eme
Man loses his free- uridom be man benymb him-zelue ine crat del. huanne
dom when he sin- ^ ^ '^ °
neth deadly, he zenejejj dyadliche. uor hiw-zelue zelj> : uor fane lost
of fe zenne. and hiw-zelue yelt to J?e dyeule / and
andbeeometbthe becomb his brel to be zenne. zuo bet he ne may hit
devil's thralL *
uorJ?rawe to his wylle / pot he hep jrmad zyker : bote pe
grace of god hi?^ helpe.
8. Freedom of )3e oJ)er uridom is Jje ilke / pet habbep pe guodemen
Those have this in piso wor[d]le / pet god hep yvryd be grace / and be
ffrnw^rvirtiw ^J^'^'tue / uram pe preldome of pe dyeule and of zenne :
JuvwS.' M ^ i^® ^yef preUes. ne to gold / ne to zeluer / ne to
hare caroyne. ne to pe guodes of fortune / pet pe dyap :
ne may benime. Ac hy habbep hire herten zuo arered
They care not a ine god : bet hi ne prayseb be wordle : bote ane botoun
button for the ® ^ v j y r
world, and dread and hi ne dredep kyng. ne erL ne non misual. ne
earl, nor ufo tior poucrte. ne ssamc. ne dyap. uor hi byep half deade. and .
habbep pe herten zuo to-deld uram pe loue of pe wordle :
pet hi abidep and wylnep pane dyap / ase dep pe guode
but desire death workman his ssepe. and pe lezere his heruest and po
as the reaper longs ,
for harvest pet byep me WO of ze : guod port, and pe prisons : hare
deliureonsa and pe pylgrym : his contraye. and pise
byep stedeuestliche vri / ase me may by ine pise wordle.
thing but God. Vor hi ne leuep / ne dredep noping bote god. and byep
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NOBILITY OP THB GENTLE HEART. 87
ine greate pays of herte. uor hy hys habbej) yzet ine
god and bye]) nye^ ine paraclys be wybiynge. And ]>e
iike vrydom : com)) of grace : and of m'Hue.
Ac yet eft bis vridom : ne is bote breldom / to be «• Thathw fret-
zy3j>e / of J»e fridde uridome. Jet habbej) Jh) ^t bye J) than the other
nyej deliuied / of bodye / and of al. and myd gode '
byej / nou ine his glorie. fise byej) zo]>liche viy. nor
hy byej) delyuied of aUe wo / of drede / of deafe / and S^^^JS^^^J
of zenne. of wanhope. of gyle, and of J>e wordle. of ^"^f^'Jj^?**
zone, and of alle pyne of herte / and of bodye : wyb- of death, flpom tin
^ '^•' ' " ^ > and Mrroiw, for
oute comynge ayen. of huyche finges / non ne is ury they are now in
ine ))ise wordle : huet hi is y-do.
Noblesse. ^**"*y-
Hvo ))et ])ano]>rene uiydom huer-of ich habbe yspeke
niy3te habbe : to greate noblesse hit ssolde come. )>e Tme nobaitj
oometh of the gen*
80))e noblesse / com]) of ])e gentyle herte. Vorzojie ue heart.
non herte ne is gentyl : bote he louie god. Janne J)er ne
is non noblesse : bote to serui god an louye. ne vyleynye : The gentle heart
, . . . I "I ^ loves God and
bote me ])e contrane. ])et is god to wrej)i / and to do
zenne. Non ne ys ariat gentyl / ne noble / of be Noonehoideth
right noMllty
gentilesse of ^ bodye. Vor ase to ^ bodye : alle we from the body;
bye J children of one moder. ^t is of er])e : and of wose. dren ofone
huer-of we nome alle : uless and blod. of ])o zide : non JJJ^^i^udL
no is arijt gentil / ne vri. Ac oure ri3te uader / is J^^SrfSwT
kyng of heuene / Jet made )>et body of Je er]>e. and
Bsop Je zaule to his anlycnesse an to his fourme. An
al ase hit ifei of Je nader ulesslich ])et mochel isblij^e /
hiianne his children him byej ylycL al-zno hit is of
oure nader gostlich / Jet be wrytinges / an be hi6 zondes /
ne let ni^t ous to somony / and bidde / Jet we zette ■"^?*'*°^iSll
payne : to by him ilich. and beruore he ous zente his to bring os the
tmepattem,
blissede zone Ihesn crist in-to er]>e / uor to brenge ous whereby we are
Je zo Je uorbisne / huer-by we bye J yssape to his ymage / image and lur-
and to his uayrhede / ase byej Jo Jet wonyej ine his "•"'
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88 OP TRUE NOBILITY.
heje cite of heuene. pet hyep pe angles / and pQ
baljen of paradis / huer ech is pe more he^ / and pQ
more noble / ^e more propreliche )>et he ber)) ]>e ilke
The hoi7 mmn In uayre ymage. And ^eruore pe holy man ine J?ise
voontoknowand wordle de)) al his herte / and al his payne to knawe
god / and louye. And of hire herte : alle zenne to
Tha more th« waynyc. Vor pe more fet J»e herte is clene / and pe
the more openly uayrer : zuo moche he yzy3^ pe face of lesu crist pe
j^ua. *^ more openliche. and pe more ]>et he his jzj^p openliche :
pe more he him loue^ pe stranglaker. ^e more he him
hknep propreliche. And )>et is )^ zope noblesse / ]>et
make]> ous godes zones. And J>eniore zayj) ri3t wel
saynd ion pe aposteL uor J?anne we ssoUe by godes
children, and we ssolle by him ylich propreliche huanne
In pttndiw we we him ssolle yzy / ase he ys openliche. ]>et ssel by ine
openly m He Is. lus blyssc : huanne we ssolle by ine paradys. uor hyer
as in agiaaa HO 2jp non / onwryje pe uayrhede of god / bote ase hit
*â„¢^* by ine ane ssewere. ase zayp sainte paueL Vor ))anne
we him ssolle yzy face to face clyerlyche.
Traenobuuybe- be zobe noblessc banne of man besnmb hyer be
gina in grace and , r>j r ^
la completed in grace / and be Viirtxxe. and is uolueld ine blysse. J^se
Ulaa.
noblesse make]> pe holy gost ine herte ))et he cleuzep
ine clennesse / and aly^t ine zo^nesse. and uoluel)) ine
charity. Jjise hyep pe pn greteste giiodes : )»et god yeff
^e angles, ase z&yp saint denys. huer-by hy bye]> yliche
ThianobUitythe to hare sscppore. And pua worke]? pe holy gost ine pe
ethhithahelrt. ' herten of guode men be grace / and be ufrtue / huer-
by hy byej) ymad to pe ymage / and to pe anlycnesse of
Heraiaetiimenup god / asc hit may by ine J^ise lyue. uor he his arere]; zuo
ine god / and his beclep)) zuo ine his loue / ]>et al hare
[Foi. a. b.] wyl / and al hare onderstondinge is / J>et is fet
is hare be))enchinge ^et is ywent ine god. ^is loue and
f is wylnynge / |)et ioynej? / and onej) zuo pe herte to
BO that their wm god : fct he ne may o]>er fing wylny : oJ>er Jeanne god
will!* wyle. uor hi ne habbej? betuene god and ham : bote on-
lepi wyL aud pSLune to pe ymage / and to pe anliknesse
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VIRTUE AND CHARITY ARE TRUE GOODS. 89
of god. ase me may habbe in erj?e. and J?et is pe grat-
teste noblesse / and ]?e be^este gentilesse / pet me may
to bopye ; and cliue. A. god / bou by byej) uer uram p*r from God »re
J^ise bejnesse / po ]>et make]; bam zuo qnaynte of pe ilke proad of their no-
poure noblesse Jet bi babbe]? of bare moder fe erjjo / um earth,*" *"
J)et berjj and noryssef azewel ]>e bogges : ase by def pe J^^"i^lJtl**^
kinges. and by bam yelpej) of bare gentylete / uor J>et **"*••
by wene)» by of gentile woze. and pe ilke kewrede : by
conne rijt wel telle. And pe o)»re zyde by ne lokej)
na^t / buer-of bam com]) pe zope noblesse / and J?e
gentil kenrede. Hy ssolden loki to bare zobe uorbysne Weehouidiookto
oar true exempbur
Ib^^u crist / )»et mest louede / and worssipede bis jeraeChriat^
moder : banne eure dede eny ober man. and alneway ^^o h" •**<! *at
^ ^ ^ ^ '' His mother and
buanne me biwi zede. ' sire : bi moder / and bi cosyn / hu oou»in» are
. -rr • , , ^ I , , thoeewhodothe
pe axaep. He ansuerede. * buo ys my moder / and buo wui of God.
byef myne cosynes ] buo J?et dej pe wyl of myne uader
of beuene : be is my broJ)er / and my zoster / and my
moder.' Vor pia ia pe noble zyde / and pe gentyl
kende / ])er-of comjj / and wext ine berte : zope blisse /
ase of pe oJ?ren ydele noblesse : wext prede / and ydele
blisse.
GbNTYL GUOD. Gentle Good.
Nou icb be babbe al uollicbe ysseawed bet icb lene. '^^^ *• no^iiw
' . worthy of hon-
Jet |)er ne is non guod ary^t worJ>S8ipaol : bote ufrtue / om except vinue
and cbaryt6. ])et ys uayr lone of god. ])et per ne is non
oJ)er guod prc/fitable. pia ous wytnessej) saynte pauL
f et zayf alsuo. * Yef icb bedde zuo mocbe wyt ine me /
bet icb coube alle clergyes. alle specbes. and speke aJse Learning, epeech,
'^ , ^ , 11.1 ^ 1 liberality, Ac^ are
wel ase myjte man / oj^er angeL and ich coupe godes worthless without
pn'uites / and bis redes, and yef icb betoke my body to
8la3e. and yeue al Jjet icb babbe to pe poure. and dede
by miracle pe belles Ibeape uram one stede / to anofre.
bote yef icb ne bedde pe uzrtue of cbarit6 : al bit nere
me na^t worj?.' Nou nim bede J>et zaynte paul fet me ^"^^^^^
ssel wel yleue. ous bef byer yncTwned / pe meste gentile poseessions profit
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[FoU»7.ik]
90 CUAKITY IB GOOD CHAFFER.
nothing without guodes / ]>et man may do / and pet meat were ywoned :
to by worj). and profiti \)et byej) [J)e] pomeyoncoa of
bodye. and sH&^pe to ])olyo. helpe ponre. to wende fane
zenaolle. and connynge. an specbes. and [he] zay]) J)et alio
f ise guodes wyjK)ute cbarite : ne bye)> na3t worJ). and
|J®V**^«^ yef J>ise guodes ne byeJ najt worJ? : bou ssolde lease
guodes by worJ? 1 Jjis )»i-zelf f e myjt yzy be skele J»et
byer beuore me bej yzed. zuo mocbe is worJ> pe man :
ase is woTp bis land. ]>et is ase zo]? / ase pat^ nostar.
Who that mo«t h^q uq^ ^q] onderstawt. bou / and buer-by / be man is
hath. Is worth ' ' ^ / r
worjj / ojer ni^t / oJ)er zomdel / oper more oJ?ftr lease /
and pet ne is non drede / fet / Jet ne by cbarite / and
pe loue of god. Vor buo J>et mest bej) : meat is vrotp.
and buo J>et lest bej : lest is worJ). and buo J^et na3[t]' ne
bej) : na3t ne is woTp, Vor buo mocbe pe man bet of
timlicbe guodes / ase hjep / gold/ an zeluer. an ricbesses.
oJ?er guodes gostlicbe. o)>er kendelicbe / ase byef / creft /
and queyntyse. wyt / and clergye. strengje / and prou-
How shall we aay esse. and obre guodes. IIou ssel icb zygge bet bi dob
that thoMdo good ^ ^ j©5 r r
whoahauhereaftor guod / banne be ssel by be more zoruoUaker ydamncd /
be damned in hell ° ' ' .
becaase they have uor ])et be bis benotc]> na^t ari3t. of pe guodes ])et god
Q<^ p * ° bi?/i bedde ylend uor to winne. Efterward yef be dej>
workes bodylyche / as do)) J?ise zuynkeres / and pise
Bodily worka and gememen. OpeT yef be def workes gostlicbe. ase hjep
are nothing with- uestinges. benes. ssrede be poure. bere be here, yef he is
out charity. . ^ ^ , "^
wyJ)-oute chante : zoJj uor to zigge : bit ne is biw na^t
worJ). Vor })eruore / pe more mede to-uore god bin no
worJ» pe TSLpie / yef he sterfjj wyJ»-oute cbarite : y-damned
ha worjj. Ac pe ilke J>et bej) uirtue and cbarite guode /
of al J?et god biw zent ine Jjise wonlle / of al be dej) bis
nyede. and of al be wyn)» : grace of blysce.
Charity ia good Cbarite is a guod chapfare / bet oueral wvnb / and
chaflbr.thatevery- . ^ r I r * r I
where wins and nouc time ne lyost. alle J>e guode paneworbes by bay b.
and de}> alneway bis nyede. and na3t uorJ?an : by \iep
alneway hire peny ayen / pet is pz loue of herte / Jet is pe
» MS. naj.
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OF TWO PLEASING GOODS. 91
godes peny / huer-mide me bayb / alle be guodes of J>e' The lore of the
heart U God'e
wordle / and alneway ha blef)) uor euremo / ine ^e penny, wherewith
purse. Loue hep ine eche stede his zales. Charite ^^^^ of the
wyn]> ine eche ))inge. and playntes. and hy hej> J>e ^***^**^
maystrie : ine alle batayles. Hi deb / bet aaemoche charity is erer
^ '^ r / r uniform In her
is wor]> to onenen ueste enne day : ase to anoj^ren : al oondact.
ane lenten. Hi dej>* / f et ase moche is wor)» o peny to
onen pet ha yefj) : ase to ano^ren : an hondred pond;
^ygge a. pater nostar : ase to ano]7ren a sautyer. ahd pet
ne is uor non oJ)re skele : bote uor Jjet / J>et zuo moche
is worj) J>e man / zuo moche byej? worf his workes. Von
Je more fet he hej> zoJ?e lone : pe more he wynj? eche
daye. Loue is pe wy3te ine pe balance [zayj>] saynt- Love i» the weight
MicheL uor non ofer fing ne may weje : huanne me^
com]) to nime ech his ssepe : bote loue and charite. and
Jjeruore ich zigge / J>et J?er ne is non guod profitable There ib no profit-
aperteliche / and a rijt speke : bote uayr loue / and and charity.
charite.
Op TUO LOSTUOLLE guodes. Oftwoloetftil
(pleasing) goods.
Ase god made man of body an of zaule : alzuo he
[him hej? y-yeue tuo manere guodes lostuoUe / uor his
herte to him dra3e. ine huychen byej? alle pe zope lostes.
J)e uerste guod wyJ)-oute : byej> J>e vif wyttes of pe J- ""^^f^J^^e*
bodye. be zy^fe be hyerf e. / be smellinge. be zuel3ynge. body
and be takynge. Jjise uif wytes / byef ase uif condwys / «w " «▼• <*««-
huerby pe lostuoUe guodes of pe wordle guof in-to pe lusifui goods enter
herte uor to deUti / and uor ham zouke to pe zoJ)e lostes / ught it.
f et byef ine god to louie. Vor al pe lost of pise wordle /
fet habbej) pe vif wyttes / ne byeJ bote a drope of dean / ""*» *?!?th£**^
to pe zi^J^e of pe welle. ac of pe greate ze / huer-of alle '^o'W »« <«iy •
bise guodes comeb. be drope of be deawe hua7^ne me his compared withthe
, , , , . . - . , wellandthegre^
zyk]; auer : anlykne]? to ane stone, of pns. ac hua7^ne seaofood'sbieM-
me wen]? hine .nime : he ualp agrund / and to na3te '
becom]». Alsuo pe playinges of pe wordle / and pe CFoi.87.b.]
' MS. de^
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T9% 8P1A1TUAL GIFTS THE BEST.
lostes of ^ vif wyttes huanne me hise }engp / and
The iiuta of the Bseppeb / and sseaweb moche of pris : ac huanne me hise
fleth an bat as ,,,,,., t /■»» ij
draama that ooma halt : alle hi ojep uorlore / and become^ na^t / and
*** metinges. Jpench of ])e lost of uemyere / and of metinge
of ny3t / )»ou sselt ysj )>et hit is al on. an haste gao)^ :
and zone come]), ine none manere uelle ne may. and ^et
ine one diope is zuo moche zuetnesse / fet hy ssel by fe
zuetness of al ]>e welle. And jreruore pe wyse and ])e
Thawiaemen holy man* ine bise wordle / ine al bet hi zyeb and
long for tha lova '' '^ i r J r
of ood. ' smacke^ of ^e guodes lostfoUe of J^ise wordle : herye))
god. and )»e more wylne]) )>e loue of Imn. and ]>e mora
Tha mora th^ Jet hy yzej? J)e zuete dropes : ]» more hy wylnej) to
dtopa, the more come to ]7e welle. And J^eruore )>et hi wyte)) wel / ]>et
come to the weu. ^6 more me louej? fane drope : J)e more me uor-yet Jw
welle. and J>e more Jet lykej> J)e zuetnesse of ]» wordle :
Themoreoneiovea je lesse me wylnej / Jje zuetnesse of god. )>eraore myd
the world, the laia alle Je honden Jet hy mo^e / hi nemej and use J. Je
^^Ltneeeof God. lostes ulcssUche /and Je plejes. J)et be Je vif wyttes
comej.
They are fools A. ffod hou hi bveb foles / and more banne a best.
andworsethan ^ , , .
beasta who think Jet wyte J / Jet / Jet body of man : is Je meste poure
greater than the makynge. and Je yileste Jet is. and Je spirit of man : is
Je zaule. and ys Je nobleste Jing / an Je hejeste ssepje
Jet may by. and na3t uorjan / hy mo3e wene / Jet more
bye J zuete / and lostuoller / Je guodes Jet comej by Je
bodye : Janne Jo Jet comeJ be Je goste. Jet byej zoje
guodes / and clene / and lestynde / and moje Je herte
spiritaaigifta yelle and uoluelle. Zueche guodes yefj god to man
peace of heart. ine Jise wordle. huanne he yef J pays of herte. and Je
d^^ luirjoy of maystrie of his vyendes. and blisse of inwyt hua;ine he
the sooi. uoluel J Je herte of loue. and of bKsse gostlych / and
him adrengj of ane zuetnesse wonderuoL zuo Jet he ne
soeh bliss is not may him hyealde / ne him-zelue yuele. Of zuyche
withtheinsuof blisse / and of zuyche loste / no likncsse / ne non comr
parisoun ne may by yuounde ine yoyes / and ine lostes
of Je wordle / Jet ne bye J bote dropen to Je zijje of Je
^ men?
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THE WELL OF SWEETNESS. 93
welle of zuetnesse. bet is be welle huer-of oure Ihord The trw bUn is
1 . , . 1^ -rr . , «!• well whereof
spek^ me his spelle. ' Huo ^et ssel drinke he zay^ / ' of our Lord speeiu ib
})eweteie})etichwylley[e]Tiehim : hi' ssel become a welle/ ^"'^ '
]>et him ssel do Iheape / in-to ]>e lyue eorelestynde.' ])et
is ^ welle of blisse / and of zaetnesse. of lyue / a[n]d
of chants. ])et may uolueUe ]>e herte / and non o]>er
])ing ]ret is. Of ^ise welle hedde daui]) y-nome / ])et
zede ine his sautere. ^O. god / hou is nou grat / ]>e orthisweii David
mochelhede / of ])ine zuetnesse ])et ]>ou lokest to ])ine Fuater.°
/ seruinde / and yefst to bine uryendes.' And uorzobe huo whoeo ehoUd
, ,, - , , 1 , .« teetetheeweet-
])et hedde wel ytasted and ysmacked ])e like zuetnesse imm that God
^et god yef^ to his urendes : he ssolde onwor^i alle ]>e Menda,
lostes / and alle ]>e blissen of ])ise wordle. and wolde
chise / and ofhealde J)e gostliche blisse / and ssolde by ''^w deepiee eu
ase ]>e ilke / ])et boute]> ])et mele / ^et to-del]> ]>et floiur buneeofthe
uram }>e bren. and ase )>e ilke ]>et make]) )>e oyle / ))et [i<d.28. a.}
nimjj Je pure grece : and let })et greate draf. Vor blisse
of herte bet comb of god to louie bet is zobe blisse and Joyofheartie
, the true bliae,
ziker'/ ase zay^ )>e uorbisne. ]>et non ne he]> zikere which oomes of
blisse / bote yef hi come of loue. And in |>e writyngge
ha clepej uile* / oure Ihord by be' fe profete / fet zayf.
* Ich wyUe* zay])he * vile' of blisse uorwepinge. alle blisse /
clene / and zobe of herte / uor wop of penonce.' Of bise with the oil of
bliae (or the oil of
oyle byep ysmered / })o f et god hej ymad kynges / and cream) aii true
Ihordes of J^e wordle / and god zelf. and ))anne is ^e man smeared,
ziker cristen / huannehe is ysmered myd ^ise holy crayme.
Vor of crayme : is yzed crist : and of crist : cristendom.
And huo ]ret is ysmered mid ^ise oynement : ))et is ^e The ointment is
bHsse / and ^ loue of god. he leue]> ine god : and god ofCk>d.
ine him. ase zay)) saint Ion ^ aposteL and ^et lif is of
cristene. ^t is ari^t to speke / lif of man. ^et is guod
lyf and yblyssed })et cristene ssolle yleue / and wylny to nie christian
zeche : to habbe ^et lyf eurelestinde. uor he ne is na^t iifs,
alyue : ac ine langour / J>et echedaye IcueJ) ine bysyhede / ^J^ LaTdiy ^^^
ine ]K)3te8 / ine zor^es. ne ))et ne is najt lyf of man : ac U^JJ^ii^*^,^
of child / |«t nou wepj / nou lhe3)> / and nou is wel an "^•*
I he ? * Written for oyh » So in MS.
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94 man's sorL is like a garden.
neither It It th« ejse : and nou is euele aneyse. nou is wto]> / non is ine
life of man, bat 4^ > i «•
A child, who Alter pajse. nou ine blisse. nou me zor^e.
weepl " ))anne hno ]>et wyle lede guod lif : zeche ^t be
habbe / ^et zope gucxL and Jeanne ssel be babbe lyf
worfssipuol lyfl lostuoL and profitable, and ^ne he
whoM aeeks tma gsel libbe ase a man. bet is to zigge: zikerljcbe. boUycbe.
hftppincM sbAli
h*Te bonoormbie wysliche. and blisaoUicbe wy [})]-onte zorje. and to znicbe
life, life I
Md profiubie. lyue me com]) : of er be grace / ojjer be utrtue. and najt
oj>crlaker.
Of u/jztue more specialliche.
We hare BOW con- j^qvl ich be babbe aboue yssewed generallicbe be
â– Idered genenlly '^ ./ox
"»«d*jn^.^»ruu dingnet^ / and fe worf / and }» guodnesse : of uirta /
virtue, and of cbarite : and bueniore me ssel hise zecbe. Vor
which lead! to Joy. gfat ureme per comf bis nor to babbe. blisse. wor]}6sipe/
ewtartinj. * ^^^ ly^ eurelestinde. Ac uor J>an / Jet me ne knan])
na3t zuo wel pet ping ine general / ase me de]> in
special : J^eruore hyer ys myn ywyl to spekene of utrtue
more openliche. zuo Jet ech Jet wylle ine Jise boc
studye : mo^e his lyf ordeyni be mrtue / and be guode
itisnotraomrbto dedcs. Vor ojerlaker litel hit him ssolde by worj to
good, unieu we conne Jet guod : bote me hit dede. Vor ase zayj saynt
He finneth who iacob. He Jet can guod / and ne d^ hit na3t : Jer is
his belief. zennQ I yef he misdej. Fol he is Jet can Jane rijte
way / and be his wy tinde mysgej.
Sm^ree toe*Mni ^ ^^^^ ^^^ c{>?/iparisoneJ Je zaule and of Je guode
OTwoiSS^t^lTrLr "^^^^® / an of Je guode wyfmanne : to ane uayre
B*rden. gardyuo uol of crenhede / and of uayre trawes / and of
full of greennea, '^ " o / ^ /
fair trees, and of guod frut. Huerof god zayJ ine Je boc of loue. * My
good fkuit.
zoster / my lemman / Jou art a gardin besset / myd tuo
ssetteles.' Jet is Je grace of god / and of angles. Jjeme
This garden set- gardyu zette be greate gardyner / bet is god be uader /
teth the great ' ^ ^ i t o r i
Ksrdener, God the huanue he uhessej Je herte / and makej zuete / and
tretable / ase wex ymered. and ase land guod' and
[Fol. «. b.i agrayjed / and worji Jet by by yzet mid guode ympen.
rth*the*h^rt.° \>^ ilko ympen byej Je uiHues / Jet Je holy gost
> ydegud (digged) has been erased.
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THBEE THINGS NBBDFUL FOR THE EARTH. 95
be-deawej> myd his grace. Godes zone fet is Je zoJ)e The branches an
zonne be Jje nirtue of his clemesse : def ham wexe an ed b]I*thTI^*ar
he^ / and profite. th^HoUGhct.
Op bRI biNGES NTEDUOLLB TO bs ERbs. Of Um>e things
' ' f' r needful to the
J)yse JJii finges bye> nyeduoUe to alle })e finges fet roSid mould,
in Jje erjw wexejj. Guod molde. wocnesse norissynde. motatMe.***^
and renable hete. wydoute' Jjise Jri ))inges gostliche / ne JeS^"***^*
moje fe ympen of mrtue / ne wexe / ne bere frut. |)ise J}*'***'*^^^ ^s
])inges / makej) J>e grace of J)e holy gost mid herte. and J'^*^*^*" ^"^^
hi de]> al greny / and flourL and bere frut and hi
make)) alsno / alse a paradis eT))lich to lykerous. uol of
guode traues / and of frut / and precious. Ac ase god
zette paradys erblich nol of guode tiawes / and of frut. ai God set in
' Paradise the tna
and amydde zette a trau / ])et me depej) : J^et trau of of itfe amidst
other (ood trees.
lyue. hueruore Jjet his frut hedde nyede to loky J^et lyf /
to })an Jjet hit ssolde ete / wyjoute steruinge / and
wyjoute zyknesse. and wyj-oute ealdinge. and ^vy]>-oute
fyeblesse. Alsuo de]> gostliche to ])e herte ])e greate so God hath set
gardyner. J^et is god f e uader. Vor he hej> y-zet Je amidst the tree of
trawes of mrtue / and amydde fet trau of lyue. J>et
is lesu crist / fet zayf ine his spelle. * He Jet eth my ^Jj^f* J«™»
uless / and dringj my blod : he hej) lyf eurelestinde.' / ^
))is trau grene]) and uayre]) be his uirtue : alle ])o ine
paradis. Be be uz'rtue of bise trawe wexeb / florisseb / This tree causes
' X / X / others to flourish.
and makeb frut : alle be obre trawes. Ine bise trawe al
' ' ' ^ Thetieeiatobe
hit ys guod al bet ber is. bis trau is to alowe / and to praised for its
^ ^ . -tr root, its wood, the
louie / nor manye binges. Vor be rote. Vor bane flower, the smeii,
rf X o I r the leares, the
wode. Vor J>et flour. Vor Jane smeL Vor Je leaues. fhiit, and its fair
Vor Jet frut. And uor his uayre ssed. J^e rote of Jise The root of the
trawe / Jet is Je wel greate loue / and to moche charity God. which
of god Je uader / hueruore he ous louede zuo moche / wicked thraiisby
Jet uor his kueade Jrel to begge : he yaf his wel guode gj^dson.^
zone, and him deliurede to Je dyaje / and to torment. ufepJShJt'l^JhS
Of Jise rote spekj Je p?-ofete / and zayj. Jet * a yerd ssel .hiuiSont^e
guo out of Je rote of yesse.' Jet word is worj ase moche j ^^^^ **"*•
1 So in MS.
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96 THE TREE OF LIFE : ITS BOUGHS.
The wood is tbe as6 a l)ecleppinge of loue. J>et wode /bet ia his prc-
fl«h of Christ. ,«■• it 111*
The pith was His ciouse uless. pe heite of fo traue : wes pe holy zaule /
Ine huani wes / Jje preciouse yolk of |« wysdome of
The rind wss His god. Jje linde / wes f e uayre conuersacioun / wyjwute.
The tap was His ' ))et zep : of ^o traue / and pe tyeres / weren uour wel
and Wood! '^* preciouses J^inges / and of ri3t greate mrtne / Jjet of his
preciouse lames youme. Jjet weren tyeares. zuot. weter.
The leares were and blod. be Iveaues : weren be holi wordes / bet
His holy words. i' J r / r
the flowers His helden of alle zycnesses. J)e floures : weren be holy
holy thoughts,
the fhiit his poytes / pet alle weren uayre and oneste / and berinde
we re apoe ea. ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ weren fe tuelf apostles / petal pe wordle
uedde an norissede be hare techinge / and by hare
uorbisne / mid hare guode dedes / and pe ben^ces.
The boughs, in one Jjq bojes / of fo traue / ine one wytte / byef alle pe
aiect. ychosene Jjet euere* were, and Jet hjep, and f et ssoUe
by. uor ase he zede to his apostles. ^ Ich am' he zede ^pe
In another sense vyne / and ye byeb be boaes.' Ine anobre wyt : be hoses
they are His vii- ' ^ ^ r r 7 r ^ r 7
tuesandexampies. weren pe uayre uiHues / and pe glonouse uorbysnes /
wliich he showed
to Hi4 private ])et he ssewede be dede / and tojte be mou])e ])et weren
friends,
pe uiHues uol-do and nolle of pe zo])e guodnesse / )>et he
[Poi.». a.) ssewede to his priu6 urindes / Jet weren pe tuelf
apostles / Jet he ledde in-to ane heje belle, priuelyliche.
per he zet ase zay J Jet godspel / and his deciples aboute
when on the him. banue he openede hismouj/ and his trezor bet he
mount He opened ' ' '
His mouth and hedde ywre^e ine his herte. and ham Jus zeayde.
said :—
"Blessed be the Yblissed bye J Je poure of goste / uor Je kyngdom of
for the kingdom heuene is hyre. Yblissed bye J Je mylde : uor hi ssoUe
uieiJc**c., Ac. by Ihordes of Je erje. Yblissed byej Jo Jet hyer
*^ wepej / uor hi ssoUe habbe Jet confort of god.
Yblissed Jo Jet habbej honger and Jorst of rijt. uor hi
ssol by uolueld. Yblissed byeJ Je merciuolle / uor hi
ssolle uynde mercL Yblessed byeJ Je clene of herte /
uor hi ssole yzi god aperteliche. Yblissed byeJ Je
These are the paysyble / uor hi ssolle by ycleped godes zones. J)ise
thlte^SfweT' bye J Je zeue bo3es of Je trawe of Hue / of godes zone
lesu crist.
» MS. etierte
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SEVEN RULES OF HOLY LIFE. 97
Ine pQ ssede of J^ise trawe / lii?n ssel guod herte
sseduy / and yzy pQ ilke uayre bojes Jet here)) Jet frut
of liue euxelestinde. Ine bise zeue wordes is beloke alle in theM levea
words are In-
hejnesse / and alle p^eccion of grace and of m'rtue of eiad«d au high.
zope blyssedhede. asemoche ase mo may habbe in Jise u^^r ^^^d
wordle. and habbe and ondeistonde : ine Je ojre. J^ise Jiia2tahi«>iL*
bjej ]>e zeue mieles of holy lyf / Jet Je zoje Salomon Then un the
tekj to Lis children. J)is is >e zoje filozofie / Jet Je ^^^^'^'^^
mayster of angles tek J to his deciples. Ine Jise zeue in theM aeven
woides byej besset ase ziggej Je hal^en / al Je summe Jhe'tumofSe"^
of Je newe laje / Jet is Je laje of lone / and of zuet- "? roJt'In?.wt^
nesse. hy is wel yzed newe : uor hi ne may na^t J^"*c^^„a^
yealdy / ase dede Je yealde laje to Je yewes. hi is ^"fllj°*^i^
zojliche newe / and desgised uram ojre la^es. Laje is
-yzed Jeruoie Jet hy hare-zelue ne bynt. ake Je oJre
bjmdeb / and bis onbynt. be obere chanreb : and bis in the old uw we
find threateDing,
onchaigej. pe oJre JreapneJ : and Jis behot. Ine Je •trife.andcnning;
oJre to strif : ine Jise to pays. Ine Je ojie to uor- ^n^lH^pe^,
zuerie : ine Jise to loue. Ine oJre corsynge : ine Jise "** wesdnge.
blissinge. p&rme is Jys / al uol of blissinge. and Jeruore
hi byeJ yblyssed Jo Jet hyse healdej zayj Salomon.
Vor Je ilke Jet his hej : he he J ywonne Jet trau of
liue. Hueruore bise zeue binges touore yzed bye J Theeewven
' * " .» things make a
ycleped blyssinges. uor hy makej man yblyssed ine man blessed in
„ -I . . . ^ 1 this life, and more
Jise wordle ase man may by me Jise lyue : and more uessed in the
yblyssed ine Je oJre. ^ "'
Nou hest Jou yherd huo is Jet trau of lyue / Jet is
amydde paradis / Jet god zet ine Je holy zaule. Ine Je
ssede of Jise trawe / wexej / and profitej / and berej
frut. be traw of utrtue bet god be uader / bet is be ood ^tereth ti e
' . I r r trie of virtue fnm
greate gardyner / zet ine Je gardyne / and his weterej the well of His
of Je welle of his grace / Jet his de J greny / and wexe /
and profitL An hise halt ine grenehede / and ine IVue. '??.'?? **
^ o / ./ divided into sercn
be ilke wello hym todelb ine zeue streames. bet byeb be >treams,
« « , , . I , , ,. which are the
seue yef Jes of Je holy gost / Jet weterej al Jane gardin. seven gifts of th«
Nou loke Je greate cortaysie of oure zuete maystre lesu Behold the gmt
7
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98 THE HOLY PATER NOSTER :
eoarteqrofOod crfst gode8 zone / bet com to bo wordle to zeche / an to
iD wnding His / / t
Bon I souy / ])et / Jet wes uorlore. Vor f ot he wyste wel
iMHTimd inabuity oure pouert^ / and oure fyeblesse. and uor ouie zennes /
to «meu> gniSf ^® y^^^* Ac be 0U8 we ne moje na3t arise / ne come
[Pol. ». b.] ayen. ne out of zenne guo. ne U2>tue to zeche / ne come
to fe blissede lyuo / J>et is of his grace and of his yef J>e
ThepBfoTeHepro- ne comb. beraore he nait ne let ous uor to somoni /
gifi«. if we would bet we hym bydde and bczeche his yef))es. And moche
bat ask for Uiem.
OUS behat : J)et yef we hym bezecliijj Jjing fet ous is
guod : ))et we hit ssoUe habbe. And more he ous de)i
Christ is our of cortaysye. Vor he is oure playtere / J>et ous make])
plend^r, siid
makes intcroes- oure bezechiuge : }^et we ne cou])e na^t maky / yef he
â„¢*CiMs!'os] nere. J)e bezechinge fet he ous made of^ his uayre
He gave ns the yblessede mou}>e : uayre. guode. ssorte. an cleuiynde :
wherein are seven bet wes bet pater nost^r. huerinne byeb zeue bezech-
petitlons, M M M. y M
for the seven gifu inges / be huichcu we bezeche]) oure guode uader of
Ghost. ' heuene / Jet he ous yeue Je zeue yefjes of J)e holi gost /
Jet hi ous delyuri of Je zeue dyadliche zennes / and
hise strepe of al of oure herten. and ine hare stede :
zette and uorjdra^e / Je zeue mrtues / Jet ous lede to
Je zeue blissinges of perfeccion / and of holy ly£ huerby
we mo^e habbe Je zeuen behestes Jet he makej to
We shau now his ychosene. Huerof oure onderstondinge is myd be
flrstspeakofthese , / ,, ^^ ^ ^ ^, \ '^
seven petitions, holy gostes helpe. Yerst speke of Je zeue benes of Je
seven virtues that pat^ nost^T. Eft^ward : of Je zeue uirtues Jet bye J
seven^iMdiyBtos. ayens Je zeue dyadliche zennes / huer-of we habbe J
Sons'ajearseven ^^o^® yspcke. J)e zeue bcnes byej / ase zeue uayre
JJ^r^udiiT^^^r J^ay^lenes / Jet ne letej na^t uor to Ihade of Je zeue
*® ''*^t^^J" streames Je quikke weteres uor to wetery Je zeue trawes
fruit of life ever- Jet here J Jet fruyt of line eurelestinde.
Theprefiweoftha lj£ UORE-SPECHE OF bE HOLY PATJPJB NOSTfit.
Pater Noster. '^ "^
The Pater Noster Hvanue me zet a child to lettre. ate begynnynge
Is the first thing ^ ^ ^
we teach a ehud. me him tekb his pat^ noster. Huo bet of bise clercye
We must know , '^ ^ " ., , , .f , ,
itif we wouidbe wyle counc : be-come milde ase a child, uor to zuyche
mUd as children. g^jQ^^yg ^]^j Q^pQ guode mayster lesu crist / Jise
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ITS SEVEN PETITIONS. 99
oleigie / ))et is )?e uajieste / and mest beliofsam ^et
is. huo bet wel hit onderstant and of-halt. Vor zuyche The mwe letter of
'^ *' the prayer is the
wene}) hit wel conne and onderstonde : Jet neuerte ne rind.
couj^e bote pe rynde wyjoute / Jet is Je lettre / ))et is
gaod. Ac litel is wot]) to fe zy^^ of ]>e newen pet is
wy binne zuo zaete. Hit ys wel ssort ine wordes : and TWa prayer is
•'^^ '' short In words
wel lang ine wytte. List to zigge / an sotil to onder- and long in wit,
easy to repeat,
stonde. j>\b bene / pasej alle ojre / ine Jri Jinges. ine butbardtoondor-
dignet6 / in ssorthede. an ine guodnesse. pe dignet6
is / ine Jan Jet godessone hit made. To god Je nader
ine worde. Grod Je holy gost / Jet is Jet me acsej.
He wolde bet hit were ssort / nor bet non ne ssolde Godwuiedittobe
'^ ' '^ short, that none
hiwi werye : hit nor to lyemy. An uor ban bet non ne should be wearied
In learning it.
ssolde him tyeny hit uorto zigge gledliche / an ofte.
And uor to ssewy / Jet god Je uader ous yhyerj wel
zone : huanne we him biddej mid guode herte. uor he Qod docs not care
' * for smooth and
ne hej none hede of longe ryote of tales y-slyked / ne rhymed words.
y-rymed. Vor ase zayj sant grcgorye. Zojliche bidde /
ne is na3t to zygge uayre wordes / and y-slyked myd Prayer does not
mouje : ake keste playntes and dyepe zykynges of word*, bat or
herte. Jje worj / and Je profit of Jise bene : is zuo J^p ri^^gs of
grat / Jet he belouk J ine ssorte wordes / al Jet me may **** ^*^'
wyhiy of herte. An to bydde wel to done. Jet is Jet ^^' *^- ••^
me by delyured of alle kueade : and uolueld of alle
guode.
HtER BEOINb bBT FATBJl NOSTiTA. Here begins the
^ ^ Pater Noster.
bvs bednb bet pater noster. * Vader oure / bet art "Our Father that
' Z TTuiT J 1, I A •rtlnheaven.-
ine heuene. Loke hou oure guode spekeman / and oure Behold how oar
zuete mayster lesu crist / Jet is Je wysdom of god Je jesaa'chriT""''
uader / and kan alle l^es / and Je wones of his cort Je ^^ wiMiy?
tekj wel to playty / and wyslyche / and sotilliche / an Jri^^*^'"^
ssortliche to speke. Vorzobe bis uerste word bet bou The sweet name
^ ^ '^ . of rather giveth
a»y8t / yef hit is wel onderstonde / and yuohed / hit as hope to re-
, , . , ^ ' , , oelvealloarpe-
Je ssel yeue al Jine playnte. v or saynt bemard Jus titions.
zayJ. pet Je bene Jet begynj be Je zuete name of Je
7 •
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100 GOD IS OUR father: we are
uader. yefj) ous hope to onderuonge alle oxue byddynges.
))i8 zuete word / vader / fet al ^e remenont makef
zuete / \te sseawe]) fet ])ou sselt yleue. and pe somoue])
to ^an ^et pou sselt do. and fiae tuo ])mges soue]) man :
huanne he ylef)i wel / and arri3t. an he dep eflerward /
whmUioaeaUMt i)et he sseL Huanne bou him clepest uader / bou
God the Father, '^ '^ ^ ' , '^
thou acknowiedir- beknaust bet he is Ihord of house, bet is of heuene /
eet that He is
Lord ot the and of eTpG, and heaued / and ginnynge / and wclle/
huerof alle ssep])es / and alle guod come}), and pus pe
And Binoe He la beknaust his miate. Efterward / zebbe bet he ys uader /
Father. He U alio ^ / V / * I.-
the provider for he IS di3tere / and gou'imour / and porueyour / to his
His Sudreu^ L e. mayud an nameliche of his children / pQt is of man /
of man. ^^^ him-zclf hejj y-mad and yssape / to his aulik-
andioveethoee uesse. and puB ]>ou heknaust his wysdom. Alast Jeanne
Qiade. ]>et he is uader be kende / and be ri^te / he louep ^t he
He rewarda them he}) jmsd / ase zayf J>e boc of wysdome. and is zuete
andchaateneth and milde. and zuo loue)) / and draj]) uor]) his children,
niisdo. and ham de]) hare prou. and betere ^anne hi conne
deuisi. and he his byat / and his chaste)) huanne hi
misdo]) uor hare prou ase guod uader / and ble])eliche
he his onderua[n]gJ> / huanne hi come]) to hym.
The word Father Nou ich pe sscawy ])a7me pia word ^et ))ou zayst :
thee^f oJd"^"^ vader. his mijte. his wysdom. his guodnesse. He pe
Sid^^'^r* ^^>®^gf ^^ oferhalf J>o zelue. J)ino noblesse, fine
hut of thy noble- uayrhedc. bine richesse. More grcrtter noblesse ne may
nees. fidmrse, and ^^ x o *r
richee. ich habbe : bawne to by zone to ane zuo create emperur
Greater nobility . , C, • ,
oonid none have fet IS god. More gratter richesse ne may by : J)awne to
io great an em- ^J ^J^S of alle Jing. More gratter uayrhede ne may
peror.tbatia, ^^^ . pmiie to by him ari3t ylich. Huych uayrhede is
zuo grat : J>et hit pasej) J)03t of man / and of angle.
Let the word ]:)a;7.ne piB word / uader / pe hepengp ])et ])ou art zona
thee of thy duty ^^T J>et J)ou pe paynest hi7» uor to by ylych. ase guod
war<£ag^ ^ ^^® sscl by ylich his guode uader. J)et is to zigge : f et
])ou by bold / and of gmt wyl / and Strang / and mijtuol
wel to done, and fet J)ou by wys / and y-wer / large /
and cortoys / zuete / and mUde clone and wyj-oute
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SONS BY ADOPTION. 101
uileynye / ase lie is. and fet Jjou hatye zenne / and ^^ **»»* t^ou
uoulhedes / and kueadhedea ase he dep. zuo Jjet Jjou doe^
najt ne do aye kende. Jjis vord J^a/me J)e dej) be))enche /
at alle Jje times fet J>ou zayst pet pater noster : pet yef ^^^- ^- *>-3
Jjoii art ari^t zone : }^ou sselt hi7n anlykny be kende. be
beste. and be rijte. and fon him sselt loue. woT})ssipe.
and reuerence. diede. seniice. and bo^samnesse. Nou »nd«o»ctMa
J^ench fsuine huaTzne ])ou zayst pi pater noster / pet pou true,
by him a guod zone and trewe / yef Jou wylt fet he pe ^^^ ^ thou
by guod uader. an milde. *J)ench huas zone ]>ou art': me ^^ ^y^^^ ^^^
zayj) to pe newe knyjte huawne he gep into pe tome- JjlJ^J^^^nd*'
mc»t. Nou bou yzyxt wel hou bis uerste word is zuete. howitadmoniihos
f ^ J r thee to be bold
and hou hit pe amoneste}) |)et J)Ou by bold and of andofagood
guode wylle. and hit pe tek]> huych Jou sselt by.
Nou ich pe acxy hueruore Jon zayst * uader oure.' T^^i^l^^ ..
and najt *uader myn'? and }^et ]>ou him uelajest mid pe / ^^ »j* " ^•^«»'
^ huanne })ou zayst: *yef ous' / and ne zayst na^t *yef me.'
Ich wile pe zigge yef J)ou wylt. Non ne ssel zigge /
uader min. bote pe ilke ])et ys his zone be kende wy]?-
oute gynnynge / wyjj-oute ende / pe zojje godes zone.
Ac we ne bye]> na3t his zones be kende / bote ase- We an not God's
moche J>et we byej ymad to his anliknesse. ac alsuo bat 17 adoption.
bye)> ]>e sarasyns. ac we bye]) his zones be grace and by
adopcion. Adopcioun zuo is a word of laje. uor by be Adopuoniaaterm
^ of law.
lajes of pe emperurs / huarzne an hej man ne \ep no
child : ha may chiese ))et child of a guod man yef he
wyle. and maki him his zone be adopcioun. J^et is be
auoerie. zuo ])et he ssel bi yhealde uor his zone auoud /
and ssel here his eritage. bise grace god ous made be ^^ adopted ua
^ r ^ ^ ' without any de-
uader wyfoute oure ofseruinge. ase zayf saynt paueL aerving on our
Huanne he ous dede come to pe cristenedome we were Before we were
poure and naked / and child * of yre / and of belle. poSr. naked, wd
Jeanne huawne we zigge Jj * vader oure.' and we ziggejj / ^^^tfiS. cWhdi
* yef ous.' we gaderej^ alle oure broj^ren mid ous of adop-
cion / Jet byej children of holy cherche. be fe byleaue
Jet hi onderuiwge ine c?7stnynge.
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102 WHAT "our" TSAGHE8 US.
csod givcth n^ Xou oufl ssowe]) / hucT-of J^is word / oure. ))e largesse /
to DMuy. and ^ cortaysye / [of] god oure uader. pet ous yef|>
more blejjeliche / yno^ / panne lyte and to nelen :
]>anne to onen allone. Huer-of saynt gregorie zayj>.
The candle that is * p^ l)6ne / pe moTe ]>et hi is cotnmun : pe more by is
of propie, worj). ase Jje candele is betere bezet fet seruef to ane
irt^rt foTt^ halle and uol of uolk : fanne zy Jret ne seraej / bote to
^ of one man onlepy manne.' J)is word hat ous to yelde fonkes myd
al oure herten. of fise grace })et he ous he}) ydo / huer-
by we hjep his children / and his eyrs. and Jet moche
ardontliche louye oure ealde bro])er lesu crist / )>et ous
uela^e)) wjp him ine his grace.
UMbM^^uH?" ^^ ^^'^ ^^ amonestej) ^t we loki ine oure herte
thii adoption u a holylyche J>ane holy gost bet ia oure wytnesse. Jjis
pled^
adopczon is ase weddes / ase zay]> saynte paul / huer-
that we shall he by we by b zikcre / bet we ssolle habbe be eritajre of oure
iUTeofourheri- -^ ^ '"^ , '/ ^ , . , ,
taKe. uader. })et is pe blysse of paradys. Jis word ous tekji
Ttteachethiaso ^j^^ g^yj) pel we bye}) alle bro]>ren / grat / and smal /
bpetbren. great pouie and liche. h.e% I and loa / of one uader / and of
and small, rich ^ i
and poor, high one moder. bet is of god / and of holy cherche. and
•nd low. , '^ . , . ,
non ne ssel ojjren onworj^i : ac louie ase broJ>er, and pe
and that we on ssel helpe panne o])re : ase do)) pe lemes of pe zelue
pny for one an- bodyc. and ech bidde uor oj^ren ase zay]> saint locob.
umUirf the same ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^ ureme wel grat. Vor hua»ne Jou
^*°^* zest Jine bene ine pe uela3rede of al holy cherche : uor
on paternoster pet )>ou zayst / ]x) wynst mo panne an
hondred ])ousond.
It teaches us to \>\b word / ouTO. OUS tek]) to hatyc Jri p'mg name-
pride, wrath, and Hche. Prede. WTejje. and auarice. Prede : de}) man out
avarice, ^£ uela3rede. uor he wyle by aboue alle o))ren. Wrefe :
de}) man out of udajrede. uor huanne he werre}) wyj)
enne : he werre}) wy}) alle pe ojre. Auarice : de}) man
which hring men out of uelwrcde. voT hi nele ne him / ne his binges /
out of feUowship. ^ ' ^^ '
communy mid o})ren. And })eruore zuych uolk ne hab-
The word «out" ^^ p^^ j fj^e ^^ ^Q^y p^^^ noster. Jjis word / * oure ' :
oum, ous ssewej) })et god is oure : yef we wylle}). and pe
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WHICH ART IN HEAVEN. 103
uader. and be zone, and be holy goat, bet is yef we if we keep hu
. eonunondmenU.
loke^ his hestes. and zuo zayjj ine fe godsspelle saint
Ion.
* Vader oure / pet art ine heuene. * Huawne ich zigge / " Thf * art in hear
*bet bou art ine heuene' : ich zigge tuo bing. bet he is HcTeweweert
kjiig / and pet he is at paradis. Alsuo huanne ich and that He is in
zigge / * Jet art / ine heuene' : ich zigge ))et he is / and
})et he is ine heuene. Me vint ywryte ine J>e ojjre boe
of fe laje. f et god him ssewede to Moyses ine ane J^^^*^
helle / and him zede. guo in-to egipte / and zay to be He made known
kynge faraon of mine half / pet he pe delyuri mi uolk "i am."
pe children of y[s]rael / of pe freldome / huerine he hise
halt. • Ihord ' / zayde moyses. * yef me aksef huet is |)i
name, huet ssel ich zigge 1 ' * Ich am / Jet am.' zayde
god. Nou ziggejj pe hal^en / and Je guode clerkes.
Jet amang alle Je heje names of oure Ihorde : Jis is Je Thia is the first
uerste / and Je most propre. and Jet mest ari^t ous proper name of
tekj uor to knawe / Jet / Jet god is. Vor alle Je ojre
names huer hi spekej of his guodnesse. and of his <>*^»«' »»**»•â–
c of His
wysdome. ojer of his mi^te. ojer he is zuich / and *^°?**"V
zuich. he is Je ri3t guod. Je ri^t trewe. Je rijt wys. Je
ri3t ini3tL and uele oJre maneres of speches Jet me
zayj of him. Jet ne zigge J propreliche Je zoje of Je but these term*
byinge of god. Ac we Jet bye J greate / an boystoyse existence of God.
to spekene of zuo he3e Jinge / speke we of god / zuo / we speak of God
ase we coime deidsi ane man / of huam me ne kan na^t of men,
his name / ase me zayJ. he is k}nag. he is erl. he is zuo
grat. zuo uayr. zuo large, and uele of zuyche Jinges /
huer-by me may ywyte hou Jet hit by Je man knawe.
Ac ne ziggej najt arijt his name / ase we spekej of
god : uele we uindej of wordes / Jet ous ssewej huet
Jet hit bi of him. Ac Jer ne is non zuo propre ' ase Jis bat there is no
word / * Jet art.* Jet zuo propreliche. zuo ssortliche. zuo astheee words,
cleuiyndelyche. zuo sotilliche / Je names nemnej / ine
zuo moche / ase onderstondinge him may strechche.
Yor god is ase Je ilke / Jet one is / ase zayJ saint lob.
^ MS. propr^e
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104 GOD ALONB 18 EVBRLA8T1XG.
GodaioMic,for He ouc is / oTui to spekene. nor lie one is / eureles-
without bagin- tinde / wyjwute beginnynge. and wy^ute ende. }>et me
nlng *"«! wUluNit
end. ne may zigge : of non o])re fmg. Efterwaid he one is
trath^b^*tu «>fliclie. nor he is zof / and zopneaae abone alle )>inge8
thing!. yssape. and zno byej> alle ssepjyes ydele and ydelenesse.
[ToL SI. b.} And ase zayp Salomo[n] and na^t to pe zy^J^e of him. and
to ni^te ssolden come : bote yef he his ne sostyenede
be his mrtue. Ate laste he one is zetnesse an nestnesse
He alone la Ann, fne onelepi poynte wyf -oute hiwi to tiobli / wy|K)ute
changing, him to chongi / wy]H)ute him remne ine none manure.
ase zay)) saynt lacob. Alle ojjpe ]>inge8 bye}) chonginde /
ine eche manere of hare kende. )>anne is he propre-
liche yclieped' : fet art. Vor he is zo])liche wyf-oute
without end, ydelnesso / zetnesse / wib-onte enye chonge eure to
wlihoutbegln- . ^ ' ^ .' ^xi.j vi./
nlng, "wwumt yleste : wyjH)ute ende. wy^nt heaned. wyjH)ute / wes.
lAou be." wy^ute / Bsel by. uor Jer ne is no gelt.
There la nothing j^qu lou sselt ondeistonde zuo bet ber ne is najt
that one may bee- '^ .1
ter believe than fet me mojo boteie ywyte / ]>anne Jet : ^t god is. Ac
that God la. ,, /ia/j
yota ]^tt wL ]>er ne is no))mg zuo Strang to conne / ase nuet / and
what God la,"^ l^uet J)ing is god. J>er-uore ich ^ rede wel / }>et Jk)U
ne musy na3t to moche / hit uor to zeche. uor )k)u
and It ia enough my3test ly^tliche guo out of ^ rijte waye. Hit is ynoj
*' Dear Father, uoT ^ / pet )>ou zigge: 'lyeue uader Jet art ine heuene.'
Yen.** ^ Zo)> hit is Jet he is oueral yheied. ine erje. ine ze. ine
He ia the oideat, helle. ase he is ine heuene. Ac me zayb he is ine
the moat known, *^ '
the moat beloved, houeue / uor bet he is be eldeste / and be meste yknawe /
and the moat hon. , ' , , , / , . ,
oniwL and Je meste beloued / and Je meste yworjssiped.
Efterward he is ine heuene gostliche / Jet is ine holy
bodyes Jet byej he^e. clyre. and clone, ase is Je
heuene. uor ine zuyche herten : he ys aid. and yknawe.
and ydred. and yworjssiped and yloued.
The word Nou hest Jou yheid Jise uour wordes. Pater noster
** Father "tlAtxiB , . -. ., ^, ,/. -••
worahipood; the fi^^ ^ ^^ csl^' P^t uersto Jo somoncj / to worjssipie
iMruJru> 8^- P^^ ^f®' • ^ ^^^^ g^ )^ Jridde : to drede god.
dread God; y^j, p^ Yie by uader ouTc : alneway he ys bezide / and
^ MS. has yeheptd
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THE lord's prayer: its preface. i05
na3t clionginde. J>e uerfe J>e to strengJ>L uor asemoche "heavmrtomx-
aae he in zuo he^ / and }>ou zuo loj. yef Jjou ne art bald / courSe^^ '"'
and of guode wylle : ])oa ne sselt n^t come / huer he
wone)>. J>et uerste word ous ssewe)) ])e langnesse of hia The ist Bboweth
euiebleuinge. pet ojer: pe brede of hia charitd pe thebn^thoim»
Jridde: Je dyepnesse of his zoj^hede. pe uerfe: pe thTdS^^Sl!?'
he9nesse of his magest^. Huo })et hejj wel fise nour «h.the*SSn«i
^inges zo^liche wyj^oute drede he ssel by yblyssed. ofHbm^«»ty.
])E UERSTE BENE OF pE HOLT PAT^iZ NOSTiPi^. The Irt petition
of the H0I7 Pater
Nou best J>ou yherd pQ uorespeche of pQ holy pat^r ^^*^-
nost^r. ]>et is ase ane inguoinge of pe yi]>ele. ey god / TheTirefaceofthe
huo J)et con]>e wel al )>ane zang : hou he ssolde yinde •• the'beginBti«
nayre notes. Vor hit ne is no drede f et ine pe zonge / ^^^ *******"
^et pe wysdom of god made / pe ilke ])et tek]) pe U03ele8
zynge : ne he]) uele notes sotiles / and zuete / pA^ J^er
by lyte lettra. Ine bise zonge byeb zeue notes, bet inthiaMBgim
MTen notes, thefe
byeb be zeue benes. bet porchaceb be zeue yefbes of are the wren pe-
'^ titloBB that bu7
be holy gost. bet strepeb be zeuen haued zennes of be the aeren gifts or
f ,,. /,. . ^ theHolyOhoet.
herte. and hi zettep j and norisse)> pe zeuen uirtues. be
huychin me com]) to pe zeue blissinges. Of pise zeue
. benes / be bri uerste : makeb man holy / aze moche ase The three Ant
, make man holy,
man may by ine ^ise wordle. ^e uour efterward him the other four
make)) stedeuestlyche : r^tuoL Al]>eholyne8seofman/ fiutiyiighteona.
^t is ymad to pe ymage of pe tnnit^ j pet \a he pn i7ol ss. a.]
^inges ^et bye]> ine ^e zaule. be])enchinge. onderstond-
ynge. and wyl. ine bet bet be zaule bi stedeuestliche The three things
. that are In the
yclenzed ine be wylle. stedeuestliche ali;t ine be onder- loni are thought,
' *' ^ ' understanding.
stondinge. stedeuestliche yuestned in god. mid god ine and wiu,
be bebenchinge. and be more be zaule onderuangb and the more the
1 X f • i_ ,." , . iv « -. •. . eonlreoeireth
plenteliche ))ise ))n 3efpes of god : and hy more propre- pientifaiij these
liche ne^e[c]]> / to his rijte uayrhede of his kende. ^et is
to pe anlicnesse of pe uader / and of pe zone / and of ^e
holy gost. pe\t is huanne god pe uader him ccnieTaiep
his be^enchinge. god ^e zone him aly3t his onde[r]-
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106 HALLOWED BE THY NAME,
the more b maa
stondinge. god fe holy gost hef yclensed his wyL p'lae
Se'iStoityl'"^ |)ri pingea we hezechej) ine pe fri ueiste benes of J«
pater noster.
HftUowedbethy Huawne we zigge)) / sanctificehxi nonien tuum. we
By theee words ssewe]) to ouTe guode uader corteyshche oure principal
prindiMadfldxvii desyT ])et we ssoUe eure habbe. ]7et is ])et his name by
iiame haUowed yhal^ed and yconfermed ine ous. ])anne huanne we
aod oonflmied lo . « . • â–
OB. ziggej) / sanctificefuT nomen tuum : Jjet is to ngga *sire /
}^is is oure he^e wyl / Jjis we bezechijj toppe alle f ing /
})et Jjin holy name / }^et is J)i guode los Jji knaulechinge /
Jji beleaue / by y-c^wfermed ine ous.'
In thia ut peu- Ine bise nerste bene : we bezecheb be uerste and
the gift of wi»- fe pnncipal yeffe of Jje holy gost / ]>et is ]>e yeipe of
wysdom / f et uestnejj / and cowfermej) pe herte in god.
and his ioyne]) zuo to him : ^et hi ne may by ondo /
which enables xa ne to-deld. Wysdom is yzed of smac / and of smacky.
to taste the sweet- __. _ • t*. t i r i i
nets of God. VoT huawne Jje man onderuangj) Jjise yefpe : he zuel3[)>J /
and smacke]) / and uel)) )>e zuetnesse of god. Ase me
uel]) ]>e zuetnesse of pe guode wyne ate zuelj / betere
. ])anne to pe zi^pe, Ac to psji pet )>ou ondeistanst betere
The word " hoij" huet is to zigge / * J)i name by yhaljed ine ous : ' pou
la as much as to sselt ywyte pet pJB word / holy / is ase moche worb :
say thftt we are
dipt in blood and ase / kleue. ase wyj^oute eipe. ase yhal^ed to godes
seruice / ase y-dept ine blod / ase yco/ifermed. Ine f ise
wisdom hallow- uyf maueres hal3e)) pe gost of wysdom / Jje herte of
man in Are wayi : man. Verst he his wypeb / and clenseb / ase deb bet uer
By 1. Purification. •/ * / r ^ i w *
2. Cleansing. []7et] clcnze)) and fine)) pet gold. Efterward he dej) away
al pe ilke uel})e / of alle er})liche loue. and of alle wylle
of ulesse. and make]) to comene al out of smak. al ^et
me wes ywoned byuore to louie. ase J>et weter is out of
smak to })an Jjet is ywoned to fe guode wyne. Efter-
ward he him hal3e)) of al to godes seruice. uor he de])
him al away of alle wre])e. and de]> him al ))enche of
god. and to louie / and serui. Ase Jje cherche is yhal^ed
4. Dipping in to godes scruice. zuo ))et me ne ssel ober bing do
blood.
Jjennne ; J^a/me pQ seruice of god. Efterward he depf
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THY KINGDOM COMB. 107
ine bled Vor he hise zet in ane zuo l)emi[n]de loue /
and one zuo zuete deuocion of lesu crist. fet huawne
he fengj ine him / and his passion : he ys alsuo ydept /
and al-suo dronke of Jje preciouse blode / J>et lesu cnst
ssedde uor him : ase is a zop of hot bryead huanne me
hit pote]) in-to wyn. ^et is a newe c?7stninge: Vor
depe and cnstni : is al on. Efterward he him uestnej «• c<marming in
zuo ine god / ^et no ying ne may him to parti no [FoL as. b.i
onioyni. Jeanne [he] wyle piB word nou zigge : * J»in name "Thj word be ^
by yhal3ed ine ous.* ))et is to zigge : * yef ous Jjane gost of
/glTo U8 the spirit
be huam bi we zuo yclensed ase gold, and ofwtadom.
whereby we may
yuayred of alle ueljje / huer-by we ssolle by zuo uol be renewed and ^
dronke of fine loue : yet alle of re zuetnesses / ssolle by
ous bytere : be huam we ssolle by zuo yyeue to f e / an
to fine s^ruise : f et neure mo of of ren we ne maky
strengf e. be huaw by we najt wyf oute more ywesse :
ac zuo moche ydept yne grayne / and ynewed and eft
ycristned ine f e bloode of lesu mst be deuocioun of
ueste loue / huer-by f e name of oure uader by zuo
yuestned ine ous : f et he by oure uader and we his so that nothing
. may leparate nt
zones / and his eyrs. zuo yuestned f et no f mg f et moje from ood.
beualle ne moje ous ondo of f e ilke uestnesse / ne of
f ise grace.* Wei is hit grat grace of god h[u]anne f e wyl
is zuo yroted ine god huich / ne may to cryepe uor none
uondi/ige. Wei gratter fing his huanne me is zuo
yuestned ine be loue and adrayn^t in be zuetnesse of and nothing oom-
j X 1 .. -, ^ fortOBbutthe
god. fet no solas ne no confort mene onderuangf : bote grace of God.
of him. Ac y-yeue is f e herto parfitliche and yconr
fanned, uor f e memorie is zuo cleuiynde ine him : fet
ne of no fing f enche / bote ine him. And fet we
byddef him huanne we ziggef : sancHficetxsx nomen
tuuuL * Ihord f i name by y-haljed ine ous.*
pE OjpRE BENE OF ))£ HOLT TATEB NOSTJSeiS. The Moond petl*
tion of the Pater
Adueniad regnum tuvm. fet is f e of re bene of f e Jjjj^' "^^ „
pater nostcr. huer we byddef / fet godes regne come H"™ ^« p™^ f®*"
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108
GOD 8 REION WITHIN US.
Ood't retento
eome witbin nt,
whieb la brooi^t
about by the spirit
of oudenUndiiig.
tbatenligbteneth
the hearty
and ahoweth man
htoinany bulta.
HeMeththathe
is aot clean nor
worthy of leetng
God.
â– o he begins to
caat out the in-
ward fllth which
deprires him of
the light of God.
[FoL S3, a.]
Then he flnds
peace, rest, solace*
and bliss.
to ous / and by wyj>-mne ous. Oure IhorJ z&yp ine his
spelle to his deciples. * pe regne of god : is nou wy]>-iime
you.' Nou ondeTstand wel hou J>et may by. Huanne
god yefj) ane grace J>et me clepej> / pe gost of onder-
Btondinge to pe berte. ase dep pe zonue ]>et de)) away
pG ]>yestemes8e of Jje ny3t / and waste J> pe cloudes / and
pe bore urostes bi pe moreen. Alsuo waste]) pe boly gost
alle pe J^yestemesses of pe berte. and \dm aaewep bis
zennes / and bis defautes / zuo ]>et pe ilke wende by al
klene. pAnne wynde]? bi zuo uele defautes. and of
motes, and of doust wy}>-oute tale. Ase pe zonne byam
8sewe]> bis motes / and J>et doust J>et byej> benefe ine
pe bouse. Efterward be him eft ssewej) of ofre balf na^t
wyf-oute more pet / pet is wy}>-inne bim / ac J>et / fet
is bene)>e pe belle, and )>et / ]?et is aboue bim ine
beuene. |)et / )>et is aboute bim / alle uayre ssepj^es :
J>et alle heryep god / and bim wytnessejj bou god is
guod and alniijti. wys. and uayr. grat and milde.
zuete. and pe more me zy^t pe sseppiriges bri3te : pe
more bit is wynynde bim-zelue to yzyenne. Ac be
yzy^J? / }>et be ne is clene / ne wor}>i bim to zyenne :
pVLune anbet pe guode berte and trewe / and bim wrej^ef
to biTT^zelue. J5a«ne nym}> be bis pic / and bis spade /
and begin)> to delue / and to myny. and gej> in-to bis
berte. Jjeiinne be vint zuo uele zennes / and vices /
and zuo uele defautes / and zuo mocbe doust / and
tribulaciouns of berte / and of jK)3tes / and of wyckede
wylles / J>et be bim wrej>e)> / and zorjej). and nim|> a
wycked wyl to bim-zelue. zuo J>et be begin)) pe berte
to clensi to pe zoJ>e* / and to keste out alle pe uelj^es
J>et bim benimf pe zi^pe of god ine bim. and fet be dej)
mid pe spade of zope ssrifj^e. Ac buanne be be)> longe
ymyned / and be bej> / alle bis uelfes ykest out : panne
uint be pays / and reste / and solas / and blisse / zuo
f et bim fingj? J>et al pe wordle by an belle to Jje lok-
1 MS. zolfo
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THY WILL BE DONE. 109
inge of ])e ilke clyemesse / and of J^e like pays : fet he
uint ine his herte. and ]>et we 6xe)> : huaTine we ziggej>
Adueniad regnum tuum, pet is to zigge : ' Leue uader / '•ThyUnffdom
ylyky J)e / f et ]« holy gost ous wille aly3te f e herte / Z'^'J^^'HS^
and clensi and zuope / al-hnet hi hy worji god uor to Hoiy^ohMt***"
y-zy.' and Jet he wile come and wonie ase kyng / and ^^SJ^^*^*^*^
ase Ihord. and gouemour / and hotere. ziio j>et al J>e ^me wS^dweu*
herte by his / and he by kyng. and euremo we hiwi mo3e "^^^^J^^^
yzy. uor fet is lyf wyf-oute ende. and godes riche habbe ^****^^"**'®?,?
wyb-inne ous.' beruore zayb oure Ihord in his spelle : ^ » ^«W' *^»* ^
•"^ #^ jj- r greater than mil
pet godes riche is ase on tresor in pe uelde yhed. ]>et is **» ^o'W.
ine herte. ]>et is gratter )»anne al pe wordle.
pE J:)RIDDB BENE OF j>E HOLT FATJffiZ IXOSTEB. The third petition
. ofthePmtor
Fiat uoluntas tua / sicid in celo Sf in terra, bis Norter.
' "Thy win be
is be bridde bene huerinne we byddeb oure uader of done." ke.
, , , . , , , . , . . , . We here prmy that
heuene / bet his wyl by ydo me ous ; ase hit is ydo me we may obey g<ki
,A, i.i-Mdothe holy
heuene. ]>et is ase ]>e holy angles of heuene / pet byep nageu i& hearen.
zuo ali3t / and yuestned ine god : pet hi ne mo^e oper
ping wylny / bote pet god wille. Jjis bene we ne mo3e but this we cannot
habbe : bote yef we ne habbe / Jje jeipe of red. ]»et is of eoanseu
pe Jridde yefjje of pe holy gost / Jet ous tekj> his ojene
guod wyJ. and J)et he ous wende. oure wrechide wil / girenngbythe
and hise ccTnfermy / al to Je he^e guode. zuo Jet he ne oonform our wui
hej ne e^ene wyt / ne ojene wyL ak his ojene onlepi-
liche' / pet hi by Iheuedy of al Je herte yhoUyche. and
maki ine ous al Jet hi wyle ase hi makep ine angles of
heuene / Jet makej echedaye his wil wyj-oute misnini-
ynge / and wy Joute wyjzigginge.
Nou best Jou yherd Je Jri uerste benes* of Je pat^* in these three
noster. Jet byej Je h^este / and Je dingneste. Ine Je Lord's pnjyer.
uerste / we aksej Je yefje of wysdom. Ine Je* ojre : ginof wi»'do'm.
Je yefJe of onderstondinge. Ine Je Jridde / Jet guode J g^JcounseL^
red ase ich Je habbe aboue yssewed Jjise Jri Jinges
we ne byddej / na3t uor Jet we hise habbej ine Jise
^ MS. onlepibiche ^ MS. benenes ' MS. ope
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110 THE TRUE MEAT IS
We eumot hare lyue dyadUch parfitlyche. ak we sseawe}) to o[ii]re uader
ofthcMinthia ouTB wylles / J^et hjep I oJ)er ssoUe by / to fan Jjet Jjise
|)ri bene8 by ine ous ymad / and uolueld ine ]>e lyue enre-
The renuining lestinde. be obre vcur bet comeb eftefrl ward we willeb
four pettOoDs are t^ T r r L J r
neoMurytonsin speke ane o}>re speche. Vor we ziggejj aperteUche to
oure uader * yef ous. uoryef oub. wyte ous. delyure ous.*
bote ]7ise your benes of him we ne habbe : we bye)»
dyade / an euele betake ine Jise wordle. Vor hi byej)
ous nyeduoUe ine ]>ise lyue dyadlich.
The fourth petl- hfl UEIlbB BENE OP bfi HOLY VKTER NOST^B.
tlon of the Pater
" owJni thii d»7 Panem nostrum cotidianum da nobis hodie, Mochel
onrdaUjbrewL- Qug ^^jjj, q^jq guode mayst^T / to spekeue myldelyche /
and wysliche. huanne he ous tekf to zigge. Vayre
uader / oure bryad of eche daye / yef ous to day. Huet
What may the may be zoue betere acsy to his uader : banne bread wy b-
aonaekofhla ' '
father better than oute uiore / uor ]>ane day to endy 1 He ne acsof none
[Pol. ss. b.] outrage / ne wyn. ne uless. ne uiss. [ac] bread wyjjoute
for wine, flesh, nor more [he] byt. uajt uor ayer / ne najt uor al ])e woke, ac
It is a great thing wyj-oute more : Jjane day to endy. Nou hit ]>ing)» fet.
it*i^ appein hit by wel lite )>ing j>et we acsejj : ac uor zoj^e hit is wel
* '«»«»" ' graij jjijig Huanne me bit J)e bro}>erhede / and Je
uola^rede / and part / and n^t / ine alle J^e guodes of )>e
house. Alsuo hit is huose ])et smacke]) of ]>ise breade.
He he J> fe bro}>errede. and part / and uela3rede. and ri^t.
and ine alle Je guode dodes Jjet byej) ine heuene. J)et
ev'erTiui'bw^* ^ J^®* ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^® ^^^^ coueut. ]>et bread of heuene.
that preaerree the j,et bread of angles. }>8t bread lostuoL f et bread of lyue
eurelestinde. Vor hit yefj) guod lyf / and lokeJ> J>e
zaule wyjH)ute steruinge. Huer-of zof zayj) ine ]>e
godspelle. ' Ich am fet bread of lyue / f et com doun
uram heuene. huo J^et ssel ete of \q breade : he ssel
This la true meat, eurc lybbc wy}>-oute steruinge.' J>et biyad is mete ari3t.
all the hniiger of uor hit stonche)> al ]>ane honger of ]>c wordle / and uel]»
man f et he hej> ynoj / zuo ne dej> non oJ>er mete. Jjet
It u the bread and is f et bread and ]>e mete / fet f ou nymst / of Je sacr^-
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THE BODY OF CHRIST. Ill
ment of J>e wyeuede / J>et fou eselt ete zuyj>e / and m«t taken of th*
glotounliclie / ase tekj fe writinge / ase dep pe lecher- »it*r,
CUB f^ane guode mete : pet oj^erhuil noizael^p ]>ane guode
anode / wyf-oute chewynge. pet is to zigge / J>et ])ou
aselt nyme ])eine mete mid greate wyUe of herte / and
mid grat lost. And f ou hit sselt ase hit by uorzuelje /
wy}K)ute chewynge. and J>et is to zigge. yleue ine grat /
bet / bet hit is be zobe bodi of lesu crist. and be zaule. »»* th« tme bodj
' of Jemu Christ.
and pe godhede / al to-gydere / wypoute to zeche : hou
hit may by. Vor god may more do : J>awne man mo^e
onderstonde. Efterward me ssel beme mete eft chyewe / One should chew
. this meat Again, as
ase J^e oxe )»et gers ])et he he^ uorzuol^e. pet is to theoztheffrass
that he has swal*
zigge J^et me ssel recordi zueteliche and smalliche be lowcd. *
little stechches / alle pe guodnesses of cure Ihorde and
al ]>et lesn ciist ]>olede ine erj>e uor ous. And panne
vint J^e herte )»ane rijte smac of pe ilke mete, and onder-
ua[n]g}j ane wel greate hete of Je loue of god, and ane wel
greate wyhiynge to do yno j an to J>olye uor him al J>et he
mi3te. and al pis dej) J>e m'rtue of fo breade. Vor J>et is Jet Th*" *»^ <»"»-
bread Jjet conforteJ> and strengjjej? pe herte / to fet hy by »trengthen8 the
wel Strang nor to folye / and do grat ping uor godes things for the lovo
loue. Ac Jjet ne may najt by wyjj-oute pe uerpe jefpe
of pe holy gost / Jjet is y-cleped pe yef J) of streng)>e / J>et
arme]) godes knyjt / and hivi dep yeme to by maiiiired.
and makeb ham leise betuene be tormens. Nou mijt Thnawhenwie
r yy r ^ Mk br«ad we ask
Jjou wel yzy hou corteysUche / huanne we acsef Jjet ilke for strength.
bread : we acsej? fane yeffe of stre[n]g))e. Vor ase Jjet
bread bodylich / sostenef and strengfef J>et bodi : alsuo
J>e yeffe of stre[n]gj>e / make)> pe herte Strang to J>olye /
and to done crat bine uor god. bet ilke bread we hit This bread we caii
- ' , 11. t ours, for itto
clepiyj> cure / uor hit wes ymad of oure doje. yblissed made of our
by pe guode wyfman : Jet of hiren jjet flour per to dede. [FoL m. a.i
J)et wes pe mayde Marie, and yfryd ine pe panne of pe "^*^^J *^*
crouche / ase he zayb ine be sautere. uorzobe uorzobe Mary. "
' Jr r IT and fried in the
yfryd ine his 03ene blode. uor Jjet dede he / ine Jje greate p«» of the cross,
wylle of his loue / fet he hedde to ous. And Jjet is Jjet
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112
THE BREAD OF THE ALTAR.
Itltbreadtwloe
It la our* becftOM
ChriatleftUto
UM HklMt re-
It It onr dally
InvMl. becanaa
•acfa d^> dole
U RiTan vat by
Oud.
Each day It Is
neceaiary to us.
and eaeb day one
ahallUke It either
at the sacrament
of the altar, or by
right beUet
It Is bread, not
for chnrls, but for
noble hearts,
cleansed and
washed by shrift
It Is sore sub-
stantial bread.
surpassing all
other substances
In Tirtue and
dignity.
bread tuies y-bake / huennide he astore^ his ssip. ^et
is holy cherche / uor to pasy fe greate ze / of pis»
p^rilouse wordle. Hit is oure. uor he hit ous let : at
his yleaue nymynge / and at his laste bequide / lesu
crist pe wel large / ase meste greate tresor : pet he ous
mi^te lete. and hit ous yaf ase pet uayreste iowel / {>et
he ous mijte yeue. and pet we hit ssolde loky : uor his
loue. Hit is uorzo)>e oure / uor no]>ing ne may / hit ous
benime toyens oure -wylle. We hit clepie]) oure bread
of echedaye. ))et is to zigge / of eche daye. uor ])et is pe
echedayes dol / fet god yefj) to his wel wilynde : ]>et
eche daye do)^ his seruice / and nggep his oiires. ]}et is
to alle guode herten / ])et eche daye zueteliche be zo)>e
loue make]} memorie / and be])enchinge of his passion.
t>et greate of pe prouendre / we nime]> ine oure
heruest ine heuene / huawne we hiw ssoUe ysy onwry3e /
ine his uayrhede / ase he is. Hit is ysed )»eruore eche-
dayes : ])et eche daye / hit is ous nyeduoL and echedaye
me ssel hit nyme / o^er ate sacrament of pe wefde / ase
do]) pe prestes : of er gostliche be ri3te byleaue. pet
bread is wel precious / an wel noble / and wel ydi^t.
J>et is kynges mete / huerinne byej> ech manyere lyk-
inges / and alle guode smackes / ase z&yp pe boc of
wysdome. fet ne is najt mete to gromes / ne to yeue.
ne to piecaille. ne to cheuaille. ne to cherles. ac to
noble herten and gentil. an cortays. and clene. J^et is
to pe herte fet is gentil be grace, noble / be guod ly£
yclensed / and ywesse be zofe ssrifte. Of Jjise mrtue
spek]> saynt matheu pe wangeliste / and hit clepe]> ziker
bread substancieL J^et is to zigge : f^et pase)» / and
ouerge]) alle substances / and alle 8sep]7es be ver. ine
mrtue / and ine dingnet^ / and ine alle oJ>re maneres of
worJ>. ne me ne may betere write / ne more yno; :
pSLfine wit substances. Me z&yp J^et mete is pe mi3[t]-
uoUer / panne he hej) yno^ of my3te. and of noriss-
inge. and pe more f et he is norissinde : me z&jp Jjet he
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FORGIVE US OUR DEBTS. 113
is pe substancieler. and ]>ere-uore Jet ine pise breade is
more mrtue / and of guod / and of norture j ]?anne me mdooiitoiiitmorv
v-L/t ■.•j.1'4.' natrlment than
moje penche / ojer zigge. ne zayjj me najt fet hit is anything else.
substancieL alsuo me zayf Jjet hit is ope substance /
Jet is / uiHuous / and substanciel aboue onderston-
digge / and wenynge. J)et bread we byddej> to oure w« p«y for tw*
uader. and him we biddej / Jet he hit ous yeue to-day. x%!\n toi» mortal
ine Jise daye / Jet is ine Jise dyadliche line, zno Jet ^^'
we moje maky ane guode iomee / and to abyde Je
gledlaker oure ssepe. bet is be peny bet he yef b to his Thii u the penny
T /i.r 1 T r ^ r , ^ God gives to His
workmen / n[ujanne euen comj. Jet is Je ende of Je workmen when
1 • evening oometh.
pE VIFTE BENE OF ]}E HOLY PAT'A NOSTJiR. The 5th petition
of the Pater
Dimitte nobis dehita nostra, sicut et nos dimittimxna Noster.
. . " Forgive ua onr
deoitonowa nostns. Ine Jise bene we biddej oure treapaaeea," Ac.
nader of heuene / Jet he ous wylle uoryeue / oure Forgive ua <iir
misdedes / ase we uoryeuej to ham : Jet ous mis-doj. *****^**
o Jer habbej mis-do. JaTine zigge we Jus. * Leue uader / [FoI. m. b.]
uoryef ous oure dettes: ase we uoryeueb oure dettours.* " ''e forgive onr
*> ' debtors.
Cure dettes: bye J oure zennes /Jet we habbej ydo oardebtaareoar
wexe ope oure zaulen. Jet is Jet beste wed of Je house.
J)e zenuolle be one zewne dyadlich / Jet zuo zone is
y-pased / ase to be loste / ober ase to be dede / is the interest of
... ' '^ . ,. â– : , , wUlchiaheUpain,
y-ODUged to zuo ane greate gaueunge : Jet he ne hej
mijte to hit endi. Jet is to Je pine of helle / Jet is
wy b-oute ende. Eft«rward / he ssel to gode / bet he ^® ™^* <^^'*
" ' ' o I r make enffldent
heJ ywrejed / zuo grat amendes : Jet he ne he J mijte amends for one
deadly sin^
uor to yelde. Yor ine al his lyue Jaj ha leuede an
hondred year ojer more : he ne mijte najt do uoluel*
linde penonce of one dyadliche zewne / yef god wolde
usy to yelde dom. And beruore hit behoueb to yeme therefore it be»
'^ , hovethhlmtorun
to Je cort of merci and bidde me^-ci / and aksy uoryeue- to the court of
nesse. Vor be Je rijte of Je cort of dom / Je zene* "*"^'
^ere ssolde by- demd / and ycondemned to dyaje euro-
lestinde. ))eruore oure guode mayster lesu cn'st ous for by the court
8
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114 BEAR NO UX-WILL TO ANT.
orjiiKio0w« tekjj zuo to oxi uoryeuenesse and quittinge huanne wo
u>d«uh«TexiMfr- biddejy oure guode uader fet is zuete and milde / uor to
y[e]uene : large and corteys / Jet he ous uory[e]ue oure
misdedes.
Ac nim wel hede hou J>ou bidde. * Voryef ous oure
misdedis / ase we uoryeuejj to ham : fet ous habbe]»
misdo.' Vor yef we ne uoryeueJ> to ham J>et ous habbej)
ifwedonotfiir^ mi[8]do : god ne uoiyefp nA^t ous oure misdedes. ase
wui not foDgiTe he hlm-zelf zay]) ous / ine fe godspelle. ]}anne he fet
zay]> his pater noster / and he]) ine his herte hate /
wrej>e / ojjer wyckedhedc : he bit more aye hiin-zelue :
]>anno uor hiw-zelue. Vor he bit god / fet he ne
wii«reftyra In thy uoiyeue him najt / hua7?ne he zay)>. * uoryef me : ase ich
SSni wfckedT uoiyeue/ and uor J)et at alle pe times J>et Jjou zayst fi
wT^M^^and pat<?r nost^r beuore god pet yzi3j) fine herte : fou sselt
•*•*•• uoryeue fine wyckede wil / and keste out of fine herte :
alle wrefe / and alle hate, and euelwyL of erlaker f i
bene is more aye f e : f a/^ne uor fe. Tef hit fe f ingf
Strang f ing and kuead uor to uoryeuene / fin euel wyl
to ham f et f e hatief / ofer f et f e kuead willef / huer
Think iwmchrirt he al misdef : fench fet god uoryaf his dyaf to ham
forgftTe hlB ene- , . , , , / i • /
miMwhoerueiflMi fet him dede afe rode / f e uor to yeue uorbisne / uor
to uoryeue to ham / fet f e habbef misdo / and more
yet eft : ham guod do : yef hi habef nye[de] to f e. Vor
It is no gnu ase he zayf ine his spelle. Ne is hit na3t grat f ing ne
w^iSa^'' grat ofseruinge aye god to do guod to ham fet ous do J
guod. ne to louie f o fet ous louyef 1 Vor fet def f e
batainoew«M« paen / and fe sarasjm /.and of re zenejeres. Ac we fet
ood'.chiidwn. ^^^^ g^^^g children be byleaue and be grace / and we
byef cristene ynemned of lesu cWst / and we byef eyra
w« ought to ftiiw niid liiwi of fe heritage of paradys / of ous to uoryeue
id iTve^ur^cS. fe on to- fe of re / and louye oure uyendes. fet is to
miet,andpr^]rfor zigge hare persones. an bidde uor ham / and do ham
guod yef hy habbef nyede and f ou hit mi3[t] do. Vor f us
he hit hat ine his spelle. Jjanne ssolle we onlepiliche
hatye f e zennes / and louie fe zaules. fet byef ymad
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ALL ARE MEMBERS OF CHRIST. 115
to fe anliknesse of oiire lorde. Alsuo ase a leme of fe
bodye / louef and uorberJ> ano))er. yef o leme bleche)> weareauone
an of er be cas. pe of er na3t him awrecf f eruore. We body in chri«t
- • Josiu.
byef al o body ine lesu crist / ase zayf fe apostel. and
f eniore we ssoUe ech louye ofer / and na3t batio / no .
harmi mid wroncr / on / be ober. Huo bet oberlaker Who«o hauth an-
1 » 1 / ,, , , other teamur-
def : he is mansla^te / and hi/n^zelue damnef ase zayf derer.
fe wrytinge. Zuycb can zigge his pater nosier : him
were betere f et he were stille. uor he let his domes-
man : ayens him.
Ine bise bene bet we dob to gode. we him bezecheb in this pctiuon
. . . . : . , , , ^ , we a»k God for
one yeffe of fe holy gost / fet is y-cleped / fe yeffe / thegiftofknow-
of connynge. f et makef fane man ine f 03te and uol of ^®'
wytte. bes gost him sseweb huet he is. and ine huet wi»ero^y man
•^ "^ ° ' sees what he ia,
peril he is. and huannes he comf . and hiiyder he gef . and in what peril
and fet he def . and f e misdede f et he hef ydo. and
hon moche / he hef hyer ywonne. and hou moche he
ssel. And huanne he yziat fet he ne hef huermide and seeing hia
own imperfec-
endy : f anne him def f es gost wepe / and grede merci tions, he asks
to god / and zigge. * Lhord / uoryef me mine dettes.
fet byef myne zewnen. Vor ich am moehel ine dette
ayen f e / and uor f e queades fet ich habbe ydo. and
nor f e guodes fet ich habbe uor}'ete / and ylete to done.
bet ich my ate / and ssolde habbe ydo. And uor f o ^n^ forgiveneaa
'^ J ? / J ^ for hla great sina
guodes fet fou me best ydo. and fine greate guod-
nesses fet ich habbe eche daye onderuonge / huyche
ich habbe kueadliche yvzed / and f e kueadliche
yserued. And feruore lhord ich ne habbe huer-of
maki f e yeldinge : uoryef me fet ich fe ssel.* Huanne when he imowa
f es gost him hef zuo aly3t / fet he knauf his defautes :
and fawne him def keste out of fe herte alle wrefe / he casta oatm-
and alle hate / and al to uoryeiie his euele ywyl / yef heart*
fer is eni. and yef fer ne is : he is ine wylle and ine ^dthenisheaUe
porpos uor. to uoryeuene mid herte / yef me him misdef. ^^» "Father,
And banne may he zigge wel. * Vayre uader uoryef ous misdeed* as we <^o
'^ , , "^ •'to them tliat have
oure misdedes/ase we dof to ham : fet ous habbef misdo.' wronged us."
, 8*
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116 LEAD UB NOT INTO TEMPTATION.
ThtCthpttltlon pB ZIXTB BBNB OF pB HOLT FA.TER NOSTRA.
orttMPKUff
N«ur. M ne no8 inducas in temptaeionem, be ybemde :
Into tmiptotioiu" ^er drot and J^e like fet of^erhuyl yualle is m-to zenne.
dTM^thafiral l^iiawDLe pe zenne him is uoiy[e]ue : be is ]m more milde :
and ^0 more dreduol / and fe more lie he^ grater drede
â– othesinner who of uondinge. ])eraore bit be bier to buam god bis mis-
aivmidoffuUDg dedes noryef)) / fet be bine loky uiam ayen-oallinge.
M ne no8 inducas in temptaeionem. Jwt is to zigge.
' Vayre zuete uader / ne led ous na^t in-to uondinge.' pe
Thederflittht dveuel is be nondere. vor bit is bis ciefb / buer-of be
serue^ ine godes house / uor to pioui pe newe knyjtes.
and yef pe uondinge nere guod and uremuol to guode /
god pet al niake)» uor oure guode / nolde na3t |)olye pet
iratirh«ih«b6«t- hi come. Ac ase zBkjp sant bernard. buanne pe uondere
iM to makinx oar OUS knoke)) ope ])ane reg : he ous eaepp oure corounes
irTheD^'^dlibs o^ Wisse. Ase pe ilke J^et ope pe regge of pe guode
J^Jj*J**»^^j^^^ kny^te / smit and beat / him ssept bis loe : and bis
Tho^i^^ri^* blissa )5e dyeuel J>erto proprelicbe uonde)^ J)ane man :
w>m Jet he bine myjte wyj-draje uram J^e loue of god.
])eruore bit sainte pawel bis deciples / J)et hi by yzet
ase tours, yroted ase trawes : in loue. zuo J^et non
uondinge him ne moje refye / ne rocky. )>eruore ine
In this pHition piBe bezechinge we acse J help of gode ine oure batayle /
G^in^'^ittto, and pe yefpe of pite. Jet is a grace J>et bedeawej pe
w well M ih« gift }ierte and make J bis zuete and reujeuol. and makej
God.
his al become grene / and berj yno^ frut of guode
workes wyf -oute and wyj>-inne erje / strengjji his roten
ine pe erpe of libbende. Jet ia ase Jet guode mortyer /
buer-of me makej Je guode waUes sarzineys Jet me ne
may na^t breke / ne mid pic / ne mid mongenel.
w« my. " Sweet ]>anne huarone we zigge J. et ne nos inducas in tempt'
Tatlier. make our . .^-a' ^-rr . j/i
he&rte (hat, ao acionciu. Jct IS to Zigge. * Vayre zuete uader / make oure
itton"may°"S^« l^^^ten ucste / an stedeuest / Jet hi ne ssake uor none
wHo notpr«y iioudynge Jet to bare comj.' We ne byddej na^t / Jet
not to be tempted, ^^ j^^ ssoUe by uouded : Vor Jet were a fole bezech-
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BUT DEUVER US PROM EVIL. 117
iuge / and ssamuol. Ase pe zone of a guod man )>et
Bsel by a newe kny^t him bezek]>. * Leue nader ich pQ
bidde pet ])ou me loki ])et ich ne guo netuemo : ne to
ioustes / ne to tomemenB.' We wylleb wel bet we by bat w* dedn to ^
b6 tflmptod, tor
yuonded. vor hit is ouie nreme ine uele manures, uor tbat u our vraAt^
we byej> pe more ymylded / and pQ dreduoller / and b e m. ^^V
more wys ine alle f^ingea and pe more wor]) / an j^pST ^^^
more asayd. Vor ase zay^ Salomon. Ze ])et ne he]) ^ise jjj^ * r^
nondinges : he ne may nof^ing wel conne. bote ase me fbroth«rwh«wt
kan pe batayle of troye / be hyeie-zigginge. Yor he ne orth6Mtrid%
may hi9»-zelue yknawe / ne him uestni ine pe strong^ noriMmhowto
of his uyendes / ne hare sotylhede. and hou god is â– gaUufctiMflflnd.
trewe to pe nyede / his uryend uor to helpe. ne of hou
uele zennes / ne of hou uele perils / he he]) pe ofte
yloked. and uor alle pise skeles / he ne ssel najt arijt
conne god louie / ne Yam })onki of his guode. Ac we
hi?» bidde)) ^t he loky oure herten / ])et hi ne guo in- weentreatcted
to uondynge / ])et is ^et hi ne eonsenti. Yor al ])et is nay not ooBMnt
of ous : we hjep zuo poure / and zuo fyeble / J)et we
ne moje na^t ane time of pe daye ])olye pe asaylinges
of pe dyeule : wyJ)-oute pe help of oure Ihorde. And
huanne he ous fayleb : we guob ber-in. Huanne he wbonHoheipoth
ous help)) : we wy])stonde}). and we uyjte]) / and wo and ovaroome.
ouercome)). And ^eruore we zigge^. ' Lyeue uader ne
led ous n£^t in-to uondinge. ^t is ne ])ole na3t / ])et we
go in-to eonsentinge.'
bE ZEUENDE BENE OP JjE HOLY TATEX NOSTJfU. Tha 7Ui patWon
' ofthaPater
Sed libera nos a malo / amen, Saynt austin zayj). JJ^J'i.ii^^rn,
Jet pe ofre vices ous make]) ofer pe kueade to done : frw"* •^^"
o))er pe guodes lete to done. Ac al Jet me hej ydo. ^^^^'^^
and alle jje yef Jes fet he he)) yporchaced : prede is ine prfda aaaka to do-
wille to destrue / and to benime. An ))eruore h[u]a»ne
god he]) y-yeue to man Jet he him hej ybede ine piae
zeue benes beuore yzed. Jane uerst hit is nyed uoizoje :
Jet he him delyuri of Je kueade / and of his aspiinges. wbarafore we a»k
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lYS SEVEN GIFTS OF THE HOLT GHOST.
GodtodeUTerus And feruore comf alast Jjis bene / ase ^e efter-warde /
from 6vila
fet zayj) f ous. iSed libera nos a vialo. amen, f et is to
We entraat to te zigge : 'LyeuB uader deliuie o[a]B of ^e kueade. )»et is to
the devu and his zigge : of ]>e dy[e]uele. and of his sle3])es. ])et we ne lycse
. ^ 1)6 prcde / J>e guodes : fet )>ou ous hest y-yeue.' Inne
We pmy for the J>ise bene we him biddef / }>et he ous yeue' Jk5 yefj>e / of
that we mij be drede. huer-by we ssolle by delyured of J>e kueade / and
deUve«dfromidl ^^ ^^ ^^^^ j^^^^^ j^^^ ^ ^^ ^jj^ ^^^^ j ^^^ ^^ ^^
[FoL sa. ft.] perils ine jjiso wordle : and ine J)e of ro. Amen.
Nou hest Jjou y-herd Jje notes / J>et me kan noty ope
fise zonge J)et god made. ]>et is fet pater nostcr. Nou
loke f et J)ou hit conne wel zinge ine fine herte. Vor
grat guod fe ssel beualle : yef f ou zuo dest.
TheeevetiBifte He ZEUE TEFbES OF bE HOLY GOST.
of the Holy r^ *
u*behoveth us to Efter fe zeue benes fet byef y-contyened ine holi
speak wuh rever- pater nostcr : ous bo-houef to spekene mid greate reuer-
gifte. ence / of zuo he^e matiere / ase of J?e zeuen holy yefj>e8
of f e holy gost / ase he hir/izelf ous ssel techo. And
1. We shall say uerst We wylleb zigge : huyche byeb be yefbes. Efter-
what are the gifts, tirn i.-i i ii/w ^i
2. why they ara Ward h[uJeruore hi byef y-cleped / yefpe. and huereuore
8.w^rg[fUofthe yeffe of fe holi gost. Efterward hueruore fer byef
? why M^en, and ^^^^h / nc mo / ne Ics. and efterward of fe guodes f et hi
?e«?"°"**™"**' ^^® ^^f" ^^'^o^^® is and cortayzie / fet h[u]a7ine man is
6. what good they piche / and worf 1/ and noble / and comf to his spouse /
and he hiso louef mid al his herte and hire brengf of
A biissfhi bridal j^g ioiax. Ysaic be profete yzej ine goste be ilke blis-
wasmadeinthe '^ ^ ,. ^ /. •• « n
womb of Mary uolle bredale / J?et wes ymad me f e wo7?ibe of f e blisfolle
when God's Son _ . / •• i / j :i
eipottsed our flesh mayde mane / huanne godes zone nom / ana spousede
and nature. j j i i_ j / j
oure zoster and oure uless. oure manhode / and oure
Many fiiir gifts kendc. Yef WO telle b be ioiax and be uayre yefbes bet
He brought to his , , . ., ,. ^ \ , /. I a\
spouse. he brojte mid hi;^ uor to yeue to his spouse / and to
his eldringes / and zaydo fous f e zuote profete wel
corteisliche. * Of f e rote of iesse ssel guo out a yerd /
Christ was the k^t ssel here bet flour of nazareb.' bet is to zigge : bet
flower of Naza> ' '^ ' ' »« .»
reth. flour / of flours. . Vor nazaref : is asemoclie worf / ase
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WHY THEY ABE CALLED GIFTS. 119
flour/ and grace, aee moche ase coa. and ope ])et flour :
him ssel resti J^e holi gost. ])e gost of wysdome : and of
onderstondinge. Jje gost of strengf e : and of utrtue. Je
gost of wjrtte : and of pit6. |>e gost of godes drede. ))ise
byeb be graces huer-of he wes al uol / uram be time bet From Hi» birth
' ' ' HewMfUlofaU
he wes onderuonge in-to }>e wombe of his moder. ase p© grMM,
gr(»te ze is uol of wetere / and weUe of alle wetere? / of water.
zuete / an zalte. huer-of hi weterej) al Je wordle. Alsuo
wes he ase zayj) sayn Ion / zuo uol of grace and of
zo))e / ])et of his uolhede : we ninie]> al pise zeue And we partake or
gostes / and })ise zeue yef])es we onderuonge]? al / mid we xeceWe them
pe holy c?-istni7tge. Ac ase pe graces bodiliche pet god holy christening.
yefp to pe childe / ine wytte / ine guodnesse / and ine
strengpe / and ine opre graces pet he yefp to his wylle.
to echin he hiw ssewep litel / and litel. ase pet child ^ttirrtinaiees
wext / and comp uorp. Alsuo is he in his graces gost-
liche be pan pet ech profitep ine guode / and agraypep
his herte / and him yefb to gode : be pan pet god him butincrearing
' V / <-» # # «-» more and more in
yefp more / and more of grace. And pet ssewep pis thowwhonee
yefpe be worke / pe on : ine pe on. and pe oper / ine pe
oper. ase hit lykep pe holy gost / pet his todelp to his
wiUe. ase zaynte paul zayp. ])anne ine ous beginnep These graoeabe-
pise graces ase pe mVtues ine I03. and ssewep an hej. high.
And pet is of drede. ]5a?me ine wysdome. Vor drede
is beginninge of wysdom. ase zayp dauid. Ac ine him *■•" *• **»« ^»«*n-
ning of wisdom.
weren echedaye alle pe graces / and alle pe uirtues wel
uoUiche wyp-oute enie mesure. and peruore his zet pe Cf^ ^ *>0
profete dounward / ech yefpe be pe ordre of hare ding-
nete. Alsuo ase zeue benes byep yzet beuore be pe
ordre of hare dingnetes. pe hejeste beuore. and pe lojeste
efterward.
HUBRUORE HI BYBb Y-CLEPED YEPbES. WhylhfljMW
* ' called gifts.
J>ise graces byep yhote yefpes uor pri skeles. Verst '• "^^ »««»
uor hare dingnet6 and hare worp. yef me yefp ine pe for their dignity
and worth.
kinges cort ane robe to ane childe / oper ane poure
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120 THE TRUE NATURE OP A GIFT.
manne : ane dissnol of pesen / fet ne is no ])ing ]>et by
worJ)i to by ycleped jefpe of kyng. ])eruore saynt
iacob clepef alle ^e ojre guodes J^et god jefp / and tiin-
AH other sifts vn liche / and gostlicke. nau^t yef bes : ac y-yeue. bet by
going. chonginde / and guoinde. Ac bise graces he clepcb
ThcM gncM an
given to oa by God jefpes uolueld. Vop he his ne yef)) to nonen: j^et he
ne yefj) him-zeiua J)e ojjer scele is / uor j>et ]>e oJ>re
s. otiMTgnuM graces / and fe o]?re guodes he ous lenjf uor to usy ine
tatw?HS?. but** Jis© li^e- Ac ^ise hyep yef|>es arijt wyjK)ute wy}>nym-
JS^n^^tr^. y^g® / and wyf-oute lere. Vor huanne ]>e ojre ssolle
fayli / \tiae ssolle ous bleue. panne byej> hi zuo propre-
liche oure : ]7et we his ne mo3e najt lyese wylle we
s.TbeyaragiTeik nolle We. ase we mo^e ^e o]}re. ]?e ]7ridde scele and ))e
hejeste is. uor J>er bye}> yefj^es clenliche be loue. and fou
wost wel f et yeffe lyest J»ane name of yeipe : huanne
hit ne is uajt y-yeue clenliche be loue. Vor huawne J>e
A gift become! ycuere he]} zi^Jie to his 03ene prou : bet ne is no yefbe :
chaffer when the . • i tt
giTerhManeye ac lapre IS chapuaie. Huanne he yzy^^ guodnesse
to his own profit , , ^ •/,i • i^/i.. •
onderuonge / oper seruice / pet ne is no yelp e / ac hit is
ra)>re dette y-yolde. Ac huanne J>e yeff>e com]> propre-
theweiToHoT^"* ^^^^^® *^^ cleulichc * of f e welle of loue wij-oute prou.
toir*OT d3>I*^' ^Jt"^^^ yeff e. wyjjoute drede. wyjj-oute enie dette :
p&nriQ is hit ari^t ycleped / yefpQ. Huerof pe filosofe
zay^. Jet yefj^e / is yeuynge : wy))oute ayen-yef)>e. ]>et
is wy[J)]-oute onderstondinge of ayenyef))e. ac wyfoute
God gives OB Hu moTO : uoT to zeche loua Ine zuyche manure cod yefb
gifts for the love "^ G J r
Ue hath to us. . ous his yef Jes clenliche / uor f e loue ])et he hej) to ous /
and uor to gaderi oure herten. and oure loue. and uor
fise scele : propreliche hi bye)) y-cleped / yefpes,
Whj they are HUERUORE HI BYEb T-CLEPED TEPbE OP JjE HOLT G08T.
called gifts of the ' '
Holy Ghost ^^ hueruore hi bye J) y-cleped / yefje of pe holy
wlrtoThr^" ^ost : Ja7?.ne^ yefj)e of pe uader / and of pe zone, uor alle
wtadomto^h?"' ^^^ dedes / and hire yeffes byej) co?nmun. (1) J)er-to
^oodnw^'to th ^y^^ tuaye sceles. pe one. uor fan Jet ase workes of
Holy Ghost. Biyjte / bye J appropred to pe uader. and pe workes of
^ MS. ehenliehe ' more panne f
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WHEREFORE MAN IS SAVED. 121
wysdom/ to Je zone : alsuo pe workes of guodnesse : to
\>e holy gost. vor* guodnesse is / ase zayjj sanyt denys / [• Ma wi]
to lere him-zelue. Vor yef a man yeff fat him na3t ne
costne]) : f et ne is najt grat guodnesse. Ac uor J)e
holy gost. be byse zeue yef bes / spret him-zelue ine oure These rifts sprsMi
"* * 1^ In our hearts m
hei-ten / ase zayj) zainte paul / ase be zeue streames. hy seven streuns.
})eruore hi byej) propreliche y-cleped yeffes of Je holy
gost. Vor he is be welle. hy byeb be streames. And The Hoiy Ghost is
° '^ J J r r the well, the gifts
]>e ofer scele is / uor }>et J>e holy gost is propreliche J?e m« the streams,
loue/ bet is betuene be uader/ and be zone, and beruore istheiovebe-
' '^ . '^ / r r tween the Father
Jet loue is Jje propre / and ])e uerste / and Je hejeste and son.
yeffe : J>et man may yeue / fet ari^t yefj). and ine jjise est of aii guts.
yef}>e : me yeff / alle ))e ojre. and wyjjoute J^isen : non
ofer yeffe ne is najt ari3t y-nemned yefj^e. ])eruore is The Holy ohost
arijt J>e holy gost propreliche / yeffje / and yeuere. Vor forhegiTethand
he hiwi yef}> : and is y-yeue. Ine echen of J?ise zeuen [Fol sr. a.)
j^et he yefj) uor to confermi oure loue to his / ])et hi
by feruent / and guod / and zojje / and clene.
HUBRUORB IS MAN Y-BOR3E.
Vor tuo Jjinges is J>e man yborje. be Je be-uliynge why man is
saTed.
of kueade : and do fet guode. ])et kueade beuly / and i. By eschewing
hatie : ous dejj J)e yeffe of drede. ])e ojjre zix dojj ous i. By doing good.
J)e guodes to done. J^ yeffe of drede is J)e doreward cacnes u»**to flee
to J)e greate >reste. J>et is to zigge : to Je greate freap- SfotSi sir gifts
ninge of godes dom / and of Je pine of helle. })et is J^|«"*®^<»
echedaye / aredy and arise, f et is fe wayte of Jje
castele / fet neure ne slepjj. Jjet is Jje wyed hoc of fe ][*S»fJ^J!.'*"^
gardine fet uordej al }>et kueade gers. )jet is Je hor- J^^^J^j^ii^fuj,,
dyer J)et lokej) J>e herte / and alle fe 'guodes }>et byef ^^* h k f
ferinne. J>e ojre zix yefj^es / ous make}) Je guodes to the garden,
done.
Nou sselt J>ou ywyte / fet ase fe brij[t]nesse of }>e ThesongiTee
. 11 1 I ^teht to the world,
zoTine bet Jou izixt yefj) lijt to Jje wordle and utrtue / and virtue and
strength to all
and streng]}e to alle ])e jjinges ]>et wexej and come)) to things in it;
\q wordle. alsuo de]) ])e holy gost ])et ali^t in houene Ghost gives Ught
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122 STATES OP HEAVENLY BEINGS.
to thoM who are and ine QTpe alle J^o pet bye]? in grace / and men / and
There are three angles. And al alsuo ase ine heuene / he]7 pn stages
h^n. ° ° of uolke / ase zayt saynt denys. huer-of pe on is
God^imThew he^ere. Jje ojjer men. Jje Jjridde lowest, pe he3e8te / byej>
ase fo / }>et byejj of pe kinges consayle. J>ise hjep
alneway mid god pe nixte pa.nne pe oJ>re / and jzyep
8. The middle and yheref / and hi7?i : and his pnuites. pe men
baron* and [midliste] / byej) ase pe barouns / and pe baylifs J>et
gouemej) and wytyej) Jje kingriche / and gaop / an
comejj. and lyemiej? of fan of Jje consayle. an fet hi
3 ^rt '**^tow?- ^^^^^J' ^^^ makef hit do oJ»ren. J)e lo3este / bye}) ase
*nto)- sergons and po }>et bye}? ine office / and habbef pQ
mestyeres / and do)> pe offices / and pe messages ase
So are there three me ham z&yp. In bo manere / and in }>o norbysne he}>
states of God's
sons on earth. he pn states of godcs zone ine er)>e. Huiche pe holy
gost / let / and condueJ> / ase myp sainte panel. J)e on
1. Those who lire stat is of ban / bet byeb ine be wordle and libbeb be
bj Gods behests. r I r J r r r
godes hestes. and be Jjet hi leuef / and yhyerej) of hyre
2. Those who ouerlyngcs. )pe ofer stat is of pe stedeueste / Jet of al
in heaven and habbcj) Jjc hcrton out of pe wordle / ))et ysye}> god ase
earth. moche asc me may ine J)ise lyue. and habbej) hire con-
uersacion ine heuene / and pe bodyes ine erjje. and pe
JoJ?ra*them- liertcn mid god. j)e fridde byef ine pe middel stat /
Tj G^dib^h^S! f®* gouemef. wel / of er ham / oJjer ojjire. and libbej>
be pe hestes of god. Jpise J>ri maneres tekf pe holy
gost / and let / and goueme}? / be f ise zix yeffes. and
ham to-delf f ise graces to echen to his wylle o^ zayj>
Thet^oftrstof j,q apostel. pe tuo uerste of fise zix yeffes / belonge])
(knowledge and to fan / fet bycf of fe uerste stat. pe yeffe of con-
beiongto thoseof nynge : ham tekf. And fe yeffe of pit6 : makef haw
The two middle to bidde. pe tuo midlcsto / belowgeb to ham of be
ones (counsel and
strength) belong middel stat. be yef be of red : ham gouemeb. And be
to those of the «.^ ii , , ix/
second stage. yetf c 01 strcngfc : uoluelf fe nyedes. pe tuo laste /
(understending belongef to ham of pe he3este stat. J)o yeffe of onder-
long to those of stoudinge : his alyjt. pe yef J?e of wysdom / hise makef
6 ig est s . g^^gmjg^ I Qj^^ jjjg canfermep / and ioyncf to god. An
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BELIEF, HOPE, CHARITY. 123
ojer skele f er is / hueruore f er byej? zeuen. Vor fe
holy gost be bise zeue yef bes : bestrepb be zeue zennes The seven gifts
nrain fe nerte. and plontef / and nonssef zeue ui'rtues seven sins from
con[t\ran.e8 j J^et makef man stedeuestliche yblyssed. [FoI. sr. b.]
Jjise bye}» J>e guodes / fet )>e holy gost makef ine herte
huer he descendeb be bise zeue yefbes. Ac erban ich ^ ^u now speak
' ' ' ' of seven other
decendi to be mVfcues bet byeb co7i\i\raviQa to be zeue Tirtues, whereof
^ r J r L A r t^ree aregodly
zewnes : ich J)e wylle speke ssortliche / of zeue oj^re and four cardinal,
uirtues. huer-of fe }»ri byef yclieped ^ : godliche. and
J)e uour bye}» y-cleped cardinals.
Of bE bai UERSTB U/IZTUES. Of the three llret
'' '' virtues.
J3e f ri uerste clepej saynte paul : beleaue. hope. Belief, hope, and
and charite. and byej) ycleped / godliche. Vor fet hi godly, they direct
ordaynej) hare herten to god. Beleaue / ase zayj> saynt By be?ef we ao- *.
austin : ous zet onder god. and hi ous dej) beknawe ^ ** «*
and to byknawe. to J)e Ihorde / of huam we healdej? al
J?et we habbejj, of guode. Hope : zayf . hi ous arerej Hope ndaes us lo
to god / and ous make)? Strang / and hardi / uor to on-
dernime uor him J?et hi fet pace)? mrtue of man.
Charity. \\a zay]?. hi ous ioynej? to god. Vor charity ne charity joiikth us
is oJ)er )>ing bote dyere oninge. uor hi dej> of J?e herte
and of god : al on. ase zay}» saynyte Pol. Beleaue /
y-zi3t ine gode fe hejeste zofnesse. Hope, cuerlyche
hejnessa and ouerliche mages t6. Charity, ouerliche For three twngs
^ ^ one loveth a man.
guodnesse. Jjise fri utrtues byej) to-deld be fri degres i. Having heard
. . some great good
of loue. Vor bn binges me loueb ane man. Ober uor of him.
2. Having leamt
|>et me hejj y-herd grat guod of him. Oj)er uor fet me great good of him.
onderstant grat guod of him. Ofer uor fet me hej? on- ceived great good
deruonge grat guod of him. Jjise fri maneres of loue :
byejj ine J)ise f ri mrtues. Loue of beleaue : hyerj? ine
dede. Loue of hope : uelj) fane smel / and zekj?. Loue Jf^^e^^n ^**
of charit6 : nimj). and zikf. and zueljj) / and halt. * JJ^T*^"*^*^
» MS. ycheped
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124 POUR CARDINAL VIRTUES.
OfthefourcardI- Of JjB UOUR U/JITUE8 GARDINALES.
Dal TlrtuM.
oodgiTeihand ^^ f® "^^^ u/rtues cardinales spekef moche J?e
iThSSd^umS' y®^^® philosofes. Ac J)e holi gost hise yeff / and
oid**hul5S?« tekj) / betere an hondredsife. ase zayj) Salomon ine J)e
boc of wysdome. Of fise uour utrtues )>e uerste mo
1. Sleight (Pro- clepef/slejjje — , fe ofer temperance. J)e fridde/strengjje.
perenM. J?e ueife / dom [ri^tuolnesse]. Jjise uour mrtues byef
Doom (Jiuiioe). y-cleped cardinalB. uor ])et hi bye^ hejest amang pe
diuAi yirtaea. uiHues / huoT-of fe ycalde tilosofes speke. Vor be
))ise uour urrtues ))e man goueme]) him-zelue ine flae
wordle. ase J)e apostles gouemef holy cherche be his
* ?fh)m^f**^ cardinals. Slejjye : lokej) fane man )>et he ne by be
betniiied. nono sle3j)e of f e kueade y-gyled. Temperance, fet
pmeiTM man he ne by be none kuede loue amerd. Strengbe. bet he
flrom being " ^t t
marred by wicked ne by be tycue. oJ)er be drede. ofer be zor^e : ouercome.
a strength bean Jjise J)ri hycldej) man ine guod stat auorye him-zelue,
sorrow. Dom. hine zet ine ordre and ine ri^t stat a-yens ojre,
Vor hi yelt to echen al ])et his is. Jjise byef fe uour
Theaearethefonr tours ine ))e uour comycres of ]?e house of ]>e guode
the hooM of the * manne / }^et make)) ]?et hous ziker and Strang. Slejjje :
»n?itrrafr^ liit were)) wyj) })et yeast be porueynge aye f e perils.
Te7?iperan[ce] / aye fet zouj?. aye J?e wykkede hetes.
Strengf . aye fet nor)>. aye f e wyckede cheles. Justice.
ay[e] Je west, arye Je wyckede raynes.
Of the office of the Qp Ijj; OFFICE OF bE UOUR U/JBTUE8.
fonr Tlrtuea. ' '
Thiw toitt Vwuee \>^ ^^^^ uirtues habbef diuerse offices / and
have divene mochel ham diuersej) ine hire workes / ase zayf an aid
filosofe ])et hette platoun ine his boc ))et he made of \q
uour u/rtues. and hise to-delj? wel sotiUiche. and zayf.
th )>et slej))e he}) ])ri offices, uor be ])ise uirtue al ))et man
direct^Ini^aright dej) / and. zayj) / and J)engf . al he di3t / and let / and
word, and^deed. reulej) to J)e lyne of scele. ne noting he nele do : bote
rijt and scele. And ine alle his workes he him porueyji
J>et hi by do / by f e ordinance / an4 by J>e wylle of
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BLEIGHTy TEMPERANCE, STRENGTH, DOOM. 125
god / J)et al y-zi3j) / and dem]?. A grat Ihord ssolde he
by ase me f ingj? / f et fise onelepi mrtue hedde : and
be ])i8e pn J>inge6 him gouemede.
TeMFSJZANCB. Temperance.
})e u/rtue of temperance hej) pn offices. Vor herte ^^Ij^^jj**""
J)et fise office hef ne wyle / ne ne wylnej) f ing : fet ***^ <>***■•
make]) to uorj^enche. Ine none ])inge he ne agelt pe
laje to looie zikerliche. and onder him of scele he zet /
and dret alle fe couaytises of J)e wordle. pet is to
zigge. he f et heJ) J^ise Ui'rtue. he him loki / J?et he ne S,!'**^?,?!^^"
by amerd be fise fri finges J?et fe wordle ssent. ase theainofthe
zayb saint Ion. zenne of ulesse : and prede of herte. heart, and the
' oovetonanen of
couaytise of J>e wordle. the world.
StRENG])E. BtrnuptlL
J5e mrtue of strengfe / heJ) alsuo fri offices. Vor 2<l!7iffl^**ind
huo Jet fise mrtue heJ) : he him arrerej) an he3 a-boue JSj^^rS^f^ST*
fe perils fet byej) ine J)e wordle. No J?ing him ne dret / ^*>'***-
bote vileynie.
Aduerset^ / and prosperity / he berf / and folej)
wyjK)ute wepinge. ne arijthalf ne alefthalf. Wei ssolde
he by guod kny3t / j>et ine J)ise fri Jinges were wel y-
proued. Jjise fn m'rtues armenj) / an ordaynej). and JiSTS^uw of
agrayfej) man / ase to f ri deles of Jje herte / Jjet me Jjj^*)^'^^^
cliepej) * scele. loue. and strengfe. Prudence / lokej) *^®"«*h.
fane scele ^ / fet hi ne bi beca3t. Temperance / loke))
]>ane loue / pet hi ne by amerd. Streng))e. loke)) pet
wyl : pet hi ne by ouercome.
B13TUOLNES8E. EighUUneffl.
Riatuolnesse*. makeb bane man ordeneliche libbe RightftUnen
'' -* ' ^ ^ makes man to
amang o])ren. Vor ase zayj) platon. f is is ))e u/rtue / ure orderly
J)et makef J)et pe man a-yens echen def J)et he ssel do. tojieidreTerenoe
Vor hi yelt reuerence to ham J)et byej) a-boue. loue to y^*** ***"^®
' MS. chepe> * MS. sclele ' MS. pi^taolnesBe.
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126 'the secessitt of charity.
fid^* h!^ *!?* d" ^*^™ ^®* ^y^'P ^zide. grace to ham |«t byef benefa
"""thwir^ *^ ^ f^^ ^^'^ utrtues ydo / is J« man worJ)i Jjet he by
gouernour uerst of him-zelue. and efterwaid of ofren.
Ine piae nour u/rtues ham stndede )?e jealde filozofes
fet al pe. wordle onworfede / and uorlete / uor nirtue
to zeche and wysdom. and Jjeruore hi were y-cleped :
vhttmnphf tiff- filosofes. YoT filozofe is ase moche worb : ase loue of
Diflci the love of
wtodom. wysdome. A« god hou hit ssolde ous ssende and astonie /
The old pbikMo- hua/me J)o J)et weren paenes / and wyJ)-out la^e y- write
to climb unto tha het mitt ne coube of be zobe gi'ace of god / ne of be
Hill of Perfertion '^ ^ '^ r r o ,i»
bj strength of holy gost : ne wenden. hi cliuen in to ]?e helle of per-
tlwlr own Tirtae, /../»,., ^i. . /-«
pat no^iied feccion of hue be strengj^e be hire 03ene uirtue / and
•h«ni«. who, bar- ne daynede na3t to loki ope pe wordle. And we f et
lief, yet wallow In byc]) cr/stene / and habbet pe zope beleaue and conne
world. fe hestea of god and habbef pe grace of pe holy gost.
Yef we yzeje }»et we mijte more ine one daye profiti /
ponne hi ne moje ine one yere y-hol / we walewej ase
Wherefore uith zuyn hyer benebe / ine bise wose of bise wordle. beruore
8t Paul, that the
pagans doing the z&yp sanynte paul / fet pe payens J)et byej> wyJ)-oute
law shall Judge us la3o / and do)> pe la^e. ate daye of dome : hi ssolle ous
and do it not dcme / J>et habbet pe l&^e / and na3t hise do}». Ac uor
fan fet hi ne hedden na3t ri3te byleue / ne pone holy
gost / ne none m'Hue. ne lyf / ne zope beknawynge : hi
virtue without ne ^ mo3e y-wy te hou moch^ f et hi weren uayre / uor ase
dead coal or dead moclie ase fer is be-tuene dyad col / and quyk / man
dyad / and man libbinde : ase moche }»er is be-tuene
u/rtue J)et is wy}>-oute charite / J)et is f e guodnesse /
and pe worJ> / and fet lyf of pe of re u/rtues. Huer-of
The four cardinal saynt austin huawne he specb of bise uour uirtues / he
virtues are four / , , , *. , ,, .
kinds of loves, his to-delJ> be uour manures of loue. and be uour fmges
fet zop loue makef. patme he zayj) / Jet pe urrtue of
loâ„¢ o?the'heart prudcucc ! 18 pe loue of hcrtc. fet wyslyche uorlet / al
Mkeraut^iuttmaj f®* ^^ °^*y ^^^^ie : and chyest al fet him may helpe.
***â„¢- and habbe bet he loueb / bet is god. be mrtne of tern-
Temperance en- ' f t f o ^
abins man to give pcrance is J>e loue of J>e herte / huerby he hi»i yef f y-
Qoii. "^ 1 MS. «o
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THE GIFT OP DREAD. 127
holliche and wyfoute comipcion to J?et ha louef / J>et is
to god. Jje u/rtue of strewg}»e / is Jje loue of herte / strength enables
huer-by he folejj strongliche alle Jjinges fet mo3e come / things.
uor bet he loueb. Justice / is be loue of herte / huer- JuaUcwiatheiove
* * ' ' ' whereby he Mires
by he serueb onlepiliche and wyb-oute more / to bet he Ood and putteth
,,,,., , , , , / all other things
loue|>. ])et IS to god. and uor zuo moche de]) onder not onder foot,
alle ofre finges. Jeanne dom zet man / ine his ri3te stat
J)et is aboue alle J^inges / and onder god. WyJ)-oute J)ise without these
uour uiVtues non ne may cliue in-to be helle of perfec- may cihnb unto
,^ , , , ,,,.,, theHUlofPerfec-
cxon. Vor huo fet wyle zuo he3e clyue / him behoue}? tion.
ate uerste ])et he habbe prudence / ))et him makie to
onworf i J)e wordle / and strengj^e J)ermide / fet hi?7i /
yeue grat herte / of grat J)ing to onderuonge, and U0I3L /
Of oferhalf J)et he habbe temperance / uor f et he ne
by to moche y-charged. and ri3tuolne8se J)er-mide / fet is
J)e ri3te pej). and hiwi sse^vy godes riche. ase god dede
to lacob. ase zayf f e boc of wysdome. Huo ]>et J)ise Whoso had these
uour uirtues Hii3te zuo habbe / he ssolde by wel p<?r- blessed and per-
fect / and yblissed ine }?ise wordle / and more ine f e world, and morw
oJ)re. Vor he ssolde by ine payse of herte. and ine
blisse gostlych / na3t ne sso[l]de hiw faily / ac wexe ine
god J)et he ssolde habbe ine hiwj / ine huam he hi/?*
ssolde lyky.
Nou we ayen comeb to oure kende. and bidde we Let na pray the
^ r •* HolyOhoBtto
mid al oure herte / bane holy cost / bet tekb be hertes. teach and show us
' ' "^ ° ' ' ' ' how He, by these
bet he by oure auocat / and ous teche to sseawy hou he gifts, strippcth
'^ ' the seven sins
be bise zeue yefbes : bestrepef fe zeue zennes of oure from our hearts,
herten. and he zette / and norissy J?e zeue uirtues.
Of ])B YEPj3E OP DREDE. ^^.^""^
J)e yef|je of drede : is fe uerste / of >e yef|jes. J>et '^^^^^
kest out alle fe ze/ines of fe herte. ase we habbej) yzed thesins from the
beuore wel propreliche. He bestrepf J>e rote of prede. it strippeth Uie
and zet in his stede : J>e utrtue of mildenesse. Nou settethiniuitead
loke and onderstand wel hou. J>e zene3ere fet slepj) ine the rirtue of
/ineeKness.
bet heb The sinner Is like
the drunkard.
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Me how low be
128 THE 8IXXER*S UXCONSCIOUSXESa.
whoksowBBot al uorlore in be taueme / and ia zuo naked and zuo
hto iMkedJuai aad
poTerty. poure : yet he ne he]) na^t ac na^t he hit ne uel)) ne
plajne]?. Ac he wen^ hy a wel grat Ihord.
Ac ^anne he hej> j-slepe / and com^ to hiTTi-zelue :
P&nne he yuel]) his kuead / and knau|> his folye / and
The flnt food tiwt him plajnej) of his hann. \)ei is pet nerste gnod |»et
doth to uie â– inner pe hoIy gost de]) to pe zene3ere / hoanne he him uisite]?.
hto MrnMe, VoF he hiw yelt his wyttes / and his onderstondinge /
â– o that he may ^nd him breng}^ ayen to hijn-zehie. zuo pet he him
knau)) / and hiw reuertej) huet guodes ne hej> uerlore /
MdhowwMto- fli^d ine huet pouerte he is y-ualle be his zenne. ase
•quMidered hto ^^^^ P^ guode maunes zone fet his eritage wastede and
heriufe. dispe/idede ine ribaudie and leuede lecherusliche /
alhuet him behouede to loki zuyn. ase oure Ihord ous
makej) ))ise uorbysne ine his spelle. Atenende pe
zene^eres * ase zayj) Salomon is ase ])e ilke f et slepj)
amide ])e ze / and pet ssip spil)) / and he na3t hit ne
The Binner to m uel^ / ne none drede ne hep. Ac huanne pe holy gost
irona and fetters. hi77i Qwokep I ])a7ine 3ruel]> he and zij)) his peril / and
guarded. Mwu begin]) to habbe drede of him-zehie. And yet eft pe
St Peter In , «. -n *. a • • • • j
Uerod'B prtoon. zcue^ere IS ase pe like ])et is me pnsone in ysnes and
The wwtch ine ueteres / and ine greate lokinge / ase wes saynte
the gibbet, but peter ine herrodes prisone. and pe wrechche ne ])eng])
dreameth that he of him ])et hine halt : ne of pe gibet ))et him abit. ac
and weddings. slep^ aiid met ))et ha ge]) to festes and to bredales. Ac
as the angel that J>© grace of pe holj gost is asc pe angle fet awakede
imd deiiTored him zaynte petren / and him deliurede of pe hand of herrode.
Hlfr^.*fo*rhr***' ^^o^ hi awakc)) Jane zene3ere / and him deliurej) of Jje
n^*l!!^d*dinwS ^*^^ ^^ f® dyeule. Ateende^ pe zene3ere is ase Jje ilke
SiweToVthe*"* P^^ ^^^t ^y Strang / an hoi / and he hef fane dyaj)
Thl^iinner ween- ^^^^^ ^8 clojjes. Vor he hej) pe kuede humours and
Jtthihlth^th corruptes ine pe bodye / huer-of he ssel sterue wyj)-inne
under hto clothes, ^ne monfe. and he wenf libbe yet uourti yer / ase
zayf elyuans ine uers of pe dya])e. Do away J>e scofFes
The Holy Ghost and be scomes. uor zuich mo wrikb onder his clobes
to the good physi- ' ' '
dan. Jet wen]) by Strang and hoL Ac pe holi gost is pe guode
> semyre f * Atenende ?
/Google
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THB sinner's sickness. 129
leche/ pet amaystrej) his ziknesse / and chongej) his tbatmMteTBth*
humours, and him yef> zuych a byter medecine : fet ^vrth^^uch
hiw hel>. and hiw yef> fet lif. Alsuo troblef oure JiSttt'h^"*
Ihord pe herte pet he wyle hele. ase aayjj dauij> in pe S^^®"*
sautere. and him wyj>-nyinj?* / and dej? him come ayen Our Lord trouWee
him-zelue to knawe / ase he dede adam: oure uerste hewuihefti.
uader effcer pe zenne fo he him hedde / amang pe trawes
of paradys. Hueruore he him zede : *adam huer art bou?'
^ Three queBtions
pn o^re acsingges made he be enne of his angles to pe »ked the angei
]?ieme [of] saynt abraham / ])et hette agar ]?o hi ulei^ uram she fled from her
harelheuedi. Agarhezayde/'huannescomst fou. Huyder i. whence oomerti
gest]M>u. HuetdestJ)ou1' Jjise fri acsinges makej) fe holy S^^tLT?"*^"*"
gost to pe zene3ere huanne he awake J and arerej) and him Si^* *^
opene^ pe e^en of pe herte. and himyelt his wyttes and xh2e**throe**"'
his onderstondinge. * Huer art Jou ? ' zayf he : fet is to q™^<»»« **>•
sdgge : * Yzij* wrechche ine huiche zones /-and ine huiche ^ ^^ â– ^â„¢>"'
. . . ., „ ' ' when he awaketh
penis }^ou art in piBe wordle. Vor ])ou art ase be ilke him and openeth
hie eyes.
fet slepj ine pe ssipe / J)et is yspild / and najt hit not "Look," he says,
ne onderstant his peril' • Huawnes comst Jjou? ' fet is to i^^^rt!''^'^
zigge: * Loke wrechche J)i lif ca' arrieres / uor }»ou comst ^^^^1^"^
uiam pe tau^me of Jje dyeule / huer Jou best / fi lif **»• d«^'»
y-wasted / and y-lore fine time / and alle pe guodes
J)et god J>e hedde y-yeue.* * Huet dest J>ou V Jet is to ^^^^ ^^^ttie
zigge : * Ysy hou Jou art fyeble / and brotel / and Sr «»* feeue
uorye fet body / and a-uorye pe zaule. Jou wenst by ^^ how thy
hoi / and Strang, ac par auentwre J)OU heat pe humours J^ thM*to"
ine pe bodye fet pe ssolle lede to pe dyafe. And ine '^"»-
pe zaule j>ou best kueade feawes / f et pe ssolle lede to
pe dyaj)e of belle : bote pe grace of god : pe ne werie.' j^y^^^^^^
Effccrward. *.huidergestJ)ou]' j)et is to zigge/* wrechche «*«* that thou
bench / and loke / and onderstand / bet bou gest to be and ehait fui *
\ , „ . / / J, ^ •« / Into the hand
ajBkpe, ofer fou sselt ualle ine pe hand of herrodes / ofthedeviL
}>et is pe dyeuel / and to his mayn^.' And feruore z&jp
pe guode man. * Man may longe his lyues wene / and Han thinks his
offce him lyejej) his wrencL ase uayr weder went in-to but often is he^*
»«y|>.«yit|»inMS. « So in MS. « te in MS. dwelled.
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130
HOW MEEKNESS GROWS IN THE HEART.
All shaU drink
of death's drink.
wherefore repent
thee, ere thoa
fiill fkt>m thj
Thou goeet into
hell where is fire,
brinutone, and a
thooeand erer*
lasting paina.
Theeefoor
questions are
like four strokes
of thunder, that
astound and
terrify the
How mildness
waxeth in the
heart.
The four
thoughts above
mentioned strip
the garden of
the heart of the
four roots
of pride.
These roots are
the four horns
that God showed
to Zechariah the
prophet.
The four smiths
are the four afore-
said thoughts.
When man
thinkethi
heoometh, and
understandeth
and knoweth the
poverty and vUe*
ness of his birth,
[Fol. 40. a.]
then the grace of
God enables him
to feel his own
nnworthiness.
rene / and uerliche make)) his blencli. J>er ne is nojjer
king ne kuene / J}ot ne ssel drinke of dea]>es drench,
maw feruore J>e befench / er J?ou uaUe of Ji bench / J)i
zenne aquench.' ]}ou gest to ])e dome / huer j>oa sselt
uinde : ))ane domes man zuo steme / and zuo stout / an
ruo strayt / an zuo mijtuoL J)ou gest in-to helle / huer
])ou sselt ymnde : ver. and bemston. and a ^ousond
pinen / |>et neure ne endej) fQ uor to pinL And ^us
dej) pe holy gost to j>e zenejere / ^ ejen openi and [he]
yzyj Brboue / and benefe / and beuore / and be-hynde,
piae bye]) uour strokes of ])ondre / pet astonej) ^ane
zen^ere / and make)) ssake / and habbe drede. And
))ise uour to zi3^ / byef pe uour smale roten of pe rote
of mildenesse. yet fe yef))e of drede zet ine ^e herte of
pe zene3ere huanne god him uisite)).
HOU MILDENESSE WEXT INE HERTE.
J)e uour ))ojtes be-uore ysed strepej of ye gardine of
fe herte / pe uour rotin of prede yet Jer bye)), huer-of
ye proude wenf / of azemoche ase can habbe. oyer
azemoche he is of mi3te. oyer azemoche ase he can
conne. oyer ase mocho ase can by wor]). fise bye)) ye
uour homes, yet is to zigge : ye uour comardyes yet
amerre)) ))o contraye / yet god ssewede to zakarie ye
profete. Ac pe uour smijes yet he him ssewede efter-
ward / yet comen efter ye uour homes to uelle : hyey
pe uour fortes be-uore yzed. Vor huanne ye man yengy
huawnes he corny / and onderstant and knau]) his
pourehede / ye vilhede / ye brotelhede of his beringe /
hou he wes beyete in zenne / and of zuo uoule matere
y-mad And y-ssape. and ine zuo poure house y-her-
ber^ed ine zuo greate pouerte y-bore. and ra])re dyad
to ye zaule : ysnne ybore to ye wordle. in huiche
zoi^es he wes y-norissed. ine huet trauail he hey
yleued. hou he hey his time uorlore. and he jn^y
fane greate heap of his zennes. and ye guodes Jet he
hey uorlete to done, panne him dej* ye grace of god
IMS. d^
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THE TREE OF MEEKNESS. 131
yuele mid herte : f et he ne is najt worf. Efterward Afterwwda when
hiian[ne] he pengp huer he ye / and j-n^p J>ise wordle / wjur* he ia. that
pet ne is bote an exil and a dezert uol of lyons an of »deMrtftiUof"
Hpare. a forest nol of ))yeues an of calketreppen / and of fo^^Vof
grines. ane ze uol of storm / and of peril, a fomays anhet **»*•*«»»
mid uer of zenne and of zoi^e. a ueld of uiy^t huerinne
him he-ho\xe\> enre to libbe ine werre and wy3te* mid
dyeulen Jot zuo moche byej) wyse / and sotil / and
Strang. Jjawne hiw dej> j)e grace of god yuele to zof e / ^^ w."^"
and to apareeiuy his onconnynge / and pet he ne can J^JJ^f" "*
najt Ate laste h[u]awne he fengj) and onderstant his
zennes and his defautes ase he is uol of zennes and ydel
of alle guode. panne him yefj) pe holy gost y-uele his
pourehede / and fet he ne hej> na3t. Eft«7n^ard huanne
he y-zi3j> be-uore him huiderward he gej). and he y-
zy^p fane dyaj) to huam non ne may wyfstonde, he
yzi3j> his demere god / zuo rijtuol be huas hand him thought of us
be-houejj guo. he j-n^p pe pinen of helle / huiche non ihows um hie
ne may ascapie. panne yefJ) him god iuele J)et marines iSMSenitathe
mijte ne is na^t / and fet he ne may najt. Huanne he I?JJJJo^Jj^.»
j-n^p psaine / and uelj) / and onderstant ])et he ne is
najt woTp I pet he najt ne hej. ]>et he na^t ne dej> /
and pe% he ne dej> na3t / and ])et he ne may na3t.
panne beginf he uor to byenne poure of spirit. Ine
bise uour bojtes / byeb be uour boaes of be rote of be
^ ./, \.. , .; „ ^^ Thetreeofmeek-
trawe of mildenesse. pis trau is yzet bezide pe welle of ness is set beeide
godes diede. huer-of hit is echedaye y-wetored / ine God's few.
wyntre : and ine zomere. fet is ine wykkednesse and ine ^ JJITetepe
guodnesse. Nou sselt fou conne J?et ech of J)ise zeuen Smu^togood
mrtues. hueiof ich onderstonde to spekene of his stapes. !j[^^^
huer-by profitej) an clif)) / and wext ine pe herte. and virtue groweth
his dedes / and his guode ])eauwes / huerby hy hare acypreeB^ora
8sewe]> wyJ)-oute. Vor mrtue wext an he3 ase palme / ,„,d i^readeth
oJ)er ase cipres. of er ase cedre. and f anne spret and J^^^eft!" ^^^
keste his bo3es : an ech half.
9 •
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132
THE STEPS OF MEEKNESS.
Of the steps of
meeknest.
This virtae, hath
• Mven step*.
The first step is
to know one's
poverty and
defects, and to
feel one's own
unworthiness
and vilencss.
Some inow their
fitults bat do not
feel them.
The second step
is to feel and
bewail one's sins,
and to endeavoar
to get rid of the
sorrow and
sickness.
The third step of
meekness is to
confess and shrive
and cleanse oor
hearts of sin.
The fourth step
is to desire to
make known
one's nn-
worthiness.
The fifth step is
to hear willingly,
gladly of our own
ikllings and
imperfections.
The sixth step is
a willingness to
endure reproach,
Op t)B STAPES OP mil[d]hedb.
Of fe mrtue of mildenesse specjj saynt ansalm. and
zayj) J)et hi hej? zeue stapes huerby hy clif)) an hej / al-
huet J)et hi come / to perfeccion. Non onderstand wel
hou. \>e ueiste stape of mildenesse / is to knawe his
pourehede. and his defauto. Vor ase zay}> saynt
bemard. Mildenesse is ])e utVtue ^t make]) ])ane man
him-zelue to onworfi / and healde uor viL Huawne he
him knauj> zoJ>liche. pia knaulechinge wext of nour
roten beuore yzed. Ac j>er byej) zome J>et wel conne
hyre defautes and hire pouerte / ac najt hit ne uelef.
Jteruore is fe oJ>er stape : ynele / and playni his de-
fautes and his pouert6. And fet he yuele his 20130 and
his zicnesse / he yemf blejwliche to f e fisiciane / and
zaij J)et he y-uelj jje kueade humours ine pe bodye.
blij>e he \b huanne pet he may his purgi and keste out.
and f eruore is fe f ridde stape of myldenese / his zennes
and his kueade wylles blefeliche beknawe / and ssriue /
and his herte clensi. Ac f er byej> zome J>et beknawe)»
hare defautes / and y-uelej / and zor3Uolle byef / and
wel ham sriuej). Ac hi nolden anone manere fet opie
hit wyste hou hy doj>. Jjeruore fe uerj)e stape is of fise
mrtue : wylni to by y-knawe / and y-healde uor uyl /
and onworj. Ac J>er byeJ) effcsone some fet wel
yk[n]awef and uelef / and ziggef here defautes / and
ziggej) wel : ich am a kuead / and zenuol / and zuych /
and zuych. ac yef an oJ>er him zede : uorzojre fet is
'SsoJ? / J)et J)OU zayst : zoi^uolle hi wolden by / and
woldcn by wrofe to J)e dyaf e. }?eruore is fe vifte stape
of fise trawe / yhere blefeliche of him-zelue. and Jjet
me him zigge his defautes. and fet is J>et saynt bemard
zay)> / pet pe zojje milde : wyle by hyalde uor vyL
najt ase milde y-praysed. Jjeruore is pe zixte stape
huawne pe man folej in Jjolemodnesse J?et he by uoul-
liche y-draje / and ase persone onworJ>lych / ase dede
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THE PBRPEOTION OF MEEKNESS. 133
J)e guode king dauid / Jjet Jjolede zueteliche / and Iheste •» did D«vid when
ane sergont fet hette semey / J^et him freu mid stones / •tones »t Mm, and
and him missede / and him zede al fet he couJ>e of uouL wm.
Yet eft ber is a stape / huerinne is be uoUe of perfec- The seventh step
* . . , . 1 i \ .-I iaawiUingneMto
cion of )>ise mrtue. pet is wylny to zo]>e /and mid be esteemed vue,
herte wylny wyJ)-oute fayntise : to by y-hyealde vyl / JSmcuted.
and villiche to by y-dia^e. pet is arijt pouert6 of gost. Thiaistrucpoverty
of spirit and meek*
and ini[l]dehede of herte. Moche louede f ise pouerte f e ness of heart.
riche king of heuene. huanne zuo uer he com hit uor
to zeche / ase uram heuene : to fe erfe. Wei he hit
louede ine herte / J>o he hit zuo dyere bo3te / f et al f et
he hedde / and J)e robe of his regge he yaf / uor fet he
wes zobuoUiche poure. Mochel he louede mildenesse / Much did Christ
Xove meekness
huanne ])e iike ]?et neure zenne ne dede. ^e ilke ine when he came
huam nes neure defaute / him dede amang J)e fyeues. Saur»mongrt
fet wes amang adames zones / and him clofede mid J)e *ii« «>'»<>' ^^^•
clofe of J)e zenuolle / and of J>e misdoere / uor fet he
wes villiche y-dra3e ase a J>yef Hueruore he zede to
his apostles fe ni3t of fe sopiere / mid groate wille.
Ich habbe feme paske y-wylned. fei is to zigge : feme
dyaj>. J)ise ssame. fwe wendinge. Non he3ere ne may
fis trau arise. And huo fet were al-to fise stape of
mildenesse y-cliue : wyjK)ute drede : he ssolde by y-
blissed ine bise wordle. Vor be ilke bet bis zede : ne chnette^jhethus
'^ f f ' to be meek, and to
may lyeje / ]>et fe he3este zof zai]> mid his moufe. leamofHim,
* Y-bHssed byef ]>e poure of gost.' And hou J?et ]?is by /
he him ssewef huanne he zede. * LyemeJ) of me : and
najt of obren / uor to by milde of herte ase ich am. «» ^^ ^f ™ay
' * I •' find rest for our
and J)Ou sselt uinde reste to fine zaule.' J)is reste is f is «o^*-
blissinge. Ac huych f et hit is / ne huet hit hatte / -^^j ^^ ^,
non ne wot: bote he fet hit nimf. Jeanne yef f ou when thou hast
wylt ywyte huet fet is : do f i mi3te of fine herte zuo ^"j^JJ^Jf
moche ouercome / fet f ou by y-cliue to f e zeuende J^^^h^^
stape of mildenesse. and bawne bou mijt fmyt gaderi ther fruit and eat
^ r r y J c> of the tree of life.
and ete of fe trawe of line / ase god zayf ine fe boc of
zi3fe.
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134
SEVEN BOUOHa OF MEEKNESS.
Of th« Mv«n
boughs o^ meek-
man.
1. To honour Ood,
Ltopnifleothen,
8. to dosplM one's
â– elf. 4. to love po-
Terty, 6. to minis-
ter Joy ftilly, 6. to
beAee prmlse. 7. to
be In good beliet
The msn traly
meek honours God
as a child doth iU
He believes His
simple word, and
that Is the begin-
ning of 'well-
doing/
The heretics will
not believe Ood
without good
pledge and strong
evidence.
OfthisdUbelief
comes all i
of heresies.
True bolleven
have a hundred
times more flttth
in God's word than
in aiqr miracle]
they may see.
Of J}e zeue bojbb of mi[l]denesse.
Ovt of fe trawe of mildenesse wexej zeue bo3e&
uor Jjis utrtue hiy/i sseawej) ine zeue manures, be god to
worfssipie. be oj^ren to prayzy. be biTTi-zelae to on-
worJ>i. be pourebede to louie. be blefelicbe to serai, be
beriynge to byuly. be him-zelue of al / ine god y-leue.
J)e zojje milde : worjjssipej) god in fri maneres. Vor he
jlefp simplelicbe. He J)onkeJj treweliche. He bim bit
dcuouteliche. He bim worssipe^ uerst / ine ])et be bim
lef]) simplebcbe of al J>et be zay^. ase dej> ])e btel cbild
bis mayster. and uor ]>is skele / hef ouie byleaue
merite. panne buo pet wel ylef)) : god grat wor]>ssipe
bim de]>. alsuo ase be de)> to )>e manne woT))ssipe fet
Imn lef)> be bis simple worda and ))et is fe beginnynge
to done wel / J?et is nyeduol to alle fan / j>ct wyllej
bam bouer^e.^ ase zaip zainte pauL ])et me ylef]) god
ope bis simple worde ))et al is zo]) ^t be zay)). onlepi-
licbe uor ])et be zayf wyJ>-oute ojjre skele to zecbe. and
wyf -oute ojre proeue zecbe. Vor Jjet byej) fe bougies
and J>e heretiks proude uorlore. uor bi noUef yleue
god : wyJ?-oute guod wed. pet is to ziggene : bote-yef
bi y-zy kuik scele / ac bi bam byealdej / and ziggeji
ase pe gauelere be bim bait to pe wynnynge peame to pe
simple worde ne wyle nonen yleue. And Jerof byej>
y-come alio J?e maneres of eresye / and of misbeleuinge.
Vor \>e blynde proude / j>et bare wyt wyllef emni to
godes wysdome / bi noUeJj y-leue fing ]>et god zayf /
bote-yef me ne betoke bam guod wed. pet is to zigge :
oJ)cr fane quicke scele / ofer aperte miracle. Ac we
pet pe ri3te byleaue hyealdef / yleuef betere an bon-
dred zijje bim Jjet ne may na3t lyeje : fanne we ne dof
ne miracle / ne scele / ne bim-zelue Jet we yzej>. God
zayj> be wile deme euiinne /"be bis dedes. and of eche
ydele worde / pe bebouef yelde scele to bim / ate daye
of dome. J)e milde f et pia yberf / bit yleff . and dret /
1 bou^e ? or bor^e f
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OF TRUE MEEKNESS. 135
an dep payne to loky his herte / and his mouJ> / and
alle his workes. Efterward fe zoj^e milde / ponkef god The tmiy miid
treweliche of alle his guodes / pei he hiwi hej> y-do / »u Hia gifta that
and J)et he him de]> echedaye / and J)et he wyle do. o?^"^''*^
Efterward ase we habbe]> y-sseawed / ine pe zigginge of
prcde. Vor fe milde is ase J?e poure man / pet of
little elmesse : hej> greate blisse. and yelt ])onkes mid
herte / to his guod doere. ])anne huarzne pe milde / ne
yzi^]> ine him na3t / hner-bi he bi worj^y to pe breade ceiveth oomes of
fet he et / he be-knauf treweliche / and j-n^p / and J55! *'^*** *"
onderstant / and ylef]) / )^t al hit is of klene grace /
and of yeff e. and na3t of him. al fet god hi?n zent /
and yef|> / and lenj>. And nor ))et he ne leff najt of
him-zelue / of pe guodes of his Ihorde / J>et be his hand
pase]? : j^eraore is pe seigont trewe / ase z&yp sant
bemard. Efterward pe zope milde worf ssipef god / He praja to God
meekly, with true
and him byt mildehche. ]?et his to zigge mid zojye tean and aimpu-
teares / J)et come}) of godes grace / and mid ri^tuolle *^Foi.4Lb.]
oninge of herte. Yor hit him ])ing]) / ^et he is ase ])et foritaeematohim
child )?et is echedaye beuore his maistre / and najt can child, thatfa each
his lessoun. Ofer J>et he by ase ys pe poure ine dotte. ^^'iJJIi^ow-
J)et is y-ualle ine pe hand of gaueleres. and najt ne he J) J^®* **^ *^
huermide hit may endy. Ojjer fet he by ase is pe fief or like a thief
yproued / and y-nome and mid mo fanne an hondred S^ah'^JJ^
misdedes J>et hej) nie3 pe wyppe ine pe nykke. And J)et ^^^1^^^^
he is ase pe y-maymed ate porche of J>e cherche / J^ot »«"" hia ne<k.
ne hep none ssame uor to sseawy alle his maimes to maimed at the
alle ])on ])et pet guof / uor ]>et me ssolde habbo of him hath no shame to
pite. Yef Jjou wilt panne lyemi god to bidde. and to to exdte thHity'
aouri ari^t : J>ise uour hit wytnessef. J)et child, he fet "ifo e^'n'""""
Is ine dette. pe pyet and he ^t is ymaymed.
bB 0j3BR BOa OP M1LDBNE88B. The second hough
'^ ofmecknesa.
Wone is of J>e zoJ>e milde opTen to herie / and Themeekinhe«rt
praysy. and poty him uorf / an worJ)ssipij. Praysy ine ^^X^i^^i
herte / herie ine mou]>e. and be dede : worjjssipe / here. â– "* honoured.
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136
OP THE MEBK HEART.
HeliUk«tiMbee
thatieekethtiM
floweiy fields and
He touch no heed
of other hmo'b
He praiseth othen
for three reasons.
1. He belioveth
other men's wit
more Uian his
own.
S. He desires the
wUl of others to
be followed more
than his.
8. Hotmsteth
more in others'
virtoes than in his
own.
Themeekexcnseth
and palliates the
fliults of others.
The proud man,
on the contrary,
delights to hear of
other men's
defects.
He is ase ^ smale ule^e ^t make^ ))et hony. and
beulyj)^ stench, and zekf fe ueldes yflouied. and of fQ
flouies zouc)) J>ane dean huerof hi make^ pet hony uor
his hous to astorL J^t dej; pe milde herte yet na^t ne
nyni^ hede of stench, ne of \fe lackes of o])ien. ac alle
pe guodes pet oJ>re habbe]} y-rewarded and loue]). and
here}?, and prayze)» and amceyuej pe zuetnesse : of
deuocion. hueruore his bodi is ondo: and his inwyt
uolueld. * YoT-zope zoj) hit is y-bore of stones and of
ulyntes / kan he zouke Jje oly / and Jjet hony : V ase ous
tek)) pe sauter. Yor he ne wille nenne zuo kuead / ne
zuo hard / ne zuo zenuol : ]?et he ne can dia3e matene :
god uor to herie. Ine his herte he prayzej; o]}ie / ine
pn maneres. .Vor he ylef)) more ojjremanne wyt :
J>a»ne his 03en. He wile Jjet pe wil of ofren bi more
y-do : panne his. He him fyej> more in o]>res mrtue ;
fawne ine his. Al pe contrarye dej> pe proude / ase wo
habbej) be-uore yssewed. Efterward he herej) / and
praysej) pe oj^re be speche. pe guodes )^t o]>re do]) / and
habbe)) : he hise he3e)) / and herej). j>e kueades : he
his excuse]) / and loje]). and lesaep. pe myddelguodes :
he onderetant ine guode / and went alneway in-to pe
guode half. And ])et is aye pe ]>ri queade techches of
pe misziggeres / ])et arerej) f et quead : an 1030]) fet
guod. and pe middel finges ouerJ)raweJ) and mis-wend-
ep. Be dede he worJ)ssipeJ) eurinne / and praysef ase
moche ase he ssel and may do. wy^oute misdo. J>et ne
de]) na3t pe proude. oc alpe contraiie / ase we habbe])
be-uore y-ssewed. ine pe chapitele of prede.
Of meek heart.
The meek heart
keeps all his vir-
tnes behind his
hack, and his de-
fects before his
eyes.
[Fol. 42. a.]
He is like the co-
vetous man, ho
Of mildb herte.
Wone is of milde herto. Jjet alle his guodes he he])
behinde his regge. and alle his queades : beuore his
e3en. An ferof com]) / J)et of asemoche fet he prayze])
more pe o])re : pe more he him-zelue misprayse]). He
is ase pe wel couaytouse wrechche / ])et alneway he])
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THERE 18 A HOLY PRIDE. 137
j>et e^e to J)e guodes : J>et oJ?re habbej) / and doj) alneway. »»«» an eye to the
and makeb alneway sewblont : bet he ne heb n&tt. Vor (for there la »
, . , , , , . 1 , holj oovetoomeea
asemoche ase ]}er is an. holy prede : alzuo J^er is an holy uui a holy envy).
coueytise / and an holy enuye. Hit is ase hit is of ))e
litel childe / ]?et is ])e kinges zone / and eyr of ))e king-
riche yet wep]) ine his crete. and na3t ne kan of his
he^nesse / ne of his richesso. He is ase bet simple ssep. He,iiketheiimpie
. , ,,. . , , o ,, 1 ,t -, riieep In whan all
me huam al hit is gnod and profitable, and woUe. and la good and profit-
skin, and uless. and melk. and frut. and dong. and ne flesh, miik, frait.
wenf / and ne kan najt. ne na3t ne |»engj). Ine fise ^^JS^i^^
manere zayf saynt abraham J)e greate patrMU'che. J?et he Jn*'JJ^'*n,a„ner
nes bote esssse and doust And saynt lob. bet wes zuo saint Jot apeaka
*' ^ ofhimaelfaalmt
moche grat to J>e wordle. and holy ine god / pet zayde aah, aparka.
of him-zelue. ' Huet am ich bote esssse. and spearken. min,' wind, aha-
and hor. and stench, wermes. wynd. ssed. and smech.
J>et fe wynd berj) and gaderej> draye. f et to na3t ne is
worb : bote to pe uere.* And alsuo ase fe zobe milde Aa the true meek,
one pralaea oUiera
here)) pe of re and mid herte / and mid mou])e / and in a threefold
mid dede. ase we habbej ysed. alsuo he blame]> him- m in three waya
zelue ine piae J)ri manures, he him J>ingJ> J?et leromes ^^•^^""••**'°**^
zayp of himzelue. pet yef he eth / ofer yef he druicj> /
yef he wakej) / yef he slepf / Jet J)e ilke orible bosyne
him went to pe yeare : *com to fine dome.' And feruore
pe ilke ]}et nele na3t by per ydemd : he ne endi neure
hiere : hi/w-zelue to demo and damnL wib-nyme his ">* «>n<>«mn» ^>»»
' '' deeds, worda, aiii
dedes. and his wordes. and bis ]>03tes. and clensi. and thooghta.
telle, and we3e. and wyf erwe3e. and wyjj-nime. Vor he ^^J^i^^J^^n in
y-2i3j) more yno3 of chef : pajine of com. And J>eruore ^^ "*"«»
J?et he ne by y-demd ine pe cort of ri3te / ne he nele
na3t lete ne smal ne grat / J>et ne ssel by examened /
and y-zed / and y-demd / ine pe cort of mercL Jjet is wml2f"*Sr*'
ine holy ssriffcte ine J)o cort. huo acountej) ari3t : he is ^^^ ^^^
al quit. Ac ine pe cort of ri3te / ))et ssel bi ate daye of
dome / huo ))et ssel a3t : him behouej) paye. ne neure ^^^J^^^^^
aqm'tti he ne may. and feruore ha ssel by ydammed. ^J^^^**** **
Vor he mot yelde : oJ)er hongy. A. alias huet ssel pe
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138 THE FOURTH BOUGH OF MEEKNESS.
^h^ ^"■^ ^^® P*y® • ^^ ^^^ ^® ^®^ ^*® f^^^ nhicke y-carked
then be kwded mid zenne dyadlicli 1 Hue bet onderetode and yuelde
with dawUy ilii. *f r j
^ise ^inges / he him wolde hyealde / and wy])dra3e
uram scomes and uram leazinges / ])et he he^ yuounde/
^riv?hl!L giSiy *^^ f^ ^>^ °^^® / ^^ ^^ ^^^^ >®^ ^^' f*^ ^y
and oft. wyllej? haw loki clenliche / hy ssriue)> ham blej)eliche /
and ofte. Ac litel is wor]) to maky guod dom : bote
)>e demere ne by efterward yprayzed treweliche. and
]7eraore al-zuomoche ase ))e zo])e milde / make]) of Imn-
zelue guod dom / ine zorje of herte. and ine ssiifte of
He most doom mou])e. and zuo de]> be dede zo\ dom. Vor he him
to um gibbet of" dem)> ase ane )>ye£ and he him de)> zoj^liche to j>e
gybet of penonce wy^-oute slacnesse / and wy)K)ute
ypocryeye.
penanoe.
S^mwSi^?^^'* J^^ UBRJ)E BOJ of MT[l]dBNK88B.
[F6L i2. b.]
Hvo J?et hate]) prede : he louef pouert^ })et zet J)e
klvtS^"a^r* ^®^ ^^3® / *^^ feruore alle zojje milde louyej? pouerte /
and byej) poure of gost. Jje zojje milde loue]) pouerte
tor three reMone : uoT })ri sceles. Vop fe perils J)et bye]) ine richesses.
rich^ ^ ** Vor ])e guodes ])et bye}) in guode pouerehede. And
ki'^St ^''^ uor fet god louede zuo moche pouerte J)0 he wes ine ])e
8. for God loved woidle / and yet hit louo)) / ase ])e holy wrytinge wyt-
nesse]) in ucle stedes. Jeanne zay]) he in ])e sautere /
God hear* the ])et he y-her]) ])e benes / and ^e wylles of ])e pouie. and
SiS of the poor, l^ani poruayj) / and agrayjjej) hare lyfnof zueteliche /
HSifeS!'"'^ and mid guod sauour. and he is hire refu / and ham
msm Father to gg^j g^^y j^jj ^ayj) / Jjet god is Jje uader to J)e poure.
and ham he J) y-yeue mijte / o])ren to iuggL And oure
outetbieewidthe j^^ ^^ biginnynge of his uayre sermon zayf. '])et y-
rich.*""** "*• blyssed bye]) fe poure : and a-corsed hied » fe riche / ]?et
habbej) hyer hire paradis.' Ac fe zoje paradys / he J)
he y-yeue fe poure. zuo : fet hi hit mo3e yeue / and
zelle. Ac ])e wordle nele y-leue / ])et god zigge zo]) /
not*beiIeve thirt Jet pouert6 by ])ing y-blisaed. Ac ])et is of ])e rede of
poverty lebieeeed. ^^ j^^ uader. ])eruore lesu Crist zay]) ine his spelle.
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THE FIFTH BOUGH OF MEEKNESS. 139
* Vayre uader ych yelde pe fonkes and heriynges. J>et fise
))inges 7>hed / and y-hole best : to ]>e wyse. and Lise
liest y-6seawed to be milde.* be milde his y-zyeb / and ^he meek man
•^ ' ^ ./ ./ X / love* poverty •
wel his yleueb / and louieb / an hondredzibe more hundred ume*
, ' ' ' ' \ more than the nlff-
pouerte : )>anne ])e ni)>ing de)> his nchesse. Ine ]7ri gardhu wealth.
))inges ssewe]) ]»e man / ]»et he lone]? pouert^. Huanne inthnewaja.
he louejj and halt ble JeUche pe uela3rede. and \>et ly£ j ^^ ,^^ ^^
and fe wones of ])e poure. Hire uela3rede he louej? / hoi^ communion
ase iesu crist dede fei hulls ha wes ine pe wordle. Vor chrut once did,
kende wyle ]>et fe lambren louie ham togidere / and
beuly pe wolues. and pe children ham louie to-gidere.
and beuly )>e uela^rede of fe greaten. and pe milde
haw louie to^dere / and become uelj^es to-gidere. Lif "et/ofu!!*^
of poure man is poure. uor he ne zej]) / ne metes of grat ■"* '*<*•
prts / ne robes out of scele. ne non host hi* ne zechep / [>»•»]
ne ine robes, ne ine ridinges. ne ine main^. ne ine
festes. ne ine uela»edes. Blibe he is yef he heb his : ^^ *■*»• " *»•
-^ I */ I have his Buaten-
8ostino7u;a ac he BoSrep and honger / an ])OTst. and ^<»*
chald and hot and cheastes / and manye bitemes^.
and alle zuiche ])inges pet pe kueade poure de]) / and
)>ole]7 : wiUe he nolle he. j)e zope milde wilne]) / and 2. He tuifcrs and
]>oleJ) gledliche uor god. a-last hit is wone of pe poure ^kiy for Ood!^
manne / ])et yef he ne he]) na^t / ne na3t ne may
,, -AJvi. 8.Hehaino8hame
Wynne : he ne he]» none ssame to acsi. And pe zo]»e to aak for what he
milde : heggep echedaye. pe benes and J>e oreysons of wldheg»e«shdaj
guode uolke / and of uryendes of god. huer he wenj jJ^JJ* P"y«" '«
mest of guode. and more he be-leff ine hare helpe :
panne he do ine his 03ene guodes.
• The fifth bouffh of
J)B VIFTE BO3 OF MILDENESSE. meekneiwr^
MoekncM lovea
Prede / louej? wel he^e stedes. Mildenesse : pe loje. low places.
pis is pe dyamod^ of noble kende. J^et nele najt sitte ine that needs not to
gold, ac ine poure metal ase yzen. And zuo hit is of xhroomlsever
pe hyeape of huete y-Jjorsse. pe comes byef benefe / SiriTt*!hau^'
and J>et chef a-boue. Ac oure Ihord ssel uawni his com / 2Jl,^Si^
ate daye of dome / ase zayj? Jet godspeL and ssel Jrawe C^ol «. a.]
« So in MS.
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HO OF THE ORNAMENTS OF OBEDIENCE.
The chaff ahau go ^t chef in-to J>e ueie : and fet corn in-to pe greynere.
t)e more ]>et / yet gold is clone : fe more hit wee]?, and
fe more pet hit is heui : )>e laj^re hit ubI^ to j>e botme
The meek nun -^^^ P^ moTG fet pe man is milde : pe more he louej
prefers i<iwpiaoee» lote stedes. ase dede lesu crist and his zuete moder /
and follows the ex- ^ '
ample of Christ j,et ous jeaue uorbisne to semi and to bou^a na3t "wyjj-
mother. oute more to pe gratteste : ac to ))e loste. and ]>e mora
pe seruise ys onwor]) : fe ble^laker pe milde hi77» dep
Jerto. Jjeruore wyle teche oure Ihord lesu crist / pQ
MeekiuMw la the uet to wesso to lus poure. \>&mie mildenesse / is moder
propreliche / of bo3samne88e. and hire norisse]) / and
mother of obedi-
ence.
tekj) / an lokej? / Jet hi ne by y-coruwped / ne by
ydele blisse / ne be zoT^e / ne be grochchinge / ne be
aiidhedeckethher o^ene wvtte / ne be osene wille. ne ine obre manure.
with tiU her oma- „ _ . , ,, ,
ments. Hy hisc Sigrajpep and azet : mid aUe hire oumemens.
Of obedience. Of BO3BAMNBSSE.
There are weven
ornaments of obe- j)e oumemens of bojsamnesse : byeb zeuen. Jjet ys :
dimce.
That is, that one ])et me bou3e prestliche. gledliche. simpleliche. kle?^
Kiadjy, 8. simply. Hchc. geneialliche. zuyftlicheJ and wiluolliche. J)e milde
neno^le! swiftly, J-^Jp beiiore* his ejen : Jjet he ys pojire and naked, and
Themeek obedi- ^® ^^P niede bote uoT hiwi-zelue. and Jeruore he is
»i'ior"ever rwid *^®way agrayjed / ase byej pe ssipmen ine ssipe. ]?et
to obey the cap. ase zone ase he' y-hyer]) fane smite of pe lodes-maw ne :
hi yemej) / hi Iheape]) ase wode. j)e milde bou3j) gled-
He is as obedient Hche / uoT he is ase be hassasis. bet ys blibe hiia;ine he
as the ass is to Itfl ' ^ Y J Y
master. hejj pe heste onderuonge of his maistre. Jjet pe perils /
and pe pinen / an fane dyajj he ondoruangj) ferwyf /
mid to greate blisse uor pe loue fat he hejj to pe obedi-
David preferred ence. Jjcruore zayde dauij) ine pe sautere. f et he loucde
goidorprecioos betere pe hestes fet god him made : fanne he dede /
He obeys simply, gold / ojjer stones of pm. J5e milde him bou3j> al
"tofsh^p*!**"** simpleliche ase dej? fet hors / oJ)er Jjet ssep / fet J>e
ssepherde let huer ha wyle / J>et ne zayjj neure huer-
Hoiy simplicity Is ^iqj^ guQ ich hidcT : more banne bider. Vor one of be
the character of ^ * ' '
meekness. guodc do3tren J>et mildenesse hef : is holy simplesse.
1 Zuyfihclie in MS. ^ homre in MS. » Uf
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THE SIXTH BOUOH OF MEEKNESS. 141
J)e milde is wel trewe to eod / aae is a ffuod llieuedi to ''**• "^ ^
'^ ^ o / o true to God.
hire Ihorde. ^t nele to nonen queme foUiche bote to
hare Ihorde onlepiliche. and ))eniore non ne boa3)> zuo
clienliche ^ / ne mid zuo clene onderstondinge : ase de]i
)>e2o])e milde. J>et ne hate)> bote uor to kueme Je ^^JJJ^^^J^
wordle. Eft^rward be milde is wel zuift and wel ingnel / "« •■■"** ^
huanne mrtue of obedience and be wyl of god / mid his slow to obey his
o / ownwilL
ouerling him ber]>. Ac huanne his o3ene wyl him berj)
and let him. he is slac an sleuuol wel to done. Ase is
]ye sterre ]>et hatte satt^me make)> ]»et asemoche yem]» He !■like the
in onelepi daye mid J)e firmament^ ase J)e firmament ^*"^^™™-
hine let : ase he de]» ine Jnritti yer ine his ojene sercle /
and ine his o^ene yeminge. Ate laste ]»e milde bouj))
generalliche oueral ]»er he ylef^ )>et he queme to god /
and ine alle binges ase deb be asse of be melle. bet ase i<< ** uke the
r— o rr r r miii-Me that wiu
ble])eliche ber]» here : ase huete. and lyad. ase ))et com. asUef oany
to j)e poure : ase to ])e riche. Eft^rward )>e milde is ^â– â– ~â„¢*
wel Strang, uor he chonge]» his strengjje mid godes [Foi.4s.b.]
8treng]»e. ase zayj) ysaye Je profete. ]>eruore nis he najt : ^^J^^{^'
J>et ne may here. Vor god berj) and him and his ber^ Sod^rtreMth.
done / hueruore he bo^J) wij) guode wille and bleuin-
deUche. uor he ne is neuremo weri / ne ])e zonne ]»et He i* like the
god let / and breng)> uor)>. and Jw more ha leuej / fe "^^ ** "*^*'
more him wext his stre[n]g))e. alsuo ase ])e litel amote.
Nou mi3[t] )>ou wel y-zy / hou mildenesse Je tekj? wel to
serui / and parfitliche bou^e.
. The elzth boiurh
J)E ZIXTE BO3 OP MILDENESSE. ofu
be greate maister of mildenesse lesu crist bo he Owtatwaethe
greet maater of
hedde y-preched / and y-ued ]>et uolk / and ])e zike / meekneae.
and ]>e ymamed y-held. ])o he uleaj aboue ])e uolk in-to
be helle / uor to by ine bedes / ous uor to teche to He unght xu to
avoid pniae and
beuly J>et los and \q blondingges. and Jieruore \e trewe flattery,
herte milde / ase hi7» pineb to done wel huanne he whwwforethe
' -^ * mild heart
bou^J). alsuo him paine)> to be-idy los / of him-zelue "trivM to beay
ansuerie uor fane wynd of ydele blisse / and J>et
1 MS. efienli€h4
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142 THE SIXTH BOUQH OF MEEKKES3.
His tnutiain ga<i©rej> uor ])e rage / and uor pe tempeste of euele
m rock. tongen / ine pe ssede of f e roche. ase zay)> ysaje. ])e
ThbrookiflChritt. like loche is lesu cn'st him-zelf pet his reste / and
bri[3]tnesse to pQ milde. pei him lesiep pe irchouon. aae
zayp ]>e sauter. pet by pe milde herten y-carked mid
Oar Lord Ism ))ome8 of ssarpncsse of penonce. An Jet is fet coluer-
whmain rMtofch hous / hueiinne restep and him de]> pe colore oure
Ihord. ])et bye]» )>e milde herten and simple nor J^e
uo^eles of praye. |)et byej pe dyeulen. Huanne pe
milde herte / hej) zuo moche y-do / J)et he is y-guo in-
to pe hole of Jo roche ase ])e colure ine his coluerhoas.
In recording the bet is huanne he recordeb bet lif of iesu crtst / and his
life of Christ the ,
mild heart forgets holy passiouu : uor Janno he uoryet alle his zoi^es /
and praysej lite al Jet Je wordle heJ. and is worj. and
He desires to be ™*y* ^^^ J®* Jis heJ a-sayd / na3t ne williej more /
Irattm i^uuT^ Janne uor to by uorlore / and uoryete to Je wordle.
world. Pq "v^ordle is him prisoun. onhede / paradis. Vor ase
zayj Je wyse of him-zelue. Jet he ne is neuremo lesse
When alone be is allone / bote hua»ne he is one. ne more ine niedes :
with his two '
best Mends, bote huaTtne he is ydeL Vor he ys banne mid his
with Ood and *' /
himself. tuaye beste urie[n]de& Jet is mid him-zelue / and mid
god. per tretej he of his gr^ate quereles hueruore alle
HetakeedeUgbt ojre niedes him bingb trofles. ber he him to god / and
only in what U ' ^ '^ ^ '
pleasing to Ood. god to him / be holy Jojtes / and be stedeuest wil.
])er he uelj ' Je greate zuetnesse of confort / Jet god
yefj ine pnu^ stedes / to Jan Jet him dredej. ase zayj
Je sauter. and Janne alle speches / and alle wordes him
tyenej / and greue J / bote-yef hi ne by to god / o Jer of
Thnsthesooi g^d / ojer uor god. Jjous biginj Je zaule to louie on-
^^^^^ hede / and stillehede. and Jawne him wext ine herte
theSxwt **"* **' *"^® ^®^y ssamnesse / Jet is one of Je uariste do Jter* of
^"ta«le!*'' mildenesse. Vor al ase a mayde Jet be greate loue
A maid in love loue J / he J* grat ssame he J* Janne hi is aspid / and y-
^en^u***â„¢ her J Jet me spekj : of hire, alzuo heJ Je ilke huanne
hi y-hyerj Jet me spekJ of hire : and of Je guodes Jet
god him heJ y-do. And ns^t uor Jan hi dej ase dej
1 An « has been cancelled before u. * So in MS.
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THE SEVENTH BOUGH OF MEEKNESS. 143
pe like mayde strongliche opnomeof loue.' uor huet pet and she teeketh
pe wordle zigge / ojer conne speke : alneway zecj) lii pe [FoL 44. a.]
balkes and pe deme stedes. ase j^e like j^et ne zecp bote so doth th«
uor to by y-raiiiased ase wes 8ay[n]te paul. ' °*
bB ZBUBNDB BOa OP MILDBNE8SB. Theaeyenth
' ^ bough of
Of piae aquayntonce and of piae priuit^ pe ilke holy mwkneaa.
zaule be-ginb to habbe of god be-tuene hire / and an *• proud of
her aoqualntanc6
holy prede. Vor huawne hi is y-reaued / Jawne to withOod.
heuene / hi loke^ ope pe erpe uram uer / ase zayj? ysaye / she looka upon
_ the earth from
and hise yzy^p z[ujo lite to pe zi3j)e of pe gratnesse of pe afar, and aeee iu
heuene. zuo y-zicj J>e ilke greate uayrhede / zuo dim /
to pe n^pe of pe grate bri3tnesse / zuo emti. to Jje zi^pe
of ]>o greate blisse : panne onwoT])c]) and misprayse]) to
be zobe al bet he heb ine be wordle of richesses and of Theworid'arfchea
, and honour
worbssipe / of uayrhede / of noblesse, zuo moche him •??«" to her
utterly worthleaa,
]7inng]) ]M3t hit is ase pe play of children a-midde pe
strete / huer y-no3 hi trauaylej) and najt ne wywnej).
Him hit bingb bet hit is al wynd / and metinge / and «>* •« **nd,
dreaniy and lieBa
lyejynge /ase zayf asHomon, And banne he be-ginb Then ahe begins
to die to the
ari^t to sterue to pe wordle / and libbe ine god / ase world and ahe
zayj zaynte pauL And panne is hi zuo poure of gost : of apwt.^^'
)>et hi ne hef najt Vor god him hef zuo his ojene
gost y-reaued and be-nome. and ayen y-ueld of his
ojene / ase he dede pe apostles at lokes. \)a,nne him
yef|) J>e holy gost ane zuo greate herte : >et ne pros- ^J^^'rid,
perite / ne aduersete of pe wordle hi ne praze]) ane
nhote. Ane zuo greate zikemesse of inwyt : bet hardi- "*^ prefers
^ J r death to Ufc.
liche abit J)ane dya]>. ane zuo greate hope he^ ine god :
))et per ne is najt / ]>ot hi ne dorste nime anhand uor she la ready to
J>e loue of god- Vor hi hej) )>o byleue huer-of god spek)> â„¢ing forttl"^
ine pe godspelle. J>et is ase Jet zed of mostard huerby hi l^^^fSher
may bote to pe stones an to ))e belles / and hi him Th{J\]^^'^*„
bouieb. bet zed mostard is wel smal / ac hit is wel *ii« «?">*» of
^ * *^ I mustard-seed,
Strang / and wel bitinde. uor hit is hot ine pe uerfe apokenofinthe
degre / ase zigge]) ])ise fisiciens. be hete : me onderstant /
1 MS. has lone.
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144 THE VIRTUIB OF LOVE.
Theflrrtkindof loue. jjc uerste stape of loue aze zayj> saynt be[r]nani
only onewii ^ / buanne fe man ne can ni^t louie : bote him-zelue /
Sntoiov^God. *^^ ^ 03ene guod. J)e o)>er huanne he begin]) god to
fat^cJd tetter ^0^^®- ^ ^* ^ ^0^ ^*^ ojcne guod. pe )>riddo /
f"Vta!J!2[Jd^ huanne he knau)> betero god / and him louej? proprd-
The 4tii ia to be Uche uoT hls guodnesse. J)e nerbe. huanne he is zuo
â– o poea ewc d with
love M to love ynome of ]>e holy loue / )>et he ne louie ne him-zelue /
This lect lore ne god :* bote uor god. ])anne hyer let zo^e mildenesse
meek one. J^n© man. Nou mi3t f ou y-wyte openliche hou J?e poure
^rit^bLocd ^^ g^^** ^y®f y-blissed ine Jise wordle. Vor hi ham
in thiB world. ^y^p jtqq moche ylojed / and emti / J>et hire gost is al
to na3te be-come.* and J>e holy gost hej) fet hous ayen-
Hope nukee the yueld pet is Ihord of J>e herte. and uel)> zuo moche f et
idSj rfhe!^^ hi uel)> J>e mylde. J>et hi his makep king of heuene /
[PoL 44. b.] be holy hope / and be zikemesse of inwyt. And ^r-
STvSrSalSra '^^re zay J ouie Ihord Jjet pe kingdom of heuene is hare /
£it^*"** najt wy)>-oute more be beheste : ac be saysyne zykere
ase fe ilke pet begin)) to onderuonge ])et frut and pe
The ftiu posaes- rentes hou hi ssoUe by y-blissed ine pe o)>re wordle. ]>et
pijloe'in the next ^e may nou parfitlyche y-wyte / al-huet he is Jjer. Vor
^^^"^^ herte of man dyadlich / ne may hit f enche / ne mou)>
demsi.
Orthevirtne Of ])B UIKTUE OF LOUE.
J)e uerete jefpe of pe holy gost : makef pe herte
heart miid(ineek). milde and dreduoL and )}eTuore he)) he ])ane name / pe
yefbe of drede. be ober makeb be herte zuete and milde /
Pity maketh It •' '^ ^ r r r i
aweet and and pitcus. and feruore he hatte : pe yefjj of pit^. Jjct
It la an antidou w proprelichc a dyau / and a tnacle a-ye alle kuead-
*** *°^' nesse / and nameliche aye J)et uenim of zenne of enuie /
itbeetri the ^^©^^^ WO habbejj beuore y-spcke. Vor Jis yefjje be-
root of envy from gtrepj) pe Tote of enuio of pe herte / and hire helf
It rodnoea the zil^erliche. Jeanne pe herte Jjet onderuangjj f ise yef Je /
root of good love, onderuang]) ane zuete deau / )>et his make]? springe / ane
zofte rote / and wel y-tewpred / Jet is guod loue. J)awne
per wext a trau uair and he3 and wel bennde &ut. p>et is
* gmd f • ho-eome in MS.
from whence
cornea a
fair tree.
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ALL SHOULD LIVE IN UNITY. 145
a gaod mrtue and uayr / Jjet me clepe)> ine latin / man- which ib niied
euetudo / ofer beningnitafl. f et is zuyetnesse of herte. hewt."
p&t make]) man zuete and milde / manliede : and
charitable, louiinde / and louerede / nor hi dej? man
parfitliche louie his nixte ase him-zelue. J)is trau he J? TWa tree hath
zeue stapes / huerby hit clyf|) an hej. >e Hke zeue wwrwedimb
stapes ous sseawe)) saynte paul / ))er he ous amonestej? ^ *******
and bit / f et we do oure payne / \>et we by al on ine god.
Jjet is fet we habbe one herte / and enne gost / an one weahouidtryto
loue in god. J)e uerste scele hueniore we ssoUe by al and ipirtt.
on. and ])e he^e / and )>e lo3e / and fe riche and Jje
poure / is nor fan / Jjet we alle habbe]) enne uader ine Beemfle, let, we
heuene / )>et is god pet ous made alle comunliche to his that i«, ood. '
anlicnesse an to his ymage. Jjeruore pmne fet we alle llJhto^ mc?
habbe)) enne sseppere / J)et ous made alle of one '^"^
matme / and hej yssape. and to onelepi ende. fet is
])et we by al on ine him / ase he zayf ine his spelle.
Mochil is grat scele yet we to-gidere louie. uor ech best
ase z&jp salomouns loue]) his anliche. j)e opet scele is secondly, we are
uor we byej) alle cristene ine one cnstenedome / and tme^^SiSSndOTn
riche and pouie. pet is pet we byej) alle y-wesse of one-
lepi lew. bet wes mid lesu cristes preciouse blod. and MidBreanwaahed
, . / , . , , , with the blood of
ybojt mid onelepi moneye. and asemoche costnede pe chriat
on : ase pe o])er. Moche ssel y&nne ]>e on louie ))e o))er
and worssipie / jtet god he])* zuo moche yloued and y- CiMS.hejj
prayzed / and ymad of suo greate dingnet^. pe fridde Thirdly, we aii
scele / uor pet we healde]) alle one beleaue / and we and an bound by
bye]) alle ybounde mid one laje pet is al uolueld / ase
zai]) sainte paul ine pise worde. 'Loue ])ine nixte ase
)>i-zelue.' Of fise dette ne is non quit / uor ping )>et
he de)). {)ise dette ssel ech to o))ren. and huo mest his CFoi. 4b. a.]
yelt : mest he sseL be uerbe scele is. uor we habbeb Fourthly, we
' have one Lord of
ennelepi Ihord / ])et is god of huam we hyealdef alle whom we aii hold
and body / and zaule / and al Jet we habbe]). alle he goal, *"
he]) imad communliche / alle ybojt communliche / to
alien pomey]) communliche / and alle ssel deme com-
10
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146 THE BOUGHS OF LOVB.
and bj whom w« munliclie / and alle medi largeliche / Jo J>et habbef y-
ished or rewarded, hycalde his hestes / and Jjos ssolle by to-gider© yloued
Fifthly, we are tfoweliche. J>e vifte scele is / nor Jjet we byef alle
ta the h^if^ uela^es ine fe ost of oure Ihorde. and his kni3te8 / and
mdldi look for ^s soiideurs / J>et alle we abydef on-lepi ssepe / fet ' is
one reward. j^ biisse wlf -oute ende / huer J)e loue and Je uela3rede
esel by uoldo and y-cowfenned / J>et hier ssel by wel y-
sizthiy, we all hote. pe zixte scele is uor ]>et we libbe)) alle of one
goste gostliche / ase we libbej of on eyr bodylich. Be
andareaUGod'a ]>a goste we bye]) alle godes children be adopcion / ]>et
adoption. is be auouerie / and children of holy cherche / brofer
germayn of uader and of moder / be ane bro])erhede
gostlich / )>et asemoche is worf betere : psaine pe
bro)>errede ulesslich. ase ]>e gost is more wor]) : Jeanne
sercnihiy, we are ijet bodi. be zeuende scele is uor bet we byeb alle
aUUmbsofone t r i 'f w
body, whereof lemes of One bodve. huerof lesu cnst is bet heaued /
Christ is the head. ' '
We au Uve on the and we bye]> ]7e lemes. ])et we libbe]? alle of onelepi mote.
ivthe'fleeh and J^t is of ])e holy uless and of fe holy blod of lesu cnst
Wood^f Jesua ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ moche louej / and zuo moche halt ous worj? :
])et he ous yef)) his blod to drinke / and his uless to
etene. feniore zuo ofte sainte paul dej? ous to be-J?enche
Jjise loue / )>et he ous ssewejj. Vor more qw/c scele /
ne more uayrer uorbisne he ous ne may sseawy of zo]ye
Seven steps of louerede. Yef ]70u wilt wel ])enche to ]>L8e zeue sceles.
pity.*'*'*^ **°* **' J>ou sselt vinde. zeue stapes of loue / )>et come J of J>e
yef|)e of pit6.
Thebooghsof ijjj bO^ES OF LOtTEREDB.
love. '
Of thu stock oome Of J?ise stockc wexe)> zeue bo^es. Vor J>ise utHue
seven boughs, • i_. •_ i. i
forthis virtue is him ssewe]) me zeue maneres. ase me knau]> j^ane loue
ways. ]'et is be-tuene ])e lemes of ]7e bodye ine zeue manyeres.
1. One limb for- Verst Jjc on leme uorberf / and lokeJ> an o])er / fet me
the defects of im- ^^^ ^^ misdo / ne augnsi / ne harmi / be his mi3te.
^^^' and ine J>ise we onderstondef ^ )>e iwnoce^ice Jjet we
We should do to ssoUe loki )>e on a-ye ]» ojjre. Vor Jia heate is y-write
would bTdone by. "^® f® l^orte of euricheu. fet ])ou ne do to ojren : ]>et /
]7et ])ou noldest ])et he )>e ne dede. ne pm ri^i hand
1 MS. tel> « orderstond^ MS.
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ALL ARE LIMBS OF ONE BODY. 147
dede to bine left hand. Efterward be on leme boleb «• <>»« ii"»b doe.
^ ' ' ' not wreak its
zuetliche * / of Je o)>re J>et lie him dej) of angnce / and »pite on another.
na3t him ne aw[r]ec}J). ne non arizinge of wrejje ne
uel]) J>e leme fe on aye Jje ofer / ne ne of-hyealde)). Ine
j^isen we onderstonde]? to uoluelle mildenesse ]7et he]»
)>ri stapes. ])e uerste is j^et man him ne awreke na3t. t)e
o]yer ]7et me ne hyealde na^t ire longe. ]?e j^ridde / ])et s. The umbe
man ne uele none arizinge of ire / ne of hate aye his ^i. i[, the heart
nixte uor na3t fet he dejj. Efterward ])e lemes "^'^^^^^y®^-
bou3e]y aUe to hare ouerling. Yor hi do]? alle mid hare
mi3te Jjet j>e herte acsej) / and >et e3e ham tekj). Ine By an. we under-
fan we onderstondej? ])e uirtue of bo3samne88e huerof J^^JJ^^^*
we habbe]) beuore y-speke / fet he ssel bi ine loue [FoL 45. b.
agray]»ed / and ine charite / ase zai)) zaynte peter.
Efterward J)e on leme helpjj and seruej? Jje ojjren wy]j- 4. one umb help.
and wrve. an-
oute grochinge and wyjj-oute wyjzigginge / and wyj)- other wiiiingiy
oute auarice. Ine Jjisen we onderstondejj )>e utrtne )>et " ^ Jj'^ ^he
me clepej charity. J)awne a man huawne he help]? and virtue of charity,
him Brcordej) blefeliche fe of re mid Jje helpe fet god whereby one man
him he]? y-yeue. bfer him ret / ojjor tekf / of his wytte christian, by hi.
fet he hef. Ojjer yefj> and to-delj) largeliche uor god hi»ridie^orhi.
Jje guodes Jjet he he]?. Ofer he chaste]? and di3t >e foles «»^o'**y-
be fe autorit6 f et he hejj. Ac fanne zayj? me fet he is
nol of charity. And fous hit hat zaynte peter / fet ]?e
guodnesse J?et god ous hej? y-lend fet we hise di3te to
oure nixte. Jeanne tulles fe filozofe zayf. *• we ssolle The phiio«>pher
f enche fet al fet is ine fe wordle and wext : al hit is should aii seek
ymad man to helpe. an fe man uor to helpe J)e on / fe proflt,"*""***"
ofren. byej> beyete.' *do we fawne* zayf he / * Jjef : huer-
uore we byef ybore / and fet kende ous tekjj. and ■• Nature teach-
zeche we alle fet commun profit.' Yof ase zayj) zaynte
paul. *webyeb alle lemes of onelepi bodye.' Efterward / s- AiitheUmb.
^ /I 1 feel what is done
alle ])e lemes uelef / and dra3ej) to ham fet me def to to one of them, be
echen / by hit guod / by hit kuead. by hit blisse / by
hit zor3e. huawne me smit fane not : fe mouf zayf /
bou me blechest. Be ban we onderstondeb be uirtue Bythiaweunder-
^ 10 • stand the virtue
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148 THE TRUE MODE OF CORRECTION.
of pity, that hafli of zopQ pit^ / Jet we ssolle habbe cawmunliche / Jet
two OuaC^fl^
hej tuaye offices / ase zayj zante pauL Bliauol sselt
themietobeffiad jk)u by / to Je guodes pet ojre habbej / and doj.
it7, and to be aor- Zor3Uol sselt )>o[u] by / to J>e kuedes J>et ofre uelej? and
woe. do]). Eftarward / yef J>e on leme is zik / ofer y-wonded :
aicktheothera alle pe opTB him belpej to Jet he by held. Ine Jise we
i*^ta we under^ oii<ier8to[n]deJ Je uirtue of dom / and of amendement.
atand the virtM wi]H>ute huam / Jet body of holy cherche ne may
amendmant, ylesto. YoT Je leme uoFFoted ssolde ssende Je hole.
Huo Jet wile Janne conne hou he ssel his^bro Jer chasti.
and we team how 1^18 nixte / ojer his senont wyjnime / and punissi : nime
!^rt!«ad pu^h ^®^® ^ him-zelue / huanne on leme is zik / oJer y-wonded.
^'^oih '*''***'"'* hou moche zo'rje he J Je herte and gmt compassion
y-uelj. and be Je greate loue Jet he hej ine him / he
him de J Je hand wel zueteUche. And aze zayj senekes /
ase of Je bodye / alsuo of Je herte me ssel zueteliche Je
!^^1!5*^*** wonden agrayji. Vor of zoje loue / and of grat cam-
loveandoom- pasSiou ssoUe Je amendes by y-do. and mid greate
First, we ahouid drede he ssel Je honden do Jerto. Yerst he ssel Jerto
^f^eetadmo- do Je smeringes / and Je piastres of zuete wamingges.
afberwarda the Eft^Tward yef Jet ne is na3t worj : Je poudres efter-
rebSST ^****^ ward and prekiinde / of harde wyjniminge. Eftcrward
Nex^edeedaof j^^ dedes of techuige. and yef he ne dej wyj-oute
Then^iftheaefldi, omparement : Janne behouej come Jet zuord hit uor to
Sword^fexoom- ^^^le / oJer be manzinge / o Jer be hotinge out of con-
mumcation. traye. oJer him do uram him-zelue. Efterward Je lemes
7. Theiimbehon. woTBsipeJ Jo on / Je oJer. and uorberej. uor ase zayJ
and have a kiniy zay[n]te paul. we ssoUe here ech ojren worjssipe / and
[FoL 46. a.] reueience. and nameliche Jo / Jet habej mest nyede : of
feeling for each uoiberinge. Jo bye J Je meste foles / and Je fyebleste.
The good man zuiche me ssel mest uorbere. ])anne Je guode man and
withfooiB, Je wyse berej / and uorberej alneway Je foles / and Je
aa the honee bear fiebles / ase Je buones bereJ Je tendre uless. and Je posft]
the tender fleeh.
Jet hous. pis IS aye Je nuBsiggeres Jet zuo moche
gredej blejeliche Je kueades / and Je defautes Jet hi
8. The umba pro- zyej ine oJren. Efterwaid Je on leme werej Jet ojor
ted each other.
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THE FRIENDSHIP OF CHRIST. 149
ate nyede / and him zet uor him. uor ate niede me
y-zij]) huo is mend. Huanne pe on not slyt : pQ ofer wh«n the one foot
him help)>. An haste huanne me wyle smite pet heaued : helps it.
pe hand hire def be-nore. Ine ])isen we onderstonde]) / in fhu we underw
uoluelde / and clene louerede. ])eruore zayp god in his and friendship.
spelle. ' ])et more louerede ne may by : p&rme zette his •
zaule uor his urend.' J^ise urendiede ous ssewede lesu This friendship
crist pe zope urend ]>et uor ous layde his zaule and his qb.
body to Jje dyafe. and )>et dede he ous uor to yeuene
uorbysne. ase zay b zaynte peter / and sain Ion zay b. wherefore we
ought to be will-
yef god layde his zaule uor ous: and we ssoUe legge ing to give oar
oure zaules uor oure brojren / ))et is uor oure nixte. yef br»uir«n.
we byej) a rijt leme of pe bodie / huerof is Jet heaued.
Huo Jet Jjise mrtue hedde / ich wolde zigge openliche
)>e[t] he ssolde by pe lijte yblissed. Jjis is pe mrtue J>et This virtue Christ
ouTo guode maister lesu ciist ous to3te / Jo he zede. said—
* Yblissed byeb be milde : uor hy ssolle by in sayzine of "Blessed be the
'^ '^ '^ ^ / mild, for thfly
be erbe.' bet is to onderstonde ine bri maneres. Vei-st / shaii possess the
of pe londe of pe libbinde Jet is god zelf / Jet is i. They shau have
woniynge of Je libinde / Jet is of Je hal3en / and of ^^^ w™s«i4
guode men. Ase Je erje is woniynge of bestes and of
men. And Jeruor Jet god Jet is Je land of Je libbinde : who is the land
of ^Jm* livlnff.
he hej his y-bliseed in his saysine. uor hi ne makej
none 8tre[n]gje Jet quemej god ine hire sayzyne / ase zay J
Je sauter. \)e milde zay J / he ssel habbe Jet land ine None shaii have
kende. and saynt augM^tin zuo zay J / Jet non ne ssel un'oMttley «re
habbe god ine possession. Vor hi byej rijtuolliche l^Ss.**' '^^^^^
Ihordes of hire herten. ac ire / and felojiie his
amaystrcj. \>e milde amaistiej Je queade Jeawes. And The meek man
betere is worj / Jet zayj Salomons / huo Jet ouercomj hawts.
wel his herte : Janne Je ilke Jet nimj be stre[n]gje /
casteles and cites. Eft^rward / be milde byeb Ihoides «• The meek are
' lords of earthly
of Je erJe / Jet is of erjliche guodes. Vor yef hi hise goods,
lyezej : hi ne wrejej ham najt / ne ne troublej. Ac Jo They grieve not
Jet ham wreJeJ hua/ine hi hise lyezej /hi ne ne byeJ them,
na^t Ihordes : ac rajre Jrelles. and Jeniore he zay J /hit »»d are not slaves
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150 THE FIRST STEP OF EliUITY.
.i
to worldly pot- is rijt / J)et J>o J>et habbej> hier J>e timliche gnodes and
gostliche / and ham-zelue ine possessioon. )>et hi babbe
ine J)e ende : fet land of fe libbinde / J>et is god biw-
Thepoorshau zelf ine possessioun. Ac nou onderstand and loke /
i^d'theTeSk the >et / J>et god jefp to )>e poure >e beuene. and to )>e
•hall bo unknown, wyfoute / ine Jje zor^e of belle.
[Fed. 46. b.]
Tli« first rtop of P^ UERSTE STAPB OF RIJTUOLNBBSE.
•nS ut ^of the pe uerste jefpQ of J>e boly goat / makef man milde /
Sak^?mlui and dreduoL pe ojjer bim makejj zuete / and pitous.
STtod pitooos, P^ fridde bim make]) bri3te to zyenne / and uol of
and the srd fall of ^1-^3 j^jj^j Jjeruore bit batte: fe yef)>e of wytte,
Vor he makej> man wytuol / and wys. and ame-
Thie last gift cast- suiBp alle j^ing. j>e8 jef^Q huanne he com]? in-to ]7e
eth oat t e root j^^^^ . jjestrepf and kest out pe rote and ])e zewne of
that drivoth a ire / and of felonye / Jjet trouble^ fe berte / and make]i
wite. Jjane man al oute of wytte. zuo J>et be no ping ne yzijf .
This gift eniight- HO uoT biwi / ne uoT ojjren to lede. Ac fes jefpe ali^t
thatViBnotb^ P^ hcite of ech half / zno Jjet hi ne may by y-gyled of
gulled. nonen. Ase Jje yefjje of pit6 him make]? innocent : zuo
Jjet he nele gyly nenne. J?awne saint Ion zayj> ine Je
hoc of n^pe ine goste. Jjet pe holy man )>et wes uol of
Jjise goste / wes uol of e3en be-uore and be-binde. And
The good men an angcl ssewede to zacarien pe profete ane ston buer-
have "seven . . -j.-l-- ' , , j^ , i
aighte." ine wenn zeue e3en. fet byejj pe zeue zi3jjes fet J?e guode
For theyioe Into men babbe J). Vor hi zyef bri3tlicbe / and ine hare
aiiaboStheS! herten / and al abo[u]teham. Jjetis tozigge. be-nejm/
and aboue / be-uore / and bebinde / and of ri3t half / an
This gift Is the of left half. ))es jefpe is pe maister of workes. bet is to
master of works. .#«.., « -• , ■,
zigge / of pe Uirtues of man. uor he def al to wylle. and
It Is the line, rule, to be line / ond to be reide / and to be leade / and to
lead, and leveL '^ '
pe leuele. He nimj uerst bis pncke. and bis boune and
J>et is fet pe wyse zayjj. « Of al ))et Jjou sselt beginne :
loke Jane ende. and to huet heauede pou sselt come.'
It makes the lino Efterward / be halt bis line, uor be ne hej> bouore be
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THE TWO SIDES OF THE HEART. 151
rijte way / and be rijte onderatondmge. na3t ase be ofcondacttobe
Bfcraurht*
eddre / ojjer ase Jje uox. Efterward. he def al be reule /
pet make]7 )>aiie wal emne / and man be ]>e commune
lyue of ])e guode / wyJ)-oute vinde newe hedes. Eft«r-
ward be proueb ofte bis work mid lead, uor be nimb it make* the life
' ofthegoodeyen
hede bet bis tour / ne bongi / ne stoupi / ne ariiltlbalf and uniform.
• w , ^^ ,i. , , ., / •. i • It makes him flrin
be prospente : ne alefbbalf : be aduersite. pes yefpe is and upright
pnour ine J>e cloystre of J>e zaule. Jet lokej Jje ordre / S^velSty.'**^
and de> bi loki oueraL Verst ine Jje berte [Jet] bej> tuo "^^^f^";^^*^'
zides. Je onderstondinge. and Jet wyL Je skele / and ci^terofthe
be affeccioun. Huawne bise tuo ziden / acordeb : bi The heart hath
'^ , ^ ' , twoBldee:
makej wel zuete melodie / and mocbe uayr seruice. Jjet i. The mider-
- _ standing and will.
is buanne wyl wyle / al Jet onderstondinge tekj of 2. The reason and
guode. and guod wil uel J : Jet scele onderstant. nou ^^ thew '»o-
onderstand wel Jise tuo ziden / Jet byej ine Je zaule / ^^tm^od^*"
bou by ssoUe acordi Ine Je one zyde bye J uour lokes / in each ddeiare
four locks.
and ine be obre : uour. Vor be skele beb uour ofi&ces. Resson hath fow
offices:
Jet is uor to acsy. Vor to deme. Vor to be Jencbe. 1. to questioo.
And to ssewy Jet bi onderstant be worde. And Je ilke s. to hethink,
yefje tekJ Jane scele / Jet bi ssel lyerni / and acsy. aJ^g^hTwords.
and ine buycbe ordre / and ine buicbe manere / and to 7^^^?!^^^
f I 1 teacbetn reason
buet ende. And Jet is wel grat nied. Vor to misdo ^^** ^ **»™ ^^
ine zuicbe Jinges / is wel perilous. He dej Jane sck[e]le
onderstonde / and to lyerni Jet / Jet is nieduol and JJJ* ^aUJi^*®^^
profitable / and oneste. and bire wyjdra3j of Je eon- i^on^t.
frarie. A. god bou me lyest Jane time and costni[n]gge ^®^* *'• *-^
uor to lyerni Jing Jet gj ajt ne is worj bote to ydele
blisse / ojer to zenne AcJ)e boly gost be Jise yefJe ^^j^^^^'^t^h.
tekJ li^tlicbe. and make J man lyemi ordenelicbe / Jet eth man what is
is mest nyed to Je zaule to Je loue of god. and al thesouitoieam,
make J to done ine ri^te onderstondinge / and to ri3te
ende / Jet is Je worssipe of god. and uor Je profit of ^^^^^^^^^
bis zaule. and uor to belpe bis nixte. Efte?^ard be ?'<>**•
deJ Jane skele wel to zecbe Jet zoje of Jinges. and
namelicbe bou bi ssel beleue. Wel beleue is buanne He teaches the
soul right belief,
me belefj simplolicbe al Jet god made. zayj. and bat/ that is, to believe
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152 THE OFFICES OF REASON.
without doubt wyb-oute to moche acsi / cuid wyb-oute to zeche be red
whaterer Qod has ' i ^r T
made, said, or of god / and J)e dyepnesse of bis "domes / and ])e
he3ne88e of his magest^ / and ]ye skele of his o)>es. Wei
TnMbdiaf unot beleue is / huanne me ne lefb ne to rabe. ne to late, ne
baatjr or slow.
It examines and to alle / ne to noneiL nor ]7e on and ]>e o]>er : zuo is
ment. ^ nice / ase zayj> seneke. Eftarward wel acsi : wile wel
itdoesnot meddle deme. Wel to deme be-longe]7 ]7et me na^t ne anfenni :
donotbeiongtoit. l^ote me hit habbe wel of-acsed. and ]»anne bote-yef me
by ziker : j^et me ne entremetti to deme ])ing |)et n^t
to hiw ne belongej) / ase byej> fe f inges anhyalde. ))e
onderstondinges of herten / of ]>inges ]>et ne moje tomi
to ]>e ri3thalf / and to ]7e lefbhalf / ]>et me his onder-
This gift enables storade aii^t ine ^e guode half. Jeanne ])es gost / be ]»ise
guuh between yef)>e / makej) ]>ane scele wel to deme / and knawe
good and evil, ^^^ ^^^ ^ destincti be-tuene J>e guode finges and fe
between little kueade. be-tuene ]7e greate kueades and )}e lease, be-
greater. tuene \^ little guodes / and ]>e more. Yor he de]> och
])ing praysy / ase hit is be ri3te worjj. Eft^rward he
de]) J)ane scele befenche. nor he be-J»engJ> to \% manne /
al J?et hiw is nyed / ase god zayf ine his spelle. J)e
It causes man to |)inge8 )}et bye J) y-pased / he hise de)> be)}enche. ])e
needfu things j^inges ])et bye]> present / he de]7 his onderstonde / and
past.
To understand to y-zy. Jje Jjingcs }>et byef to comene : he def poruay /
BeetheSSni^ ^^^ ordayny. and fise byej) J)e fri deles of Je niHue of
to come. prudence be fe filosofe. Efterward he makef ))ane
It makes man to scele be mesuie speke / and ble)>eliche by stille. and
sUentin^season; spekc onne])e. ZUO J)et fe speche come ra))re te Je uile :
])a7ine to fe tongc. Jet hi by y-weje ase guode moneye
and y-proued. ase zayjj. Salomon, fet is J>et hi by of
guode matire / ase of guod metal and of guode ssep]>e /
so that each word ]>et is of guode manore y-speke. and hi habbe his ri^te
weight, lather wyjte / and his ri3te tale, fet is ))et fer ne by ne to
toomuoh nor too jj^^^he / ne to lite / and Jjet hi by wel bezet. uor guod
moneye / ne guod word / me ne ssel na3t y[e]ue uor
n^t. Huerof zay]) ous god ine his spelle. bet we ne
Throw not pearls _ , • ^ . ,
before swine. jJiauwe n^t ouTe pre-ciouse stones to-uoie Je zuyn. Jjes
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THE FACULTIES OF THE WILL. 153
yef()e acoide]> / and ordeynej / Jw ojer half of Jw herte. twb gift gorerna
fe[t] is Je wyl / huerof Jwr byej) uour deles. Loue. The win bath
Drede. Blisse. and zoi^e. ])et is / )et he habbe ])et he iove,draftd,b!iai,
ssel / and ase he ssel / and asemoche ase me sseL when theu four
and fet me yleue alsuo fet me ssel / and ase me ssel j^^^^thenuiey
and ase moche [ ase me sseL Huanne Jise uour """*®"'*"^"
deles bye]) atamed / ]>aime zay]> me ])et ])e man is
attempre. Ase me zay]> of one rote / o^r of one herbe /
])et hi is attempre / huanne hi is ne to chald / ne to
hot / ne to wet. Alsuo ase to J>e bodye of man / comej [Fou 47. b.]
alle eueles uor fe destempringe of flae uour qt^lites / As aii bodily eriis
oj^er of ])iBe uour humours : alzuo of }e herte of ]>e <* distempering"
manne come]) alle ])e uices/ and alle ])e zennes be ^e hamounT
disteppemnce of J)ise }>eawes. Huanne J)ise tuo zdden J^^^^e^^JJ^!
of ^eTme byej acorded and y-ordayned. Jet is fe perano^'of theee
scele and ])et wyL panne is Je man ordine wy))-inne
hiTW-zelue. )?et bye]) he tuo roten of be rote of ane wel Tberoote of the
V * • * 1 -^ ,. X treeof'right-
uayre trawe. Jet is of sue wel uayre utrtue Jet me MneM"»rea
clepej rijtuolnesse. Rijtuolnesse is propreliche / Jet Mnandambdued
me dej be dome ri3tuol and trewe / ne to nesssse / ne to ''*"•
hard / wyj-oute bou3inge to Je one haK/ ne to Je BightAiir.eM is
ojren. Huanne me gej uorj onlepiliche / and a-rijt ase conduct,
line. Yor rijtuolnesse ne is ojer Jing bote oninge / it ib nothing eiM
• •-. - . than union and
Jet IS trewje. Huo Jet hej Jise utHue : he is guod truth,
iustise and wys. uor he ne deJ no Jing bote hit by wel ^Jt^^^h ^^^Ijd***
ofacsed and y-trid / ase ssel do Je guode demere. •»*''*~J«^-
b&nne be uerste stape of bise mrtue is / bet be TheHrrtstepof
V A A Jf I.' V.^ v ^, thl. Virtue is that
man by guod demere of his ojene herte. uor he ssel a man be a good
guo in-to hi?n-zelue / and ysy his inwyt and wel ex- iart.^ ^'^
amini his Jojtes / and his wylles Jet hi bi guode : Jer
kueada and al ordayny to Je lokinge of scele / zuo Jet
Je wyl and Je scele : by of one onynge. Vor ase zayj virtue, uath st
sain bemard. * mrtue ne is non oJer Jing : bote Je ^"JT^IiiilLn
onynge of scele /and of wille.' Jet is huanne wyl com J "***°'''"^
wyj-oute wyjzigginge. speke / and maky / and do to that la. when the
worke Jet scele zay J / and ssewe J / and tek J. ^ reaK)n.
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154 THE SECOND AND THIRD STEPS OF EQUITY.
Thtaeoondttop I)e obBR BTAFB OP BI^rTluOLNESaB.
The Moood step Of ^ise utrtue ^ o])er stape is. ])et me by li^tuol dem-
body in propOT eie / and healde ri^tuoUiche / fe line of rijte. betuene
hiTTi : and ^t is onder him. )^t is his bodi pet he he))
to loki huich he ssel zuo norLssi : pet he mo^e send /
1 Bhooid b0 and zuo teche / and chasti : ])et he wyle bou3e. Yor
tweentheipiru t^ scele ssel by ase a trewe arbytres be-tuene fe goste
and um iiMh. ^^^ j^ ulesse jwt hjep alneway stnuinde. )>et ssel loki
sothat thespiiit bet riit / of one half : and of obre. Ine zuiche man<?ro
belordoftlM ' ^ i x
body. fet fe gost by guod Ihord / and jwt body : by guod
For there isffiMt s^^^goiit- Nou is hit grat nyed to hyealde in Jjise half
need that moder- oneial riituohiesse / and mesure / ine mete / and ine
obaerred in meat, drinko / and ine cloj^inge / and ine hosiynge / and ine
clothing. ssoinge. and ine alle Jje J>inges ^et / J>et bodi acscf .
. Vor hit wel ofte bou3)) more to / to * moche : Jjanne to
Theflvewiuof )>e litlo. Eft^^Tward hit behoue^ fe vif wyttes of ^e
under the a?thoiw bodie wel lede / and reda be scele / and be rit3iiol-
y reaMD. j^esse / ZUO ^et ech serui of his office wyJ>-oute zenne /
and wyjj-oute wyj^niminge. Ase )>e e3en : to zyewne.
pe yearen : to hyere. ])e nase : to ssmelle. ])e mou}) :
to zue[l]3e / and to sspeke. ))e honden / and al J)et body :
When theee Ave to vele. Huanne fise vif wyttes byej» wel y-loked
wite are well , ai«iii
guaidod, then is pawue IS j>e castel ziker / and ysset pet byej> ^e gates
for they aA^thT* ^^ f® zaule. )»et byej) )>e wyndowes huerby com]) in / pe
^S^""^"' ^y^P ^^ ^ f® zaule / ase zayj> fe profete.
The ihirdatepof ])E ])RIDDE STAPE OF RI3[t]U0LNESSE.
rlghtftilneea.
[FoL48.a.] J>e fiidde stape of fise mrtue ia, pet pe man by
The third step of guod demeie. and hyea[l]de ri3tnesse be-tuene him : and
miIi7JdS««*b^ J'*^ J'^* ^s beuore him. Jet byejj pe Jinges of time / J)et
^rthe thto^ destniej) ofte and bodi and zaule / huanne me dej Jjerto
that" I^fcSWeen *^ mocho / ase doj pe nif inges and J>e couaytous. and
alle Jjo )>et Jje wordle louiej to moche. Jet habbej zuo
Je herten engrmed ine Je dyeules nette / ase zay J lob. Jet
devil's nets. to timliche [eyse] * / and to nyedes wy J-oute / Jet to hare
â– eyse or lost seems wanting here to complete the sense.
himself and tern-
poral possessions.
The covetous are
ensnared in the
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THE FOURTH STEP OP EQUITY. 155
herten hi ne 111036 guo in / ne hare lif ordayny. panne
hit ju&\\> ]>et hit is zo]> / ^et senekes ]>e wyse zay]) / ^et aii iin who uke
mOTB OftTO for tllA
we be ^an zene^]) alle / and foruions ^t of ^ parties of thing* of life than
1 ^ I t • <t1a1*^ tot thO lift itMlL
]>e hue ech ^nche / and is soigneus. ac of al ^e hue to
/ ordayny non ne J)encf / ne studej. Nou is ^anne wel
grat nied bet me ne do na^t to moche pe herte ine ))ise set not the heart
__. _ t ' 1 1 .too maoh on out-
finges wy^ute. Vor huo J>et him dej) to moche Jerto : ward thini^ lest
he ual]> in ^e hate / and ine ^e cooaytise of pe wordle / oovetousnes^
pet \a pe rote of alle nices / ase we habhej) be-uore 2i"ti^* "^^^
y-ssewed
])E UER])B STAPE of RIJTUOLNESSE. The fourth etep of
rlghtftalneaa.
Jje uerjje stape of piae mrtue is. Jjet man clierHche ^^e fourth step of
yzi ane his ri^thalf ^t is Jjet he nime hede to ham Jjet Jj^Tt^thoSi^'who
byej) guode / fet bye J) ase ane his ri^t zyde. and J>et of f"*^"*^'^'
^e guode / and of pe wyse / he nime wyt / and uorbysne. wnpie.
Ac ine bise zide hit be-houeb hyealde mtuolnesse and ©JMretion la here
'^ r J y veryneedftil.
discrecion. Vor al uolc ne moje na3t guo be one waye. xn folk have not
ne alle J^e guode / ne alle ^e wyse / ne habbe^ na3t one- nor have the
lepi grace, alsuo ase J>e lemes of pe bodie / ne habbe^ an one**offloe.^^
na3t onelepi office, and J>erof byej> uele herten nouices
of ^an / ase zayj) J>e hoc of collacions of holy uaderes /
Jet dn^t of pe perfeccion of mrtue. Vor huanne hi
yze]> ane man wel y-mad ])et wyle profiti ine on stat / some novices en-
ofer ine one grace : anon hy willej / and him y-lyche the special virtnes
wyllej by. And huanne hi eft yzyej) anojrene / Jet many men,
ine anojer stat / deJ manie guodes : alsuo hi wyllej
and yemef efter. an alsuo to pe Jjridde / and to pe and eo attain to
uerje / ne to nonen ham ne zette J. ))o byej> ase is. pe They are Uke the
yonge grihound / Jet is yet al nouis / Jet yemj efter that"nins'*iur"
eche beste / Jet yemJ beuore him. and ne makej bote ^ J2». **^
him weri and his time lyese. Jjerof zet ysopes Je fable [exempinw.]
of Je little hounde and of Je asse. Je hond at eche time ThefoWe of the
Jet he yhyerj [Jet] his Ihord come J horn he yem J to-yens JjJ^^J ^^^ *"**
him / and IhapJ aboute his zuere. and be Ihord him The hound wei-
' ^' * oomeahlsmaster's
makeb uayr chiere / and him froteb / and makeb ' him i^ame-coming by
^ ' , . „„ '^ ' ' fawning and rub-
' maker m MS.
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156 THE PIFTH BTESP OP BQUITY.
bingandfiiir greate feste. j)e asse him be-Jjojte / ])ous ssolde ich
do / and zuo wolde mi Ihord me louie. Betere he ssolde
me maki ioye / ])et ich serai eche daye ^anne ^ise
The us auonpts hounde bet him serueb of nwt 1 hit nes na3[t] longe efter-
to follow the dog's i ii j t i_ t •
ezsmpie, ward ])et ])e asse ne yzej his Ihord come hom : he negiii]i
feet aboDt his to Iheape / and jemp to-yens him. and him J^rau]) ye
and is weuTbeluen uet aboute his zuoTe / and begin^ zinge grat-liche. ])e
for hu pains. geigons ^et hit y-zeje / nome steues / and byete fane
asse ri3t to J>e uolla . And Jjerof J>et he wende habb[e]
By BQch fables worfssipe / and guod : he hedde ssame and harm. Be
[P6i.«.b.) zueche fables wes y-woned pe wyse man teche his
un«h?h^ house- Diayn^ / and be fise uorbisne / he ham ssewede Jjet hi ne
iS to dssire vir- ssolle nfi^t wylni to J>e graces huer hi ne mo3e ni^t
J^d'Sdi^wi. ^^°^® ^' ^^^ ^^ ^^® ^^^^ *®^f Salomon. *zone* zayj
w^reforetake ^q J Ij^q areio na^t J)ine e3en to richesses' / J)et isto
thou takest pat^ gracos J)et J)e ne mijt na^t come to. J)eruore hit is grat
nyed to habbe discrecion pet me zi of huam me may
uorbysne nime. .
The fifth step of ])b VIPTB STAPH OP RIJTUOLNBSSB.
It u "•^"^jy Alsuo hit is grat nyed pet pe man yzy bryljjte ane his
see dearly right left half and })et is Jje vifbe ioyel / and be vifte stapa
and left of him.
On the one side he uor he ssel yzy pe foles and pe kueade / ^t bye]> ase
hrshouid*have*™ * J'® ^^^ ^^- ^^^ ^7 ^jf * J>® woTse zide. to ham me
^'^' ssel nime hede uerst / uor J>an fet he habbe pit^ an eom-
and should avoid passioun. Eftcrward uor bet me be-ulyat hire f olye / and
theirfollies. ^, , . . /^ ^,
Solomon took hire uorlyezmge / ase zayf Jjc wyse salomow. 'Ichwente
gardandhiB^" ^^ zsLjp * be J>e uine / and be pe ueldes of Jje fole sleu-
** "**' nolle, and 1203 J)et al hi weren nolle of nettlen and of
J)ome8 / and of Jise uorbisne ich habbe y-nome wyt /
and po[r]ueyonce.' uor me kan zigge : J?et zofte he him
chastejj : J>et be oJ?Ten him chaste]?. Efterward / uor
Discretion is here J?an J>et me loue^ more god / be huam man is quit of
zuyche zewnes. Ac moche hit behouej ine Jja zyde / to
We must pity and loki rbtuoluesse / and discrecion. Vor huanne ich vzv
notderidefools 7i
and sinners. J'ane fol and ])ane zene3ere / ich ssel habbe pit^ / and
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THE SIXTH STEP OF EQUITY.
157
mid poly'mge. and na3t maki Jyerof bisemers an scomes.
Ich ssel alneway hatye bo zenne : and louie be kende. ut n* hate rin
and wel me behoue^ to loky yet ich ne wille ine mine nu.
herte nenne deme. ne me anlicny to noneiL uor ^aj he
by kuead to day : he may by guod to mor^e. and zoich The b«d man may
is to day guod : ha may by kuead to moi^e. Efterward row.
ich me ssel ase moche ase ich may wyb-oute misdoinge Try by kind
'' "" ^ actions and words
a-yens haw pave, and condecendre ine dede / and ine to win uw stnuer
'' . ' baoktoGod.
speche / bam uor to wynne to god. and wyjniraje uram
zewne. Vor ase zayj> seuekes / and saynt gregorie. * we
ne moje ni^t / Jk) ^et bie^ yualle : a-rere. bote-yef we
wylle hou J>et hit by to ham bou3e.*
JjB ZIXTE BTAPB OP BI3TnOLNE8SB. The sixth step of
\>e zixte stape is / ])e zixte 030 : ^et habbe^ ])e guode The sixth stepis
men. ^et is ])et hi yzy bri3tliche be-hinde ])e grines and the good have,
fe dyeules giwnes / ^t bye J ous ase be-hinde. Vor Jw Ss'devii'ssMwe.
vyend ous y-z^t / and we him ne more * ysy. Oure
vyendes : J)et bye^ ^e dyeulen / Jet byej wel stronge onr enemies ar»
and wyse / and sotile and soigneus ous to gyly. Vor strong, wise, snb.
tle^ and busy as to
hy ne zuykej neure ni3t ne day / ac alneway biej ine begoiie.
waytinge uor ous to gily be hare crefte /, an by hire J|J?^J!^^JJ,J^^
ginnes / huerof hi uzej more Janne a Josend maneres. wait to deceive us.
and ase zayj saint gregorie. J)e dyeuel yzi3j> wel sotil-
liche J)e stat of Je manne / and his manyere / and his JJJj^^TiiSlTbe.
awiplexioun / and to huet vice he ys mest bou3inde. ■•"*"« ■*"•
ober be kende / ober be wone. and of bo half him Some he assails
asayloj stranglakest. Jane colrik: mid ire: and mid with anger and
discord. ])ane sangz^tnien : mid ioliuet^ / and mid with luxury!"
luxuria Jjane fleumatike : mid glotonye / and be *"* "^^ *°^'
sleauje. ^ ]}ane melanconien : mid enuie / and mid [Poi. 49. a.]
zor^e. And beruore him ssel eurich more defendi of bo
, Therefore man
half huer ha yz^J Jet his castel is mest fyeble / and must defend the
aye Je ilke vice ui3te / huer ha zi3j Jet he is mest hiseastie.
asayled. ine zuyche guod / Jet he / ne spari nenne. uor
I ? mf>'^$ a may.
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158 THE SIXTH STEP OP EQUITY.
he is hardy / and bold, ase fe like }wt assajle]) godes zone
his Ihoid lean crist. ' Yef ^ou [wosf] ^ / zede onre Ihord to
iob / ' ine hou nele wyzen he him desgyze^ ' / alsuo ase
Th« nirlte of ^^^ ^® *®^® ^^^ ^® ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^' ^^^ ^^J^ Sajnt
SITa^SAriSS* denys. * alpje fe angles and J)e guode and fe kueade / and
mirror. aUe ^e gostes of men bye^ ase a ssewere gostlich.
The BoQi noeiTM ])anne ase a ssewere onderua[n]g]> anhaste alle ^e 8sep]>es
jeoubeitsiaepiiig ^^^ pe prientes ]>et come]? him be-uore : alsuo de^ ye
or waking. ^^^^ ^£ ^^ mawne / by hit slepinde by hit wakinde.
otw mirror will Nou nim banne ane mirour and zete hine to-ayens an
reflect the forme -^ ''
■eenonaaoiher. ofren. an haste alle J>e ssepj»es ^et byej> ine pe onen ^ou
sselt yzy ine fe oJ>reii.' Ine zuyche wyse me zayf ))et
Diyen forme are ]>e dyeuel ssewe]) to fe goste zuiche sseppifiges and
devu upon the zuiche figUTes aso he wyle huanne god hit ^olej) / and
eoui of man. ^^ zsxjIq hit onderuangj) al a-ye his wyL and oJ>erhml hit
jnetae onere- is ase to Je Jjojte / ofeT ase to ^e ymaginacion ase a-ye
SoSSuftoSr* ^^ ^^ I ™® he-houej) to zyenne and o[n]deruoMge ine Jje
pearl of the eje. ^j\q q£ ^q q^q j,q gsepje of )» Jjinge fet is hi»i be-uore.
Nou is hit a wel grat grace of god / and a wel gmt
yef))e of ^e holy gost / onderstonde wel J>e 8p>eches alle /
of Jje dyeule / and knawe wel alle J)e uisages. Vor ase
itiaadiiBcait x&jp saynt bomard. hit is wel sotil ))ing / and Strang to
gttieh between the conne / distiucti be-tueue fe Jo3te8 ^et ^e herte fengp :
S^^'lSd thSL ^^ P^ ^* 1^ viend : ^erinne zet. Huanne he comJ>
d?vu!*"^"** ase uela^e / ojer ase uriend / oJ>er ase chapman- and
Th^ may eeeiiy sseweb be zennes / hou hi byeb likinde. and lostuolle /
recognize some of *^ "^ ' '' * '
tiie devU'e H^tlicho me may hit knawe. Ac huawne he com)) ine
butothemare gyse of angle / and ssewej) Jet guod : uor to draje to
more eabtle and ,••, .,i,. ai
dangeroos. Kueade. panne is ]>e temptacion mest Strang. And
J>ereuore zayj saynt Ioil ])et me ne leue ni^t Je gostes /
ac Jet mo hise prouy erjan Jet me hise onderuonge. zuo
>*e^oeu"ereoiie doj Jo / Jet make J hire srifteuader guod / and holy
receive them. > «
man / and wys / and wel yproued ine zuiche Jinges
timliche / to huam hi ssewej ofte / and grat / and smal /
alle Je Jojtes Jet to Je herte comej and guode / and
^ This word is necessary to the sense.
One moat try the
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THE SEVENTH STEP OP EQUITY. 159
kueade. Vor ase zayf Solomons. * y-blyssed he is : pet " Btotaed is be,"
alneway is dreduoL* and ine an o^re stede zayj he. *Do "thataiw^yii*
be red al ^t pon dest / and efterward hit ne ssel ^e
norjenche.'
bE ZEUBNDE STAPB OP RI2TU0LNE8SB. The aeventh step
ofrightAilneM.
J>e zeuende stape / is J>e zeuende 630. fet hit behouej J*J! ■®^®"*^*®'*
habbe Jjet wile habbe j^ise m'rtue. pet is ^e ilke pet an ^etimtone ought
hej loke]> / pet he]> god alneway to-uore him. Of ^an and which hath
zayf oure Ihord ine his speUe. *Yef fine eje is simple foreit.^'*^'
and clene : al }>i bodi ssel by clyer and brijt. And yef J^'^^JT^^^f^
j)in e^e is wycked and dym : al J>i bodi ssel by Jjyestre <>*rk.
and dim.' J3et is to zigge / yef })in onderstondinge of {JJ^^S^JTSf "
fine heiteis clen * and simple / and gep uor}) J)ane ri3te "*â„¢p^
way ase streng al a-midde ]>ise stapes alle / ]>et we
habbej) y-newined / J>e hyap of Jjine workes ssel by nayr ^^J*^JJ[|^^^
and clier / and lykinde to god. And yef pe onder-
stondi[n]gge is wrong. oJ>er yef hy tuystef ofer wyf went C*^ ^- ^'^
ayen ase dejj pe qi^arteus al pe inwyt ssel by fiestre / ^^^^^^J^***
and Jje hieap of mrtues. Vor wy})-oute rijtuolle onder- »im« heoorM sin.
stondinge : elmesse be-comf z&nne / and m'rtue vice.
pe onderstondinge is simple / ]>a72ne pe man def guode
werkes rijtuolliche ^o^ god. Hy is wrang / huanne he ?"i^^"**"^'
hise deb nor bank of be wordle / ober uor ydeleblisse. ittHeBtopiearo
^ ^ ^ ' '^ ^ the wortd instead
Hy tuystef irte tuo : hua^ine me wylnef of one half to of God.
god : and of ojmrhalf to }>e wordle. Ac hi went ayen :
ase def pe cerceaus huanne pe man zek]) his ojene note
in al ]}et he def . jN'ou hest ^u y-herd ]>e zeue stapes
huerby J>is trau clif Jj an he}.
Op bB BO^ES op RnTUOLNBSSB. OfthebonghBof
"^ ^ rightfulness.
Pe bo3es of f ise trawe : byef pe zeuen principals Then an seven
u/rtues / Jjet ansueriejj* to Jje zeue vices, ase dej> bo3sam- 1. obedienoe,
nesse a-ye prede. Loue : a-ye enuye. Mildenesse : J; SSdness.
a-ye felhede. Prouesse : a-ye slacnesse. Largesse : a-ye J* JJ^JJ^ity
scarsnesse. Chastet^ : arye lecherie. Sobret^ a-ye glo- «• chastity.
» Written dene in MS. » Written anstpene^ in MS.
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^0
THB VALUB OF OI8CRBTION.
'^^'LTdS^'" *^^'^y®- iP^ zeues mrtues lokej and ledej? wel ri3te
arf«ht the ghott and wel zikerliche bane gost of wytte bet hise let be J)e
of wlidoin.
waye of ri3tuolne8se. ase zayj Salomon, be huicne waye :
DboNtionifltiM discrocion and scele / ]^et is ])e cartere of mrtues. ase
and the rodder of zay]> sant bemaid. and ^e ro^er of fe ssipe of ))e zaule
the eouL ***** his let and breng]) uor]). fet hi ne guo na^t amis ari3thalf
ne alefthalf. and J^us hi profite]) and wexe^ and bere^
frut to ]>e nolle. ])eruore ^anne fet ])e uirtue of ri3tuol-
Without die- nesse / be discrecioim him ssewe^ ine alle pe workes of
oomesvioe. oJ^To niHues. and wy^oute J^ise / alle ]>e o])re uirtues
Tbme aeven vir- lyeze]> ]>ane name of mrtue : and become]) uices. Zigge
tioned are the i^h ,wel / fet in on wyt / J)ise zeue ui'rtues be-nore yzed
and^they produce byejj J)e bo3es of ri3tuolne8se and al fet frut of guode
tte^Mtofgood ^ojkeg j^t of ham wexej) / belongef to J)ise trawe.
Nou onder8tan[d] wel hou J)egreate maister of mrtues ous
**Bieeeedbe spekb of bise m'rt[u]e / uor hi ne is n£^t ine his reule.
thoee," said
chriat, « who 111 * Yblessed bye^ Jjo ^et ri3tuolne88e hiealde}) oueral / and
diecreuon." ine alle J>inges habbe]> discrecion and mesure wyjK)ute
misnimynge.' Vop we ne habbe^ hire onneajw y-wonne.
Vor non ne is }>et ne misnimj) ine uele manures. And
He doeenot laj beruoie OUS conforteb wel zueteliche oure zuete maistefrl
bleeaed be they ^
who iin not* lesu crist huanue he ne zay^ najt. *y-blissed bye^ po pet
ne zene^ep ne misnime^ / ac do^ al be ri3tuolnesse / and
but«bieeaedbe^ be lingne.* Ac he zayf wel cortaysliche uor to conforti
they who weep/* i. -i i tin
pQ zenuolle. * Ybussed byef J)o ^et wepef / uor hy ssolle
by conforted.' ))et is to zigge : Jo byej yblissed : J)et
that ia, who eee yzyej and ondeistondejj and knawej wel hire defautes :
ihuit^ ine alle Jise zeue poyns of ri3tuolnesse J>et we habbej)
and are wnrowftai j^qj. y-nemned / and beruore wepeb and byeb zonuol
becauM of their '' ' * ^ ^ f m y
>ine< J)et hi uindej) zuo ofte onTi3t / huer hi ssolden healde
The world ia cau and uiudo ri^tuolnesse. Vor beruore is be woi-dle
ed the Tele of ^ '^ '^
«•«. y-cleped Je dane of tyeares. and non ne may ine Je
wordle libbe : wyj-oute tyeares Jwt hej onderuonge pe
» ™v yefje of wyt / huerof we habbej yspeke. ]>anne be-
that hath the gift houoj aso zayj Salomon, uor huo Jet mest can / and
meet zy3 J Je zor3e6 and Je kueades of Je wordle : Je
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THE GIFT OF STRENGTH. 161
more he]> zoi^e to his herte / and tyeccres / and wepingos. [Poi. m. a.j
And bus becdnb bis wordle to tyeny. And be more bet Sorrow causeii
r ^ rr J J r Y^ num to dUUke the
tyenej) ))is lif : J)e more me wylnejj J>et ojer. And world.
]>erof wexe]> o^re tyeres uor ])e wylninge of ]>e o]>re Hue. and to dedn the
Kou sselt ]>ou ^us ^enche. Zix maneres of tyeres ])et gu manner of
^e holy man he^ ine J>ise wordle be Jje yef)>e of wytte. Sed^rth!**^^"*"
J)e uerste come]> of Jjet me zyjt f et me hej> god ofte J^^j/rf gS?
ywrejjed be Jojte / be speche / and be dede. J3e ofer "»»^- ^^^^
comb berof bet me yzij^ be greate tonnews hidouse oome bec»iue of
the tonsente
an eurelestinde of helle. Huerof ech man ssel habbe ofheu.
grat diede. ])e ^dde weze^ of ^e kueades / ])et me s. The mirerizigs
J^\ ^e gnode J^olye. ])e uer])e come]) of ]>e zennes ]>et ^ The ein* of the
J>e kueade dojj. J)e vifte nor Jise line j)et tyenej) / and ^^^tirineee of
nor J)e ofre J)et dej) auerst. J>e zixte com}) of deuo- JSrerfSe
cioun and of grat plenty and of bliase of Je presense of J^^^^'^^^y^ ^^
lesu crist / and of be nelinge of be holy gost. and bise wim caused by
' ' o J- « ./ o ^ w the preeenoe of
byeb ariit yblissed bet zuo wepeb / uor hi ssolle by Christ and the
i. / "I J^ -J.- Ai .. • HolyOhoet.
y-conforted ase zay^ pe wntmge. Alsuo ase pe nonce a« the nurMoom-
confortej) J)et child fet wepj). uor hi wypej J)e ejen / tLeyeeofthT
and him kest / and hi deJ) hiw 1030 be 8trengj)e. alsuo ^wping child,
ssel do ouie Uiord to ham bet wepeb ine bise wordle ase » oar ^^on 00m-
'^ '^ ' forts the moam-
ich habbe yzed. Vor he wyle zuo wypi hare ejen / ^et er^
neuremo ne ssoUe wepe / ne ne ssolle yuele kuead ne Evermore shau
*^ ' '^ th«y be with God,
zone. Ac euiemo ssolle by myd god ine paise and ine in'peaoe,ianghing,
and bliss.
lejinge and ine bUsse wy^ute ende.
Of ])B YEF])B of BTRENGJ^B. Of the gift of
strength.
Nou we habbeb yspeke of yefbes and of utrtues / we have spoken
. alnadyofthe
J)et gouemep po pet ine ^e wordle libbe^ mid pe lo^este Tirtaes which
of pn states / huerof we habbe^ beuore y-speke. Nou Slt^rS.*** *"
ssolle we mid be helpe of be holy gost speke of be Nowweshsii
speakofthoae
jefpea and of pe mrtues ^et more propreliche belonge}) virtues which be-
to ham ^et pe wordle onwor])e]> / and to pe he^e helle ^ despiMthe
of pcrfeccion wylnej). Of ^an z&jp propreliche lob. LS^^ofnumon
>et lyf of man ope pe erpe : is ase kny|j]thod. Vor Jl^jJ^^^J^^
mannes Ijrf ine pe er^e : is ase borgeysye. Nou yzi^ f^v-
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162 THE GIFT OP 8TBBN0TH.
Much has the one ane Yongne boryeis and ane newene kni^t. Mochel
ofnewaaddiveTM , . , ,. , ^ n
thoo^hte, habbej) ]>os of uele ]>03tes newe diuerses and wyluolle.
pe borgeys wybie^ to cbapfari / an to wynne and to
and etriTee to be gaderi. fitfid pQ endo of hiB wylle ifl al ferto : pet ha by
td. riche ine guodes. and ine his toune y-worfssiped. J)e
The knight de- knyjt newo / gej al anofeme way. Vor he wihief
JoMi^^ uhS^ corteysyes to done / an largeliche yeue / and knyjjjthod
*^^* to lyemy and guo to annes. kueades to folye / esewy
and to porchaM ppouesses. porchaci los / and ine he^e stat diue. Jjise
fimewd high ^^^ states we zyej aperteliche ine tuo manures of uolke.
Some men keep huerof pQ OH ia / pet wel ham wylle]> turam greate zenne
do penance, &c\ loki / do penonce. yeue ehnesse. hyealde godes hestes /
them ifthey may ^^^ ^^ ^^^7 cherche and wel ham hit were ynoj / yef hi
beMvedatiast. jj^^^e ate ende be* zuo moche by y-boi3e. )>iae byej ine
othera are die- guod stat / and wel ham moje soui. pe ojre byej to
^idiyperiia. huam J)et pe wordle anoyf uor pe perils and pe zennes
Mdh«e J^pioe *^^ ^®* pinen /huerof hi is al noL zuo Jwt non ne may
^^^. ^ . . habbe pays of herte / ne stedeuest inwyt. Hi yzef of
They tee no oJ)er half Jjet J>er ne is no tresor fet mo3e* by worJ> to
oomparedtoGod's godes loue. no zuyetuesse zuo grat : ase pays of herte.
imdhadthey ^^ blisse of Je wordle Jet by worj) / to ]» blisse of
ofhirL ttd^T* ^®^® inwyt zuo ham Jingf and wel hit is zop / Jjet
w ^d'i^?th ^^^ ^®* ^^ ^^ J>inge8 may winne : he ssolde by more
aeivee more than Jeanne emperouT. ac Jet is zuo grat ping bet ueawe ber
emperore. -i • i / ■«
byej zuiche / Jet done Jise niminge maki. ac huanne
god yefj to Je manne Jise grace, and Je ilke yefje Jet
When God gives iHo clepej Je gost of strengje. he hym yefj ane newe
nwm^ gift o i^erte / ane noble herte / and hardL Noble : uor to
He give* him a onworji al Jet Je wordle mai behote / and yeue.
hal^°heart,*" Hardyesse uor to Jolie alle Je kueadnesse Jet Je wordle
that enables him may Jreapui. And of bise hardiesse spekb oure uader
to endure all the v -, ,
world's threaten- huanne he zede. J)et * yblysse J bye J Jo Jet habbe J
"*â– â– honger and Jorst / of rijtuolnesse.* Salomon zayj. Jet
* he is ri3tuol / Jet onworjej his harm / uor his uryend' /
who despiaee bet is uoT god / bet is rijt urend. And saint bemard
harm for hie ' i. . ,
flpiend,i.e. God. zayJ. 'he HO IS najt ri^tuol / Jet ne yzijj ni^t ine his
» fo MS. 2 So in MS. » more 9
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THE VIRTUE OP PROWESS. 163
herte : and uelj / and onderstant / Jjet he is yeldere.
and a-yens god of treu]>e / toppe alle ^ing.* })e like ^et Han is a debtor
zoJ)liche wylne^ mid al his herte to yelde fise dette to
gode / fe ilke is of fan / huerof oure Ihord spek})
huawne he zede. pet Je ilke bye}> yblissed / Jjet habbejj Biewed are those
honger / and forst : uor r^tuolnesse. he ne zayj na3t / ^'^^Sf'^'^?
* y-blissed hi byef }»o J)et habbejj / oJ)er pet doj) ri3tuol- eou»nesa,
nesse : ac f o J)et habbe]) honger and J)orst.* Vor Jis
ri3tuolnesse ne may by yhyealde / ne pia dette ne may tmb nKiitftiiness
by uolliche y-yolde / ine J>i8e wordle. Ac ine fise "SSin^taSll^
wordle hi is y-wylned / and ine >e oJ)re / y-payd. J^^^^-ired here
beruore ne zayb nait onre guode Diord and mayster. »»* got in tiie
'^ 'f r 7 <^ " other world.
^ po bye)) yblissed pet piae ri^tuolnesse ssoUe do / and )>et christ does not
f ifie dette ssolle yelde.' Ac he z&yp wel cortayslaker / Siled wh? have
ase he f et wot oure pouert^. * YbUsseJ * byef pe ilke ^'*8:hteou8-
fet of piae rijtuolnesse / habbef honger / and porst'
Vor he ne akse]) ns^t f et we him yelde hyer his dette /
ac hit is him ynoj / yef we habbej guod wyl to yelde. ^?^|^"^
pia wylninge huanne hi is zof in herte / behouef Jet he u in th«ir hearts.
hit ssewy be dede. Vor ase zayf Salomon. * non ne may
bet ner ine his bosme hede / bet his robe ne heme.' bis ??!!^"f*"
' ' ' ' hiblts iteelf in
ssewynge ne may hi wyjH)ute mrtue / and wyjhoute virtue and in
prouesse. Vor be wytnesse / ne by playtinge : me ne
prouej) n^t })et he by guod knyjt / ac be moche dede ^^.fS^t.}^!?
of armes / and be moche polijnge / and to y-leste. ~^ ^^ ^«>^
And Jet is pe uerpe mrtue / Jet Je holy gost yefj to
Je manne uor to strepe of al: in aL Je uerje vice. ^^^^^^
Jet is Je zenne of sleawje and of onlosthede. J)is i^ieneas.
uirtue is of zuo greate dignet6 / Jet amang alle Je ojre
mrtues / Jis one berj propreliche be him-zejue Jane
name of / uzrtue. Vor mrtue / and prouesse is al on. S^B^?J!Sk^ ** **°
Jjise m'rtue / god yefj to his sergons / huanne he his "^^^'J^ ^i.
wile maki knijtes / ase he dede to his apostles at lokes. apoeUee,
of huam we redej / Jet hi weren zuo dreduol / Jet hi
ne» dorste guo out of hare house / alhuet hi weren mid ;;J^"^^^
cautioofl.
1 .So in MS. • no in MS.
11 •
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1G4
THE FIRST STEP OF PROWESS.
^ise mHue yarmed. Ac more hi yeden ledinde blisse /
[Foi. 61. a.] hua7?ne ine dede ham ssame and hardnesse.
The division of
Tirtae (praweas).
The old phlloeo-
phen divided
this virtue into
â– ix parte.
Our Lord added
a seventh point.
1. Iffagnanimity.
t. Afflaaoe.
8. Feoority.
4. Pafeienoe.
6. Stedfwtnesa.
A. Magnlfloenoe.
7. Hanger and
thirst of rlght-
Magnanimlty is
highnees, great-
ness, nobleness of
will, and of great
aspirations.
[1 deles/]
The first division
of it isprowesa—
a noble contempt
ofdifflcalties.
The second is
ratlonalenterprlse
of difiicult things.
He who has this
virtue thinks bat
little of the cares
of the world,
counting them
no more than a
spider's web.
Solomon truly
said, "All is
vanity."
The world is
vanity, and ftill
of vanity.
pE TO-DBLINQE OF UUTTUES.
J>Q iilozofes \>&t of Jnse utrtues dT03en / hi to-delden
)>ise mrtues ine zix deles. ))et bye]^ ase dx stapes /
huerby J)ise utrtues cliue^ / and profite]). Ac oure
master yet made fe filozofes / and filozofie. yet is lesu
crist : he zet / ^ane zeuende poynt pe uerste poynte
of prowesse / hi clepie]> / magnanimity pe oyer :
fiaunce. j^e^J^ridde : zikemesse. pe uerj)e: )K)lyinge.
pe uifte : stedeuestnesse. pe zixt : ' magniiicence. pe
zeuende yet oure mayster zette : hatte honger and yoist
of Ti3tuokiesse. pise lurtues me ne may n&^t propre-
liche nemni ase onderstondinge hise to-di^t / ine latin.
Magnanimity is he3nesse. gratnesse. and noblesse of
wylhede / huerby ye man is hardi ase lyon / and of
greate niminge. ]>is mrtue hey tuo delles.' greate ^inges
onwoT])i. and wel grater to nime an hand / and to
chiese. Of ]>e uerste dele : zay^ zaynt austin. Prowesse
is / huanne corage onworjej) / al yet ne is ni^t in his
pouer. J)et is al J>et he may lyese / wylle him nolle
him. And seneke zay)). ' a^ang wordleliche fringes / no
ying ne is grat / bote herte / yet greate ])inges onwor]>e^.'
Of ye oyre dele zay]) ^e filozofe. ]>et ' magnanimity / is
renable niminge of he^e Jynge / and dreduoL* Huo ^et
ylae uirtue hey : he yzi^]) ]>e wordle uram uer. ase zay])
ysaye. ye profete. And Jus him yingy al ye wor[d]le lite /
ase a sterre hit yincy to ous. panne al ye wordle / and
alle ye bisyhedes / and ye greate niedes of ye wordle
him yingy ase na^t. and ])eruore hise ne prayzej najt /
bote ase ye web of ye spi]>re. p&rme Salomon huanne he
hedde al ye wordle y-went. and of alle Jinges / and of
f oles / and of wyse ystnued. he zayde his dom ine zuiche
manure. ' ydelnesse. ydelnesse. ydelnesse. and al yet ich
izi : is ydelnesse.' yet is to zigge / ye wordle is ydel-
nesse. and zuo hi is al uol of ydelnesse. And ye man
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THB SECOND STEP OF PROWESS. 165
him-zelf uor huam be wordle is y-mad : zuo is al ydel- '^^ ^**« ***•• •■•
^^ '' '' ihadow.
nesse. uor ine him is alle manure ydelnesse / ase zaib its oares are u
dr«mis.
J>e sauter. ydelnesse / be steruinge. Vor his lyf ulijj)
ase ssed. ydelnesse / be bysihede. Vor J^ise bysyhedes
byeb ase meteles. Ydelnesse / be kueadnesse. Yor The unt step then
zenne him make]) more ni^t / ]>anne ]>mg ^et is ine J)e to deq>iie the
worddle. Nou is ^anne ^e uerste del of }>ise mrtue.
])et him de^ ]>e wordle onwor])i / ase habbe^ ydo ine
ariere and j)e filozofe payen. and J^e holy crtstene man.
J3e oJ)er del is zuo / }>et hi make]? J>ane way of perfec- J^? "JJ?"***^
cion to nimene. and bet lyf bet zuo moche sseweb ssarp / the way of per-
X A I fectlon, that lead-
an dreduol to chiese. ])et is J^e way ^et let in-to ^e ethtothehiuof
helle of god. ^et is ine ])e stat of perfeccion. ])et is ]>e
way of pnu6 red / of oure Ihorde / Jjet he ssewede to
his apostles ine J^e helle / huerof ^is bok spek]^. ])eme Thia way ohooee
way chy[e]ze]> ]>o. to huam ne is na3t ynoj to loki / ]>e only keep Ood'a
hestes of god / huerto hi byej) y-hyealde. and wylle]) ******^
uoluelle his redes / huer hi ne byejj na3t be dette y-
hyealde / ase bye J) ^o / J)et letej al J)et hi habbe^ : uor buttoraakeeii
god. and y[e]ue^ ham to sterue / uor ])e loue of hi7» : Jet sake,
starf uor ham. o)«r ine Je londe be-yende }>e ze / ojer [Foi. si. h.]
ine anobre stede. And ase dob bo / bet uorleteb / and hoth goods and
"^ X X / X Ml frienda and them-
al onwor]>e]> uor god. and guodes. and uryendes. and aeivea.
ha^Ti-zelue. and makeb ham-zelue Jjrelles of oj^ien Jet They become the
slave* of oihen,
weren vry. and makej ham-zelue poure : pet weren aadendnra
riche : ojer myjten by. hy do}> ham to J>olye grat '^^^'
ssarpnesse / Jet hedden ine Je wordle : greate lostes. ^•y p«t *em-
ase byeJ manie / Jet byeJ ine religion, and of herte / hardships,
and of bodie. Vor litel is worb to by ine religion / "many do who
' " . have entered a
ojer ine ssarpnesse of penonce / yef Je herte ne is m^t reiigioas order.
Jerto. Vor Je clojinge / ne make J n^t fane monek. ^J^^^^
ne Je armes Jane knyjt : ac Je guode herte / and Je imt the good
dedeS of prOUeSSe. deeds of prowess.
J)B OJjBR STAPB OP PROUESSE. rf p,S5^? "^
J>e oJer stape of Jise mrtue is : beleaue. Vor huo J^^^^J/'*^
Jet he J Jane guode way ynome / hit be-houej Jet he Belief enables
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166
THE THIRD STEP OF PBOWB88.
nmntopiimit
the good path.
tnd to withstand
the uaallings of
the deviU worid,
and the flesh.
The flash raye,
I cannot foneke
my old habits.
The worid par-
sues him like an
escaped thiet
The devil says^
" Wretch, what
wilt thou do?"
God's new knight
ondergoes these
assaults.
BystedfhstbeUef
he fears not,
for whom God
will help none
may harm.
him hyealde vestliche ine his wylle / and ])et he habbe
guode beleaue ine god / pet he him noluelle ^et he hep
agonne. J^ise mrtue hi clepie^ / beleaue. hi is wel
nyeduol a-ye pe asaylinges of ^e wordle j oipe ulesse.
and of ^e dyenle. ^et stranglaker asayle]) ^ane man ate
a-gynninge. \>ei nless him zay)>. ych ne may ]K)lye ^is
lyf / ne mine ealde wones lete. \>e wordle 2ek]> efter /
uor ^an to wy^drc^e / ase me zek]) ane pjei huanne he
is ascaped of pe pr^ne. ])e dyeuel him zay^. ' wiechche
huet wyltou do / hueruore pe yelst pe zuo. Vor j)ou
mi3te8t }>e o^erlaker wel wytye.' )>i8e bye}> pe ueiste
^^^y^ynges / J^et godes newe kny3t ]K)le^ : pet ])eng]> to
Wynne ]>e regne of heuene. Ac huanne he him yef)) to
god be guode an stedeueste be-leaue / he ne hej> none
hede. Yor he is pe treweste urend / ])et may / and
can / and wyle / his ojene loki. and huam ])et god wile
helpe : no ])ing him ne may deiie.
Tlio third step of
prowess.
The third step of .
prowess is le-
onrity (or oonfl-
denoe),
whereby one
dreadoth not the
perils before one's
eyes.
The Holy Ghost
causes man by
this gift to under-
take great things.
Me makes him
confident as a
lion.
As the new
knight desires
tournament, so
does he desire
peril snd death.
St Agaoe went
to torment as
joyMly as if to
a wedding.
))B JjRIDDB 8TAPB OP PR0UE8S[b].
\>e J>ridde stape of prouesse : is zikemesse. zyker-
nesse ase zayf pe filozofe is a mrtue / huerby me ne
dret nfi^t f e kuedes / ne pe perils / J>et bief beuore hare
ejen. And pet is jje J)ridde guod / Jjet pe jefpe of
strengfe dej>. Vor Jje holy gost / huanne he hejj y-
armed his kny^t of his mrtue : uerst he him yef ]> noble
herte / greate J^inges to nimene. Efterward he him yef)>
ane greate hete / and a grat wyl to uol^y / and grort
hope uor to uoluelle. Efterward he make^ him ziker
ase lyoun. zuo })et he ne hej) drede / ne of perils / ne
of pinen / ne of dyafe / ne of torment, ac he his
wilnef / ase dej pe newe knyjt pe tomemens. an suo
dede Ipe martires ase hit ]nng]) ine hare Hue. huer-of we
rede]) of zaynte agase / ^et mid greate bhsse hi yede
to torment alsuo ase hi yede to feste / oJ)er to a
bredale.
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THE FOURTH AND FIFTH BTBF8 OF PROWESS. 167
J)E UERJ)B STAPB of PROUESSB. Thefoarthstepof
prowen.
Ase ye holy gost make]> his kii73t zLker uor to abide
fe tonnens and J>e zorjes Jet byef to comene. Alsuo The Holy Ghost
he him makej Strang and J^olyinde. uor to ]>olye strong and
huanne hi come]), and pet is fe uerf e stape fet hi p****"**
clepie]) / pacience. be piae u/rtue / jje guode ouercomj)
alle his uyendes. Jane dyeuel. Je wordle. and Jet uless. so that he may
and al Jet hi mo^e zigge and do. Vor Jet is Je sseld enenS»* *^^ ****
of gold / to him Jet uor godes loue Jole J / Jet him ^^^ **• *•!
wrijj of eche half / ase zayj Je sauter. zuo Jet no
strok / no may him broke Je herte. Jjise mrtue non ne
heb : bet ne heb hi uonded. VoW tnbulacion : makeb Patience must be
* ^ ' L J T i^ulred by trial.
pacience. Ase zayJ zaynte paul. ase Jet uer : make J fortheflrehardens
Je te3ele / hard. WyJ-oute Jise utrtue non ne is y-
proued. ne Jet gold ne may by wy J-oute uer y-clensed. «»* gold is piuri-
wyj-oute pacience : non ne hej uictone. Vor huo Jet
lyest pacience : he is ouercome. wyJ-oute pacience :
non ne com J to perfeccion. Jjerof we yzej uorbisne / Patience is ne-
oessary to per-
ate leste ine alle Je mestyeres Jet me dej mid hand, faction.
Moche boleb be coupe of gold of strokes of yzen / erban The cap of «oid
, . , . , , ^ , 1 . 1 / 1. bean strokes of
hi by yzet ope Jet bora of Je kinge. and Je chalis er inm ere it is set on
ha by yblissed / and y-zet ope Jane weued. Moche
JoleJ Je tonne of greate strokes / er me do Jrin Jet
guode wyn. Mochel is defouled mid Je uet of uolleres The scariet robe
Je robe of scarlet / erjan Jet Je kuen his do an. And J^e fl^t^JJ toe^
ase uele mijt Jou to Jan vinde uorbisnes : ase Jer bye J '^^ ®^*^«
workmen at paris of alle mestyeres. Be Jise uirtue is
Strang Je man / ase Jet ysen Jet alle metals a-dauntej. By this virtue is
.... "**'* strength-
Of grat pns ase Jet gold / Jet Je more hit is me uere : ened,
Je more hit is clone / and clyer / and tretable. ase Je
salamandre bet leueb ine be uere. and ase be viss bet â– â– the salamander
,. ^ ., . In the fire, or the
ine Je trauailinde wetere : him bajej and norissej. fish in the water.
J^B VIFTB STAPB OF PROUESSB. The fifth step of
prowess.
J)e vifte stape of Jise ui'rtu is ycleped Constance. ^J^^"
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168
THE BIXTH 8TEF OF PROWESS.
by which man is
esUbllBhed u a
tow«r.
and by which he
McorM victory.
andoverooniM
vain-gloiy.
The devil over-
throws man by
adversity or by
idle bliss.
Virtue consists in
following a mean
between good and
evil.
The sixth step of
prowess.
The sixth step of
prowess is mag-
nificence.
This virtue Christ
calls persever-
ance,
by which the good
knight endures
to the end.
All other virtues
fight, but thU
wins.
[Pd. 62. b.]
He who perse-
veroe to the end
shall be saved.
The virtue of the
])et is a ai'rtue pet makep pe herto Strang and stedeuest
ine god ase a tour jzet ope ane stronge roclie / and ase
a traw yroted ine guod land / pet hit ne ssake uor
nenne wynd / ])et,nia7 come ne blawe / fet is ine no
cas fet mo^e come / ne guode ne kueade. wyjhoute.
piBQ u/rtue / non ne com]) to ui[c]torie. uor huanne godes
knj^t hep ido zome prowesse : Jeanne him asaylej) pe
dyeuel be ydele blisse. and Jeanne is pe batayle ine pe
herte pe stranger uor hiw-zelue to ouercome / fet he ne
ualle be ydele blisse : panne alle pe uerste uondinge /
ne wes. Huerof dauid zayj) ine pe sautere / ])et pe
dyeuel ouerfraujj pe wel stronge of lefthalf be aduersite /
and pe wel stronge a rijthalf : be ydele blisse. ])ise
u/rtue preyse]) moche seneke ])et z&yp* |^et per ne is
uirtue bote pe ilke ])et ge|» uor]) proudliche be-tuene pe
one auenture and pe o|»re / |»et is be-tuene pe guode
and pe kueade. and grat onwor])ne8se of on an of
o])er.
pE ZIXTB STAPS OF PBOUEBSE.
pe zixte stape of prouesse / hi clepiej> / magnificence.
pise uirtue hi descWueJ ])ous. Magnificence is hi
ziggej of he3e nyede y-blissede bleuinge. Jrise uiitue
oure greate filosofe Tesu crist clepej / perseuerance. be
huam pe guode godes kny[3]t JoleJ pe kuedes / and ylest
al to pe ende ine Jk) heje waye of perfeccion J^et he hej)
ynome. Of Jise ut^-tue zayJ) zaynte pauL fet alle pe
uiVtues jemep : ac fis wynj J>et zuord. alle hy vi^tef :
ac pia heJ pe uictorie and pe coroune. Alle werchej :
ac piB ber)) away ])ane ssepe aneuen. Yor ase z&yp oure
Ihord. huo fet blefj) al to pe ende : he ssel by bor3e /
and non opeT, More uor}) ne cou^n pe filosofes lede
pe utrtue of prowesse. Ac J>e deciplis of oure mayster
lesu cWst / guoj) ynoj more uorj. Vor ase za.jp
Salomon, huanne hi habbe]) al asummed / Jeanne uerst
ham J^ingJ) / J)et hit is al to aginne. pe uzrtue and J>e
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THE BOUQHB OF FBOWE8S. 169
prouesse of be fQozofes wes al uor be uices to ouercome / ou phflowphen
^ f^ ' ' WW to overooDM
and to zeche be mrtues. Ac be prouesse of halien nor vioe^
' . ' '^ battheproweM
to ouercome fe uices and J»e mrtues to zecne. and J^erto of the aidota
pnncipalliche uor to liealde ri3[t]uolnesse / an treu^ hold rightMiu-
auoreye lesu cWst He ne is ni^t r^tuol / fet ne yelt °*" »ndt™th-
^t ha ssel : be his mi3te. And uor zo|»e mochel is weoweonriixw
r^tuol Jing / and sceluol / pet ich yeue mi lif / and mi died for ual °
dyeaj) / uor him J>et his lif and his dyea)) / yaf uor otis.
And asemoche ase he is vroip betere j^a^me ich: zuo andhisuftwu
moche ich am yeldinde be rijte rijtuolnesse. ase zayf Sm ««.**"
saynt anselm. piae r^tuolnesse * ich may wylny / ac ich / we may desire
ne non o|»er / ne moje hier hit yelde / ne uolliche hit bntwe^bie to
paye ' / ase we habbej be-uore y-zed. And f eruore is f e ^ â– ***
zeuende stape of ])ise mrtue / ))e ilke ])et oure mayster
lesu crist de)» J^erto / huerto pe fQozofes ne mi^te come /
fo he zede. * yblessed bye]) ]>o : pet habbej) honger and Bieeeed are tb^
])or8t of ri^tuolnesse.' panne hjef po aii^t y-blissed / uurat ^'h^iit-
pet pe zix stapes of prowesse byef ycliue / and habbe]) andwho'have
honger / and Jorst / and grat wyl pe zeuende stape / SS^rfiroiJlw.
be hare my3te cliue.
pE BO3ES OF PROWESSE. Theboogheor
prowess.
Ine pi&e trawe ase ine pe o])ren / we vindeb zeue in this tree ar*
seven booffbs.
bo^es. Yor ine zeue maneres of vi^t : ber comeb zeue for in seven
- - ^. . biatles there are
maneres ouercomeinges. and be pise zeue ouercominges : as many victo-
hi Wynne J zeue maneres of corounes. Jet byef zeue wUch gain seven
medes. htierof saynt Ion spek)> ine pe apocalipse. Vor ®"'*™*
ase z&jp saynt bemard. ' Mochel is he fol / and ouer- He isa fooi who
• J /• X . , ,..,,, thinks to have the
wemnde / pet wyp-oute ouercominge abit to habbe pe crown without the
coroune. and huo wyjH)ute vijt : wenf habbe pe ^ '*°^'
maystrie.' huerof zaynte paul z&jp. pet neure to
coroune ne ssel come : ])et trieweliche ne vi^t trewe-
liche / ^t is to zigge : be pe laje of pe uelde of pe y- Thecastomin
prouede / fet wes y-woned to byewne pe ealde manere B^was thU:-
at rome. Jjet pe ilke ])et to ]>e uelde him dede / uor to He who desired
habbe los : ouercom alle ^ J)et J)e mayst^ of pe uelde / ^to"*^*"*^***
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170
THE FIRST FIOHT.
all whom the
roaster of tha
field aent againet
This maater is
Christ, and he
knows the might
ofeafch.
not to be tried
above oar
strength.
Thej (hat orer*
oome shall have
seven kinds of
rewards.
The first fight
[Fol. S3, a.]
The first fight of
theChiistUnls
against deadly
The bold heart
finds it an easy
task to gain the
vict<n7.
Hethatftillethin
this fight hath
more need of
strength
than he that ia
standing.
As the fiah goes
into the net will-
ingly, soman
goes into sin,
but he may not
go oat of himself.
Theanns ct pen-
ance enable man
to overcome in
this fight.
Three points to
lin
1. Repentance of
heart.
dede come ayen him. J)e mayster of Je uelde /
is lesu cr/st / yet asay]) his newe kiiy3te8 ase hit is
y write ine fe hoc of kinges. Jjes mayst^ is wel trewe
ase zayp zaynte pauL and kan nol wel fe mi^te of
echen / he ne }K)leJ> ^t no vyend ous nondy ouer onre
mi^te. ne non adue^'sari ous asayli / fet we ne mo^
ouercome : yef we willej mid his helpe. J)et ine J>e vijt
ons wext ouie streng^ / ase z&jp zaynte paueL Saynt
Ion ase we habbe]> yzed / toparte)) zene ouercomei[n]gge8.
and zeue corounes. pet is to zigge : zeue maneres of
medes / pet god be-hat to pBH / pet ouercome]).
Jde uebste vijt.
]9e uerste uijt pet pe cristene habbe]> : is a-ye
dyeadlich zenne. ine ])is v^t neure ne is ouercome : ^t
nele to senne consentL he ouercom]) ])ane v^t / pet is
wel li^t to ouercome to ]>e bolde herte. and lang and
riotouse to fe sleauuolle / and to ]>e onlosti / fet bye)i
slacke to godes seniice. fet ne bye)) ne wel chald be
poer. ne wel hot : ine J)e loue of god / ase zayj) saint
Ion. ])e ilke pet ual]> an is ouercome ine pise vi^tinge :
hej) more strenger to done him-zelue to do arere / and
him-zelue to werie. Jeanne pe ilke ^t is stondinde. uor
he ne he)> none mi^te hi77^-zelue to arere : bote god
him hyalde pe hand be his grace. Yor ase viss ge)) in /
be him-zelue and be his wille in-to pe nette : alsuo pe
man gep in / be hi77i'Zelae and be his wyVLe in-to
zenne. Ac out ne may he na3t guo : wjp-onte oure
Ihordes helpe / J^et him yef]^ huanne he wyle / and pe
armes of penonce / huerby he may ouercome his y-uo.
pet is pe annuie J)et pe apostel zainte paul het to nime
ine })ise yijtinge / uor man on-armed : ne is ni^t wor))
ine vi3i Nou sselt })ou conne ]>et to ))an J^et pe man
by wel y-armed uor to ouercome parfitliche zenne. hit
behoue]) Jiet he habbe pn pvng ])et hjep ine zo])e penonce.
pe uerste prag is : uorfenchinge of herte. pe ojer :
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KINO David's rbpbntancb. 171
Bsrifte of mou)»e. pe ])ri(lde : is ynojamendement be *• shrift of
dede. Of fiae ])Ti J^inges is y-hol : )^ hauberk of s. Amendment in
penonce. Yef Je on of fise fri finges faylef : Je ifoDe'ofthe«e
ammre is al uals / and he fet hit berf : onercome. SniSSfi?"
Vorfenchinge : acsef grat zor3e and greate zykinges of JJ^j^^jg ^
herte / uor jjet he hef y-wrej^ed his sseppere. And Je ™"»<ie«i great
more fet me him hej) y-wrej)ed : Je more grattersselby "igWngB of heart
pe zoi^e.
Of ])E UOB])fiN0HINaE OF KTNG DAUl]}. Of the repentance
of king David.
J^xis uorjyu^tej^e kyng daui)) ase he zay)> ine pe sauter. David nya in the
^Ichznynkeandtrauayliineminezykinges. andwille wesse wash my bed
eche nijt mi bed and mine couche mid mine teares.' J)e ilke â„¢^
pet god hef y-wrefed be dyadliche zerrne : he ssel zoi^y The sinner rin
mid dyepe herte /.zuo fet fe herte melte al in-to tyeaies / .o somw thShL
and in-to greate zoi^es. and mid greate zikinges me ssel StoUtt^ ^^^
grede to god merci / ase his Jyef / ase his mansla^fe / andoymercyto
ase his bezuykere : fet he]) ofeerued fet gibet of helle. ^JriteS!*'"*
pe zene3ere is godes J)ief. nor pe guodes of his Ihorde The sinner is a
f et ne byef him bote ylend nor to wynne. J)et byej)
pe guodes of kende / and of grace / and of hap. huerof J«»i«hehath
him behouej) / rekeninge / and scele yelde wel strayt- oviuy spent the
liche. He hise hef folliche y-speTwied ine euele wones / of ood.
and al ylayd to an hazard. Efterward he is moyrdrer HeisamunJeiw
of the king's
of ))e kinges dorter, pet is of his ojene zaule pet wes daughter, that
godes dojter be grace. Jjet he hej> ysla^e be dyadlich goJ. °^^
zenne. Efberward he is godes bezuykere. uor pe castel He is a traitor to
of his herte / and of his bodye / Jet god him heJ ytake sold his sooi to
to loki : he heJ yolde to his yuo dyadlich / J>et is fe **** ^**^*^"
dyeueL Wel Jeanne he ssel grat zorje habbe fet is in
zuich poynt. and ofbe mid his teares his bed wesse. ])et wherefore the
is his inwyt. huerof pe uenimouse eddre of helle seat wash us bed, that
geu8, zueche tyeares driuef fane dyeuel uram pe herte : ^ **** ^^'
ase ])et hote weter cache]) Jiane bond out of pe kechene. After repentance
Efter pe uorfenchinge ssel come pe ssrifte fet is pe guode t^^ g^^doa^!^
chomberier J)et clenzep fet hous and kest out al pe uel^ ^^ â„¢' ^-3
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172 SIX CONDITIONS OF SHBIFT.
twrarthat ei«u»- mid be besme of be tonge. liuerof spekb dauid ine be
eth the houM. x-^ r r r
sauteie. ^ meditcUus mim cum co[r]de meo ^ excercebar
^ acopeham «piritum meum.
^^'**' Op J)b ssriftb.
There an tix ooo- Nou ondeTstand wel hier liou me ssel by ysBiiue /
dltlonaofabriA.
^rto ^t be ssrifte by wor]) to \q hel|»e of zaule. l)erto
1. That it tw behoue]) ziz ccmdicions. ]>e ueiste is J»et hi bi ymad
(a) to uk« heed wyslyche. )>iB Tvyt is ine tuo j^ing. ^ ueiste : J»et me
^ r^h^ nime hede to huam he ssel him ssiiue. £fterwar[d]
huerof Saynt austin zay)». uor )>et me de]) uor te bevly
Jyane dya}) of |»e bodie : me ssel do uor to askapie ]>ane
dya)» of ])e zaule. ]^ zike uor to be-uly )>ane dyaj) /
and uor to habbe hel]>e / zek)) blej^liche Jiane beste
fisician and |»ane wyziste ^t he may habbe. Alzuo
zay)) saynt augt^^tin / J^t hou ^t wille wysliche him be
>ic Agood rede / and grace auoreye god uynde : he ssel zeche
zuych ane ecmfessour : ])et conne bynde / and onbynde.
))et is )>et he conne wel y-knawe zenne / an ])ane zene3ere
one who hath wel rede. And bet he habbe power him to asoyli / and
power to abiblve ' '
and enjoin pen- him penouce to anioyuj be ])e zenne. Qui wit conJUeri
poccata sua ut inueniat graciam : querai sacerdotem qm
sciat Kgare ^ soluere / ^c,
(b) Who that wiu Efterfan huo Jet him wialiche wyle ssriue / he ssel
wm must think â„¢^^ wylle ])enche and his zennes auore Jet he come to
Sl^*"'*^**" ssrifte / and al his herte zeche / and his inwyt / hou he
he oomea to oon- ' i %/ t
tea them. j^gj, g^^j J ^j^^ j^jg yblyssedc moder / and his hal3en
ywrejed. and mid greate drede al his lyf bejenche / ase
dede ]>e guode king ezechie / Jet zayde Jus. * Ich wylle
bejenche alle mine yeres / ine bitemesse of mine zaule.'
The ainner ahau j)e zene3ere ssel guo in-to his house / Jet is in-to his
so into hooae.
that la, hia hearty herte. najt pasindeliche ase Je iogelour Jet ne blefj na^t
blejeliche in his house, uor he ne hej no worse hous
and there he ahaii hamiQ his oaeu. Ac bor he ssel bleue / and ysy aUe
ranainaodaee / ^ ^
all hia deteta, his dofautcs huerof he ssel yelde rekeninge / and skele
to god / an to his preste. Jet is to his ssrifbeuader. An
and ahaii think of ssel Jcuche of him-zeluc ase Je ilke Jet heJ day uor to
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DO NOT DBLAT SHRIFT. 173
rekeny of his onderuongiwge and of his flpeTwiinges tht •ocoont tobe
rmderad to God.
beuore hiB Ihorde. p&nne he ssel him diligentliche
)^nche beuore / and izy fet writ : of his inwyt. pet he
ne faly ine his lekeninge. Yor yef he faile]) at his
lekeninge : god nele ni^t faly at his. Huanne me he)> When he hath
diligentliche J-po^t of his zennes / and yzo3e hou / and ways he hath
ine hou ueie maneres he hef god y-wre)>ed. and hou SowiriiwdJ"**
uelezy))e. and hou kueadliche he hej> yzene^ed. and hou "^tonghehath
longe ybleft ine be zenne. banne ssel he him of al J*»en shau he
o 'f f ^ haatUyahriTehim
hasteliche ssriue. of aii.
And fiB is l^e o])er eondicion fet ssel by ine ssrifte. >• Do not delay
pe kyng daxdd aros at midnijt him uor to ssriue ase he
zayj) ine )^ sautere. Onnea|»e abod he ane monj^ / ne
alhuet half a yer. And fQ wyse ine o|»re stede ine )^
writinge zayf f us. * Ne abyd ni^t fe to wende to god / Dei^ la veiy
ne zech na^t to lenge / ne beuly. and n^t ne uerste reaaona,
uram daye to daye / uor fe abidinge is wel perilous uor
manye skeles.' Non tardea conuer^' ad ^ominum negue
differas de die in diem, Subito. n\am\. ueniet ira illixia I „ .
•^ *■-» ' [Pol 54. a.]
^ in tempore uindie^ peirdet te, Verst uor be con- (a)8iiitaab«iutog
ttin, and oan only
dicion of zenne. uor zenne is a uer beminde j>et ne may be qaenohed hy
ni^t by y-kuegt bote be tyares of ssrifte. And mochel
ssolde he by fol fei zeje his hous heme : fet nolde an
haste yeme to fe wetere. Efterward zenne is wel grat CW sin Ja a great
ziknesse : and be ssrifte is be medecine. And uorzobe ahitftisthemedi-
he praize]) lite his hel^ / )>et him-zelue yzi^^ zik al to
J>e djBfe I and ni^t ne wilne J> zone to by hoL Efter-
ward )>e dya|» fet is yredy / and oueral aspi]) jjane (o Death may
zeneaere / him ssel sterie zone him to ssriye. uor nerbeibrehehaa
^ ' ' . , - . dulyanhiinaelf:
he not ne fane time / ne Jmne day / ne pe oure:
huanne )>e dyea)) ssel come. )>et ofte ondemim)> |»ane
zene^ere huer he ne nim)> none hede. And uorzo]>e huo
fet wyste huet day he ssolde sterue : he hine wolde
agrayfi ase zone ase he mi3te. Efterward yef J>e zenej- (* ^'^JJ^^
ere y-zi^b wel bet peril huer hit is : uor he is ine be the priaon of dn,
^ :fr r Mr j Inthe throat of
prisone of zenne / ine ^ J^rote of ]ye lyone of helle / tbeUonofheii.
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174 OOD KNOCKS AT THE SINNVR's DOOR
and of fe dragoune ^t him wyle uorzuel^e / he wolde
(«) Delay may oc- grede to god be ssrifte aze zone aze lie mi^te. Eft^rward
•▼eriaating life, jef lie yze3e pe greate guodes ^et lie liet^ uorlore be his
^* **** ^^ zenne / fe guodes eurelestinde / and Jje guodes gostliche /
his tdme / and him-zelue / yet el may habbe ayen be
ssrifte : mochel ssolde he by fol bote yef he him hastede
CO The mercyof te habbe hit ayen. Efterwaid ]>e merci of god pet him
the ■timer's door abyt / and ssof|» at his doie / aze zajf pe apocahpse :
tohaiiten him to j^^ ^^^ him hsfiti to ssriue. VoT azemoche aze god abyt
more ]>ane zenejere: ^e more he him smit fe more
fellaker : huanne he him jn^p onlosti and sleauuoL Ase
pe ssyetere / fe more Jjet he dra^t his bo3e : Je harder
he smit. And uorzo})e he hep his ojene bo^e y-bent and
adra^e / ase zay]> pe sautyer / uor to sla^e pane zene3ere /
2J.°ifJI?i?**^" ^^ y®^ ^® ^^ ^® wytye. Efterward be ilke fet late
forgettoth hia ham 8siiue]> / uoiyet ofte his zertnes / zuo J»et onnyeaj^e
hit beualf Jet he by wel y-ssriue. uor he uoryet manye
zennes / huerof he neure him ssel be-]>enche. and zuo
him ne ssel neuie uor^nche / ne neure by ssriue. and
deK?*'M*r°^* j)et is to him wel grat peril Effcerward huanne he is
iiake<uy. bouore his ssrifteuader / he ssel him ssriue openlicho.
])et is to zigge ])et he ssel zigge his zennes dyerliche and
nakedliche / zuo J>et pe ssriuere izi openliche pe herte /
As the dok man and pe onderstondiwge of him J>et him astifp, Vor pe
known hia 8iok- zike ssel ouwri his ziknesso. uor o^rlaker pe fizicien ne
aidanifhewonid may BS^t wol worche. ne pe leche ne may na3t werche
mid pe zike / bote-yef he yzi his wonde. And J^eruore
zayj) boeice pe wyse / fet ' yef fou wilt j>et pe leche pe
hele : hit be-houef Jet JK)U onwii Jine wonde.' ])anne
pe truont pe ssel teche to by ssriue / Jet ssewej hare
pouert^ and hare ziknesse/and doj Jetuo[u]leste beuore/
ao most the ain- uoT to habbe be elmesso. Alzuo ssel be zeneaere onwri /
ner ahow hia slna ' . .
fortohayemeroy. and sseawy his zennes : uor to habbe merci. an Jis is Je
Jridde condicion Jet ssel by ine ssrifte. Efterward Je
4. shriva whoUy, zeuetere him ssel ssriue yhollyche / bet is be uerje con-
oonfeeathyain^ _. , ^ _ , _ / ., , / '^ ^. / .
great and amaii. dicion. Yor he ssol Zigge alle his zennes / and greate
and smale / and Je aboutestondinges of Je ze7?ne8.
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BXCTJ8E NOT THY SINS. 175
banne ssel lie uerst yzy be zeue dyadliche zennes / of ^eu unt the
^ J r ^ / eeven doMlly â– iM.
huycben we habbe]) aboue y-speke. and ybolliche of
ecben him ssriue be fan J>et be him y-uelj gelty. no Jing bxcom not thy-
to bele / no })ing wy])zigge. ns^t Ynm to defendi ne othen.
nenne oj^renne wraye. And fuB him ssrof dani)) ])et
zayde ine ])e saut^re * Icb wylle me ssiine and icb wille
zigge alle mine zennes aye me.' na3t of o]>Ten / nQ ayens
o]>ren ase doj fe ypocntes / fet doj) J^et uayreste wyf- Benotufhe
oute / ])et telle]) bire guodnesses / and wryep bare hide their sins,
kueadnesses. and wraye]) \>e ofie / and ])erof J^et bi
bye]) meet bam-zelue gelti. ])et y-zyef Jet mot ine Je that tee the mote
. - A. • 1 • ^ others' ^ei^
o])res eje / and ne jzyef na3t ])ane lefter me bire ojene but see not the
e^e. Zuycbe weren fe fanzeus of fe godspelle / pGt ^w.
zayde bis guodnesses / And onwoT])ede ])ane publycan
Jiet mildelicbe byet bis bryest ine Je temple / and bim-
zelue demde beuore god / and zojte merci : and zede.
^ Lbord god bane merci of me zenuolle.' And puB him
ssel deme pQ zene^ere be-nore' god / n^t nor to lessi bis The sinner ehaii
zennes /ac nor to moii and we3e wyjioute lyeasinge. hie dns before
EfWward pe ssiifte ssel by ybol / na3t to-deld ine uele
ssriueies. Vor me ssel zigge al to onen. najftl o del to <>"« m«»* oonHsee
*^ '•■-■tooneehrlver,
onen / and ^t o])er del to an-o])Ten. uor god ne tak]) none and not to many,
bede of znicbe tales, Efterward me ssel mtEte naat Confeae not only
^® ' thy Bins, but the
onlepilicbe pe zennes / ac ^ aboutestondinges alle ])et circumctanoea
more}) pe zennes. Yor pe zenne is^gratter ine one manne : them,
banne ine anobren. ase ine man of religion : banne ine sin is greater in
' ' ox one person than
ane seculer. and ine ane prelat : banne ine ane lo^er. enotber-more
heinous in one
ine ane greate Iborde : ])anne in ane simple manne. piaoethaninan-
Efterwuard / bit is more zenne ine one stede : ])anne
ine^ano])ren. Ase in boli cbercbe / o])er ine o])er boly
stede. Efterward ine one time ])anne in an-o])re / ase in
lenten / ober in ane beae messedaye. Eft^r'ward buanne ^^ ^on« at one
. . time than an-
me zene3e]) wy tindelicbe / me zeneje]) more yno3 / ])anne other,
onknawyndlicbe. Efberwar[d] me ssel zigge fe condicion ^«^ **»• condition
of fe zenne. nor bit is more zenne ine wyfman yspoused /
])anne in ane sengle. o])er ine man / o])er ine wyfman of
* bO'Uore in MS.
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176
OF OHOSTLT AND FLBBHLT THOUaHTS.
aadwhotlMrttM
â– In be aniuuuito-
raloiM.
SajtaowoAoi
thoa bast fcllfln
into till, and <liow
long thou bMt
rtmalned UkMvln.
thon hufc raalated
•to.
andralfttethe
oftQM, the man-
ner, and the
temptatlfon.
Afterwaida one
ahall paas on to
the Umbe where-
with one bath
tinned.
(Shrift mnst be
nadeof^'ghoatly
andfleehly
thooghte.")
[FoL66.a.]
Take heed nnt
to the head.
teth great Taliie^
aa doladiea who
cnrioosly deck
themaelvee ont^
who make great
horns of their
hair,
andwhowaeh,
oomb^ and pore
into mirrora.
Men are not
religion, ine ane preste o])er in ane dyakna. uor fe
hejeie )^t bye]) ^ hodes : ]w gratte[r] is ))e zenne.
Efterwaid yef ^e zenne is a-ye kende / ofer kendeliche.
Eftarward hou ofte he hej> ynalle into ze^tne / and hou
longe he hep y-blened ^rine. Eftarward me ssel ngge
yef he ne hej na^t yuojte aye ]» uondinge. ofer yef he
he^ y-porchaced J^e zenne. ofer yuojte ine j)e nondinge.
Vor J>er byej> some yet ne abide)) ni^t fe uondinge / ac
his poTchace]) / and zuo hi nalle)). Efterward / pe
cause and fe uondinge J)<ft com]) to do zenne. me ssel
zigge and alle pe o])re causes / and pe aboutestondinges
])et moje mori pe zenne,
Efterward me ssel zigge and yeme by pe lemes
huennide me he^ y-zene^ed. Yeist me ssel guo to pe
herte / and zigge his ])03tes huyche ])et hi by / o^r
ulessliche / o])eT gostliche. Gostliche : ase aye pe
byleue / ojer of ydele blisse / oJ)er of enuie. o])er of
wpej)e. o])er of ojre manure huerof ])eT is to moche. Jje
ulessliche belonge]) to lost / an to wylninges. zuo me
i^el wel loki ine alle piae ])03tes yef per is eonsentinge /
o])er lang bleuinge ine pe lostes / pet is o])er]^idl ase
moche wor]) : ase to ccmsentL And of alle zuiche ])03tes
he ssel him ssriue.
Eftarward / me ssel nime yeme / yef me he]) y-
zene^ed be pe lemes of pe bodie. uor me kan zene^i ine
uele maneres. Yerst be pe heauede. hueran me zet ofte
grat cost / ase do]) piae leuedis / ^t zuo curiouseliche
agr&jpep hire heaueden mid preciouse agray])inges uor
klene ydele blisse. uor to liki and uor to dra3e zenne.
Hueruore hi zene^ep ofte kueadliche. and nameliche ])0
])et make]) zuo greate homes of hare here / o])er of o))ren /
J)et hi semblej wel fole wyfinen. Yno3 per is of ydel-
nesse aboute hire heaued / to kembe / to wesse / ine
trossinge / an ine sseweres pouringe. huerof god mochel
hiw wre])e]). Of fise ydelenesse / ne byej ni^t qw'tte
pe men ])et do]) zuo grat payne ham to kembe and to
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THE FIFTH CONDITION OF SHRIFT, 177
pouri ine saeaweres and ine hare here wel to crold an to whoUy free from
fhie vioe, for th^y
bleue be stTeng})e / to pan pet hi hahbe nayr dorilot / aiioporoftito
pet is ine tokne of kueadnesse / and of zuiche ydelenesse great paina to curi
hi ssolle ham ssriue. ^ ^'
Eft^T-ward me ssel yeme to pe vif wittes of pe hodie / Look to the five
huerby me zenQ^ep ^ wel ofte. o}>er be pe ejen ine fole zi3]>e. ^^^^ oneiS-
ojer be pe yearen ine folliche to hiere / and y-here ble^e- ^^^*j!*Z?
liche be misziffceres. and beblonderes. and be scomeres. theeaninfooiwi
r OG r r hearing, by.the
and pe lyejeres. and of re folyes, Oj>er be pe mouJ)e / ine mouth m e%ii
folliche to spekene. ine to moche ethe / and to moche the noee (n de-
lightlng in good
drinke. 0])er be pe nase / ine to moche hbn to Hky in nneiie,
guode smelles. Oj)er be fole takinges and inhoneste- i^ foul handling,
liche / oJ)er ine him-zelue / oJ)er ine his wyue. J)et he hej.
oJ)er ine ofren fet wore is / bi hit man / bi hit wyftnan.
Alsuo he him ssel ssriue of mochel hede Jet me dej» aibo shaii one
•hrive him of a too
ine ssredinge to bedde and to regge / and hosiinge and great ragard to
ssoinge. and of alle ojjre finges J)et he bejengj. And 2Sdtofk,*h^g,
f ous is pe asriffce y-hol huanne me zayf alle pe lackes '^**^^-
greate and smale. And )>is is pe uer))e ccmdicion : ]>et
ssel by ine ssrifte.
pe vifte cc/wdicion zuo is j?et me ssel by y-ssriue s. shrin
mildeliche. uor pe zenejere spekf to god fet jzi^p his JJ^u^"*^
herte. J>a«ne pe ssriuere ne is bote J)et yeare of god.
and fet ha yherj / he not na^t ase man : ac ase god.
And feruore ssel pe zene3ere hiw mildi ase moche a^e The thrfver lean
ha may beuore god / and zigge his zewnes mid greate Therefore ehaii
drede. and ssel his zennes alle keste out touore him / Ssd^^Jrtttgreat
ase zayj) pe writiwge. Ase me belt uol a pot of wetere. ^JJ^ ^^^^^ ,j
huawne J)et weter is y-sset : J>er ne bleff no colur. ase ine ^ "^ ^'»«™ ^^
molk. ne smel ase ine wyn. ne smac : ase ine hony.
Alzuo me ne ssel ofhyealde of pe zenne zeppe he hit hef
yzed ine ssrifte / ne bet colour / bet is be kueade manere He must let no-
' I * J tUng remain that
})et me he]) yhet / o])eT ine speche o])er ine zi^pe / o])er haa the colour of
ine kueade uelajrede to uoljy / ojer ine ojre Jinge J>et AAerwaidehe
hep colour of zenne. Efterward me ssel lete J)ane smak ?!S^k" ©f iij
» MS. ^me^ep
12
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178 THE SIXTH CONDITION OF SHRIFT.
and never think of zewiie. yef he oflialt j^iiiie smak of zo//iie fet J^engf
put Bins. of J)e zewiie pet he hej) y-do / and hi?« lykej? wel ine
fe jj03te and is ypayd. Ac he ssel J)enche of his zennes
mid greate drede and mid create zone of herte / and
[Fol. 56. b.] , . , .
Hestaauthinkof hlm-zelue ssende ine him zelue / and habbe trreate
UiiinBwlthgmt ^ , # , .,
diwd, sorrow, and Bsame to-uoie god / and uest wil J^et neuremo to zenne
ne ssel wende ayen fa.^ me ssolde hine al to-heawe.
He shall aft«v Eftcrwaid me ssel lete and be-uly bane smel. Jjer
wards fly from _
the "smell," and Dye J) zome fet wel uorletej) fe zenne : ac blefeliche
sinftii speech. ^ herej) Jerof speke. Ac he ^et him wel uorJ)ingJ) :
he ne ssel najt ])erof yhere speke / J^et he ne ssolde
habbe wlatiinge.
«. Shrift must be be zixtc coTwiicion bet ssel by ine ssrifte is / bet me
made often, tor _' '^ '^ ' ^
many reasons. ssel ofte by yssriue uor manie skeles. Verst / uor to
zeche fe more grace of clennesse / ase J>et line cloj Jwt
a. To ensure is y-huyted be ofte wessinse. Efterward uor be zewnes
greater purity of •^ -^ © f
life. uenials huerine me ualjj ofte. and huo pet ofte hi?«
6. Portheabso- beuelb : ofte he him ssel wesse. Alsuo ase hit behoueb
lutlon of "venial « . „ , .
sins." ofte fet ssip made out J>et wetor pet ameway gep m.
e. To drive away Efterward uoT to cachie and uem J^ane dyuel uram him.
J)e uo3el him uerrej) blejjeliche uram Jjannes huer me
brek}) his nest, and uram ]>a7}ne8 huer me him hemmp
d. To learn to his eyrcu. Efterward / uor to lyemi him wel to ssriue.
shrive well, for i • -i •
pittctloe makes uoT wone : make)) maister. ase hit ssewe)» me pise o])re
e. To prevent for- creftcs. Efterward / uor f et me uoryet oflie ^e zewnes /
grt ess of oar ^qj-uoj^ me ssel ofte by y-ssriue and telle. Efte^-ward /
kn^rn<rt** ^^^ f®^ ™® ^^* y®^ °^® ^^J' ^®^ y^y yssriue / ofer uor-
whether shrift benchinde. zuo me ssel ofte wiwne ayen / bet me heb
has ever been weU '^ J I r Y
perfonned. lessc yuoa y-do. Eft^Tward / him-zelue be more uor to
g. To get greater , ,
meed of God. bou3e / and uoT to habbe J^e more mede of god. Jjeruore
me acsede ane abbotte / hueruore he \nm ssrof zuo ofte.
and he ansuerede / * ))eruore ' he zede / * Jet ich habbe
alneway drede / pet ich ne am na^t wel y-ssriue, YS\er-
h. To bethink of ward / ich me bebenche ofte of some binges bet ich ne
sins unconfessed. __, ,_ _ -n • i
{Vij\>inge9diit$tor- habbe na^t yzed. and J^eruore ]>6t be pe ssrifte ich me
"^â– ' ** arero alneway pe more milde.*
Five things de- Nou hcst J)ou yhcrd hoii me ssel by y-ssriue. nou
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HOW SHRIFT IS HINDERED. 179
l^ou sselt y-wyte ^t vif J^inges specialliche destorbe)> str^joch true
- .«w ■hrift.
zope ssrmpe.
])e ueiste is ssame. pet he ne dar na^t zigge his i. shamo, which
zenne uor ssame / and ^t def fe dyeuel / pet him zet sion.
beuore be ssame / him uor to ssette bane moub. ase deb The d«vu acts
^ 1. , , 1 . ,1 Ilk© the thief who
fe Jyyef pet pTSxip psme bttle bal in-to pe hondes ])rote throws a uttie
J^et he ne ssel na^t berke. Yor of zuyche kende is pe hoond's mouth, to
like litel bal : Jet makej Jane bond domb huawne me ^JJu^^ °*
hit JrawJ in-to pe Jrote. Ac pe zene^ere ssel Jenche
Jet Je ssame Jet me hej ine Je ziggenge of Je zenne : is The shame of
grat del of Je amendinge. Efterward he ssel ble Jeliche great imrt of
drinke a lite of ssame : uor to beuly Je greate ssame.
Jet Je zene^eres abidej ate daye of dome huarane ech of
Je wordle ssel yzi his o^ene zennen. pet ojer Jing is & a wicked fear
wycked drede uor to do greate penonce. Janne Je dyeuel .noe.
deb in-to be eare of be zeneaere : * bou ne miat naat lete some einneTi are
, I .,„.,., , , , , like the hoTM
Jine wones / zuich uolk is y-uch Je horse Jet he J drede that is aftaid of
of his ssede / and uorzoje hit ne is bote ssed al Jet me
may do of penonce ine Jise wordle / to Je zi^Je of Je
pine of belle / oJer of pwrgatorie. Jje Jridde / kueade «. wicked love of
loue / Jet Je dyeuel heJ zuo Jane zenejere uorzoke / thesinner to sleep
Jet he loue J zuo his lost / Jet he hit nele lete. zuo ^^ h^hu iiSi.
JengJ Jet uor najt he him ssrifj. zuo he slepj ine his ^^^ ^ ^^
zenne : ase dej Jet zuyn ine Je wose. j>e uerje Jing 4. Hope of long
is / hope of lawg lif. Jeruore Je dyeuel zayj. *Jou art ^
yong man / Jou sselt libbe longe / Arere Je / and do
Ji wyl / Jou sselt wel come Jer to Je to ssriue.' Ac he whereby the sin-
ne zi3J na3t Jane dyaj Jet him waytej / and Jet bine deathT
wile nime : rajre Janne he ne wene. Vor god Jet ^^tJiIH*'^
behot uoryeuenesse to him Jet uorjingj : he ne behat weeneth.
him na^t to-morje / ase zayJ saynt gregorie. J)eruore
Je dyeuel playj ofte mid Je zenejere ase de J Je cat mid The devu pUys
be mous banne he his heb ynome. and huanne he heJ as the cat doth
. . with the mouse.
mid hire longe yplayd : Janne he his eth. Jje vifte 5. Despair.
Jing is / wanhope huerine Je dyeuel deJ Jane zenejere.
Ac he ssolde Jenche Jet god uoryefj lijtHche to ham / think that God is
12 •
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180 HOW PENANCE IS TO BE MADE.
more willing to Jiet uorj^ing^. and more is blej^elaker uor to yeue uor-
to Mk. yeuenesse : fanne we uor to aksi.
Of YN03BOTE.
Of unandment After pe ssnfte com]> yno3bote / ^et is pe amendinge
Amm^n^ mnst fet me ssel do bi J)e wille / and bi fe rede of j>e ssriuere /
S^fltoi^MS**^ J>et ssel deme ^e amendes be Jje geltes. oJ)er ine uest-
prayenu inges. oJ>er ine elmesse. oJ)er ine benes, o^r ine opre
He mnst obey the ])inge8 / ase be ])an pet pQ zenne acse|». And pe zike
sick nun htephy- ssel ble))eliche bou3e to pe fisicien uor to habbe hel])e.
anoe.
And Jjet guode chi[l]d dej blefeliche pe teste of bis
uader gostlich uor pe guod of bis zaule.
The sinner hM Nou best J)ou yberd pe fri finges fet belef fet
to^flght against jj^^j^p]^ Qf penouce buemiide god anne]> bis newe kny3t
uor to ouercome fet vi3t J)et be hej) aye zenne. And be
ssel ouercome piae Yi3tinge : be ne be)) bede of })ane
1. And first o]>rene dyaf / ase zayj sayn Ion. pe uerste dyaf of pe
* of sin, zaule is be dyab of zenne bet me ouercomob be penonce.
which may be , , / , . ,
» by pen- huerby me askapej) fane ojjrene dyajj f et is pe dyaj) of
beUe J^et sterue ne may. J)et is pe uerste bo3 of pe
irawe of prouesse. Huo }>et ouercome)) fane vi3t / he
«. Theseoond ouercomb ane obrene. Huan be man Imn uorbingb of
fightUAwresUlng , "^ '^ ^ . r ©/
with one's own bis zonno I fane com|jj] per a newe wrestlinge to bis 03ene
anoe and what berto huet penoucc be ssel do / and buet lif be ssel lede.
and uele fer byef zuycbe fet ine fo vi3t byef ouercome.
Some are over- Vor ase god zayf ine bis spelle. nou [b]y leuef / nou hi
battle, misleuef. nou hi wyllef / nou hi ne wyllef. nou hi pro-
posent / nou hit is betere. J)eruore hi byef ase pe
for they areas wedercoc bet IS ope be steple / bet him went mid echo
the wealheroock, ' ^ ' i 1 r
ttiat tumeth with wynde. Ac huanue fe man seruef god and strengjje))
bis berte ine bis guode wille. fawno if f e ilke vi3t ouer-
come. an f anne makef hi7?i god Strang and stedeuest
ase a pos[t] ine bis te7nple / fet is holy cherche / ase
zayf saint Ion. f is is pe ofer ouercominge and f e s^pe
f et he him kep)).
8. The third Efter ))ise wrestlinge comf pe f ridde / fet pe ma?*
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DAME FORTUNE AND HER WHEEL. 181
lie]) to his 03ene ulesse / fet mochel him playnej) and ^?**^1|* ^^
groclleJ)/hua?^ne hi" beginf to uele \>e harnesses and fe [» *«^
smertnesses of penonces. and mochel ha vi^t uor to
come ayen to his yealde wones. J>et ides is Jet kueade ^^ch rasisteth
wyf huerof spek)> salomo, J^et huo pet mest def hare p®°*"**-
wil : be worse hiw is. and be more hi is ayen him. „ , _ ,
' ^ '^ '^ ' [Pol. 50. b.]
And huo J)et him let onercome be his ulesse. he is ine He who is over*
, 1.1-1 1 1.1.1 come by his fleeh
a wei zoi^uol freldome and wel viL And fet wes uinMrrowftxi
betokned ine samson \>e stronge / Jet uor-J>an fet he ^a that was be!^
let him ouercome be ane wyfmanne : he uorleas his wn^t^sSo^'
her of his heauede huerinne wes his greate strengj)e. J^dei^o^hJ***'
and Je e^en of his heauede : and J>e strengje of his ^^^^^^^
bodia and nil into Je honden of his yuo / J>et ^iabody.
him deden gnnde ate queme ssamuolliche. Al Jis dej
fe dyeuel gostliche to Jan Jet him let ouercome be his
ulesse. Huo Jet Jeme vi3t ouercomj* god him behat J© pMs ouanont^
huyte robe of chastetee and of innocence / ase zayj Je
apocalipse.
Efter Jise ui3tinge comj Je wordle and dame 5. After twa fl«ht-
tfig ooineth the
fortune mid al hare huejel / Jet asaylej Jane man a world, and dame
rijt half and a left half / Jet byej tuo wel greate ^^^^
vi3tinge8 huer moche uolk is ouercome a rijt half and a
left half / ase zay J Je sauter. Vor more is Strang Je
uondinge Jet comJ of worjssipes / of richessee / of
lostes : Jet Je dyeuel byet / and dej beuore : JaT^ne by
Je ilke Jet comJ be aduersete / ase of pouert6 / of
zycnesses Jet god zent. And Je ilke Jet ouercomj Jane 5!_®I!rf°^
uer Je vi^t : Jet is huo Jet uli3 J and onwor Je J mid deapiaeth the
herte Je worjssipe of Je wordle. god him behat worj-
ssipe and hejnesse ine heuene. Vor he him wyle do
zitte mid him ine his trone / ase zayJ Je apocalipse.
To him Jet ssel ouercome Jane vifte vijt Jet is Jeft- JveJlJ^r^vlSf
half : Jet is aduersete of pise wordle : god him be jafr Je '^^»
mawne Jet is y-hed. Jet is Je greate zuetnesse an Je ^^^^^/^
great
lees
diie.
greate likinge of paradis / Jet non ne him may benyme. •weetaeeaof Para-
Vor be Je ma/me Jet wes zuo zuete / Jet ech uand
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182 PRIDE WAS THE BUIN OF LUCIPRR.
evLjch smac : ase he wolde. is ondorstonde / ye greate
zuetnesse / t^^ greate lost / j>et god horde]) / and
wytej) / to ham Jjet ouercomej) fe aduersetes of J^ise
6. The sixth fight wordlo. pe zixte yi3t fet is wel Strang / is a-je fe
wickedneMof the kueadcs Jet byejj ine fise wordle / j)et byef fe lemes of
^^'^ anticrist fet werrej fe guode men be hare strengje /
ase deden ine ealde time pe tyians ]>e martires / pe
eretiks : pe guode cristene men / and ssolle do ine pe
â– fffttnitthe limbe ende of pQ wordle. pe lemes of anticrist J>et ssolle werri
of Antichrirt, ^^ j^^ guode cristene / fet onnea]>e ssel by eny fet dor
by-knawe fet by msten / uor pe strengjje of anticrist
the destroyen of and of his lemes. pet is ))et best ])et sayn Ion yzej ])et
chriiSLrmen. werrede J>e hal3en huerof we habbej> beuore* yspeke.
The umbT^oiii J^ lemes of fise beste ham sseawe]) nou ine kueade
iroMoiSapri^ pnnces / and ine kueade ouerlinges / J>et be hare greate
and mien. couaytise / defoulcut and be-uleaj / and ethej» [h] are on-
derlinges / zuo ])et pe guode men )»et bye|» onder ham
habbej) ynoj to Jjolye / and ynoj of zorjes / and of
greate misuaL Ac pe ilke ])et al nim)) ine ])olmodnesse
He who tnute in &se dede iob. and him lef)) al ine god : ouercom]) pia
o^e'tiSfight^ vi^t. and to pan j)et hit ouercoraj) / god him behat J>et
â– Qd au hu foes, ^q j^j^ ^|^ y^^^ mijte / ouer his yuo / ase zayf zaint
Ion ine pe apocalipse. Efter alle J>ise vijtinges com])
[Pol. 67. ».] P^ ^^^ f®* meat is Strang. Vor pe dyuel J)et mochel
The devil assails ^ kueduol / and sotil huawne he yzijf Jet pe man is
^ni^^^rt^ ycliue ope Jjane hel of perfeccioun. and he hef alle pe
•amption. uijtes beuore yzed ouercome. fawne he asaylej him be
ydele blisse and be presumcion. Vor him JingJ) J>et he
is a wel guod man / and wel mid gode / uor f et he hep
zui) moche y-do / and yjoled uor him. Hueruore he
on wiwiait^ofhis ^^^ ojerhuil uram zuo heje : zuo loje / ase dede
pride. lucii.er. And Jeruore hit is grat nyed / jjet pe man by
SJSdbTcTu^ wys /and ywer him uor to werie uram ydele blysse Jet
foruJeshi is °^*^6f J® efterwarde. Vor ine Jo ende / lij ofte Je
often destroyed accombiiuge. and nyxt Je hauene : spilj ofte Jet ssip /
haven. Jet gej zdkerliche ine Jo he^e ze. )}eruore hit behouej
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THE GIFT OF COUNSEL. 183
]>et he agray))i his zayl / j>et is his onderstondinge to ))e
hauene of hel))e / Jet is to lesus crist / be Je wynde of
stedeuest loue / and of grat wyhunge of god. bis is be Let the soai be
guided by the
ende of rijtuolnesse / huerof we habbej) aboue yspeke / windofsted-
fet com]) of JH5 yeffe of strengjm / and of J>e uirtue of
prowesse. aze ]>e guode knijt and orped / ]>et he)) guod
heite and hardi / and he)) y-by ine uele ]>re8tes mid The good knight*
grat wil / and grat honger to ssewy his stiengjm ine hisskiuandooor-
tomemens o]>er ine vijtinges / him uor to alosi and ^nin thetour^
uorzoje huo J>et hejy grat loue of god and grat honger /
and grat wilninge of his hel))e. he ouercomJ> lijtlyliche
]>ise laste yi3t. Yor he nele ne najt ne wylne)) ine ))ise
Hue bote ]>et is to ]>e wor])ssipe and to ))e blisse of god /
and hel])e of his zaule. And huo ])et ])is uijt ouercom)) / He who over-
he win)) J>e mede huerof saint Ion spek / huer pet oure tight
Ihord zayde ine pe apocahpse / *^to him Jet ssel ouer-
come. ich wylle him yeue to ethe of pe trawe of line
]>et is amidde paradys.' ]>et is lesu crist Jet yefj lyf ehidi receive the
eurelestinde / huerby alle Je haljen libbej ine Jo blisse uft*
of paradis and byej alle nolle and uolueld. And Jet
is Je blissinge Jet oure guode mayster behat ine his
spelle to his guode knijtes hua/^ne he zede. 'yblissed
byeJ Jo Jet habbej honger and Jorst of ri^tuolnesse' /
Jet is of god to serui and to louie / uor hi ssolle by and be mied with
uolueld of Je frut of Je trawe of line. J5et is Je ende tm^^ufc/
and Je guodnesse of Jise uirtue Jet is ycleped prowesse
huerto ous lede Je yefje o strengje.
Of J5B yefJpe of red /and of u/irruB op mercl orthegiaof
couiuelandof the
Ase J>e holy gost yefj strengj>e and wyl of greate ^*^« of mewy.
Jinges to onderuonge : alsuo he yefJ red / huerby me
comj to guode heauede and to guode ende of Jet me
nimj an hand. f>et is a grat grace Jet Je holy gost Thegmorooon-
ael la a great
yefJ / Jet is ycleped Je yefJe of red. huerby Je man hej grace of the Holy
grat bezyinge / and grat bejenchinge in Jet he nymj itguidethinan
an hand. And Jet he ne by to hastif ine his niminges. '^^^
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184 SEEK GOOD ADVICE.
Vor ase zayj Je filozofe / * greate finges byej) y-do / na^t
be strengje of bodie ne be amies : ac be guod red.'
Haaty coaiuei is -^^ anojer zuo zayj Jet hette socrates / fet * of hastif
^to!il*^ "â– red : hit uorjingj efte[r]ward.' andjeraore zayj) Salomon.
* iN'e do nj^t wyj-oute guod red, and efter fe dede hit
ne ssel najt Je uorjenche.*
This grace show- ]>is gTOce him ssewe^ ine man ine fn maneres.
ways. Verst to zeche blejelkhe guod red. j5ous redde tobye /
advioeT*^**^ his zone. * Vayre zone * zayj> he / * zech euremo red of
wyse men.* And Salomon J>us zayJ. *}>er no guod red
Folk (all, says ne ys : bet uolk to-ualb / and is al onzauwed. ac hi is
Solomon, ibr ^ r r i , , . ,
wantofooonseL wely -holpe huawne fer is moche guod red wyfmne.
* Ac loke* }>e zayJ) ]>e wrytinge ' uram kueade rederes. and
Beware of fUse ne akse no red at foles / uor hi ne louieb / bote bet
adTiaers, and liik ' r i r
noootmseiof ham like)), najt J)et payej god.' Alsuo tekj) J>e
Seek advioe of the writinge / ))et me ssel zeche red ate yealden / and najt
eiKjed.** *^^'^' "^i^ f® jonge pQ ne byeJ) najt yproued ine nyedes. Ac
mid Je yealde Jet habbej yzoje and yproued Je Jjinges /
BehoboMn lost a bet is bet wyt / and bet red. Vor ban bet roboam
great part of his ^, ^ , / , ^ ,,
kingdom through salomo;^nes zone / uorlet J>ane red of ))e yealden guode
advioe. i^en / uoT Jane red of yonge : he uor-leas Jet gratteste
del of his kingdome.
He who hath this Efteward / huo Jet he J Jise yefje / he onderzek J
Je redes Jet me him yefj / and JengJ mid greate
is not cMii j^ led bejenchinge : Jet is grat bezyinge : yef me him ret
counsel of others, -^^-el / and treweliche / najt li^tliche yleue to Je rede /
ojer to Je ziggenge of one mawne / ne of tuaye / hou
moche Jet hi by his priues / and his urendes. Huerof
seneke zede. Jet *wys man examenej Je redes / and no
ylefj na^t li3tliche. uor Je ilke Jet ylefj lijtliche : uint
but foUoweth only ofte Jet me him gyle J / and misret.' Efterward / huo
ffood advioe
Jet Jis yefJe hej / he bo^J to guod red Janne he hit
hej yuounde. Vor najt he zekj red / Jet ne heJ no
wyl to do la3e. Huerof Salomon zayJ. J5et *hit JingJ
to Je fole Jet he is ine rijte waye. Ac Je wyse zayJ.
on red is to zigge. uor Je wyse bou3 J to guod red / Jet
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CHRIST THE ANGEL OP COUNSEL. 185
fe folee oiiwor|)eJ).' J)e meste profitable red J>et me may wWoh foota d©-
habbe / is be red of oure imode maistre lesu cnst bet is Themortpront-
, o , , __ 1 J J able advice is that
pe wysdom of god ]>e uader of nuam comp ai guod red of oar good mm-
[and] ous brengj) mam heuene / Je ilke J>et is pe angle of '
Ted / ase zayj Je writinge. J>ot is Jyet red J>et he ous yef(>
ine his spelle huanne he zede. * yef Jwu wylt by parfit :
guo and zel al Jet J)ou best / and yef hit ye poure uor
godes loue. an com efter me / and ))ou sselt habbe grat
hord ine heuene.* Yzi^ and ))ench huo yef)> ])ane red.
uor bet is ase zayde fe wysdom of god ]>e uader. ]>e Heiatheuigeior
angel of red / )>et is zo]> god / and zof man / fet com tme ood and true
ine erjje Je uor to rede / and J)e uor to teche J>ane way who came on to
and J)ane ri3te pej> to guonne into paradis. pet ia pe ^Jale waytT**
pej) of pouert^ / huerby let Je holy gost J>o Jjet he alijt ^»'»^*»^
of pe jefpe of red. ZoJ> hit is pet ine oJ>re manure /
and be o))re waye hi moje ham souL ase be ])e waye of
pe hestes of oure Lhord lesu crist loki: ase ine
spoushod / ojyer ine wodewehod / and ine richesses of
pe wordle hua»ne me his uzej wel. Ac pe holy gost be
pe jefpe of red / let and drajj) uorjy more ri3tuolliche
and more zikerliche be pe pe^ of zojye pouert^ / huer- by the iwth of .
by meonworjej) and dej) onderuot pe wordle and alle ""^^*
couaytyse / uor pe loue of god.
)5es yef>e of red bestrepj> pe zenne of auarice and of ^^^yeuT""
couaytise / and zet a wel uayr trau / bet is be u«-tue of •▼•rf** and covet-
*' I ^ I r r ouBnesa, and pro-
merci / Jet is zor3e and bolemodnesse of ojremanne motee sorrow and
patience.
kuead / and of ojremanne misdede. J)et trau heb zeue The tree of mercy
/» ■« 1 hath ee^'an BtepB,
stapes huerby hit wext and profitej.' pet byej pe zeue [Foi. 58. a.]
Jinges Jet moche ledej man to merci / and to habbe nven things which
Jolemodnesse of ojre mawne kueade. J?et uerste Jing ***^ ^ â„¢*'*^'
Jet ssel man sterye to merci : is kende. uor ase zayj Je i- Nature,
hoc Jet spekj of kende of bestes. * nor uo3el ne eth of No fowl eateth
/» 1 t»i • t 11 -r^« 1 .,, t another of Ita own
ojren yef he is of his kende. Efb^rward Je like zelue kind,
hoc zayJ. Jet *on mere dra^J uor J Jet colt of anojre
huanne hi is dyad.' Efterward me hej moche yzoje and
1 }iS.p<»-jU4>
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180 OUR PARENTS : GOD AND THE CHURCH.
The wolf protect- yproued / and is ine fo boc yuonde. ]>et fe wolues
dien from other dra^e)) uorJ> pe children J>et byej) uor-kest / and weref
^refore a man ^^ uiam ojre bestes. Wei ssel panne a man habbe
S^ASSiw of Pi^ / ^^ folemodnesse of pe kueade of pQ ofre fet is
his own kin. i^j^ anlicb ine kende. pet alle we byeJ) of one kende /
and of one 8sep])e. and to one norbisne ymad / ase wo
babbe]> y-zed be-uore. j>e o])er ]>ing j)et ssel man dra^e
2. Grace. to merci / and to Jjolemodnesse of ojjre manne kuead /
We an all Umbe )>et is grace. uoT alle we bye J) lemes of o body / Jet is
OTe*iimb natwai- of holy cherche be grace, and o leme hep kendeliche of
Shen"^'**^'" anojyren : Jolemodnesse. Efterward alle we byeJ wi]>-
we are au bought bojt of One zelue piis. ]>et is mid pe blisuolle blode [of]
withth^bioS'of lesu crist Jet he ssedde nor ous ine pe rode / ous uor
^'^^ to wij-begge uram pe dyaje eurelestinde. Huanne
godes zone wes Ja/me zuo leujeuol / zuo uol of merci
auoreye ous : wel ssolle we habbe reuje / and )K)le-
modnesse pe on of pe ojie. helpe / and soucouri pe on
We are all child- pe ojor. Efterward / alle we byeJ) children of [on] uader
reu of one Father,
bybeUefandbj and of moder be byleane and be grace, uor we byeJ
*'***' godes children and of holy cherche. and pe on broker
ssel helpe pe ojren : Janne he yzi^J his niede. uor ate
s. The scripturee niede : me yzi3)) huet pe urend is. pe Jridde Jing Jet
mereiftT ** ssel moche man sterie to merci : is pe heste of pe holy
writinge. Jet redej and hotej Je workes of mersi aboue
alle ojre workes. Huerof Je wise Salomon zayj / *y-
wyte Je* zayJ he / * Jet Jin heued ne by na3t wijoute
The ou feeds the oyle.* Vor be oyle is y-uorjed Jet uer ine Je lowpe.
The lamp is and ine lompe is onderstonde merci Jet ssel by euremo
Asto^ oil up- iiie J>i^e heuede / Jet is ine herte. And al ase Je oyle
bmapatove au ^P ^^^ ^® f® lompe / alle Je o Jre woses : alsuo merci
ao*does me** ^® ^^ ^^^ uirtues. An alsuo ase Je oyle norissej and
above au other loke J Jet uer ine Je lo?wpe. and huanne hit faile J : Jet
uer is y-kuenct. alzuo huanne merci fayle J : Je loue of
When mercy ftdi- god faile J : ase saynt Ion zayJ. ' Huo Jet yzeje his brojer*
God Mieth. zay J he * habbe niede and mezayse / and he [ne] him yefje
[sset] Je dore of his herte' / Jet is to zigge / *huo Jet ne
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THE DEVIL A 8HUT-PUB8E. 187 ,
heb reube and hifn ne helpb yef he may / hou is* lie God's loveu not
, , , . ,. ; . , n , , / In him that help.
zayb / ' erodes loue me mm ? / ase yef he zede / bet ne eth not his
may na3t by. Vor pe oyle of merci is y-faled ine pe need,
lompe of his herte.
Eft^ward pe guode tobie to^te his zone / and zayde The good ToUe
pMB. * Yayre zone bi merciuol as ))e mi3t. yef ))ou best bemerauuaadto
yno^ of guode : yef largeliche. and yef J)ou best lite : "^^^^^y-
of po litle yef gledliche.' And oure Lhorde lesu cnst chrbtidd,"Go
zayj) ine his spelle. *guo zayf he and zel al pet J>ou hMt,»ndgive*it
best / and yef hit pe poure.* J)et is pe utrtue fet pe holy ^^^^p**'-'*
writinge ret. more generaUicbe. Vor J>et is J>e mrtue
}>et god mest is mid ypayd ase zayj) pQ writinge. [FoL58.b.]
Huer-of god z&yp be pe profete. *ich wille he z&jp ABQodiaJth,"i
merci : and na^t sacrifice.' and saint austin pua z&yp / and notmoruiM."
^t ' per ne is no ping ]>et make^ man zuo by beloued
mid god ; ase pite.' Vele men makej> to god sacrefices /
of uestinges / of peregnnages / of ssarpnesses of bodye / ^JJJ^â„¢*^ "I
ac uor to do elmesse / hi byeb straite and wrechchen. <"» »nd perform -
pilgrimajfOB, but
Efterward jyer hjep manie men to huam god he]) laige- sparing of their
liche y-yeue of timliche guodes. and make^ sacrefices
na^t to god: ac to f e dyeule / ojer to pe wordle /in Many men so
))et hi despende]) foUiche hare guodes ine ydelnesses ing their money
uor host of pe wordle ac nor to yeue uor god : by byej the devii.
harde ase an [di] aymont.
Efterward ase merci likeb to god alsuo hit ne likeb *^««y *■<**^
^ . . . 1 , pieedngtothe
nopmg to pe dyeule. Vor ))et is pe armure huer-by he devii,
is be rabre ouercome / ase zayb a glose ope be sautere. ^°' ** *• **»«
^ ^ ' ^r o tr T ^ armour whereby
Vor he ne may na^t Jolye J>ane guode smel of pe like he is soon over-
come,
smerieles namore banne be boterel banne smel of be He cannot endure
t the smell (tf the
vine. Zuych smel ne mi^te ns^t Judas ^olye ))o pe ointment of
magdalene smerede lesu cristes uet mid pe precious such smeii Judas
smerieles. Vor hiw J>o jte J>et hit wes J>ing uorlore. and "*""**••
he betere louede J>et zeluer ine his porse be his couay-
tise. Of zuiche uolke is Ihord a dyeuel and mayster. JJ^^iJ^fJI'Jhe
}>et is ine belle. J>et is y-cleped : ssette-pors. Jjet an ^evii, who is a
hermite y-zej / pei zede fet he hedde J>et mestier uor to purse."
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188
THE LIBERALITY OP CHRIST.
4. ThellberalHy
of our Lord.
God giveth Uber-
allytoall.
for theran shineth
npon the good
and the ev^U,
wherefore we
â– hoaldbektnd
and oourteooB to
one another.
The son should
be like the flither.
The merciftil are
God's lona.
5. Tliehonoorof
God.
He who honoam
God will do good
to the poor.
The poor are the
little household
of our Lord.
He who honours
the poor, honours
God,
as was seen by
8t Martin, who
gave his mantle
to a poor man.
[FoL 59. a.]
A. The dread of
doom.
Doom without
merqrshaUbeto
those who do not
the works of
mercy.
Bsette J)e poraea of Je wrechchen / pet hi ne ssoUe by
open to do elmesse.
j>e uer))e ])iiig pet ssel man st^e to merci / is j)6
greate largesse of oure Ihorde / pet jefp largeliche to
alien / be Jret / J>et hy byej>. ase zayjy saint lacob. and
makep pe zonne ssine ope pe guode / and ope Jje
kueade / ase he zayjy ine his spelle. Vor Jjawne hno
J>et is zuo large to ous. uor he ons jefp al Jet we
habbej) of guod : we ssolle by large and cortoys / pe
on / a-ye pe ojre / and helpe ]» on / fe ojre. uor Jus
he ous hat ine his spelle Jo he zede. * bye J uol of merci
ase youre uade'' is.' pe zone ssel by ylich Je uader ojer
he is onkende be zaynte peter. And Jeruore zayde pe
wyse ine pe writinge. *by merciuol and reujeuol to pe
uaderlyese / ase hire uader / and hire moder. and Jwus
Jou sselt by godes zone.*
J5e vifte Jing Jet ssel man sterie to merci / is : worj-
ssipie god. Vor ase zayj Salomon. j)e ilke worjssipej
wel god oure Ihord : Jet dej guod to Je poure. uor Jet
me ham deJ : me hit de J to god / ase him-zelf hit wyt-
nessej ine his spelle. '))et Jou hest y-do he zayJ to
onen of mine poure : Jou hit hest y-do to me.' pe poure
bye J Je little mayne of oure Ihorde. yef Jou wor Jssipes
Je pouere Jou worjssipes god. Vor huo Jet worjssipej
Je mayne : he worssipej Je Ihordes sergont. and huo
Jet deJ ssame to Je main6 : he deJ ssame to Je sergond.
Of Jisen we habbej uayre uorbysne ine mine Ihorde
sant martin to huam god him ssewede Je ni^t efberward
Jet he todelde his mentel to Je poure / and wes bene-
aide ine Je mentle / and zede. to his angles. * Martin
yet nou y-primsened me hej yssred mid Jise cloje.'
J)e zixte Jing Jet ssel moche sterie ane man to
merci : is Je dred of dom Vor ase zayJ saint iacob.
' dom wyj-oute merci / ssel bi do to Jan : Jet ne deJ
workes of mercL' Vor ase god zayde in his spelle.
* Huarone me com J to Je dome / Je dom ssel by yeue aye
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ACCURSED ARE THE UNMERCIFUL. 189
po fet ne habbej y-do fe workes of merci.' uor god God wiu turn the
ham wile do ])et djaue eare. and ]>eTof hit ne is no unmerdftii.
wonder / to J>an Jet anhaste makejj ham dyaue to pe
poure / ase hit ssewej} ine pe godspelle. ine )>e uorbisne This Christ ahow-
of fe riche manne / fet onwoT))ede ))ane lazre. uor pet able of div«s and
he him wemde his elmesse : god him wemde ane drope ^'••■^^
of weter / per he wes ine uere of helle. Alfluo to J>e
fole maydenes f et ne hedde non oyle ine hire lompen /
god ham ssette pe gate of pe sposayles / and ham zede.
ich not huo y[e] hjep, zuo Jet hy bleften wyj-oute. J)us The ooTetooe
he ssel do ate day of dome to wrechchen and to pe way to Pandise
couaytous / J>et ne ssoUe habbe pe ledinge of me[r]ci / **^**°'»*^y»
Jet let Je zaules in-to paradis / and ham makej way to
comene to-uore god. ase zayj pe wrytinge. ase me
makej way and ondej Je gate blejeliche to Jan Jet
brenc b uayr present. Vor-zobe ariat acorsed ssel by bet but cursed sbau
i.*u i 1. A \r A ^ they be that tum-
uram reuje went Jane reg at Jo daye. Vor god ssel ed their bociu on
yeue dom wel dreduol / Jet ssel by zuo uest and zuo ""*^*
stable / and uor alle time y-cowfermed / ne neure ine chrut shau give
doom as a kinff^
none time wyjcleped. Jjes dom yzed beuore / ssel he
do ase king. Janne ssel he keste his greate manzinge
as Je heje bissop an souerayn pope. Vor king he is : and cursing as a
and bissop / ase zay J Je writinge. Vor he nom kende sovereign pope,
of man of kinges kennd / and of bisssoppes. \)e ilke for He took the
amanzinge sel by ope alle Jo uolke / Jet ssole by a left- king, and of '
half/ non ne worj uorbore. J)et ssolle by Je kueade This^^OTrsingshaii
huiche he ssel miszigge uor hare on-trewje. and Jus he ^ft^J^d*!^***"^***
ssel ham zigge. * GuoJ ye acorsede in-to Je greate uere "Oo/'heshau
eurelestinde ine helle Je stinkinde / and Jyestemess of into everlasting *
ssed / Jet is agrayjed to Je dreduolle dyuele / and to th?cu>wu!!dhte
his uela3es / Jet habbej ymad his messages.' A. alias / ^^'^*"
Jes dom Jaj hit by wel ssort : uor-zoje hit ssel by wel This doom shau
zor^uol and hard. HuaTine he his ssel wreke out of his rowtui.
uela^rede. Mochel is to drede zuo harde to-delinge.
J)e zeuende Jing Jet ssel moche man sterie to merci: 7. Theses
* mercy beai
is a zed Jet betere makej frut ine Ihene land / Janne hit good fvuit.
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190 THE VIRTUE OP CHARITY.
Mercy muiupUeth do ine uette. Hou merci multiplieb be timliche guodes.
hyer-of we habbej uele uayre uorbisnen. huerof ich
wille hier zome telle. Me ret of saint gennain of
St Germain had anceme. j)et fo he com Oram rome / ate out-guoinge
money to the of melane he acsede at onen of his diaknen yef he
^**'* hedde eny zeluer. and he ansuerede fet he ne hedde
bote Jri pans, uor say [n]t germayn hit hedde al yeue to
except three pence pouren. pskune he him het : Jet he his ssolde yeue to
of hie deacone, he pouTB. uor ffod hedde jTLOi of guode huerof he hise
who was told to ^ '^^ ° . .
give them aUo to uedde uor J>ane day. J)e dyacne mid greate pine and
The^dmcon gave mid greate grochinge yeaf pe tuaye pans / and ofhild
ooi^two pence ^^^^ J>ridde. J)e sergont of ane riche knijte him
bro3te ane his Ihordes haf tuo hondred pans. ])o
St oermaiii die- clcpede he his dyacne and him zede / ))et he hedde
S'^^tlJo^ benome Je poure ane peny. and yef he hedde yeue
ofTh^^h:::;Sfd J^ne ^ndde peny to fe poure : J»e knijt him hedde
toS^ht*""*" ^'^^^^ yzent : pri hondred pans.
EfteT^yard me ret ine J)e lyue of Ion fe amoner fet
wes zuo ycleped uor Jje greate elmesses Jet he dede.
A rich gentleman A riche ieutilmau wes y-robbed of bieues / zuo bet Yiim
wa« robbed by „ , , . •,
thieves of au that ns^t ne blcfte. He hiw com to playm to Je uoraede
and he 'complain- mawne. and he him zede his cas. he hedde greate
SrS^nw^ who* re^}>^ Jerof. and het his desspendoure pet he him yeaue
ard u^ivc^im*' ^J^^^® pond of gold, pe spendere be his couaytise ne
fifteen pounde of ye^f }jq^ yyf. An haste a gentU wymman wodewe
but the servant zente to pG uore yzedc Ion / uif hondred pond of gold.
A gentle widow J)o he clcpedo his spendere / and him acsede hou moche
i^ndr^^Jnda, he heddc y-yeue to pe knijte. he ansuerede: vyftene
pond. J5e holy man ansuerede : Jet nay. he ne hedde
^u * ,^K. bote vyf. and huawne he hit wiste / be ilke zelue bet
andhe told his '^ i r r
servant that if he jjig hedde onderuouffe / zuo zayde to his spendere. bet
had given the o / ^ jt j
15 pounds, our yef he hedde y-yeue Je viftene pond Jet he hedde y-
senthim 1500 hotc : oure Ihord him hede yzent be Je guode wyfman :
good woman* » Jouzond and vyf hondred pond. And hua^me he
acsede ate guode wytean Jo he hedde hise ycleped
hou moche hi hedde him y-lete / hi andzueiede / Jet
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THE GOODNESS OP ALMS. 191
uerst hi hedde y-write ine hare testament / Jjet hi him
let a bousend and vyf hondred pond. Ac hi lokede ^***J**â„¢f***?^
efterward ine hare testame/it and hi yze j be bousend wm in her wiii,
^ ^ y J^ but the 1000
pond defaced of hire write / and zuo ylefde Je guode pounds wm after,
wyfman / J>et god wolde J>et hi ne zente bote vif boed.
hondred.
Efterward saint gregori tel)) ])et saint boniface stBoniCBoeBhofr-
uram ]>et he wes child / he wes zuo piteuous : ^t he to the poor, for
yaf ofte his kertel and his sserte to Je poure uor god. often beilnby
]ja3 his moder him byete ofte Jeraore. Jjanne be-vil SnJJlJ'^^o
)>et / }>et child yzej manie poure Jet hedden mezeyse. JJi^^^/J^^
he aspide Jet his moder nes n«gt Jer. an haste he yam *^« «'*™«' '«' *he
to J>e gemiere / and al Jet his moder hedde y-gadered ■»<! ua mother
uor to pasi Jet yer : he hit yaf Je poure. and Jo his her wits, but md-
moder com and wyste Je ilke dede : hy wes al out of ^^^ of the
hare wytte. J5et child bed oure Ihorde : and Jet gemier Somfftiu!â„¢*'
wes an haste aluol.
Efterward Jer wes a poure man ase me zayj. Jet ^ ''^J^J'^iJ^^JJ*
hedde ane cou / and yhyerde zigge of his preste ine his ^ is requited
prechinge / Jet god zede in his spelle Jet god wolde
yelde an hondreduald al Jet me yeaue uor him. J5e
guode man mid be rede of his wyue / yeaf his cou to gavehieoowtoa
* ^ ^ J / J rich prieet» who
his preste Jet wes riche. Je prest his nom blejeliche / took it home with
and hise zente to Je o Jren Jet he hedde. J)o hit com among his other
to euen : Je guode mannes cou com hom to his house At eventide the
ase hi wes y-woned / and ledde mid hare alle Je prestes Sme'Sek' bring,
ken al to an hondred. J)o Je guode man y-ze^ Jet / {|I5»J^^J^^g*J^
he Jo^te Jet Jet wes Jet word of Je godspelle Jet he longing to the rich
hedde y-yolde. and him hi weren yloked beuore lus
bissoppe aye Jane prest. J)ise uorbisne ssewej wel Jet Mercy is Kood
merci is guod chapuare. uor hi de J wexe : Je timliche tipUeth temporal
guodes. ****^
Op bB QDODNES OF ELME88B. Of thegoodneea
of alma.
Nou hest Jou y-hyerd Je bo^es of Je trawe of merci. Many bestow
ac uor Jan Jet moche uolk byej / Jet hare elmesse Jet and aseiesdy.
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192 THREE CONDITIONS OF ALMSGIVING.
Alms should be hv dob : hi Ivezeb / and hare obre imodes. uor hi ne
given to the need- _ '^ J Tl r O
ftu,andBhoaid doj) najt 886 hy ssolde. beniore ich be wyle aeeawy
be xnade pleftsing
to God. ssoitliche / hou me ssel maky elmesse : to ])an j)6t hi
by behofeam. and ))et hi liky god
inainugiving ba^ne huo bet ssel do elmesse : hel ssel loki bri
three things are
to be oonsidered. ])ingea Yerst : huerof he de]> elmesse. uor he hit ssel
1. A man must do o^ ^is 03ene / and na3t of ojremawne. and Jjerof ))et
Sil^to htoji^ ^® ^®> of guode wynnynge and trewe. god ne hej) hede
uta^^m- 0^ kueade yeffes. ac he his louej) trewe and guode,
^^^' . Elmesse Jet is y-do of J>yef|)e. of tol. of rebbinge. of
theo, tou, rob- gauelynge. ober of obre kueade gaderinge : hit ne likeb
bing, usury, are' ' '
not pleasing to nofiwg god. Huerof f e writinge zayj>. * Jou ne sselt
na^t maky none sacrefice to god of oxe / ne of ssep /
J>et by spotty, uor god he)) grat wlatiynge / of zuych
He whomaketh sacrefice.' and fe wyze zayj) in J>e writinge. * Je ilke jjet
the goods of the make]) sacnflce to god /of ])e guodes of ])e poure : he
E*^'he who slay- de)) ase fe ilke Jjet sslajt Jet child be-uore lus uader.'
SSs^hta fetifeJ*" -^^ ^T^^ austin Jus zaij. * huet yefje is Jet ' he zayJ.
^^^^^^Tetokoth '^®* f^ ^^ ^™J^ gledliche / and Je ojer hit lyest
readily and the wepiwdeliche : ? * and beniore ssel ech loki huerof he deb
other loaeth ^ ' . '
weepingiy. elmesse.
2. Look to whom Efte?*ward he ssel loky to huam he hit dej. ])anne
go^* ** Je writinge zayJ. Loke to huam Jou sselt do guod.
do guod to Je guode. Jet is to Jan : Jet Jou wenst by
Give to the good guod. and ne yef na^t to Je ssrewe. ne ne loke na3t
Ihrew^and Uie J>ane zouejere. Jpet is to zigge : Jet Jou ne sselt na3t
sinner, y^^^ ^ ^^ kueade / be Je scele of his kueadnesse. ase
doj Jo Jet yeuej Je ribaus / and menestrals / uor hare
that is to say. as wykkednesse. ' ne oberlaker hi nolden ham yeue najt
the.rewardoftheir "^ . _ ^ . , , * ,
wickedness, Jet IS wel grat zeTine ase ziggej Je haljen.. Ac huo Jet
rifaoids and min- ham yefj / na3t uor hare kueadnesse : ac uor reuje /
' " *â– and uor Jolemodnesse of hare pourehede / and of hare
Nevertheless alms wyues / and of hare children, yef hi hise habbej. oJer
them on account of hire uader / oJer of hire moder. oJer uor ojre guode
o their poverty. ^^^ / ase his uor to wyjdrajc uram ze7^ne ; he de J
1 MS. wylkedne99e.
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GIVE ALMS TO THE FATHERLB8S. 193
weL )?anne elmesse y-yeue to pe poure. and more to *^^***°*J*^^
ham yet bye J ri3t poure of herte / and of wyl. fei «ay to the poor
habbef ylete uor god }>et hi hedden / ofer ^t hi mijte tothofctheriwf,
111 •-laai ■»« 1 All to widows, and
haobe. pet po pet ne bye]) ns^t pome of wylle : ac other neoe«itoat
poure of nyede : wel ich habbe ^ eft / y-zed. And ^*™*°^
ahieway me ssel ham blej>eliche yeue / and nameliche
to ye poure ssamueste. and to ]>e uaderlease. an to wyf-
men wodewen. and to ofre nieduoUe / J>anne me ja:^y
ye nyede / and me hit mo^e do. and zuo me is y-healde
to ye oncou))e / aboue alle oyien me is y-hyealde : to ^**°T^,^^
uader and to moder / huanne me y-zij)) hare nyede. purento in their
Yor ye kende hit tekj) / and god hit acsej) / and hat.
Me ret of ye heyrone yet he dLta^y uory his uader c^norMMM.]
and his moder huanne hi byeb ealde / and ne moae Nstate tetoheth
wtodogoodto
ham na^t porchacL ))eruore kende tek]) J>et me ssel oorfittheraad
guod do to uader and to moder. and huo )>et hit ne de]> :
he is onkende. and zene^ey a-ye kende / and a-ye god.
^t hat to worjssipie uader and moder / and )>eruore [Fol eo. bj
hit is wel ri^t ^t hit misualle to him and to hare
yet dey harm uader oyer moder / ase hit is manye zijje
yualle.
Efterward me ssel ysy hou me ssel do ehnesse / ^ comiderhow
'^ '^ ^ ^ ' to give alini» and
and be manere his uor to yeuene. Your coTidicions be the manner or
giving Uiem.
ye writinge ssolle by ine elmesse. f>e uerste is yet me i. Give giadiy and
hise yeue gledliche and mid guod herte. uor god lokef ^"™*°* ^*
more ye herte : J>anne ye honden. Huerof saynt gre-
gorie zay]>. bet god ine his sacrement ne lokej) ni^t hou God looketh not
to the gift) hot to
grat ^ing me yeue / ac mid huet herte. ase hit ssewe]) the heart or the
wel in ye godspelle of ye poure wyfinan yet ne hedde
bote tuaye uerf inges yet hi offrede to J>e temple. Huerof
oure Ihord zayj / Jet hi hedde more y-layd : yanne alle
ye ojjre Jet hedden y-layd greate Jinges. Yor more
likej) oJ>erhuil to god an alfpeny Jet a poure yefj gled- JJ^^J^j^^
liche uor god : banne a riche man yeaue an hondred poor man'a hair-
penny than the
marc grochindeliche and mid zo^e of herte. and Jeniore rich man's hnn-
1 . dred marka*
zayj Je wyse ine Jewntmge. 'make hezayj 'uayrecmere*
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194 DELAY NOT IN THY ALXS-OIVINO.
and glede ine alle )>ine jeff^es.' And £a3mte paul zuo
zayj) ^t *god loue^ moche ^ane yeueie pet is gled and
Tiiw* are tooM corteys.* And zome ^r byej too uyleyne to fe pouie
tiMpoor, hnanne hi ham jeuep enye elmesse / an haste his
miszigge]) uoulliche / and his clepyej) tnions / and ham
that thBj aMom- ziggeb ZUO uele atuytinges / and of folyes er ban hi ham
pany their ahns
with many twit- a^t yeue / )>et wel is warp pet zeluer. pe ilke ebnesse /
Ungs and up-
braidinga. ne pay]) na^t god. and ])eTeuore zAjp pe wyse ine pe wnt-
inge. * hoM^ Jin eare he zayp * to pe poure / wyJ)-oute
zoTje / and him ansuere mildeliche.'
t. oiva thy alma j)e ojjer J>ing ^t behoue J ine ebnesse is. J)et me hit
do zone and hasteliche. ))erof Salomon zayj). 'ne zay
flay not to thy n^t to fine UTende / guo / and com ayen to moi^e /
oome again to- and f anno ich wylle pe yeue : huanne ^u him ini3t an
"^' haste yeue.* And ine anojyre stede he zayJ). * ne leng
Make no delay, u&zt bine yefbe uram be nyeduolle.' bet is to ziSRe I
whenthouhaat .^i.. liTj v ^ ,'
it in thy power to He make him na^t abyde : huanne ^u m^t
an haste yeue.* J)et is aye uele riche / fet makejy
grede Jje poure ^t hebbej) to done mid ham. and
zuo moche his do]) abide / zuo uele npe hit behoue])
ham bidde and bezeche / beuore er hi wylle]) a^t do /
])et to moche hy ham zelle]) pe guodnesse pet hi
"Notunjj/'aaya ham wiUeJ) do. Vor ase zay]) senekes. *No ])ing ne
dearly bought is ZUO diere y-bo^t : ase bet me heb be biddimre.* And
aa what one hath ^ ^ r r o
by delay." J)is is pet me zay]) ine atwytinga ' Dyere ha bay]) : ^t
by t* And fous ssel ech man wel do zuyf[t]liche uor his
zaule ])erhuyle ])et ha leue]) / and hoL Jeanne pe wyse
oive thy oflbringa zayb ine be writinfle. * Vayre zone ' he zayb * do &niod of
to God while thou ^/^ ' ^ , , « , «. r
iiveat, pinen: yef ])ou best huerof. and ofrre to god wor])i
for death waiteth oflfringe ])erhuylB pet ])ou leuest. Vor pe dyaj ne abyt
na^t* And ine ano])re stede he zay]). ' do guod to pine
uiiende : to-uore pe dyaf e.' pet is to pme zaule / to
huam ])ou sselt do guod to-uore fine dyaje. o])er to
Give thy alma fine trewe urende / fet is lesu crist to huam fou sselt
Chriat! **^* guod do to-uoro fine dyafe / doinde elmesses uor f e loue
of lesu crist to his poure. Vor pet me def fe poure :
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OIYB ALMS LIBBRALLT. 195
me dej) hit to him. ase he ZAjf ine his spelle. J)anne CFoL 6i. a.]
^ ehnesse ]>et me jefp ine lyue / and ine hel]>e / more Aims giTeo in
is wor]» : ponne fe ilke ^t is y-do efter ^ dea])e. AIsuo more worthy than
ase pQ lanteme J»et me ber]? be-uore J>e manne / him let SmS.^^*"****'
bet / and more zikerlaker / ]>anne pe ilke pet me ber]» a umtem carried
behynde pe regge. And ))eruore ons amonestej) sainte better than one
paul fet we do guod / J>erhuyle J>et we libbej). H[u]awne J^* ^^^ **''
a riche man ssel come to ane tonne / oJ>er to ane cite,
he zent his messagyers be-nore ^ uor to nime guod in. [i Ma b<huore]
ofer o])erlaker he mi^te wel fayly : guod in uorto habbe.
pe guode forriers J)et nimef and age&jpep Jet hous of ?J^*j!°" *" **"
paradys to be riche mawne : byeb be elmessen bet ha <^' prepare for *
^.,.,. ^, , ,; uathehouMof
de]) ine his hue. pe elmessen ))et ojep y-do efter pe Paradiae.
dya]>e : byef ase pe hewe recreyd Jet late comj hom.
zuo Jet Je Ihoid is ojerhuil euele y-herberjed.
pe Jridde cowdicion Jet ssel by in elmesse is / Jet ^ G*ve uberaiiy.
me ssel yeue largeliche be Jan Jet me hej huerof. Je
wyse zayj. *yef to god / be Jan Jet he he J Je y-yeue.' Kthouhaat
much, ^ve
And thobye zayJ alsuo. * be Jine mi3te by reujeuol / •bundantiy ;
and merciuoL Yef Jou best .moche guod : yef large- but if little, give
liche. and yef Jou best lite : yef Jerof blejeliche / and teoueiy.
corteisliche.' Jeanne ech ssel yeue efter his mi3te / and «afurhi«
be Jet / Jet god him he J y-yeue. Me vint of ane ^JSmdergavea
kinge. to huam a poure acsede ane peny. he hym ^J^^j?**^'^
ansuerede / Jet zuich a lite yefje ne wes najt uor ane would reftue it
king. And of alisondre me ret. Jet [he] yaf ane cite / to the Kreatnen or
onen of his s«rgons. an huanne Je ilke hise wolde uor- TheUngeaidto
zake. uor Jet / grat Jing him Jo3te / to nime zuych ^whau^w^r
yefJe. Alisondre ansuerede and zayde. * Ich ne loky £t foTmeto'**
n^^t Jet belongej Je to nimene : ac me to yeuene.' ^^••"
pe uerje condicion is / Jet Je ehnesse by y-do mid t^^thTSSfi''
wille / and mid eondicion. Jet me ne zeche none ydele "*"*•
blisse / ne Jet me ne onwor Ji Je poure. to huam Jet me
hit yefj. ne uor elmesse Jet me deJ ine dyadlich zenne.
me heJ presumpcion uor to by y-bor3e. Zom uolk Jer some folks give
byej / Jet yef hy doj elmesse : hi willej Jet aUe hit that aii ahouid
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196
BESTOW THT ALMS BBCRETLT.
hMT of their
charity.
Chilti hath c
mandadosto
give oar almi
secretly and
without
tioa.
be done before
the folk, for good
•o that God may
be glorified.
Thealma^ver
must not despise
[FoL 61. b.]
the poor red-
pient.
Bome folk despise
the poor,
and gpeik largely
and proudly to
them.
[a lofciM het iob
wetklmg.]
Job was not
1 of poor
The fellowship of
the poor
wyte. Ac pe wyse zay]> / ]>et me do ye elmease in-to
ye greade of J)e poure. Vor ase zayj) saynt gregorie,
* hit is y-noj to J)e guode manne / ^t yef lie hit zent / of
huam he onderstant his ssepe to habbe.' And ])eraoie
ZBLjy ouielhord ine his spelle. * Huanne you dest elmesse.
ne wyte na^t yi left hand : huet de^ yi ri3t hand, zuo
yet y'm elmesse by y-hed. and yi uader of heuene yet
izy^t ))inhedinge : hit ye halt* ))et is to zigge. panne
yovL sselt do elmesse : loke pet ydele blisse. yet is to
onderstonde be ye left half, ne by nt^t y-mengd. Ac
do his in rijte wone / and ri3te onderstondinge. yet is
onderstonde by J>e ri3t half. Ich ne zigge ns^t J>et me
ne ssel do ^e guode workes o]>erhuil to-nore ye uolke /
nor to yeue guode uorbysne / hueruore god by yhered :
and y-J)onked- Vor Jjus him zayJ) ouie Ihord ine his
spelle. ^t we maki ouie guode dedes to-uore ye uol-
kerede / ]>emoie Jjet god by y-hered and y-glorefied najt
uor ye los of uolke ase dej» ye ypocrite."'and ]>eruore
zayJ) saint gregorie / J>et me do his workes aperteliche /
^t ye onderstondinge bi li^tuol bezide.
Eft^rward huo yet wyle do elmesse / he hit ssel zuo
do / yet he najt ne onworji ye poure to huawi yet he
hit dey. pemoTe zayJ ye profete. * Ne onworJ>e najt ' he
ZBLjy * yi uless. yet is ye poure yet is ilich ye j and of
zuiche kende of uless and of blod ase you art. and of
zuiche wose.* Zom uolk byej) yet onworfej) ye poure /
and ne daynoj) nc^[t] to speke to ham. and yef hi spekej) :
gratliche and proudliche hi speke]>. Zuo ne dede na3t
iob / ^t zede / yet [he] ne onworjjede neure ye guoinde /
vor yet hi weren naked, ac ra])re ham yaf clof inge /
and mete and drinke. pe holi man ])a3 he were king /•
and he3 man / ne hedde none ssame of ye poure / ase
doj) zome greate Ihordes of Jjise wordle. ^t wel doj)
elmesse to poure / ac alnewayhis babe]) ineonwor[J)]ne8se
uor hare pourehede. And yef hi weren ri3tuolliche
milde : hi ssolden betere louie J>e uela3rede of poure
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HAVE PITY ON THY OWN SOUL. 197
men/ ^t hjep poure uor god. ]»et liise inoje wel edefie is often to be
be uorbisnes and be wordee / pet of manie riche men hi SSS^^**^
habbe^ aboute ham / huer per ne is bote <iovay[ti]se /
ulaterie / yelpinge / and ham make]) lete moche wel to
done / and make]) ham moche knead to done / be hare
euele rede.
Eft^rwaid per hjep som uolk ])et do]) ynoj elmesse / some fidk give
enough time, and
ac alnewej hi ne lete]) na^t to done hare greate zeTine. yetfomkenot
J)e ilke elmesse ne ssel his ns^t ber3e. Yor yef hi tins, ''^
sterue]) ine znich stat : hire elmesse ne ssel ham na^t Aime aiooe wm
wytie / j)et hi ne ssoUe by nor-lore. ]}anne zuich uolk
bye]) ase pe ilke ])et of one half make]) ])et hous / and
of ofer half he hit hiekp. And ])eruore zayj pe writ-
inga 'Yef bou wilt kueme god : haue uerst renbe / ifthoawutpiaeee
A • J Jf ^' 1 V ,. X • i_ J 1 God. have tot.
and merci / of ]>me zaule. uor huo ^et is kuead and men^ upon thy
ontrewe to him : to huam ssel he bi guod and trewe 1' **^°
zay]) pe writinge : ase yef he ssede. [he] ne may na^t^ by [i ms. nafx]
guod and trewe to o^ren : ^t to him-zelue is kuead.
And ^ruore saint austin zay]). * Huo J)et wile ri^tuol- Let aims be pre-
liche do elmesse : he ssel beuore agiwne at himzelue. 2^ ^' rvpwtr
uor he ssel more louie his ojene zaule : ])anne ano])res :
uor god.' Non ne wolde zigge fet yef he were reujeuol /
and uol of merci / ])et ne ssolde habbe xenpe of his
moder poure and zik. hou moche he hedde reu])e of
obren. Alzuo ich zigge / be ilke bet ne is nait reu])euol Heienot merd-
oo / X r ? T ftil that hath no
ne uol of merci / pei ne he]) pit^ of his zaule : huanne pity on hie own
he wot ])et hi is zik to ])e dya])e / ])et is ine dyadlich ^ death,
zenne.
Nou ich habbe pe y-noj y-ssewed of pe trawe of
merci. pe stapes, pe bo3es. and ])et frut. ))et com^ ine
J)ise wordle / and ine pe ojre. of pe frut of p\&e trawe
ous spek]) daui]) r^t wel ine pe sautere / per he zay])
])ous. * yblyssed bye]) po J)et ham yeue]) to pe poure / BUwedbe thoee
and to be nieduolle.* J)et is to zigge : bet ne abit naat : that give to the
,.',., oo r ^ poor and needftal,
al-wet pe poure him bit / ac ra])re mm yefp wy])-oute without delay,
aksinge. Yor me wes ywoned to zigge / and zo]) hit citation.
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198
BLE88ED ARE THE MEBCIFUL.
[FoLQla.]
Themardftil
â– haU be blened.
and shall be de-
liTered from hia
foes at the day of
The onmerclAil
ahall be caned
and driven frtnn
God'i preaence^
and ahall be given
oTci^ to their foea,
the devUa.
The merdftil
ahall inherit the
kingdom of hea-
ven,
[1 MS. )>e]
and for their alma
ahall obtahi
meroj.
Th«y shall have
•verlaatingUA^
is. pet to mo[c]he bayj) / fet byt. Ne ye ilke ne hej
herto to yeuene : pet ne jefp er me acsL pe ilke dej
wel pet yef]) to ^e poure ))et acsep. ac lie de]) bet : })et
yeff wyjoute aksinge. And of Jan zayj) pe sauter.
*Y-bli8sed is pe ilke })et ondeistant to pe poure,' and
hueniore is he y-blissed 1 he zayJ) effcerward ine pe ilke
ners. Jyet god him wyle deliuri in pe kueade daies of his
yuo. ))et ssel bi ate daye of dome ])et ssel by hard and
kuead to pe wickede / ]yet ssolle by y-damned / nor pe
workes of merci / J)et hi ne habbef najt ydo. psame
pe demere ssel ham zigge at ))0 daye. 'gtiop ye' acorsede /
in-to pe uere of helle / mid alle pe dyeulen / J)et yon is
y-di3t uram pe ginnynge of pe wordle. Vor ich hedde
honger / and Jorst / ye ne me yeaue mete / ne drinke /
ich wes zik / ])ou ne come na^t to me.' And pua he
ssel ham attwyte : pe workes of merci / ])et hi na^t
habbe)) y-do. and ))eraore hi ssolle bi betake at pa
daye : to hare yuon. Jet hjep pe dyeulen of helle. Of
huam pe rewjeuolle / and Jo Jet doj ham to Je poure /
and to Je workes of mercL ssolle bi betake at Jo daye /
and ssolle by do in-to sayzine of Je riche of heuene / ase
zay J oure Ihord ine his spelle. Vor he ssel zigge to Jan
Jet habbej y-do Je workes of merci/ * come J Je ' yblissede
of mine uader / onderuougej Je riche of heuene / Jet
is to you y-dy^t / uram Je ginynge of Je wordle. Vor
Jet ye habbej y-do to mine poure : ye hit habej me y-
do.' Grat worjssipe god ham ssel do / Jarane he ham
JonkeJ / of Je workes of merci and he haw ssel y[e]ue :
Jet lyf wyj-oute ende. And Jeruore he zayJ ine his
spelle. * Yblissed byej Je merciuoUe : nor hi ssolle
habbe merci.' nor Jet hi habbej ylengd / Jet lyf of Je
poure be hare elmesse. Wel hit is rijt / and skele / Jet
god ham yeue Jet lyf wyJ-oute ende / Jet is / and ssel
by wyJ-oute ende. and Jeruore Jet hi habbej y-het
reuje / of lesu cnstes lemes ine Je er Je / and hise
habbej y-loked / and y-conforted ine hare nyede. Hit
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OF THB GIFT OF UNDERSTANDING. 199
is wel skele pet me do ham ate ende meici / and ]>et me
his delinri of alle kneadnesse / of alle nyede. and pet BndChriit ihau
8sel he do / huaTine he ssel jeue pe hhase euielestinde / for ever,
mid meici his let nor]? / and his ssel herber^i.
)>B TEFJ)H of ONDBBSTOJmiNGE. AND OF pB UZATUB OF ThogUtofondeiw
, sUadtng, and of
OHASTBTB. tho Tirtae of
Holy Writ 0U8 tekj) / tuo maneres of Hues, huerby There^two
me comj) to pe Hue wyjH)ute ende. J)e uerste is yhote "h^by ot?
workuol [actiue] / uor Jet hi is ine zuynch of guode J^^iI^^Jnd.
workes / and makej man onderstonde to pe profit of ^i^/lj^''®
him-zelue / and of his emcneten. J>e ober is y-hote work«.
._ . I* 1 Th« Moond is
resteuol [contemplatiue]. uor ^t hi is leste / of workes oontempiative—
wy)H>ute / and ne de)) him na^t bote to god uor to the aoni seeks to
kuawe / and louie. hueruore hy his ydel of nyedes Jj^J uTi^rtiS
wyf-oute / and ase adepe. Ac hi is awaked wyjine to '^
))enche of god / and him louie / and najt ne wylni :
bote him to habbe / and uor him / alle o]>re pingeB /
deb ine uoryetiwga Vor hi is of al y-robbed / and y- and deeires to be
separated from
pi^t ine god. and wylne)) uor to by to-deld uram pe the moitai body,
dyadHche bodye : uor to by alneway mid lesu cnst / ohrut.
ase zaip zainte pauL
be uerste lif is ine be viitinge / ine be uelde of TheflwtuiiB is in
. fighting In the
guode workes / huer pe knyjt Heme]) / ham proue)) / field of good
and alose]y. pe ojer his reste wyj) god ine pe chombre of [pii. ea. b.]
clene inwyt. pe uerste onderstant to uede god / mid wiSiOod'to^*
pe mete of guode workes. pe oJ>er onderstant to by ^J^o^*^"'
yued / and yueld of god be Txype confort gostHch. p&nne
be uerste is be-tokned be marben / bet wes bisy uor to Mwthaisatype
' ' I r ^ oftheflntUfe,
uede oure Ihord / ase zayj) J)et godspel. pe oJ)er is be- andMaiyof the
tokned be Marie / J)et hire zette ate uet of lesu crtst /
and Iheste his wordes. pe uerste is way / and inguo-
inge' to pe o]>ren. Vor non ne may come to pe Hue
restuolle : bote he by uerst wel y-proved ine Hue by-
zye / ase zayp sain gragorie. pe jefpea / and pe mrtues
huerof we habbej) y-speke aboue be-longej / to J)e uerste
Hue pet is ydeped workuoL pe tuo laste huerof we
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200 UFE ACTIVE AND CONTEMPLATIVE.
The gift of under- ssoUe speke mid p6 helpe of gode and of j»e holy gost.
dSS'^S^thto >®* is ^ wytene / Je yeSpe of onderatondinge / and J»e
tteiife oontem- y^f^ q£ wisdom : belongef to J>e oJ)ie Hue pet is y-hote
restuoL pet lif is ine tuo pingeB / ase we habbe)) aboue
TothiB ufo belong y-zed. J)et is to wytene / ine riate knawlechinge of god /
yiwQ a right
knowledge of and ine stedeueste loue. be loue of onderstondinge leth
Ck>d end ft sted&st
love. to stedeuestnesse of n^te knaulechingd. pe yefpe of
wysdom / leth to stedeuestnesse of loue.
The gift of under- Nou we willej) zigge ueist of J)e yeffe of onder-
by the Holy stondinge / be ]>an ))et ])e holy gost wile ous teche. pea
yefpe pet is y-hote yef)7e of onderstondinge / ne is oper
ping /hepe hal3en / and bi pe maLstres / bote a ly^t
left light and ft and a giaco of bn^tnesse / J>et pe holy gost zent iu-to
neei which en- pe heite / huerby onderstondinge of man is arered uor
know hifl Maker, to knawe his sseppere / and pe gostliche ])inges Jiet ne
^fiMtt^*^*" ^^^® ^^* ^y y-zo3e bodilich ine alle pe pmgea fet be-
taining tothe lougeb to be helbe of zaule. mid skele kendeHch ne on-
helpoftheeonl. , ,. / « , . ,
derstondinge of man of mm / ne uor him / ne may
Thia gift ii called come. Jjes god IB y-cleped ly3t Vor he clenzeb be
lights for it
deanaeththe onderstoudinge of man / of biestemesse of prede / and
understanding of . .
the darkness of of spottes of zenne. VoT ase ]>et h^t bodilich de)) away
spots ^sin, ])iesternesse and make]) bn^tliche izy pe pingea bodilich :
alsuo pia li^t gostlich clenze}) pe onderstondinge of
man / al to pan J>et he mo3e bri3tliche ysy / and j>et he
moje knawe bri3tliche and zikerliche / ase me may y-
to knowcfeaiS" ^*^® ^® P^^ dyeadliche line god his sseppere /
and surely God and pe sseppiuges gostliche / ase biej) pe angles / and pe
zaulen. ]>et belonge]? to J^e helj>e of zaules. ase hjep pe
articles of pe beleaue / huerof we habbe]y beuore y-
speke ine ane stede be him-zelue. ]?is knawynge nis
i^swdeMiy^ ^^^ ^ iuwyt wel yuayred / and wel yclenzed. Vor
neither may ase pe ziko e3e ne may na3t wel yzi bri3tne8se. alsuo pe
standing perceive onderstondinge of man ase moche ase in him is / ne
spiritual truths . . ,. , , , ,
without being may ysy / ne knawe pe pmgea gosthche / bote he by
the Divine light, wel yclenzed / of alle lac of uelfe / be zoJ?e byleaue /
])et clenze]) pe herten / ase zayp pe writings Ac pe
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LECHEBT DEFILES THE SOUL. 201
ye£J)e of pe holy goet / huerof we spekej) hier / uol-
make)) fiae uayrhede / and ^e clemieBse ine herte / to MiUghtMistiie
Jet his holy zaule / ])et is y-clenzed / and ali^t / mid ******'
])ise li^te of onderstondinge : mijte ysy and knawe
god / and al pet him is niede / and guod to his yboij-
inge / and pet is pe blissinge / huerof god spekj) ine
his speUe / ])0 he zede. *yblissed hjep J)o : J?et byej TUdtaanof
clene of herte / uor hi ssolle ysy god ine him-zelue ase oodas ue is, bj
he is be byleaue alyjte / and j-atrengped be pe jefpe SetJftirSder.
of onderstonndinge.' VorzoJ?e efber pe dyeaje / ine ■*"**°«-
paradis hi ssollen yzy him / al aperteliche / wizage / [FoL ss. a.]
to visage.
Jeanne zayj zaynte pauL Jis yef|>e dej away alle Thia gift puis
uelbe of herte / and hire clenzeb parfitliche of alle tha heart, bat
lackes / and speciaUiche of pe lacke of pe zenne of
lecherie. Vor huo bet is be-ueld mid bo lac : he is For who la defiled
with thia dn haa
ri3taolliche yblent / and he]> ylore pe e^en of J^e herte / loat she eyea of
skele and onderstondinge / zuo })et he ne may'y-knawe
his sseppere / ne J>inges ))et wende]> to pe helpe of
zaule. Ac is ase best ]>et ne he]> wyt ne skele ine him.
p&nne damp zayj> ine pe sautere. J>et man to huam pet
god hej» y-do zuo grat wor^ipe ))et hine made to Ms
ymage and to his anliknesse huerby he may y-knawe
god and habbe / ]^t he ne he]? y-do none beste : hej> and la no better
zuo uoryete his sseppere / an J>e guodnesse ])et he hej>
him y-do / Jet he is become ilich to fole bestes / J?et
ne habbeb none onderstondinire. be zenne bet mest Lechery makes a
'^ ® ; '^ numUketofoal
makej man ilich to uoule bestes / and to uelje : is beaato.
zewne of lecherie. huerof we habbej) be-uore y-zed J>er
we speke of zerane. pe jefpe Jawne of onderstondinge / ^^ *!!^^*''
Jet is of erje speciaUiche / to J>o uelje bestrepj) of pe the heart of thia
herte pe zenne of lecherie / an he tekj uayrhede and
clennesse / huerof wext a wel uayr traw. ])et is Je
uirtue of chastet^ / huerby me comj to Jo greate
blissinge ]>et god be-hat to Jan Jet lokej clennesse of
herte : huairne he zede. * yblissed hi by Je clene of ^•■■^ ■" **•
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I. Adettioon-
202 THS BEYBN STSP8 OF 0HA8TITY.
pnnofhflwt* herte uor hi ssolle yzy god.' uor bet hi ssolle habbe be
for tti«7 ihall ws ^ j o t f
ckML ejen of herte wel yclenzed and wel ali^t of ^ jefpe of
ondeistondinge.
orthewTMiBtopt Of J^E ZBUB stapes of 0HA8TEt£.
of cfaMUty.
pjB traw wezt and piofite]) / and chfp ase do]) ye
o]>re to-nore yzed / be zeue stapes. ])e nerste stape ia
^flfiS^tad" ^^®^® inwyt / Jet is f e rote of Jise trawe nor wyjK)ute
then ifl no dua- clene inwyt : no chastet^ ne lykej to god. jjis chastet^ /
God. fia clennesse / ]>iB pnrt^ / scsep pet me loki ])e herte
uram euele po^iea / f et hi na3t ne ccmsenti / and of
H0 who ooDflAnto kuede wilni[n]gges. Vor huo ^t him conaentep to kueade
is not ohMte^ wjlles / and to fe kueade Jo^tes of Ms herte : he ne is
ikr^SHnthe ^^^ chast. Jjaj he by uer uram pQ dede. uor be fe
^•*^ coTzsentinge wyJ)-oute more : he ssolde by uorlore yef
he sterf ]>erinne.
Three things tend j^ J)inges moche byef worj) to loki pe dennesse of
of heeit. herte. be uerste is / blebeliche y-hyeie be wordes of
TheflretUto ' ^ ^ *f t
hear joyftdij the god / and his spelles. Huerof oure Ihord zay)) ine his
spelle / to his deciples. 'ye bye])' he zayj) *alle clene / be
pQ wordes Jet ich you habbe yzed.* Vor godes word is
ase a uayr ssewere / ine huam[[me yzi^t alle pe lakkes of
^"** "hrifL *'hich f® ^^'^ J^^* of®r fi^ ^ ^^ ssriffce Jet is Jet lauor /
iBtheiaveriD huer he him ssel ofte wesse. be writinge zayb ine be
which oneiheU ,,«,. , ^,
oft wash. bok of kinges. Jet elyseu Je profete het to naaman Jet
Bear in mind the ^^es mezel / bet he him wesse ine be flom Jordan zeue-
â– tory of Naaman 8 ' *^ '
washing in Jor- zije uor to by cleno of his euele. And Jo he Jer wes
4 ft« seven tt"*«>«r
ywesse : Jo wes he al klene and al hoi of his euele. J>e
Jordan signiAee fl^J^ iordan bet is ase moche worb : ase stream of dom /
the stream of T r i
bliS^'ihrift *"^^ be-toknej ssrifte. huer man ssel hi?7i-zelue deme
in which man mid greate zor3e' of herte / and mid greate repentonce /
self with great zuo Jet Stream of tyeares : yeme be Je conAxii of Je
and repentance, e^ou. and ZUO Je mezel ssel bi al hoi and clene. ]^t is
"^t^rt^Z^ >« «^^«3ere / yef he him wesst zeuezyje / Jet is to
his eyes.
» MS. »rW
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KEEP THE MOUTH FBOM FOUL WORDS. 203
agge / of alle his zemies. And ])eraore zay]) saynt
bemard. * loue ssriffce : yef Jk)u wilt habbe uayrbede.
Vor ssriffce ne is iM^t wyj-oute uayrhede.'
Jjefc ])ridde J>ing is / be])enchinge of lesu cWstes The third thing
1.1 1 *â– * ramembrance
pine. V or no uondinge / none euele ]K)3te8 ne ni03e of chiiit'i pm-
bleue ine herte : pet ofte lecordej) jjane dyaf and fe "**
pine of lesn cnst. Vor bet is be annure bet be dyeuel fbr that is the
^ -^ /I annourmoat
diet mest ase fe like be huam he wes ouercome / and dreaded hj the
be huam he lyeas his mi^te. ))et is ous betokned in fe
writinge ofpe eddre of bres pet Moyses be ])e heste of This it betokened
in the Scriptiupes
ouie Ihorde areiede ope pe pole zao he3e : pet al ^et uolk hj the adder of
hise yzej. And alle Jjo ])et his yzeje : weren y-held of
pe prekiynges of pe eddien. pe eddre of bres areied
ine pe pole : be-tokne]? ])et body of lesu cnst y-hanged The adder denotea
ine pe rode. J)et wes pe eddre wyJ)-oute uenym huerof cauiat.
wes y-mad pe tnacle of oure hel]>e / to ham Jwt byej
y-smite / and enuenimed of pe prekyinges of pe uenim-
ous eddre' of helle / Jet is pe dyueL Loke be zofe L<Skby t^tS
belyaue ine pe eddre of bres. Jjet ys to zigge / J)et he S^^^h^^"
fenche of pe pinen of lesu cnst. and anhaste he ssel rfoJ^'JJ^jJJ^^*^
by hoi / and by y-uryd of pe uondinges of pe
dyeule.
pe ofer stape huerby bis traw clyfb and profiteb. ^- Keep the
â– ' month ftata foul
IS to loki pane moup uiam uoule wordes / ])et wende]> worda»
to ribaudye and to onclennesse. uor be zuych blest and ^^*^^ o**
_ _ Undle the flre
be zuych wynd : is ofte aquyked J)et uer of lecherie. of leoheiy.
Huerof pe writinge spekj?. Jet *word of fole wyfinan /
is beminde ase uer.* An zaynte paul bus zayb. bet *be bvU words of
'^ '' ' * ^ ^ ibul women mar
kueade wordes of fole wynnew : amerrej guode ])eawes. goodvirtuea.
And Jjeruore huo Jet wyle loki chastete : hit behoue J
bet he hiw loki uram zuyche wordes. Vor huo bet He who win say
•^ ' and listen to fool
ble[jejliche hise zayj / ojer blejeliche his yherj : he ''o'd* i« not
ssewej wel Jet he ne is najt chast. Vor Jer ne may
go oute of Je uete : bote zuych ase Jer is inne. Yef Je J^ ^""^^^^
wordes bye J uoule and lodliche / bet is apert tokne bet »»«» that there
' ' -^ '^ is fllth in the
Je uoulhede and Je lodlichhede byej ine Je herte. Vor heart.
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204
GUARD THE BODILT BBN8E8.
ttMcarfrom t
be fe mocbelhede of fe herte : ^ mon]) spekp. fei
zay)) our lliord ine his spella
iiL Guard au th* pQ J>rid(ie stape is wel to loki alio ^ wyttes of fe
ttM flyefrom fool bodye / ase ])6 ^en uiam fol zy^ye. ye earen / to byere
fimi fole wordes. ye bonden uia[ni] wyckede takinges. ye
ttMhaodifttn luise: luam to mocbe lostuolle smelle& ]yane mouy
wkted hmdUDir, uram to lostuolle metes / and ine gaode smackes. fise
t^etpiM <^ttM ^y® J' f^ ^ ^*®® ^^ ^® ^^^ ^^ f® h.eTte I buerby Je dieuel
^^Si^'iwtir^ gej) in offce ine |)e vif Jerles of ye bouse / buerby ye
darttoftgoeOi dyeuel ofte gey in-to fe berte / ase zayj J>e profete.
Vele guode men and stronge babbe]) by y-nome and
oueicome / be ]Mm yet bi ne lokede najt wel ))ise gates.
And yef you wylt babbe uorbisnes : ]>encb yet non ne
wes stronger ])a»ne samson fortin. ne wiser J>anne
.DwrM.
aud Solomon ware ^ •ui. ji'jjii
oveitxniM through salomon. ne more milder ))anne damd. and alneway
JJ^J'JI^^J^ uillen be wyfinen. Ac uorzo|)e yef by bedden wel
yemd ye gates: ye uyend ne bedde na^t ynome zuo
stGitKory aaya, greate castoles. Yor ase zay)) saint gregorie. ' ye tour of
heart maj not be y^ berte ne may najt by nome bote ye gates by opene
^^beopento to fe ost of j)e dyeule.' Huerof yealde filozofes bem
thederU'shoM.'
uledden in-to uerre stedes in-to dezert ]>eruore ^t bi
ne mitten yzy / ne ybere / ne uele / Jing buerby pe
strengjye of bire workes uledde away / ne buerby bi
ssolden lyese bire cbastete. J)e oJ?re peruore yet bi nere
ine zenne to ^ncbe of filozofie / by J^resten out bare
ejen of ye berte / yet bi ne ze^en ping pet bam mi^te
wypd«^e uram bire contemplacion. ))anne pe bodiUcbe
irtthottt a bridle, wyttes byep ase pet bors pet yemp wyp-oute bridle zuo
pet bit dep ualle bis Uiord. Ac pe berte cbaste / bam
ofbalt mid pe bridle of skele. Nou icb babbe pe yzed
pane skele.
])e uerpe stape is ssarpnesse of Hue to do bis uless
onderuot pet is wrang to pe goste / ase zayp zaynte
pauL Vor buo pet wile quencbe pet uer of lecberie :
be mot do away pe ali^tynges pet norissep zuycb ver.
pet biep pe lostes and pe eyses of pe berte / pet bemep
(FoLM.a.]
PhiloMphera of
old fled into
deserts to pre-
serve their ehaa-
tity.
ThebodfljwlU
are as a hone
hat a chaste
heart restraina
them with the
bridle of
IV. Lei the flesh
be governed I7
the spirit.
Thelnstsand
pleasaresof the
heart mar ohaa-
tlty.
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BSOHBW LUSTFUL MBATS. 205
and tli}tep yet uer of leclierie / and amerre]> cbastet^.
panne saint bemard ^us zayp / fei chastete spil^ ^be j«nmiAh*8 girdit
lostes. i>e wiitdnge 2&jp / fet leremies brechgerdel / toniMdd«tiM
rotede besdde fe wetere. Yor chastet6 / pet is onder- S^^Mduwuty,
stonde / and betokned be >e brechgerdle : pet nor- ^^^^^iiSIT**
lotede / ine pe wetere of uonle lostes. And J)eraore / and tharefore we
huo pet wyle him loki uram beminge : he ssel do a- ^.j,^ fl»tin^.
way pe ilk brondes / be wyjjdra^inges of mete / and of "**^ p«»«»w».
diinke / and be ssarpnesses of his bodie. Huer-of pe
writinge z&jp. ]»et pe children ]>et weren j-norissed Th« cbudim who
mid greate metes / nolden na^t ethe of pe lostuolle <• iiutAU meata,**
metes / weren y-boi^e ine pe fomayse of babyloyne. intheftarnaoaof
hnerby is onderstonde : zenne of lecherie / fet is ^^^^
yquenct mid uorbennge of mete and of drinke /^and be
ssarpnesse of lyue. Ac be greate metes / and bet onatmeato
, ^. . , , . - , 1 . I \ nonriah lechary,
stronge wyn / ali3tej> and nonsse]) lechene / ase oyle a* ou or gnaaa
. f- -I kaap QP tha flra.
o])er grese ali3tej> and st[rjeng])e]) ^et ner.
be vifte stape is be-uly kueade uelaarede and be t. Avoid tha cai-
lowahipoftha
enchesons of zenne. Moche uolk byej y-ualle ine wickad,
zenne be kueade nelajrede ]>et na^t elles ne hedden
ynalle. Ase pe leuayne zoniep fet do j and hit di^p to ** 'J "JS'ikma.
smac : alsno pe queade uela^rede amerji J)et gaode los
of be manne. A roted eppel amang be holen : makeb a rattan apple
i_- V J i? v • 1 1. A • winapoQagreat
rotie pe yzounde. yef he is longe pex amang. A quic
col beminde ope ane hyeape of dyade coles : hit his
zet alle auer. Huerof pe sauter zayp. ' pon sselt by holy
mid pe holy, and poure mid pe poure.' ase yef he zede.
yef J>ou wilt loki J^ine klennesse and ]>ine chastete :
beuli pe uelj^rede of J)e kueade. Vor yef ])ou louest pe if thoa lova^ the
oon&pany of tha
ueli^rede of pe queade : Jk)u sselt by zuych ase hi bye)), wicked thou ihait
Vor huo Jet loue]> uela3rede of fol : hit behouej) ]>et he ua. "
by fol. ])et zay J pe wyse ine pe writinge. Alsuo be- ^^«*«* *^« ^
houeb him beuly be encheysones of zenne / ase speke evii,andgonot
Into temptation.
prtueliche to wyfinan in stede suspecton : wy)) one.
Vor fet yefj> ofte encheysoun to zene3y huanne me hej>
Jane time and Jane stede. Huer-of we ledej ine Je hoc
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206
BE OOCUPIED WITH QOOO WORKS.
thatleftdto
Ucheiy.
[FoL 64. b.]
LotwMOom-
manded not only
to leave Sodom,
bataUlta
iSeitoiyof of kinges. Jjet amon pet wes daxap is zone : huanne
David'! eon. he hUd Ms zoster / on : to one / pnueliche ine his
chombre / he hise uorlay. Josepes Iheuedy po hy uand
alone him / hirwolde do him zeneji mid hire, ac he him
Avoid those things tdedde / ase wys / and hise uorlet. J>eraore zay^ zainte
pauL heuly fomicacion. J>et is to zigge / J>e encheysons
pet mo3e lede to zenne of lecheria Yor me ne may
na^t hetere oueicome zenne of lecherie / ne loki
chastet6 : panne to by-nly pe encheysones of zenne.
])eruore pe angle zede to lot / ))et he ssolde guo out of
pe cit6 of sodomme / and alle pe boimdes. Yor hit ne
is na^t yno3 to lete pe kueade ueh^rede ne pe zenne :
bote he ne lete pe markes of zenne. j)et is to zigge :
pe encheisons of zenne. Me coupe zigge. zuo longe ge]>
))et pot to pe wetere : ))et hit comJ> to-broke horn, and
zuo long ulijj) ^e ulindre aboute pe candle : ])et hi
bemj). Alsuo me may zuo moche zeche J>e enchesoims
of zenne / ])et me ual]>. Jeanne huo J)et wyle him loki /
uiam beminge he ssel him wyj^dia^e.
pe zixte stape is / to by ine nyedes of guode workes
and oneste. Yor pe uyend ])et neure ne / slep^ /
The devil tempt- huanne he uint man ydel and sleawol guod uor to done /
he him dej ine his niedes / and dej? him stempe * li^tHche
in-to zenne. Jeanne pe wntinge zay]) / ])et idelnesse /
]>et is to zigge / 8leu]>e and onlosthede wel to done / is
maystresse of moche quead. And Jjeruore zayjj zaynte
pauL *Ne yef na^t* z&yp he ^stede to pe viende.* J)et is
to zigge : ne by na^t ydel / ^t ])e uiend ne uinde stede
pe uor to uondL Yor he is ydel of guod workes : J>et
jefp stede to pe zaule hire uor to uondi. ])eruore zayj>
saint gerome. ' Do alneway zome ])inges of zome guode
workes / zuo Jet pe dyeuel pe uynde alneway workinde.
uor huo Jet is ydel / he him ne may na3t longe hyalde
Jet he ne ualle in-to zenne.' panne pe profete zayj. uor
fdL^lSd^'^ Jet wes Je zenne of sodome / Jet prede. ydehiesse. and
plente. Jet is to zigge / Jet hi ethen / and uoizuo^e /
Soonemnstfbr-
sake lechery, and
the temptation
leading to it.
The moth flieth
about the candle
ontUitisbumt.
VL Be occupied
with good and
honest woiks.
Idleness is the
mistress of mudi
wickedness.
[* steppe P]
"Wherefore,"
says St Jerome,
*'let the devil al-
ways find thee
employed."
Sodom fell into
idleness and
plenty,
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AND OFFER PRAYBBS TO GOD. 207
and ns^t ne dede. huer-by hj uiUen in-to ye uoule
z&nuB yet ni^t ne is to nemni. alsuo dep moche uolc Maoh luk iom
^t lyesej) hare time / and hine bezettej) ine ydelneese / ^tomMSi*^
and ine to moche of metes an drinkes / and ine fole ^SSjhnal^ '*^**
pieces, ine childhedes / ine li3thedes / ine zonges / ine ^^» '^^
karoles / and ine tables / in ches / and ine obre fole ?»««» "»* <>•*»«
' II' fool gmm«t,
gemenes. Ine zuyche li^thedes waste]? hare time, and and so fioi into
]>eniore hi ualle]> li3[t]liche ine moche uoul zenne / and
ofte in-to pQ pette of helle. ])et is ate phcke of ]>e
dj&pQ I huerof he * ne nimj) none hede. [» w/]
)>e zeuende stape is guode benes to god / J>et moche vn. offer good
is worj) to ouercome alle zenne / and nameliche zenne of p"^*" ***
lecherie. Jeanne saynt ambroyse zayj>. ' holy bene is a
gaod sseld / a-ye aUe ])e beminde ganelockes of ye
dyeule.' and ysidre zay]>. ]>et / ])et his remedie aye alle Hoijpnyeriia
zenne. to him ^t yem]) to holy benes / an haste ^^ ^
hnanne Je vyend asaylef ])e herte. Vor wone to bidde : J^^'^^^*?
aquenc]) alle }» asaylinges of zenne. Holy bene is wel toAored with
mi3[t]uol auoreyegod. uor hi is y-ssored / mid uour Jinges with four posts,
ase mid uour po8s[t]es.
be uerete is mte beleaue hueisof zayb oure Ihord ine i. Th« flnt ib
. true belief.
his spelle. ' In al J>et ]>ou acsest ine J>ine benes / haue lUveagood
guode beleaue / and uest hope ine god : and ))ou sselt and thy pn^
habbe / ]>et fou acsest.' Saint Jacob zayj. J^et me acsy ■*»^*»*»»''««^
to god / ueste bileue / wy)H>ute drede. uor huo )yet He whole with-
diet : he is ase ]>e wa3e of Jye ze / ^t ]^ wynd let hider !!^ve ofthe ms
and Jider. And Jjeruoie he J)et gej) "yeminde / and ^1^^ ^ *^
talyinde / ne ]yeng)) na^t aye god. J>e oyer ymg ]>et [Foi. as. a.]
ssel by ine bene is hope uor to habbe J)et me byt
Huer-of ye saut^ zay]). haue guode hope ine god / and s. Have good
he ye wile do ^t Jk)u him acsest. And ])eruore zede he thou askMTfor.
ine ane oJ>re stede. ' Lord haue merci of me : uor min
herte hope)) ine J)e.' Grat hope ous yef]) him uor to
bidde / zuo yet he ne zayde na^t / ine behotingge / yo
he zede ine ye godspelle. * huo yet acse}) : he nim]?. and
huo yet zek^ : he yint and huo yet clepej) : god him
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208 HOW PRAYER SHOULD BE OFFERED.
Ask wisely, diu- openeb.* bet is to onderstonde / huo pet acsep / wyeliche.
gently, snd peno* r -■« r
veringiy, huo J)et zecj) / diUgentliche. and huo pe[t] clepej) /
bleuindeliche. Huafme pise pri pinges byep ine hire
skele. wyt. diligence, and p^rseuerance : god ham y-herp
and God shall hear an haste. wyt : pet pou acsi wisliclie. Moche uolk
preyen. acsep / pet ne byep na^t y-herd / uor hi mak^p kuead-
liche hire acsinge. Huerof saint Jacob zayp to pan pet
ne wytep huet hi acsep. ' ]}ou acsest ' he zayp ' to god
Some aak mon ^^ / ^ ^^^ ^^ ondenLa[n]g8t.' zome aksep to he^ ping /
tortiwm'Jirid ™®^ panne ham behouep / ase dede pe tuaye apostles
***dj^2r^**^ saint Jon / and saint Jacob, pet acsede pet on of ham
zete ane pe ri^thalf of ouie Ihoide ine his regno / and
pe oper ane his lefthalf. Hi ne acsede ni^t wisHche ac
who were re- lapTo hit p03te grat presuTTicion. And peruore he ham
LjrdfortbSr ansuiede oure Ihord hardliche and ham zede. ^ Ye ne
preramption. -^^^top huet ye acsep.* panne huo pet wile wysliche
Let no man be bidde god / yof he him lokep uram presumpcion / oper
ttrphS^r"* y^^ ^® ^® ^®^® greate pinges of him-zelue ase dede pe
[ifari$eur] f arisen* pet yalp ine his^nes / and onworpede pane
pubblycan. Ac mildeliche me ssel to god bidde / and
hat let him pray him-zeluo deme beuore god bet yziab be herten of be
meekly before o r >> jr r r
God. uolke. and wot hare eueles / and hire lackes / and wot
Take heed to the huet ham is nyed / betere panne ham-zelue conne. Nim
bow they exhibit hede to pe poure truons / hou hi ssewep hire eueles /
orditoexdte *^^ ^^"^ dofautos / uor to maki pet uolk / to habbe pe
'**^^* more reupe of ham. Alsuo me ssel do to-uore god /
So ahau one show mildeliche ssowy his lackes / and his zennespererecordy /
God hia laeka uor to habbc grace and uoryeuenesse. J>e opre byp pet
and ■^w« ,
Other foikprv ^® coune acsi botejjinges libbinde and little / ase byep
Sfi"'^â„¢^ pe guodes of time. God pe wyle wel gratter pinges
bat God will not youc. He uolc pe youe pere / ne eppel / ase me dep
give thee a pear i.'ij * •• i -*
or an apple aa one ^^^ cmlde. ac greate pinges he wile pet pou him acsL
doth to a child. j,jj^^ ^^ ^^ ^y profitable / to helpe of zaule / ase
his grace and his blisse. Vor huo pet acsep to god
richesses / worpssipes / he3nesses / oper dyeap of his
yuon : he zent to gode uoide benes. and peruore he ne
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A8K NOT FOR TEMPORAL Q1FT8. 209
hierjj his najt. J)eruore zayj> zaint austin. * Ne onder- He dartres m to
stand ni^t' he zayp ' of god uor greate J^inges / ye guodes fltabie to th*
yet he yetp / alsuo wel to J>e kueade / ase to ]>e guode.* Temporal gifu
he wyle zigge. me ne ssel na3t hyealde uor greate the evil m weiiM
pmgea / Jw guodes pasinde Jet god jefp / alsuo and "p<»*«8**^
more yet to ]>e kueade : fsinne to ]>e guode / and ]>eiuore
his yef)> god to ye wyckede: J^et ye guode liemi to wheraforethe
• ..^1 JH A ^ 1 3 1 • . SOoA ehoald not
onwor])i yet he yefj) to ye kueade / ase z&yy zaynt set great store by
austin. * Huanne you hist Jeanne god' / zay]> saynt am-
broyse / ' acsej> grat Jing / Jet byej Jo Jet euremo ileste J
wyj-oute ende / najt Je Jinges pasinde. - Vor Je ilke
bene ne com J na^t to gode.' J>eruore ous tekj ouie [Foi.6s.b.]
guode mayster lesu crist / uo[p] to acsi wysliche. and w« ""•* "^ '^
1 1 TT A . things In the
ous ssepj oure acsmge Jo he zede. ' Yef Jou acsest em nune of Jesus.
Jing to mine uader / ine mine name : he hit Je wile
yeue.* Yef he hit acsej mid Je name of lesu crtst /
Jet acseJ Jet behouej* to helje of zaule. Vor lesu / is J««» signiiies
asemoche worj : ase helje. And huet Jing ssoUe we c^ ms. boium«U
Janne acsi : he ous tekJ ine Ms spelle Jo he zede.
' Yeist ocsej godes liche/and his rijtuolnesse. and alle "SeekUnt,"
Jise timliche Jinges : Jou sselt habbe to auontage.' Yor "God'skingdom
ase me can zigge / * to Je meste nied« : me ssel alneway JSmms^ li.
yeme.' We habbe J niede of tuo Jing. [of gostliche we ahonid yesm
for the greatest
guodes / and of timliche guodes. Ac wel more nyede tut,
we habbe J of gostliche guodes. and Jeruore we ssolle ft* we hare more
his uerst and pnncipalliche bidde. and god his wile than of temporal
ous yeue / and ous wile do auontage of Je ojre guodes /
Jet byej Je timliche guodes. We ne ssolle na^t maki
of Je oJre [seconde] guodes principals / ase doj Je
couaytouse / Jet ne zechej ojer lif / bote Jet / Jet ham
faile J / and ham ascape J wille hi nolle hi Ac Je riche
of heuene is bet lif eurelestinde : we ssolle bidde be wherefore let us
'^ pnj tar llA ever-
ofiseruinges of guode workes. And Jet is Jet god zay J. i»**n«t
'bidde J uerst godes riche /and his ri3tuolnes8e.* Jet is/ and power to do
do guode workes / huerby me may come to Jo riche Jet whereby one
neure ne ssel failL an huo Jus hit bit: god dejhim ckni'sUngdom.
14
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210 PRAY WITH THINB HEART.
auontage of pe timliche guodes, uor he hise him yef))
to his wone yuojliche. uor na^t ne locke]) to ham ^t
TheoovflCooa mm louic]? god / a&d drede]y / ase zay)) pQ writinge. Ac ]»e
couaytouse of fe wordle : fe more ))et hi habbe)^ / )w
lease hi habbej). huo )M)t meat hep of mayn^ / and mest
him faile]?^ of mete, and pet mest hep hors : mest him
faylep grumes and stablen. And sain[te] lerome zajp.
]>et ' to pe wreche fayle]> : ])et he he)) / and |)et he nej).'
Nou ])ench Jeanne huanne ]k)u woldest bidde god
and acsi wisliche / and diligentliche / ]>et is ententif-
liche / and p^rseuerantliche : and he pe wille y[e]Qe :
])et pe hest niede to j>i profit / an to hel]>e to Jiine
zaule.
8. Letth«r«b« t>e pnddo ping ]7et ssel by ine bene : is deuocion of
tott^ ww^ herte / ^t is to arere pe herte to god / wyp-oute Jjojte
ine opTe stede. Jeanne oure Ihord zayp / * huanne j>ou
Say thy pnyw In sselt bidde god / be-tuene ])ine te]?.' ])et is to zigge / ine
])ine herte. ssete pe dore ope pe. J^et is to zigge : do out
audpatoaiAU alle J^o^tes ulessliche / uoule / and wordleliche / and
Jj^li^. ^ *^o bide Jjine uader of heuene ine halke. Saynt
cipnan pons zay)). ))et alle ])03tes ulessliche and
wordlohche me ssel di^te uram pe herte / ))et wyle god
bidde. zuo ])et his herte ne ]>enche to o])re pmge : bote
to ))et he ssel bidde. *hou' zayj *he / wenst j)ou / J)et
We prty truly 9^ pe j-heve / huawne ))ou ne hierst nat ))izelue?'
roiS.ni^'* "^ ^^ ysi^ ^yP' ' J^^^® / ^® ^id^®> zojUche / huanne
we ])enche]) nawerelles.' And saint augt/^in zay]}.
What good ia it ' Huct is hit wor]) to stcrie and to beate al day pe
whue the hMrt is lippen / huanne pe herte is al domb 9' zuych difference
"^ ase per is be-tuene pe cheue and pe com / be-tuene
Th6 Toioe of bren and flour of huete / betuene pe uelle and pe beste :
SS*J!d tain, zuyche diflference is betune pe rearde of pe bene / and
^e'wtattif J'® cleuocioun of pe herte. God ne is najt goth « to uede
corn and flour of mj^j leaues. alsuo Jje bene Jjet is y-wri3e ine leaues of
wordes / wyJ)-oute deuocion of herte / ne like]) na^t to
1 MS. MtZf|> ^ gott^ goat
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PRAT WITH A DBYOUT HEART. 211
god / ac ia]>re him mis-pay)) / and kirn' went fet jeare / ci ms. mi»]
^t he bit ne yhiere. uor he ne onderstant ne^t zoiche [Fol 6«. a.]
speche. Hno fet bit god wyjK)ute deuocion of herte : 5l^?[]^
he spek^ to god patioyllart. ase fe ilke Jet 8pek)) half •adrBMes ood as
englis and half urenas. he spek]) to god mid mou]>e : half En^iah sad
ac ])e herte spek]) o])ie speche / hoanne he ))eng]>
elleshner. panne hit fe ]>ingj pet zuych uolk / ])et zuo
bidde]) god : him scome]). ase he Jiet wile scomj ane sndi folk leorn
dyane: he wagge]) pe lippen onlepiliche and make]) moduadeaf
semblont to spekene : and ns^t ne zay)). To zuiche to aoch ood
uolke make]) god ])et dyeaue eaie. Ac ])e bene pet «„.
com]) / of J)e dyepnesse of pe herte : J)o yherj) ouie
Ihoid. Yor ase zayp ])et godspeL ' god is a gost. and
Jeraore huo fet wile by yhierd of god : hit him behonej) ood la a ipirit,
])et he bidde ine goste / and in zo))e.' Daui]) ous tek]) pnyedtotntbe
to bidde god deuoutliche ine pe sauteie / J>o he zede. '^^^
' Ihord mj bene bi ydijt beuoie pe: aae pet stor/ ])et
stor huanne hit is ope pe uere smelb zuete. alsno deb Prayer of a fer-
he bene : huanne hi com]) of bemide herte of pe loue uke the inoeoM
oDtheftre.
of god / smel]) wel zuete to-uore god. o])erlaker pe bene
ne com]) na^t beuore god / bote hi come of pe herte.,
ase pe messager l)et none lettres ne brengl) / ober pet Prayer without
* ^» * f ' derottonlaamea-
ne is najt wel yknawe : ne com]) najt li^tliche touore aenger without
pe kinge. bene wyjhoute deuocion / is messagier wy])- ^ rwxnr
oute lettres / and wy])-oute knawlechinge. huo ])et
zuych messager zent to cort : euele ha de]) his niedes.
Yor ase me zay]) communliche. huo ])et fol zent : fol
abyt. Huo ])et wyle ])anne zo))liche bidde god : he
ssel to god grede mid dyepe herte / ase dede dauid J)et Pray to ood
zede ine pe sautere. ' Ihord god yhyer mine bene and heart,
mine rearde ])et ich grede to ])e / mid ])e dyepnesse of
herte.' jDe hete of loue : is p^ gredinge of herte / ])et
zay)) saynt augtt^tin. ])e ilke rearde and pe ilke gred-
inge / him like)), nt^t rearde uor to telle tales. Saint
gregorie zai]). pet zo])liche bidde god : is biter zobb- of bitter out-
inge of uor])enchinge. Jet is to zigge / of zorje / and of JJhuI*****'*^
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212 PRATER DRIVBS AWAT THE DEVIL.
MidiMtorimooUi repentonce of herte / keste to god. najt wordes afaited
and y-sliked ueleuold. Znych gredinge cache]) pe
pjenea / pet hjep fe dyeulen pet ous waytej) ous to
robbL and ]>eruore ssolle we ofte 'grede to god / fet he
BoohprajerdriTM OUS loki uiam bo bieues. Alsuo ssolle we stranfliche
away tlM thlevM,
tiiAtii,th«deTiu. grede to god / pet he ous loki uram po j^yeues. and
uiam pe uer of couaytise / and of lecherie / pet he ous
God gmv» tiM yeue fet water of tyeares uor to quenche zuich uer / ^
to queneh th* fire hit ne heme ouie herten. Alsuo ssolle we grede aye pe
iiMrti. °^ ^oles of euele ]>enchinges / })et ouerguo)) ofbe pe herte.
]>et pe herte ne spille be grauntinge. ])eruore gredde
damp to god ine pe saute?*. ]>et zede. Ihord / y-wyte
tim peril of sin is me Uiam pe peril of weteris / ))et is nie3 y-guo in-to
wJsra,'^ mine herte. And pe deciples of oure Ihorde ]x) hi
udthatempart yze3en pe tempeste of pe dyabe ope ham gredden.
of flf rtli _
* Sire / y-wyte ous / uor we spille J.'
We should pr^j Vor ])o ])ri ])inges J^et ich habbe hier y-zed / me
ae from ssel ofte grade to god / ])et he ous wytie uram p\ae ]>ri
hell, **** perils / of pe Jjyeues of helle / uram pe uere of
i. JJtt ttSuihu. couaytise. of foles and of kueade Jjojtes / and uram
uondi[n]gge.
Nou sselt ]>ou conne / Jiet ine eche time / and ine
Pniyepeoiany to echc stedc : mijt ])ou bidde to god. ac spedalliche
ehnrch. and more deuouteliche me ssel him bidde at cherche /
]>ane zonday / and ine festes ]>et bie]) iset god uor to
[Pol. 66. b.] bydde. herie / and wor J?ssipie. and Jeruore me let of
Weibraakethe bodiliche workes of pe woke / uor betere to onder-
wSktoord^rto stoude to bidde god serui / herie / and worssipie.
JTithatday. ' t^r hjep tuAje maucre benes / on fenchinde ine herte /
S^Tof I2n? ^ J>et me may oueral bidde. an ojer ine speche of mou j)e.
))et me ssel bidde ine oneste stedes / na3t ine longaynes
ase do]> pe ypocrites / J>et ham sseawej) wy[JJ]-oute / and
end othen pray ao ^*3* wi])-ine. and alsuo per biej) ojre fet gtedep hare
tarbth<^t!!!Lr ^®^®® ^^ Ihoude J)et J?o ])et hjep y-hande / byej)
**»«»• desstorbed of hare deuocion be ham / and J)encheJ)
zuych ich am. And j>eruore to zuichen zayj) god.
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SUNDAY MORE HOLT THAN SATURDAY. 213
Vor-zoJ>e ich zigge to yow : ye habeji onderuonge youre
mede. Yef god het / zuo straytlicfhle loki bane zeter- if a man was
« u J 3 atoned for gather-
day / ine ]ie yealde la^e / ]iet lie made, ane man / to ingwoodonthe
stene / to-uore al Je uolke / uor Jet lie hedde y- ^*'**^'
gadered / a lite wode / |)ane zeterdey. huet ssel he do /
of j^an / ]>et do]? / greate zennes / ]>ane zonday / and whatahaUbe
ine festes / and waste]) j^ane time in ydelnesse / and o^mitagnat
ine folies. and worse doJ> ine festes : Jjanne in oJ>re ^®'»**»®^^"
di^es. Vorzoje hi ssoUe by more y-pined / and more
y-damned ine ]>e oj^re wordle : Jeanne geus / ])et breken For the Sunday
• hare zeterday. Y or ]>e zonday is more holy : ])anne j^e than the sator-
zeteiday.
Also byef J)e festes principals / })et byej yzet ine The great fiatu-
holy cherche / uor god to bidde / and ]ionki / serui / forworaWpping
herie / and worJ«sipie. of Je greate guodnesses J)et he
})e hej> y-do / ase holy cherche recordej. Ine zuyche chriatmaa re-
festes ase at cnstesmesse / his beringe / hou he wes y- chriit'* unh,
bore / of J)e mayde. At yestre / his oparizinge / hou ri«ing, Awension
he aros uram dyaje / to liua Ate assencion / hou ha JliJj^*^ ^^
ste^ to heuene / ine zyfe / of alle his apostles. At ^jj^of"^
^ lokes / hou he zente fane holy gost : ope his apostles. **»• ^^ ^^***'
Alsuo fer byej yzet J>e festes of haljen / ine holy There are the
cherche / uor to wor]»sipie / an uor to serui god / and which mnet be
herie / and his hal^en / of fe miracles Jjet he dede uor ***'^*^
ham. uor to uestni oure beleaue. And J>eruore / we
ssolle ])e festes of haljen loki / and bidde / ]?et hi ous
helpe auoreye oure Ihord lesu crtst / J)et zuo moche his Let napn^ that
... I ^ . •. , they help ue be-
worssipe]) / me heuene / and me er]?e. panne zene^eji fore God.
he wel kueadliche / ]>et ne loke)» j^e festes. Yor he
de]i aye godes heste. and of holy cherche.
Ac zome m^te zigge. * lyeue sire / me ne may ni^t some might eay,
ahieway bidde god / ne by at cherche. huet kuead is way be praying,
nor be in
hit / yef ich guo playe. and solacL ])er-huile j^et ich church.**
me solaci / an playe : iche ne J^enche none maTzne
kuead.' To fan ich wille ansuerie lijtlicha uor al fane ^^^^J^j
time / Jjet f ou bezest in fole gemenes / in ydelnesse / i<»t ti™^
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214 THE CHURCH A H0U8S OP PRATKll.
aud ine niedes / J)et ne hjeip VL&yt i-di3t to god : fon bis
lyest. Yor ^u sselt y wyte / pet el fane time / fet yovi
ne ])engst najt a god : ^u hise BBelt rekeni uor na^t.
fei z&yf an haljen. pet is to ondeistonde / hnanne fon
ne Jwngst / bote to ydebiesse of ]>inge / J)et ne is ydijt /
He loMth a grMt ine none maner to trod. And uorzobe he liest giat
thing that loMth j^ o
hit fetm^ ping I pel liest bis time / zno zay^ senekes. uor be lyest
pe guodes ]>et be ssolde do / ine zuo mocbe time / fisehe
for he loMth the lyest ine pe playes / and ine ydelnesse. and ^t ne is
SSht d?to Uiat ^* wy]K)ute zenno / to liese fane time / in queade
^'"^ wonos. Vor god wile acsi lekeninge / ate daye of dom&
[FoL 87. a.] piB x&jp Bsmt anselm. And J^emore me ssel alneway
Be oocapied in wel do / and wel bezette ])ane time / ine guode workes /
umeia short, ase mocbe / ase me may / ^r-bnile )»et be leue]i. uor pe
IrtieTwe ihau ^une is ssoit / ase z&jp pe wiitinge. ne non ne wot /
^' bou longe be bit ssel babbe. uor non ne wot / boanne
be ssel sterue / ne buanne be ssel pacL
Another may An ober may zigge. 'Tef bit were suo / bet alle
eaj,«IfaUdaj« j . ^ j / j i. ^
aretohemaet ds^es me pe jesje were messeda^es / and y-bote
WttMn t^d byealde be boly cbercbe. buo Jeanne ssolde erye / and
JJI^JJ'^'JI^ zawe. ripe / and maw& and ojre erf Ucbe workes to
done / buer-by men ssolle libbe ? ' ])eme ansuere icb lete
The answer I to bam : fetbetere conne ansuerie / fanne icb. Huo
better able to fet wyle pAniie loki pe festes / ase be ssel : be bim ssel
'"*^*' loki to done J>ing / f et to gode ne is ni^t likinde / ne
to bis baljen. and wel to bezette fane time / in god
to bydde / bene / and fonki of bis guode. y-bere bis
sermons / and onderstonde to alle guode workes. Alsuo /
whenatchnroh buaTiue at cbercbe / man bim ssel babbe / wel oneste /
r that the and do worfssipe / an reuerence / to god and to bis
balden / uor fe stede is boly / and is y-zet / to bidde
god. nf^t uor to iangli / uor to Ib^e / ne uorto trufly.
It la a hooie of ]>anne oure sire zayf . ' Min bous / is bous of bene.' and
feruore me ne ssel ofer fing do / ne zigge : bote fet
bueruore bit is y-zet. fis zayf saynt austin. Pe ilke fet
ssel come to-uore f e kinge ine bis cbombre / uor zome
place la holj.
prayer.
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LAY ASIDE PRIDB IN CHURCH. 215
grace to bidde / lie him loki wel to zigge f ing / Jet
na3t ne liki J>e kinge. Wel more he him ssel loki / fe n i, aod*8 cham-
ilke J)et com]) to cherche / Jjet is godes chomhre / and SSiJJ|*|^^,
godes hous / to done / and to zigge / to-uore god / and J^^onJ^^/^"*
to-uore his angles / fing J>et him ne liki. God nele ^pieaaing to
na^t fet me maki his hous maicat / ne bo])e / hiieront
he wrek / J>o J>e zyalde / and bojte / ine Je templa uor
he nele / Jet me maki uorewerdes / ne noyses / ne
nyedes seculeres / berinna ac rabre wile / bet me on- wherefom pr»y
•^ ' '^ r I r devontly,and
derstonde / to bidde god denonteliche / and him herie / thank God ftw
' . . all Hi! gUU to
and Jonki of al his guode. ))er me ssel wy]>-<:lepie his thee,
herte to him / and do al out / alle seculere niedes.
yemere Jo3tes. and Jenche an his sseppere / and ane and think of His
his guode guodnesses Jet god him he J y-do, and him *f**^^*"*° ^•
dej communliche. recordi his zennes / and his lackes /
and him-zelue mildi / to-uore god / and bidde uoryeue-
nesse / and grace / him to loki uram ze^me. and Pray for forgive-
nsM, and for
bleuinge ine guode line / al to Je ende. ]9ere ssoUe Je grace to iiTe
greate Ihordes / and Je greate Iheuedyes uoryete hare ^^'
blisse / hare miata hare dingnet^. and hare hemesse. in church great
' ^ lords and ladies
and Jenche Jet hi bye J beuore hare demere / Jet ssel shoaidiayadde
his zette to skele / of Je guodes Jet he ham het y-do.
of Je dingnet^ / huer he his hej y-zei hou hi hit
habbej y-used. and ham ssel yelde be hare ofgoinge.
Jperuore hi ssollen Jer / ham moche mUdi to god / na^t
glorifie hare hepesse / ne of hare uayre dijtinge / ne of
hare uayre robes / to Je uorbysne of kinge dauij / Jet f"*if®^**
hedde uoryete his dingnete / Jo he bed god / and on- wives before
worjede him-zelue / touore him. ' Ich am' he zede 'a lite
werm / and no man.' and ine Jet / he bekneu / his
bolemodnesse. his pourehede / and his uoulhedo. Vor *^*** *• **^* •
' -^ ' worm,
ase Je werm is uoul / and lite / Jing onworj / and wext
al naked / of Je erje / al-suo is man / uoul Jing of
him-zelue. uor huanne he yede / in-to Je exil of Jise naked and worth-
wordle : na3t he ne bro3te : ne na3t ne ssel here away.
al naked he com : and al naked he ssel guo. ))anne C^oi- w. b.j
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216
QUEEN HESTER, A PATTERN TO. LADIES.
filth, ft uckftiU
of dung, and
iiMat for wanm.
OrwtUdiM
â– hoald take pat-
tern by Qaeen
Heater,
and shoQid leave
their fine robea
at borne.
CM la diagiuted
with thoae who
rt^oice In tiiese
things, and deeire
to pleaae fools.
God la pleased
with a mild
heart and a pore
Women should
eome to chnrch
with dean cloth-
ing and not
dressed abore
their steUon.
Thej should he
They should not
be too bnsy about
decking their
heads with gold
and sflTer,
for at church
saint benuud zay^. ' hnet is man / bote nel])e / and a
zech uol of donge / weimene mete?' He is wel noul an
stinkinde zed ine fe byetinge.^ a zecb uol of donge ine
his line, mete to wennes / ine Ids dya^ Alsuo ]?e
greate ^ llieuedyes / fei come]i zuo idi^t mid gold / mid
zeluer / mid stones of pris / and mid robes of grat cost /
to cberche be-uoie god / by ssolden nime uorbisne of
j>e quen bester / pet dede of bire constouse robes / and
bire o)>re agraijiinges / ])anne bi com to cbercbe / to
bidde god / and bire to lo^y / and bekneu bare poure-
bede to-uore god / and zayde to god * Ibord Jou wost
J>et icb batie J)e toknen of prede / and fe blisse of
agrayjinges / and of ioyaus / Jet me beboue]i do / ope
mine beauede ine grat wlatiynge.' Vorzof e / and zuo
hef god grat wlatiynge / to bam / fei ine Jise Jinges
babbef blisse / and bom agray))e]i / bam uor to ssewy /
and to paye fe foles. God ne be]i na^t to done mid
zuycbe payinges / ine bis cbercbe. ac of milde berte /
and of clene inwyt Zainte panel tek]) ri^t wel / boa
]>e guode wyfmen / bam ssolle agray]ii / buanne bi
comejj to cbercbe / to bidde god. He zayj ))et bi ssolle
babbe clenlicbe clofinge / wyJ?-oute to mocbe. fet is to
onderstonde : be fan J>et Je wyfman is. Vor fet / Jet
1b to mocbe ine one wy^nan / ne is na3t to mocbe ine
anojra More bebouej to ane kuene / Janne bebouej
to ane borgayse / o])er to ane simple, wy&ian. Efter-
ward be tekf / buicbe byej of simple z^Je. Jet is to
zigge / milde / and ssamueste / najt Je bolde / ne Je
ni^t ssamueste / ase byej J>e fole wyfmen / Jet guoj
mid stondinde nbicke ' / ase bert ine launde / and
lokej azide / ase bors of grat cost. EfU?rward / be
nele ni^t Jet bi bi to bysi / of bare beaueden to agrayji
mid gold / and mid zeluer / and mid preciouse stones.
And be wile yet eft / Jet at cbercbe / Jet bi babbe /
J For 'beyetinge.' * MS. pretate.
' MS. reads w'heke
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THE TWO WINGS OF PRATER. 217
hare lieaueden y-wreje / zuo fet non ne bi ine kuede JJ*''*'*^**^*^
J>ojtes uor ham. and Jet hi ne yeue none enchesoun /
to Jjenche quead / to ham / Jet hise ysyej>. Ac hi
fisollen bi ydi3t * ase he zayf / ase guode wyfinen / Jet p ms. yd^ft]
sseawej Je guodnesse of hare heiten / be guode dedes /
and Jeruore zayj saynt Ambroyse. * Huo Jet wyle by JJ® '^**®^"*^*"
yherd ine his benes : he ssel do away mam him / alle be heard, must
toknen of prede / and he ssel bouje to god / be zoje tokens of pride.
bo^samnesse / uor to sterie god to merci' Vor ase he
zay J. ' prouduol clojinge / ne wyn J nt^t of god. ac yefj
encheisoun / euele to deme / of Jan ojer of hire: Jet hit
berj.'
Nou ich Je habbe y-ssewed / Jri Jing / Jet ssol by
ine bene, beleaue. hope, and deuocioun. Ac to Jan Jet Two winge %n
. 1/-I needed to bear
Je bene / by parfithche ucuol to gode / and worji to thepnyerto
bi y-herd : hit behouej / Jet uerje Jing. Jet is Jet him
behouej / tuo wyngen / Jet hit beie touore god. Jjise
tuo wyngen / bye J : uestinge / and elmesse. Jjeruore / They art fluting
Je angle zayde to tobye. Je bene is guod : haa7me hi without these it
hej mid hire / elmesse / and uestinge. and wyj-oute Sod."** ^
Jise tuo Jinges : bene ne may najt / vly to gode. ac
zeTine amerj and him wijdra^ J ayen. J^eruore Jou sselt
y-wyte / Jet ine tuo maneres is bene amerd / ase zayj
ysaye. Vor Jet me ne let nt^t euele to done. And ry i e8 a.i
beruore / bet me nele uoryeue / his misdedes Ane his inpr^wtbere
^ I r J I / mnstbenoUl-
euele ywyl. Vor alsuo ase Je smeryeles / ne is najt wor J / wiii in the heart.
to hele Je wonde / ne non o Jer Jing / Jer-huile Jet / Jet
yzen is Jennne : alsuo hit ne is ns^t wor J /ne nc^t ne pro-
fitej Je bene / to him Jet hit zay J : Jer huile Jet he is /
ine dyadlich zenne. ne ase longe ase he heJ / quednesse
ine his herte. And Jeruore zayJ Je p?'ofete. ' Arere we Therefore saith
oure herten / and oure honden to god / Jet ophebbej "iLSrweour
oure benes be guode workes.' And Je apostel tekj / hM^toG^that
Jet me arere / clene honden ine bene. J)e clene J^y^"*^"^
honden / Jet byej Je clene benen / Jet byej y-do ine Z^^^" ^ ,
clene inwyl Vor God ne yher J najt Je bone / Jet "^ **>« ^lean
prayers.
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218
UNCLEAN PRATERS LIKE BLOODY HANDS.
Ood wUlDoi
llstan to pnjen
from a filthy
tool, that !■» from
thoMwilhUoody
hands.
Th«7 hava bloody
hands who ill-uae
thapoor.
Th«3r eat bloody
monela, for
which they ahall
pay hard soot
In the other
world.
He who will be
heard, must not
come before God
empty-handed.
bat must bear a
present of good
works.
We read in the
gospel that the
gate was shut
against those
maidens whose
lamps were
empty.
God hears those
that have their
lamps ftill of
oil,
that is» whose
hearts are ftill of
Pr«iyer thus
cem^ of inwyt uol of uel]ie / and of zenne. J^nne he
zayjj be J>e profete. ' Huanne J)e multepliest Jine benes :
ich nelle none y-here. nor Jjin^ honden hjep al blod3^'
Huo byej? po / yet habbe]? f e bondeu blodi : bote f o /
))ct be-ttloa]i fe poure nolk / ]>et bye^ onder ham / and
benime)> ham hire guodes be streng])e ? Hy habbe]) hare
honden al nol of blode / of J>e ponre. nor hi benimcj^
ham hare lyf / and hare sostinonce / be hare couaytise
and be hire roberie. and makef fe greate to mochel-
hedes / and etef pe blodi snoden. Huerof hi ssolle
paye hard scot / ine pe o^ wordle / bote pe writinge
ne lyeje / fet zayj. fet god wyle acsi / fet blod of yo
poure: of hare honden. p&nne hit behonej pet hi
yelde : ojjer J>et hi hongL Vor ase me zayj : * oJ?er yelde :
ofer hongL' And Jieniore god ne yhyerjj na3t roich
nolk / nor hi ne bye J ni^t worjL Huo J)et wyle panne
by yherd : ne come najt beuore god / mid zuorde
adraje / and mid blodi honden / ne ydel honden. J>et is
to zigge : in wyl to zene3i / ne mid lac of ontreu^ / ne
ydel of guode workes. uor Jjus zayj> oure Ihord ine his
spelle. * povL ne sselt najt sseawy pe / beuore me : ydel-
honded.' pe ilke com)> to-uore god / mid ydele honden :
J>et comf him to bidde / wy]K)ute makiynge of presont
to god / of guode workes. uor ayens ^an / ha sset his
gate : ^et him bit / and na3t ne brengfi. Of pisen we
habbe)) ane uorbisne / ine pe godspelle / )>et zAjp, ))et
pe gate was ynsset / aye pe fole maydines / |)et hedden
hare lo7»pen ydeL and god ham zede. * ich ne knawe you
na^t.' fet is to zigge : ' ich not huo ye byej>.* Vor god ne
knau^ bote J)o : Jet him trewliche serue)> / J)et habbej
hare lompen uol of oyle : ase hedden pe wyse maydenes.
])ot is to zigge : )>et habbe]i hare herten uol of pite / and
hit ssewej be guode dedes. Zuich uolk he y-herj / and
to zuiche uolk he openej his gates / uor he onderuang]i /
blefeliche hare benes.
Nou ich zigge f anne / Jjct bene Jet is ysaored mid /
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PRA.TEB SHORED WITH FOUR POST& 219
Jise uonr po8s[t]e8 / ase ich habbe beuore yzed : ys wel •Jm>'^ ^^
these foar poste
mijtuol be-uore god. uor he ssel babbe lyjtliche of bim / al it powerAii before
^t be bef niede / by bit to J>e bodie / by bit to f e zaule /
ase wytnesse)) J>e writinges. )panne saint lacob zayf, ])et Thepnqrerof a
mocbel is wot)> bene of guod man. norbi is worf uor to bele to heiOtiie sick-
Je zike / of bodie / and of zaule. Huerof bim-zelf zede. JJS^J* "* "
yef be is ine zenne : bit ssel bim by Tiory[e]ue. ))e
writinge zay)). j^et Moyses onercom amalec / and al bis noeea oreraune
ost / najt be uijt : ac be bis boly biddinges. nor ase p^JJI^ ^
zay)) an boly man. more is wor]) an baljen / and may
biddinde : fane nele )>ousond of zene^eres : ni3tinde. [Fol os. b.]
J)e bene of a gnod man / opene]> fe beuene. bou ssolde Thepmyerofa
be / bote ouercome pe wyckede ine er>e. A guodald wyf ' ^^^^v^^^
poicbace]) more of beuene / ine one-lepi ouie biddinde :
))anne ssolde do / a ^onzond knyjtes / of )>e londe in lang
time / be bare annes. And beniore bit is guod / to zecbe WherefBre it !â–
#^ o # good to seek the
pe benes of guodemen. and speciallicbe of men of r&- pnjenofsood
ligion / pet byef to-gydere / god uor to serui / and uor
to bidde uor bam / Jet dop ham guod. Vor yef pe bene
of ane guodemanne / is mocbe wor)) be-uore god / ase Thepnyenor
zayp pe writinge : more is worp / and may : pQ bene / effectivT^^the
of uele guode. Vor ase zay]» an balden. Hit ne may SSf"**'^"*
najt by / Jet pe bene of uele guode men : ne is y-berd.
be benes of a couent / byeb latae yberd of be abbotte : TheprayepBofe
'^ I ^ r r J r conventtothe
banne be bene of one moneke. alsuo yberb god rabre be abbot an eooner
, ' , .,,., ., heard than the
benes of Jan Jet bye J to^dere him uor to serui. panne prayer or one
be zayj ine his spella * yef tuo of ous / one J ham to- "**
gidere / me uor to bidde : Al Jet hi biddej / mine
uader : [he] ham wile do/
bs ZEUE BO^ES/ OF OHASTBTfi. The seven booghe
^ ' of chastity.
Nou ich habbe yzed be zeue stapes / huer-by clifb / The seven
•^ '^ '^ ' J r I boughsofohaeUty,
and wext / and profiteb / bet trau of u/rtue / and of »re seven sutes
- - * I ' I of men in this
cha[sjtet6, . Nou bebouej to zigge / of Je bojes / of world.
Jise trawe / Jet byej zeuen. be Je zeue states / of Je
stapes of uolke / Jet byeJ ine Jise wordle.
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220 THE SEVEN BOUGHS OF 0HA8TITT.
The flnt lUfte ia j)e uerste stat / is of ]7an fet byej yhole of bodie / aiid
whole of bodj, liabbe]) wel yloked hire maydenliod. Ac alneway / hi
iMptthei7maid- HO hye]» na3t y-bounde Jjerto / ]»et hi He bi ine manage.
in^marriegeoiM I^® J^^ 8*** / ™® ^^^ ^^^ chastete / J)et is cleHHesse of
chStS^hewt ^®^ / ^"^^ ^^ bodia Jjeniore pe children of liche men /
andof bodj. ssollc habbe (mode lokeres / and oneste /bet hi by
have good be-zidc ham / and J>et hi bi diligent ham wel to teche /
and loki uiam zenne / and uiam kueade uela^iede.
leettbesrhenwr- Vor be fole uelajpedes / amerreb ofte children, and hare
redbjfboUih '^ ^ ' "^
oompuione. te[c]hinge. ^t kueade uolk / fe wordes of kueadnesse /
of ribaudie / fe fole takinges / and inhoneste ine zenne
of lecherie. and o^rhnil of ]»o lecherie / J>et is aye
kende. ]^rof ano]>re time we habbe)) yspeke ine j^e
chapitle of uices. an ])eraoTe hit ne behone]) Ha3t to
chudren ehonid jehercL HOT be ilke kende ne is nait uayr. And beniore
be chastened and '^ i
uoght wbue me ssel fe children chasti / and wel teche / and bi bezide
good mannera. ham ]>erhidle ]?et hi bye)) yonga And wonye Ids to
hyealde fe guode techinges. Vor ase zayj Salomon. ' )>et
child lyeme^ ine his ye^ej^e : he hit wyle healde ine his
elde.' And ])e filozofe zay]>. ' Hit ne is najt lite ^ing / to
wonie guod / o])er kuead / ine his je^efe,^ Yor ase me
zayjj. * Huo Jet tekjj colte endaunture : hyalde hit wyle
snoh form aa the berhuylc hit ilcst.' Zuiche fourme ase be sso takb ate
Bhoetakeeat . , , , , ,
flnt It evermore gumynge '. he halt euremor me ]^t stat. Jpanne hep
chastete nyede of guode lokinge. uor ojerlaker hy ssel
zone by uorlore.
u*of t£m tS? ^ ^f®' ®*** ^ ^^ *""^ J^* ^^®f ^^*' ^^®^® ^^ bodie /
have loat their and habbe)) hare chastete uorlore / and hare maydenhod /
[1 So In MS.] er peji hy weren euerte ' ymarissed / ne y-bounde mid
bende. huo may ham wypnjme uorte bi y-marissed. and
alneway hy byej y-ssriue and uor)>enchiHde of hare
Even In this zeTiHes. Ine po stat me ssel loki chastet4 Yor huo ))et
ahouidbeo/ ^ ^^^ f®* ^tat : he ssel habbe uest porpos / and wyl /
rSijTpMMee "' J^* neure mor ne ssel ayen yeme to J>e zenne of his
to abstain ttxm bodyc. ac ra))re he him ssel loki be his mi^te. wy)K)ute
andthefleah Jet / J>et he him mo e marissi yef he wyle. And huo
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
(ToL flO. a.]
MARRIAGE A STATE OP GREAT DIGNITY. 221
J)et wyle ine pet etat loki his chastet^ : hit behpue^ pet •houw be mder-
lie defouly and cliasti his uless be hardnesse of uest- Mv»rityof Awt-
inges / and be penonces. pis is pe opeir boj of J^ise uom.
trawe.
j>e ]nidde is of ham ]>et bye^ y-bounde be manage. Th« third state
me ]70 stat me ssel loki chastete / out-ynome j^e dede of thoee bound I7
spoushod. Vor hi ssolle loki hare bodi ])e on to ]>e o^re Si!S*h«iid
klenliche and treweliche / wyjH>ute do onrijt : J>e on to }^^^{^«^J^***
pe oJ^reiL and J>et acsej? pe l&^e of spoushod. J^et J>e on {JJ^^uieSher.
here to pe ojren Is^e and trew Je of his bodia Vor For man and
ferhuyle })et hy byej> y-uestned to-gidere be spoushod ^marriage an
J)e on to ]»e Jre / hi byej o body / ase zayf pe writinge. "** '
and ]>eruore ssel pe on louye pe o]iren / ase him-zelue.
Vor ase hi byejj on body, hi ssolle by on herte be wherdbretiu^
trewe-loue / ne nanmore ham to-dele / be herte ne be beaiti^temr
bodie Jerhuile fet hi libbejj. Jjeniore hi ssolle loki hare ^•*
bodyes clena and chastliche out-ynome pe dede of wivee dun love
spoushod. and ]>eruore z&jp zay[n]te pauL )>et j^e wyues be ohaete an?
ssolle louie hare Ihordes / and worssipie. and deuoute- ***^'
liche by chast and sobre. chaste to loki hare body uram chaete in their
o^ren panne of hare Ihordes. sobre ine mete and ine inmeatandhi
drinke. uor to moche drinke / and to moche ethe: ^*°^
is grat aliatinge to be uere of lecherie. Alsuo ssel Themanehaii
-^ o r not give hlabodj
pe man loki his body clenliche ))et he ne yeue hit t« other women.
na^t to oj^re wyfmen / bote to his. Spoushod is a
stat J^et me ssel wel klenliche / and wel holylyche* Marriage la a
state of sreat
loki uor manie skeles. uor hit is a stat of greate aathority,
autorit^. uor god hit made ine paradis terestre ine be and was ordained
^ InPamdise.
stat of clennessa er^an man hedde y-zene^ed. And
j^eruore me ssel hit holyliche loki / uor ))ane skele
^t god hit made / and uor j^ane stede huer hit wes
ymad. Eftarward / hit is a stat of greate dignet^. itisastateof
uor god wolde by bore of wyfinan yspoused. ])eruore pe ***** ^^^*y*
mayde marie made of spoushod hire mentel : hueronder For ood was bom
wolde by godes zone bi y-conceyued / and y-bore. Under *" *
f o mentle wes y-hole uram pe dyeule / pe pWuite / and
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222 HOW MARRIAOB MAT BB SINLB88.
uiHtoriMrmaaito he red of ouTe scele / and of oure helbe, beruore bann^
of the Moi'i help me ssel hit worbssipie and denliche lokL Efter bet me
biddto fWmi fcb«
d«vu. 8sel hit loki holjliche / uor his holynesse.^ uor hit is on of
It is a iM>ij state, he saciemens of holy cherche. and betokneb be spoushod
betngoneoftlM ^ r r r
Mcnunento ; j^et is he-tuene holy cherche : and lesu crist and betaene
•owfaatwMbe&M god / and ])e zaule. )>anne ])et stat of spoushod is zao
CUM no sin in ^^^7 cmd suo honeste : ])et ))e dede )>et wes dyadlich zemie
"'**'■'*■*"• out of spoushod / is wyjH>ute zenne ine spoushod. and
na^ onlepiliche wy)K)ute zenne : ac hit mai by to meiite
Hehathgx««t XLor to Wynne )>et lif wy]H>ute ende. And {>ou sselt
do ths'dJedof jwyto ])et ine )ni cas me may do J>e dede of spoushod
manisgo withoafc ^j^^te zowne. and he mai habbe grat merite ase to }»e
zaule.
The deed of ])e uoTste cas is huaizue me de)) ^ ilke dede ine
bei^£ss fln*^ wylle uoF to habbe child to send god. uor ine zuiche
tobieuhliiwn ondeistondiuge wes uerst spoushod yzet. J?e ofer cas
to serve Qod. jg . ]^ua^ne fe on yelt to J)e ojre his dette / ]>ajine he
the oiwyieidrtii hit akse)». and ])erto ssel sterie dom : ))et yelt to echen
^u*w^OTiw^ his ri^t huanne he hit akse)) and bit be mou]>e / o}>erbe
"k«*J» it* tokne ase do J Je wyfinen Jet byej> ssamuest zuich Jing
uor to acsL )pe ilke ))et uorzak]i Jane o Jrene ])et acsej :
The one hath %\ zcue^ej.' uor he dej him wiang of his ojene Jinge. uor
b(S*of t^* Je on hej r^t ine Je bodie of fe ojrre. Ac he J)et acsej
****•'• Jet he ssel : he dej> wel and ari^t huanne he hit dej) ine
Jo onderstondinge he ofseruej auoreye gode. uor ri3t
Thirdly, when it ' him dijt Jerto / and nc^t lecheria ]}e Jridde cas is
awaJi^hOTyftom huanne me hit acsejj Ms wyue of Jo dede / uor to loki
"* ''** hire uram zenne. nameliche huanne he yzi3 J Jet hi is
zuo ssamuest / Jet hi nolde neuremo acsi hare Ihorde of
zuiche Jinnge. and ylef J Jet hi ssolde ualle blejeliche
in-to zenne / ojer li^tliche bote yef me hire ne acseda
In this there Is ^^^ f®* ^® J^ onderstoudinge / yelt / o Jer acsej zuiche
nirit ^* "^^^ ^®*'*® * ^® ^® zene}[ej] najt / ac rajre ofseruej auoreye
god. uor pite him sterej Jet to dona Ine Jise Jn cas /
ne is no zenne ine Je dede of spoushod.
^ MS. Mynuae * MS. eene^e^
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OF SIN IN MARRIAGE. 223
Ac ine obre cas me may zene3i/ ofer lijtliche / of er On the other
hftndf one vnt^
dyadliche. and specialliche ine ])ri cas. pe uerste is. dn in three
liuanne me ne zekf ine zuich dede : bote ))e lecherie and xhe first is when
his lost, and ine Jo cas me may zeneji / lijtlicbe / and J^tiSfytaete.^
deadliche. Li3[t]liche / buanne Je lost ne pase]i najt
]7e markes / ne ]>e zetnesses of spoushod. ]>et is to zigge /
huanne be lost is zuo y-led mid scele / bet be ilke bet is Tberintaveniai
'^ ^ / i- r r ifltte temperrte,
ine ])et stat nolde najt f et Jing do : bote me bis wyue.
Ac huanne fe lecherie and Je lost is zuo g7'at ine bis wyue
fet scele \& y-blent / and ase moche wolde do he ine otherwise it u
hire : Jjaj by nere na3t his wyf : ine f et cas Lb J^ Qke
zewne dyadlich. uor zuich lecherie gej) ouer f e markes of
spoushod. buerof god him wre]>ej ofte to zuiche uolke / with eneh sin
and yefj) ojerhuil grat mi3te to Je dyeule ham uor to jy ^^. ^
slea / ase me zay]; of saren' raguelis dojter / {^et wes
yonge tobies wyf. Jjet hedde y-het zeue housboundes /
Jet alle were y-sla3e of Je dyeule : f e uerste ni3t J>et hi
wolden ligge by hire. Jjeruore fe angel zayde to tobyen
bet hise ssolde habbe to wyue. * Ich be wyle zigge' he ThedevUhath
' / . power over those
zayde / * ine huet uolc Je dyeuel he]) my3te/ ine J?an Jet who give them-
doj out god / zuo out of hare harten / and of hare
))03tes. Jet ne yeuej ham na3t / bote to hare lecherie to
uoluelle / ase an hors dej. ojer a mule.' and Jeruore ham
benimj god ojerhuil hare frut / zuo Jet hi ne mo3en
habbe no child. Yet hi mo3e zene3i dyadliche ine
anojre manire. ))et is to wytene / huanne Je on deJ
aye kende / and ojerlaker Janne kende of man acscj /
ne la3e of manage acsej / ne oueryemj. zuich uolk
zene3ej more gratUche / Jawne ojre beuore yzed. Ac Those that in
Jo Jet in hare spoushod lokej Je drede of oure Ihorde / thefcerofour
and lokej klene hare spoushod ase hit is yset zuych
uolk payej god.
J)e bjer cas huer me may zene3y be spoushod / is '^^^H" *^.®'
huanne man geb to his wyue ine time bet he ne ssolde *»<^ " ^ ''**®° •
^ ' "^ -* man goeth to his
naat guo. bet is huanne hi is ine be ziknesse bet wyf- wi&inatime
^ ^. , ^ '^ -^ U»ftt he should
men habbe J communHche. zuo Jet he his na3t ne sparej not go.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC .r^*-
as a horse or a
mole.
224 THE ELEPHANT AND HIS WIFE.
huanne he wot ])et hi is in zuich stat. z&ae^ef gratliche
and uor J^an pet god uorbyet / yet man ne habbe ueli^-
God hath (brud- rede mid Mb wyue. ine zuich stat / and uor be penl of
den this Improper
feiioirBhip. his children. Yor ase z&jf saint gr^orie. ine zuych
m oft*b^t«n stat byej? ofte beyete fe crokede / Je blynde / and J»e
ufaXtoSOTi, mezelfl. J>e dyaue / pe doumbe / Jje ssornede ' / J)e scallede.
dttftc; dumb, Ac ^^^ j^^^^ g^^^ wyfmen ^t habbej o Jere zyknesses in hare
bodie panne hi come]) to manhod ase goutes / and beles.
and o]>re ssrewede eueles. ])eniore pe wifman ssel wel
zigge to hire Ihorde huanne hi ys ine zuych stat / ))et he
abyde. and hi alsuo abyde : ferhuile hi is ine Jje ylke
AIM they shau stat. Alsuo hi ssoUen to-gidere spari uram pe dede of
deed in holy spoushod : ine holy times / ase« ine greate festes and
Krai?a»i8oiemn solemnes / to yeue ham-zelue pe betere god uor to seruL
*'*^* Alsuo in times of uestinge of holy cherche hi ssoUe abide
mndintimeeof mid ]>o dede. nc^t uor]>an J^et hit by zenne zuych j^ing
ed by toe ^urch. to d^ue ine zuiche time, and ine zuiche onderstondinge
me may hit do. Ac o^erhuil hit is ^et me ssel abide /
[sUkebeieinMs.] ]yet me mo^e hit do wy^oute zenne: uor betere^ to habbe
of god J^et me him bit / ase zay^ saynt austin. Alsuo ine
Also when the tune Jet pe wyfinan lyj a chipjdbedde / of er nye) uor
childbed, or ia to childi. he ssel him loki uram pe dede of spoushod /
uor onestete / and uor peril ):et m^te by. Jjeruore Jise
Kinga, ewi^ and kinges / erles / barouns / and ojre Ihordes habbe]? hare
•nch timea their chambren be ham-zelue uram hare wyues ine zuiche
chambers to them* • <i . i
aeives, time. o)>er hi wende]> to yzy hare kasteles / o^r hare
SJ£^ti^ ^f^ stedea and f eruore hi habbef zuo uayre children
tofy^htTe'^ch *^^ ^^ cliene* of bodye. Me uint ine pe hoc f et spekj
&ir chudren. ^f keude of bestes. f et pe elifans nele najt wonye mid
The elephant his wyuc : Jjerhuvle bet hi is mid childe. and man be
wiU not dweU , , , . ,
with his wife sccle ssel bi more antempred p&rme a best, and ^ruore he
child. * ssel more him-zelue ine J>o stat folye / and ine Jo time.
Ac alnewey / ich ne zigge najt Jet yef he de J Je dede
of spoushod ine Jo time be guode cause / and ine guode
onderstondinge / huerof god is demere yef hit is zenne.
^ Looks like taoruedm MS. ' MS. chene
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CHASTITY NECESSARY TO WrOOWHOOD. 225
be bridde cas is / huerine me may kueadlicho zene^i The third case is
, . , 1 . . , , , . , , / when the de«d Is
me nifl spoushod : is. me holy stede. uor me holy stedes done in hoiy
ase ine cherchen fet byej> apropred uor god to bidde and that are set apart
hym seruy. me ne ssel na3t do Je dede of spoushod uor ^^® «»nriooof
worJ?8sipe of J>e stede. And huo pet ine zuyche stede
ne loke^ him najt J>o dede uor to do : he zene^ep uor Je
scele of Je stede Jet godes uless and his blod byej
y-sacred inne. uor zuich J>ing mai by zer^ne in one stede /
and ine one time: pet ne is no zenne ine ojre. J3e^ uerje [i ms. Jht]
stat is of ham pet habbej yby ine spoushod : ac dyaj?
hef to-deld pe on uram pe ojere. And pe ilke f et is
ybleued ine lyue he ssel him loki chastliche ase longe chantity ahaii
ase he is ine pe stat- of wodewehod. Jet is a stat Jet wid^!*^.
zaynte paul prayzej moche / Jet zayj to wodewon. *huo
Jet guod is : he hiw hyealde ine Jet stat. and yef hit
him na^t ne lykej : he him wyui. Vor betere and it is better to
more holy Jing is to wyui : Janne him-zelue heme.* J3e bum.' *"
ilke hem J / Jet to zewne gi*aunte J. Vor he zet his He bumeth that
herte be wylle and be wilninge to Je uere of lecherie.
Ac more hit were worj hiw to wyui / Ja/me himzelue They who ar»
of zuiche uere uorbeme. and Jet is to onderstonde of toremato^dows
ham Jet bye J ine Je stat of simple wodewehod. na3t of ^out"deiS
Jan Jet byej ine Jet stat y-bounde be heste Jet ne moje "^^
najt ham spousy / wyj-oute deadlich zewne / efter Je [Poi. 70. b.]
beheste. Ac alneway yef Je beheste is simple / Jet is ifthebeheetisa
to zigge / huanne hi is do pnueliche / and wyJ-oute / its violation
8ole?nnete. Ja^ hit by zuo Jet ha zene3i dyadliche / Jet an«!!" ' ^""
efter zuych ane beheste him spousej : alneway he may
bleue ine his spoushod / yef Jer ne is non ojer destorb-
inge. Ac he ssel do penonce / uor Je beheste. Ac
huaTine be beheste is solempne / ase be hand of prelat / ifthe behest be
. solemn, as by the
oJer be profession of religion. oJer be holy ordre / Jet handofapre-
me hej onderuonge / ase sudyakne / oJer dyakne / Jer
prest. banne bo* spoushod ne is najt. ac rabre hit be- N 1
, '^ , , / the sin Is deadly.
houej / to dele Jo / Jet me zuiche manyre / comej to- and the marriage
gidere / uor hi ne mo^e najt by soued ine zuych stat. .oived.
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226
THE TURTLE DOVE A PATTERN TO WIDOWS.
Tho turtle doTe
tcflcheth ufl to
keep ihe state of
widowhood.
Three things
belong to this
state.
1. The fellowship
of suspected per-
sons should be
avdded.
St Paul reproves
young widows for
being idle,
and fond of
gossiping in
the houses of
others.
S. God should be
devoutly served,
!
asonereadeth
of Anna, the
good widow who
served Ood In the
temple day and
niffht.
8. Shupnessof
meats by which
lust may be
quenched.
The heart is
drowned in the
water of lusts of
this world.
The clothing of
widows should
be humble.
They should
imitate tho ex-
ample of Judith,
To loki J>et stat of wodewehod / me ssel sterie fe
uorbisne of Je turle. Vor ase zay^ })e hoc / of kende
of bestes. efber )>et |7e turle he]) ylore hare make : hi ne
ssel neuremo / habbe uelajrede / mid ojren. ac alnewaj
hi is one / and be-ulyjt / fe uelajrede of ofren.
Jjri J>inges belongej? moche / to ham J)et byej> ine pe
stat / of wodewehod. \)e uerste is hiwi-zelue kepe / and
pnueliche hi ine his house, najt uor to uoljy fe
uela3redes suspiciouses. Jjerof we habbe]» uorbiane of
ludit / Jjet wes wodewe / and hi wes a uayr wyfman /
of huam me ret ine fe writinge. fet hi hild hare ine
hare boure be-sset mid hare maydenes. Huerof zaynte
panel wyf -nimj Je yonge wyfmen wodewen / fet were
ydele / and bysye to guonne / an to comene / ganglinde /
and to moche spekinde. ac bisset hy ssoUen by ine hare
house / and yeue ham guode workes to done / ase
saynte paul tek]?.
Jje ofer ping is / yeue ham to bidde god* and blej)e-
liche bi at cherche ine deuocion / and ine tyares / ase me
let ine J>q godspelle of saint luc. pet pe ilke guode
wodewe / Jet hette anne / fet hy ne to-delde hire na^t /
uram pe temple, and seruede god nijt / and day. ine
benes and ine uestinges.
)je Jridde ping is / ssarpnes of metes. Vor ase zayj
saint bemard. ]>ys spil]) ine lostes. alsuo ase he spUp ine
pe wetere / Jet zuo longe he may by per onder : )>et he
lyest Jet lif. Non ne may habbe his heaued. Jet is his
herte / longe ine Je wetere / of lostes of Jise wordle /
Jet he ne ssel lyese Jet lyf / Jet is Je grace of Je holy
gost. be huam Je zaule leuej ine god. To Jo stat
belongej : ase lo3e clojinge. najt proud / ne bisiuol / to
Je uorbisne of iudit. Jet let hire uayre robes / and hare
riche agrayjinges / Jo hire Ihord wes dyad, and nom
clojinge of wodewehod / onworj / and I03 / and more
wes tocne of wepinge / and of zorje : Janne of goye. and
of ydele blissa. ]>3ruore Jet hi ledde chastet^ / and hi
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THE PIPTH BOUGH OF CHASTITY. 227
hit wolde loki al hare lif. Hv hire ssredde mid ^e who clothed her-
here / and ueste eche daye. and hi wes uayr / and fasted each day.
yong / riche / and wys / ac guodnease of heite / and
loue of chastet^ : hit hire dede do. And f us Bsel libbe :
^t wyle loki chastet^ ine f o stat. J)ia ia pe uerfe bo^
of fise trawe.
JjE VIPTB BO3 OP CHASTBt6. The flOh bough
of ehoBtlty.
J)e uyfte boj of Jje trawe of chastete : is maydenliod. ^hc fifth bough
and Jjet is J?e uifte stat / of ham yet lokej / and habbejj cimatity la
alneway lokiwge / and byej> ahieway ine wylle / to loki (single iife>.
al hare lyf / hare bodyes yholliche / wy J-oute enye cor-
rupcion / uor Je lone of god. Jjis stat is moche to This state !â–
alowe / nor his dingnet^ / nor his uayrhede / and uor praiaed for ita
his guodnesse. Vor his dignete : nor J?et stat makej> Stl'goSn^
fane fet hit wel loke]) / anlyke to Je angles of heuene / For ita dignity—
ase ziggej? fe haljen. Ac ^s moche habbef J»e maydines state are iike to
more yeame J)e angles, uor Je angles libbej wyfoute *"^
ulesse : ac fe maydines habbe]) ouercominge of hare
ulesse. and hit is grat wonder pet hi loke)) zuich ane
fieblene castel / ase hare fyeble body / aye zuych ane
strangne uend / ase is pe dyeuel of helle / fet alneway The devii is ai-
zecj? ginnes / huerby he may nime ]>ane castel uor to take the castie
robbi J>et tresor of nuddenhod. J)et is pet tresor / treaaureofmid-
huerof oure Ihord / spekj ine his spelle / po he zede. ®"^*^-
Jet ' pe kingriche of heueue / is anlycned / to Je tresor / Christ speaks of
fet 19 y-hed / ine pe uelde.' Jet trezor y-hed ine pe ofthoiwd.
uelde: is maydenhod y-hed ine bodie /bet is ase a Theflewiathe
, . . tody, which
ueld / Jet me ssel erye / mid penonce / and zawe mid should be eared
guode workes. \)ei trezor is anlikned / to Je kingriche and sown with
of heu[e]ne / uor Jet lif of maydines / is anlykned to Je ^^^
line of heuene / Jet is Jet lyf of angles. Huer-of oure
Ihord zayj ine his spelle. Jet ine Je oprisinge / ne ssel
by non spousynge / ase Jer is hyer. ac hi ssollen by ase
Je angles of heuene.
Efterward Jet stat is to praysy / uor his uayrhede. Foritabaaoiy-it
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228
THE BBIOHTNESB OF CHA8TITT.
■tet0Ofi«uth.
Solomon asaoci-
Atei bri^htneH
with chMtlty.
Binlew
ohMUtj ia ikir
and bfiffht abova
oihar vlrtuea.
[I MS. Ukende}
Maidenhood la
the white robe
wherein a apot la
aooner diaoovered
than in any other
cloth.
It ahould be pre-
•enred from fllth,
blood, and Are.
The filth Is the
oovetousneaa of
the world.
None may pleaae
Oodwho Reek
to please the
world, that is,
God's foe.
[a So in MS.]
One sign of
pleaaing the
world ia the
decking of the
body.
[FoL 71. b.]
Faimeaa without
is often gained
by the loss of
purity within.
uor ])et is pe uariste stat pet is ine erpe / madenhod
clenliche yloked. Huerof Salomon z&jp ine bis boc of
wysdome. * 0.* zayj) he / *huet is uayr chastete / kenrede
mid bri^tnesse.' he zet ri3t wel bri3tnesse mid chastete.
nor ]>anne is nayr c[h]astete / and maydenhod / huanne
hi is bri3t be guode line / and oneste. Ase J>e brijt-
nesse of j>Q zowne make}> fane uayre day : alsno J>e
brijtnesse of grace / and of guode line : makej» \fe
maydenhod uayr / and likinde * to god. Huerof saynt
lerome zayf / pet mochel ia uayr and bii^t / to-uore
pe ofre uzrtues / maydenhod. huanne hi is wyjjonte
lac / and wy|)-oute uel}>e of zenne. Vor huo })et is yhol
of bodie / and uoul ine herte : is ase pe berieles yhuited /
})et is uayr wy]>-oute : and wjp-inne nol of stench.
Maydenhod is pe huite robe / huerinne pe spot is uouler
and more yzyenne / psaine in anofer cloj). J>et ssel by
wel yloked uram ]>ri spottes. uram hor. nram blod. an
uiam ver. piae pn spottes be-uele]> moche piB huite
clo]>. pe spot of hor : is pe couaytise of pe wordle / J)et
ne ssel na3t by ine his herte / })e}) wyle queme god ine
pe stat of maydenhod. uor non ne may y-queme god /
and to his yuo / ase z&jp sainte gregorie. And pe Hke
him ssewe)) / ))et he ne is na3t godes vrend : J»et wyle
kueme pe wordle / ))et is godes uend. J?eruore saint
Ion z&yp I ))et * huo J>et wyle by urend to pe woidle : he
ssel by uend to god.' and sainte paul zay)). *yef ich wylle
queme to pe uolke of pe wordle : ichc* ne ssel n«^[t] by
lesu cnstes s^ont.'
tocne / ))et me wyle kueme pe wordle is : pe
agray))inge aboute J)et body, uor non ne wolde neure
mor zeche / uairhede / ne bisihede of robes / ne of
agray}>inge : bote yef he ne wende to by 3^zo3e of pe
uolke. Ac huo ))et wile zeche zuich uayrhede wyJMJute :
he lyest pe uayrhede wy])-inne / huer-by me kuemj) god.
Jjeruore saynt bernard zayJ) to ham J)et zechi)) pe
coustouse robes / and pe uayre agray})inge uor to kueme
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BAD WORDS MAB GOOD MANNERS. 229
J)e wordle/and ham uor to ssewy. *Jje dojtren' lie zayji
* of babilonie / pet is of confusion / zeche}) hire blisse /
and hit ssel wende ham in-to cowfuzion / and to ssama
eurelestinde / bote yef hi ham ne wytie.' *Hi ham Purple dothes
cloJ)ef * he zayj) / * mid pourpre / and mid uayre robes./ often hide a poor
and costuolle / and onder pe uayre robes / is ofte J)et "
inwyt / poure / and naked. And hi hise alijte}) wyp-
oute / mid stones / and mid broches of gold / and of
zeluer. Ac hi bye)) ealde / and uoule / beuore god /
be kueade ))eawes.' Ac saint bemard zayJ) / and spekj)
of ham pet zuo ham ssewej) / ine wykkede onderstond-
inge / and dop more panne h£u« stat acse}). Ac al pe
blisse of pe kinges do3ter of blisse / ase z&jp daui]> / is Aiithejoy of
wy]>-i«ne / ine holy inwyt / and ine uayre mrtues huer dMghte/of bUM
per ne is no couaytise / bote uor to kueme god. And and nndeflied ^ ^
J)os pe spot of pe hore ; ne beuelj) hit najt. °*^^
And pOB me ssel wy tye in ))et stat / uram pe spotte The white robe
of blod. J3et is of J)0}tes / and of ulessliche wylninges. fr^wood,
Huerof saint lorome z&jp. J)et pe ilke maydenhod is SotSS^*****^
sacrefice and ofringe to lesu crist : ))et ne is n^t b^-
smetted ine herte mid kueade jio^tes. ne ine ulesse : of
lecherie. ase himzelf zay^. ']S'a3t ne is wor^ maidenhod Maidenhood of
of bodye : J)er ))et is uelj)e of herte.' Aae ))et frut ne is iiSout^purityof
najt guod / |)aj hit by wel uayr wiJ)-oute / huawne hit is ^**^
uorroted and wermethe.
Efterward he ssel him loki ine ^et stat uram pe The robe must
spotte ))et com)) of pe uere. pet uer ))et zeng)) and theipotofflre.
bern)) ofte pe huyte robe of chastete / and of mayden-
hod : is ble))eliche zigge / ofer to Iheste wordes ))et
moje sterie to zenne. Vor ase z&jp zajmte paul / and
eftzone we hit habbe}) aboue y-zed. ' pe kueade wordes : Bad words mar
amerref pe guode )>eawes.* And ))eruore z&yp senekes. n»*»ner^
* loke pe uram uoule wordes ))et ne bye)) na3t honeste.' theydeetroy
Vor huo ))et him y[e]f|) to uoule wordes hi ham ssolle na3t
ssamie and afrounti / ))et is te zigge / hi lyezef pe
ssame / and ualle)) pe lijtlaker in-to zewna and ))ereuore
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230
MAIDENHOOD A FAIR AND WHITE LILY.
and bum or singe
the soul.
Maidenhood is
like the Ul j, fidr
and white.
8t John the
evangeliat was
the most beloved
diaciple of our
Lord*
[FoL 72. a.]
becaoBeofhls
Maidenhood weU
rooted in Ood's
love^
is preserved frota
temptation.
The flower of
maidenhood hath
sizleavee. -
The first leaf is
holiness and
purity of body.
[}wyouoUinUB.2
The second leaf
is purity of heart.
liuo fet wyle lo^ clenliche ^ane huyte kertel of maden-
hod : him behouef him loki uor to speke / oJ)er to
y-hiere wordes zuyche / huerof he may him heme /
o})er be-zenge. J)e prr'u^ cat bezeng]) ofte his scin / and
zuo ne de]> na^t pe wylde cat. Maydenhod amang ]»
of re UiHuee is anlikned to pe lylye pet is wel uayr and
huyt. Jjeruore oure Ihord zayf ine pe writinge be
salomoTznes mou]>e. ' My lemman is ase ^ lylye amang
pQ fomes.* Oure Ihordes lemman special is yloued /
Jjet loke}) maydenhod. Vor pet is a mrtue huerby zaule
onderuang)^ specialliche more loue / and pe fauour of
oure Ihorde lesu cWst. ]9anne saint Ion pe ewangelist
])et wes mayde / wes amang pQ apostles / pQ meste
belouede of oure Ihorde. and him ssewede oure Ihord pe
meste tokne of louerede / ase hit ssewe)^ ine J^e god-
spelle. And zuo ha wes ycleped amang pe o})re
decip[l]es : pe deciple / })et lesu cWst mest lonede. na^t
uorf an / f et he ne louede wel pe ofre / ac J)ane more
specialliche uor pe maydenhod. Jjis lilye flour lokef his
uayrhede amang pe ]>omes of uondi[n]gges of pe ulesse.
Vor fet uless is ase a donghel / |)et ne carke)) asemoche
ase is of him-zelue / bote })omes / and netlen. ))et hjep
kueade meniynges / ])et ofte prekie)) ])ane gost Ac pe
flour of maydenhod ne he}) hede of ]>o ]>ornes. uor hi is
wel y-roted ine godes loue / ))et hire were}) urom Jje
])omes of uondinge.
j)\s flour hit ssel habbe zix leues / and ptry grayns
of gold aboue wy))inne. j>e uerste lyaf is yholnesse /
and clewnesse of bodye. j)et is to zigge / })et f et body
by y-hol / wy[J)]-oute * uel]>e of lecherie. Vor yef a mayde
were uorlaye be strengfe / and a-ye wyl : hi ne ssolde
najt |)eruore lyese hare maydenhod / ne pe mede of
hare maydenhod. Jjeruore sainte lucie zayde to pe
tiront. * Yef })ou me beuelst aye mi wyl : my chasthede
hit ssel by me y-dobbled / ase to pe coroune of blisse.*
pet o|)er lyaf is clewnesse of herte. Vor ase zay}) saint
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THE MEEKNKSB OF MAIDENHOOD. 231
lerome. "NsLji ne is wor]> to habbe maidenhod of
b odye : Jet hej wyl to by y-spoused. He spekf of Jaix
J)et babbej bebote maidenbod. Vor buo pet bej) be-
bote^maydenbod o]>er cbastet^ to loki / be ssel loki bis
berte cbastlicbe / and clenlicbe. pe fridde lyeaf is The third i«afi«
mildenesse. Vor maydenbod pioud : ne quern]) no]>ing
god. And ])eruoTe zay]> saint bemard. ' Hit is wel uayr
]>ing : yet hep mi[l]dene8se mid maidenbod. and wel
stranglaker kuem}) to god pe iike zaule to bnam mil-
denesse yef|) los to maydenbod. and maydenbod /
UBjiep mildenesse.* Icb dar wel zigge / J»et wy|)oute without meek-
mildenesse / be maydenbod of marie / ne bedde neure of Mary would
11 1111 1 not have been
y-quemd to god. uor wyjK)ute madenbod / we moje by pieMing to Ood.
y-borje : and na^t wy-oute mildenes. pe uerf e lyeaf of The fourth leaf
pe flour of lilye of maydenbod : is drede of god. Vor ood.
j)0 fet hjep zophehe maidines / bi were y-woned to bi
dreduol / and ssamuest and bit nis no wonder : uor
bi bere|) a wel precious tresor ine a wel fyebble net.
psnne pe mayde marie wes alneway by bire-selue / and
bedde greate drede / |)o pe angel ssewede bim to bire.
Ac >e drede of god / is pe tresoriere / Jet / Jet tresor J't^J'J^^
of madenbod lokej / Jet Je dyeuel gje may bit stele, otih^ trearaxyof
uor bi lokej Je gates of Je kastele : buer Jet tresor is
be-sset be gates of be kastele buer maydenbod is: Thegateaoftbe
* o r J trea«uryarethe
bye J Je gates of Je berte. pe ilke gates lokej / Je gates of the
drede of oure Iborde / Jet bi ne by opene to Je viende The fear of ood
be ydele bysybede of zij Je / of byer Je / and of specbe / » that vH^j^uT
ojer of guoinges ine uelajredes suspiciouses. uor bisi- JetiiT*^^*^*
bede is speciallicbe to jzj / and to byre Je ydelnesses
of Je wordle / by byej ofte way to zewne of lecberie.
panne me ret ine Je writinge / Jet lacobbes do3ter /
Jo bi yede muzi uor bysibede uor to ysy Je wymen of
Je contraye buer Jet bi wes. Hi wes y-rauissed of Je [FoI. 7b. b.]
pnnces zone of Je cite / and uorlaye. And Jeruore whowiiipro-
buo bet wyle loki maydenbod biw beboueb mocbe mu«t withdraw
the wlte from idle
wyjdra3e bis wyttes uor to zyenne ydele bisibede. And
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232 TUE PARABLE OF THE TEN VIRGINS.
})et me dep be holy drede of oure Ihorde fet me dret
alday to wnspl J^t ia ^ wyt of ^ uif majdines
buerof oure Ibord lesu crtst spek]) ine bis spelle fo he
Th« Unffdom of ze<le. J^et pe kingricbe of beuene is anlikned to fe ten
to the t«n marlines, buerof \>e vif were wyse. and fe o})re uif were
^t^^i^"^ io\i». He clei)e}) bier-ine fan of J>e kingricbe of
wMi Aeoihen houcne : boly cbercbe. Jwt is bier benejie. buerinne
bye)) guode / and kueade / of foles / and of wyse. ^t
bye)) lemes of boly cbercbe / by fe byleaue of cristen-
Th«flv«wiMftn dora. be vif wyse betokneb bo bet wel lokeb / and
thoM that control , , .« « / ,. , n (\^ .
tb«Avewitaof lede]) ))e vif wyttes of ])e bodie. buerof we haDDe]>
bouore yspeke. J)e vif foles be-tokne)) Jw : pet foUicbe
bis loke)).
TheAfthiemfiB hot vifte leaf is ssarpnesse of Hue. Vor buo bet
"•harpncM
(•iwurity) of wylo wcl loki bis maydenbod : him beboue)) wel wys-
licbo bis uless ouercome / and do onderuot / be
uostingos / be wakiinges / and be benes. Ssa[r]ppne8se
which t» » itronff of liue / 18 Bse a Strang beg nor to loki bane gardin of
h«<lir» Kurniutid' ' -.i-i -l-sj*
iniriheiTRntoitof ))o borto uram kuede bostes. j>et bye)) )>e viendes of
hollo / ))ot by ne moje najt in. pet ne wylne[))] ni^t bote
stele : ))ot tresor of maydenbod. and ]>eruoTe ssel pet
tresor by wol be-«set / and wel y-do op / fet bit ne by
uorlore. uor buo ))et bit lyest : neuie ne ssel bit babbe
ayen. nanmore p&nne pe lompe huanne hi is to-broke /
no may by y-bold.
ThedxthiMfif J)ot zixto leaf is / bleuinge / ))et is stedeuest wyl to
(rLiaJiiiom). loki ))ot me be^ bebote to god. Jeanne saynt austin
"Voliow^thoUinb ^^Y^ ^'^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ maydenbod. and spek)) to may dines /
u«t ilX'ui *^^^^ ^^yf t^^' Vol3«> )>et lamb of nuldenesse / ))ot is
chrbf l^,^^^ cr/st / lokindo uestlicbe / Jet po\i best bebote to
god. do bardilicbe alsuo mocbe ase pe mijt. ^t pe
guodnosse of maydenbod ne spille iiie pe, uor f ou ne
mijt do no Jing buerby bit com)) ayen : yef )k)u bit
licst. aso we pe babbej y-zed uorbysne of pe lompe. And
Btudy v*..«.*.- .1-1 r, 1 11 1 .
»nc«, for It win- samt boniard Jus zayj. Stude Jou to bleue. uor hi
n«lh tho orowii of / v «_ ^ r.
hoasoii. one / wyuj pe coroune of houeno.
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VIRGINITY MUST INCLUDE THE LOVE OF QOD. 233
])ise zix leues beuore yzed uayre)) moche pe lyiye of
maydenliod. ac bit behoue^ ])et ]>is flour babbe wjy
inne pn comes of gold, pet betoknejy ]>ri maneree to
louie god. Vor maydenbod wy]K)ute pe loue of god / vinginity without
,, .A-i«^ m^ j» t !» the love of God
IS ase pe lompe wy^ute oyle. panne pe role maydenes u a hoop without
uor pet bi ne uelden na^t bare lompen mid pe oyle :
weren besset wy}K)ute uram pe bredale. And pe wyse
maydines |>et wel uelden byre lompen of J)e oyle:
yeden in mid pe bredgome to pe bredala
pe |)ri maneres to louie god / ]>et bye]) be-tokned The three gnios
be pe ^ri comes of pe lilye : saynt austin tek]> ]>o be ^ bow to love'
zede pua. Jjou sselt louye god mid al j^ine onderstond- JSh the under-
inge wy))-oute errour. mid ale j)ine wyUe wyjH)ute ^^'Jj""
wy])zigginge. and mid al pine be])encbinge Yryp-onte
uoryetinga Ine zuyebe manyere is szodes anlycbe in meh numner
uolueld ine manne / by pe pn dingnetes |)et mep me pe fbmiied in mm
zaula pet is to wytena ondeistondinge. be^ncbinge. propertieeoftbe
and wyL Huanne J)ise Jri |)inges bye]> wel ydijt to ***^
god ine ]>ri manures / ase z&yp saint austin / panne hjep [Fol ts. a.]
f e J)ri comes of pe lilye wel y-gelt mid pe golde of
cbarit6 f et yeff uayrbede / and guodbede to alle
uirtues. uor wi))-oute )k> golde / no m'Hue ne is be-uore
god. O^erlaker spek|) saynt bemArd of ^e maniere to st Bernaid
louye god. And pua zayj). *0. |»u fet art ensten / loveOod,
lyerne bou |k)u sselt louie god / J)et is lesu cn'st'
Lieme bim to louie/ wyslicbe. zuetelicbe. stran[g]licbe. wi«eiy,§weetiy,
and stedeuestlicbe. Wyslicbe ; J)et J)ou ne by y-stered etedfiistiy.
be none prosperite. Stronglicbe : jwt po\i ne by ouer- benot^movedi^^
come / be none aduerset^. and Jjus is uayr ))et flour of 8[^lJ^"^iiuit
pe lylye of maydenbod / buanne bi is zuycb / ase we JJ^^ not over-
babbej) y-zed. And |)et is pe oJ)er scele buer-by pe stat '^^y-
of madenbod / is mocbe to praysy / pet ia uor his
uayrbede.
pe fridde scele buerby bit is to alowe / is uor his 3^*"J^„1^
guodbede / and uor pe note Jjet j)erof com)). Vor may- ^J*?â„¢*!^.
denbod is a tresor of zuo grat wor)) : |)et bit ne may neet
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234
THB FRUITFULNB88 OF VIRGINITY.
Nothing is
worthj of being
oomparad to the
chaste hmt.
Vligtnlty brings
forth most fruit.
Marriags thlrtj-
fold,
widowhood sixty-
fold,
and Tiiglnity a
hnndrsd-fold.
[i boUmaeli> and
bawre in H8.]
Inmarrisgeons
In widowhood
one shall keep
the ten behests,
and six works of
mercy.
The number
hundred betokoi-
eCh a round num-
ber, and is the
flurestofaU
figures.
It betokeneth the
crown wherewith
the wiie maidens
crowned them-
selves,
[s Originallj the
passage stood
iitxmt were mid
y-orounedj
for they have a
special crown
above the crown
of bliss,
by / be nonen y-zet a pns. peaine pQ writinge zay]).
j)et no fing ne is wor]>i to be ylykned : to ]>e chaste
herte. and is to onderstonde specialliolie : of ^q chaste
maydenhod. uor maidenhod aboue alle o^re states ber]>
yet gratteste frut. po pet bye}) ine spoushod yef hit
loke^ ase hi ssolden : hi habbe]) ^t jyritta^te frut ]9o
pet bye}) in wodewe-hod : habbe}) Jet zixti^te frut po
pet lokej maydenhod : habbe]) pet hondr[ed]a3te frut
Yor zuo zay)) oure Ihord ine his spelle. ])et / })et zed
f et vil into pe gaode londe : fructefide of one half to pe
})ritta3te. of o}>er half to zixtic^te. and of pe pndde
half / to ^ hondiedc^te. J3ise pn nombres of pnttL o£
Ix. and of an hondred : belonge)) ^ to })e Jri states beuore ^
yzed. pe tale of })ritti / }>et is of })Tisi})e ten : belonge)»
to pe stat of spoushod. huer me ssel loki pe ten hestes
ine pe byleaue of pe tr^'nit^. )>e tale of zixti ])et is wel
gratter / ]>et is of zixzi})6 ten. be-longe}) to pe stat of
wodewehod. uor in zuych stat me sse[l] loki']>e ten
hestes. and mid }>an me ssel do pe zix workes of merci /
hueivof we habbe}) aboue y-speke. Ac pe tale of an
hondred })et is pe meste of pe Jri uol-do. nor hi betokne]i
ane rounde figure. }>et is pe uayreste amang alle pe
ofre figures. Vor ase ine pe rounde figure : pe ende
went ayen to his ginninge / and make}) ase ane coroune :
alzuo pe tale of an hondred : ioyne}) }>an ende to pe
ginninge. uor termpe ten : make}) an hondred / ]>et be-
tokne}) pe coroune f et pe wyse maydynes : ham
corounede." And }>a3 hit by zuo fet ine pe stat of
spoushod. and ine pe stat of wodewehod / me may wel
Wynne pe coroune of blisse / and more habbe of merite
auoreye god : fane uele madines. Vor manie pet hjep
ine paradis of ham ))et habbe}) yby ine spoushod / and
ine wodewehod / })et more hjep nier god : ])a;ine manye
maydines. ac alneway habbe)) pe maydines ane speciale
coroune : aboue pe coroune Of bUsse / }>et is pe coroune
to alle pe hal3en. Vor ])et pe maydines habbe}) ane
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THE SIXTH STATE OF CHASTITY. 235
speciale ouercomynge of hare ulesse. uor to uol^y ]>e
lamb of mildenesse / huyder hit ge]> / to huam hi [FoL7s.b.]
hyej) y-epoused. and habbe]? ylete J»e xilessliche forowyiutve
. •! • -1 1 • 1 overcome in an
sposayles / nor to by mid him ate spoeayles euie- eepeciai manner
. . J the Instaofthe
lestinae. Aeah.
t^e tende ^ stat huer me ssel loki chestet^ / is of The iixth atau of
clerkes y-hoded / ase byef su))deaknes / dyaknes / SS^^c^Ae,
prestes / and bissoppes. Alle \>06 byej) y-hyea[l]de to JJieS^S?.. who
loki chastete / nor manye sceles. Veist / uor J)et hod JJjJ^^JJ^jy
J)et hi habbe^ ondenionge / ^t acse)) alle holinesse. fo^many
]?anne ])et sacrement is zuo he) and zuo holy / ^t fo their hood d*.
^t hit onderuonge]) / bye^ ybounde to chastete to loky. neas.
]>et neuremo hi ne moje ham do to spoushod. Efter- seoondij, their
ward uor hare office Jet hi habbej. uor hi bye]> y-dijt. ood^ "*'^*
propreliche to send god ine his temple at his weuede.
and handle^ / and be-takej to hare honden pe )»inges
])»t bye]) y-ha^ed. ase pe uesseles yblissed. ]>e chalis. tohndieaaered
pe copereaus. and pet more is grat J)ing wy^ute com- t^Sj^veaii,
parisoun : >et bodi of oure lorde lesu cmt / Jet j>e ^^^^''*"
prestes, sacrej) / and onderuonge}) / and betake]) o])ren. c**'^*-
Nou hi ssolden paame by wel klene / and wel holy /
uor Jane scele of Je Ihorde to huam hi seruej / pet is
holy / and hatej alle uel])e. panne he zayj ine pe TheScriptme
writinge. * ByeJ holy / uor ich am holy.' uor to zuiche ibriamhoiy.'^'
Ihorde / zuich maina Vor pe scele of pe stede huer hi
seruej / Jet is Je cherche / Jet is holy / and y-haljed
god to seruy. Me uint ine Je writinge / Jet amang Je Among the
. . . pagans the prleats
paenes Je prestes Jet lokeden chastete ine Je temple / obwrve chastity
weren to-deld uram Je ojren / Jet hi ne loren hire * ^
chastete. Mochel ssollen bi more clene wy])-oute com-
parisoun / and more chast Je cnstene prestes / Jet
seruyej ine godes temple / Jet is y-ha^ed / and
apropred cod to serui. Yet eft hi ssoUe by more chriatian prie»te
I , . . r J thonldbefar
clene / and more holy / uor Jet hi serue J at godes more chaste,
borde of his coupe / of his breade / and of his wyne /
[1 So in MS. : read zixte f]
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236
THE GIRDLE OP CHASTITY.
for they â– erve at
God'§Ubl0.
8t Paul ezhorU
ChriitUui UahoiMi
tobe
Thladiastity
WM betokened in
the Old L»w by
theglrdSngof
theloiiu.
The girdle Is
chastity.
Aaron and his
children were
clothed in linen
girdles.
Before the linen
«klrtle" is white
it most be beaten
and washed ;
so must the flesh
bedlMiplinedl^
penance.-
The kirtle must
have above tlie
white girdle of
chastity.
[Fol. 74. a.]
The linen kirtle
betokeneth chast-
ity of heart.
The girdle above
denotes diastity
of body.
and of his mete. Godes table is ]» wyeued. pe coupe
is J)e chalia his bread and his wyn : J)et is his propre
bodi and his propre blod. Mochel ssolle hi ])anne by
dene and holy / fo pet zuiche sendee do]>. ]>anne
eainte paul zayj). hit behoue)) J)et Je bissoppes / and pe
opre ministres of huam he hef y-speke / J)et byef f e
ministres of holy cherche / by chaste.
])is chastet^ wes be-tokned ine pe yealde l^e huer
god het to ham pet ssolden ethe of pe lombe / J)et be-
toknede ^t bodi of lesu cnst / f et hi gerten wel hare
lenden. Jje gerdel huennide pe ministres of holy
cherche / ssolle ham gerde / ope pe lenden : is chastete /
])et wyp-di&^p pe lecherie of hare ulesse. po god het
to aaron / )yet wes prest and bissop / ])et alle his chil-
dren weren ycloJ)ed ine linene kertles / and y-gert
aboue mid huite linene gerdles. Aaron and his chil-
dren / ]>et semeden ine pe tabernacle : be-tokne^ / pe
ministres of holy cherche / |^t ssol by y-cloJ?ed mid
linene kertles / of chastete / ))et is be-tokned be pe
huite ulexe. Vor ase linene kertel er))an hi by^huyte :
uelezi))e him behoue]> J)et he by ybeate / and y-wesse :
And alsuo hit be-houef / J)et uless beate / and wesse /
be dissiplines / and be hardnesses, and ofte wesse his
herte of kueade lostes. and of kueade wylnynges / be
zope ssrifbe / er fan me mo^e habbe fane huite kertel
of chastete. Ac f es kertel ssel habbe fane huyte gerdel
aboue. f et is to zigge / fet chastete ssel bi straytliche
y-loked / and wel wyjHiraje be abstinence [uorberinge] /
ase moche ase scele berf / f et is pe bocle of pe gerdle.
Oferlaker me may zigge /fet pe linene kertel/ be-tokn-
ep chastete of herte. pe gerdel aboue / be-tocnef
chastete of bodie fet ssel wyf draje pe lostes of pe
ulesse uor to loki pe chastete of pe zaule. pia ilke selue
is ous betokned / ine pe aube / and ine pe gerdle aboue /
f et pe ministres of holy cherche dof an / huanne hi
ssoUe semi at godes wyeuede. Vor hi ssolle by chaste
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CLERKS SHOULD OBSERVE CHASTITY. 237
wyjine ine fe herte / and wyf-oute ine bodye. Mochel ▼«nr foaiittiM
is uoul be spot of zewne / and nameliche of lecherie / the minuten of
'^ thschoroh,
ine })e ministres of holy cherche. Vor hi biej) J)e eje
of holy cherche / ase zajp J)e writinge. Vor ase pet
eje let bet body / and him sseweb his way huerby hit for they »ro the
, ,' ,11 .. eyeeofHoly
ssel guo : aLsuo ssolle pe prelas / and pe o))re nunistres church.
of holy cherche ssewy fane way of hel))e to ofren^
])anne alsuo ase \>q spot pet is wel uouler ine pe ejen / Ae the spot it
panne ine of re lemes of pe bodye : alsuo is pe spot of than in"the*<Sher
lecherie more uouler/ and more pe?ilous ine clerkes Botatocherymoro
and ine prelas : pmne ine leawede uolke. Efterward ./ SJ^,JJ^**2J]^
hy hyep pe sseawere of holy cherche / huerine fet in»«wdfoik.
lewede uolk lokef / and nimef uorbysne. Ac huanne
pe sseawere is brijt me zi^f wel fane spot / and fa
uelf e f et is ine f e ssewere. Ac f e ilke fet ine zuich a
ssewere najt^ne lokef / he ne zikf^ najt his ojene spot / (i et^t^p]
ne f et me def mid f e sseawere fet is uoul an dim. Ac
huanne f e ilke sseawere is wel brijt and clene : f anne
may me wel y-zy / and wel y-knawe his spottes. Alzuo
hua?2ne f e prelat is of guode lyue / and of guod los.
f anne he ssel nime uorbisne of guode lyue. Eft^rward^ Preietee ihoaid
hi ssolle by wel klene / and wel holy, uor fet hi for they h«uoir
clenzef / and hal3ef f e of re. Vor ase zayf saynt "*
gregorie. *fe hand fet is uoul / and behorewed / ne
may of remanne uelf e do away/ and fe writinge zayf .-
bet be ilke bet is uoul : ne may nenne obrenne klewsy. hat the foui are
. ^ notabletodeMMe
And fet is to onderstonde : ase moche ase faylef of his othen.
mehte. Vor f e sacrement fet is y-mad be f e ministre /
be f e hand of fe kueade ministre. ne is na3t lesse worf
ine him-zelue / ne lesse mrtuous / ne fe lesse mi^tuol /
uor to haljy ham fet hit onderuongef . Vor yef hit on-
deruongeb be be hand of ane guode ministre. uor be The wtokedneee
, 1 . . , of the minuter
kueadnesse of be ministre / ne apayreb nast be sacre- impidreth not
, ' , 1 , , 1 ^ the virtue of the
ment / ne f e guodnesse. Ac alneway f e kueadnesse of sMnunent.
f e ministre / may anpayri f e of re be kueade uorbysnen.
and f e guodnesse edefie / be uorbisne of guode lyue.
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238
THB SEVENTH STATE OP CHASTITY.
Mbilftora â– hould
Im an •sample of
ehartlty to tlMlr;
The MrMth atato
la the atate or
Thoae who are
dedicated to God
muatalirajiob*
aervechaatUy,
[PoL 74. b.]
for their atato
la one of per*
ftdlOD.
The devil itriraa
moat to tempt
them to Bin,
for he haa greater
J<^ over the &U
of a good and
great man than
over many otherBp
as the flaherman
hath greater Joy
to take a great
flah than a little
))eTaore panne huam ^t hi halyef / and clenseji fe o^
ine ^t hi ministrej^ ye sacremens of holy cherche : hy
68olle by ye more holy / and moie clene / )nnne fe
o^re. Yor yef hi bye)» queade : hi ssoUe by ]>e more
y-harmed / ])anne ye o^ie. )7is is ]>e zixte stat.
huer me ssel loki chastet^ and ]>e nxte Ix^ of Jvise
trawe.
)9e zeuende stat huer me ssel loki chastet^ : is pe
stat of religioun. uor po pet hjep ine ^t stat / habbe)»
to god behote : ]»et hi ssoUe libbe euiemor chasteliche.
And ^ernore hy byej y-hyealde / and y-obliged be
zuych beheste. J>et neuremor hi ne mo3e by spoused /
2e)y])e hi byej> profes. And huo J>et him de|r spousy :
pe spoushod ne ssel by na3t. and ^raoro hi ssoUe do
gieate payne / and grat diligence wel to loki hare
chastete / and uor hare stat / ])et is stat of holy p^ec-
cion. ))et pe more J^et / )>et stat is holy : be zuo moche
is pe zenne pe more / and pe more uouL pe uouler
)»et is pe spot : pe more he is yzyenne ine Jyehuyteiobe.
And huo ]>ef hejest nalp : pe zorer he him bleche)».
And uor to oueroome hire aduersaiie ]^t is ]Fe dieuel /
)»et mest him payne]> uor to uondi and to do ualle ]>o of
religion, and more is gled huanne he his may ouer-
come : ]>a/^ne of eni o]>er stat Yor alsuo ase pe angles
of heuene habbe^ grat glednesse of ane zene3ere
huanne he him repente]» / and de^ penonce uor his
zennes : alsuo pe dyeulen ham gledie^ huanne' hi moje
ouercome / and do ualle in-to zenne ane guodne man.
And pe more })et he is of grat stat / and pe parfiter :
pe more hep he ^e gratter glednesse / huanne he him
may gyly. Ase pe vissere hej more blisse uor to nime
ane gratne vies : pane ane littlene.
Here Ueth »
tale.
One readeth In
the Uvea of the
HyER LT]y A TALE.
Me ret ine Hues of holy uaderes / f et an holy man
^ MS. j^tumne
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HOW A PAGAN BECAME A MONK. 239
tealde / hou he com to by monek / and zede. hou bet ^^7 fethew
he hedde y-by ane payenes zone / fet wes a prest to Je toidhowhebe-
momenettes. And ^o he wes a child : on time he yede Hewasapagui
into J>e temple mid his uader pnueliche. J>er he yze3 w^na^whe
ane gratne dyeuel ^t zet ope ane uyealdinde stole / and JSJJ^^f *° **
al his mayne aboute hi/w. J)er com on of f e pnnces : ^'^'*J!^'*|j^ ^^
and leat to hiwi. bo he hiw aksede be ilke bet zet ine a great devii ait-
'^ ' ' ting on a folding-
J>e stole, huawnes he com, and he ansuerede / fet he rtooi. and au hia
com uram ane londe huer he hedde arered and ymad him.
manye werren / and manye vijtinges / zuo Jet moche cam^andtoidhim
uolk weren ysslaje / and moche blod ))er y-ssed. J>e bushed" J^
mayster hiw acsede ine hou moche time he hedde J)et can«edinsoday§.
y-do. and he ansuerede : *ine britti da^es.' he hiwi zede / «*« master the
" * ^ ' ' devil ordered Mm
*Ine ZUO moche time / best zuo lite y-do ]' J>o he bet to be weii beaten.
,„,, ,.,.„fl In BO
fet ha wer ri3t wel ybeate / and euele y-dra^e. Efter much time he had
fan : com anofer J)et alsuo to him leat ase pe uerste.
be mayster hiw acsede : huawnes ha com. He ansuerede / Another came
^ ^ ' and laid that in
Jet he com uram Je ze. huer he hedde ymad manye ao days he
tempestes. uele ssipes to-broke / and moche uolk peats and ship-
adrey[n]ct. J)e maister acsede ine hou lo«g time, he
ansuerede / *ine tuenti da^es.' He zayde / *Ine zuo He too was re-
' , ^ ^ I bukedforhls
moche time: best zuo lite y-do 1' Efterward com )»e idleness,
bridde. bet ansuerede / bet he com uram ane cite huer a third came and
r T IT , , J related how at a
he hedde y-by at ane bredale / and Jer he hedde arered wedding he had
and y-mad cheastes / and strifs. zuo Jet moche uolk discord, and'
Jer were y-sh^e. and Jer-to : he hedde ysla3e Jane SSiyg^
hosebound& ])e maister hiw acsede hou long time he
zette Jet uor to dona He ansuerede Jet ine ten dajes.
\^ he bet Jet he were wel ybyate. uor Jet he hedde for which he was
zuo longe abide Jet to done: wij-oute more. Ate Satenforbei^"
lasten com an-ojer to-uore Je pnnca and to hiw he ^^^21^ t^re *^
bea3. And he hiw acsede / hua/mes comst Jou. He '»°*® "other,
ansuerede Jet he com uram Je ermitage / huer he who said be came
hedde yby uourti yer uor to uondi ane monek of forni- ag^il^erehe
cacion / Jet is Je zewne of lecherie. and zuo moche ich Jj^j^mi^ing*
habbe y-do Jet ine Jise ny3t ich hrne habbe ouercome / JJ^^^^'^
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240
RELIGION IS LIKE A DESERT.
[Fol. 75. a.]
waa ttltimatoly
mooeasfiil.
The devU ktned
this piinoe, and
placed a crown
on his head and
praised him for
hi^ proweaa.
Thoa we see how
glad the derU ia
when he tomj
cause a man of
reUgion to (Ul
into sin.
Our Lord wait
into the desert U
be tempted.
ReUgion ia a
desert hard and
dry.
Whoso will avoid
lechery, mast
withdraw firaom
thelnatsofthe
He who will take
a castle moat
withdraw the
meat and the
water so as to
starve hia foe.
The oaatle of the
womb may not
withstand the
spirit when it la
starved by tub-
ings and abati-
and y-do him ualle in-to fe zewne. Jjo lliip op J>e
mayster / and him keste / and he-clepte / and dede Je
coroxme ope his heued / an dede him zitte be-zide him-
and to him zede / ^et he hedde grat ^ing y-do / and
grat prowesse. po zayde fe guode man / ^et huaTine
he hedde fet y-hyerd /and f et y-zoje : he po^ie / J)et hit
were grat |>ing to by monek / and be po encheysoim
he becom monek.
Ine J)i8e tale me may ysy / J)et greate glednesse liab-
hef ))e dyeulen hua7?ne hi moje do ualle ane man of re-
ligion in-to zenne. Vor huanne fei a man is y-giio in-
to religion / he is ase J)e ilke pet gej) in-to pe uelde
uor him-zelue / to ui3te wyj) fane dyeueL ])anne
huanne oure Ihord wolde by uonded of fe dyeule : he
yede in-to desert, uor J^e desert of religion : is ueld of
uondinge. Religion is ycleped desert, uor alsuo aso pe
desert is hard and draye / and uer uram alle men :
alsuo ssel by J)e stat of religion hard / and draye be
hardnesse of Hue. fet is a Strang heg aye pe wyckede
bestes. and a Strang armure arye pane uyend. pia is
remedie aye zenne of lecherie. uor huo pet wyle quenche
J)et uer of lecherie ine him-zelue : he ssel wypdiA^e pe
brondes. |>et bye)) pe lostes of pe ulesse / J)et pe guode
religious ssel wyjjdra^e of his ulesse / be uestinges / be
wakiinges / be diciplines. oJ>er o]>erlaker fet uer ne may
najt by y-quenct. Huo f et wyle ane cite o|)er ane castel
nime : he ssel asemoche ase he may / wjpdia^e pe
metes / and |)et weter / uor to asterue his. Vor huanne
pe castel is asterued : he ne may hym hyealde aye his
yuo. Alsuo pe castel of pe wombe f et is pe strengfe of
pe ulesse / ne may him hyealde aye fane gost : fanne he
is asterued be uestinges / and be wyf dra3f es. J>e stat
of religion ssel by zuo yuerred uram pe wordle : Jet pe
ilke fet is ine ]>et stat / ne uele na3t huerof he ssel by
dyead to pe wordle / and libbe to god. ase z&yp zainte
paul. fet alsuo ase pe ilke fet is dyead bodilich / hef
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TBUE POVBRTT IS A TREASURB. 241
ilore alle his bodiliche wyttes / fe zijj^e / fe hyerf e / f e
speche. )»ane zuel^ / ))ane smel / and ye uelinga alsuo
ssel by Je relicioufl zuo dyead ase to be wordle : bet lie The religions
no)>mg ne uele )>et oelonge]) to zenne. )>et he 111036 the world.
zo})liche zigge ^et word / ]>et ])e apostel sainte paul st Pani held the
zayde of him-zelue. *Jje wordle' he zayf *i8 y-cnwefyed h2!eftii, m one
to me : and ich to f e wordle.' he wolde zigge |)et al ^i^orhLIJ-
alsuo ase J)e wordle him hild uor uyl / and uor wlatuol /•*»»' h** ™*^
ase me de^ enne y-honged : alsuo hed he ])e wordle
uor vil / and uor wlatuol / ase me he)> )>ane : ])et is y-
crz^ified o])er anhonged uor his misdede. Alsuo ssel
}ye ilke |)et is ine stat of perfeccion / )>e wor[d]le hatie. He that le in a
))et is to zi^e : ^e couaytise / and ^e kueadnesse of ])e hateth ^cov^
wordle / fet he ne uele na3t be loue and be wyhiinge. JJ^S?'**^**"
zuo fet his conuersacion by al ine heuene. ase z&yp
zainte paul of hi7» / and of ham ]>et bye}) ine stat of
perfeccion. * Oure conuersacioun' he zayb * is ine heuene. «» *»»«»' oonver».
'^ *"^ tlon to in heaven.
uor ))et body is ine J>e erj)e. fe herte is ine heuene be
loue / and be wyhiinge.
Man religious ne ssel nobing wen habbe ine erbe. ^^ ''*• ^-^
, ^ f ThereUgionaman
Ac he ssel maki his hord ine heuene. ase zayb oure ihaii make hie
' hoard in heaven.
Ihord ine his speUe. * Yef J)ou wylt' he zayj> *by parfit :
guo and zele al f et |)0u hest / and yef hit })e poure uor
godes loue / and zuo J)e sselt habbe fin hord ine heuene.'
Mannes hord of religion : ys zoJ)e pouerte J)et comf of JSf T^®/^.
guode wylle / ase zayf an haljen ine J>e lyues of uaderes. *to« poverty,
Vor pouerte is f et menet / huermide me bayf J>e riche imjeth the iting-
doDi of heaven.
of heuene. Hueruore oure Ihord zayj). J)et ]« poure of
sprit bye}) y-blissed. Vor ]>e riche of heuene : is hare.
VorzoJ)e huo J)et is poure of spirit / J)et is of wyUe. He
ne zek)) ine ))ise wordle / ne lostes. ne richesses. no
wor J)ssipes. ac ra])re uoryet al / uor god. And zuo ssel The good reiigi-
do be guode religious / bet wile cliue into be helle of ciimb nnto the
^ ^ o / r r hiU of perfection.
perfeccion. ]?a7ine ]>e angel zayde to lot / f he wes
y-guo out of sodoma *ne trost Je na3t ine |)e stede J)et
f ou hest ylete. ac ywyte ))e ine J)e heUe of perfeccion.*
16
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242
REORBT NOT TRIE WORLD.
br he tratta not
to thi world.
Lot't wife looked
iMok to the bom-
lag city, end wee
changed into an
image of aalt.
Lofswiftbe-
tokeneth thoee
whoee bodiai are
in the dolBten
bat their hearU
In the world.
Th^ have only
the dothing of
religion.
The image of aalt
betokeneth wit
and disoretion.
Gar Lord exhorta
hla diadplea to
remember Lot'a
wife.
He who aeta hand
to the plough and
looketh behind ia
not worthy of
heaven.
Thoee dedicated
to God should
ever have the
eyee of their
[Pol. 76. a.]
Vor huo pet is y-guo out of pe <»»uersacion of fe wordle :
he ne ssel h\m najt trosti / ne hyealde l)e87de fe wordle
be wylle / ne be wllninge. Ac him asoynj ase moche
aso he may / al huet he is ine ])e helle of perfeccion /
and )>er me ssel abide to his hel^e / wyjroute lokinge
ayen. Lottes wyf lokede behinde hire / f e cite ^t
ber[n]de huerout hi wes i-guo. and ]>eTUOTe hi wes
ychonged in-to an ymage of zalt Lottes wyf / be-
tokne|) ham / zepfe fet hi bye|) iguo out of fe woidle /
and bye]> yguo into religion, wende)) ayen be wille and
be wyhiiwge / f et habbe)> hare body ine cloystre / an
zette]> hare herten ine pe wordle. ]}os anlykne}) )ye
ymage of zalt / pet ne he}) bote pe lyknesse of man. and
hit is hard / and chald ase a ston. ALbuo byejr phi
uolk chealde ine ^e lone of god / and hard wy)H>ute
wetnesse of pite : and of deuocion. panne hi ne habbe^
bote ^e clo))inge of hare religion. })e ymage ]>et wes of
zalt / be-tokne|) ine pe writinge : wyt / and discredon.
uor ase ))et zalt je^ smac to J>e mete : alsuo ssel man
habbe wyt. and discrecion ine his dedes / and ine his
wordes. J)e ilke ymage )»anne of zalt ssel y[e]ue wyt /
and onderstondinge / and uorbysne : to ham of religion.
I^et habbe|) uorlete fe wordle / J)et hy ne wende ayen to
)>an ]»et hi habbe^ y-lete. And j^eruore zay]> oure Ihord
in his spelle to his deciples / ]>et him uoljede. 'be]>enche]>
you he zaip of lottes wyuo.* J)et is to zigge / ne loke]>
na3t to J»et ye habbe^ y-lete uor me. f et ye ne lyese fet
lyf of grace and of blisse: Alsuo ase lottes wyf/
uorlyas fet lif of pe bodye / uor J)et hi lokede to J)an /
^et hi hedde y-lete. l)anne oure Ihord z&jp ine his
spelle. pet pe ilke ]>et zet pe hand ape ZU0I3 and loke)»
behinde him : ne is ns^t wor))i to J>e riche of heuen&
Vor alsuo ase pe ilke pe let pe ZU0I3 loke)y alneway
beuore him / uor to lede wel his zuol^ : ALbuo ssel do
he })et zet pe hand to pe ZU0I3 of penonce o]>er of reli-
gion : alneway ssel habbe pe e^en of his herte / ]>et is to
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DBSIRE SPIRITUAL BLBSSIK08. 243
zigge pe onderstondinge and J>e wyl to p&n pet is be-uore : *»«^ directed to
and na^t to ]>an ^et is behynde. ^et is to ]>6 guodes and not to tem- '
eoielestinde ^et ssollen by be-uore ine pe herte. na^t to
pe timliche guodes / ]>et ssoUe by behynde. And ^us
dede zaynte paul J)et zede / f et he hedde uoryete ^et / st Paul aiwaya
]>et wes behinde. ^et wes pe wordle and al pe couaitise derstanding and
J)et pet is / ]>et he ne prayzede na3t / and yede alneway
beuore him. Vor he hedde alneway his onderstondinge
and his wyl to heuene. Ac moche uolk of religion
zetteb be zuob be-uore be oksen. uor uele ber byeb and Many reiigimia
* v # folk aeek twn-
]?et is hire harm ^t more zeche]^ pe timliche ^inges / poni things and
and do|) beuore / J>et ssolde by behynde. pe timliche before tSe^oxan.
guodes beuore: pe eurelestinde. and pe gostliche be-
hynde. Zuyche religious bye^ ine wel grat peril of hare
uorlyezynge. uor hi ne habbe]^ bote pe clo])inge of hare
religion. To ^e uorbysne of zainte paul / ssel pe guode st^ani exhorta
religious / uoryete ^e wordle / and lete his behinde him. "^riaatiii*
and Jje guodes eurelestinde alneway habbe beuore his S^'ihem)^*
ejen. and alneway guo uram m'rtue / to utHue / alhuet and go from
he com]) to pe mont ioye. ]>et is / to j)e helle of blisse untu they oome
eurelestinde. huer he ssel clyerliche izy god. and him ^eriLS^^bUaa.
ssel louie parfitliche. and wor^ssipie euremo. J)et is pe
blissinge huer pe yefj>e of onderstondinge let J>o ))et
loke^ clennesse of herte / and of bodye / ase we habbe^
aboue y-sseawed. And Jjeruore zay]> oure Ihord. J)et
yblissed byeb pe clene of herte. uor hy ssoUe clyerliche "Biaaaedbethe
^ dmn of hearty
ysy god. pe ilke blissinge beginf hyer. uor hi byejj fbrtheyahau
yclenzed of j^iestemesse / of errour to pe onderstond-
inge / and of spottes of zewne / ase to ^e wylle. And
J>eruore hi j-zyep god be byyleaue alijte j oipe br^tnesse They ahau aee
pei eomp of pe jeipe of onderstondinge / huerby me ^y the gift of *
knau]> his sseppere / and al pei belongej) to helj^e of '"^^'•"**°**^-
zaule wyf -oute drede / wyf -oute comparer / wyjH)ute
chancelier. and ine pe byleue of lesu cnst huer hi byej>
zuo to-gidere / and yzet uestliche / pet hi ne mo3e ham
to-dele ; uor dyaf / ne uor torment. And Jjeruore hi
16*
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244 IN HEAVEN ALL IS BEAUTIFUL.
ThepoMorhMrt byef ybliseed / pe clene of herte / ine fise lyue dyad-
mortei lift, lich. uor hi habbe]> pe ejen of hare herten / and pe
onderstondinge of hare wylle / zuo clene / and zuo clyer /
farth«7Beeaod ]>et hi zye3* god / and yleue^ be stronge beleaue / and
«768 of their zikeio. ase z&jp onre Ihord to saint thomas ^e aposteL
*Vor J>et pOTL me best y-zoje : J>ou me best ylened. Ac
]>o ssolle by yblissed : ]>et me ne y-zeje and me yleue]).'
This btoMiiig Ac j^is blissinge ssel by uolueld / ine pe Hue eureleS'
in the UA ever- tinde. huer pe clene of herte ]>et bier ssolle ysy him be
^' byleaue. ac alneway Jjiesterliche. hi ssolle y-zi face wyf
when th^ shitU ^^^^ ' ^ ap^rteliche / ase zay]> zayte paoL pelt is pe
•eeood ftceto biiggujge of angles / and of balden of paradis. J>et yzy
god ine ^e face / yknawe enne god ine pn persones. to
ysy clierliche ine J>o sseaweie huerinne alle J>inges byej>
brijte / mid»]>e lombe / and pe hal3en ham wondrej /
[Foi.76. h.] and haw j-zyep, and nolle ne moje by : him an to lokL
In heaven there Yor ])er is alle iiayrhede / alle zuetnesse / alle gao[d]-
° Jjid nesse. weUe of lif eurelestinde / and al ]>et herte may
'**^*"' wylnj / and of guod desiri. Ac ich zigge lite, nor
ase zay^ pe writinge. ^ ne eje dyeadlich ne may na3t
ysy. ne eaie hihere. ne marines herte Jmnche. pet
god he]) a^ray^ed to his nriendes.' Jeanne sant
wherefore think ansabn zay^. ^Man arere al ]>ine onderstondinge ^er
md^id^how a^ii© / a"! J^ench ase moche ase pe mi^t / huet / and
bUilMrtidJoom- ^^^ moche grat / and hno moche lostuol / is |)et guod /
prdienda au j,et he^ pe loje and fane lost of alle guode. and ni^t
zuych lost / ne zueche blisse / ase me uint ine sseppingea :
ac asemoche more : ase pe sseppere is more ]>a9ine J^e
sseppinges.' Nou zayp he / ^mannes makinge huet
y-zyxt fou foleant uor to zeche diuerse guodes to Jane
zaule and to fine bodye. Loue wel on guod huer byej>
Godb the highest ^Q guodes / and hit is ynoj. f et is him-zelf >et is he3est
M^iTSe ^^ ^^ ^^ huam comef alle pe of re / ase fe streames / of
â– treamsofthe pe welle.' VoTzofe he ssel by wel yblissed zayf saynt
He ie greatly austin / bet wyb-oute none nakede uisage onwri^e ssel
blessed who with ' , . / , , ,, . ,.
his naked visage yzy pe blisse of god. and ssel by y-went me anlicnesse
^ For zjep.
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OF THB VIRTUE OF TBMPBBANCE. 245
of he blisse huer lie ssel ysy god ase he is. huych zi^be ahaUiMGod
Mich as He la.
18 coroune wyjoute ende / and al pe seepe of hal3eiL
pet ssel hj b1 pe guod of man / zAjp huje de saint
uictor. auoreye j^ane man pet he made ine bodye and ine
zaule / uor ]>an )>et man him y-ze3 mid pe e^en of pe
bodie ine his manhode. and pe zaule him jiip ine his
godhede. zuo ]>et he nand zuetnesse / and lost ine his
sseppere wyjj-ine / and wjp-oute / wyjj-inne : ine pe
godhede. wyj^oute : ine pe manhode. fet ssel by pe blisse
of man / bet ssel by his ioye / and his lost / and lif This right shau
; '^ '' •' ' ' be the great Joj
eurelestinde pe ilke yblissede zi^Jye. )>et is pe blissinge of^ereriaBting.
yef hit onderstondeJ> : ]k) Jet lokeJ> clewnesse of herte
and of bodie.
Of pE TBF]?E of WT8D0MB. Of ))E U/RTUB of Of the gift of
, wiadom.
TElfP^KAKCB. AND OF BOBRBTB.
Jje laste yefjje / and pe meste / and J>ehe3este : is pe Theiaatgift and
yef|>e of wysdom. ]>et is a grace ]>et pe holy gost yef|> to wiadom,
pe ccwtewplatiue herte. hnerby he is ynome of pe loue by which the
of god. J>et he na^t ne wylnef / ne ne zei^p oJ>er Jing / with the lore of
pa,nne him to zyenne / and to habbe / ine him uor to
lilfTii / mid him uor to bleue. bis is bet greate of per- TWa la the step
' #- J w * ofperfectlan.
feccion / pe ende of cowtemplacion. pe yeffe of onder-
stondinge huerof we habbe]) aboue yspeke / make]>
knawe god / and pe gostliche piagea ase be zi^pe / and
be simple lokinges. Ac J>e yef|>e of wysdom /makej to ^"^??"^
yuele god / an to y-knawe aae be zuelj. Jeanne wysdom perfcoOy,
ne is o])er Jing / ]>anne knaulechinge smackinde / ]>et is
mid smac and mid grat lost of herte. uor o]>erlaker he
knauf wyn / pe ilke ]>et hit yzi3j> ine a uayr gles. oJ>er- MODeknoweth
laker pe ilke ))et hit dimcp / and tastep / and smacke]>. tasting it.
Ac J>e filosofes yknewen god be writinge / ase be ane The phnoaopheta
ssewere huennne hy lokede?». be skele and be onder- writing, aahy a
stondinge of his mijte. his uayrhede / his wyt. and his ' *
guodnesse / er])an hi y-z^en J>e sseppinges J>et he hej>
ymad zuo greate / zuo uayre / zuo guode / and zuo wel
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246 THE 8TEP8 OF THE LADDER OF PERFECTION.
ndbytiMvoriu y^rdayned. baHoe bi knewen wel be £7^^ and be
of natora^ and taj •' •' ^ ^ j- i j
aatiini raMon, uorbiane / and be simple zi)}^ of ondeistondinge / and
[F0I.77.S.] Qf kendelich skela Ac neuie iia3t ne ynelded / ne
but never b7{ ne lui^te y-uele be melj of ri3te lone / ne by deuoeion.
* ^ ' Alsuo ^r bye]> uele cmtene derkee / and leawede /
^t wel ham yknewe be byleaue / and be wiytinge. Ac
uor ])et hi babbe]> ]>ane zael^ m^ wel y-dijt be zenne
hi ne moje no j^ing yuele muimore ]>a»ne ]w zike uint
Tbe giftoTwis- smak ine Jre gaode mete. ))e yef^ of wysdom / ^t ]>e
^'i bMrt to holy gost zet ine herte / zikerliche uayref / and dense]) /
^^1^ the glue or ^£ jjj^ ueljje of zenne / and areref zuo Jane gost of man :
]>et he him ioinejy to god / be a glu of loue / zuo ^t he
and there he is al on mid god. J)er he him neth. J)er he him noiiase]).
J^J^Jj^^JJJ^^ fer he him uettej. J)er he him loste]>. Jjer he him restej>.
and forgettethau i,gp j^^ Jq^ slepb. bsT he uorvet al his tiaaail / alle his
hialaboonand '^ ^r r " ^ '
deeirea (carnal wylninges ulessliche / and erj^liche / and him zelue /
Jet he him ne bej>engj> of najt : bote of Jet he lonej /
This ia theiaat and bet is (?od onlepiliche. bis is be laste stape / of be
•tepoffehelAddR . . . .
of pei^ction. Iheddie of perfecdon / Jet l£tcob yzej ine his sslepe / Jet
tok Je heuene / hnerby Je angles of onie Ihoide lesu
Theetepeofthia cnst cliue op ; and domL be stapes of bise Iheddre:
hMlderarethe r r w
•eren gifu of the byej Je zetie yefjes of Je holy gost / huerof we habbej
By theae itepa y-speke. Be Jo zeue stapes cliuej Je angles. Jet byeJ
* "** Jo Jet habbej hare herten to henene / Jet ledej lyf of
angle ine erje / be uayiehede / and be elennesse / Jet
habbej hare hertenin heuene be wylnynge. huaf^nehi guoj
foingfroDiTtrtae and profitej mam m7i;ue to mrtue / al huet hi yzyej god
to vlrtiie.
aperteliche and heriej parfitliche. Ac huanne hi byeJ
^Ting reached y-cliue op al to Je laste stape : ojerhml hit behouej guo
step, doim be lojnesse. Vor ase moche ase man is moie
parfit : Je more he is milde / and Je lesse him-zelae
praysej. Jerof me kan zigge : he Jet is mest worj : he
there u a greater him mest lojej. J?a?zne Je guode parfite mann ssel by
need ft>r meekn ce a
and aeif-abaae- ase Jet tiau Jet IS y-karked mid jfrut / Je more hit bouj
to Je grunde. Ine ano Jre manire me may onderstonde /
Jot Je angles yeden doun. uor Je guode men Jet ledeJ
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HEAVEN A GREAT TAVERN. 247
lif of angel an erj^e / be hiie holyhede / hnanne hi byeb R behoTeth thoM
... IwMHiiff the life of
y-chue op to pe ne^este stape of c<wtemplacion / huyder angvison earth
f e jefpe of wyadom Ids let / Jjet is alsuo y-goyned to
god / pet he uoryet al )^t is onder god / be fe greate
Euetnesse fet J>e herte nelj> / ^et is alsuo iroted ine god -
fet he lyest alle ojie lustes. zuo ham behoue]> oJ>erhuyl
guo doun of fise zuetnesse / of Jjise reste / of Jise loste /
mam his znete bryesten of solas, huer god ham dep
zouke ine fe conten^placion to fe workes of pe bysye to de«5Mid to the
lyne / huerof we habbej aboue y-speka huer J>e parfite 1^7 uft.
abide ssoUe / and uor hare note gostlich / and uor
o])ren.
Ano])er scele ^er is / hueruore hit behoueJ> guo doun
of fo ilke zete of contemplacion / huer J>e goet of wisdom
wonej). Vor fe corrupcion of J>e ulesse is zuo grat fet The corruption
J>e gost ne may ine fise line dyeadlich longe bleue / in ^^^*^ ** **
zuo hej stat of contemplacion. ne yuele pe ilke greate â„¢'^^^If*
zuetnesse / ^et pase]; aUe lostes pet me may yuele ine r®"^*" ^ ^ ^^
J)ise wordle / ase Jo wytej> J>et hit habbe]> y-pitoued. tempution.
))eruore pe ayenwyjte of pe ulesse / is zuo heuy / )^t he The flesh drags
6i€k^p fane gost a-doun wylle he / nolle he. and ]>eruore * °^^
pe ilke greate zuetnesse Jet pe herte ccmtemplatif uel]> /
be pe jeipe of wysdome ine J>ise dyadliche lyue. ne is [Poi. n. bj
bote a litel zuelj / huerby me emackep hou god is in this earth the
znete / and zoffce as me tastef and smacky]) ))et wyn. tLteofOodV*
erpoD. me drinc]^ his uolle. Ac huanne me ssel come J^^^J^h^ ghaii
in-to pe greate taueme / huer J>e tonne is be-take. J>et is !J^^^^
ine pe liue eurelestinde. huer ^t god of loue / and of (beaven),
pays / is / of blisse / and of lostes / and of solas / ssel
bi zuo abandones to echen / ]>et alle ssolle by uoUe.
Ase z&jp pe sauter. pet al pe wylninge of pe herte he shau drink us
ssolle be uolueld per, huanne god ssel do come ope his
uiendes ane ulod of pays / ase z&jp pe prophete. huerof for Ood ahau
hi ssoUe by zuo uol dronke / fet hi ssoUe by alle dronke / JSS<toaflood of
of pe greate plenty / Jet is ine Jine house / and his sselt JJJ^i^ici, ^,
do drinke of pe ulode of pine zuetnesse / and of fine »»>«n be drunk.
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248 BOBRIETT 00MB8 OF WI8DOM.
likinge. pet mid ])e is ]^ weUe of lyue. ^t is )pe welle
eurelestinde / )>et alnewaj kaelj * / and hjlj ne may.
^t IB god zelf / pet is welle of line / and sterae ne may.
huerof arist / and gep doun abone alle ]^ hal^en. fet
hjep I and ssolle bi ine paradis / a nlod of blisse / of
lost / and of pais, zno grat / ^t alle Jk) }>et J^erof drinke^ :
Towiiithiibi«M- hi byeb dronke. ]^t is bet pays and be blissinge bet
Ing out "K^n Uta
â– oberij In tiiif Bsel by ine ])e wordle )>et is cominde hire nor to wyne /
^ and habbe / me ssel libbe sobreliche ine ^ise wordle.
ase zay]> saynt austin. Yor non ne dring^ of ])ise
stiemes of pais : ])et ne is dronke of ]^ plente of bliSse :
sobrittf oamflCh J>et ne lokef sobret^. ]>et is ]>e mrtue fet J>e yefjw of
of wifldoDi.
wysdom zet ine herte / aye ^e tomochelhede of glotonye.
Yor wysdom tek]) sobret^ / ase Salomon zayjy. Sobrete
is a traw wel precious, uor hit loke]> ^ hel^e of ^ zaule
oiuttonyprodocM and of ]>e bodie ase zay]> ]>e writinge. Of glotonye of
often dMth. mete and of drinke to moche : come]> uele greate zLk-
nesses. and ofbe ]>e dya^. Yor be to moche drinke and
D«ath wisM ethe : sterfb moche uolk / and be dyab his nimb sodayn-
gluttonasnddenly, . ' . I r J r .
as ens doth the liche / aso me nim]> ]>ane viss by ]>e cheake. ]^t is to
flah I^ fchd ohMk.
zigge / ]>e morsel ine ]>e mou]>e.
]?ise mVtue me ssel loky toppe alle ^inges. nor ]>e
guodes J>et hi dejj to J>an : J>et his wel loke]>. Yerst /
DninktnnaM do- sobrete loke]> be skele / and to ^e onderstondinge hire
fi^edJiS!*"**'*^ uridom / ^et dronkenesse hire be-nymj>. Yor J>e ilke
))et is dronke / is zuo y-nome of wyn : fet he lyest
The drnnkard gtcle / and onderstondinge / and is ase adrayngt ine
loMs hU reuoHi
and the wine wyui. and hua^ne he wen)) drinke ]»et wyn : fet wyn
eth) him. dryng^ him. ))e o])er guod ])et sobrete make]) is j^et hi
deliurej) J^ane man of to noul ])reldom. ]>et is of ]^
The glutton f reldome of |)e wombe. Yor fe glotoun / and fe to
hia beiij, moche nimere of metes : make^ of hare womben hare
god. ase zay^ zaynte pauL Yorzojye moche he him
onworjje^ ; J>et seruej? to ane zuiche nonle Ihorde / ase
ont of which go to his wombc, huerof ne may go out : bote uelbe and
fllUiandatench. , ^ , . , , "^ ° . , . „ , '
stencL Ac sobrete loke]) man me his Ihordssip. uor
> For kuel|>.
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TH£ MOUTH THE GATE OF THE HEABT. 249
be gost 8sel by Ihord ouer pet body, and bet body ssel Th« "pwt thooid
iw lorci OT0V too
eenu to pe goste. )>e ]>ridde guod pet 8obret6 maked uoj,
is pet hi loki pe gate of ]»e castele aye ])aiie ost of pe [FoL n. a.]
dyeule. bet is be moub bet is be mayster gate of be tim month b the
maiitifir-gate of the
castele of pe berte / ]>et pe dyeuel asayle]^ ase mocbe cMtie of the heart.
ase he may. Ac sobret^ him vreip pe gate / ]>et is pe
moup. And huanne pe gate of pe mou]>e is open : pe
gest of ze?me gep in li^liche / and nor na^t he vi^t ayen
pe oj^ie zennes / J»et na^t wyj^halt his tonge. Huo ]>et
he]) piae mrtue: he he]» of his bodye pe Ihoidssip.
AIsuo ase me ouercomb bet hors bi be bridle, sobrete sobriety b nrrt
oaeailed In the
hep pe uerste batayle ine pe ost of u^rtues / and loke^ / hoetof virtnea.
and were]) pe ofre utrtues. )>anne Je dyeuel nondede
nerst / ase be be moube / of oure Ihoide bo he Yam The deru tempted
OCT Loid flrvt by
zede / ])et he ssolde maki of stones bread. Alsuo he the moath.
asaylede ])ane ueiste man be pe mou])e / and him ouer-
conL uor he him openede pe gate of his castele / ])o he
him eonsentede to ^e uondinge. To loki sobrete ous
tek]» / kende. Tmtinge. an alle 8sep])e. kende / ])et
amang pe bestes / man he]) pane leste mou]) be pe
bodie. Efter man to pe o])re lemes y-dobled / ase pe xanhothiome
ejen / [and] earen / ac — ^he ne he]) bote enne mou]). Ine hot he haa only
])et ous tekp kende / ])et me ssel ethe lite / and drinke °
lite, uor kende is mid lite y-payd. and be to moche
of mete / is offce y-ueld doun. J?e writinge ous tek])
sobrete. ine uele manyeres / and be manye uorbysnes /
ase moje ysi / ])0 ])et connep pe writinge onderstonde /
an ])0 ])et jzyep pe lines of haljen. Efterward / alle aii eraato
ssep])es teche]) sobret6. uor ine alle ssepjes / he]) god
yzet r^te mesure / ase zay]) Salomon ine pe holy writ-
inge. Sobrete ne is ober bing banne to loki rhte sobriety b a mean
^ . . between too much
mesure. bet alneway halt pane middel ine to moche : and too utue.
and to lite, be fan f et scele arlijt be grace tek]). Vor
ine bise timliche guodes / ])et / ])et is to moche to
onen : is to lite to ano])ren / and ])et / ])et is to moche
to ane poure manne : to ane riche manne hit were ofte-
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250 Ofi8£BVB MODERATION IN FASTING.
nfea to lite. Ac Bobret^ and tempe^taioe / zet oaernal
Bwnin flMtingv, mesuie. AIsuo ine gostliche guodes : ase ine uestinges /
■obriifcymiMtiM ine wakiinges / ine dissiplines / and ine o]»re dedes of
utrtue / Jet byej> y-do nor god / an uor note of fe
zanle : zet mesure. zujche ase scele acse]). pe ut'rtue
The virtue of of temperance and of 8obiet6. be ilke utrtaes lokeb
iMotiMrTadinau mesuie scoluolle. na^t onlepilicbe ine mete and ine
''^'^^^' drinke: ac in aUe u/rtues. ase zay[f] saynt bemard.
for It modantM ^^^ P^ uiHue zet alle fe );o3te8. alle ])e willes. alle f&
t^^dd^ steriyngee of J>e herte. and aUe >e wyttes of J>e bodye /
of om body. outnime J>e Ihordssip of ii3te scele. ase 2ayJ> tullius fe
wyse. zuo fet a li^te scele be J>e yefje of wysdome /
halt ine pese fe Ihordssip of pe herte / and of j^e bodie.
Themdofaii ft^d ]>et is ])e cnde and pe onderstondinge of alle
SttTlid My^ mrtues pet pe herte and J>et body by wel y-ordayned to
god zuo Jet god onlepiliche by he^ Ihord. ine zuyche
manure Jet al by ine his bojsanmesse al Jet he hej ine
Je regno of hodje and of Je zaula and Jet makej
sobre loue of god. Jet zet of al / Je herte' in-to Je -wiUe
of god. panne zaynt austin zayj. Jet Je ntrtne of
temperance and of sobrete / is alone Jet is yloked to
andiMwithdnwn god y-hollycho wyj-oute comipcioiL and ons wyj-
ihis world. dia^ J uram Je lone of hier beneje. Jet is Je loue of
«' be weU ordained
to God,'
[iv>i.78.e.] jise wordle / Jet trouble J Je herte of man / and hise
zet ine zorje. and him benimj rijtuoUe knaulechinge of
god / and of him-zelue. Alsuo ase me ne zi^J nt^t
The love of God brijtliche ine Je wetere ystered. Ac Je loue of god /
paaoe. ^"^ J«t is wel y-clensod of alle erjliche loue / and of alle
ulessliche willes zet Je herte ine pais. Vor hi him dej
and zet ine his o^ene stede. Jet is ine gode. ]>er he him
restej. Jer he is in pais, ne ne heJ blisse / ne reste :
Oar Lord eidth, ^^*® J^^' Jjanne zayJ oure Ihord ine his spelle. *Jou
tt^ta^*" sselt by ine trauayl ine Jise wordle. ac ine me Jou
world, but to me sselt vinde reste.' And saynt austin zede. *Lhord:
staalt thoa find ^ ''
reet." min herte ne may by ine pais : alhuet hi restej ine
Je.' pe ilke loue ne wext ns^t of erje / ne of mares.
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GHBlfiX A BIQH BOCK. 251
Of J>ise wordlft Ac hy com^ doun of J>e heje roche Thitioveoomtth
_ _ , _ . rt down firom th^
nueroppe m ys yzet and y-mad fe gieate cite of ugh nndc (Jwas
paradis / and pe cite of holi cherche. pet is lesu
crist / ope huam hjef y-eet and ymad uestliche be
guode bileaae. pe stionge casteles. pet hjep fe herten
of guode men« Of Jk) heje roche com]> donn pe welle or this rook
of loue ine herte pet ia wel y-clenzed nor pe lone of pe of iov« intottM
wordle. pe ilke welle is ruo dier and zuo y-zendred / ^^^"^
])et pe herte hire y-knaa]> / and j-ii^p hire zelue and
hire makiere. alsuo ase me jzi^p ine ane nayre welle
wel yzendred ope ])o welle ^e herte reste]> efter pe Oy thmt well tha
trauayl of guode workes / ase we rede]> of lesu cnst after ita labour of
oure Ihord. pet J>o he hedde zuo moche y-guo ]?et he **^ ^^^
wes al weii / he him zette and restede ope pe welle. pe
ilke weUe boue ]>et guode herte / he ]>et him wille
ber3e / him xestep is pe loue of god. pe ilke welle is This weu la awMi
It* -1 ... -11 ... A *nd daUdooi.
zuo zuete and of zuo guod smac : ])et pe like ])et ^rof
dring]> / uoryet alle o]>re zuetnesses and o]>re smakkes.
pe ilke welle ne uel]> na3t ])ane fauc ne pe er^e / ne i^ <> p«re and un-
]>ane merss of piae wordle / and ]>eruore hy is zuete and
of Gfuod smac to drinke. uor ase moche ase be welle â– *>* whoUaome to
® . . ' drink.
jnelp lease of ^e er))e : zuo moche hi is ])o holer and
be betere of to drinke. bet is be welle of wytte and of ^* *■*^ ^•u <>'
' ^ X v wit and of
wysdome. uor J^e ilke fet J^erof dring]> / he knau]> wyt wiadom,
and wnoso
and wysdom and Yel]> / and smacke]^ pe gieate zuet- diinketh therwf
nesse pet ia ine god / and ]>et is )>e he^este wyt of wisdom,
man : wel to knawe his sseppere / and him louie mid
al his herte. Vor wyjwute Jjise filosofie / alle oJ>re
wyttes ys folye.
Zuych wyt zet J>e holy gost ine herte / panne he s^ch wit the
Holy Ghost
him yef)9 ])ane yef^ of wisdom / ]>et is herte of gost- giveih,
liche blisse / and hire adraynk]^ / and make^ him
dronke of holy loua Huet wyt ia pet / |)et pe holy
gost zet in-to pe herte wel y-clenzed : J>et ich habbe andsettethitfai
the hearty
hier be-uore y-ssewed / huer J)et is spek of pe wyttes of
pe zaule / ate ginninge of pe draj^ of uirtne. and ^er-
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252
THE J'IBST STEP OF 60BB1BTY.
to mike it tober,
iiMek,Midpati«iit.
NoM imij UTe in
this world with-
flghttng oTtMupi-
[FoL ?».«.]
TIm good haartk
when It hath
weUftaQgfat,
ntonietoitMlf
asdnetethin
Ckid.
uore icb paci pe ssortlaker. pet gosUiclie W3rt ^et com^
of Btedeuest loue of god. make]) fe herte sobre / and
zofte / and alle j^ingee a-me6ure]> / zuo pet pe herte pet
is ine zuich etat is ine payse / ase hi may by ine ^ise
dyadliche liue. Vor ine J>ifie wordle / non ne may
libbe wy^ute torment / and wjp-ouie zome vi^tinge
of temptacion. Jret god zent ofte uor to uondi his
knyjtes. and uor pan ]^t hi conne nsy of armes of
iiirtue. nor o])erlaker hi ne mo^e by guode kny^tes.
Jeanne me cou);e maky pe tomoymens ine time of pays.
Ac huanne pe guode knyjt bet ouercome ])et tomoy-
ment : he went ayen to his house, per he him resteji
al in eyse. Alsuo de]) pe guode heite huanne hi be])
wel yuo3te and be]» ouercome ]^t tomenoyment of
uondiTtges: ha com]> ayen to him-zelue / and him
reste^ ine god. J>et him eonfoTtep efter J>e trauayl / zuo
]»et he pet uoryet al his trauayL and ne ]>eng]> bote of
god. huer he uint al );et be wilne]>. )>et is ]>et frut J)et
J>e traw of sobret^ ber^ / ]»et com]> of pe yefjw of wys-
dom / ase icb habbe aboue yzed.
or the ate
aobrietjr.
Modarattoo ahaH
beobaervedin
flvethlnga.
1. Set boanda to
thanndentandliig
â– adtobaUaC
Thoaaoraratep
modetstioo who
an.imbdieTei%
lierbythelTxm-
deratandinga.
Of ))e stapes of 60bret£.
Ase ich habbe aboue yssewed / sobret^ ne is oj^er
pisig I bote to loky rijte mesure ine alle j^inges. Ac
specialliche : ine vyf ))inges me ssel loki mesure. J)et
hjep akuo ase zeue stapes huerby wext and profited ))et
traw of 8obret6.
))e uerste stape of sobretd is / ^t me zette mesure in
his onderstondinge. spacialliche to pe articles and to pe
poyns of pe beleaue. J>e ilke ouerge]> mesure / ]>et wyle
zeche kendelich skele / ine ]>an Jret is aboue onderstond-
inge / ase dof pe bougres / and pe misbylefde.* ^t
wyUe]> mesuri pe beleaue be hare onderstondinge. ac hi
ssolden mesuri hire onderstondinge and hare skele 1» pe
mesure of pe beleaue / ]»et god ous he]; y-yeue. And
Salomon zayde to his zOne. * Vayre zone / do in-to Jine
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THE SECOND STEP OP SOBRIETY. 253
wytte mesuie/ bet is to zicse / bet bou ne bi na^t / of mm ahooid not
^ , ^ '/^. ^^. ^ Uorerweentag
zuo ojene vytte / ne najt zuo ypijt in ]>me ouerweninge : and wir-coDfl-
f et J>ou ne flechchi / nor to leue to guod red. and J>et
J>ou ne lete J>in o^ene wyt / uor to bouje to J>e wyser
]>anne ]>oil And specialliclie to ]ye articles of ^e beleaue
me ssel lete his o^ene wirt / and his onderstondinge h« should Mt his
undsrstendins In
flechchi / and zette ine j^reldom of ]ye beleane / ase zay]^ thnadomtoteuen
zayte panl. na^t uor to apeluchier ne zeche kendelich
scele. huer he non ne he]) / ase do]> ])e bysye / o]>er ]>e
malancolien / ]>et bye]) ylich ]>an ])et zekj^ ]>e crammeles
ine ]>e russoles. o])er Jwtn fet zek^ ]>et uel ine ])e aye /
o]>eT ]>ane knotte ine ]>e resse.
)>e ober stape is / bet me zette mesure ine be loste s. setv
'^ ' '^ '^ the lust tnd the
and mid ])e likinge of ]>e wille / ])et me ne him ne aslaky pieeenn of the
na3t to moche ])ane bridel to yeme to lostes of ]>e ulesse /
ne to ]>e couaytise of ]>ise wordle. ])anne ]>e wyse zay]>
ine ]>e writpjnge. * Ne uolje najt he zayj ]>e couaitises ne Fdkm not the
]>e wylninges of ^ine herte / and ]>e miswende to do \i ^ioTheert.
wyl / ]>et ))ou hit ne uoluelle na^t and yeld guod skele.
uor yef ]>ou dest to ^ine herte his wyl : ^ou makest
blisse to ])ine vyendes / ])et bye]> ]>e dyeulen of helle.'
uor alsuo ase ])e ilke ^t make]> blisse to his uo / ayens
huam he ssel ui3te / huanne he him yelt to him ouer-
come. Tef he him yelt ouercome to ]>e dyeule ])et him Consent not to
eoTzsente^ to his euele wylninges. ])eruore zay^ zayte tioas.
peter ])e aposteL * ich you helsny / ]>et ye ase oncou])e /
and pilgnmes / you loki uram wilninges.' J)e ilke fet TreveUersin »
is pilgnm and ine oncou^ contraye / huer byef manye siewetohiwtor
fyeues an robberes ]>et aspie]> ]>e pilgnms /and waytejj [pol to. b.]
])e wayes : ham loke]> moche / ])et hi ne ualle ine ])e
honden of ]>yeues. and ])eng]> hou he may guo zikerliche.
Alle Je guode men ine })ise wordle bye]> oneou])e and ^* ^JjiJJJI^ *"
pilgnms. Hi bye]) oncou])e / uor hi bye]) oute of hare
contraye. f et is paradys. J)et is ^ contraye / and heritage
to guode men. Hi ne bye^ ])enchinde bote uor to Their herttegeb
uoluelle hire iomayes / al huet hi come]) to hare eritage / '•'*^*^
» For zek>.
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254
THS THIRD 8TBP OF 80BRIBTT.
TiMgoodpil-
foodMMkCy,
andpoiaMtlMir
Jouraqr bf liglit
They haw no ter
ortliiev«t,thiitia.
Belief ndlof* of
GodlmdllMm
ari^it.
TlMhMutkIIk»
abird.
â– DdbUabl0to4y
Control thjwiU,
Mono doth the
hone with ft
bridle.
Sobriety la the
bridle.
ObMrre modeim-
tion in words.
fetiBfe cit^ of paradis /^fe gaode pilgn' ms seche^. ase
zsLjp zaynte panL ^tne babbe^ / ne nolle^ babbe Jre eri-
tage bier in fwe wordle. Zujcbe pUgrims fei wille^ gao
zikerlicbe : bi do^ bam ofte ine gaode ueb^iede / and
ine zikeie gnoinge. ))e gnode uelajrede ]iet let zikeriicbe
and gno^ ri^tuollicbe / lb byleaae / and lone, beleane /
let ]»ne way to pilgn'mes. ac lone bis ber^. zno pet pe
way bam greae^ lite / o]>er na^t Hno ^t be]y zaycbe
uela^rede : be ne be^ of J^yues none drede fei waytejy y&
wayes. J)et bye^ dyenlen ^t nhnBp and robbe^ alio
fo I Jret none zoiebe uela^iede ne babbe]>. |)et bye^ ]k>
^t wylle]^ do byere / byre lostes : ]^t bam do^ in-to ^
bonden / and in-to Jre gnnes of ]>e dyeule. Beleaue /
and lone of god. of-balt ))e berte / and bis wy^dra^t
niam queade ^tes / and mam fole * lostes / Jret be ne
eonsentL Alsuo ase me ofbalt ^ne uo3el be ]^ ges /
])et be ne vly to bis wylla )>e berte is ase is ^ no^el
fet wolde vly to bis wylle / and bote by by ofbealde /
be ))e ges of beleaue / and of loue / by nly3j> p«rilous-
licbe / zuo J>et by byre spilf / and ual|) ofte into fe
grines / of J>e uo^elere of belle, f et is J>e dyenel / j)et ne
wylnef / bote to nime fane no3eL Jteruore fe guode
man and Jre wyse / wyj^dra^ef bare wyl / and bare
lostes / and bare ]K>3tes. be temperance and be sobret^
Huerof senekes zayf . ^ yef ]>ou lonest to bi sobie / and
atempre : wyjscore / and wyJ>dK^ fine willes / and zete
ane brydel to fine couaytises.* Vor alsno ase me wyf-
balt f et bors by fe bridle f et bit ne gao na^t to bis
mile : alsao me ssel ofbyealde f e berte be f e briddle of
8obret6 / fet by ne yeue bire najt / to f e "wille ne to fe
cooaytise of fise wordle.
))e fridde stape of sobret^ is / zette and loki mesuie
ine woides. Haerof Salomon zayf. J)et * f e wyse / and
f e wel yto^te / te^wpref / and mesuref bis wordes.' And
saynt leiome zayf. fet *mid neawe wordes / is y-
» MS./ofo
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GOVERN THE MOUTH AND TONGUE. 255
proued numnes lyf.' pet is to zigge. by ^e woides me By woni» miy
may yknawe pe folyes / and pe wyttes of men. Yor wisdom or man be
ase me knau]> Jet zuin be pe tonge / yef hit ys hoL ^^'^
oj^er aboue y-zawe. and feruore zayf pe wyse ine pe
writinge. ]>et * pe wordes of pe wyse hjep y-we^e ine pe
waye.' J)et is to zigge / ]>et pe wyse ssel zuo we3e pe w«i«h thy word
wordes tae pe waye of skele and of discrecion ))et Jer ne discrotion.
by najt to wyjj-nymene. Zome uolk byef / Jet ne mo^e
ham najt hyalde stille / ne na3t h&m loki / Jet hi ne zigge /
by hit zop by hit leazinge. J)et byej ase Je melle wyj-
oute scluse. Jet ahie-way went be Je yemynge of Je
wetere. Vor hi habbej ase uele woides / ase Jer comj
of weter to Je melle. Ac Je wise zette J Je scluse of The wise setteth
discrecion / nor to ofhealde Jet weter of fole wordes. cntiontokeep
and to uele. Jet hi ne guo be Je melle of Je tonge. J)er- fo^u^ tmSH!
uore zayj Je wyse ine Je writinge. *Yzi3 Jet weter CF<>L8o»-]
yeme.' \)et is to zigge : hald Jine wordes ine Je scluse
of discrecion. uor ase zayJ Salomon. ^ Huo Jet let guo
Jet weter to his wille : he is ofte cause of strif / and of
chidinge / and of manie kuedes / Jet come J of kueade nunyeTiieoomeof
tonge.* ase ich habbe be-uore yzed/ine Je chapitele of
uices. huer ich spek of Je zenne of Je tonge. J)eruore
zayJ wel Je wyse ine Je writinge. *do' zayJ he * / Jine
wordes ine waye / and guod bridel ine Jine mouje. and ?*"i!j^[^^
nim hede Jet Jou ne ualle be Jine tonge be-uore Jine thy tongue,
uo : Jet Je asspiej.' An-ojer zayJ. * Do to Jine mouJe / Put » door end
a dore and a loc. and to Jine wordes : a waye and a mouth,
yok.' Huo Jet ne we3 J his wordes ine Je waye of discre-
cion. and ne ofhalt na^t his tonge by Je bridle of skele.
Jet ssel ofhyealde Je tonge of kueade woides. he ualj He who does not
li3tliche ine Je honden of his uon. Jet bye J Je dyeulen / win fcu into the
Jet oueral ous aspiej / and waytej. Huawne Je von / SSTdevii, ^
Jet v^tej aye Jane castel / yef hi vyndej Je gate oppe :
hi guoj in li3tliche. alsuo Je dyeuel Jet ui3t wyj Jane
castel of Je herte / huanne he uint Je gate oppe / Jet ThemouthUthe
_ . _ ffoite of the heart.
is Je mouj / he nimj lijtuche Jane castel. And Jeruore •
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256 BE OARBPUL OF WHAT THOU HBARBST.
zayde daxup ine ^ sautere. * Ich sette gaode lokinge to
bmmod has the be moube aye mine yuo * / bet is be dyeueL pe lokinge
can of Uw moath.
of ^e mou])e / pet is skele and discrecion. J^et examenejy
J)e woides / etpsn. hi guo out ate moj^e. ))is is ]>e vi^t
huerof pe wyse 8pek]> ase ich habbe abone yzed / huer
^^'^"thif iM °^® *^^ ^®^® J^* "word er hit by yzed. And pon saelt
•pokan. ywyte / J>et zopneaae halt fise r^tuolle waye. Vor
zopneaae acorde]) pe ondeistondinge of pe herte: and
fet word of pe mouJ>e / as hit is ine ]>e herte. f)ia waye
ne ssel hongi of ]>is half / ne of yend half / arijthalf ne
B« not afraid to alefthalf. J)et uor none pnn6 loue of man ne of wyf-
■pcak th» tnitb«
man. ne nor timlich note, ne nor hate of o^ren : me
ne ssel lete to zigge zop / huer ^et me ssel / and huanne
and speak not hit is nyed. ne leazinges / ne ualsnesse / me ne ssel
any one. zigge uor nenne man.
Ase me ssel loki mesure ine wordes : alsuo me ssel
^«»iwof what 1q^ mesure ine hyerjje. Vor asewel me may zene^y ine
kuede hyer))e : ase ine kueade speche. Jeanne pe ilke
))et jhjerp ble])eliche missigge o|)ren : ys partiner /
irthoahaareat and uelaje of pe zenne of ]>an Jjet he yherj). Jjet non ne
evil of another, wolde zigge 'blej)eliche kuead of oj^ren / nameliche to-
tboQ art privy to
the Bin of the ^oie greate men / bote yef he ne wende Jjet hit likede
"'â– to hiw J)et hit hjerp. peame an hal3en z&yp, }>et *non
ne ssolde by misziggere : bote fer by an hyerere.' J>er-
uore Salomon z&jp, *pe nor]>ene wynd / to-frauj) pe
raynes / and pe lourinde chiere: pe wordes of pe
T^d^Ii^^ missiggere.' Jjise greate men hi ssolden wel ham loki / fet
they hear. hi hierej) / and Jjet hi leuej). Jjet hi vindef veawe / fet
PUtterereand zojj ham zigge. Ac ulatouTS / and lyejeres / byejj to
- grat cheap ine hare cort pe meste dierjje Jjet is aboute
but few are truth- ham / is of zojjnesso / an of trewjje. and Jjeruore hi byejj
*[Poi.8o.b.3 ofte y-giled. Jjet hi yherejj blejjeliche / and y-leuej)
li^tliche Jjet me ham zayjj and Jjet ham likejj. Senekes
Great men have z&jp, Jjet Jjer ne lackeb to greate Ihordes: bote zojj
jfreau need or *
thoeewho ziggetes. Vor hi habbejj lye3eres / and vlatours : to
the truth. greate cheape. and veawe zoJj ziggeres. Me ssel habbe
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THE WICKED TONGUE IS THE ADDER OP HELL. 25T
pQ earen opene / uor to hyere blejjeliche / f e guodo
wordes / pet hjef worjj to fo help of zaule. and y-Bset : ?^"* ^I^^ ^
to fole wordes / ydele / and queade. J^et mo3e do harm :
and ne moje do guod. Jjeruore Jje wyse zayjj ine J^e
writiwga * Stoppe pine earen mid Jjornes. and ne hyer 2^****â„¢ ^^^
nt^t pe queade tongen.' pe queade tonge : is tonge of
eddro of helle / ]>et pe miaziggeres berej). and enuenime]>
^o ^et his y-herej). Aye zuyche tongen me ssel stoppi
bo yeren mid bomes / mid be drede of oure lorde / that i». with the
., ,.,, ,/ toaroftheLord.
ojjer mid pe jjornes huermide god wes y-corouned / uor
bej^enchinge of his passion : Vor huo |)et he J) drede of ^o"" ^^^ '*»**
god / and be])enchinge of his passion: he nolde na3t notiistontouan
blejjeliche y-hyere pe misziggeres / ne flatours / ne fole
wordes / ne lodliche. In ano|)re manere me may on-
derstonde pia word. * Stoppe J)ine yeren mid jjomes.'
pe poTRea J^et prikiej) / be-toknef harde wordes and
prekiinde / heruore me ssel wyjjnune pe missiggeres /
and maki his stille and ssewy semblont })et me ne hier]>
his najt blejjelicha per is an eddre J)et is y-hote ine Th« mp doMth
latin / aspis. |)et is of zuiche kende / J?et hi stoppe}) fet ^X^Sr^
on eare'mid erpe / and |)et oj^er mid hare tayle / ]>et hi JJI^gJ^^'^ot
ne yhere |)ane charmere. pe ilke eddre ous tek|) a wel **•" "»« chmner
grat wyt / fet we ne hyere na3t J)ane charmere / ))et is Theiiarand
jje lye^ere / and pe flatour. f et ofte be-charmej) Jje riche Siwrmir oiat ono
men. Ac huo bet stoppeb bet on eare mid erbe / and »"^ beware of.
., , V ,, , ,, , ^ HewhortopahU
j^et o])er mid pe tayle : he ne ssolde habbe none hede to ean wui notbe
bi be-charmed of pe dyeule / ne of kucade tongen. futtery;
pe ilke stoppeb bet on eare mid erbe : bet beng]) ]7et he and win think of
/ , . « , 1 -11. the earth from
IS of er])e / and to er))e ssel com& and zuo j^enche his whence he came,
uoulhede and his ziknesse. hueruore he hi7» ssel moche
mildi : and na^t him praysy. J)et o|)er eare stoppi mid
pe tayle / uor to be^enche of pe dya^e / ))et him ssel. a„d of death that
wel astonie. Huo J^et |)U3 cou|)e stoppi his earen : * se^o^n^^'
he nolde y hyere blefeliche zigge / ne record! fing : fet ^fH^^^^fto
ssolde misliki god. and zuo ssolde he by wel ytcTwpred / J^**^**^^**"*°*
* MS. erarm
17
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258 THE FIFTH STEP OF SOBRIETY.
and amesured ine hjerpe and ine Ihestinge. And ^is
is ^e ueT))e stape of sobrete.
Xodmtioo in he uifte stape is / to loki mesure of ssredinge of
fifth ftep of pre^iouse robes / huerof me pase]) mocne mesure / and
ExoeMiBfttim make)? moche ouerdoinges. and )?eruore ^et ouerdede is
grat zenne / and uelezi^ anchesoim to zene ine o)?ren.
whenfora w« )^ruore me ssel ine zujche ^inges lokj mesure. Yor
Sly ui"lS^tor ^^ ^^ ^ "^^^® ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ °^^^® ^y®y agrayj»inge
ouneivM. ^^ ^^^ zenne : oure Ihord ne speke na3t zuo stefliche
ine bis spelle a-ye fe queade licbe / jfei zuo ofte bam
ssrede)? / ase of to zofte bougeren and of to mocbe of
He ii a fool and pns pourpre. 0. mocbe is be fol uorzo)?e / and cbild of
proadofhis wytte / J»et of bis ssredinge is proud. Me ssolde bim
^'******°*' wel byealde fol : ^t were proud to bere Je ssredinge.
J)et ne ssolde by bote a tokne. and a be)?encbinge of pe
ThAWMringof ssame of bis uader / and of bis ojene. pes wone of
doUiM comw of - 111 o
the ftin of our lint Tobes nes yuounde / bote uor J)o zenne of oure -uersto
^'^TfoL 81. a.] uader uor to wry bis confusion / and ouie. Huanne
me yzijj) bere ane byrie. J)et is tokne f et J>er is wyj>ine
Under fUr robes a dyad, alsuo bit y-ualj) ofte/ fet onder )>e uayre
dead eoui. Tobes : is pe zaule dyad be zenne / and namelicbe ine
Natarohas )?an j)et bam gledye)) / and prede]?. Yef fe pokj^^ bim
oo^and ooekT' pretto UOT bis uayre tayle. and pe cog uor bis kombe /
bit ne is no wonder ^et kende bam be)? y-yeue / an
NatnnhaBgiren dob be bare kende. Ac man ober wyfman / bet beb
man no dothea of r ^ t r r
wbichtobeprond. wyt and skele / and wot wel ^et kende ne bej) najt y-
yeue bim fet ilke ssroud / be ne ssel bim najt prede :
of pe ssredinge of bis bodye. ne of J>e quayntises of bis
beuede. )^ruore zay)» pe wyse ine pe writinge. * ne gleda
**• '^'V^ *^ J>e najt ine uayr ssroud* And zaynte paul pxta zay[]>].
adorn themaeWea j^t be wyfiueu bi ssolle bam a^raybi : mid sobrete. bet
with propriety. ... , r* ^ r r
IS to zigge : be mesure / and wy]H)ute ouerdoinge / be
Many poor might p^ stat / )»et J>e wyfmau acaep. Vor zojje ]>et ne is najt
the'SLnb^rof wyJ)-oute ouerdoinge. J)et on wyfinan. ssel babbe uor
w^^!^m\nw, ^^^^ ^^y ^® ^^® y^^ 2^^o uele payre of robes / and
^^"* of diuerse maneres / huerof manye poure mitten by
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THE SIXTH STEP OF SOBRIETY. 269
sostened of ban bet is to moche. Ac yet eft yef lii but they are not
given to the poor,
weren ate ende y-yeue uor godes loue to pe poure : yet but to the dUeo-
hit were zomjjing. ac hi byej) ofbe y-yeue to rybaua fet
is wel grat zenne. ))eruore me ssel loki mesure ine
zuyche ^inge be )7e stat pet pQ persone acse)) ase ich
habbe aboue y-zed.
\>e zixte stape of temperance and of sobrete is / bet Thedxth ecep or
Tempennoe Is
och loki guode mesure ine bis contenonce / and ine bis moderation in
beringe. ))anne seneke zayp. Yef pon art sobre and . ^^^^ i^^ed that
atempred / mm J>ou hede J)et pe steriynges of pine SiiwhSrtufnot
herte ne of J)ine bodye / ne by uoule ne onworjji. Vor *>"^ ^ â– *^-
of pe discordance of pe berte : com)? ^e discordance of
be bodie. Zome ber byeb zuo cbildhedi / and of zuo some are m>
, , . ' . / - , , i. v 1. ij childish that thej
nice manure / pet ni make]) nam-zelue to by nyealde caose themselves
foles. Hit becomj) wel to man of worssipe / and fet is Jj^5^*^ ^^^
ine grat stat / ))et he by wel ordine / and amesured ine Look that thy
alle his dedes / and in alle his zigginges. and of uayre dorad^sothLtiMme
contenonce to-uore alle men / zuo J)et non ne mo3e JJ-'^^pU/^^
nime of him kueade uorbisne / ne ])et he ne by yhealde
uor fol / ne uor child. Vor ase z&jp a grat filosofe.
* child of elde. child of wytte. and child of ^eawes :
hjep al on.' pe writinge zAyp ])et / ))et child of an Theohiidofan
hundred years
hondred year : ssel by acorsed. ]>et is to zigge. )>et pe ahaiibeacearsed*
ilke Jyet he)) uoUe elde / and leue]) ase a child : ssel by atkiyetisch^sh.
acorsed of god. ponne zaynte paul zayde of him-zelue.
* J)o ich wes child : ich dede ase a child, ich Jyojte ase
a child, ac zeppe ich com to elde of uol man r ich
uofrletl alle mine childhedes.' Vor huo bet halt aid Hewhohoidoth
L J 'an old man a
man uor child : he bine halt uor foL And beruore chUd hoideth him
afooL
zayf zaynte pauL * Ne by najt child of wytte. ac ine
queadnesse by lite.' Nou is hit peLtin^ guod ]?ing and
oneste. p^'ofitable / and worJ»sipuol to man an to wyf- ^^"'"JJJJjJ^
man / and nameliche to grat uolk. bet hi loki sceluolle order their con-
' . duct that it be
mesure / ine berynce / ine contenonce / and bet hi by deooroos, proflt-
' JO/ , / / able, and honour-
wel ordyne oueral. and be-uore god / and be-uore pe abi* before God
and man.
uolke. And ))is is pe zixte stape of piae trawe.
17 ♦
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260 THE SEVENTH STEP OF SOBRIETT.
obMrvemoder- Jje zeuend stape IB I to loki mesure ine mete and
atioQ in mest and
drink. ine drinke. Vor ouerdede of mete and of drinke : dej>
moche harm ine bodie and ine zaule. ase ich habbe be-
CToLBLb.] ^Qj^ yzed. ))eraore zayjj oure Ibord ine his spello
Loftd not th« * NimeJ) ye hede / pet youre herten / ne by ygreued /
dni or gluttony ^^ y-chaiged of glotoimie /ne of dronkehede.' Jjet is to
a^^drunken- agge / J>et J)ou ne do ouerdoinge of mete and of drinke.
Sobret^ loke]> mesure ine mete and ine drinke. pet me
OfexoeainrnMs oe maki ouerdoinge. Of pe ouerdoinges Jyet me wes y-
the chaiitor woned to do ine drinke and ine mete / ich habbe yno^
giattoi^u^ yspeke ine pe drajjje of vices huanne fet ich spek of pe
^ lenne of glotunie / to huam pis m'rtue huerof ich habbe
yspeke / zuo is eontrane specialliche. and feruore ich
nello nanmore hyer speke.
Nou best J)ou y-herd pe stapes huerbi Jis traw wext
Moderation u to and notc]?. and yef ]70u wylt ywyte pe ho^ea of pise
Tiriulw. trawe : yzij alle pe oJ)re mrtues / Jet byef y-contynent
ine )>is boc. and fou sselt yuinde oueral pise uiHil
Vor ase ich habbe yzed aboue / and y-ssewed. Jjis
mrtue zet mesure in alle pe uMues. huemore ich
zigge / }>et alle pe ojjre mrtues hjep bo^es of f ise. uor
itbafairtrM, hy hyre ssewej) ine alle pe ofre bojes. J)et traw ber}>
peace of h«art, "^^1 uayr frut. and wel smakinde. Jjet is pais of herte.
He who hath thu ase ich habbe aboue yzed. Vor huo bet heb bise
virtue li Joined to .^ 11^,1^^ .,,, , «
God by charity, uirtue : he hep Jje herte zuo to-deld uram pe loue of Jje
from thi w^i vordle / and zuo y-yoyned to god be charite. Jjet i^
*®^^ charite : loue of god. Vor hi zet alle ofre J>inges ine
andeoheresteth uoryetinge J)et ne byej> na^t ydyjt to god. And ine
eomfort and bliss. 2uyche manyre pe herte hit?! restej) ine god. huer hi
he]? al hire confort. hire blisse / and hire lost. J)et
sochbUsssetteth pasej^ aU© ofre lostes. Zuych comfort / zuych lost / set
thjSS t£iTu" J>e holy gost ine herte J>et is uohnad ine pe mrtue of
Jirt^sSbriety. ^^^^^^ I J>®* corn]? of pe yeffe of wysdome / ase ich
habbe aboue yzed. Vorzojje he J)et zuich pays of herte
mijte habbe / and yuele : he ssolde hi7?i resti ine god /
Jot is pe ende / and pe uoluellinge / and pe sowime of
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TRUE PEACE OF HEART. 261
his wylniTiges. he ssolde bi y-blissed ine f ise wordle /
and ine be obre. uor he ssolde habbe y-wonne be ilke The peaceable are
r T tf T blessed and are
blissinge }>et god behat ine his spelle to ham fet fise caUed God's bom.
ilke pais lokede wyjj-oute brekinge. uor he zayj) J)et hi
byej) yblissed fe paysible. uor hi ssoUe by y-cleped
godes zones. Jjo byejj payzible / Jet zayJ) zaint austin / Those are peace-]
Jet die fe steriinges of fe. herte ordaynej) / and zettej, Jh^om^L^ of '
onder be Ihordssipe of ri^te scele and of be goste. bos t^e heart ty the
^ , ' lordship of reason.
byeJ) arijt y-cleped children / uor hi berej) Je amik-
nesse of hire uader / Jet is Je god of loue and of pais,
aze zayJ zainte paul. and Jarme pays and loue of god / Peace and the lore
-., , _ -' of God make man
IS Jet Jmg Jet mest makej man anlikni to god. and Je uko God.
co»[t]rarie to Je dyeule Jet is godes uo. Efterward /
hi byeJ y-cleped godes zones, uor hi uoljej al hare
uader wel nier bawne eni ober. uor pays / and loue / him
1 , , .... T^A. ^ / Thepcaoeable
uol^e J more nyer : Jawne em o Jer uirtue. Efterward / are called God's
•i.j,, , «,. J J .. sons becanse they
ni doj Je workes of hire uader. uor god ne com in-to do God's works.
Jise wordle / bote to maki pays be-tuene god and man. Selloridto*"***
be-tuene man and angle. be-tue[ne] man and himzelue. ^^aJJ*,^^^'**
)5awne Jo he wes ybore / Je angles zonge uor Jet pays cpoL vl a^]
Jet god hedde y-brojt in-to erje. and Jeruore Jet Je
uolk ne ssolde zeche bote pays. ])eruore JaTzne Jet hi
bye J godes zones / hi byeJ yblissed ine Jise wordle God's sons are
be special grace. Ac Je ilke blissinge ssel by uolmad world by spodai
huawne hi ssolle by ine payzible possession of Je b^ieirbiiseis
eritage of hire uader / Jet is of Je riche of heuene huer P««*ct^ *«
hi ssolle by ilie zikere pays, ine pese uoldo / huer alle
lostes ssolle by uolueld. huer ne may by no kuead /
ne zorie / ne aduersete / ne defaute. ac abundance / where is no sin,
^ ' , 1 -1 . 1 sorrow, or adver-
and plente of alle guode, basse and loye wyj-oute sity,
ende. ))et ssel by pais worjssipuol / lostuol / and everlasting i
eurelestinde. Pais Jet pasej / and ouergej wyt. ase
zayJ zaynte pauL And zejje Jet hi paseJ alle wyttes :
hi pase J alle wordes. Vor herte non ne may Jenche / ^ °JJn ^^{Jf**
ne mannes tonge telle : huet Jing is Jet pais Jet god Rj^nessoftWs
hej behote his urendes. And Jeruore ich ne ssolde by
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262 THE lord's prateb and belief.
Wherefore I were bote a wlaffere ne zigge ping to fe uolle. And ])eruore
•ttomptuxie- ich nelle non more zigge. ac hier ich wille endi mine
j^be Uto the jj^^jj^ j^ ^ ^j^g^ ^^ ^^^ jj^^j^^ I ^ j^^j^ |jy ^3
wor^ssipe. pet ous lete wonie ine liis uelajrede / huer
is lif eurelestinde.
t^M^ **""* J)i8 boc is ycome to J)e ende :
May God his bUee Heuene blisse god ous zende. Amen.
OB lend!
This book ifl Kou ich wille bet ye ywyte hou hit is y-went :
written in the , . . ., ,. ^,
Engibh oTKent Jet J)i8 boc IS y-WTito mid engliss of kent.
ihtiim end "* ^ J)is boc is y-mad uor lewede men /
tokelS^htTn from ^^r uador / and uor moder / cmd uor of er ken /
^^e^Xbe ^*°^ ^^^ ^ ^^® '^^"^ ^^® manyere zen /
ThJtuth' r* ^^ ^^® ^^^ inwy ttte ne bleue no uoul wen.
name •ignifies « Huo ase god ' is his name yzed /
*Whoa8 0od,' #
and n^7 God pet pis boc made god him yeue )?et bread /
bmd ofangeie of angles of heueue and ]>erto his red /
Kwi when dead. *^^ onderuonge his zaule huanne Jet he is dyad.
^"^ Amen.
K.D. This book
waaflniBhedin Ymende. bet bis boc is uolueld ine be eue of be
theEveofthe , , ,0. -, 1 » \ ^
Hoij Apoeties holy apostles Symon an ludas / of ane bro)>er of pe
by'a^Sotherof cloystre of sanynt austin of Canterberi / Ine pe yoare
A^SS^'^ ofourelhordesberinge. 1340.
bury, in the year
ofoarLordlSiO.
[pat*rno#«<r.] Vader oure fet art ine heuenes / y-haljed by J)i
wtta*h**v"*"L. ^*°^®- cominde Jji riche. y-worfe J)i wil / ase ine
heuene : and ine er])e. bread oure echedayes : yef ous
to day. and uorlet ous oure yeldinges : ase and we uop-
letej) oure yelderes. and ne ous led najt : in-to uond-
inge. ac vri ous uram queade. zuo by hit.
Cane Maria] Hayl Marie / of Jjonke uoL Ihord by mid f e. y-
HaiiMnry! tligscd povL iue wymmeu. and y-blissed J>et ouet of
pine wombe. zuo by hit.
[creda] Ich Icuc ine god / uador almijti. makore of heuene /
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HOW TO SHAKE AWAY HEAVINESS. 263
and of erbe. And ine ieau cnst / his zone on-lepi / i baiteve iii God
the Father Al-
oure Ihord. Jjet y-kend is / of Je holy gost. y-bore of mighty, vaker of
Marie Mayde. y-pyned onder pouns pilate. y-nayled a hS^J^jmu/* '
rode. dyad, and be-bered. yede doun to helle. Jane ^^^^'^^
]>ridde day a-ros uram Je dyade. Stea3 to heuenes.
zit ekpe ri3t half of god fe uader al-mi^tL )>anne8 to
comene he is / to deme be quike / and be dyade. Ich i ^w«^« *» *»»•
y-leue ine J)e holy gos^ holy cherche generaUiche.
Mennesse of hal^en. Leanesse of zennes. of ulesse
arizinge. and lyf eurelestinde. zuo by hyt. ^^ ^ i, ^
Uor to sseawy J>e lokynge of man wyj)-inne, JjeDyche JJ^ heSnewe /
ane uorbysne / oure Ihord ihe^u crist zay b. * bis uorzobe •«<* ^rede : and
^ I 'if • ' \xs% wende / into
ywytejj. J)et yef })e uader of J)e house wyste huyche loueofgod.]
time ])e )>yef Were comynde : uor-zo])e he wolde waky / um hoiue knew^ a
and nolde najt ^lye ^t me dolue his hous.' Be J>ise h^^J^rJSSh*
uader of house me may onderstonde / Jje wyl of skele. "><ik«»^*»*»
to huam be-longeb moche mayn6. boates. and his The Father of the
^ ^ •' * ^ houseiithewm
besteriinge. wyt. and dedes / ase wel wyb-oute: ase ofR8aK)n,that
I, , , , , hath many at-
wyJMnne. j^et is to zigge / huych mayne / to moche tendanta, aa
slac / and wylles uol ssel by : bote yef ])e ilke uaderes emouona, senae,
stefhede hise strayny / and ordayny. Vor zojw yef he Thet>rvaiita wiu
hym a lyte of his bysyhede wyjj-dra^jj : huo may zigge / ^/^{JJ JJ***"
hou bojtes. e^en. earenr tonge. and alle oJ>re wyttes : "cti^®-
If the reason la
become^ wylde. Hous. is inwyt / in huychen |)e idle, the thoughta,
uader of house wonej). ]jo hord of uirtues gaderej). Vor teoomo wild,
huych hord : Jjet ilke zelue hous ne by y-dolue / S!JriJ| o^piwt*
he3lyche he wakef. J)er ne is na3t on Jjyef : «5 uele. ac ^aJ^^'not
to eche mrtue : ech vice waytej). J}a3les he3lyche by ^one^thiefbut-
J)e J)yeue: is onderstonde J)e dyeueL a-ye huam and his ThecWeftwefia
tne JLievii, tiie reet
kachereles / ])e ilke zelue uader / J7a3les yef he ne were arehi>catchpoiea.
na5t onlosti : his hous mid greats strengjje wolde loky.
\^ uader of ]>e house / ate uerste guoinge in : he zette The Father of the
sle3)}e / to by doreward. ])et y-knauj) huet is to uorlete : sieightf^dence)
and huet ys to wylny, huet uor to bessette out of J)e Sep^. **^
house, huet uor to onderuonge into f e house. Nixt stolgUi*^^"*
fan : ha zette strengj>e. J>et f e vyendes / Jet sle3j)e zent ^pTOrtPrSdiice.
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264 PRUDENCE THE SOUL's DOOB-KEEPKR.
^ zygge / to keste out: strengfe wyjjdroje. fet his
SeiilSv^ ^^^« !««*«« wy^roje: and wy>.zede. Ri3tne88e
toTOchiuown uorzoj)0 ssel zitte amyddo / J>et eclien his ojen yef)j.
At what tim« the Hueruore : huyche time be byef is comynde / me not
thief will oomo "^ r TJ J /
one knoweth not. ac eche tyme me ssel drede. Jjise zuo y-di^t : na3t longe
to j)e wakynde pe slep of zenne benymj). Vor al pet
Sleight leu eome lyf is to waky. Zome messttgyers slej))e ssel lete in.
give warning. Jet zome Jinges mo3e telle /|bet me may a-waki myde.
Tiw messenger of Jjus pe messagyer of dya^ acsej) inguoynge ; he is on-
au entrance, deruonffe. Me liim acseb ' huo he vs. hoannes he coipb.
and claims a ' . " '
dead Biience, and huet he hep yso^e.' He ansuerejy. he ne may najt
"I am Dread, and ^igge : hoto ycf J>er by he3liche clom. Hiiych y-
D^^who u graunted : Jjiis he begynf . * Ich am drede / and be-
coming upon Jjenchinge of dyaj)e. and dyaj comyde:^ ich do you to ,
[' c<mvnde/} wytone.* Sle3f spec)) uor alle. and acse]?. * And huer
••Where" Death? ^ ^^^ J® ^® ^y^J^- ^^^ huanne ssel he come]' Drede
whra shau he ^oyp, * Ich wot wel J)et he ne abyt na3t to comene / and
^^rr'^' nye3 he is. ac J)ane day / ojer J>ane tyme of his
but is nigh at comynge : ich not.' Sle3j)e zayj). * And huo ssel come
and a thousand myd hyTol' Drede zayjj. 'A Jjouzend dyeulen ssolle
with her. come mid hire, and brenge mid ham / greate bokes /
andjwring great ^^^ bcmynde hokes / and chaynen auere/ Sle3j)c zayj>.
aSfliyrtSS. *^^^ ^^^^* wyllej) hy do mid alle JjanT Drede zay)).
In the books are ' lue J>e bokcs byej) y-write alle pe zewnen of men- and
written men's i--. ./.,ii -, . t*
•ins. hise brengej) / f et be ham hi mo3e ouercome men. of
huychen pe zcnnes J>erinno byej> ywryte. fet byef to
The hooks draw hare ri3te. Hokes hi brenge)) / f et J)o J>et byej> to hare
the bodies. ri3te oucrcomej) : hire zaulen be strengfe : of pe bodye
chains aro they dra3e)> out. and hise byndejj mid pe chaines / and in
inuTheu!" "^^^ ^ telle hiso dra3ej).' Sle3j>e zayJ). * Huannes comste ?
[Foi. 88. a,] Drede zayj>. * Vram helle. Ble^pe zayj>. * And huet is
comes fhim hell, helle. and huet jse^epe ine helle 1 ' Drede zayf. * Helle
ruwWy^JldT^ ^ wyd / wyf-oute metinge. dyep / wyJ)-oute botme.
^^0?^â„¢ intoicr. ^^1 ^^ ^^^0 on-folyinde. Vol of stenche / wy-oute
row'aiidd^k^'^ c^77ipari80un. J?er is zor30. per is fyesternesse. for ne is
non ordre. Jjer is groniynge wyJ)-oute ende. pev ne is
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THE TORMENTS OF HELL-FAIN. 265
non hope of guode. non wantrokiynge of kueade. Ech ^•I[*J""^'***p*
Jjet J)erinne is: hate)? him zelue: and alle ojren. J)er •buiidanceofuia.
ich yze3 alle manyere tormens. J)e leste of alle / is more
Jeanne alle J>e pynen J)et moje by y-do ine f ise wordle.
J)er is wop. and grindinge of tef. J)er me gej> uram Thereto weeping
chele in to greate hete of uere. and huoJ)e onjjolyinde. teeth.
here alle be uere / ssoUe by uorbemd. and myd The eoui ehau be
' / n • tormented by the
wermes ssolle by y-wasted / and na^t ne ssolle wasti. wonnofcon-
Hire wermes / ne ssolle na3t sterue. and hare ver ne
ssel neure by ykuenct. No rearde ne ssel J)er by y-
hyerd / bote, wo: wo. wo hy habbef : and wo hy
gredejj. J3e dyeules tormentors pynejj. and to-gydere
hy byej) y-pyned. ne nenre ne ssel by ende of pyne :
ober reste. bellich is helle / an a boosend zybe woise. Heii to even worse
A J V • V • V n / J u J -u thanallthlebj
And ^is ich yze3 ine helle / and a J^ousendzi^e more a thoueuid timee.
worse. ))is ich com uor to zygge you.' Sle^J^e zayj>, * God Prodence uys,
wet ssolle we do. Nou brojjren and zostren y-hyrej) ehauwedo?"
my red. and yuej) youre. Byef sleje. an wake J? ine Be wetchftxi
youre bedes / porueynde guodes. na3t onlyche beuore *° ^™^"^ *'
gode : ac be-uore alle men.' >J)olemodness zayj>. * Do «^*"?(JS^'
we to worke godes nebsseft / ine ssrifte / and ine MkeneseinBhrja
*=• ' ' andinpealma."
zalmes: glede we hym- byej) sobre / and wakyef /
uor youre uo J)e dyuel / ase fe lyoun brayinde gej)
aboute ban: bet he wyle uor-zuehe.* Strengbe zayb. strength aays,
, , . , , -r. , f ".withstand the
* Wyjjstondef hym : stronge me byleaue. Byejj glede devu by beuef.
ine god. CloJ^e]? you mid godes armes. ])e hauberk of aothe yon with
ryjt. J)ane sseld of beleaue. nymej fane helm of helf e.
and fe holy gostes zuord : Jet is godes word.' Ry3[t]nesse Equity nys,
** Live Boberly,**
zayf. *Lybbe we sobrehche. ryuollyche an bonayrelyche.
Sobrelyche : ine ous zelue. ry3tuollyche : to oure
emcristen. bonayrelyche : to god. J>et we nollej) J)et me
do to ous zelue : ne do we hyt na3t to oJ)ren. and ])et
we wylle)} )wt me do to ous zellue: do we hit to ojre pmdencesayB,
men. and uor zof e Jjet is ri3t.' Sle3j>e zayj). * J)er is g^, .waito'tS^
anojjer wy>-oute fe gates uayr. and gled. hit >ingjj fe he ^';taXy^X
bre[n]gjigledne8se.' Ry3[t]ne66ezayf. *onderuongeJ>hym. w<»»^ed.
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266
TUK SOUL B MESSENGERS.
The
ent«n and tayn
that he Is ' Love
of everlasting life.'
HeaakaforaUenoe
and peace.
Eqnity saye that
his demand is
JttBt.
Thei
â– aye that he
comes from
heaven.
and that he has
seen Ood as in a
mirror.
[FoL 83. b.]
"IsawtheinefBible
and indivisible
miO^^y of the
Holy Trinity :
tlieliffht therefrom
daasxles tlie eyes,
andsnrpossethall
I saw Clirist on
God's light hand.
and He bears the
wounds and
tokens of his
passion in hie
body.
Next to Christ
I saw the Virgin
Mary,
[IgodesPor
»?]
who woe Inter*
ceding fur na.
be cas he ous ssel gledye. uor J^es ilke uerste: grat-
lyche he ous hef y-mad of-dret.' Sle3)» zayj) to fe messsr
gere. 'Quo in. and huo pan art and huannes fon
comst and huet pon hest yzo^e : zay ous.' pe mes-
sagyr zayf. *Ich am loue of lyue eurelesfcynde. an
wylnynge of J>e contraye of heuene. Yef yo me wyllej)
y-here : habbej) amang you. clom / and reste. Najt
uor zofe amang gredynges and noyses : ych ne may. by
yherd.' Ri3[t]uobiesse zayf . * Yef we longe godes diede /
and be-))enchinge of dya)?e were stille : ly^t hit is / fet
J»e spekinde / wel more we by stille.* Wylningge of J>e
lyue wyJ)-oute ende / zayj). * ]7eruore byef stille / and
yherejj myd wylle. Ich come uram heuene. and
Jyelliche ])inges ich y-ze3 ^er. |»et no man ne may
dyngneliche zigge. p&^ea zomjyng ich wylle zigge :
ase ich may. Ich yzej god. ac be ane sseawere ine
ssede.*
^ Ich yzej pe ilke onspekynde / an on-todelinde
mageste of J)e holy tiinyt^. be-gynnynge / ne ende ne
hep. Ac and ly^t ]?eivinne wone]) / pet me ne may ni^t
come to. Vram J»o ly^te byef y-poraae mine ejen / and
pe zy^pe fyester. Hyt oueigeJ> uorzoJ>e alle wyttes /
and alle zyj^es. pe ilke bTy3[t]nesse. and pe ilke uolnesse.
J)a3le8 a lytel ich yze3 oure Ihord iesu crist / ine ri3t
half zittinde. ])et id to zygge : ine pe lyue wy]H)ute ende
regnynde. J)fi^ he ouer alle ssepf es by zuo uayr : ^t
ine him wylnej> pe angles to zyenne. Yet nou pe
wounden and ^e toknen of pe passion he he]) ine his
bodye. huermyde he ous bo3te. be-uore pe uader uor ous
stant uor to bydde. Ich y-ze3 nyxt iesu crist pe ilke
blisfolle mayde / and moder pe ilke zodes' / and oure
Ihordes iesu cristes / myd alle worJ)8sipe and reuerence /
y-nemned marie / ine Je wonderuoUe trone zittynde /
aboue alle pe holy ordres of angles / and of men : an-
he3ed. hire zone iesus uor ous byddinde. and to huam
hi is nol of merci. Ac pe ilke wonderuolle mageste /
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THE VIHGIN MARY INTERCEDES FOR MAN. 267
and pQ bri^tnesse oife moder / and of ])e zone : ich. ne
my^te najt longo J>olye / ich wente myne zijjje uor to SjStoTelrZ
yzi / Jje ilke holy ordres of J)e gostes : fet stondej) bo- of bii«fai»i»irito.
uore god. of huichen )>e euielestinde holynesse of fe
zi^pQ of god / an of ]?e lone, ne hit ne ssel lessi : ne hit
ne ssel endi / ac eure wexe and blefj). Ac na^t ]>e ilke
degrez / and dingnotes / heiyinges alsuo / huyche hyre
makyere hy here]? no man uoUyche ]>enche / ne na3t ne
may by ynoj to telle. Jjerefter pe profetes ich y-zej. Thereafter i««w
and pe patnarkes wonderlyche glediynde ine blisse. uor iMtrtorchs
pet hy yzejen ine goste : uolueld hy yzep, J}et ine longe
anoy onderuynge / J>et ouet of blysse wyjK)ute ende
chongeden. Ich y-ze^ pe apostles ine tronen zittynde. ondtheapoeUes
pQ tribj / and pe tongen / alle preete. and of poure / ■**^««»**^<>~»^
and of zyke : zuo blisuolle and holy / of ouie Ihord iesu
crist / and zuo he3e / yno^ alneway ich am wondrinde.
Ich y-zej / ac uoUyche ich ne my[3]te al yzy / J>e innumer- i w **>« !«»«-
able uek^rede of pe holy martires / mid blisse and ahipofthehoiT
worf ssipe / y-corouned. J)et be pe pinen of J>ise tima/
huyche hi beren to ]>o blisse / ))et wes ysseawed ine
ham: hy come Jerto. Hyre holynesse / and hyre
blysse; long time, ich- me lykede. Ich yzei to be laawtheWeawd
/ ® "^ , / heapofconfeMore
blyssede heape of confessours. amang huam / men a&dteachenof «
apostles / and techeres / J)et holy cherche mid hare " ^
techinge wereden. and alsuo uram alle heresy e / wy [J)]-oute
wem habbe]) yclenzed : sseawe]?. and hy uele habbe])
y-tajt. ssyne}) ase sterren / ine euiolestynde wy[J»]-oute
ende. ]?er hjep Monekes ])et uor claustres / and uor Therewere monks
ml m tiiAt ehlne clearer
strayte cellen. wel moche / an clyerer Jeanne pe zonne : than the eon.
habbej> wonyinges. Vor blake and uor harde kortles /
huyter ^ane pe snaw. and of alle zofthedo / and
nesshede / clo])inge habbej) an. Yram hare e^en / god
wypef alle tyeres. and p&ne kyng hy ssoUe ysy ine hys
uayrhede. Alast / to J)e uel^rede of maydynes ich ^^^^ i gaw th
lokede. of huychen / blysse / ssepj»e / agrayj>inge / and fellowship of
melodya. huyche none mannes speche : dingnelyche
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26S THE GREAT JOTS OF HKAVEN.
Mid heard their maj telle. And hy zonge |)ane zang : })et non o))er ne
' ***"** may zynge. Ac and fe zuete smel ine hare regyon /
zuo zuete ys : fei alle manyre zuete smellee ouercom)?.
[Foi. u. a.] And to hare benes : ouie Ihord arist to alle oj^ren :
Sleight Inquire* zittinde he Ihest' Sle3]ye zay)}. ' Hyt lykej) fet Jk)u
oonoeraingthe zayst Ac uor of echen of pe holy ordres / wondies
lifeofthehieeeed. p^^ ^^^ ^ ^^ . ^^ byddej) Jet fou zigge 0U8 / huet is
hare dede in mennesse / and huet is pe conueis[ac]ion of
uela^rede : zay ous.' ))e wylny[njgge of f e lyue wyJ>-oute
He u told that ©iide zayj). * Vor zo])e ich wylle zygge. J)e dede of alle
JovfJ^^rf^*^* ine mennesse / ys zeueuald. Hy lybbejj. hy smackef.
p«i«^a« ewift, j^y iovLye\>. hy byej> glede. hy heryej>. hy bye]? zuyfte. hy
â– ecurity. ^y^j, zikore.* Slejjje zayj). * Jja^ ich zomdel Jis onder-
stonde : uor ham J>et lheste}> / of echen zay.' Wylnynge
The live an ever- °^ ^® ^^^ wy-outo cnde z&yf, * Zuo by hyt- Hy lybbej>
laeting life free be lyue wyJ»-oute ende. wyJ)-oute enye tyene. wy-oute
Their Ufei. the ®^^® lessinge. wyf-oute enye wyjjstondynge. Hyre lyf
•iisiitorthe is pQ zyjje and J>e knaulechynge of Je holy trinyte. ase
zay J) oure Ihord iesus. f is is J>et lyf wyf-oute ende / Jet
hy knawe fe zoje god / and huam pe zentest iesu ciist
and Jeruore ylyche hy byej / uor hy y-zyej : ase he is.
Theytaeteof Hy smackc]? pQ redes and Jje domes of god. Hy
d^m^mdfJ^ smackej Je kendes/and pe causes/and J>e begynny[n]ge8
thin^T***' of alle Jjynges. Hy louyej) god wy{K)ute enye com-
^f if ^Tfhlr* parisoun. uor Jet by wytej huerto god his hej» y-bro3t.
love. uorb. hy louyeb ech obren : ase ham zelue. Hy byeb
Theynaoicein ,,;: , ./,, ,, r> \ j»
God and of their glede of god onzygiude. hy byej glede of zuo moche of
hare ojenp holynesse : and uor Jet ech louej ojren ase
They have as ^^'"^ zelue. ase moche blisse hej ech of o Jres guode : ase
oompa^iOT'"^*" of his ojeue. Jjeruore by ziker / uor eurych he J aseuele
blyssen : ase he heJ uela36S. and aseuele blissen to
and their joy ifl echeu I aso his oaeuc of alle. and Jeruore eureich more.
incomparably • i i ^
great loueJ wyjoute compansoun god : Jet hym and ojre
made / Janne him zelue / and alle oJre. More hy byej
glede wyj-oute gessynge of godes holynesse : Janne of
his ojene / and of alle oJre myd hym. Yef Janne on
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' THE CONDITION OF THE BLESSED. 269
onneafe njmp al his blisse. hou ssel he nyme zuo uele
and zuo manye hlyssen 1 And feniore hit is yzed. guo ^*,°T'J*"y{^
into }>e hlysse of )>yne Ihorde. najt fe blisse of fine of thy Lord/
Ihoide / guo in to f e. uor hy ne may. J>erefter / hy
heriejj god wy)>-oute ende / wyJ)-oute werynesse. ase hyt
is y-wryte. Lhord / y-blyssed by J>o J)et wonyej) ine
Jjyne house / in wordles of wordles : ssoUe heiye J>e.
Zuyfte hy byef. uor huer J)et fe gost wyle by : uorzoJ)e They «re swift,
pel is J>et body. Alle hy byej) iny[3]tuolle. Zykere hy where the spirit
byejj of zuyche lyue. of zuo moche wysdome. of zuo They are eecure
jnoche loue. of zuo moche blysse. of zuyche heryinge. of J^onove.**^^*^
zuyche holynesse. J>et non ende. non lessynge. non
uallynge doun ssolle habbe. Lo alyte ich. habbe yzed
to you. of J)an pet ich yzej ine heuene. !Nra3t uor zoje
ne may zigge / ase ich yze3 / ne na3t ase hy byef : ne
my^te ysy.' SlejJ>e zayf. *Vorzo])e ine heuene we onder- strength wks,
stondef J>et f ou were, and zof f ing per J>ou y8e3e. and eeparate m from
zof Jjou best y-zed' Strengf e zayf . * Huo ssel ous to-
dele uram cristes loue 1 tribulacion. ojjer zoi^e. and oJ>re.
zykere byejj. uor no])er dyaf / ne lyf. and ofre.* Ry3t wght eays, Tam
zayf . * DoJ) out J>ane uerste messagyer. hyt ne is najt Dread,
rijt Jet he bleue ine pe house / myd pe ry3tuolle. Vor CFoL si. b.]
ry3[t]uolle loue : dej out drede.' Streng))ezayJ>. * guo out for love of God
drede. |)ou ne sselt iia3t by ine oure stedes.* Drede
zay}>. *Huet habbe ich mis-do. do. do. ich uor guode
zede.' Temperancia zayb. * Broben and zostren / ich Temperance com-
'^ -^r r I mands Dread to
zigge to you. nanmore smacky / p&nne be-houe}>. ac go out wiuingiy.
smacke to sobrete. j3ou drede / guo out myd guode wylle.
fole Jwtne dom / Jjet ri3t hej> y-demd. be auenture pe
my3t eft by onderuonge. yef wylnynge of lyf wyjK)ute
ende / overbuy 1 let of.* Jje makyere z&jp. J)us / J»us / Thnaiet m cast
1 . 1 1 . , . , off fearand receive
nou ssei eunch hys heuynesse / ssake a-way / uram iheioveofthe
drede / to Jje loue of pe heuenelyche contraye him-zelue ^^^^ ^^'
wende. Zuo by hit.
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270 DIFFBBENCE BETWEEN MEN AND BEASTS.
Undantending Nammore ne is be-tuene ane manne / and ane beste :
distlnguiataefl
i)«twMnaiiuui bote ino ondeistondynge. Na^t of o)?re J^inge ne
oioriiy thee not glorefje J)e. Of mVtues f e prest J)e / of besfces ]k)u sselt
]niw!!?iT!^!!^ee ^y ouercpmo. Of zuyfthede J)e prest J)e / of uele^n pQ
In swiftnees. woist oueicome. Of uayrhede })e prest J»e : hou moche
ThepeMockiB jj^y^ is ine be ueberen of be pokoce / huerof art bou
faliw than thou. •^ r r r f I r
God's Image con- moie woTb ? of p^odes ssepbe. Huer is sodes ssepbe ?
Bists in thought ,
and undentaod- Ibs j)encbinge / and ine onderstondinge. Yef ^ou
^' )>anne ]>eruore art betere ))anne a best / uor ]>et )?ou best
)?encbinge / buerby )>ou onderstans[t]. p&t a best ne may
onderstonde. ))er-uore uorzo])e : man is more betere /
Mjui'b light eon- )>anne a best. Li^t of man is l73t of ])ojtes. Lijt of
^to purity of jj^^i^ ^YyovLQ Jjojtes is. and ouergej) alle Jojtes. Yet
Theuntrae,the eft .0. men/ ne byeb najt Jjyestre. ne byej> najt
€▼11, thlevesi Act,
aredtfk. ontrewo. onri3tnole. queade. robberes. wrecben. louieres
Light exists, hot of J^e wordle. ))ise uor zope hjef )>yestemesse. Ly^t
we go away fktim . / i x i^
it. ne is na3t awaye : ac ye bye^ awaye / uram ly^te. pe
Sind!^**" blynde ine fe zonne : hep pe zonne present ac he is
uram pe zonne. Jjeruore ne hjep najt pjesixe. Yet
The world is eft. ^0 wordle ]?yestre. uor ^e louyeres of pe wordle.
*" ^ ^ byej) J»yestre. and pe wordle is quoad, uor Jk) }>et wonyej>
ine wordle bye}> queade. ase a quead bous. na^t J>e
ciiristdiedforua, walles : ac ^o ]?et wonye]) })erinne. Yet eft. crist ne
out sin ^^ bedde no Jjyng hueruore be ssolde sterue : and dyad
he is. ^ou best hueruore : and to sterue ]70U best
Sttflter patiently ^uworf 1 wyluo myd guod wylle to J)olye : be fyne of-
and with a good seruyngo / J)et he Jjolede myd guode wylle. J>et he
God made angeU wolde dolyury / uram pe djape eurelestinde. Yet eft.
wonns."""*'^ be huam J>et angel is ymad : be him is ymad Jje smale
The one u worthy werm. Ac pe angel is wor]yy to pe heuene : pe worm
ahUTofi^ ^ fe ^^t^- J>e ilke fet made : he dyjte. Yef he dede
J>ane smale werm in-to heuene : pe woldest hym wyj»-
Yetwouidstthou ^7°^®* ^^^ he woldo maki angles of uoule stynkynde
T'^^'**** ''^to ^®*®® • f^^ woldest hym wyj)nyme. And najt uor)>an :
heaven? nyxt Jjau dej) god. and fables he no is na3t to wjp-
u reproved. nymene. Vor alle men of ulesse ymad : huet bye}> hy
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RAISE THT HEART TO GOD. 271
bote wennes 1 and of wermee / he makeb angles. Yet >*•» »w womu,
' ' " M&dofwonoB
eft. huych herte me arere]? : ech may y-zy. Jet na^t J)e God makes
heuynesse of ulesses wylle beuore ygreued / auoie ual J /
ere hit by arerecL Ac ech him zelue y-zy here /Jje The heart mut
heuynesse of his ulesse : yue wyl be wyfdra^ynga fet JJ^Ledte^cJ^
he clensy : Jjet he arere to god. zuo by hit Hayl godes
moder Marie / Mayde uol of ))onke / god by myd pe /
y-blyssed by f ou / ouer alle wyfmen. And y-blyssed
by oure Lhord iesus / fet zuete ouet / of f yne wombe
yblessed. zuo by hit. Mayde / and moder mylde. uor Maid end Mother
. fi'i'ii • 1 ■»«■mild, me that am
loue of ]7me childe : fet is god an man : Me ]>et am zuo Mwiid tnm s\n
wylde / uram zenne Jou me ssylde : ase ich Je bydde ™* *****^*** "^°**°'
can. amen.
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NOTES.
Page 1, L 3, wycked. The defiaite form wyckede is required
after the definite article.
Page 1, 1. 15, dra^e. The prefixed y is omitted on account of
the preceding by.
Page 6, L 2, hutch , . ^ by, whatsoever that it may be; L 9,
toppe = above. This preposition is frequently used by Shoreham, and
seems peculiar to the Kentish dialect ; L 18, oksep ^ae«6^= demands,
requires ; oJ> of zofe, oath of truth. y^_^^^^,J^^ K\uri.,lw-
^ J^s^^ 8, L 6, be his wytinde =by his willing = he-bning irilling =
willingly ; L 23, and — and, both — and ; L 25, yhyealde = hdden =
bound.
Page 9, L 12, arizinges is used to translate the 0. Fr.
moeueinentes ; L 17, takinges, touchings, handlings, 0. Fr. aiouche-
meny
Page 10, L 1, wcZ = owes. It has this sense occasionally in
Chaucer ; L 15, ywyte . . . yherd, known, seen, or heard.
Page 11, L 2, Aw ^ her.
Page 13, L 19, al to, O. Fr. iusqua; L 20, htier . . . made
[zitte]. The Fr. is otc il se sist ; L 24, of-guo, deserved.
Page 14, L 22, huer . . . aw = Fr. ou il aura vescua ; IL 28, 30,
aaeawynge renders the Fr. revelacion, vision.
Page 16, 1. 33, wyites = wyte8, fault.
Page 17, L 24, ouerweninge, Fr. sourquidrie ; L 25, folebayrie =
over-boldness ; 1. 26, ydde blisse = Fr. veynghrie ; L 32, voidhede^
Fr. vileynye = crime, disgrace.
Page 18, L 4, ingratitude = 0. E. unkyndenesse.
Page 19, 1. 12, rc/iay = re«e^a/6, apostate. The Midland copy
roads * he may wel be cleped renegaie ; ' 1. 2, ine Jokinge^ in custody ;
1. 10 from bottom, deuines = deuineres.
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NOTES. 273
Page 20, L 16, J)e, the reflexive pronoun ^ thou thyselfl
Page 21, 1. 16, opweninge = upweening; opfiiminge = uptaking,
enterprise, and hence presumption. The Fr. text has eorguidance
(O.R mrguidrie) and presumpcion. See p. 22, L 2, where
ojpniminge translates Fr. emprise; 1. 18, worth, Fr. valoir; L 19.
may, Fr. pooir ; L 20, mo^e, Fr. puet; conJiSf Fr. savour; L 21,
earif Fr. set; 77103c, pooir; L 22, conne, Fr. savour; 1. 26, onhpi-
hede = singularity, cf. L ordepi, singular, L 30. It often signifies
only, alone.
Page 22, L 18, onworpi, Fr. despire = despise, cf. onworjnesse and
ontDor^hede = YT. despit; L 20, hisemers, mockings, derisions, Fr.
gas; L 21, bismere^, Fr. moke; 1. 31, take =:teke = may teach.
Page 23, L 2, /riinges = frymgR. Fr. fritures. Stevenson
printed sriinges, and it is apparently so in the MS. ; L 3, ariythalf
and dlefthulf=i our modem expression right and left = on both sides ;
1. 6, fdUiche yeue =: Fr. folement doner, to give foolishly (or as
Chaucer would say, fool-largely) ; L 16, fole heryingey foolish prais-
ing = flattery, Fr. vaine loenge ; 1. 17, yhered = praised, firom hery,
heriCy to praise, line 19 ; L 24, ydelehli68e = yam-glory.
Page 24, L 4, aye = again = Fr. ou deverSy auorye = de par ;
IL 7, 8, wyt wd . . . of-healde. Wit, well for to devise (discern) ; good
memory well to retain; 1. 11, aiempres^Yi. attempre, tempered,
moderated, contented ; 1. 23, Iheuedi hap. Dame Fortune ; 1. 24,
hare hue^d, her wheel ; page 25, L 34, sotil, Midi Vers, sli^he ;
1. 35, lumlhedes, Fr. ordures, halkes, Fr. repostailles.
Page 26, IL 18, 19, nc sselt , , . by, * Thou shalt never learn
what man is until he is where he desires to bo ; ' L 22, let, ceaseth ;
L 23, papelard, Fr. papdarf, flatterer, deceiver.
Page 27, 1. 4, calmiwe moue, the bai Fr. chauue soriz; 1. 29,
awar^ede = Fr. maloite, schrewd, wicked.
Page 28, L 34, hollyche, Fr. sainement = sainglement = entiere-
inent
Page 29, L 30, werreres = werres = wars.
Page 30, L 20, ' eflPterward iore]^ey* wre^ is an error for hate.
The Fr. text has haine.
Page 31, IL 4, 5, ordusthede, Fr. paresce ; tyene, Fr. anui ; L 10,
18
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274 NOTES.
pormliche = thinness, scantiness. The Fr. text has tenuites, and the
Midland MS. reads tendemesse, ]x>nneliche should evidently be
penndeche or pinndeche = thin-ness, the -leche being the same ter-
mination as in knowledge, O.E. knowlecke; L 11, Dieudiehe^ Er.
tenurement^ Mid. Vers, slakli/. Stevenson printed Ihendiche, Cf.
Iheuc in L 13.
Page 32, L 17, anasrlud, Fr. perreceus. This word does not
occur in Bosworth's A. Sax. Diet It seems to be = vn-shH/dj
Mid. Vers, reekdesj negligent, careless, firom A.S. scri/an, to care for ;
L 17, sl€uuolle = 8leuy-twlle^ slothful, see deawolle in L 13; L 22,
oniDoneihy Fr. desacoustume ; <m-wone therefore comes from the O.K
wone^ habit, custom, wont, and signifies to cease to do what has been
customary or habitual; L 23, Eftertoard . . . deuuoUiche. The
Fr. has * Apres vient negligence, car qui bien fait delaiement nest pas
merueil le sil le fait negliiaument.' Here we see auerst = Fr.
delaiement = delay ingly, from A,8. fyrst, delay, respite.
Page 33, L 12, op-let = Fr. soimaine, fr. surmener, * mdl mener^
maUraiter* (Roq.).
Page 34, 1. 27, wynnynge bolddiche^ Fr. en aquestier aidaument ;
of-healdmge streytliehe^ Fr. en retenir restreignaument ; L 31,
gaudinge^ Fr. usure ; L 34, kuedhedes, Fr. malignites.
Page 35, L 7, pe Jie^pes, Fr. les montes; cf. he^inge, profit, L 16 ;
L 9, toedde-dgade^^moTtgagey Fr. gage mort, see dead-wed, p. 36 ; IL
16, 17, chap/are makiinde = covenant (baigain) making ; L 24, Zcnej?
na^ty &c., i.e. lendeth not themsdvea.
Page 36, L 6, timerzettere ontrewe. Fr. has termoiors desloiaus ;
1. 20, vendmiglnge, Fr. vendengesy vendage, vending, sales.
Page 37, 1. 20, seruona. The Fr. aerians shows that this word
should be seriions (constables).
Page 38, L 27, taylesy comees. Fr. tailles, coniees. The latter
term signifies a duty on beasts and com ; L 30, of hiren =â– du leur r=
of theirs.
Pago 39, L 5, ssepes, payments, wages, Fr. loier ; L 8, niminges, Fr.
exactions ; L 11, mesteres merty officials ; 1. 15, ac . . . yzed, but some
are continued (above that) in addition to that that is here related ;
1. 1 7, yerne = erne = eame, run ; 1. 2^,playnere8y Fr. playntif, hezech-
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NOTES. 275
ingesy Fr. peticions ; L 25, playteres, Fr. auocas ; L 28, ytdemde .-=
fugitives ; L 28, wyfsettinggesy exceptions = Fr. harres.
Page 40, L 7, 6e-w«Z2/7i^e= defiling = false accnsations; L 20,
bezide^ttereSy Fr. asseseurs ; IL 23, 24, yhei=iyhed =zhsAy
Fr. eu ; L 33, eregea = Fr. heregea = heretics. Stevenson explains
this wrongly as witches.
Page 42, L 7, denyes = Fr. deenez, deaneries.
Page 44, L 2 from bottom, romcmgours, Fr. maskignons = maqui-
nons, fraudulent dealers, from 0. Fr. raTnander, baisser le prix.
Page 45, L 9, hysians = Fr. hiziauSy heralds. Kempen = Fr.
champions,
v^ Page 47, 1. 26, he hare taytinde. Fr. a son escient.
Page 48, L 1, aiU o/nyede = unnecessarily.
Page 51, L 11, teue, Stevenson printed tene, as if = tin; but
teue = ta-etie = yesterday evening, and it translates the Fr. dersoir.
Page 52, 1. 13, knd non = al-htiet rum == until noon. Fr. iusqua-
none. Cf. cd-htiet ni^ty p. 52, L 12.
Page 56, L 8, ssast = ssla^stf slayest; 1. 19, ich wylle a lite take
of the zennesy Ac., I will a little touch of the sins, &c.
Page 57, L 1, euele telley Fr. misconter ; ccmtackyy Fr. bareter.
Page 63, L 10, for a-mes read a mes = Fr. mes.
Page 66, L 19, godelingeey Fr. maudiscons ; cf. godelinge, p. 65,
= Fr. maudire ; 1. 28, atwyty blame, the word reprouef has been
erased in the MS.
Page 87, L 12, huet hi is y-do = until they do them ; huet =
al-huet = until ; i$=zhi8 = them. Fr. tant soit parfais.
Page 96, L 14, in one wytte = in one sense.
Page 101, L 6, you sselt louSy Ac. = Thou owest him love, Ac. ;
1. 16, uda^eat = joinest, cf weZaje, accessory; uela^redey p. 102, com-
panionship, fellowship. See p. 102, L 12, where i^eZajef =joineth.
Page 103, L 24, hoydoysey O.E. hostmsey hoisterousy blustering.
This is the earliest approach to the form hosteous or hostousy which
has given rise to boisterous.
Page 104, 1. 16y uor fer ne is no gelt. The Fr. text has, car il
nia nul trespas sement.
Page 106, 1. 29, out of smak = out of taste = disagreeable.
18*
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276 NOTES.
Page 108, L 10, wyndef = uyndef = findetli.
Page 111, L 32, ofhiren^ of herself.
Page 112, L 15, greatey Fr. gros ; L 25, pieeaille ne to ehenaUU =
catUe nor to dogs. The MS. reads eheuaUlef which is evidently
wrong. The translator seems to have heen unable to render these
French terms into English.
Page 113, L 4, qpe^ above. The Fr. has 9or (sur).
Page 116, 1. 21, rc/ye, Fr. movoir; ne rocky, Fr. crouller; move
nor render unsteady ; rocky = to rock, and is equivalent to the
O.R wagge = wag.
Page 120, L 31, ilc . . . zone; more is wanted before fawTw?,
as the construction is. But wherefore are they called gifts of the
Holy Ghost more than gifts of the Father and of the Son t
Page 121, L 23, Je yef}fe of drede is fe doreward to ^ greate
^reste, The gift of dread (fear) is the doorkeeper to the great crowd ;
L 23, uordep, Fr. est^rpe. The Midland MS. reads 'drawej up.'
Page 123, IL 14, 15, hi ous dep beknatte and to byknatce, she
causes us to know and be known. Byknawe = by yknawe = be
known ; L 21, dyereoningey precious union. Chaucer hason^m=s
united (pret pi.) ; IL 31, 32, Love of hope feeleth the smell and
seeketh. Love of Charity taketh, and seeth, and swalloweth, and
holdeth ; L 32, ziJcp = zij]) = sees, zud^p = Fr. gouste, tasteth.
Page 128, L 21, ysnes, irons, fetters, from yen = iron ; L 2 firom
bottom, wrikp = imjf = hideth.
Page 129, L 20, ca arrieres. The Mid. MS. renders this phrase
by to-fore ; L 34, ' Man may longe, Ac. This quotation occurs in
the Religious Poems printed by Wright in the Owl and Nightingale.
Page 130, L 22, comardyes = cosnardies, deceits.
Page 131, L 4, ccdketreppeUy Fr. pieges, see Glossaiy; L 5,
ankety Fr. embrasee ; L 7, wy^te^ uy^te = fight
Page 132, L 21, anone is a-none = iji no.
Page 134, L 16, bouer^e ia for borje = Bayey not for bou)e =^
bo)e, how, be obedient.
Page 136, L 25, pe wyppe ine the nykke = the halter (rope) round
the neck.
Page 137, L 3 from bottom, ssd ajt, owes aught (anything).
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NOTES. 277
Page 139, L 14, ze^} = zek}, seeketh ; cf. wec}> (L 2, p. 140) for
wejji =» weigheth.
Page 140, L 25, hassasU, Thus tlie word stands in tlie Fr. and
Eng. text It is our modern word assassin.
Page 141, L 6, ingneiy 0. Fr. igruma, O.K ddyuere, active.
Page 143, L 11, y-^icf = y-zi}J> = seeth ; 1.24, at lakes =^9,i
WMtsuntide (Pentecost), seep. 163, 1. 3 from bottom. Z^oAj-Sunday
= Wliitsunday, occurs in Shoreham's poems.
Page 147, L 2, angricey Fr. angaiase; L 3, aw\r'\ec7l^ = awrek^ =
wreaketh, avengetb.
Page 150, L 4 from bottom, 6ott«e = rule, line. This is the
word in the Fr. text. D. Michel was evidently imable to
translate it. The Midland MS. for pricke an boune reads merk and
lyne.
Page 154, L 1 from bottom, \eyse\. The Fr. text has eaa.
Page 155, L 3, zem^^ is here plural, and should be written
zene^ef ; L 3, foruiona is the 0. Fr. fonwiona.
Page 161, L 14, delf aueraty putteth in delay. See uerde^ to
delay, respite, cause delay. See p. 173, L 16 ; L 20, he stre7igpe =
forcibly, by force; cf. no strengtJie = 0.^ no fors = no matter;
L 34, For = or.
Page 167, L 25, er^an pet pe kuen his do an =s ere that (before)
that the queen putteth it on ; At9 =: her, and refers to robe, which
is considered as feminine.
Page 171, L 5 from bottom, seat geus ; so the words stand in the
Fr. text. The Mid. MS. translates geua by eude pieces (evil
plays).
Page 173, L 22, y-A;iie^ = y-kue(n)gt = O.E. ykueynt^
quenched. Cf. dreynt = drenched, Ac.
Page 178, L 24, wor wone makep maister. This passage
literally signifies ' for habit makes master,' and is equivalent to our
phrase, 'practice makes perfect ;* cf. page 181, L 4, where yealde
wanes =old habits.
Page 182, L 16, * he^tdeap and ethep \K\are anderlinges, flay and
eat their subjects : he^eap = be^ea^ep = be-flayep = flay, fleece,
rob. -
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278 NOTE&
Page 184, L 12, wdy-holpe = wd y-Ao(pc = well-holpen (suc-
coured).
Page 187, L 24, [di\ay7nmt. The MS. has aymontj but the Fr.
text shows that diaymoni = diamond, is the correct reading.
Page 193, 1 4, \fet (for pen f) po «= than those.
Page 194, 1. 10 firom bottom, and hoi «= and [w] yliol = and is
safe.
Page 195, IL 9, 10, in -= inn, lodging.
Page 196, IL 1, 2, in-to fe greade of pe poure = unto (at) the sup-
plication of the poor ; L 8, hedinge = secresy ; cf. O.E. hidlinges^
secret places!
Page 198, L 23, * eomep pe * should be comej) ye. The participle
yblissede is plural, the singular being yUiased ; c£ acoraedCy in L
11.
Page 203, L 5, n^ = nor, seems wanted after uondinge.
Page 204, L 14,/or^tn. This word ia taken out of the French
text
Page 205, L 21, hit drajp to smaCy maketh it tasty.
Page 207, L 9 from bottom, talyinde^ Fr. contant.
Page 210, L 3 from bottom, €hd ne is na^t goth to uede mid
leauesy God is not a goat to be fed with leaves.
Page 231, 1. 14, wy-ovie^^wyyoutey without.
Page 237, L 16, zikp «= »}J) = sees.
Page 241, L 9, hedj an error for heald^ Tield, esteemed.
Page 244, L 21, kikere, an error for tA^re, hear.
Page 247, L 2 from bottom, and his sselt do drinke, and tJum
shalt cause them to drink.
Page 248, L 2, kuel) = quelj) = welleth, springeth, or wells up.
Page 249, L 2, maked ==. makef = makes. The preterite would be
fuakede; cf. p. 248, 1. 29.
Page 261, L 2 from bottom, is spek = ich spek, I spake.
Page 252, L 31, mlsbylefde = misbylefinde = unbelieving (ones)
= unbelievers. Chaucer has misleved = misbeleued = miscreant ;
but mysbyleuinde occurs on page 69 of this work.
Page 253, L 10, zek} = zek^ = seeketh; 1. 11, uel ine pe aye =
the skin in the egg. The Mid. MS. reads * straw in the egg.'
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NOTES. • 279
Page 254, E 16, 19, geSy 0. Fr. ges. Liens pour attacher les
oiseaux de proie (Roquefort).
Page 254, L 23. The pronoun hare (their) seems to require
men instead of man.
Page 264, L 12, Jie^liche clom,a, profound silence ; L 14, camyde
may be an error for comynde »: coming ( »> is about to come), or for
comep =» comes -» is coming ; L 22, chaynen auere, chains of fire ;
auere = a fire ; 1. 30, eomste =» comest thou ; L 32, ysejepe «â–
yae^e-fe = what didst thou see ; L 34, brefie ovr^olyindey intolerable
burning.
Page 265, L 1, tDanirokiynge = lsLck ; tran :»un, as in O.K
toantrusiy wanhope, &c, ; trockiynge -» failure, want The wan
seems to be intensitive; L 18, yue^ youre ^=yeuep yeare = giveth
ear; youre would signify yours; L 27, helm of A«Zfe = hehnet of
salvation ; L 29, ryuollyche ^^^ry^taollyche -« rightfully, righteously ;
L 35, hit ying^ fe »-> hit pingf pety it appeareth that.
Page 266, L 1, 6« ca» = per-haps, per-chance ; L 2, of-dret =» of
dread = adread, afraid; L 6, wylnynge of pe eontraye of heuene^^
desire of the kingdom (country) of heaven; IL 9 — 11, Tef , . . etUle.
If we, on account of ^ Grod's Dread ' and ^ Bethinking of Death,' were
still (silent), right it is that thee speaking (whilst thou art speaking)
we should be much more silent; L 13, myd try?fo = willingly ; L 20,
Ac andy but also ; IL 25, 26, ine ri^t half zittinde, on the right*hand
sitting ; L 31, zodes <^ zones *» of the son.
Page 268, IL 13, 14, * Jaj . . . zay.* Though I understand some-
what of this, (yet) for them that listeneth tell (in detail) of each (of
these particulars, Le. how they live, enjoy, &c, see IL 11, 12) ; L 30,
by zUcer^lhy] by[eji] ziker ; they are in security; L 32, aae his
o^ene of aUe = as is possessed by alL
Page 269, L 2 firom bottom, supply aw4 before to.
Page 270, L 4, fe prest J>e = thou pridest thyself; weZcjn
is an error for u^en ssflies ; fe worst, thou shalt
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GLOSSARIAL INDEX.
A ! ah ! 61, 71.
A, on, a pe, on the, 12, 64, 114,
156, 214.
Abandonee, free, 247.
Abatye, Fr. ahatre, to abate^ less-
en, 28.
Ab.ce., 1,
Abegge (prei aho^te), to suffer or
atone for, pay for, 73. It cor-
responds to the later English
abie; A.S. Orbicgan,
A}Adeypp. delayed, 239.
Abyd, imp. delay, 173.
Abide, Abyde, await, remain, 51,
113, 194; endure, 166 j refrain,
242 ; A.S. abidan, bidan.
Abide, Abyde (pi, pret.), abode,
13.
Abidejj, Abydef, remaineth, 72,
86; look for, await, (pi,) 146,
179.
Abidinge, delay, 173.
Abit, Abyt, abideth, waiteth for,
awaiteth, 128, 143, 194, 169,
211; bear with, 174.
Ablent, blindeth, 16; ahlende, to
make blind, occurs in R of
Gloucester, 208 ; Chaucer uses
blende, pret j/blent, in the same
sense.
Abod (pret. of Abyde\ abode, de-
layed, 173.
Abomynable, 49.
Abot, Abotte, abbot, 178, 219;
Abbotes, 67.
Aboue, above, 13, 15, 35.
Aboute, about, 30.
Aboutestondinges, circumstances,
174, 175.
Abstinence, 236.
Abundance, 261.
Abyde. /S^ee Abide.
Ac, but, 6, 10, 16, etpamm.
Accidye, sloth, 16.
Accombringe, destruction, ruin,
182. The root of this word is
comber, as in encumber, Du.
komher, loss, adversity. Ger.
kammjer, trouble. O. Fr. en-
combrer, to hinder, vex, annoy.
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GLOSSARIAL INDEX.
281
Acorded, accorded, united, 153.
AcordeJ, agreeth, 60, 147, 151,
153 ; uniteth, 256.
Acordi, to accord, agree, 151, 162.
Acoised, jTp. accursed, 66, 138.
Acorsede, pret, accursed 3 57, pp.
pi. 189, 198.
Acounte]), counteth, 137.
Acquayntonce, acquamtance, 143.
Acsede, asked, 178, 190, 208,
222, 239.
Acsest^ askest, 207, 209.
Acse]), nng. asketh, demandetb,
prays for, requireth, 53, 54, 99,
: 109, 180, 209, 221, pi 111,
116, imp. 209.
Acsi, Acsy, Acxy, to ask, de-
mand, require, inquire, claim,
101, 110, 139, 151, 198, 209,
• 214.
Acsinge, asking petition, ques-
tion, 208, 209.
Acsinges, Acsingges, askings, ques-
tions, petitions, 129.
Acsynge, false claiming, Fr. chal-
enge, 'f 39.
Active, 199.
Adaunte)), tameth, 167; Fr.
domptef'fdonter, to tame, daunty
subdue.
Adopcion, Adopcioun, adoption,
101, 102, 146.
Adoun, downwards, 247.
Adraje, pp. drawn, 174, 218.
Adrayngt == adreynt, pp. drown-
ed, drenched, 107, 248.
Adraynk]! = maketb drink, 251 ;
A.S. Ordrencarij to drench,
drown, prei. drencie, pp. ge-
dreneed,
Adrenche, to drown, 50. A.S.
adrencan,
Adrenche^, drowneth, 50.
Adreng]i, gives drink, 92.
Adreynct, drowned, 239.
Adreynteu, pi. pret. drowned, 50.
Aduenture. See Auenture.
Aduersaii, Adversarie, 109, 170,
238.
Aduerset^, Aduersit^, Adversetes,
27, 30, 68, 84, 125, 168, 181,
182.
Afaited, feigned, 212 ; 0. Fr.
afaiter.
Affayted, trusting, 75.
Affeccioun, affection, 151.
A£x)imti, to be offended, 229 ;
Fr. affrontei' (firom Lat. frona,
the forehead).
Age, 5.
Agelt, sinneth, trespasseth, offond-
eth or sinneth against, trans-
gress, 5, 19, 65, 125.
Agelt, ^. sinned, 20.
Agelte, to sin, commit trespass,
15; AS. agyltan^ to offend,
sin against
AgelteJ), pi. sin, 6, 72.
Agerses=a gerse, in grass, 36;
A.S. gers, goers.
Aginne, Agynne, to begin, 32,
168, 197. AS. aggnnan.
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282
GL088ARIAL IND£X.
Aginnynge, Aginninge, Agyn-
ninge, beginning, 16, 31, 166,
197.
Agonne, pp. began, 165.
Agray^ed, pp. prepared, 14, 56,
89, 244; ready, 140; estab-
lished, 147.
Agray])e^, directs, orders, advises,
81,119,125, 138,140; deck,
pi. 176, 195, 216.
Agrayjri, to prepare, set in order,
array, dress, direct, 55, 76,
148, 173; to ornament, 216,
258 ; to set (saU), 183 ; O.K.
greida, to make ready.
Agray])inge, eh, adorning, -229,
258.
Agray])inges, decorations, orna-
ments, 176, 216, 226.
Agnind, on the ground, 91.
Ak, Ake, but, 6, 18, 55, 62, 69,
97. See Ac.
Akse, ask, 184.
Aksede, asked, 239.
Akse]>, asketh, demands, re-
quires, 13, 18, 103, 109, 163,
208, 222.
Aksinge, asking, 197, 198.
Aksy, ask, 113 ; see Acn^ acey.
Ak^ acheth, 51.
Al, adj. sing, all, 13 ; sing.^ 15.
Al, adv. quite ; al uol, quite full,
191 ; al ripe, quite ripe, 28 ;
al qiuc, quite alive, 67.
Al alsuo, just as, %Q.
Alast, lastly, last, 69, 118.
Aid, old, 16, 48, 104, 124,219.
Alday, Aldaye, adv. all day, 75^
Ale=Alle, 233.
Alefbe, on the left. Alefthalf, on
the left side (on the other
side), 23, 38.
Alfpeny, halfpenny, 193.
Algorisme, calculation, compiIa<
tion« numbering, 1.
Alhuett— until, unto, 26, 33, 36,
51, 74, 109.
Ali^t, Alyjt, enlighteneth, light-
eth, 77, 81, 88, 105, 115, 121,
122, 185,249; kindleth, 66.
Ali3t, Aly3t,2?/?. enlightened, 105,
109, 201.
Alijte, Aly3te, to enlighten, 109 ;
A.S. alihtan^ to enlighten.
Alijte, Aly3te, j?p. pi. enlightened,
201, 243.
Ali3te)>, enlighteneth, 204, 205;
maketh bright, beautiful, 229.
Ali3tynge —alighting, jenkindling,
incitement, 221.
Ali3tynges, passions, 204.
AUe, adj. pi. aU, 1, 5, 6, 10, et
pa^m.
Alle, ^071. all, 10, 11.
Allen (to), all, 145, 188.
AUone, alone, 142.
Almi3ti, almighty, 1, 5, 12.
Almoner, 190.
Alneway, always, 84, 178.
Al on, the same, all one, 259.
Alose]>, make famous, 199.
Alosi, to render famous, re-
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OLOSSARIAL INDEX.
283
nowned, 183. C£ O.K loa^ fame,
Fr. lo8.
Alouer, everywhere, 81.
Alouwe, Alowe, to praise, to be
praised, 95, 227, 233 ; O. Fr.
(douer^ to piaise, &om Lat.
lavs.
Alozed, famed, 16.
Alse, as, 8, 15.
Alse-moche-ase, Also-moch&«8e,
Alzo-moche-ase, as much as,
15, 19, 28 ; A.S. alswdy also ;
for the fonn alse^ cf. O.K
wTwse «■who so.
Alsuo, Alzuo, also, 51, 57.
Al]>a3, although, 19.
Aljjeruerst, first of. all, 27, 51.
ilZjer = aZZer, A.S. (drey gen,
pi, of all,
Aljjerworst, worst of all, 17.
Alto, unto, 1, 13, 14, 216.
Altogidere, all to gather, 59.
Al-wet = cUkuely until, unto, 197.
Alyjt, Alyjte. See Ali^iy Ahjte.
Amang, among, 65, 103.
Amanzinge, cursing, excommuni-
cation, 189 ; O.E. amansey to
curse, from A.S. amamutniany
lit. to disjoin, and hence to
excommunicate.
AmaystreJ), mastereth, overpower-
eth, 129.
Amhicion, 17, 22.
Amended,^. 30.
Amendement, 32, 83, 148.
Amendes, amercements, fines,
debts, 37, 38, 113; amends,
corrections, 147, 148, 180.
Amendi, to amend, 30, 31, 39,
40, 74.
Amendinge, amendment, 31, 170,
179, 180.
Amerd, marred, spoiled, 124, 125,
217 ; O.H. Ger. marrfany to
hinder, make void; Du. merreny
to obstruct.
Amerre]), pi, mar, spoil, 180,
203, 204, 220, 229.
Amer]), AmerrJ), 205, 217.
Ames, a but 7 62.
Amesured, moderated, tempered,
258.
Amesure]), moderates, tempers,
252.
Amidde, Amide, amid, 128, 143.
Amoneste]), admonishes, 8, 101,
102, 128, 145, 195.
A mote, ant, emmet^ 141 ; A.S.
CBfmet,
Ampayri, impair, 10 ; Fr. em-
pireVy to make worse, from Fr.
pisy pirey worse ; Lat pe/or,
Amydde, 95. See Amidde.
An, and, 4, 6, 7, 8, et passim.
An, Ane, A, prep, on, in, 1, 7, 14,
51, 156, 214.
An, adv, on, 167, 244; A.S.
and O. S. an.
An, Ane, art. a, 11, 14, 15, 18,
25, 29, 31, 37, 43, 50, et pas-
sim; ace, 161.
Ana^t, nought, 59.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
284
GLOSBARIAL INDEX.
Ancheaysoun, Anclieysoun, rea-
son, cause, 47, 268, 259 ; Fr.
enehaison.
And «=.an, i^ 66.
Andzuerede, answered, 190.
Ane, one, 117.
Aneuen, at last, 168.
Anfermi, affirm, 162.
Anginnynge, beginning, 31.
Angle, angel, 20, 21.
Angles, angels, 20, 21.
Angrice, hurt, harm, 146.
Angrisi, terrify, hurt, harm, 146.
A.S. agrymn,
Anhand, in hand, 22, 164.
Anhaste, in haste, 31, 46, 60, 68,
70, 189.
Anhe3, on high, high, 86, 96,
125 j upwards, 46, 46.
Anhe^e]), increases, is increased,
49.
Anhe^i, exalt, elevate, raise, 23 ;
from O.R A^j, high; A-S. heg^
Aao^, high.
Anhet, heated, kindled, 108, 131 ;
A.S. Orirhcetanf to heat, in-
flame.
Anhonged, hanged, 241, cf. Eng.
anrhanged.
Anhonge]), hangeth, 61.
Anhongi, to hang; A.S. an-
h4n, to hang.
Anhyaldi, Anhyealde, pp. = an-
healde => an - halden, with-
holden, forbidden, 162.
Anioynj, to enjoin, 172.
Anlich, like to, 186.
Anliche, Anlyche, image, like-
ness, 146.
Anlicned, Anlycned, Anlikned,
Anlykned, compared, likened,
like to, 61, 66, 101, 227, 232.
Anlicnesse, Anliknesse, Anlyc-
nesse, likeness, 87, 88, 100,
101, 106, 111, 146,201,244;
A.S. ati'licnes,
Anlicny, Anlykny, to be like to,
resemble, 101 ; compare, 167,
261.
Anlikne}}, Anlykne|», is like to,
16, 32, 81; compareth, 91;
are like to, 242.
Ajilyke, alike, 227. |
Anone, in none, 132.
Anoj>eme (ace.), another, 162.
Ano^re, def. another, 26, 176.
Ano])ren, Ano])rene (aee.)^ an-
other, 91, 166, 176, 186, 249.
Ano])ies, anothers, 197.
Anoy, 8b. 267.
Anoylinge, anointing 14.
Anoyf, annoyeth, 162 ; It an-
naiare, from Lat. in odio.
Ansuere, answer, 194, 214.
Ansuerede, Ansurede, answered,
178, 208, 239.
Ansuere]), answer, 66, 264.
Ansuerie, Ansuerye, Answery,
to answer, 67, 213.
Ansuerie]), 169.
Ant, and, 68.
Antempered, attempered, 224.
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OLOSSARIAL INDEX.
285
The author seems to confound
the an in this word with the
an or a in anJkongi, anke^i, &c.
Anpayri, impair, 237.
Anuenymed, envenomed, poi-
soned, 50.
Anuenyme]), poisons, 27.
Aparceiuy, to perceive, 131.
AparceyueJ), perceive, 57.
ApayreJ, impairs, 237.
Apeluchier, 253.
Apert, Aperte, open, clear, plain,
11, 134, 203.
Aperteliche, openly, 13, 26, 59,
70, 96, 162, 201, 244.
Apocalipse, 14, 183.
Apostate, 19.
Apostel, 41, 213. «
Apropred, appropriated, 40, 41,
120, 235.
Aqueme, to pleasa See Queme.
Aquench, imp, quench, 130,
Aquenc]^, quencheth, 207.
Aquitti, acquit, set free, 137.
Aquyked, pp, kindled, 203, from
quyk = quick, alive.
AquytteJ), acquit, release, pay,
36.
Arhlast, Arblaste, arbalast, 47, 71.
Arbytres, arbitress, 154.
Archan^e, 1.,
Archer, 45,
Ardontliche, ardently, 51.
Aredy, Already, ready, 121.
Arere, raise up, elevate, stir up,
excite, 31, 61, 65, 74, 178, 179,
210 ; imp. 156, 217 ; nih^'. 217.
Arerede, Arered, pret. and pp.
raised, 14, 24, 86, 200, 203,
239.
Areref , raiseth, 23, 85, 129 ; raise,
pL, 66, 125; exaggerate, 136.
Ar^nesse, timidity, slowness, 32 ;
A. 8. eargy inert, timid, eviL
Ari3t, Ary^t, aright, 70, 74.
Arijt-half; Ary3t-half; on the
right side, on the one side, on
this side, 23, 38, 40.
Arise, inf, 35 ; imp. 51 ; pp.
arisen, 24, 121.
Arise^, eing. ariseth, 52 ; arise,
pi, 57.
Arist, ariseth, lusteth, 30, 47, 49,
50, 186.
Arize, arise. See Arise.
Arize]^, arise, pL, 56.
Arizinge, resurrection, 13, 14 ;
rising, 52 ; lustful emotions or
desires, 11 ; emotion, 147.
Arizinges, lusts, 9.
Armes, 162, 165, 265.
Armej), arraeth, 25, 111, 180.
Armure, 170, 203, 240.
Am, eagle, 61 ; A.S. earn,
Aros, arose, 7, 13, 173.
Arrogance, 21.
Art, 65.
Article, 12 ; articles, 252.
Arwe, arrow, 66.
Asayd, tried, essayed, 117, 142.
Asayled, pp. assailed, 157.
AaayledOy pret. assailed, 249.
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286
GL088ARIAL IKDEZ.
Asayle]!, assaileth, 17, 31, 157,
166, 168, 181, 182.
Asayli, to assail, 169
Asaylinges, assaults, 84, 117, 166,
207.
Asay]), essayeth, 168.
Ascaped, escaped, 166.
Ascape]), Askape]), escapeth, flee
away, 180, 209, 210.
Ascapie, Askapie, escape, 56,
131, 172.
Ase, as, 6, 7, 8, et passim,
Ase-moche-ase, as much as, 9,
97.
Ase-wel, as well, 256.
Aslaky, to slacken, 253.
Aslepe, asleep, 199.
Asoyli, absolve, 172.
Asoyny, to strive, busy, 242.
Aspid, Aspide, espied, seen, 142,
191.
Aspie]), Asepie]), look after,
watch, 253, 255.
Aspiinges, watchings, spyings,
117.
AspiJ), spieth, 173.
Assencion, 213.
Astenie, kill (by depriving of
food), 240.
Asterued, starved, enfamished,
240.
Astone]), astonish, 130.
Astonie, astonish, 126, 257 ; as-
tonish is Fr. estonner (Lat at-
to7tare, to thunder at), to as-
tonish, amaze ; but astonie, 0.
E. stounie, to duU the senses,
is from the A. 8. stunian, to
strike, stun.
Astore]), victualeth, 112.
Astorie, store up^ victual, 136.
R of Gloucester uses as-tore, to
store (a place), IL 375, 385 ;
Fr. estorer, to erect, build,
garnish ; Lat. instaurare, to re-
pair, renew.
Astranglede, strangled, 48.
Astrangle]), strangleth, 65.
AstrangU, to strangle, 50.
Astru]>, destroys, 17 =^astnujl€p%
A.S. striidarij to rob, spoil,
ravage.
A summed, reached the summit,
completed, 168.
Atamed, subdued, 152.
Ate, at, 13, 14, et passiiiK
Ate-laste, lastly, 104.
Atempres, Attempre, temperate,
moderated, 24, 153, 254.
Atenende, Ate-ende, lastly, 128,
162.
Ate-uerste, firstly, 127.
A))e, on the, 242.
Atrayt, 0. Fr. atrayt, continuously,
protractedly, 50.
Atuytinge, blame, reproof, 194.
Atuytinges, reproaches, 194.
Atwyt, reproacheth, reproveth,
66.
Atwyte, Attwyte, to reproach,
reprove, twit, 198 ; A. S. cc^-
wUan, wkariy to blame.
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Google
OLOBSABIAL INDEX.
287
Atwytinge, reproaching, twitting,
65, 194.
Auarice, 16, 34, 38, 102, 147.
Aube, priest's vesture, 236. This
word is the same as alby a white
robe.
Auenture, adventure, hap, chance,
18, 20, 27, 168.
Auer, a-fire, on fire, 205.
Auere, fiery, 264.
Auerst, delayingly, in delay, 32,
161 ; A.S. ,/yr«^, first, a space of
time, delay, respite.
Aueist, adv, first, 5, 20, 32,
46.
Auocat, advocate, 127.
AuonceJ, advanceth, 68.
Auonci, to advance, 82.
Auontage, advantage, 209, 210.
Auore, Bbfore, 271.
Auoreye, Auorye, towards, with,
* before, against, as regards, as
to, 1, 18, 24, 124, 129, 168,
172, 186, 207, 213, 222.
Auoreye «- aiwre-aye; auore «»
before; aye = again, towards.
Auoud, avowed, acknowledged,
101.
Auouerie, Auoerie, adoption, 101,
146 ; Fr. avouer, to avow ; Lai
advocare.
Autorit^, authority, 147, 221.
Awakede, woke, 128, 199.
Awar3ede, shrewd, wicked, cursed,
27 ; A.S. atcerged, accursed.
A'WTecJ, AwrekJ), wreketh, taketh
vengeance, punishes, 68, 73,
116, 147. jSec Wreke.
Awreke, pp. punished, 74, 83.
Awreke, avenge, punish, 9, 59,
76.
Awrekinge, vengeance, 8.
Awynne, regain, 85.
Ayans »» ayens, against, 6.
Ayder s*i eitJier, each, 53.
Aye s» ayerif against, 1, 5, 6, 7, et
passim; as to, 24 ; towards,
146.
Ayeanward, on the contrary, 49.
Ayen, back, again, 36, 56, 58,
85; against, 170.
Ayen-bite, remorse, 1.
Ayens, against, 6, 18, 29, 98, 115 ;
towards, 156, 163.
Ayen-uallinge, apostasy (again-
falling), 116.
Ayen-ward, Aye-ward, on the con-
trary, 48, 49, 56. .
Ayen-weje, again-weigh, consider,
57.
Ayen-wyjte, down-bearing, 247.
Ayen-yefte, Ayen-yef)>e (again-
gift), recompense, 120.
Ayen-yeme, recur, run to, 220,
See Yeme.
Azenkte, pret. caused to sink,
49.
Azet, setteth, setteth out, 140.
Aze wel, as well, 89.
Azide, aside, 216.
A3t, ought, 194.
Ajt, owe, 137.
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288
QLOBSARIAL INDEX.
Bal, ball, 179.
Balance, balance, peril, 30, 91.
Bald, for fteoZci, bold, 105.
Barat, bargain, also fraud, deceit,
39, 46, 61, 75, 82; O.Fr.
bareter, to lie, cheat, beguile ;
Sp. baratarj to truck, exchange.
Bargayn, unfair dealing, 9; O.Fr.
harguinei'y to chaffer, also to
wrangle, haggle.
Baronage, 58.
Baronyes, 38.
Baroun, 38.
Barouns, 38, 85.
Baselycoc, basilisk, 28 ; Gr.
j3a<riXt<ricoc, a king. This form
of the word is used by Chaucer
in the "Persones Tale."
Batayle, battle, 83, 117, 167,
249.
Batayles, 91.
Bajjef, bathes, 167.
Baylifs, bailiffs, 122; Latfeo/MZtw,
Mid. Lat. bajula, 1, a bearer ;
2, a nurse ; 3, a tutor. From
hajvlua comes Fr. haUlL
Baylyes, the jurisdiction of a
bailiff (a term once applied to
persons holding high offices, as
regents, Ac.) ; hence a king-
dom, 26.
Bayf, buys, 23, 76, 90, 91, 194,
241. See Begge, to buy.
Be, by, 1, 6, 7, 8, et passim; for.
13; though, 12; A.S. be, bi,
big.
Beat, beateth, 30, 69, 116.
Beate,tobeat, 210, 236.
Bei^, bowed, 239 ; A.S. bugan^
beogan {pt, beak, beag, pp,
bogen, bugen),
Becajt, pp, beguiled, ensnared,
54, 125.
Becharme, charmeth, 257.
Beches, beech trees, 23.
Beclepie]), Beclep]>, embraceth, 88.
Beclepiejj, pi. plead for, 40.
Becleppe, to embrace, clip, 46 ;
A.S. be-dyppan.
Becleppe, to raise a clatter, 66 ;
A.S. clappan, to clap, move ;
cf. O.E. dappe, talk.
Becleppe]), clasps, embraces, 15.
Becleppinge, embrace, 96.
Beclept, /?/). embraced, 15.
Beclepte, pret embraced, 240.
Becom, became, 6, 240.
Become]), pi. become, 78, 92.
Becom]), becomes, 19, 43, 51, 91.
Bed, prayed, 191, 215 ; A.S. bced,
pret of biddan, to pray.
Bed, 31 ; obliq. cas. bedde, 177.
Bedeawe]), bedewej, moisteneth,
95,116.
Bedele, messenger, 37.
Bedeles, 39, 43; A.S. bydel, a
preacher, messenger; Eng. bea-
dle.
Bedes, prayers, 141 ; A.S. bccl^ a
prayer.
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Google
OLOSSABIAL INDEX.
289
Begge, to buy, 17, 23, 36, 41,
44, 78, 83; to redeem, 95;
A.S. hycgauy to buy.
Beggeres, beggars, 36.
Beggejj, buys, 36, 44, 139 ; buy,
pi 39, 41.
Begginge, buying, 38.
Begiime, to begin, 150.
Beginnejj, pi. begin, 17, 66,
119.
Beginnynge, Begynnynge, begin-
ning, 70, 72, 76, 97.
Begin)), Begynjj, begins, 61, 65,
67, 88, 99, 108, 131, 181.
Begynnejj, ^?. 17.
Begonne, 2 pers. pret. sing, be-
ganst, 71.
Begyled, pp. beguiled, 76.
Begylejj, beguileth, 16.
Behat, promises, 64, 170, 179,
181, 183, 201 ; A.S. helidtan,
to promise, vow (pret. hehM,
pp. hehaten).
Beboste, promise, vow, 67, 144,
225 ; A.S. hih^.
Beheatcs, pL of hehestef 98.
Behinde, Bebynde, behind, 10,
45, 130.
Bebofsam, needful, 99, 192; A.S.
hMfiaUy to behove, to need.
Bohorewed, defiled, dirtied, 237.
Bebot, promises, 97, 179. See
Bebai
Bobote, inf, to promise, 162.
Behote, pp, promised, 13, 65, 67 ;
vowed, 231.
Behotojj, promisetb, 40, 42; pi,
promise, 65.
Bohotinge, entreaty, 207.
Bebotinges, pi. of behotinge, 40,
42.
Behouede, 2>^c^. beboved, 128.
Bebouojj, bebovetb, 58, 79.
Beknaulecbinge, confession, ac-
knowledging, 32, 77.
Beknaust) confessest, 100.
Beknawe, beknow, confess, 69,
123, 132 ; A.S. Jbe-cn&wan^ to
know.
Beknawejj, pi, acknowledge, 132.
Beknawynge, knowledge, 126.
Bekneu, acknowledged, 215, 216.
Beleaue, Beleue, Byleaue, belief,
2, 11, 14, 19, 29, 72, 106,
123.
Beleaue, Beleue, Bileaue, believe,
12, 13, 151, 203.
Beleff, beUevetb, 19, 139, 151.
Beloke, comprehended, 97 ; A.S.
helucauj to lock up, enclose.
Beles, boils, 224; Du. buile,
boil, swelling.
Beleuinge, abiding, continuing,
176. See Bleue, Bleuinge.
Belongejj, appertain to, 12, 17.
Beloukjj, includes, 99.
Bench, 130.
Bend, bond, tie, 48 (tie of mar-
riage), 220.
Bendes, bonds, 77 ; A.S. bend, a
bond, band.
Bene (/), prayer, petition;
19
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290
GL088ARIAL IKDKX.
Beneiiy X>1. prayers, petitions,
3, 99, 102, 114. A.S. hen.
Benefices, 42, 96w
Benefices, benefits, 96.
Benes, prayers, petitions, 25, 51,
74, 90, 97, 105, 180.
Bene]^ beneath, 108, 126.
Benime, Benyme, to rob, deprive
of, steal, 39, 59, 68, 79, 86,
117, 181. See Nime, Nyme.
Benim^, Benyni|y, Benime^, Be-
nyme^, Zrd pers. sing, and jil.
of henime, 23, 29, 32, 38, 39,
68, 76, 77, 79, 86, 108, 218,
223, 248.
Benome, taken from, 143.
Benotejy, employs, uses, 90 ; A.S.
notUy use ; hi-^iotan^ to enjoy ;
notian, make use of, employ.
Bequide, bequest, will, 112 ; A. S.
be-ewedaUf to bequeath ; cwidsy
a testament, judgment.
Bekuydes, bequests, wills, 38.
Berdone, burden, 84, 141.
Bere, a bear, 14, 15, 60.
Bere, to bear, 8, 21, 56, 83,
118 ; wear, 90 ; enjoy, possess,
101.
Bere, let p, sing, bear, 64 ; 2nd
p. sing, borest, 20 ; euhj, pres.
may bear, 217.
Bere, barley, 141; A.S. here;
barley— bere + lie (older forms,
Jharlicyherelich) ; the Zw?=A.S.
leac = plant, leek ; cf . garlicky
hemlock (old form hemlic).
Bere-blisse, Bear-bliss, 72.
Berel^, Ber|y, bears, produces, 8,
20, 29, 78, 88, 97, 195, 217 ;
pi. bear, 97, 231.
Berieles, tomb, sepulchre, 12,
26, 228; A.S. hyrgels, a se-
pulchre.
Berinde, bearing, 96, 144.
Beringe, birth, 130, 213.
Beringe, burial, 5.
Berke, to bark at^ 179.
Bemde, burnt, 242.
Berne, to bum, 163, 173, 225 ;
mbj. prea. 212,
Bemes, bams, 30; A.S. herriy
(= here-em^ a store-house for
barley).
Bemejj, Bera^, sing, bums, pi.
bum, 43, 74, 204, 206, 229.
Bemide = Beminde = burning,
211.
Beminde, Bemynde, burning, 49,
73, 107, 173, 203, 205, 207.
Bemindeliche, ardently, 31.
Beminge, ah. burning, 205, 206.
Bemston, brimstone, 49, 130.
Berobbe]), pi. rob, 39.
Berje, save, preserve, 197, 251.
Besme, broom, 172 ; A.S. hesmct^
a broom, besom ; hesmas, rods ;
S. Prov. £ng. ^imam, the heath
plant
Besmet, Besmetted, defiled, be-
smutted, 32, 229; A.S. he-
smitan, to besmut, defile.
Besnewed, made white as snow,
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OLOSaARIAL INDEX.
291
81 ; hemewed seeniB to stand
for hesneawed.
Besset <« be-ehut, enclosed, 94 ;
included, 97 ; A.S. scyttaUy to
lock-up.
Besset^ shut, 231 ; kept secure,
232. See Ssete, to enclose, 263.
Best, beast, 4, 14, 51; obliq.
case, hestey 2, 14, 15.
Besteriinge, emotions, 263.
Bestes, beasts, 82.
Bestrepef, Bestrepf, root up, 123,
127, 144, 150, 185, 201 ; A.S.
bestrypan, to strip.
Bet, better, 196.
Betake, ^^. assigned, 198; taken,
247 ; A.S. hetcdcauy to assign,
commit.
Betake]), 2>/. assign, 36; give, 235.
Betere, better, 7, 16, 24, 100,
102.
Betocnejy, Betokne]), aiTig, and pi,
betokeneth, betoken, 15, 203,
222, 236.
Betoke, sul^. should give, 89,
134.
Betokned, pp, betokened, 199,
203, 236.
Betoknede, pret, betokened, 236.
Betuene, Betune, between, 66,
210.
Be]y, bath, 74 ; A.S. hced^ befian,
to bathe.
Be]>ench, imp. remember, hethinky
130, 146.
BeJ)enche, remind, 101 ; bethink,
19
174, 178; repent, 172; A.S.
hefencafi,
Be])enche]>, imp. bethink, con-
sider, 81, 242.
Bejyenchinge, bethinking, memory, '
remembrance, 105, 188, 203 ;
repentance, thought, fore-
thought, 183, 184, 233.
Be])eng]>, bethinks^ remembers,
considers, reminds, 18, 100,
152, 177, 246.
Be]>03te, bethought, 156.
Beualle, befall, 107, 118.
Beualle, pp, befallen, 49.
Beual]), befalls, 174.
Beuealde, befolded, wrapped, 188 ;
A-S. be/ealdeny befolded.
Beuelo]>, pi defile, 228.
Beuelst, defilest, 230.
Beuel>, defileth, 178, 229; A.S.
beftdauy to defile; bejyled, de-
filed.
Beuelynge, defamation, false ac-
cusation. It signifies, literally,
defiling, 40.
BeuH, befell, 191.
Beula3e^, flay, hence to fleece,
rob, plunder, 38 ; A.S. befleany
pret. befiSgy to flay.
Beulea]), pL betdea^e^y rob, fleece,
182, 218; see Beulaje]).
Beule^, pH, avoid, 61.
Beuli3mge, be-flying, eschewing,
avoiding, 121.
Beuloje, pi, pret. avoided, re-
nounced, 77, 78.
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Google
292
GL08SARIAL IKDEX.
Beuly, Beuli, to fly from, flee,
avoid, 9, 15, 60, 74, 86, 121,
139, 178, 179, 205; A.S.
heflean (pefleSgan), to flee away,
escape.
Beuly^]), Beulyjt, avoideth, 73,
75, 136, 226.
Bewepe, to weep.
Bewepjj, beweepeth, 51.
Beyendc, beyond, 165.
Beyete, begotten, 130, 147, 224;
A.S. be-getan (pt. hegeat^ pp.
hegeaten)^ to beget.
Bezeche, beseech, 194.
Bczeche]), Bezechijj, pi, beseech,
98, 106, 115.
Bezechinge, petition, 97, 116.
Bezechinges, petitions, 97 ; com-
plaints, 39.
Bezek]), besoecheth, 117.
Bezenge, singe, 230 ; A.S. beseur
garij to singe.
BezengJ), singes, 230.
Bezet, placed, beset, 102, 152.
Bezest, besettest, 213.
Bezette, inf. to beset, occupy,
214.
Bezette]), besetteth, 207.
Bezide, beside, 105, 126, 220,240.
Bezuyke, pp, beguiled, 76 ; A.S.
beswican, to beguile, deceive;
O.K stvike, to deceive, emkere^
a deceiver.
Bezuykere, traitor, 171.
Bozuykinge, Bozuykyinge, treason,
28, 43 ; deceit, 61.
Bezuykiinges, Bezuykynges,
frauds, 23, 61.
Bezyinge, be-seeing, forethought,
183, 184.
Bi, be, 49, 105, 135, 136, 163,
177, 220.
Bide = biddBy imp, pray, 210.
Bidde, we, let us pray, 127 ; 2nd
pera subj, 114.
Bidde, Bydde, pray, entreat, sup-
plicate, 1, 5, 7, 49, 52, 87, 99,
194, 207, 209, 210, 211,212;
A.S. biddaru
Bidde]), prayeth, 211.
Bidde]>, ByddeJ, pi, pray, 99, 113,
114, 116,117, 210,219; ivip.
209.
Biddinde, praying, 219.
Biddinge, command, 12 ; en-
treaty, 194.
Biddinges, Biddynges, commands,
38, 42; prayers, 219.
Bied, Bief, Byef, are, 138, 157,
200, 204.
Bihote. See Behote.
Biginn3rnge, beginning, 138.
Bileaue, Byleaue, Byleue, belief
19, 176, 186.
Bint, binds, 15, 33.
Bisemere, scorn; pi. bisemeres,
bisemera, mockings, derisions,
22, 52, 58, 156 ; A.S. bierner,
reproach, mockery.
Bisemere]), mocketh, 22; A.S.
birnneriaUy to mock, insult
Bisihede, care, 228.
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Google
0L0S8ARIAL INDEX.
293
Bismol, bufli-ful, officious, 226.
Bissop, bishop, 189.
Bissopes, Bissoppes, Bissoppe,
189, 191, 236.
Bissopriches, bishopricks, 42.
Bist, biddest, 209.
Bisye, busy, officious, 68.
Bisyhede, Bysihede, Bysyhede,
labour, care, 164, 228; pas-
time, 231.
Bit, Byt, prayeth, asketh, 110,
114, 116, 134, 209, 211, 218,
222.
Bit, biddoth, 116, 145.
Bite, sb. bite, moisel, 223.
Biter, Byter, sing, bitter, 82,
211.
Bitere, pi, bitter, 83. .
Biterbede, Byterbede, bitterness,
28.
Bitemesse, bitterness, 15, 139,
172.
Bitejj, pi bite, 70.
Bitinde, biting, pungent, 143.
Biualf, befalls, 57.
Blame, 23.
Blamejj, blameth, 17, 137.
Blamyejj, pL blame, 59, 79.
Blasfemejj, blaspheme, 30.
Blasfemie, to blaspheme, 70.
Blasfemies, Blasfemyes, blasphe-
mies, 45, 69.
Blasfemye, blasphemy, 57, 69.
Blaujj, puffs, 32.
Blawe, blow, 168.
Blawej?, pi, blow, 24.
Bleche, pale, 53; A.S. hldCf pale;
hlcBcan, to fade, bleach. The
root still exists in bligM.
Blechest, hurtest, 147.
Blechejj, injures, defaces, 40, 115 ;
harms, injures, 238; A.S.
blceco, spot; blatch, a blotch,
Shoreham uses blokne, to be
disfigured.
The thridde day he (Christ) arosajeyn
Of the throtu (tomb) ther men hine
leyde, in tokene
That, man, thi body arise schel
Of deithe nanmoie to blokne. (p. 4.)
Blefde, Blefte, remained, 12, 59,
190.
Blefp = biZevdhy remains, abides,
30, 47, 91, 177 ; A.S. b^(i/<m
(pret. belcBfde), to leave.
Bleften,j?Z. remained, 189.
Blench, change, 130 ; Blench is
the soft form of blink.
Blende^, pi make bHnd, 33;
A- 8. blendiany to blind.
Blest, blast, 203; A.S. bl&st,
blast.
Blejeliche, joyfully, quickly, read-
ily, 20, 50, 65, 100, 102, 177.
Blejelaker, more quickly, readily,
69, 140, 180; A,S. blide, blithe,
joyfuL
Bl&XQ =lnl€ue, to remain, con-
tinue, endure, 120, 203, 225,
245 ; persevere, 232 ; remain
in (curl), 177 ; A.S. belcefan, to
leave. See Blefde, Blefte. Tho
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294
QL088AB1AL INDEX.
O.E. hUeve, hdeve^ signifiea to
lemain, abide, continua
Bleuindeliche, perseyeiiiigly, 141,
208.
Bleuinge, abiding, continuance,
dwelling, 47, 72 J perseverance,
constancy, 215, 232.
BliflfoUe, blissful, 75, 118.
Blisse, Blysse, BIysce, /. bliss,
14,71,90.
Blissede, adj. def. blessed, 70, 87.
Blissen, blessings, blisses, 93.
Blisses, blessings, 77.
Blissinge, blessing, 97, 183, 243.
Blissinges, blessings, 97.
Blisuol, blisful, 148.
BlisuoUe, def. /. blisful, 118,
186.
Blisuolliche,blisfuUy, 94.
Bli>e, glad, 87, 132; ready,
eager, 85.
Bled, blood, 1, 41, 87 j oUiq.
case, hlodcy bloode, 107, 111.
Blody, bloody, 46.
Blondere, flatterer, one who
speaks blandly, 61.
Blonderes, flatterers, 60, 61, 177.
Blondinge, flattery, 10,'57, 76.
Blondingges, 141. " Witb bland-
tn^r ne with boste." Shoreham's
Poems, p. 14.
Blynde, pi. blind, 56.
Blyssedhede, bHss, 97.
Blyssinges, blessings, 97.
Boc, book, 1, 2, 5, 14, 70, 124.
Bocherie, butchery, slaughter, 64.
Fr. boucher, from boc, a goat
Boc-house, library, 1.
Bocle, buckle, 236.
Bodi, body, 236.
BodiUch, bodily, 200.
Bodiliche, Bodylyche, ac^. pi.
bodily, 90, 119, 212.
Bodye, body, 10, 14.
Bodyes, bodies, 8.
Bodylich, adj. sing, bodily, 72;
corporeal. 111, 146.
Bok, book, 42.
Bokes, books, 42, 61.
Bolde, pi. bold, forward, 216.
BoldeUche, adv. boldly, 34, 63.
Bonte>, bolteth, sifteth, 93 ; c£.
S. ProT. Eng. bunt, to sift com ;
Eng. bunting, from Bret hwda,
Eng. bunt, to knock, pusL
Bor, boar, 69.
Bord, Borde, table, 235.
Bore, pp. bom, 221.
Borgesye, citizenship, 161.
Borgeys, Borgeyse, burgess, citi-
zen, 161, 216.
Boryeis, citizen, 161.
Boryinde, piercing, 66; A.S.
bdrian, to bore.
Borje^, take in pledge, 36.
Bosme, bosom, 163.
Bost, boast, 71.
Bosyne, sound, 137 ; A.S. hysen^
command.
Bote, but, only, except, 5, 22, 65,
72.
Boterel, toad, 187.
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OLOSSABIAL INDEX.
295
Bote-yef, except, 6, 7, 10, et
pamm.
Botme, bottom, 140 ; A.S. botm.
Botoun, "button, 86, 134.
Bouerje = bor^e, save, 134.
Bougeren, heretics, 258.
Bougre, heretic, 19.
Bougres, heretics, 69, 134 (it is
derived from the Bulgarians, a
Slavonian tribe).
Boundes, limits, 207.
Boune, O.Fr. a reed, rule, 160.
Bourdedest, jestedest, 20.
Boure, chamber, 226 ; A.S. bur.
Bouje, to obey, be obedient to,
bow to, 8, 20, 21, 68, 140.
Bou3e)>, pi. obey, 143 ; sbf. 68 ;
A.S. hugan, to bend.
Bou3inde, prone, lit. bending to,
157.
Bouj, imp. obey, 194.
Bou3inge, sh, bending, inclining,
153.
Bou3^, inclineth, 154 ; obeys, 20,
140, 141.
B03, bough, 2, 3, 4, 17, 66 ; boje,
dbliq. case, 22, 23, 58.
Bo3e8, boughs, 3, 4, 17, 65, 68,
191, 219.
Bo3e, bow, 45.
Bo3en, pret. pi. obeyed, 84.
Bo3sam, obedient, 59. This word
still exists, in buxorriy O.E.
hoghaam, bughsom.
Bo3samliche, obediently, 70.
Bo3samnesse, obedience, 101,140,
147, 217.
Bojte, bought, 133.
Bo3)>, Bou3^, obeys, 184.
Boystoyse, boisterous, 103.
Brayinde, howling, roaring, 73.
Bread, bread, 113; obliq. e. breade,
113, 235.
Brec^ = breaks, 40.
Brech-gerdel, a girdle, 205.
Bredale, bridal, wedding, 118, 223.
Bredales, marriages, 75.
Brede, breadth, 105.
Bredgome, bridegroom, 233.
Brek, broke, 16.
Breke, to break, 51, 52, 116.
Breken,^?^.^. broke, 64, 213.
Brekeff pi. break, 41.
Brekjj, breaks, 7, 8, 16, 41, 178.
Brekinge, breach, 48, 261.
Brekynde, brittle, breaking, 82.
Bren, bran, 210.
Brenge, imp. pi. bring ye, 1.
Brenge, to bring, 87.
Brenge]), pi. bring, 33, 83.
BrengJ), brings, 118, 128, 141,
218.
Brenston, brimstone, 73.
Bres, brass, 203.
Bridel, obliq. case^ bridle, 249, 254.
Bri3t, bright, pure, 74.
Bri3te, adj. pi pure, 73, 108.
Bri3te, adv. clearly, 72.
Brijtliche, brightly, clearly, 150,
200.
Bri3tnesse, Bry3tnes8e, brightness,
81, 82, 143, 200.
Digitized by
Google —
296
OLC88ARIAL INDEX.
BrocheSy brooches, 229.
BroncheSy branches, 9.
Brondes, brands, 206, 240.
Brotel, brittle, 129 ; A.S. breotan,
to bruise, break ; O. Norse,
briotcu
Brotelhede, brittleness, poverty,
130.
Broferhede, Brojeriede, brother-
hood, 110, 146.
Brojjren, brethren, 101, 102, 149.
This form is used by Shoreham.
Brojte, brought, 118, 190.
Bryad, bread, 107, 110, 111.
Bryest, breast, 175.
Bryesten, breasts, 247.
Buones, bones, 64, 148.
Burdes, jests, 66 ; Fr. bourde, a
jest ; Bret, hourd, deceit, joke.
Busse, bush, 28.
By, to be, 7, 14, 88 ; is, 7, 14,
16, 85 ; are, 9.
Byad, offered, 41 ; A.S. bead,
from beodan, to offer.
Byat, beateth, 100.
Bydde, Bidde, to pray for, 98, 99,
113, 114.
Byddynges, Byddinges, prayers,
petitions, 100 ; entreaties, 40.
Byddejj, pi pray, 107, 109, 113,
116, 117, 118.
Byeam, beam.
Byonne, to be, 131,169.
Byet, ByoJ, are, 1, 3, 6, 8, 66, i7np.
188.
Byet, begetteth, 181,
Byete, 9uhj\ beat, 191.
Byetinge, begetting, 216.
Byginninge, b^inning, 11.
Byinge, being, 82, 103.
Byknawe, acknowledge, confess,
123, 182.
Byleff, believeth, 19.
Byleue, Byleaue, b^ef, 11, 12,
19, 69, 101, 112, 114.
Bynime, rob, deprive of^ 39.
Bynt, Byndej), bindeth, binds,
77, 97.
Byrie, bier, 258.
Bysemeres, scorns, derision, 63.
Bysi, busy. See Bisye.
Bysihede, Bysyhede, diligence,
care, anxiety, 65, 93 ; occupsr
tion, amusement, 231.
Bysihedes, occupations, 165.
Bysinesse, labour, trouble, care,
66.
Bysye, pi, busy, officious, 226.
Byt, bites, 61, 62, 66.
Byt, biddeth, prayeth, 29, 110,
135.
Byter, bitter, sour, 82, 129.
Bytere,^^. 150.
"Bytopf pi, bite, 61.
By]) = byejj, are, 17, 26, 102.
Byuealde, befolded, 8.
Byoly, avoid, 134.
Byzylyche, busily, 79.
Cachie, catcli, to drive out or
from, 178; O.Fr. chaciery
cachier ; cf. modem phrase
Digitized by
Google
OLOSSABIAL INDEX.
297
* caught off/ See Glossary
to * Genesis and Exodus,^
* Caechyn^ away, fugo, agito,
abigo, effiigo.' Pr. Parv.
Calices, chalices, 41.
Calketreppen, pits or snares, 131 ;
A.S. calcortrippa, trap, snare ;
cf. Fr. chausse-trappey caltrap,
tribulus, murinus (Wr. Voc.
140), K Alys, L 60, 70. See
note on this word in Promp-
torium, voL i p. 69.
Calowe-mous, bat, 27 ; A.S. calu^
caluwy bald j O.H. Ger. chalor
wevy bald. The bat is some-
times called a reremousey from
the A.S. hrere, raw.
Can, knows, 68, 94, 136.
Candele,/. candle, candelle, 102
• 206.
Caorsins, Sarasins, usuiers, 36.
Capiteles, chapters, 1.
Capiteles, capitals, 43.
Capons, 38.
Cardinales, Cardinals, ac^\ pi. car-
dinal, head, 3, 123, 124.
Cardinals, sb, 124.
Carke]), produces, 230.
Caroyne, carrion, 86.
Carten, carts, 36.
Cortere, carter, 160.
Cas, case, chance, as in he-cos «»
perchance, 36, 42, 70, 116.
Castel, Castele, castle, 1, 43,
121, 164 ; pi casteles, 149.
Catel, wealth, 36, 36; O.Fr.
cately ehatel ; Lat. capitale.
Cause, 224.
Cedre, cedar, 131.
Cellen, cells, 267.
Chacejj, driven, 171.
Chald, Cheald, cold, chilled, 47,
138, 162, 170; A.S. cealdy
caJdy cold.
Chalenge, false claim, 34.
Chalengef , ^Z. accuse, 43; O.Fr.
chalengier ; Lat. calumniari.
See Glossary to Hampolo's P.
ofC.
ChaUs, chalice, 167.
Chambren, chambers, 224.
Chancelier, chancellor, 243.
Chapele, chapel, 66.
Chapfare, Chapuare, chaffer, un-
fair dealing, 34, 36, 44, 90,
120 ; pi cheapfares, 36, 46.
Chapfari, vh, to chaffer, trade,
162; A.S. ccdpy a bargain,
sale ; cedpiaiiy to buy ; feriaUy
to bear, carry.
Chapitele, Chapitle, chapter, 136,
220.
Chapman, merchant, 77, 168;
pi, chapmen, 76.
Chapuaie, chaffer, 191.
Chargej>, loadeth, 97 ; see R of
GL 13, 416.
Charitable, 146.
Charite, 79 ; pi charites, 83.
Charmeres, charmers, 69.
Charmes, 43.
Chast^ Chaste, chaste, 203, 221.
Digitized by
Google
298
0L0B8AKIAL INDEX.
Chastete^ Chasteiee, 4, 159, 181,
202.
Cha8te>, chaatiae, 17, 69, 100,
147, 156.
CbaaUiede, chastity, 230.
Chasti, to chastise, chasten, 8,
148,155,221; O.Vi. chadier.
Chastinge, chastening, chastise-
ment, 68.
Chastisement, 17.
Chastliche, chastely, in purity,
221.
Chaynen, Chaines, chains, 214,
264.
Cheake, cheek, 248.
Chealde,i>Z. cold, 242.
Cheap, cheape market, 36 ; ^ grat
cheap,' ' greate cheape,' abund-
ant, plentiful, 256. C£ cheep ;
pietium. Pr. Parv.
Cheapfaie, chaffer, 35, 36. See
Chapfaie.
Cheapfares, chaffers, bargains, 36,
45. .
Cheas, chose, 77.
Cheaste, chiding, strife, 30, 65,
66; pi cheastes, 57, 138;
A.S. ceast^ strife, dispute, con-
tention. See Piers Plough.
L 8946.
Che^ chaff, 62, 137, 138 ; ohltq.
case^ cheue, 210; A.S. ceaf ;
O. Dutch A:^/:
Cheker, chess-board, 45, 46.
Chele, chill, cold, 75 ; A.S. cUe ;
O.H.Ger. chu6li;pl. Cheles, 124.
Chenaille, O.Fr. dogs, 112.
Cherche, church, 7, 8.
Cherchen, churches, 30, 43.
Cherchetounes, church-towns, 41.
Cherl, churl, 76; A.S. eearl /
0. Dutch keerl (vir, rusticus) ;
jpi. cherloB, 112.
Ches, chess, 52.
Cheue, chaf^ 210. See Chef.
Chewynge, sb, chewing, 111.
Chide, 67.
Chidinge, sb, chiding, strife, 30,
65, 66.
Chiere = cherOy cheer, 155, 193 ;
O.Fr. chire, countenance^ en-
tertainment, cheer.
Chiese, Chise^ Chjeee = eheaeey
86, 93, 101, 165 ; A.S. ceasan,
to choose ; O.Saz. kiomn,
Chiese]), j)l. choose, 45.
Child, netU. 58, 84 ; oUiq, ease,
childe, 82.
Childbedde, 224.
Childhede, childhood, 82.
Childhedes, childishnesses, 207.
Child!, to bring forth a child,
224. See Orm. 156. ChOdin,
parere (Pr. Parv.).
Chinne, chin, 50.
Chise, choose, 93.
Chomberier, chamberer, 171.
Chombre, chamber, room, 215.
Chonge, change, 104.
ChongeJ), changeth, 129 ; pi,
change, 42.
Chongi, to change, 104.
Digitized by
Google
OL088ARIAL INDEX.
299
Chonginde, changing, 104, 105,
120.
Chyaste » ckecuie, strife, 67.
Chyese, choose, 86.
Chyest^ chooseth, 126.
Chyewe = cheotvey to chew, 111 ;
A.S. ceowan^ O.H. Ger. chiu-
waUy to chew.
Chyeze]), j>?. choose, 165.
Chyezinge = cheosinge, election,
42.
Cite, city, 49 ; jH. cites, 43,
149.
Glauen, claws, 61; A.S. cH;
O.Sax. clawa ; O.H, Ger. Moa ;
pL chXaiDen^ claw.
Claustres, cloisters, 267.
Clene, clean, pure, 73.
Clenlich, Clenliche, oJ;. clean,
45, 216.
Clenliche, cleanly,* in purity, 6,
48, 76, 120, 138.
Clennesse, purity, 75, 201, 202.
Clensi, Clensy, to cleanse, purify,
75, 137, 271 ; A.S. dcemian.
Clenze]), cleanseth, 73, 74, 88,
106, 171.
Clepede, caUed, 190.
Cleper, clapper (of a mill), 58 ;
O.Dutch, Ueppeuy pulsare,
sonare.
Clepest, caUest, 100.
Clepef, calls, 17, 21, 22, 26, 58,
72, 78, 79, 81, 168.
Clepie>,i?Z. call, 69, 72, 74, 112,
164.
Clepie, to call, 42, 43, 64 ; A.S.
deopian^ dypian^ to calL
Clepiy^ s» cZep^e]), call. 111.
Cleregye, Clergie, Cleigye, clergy,
learning, 16, 18, 71, 78, 81,
90.
Clergyes, sciences, 89.
Clerek, Clierk, clerk, scholar, 23,
25, 49, 78.
Clerekes, Clerkes, Clierkes, scho-
lars, 39, 42, 46, 78.
Clemesse, clearness, brightness,
95.
Cleuiinde, Cleuiynde, cleaving,
persistent, lasting, convincing,
54, 98, 107 j A.S. deqfian ;
O.H.Ger. chleheny cleave, stick
to.
Cleuiyndeliche, completely, 103.
Cliepe^ ^ clepe>, calls, 125.
Cliene, clean, 224.
Clier, Clyer, Clyre, clear, 24, 78,
104, 159, 167 ; O.Fr. der.
Clierliche, Clyerliche, clearly, 88,
156, 174, 243.
Cliff, Clyf)), climbs, 131, 132,
145, 219 ; A.S. d\fan, to ad-
here to; O.N. JdifOy scandere.
C£ O.E. davereriy to climb;
Dutch. Maveren ; Dan. hUavrSy
to climb.
Cliue, Clyue, to climb, 23, 26, 89,
127, 162.
Cliuen, prei, pi, climbed, 126.
Cliuef, pi. climb, ascend, 164,
246.
Digitized by
Google
300
GL088ABIAL INDEX.
Clom, silence, 266. See Clomsed,
in Glossary to Hampole.
Clo]y, cloth, 45 ; oUiq, case, clo^e,
188 ; pi. clothes, 47, 128.
Clojrede, pt. clothed, 133.
Clo^e^, imp. clothe, 265.
CloJ)inge, sh. clothing, 154, 165.
Cloystie, cloister, 151, 242.
CloystreiB, 67.
Clyerer, clearer, 267.
Coccou, Cockou, cuckow, 22, 59.
Col, coal, oUiq. case, cole, 82,
126, 205 ; pi. coles, 205 ; A.S.
col.
Collacious, 155.
Colour, Colur, Colurs, 15, 62, 81,
177.
Colrik, 157.
Colt, Colte, 185,' 220.
Coluer, Colure, dove, 142; A.S.
culfrey a dove, pigeon; O.K pi.
colueren.
Coluer-hous, dove-cote, 142.
Com, came, 26; imp. ging. 185.
Come, inf. to come, 87, 98 ; suIq.
pi 93, W^, imp. pi. 137.
Com&n^ pH. pret. came, 130.
Comene, gerund^ to come, 106,
152.
Come)), pi. come, 27, 91, 92.
Cominde, Comynde, coming, 264.
Comyde=Comynde, coming, 264.
Commun,Comun, Commune, com-
mon, 37, 48, 102, 147.
Communliche, commonly, 145,
146.
Commnny, to share, 102.
Comparer, 243.
Comparisoun, 81, 92, 235.
Compassion, 148.
Complexion, 157.
Comst, comest, 239.
Comste, comest thou, 264.
Com]), Come]), cometh, come, 18,
19, 26, 51, 87, 89, 161.
Comunliche, commonly, 145.
Comynge-ajen, return, 87.
ConceyueJ), conceiveth, 136.
Condecendre, condescend, 157.
Condicion, 173.
Condicions, conditions, 172.
CondueJ), leadeth, 122.
Confenni,Confermy, confirm, 109,
121.
Conferme^, confirm, 105, 106,
122.
Conferminge, confirming, 14.
Confessour, 172.
Confort, comfort, 96, 142.
Conforted, 160.
ConforteJ, comforts, 111, 160,
161.
Conforti, to comfort, 160.
Confusion, Confuzion, 229.
Conioun, 76.
Conne, inf. to know, can, be able,
21,70, 73, 94, 98, 104, 117,
130, 148; pi. 46, 58, 59,
82, 86, 100, 126, 132; 2nd
pers. 118 ; A.S. cunnan.
ConneJ, pi. know, 249.
Connynge, knowledge, 115, 122.
Digitized by
Google
OLOSSARIAL INDEX.
301
Consayle, 122.
Consentede, pret. 249.
Consentemens, Consentement,
consent, 11, 19.
Consenti, to consent, 10, 73, 117,
170, 176.
Consentinge, 117, 176.
Consplracions, conspiracies, 23.
Constance, constancy, 167.
Contac, Contak, contest, dispute,
15, iO;pl Contakes, 63.
Contemplacion, 204, 247.
Contemplatif,Contemplatiue, 199,
247.
Contrarie, Contrarye, contrary,
14, 136, 151.
Contraries, 123.
Contrarious, 28.
Contraye, country, 130.
Conuersacioun, 96, 112, 241.
Coppos, cups, 30.
Corage, courage, 164.
Corde, 58.
Com, 62, HO; pi. comes (grains),
233.
Comardyes, deceits, 130.
Comees (O.JTr.), customs or duties
on com and cattle, 3d.
Comyeres, comers, 124.
Coroune, crown, 168, 169.
Corounede, pi. crowned, 234.
Corounes, crowns, 15, 116, 169.
Corsinge, Corsynge, cursing, 28,
97.
Cort, court, 137, 256.
Cortays, courteous, 112; O.Fr.
coriois.
Cortayseliche^Corteisliche, courte-
ously, 106, 118, 160, 195.
Comp. Cortayslaker, 163.
Cortaysie, Cortaysye, courtesy,
civility, 36, 97, 98.
Corteys, courteous, 21, 22, 35,
113. ^ce Cortays.
Corteysye, Corteyzie, courtesy,
75, 118; i??. corteysyes, 162.
Cortoys, courteous, 100, 188.
Cormpcion, 227.
Compt, 82.
Cost, 68, 113, 119, 137, 176 ;
O.Dutch kosiy sumptus, expen-
sum.
Costes, expenses, 40.
Costnede, cost, 145.
Costnejj, costeth, 75, 121.
Costningge, expense, 151.
Costuolle, dear, expensive, 229.
Cosyn, Cosyne, cousin, 89.
Cou, cow, 56 ;pl Ken, 191.
Couaitise, Couaytise, Couaytyse,
covetousness, 2, 11, 16, 34,
125, 154.
Couaytous, Couaytouse, covetous,
80, 136, 154, 197.
Couche, 171.
Couent, convent, 110, 219. Cfl
Covent Garden.
Coueytise, covetousness, 137.
Coupe, cup, pi. coupes, 35. ;
Coustouse, expensive, dear, 228 ;
O.Fr. coudy expense, cost,
Couje, could, knew, 105, 126, 133.
Digitized by
Google
302
GL088ABIAL IITDBZ.
Cou^n, Co^n, pi. coold, knew,
78, 168.
Crammeles, cnimbs, grainB, 253.
Crane, 56.
Ciayme, Creyme, chrism, cream,
41, 93.
Credo, creed, 12.
Creft, obliq. ccue, craft, art, power,
35, 45, 90, 116, 157; A.S.
craefi, O.Fris. kreft.
Creftes, handicrafts, 178.
Crete, cradle (c£ mod. £ng.
eraie\ 137. Crate is generally
derived &om Lat cratea, wicker
or hurdle work. It. eratey a
hurdle ; but crete, a cradle, may
be from A.S. crata, a cart
Cristen, sing. Christian, 93.
Cristendom, Cristendome, Chris-
tendom, christening, Chris-
tianity, 64, 101, 145.
Cristene, sing. def. farm, Chris-
tian, 165.
Cristene, pi. Christian, 79, 93,
114, 145.
Cristesmesse, Christmas, 213.
Cristni, to christen, baptize, 107.
Cristninge, christening 14, 74,
107, 119.
Crokede, pi, crooked, 224.
Croki, to crook, curl, 177.
Crouche, cross. 111.
Crouchen, crosses, 41.
Cruelet^, 15.
Cryepe, «=■ereopoy creep, move,
107 ; A.S. creopian.
Curionseliche, curiously, careful-
ly, 176.
Dales, days, 198.
Damezele, damsel, 72.
Damnede, 51.
Damne^, condemns, 115.
Damni, condemn, damn, 137.
Danes = deanes, vales, dales, 39,
59 ; deauj A.S. den^denu, is a
common element in local names
in the S. of England.
Dar, dare, 32, 67, 70, 83.
Daye (obliq. case of day), 7, 13,
14.
Dayes, days, 7, 13.
Daynede, deigned, 76, 126.
Daynejj, deigneth, 18, 196.
Dajes, messe dajes, days, 214.
Deade, pL dead, 86.
DeadUch, deadly, 47, 223.
Deadwed, mortgage, 36.
Deaje (obliq. case)y death, 87,
129; dea]>es (gen. slng.\ 130;
A.^.deai.
Deau, dew, 91, 136, 144; A.S.
Deawe (obliq. case)^ dew, 91.
Docendejj, descendeth, 123.
Decendi, to descend, 123.
Deceyued, deceived, 79.
Deceyui, to deceive, 82.
Deciple, disciple, 13, 96.
Dedbote, satisfaction, amend, 32,
33 ; A.8. dofd-bot.
Dede, did, put, placed, caused,
Digitized by
Google
QL0B8ARIAL INDEX.
303
78, 86, 114, 133, 211, 216.
Dede, 8b. deed, 10, 12, 21, 74.
Deden, prei, pi, did, caused, made,
72, 78, 181.
Dedes, deeds, 10, 73, 137.
Dedest, didst* 2h
Defaced, obliterated, 190.
Defayled, wearied, overcome (with
weariness,) 33.
Defaute, lack, want, 33, 73, 261 ;
pi. defautes, 73, 78, 108, 131,
132.
Defendej), defends, excuses, 22,
61.
Defendej), pi. defend, excuse, 38,
69.
Defendi, to defend, 157.
Defouled, defiled, 167.
Defoulent, defileth, 182.
Defouli, defile, 221.
Degres, Degrez, degrees, 123, 267.
Del, deal, part, 17, 86, 175 ; A.S.
dtjel.
Dele, to separate, 76 ; A.S. dddan.
Deles, Delles, divisions, pariis, 17,
50, 60, 153; properties, 125.
Delices, delights, 24.
DeUteJ), delighteth, 47.
DeUti, Delyty, to delight, 82, 91.
Deliure, imp. deliver, 110, 118.
Deliured, Delyured, pp. deliver-
ed, 87, 118.
Deliurede,jpr6^. delivered, 95, 128.
Deliuri, Delyuri, to deliver, 12,
13, 103, 117, 198.
Deliure]), delivereth, 12&
Deliureonse, liberty, 86.
Delles, parts, 164.
Delue, delve, dig, undermine,
108 ; A.S. ddf-aUy to dig, delve,
Delyty, to delight, 82.
Delyury, to deliver, 270.
Demde, judged, 175.
Deme, to deern^ judge, decide, dis-
criminate, 13, 74, 76, 82, 126;
A.S. demariy to judge,
Demere, judge, 12, 62, 131, 138 ;
A.S. dSmere.
Demeres, judges, 39, 215, 227.
DemJ), judgeth, deemeth, 27, 28,
74, 125, 138.
Demynges, opinions, censures, 27.
Denyes, deaneries, 42.
Depe, to dip, 106 ; A.S. depan.
DepJ), dippeth, 107.
Derie, to hurt, 126, 166; A.S.
deriajiy derigan, to hurt, harm,
annoy.
Deriynde, hurtful, injurious, 63.
Deme, secret, 143 ; A.S. dyme.
Derrer, dearer, 36.
Derye, to hurt, injure. See Derie.
Deryinde, hurtful, iiyurious, 63.
Des, dice, 45.
DescendeJ), descends, 123.
DescriueJ),^. describe, 168.
Deserited, disinherited, 30.
Desert, Dezert, 67, 131, 240.
Desertesoun, desertion, 48.
Desgised, distinguished, 97.
DesgyzeJ), disguiseth, 158.
Desiri, to desire, 244.
Digitized by
Google
304
GL06SABIAL INDEX.
Desordene, inoidinate, 46.
Despayred, 34.
Despendiy to spend. DespendeJ^,
spendeth, 19, 41, 53, 187.
Despense, spending, cost, 21, 55.
Despit, contempt, despising, de-
spite, 19, 20, 21, 69.
Deeputede, 79.
Desspendoure, almoner (trea.
surer), 190.
Dest^ dost^ 118, 129, 169.
Destempringe, distempering, 153.
Destincti, distingoisb, 152.
Destorbe, disturb. Destorbed,
disturbed, 212. Destorbe^, dis-
turbs, 179. .
Destorbinge, disturbance, 225.
Destrad, destroyed, 30.
Destrue, to destroy, 28, 117.
Destruej), Destrui]), destroyeth,
destroy, 35, 36, 43.
Detraccion, 10.
Dette, debt, 35, 120, 135, 222.
Dettes, debts, 113, 115.
Dej), doeth, causeth, placeth, 31,
58, 67, 97, 102 ; ' def aye,'
breaketb, doth against, 57.
Deuines= deuineres, diviners, 19.
Deuisi, dcuise,name, tell, 73, 100,
103, 144.
Deuocion, Deuocioun, 33, 107,
136, 210, 226.
Deuouteliche, devoutly, 134, 211,
215, 225.
Diaknen, deacons, 190.
Diaymont, diamond, 187.
Dicb, ditch, 57.
Diciplines, 240.
Diere, Dyere, dear, beloved, 36,
44 ; dearly, 194.
Dier^ deamess, scarcity, 256.
Dieuel, Dyeuel, devil, 15.
Difference, 10, 210.
Digneliche, worthily, 20.
Diligence, 238.
Diligent, 32, 220.
Diligentliche, diligently, 70.
Dingnet^, dignity, 24, 112, 119,
145.
Dingnetes, Dyngnetes, dignities,
26, 42.
Dingneste, worthiest, 109.
Dingnelyche, worthily, properly,
267.
Discord, 43, 75, 157.
Discordance, 259.
Discrecion, 242, 256, 255.
Di8ete=Disese, sorrow, grief, 57.
Disordene, inordinate, immoder-
ate, unrestrained, 34, 48.
Disordenliche, immoderately, 65,
259.
Dispendede, expended, 128.
Dispende]), ) pass the time, spend,
Despendef , J 7.
Dispoyly, spoil, rob, 45.
Dissiplines, disciplines, 236, 250.
Dissuol, dishful, 120.
Distemperance, distempering, 153.
Diners, obstinate, 68.
Diners, Diuerse, diverse, different,
15, 42, 124, 244. •
Digitized by
Google
GLOBSABUL INDEX.
305
Diuerses, pi, various, 162.
Diuerse]), differs, 124.
Dijt, orders, directs, prepares, 11,
24, 124, 147, 222.
Dijte, to order, direct, ordain,
. separate, put from, 210 ; A.S.
dihiy a disposing, ordering;
dihtan, to order, arrange.
I>i3te, should distribute, 147.
Di^tere, director, 100 ; A.S.
dihiere,
DijteJ), pi. direct^ adorn, 7, 47.
Dijtinge, decoration, adorning,
24,47,215.
Di^tinges, divisions, 17.
Do, put, cause, 210 ; 247.
Do, pp. done, 68, 124.
Dobblef, dobleJ>, doubleth, 22,
48.
Doere, doer, 135.
Doinde, doing, 194.
Dol, division, 112. See DeL
Doles, divisions, 17.
Dolue, should delve, break into,
263.
Dom, obliq, case^ Dome, doom,
judgment, opinion, 6, 10, 13,
37, 74 5 justice, equity, 113,
124, 127, 148 ; A.S. dom.
Domb, dumb, 1, 179.
Dombe,^. dumb, 56.
Domes, verdicts, 40.
Domesman, judge, 115.
Domesmen, judges, 38, 44.
Done, to do, to be done, 8, 9, 11,
68, 74.
Dong, oMiq. case, Donge, dung,
61, 75, 77, 81, 137, 216.
Donghel, dunghill, 81, 230.
Dore, door, 210, 265.
Doreward, doorkeeper, 121, 263.
Dorilot, 177.
Dorre, Dorren, pi. dare, 22, 32,
78.
Dorste,^. durst^ 143.
Dorstest, durst, 73.
Do]), pi. doth, place, set, cause,
69, 72, 73.
Doumb, Doumbe, dumb, 51, 224.
Doust, dust, 26, 108.
Do}, dough, 205.
Dojter, daughter, 26.
Dojtren, daughters, 140.
Draf, dreggs, 93.
Dragoune, 174.
Draye, dry, 137, 240.
Draje, to draw, lead to, lead out^
10, 12, 77, 79, 137, 186.
DT&}e,pp. drawn.
DrajJ), draweth, leadeth, 15, 43,
100; taketh away, 40, 41;
treats, 45.
Drs^ej), pi. draw, lead, 43, 147
DrajJ^e, treatise, 251, 260.
Drede, fear, 4, 32, 74.
Drede, doubt, 105.
Drede]), pi. dread, fear, 74, 84,
86, 138.
Dreduol, dreadful,fearful, cautious,
timid, 14, 15, 16, 22, 70, 144.
DreduoUe, pi fearful, 116; ter-
rible, 42, 70 ; horrible, 189.
Digitized by
Google
306
GL088ARIAL INDSZ.
Dreduoller, more feaiful, more
cautiousy 117.
Diench, 9b, drink, 130.
Drenche, to drink; 3rd ting.
Bring]), 251, 248. '
Dret, dreadeth, 26, 34, 116, 125,
203.
Drinkeres, drinkers, 47.
Drinc)), drinketh, 137, 245, 247.
Drink]), drinkeih, 95, 251.
Drinke]), pi, drink, 248.
Dronke, pp, dronken, 75, 107,
127, 247.
Dronkehede, drunkenness, 260.
Dronkenese, drunkenness, 248.
Drope, drop, 75, 91, 92, 189.
Dropen, drops, 84, 92.
Dropes, drops, 92.
Dro}, drew, led out^ 13.
Dropen, treated, 164.
Dru}^ drought, 68.
Dryf|>, driveth, 75.
Dryng]), drencheth, 248.
Dyacne, deacon, 190.
Dyad, Dyead, a, dead, 12, 71, 82.
Dyad, dead, 126.
nyade,i>Z. dead, 13, 30.
Dyade, obliq. ccm^ 263.
Dyadlich, Dyeadlicb, 8, mortal,
deadly, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 73,
110, 144.
Dyadliche, Dyeadliche, pL and
def. form of the adj.^ 9, 70,
113.
Dyadliche, Dyeadliche, adv,
deadly, 6, 7, 86, 225.
Dyaf, deaf, 1.
Dyakne, deacon, 225.
Dyaknes, deacons, 235.
Dyamod, = Dyamond, diamond.
Dya^, Dyea]), obliq, case, Dya^,
dyeajw, 7, 12, 13, 23, 27, 69,
70, 71, 72, 86, 95.
Dyau, deau, dew, 144.
Dyane, Dyeaue^ dea^ 189, 211,
224.
Dyead, dead, 240.
Dyeadlich, mortal, 244, 247.
Dyere, dear, precious, 36, 68, 79,
123.
Dyere, adv. dearly, 73, 133, 194.
Dyep, Dyepe, deep, 211, 264.
Dyepenesse, deepness, depth, 105,
211.
Dyeuel, devil, 15, 65.
Dyenele, oldiq. cagey 1, 16, 19, 86.
Dyeules, devil's, 77.
Dyeulen, Dyeules, devils, 17, 73,
83, 86.
Dyuers, obstinate, hard, 68.
Dyuerse, pZ. divers, 73.
Dyjte, disposed, ordained, 270.
Ealde, def. old, 169 ; A.S. eald,
old. See Aid.
Ealde, i?Z. old, 102,166,
Ealdinge, becoming old ; 95, A.S.
ealdiany to grow old.
Eare, ear, 189.
Earen, ears, 204, 249.
Ech, oUiq, case Eche, each, 11,
12, 17, 18, 62, 71, 104.
Digitized by
Google
0L08SARIAL INDKZ.
307
Echedajd, each day, 16,
Echedajesy adv, daily, 112.
Echen (o( to, ine), each, 11, 13,
63, 119, 121, 122, 124, 125,
147.
Eddre, adder, serpent, 26, 61,
150 ; A.S. iweddre.
Eddren, serpents, 61, 203.
Edefie, 197.
Eft, Efte, again, 12, 13, 33, 71,
80.
Efter, after, 66.
Efterjyan, afterwards, 24.
Efberward, afterward, 24, 25.
Eft8one,Eftzone, eftsoon, 73, 229.
Elde age, old age, 11, 69, 71,
220; A.S. eldo,yldo.
Eldeste, eldest, 6, 104.
Eldringes, elders, 35, 118; A.S.
ealdoTf an elder.
Eles, O.E. owelSf awls, 66 ; A.S*
(bZ, dlf amlf an awl, needle,
hook.
Elifans, elephant, 224.
Elleshuer, elsewhere, 211.
Ebnesse, alms, 17, 76.
Slmessen, pi, alms, 198.
Emcristen »» O.E. evencrieten^
fellow-christian, 10, 199 ; A.S.
em. (in comp.) even.
Emeroydes, emeralds, 77.
Emne, even, 151 ; A.S. emne,
Emni, to makeeqnal to, 16 ; A.S.
emnian.
Emparement, becoming worse,
148.
Emperour, Emperor, 71, 78, 100,
101.
Empire, Empirite, empire, 85.
Emti, empty, 143; A.S. emtig,
Emte]), empties, 58.
Enchauntemens, enchantments,
43.
Encheysones, Enchesons, causes,
205, 206.
Encheysonn, Enchesonn, Enchei*
soun, Encheyson, reason, cause,
68, 205, 206, 217.
Endaimture, taming, 220.
Ende, end, death, 33, 68.
Endi, Endy,toend, 110, 113, 115.
Endinge, death, end, 31, 71.
Englis, English, 1.
Enghsse, pi, 5.
Engiined, ensnared, entrapped,
154. See Grine.
Eni, Eny, dug, any, 16, 21, 89,
. 115 ; ohliq, ease^ enie, 119.
Enie, Enye,|7Z. any, 5, 21, 68.
Enlefte, eleventh, 14, 49 ; A.S.
endlufon^ eleven ; endlyfta,
eleventh*
Enne, ace. one, 129, 244 ; A.S.
(hfif one.
Ennelepi, single, 75, the same
145 ; A.S. omlepigj dnlipig,
each, every, singular.
Ententiflyche, attentively, 210.
Entremes, entries, 56.
Entremetti, meddle with, 152.
Enuenimed, Enuenymed, poison-
ed, 27, 203.
20'
Digitized by
Google
308
0L0S8ABUL INDBX.
£nuenyine]>, EnueymeJ, poisons,
26, 62.
Enuie, Enuye, envy, 7, 16, 26,
67, 75.
Enuious, siTig, 27.
Enuiouse, pi. 27.
Eppel, apple, oUiq. case^ epple,
64, 82, 84.
Ereges, O.Fr. heretics, 40.
Eresye, heresy, 69.
Eretiks, heretics, 182.
Ennitage, hermitage, 250.
Eritage, heritage, 36, 39, 101,
102.
Eri, earl, 71, 86.
Erles, 224.
Errour, 69, 70.
Erjan, before that, 160.
Erjje, earth, 2, 5, 12, 67, 89.
Erjlich, earthly, terrestrial, 75.
ErJ>Hche,i>?. earthly, 6, 149, 260.
Erye, Erie, to ear, 214 ; A.S.
erUm^ till, plough, ear.
Essese, ash, 137.
Est, eatest, 54.
Et, imp. eat, 50.
Ete, to eat, 60, 61, 96.
Etene, to eat, 51, 146.
Eteres, eaters, 47.
EteJ), pt eat, 64, 61.
Eth, eateth, 51, 52, 53, 95 ; imp
64.
Ethe, Ethene, to eat, 52, 177.
Ethen, pret. pi. ate, 206.
Etheth,j>Z. eat, 182.
Etinge, eating, 56.
Euel, Euele, sing, evil, 85 ;
disease, 202.
Euele, pit. evil, wicked, 20, 66,
69; adv. badly, wickedly, 68,
110.
Eueles, evils, ills, diseases, 153,
224.
Euelwyl, malice, 114.
Eure, ever, 48, 71.
Eurebleuinge, eternity, 106. See
Bleue.
Enrich, Eurych, every, 268.
Euieichen, Eurichen, cux. every
one, 146,
Eurelestinde, everlasting, 95, 97,
104.
Euremo, evermore, 5, 13, 14, 56.
Eurinne, ace everyone, 136.
Ewangelist, 230.
Examene]>, examines, 184, 266.
Examined, 137.
P.-rfttniTiij to examine, 163.
Excuse]), excuses, excuse, 33, 61,
69.
Excusi, to excuse, 7.
Exequitours, executors, 38.
Exil, 215.
Eyder, either, each, 66.
Eyr, 62.
Eyren, eggs, 174. See Aye.
Eyrs, heirs, 102, 107.
Eyse, ease, pleasure, 48, 24, 94.
Eyses, pleasures, 204.
Eysy, to ease, please, 82.
E3e, eye, 75, 81.
Ejen, eyes, 19, 75, 81.
Digitized by
Google
OL08SARUL INDEX.
309
Eyjte, eight, 45.
Ejtende, £3teiide, eighth, 2, 10.
FaUe>, fails, 186.
Faili, to fail, 209.
Eailinde, filing, slothful, 32.
Faly, to fail, 173.
Fauc, scythe, 251.
Fauotir, 230.
Fayle]), sing. & pi fails, fail, 33,
68, 171, 210.
Fayl^, to fail, 82, 195.
Fayntise, deceit, 26.
Fel, fierce, savage, %Q.
Felhede, fierceness, 29, 159.
FeUaker, moie fiercely, 174.
Felle, def. fierce, 66, 50; fierce one,
30 ; mperl Felliste, 61.
Feller, fiercer, 61.
Felonie, Felonye, felony, crime,
30, 67, 149, 150.
Felonyesy crimes, ^%.
Felonn, felon, wretch, 29, 30.
Feruent, 121.
Feste, feast, entertainment, 156.
Festes, feasts, 7, 26, 41, 213.
Feure, fever, 29.
Fiaunce, affiance, confidence, trust,
164.
Fiebble, Fyeble, feeble, 31.
Fiebles, feeble ones, 148.
Fieblene, a4:c, feeble, 227.
Filosbfe, Filozofe, philosopher,
164, 126.
Filosofie, philosophy, 164.
Figure, 234.
Fisician, Fisiden, physician, 143,
172.
Fisike, Fizike, physic, 53, 54.
Flatour, flatterer, 257.
Flatours, flatterers, 257.
Flechchi, to flinch, waver, 253.
Fleumatike, phlegmatic, 157.
Flom, Flum, 95, 202, streauL
Flour, flower, 230.
Flour, 210.
FloureJ), flowers, 28.
Flouringe, bloom, flowering, 36.
Fol, Fole, foolish, 22, 23, 26, 46,
64, 68.
Fol, fool, 59, 205.
Foleant, foolish, 244.
Folebayrie, O.Fr. ambition, 17.
Foles, fools, 86, 164, 212.
Folie, folly, 70.
Folies, Folyes, 10, 16, 52, 66.
FoUiche, foolish, 23, 43, 64.
Folliche, foolishly, 141.
Fomayse, fiimace, 205.
Fomicacion, 4, 6, 47.
Foire, O.Fr. doubly, 59. This
word is adopted from the Fr.
text
Forriers, harbingers, 195.
Fourme, form, 87, 220.
Fiiinges, fryings, 23.
Frotej), 8ub, rubs, 155.
Frut, fruit, 38.
Fructefide, 234.
Fyeble, feeble, 157.
Fyeblesse, feebleness, 33, 69.
Fyebleste, feeblest, 148.
Digitized by
Google
310
QLOBBABIAL INDEX.
Gabbe^, pi, talk, chatter, 69;
A.S. gabban, to acotL
Gad&sepfpL gather, 101.
Gaderi, to gather, collect, 120,
133.
Gaderinge, gathering, 192.
Gamelos, chameleon, 62.
Ganglindd^ jangling, chattering,
226.
Gardin, Gardyne, 94, 97.
Gardins, 38.
Gardyner, 94.
Gauel, usury (exorbitant), 9, 35;
A.S. ga/ol, tax, tribute.
Gaueleres, money-lenders, usurers,
35, 36, 135.
Gauelinge, Gauelynge, usury, 34,
35.
Gauelockes, fetters, 207. '
Gelt, sin, trespass, gmlt, 30, 104 ;
Gelte, ohliq. case, 74; Geltes,
offences, 15.
Gelti, Gelty, guilty, 175.
Geme, game, gambling, 34, 46,
46.
Gememen, gamblers, 63.
Gemene, game, play, 46.
Gemenes, games, 45, 213.
General, 14.
Generalliche, generally, 9, 14, 16,
17.
Generalliche, catholic, 14.
Gentil, Gentyl, 2, 75.
Gentilesse, nobility, 89.
Gentylete, 89.
Gentile, pi. 89.
Gerde, gird, 236.
Gerdel, girdle, 236 ; oUiq. case,
gerdle, pi. gerdles, 236.
Gerlondes, garlands, 71.
Germayn (bro})er), 146.
Gender, Gemiere, gamer, 191.
Gerse, Gerze, grass, 28, 121. See
Agerse.
Gerten, pi. girded, 236, 254.
Gee^ a short strap with ring at-
tached round the feet of a
hawk, 264; Fr. geds, from
Lat jacere, to cast
Gest, goest, 129, 130.
Geat, guest, stranger, 249.
GeJ), goes, 56, 57.
Gibet, gibbet, 128.
Gily, Gyly, to beguile, deceive,
15, 157, 238.
Ginnes, snares, 54, 77, 131 ; Fr.
engin, engine, instrument ;
O.Fr. engirif fraud, crafL
Ginninge, Ginninyge, Ginnynge,
beginning, 12, 14, 16, 28, 32,
100.
Gled, glad, 265 ; pi. glede, 268.
Glede, to rejoice, 265.
GledeJ, rejoiceth, gladdens, 27,
81.
GledieJ>,i?Z. be glad, rejoice, 238.
Glediynde, rejoicing, 267.
Gledlaker, the more gladly, 113.
Gledliche, gladly, 54, 59, 187.
Glednesse, gladness, 27, 238, 266.
Gledye, to gladden, rejoice, 266.
GledyeJ), rejoice, 258.
Digitized by
Google
OIiOSSABIAL INDEX.
311
Glea, glass, 76, 82.
Glorefye, 270.
Glorifie]), gloiifies, glories, 25.
Close, 187.
Glotonye, Glotunye, gluttony,
248.
Glotoun, glutton, 50, 53, 248.
Glotoune, Glotounes, 50, 52, 55.
Glotounliche, gluttonly, 111.
Glotounye, Glotunye, Glotony,
16, 50, 52, 55, 157.
Glu, cement, 246.
Crodele)), pi, slander, 66.
Godelinge, slander, eyil speaking,
65.
Godelinges, slanderers, 66.
Godkede, 12.
Godspelle, gospel, 28, 50.
Godspellere, Godsspellere, eyan-
gelist, 2, 12, 13, 14.
Gost, Goste, ghost, spirit^ 12, 54 ;
Gostes, pi. 159.
Gostlich, sing, spiritual, 27, 29,
87.
Gostliche, pi 7, 8, 21, 41.
GostUche, ghostly, spiritually, 7.
Goth=:^o^, goat^ 210.
Goye, joy, 226.
Graate, great, 133.
Grace, 10, 15 ; graces, 17, 79.
Graciouser, 24.
Granted, Graunte]), grants, 7,
225.
Grantinge, Grauntinge, granting,
consent, 10, 11, 47, 211, 212.
Grantinges, Grauntinges, con-
sents, 47.
Grat, great, 17, 18, 19.
Grater, Gratter, greater, 36, 79,
116.
Grateete, Gratteste, greatest, 41,
44, 88, 140.
Gratliche, greatly, 47, 156.
Gratne, ace. great, 238.
Grayns, 230.
Greate, Greatte, jtZ. great, 19, 25.
Greaten, dot, pi: great, 139.
Gredden,i>?. cried, 212.
Grede, cry, boast, 22, 31, 212 ;
A.S. grwdanj to cry, call, say.
Grede]), proclaim aloud, 148.
Gredinge, cry, 212; Gredynges,
talking, chattering, 266.
Grene]), becomes green, 95.
Grenhede, greenness, 28, 94, 97.
Greny, to become green, 95, 97.
Grese, 205.
Gret = gredeth, crieth, 56.
Greuej), grieves, 142.
Greui, to grieve, 39.
Greuousliche, grievously, 47.
Greynere, gainer, 140.
Grihond, Gryhond, greyhound,
75.
Grines, snares, 77. See Gryn.
Grislich, horrible, 49, 74.
Grochej), muiminrs, 30, 34, 68.
Grochi, to murmur, grudge, 67,
68.
Grochindeliche, grumblingly,
grudgingly, 193.
Grochinge, Grouchinge, murmur-
Digitized by
Google
312
OL088ABUL INDEX.
ing, 2, 34, 43, 64, 67, 67.
Grochinges, 67.
Glomes, men, grooms, 210 ; A.S,
guma^ a man ; 0.K gome,
Giond, Grounde, Grunde, ground,
1, 23, 34, 246.
Groniynge, groaning, 264.
Granny, to grants groan, 67.
Gryhond, greyhound, 76.
Gryn, snare, trap, 47 ; A.S. griiu
Guo, go, 32, 60.
Guod, Guode, eh, good ; also
goods, wealth, money, 6, 6, 10,
13, 14, 41, 61.
Guod, adj. good; oUiq, case,
guode, 2, 6.
Guoden, dot. pL 72.
Guodcheap, cheap, 44.
Guod-doere, benefactor, 136.
Guode, 2>Z. good, 10, 61 ; def. 2.
Guodes, goods, 2, 4, 18, 247.
Gnodhede, goodness, 79, 233.
Guodne, ace. good, 238.
Guodnesse, goodness, 18, 29, 99.
Guodnesses, pL 18.
Guoinde, going, passing, tempo-
ral, 120 ; wayfarer, 196.
Guoinge, sb. going, 264 ; pi. Guo-
inges, 231.
Guonne, to go, 226.
Guos, goose, 32.
GuoJ), pi. go, 7, 34, 62.
Gyly, deceive, 238.
Gynnes, plans, devices, 28. See
Ginnes.
Ha, he, 10, 12, 23, 30, 49, 66.
Habbe, to have, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11.
Habbe, Ist pers. »ing. have, 24,
71.
Habbe]), pi. have, 8, 14, 22, 26,
32.
Haf==.half, behal£ SeeRalL
Half; side, hand, 1, 13, 72.
Halke, comer, retreat, 210 ; A. S.
heal, angle, comer ; Halkes, pL
143.
Halle, hall. 102.
Halt, holdeth, esteems, 16, 18,
19, 23, 26, 128; observes,
196.
Haluedele, half-part, half, 36.
Halues, halves, divisions, 16.
Haljede, hallowed, 40.
Haljen, holy ones, saints, 6, 13,
14, 72.
Haljen, holy one, 97, 72, 219 ;
A.S. halga, a saint.
Halje>, haUows, 106, 237.
Halji, Hal^y, to hallow, 7, 237 ;
A.S. JuUgian.
Ham, them, 6, 8, 13, 14, 60.
Ham-zelue, themselves, 6, 16, 40.
Hand, fern. 149; obliq. case,
Honde ; pi. Honden, 236.
Handle)), handle, 236.
Handlinge, handling, touching^
46.
Hap, fortune, chance, 76.
Hard, Harde, severe, 189.
Harder, 174.
Hardi, Hardy, 16, 83, 123.
Digitized by
Google
OLOSaABIAL INDBX.
313
Hardiesse, Hardyesee, boldnesfl,
83, 162.
Hardiliche, Hardyliche, boldly,
hardily, 18, 75, 143, 208, 233.
Hardneese, severity, hardship,
236, 240.
Hardylaker, more boldly, 60.
Hare, her, 76, 181.
Hare, their, theirs, 72, 73, 144.
Hare, to them, 116.
Harkni, to hearken, 63.
Hanni, Harmy, to harm, 9, 10,
11, 23, 63, 82.
Harmuol, Harmuolle, iigurious.
Harnesses = hardnesses, hard-
ships, 181.
Harten => hearten, hearts, 223.
Hassassis, assassin, 140.
Haste. See An-haste.
Hastede, made haste, 174.
Hasteliche, hastily, 173.
Hasti, to hasten, 174.
Hastrf, hasty, 183, 184.
Hat, commands, 8, 78.
Hateden, pi. hated, 72.
Hatie, to hate. 8ee Hatye.
Hatie]),^?/. hate, 43, 114.
Hatte, is called, 1, 133, 150.
Hatye, to hate, 73, 74, 101.
Hatye>, pi hate, 72.
Hanberk, 171.
Haued, head. See Heaued.
Hanedliche, capital, 15.
Haued-zennes, head sins, deadly
sins, 16.
Hauene, haven, 183.
Hazard, 171.
Healde, hold, keep, observe,
esteem, 5, 53, 65, 132, 160.
Healde]), i>Z. hold, 145.
Heap, Heape, collection, quan-
tity, 130; assembly, 267.
Heaued, ohliq, case^ Heauede,
head, 1, 2, 16, 57.
Heaueden, Heaudes, heads, 2, 14,
15, 16.
Hed = hield = held, 241.
Hedde^ had, 7, 13, 14, 15.
Hedde, hid, 129.
Hedden, had, 31, 77, 126.
Heddest, hadst, 58.
Hede, heed,, caution, 32, 155.
Hede, to hide, 44, 163.
Hede]), pi. hide, 41.
Hedinge, secrecy, 196. Eobert
of Gloucester used hudinge,
secrecy. Cp. 0.£. ^t(26^, hiding
place, lair.
Heg, hedge, 232, 240.
Hel, ohliq. case, Helle, hill, 5, 82,
103.
Held, healed, 148.
Helden, pi. healed, 96.
Hele, heal, 129.
Hele, to hide, 175. Hele>, pi.
cover, 180; A.S. Man, to
cover.
Helle, hell, 13, 15.
Helles, hills, 59, 143.
Helm, helmet, 265.
Helpe, to help, 42, 102.
Helpe, eb. helpe, 65.
Digitized by
Google
314
OlOaSARIAL IITDBX.
Helpinde^ helpings 30, 62, 63.
Help>, helps, 147.
Hekny, entreat, 253 ; A.& heal-
jtani 1.
Helt^ coTereth, 177.
Kel}, lieala, 144.
Hel>e, salvation, 265.
Hennen, hens, 38.
Her, imp. hear, 181.
Her, Miq. eaae^ Here^ hair, 181.
Herbe^eiies, innkeepers, hai^
homers, 39.
Herherj], to harhonr, entertain,
199.
Here, hair, 176, 177. See Her.
Here, hair cloth, 227.
Heresye, 267.
Here^, pi. hear, 59.
Here)), praises, 136.
Heretike, 19.
Heretiks, 134.
Herie, Heiye, to praise, 23, 62,
55, 78, 212; A.S. hMan.
Herie]», pi. praise, 10.
Heriynges, praises, 39, 267.
Herkneres, hearkenera, listeners,
58.
Hert, hart» 216.
Herte, heart, 3, 6, 8, 10.
Herten, hearts, 46, 68.
Heruest, harvest, 86.
Herye, to praise, 78.
Heiye^, pi praise, 108, 268.
Heryinge, Heriynge, praise, 23,
134
Heryinges, praises, honours, 267.
Hes, hare, 55.
Hest, (thou) hast^ 20, 21, 31, 71.
Heste, hehest^ command, 2, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9 ; A.a hcee.
Hestes, heheets, commands, 5, 11,
15, 103, 234.
Het^ hath, 90, 174.
Het) commanded, 5, 239 ; A.S.
hdian (pret. hiat)^ to com-
mand, ordain.
Hete, heat, 55. Hetes, heats,
124.
He>, hath, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15.
Hette, Hetten, was called, 41,
48, 67, 124, 184.
Hened, Heaued, head, 31.
Henedes, heads, 15.
Heuene, heaven, 6, 12, 13.
Heuenelyche, heavenly, 269.
Heuenryche, Heaven-kingdom.
Heni, Heuy, heavy, 31, 44, 140.
Heninesse, heaviness, 4, 31.
Hewe, ciy, 195.
Heyrone, 193.
He}, eing. Heje, def. fomi A
pi. high, 7, 16, 23, 25, 48, 60.
H^e, adv. high, 23, 24, 26.
Hejemen, great men, nobles, 36.
Hejere, higher, 44, 122, 133.
Heje se, the high (open) sea, 182.
He^este, Hejest, highest, 25, 109,
247.
Keifef, exalts, exaggerates, 136.
Hejinge, profit^ usury, 35.
Hejliche, chiefly, principally, 5,
26, 27 ; profound, 264.
Digitized by
Google
OLOBSARIAL INOSZ.
315
He^neese, hlghnesSy exaltation,
97, 106 ; height^ 89.
He^aesses, highnesses, exalted
stations, 24, 208.
He3]>e, height^ 24.
H^jyes, profits, 35.
Hi, she, 7, 16, 28, 37.
Hi, they, 3, 8, 12, 13, 20.
Hider, hither, 140.
Hidonse, horrible, 161.
HidousHche, hombly, 6.
Hiealdej), pi. hold, 160.
Hier, here, 18, 116.
Hiere, Hihere, to hear, 177, 244.
Hierej), pi hear, 256.
Hierine, herein, 232.
Hierst^ heaiest, 210.
Hier]», hears, 209.
Hier]>e, hearing, 54.
HUd, held, 206, 226.
Him, himself, 5, 6.
Him-zelf; 5, 6, 34 ; oUiq. case.
Him zelue, 15, 21, 22, 24, 38.
Hine, him, 7, 16, 31, 52.
Hire, them,6,10, 13,16, 19,32, 35.
Hire, gm. her, 24, 37, 49, 217.
Hiren, (of) her. 111.
Hiren, theirs, 38, 60.
His, Hise, them, 5, 11, 15, 17,
24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 36, 37, 38,
40, 55, 58.
His, Hise, her, 54, 58, 64, 97.
Hit, it, 1, 8, ei passim.
Hoc, hook, 121.
Hod, Hode, consecration hood,
235.
Hodee, hoods, 49*
Hogges, hogs, 89.
Hokes, hooks, 264.
Hoi, whole, healthy, 51, 129.
Kole^pl whole, 148,
Holen, whole ones, 205.
Holer, more wholesome, 251.
Holinesse, Holynesse, 25, 49.
Hollyche, wholly, entirely, 28.
Holylaker, more holily, 7.
Holyer, whoremonger, 51 ; O.Fr*
Jiouler,
Holyhede, holiness, 247.
Holyliche, Holylyche, holily, 74,
102, 221.
Holyiste, holiest, 54.
Holywiyt, 77.
Hond, hand, obliq. ease, Hondo,
19.
Hond, hound, o^tg. ease, Honnde,
55, 75, 155, 156 ; pi. Hondes,
Houndes, 70, 179.
Honden, hands, 31, 47.
Hondred, hundred, 55, 234.
Hondredajte, hundredth, 234.
Hondredsi^ Hondredzi)^ hun*
dred times, 124.
Hondreduald, hundredfold, 19L
Honeste, honest, decent, 222,
229.
Honestliche, fairly, beautifully,
47.
Honger, hunger, 75.
Honge]>, pi, hang, 40.
Hongi, Hongy, to hang, to be
hanged, 31, 57, 137, 218.
Digitized by
Google
316
eUMBABUI. IHDKX.
?
Honjy honey, 60.
Hope, tnut, expectation, desire^
5, 6, 12, 19, 29.
Hope>, troBtB, 207.
Hopye, to hope, 89.
Hor, filth, 228 ; obliq. ease, Hoie,
229; A.&lfanf,filUt
Hord, txeasme, 185, 241 ; A.S.
Heord.
Horde]>, treasuieB up, 182.
Hoidom, whoredom, 79.
Hordyeie, treasmes, 121 ; A.S.
Heardere,
Hor^UTOste, hoai &osi
Horling, whoremonger, 52.
Homes, 14, 15, 32.
Hors, neut, horses ; obliq, ease^
Horse, 35, 140.
Hosehonnd, husband, 239.
Hosiynge, Hosiinge, wearing
hosen, 154, 177.
Hot, 139.
Hole]), commands, 122. 8m
Behat.
Hotere, commander, lawgiver, 1 09.
Hotestre, hostess, 53.
Hotinge, exiling, banishment, 1 48.
Hon, how, 2, 3, 17.
Hous, oHiq, case. House, pi.
Houses, 41, 43, 172.
Housebonde, Housebondes, 48.
Huader, whether, 51.
Huam, whom, which, 9, 16, 18,
20, 148.
Huan, whom, 17.
Huanne, when, 6, 8, 11, 103.
Hoannes, whence, 115, 264.
Huas, whose, 38, 60, lOL
Hoe, how, 47.
Hner, where, 6, 13, 14.
Hueran, whereon, 176.
Huer-by, whereby, 24^ 26.
Huerine, Huerinne, Huerynne,
wherein, 23, 31, 44, 109.
Huermide, wherewith, 23, 176.
Huer-ot whereof 13, 16, 17, 24.
Hueronder, where under, 221.
Hueroppe, where up, 251 .
Hueruore, where for, 3, 80, 123.
Huet, what^ whatever, 4, 9, 20,
26, 27, 34.
Huet, lo ! 51, 59.
Huete, wheats 139, 141.
Huetene, wheaten, 82.
Huejel, wheel, 24, 76.
Huich, Huych, which, whatso,
such; pi, Huiche, Huyche,
6, 38, 45, 52, 57, 100, 107,
115.
Huichen, Huychen, dcA. pi,
which, 7, 15, 91, 98.
Huider, Huyder, whither, 115,
129,
Huiderward, whitherward, 131.
Huile, Huyle, while, whilst^ 7.
Huils, whilst, 139.
Himiours, 129.
Huo, who, 5, 7, 8, 10, 24.
Huose, whoso, 110.
Huyt, white ; pi Huyte^ Hwite,
181, 228.
Hy, she, 17, 26.
Digitized by
Google
0L0S8ARIAL INDEX.
317
Hy, they, 1, 3, 16.
Hyalde, hold, 21, 64, 206, 220.
Hyanei hyena, 61.
Hyap, Hyeape, heap, 139, 159.
Hyealde, to hold, esteem, 53, 54,
58, 138, 154 ; to be observed,
11 ; contam, 225 ; jpres, subj,
23, 59 ; pret, subf. 147, 166.
See Healde.
Hyealde]), pi. support, 35; be-
Heve,134; hold, 145.
Hyelde, pi. held, 27.
Hyelde>,i??. hold, 124.
Hyer, imp. hear, 257.
Hyer, here, 66, 163.
Hyer-be-uore, herebefore, 59.
Hyere, to hear, 70, 154.
Hyerere, hearer, 256.
Hyere-zigginge, hearsay, 117.
Hyer]), hears, 256.
Hyer>e, hearing, 231, 240, 256.
Hyejinges, exaggerations, 63.
Hyre, to hear, 231.
Hyre, their, theirs, 72, 96.
Hysians, heralds, 45.
langli, to talk, chatter, 214.
langledest, chatterest, 20.
Icinge, ^c^tinfhjiYaxicef 16.
Idi;t, ordered, directed, 214 ;
decked, 216.
leutilmen, gentlemen, 190.
Iguo, gone, 242.
leu, Jew, 43.
Ileste]), lasteth, 209.
Ilich, iliche, like, 87, 202.
Hke, same, 88.
Hore, lost^ 241.
Imad, made, 145.
Ine, Inne, in, 203.
Inguoinge, entrance, prelude, 72,
105.
Inhonest, dishonourable, 220.
Inhonestliche, indecently, 177.
Innocence^ 141, 181.
Inpacience, impatience, 67.
Inwyt^ Inwytte, consciencet
logelour, 172.
loie, loye, joy, 75, 156.
loliuete, lolyuete, jollity, 53.
loine, loyne, 77, 88.
lomaye, journey, 253.
loisse]), loysse]), rejoices, 25.
loyaus, jewels, 206.
lowele, loyel, jewel, 112, 156.
Irchouon, urchin, hedgehog, 142.
Ire, anger, 147.
Iroted, rooted, 247.
lual]), beilEdlsy 54.
luele, to feel, 131.
lueles, jewels, 77.
luggi, to judge, 130.
lustise, justice, 153.
Izi, Izy, to see, 164, 173, 243.
Izy^t, sees, 196.
Jz&}, saw, 158.
Kan, can, knows, 22, 99 ; Kanst,
21.
Karoles, carols, 71.
Eechene, kitchen, 171.
Eembe, to comb, 177.
Digitized by
Google
318
OLOflBABlAL INDBX.
Eempd, Boldier, cliampion, pi.
Kempen, 45, 50.
Ken, Kenne^ kin, 22, 37, 42, 48,
66.
Ken, kine, 191.
Kende, Kennd, kind, nature, 18,
37, 61, 189.
Kendelioh, Kendeliche, natural,
24, 47, 90.
Kenrede, kindred, 89.
Kessinge, Eesinge, kissing, pi
Kessinges.
Kest^ kisses, 46, 90, 161.
Keste, to cast ; Keste, cast^ prei. ;
Kest, casts, 66, 99, 171.
Keste, kissed, 245.
Kestinge, casting, 22.
Kete, kite, 52.
Elene, clean, pure, chaste, 5, 106.
Elenliche, cleanly, chastely, 26,
140.
Klennesse, cleanness, purity, 205.
Klensy, to cleanse, 235.
Klerek, clerk, 42.
Knaulechinge, Knawlechinge,
knowledge, 106, 132, 200.
Knaw^, knows, 26, j^* Knawe^,
70.
Enewen, pi. knew, 246.
Kni^t, Kny^t, knight, 36.
Knyjthod, knighthood, 82, 161.
Enotte, knot^ 253.
Euead, Eued, Eueade, Euede,
adj, bad, wrong, sinful, sh.
sin, evil, wickedness, 6, 8,
11, 14, 17, 38, 39, 51, pi.
Eueades, Euedes, 17, 26, 52.
Eueadhedes, Euedhede, evils,
sins, 101.
Eueadlich, EueadUche, Kned-
liche, wickedly, badly, sinfully,
5, 6, 8, 9, 40, 41.
Eueadnesse, Euednesse, sin,
wrong, 10, 40.
Eueaduol, Eueduol, sinful, 182.
Eueme, to please, 21, 197;
Euem^, pleases, 228. See
Qneme.
Euemynge, pleasing, 26.
Euen, Euen, Quen, queen, 80l
Eue^ =: kuel>, wells up, 248.
Euenche, to quench, 204.
Euenc^, quenches, 62.
Euik, Quik, Euikke, Qnicke,
alive, living, evident^ 67, 98^
134, 146.
Euit, kuyt, quit^ free, pi Euytte^
kuitte, 41.
Lac, fault, 62.
Lackes, faults, defects, 32, 33,
136, 177, defilement, 201.
Lacke]», fails, 210.
Lamb, ohiiq. caee^ Lombe, 232,
236 ; pi. Lambren, lambs, 138.
Lang, long, ohliq. caacj Longe^
99, 170, 218.
Languesse, longness, length, 105.
Langour, 93.
Laige, liberal, 21, 23 ; Larger, 24.
Latgeliche, largely, liberally, 37,
77, 147
Digitized by
Google
0L08BABIAL INDEX.
3id
Largesse, libeialify, 102, 159,
188.
Laste, Lasten, (ate) at last^ 49,
239.
Laudes, 51.
Launder plain, 216.
Laydoy laid, 149.
Layt, lights 66.
I^yjj, lays, 41.
L^e, law, 5, 7, 169.
Lajes, laws, 97.
Leade^ lead (plomb-line), 150.
leas, lost) 85.
Leat, bowed, 239.
Leaue, obliq. case of Leaf, 1;
Leaues, 57, 59.
Leawede, Lewede, lewd^ laymem,
39, 42, 46, 237.
Leaadnge, lie, 62.
Leazings, Lezinges, lies, leadngs^
2,58,62, 63.
Lei^inges = leaadnges, lies, 61.
Leche, physician, surgeon, 129.
Lecherie, 9, 17, 41 ; Lecheries,
3L
Lecherous, 111.
Lechurs, 55.
Lecherusly, 128.
Lechi, to heal, 174.
Led, imp. lead, 116, 262.
Ledde, pi. led, 96.
Lode, to lead, pass, 44.
Lede^, pi. lead, pass, use, 50, 53.
Ledinde, leading, ei^joyin^ 168.
Lefthalf, leftside, 152.
Lefjy, liveth, 69, 134.
Lef>, believes, 182.
L^gge, to lay, 149. A.S. lecgan.
Leme, limb, 47, 115; Lemes, 6, 9.
Lemman, beloved, 230.
Lenden, loins, 46, 236. A.S.
lendena.
Lende, lent^ 37.
Lene^ to lend, 35.
Lenere, lender, 35.
Lene^, pi. lend, 35, 36.
Leng, imp. delay, 194.
Longe^ to delay, prolong, 173.
Longer, longer, 56.
Leninge, sh. lending, 35.
Lenten, 175.
Len^, lends, 6, 135.
Lenynde, lending, 35.
Lore, loss, 36, 46.
Lesse, Les, less, 2, 28, 90, 118.
Lesse^, lesselk, depreciate, 28,
136.
Lesse, to lessen, 175, 267.
Lessoun, 135; Lessouns, 56.
Lest» Leste, leasts 36, 44, 84, 90.
Lesnesse, forgiveness, 14, 263.
Lessynge, diminution, lessening,
268.
Leste, to endure, 84.
Lestynde, lasting, 84.
Let, lead, 51, 115, 185.
Let, letteth, 31, 181.
Let» leaves, ceases, 17, 26, 97,
111, 212, 269.
Lete, to let^ permit, 56, 73.
Lete, to leave, forsake, give up,
74, 78, 117, 165.
Digitized by
Google
320
GLCflSARIAIi IHDEX.
Jjeief, let, pL 40,42.
Lete^, fonake, leave, 6, 77, 165.
Lettie, lettres, 1, 40.
Leih, leadetb, 200.
Leuayne, leaven, 205.
Leue, Leiie>, 60, 86, 89.
Leue, dear, beloved, 113.
Leve^ Leue^, live, lives, 54, 62,
74^ 93, 141.
Leuede, lived, 71.
Leued, Louedj, pi. Loaedys, 47,
67.
Leuere, rather, liever, 31.
Leuest, livest^ 194.
Leueth, lives, 214.
Leoinge, remainder, 73.
Lewed, Lewede, layman, laity,
25.
Lezere, gleaner, 86.
Lezinges, lies, 63.
L^e, to laugh, 161.
Le3er8, liars, 19.
Lejinge, laughing, 161.
Le33e, to laugh. 111. iS66 Lhejje.
Lhade, to lade, 178.
Lhapwynche, lapwing, 61.
Lhap)> = Iheapf, leaps, jumps,
66, 155.
Lheape, to run, spring, jump, 27,
89, 93, 156.
Lheape)>, pi. leap, run, 140.
Lhene, lean, 53, 189.
Lhest^ listens, 61, 268.
Lheste, to listen, 70, 133, 199,
229.
Lheste>, pi. 268. AS. Ihisian,
to listen.
Lhestninge, listening, 258.
Lheuc, 8low,^loath, 31. A.S.
wlcBc, slack, remiss.
.Lheucliche, lukewannly, slow,
31.
Lheuedi, Lheuedy, lady, 24, 53,
57, 64.
Lheuedyes, ladies, 215.
Lhejinges, laughter, ^3.
Lhe3)>, laughs, 93.
Lhe33e, to laugh, 58, 214. A.S.
hlihan (pret hloh).
Lhip, Ihiep, leapt, 45.
Lhord, lord, master, husband,
obliq. ease, Lhorde ; pi.
Lhordes, 1, 6, 7, 20, 37, 54>
221.
Lhordinges, lords, 67.
Lhordssip, Lhordssipe, lordship,
54, 68.
Lhoude, loudly, 212.
Lhoue, obltq. case^ loaf, 82.
Libbe, Libbe)>, live, 28, 32, 34,
53,70,74.
Libbinde, Libinde, living, 13, 73,
74, 149.
Libelles, 40.
Licnesse, Liknesse, likeness,
pattern, 49, 92.
Licuol, pleasing, delightful, 217.
Liese, lose, 214.
Lieme, imp. learn, 73.
Liemi, to learn, 209.
Lif, oUiq. case. Line, Hfe, 72.
Ligge, to lie, 31, 223.
Digitized by
Google
OLOSSARIAL INDEX.
321
Likeroiises, pleasant, delightful,
47, 54.
Like]), pleases, is pleasing, 63,
187.
Liki, to please, 215.
Likinde, Likynde, pleasing, 62,
63, 126, 214.
Likinge (pL Likinges), pleasure,
delight, 23, 46, 248.
LikneJ), resembles, 88.
likni, to delight in, 245.
Liky, to delight in, 177.
line, Linene, linen, 178, 236.
lingne, line, 160.
Lioun, lion, 17.
Lipars, leopards, 131.
Lippen, lips, 210, 211.
Lite, Httle, 28, 31, 43.
Litel, little, 29.
LiJ), lieth, 31, 55, 83.
Lijliche = li3tliche, easily, 249.
Li^te, lights little, 11, 99.
Lijte, Lijte, light, 270.
Lifter, easier, 78.
Lijthedes, levities, 207.
Li^tlaker, easier, sooner, 229.
Li^tliche, Li3tyliche, easily, quick-
ly, venially, 6, 9, 63, 115, 183,
255.
iioc, lock, 255.
Lodesmanne, pilots 140.
Lodlakest, most loathsome, 49.
Lodliche, obscene, 257.
Lodlichbede, loathsomeness, 203.
Loke, look, behold, 97, 129.
Lokede, kept, 18, 204, 235;
looked, 242. See Loki, Loky,
observed.
Lokeden, pi. looked, 245.
Lokere, guardian, 21; pi. Lokeres,
220, 222.
Lokes, locks, 151.
Lokes, Whitsunday, 143, 163,
213.
Al here joyen a lok Sounday,
And alle the that me aspye may.
That hyre and (on) erthe felle,
Al fram Crystes ascencioun
Al-wat (until) oomthe hyre assumpcioun
To thyBsere loungy schelle.
Shoreham's Poems, p. 127«
Lokest, keepest, 93.
Lokej), look, 26, 89.
LokeJ), keeps, 213, 248.
Loki, Loky, to keep, be kept,
observe, keep . guard, beware,
keep from, protect, save, 5, 7,
8, 11, 39, 41, 42, 53.
Loki, Loky, look, 43, 89 ; regard,
consider, 195 ; A.S. lodan.
Lokinde, keeping, observing, 232.
Lokinge, Lokynge, Lokingge, care,
custody, award, decision, 8, 19,
65, 128, 158; 'Ui^QloJdnge of;
as regards, 108, 109.
Lokinge (ayen), looking back, 242.
Lokinges, looks, 242, 245.
Lombe, lamb, 236.
Lompe, ohliq. case of Lamp, 233.
Lompen, lamps, 189, 218, 233.
Londe, ohliq. case of Land, 37 ;
pi. Londes, 36.
Lone, loan, 35, 36.
Longaynes, comers, 212.
21
Digitized by
Google
V
322
GLOSSABIAL INDEX.
Longe, adv, long, 205.
Longe, on account of, 266.
Loren, lost, 235.
Lo8,fame, 26, 28, 63, 116, 141,
Fr. lo8.
Loeengeri, deceit, lies, 10, 23.
Lost, obliq, case Loste, pi, Lostes,
lust, desire, pleasure, 24, 46,
72, 78, 82, 91, 92.
Loste)>, pleases, 246.
Lo8tuol,Z2«(/'M/, pleasing, pleasant,
desirable, 80, 94, 110, 244.
Lostuolle, LostfoUe, pleasant,
desirable, 91 ; delicious, 158,
204.
LostuoUer, more pleasant, 92.
Lostuolliche, greedily, 51.
Louede, Loueden, loved, 52, 230.
Louerede, love, 3, 145, 146.
Loui, Louie, Louy, Louye, to
love, 6, 31, 55, 62, et passim,
Louiejj, Louyejj, loves, love, 6, 61,
78, 210, 270.
Louiinde, Louiynde, loving, 75,
145.
Louriinde, louring, 256.
Louyeres, lovers, 270.
Lozeniour, liar, 22.
L03, Lo3e, low, 105, 138, 139,
140; coinp, Lojer, 175 ; superL
Lo3este, 119, 122.
Lo^e]?, diminishes, is lessened,
humbles, 49, 136, 246.
Eojnesse, humility, 246.-
Lojy, to lower, lessen, depreciate,
humble, 28, 216.
Luxurie, 157.
Lyad, lead, 141.
Lyazinge, leasing, lies, 63.
Lyckestre, lickster; translates Fr.
lecheresse, 56.
Lyeaf, leaf, 62.
Lyeas, lost, 203.
Lyeasinge, lie, 60, 175.
Lyeaue, leaf, 1.
Lyeaues, leaves, 57, 96.
Lyeme, Lieme, imp, learn, 70, 72,
233.
Lyemest, leamest, 73.
Lyeme]), LyemieJ), learn, 36, 53,
74, 75, 122, 133.
LyeTui, Lyemy, to learn, 2, 34,
70, 99, 135, 161.
Lyese, to lose, 40, 57.
Lyesinges, lies, 10, 57.
Lyest, loseth, 33, 49, 62, 129.
Lyeue, oMiq. case of Lief, dear,
117, 213.
Lyexnef , lies, 66.
LyezeJ), lose, 117, 149.
Lyeje, Ke, 218.
Lyejef , Lye3ef, lie, belie, 10, 22,
44, 52, 56, 63, 129, 133.
Lyejinge, lying, 63, 143.
Lyjere, liar, 58, 62, 256.
Lye3]?, lies, 63.
Lyf, life, 70, 71 ; obliq, case^ Ljue,
93.
Lyfno]», livelihood, sustenance,
138.
Lykede, delighted in, 267.
Lykerous, pleasant, 95.
Digitized by
Google
OLOSSARIAL INDEX.
323
Lykef, is like, 81.
Lyke)>, deHghts, 178.
Lyky, to delight in, 127.
Lykynde, pleasing, 80.
Lykyngo, likeness, 81.
Lykynges, pleasures, 112.
Lylye, 230.
Lynx, 81.
Lyte, little, 36.
Ly)>, lies, 52.
Lyjtliche, lightly, easily, 104.
Mageste, majesty, 266.
Magnamitie, 163, 164.
Magnificence, 164, 168.
Mainies, maims, sores, 135.
Maine, Mayne, retinue, servants,
household, 139.
Maister, master, pi, maistres, 76,
200.
Make, 7nasc. mate, 226.
Maked = makef, makes, 249.
Maki, Maky, to make, 27, 40,
44, 47, 154.
Makiere, Makyere, maker, creator,
251, 267.
Makiinde, Makinde, making, 35,
. 42.
Makynge, "Makiynge, making,
creation, creature, 1, 92, 218.
Malancolien, Melancolien, melan-
choly (one), 253.
Malice, 26.
Man, obliq. case Manne, j>l
Men, gen. pi. Manne, 8, 9, 11,
21, 24, 31.
Manere, Maniere, Manire,Manyere
{pi. Maneres, Manyeres), man-
ner, mode, way, 6, 14, 15, 19,
21, 23, 37, 146.
Manhede, Manhod, Manhode,
manhood, homage, 12, 19, 118,
145.
Manie, Manye, pi. many, 26, 31,
165.
Mankende, mankind, 1.
Man8la3pe, Manslajte, pi. Man-
slajjjes, manslaughter, homi-
cide, 8, 30, 54, 57, 115. 7< ^
Manzinge, excommunicate, curs-
ing, 143, 189. See Amanziuge.
Marcat, Markat, market, obliq.
case, Markatte, 23, 36, 42.
Marchons, merchants, 36, 39.
Mares, marshes, 250.
Manage, Manages, 39, 148.
Marissi, to marry, 220.
Markes, bounds, limits, 223.
Martire, Martires, 53, 73,83, 166.
Martired, 111.
Martirement, martyrdom, 77.
Materie := Matiere^ matter, 49,
118, 136.
Matyns, 51.
Maugre, 69.
Mawe, to mow, 214.
Mayden, pi. Maydenes, Maydines,
12, 15, 48, 98, 118, 218.
Maydenhod, maidenhood, 228,
231.
Mayne, family, household, domes-
tics, 30, 129.
21
Digitized by
Google '
324
OL08SARIAL INDEX.
\
Mayster, Maystre, master, 35, 68,
97.
Maystresse, mistress, 34, 206.
Maystrie, mastery, 91, 92, 169.
Maje, maw, stomach, 56.
Me, one, they, 17.
Mede, reward, payment, pi.
Medes, 35, 42, 90, 169.
Medi, to reward, 146.
Medicine, Medicines, 22, 69.
Medles, quarrels, 41, 66.
Meduol, meritorious.
Mele, meal, flour, 93.
Melk, milk, 137, 177.
MeUe, mill, 24, 68, 141.
Melodie, Melodya, 151.
Melte, melted, 171.
Memorie, 104.
Menestrala, minstrels, 192.
Menet, mint, 241.
Menetime, meantime, 36.
Meniynges, meanings, thoughts,
230.
Mennesse, communion, fellow-
ship, 14, 268; A.S. ge-mohines.
Mentel, mantle, 188, 221.
Merci, Mersi, 28, 29, 137.
Merciuol, merciful, 189.
Mere, mare, 185.
Merite, merit, 134.
Merss, marsh, 251.
Mes, mess, dish, 55, 56.
Mesayse, Mezayse, Meseyse, un<
easiness, sorrow, poveriy, 185,
191 ; to displease, 58.
er,
messenger, pi. Messagieres,
Messagyers, 151, 195, 211.
Messages, 122, 189.
Messe, mass, 20.
Messe-daye, mess-day, 175.
Messen, masses, 31, 32.
Messinges, messes, dishes, 71.
Mest, adv. most, 23, 26.
Meste, adj. most, 72, 89.
Mesteres, officials, 39.
Mestier, craft, 187.
Mestyeres, offices, 122 ; works,
operations, 167.
Mesure, Mesures, measure, mo-
deration, 44, 51, 52, 53, 252.
Mesure]), moderates, 254.
Mesuri, to moderate, 252.
Met, dreams, 128.
Metal, 139.
Metals, 167.
Mete, Metes, meat, food, meats,
9, 29, 61.
Meteles, dreams, 164.
Meteres, dreamers, 32.
Metinge, dream, 143.
Metinges, dreams, 32, 77, 92.
Meyster, practice, 65.
Mezel, leper, 202 ; Mezels, pi.
224.
Mid, Myd, Myde, with, by, 5, 10,
12, 43, 44.
Middel, Midel, Mydle, mean, 78,
136, 249 ; superl. Midliste^
122.
Middelguodes, Myddelguodes,
middle goods, 136.
Digitized by
Google
f
GLOBSARIAL INDEX.
325
Milde, Mylde, meek, 133 ; comp.
Milder, 24, 204.
Mildehede, Myldehedo, meekness,
110, 133.
Mildeliche, Mildelyche, meekly,
135.
Mildenesse, Myldenesse, meek-
ness, 65, 131.
Mildi, to make mild, become
meek, 177.
Miracle, Miracles, 56, 134.
Misbeleuing, unbelief^ 134.
Misbileue, unbelief, 13.
Misbylefde, Misbyleuinde, un-
believing, 69, 252.
Misdede, misdeed, pi. Misdedes,
113, 114, 135.
Misde]>, misdoes, acts wrongly,
114.
Misdo, sin, err, 19, 113, 115,
136.
>Iisdoeie, 8, 132.
Misdoing^, 1^.
Misdo)>, pi. misdo, sin, 100.
Misfalles, ah. misfortunes, 84.
Misge)>, goes wrong, 94.
Misleuee]), disbelieve, 180.
MisUki, displease, 257.
Misnim)>, mistakes^ errs, 160.
See Nime.
Misnimynge, error, 109.
Mispay]», displeases, 50.
Misprayse, mis-praise, 136.
Mis-ret, advises badly, mis-advise,
184.
Mis-say)>, Mis-zayJ), mis-says.
slanders, defames, 8, 28, 62, 69.
Mis-sede, Mis-zede, slandered,
defamed, 132, 133.
Mis-serued, served badly, 20.
Mis-sigge, Mis-zigge, mis-say,
slander, defame, 57, 189. See
Zigge.
Mis-sigger, Mis-ziggere, slan-
derer; pi, Mis-siggeres, Mis-
ziggeres, 256, 257.
Mis-sigge^, Mis-zigge)>,2?^. slander,
10, 70, 193.
Mis-sigginge, Mis-zigginge, mis-
saying, slander, defamation,
65, 66.
Misual, misfortune, 30, 86, 182.
Misualle, to' turn out badly, mis-
befall, 193.
Miswende, to turn aside, go
astray, 253; pL Miswende]), 22,
40, 52, 67, 136 ; dng. Miswent,
â– 18, 27, 62.
Mis-ziggere, slanderer; pi, Mis-
ziggeres, 61, 136, 177.
Mi^t, mightest, 57, 179.
Mi3te, vh, might, 31 -jpl, Mi3ten,
42, 52, 55.
Mijte, eh, might, 7, 15.
Mijti, mighty, 103.
Mi^tuol, powerful, 130, 237.
Mo, more, 118, 135.
Moche, Mochel, much, great, 7, 9,
21, 57, 119, 181 ; to moche,
exceedingly, 14.
Mochelhede, Mochelnesse, great-
ness, fulness, abundance, ex-
Digitized by
Google
f
;
320
OLOSSARIAL INDEX.
travagance, 93, 117, 204, 218.
Moder, mother, 8, 89.
Modren, mothers, 67.
Molde, mould, 95.
Momenes, Momenettes, idofs, 6,
239.
Mone, moon, 82.
Monek, Moneke, monk, 219, 239.
Moneye, Monaye, 26, 62.
Mongenel, a warlike instrument
for battering down walls, 116.
More, more, greater, 7, 18.
Moref , increases, exaggerates, 28,
60, 175.
Mori, Moiy, to increase, 45, 79,
175, 176.
Morsel, pi. Mosselea, 24, 56, 248.
Mortyer, mortar, 116.
Molten, morning, 46, 108.
Mostard (seed), 143.
Mot, may, must, 52, 137.
Mot, Mote, speck ; pi. Motes,
108, 175.
Mofe, mouth, 256.
Moydrer, murderer, 171.
Mo^e, Mo3en, may be able, 10,
15, 21, 31, 86, 92.
Muekliche, meekly, ^5,
Miiltepliest, 218.
Multiplied, 190.
Musi, Musy, Muzy, to wonder,
muse, amuse, 47, 104, 231.
Myde, with, 50.
Myny, to mine, dig, 108.
Mysnjrme, mistake, 55. See
jNime.
Mysnym]), mistaketh, 83.
My s-sigginge, slander, defamation,
66.
Myjten,^^^. might, 58, 165.
Myjtest, mightest, 104.
My^tuol, mighty, 83; pH. vxyyt-
uoUe, 269.
Nakedliche, nakedly, openly, 1 74.
Nameco)>hede,NamecouJ)hede, re-
nown, fame, 25 ; A.S. nam-
CM«, renowned.
Nameliche, especially, 21, 44.
Namore, Xanmore, no more, 2 7,
49, 187.
Nase, nose, 204.
Katurel, natural, 18.
NaJ)emo, neverthemore, 41.
Nayle, nail, 43.
Naj = na3t, not, 222, 246.
Najt, not, 18.
Nawerelles, nowhere else, 210.
Nebsseft, image, likeness ; A-S.
neb, face.
Kele, Nelle, Tie wilCy will not,
31,56,71.
Nemef = nimej), takes, 92.
Nemnej), names, 103.
Nemni, I^emny, to name, men-
tion, 49, 57, 164; A.S. fiemnan,
Nenne, ace, none, 22, 30, 48.
Nere, were not, 20, 86.
Kes=ne tres, was not, 26, 66, 72.
Nesshede, deUcacy, softness, 267.
Netlen, Nettlen, nettles, 156,
230.
Digitized by
Google
f
}
GL08SARIAL INDEX.
327
Nette, Nettes, net, nets, 77, 170.
Nejj, hath not, 84, 210.
Neuerte, never-to, never yet^ 99.
Neure, never, 26.
Neuremo, nevermore, 71.
Newehedes, novelties, 151.
Newen, (of the) new, 99.
Newnd, ace, new, 162.
Ne3ebore8,Ne3eboures, Nejybores,
Ne}3ebores, neighbours, 30, 36,
38.
Nejen, nine, 45.
Nejende, ninth, 38, 45, 49.
l^ejlecj), approaches, 105 ; A-S.
neah4oBcan, to approach.
Nhesse, Nesssse, soft, 153 ; A.S.
hncesCf soft, delicate, nesh,
NhesseJ), makes soft, 94.
Nhicke, neck, 138, 216.
Nice, foolish, 59.
Niede, Nyede, business, need,
necessity,emergency,pZ. Niedes,
Nyedes, 30, 31, 36, 39, 52,
63, 73, 95, 142, 151, 152, 168.
Nieduol, Nieduolle, needful,
necessitous, 36, 95, 110, 112,
134, 151, 193.
Niej, Nyej, nigh, near, 51, 76.
Comp. Nier, Xyer, nearer, 234.
Nim, irrip. take, 54.
Nime, Nyme, should take, 55,
148, 155 ; A.S. niman (pret.
nam),
Nirae, Nyme, to take, 37, 67, 77.
Nimene, to take, 165, 166, 195.
Nimere, taker, 218.
Nime)>, pi take, 35, 38.
Niminge, Nyminge, taking, un-
dertaking, 21, 164; exactions,
39.
Niminges, undertakings, 183.
Nim)>, Nym)>, takes, 22, 24, 30,
32, 37, 49, 50.
Ni))inges, niggards, 154.
Nixt, Nixte, Nyxte, next, neigh-
bour, 30, 78, 79, 122, 182.
Nijt, Nyjt, night, 51, 52 ; ohliq.
case, Ni3te, 52.
Noble, 87.
Nobleliche, nobly, 55.
Noblesse, nobleness, 20, 22, 24,
59, 60.
Nobleste, 92.
Nolde, sing,^ Nolden, jpZ., would
not, 64, 132, 173.
Noldest, wouldst not, 146.
Nole, Nolle, Nolle]), wUl not, 35,
38, 39, 59, 60, 64, 79, 134, 209.
Norn, took, 45, 87, 88.
Nome, pp, taken, 204.
Nome, pi, took, 97.
Non, None, no, none, 29, 64.
Non, noon, 32,
Nonen, none, 68, 134, 152, 157.
Norice, nurse, 161.
Noriches, nurses, 60.
Norissede, nourished, 96.
Norissejj, Norisset, nourisheth,
21, 83, 140, 167.
Norrissinde, Norrissynde, nourish-
ing, 95, 112.
Norissinge, nourishing, 112.
Digitized by
Google
328
%
OLOSSARIAL INDEX.
Norissy, Norrisi, to nourish, 127,
154.
Nortuie, 112, 113.
Norjjene, northern, 256.
Not = ne wot, knows not, 25.
Kotaiyes, 40.
Note, profit, 247, 256; A.S.
notu^ nyt^ utility.
Notejj, flourishes, 260 ; A.S.
notiaTiy to use, enjoy.
N"o])er, neither, 130, 134.
Noj^ing, not^t^, no wise, 192.
Noty, to note, 118.
Nou, now, 87.
Noyse, 66 ; Noyses, 266.
Novices, 155.
Novis, novice, 155.
Nykeren, mermaids, syrens, 61.
Nykke, neck, IS5; pi. Nykken,
Nymst, takest, 110, 111.
Nytej), ne witeth, know not, 72.
O, one, 186.
Obedience, 140.
Ofacsed, questioned, tried, 153.
Ofdret, afraid, 266.
Office, offices, 122, 124, 125.
Official, 37.
Offre, offer, 194; Ofl&^de, offered,
193.
Ofguo, deserved, 13.
Ofguoinge, deserving, merit, 215.
Of halt, restrains, refrains, 178.
Ofhealde, Ofhyealde, to keep
back, withhold, restrain, re-
frain, 9, 24, 38, 46, 177; pp.
254.
Ofhealde]^, Ofhyalde]!, keep
back, withhold, 38, 39, 41, 78.
Ofhealdinge, ^, withholding; 34.
Ofhild, restrained, 190.
Ofrendes, offerings, 41.
Ofringe, offering, 229.
Of served, deserved, 131.
Ofserue)>, deserves, 222.
Ofseruinge, deserving, merit, 114.
Oftake, overtake, 43.
Oftyened, very angry, 66.
Oksen, oxen, 243.
Okaejf = aksethy ask, demand, 54,
109.
Oly, oU, 136.
Olyfont, elephant, 84.
On, one, 9, 48; *al on* = the
same, 15.
Onarmed, unarmed, 170.
Onbint, Onbynt, unbinds, 97.
OnbHssed, unconsecrated, 41.
Onbojsam, disobedient, 21.
Onbojsamnesse, disobedience, 33.
Onbynde, unbind, 172.
Onbynde)>, pi, unbind, 40.
Onchargef , unloads, 97.
Onclenlich, Onclenliche, un-
cleanly, impure, 42.
Onclennesse, uncleanness, 203.
Onconnynde, ignorant, unknown
ing^ 59.
Onconnynge, ignorance, 131.
Onconnynghede, Onconnynd-
hede, ignorance, 33, 40,
Digitized by
Google
/^'!
OLOSSARIAL INDEX.
329
Oncou]>e, uncouth^ strangers, 37,
193, 253.
OndelfJ?, digs up, 61.
Onder, under, 12.
Onderbere, support, 84.
Onderlinges, underlings, subjects,
39.
Ondemime, undertake, 83, 123.
Ondemimjj, surprises, 173.
Onderstanst^ understandest, 270.
Onderstant, understands, 56, 129,
130.
Onderstonde, to understand, 14 ;
undertake, 131 j jyp. 14, 57 ;
pret, Understod ; sul^. Under-
stode, 138 j imp. Understand,
129. Onderstonde)>, pi. 79.
Onderstondinge, Onderstond-
ingge, understanding, 24, 56,
113.
OnderuangJ), receives, 33, 65,
143.
Onderuinge, Onderuynge, pL
received, 101, 267.
Onderuonge, to receive, 14, 100;
pp. received, 14.
Onderuonge]), pi. receive, 38, 42;
Onderuonginge, receipts, income,
37, 172.
Onderuot, underfoot, 85, 184.
Onderzekj), searches out, 184.
OndeJ), opens, 189.
Ondo, undo, 106, 107, 136.
One, alone, 103, 104.
Onen, dat one, 101, 102, 190.
Onest, honest, decorous, decent.
45, 214.
Onestete, decency, 53, 224.
Onef, unites, 88.
Onhede, unity, oneness, solitude,
79, 142.
Oninge, Onynge, union, concord,
65, 67, 135, 153 -ypl Onynges,
67.
Onjoini, urgoin, 107.
Onkende, unkind, unnatural, 188.
Onknawyndliche, unknowingly,
175.
Onleak, unlocked, opened, 67.
Onlepi, Onlepy, Onelepi, one,
same, single, 12, 13, 14, 21,
73, 88, 101.
Onlepihede, singularity, 21.
Onlepiliche, Onlepilyche, only,
55, 76, 176.
Onlosthede, disinclination, sloth,
31, 153, 163.
Onlosti, idle, 170, 174.
Onlyche, only, 265.
Onneajjes, Onnyeafe, scarcely,
hardly, 15, 18, 19, 28, 29, 174,
182.
Onpayf, displeases, 50.
Onrijt, unright, 39, 221.
Onrijtuol, Onri^tuolle, wrong,
unlawful, 39, 270.
Onssriuel, careless, 32.
Onspekynde, ineffable, 266.
OntodeHnde, indivisible, 266.
Ontrewe, untrue, unfaithful, dis-
honest, 18, 36, 37, 270.
Ontreujje, untruth, 17, 218.
Digitized by
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330
OLC88ARIAL INDRX.
Ontieweliche, untruly, dishonest-
ly, 44.
On^nk, displeasure, 69.
On)K)liynde, On)K)lyinde, intoler-
able, 265. See J)olie.
Onwone)>, discontinues, 32.
Onwor^y sb. sbame, displeasure,
oJ/. poor, hateful, moan, 35,
49, 132, 215, 270.
OnwoTJ^e, imp. despise, 196.
Onwor)>ede, despised, 77.
Onwor]>esty despisest, 20.
Onworjwj), despises, 8, 34, 79.
Onworj7hede, contempt, 29, 175.
Onworf i, unworthy, to hold un-
worthy, despise, 22, 64, 84,
162 ; A.S. unworfian, to dis-
honour.
Onworj^Iych, unworthy, 132.
OnworJ^nesse, contempt, 9, 168.
Onwri, discover, lay bare, 174.
See Wraye, Wri.
Onwrif, opens, 68.
Onwri^e, uncovered, 244.
Onwryje, openly, 88, 112.
Onwyt, folly, 82, 83.
Onwythede, foUy, 19.
Onwytynde, unwittingly, 37.
On-zauwed, unsaved, lost, 18i.
Onzyginde, invisible, 263.
Op, Ope, up, above, over, upon,
39, 54, 236, 240.
Oparizinge, ascension, 213.
Opbere, upbear, support, 30.
Openede, opened, 96.
Oponi, to open, 130.
Openliche, openly, 65, 73. p.
Ophebbe^, heave (lift) up, 21
Opinions, 69. sp
Oplet, to starve, 33. 8.
Opniminge, Opnymynge, und(.
taking, enterprise, 22, 83, 84
Opnome, uptaken, possessed, 145.
Oppe, open, 253.
Oprisinge, resurrection, 227.
Oprijt, upright, 56.
Op ]>et, upon that^ so that^ 232.
Opweninge, overweening, pre-
sumptuous, 21.
Opwexeth, grow up, increase, 75.
Ordaynede, 7.
Ordaynef, OrdeyneJ), 29, 123,
153, 260.
Ordayni, Ordeyni, to set in order,
subject to, 94, 152, 263.
Ordenliche, Ordeneliche, orderly,
temperately, 125, 151.
Ordinance, 125.
Ordine, orderly, not inordinate^
153, 259.
Ordre, order, 48.
Oreysonne, Oreysonnes, prayer,
prayers, 51.
Orible, Orrible, horrible, 43, 137.
Orped, valiant, 183.
Ost, host, 67.
OJ, oath, 6, 64 ; oMiq. case, oJ>e,
65 ; pi ofes, 64.
Ofor, or, 9, 10.
0])er, other, second; pi. of re, 6,
89.
0)>erlaker, otherwise, 91, 94.
Digitized by
Google
OLOSSARIAL INDEX.
331
Of erhuil, 0)>erliuyl, sometimes,
21, 30, 40.
Oj^ren, dat pi 136.
Oj^rene, Ofrenne, aac other, 8,
9, 10, 11, 21, 27, 28, 29, 30,
66, 175.
Oueral, everywhere, 25, 35, 173.
Ouercom, oyercame, 169.
Ouercome, inf. 167, 168.
Ouercominge, victory, 169.
Ouercom)>, overcomes, 117, 149,
169.
Ouer-dede, excess, 55.
Ouerdoinge, excess, 258, 260.
OueigeJ), overgoes, surpasses, 34,
112,252.
Ouerguoj), ph surpass, overgo,
212.
Ouerliche, Ouerlyche, above, 123.
Ouerlinge, ruler, 8, 122, 141,
147.
Ouerj)rau]>, overthrows, 168.
OuerfraweJ), pi. overthrow, 136.
Ouerwenere, presumptuous (one),
21, 22 ; 2^?. Ouerweneres, 59.
Ouerweninde, overweening, 169.
Ouerweninge, presumption, 17,
21, 29.
Ouer-yemJ, transgresses, over^
runs, 323. See Yerne,
Ouet, fruit, 27.
Oule, owl, 27.
Oure, hour, 54.
Oure, our, ours, 19.
Oures, prayers, 112.
Oumemens, ornaments, 140.
Ous, us, 117.
Outguoinge, outgoing, 190.
Outkestinge, out-casting, offshoot;
pi, Outkestinges.
Outnime, Outynome, Outnome,
except, 221, 250.
Outrage, Outtrage, extraordinary
thing, excess, extravagance ;
pL outrages, 19, 54.
Oxi, to ask, 114.
Oyle, oil, 93.
Oynement^ ointment, 93.
03e, Ojen, O^ene, own, 17, 21,
22, 28, 39, 48.
Ojeneres, proprietors, owners, 37.
03ninge, possession, 37.
O3J), owneth, 9.
Paci, Pasi, to pass, pass away,
191, 214.
Pacience, 166.
Pfimeworjje, pennyworth, 90.
Pans, pence, 190.
Parfite, perfect^ 185.
Parfitlyche, perfectly, 144.
Parti, to part, 107.
Partiner, partner, 253.
Pasinde, passing, temporal, 209.
Pasindeliche, temporally, 172.
Passion, Passioun, 142.
Patroyllart, provincial, 211.
Paye, to please {sing, pay)>, ph
paye)>), 182, 216.
Payenes, pagans, 236.
Payinges, pleasings, 216.
Payse, peace, 162.
Digitized by
Google
332
GL088ARIAL INDEX.
Paysible, Payzible, peaceable, 261.
Penonce, penance, 221.
Peregrinage, pilgrimage, 187.
PeriloQsliche, perilously, 254.
Peile, pearl (of the eye), 158.
Peneuerance, 208.
Perseuerantliclie, perseveringly,
210.
Pese, peace, 261.
Pesen, p^. pease, 120.
Pette (ohliq. case oipet), pit, 207.
Pe)>, PeJ)e, path, 127, 185.
Pilgrime, 253.
Pine, tonnent; pL Pinen, tor-
ments, 130, 131, 265.
Pine)>, torments, 141.
Piteus, Pitous, piteous, merciful,
144, 150.
Plait, pleading, lawnsuit, 39.
Piastres, 148.
Playneres, plaintiffs, 39.
Playni, to complain, 132, 190.
Playteres, advocates, 39.
Playtinge, pleading, 162.
Playty, plead, 99.
Plente, plenty, 161.
Plenteliche, plentifully, 105.
Pieces, plays, sports, 207, 214.
Poer, power, 170.
Pokoc, Pokoce, peacock, 257, 270.
Pond, pound, 190.
PorchaceJ, 176, 219.
Porchaci, Purchaci, to purchase,
obtain, or earn a living, 193,
195.
Porpos, purpose, 209.
Pore, Porse, puree, 187, 188.
Poruaye, Poraeye, to foresee, pro-
vide for, 152.
Poruayef, Poruey]), provide for*
distribute, 145.
Poruayjj, provides for, 138.
Porueynde, taking thought for,
265.
Porueyonce^ prudence, 156.
Possessioun, 149, 150.
Posst, Posste, post, 148, 207.
Poty, to put, 135.
Poudres, powders, 148.
Pouer, power, 164.
Pouer, Poure, poor, pi, Poueren,
190.
Pouerehede, poverty, 138.
Pourehede, poorness, 130, 216.
Pouri, to pore, 177.
Pouringe, lookinge, 177.
Pourpre, purple, 229.
Poyns, points, 160.
Praysy, Prayzy, to praise, 134,
135, 152, 221',pl.pres. Prazef,
143; i>re^. Prayzede, 243.
Prechinge, 191.
Prede, pride, 258.
Prekiejj, prick, 230, 257.
Prekiinde, pricking, 148.
Prekiynges, Prekyinges, prick-
ings, stings, 203.
Prelat, prelate, pi. Prelas, 175.
Presense, presence, 161.
Present, Presont, 189, 218.
Preste, proudest, 267 ; pridest,
270.
I
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I
I
QLOSBARIAL INDEX.
333
Prestliche, readily, 140.
Presumcion, 182, 195.
Prette, prided, 258.
Preus, brave, 83.
Pris, value, price, 234.
Priueliche, secretly, 225.
ProdeJ), pi, pride, 79.
Profit!, to profit, 126.
Prou, profit, 85.
Proudliche, proudly, 168.
Prouduol, proud, 217.
Prouesse, Prowesse, 162, 164.
Prous, bold, hardy, 83.
Provi, to prove, 158.
Pryente, print, mark, 81.
Punissi, to punish, 148.
Purgi, to purge, 132.
Purte, purity, 202.
QuaUtes, 153.
Quarel, arrow, 71.
Quaynte, gay, 89.
Quaynteliche, gaily, 47.
'Quead, Qued, bad. See Kuead.
Queayntese, Qeyntise, craft, de-
ceit, 38, 90.
Queme, to please. See Kuerae.
(jueme^, please, 149.
Quern]), pleases, 231.
Quen, queen. See Kuen.
Quereles, quarrels, 83, 142.
Queme, mill, 181 ; A.S. cioeortL
Quic, alive, living. See Kuic.
Quit See Kuit.
Kage, 141.
Rasour, razor, 66.
Ba^e, early, soon, 52 ; comp. Rafre,
rather, sooner, 61, 71, 120, 140.
Raymi, to accuse, 44 ; A.S. reo-
miany to cry out.
Rearde, speech, sound, 24, 211 ;
A.S. reard.
Rebel, rebellion, 68.
Rebele, v. rebel, 28.
Rebours, rebellious, 68.
Recorde, 142, 203.
Recorder, 55.
Recordi, Recordy, to record, call
to mind, 21, 59, 208.
Recordinge, 55.
Recreyd, recreant, 195.
Red, Rede, counsel, advice, con-
spiracy, 23 ; pi. Redes, 9, 10,
23, 89, 165, 183, 184.
Redde, advised, 184.
Rede, to counsel, 38, 104, 154.
Rederes, advisers, 184.
Reforme, 81.
Refter, rafter, 175.
Refye, to move, shake, 116 ; A. S.
req/lan, to seize.
Reg {ohliq. case, Regge), back,
116, 133, 177 ; A.S. rig.
Regne, reign, kingdom, 85.
Regne, to reign, 67.
Rekeni, Rekeny, to reckon, 35,
37, 173, 214.
Rekeninge, Rekenynge, account^
35, 171, 214.
Religioun, 41.
Relikes, 64.
Digitized by
Google
1
334
\
OL088ARIAL INDEX.
Eemedie, 207.
Bexnenont^ remnant, 100.
Eemue, to remove, 104.
Renable, reasonable, 95, 163.
Eenay, Eeney, apostate, 19.
Benaye, Beneye, deny, foisake,
disbelieve, 19.
Benayrie, apostasy, 19.
Bene, rain, 130.
Benoyre, Bonoyrye, unbelief^ apo-
stasy, 17.
Bentes, revenue, 37, 41, 144.
Bepente, 238.
Bepentonce, 201.
Besemble, 59.
Bespit, 39.
Besse, a rash, 253 ; A.8. resce.
Eeste, to rest, 7, 31, 119, 260.
Bestede, 7.
Besteuol, Bestuolle, contempla-
tive, 199.
Besye, to quake, resound, 23.
Bet, advises, 22, 184, 187.
Bet, reads, 147, 231.
Beule, rule, 150.
Beule, to rule, 124.
Beuje, Bew^e, mercy, pity, 186,
189.
Beujjevol, merciful, 116, 186, 188,
195.
Beven, sberiflfe, reeves, 37, 39,
43.
Beverence, 20.
Beverte, 128.
Beward, regard, 74.
BewJjeuoUe, merciful, 198.
Bibaud, ribald, 51, 127.
Eibaudie, Bibaudy, ribaldry,
128, 203, 220.
Bibaus, pi. of Bibaud, a ribald,
192.
Biche, kingdom, 197 ; A.S. ryee,
Bichesse, riches, 24, 77.
Bidinges,*ridings, 24.
Bine, rain, 49.
Biotouse, 170.
Bipe, to reap, 214.
Bijt, Bi3te, Byjte, right, 8.
Bi3tes, 40.
Bijtuol, just, equitable, 44, 105,
135, 196.
Bi^tuoUiche, equitably, right-
fully, 196, 201.
Bijtuolnesse, Bi3tnes8e, rightful-
ness, righteousness, 3, 29, 124,
154.
Bobbere, robber, 39, 79.
Bobbi, to rob, 39.
Bobbynges, thefts, 39.
Boberie, Boberye, robbery, 9, 34.
Bobes, 24.
Boche, rock, 142.'
Bocky, to rock, 116.
Bod, rode, cross, 1, 114.
Bomongours, horse-dealers, 44.
Bond, round, 1.
Bonsoune, ransom, 35.^
Boppes, entrails, 62; A.S. roppas.
Bote, root, 34, 95 ; pi. Boten,
34, 35, 68, 116.
Boted, rotten, 205.
Bojer, rudder, 160.
Digitized by
Google
./^
QL0S8ARIAL INDEX.
335
Eotie, Eotye, to rot, decay, 32,
205.
Kuby, 76.
Euieles, rules, 97.
Eussoles, rissoles^ cakes made in
the frying-pan, from O.Fr. ris-
eoleVy to fiy, 253.
Rybaus, 259.
Byche, kingdom, 66.
Bynde, rind, 99.
Byote, rote, 99.
Byjtnesse, righteousness, 266.
Byj-uoUiche =iy3t-uolliche, right-
fuUy, 265.
Sabat, sabbath, 7.
Saciefices, 187:
Sacrement,2>?. Sacremens, 14, 40,
48, 238.
Sacre]), makes sacred, 235.
Sacrifice, 187.
Sacrilege, 34, 40.
Safyr, sapphire, 76.
Salamandre, 167.
Sanguine, 157.
Sanynt, Saynt, saint, 262.
Satisfaccion, 32.
Savour, 138.
Sauf, safe, 36.
Sause, sauce, 55.
Sautere, psalter, 27.
Sayn, Sanyn (for Sayrd), saint, 1,
2, 12, 14.
Say sine, Sayzine, possession, 144,
149.
Scallede, haying the scaU or
scab, 224.
Scarse, scant, 53, 54.
Scarsliche, niggardly, 34.
Scarsnesse, niggardliness, 159.
Scele, Sckele, skill, reason, 11,
12, 18, 53, 54.
Sceluol, SceluoUe, skilful, reason-
able, 51, 169, 259.
Scin, Scinne, skin, 44, 137, 230.
Sclondre, slandre, 6.
Scluse, Sluice, 255.
Scoffe, scorn, ridicule, 128.
Scolde, to scald, 66.
Scole, school, 34.
Scolere, scholar, 39.
Scome, scum, 44.
Scome,i>Z. Scornes, 22, 74, 128.
Scorne, to scorn, 22.
Scomere, j)Z. Scomeres, 63, 177.
Scomi, to scom, 211.
Scorpioun, 62.
Scot, payment, 51 ; A.S. eceat.
Scriveyns, scriveners, 44.
Seculeres, pi, Seculeer, 215.
Semblef, jpZ., resemble, 176.
Semblont, pretence, 27, 137.
Sengle, single, 48, 175.
Sentense, opinion, 69.
Serele, circle, 141.
Sergond, Seigont, Seriont, ser-
vant, ofl&cer, pi. Sergons, So-
rions, 32, 33, 35, 39, 188.
Sermon, Sermoun, 20, 138.
Servi, Seruy, to serve, 5, 6, 24,
54, 79, 225.
Servise, 7, 20.
Digitized by
Googk
\
336
QL08SARIAL INDEX.
Seruons = seriionB, servants,
officers, 37.
Simple, 134.
Simplelicho, simply, 134.
Simplesse, simplicity, 140.
Simulacion, 23.
Skele, reason, cause, 6, 7, 8, 38 ;
pi, Skeles, 80, 117.
Skeluol, reasonable.
SkeluoUiche, reasonably, with
reason, 6.
Slac, slack, slow, 32.
Slacnesse, slowness, idleness, 33,
138, 159.
Slaje, to slay {Zrd pers, sing,
81ajJ>), 8, 34, 61, 89, 174.
Sla3))e, slaughter, death, 90.
Sle, Slea, to slay, 48, 223.
Sleau^, Sleawfe, Sleufe, sloth,
16, 31, 34, 40, 67, 157, 163.
Sleaiiuol, Sleauuolle, Sleawol,
slothful, 170, 174.
Slep, sleep, 31, 264.
Slepe, to sleep, 29, 61.
SlepJ), sleeps, 56, 127.
Slepinde, sleeping, 158.
Sleuuol, Sleawolle, Slouuolle,
slothful, 31, 32, 34, 67.
Sleuuolliche, slothfully, 32.
Sle^e, adj, prudent, 266.
Sle3})e, sleight, craft, prudence,
18, 78, 118, 124, 265.
Slyt, slides, 149.
Smac, Smak, taste, relish, 33,
82, 83, 106, 245 ; pi Smackes,
112.
Smackinde, tasting, xelisliiixj
245, 260.
Smacky, to taste, 247, 269.
Smake]), taste, relish, 92, 106.
Smal, small, 74, 137 ; pL Smale,
23, 130.
Smalliche, adv, minutely, HI i
A.S. smealtce,
Smel, smell, 123, 177.
Smerie, to smear, anoint, 60; A,S.
smerian,
Smeringe, anointing, 148.
Smeryels, Smeriels, ointment,
187, 217 ; A-S. smh-ds,
Smit, smites, 30, 116.
Smite, sound, voice, 140.
Smijes, carpenters. '
Smot, smote, 48.
Snaw, snow, 267.
Snegge, snail, 32 ; A.8. aneg-el^
snaiL
Snode, morsel, 77, 111; j>/.
Snoden, 218 j A.S. gmdy from
sntdan, to cut.
Sobre, 254.
Sobreliche, soberly, 248, 265.
Sobrete, sobriety, 4, 254.
Sodaynliche, suddenly, 64, 248.
Soflfre, suffer, 139.
Soigneus, busy, 165.
Solaci, to please, 63, 213.
Solas, solace, 72, 108.
Solemnes, pi. Solemn, 224.
Solempne, solemn, 225.
Somblont, pretence, 211.
Somme, sum, 261.
Digitized by
Google
OL08SARIAL INDSZ.
337
Somoni, to smnmon, 87, 104.
Sophistrie, 65.
Sopiere, snpper, 133.
Sostene, Sostyne, to suBtain, 35,
38, 39, 45, 66, 57, 104.
Soetinonce, 54, 139.
Sotil, subtle, crafty, pi Sotyls,
26, 59, 82, 99.
Sotillicha, snbtlely, 26, 46, 99.
Sotylhode, subtlety, 117.
Soucouii, to succour, 186.
Soudenis, soldiers, 146.
Soupi, to sup, 52.
Soverayn, 189.
Sovi, Sovy, to save, 98, 162, 226.
Spacialliche, specially, 252.
Spade, 108.
Spaii, to spare, abstain, 157, 224.
Speche, speech, 21.
Special, 15, 16, 94.
Specialliche, specially, 2, 7, 16,
69.
Spek, spake, 251.
Speke, to speak, 33 ; Srd pen.
sing. Spekf , Spec]), speaks, 10,
34, 56, 126 j pi. Spekef, 18.
Spekeman, spokesman, 60, 99.
Spekenne, to speak, 94, 103, 104,
109.
Spekinde, speaking, 226.
Spekinge, speaking, ^eech, 50.
Spelle, story, gospel, 5, 6, 57,
. 58, 109.
Spendere, expender, treasurer,
190.
Spendinge, expense ; pi. Spend-i
inges, 21, 34, 37.
Sperringe, a sparrow, 52; A.S.
spearwa.
Spille, to destroy, 232 ; Srdpers.
sing. Spilf, 182, 212.
Spirituallycbe, spiritually, 14.
Spifre, spider, 164.
Sposayles, espousal, wedding,
189, 235.
Spotty, blemished, faulty, 192.
Spousbreche, adultery, 37.
Spouse, 10, 118.
Spousede, espoused, 118.
Spoushod, marriage, 10, 43, 185.
Spousy, to marry, 225.
Spousynge, marriage, 227.
Sprede, to spread, 29.
Spret, spreads, 23, 131.
Ssake, to shake, 4, 116.
Ssame, shame, 8 ; pi. Ssames,
21, 82.
Ssamie, to be ashamed, 229.
Ssamnessoy shame, 142.
Ssamuest^ Ssamueste, modest,
193, 216, 222.
Ssamuol, shameful, 117.
Ssamuolliche, shamefully, 181.
Ssambodde, sham-bude, a dung
beetle; A.S. scearHy dung, 61.
Ssarp, sharp, 165.
Ssarpnesse, sharpness, penance,
142, 165, 186.
Ssast = salayi «» sla^, slayest,
56.
Ssat =» saefxty shot, 45.
Sseawere, a mirror, 84, 177.
22
Digitized by
Google
\
338
OL08BARIAL INDEX.
Sseawinge, levelations, appear-
ance, 2 ; pi. Saeawyngee, 14.
Sseawy, ssewy, to show, 66, 73,
100; j?^. SeeaweJ^, 21, 26,
110; pret. Saeawede, 13.
Ssed, Seede, shade, shadow, 77,
95, 97, 137.
Ssedde, shed, 1, 107.
Sseduy, to take shade or shelter,
97.
Ssef|)es «- 88ep))e8, forms, 62.
Ssel, (1.) shall, 2, 5, 104 ; (2.)
owes^ ought^ -113, 115, 145,
214.
Sseld, shield, 1, 167.
Sselt, Shalt, 5, 129.
Ssende, to destroy, confound,
ruin, 28, 126, 148; Zrd pers.
sing. pres. Ssent ; A.S. erendan.
Ssep, Ssepe, sheep, 50, 88, 137,
192.
Ssepe, reward, pay, hire, 33, 40,
86, 113, 146; pi Ssepes,
wages, 39. Chaucer uses jS^^^
(Parson's Tale) in the same
. sense ; cp. A.S. seeoppa, a
treasury.
Ssepinges, forms, creatures, 64,
108, 245.
Sseppere, creator, 6, 7, 18, 145.
Ssep)), giveth reward, 209.
Ssepfe, creature, form, 5, 6, 81,
151, 270; pi Ssepjjes, 13,
64, 84, 112; A.S. sceppan^ to
form ; sccaft^ creature.
Sserte, shirt, 190.
Sset, shuts, 186, 218.
Ssette, to shut, 179, 188; i>re^.
Ssette, 189.
Ssette-pors, a shut-puise, 187.
Ssetteles, bars, 94 ; A.S. ecy
lock, bar, bolt
Sarewees, mirrors, 176.
Ssewy, to show, 44, 69.
Ssewynge, appearance, 36. See
Sseawinge.
Ssine, to shine, 188.
Ssin]», shines, 64.
Ssip, Ssipe, ship, 112, 129.
Ssipmen, shipmen, sailors, 60,
140.
Ssmak, taste, 83.
Sso, shoe, 220.
Ssoinge, shoes, 154.
SsofJ), shoves, 174.
Ssolde, should, 12 ; 2nd per. sing.
Ssoldest ; Sid pi: Ssolden, 6,
12, 20.
Ssolle, Ssollen, J9Z. shall, 1, 3, 5, 8.
Ssop, created, 87.
Ssomede, scabby, 224. ^Si^eSsam-
bode.
Ssort, Ssorte, short, l»ief, 81, 98,
99, 189.
Ssorthede, brevity, 99.
Ssortlaker, more briefly, 252.
Ssortliche, briefly, 24, 79,99, 123.
Ssrede, to clothe, 90, 258 ; A.S.
acrydan, to clothe.
Ssredinge, clothing, 177, 258.
Ssrewe, wretch, 32.
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Google
GLOSSARIAL INDEX.
339
Ssrifte, Ssryfte, Ssrifj^ shiifV 4,
14, 20, 31, 32.
Ssiif^, shrives, 174.
SsnuQfp.p, shriven, 174.
Ssriuere, confessor, 174.
Ssriufteuader, flEkther confessor,
38, 155.
Ssrive, Ssryve, to shrive, confess,
5, 32, 70, 132.
Ssrof, shrove, confessed, 178.
Ssroud, covering, dress, 258.
Ssyetere, shooter, archer, 174.
Ssylde, to shield, 271.
Ssyne, to shine, 267.
Ssynynde, shining, 76.
Stahle, 83.
Stablen, stables, 210.
Stages, 122.
Stale, stealing, theft, 9.
Stape, step, 3, 47 ; pi Stapes, 32,
46.
Stas (pi, of Stat), states, 28.
Stat, state, 7, 28, 48.
Steaj, ascended, 13, 213; A.S.
stigan (pret. stdh)y to aAcend.
Stech, Stechche, piece, pi. Stech-
ches, 62, 111 ; A.S. stiece.
Stede, place, 7, 140.
Stedeuest, stedfast, 84, 116, 232.
Stedeuestliche, stedfastly, 11, 86,
105,233.
Stedeuestnesse, stedfastness, 83,
164.
Stef, staff, pi. Steues, 156.
Stefhede, stifi&iess, strength, 263.
Stefliche, strongly, 258.
Stele, to steal, 79 ; 2nd per. sing.
Stelst, 38 ; ^d sing. Stel)), 23,
37 ; pi. SteleJ), 26, 37.
Stempe, to stumble, 206. Stumpe
occurs in this sense in Owl and
Nightingale.
Stench, stink, 248.
Stene, to stone, 213.
Steple, 23, 180.
Sterie, to stir, direct, endeieivour,
173, 186.
Sterre, star, 164.
Sterren, stars, 267.
Sterue, to die, 2, 70, 143 ; j^. 2nd
sing. Sterfst, 71 ; Zrd sing*
SterfJ), 54, 71; ^d pi. Ster-
uef , 36, 71 ; sub;, pret. Storue,
6^] pret. Sterf, 70.
Steruinde, dying, 75.
Steruinge, deathilir73, 95. 165.
Steve, staff, 156. See SteA
Stillehede, solitude, 142.
Stilliche, secretly, 65.
Stinkinde, Stynkyade, stinking,
32, 49, 81, 189.
Stole, stool, 239.
Ston, stone, 1 ; pi. Stones, 140.
Stonchi, to staunch, 73, 110.
Stondinde, standing, i70; stiff,
216.
Stoppi, to stop, 257.
Stor, incense, 211 ; A.S. stor.
Storue, Storuen, died, 12, 67.
See Sterue.
Stoupi, to stoop, bend, 151.
Strait, Strayt, Strayte, 54, 78, 1 30.
Oo
/
22
Digitized by
Google
340
OIiCSSARIAL INDEX.
Straitliche, Straytliche, Streyt-
liche, straitly, strictly, 7, 18,
34, 171.
Strang, strong, 16; pi, Stronge,
83.
Stranger, stron^r, 168.
Stranglaker, more strongly, 17,
25, 88, 116.
Stranglakest, most strongly, 157.
Strangliche, strongly, firmly, 15,
127, 212.
Strayny, to restrain, 263.
Strechche, to stretch, 103.
Streme, Streame, stream, 72.
Stronger, stronger, 170.
Strang^, force, 3, 45, 161 ; no
streng))e «= no fors, no matter,
51.
Streng])i, to strengthen, 86, 180.
Strepe, to strip, 98, 105.
Strif, Stryf, strife, dispnte, 23,
57, 66,
Striui, to strive, dispute, 65.
Striuinde, striving, 154.
Stryfinge, strife, 57.
Strok, stroke, 34.
Stude, Studie, Studye, to study,
24, 34, 70, 78, 232.
Substance, 113.
Substanciel, Substancieler, 113.
Sudyakne, Su]>deakne, subdea-
con, 225, 235.
Suspiciouses, pi. suspicious, 226.
Sustyenef, pi, sustain, 57.
Symoniaks, 41.
Symony, 34, 41, 42.
Tables (commandments), 5.
Tables, games of hazard, 45, 52.
Take, to give, 22 ; touch upon,
56 ; Zrd sing. Takf, 175.
Takinges, touchings, handlings,
9, 10, 46.
Tale, number, estimation, 11, 108,
234.
Talyinde, tale-bearing, 207.
Taueme, 56.
Tauemyer, a tavern-keeper, 44 ;
a tavern-goer, 51.
Tayles, duties, toUage, 38.
Te, to, 172.
Tealde, told, 239.
Techches, habits, bad habits, 32,
136.
Teche, to teach ; 3rd sing. Tek|>,
6, 49 j pi. Techep, 8.
Techinge, teaching, 68.
Tedra^ynge, detraction, 61.
Telle, to number, reckon, 17, 21.
Telleres, narrators, 58.
Tellinge, numbering, 1.
TelJ), tells, 62.
Temperance, 4, 124.
Tempeste, 73.
Temprep, tempers, 254.
Tende, tenth, 2, 11, 13.
Tendes, tithes, 41.
Tendre, tender, 77, 148.
Teppe {phliq. case of Tep), a tap,
27.
Terestre, 50.
Terme, 33.
TeJ), teeth, 67.
Digitized by
Google
OL088ABIAL INDEX.
341
Teue = to eue, yesterday even-
ing, 51.
Tejele, tile, 167.
Tidyinges, tidings, 58.
Tiene, to annoy, weary, 34. See
TyenL
Timlich, Timliche, timely, tem-
poral, 19, 30, 44, 52.
To, too, 6.
To-ayens, against, 6, 10, 26, 158.
To-breke]), jpl. break in pieces, 64.
Tobre3^, breaks in pieces, 6.
Tobroke, broken in pieces, 30.
Todene, burst in pieces, 50, 56.
Tocne, Tokne, a token, sign, 226.
Tocnen, Toknen, tokens, signs,
10, 69, 216.
Todele, to divide, separate, dis-
tinguish, distribute, 2, 17, 80 ;
Todel (imp,) 73, 74 ; pp. To-
deld, 83, 86; pret. Todelde,
226, 164 ; To-dele we, let us
depart, 72.
Todelinge, division, separation, 3,
72, 189.
To-delp, divides, separates, dis-
tinguishes, 16, 17, 119.
To-dijt, explained, rendered, 164.
SeeDv^tQ.
Todijtinge, division, 72.
To-dra^inge, detraction, 57, 62.
To-draj^, detracts, depreciates, 62.
Togidere, Togydere, together, ^3,
67.
To-heawe, to hew to pieces, 62 ;
to-heau^, curtails.
Tokne, token, 68, 177.
Toknen, tokens, signs, 2.
Tckninge, sign, 50.
Tol, toll, 192.
To-moche, very much, 14.
Tomochelhede, excess, 248.
Tonge, tongue, 24, 50.
Tongen, tongues, 22, 142.
Tonne, a tun, barrel, 27, 167.
Tonnen, tuns, 35.
Toparte, to divide, distribute, 170.
Toppe, above, 6, 106, 163.
Torment, sb, 29, 79 ; pi Tormens,
73, 166, 167.
Tormente, v. 53.
Tomement, Tomoyment, a tour-
nament, 46, 101, 117, 252 ; pi.
Tomemens, Tomoymens, 166,
252.
To^an, to that, 56.
Toual^, falls back, perishes, 33,
184.
Tonnes, towns, 30.
Touore, before, 7.
Tour, tower, 23, 47.
Toyans, Toyeans, Toyens, against,
towards, 20, 86.
To^te, taught, 96, 149.
Trau, Traw, Traue, Trawe,
Trauwe, tree, 28, 57, 95, 201,
202.
Trauail, ab. labour, 130.
Trauailinde, running, 167.
Trauayli, to labour, oppress, 33,
39, 171.
Traues, Trawes, trees, 25, 94, 95.
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Google
!
342
QliOSaARIAL INDEX.
Traysoun, treason, 37.
Trosor, Trezar, treasora^ 57, 96.
Tresorieie, treasurer, 231.
Tretable, tractable, 94, 167.
Trete, to treat, 142.
Trewe, true, 101.
Treueliche, TreweUclLe, Triewe-
liche, truly, 79, 134, 169.
Treu)>©, Trewjw, truth, troth, 221,
256.
Triade, remedy, medicine, 17,
144.
Trobli, Troubli, to trouble, 104,
150.
Trone, throne, 266.
Trossinge, tressing of hair, 176.
Trost, imp. trust, 241.
Trosti, to trusty 242.
Trufles, jests, 56, 58.
Truont, a beggar, 174 ; :pL. Tru-
ons, 194.
Tuay, Tuaye, two, 1, 30, 67.
Tuelf, twelve, 2, 11.
Tuelfbe, twelfth, 14.
Tuo, two, 2.
Turle, turtle dove, 226.
Tuyes, Tuiee, twice, 35, 36.
Tuyg, a twig, 22 ; i??. Tuyggee,
Tuyegges, 17, 41.
Tuyste, to twist, 159.
Tyares, Tyeaies, Tyeres, tears,
74, 83, 173, 267.
' Tyene, anger, grief^ disinclination,
31, 66, 124 ; A.S. te6m.
Tyeni, Tyeny, to grow weary of,
73, 99, 142, 161 ; A.S. ieoiMn,
Tymlich, Tymliche, temporal, 2.
Tyrans, tyrants, 182.
])a,/ the, that, 33.
}>an, djoJt, that (man), 23.
))an, those, 21, 265.
))ane, ))anne, qjoo, the, 27, 34^ 66.
))ank,^thank8, 18.
))anne, than, then, when, 12, 16,
18, 20, 30.
))annes, thence, 12.
))i^, though, 9.
j^ajles, yet, nevertheless, 6, 8, 9.
J)e, thou-thyself, 54. .
J)eauwes, J}eawes, practices, habits,
17, 78, 131 ; A.S. \e&w.
]}QUich,])elliche, this, these, such,
7, 8, 9, 10, 27, 266 ; A.a
YfUie, pi/lOy the like. It is pro-
bable that the pL ^iche, O.E.
fdke, has been confounded with
A.S. ]>a ylea^ the sama
J)enche, to think, 47, 55 3 imp.
Thench, 20 j J)engst, 2nd per.
sing, 214 ; 3re2 «. ))eng]), 18,
65, 92.
)9enchinde, thinking, 212.
J)enchinge, thought, 6, 72, 212.
Jjer, there, where, 1, 5, 6, 58.
))erhuile, ])erhuils, ))erhuyl, whilst,
139, 217.
J}erles, windows, 204 ; A.S. ^drel,
a hole.
))ermide, therewith, 127.
J}eme, for pesne, ace. this, 94,
111, 113, 214.
))erteyen8, there-against, 11,
Digitized by
Google
/
OliOSSARIAL INDBX.
343
])6S, m. this, 53, 65, 150.
J?et, veil, that, 1, 14, 19.
])et, the article neuter, the, 2, 14,
16, 19, 181.
))et oj^er, second, 16.
Jjet-to-Jan, in order that, 170.
J^ewes, customs, habits, 79.
))ider, thither, 140.
))ief>e, theft, 9.
)?ieme, a maid servant, 129.
]>iesterliche, darkly, 244.
])iestemessey darkness, 201.
J^iestie, dark, 159 ; A.8.peo8ter.
)?inc^, j>mgpy appears, 18, 108,
143, 164.
])inen (of), thine, 194.
pia {dot. ])i8e, ))isen), 2, 6, 7,
44, 121.
))i8, )}iBe, ))es, these, 1, 7.
J)o,/. the, that, 1, 12, 13.
pOy pi. the, those, 8, 9, 13.
])o, when, 141.
))ole, tm^., sofifer, endure, 117.
J^olemodnesse, patience, endur-
ance, 68, 132, 183, 185.
]X>lie, J^olye, to suffer, endure, 12,
22, 33, 74, 162; A.S. ^ian,
]>oliynge, ))olyinge, endurance,
s^ering, 157, 163, 164.
))olynde, enduring, 167.
J?onfthose, 11, 12, 135.
))ondre, thunder, 130.
)?onke, ))onkes, thanks, 18, 55,
262.
])onki, ))onky, to thank, 6, 7.
)^m-hog, hedge-hog, 66.
J^orst, thirst, 73, 96.
]>or3, through, 81.
])os, J)ous, thus, 39, 184.
))oume, thumb, 43.
j^ousend, J^ouzen, ))ousond, 67,
75, 77, 268.
j^ojt, ))03te, thought, 6, 9.
])rauwe, ])rawe, to throw, 139,
152,
J)rawJ), ])rau]), throws, 17, 23,
179.
]>reapni, ))reapny, to threaten, re-
prove, 97, 162, 184 ; A.S.
yreapian.
]>reapmnge, )>reapnynge, threat^
ening, 38, 65, 66, 72.
])rel, pi. ))relle8, thrall, slave,
19, 67, 86, 87.
j^reldom, )>reldome, slavery,
bondage, 86, 87.
))restes, crowds, hosts, 183.
Jjreu, threw, 133.
J>ri, three, 2, 3, 7 ; Jjrisije, three
times, 234.
Jjridde, third, 2, 12.
Juries, thrice, 35, 36.
]>rin, therein, 167.
J^rittajte, thirtieth, 234.
Jjritti, thirty, 141, 234.
]>rote, throat, 14.
J)yef, oUiq. case, J>yeve, thief,
37, 263 j pi. J)yeues, 37.
J)yefJ>e, theft, 38, 192.
])yester, ])yestre, dark, 45, 264,
266,276; A.8.\eoster.
J^yestemesse, darkness, 189.
Digitized by
Google
'\
344
QLOSSARIAL INDEX.
))yue8 « ))yeue8, thieves, 254.
Uader, father, pi Uadeies, 155«
Uaderlease, Uaderlyese, father-
less, 188, 193.
Uair, Uayr, Uaiie, XJayie, fair,
16, 27, 81.
UaUe, to faU, 29, 31.
Ualf, falls, 66 ; UaUe>, pi faU,
69.
Ualouwe, to fede, 81.
Uals, Ualse, false, 6, 10, 18.
Ualse, to forge, 40, 62.
Ualsere, a falsifier, 62.
Ualshede, falsehood, 10, 39, 63.
Ualsliche, UaMyche, falsely, 28,
64.
XJalsne, ace, false, 24.
XJand, found, 67, 181.
Uaoite, vanity, 77.
Uanni, to fan, winnow, 139.
Uare, to fare, 1.
Uayre^, becomes fair, 95 ; makes
fair, 232.
Uayrhede, beauty, 16, 18, 75.
Uayrliche, fairly, smoothly, 1,
69.
Ueawe, few, 162, 254.
Uedde, fed, 96, 190,
Uede, to feed, 199.
Uelaj^, fellow, participator, ac-
cessory, 36, 37, 67.
Uela^e, to join, share, participate,
101, 102, 266.
Uela^rede, fellowship, commu-
nion, 9, 10, 14, 38.
Ueld, Uelde, Uelden, filled, 55,
233.
Ueld, Uelde, field, 81, 131.
Uele, Uelen, many, 5, 13, 102,
103 j udesipe, udesd^e, many-
times, 20, 257 ; ttdeuald, many
fold, 212.
Uele, to feel, 154, 180.
Uelinge, feeling, 241.
Uelle, skin, 210.
Uelle, to fill, 77, 92.
Uellef, pi. fill, 44.
Uelf, feels, 23, 25, 131.
Uelf, fiUs, 58.
UelJ«, filth, 56, 61, 81.
Uend, Uiend, Uyend, enemy,
fiend, devil, 1, et pctmm,
Uendonginge, vendage, sale, 36.
Uenial, Uenyal, 16, 73.
Uenim, Uenym, 17, 22.
Uenimouse (pH, Uenimouses), 27,
171.
Uer, Uere, fire, 30, 65, 66, 74.
Uer, far, 133, 143.
Uerliche, suddenly, hastily, 55,
130.
Uerlichhede, haste, 55 ; A.S. /<s§r,
sudden ; fctrlice, suddenly.
Uerre, far, distant, 204.
Uerri, to put at a distance, re-
move, 178 ; A.8. /eorn'an.
Uers, verse, 128.
Uerst, Uerste, first, 1, 2, 31.
Uerste, to delay, 173 ; A.S. fyivt^
interval ; fyrstan^ to give re-
spite.
Digitized by
Google
QLOSSARIAL INDBX.
345
Uer^ fourth, 2, 3.
Uerpinge, farthing, 193.
Uest» Ueste, fast, 50, 91, 178.
Ueste, to fast, 51, 52.
Uestemens, yestments, 41.
Uestinges, fasts, 33, 51, 52.
Uestliche, fast, finn, 166, 252,
243.
TJe8tneBse,finime8S, stability, 104,
107.
Uestni, to fasten, strengthen,
establish, 106, 117, 213.
Uet, feet, 14, 15.
Uet, Uette, fet, 35, 53.
Uete, ohliq, case of Uet) a vat,
vessel, 199.
Ueteres, fetters, 128.
Ueth, feedeth, 241.
Ue^ren, feathers, 270.
Uette]»,i>Z. fatten, 241.
XJice, 27.
Uif, five, 46.
Uifle, Uyfte, fifth, 2.
Uil, Uile, Uyl, Uyle, vile, 82,
132, 180.
Uil, fell (pZ. Uille, Uillen), 16,
67, 98.
Uilayn, Uileyn, Uileyne, wicked,
disgraceful, vile, 59, 194.
Uile, Vile, oil, 93.
Uile, wiU, 152.
Uile8,j?Z. vile, 76. .
Uileynie, Uileyneye, Uileynye,
disgraceful conduct, wicked-
ness, 18, 31, 75.
Uileynlaker, more wickedly, 64.
Uileynliche. Uileynlyche, wick-
edly, 64, 69.
Uilhede, vileness, 130.
Uilliche, vilely, shamefully, 133.
Uinde, Uynde, to find ; 2nd
pera. sing, Uinst; 3rcZ pera.
sing. Uint, 38, 39, 74, 207.
Uingre, finger, 5, 63.
Uisage, 45.
Uiss, Uisse, fish, 50, 110, 170.
Uissere, fisherman, 60, 238.
UiJ^l^ fiddle, 105<
U^t, Uiy^te, fight, 131, 169.
Uijte, to fight, 15, 157.
Uijtinde, fighting, 219.
Uijtinge, fighting, fight, 37, 170,
181.
Ulateri, to fiatter, 61.
UlatouTB, flatterers, 256.
Ulaje, jpp, flayed, 73.
XHe^, fled, 130, 141.
XHedde, Uledden, fled, 204.
Uless, Ulesse, flesh, 9, 31, 47,
80, 110, 180.
Ulesslich, Ulessliche, Ulesslyche,
fleshly, carnal, 10, 35, 42, 87,
176.
Ule]), flies, flieth, 25, 41.
Uleje, fly, 136.
Ule3en, flies, 39, 58, 270.
Ulindre, moth, 206. This is con-
nected with fiitter and flutter.
Cp. Prov. E. flinder, flitter^
ftagment; Prov. Ger. flandem,
to flutter.
Ulijf, Ulyjp, flies, 165, 206, 254.
Digitized by
Google
346
OLOaSARIAL INDEX.
Ulod, Ulode, flood, 247.
Ulj, to fly; UlyeJ), pi. fly, flee,
264.
TJlyinde, flying, 66, 71.
Ulynto, flint, 136.
Unonynge, discoid, 65.
Uol, UoUe, full, complete, 1, 28,
44, 96, 166, 160, 269.
Uolc, Uolk, folks, people, 16, 43,
122.
TJoldest, completest, 270. See
Uoldo.
Uoldo, perfect, perfected, 28, 96,
• 234.
UoUiede, fulness, complete, 119.
Uolkerede, people, 196.
XJolle, Uolnesse, fiilness, 133, 266.
Uolleres, fullers, 167.
UoUiche, UoUyche, fuUy, 73, 78,
267.
Uolmad, perfect, 28, 260.
Uolserue, to serve fully, 33.
Uolueld, Uoluelde, fulfilled, 88,
96, 149.
UolueUe, to fulfil, 64, 93.
TJoluellinde, perfect, 88, 113.
Uoluellinge, completion, 260.
. UoluelJ), fulfils, 7, 83, 122.
Uol3eJ), follows, 12, 24, 36.
Uol3i, Uoljy, imp. Uolje, follow,
74, 83, 166.
Uoljinde, Uoljynde, following,
1,2.
XJon, foes, 266.
Uondere, temper, 116.
Uondi, Uondy, to tempt, 15, 46,
116, 170j A.S. /onc^ian.
Uondinge, XJondynge, Uondingge^
temptation, 1, 26, 31, 116,
168, 176.
Uor, for, 1, 2.
IJorbegge, to atone for, 78.
Uorbere, to forbear, abstain, 1 48.
TJorberinge, forbearing, abstin-
ence, 148, 205.
Uorbeme, to consume, 225.
XJorbemed, Uorbemde, consumed,
bumt^ 30, 67, 266.
Uorbem^, consumes, 74.
Uorber]), forbears, bears with,
115.
Uorbisne, XJorbysne, pi, TJor-
bisnen, example, 46, 47, 87,
89, 237 ; A.B. fSrebtfaen. #
Uorbode, forbidden, 8, 9, 46.
Uorbyet, forbids, 6.
UordeJ, does away with, destroy,
121. .SeeUordo.
Uore-yzedo, aforesaid, 190.
Uorkest, cast forth (as dead).
Uorlay, lay with, ravished, 230,
231.
Uorleas, lost, 181, 184.
TJorlet, forsakes, forsook, left,
184, 269.
TJorlete, to leave, forsake, forgive^
126, 166, 262; A.8. forldtan.
Uorlore, lost, ruined, 11, 14, 128.
Uorlorene, pi. lost, ruined, 13, 14.
Uorlyese, to lose, 67.
Uorlyesinge, Uorlyezinge, loss,
166, 243.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
X
QLOSaARIAL INDBX.
347
TJor-roted, Uor-iotede, rotten, de-
cayed, 148^ 205.
Uoispeche, prologue^ pre£Ehce^ 2,
105, 165.
TJorte, for to^ until, 220.
Uor>, forth, 119.
Uorjmn, becauBe, 181.
Uorjienche, to repent, forthink,
5, 29, 125, 159.
Uorjienchinde, repenting, 4^ 20,
28, 32, 178.
Uor])encliinge, repentance, 73.
Uor>ingf, repents, 27, 29, 62.
Uorjrawe, overthrow, 86.
Uorwerde, bargain, 36 ; A.S.
XJorya^ forgave, 114.
Uoiye^ imp. forgive, 110, 114.
Uoiyef^, forgives, 28, 112, 179.
TJoryet^ forgets, 18.
Uoryet, imp. forget, 73.
Uoryete, to forget, 6, 46, for-
gotten, 115.
Uoiyete>, jpl. forget, 6, 78.
TJoiyetinde, forgetful, 32.
Uoiyetinge, foigetf Illness, 18, 32,
33.
Uoryeue, to forgive, 29.
Uoryeuenesse, forgiveness, 32,
113, 179.
Uorzake, to forsake, 48, 195.
Uorzak]), Uorzaj^, forsakes, 18,
43, 221.
Uorzede, aforesaid, 190.
Uorzok, forsook, 77.
Uorzoke, forsaken, 179.
Uorzofe, forsooth, 16, 79.
Uorzualj, devoured, 67.
Uorzuelje, to devour, 15, 56,
111, 174, i??. UorzueljeJ^, 52.
Uorzual]), Uozzualj]), devours, 17,
111.
Uorzuerie, pequre, forswear, 6.
Uorzueiiinge, pequry, 57.
Uorzuolje, pp. devoured, 111, 206.
Uorzuorene, perjured, 19.
UorzuylJ, devours, 61.
Uot, foot, 56, 127.
Uoul, Uoule, foul, 22, 25, 35.
Uoulhede, crime, disgrace, dis-
honour, 25, 75.
Uoulliche, foully, wickedly, 41,
194.
Uounde, pp. found, 83.
Uour, four, 3.
Uourtc^te, fortieth, 4, 13.
Uourti, forty, 13, 67.
Uox, fox, 151.
Uojel, bird, 71, 178.
Uo3elere, fowler, 254.
Uo^eles, birds, 105.
Uram, from, 7, 12.
Ureme, advantage, profit^ 43, 69,
94, 117; A.S. /rcw6.
Uremuol, advantageous, bene-
ficial, 80.
XJrend, Uriend, Uryend, friend,
30, 67.
XJrendrede, friendship, 149.
Urete, to eat, devour, 39.
Uremic, to keep free or holy ; A.S.
freoiiaUy fridian.
Digitized by
Google .
348
QLOSSARIAL IKDBZ.
Uri, to delirer, 262.
Uri, Ury, free, 86.
Uridom, Urydom, feeedom, 1, 41,
85, 87.
Uriliche, Uiilyclie, fteely, 70, 86.
Uriad «= Uriend, ficiend, 96.
XJriwyl, free will, 86.
TJiosteB, frosts, 108.
Us, use, 55.
Usi, Usy, to use, 48, 79.
Ujealdinde, folding, 239.
Uyend, enemy, devil, 76, 117.
Uynde, to find, 1, 31, inyent, 24.
Uynt, finds, 31.
Uyjte, to fight, 117.
Waki, Waki, to wateh, 52, 263.
Wakinde, waking, watohing, 158.
Wakinge, vigil, 33, 52, 232.
Walewe, to wallow, 126.
Wanhope, despair, 29, 34.
Wantrokiynge, lack, want, 265 ;
A.S. trucan, to fldl, abate.
Waste, 19.
Wayn, profit, advantage, 43.
Waynye, to diminish, 88; A.S.
toanian.
Wayte, to wateh, lie in wait,
121, 179.
Way tinge, watehing, 15.
Wi^e, wave, 206 ; A.S. toiig.
Wed, pledge, 36, 102, 113; A.S.
WOBd.
Wed-dyad, Wedde^lyad, mort-
gage, 35.
Weder, weather, 129.
Wedercoc, vane, 180.
Wefde, altar, 112. iSee Wyefde.
Wei, very, 16, 22.
Wellen, wells, 80.
Wel-wilynde, well-wisher, friend,
112.
Wende, Wenden, thought, 108.
Wende, to turn, go, 6, 13, con-
vert, 90.
Wende]), pi. turn, go, 60.
Wendinge, Wendynge, departme,
separation, 70, 71.
Wene, to think, 179.
WeneJ),j??. think, 21.
Wenst, weenest, 129.
Went, turns, 69, 180.
Wenf, thinks, 21, 22, 128.
Wenynge, thought, 113.
Wepindeliche, weepingly, 192.
Wepf, weeps, 93.
Wereden, protected, 266.
Were]), guards, 124.
Were]), becomes weary, 17.
Weii, Weiy, (1) to become
weaiy, 33, 99. (2) weary, 84.
Werie, to guard, 129, 182 ; A.S.
weriam
Werihede, weariness, 33.
Wenn, reptile, worm, 137, 215,
216.
Wermene, of worms, 216.
Wermethe, woim-eaton, 229.
Wemde, denied, 189; A.S. wyi'-
nan^ to refuse.
Werre, war, 30, 43.
Werren, wars, 239.
Digitized by
Google
6L0SSARIAL INDEX.
349
Werreies = werres^ wan, strife,
29.
Weiie]), wars against, opposes, 17,
18.
Werri, to- war against, oppose, 29,
57.
Werye, to defend, protect, 69,
170.
Wes, was, 7, past existence, 104.
Wesse, to wash, 171.
Wessinge, washing, 178.
Wesst, washes, 202.
Westen, knew, '72.
Weter, water, 66, 74, 98.
Wetery, to water, 96, 98.
Weued, altar, 167. See Wyefdo.
Wexe, to grow, 95 ; grown, 26.
WexeJ, pi, grow, increase, 23.
Wext, grows, 3, 18.
Weyuerindemen, wayfaring men,
travellers, 39.
We^e, to weigh, 44, 91, 255, 256.
W^J, weigheth, 255.
Wichen, Wychen, witches, 19,
40.
Wile, Wyle {Zrd pers, sing,);
will, pi WilleJ), 16.
Willinge, willingness, 9.
Wilni, Wylny, to desire, 35, 36.
Wiluolliche, willingly, wilfully^
140.
Winne, to profit, 90.
Wisliche, wisely, 210.
Wif-begge, redeem, 186.
WiJ)-bo3t, redeemed, 186.
Wif-cleped, recalled, 189.
Wi^draj^ to withdraw, 28.
Wlaffere, a silly babbler, 262.
Wlatiinge, Wlatiynge, disgust,
178, 192, 216 ; A.S. wlatian,
griere, loathe.
Wlatuol, hateful, disgusting, 241.
Wod, Wode, mad, 56, 140.
Wode, wood, 23, 96.
Wodewe, widow, 48, 190.
Wodewen, Wodewon, widows,
193, 225.
Wodewhod, widowhood, 48, 185.
Wodhede, madness, rage, 17, 18.
WoTte, week, 7, 212.
Wolde {pi. Wolden), would, 16,
52.
Woldelst^ wouldst, 73.
WoUe, wool, 137.
Wombe, belly, Womben, pl» 53.
Wonde, wound, 174, 217.
Wonden, wounds, 148.
Wonderliche, Wonderlyche, won-
derfully, 14, 267.
Wonderuol, Wonderuolle, won-
derful, 15, 266.
Wondrinde, wondering, 266.
Wone, habit^ custom, 6, 22, 38 ;
A.S. wune.
Wone^, accustoms, 7.
Wonie, Wonye, to dwell, 48, 54,
87, 109; to accustom, 220;
A.S. fffunian,
Woniynge, Wonyinge, dwelling,
abode, 149, 267.
Wop, weeping, 71, 93, 265; A.S.
foop.
Digitized by
Google^
350
OUmtUBlAL IKDI
a
Wordle, world, 7.
WoidleUche, worldly, 164, 210.
Workinde, working, 206.
Workool, active, 199.
Wore, wone, 20.
Worsi, to become worse, 33.
Worf, *ia wor^,' signifies, 7 ; ayails,
206.
Wor]), shall be, 74.
WorJ), Worfe, worthy, fit^ 23, 74.
WorJ, valne, 82.
Wor Je, to be wor^ = to avail,
90.
Wor^seipe, Worsaipe, hononr ; sb.
worship, 8, 18, 20, 76, 104.
Wor)»sipie, Worssipie, to honour,
worship, 5, 6, 8, 75.
Worj^ssiphede, honour, esteem,
49.
Wor])8siplich, honourable, 80.
Wor^ssipliche, Worssipliche, hon-
ourably, 54.
Worfssipuol, honourable, 80, 83,
259.
WorpuoUe, honourable, 16.
Wo8e,Woze, mud, 87, 89, 186;
vapours, 186; A.S. wase.
Wot, knows, 9, 10.
Wounden, wounds, 266.
Woje, wall, 72.
Wrong, wrong, 208.
Wraye, to bewray, betray, 176 ;
A.S. uyrfgan,
Wrechchen, wretches, niggards,
187, 188, 189.
Wreche, Wreche, a wretch, 25,
30, 31, 70, 129.
Wreche, vengeance, 45.
Wiek, thrust out» 189, 215 ; A.&
wrdkeaHj to exile (pret wrdh^.
Wrench, craft, deceit, 129.
WreJ = WiejJ), hides, 61.
Wrefe, wrath, 8, 30.
Wrejwf, is angry, 17, 34.
Wre])i, Wre^^ to make angrj,
be angry, 8, 60, 232.
WreJmoUe, angry, enraged, 30.
WrikJ), Wrijf, hides, 128.
Writ, writes, 5.
Wrongliche, wrongfully, 8.
WroJ), angiy, 22.
Wrojw, badly, 20.
Wry, hide, cover, 258 ; A.S. wri-
gan.
Wrye|i, hide, 61, 175.
Wychche, witch, 41.
Wychecreft, witchcraft, 43.
Wychkedhede, . Wyckedhede,
wickedness, 43, 114.
Wyed-hoc, weed-hook, hoe, 121.
Wyefde, Wyeued, altar, 14, 236;
A. 8. weofod.
Wyf, neut wife, woman, 9, 181.
Wyfman, woman, 10, 11.
Wyfinen, Wymmen, women, 10,
32.
Wylhede, will, 164.
Wylles, desires, 138.
WyUesuol, wilful, 263.
WyllieJ, jpZ. desire, 142.
Wylni, Wylny, to desire, 9, 10,
11, 84, 243.
Digitized by
Google
/
OLOSSARIAL INDEX.
351
Wylninge, Wylnynge, desiie, 11,
22, 30, 47, 72, 85, 176.
Wyluolle, wilful, willing, 162.
Wyn, wine, 27.
Wyngen, wings, 217.
Wynne, gain, obtain, sing. 2nd
pera. Wynst, ^d pera. WjmJ,
17, 46, 102.
Wynnyngge, gain, 38, 24.
Wynynde, prevailing, 108.
Wypi, to wipe, 161.
Wysen, modes, 62.
Wyshede, wisdom, 68.
Wysliche, wisely, 94, 172.
Wyste, knew, 98, 173.
Wyt, Wytte, wit, wisdom, sense,
11, 16, 52, 53.
Wyte, to cliide, blame, 69 ; A.S.
witan.
Wyte, Wytene, to leani, to know,
to wit, 1, 5, 39, 72 3 A.S. witan,
Wytie, Wytye, to keep, preserve,
keep from, to heed, 212, 229 ;
to guard, 122, 166, 174.
Wytinde, Wytynde, knowing, *by
his wytinde,' he being awaie,
knowingly, 6, 8, 21.
Wytindeliche, knowingly, 8, 18,
65, 175.
Wytleas, witless, 86.
Wytnesse, witness, 10, 13.
Wytte, out of his wytte, out of
his wits, 68.
Wytuol, intelligent, wise, 150.
WyJ>clepie, to recall, 215. 8ee
Clepie.
Wyjdn^e, to withdraw, abstain,
cease, forbear, 9, 52, 53, 138.
Wyfdrajes, abstinences, 240.
Wy}>dia)inge, abstinence, 205.
WyJ)dra3st> withdrawest, 58.
WyJ)dra}J>, withdraws, 151, 254.'
WyJKlroje, should withdraw, 264,
Wyjeiweje, re-weigh, 137.
Wyjhalt, withholds, 9, 249.
Wyjinne, within, 10.
WyJ>nime, Wyfnyme, Wyjni-
mene, to blame, reprove, err,
137, 220, 255, 270.
Wyfniminge, Wyfnymynge, r^
proof, error, 82, 120, 148, 154.
WyJnimJ, WyJ)nyn^, reproves,
17, 22, 69, 129. .
Wyfnymynges, reproaches, 66.
WyJ)score, separate, 254.
Wy^settingges, exceptions, 39.
Wypstant, withstands, opposes,
22.
WyJ)stonde, to oppose, 84, 265.
Wyjwtondinge, opposition, 2, 22,
29, 268.
Wyffe, rope, 135.
Wyjzigge, deny, contradict, 175.
Wyfzigginge, denial, contradic-
tion, 52, 109, 153, 233.
Wyui, to wive, marry, 228.
Wyjte, weight, 44.
Yaf, gave, 6, 50, 79.
Yalde, old, 7.
Yalp, boasted, 208 ; A.S. (^apan
(pret. gealp).
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Google
352
OL088ABIAL tKDBZ.
Tanned, armed, 83, 164.
Tarn, ran, 191.
Tbake, baked, 112.
Tbeate, beaten, 236.
Tbede, asked for, 117.
Tbemde, burnt (one), 116.
Tblent, blinded, 72, 201, 223.
Tbleued, remained, dwelt, 72,
225.
Tbliseede, pi. blessed, consecrated,
41.
Tbore, bom, 17.
Tborje, saved, protected, 3, 5, 41,
121, 205; A.S. heorgan^Vy save,
protect (pret. heoT\ pp. gebor-
gen),
Tboi^inge, salvation, 201.
Tboonde, bound, 22, 145.
Tbojt, bought, 144.
Tbrojt, brought, 269.
Tby, been, 31, 178.
Tbjate, beaten, 239.
Tcarked, loaded, 138, 142.
Tcharged, loaded, 127, 260.
Tchonged, changed, 242.
Tchosene, pi. chosen, 68.
Tclenzed, Yclienzed, cleansed, 74,
267.
Ycleped, Yclieped, called, 8, 18,
73, 104.
Ycliue, Ydyue, climbed, 26, 133;
Du. Jdeveren^ to climb.
Ycome, come, 262.
Ycomparisoned, compared, 81.
Yconceyued, conceived, 221.
Yconfermed, Yconfirmed, 106,146.
Ycontined, continued, 39.
Ycontyened, Ycontinent^ con-
tained, 118, 260.
Yoorouned, crowned, 267.
Ycorumped, corrupted, 140.
Ydammed oi Ydamned, damned,
137.
Ydampned, damned, 78.
Ydel, in vain; empty, 5, 131.
Ydel-blisee, vain glory, 17.
Ydel-honded, empty-handed, 218.
Ydelliche, in vain, 80.
Ydelnesse, idleness, vanity, 48,
74, 164.
Ydemd, deemed, judged, 12, 137.
Ydept, dipped, 106.
Ydijt, Ydyjt, prepared, ordered,
20, 112, 197; decked, 47,
217.
Ydo, done,'30.
Ydobbed, dubbed, 83.
Ydobled, Ydobbled, doubled,
230, 249.
Ydolue, broken through, 263.
Ydn^e, drawn, 31 ; treated, 133.
Ydred, afraid, 104.
Ydronke, drunk, 51.
Yeaf, gave, 81.
Yealde, old, 79, 97.
Yealde]), grows old, 75.
Yealden, pi old, 184.
Yeare, ear, 137, 211.
Yearen, ears, 154.
Yeast, east, 124.
Yeden, went, 74, 166, 233.
Yef, imp. give, 101.
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Google
GL08SAEUL INDEX.
353
Yef, if, 5, 21.
Yefstv givest^ 93.
Yef>, gives, 22.
Yefjje, gift, 3, 4, 24, 36.
Yeld, imp. pay, 253.
Yelde, to yield, give, pay, restore,
1, 18, 31,38.
Yeldere, debtor, 163, 262.
Yeldinde, indebted^ 169.
Teldinge, debt, 115, 262.
Yelpe, to boast, 79. 8ee Yalp.
Yelpere, boaster, 22.
Yelpingge, Yelpinge, boast^ 22,
68, 69.
Yelp]), boasts, 22, 34, 69.
Yelst, restoredst, paidest, 38, 166.
Yelt, yields, restores, gives, 18,
81, 124, 253.
Yeme, take care oiy preserve, 7 ;
A.S. gymaru
Yeme, care, notice, heed^ 24, 54.
Yemere, sad, 215 ; A«S. geomor,
sad.
Yend, yonder, 266.
Yer, year, 1, 110.
Yerd, rod, stem, 95.
Yere, ear, 28.
Yeren, ears, 48, 267.
Yeme, to desire, 74.
Yeme, to ran, 27, 39, 66 ; A.8.
ymauy to ran (pret. am ; pp.
umen).
Yerninde, running, 207.
Yeminge, running, 266 ; revolu-
tion, 141.
Yemf, rans, 60, 61, 76, 84, 204.
Yerje, earth, 8.
Yesteneuen, yester evening, 61.
Yeue, to give, 7, 23, 212.
Yeuene, ger, to give, 114.
Yeuere, giver, 120, 194.
Yeuynge, giving, 120.
Yexilid, exiled, 20.
Yfayled, failed, 71.
Ylioured, flowery, 136.
Yfryd, fried, 111.
Ygelt, gilded, 233.
Ygelt, sinned, trespassed, 26.
Ygert, girded, 236.
Ygoyned, joined, 247.
Ygraunted, granted, 264.
Ygreued, grieved, 260.
Yguo, gone, 142.
Ygyled, beguiled, 124.
Yhal^ede, haUowed, 40, 106,
235.
Yharmed, harmed, 238.
Yhealde, Yhyealde, Yhyalde,
bound, holden, esteemed, 32,
68, 69.
Yhed, hidden, 109, 139, 227.
Yhende, near, 212.
Yherberjed, harboured, lodged,
130, 195.
Yherd, heard, 97.
Yhere, to hear, 20.
Yhered, praised, honoured, 23,
96, 104.
YherJ), hears, 26, 27, 56.
Yhet, had, 40, 177.
Yhoded, hooded,' consecrated^ 49,
235.
23
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Google
354
OLOSSABIAL IKDEX.
Yhol, Yhole, whole, 62, 126, 171,
220.
Yhole, hidden, 26, 109, 221.
Yholliche, YhoUyche, wholly,
109, 127, 227.
Yholnesse, wholeness, 230.
Yholpe, holpen, helped, 184.
Yhote, called, 118, 199.
Yhuyted, Yhuited, made white,
178, 228.
Yhyalde, Yhyealde, bound, 8.
Yhyer, imp. hear, 72.
Yhyerd, heard, 20.
Yhyeie, to hear, 257.
Yhjeiep, pi, hear, 122.
Yhyerf , hears,. 62.
Ykarked, loaded, 246. ,
Ykend, conceived, 12, 263.
Ykest, cast, 108.
YknauJ), knows, 251.
Yknawe, to know, 82 ; known,
104.
Ykuegt««Ykuenct, quenched, 173.
Ykuenct, quenched, 186, 265.
Yleaue, permission, 50.
Yleaue-nymynge, leave-taking,
112.
Ylefde, believed, 191.
Yleft, remained, 173.
Ylef]), believes, 60, 69, 222.
Ylef]f , remains, 50.
Ylend, gave, lent, 19, 36, 90.
Ylengd, prolonged, 198.
Ylest^ lasts, endures, 83, 168.
Yleste, to last, persevere, 28, 68,
71.
Ylete,left,for8aken, 115, 193, 235.
Yleue, to Uve, 93. *
Yleue, to believe, 11, 19, 69^ 72,
82, 242.
Yleued, believed, 242.
Yleued, lived, 130.
Ylich, Ylych, alike, like, j>/.
YHche, 62, 65, 88.
Ylke, same, 224.
Yloked, kept, guarded, protected,
awarded, 7, 20, 67, 70, 191.
Ylore, lost, 45, 129, 226.
Yloje, lied, lessened, humbled,
65. 144.
Ylyemed, learned, taught, 70.
Ylykned, likened, 234.
Ylyky, to please, 109.
Ymad, made, 7, 84.
Ymage, 87.
Ymarissed, married, 48, 220.
Ymaymed, crippled, 135, 141.
Ymengd, mixed, 196.
Ymerd, purified, 94.
Ympen, branches, 94, 95.
Ymylded, meekened, 117.
Ymyned, mined, 108.
Yne, in. See Ine.
Ynemned, named, 66, 79, 266.
Ynewed, renewed, 107.
Ynome, seized, taken, 45, 144,
204.
Ynorissed, nourished, 130, 205.
Yno3, enough, 22.
Ynojamendment, repentance, 171.
Yno3bote, restitution, penance, 4,
180.
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Google
GLOSSARIAL INDEX.
355
Ynojliche, sufficiently, abundant-
ly, 55, 210.
Yobliged, bound, 113.
Yok, yoke, 255.
Yolde, pp, of Yelde, requited, 73.
Yonge, young, 48.
Yongne, ace, young, 162.
Yordayned, ordained, 24.
Youre == Yeare, ear, 265.
Youme, pi, ran, 96. See Yeme.
Ypasid, past, 59, 113.
Ypayd, pleased, 50, 177 ; payed,
163.
Ypeynt, painted, 26.
Ypined, Ypyned, tonnented, suf-
fered, 213, 263.
Ypijt, established, confiimed,
199, 253.
Ypocrisie, 17, 26.
Ypocrite, 26.
Yporcbased, purchased, 35.
Ypraysed, praised, 21.
Yprimsened, clothed, adorned,
188.
Ypunnyssed, punished, 74.
Yqueme, please, 228. See Kueme.
Yquenct, quenched, 205, 240.
Yrauissed, ravished, 143, 231.
Yre, wrath, 101.
Yreaued, taken away, 1 43.
Yredliche, readily, 1.
Yredy, ready, 173.
Yroted, rooted, 107, 230.
Yrymed, rhymed, 99.
Yserued, deserved, 115.
Ysej, saw, 156, 264.
Yse^e ]7e, sawest thou, 264.
Ysi, to see, 21, 64.
Yslaje, slain, 58.
Ysliked, Yslyked, made sleek or
smooth, 99, 212.
Ysmaked, ysmacked, tasted, 93.
Ysmered, smeared, anointed, 93.
Ysmo])ed, smoothed, 57.
Ysnes, irons, 128.
Ysoje, seen, 264.
Yspeke, spoken, 69, 87.
Yspild, destroyed, 75, 129.
Yspoused, espoused, married, 221.
Yssape, made, 87, 100.
Ysseawed, Yssewed, shown, 44,
76, 109.
Yssed, shed, 239.
Ysset, shut, 154.
Yssored, shored, 207, 218.
Yssred, clothed, 188.
Yssruie, shriven, 70.
Ystole, stolen, 58.
Ystreng]7ed, strengthened, 201.
Ystriued, disputed, 164.
Ysyef,/??. see, 217.
Ytake, taken, 75.
Ytald, told, 24, 70.
Yta3t, Ytojte, taught, 54, 254.
Ytempred, tempered, 257.
Yj)oled, suffered, 182.
Yfonked, thanked, 196.
Y}>orsse, thrashed, 139 ; struck,
266.
Yualle, might befall, 36 ; fallen,
157.
Yual]}, falls, causes, befaUs, 258.
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Google
356
OLOSSABIAL INDEX.
Yuar3ed, farroAved,61 ; A.S./ear^,
a farrow, litter.
Yuayred, made fair, 107, 200.
Yue^Fctte, give, 271.
Yued, fed, 141.
Yueld, felled, struck, 50, 143,
249.
Yuelded « Yuelde, filled, 246.
Yuele, to feel, 83, 92, 131.
YuelJ), feels, 31, 128.
Yuerred, removed, 2 40. See Verri.
Yuestned, confirmed, strength-
ened, 105, 107, 109, 221.
YueJ, iynp, give, 265.
.Yuinde, to find, 30, 48, 64, 130.
Yulemed, fugitive, 39.
Yuo, foe, foes, 76, 171.
Yuoljed, followed. See Uolzi.
Yuon, foes, 197.
Yuonde, found, 186.
Yuonded, tempted, 117.
Yuorfed, nourished, 186 ; A.S.
fordiafiy to aid, assist.
Yuounde, found, 92. ,
Yuo3te,j?/). fought, 176.
Yuryd, set free, 86; delivered,
293.
Yvzed, used, 115.
Ywent, turned, 24, 88; gone, 164;
come to pass, 262.
Ywer, wary, 100.
Ywesse, washed, 107, 112, 236.
Ywetered, watered, 131.
Ywonded, wounded, 148.
Ywoned, wont, 90, 106.
Ywor])e, be, become, 262 ; come
(to nothing), 40.
Yworfssiped, worshipped, hon-
oured, 81.
Ywrethed, made angry, 161, 171.
Ywreje, Ywrije, hidden, covered,
covert, 37, 96, 210. See \V^n>
Ywryte, written, 217.
Ywry3e, covered, 66.
Ywry;eliche, secretly, 37.
Ywyl, will, 94, 217.
Ywylned, desired, 76, 80.
Ywyte, to learn, notice, know,
24, 29, 57, 70;pp^ known, 10.
Ywyte, preserve, 212 ; guard,
241. See Wytie.
Yyeue, given, 20, 79.
Yyolde, paid, restored, 120, 163,
191.
Yyoyned, joined, 260.
Yzawe, sawn, 255.
Yzed, said, 20, 34, 39, 74 ; called,
93.
Yzen, Ysen, iron, 139, 167, 217.
Yzendred, purified, 251.
Yzene^ed, Yzenjed, sinned, 21,
173, 221.
Yzet, set, ordained, 7, 167 ; set,
131, 213.
YzeJ), see, 36, 72.
Yzej, saw, 2, 118 ;i?/. Yzeje, 126,
156.
Yzeje, sawest, 20 ; 8tib)\ saw,
33.
Yze3en, pi saw, 212.
Yzi, Yzy, Ysy, to see, 24, 27, 70,
73, 157.
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0L088ABIAL INDEX.
357
Yzist, Yzixt, Yzyxt, eeest^ 73, 80,
101.
Yzij, see, 185.
Yzijt, Yzijf, YzyjJ), sees, 22, 26,
81, 85, 114, 115, 130, 157.
Yzoje, seen, 10, 173, 184.
Yzyenne, to see, to be seen, 108,
228, 238.
Yzye]7, Yzyz^, sees, see, 53, 66.
YzyeJ), Yzyf, YzeJ>, sees, see, 27,
46, 72, 75.
Zalt, salt, 242.
Zang, song, 60, 61, 68.
Zaule, soul, 14, 105.
Zaulen, ZaiUes, souls, 1, 113, 264.
Zawe, sow, 43, 214.
Zay, say, 1, 8, 103.
Zayde, said, 103, 185.
Zayl, sail, 183.
Zaynte, Zaynt, saint, 12, 13.
Zayst, sayest, 70, 102.
Zayf, says, 6, 14.
Ze, sea, 14, 37.
Ze,he, 117.
Zeade, Zeayde, said, 96.
Zech, Zeche, sack, 50, 81, 216.
Zeche, to seek, 22, 38, 74, 94,
184; imp. Zech, 184.
Zed, sad, firm, 83.
Zed, seed, 143, 216.
Zede, said, 59, 89.
Zek]?, seeks, 123, 184.
Zele, seU, 241.
ZeK, self, 59.
Zelle, to sell, 36, 138.
Zelleie, seUer, 45.
Zellef, pi sell, 36.
Zel]7, sells, 24, 36, 51.
Zelue, self, same, 41, 45, 102.
Zeluer, Zeluie, silver, 6, 35, 36.
Zen, sin, 262.
Zende, to send, imp, Zend.
Zene^eie, sinner, 33, 60, 114.
Zeneje]?, sins, 4, 6, 8, 19.
Zeneji, to sin, 20, 45, 63.
Zeng]), singes, 229.
Zenne, sin, 2, 6, 15.
Zennes, Zennen, sins, 7, 9, 115.
Zent, sends, 3rd sing. 73.
Zenuol, ZenuoUe, sinful, 15, 59,
90, 113.
Zep, sap, 96.
Zet, sets, 7, 62, 124.
Zet, sat, 96.
Zete, imp. place, 254.
Zeterday, Saturday, 7, 213.
Zetnesse, stability, 104.
Zetnesses, bounds, 223.
Zette, to set, place, appoint, 6j
pret. appointed, ordained, 11,
12, 13,95; sat, 199.
Ze^J>e, since, afterwards, 14, 47,
48, 100, 242.
Zeue, seven, 3, 4, 14.
Zeuende, seventh, 2, 3, 7, 9.
Zeuenti, seventy, 1.
Zeuezi}>e, seven times, 201.
Zeueuald, sevenfold, 268.
Z^, saw.
Ze^e, should see, 1 73.
Ze3en, pi, saw, 204.
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Google
358
GLOSSABIAL IND^X.
Zi, see, 156.
Ziden, sides, 151.
Zigge, to say, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 91.
Ziggere, sayer, 134.
Zigginge, Ziggingge, saying, 19,
49, 68, 135.
Zik {ph Zike), sick, 148.
Ziker, Zikere, certain, sure, con-
fident, 13, 64, 93, 94, 268.
Zikerliche, securely, confidently,
certainly, 64, 94, 125, 182;
eomp, Zikerlaker, 194.
Ziknesse, sickness, 16, 22.
Zik}>, sees, 123.
â– Zinge, to sing, 22, 267.
Zipe, time, 20, 21, 74.
Zittinde, Zittynde, sitting, 266.
Zix, six, 21.
Zixsi])e, Zixzi})e, six times, 133,
234.
Zixte, sixth, 2, 3, 32.
Zixti, sixty, 234.
Zixtia3te, sixtieth, 234.
Z^\j sees, 11, 34.
Zi3|>e, sight, 46; revelation, 133.
Zohhinge, sobbing, 211.
Zofb, soft, 31, 47.
Zofthede, softness, delicacy,
Zom, Zome, some, 7, 15.
Zomdel, somewhat, 90, 268.
Zom]7ing, something, 33.
Zomere, summer, 131.
Zonday, Sunday, 7, 41.
Zondes, messengers, 87; A.S.da7k?,
message.
Zone, son, 11, 12, 48k
Zone, soon, 42.
Zonges, songs, 68.
Zoiine, sun, 27, 81.
Zonnebyam, sunbeam, 108.
Zop, sop, 107.
Zorer, sorer, 238.
Zorjuol, Zor3uolle, Zoruolle,
sorrowful, poor, 34, 54, 59,
132, 147.
Zorje, sorrow, anger, 15, 27, 70,
194.
Zor^uollaker, Zoruollaker, more
sorrowful, 90.
Zor3y, to sorrow, bo angry ; Zrd
sing. Zor^e}), 71, 108.
Zoster, sister, 89.
Zostren, sisters, 265.
Zof, Zojje, true, truth, 2, 6, 12,
32, 76, 79.
Zofhede, truth, 105.
Zofliche, truly, 74.
ZoJ)hesse, truth, fidelity, 29, 44,
65.
ZoJuoUiche, truly, 133.
Zo])ziggere, soothsayer, a speaker
of truth, 256.
Zouc}), sucks, 136.
Zouke, suck, 60, 91.
Zoure, sour, 76, 82, 227.
ZoureJ), sours, 205.
Zoutere, shoemaker, 66.
Zouf, south, 124.
Zojten, sought, 80.
Zuech, Zueche, such, 156, 244.
Zuelj, swallow, taste, 50, 55, 82 ;
A.S. swdgan, to swallow.
Zuel3j), swallows, 106, 123.
Zueljynge, taste, 91.
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Google
0L08SARIAL INDEX.
359
Zuere, neck, 156 ; A.S. sweora,
Zuere, swear, 6.
Zuerie, Zuerye, to swear, 7, 44,
56, 64.
Zueninge, Zueriynge, swearing,
63.
Zuerf, swears, 6.
Zuete, sweet, 1, 68.
Zuetlicbe, sweetly, 61, 111.
Zuetnesse, sweetness, 55, 92.
Zuich, Zujct, Zuiche, Zuyche,
Zuichen, such, 8, 10, 14.
Zuo, so, 1, 14, 86.
Zuolj, plough, 242 ; A.&. sulk, a
plough.
Zuor, swore, 45.
Zuord, Zuorde, sword, 43, 48.
Zuot, sweat, 2, 31, 96.
Zuyetnesse, sweetness, 145.
Zuyn, swine, 126.
Zuynkere, toiler, 90.
Zuyft, swift, 141, 268.
Zuyfler, swifter, 66.
Zuyfthede, swiftness, 78.
Zuyftliche, swiftly, 140.
Zuynch, toil, 83.
Zuynche, to toil, swink, 171.
Zuyje, hastily, 111.
Zuy^er, faster, 61.
Zwope, sweep, 109.
Zy, shp, 102.
Zyalde, sold, 215.
Zycnesse, Zyknesse, sickness, 95,
96.
Zyenne, to see, 150, 231.
ZyeJ, 2?Z. see, 16.
Zyej = ZyeJ, see, 244.
Zygge, to say, 69.
Zyinde, seeing, 71.
Zyke, sick, 82, 266.
Zyker, Zykere, secure, 75, 78.
Zyk)? = Zy})?, sees, 91.
Zykynges, sighs, 99, 171.
Zynge, to sing, 105.
ZyJ), see, 75, 88.
Zyjt, sees, 161.
Zyjte, sixth, 2.
Zyuetnesse = Zuyetnesse, sweet-
ness, 93.
ADDITIONS.
Brene, burning, 264.
Dorilot, head-dress, 177.
r
JOHN CUILD8 AND BON, PHINTEB8.
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fA^lKE IS IKCURR£D IF THIS BGOlt^
KOT R^TuaNED TO THE liBR^y
pOR BEFOKB THE LAST DATE ^TAf
BELOW,
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3 2044 098
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