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THE DIAL 



nA OAonibly Journal of 



Current Literature 



VOLUME XL 
04 AY. 1890, TO t/JPRIL, 18(^1. 



CHICAGO: 

A. C. McClurg & CoMPANT, Publishers. 

1891. 



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INDEX TO VOLUME XI. 



America, Prehistoric James 0. Pierce 377 

America, The Makers of Andrew (7. McLaughlin . . . 342 

American Literature, A Library of Horatio X. Powers 181 

AuTHO&sHiP, The Art of Melville B. Anderson .... 85 

Autobiography of a Famous Actor Janies B. Runnion 237 

Bac:ox's Kssays, Anderson's Edition of Alhert S. Cook 290 

Bryant, William Cullen Oliver Farrar Emerson ... 31 

Chesterfield's Letters to His Godson Edward Gilpin Johnson ... 61 

Constitutions and Institutions Jainss 0. Pierce 152 

Dark Continent, The Dark Problem of thk . . . James F. Clajiin 117 

Darwin, Charles, Journal of Anjia B. McMahxin 59 

De Quincey, Masson's Edition of Melville B. Anderson .... 35 

Dictionary of National Biography, The Edward Gilpin Johnson ... 5 

Earth-Artificers, Two Sdim H, Peahodi/ 148 

Electbicity, Modern Uses of H. S, Carhart 348 

English Literature, Studies in Oliver Farrar Emsrson . . . 309 

Erdm Ann's History of Philosophy WiUiam M, Salter 344 

Essays, New and Old inna B, McMahan 150 

Evolution, Recent Books on Anna B. McMahan 7 

Fiction, Recent Books of Williain Morton Payne 12, 92, 239 ^ 

GEORCiKs, The Four C. W. French 64 

German Empire, Founding of the Charles H. Cooper 288 

Greek Dramatists, Odi<:s from the M. L. D'Ooge 311 

Hemenway, Francis Dana Minerva B. Norton 350 

Historic Myths, 1'he Persistknce of W. F, Poole 143 

Ibsen, Hexrik,^ The Life of W, E. Simonds 146 

International Copyright 43 

International Copyright a Fact 354 

"International" Webster, The New Melville B, Anderson . . . . 189 

Irish Parliament, The Closing Years of the . . . William Eliot Furness . . . 346 

Jefferson, Thomas, The Statesmanship of ... . Henry W. Thurston ..... 33 

Lowell for Posterity Melville B. Anderson .... 285 

Madison and Commercial Restriction Henry IV. Thurston 307 

MiLNBS, Richard M., Life, Letters, and Friendships of Edward Gilpin Johnson . . . 339 

Modern Roman, A /. «/. Halsey Ill 

New England, Economic and Social History of . . W, F, Poole 279 

Newman, Cardinal, The Life and Letters of . . . William M. Lawrence- .... 374 

Norumbega, Problem of the Northmen and Site of . Julius E. Olson 112 

"Old Country Life" Genevieve Grant 38 

Old England, A Good Old Book on Minerva B, Norton 89 

Pater's "Appreciations" C. A, L. Richards 37 

PHLLOepPHY OF THE FuTURB, Thb Anna B. McMahan . . . .^ 36 

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IV. 



INDEX. 



PoETBY, Recent Books of William Morton Payne . . 67, 312 

Powers, Dr. H. N., Death of 158 

Primitive Family, The J- J- HaUey 9 

Queens, Wits, and Beaux of Society Octave Thanet 244 

Religion and Philosophy, Notable Discussions of . John Bascom 182 

Religious Leaders, Two J, J, Halsey 87 

Renaissance, The Civilization of the Henrietta Schuyler Gardiner . . 192 

Russia, New Views of Aiihertine Woodward Moore . . 115 

Scott, Walter, Journal of Martin W. Sampson .... 231 

Stanley and His Work in Africa Minerva B. Norton 234 

Travel and Adventure, New Books of Edward Gilpin Johnson . . . 185 

"Two Years Before the Mast," The Sequel of . . Edward Playfair Anderson . . 379 

Walpole, Horace, The Letters of Octave Thanet 66 

WiNCHELL, Dr. Alexander, Death of 355 

Wineland, the Finding of Julius E. Olson 371 

World's Fair, The, and Intellectual Progress 355 



AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. 



Abbot, Francis EUingwood. The Way Out of 

Agnosticism 36 

Abbott, Mary. The Beverley s 242 

Abbot, Willis J. Battlefields and Canipfires . 254 

Auton, Mrs. Adam. Rosebud 255 

Adams, Charles Francis. Richard Henry Dana 379 
Adams, Henry. The Administrations of James 

Madison 307 

Adams, Henry. The Administrations of Thomas 

Jefferson 33 

Adamsy Mrs. A. W. Rhymes for Little Readers 252 

Adams, Myron. The Continuous Creation . . 9 

Adams, Oscar Fay. The Poet's Year .... 248 

Alger, Horatio, Jr. Struggling Upward . . . 254 

Allen, Grant. Wednesday, the Tenth . . . 251 
Allen, William F. Short History of the Roman 

People 70 

Allen, Willis Boyd. The Lion City of Africa . 255 
Anderson, Melville B. The Essays or Counsels 

of Francis Bacon 290 

Anstey, F. Voces Populi 249 

Arnold, Matthew, Poetical Works of ... . 317 

Ashton, John. Curious Ci'eatures in Zoology . 249 

Austin, Jane G. Standish of Standish .... 12 

Austin, Stella. Paul and His Friend .... 253 
Babcock, W. H, The Two Lost Centuries of 

Britain 354 

Baconian Facts . . . . * 321 

Bainton, Georg^. The Art of Authorship . . 85 
Balch, Elizabeth. Glimpses of Old English 

Homes 248 

Balch, F H. The Bridge of the Gods ... 242 

Ball, Sir Robert S. Star-Land 43 

Baring-Gould, S. Old Country Life .... 38 

Bates, Arlo. Albrecht 13 

BsizAOf Emilia Pardo. Russia : Its People and 

Its Literature 116 



Benet, S. Elgar. Sunmier Thoughts for Yule 

Tide 250 

Besant, Walter. Captain Cook 42 

Bigelow, Jolm. William CuUen Bryant ... 31 

Black, William. Prince Fortunatus .... 14 
Blackmar, Frank W. Tlie Spanish Colonization 

in the Southwest 153 

Blackmore, R. D. Kit and Kitty 14 

Blackmore, R. D. Loma Doone 248 

Blake, Mary Elizabeth. Verses Along the Way 315 

Bouvet, Marguerite. Sweet William .... 253 

Boyesen, H. H. Against Heavy Odds . . . 252 
Bradley, Charles F. The Life of Francis Dana 

Hemenway 350 

Breton, Jules. The Life of an Artist : An Auto- 
biography 383 

Brinton, Daniel G. Essays of an Americanist . 40 

Bronte, Emily. Jane Eyre 247 

Brown, John Mason. The Political Beginnings 

of Kentucky • . . 154 

Brown, Robert. The Adventures of Thomas 

PeUow 189 

Browne, William Hand. George and Cecilius 

Calvert 343 

Browning Memorial 41 

Browning, Selections from the Poetical Works of 317 
Bruce, Henry. Life of General Oglethorpe . . 344 
Brush, Christine Champlin. One Summer's Les- 
sons in Practical Perspective 252 

Burckhardt, Jacob. The Civilization of the Ren- 
aissance in Italy 192 

Butler, Sir William. Sir Charles Napier . . 194 
Butterworth, Hezekiah. Ziz-Zag Journeys in the 

Great Northwest 255 

Bynner, Edwin Lassetter. The Begum's Daugh- 
ter 93 

Calendars for 1891 250 

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INDEX. 



Carnarvon, £arl of. Letters of Philip Dormer 

to His Godson .' 61 

Castlemon, Harry. Rodney the Partisan . . 254 

Catherwood, Mary Hartwell. The Story of Tonty 12 

Century Dictionary, Volumes III. and IV. . 95, 202 

Century Magazine, Volume XXXIX. ... 43 
Champney, Elizabeth W. Three Vassar Girls 

in Switzerland 255 

Chester, E. Girls and Women 121 

Chichester, H. Manners. Memoirs of the Mil- 
itary Career of John Shipp 189 

Clark, Susie G. The Round Trip 187 

Clarke, Richard F. Cardinal Lavigerie and the 

African Slave Trade 117 

Coffin, C. C. Freedom Triumphant .... 254 
Collins, F. Howard. An Epitome of the Syn- 
thetic Philosophy 8 

Conder, R. E. Palestine 157 

Cone, Helen Gray, and Humphrey, Maud. Baby 

Sweethearts 254 

Cone, Helen Gray, and Humphrey, Maud. Tiny 

Toddlers 254 

Cook, Joel. An Eastern Tour at Home . . . 187 

Copp^e, Francois. Disillusion 250 

Cox, Psdmer. Another Brownie Book .... 254 
C ranch, Christopher Pearse. The Bird and the 

Bell 316 

Crandall, Charles H. Representative Sonnets by 

American Poets 316 

Crawford, F. Marion. A Cigarette-Maker's Ro- 
mance 241 

Curtin, Jeremiah. Myths and Folk-Lore of Ire- 
land 42 

Curtin, Jeremiah. Myths and Folk-Tales of the 

Russians, etc 352 

Dana, James D. Chai-Jicter of Volcanoes . . 148 

Dana, James I). Coi-als and Coral Islands . . 150 
Darwin, Charles. Jounuil of Researches during 
the Voyage round the World of H. M. S. 

Beagle 59 

Daudet, Alphonse. Port Tarascon 242 

Dawson, W. J. The Makers of Modern English 309 

Day's Message, Tlie 249 

De Amicis, Edmondo. Holland and Its People 246 
De Costa, B. F. The Pre-Columbian Discovery 

of America 371 

Deland, Margaret. Sidney 240 

Delano, Aline. The Autobiography of Anton 

Rubinstein 318 

Delpit, Albert. As Tis in Life 94 

De Maupassant, Guy. Modem Ghosts . . . 243 

Dickinson, Enuly. Poems 313 

Dilke, Sir Charles. Problems of Greater Britain 70 

Dobson, Austin. Four Frenchwomen .... 352 

Dobson, Austin. Memoir of Horace Walpole . 248 

Dobson, Austin. The Sun Dial 247 

Dodge, Theodore A. Alexander 293 

Drake, Samuel Adams. The Pine Tree Coast . 187 

Du Bois, Constance Goddard. Martha Corey . 241 

Duncan, Sara Jeannette. A Social Departure . 158 

Dunckley, Henry, l^rd Melbourne .... 353 

Earle, <John. English Prose 351 

Eaton, Frances. DoUikens and the Miser . . 255 

Edersheim, Alfred. Jesus the Messiah . . . 182 

Eldridge, Mary I^e. Mrs. Muff and Her Friends 252 

Electricity in Daily Life 348 

Eleusis : A Poem 43, 68 

Eliot, George. Romola 246 



Ellis, Edward S. The Cabin in the Clearing . 256 

Ellwanger, George H. The Story of My House 321 

English Poems 248 

Evolution : Popular Lectures before the Brooklyn 

Ethical Association 8 

Farrar, Canon. Eric 251 

Farrington, Margaret Vere. Fra Lippo Lippi . 247 
Field, Henry M. Bright Skies and Dark Shad- 
ows 71 

Finck, Henry T. The Pacific Coast Scenic Tour 186 

Finley, Martha. Elsie Yachting 262 

Fisher, George Park. The Nature and Method 

of Revelation 183 

Flammarion, Camille. Urania ..../. 249 

Forbes, Archibald. Havelock 97 

Frances, Laurence H. Through Thick and Thin 255 

Franzos, Karl Emil. The Chief Justice . . . 243 

Frederic, Harold. In the Valley 239 

Frederic, Harold. The Lawton Girl .... 93 

Fremont, Jessie Benton. Far- West Sketches . 187 

Fuller, Mabel I^ouise. In Poppy Land . . . 254 

Garnett, James M. Selections in English Prose 310 

Garnett, Richard. Life of John Milton ... 16 
Gasp^, Philippe Aubert de. The Canadians of 

Old 244 

Gautier, L^on. Chivalry 266 

Gayley, Charles Mills, and Scott, Fred Newton. 

A Guide to the Literature of ^Esthetics . . 310 

GUdersleeve, Basil Lanneau. Essays and Studies 160 

Gladden, Washington. Santa Clans on a Lark . 255 

God in His World 183 

Golden Flower Chrysanthemum 247 

(romme, George Laurence. The Village Com- 

mimity 154 

Goncourt, E. and J. de. Sister Pliilomeue . . 243 

(JlcM)d Things of Life 249 

(iosse, Edmund. Browning Personalia ... 41 

Gi*and Army Picture Book 254 

Gi-ay, E. Conder. Making the Best of Things . 294 

Grosse, Theobald. Tlie Humming Top . . . 266 

Hale, Edward Everett. The Story of a Dory . 250 

Hal^vy, Ludovic. A Marriage for Love . . . 247 

Harrison, Mrs. Burton. The Anglomaniacs . . 241 

Harte, Bret. A Ward of the Golden Gate . . 241 

Hawthorne. Our Old Home 246 

Hay, John. Poems 69 

Hearu, Lafcadio. Two Years in the French 

West Indies 15 

Henley, W. E. Views and Reviews .... 155 

Heyse, Paul. The Children of the World . . 243 
Higginsou, Mrs. S. J. Java : The Pearl of the 

East 72 

Higginson, T. W., and Bigelow, E. H. Amer- 
ican Sonnets 316 

Hochschild, Baron. D^sir^e, Queen of Sweden 

and Norway 319 

Hoppin, James M. Old England 89 

Horsford, Eben Norton. The Discovery of the 

Ancient City of Norumbega 114 

Horsford, Eben Norton. The Problem of the 

Northmen 112 

Hough, Williston S. Erdmann's History of Phi- 
losophy 344 

Howells, W. D. A Boy's Town 250 

Howells, W. D. The Shadow of a Dream . . 93 
Hoyt, D. L. Handbook of Historic Schools of 

Painting 294 

Hughes, Thomas. Tom Brown's School Days . 251 

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VI. 



INDEX. 



Hugo, Victor. Hans of Iceland 258 

Hutton, Laurence. Curiosities of the American 

Stage 384 

Ingersoll, Ernest. Silver Caves 253 

Isaacs, Jorge. Maria 14 

Jacobs, Joseph. English Fairy Tales .... 255 

Jfeger, Henrik. Henrik Ibsen 146 

James, E. J. The Federal Constitution of Swit- 
zerland 120 

James, Henry. The Tragic Muse 92 

Janvier, Thomas A. The Aztec Treasure-House 241 

Jefferies, Richard. The Gamekeeper at Home . 320 

JefiPerson, Joseph, The Autobiography of . . . 237 
Jephson, A. J. Mounteney. Emin Pasha and 

the Rebellion at the Equator 235 

Jerome, Irene E. From an Old Love Letter . 250 
Johnston, Henry P. The Correspondence and 

Public Papers of John Jay, Vol. I. . . . Ill 

Juvenile Periodicals for 1890 255 

Keltic, J. Scott. The Statesman's Year Hook, 

1890 90 

Keltic, J. Scott. The Story of Emin's Rescue as 

Told in Stanley's Letters 15, 236 

Kendall, Mrs. Dramatic Opinions 40 

Khayyim, Omar, Rubdiydt of 317 

King, Charles. Campaigning with Crook . . 293 

Kipling, Rudyard. Departmental Ditties . . 312 

Kitchin, Dean. Winchester 72 

Knight, F. H. Leafy Ways 250 

Knox, Thomas W. Boy Travellers in Great 

Britain and Ireland 255 

Knox, Thomas W. Horse Stories 255 

Kopta, F. P. Bohemian Legends and Ballads . 69 

Korolenko, Vhulimir. The Blind Musician . . 120 

Kraszewski, rFoseph Ignatius. The Jew . 243 
Ltidd, George Trumbull. Introduction to Phi- 

losopliy 184 

Lane- Poole, Stanley. Story of the Barlmry Cor- 
sairs 16 

Lang, Andrew. Old Friends 72 

Lazarus, Josephine. Love Letters of a Port- 
uguese Nun 319 

Lecky, William Edward Hartpole. England in 
the Eighteenth Century, Volumes VII. and 

VIII :H6 

Lee, Alfred E. European Days and Ways . . 187 
Lee, Arthur Bolles. Tlie Microtomist's Vade- 

Mecum 318 

Leger, Louis. A History of Austro-Hungary . 41 

I^ Strange, Guy. Palestine under the Moslems 158 

Litchfield, Grace Denio. Little Venice . . . 254 

Little, H. W. Henry M. Stanley 236 

Lockwood, Ingersoll. Little Giant Boab . . . 254 

Longfellow. Hiawatha 246 

Loti, Pierre. Rarahu 243 

Lowell. The Vision of Sir Launfal .... 248 

Lowell, The Writings of . 285 

Ludlow, James M. The Captain of the Janiza- 
ries 94 

Lytton, The Earl of. The Ring of Amasis . . 94 

Mabie, Hamilton Wright. My Study Fire . . 294 

Mabie, Hamilton Wright. Our New England . 248 
Machar, Agnes M., and Marquis, Thomas G. 

Stories of New France 17 

Mackay of Uganda 237 

MacWhorter, Lula. Dreams of the Sea . . . 249 
Mahaffy, J. P. The Greek World under Roman 

Sway 383 



Martin, Mrs. Herbert. Little Great Grandmother 261 
Masson, David. The (yollecte'd Writings of 

Thomas de Quincey 35 

McCarthy, Justin. A History of the Four Georges, 

Volumes I. and II 64 

McCaskey, J. P. Christmas in Song, Sketch, and 

Story 249 

McCosh, James. The Religious Aspect of Evo- 
lution 9 

Mead, Theodore H. Our Mother Tongue . . 195 

Meredith, Owen. Lucile 249 

Mitchell, Donald G. English Lands, Letters, 

and Kings 71 

Mitchell, S. Weir. A Psalm of Deaths . . . 313 

Molesworth, Mrs. Children of the Castle . . 254 

Monvel, M. B. de. Good Children and Bad . . 254 

Moore, Thomas. Lalla Rookh 250 

Moore, Thomas. The Epicurean 242 

Moorhead, Warren K. Waimeta the Sioux . . 251 

Morfill, W. R. The Stoi-y of Russia .... 115 

Morley, Henry. English Writers, Volume V. . 194 

Morris, Lewis, The Works of 69 

Morris, William. A Tale of the House of the 

Wolfings 67 

Mosaic, A .246 

Moulton, Louise Chandler. Stories Told at Twi- 
light • . 252 

Mozley, Anne. Letters and Correspondence of 

John Henry Newman 374 

Murray, G. G. A. Gobi or Shamo 14 

Nadaillac, Marquis de. Prehistoric America 379 
Newhall, Charles T. The Trees of Northeastern 

America 194 

Newton, William Wilberforce. Dr. Muhlenberg 87 

Nicholson, Mei-edith. Short Flights .... 314 

Ogden, Ruth. A Loyal Little Redcoat . . . 252 

Ohnet, Georges. The Soul of Pierre .... 249 

Oliphant, Mrs. Royal E<linburgh 383 

Oliver, Pasfield. Robert Drury's Journal . . 157 

Our Great Actors 248 

Owen, Edward T. Notes to French Fiction . . 42 

Palmer, Lynde. Half-Hours in Story Land . . 255 

Pasco, Charles Eyre. London of To-day ... 73 

Pater, Walter. Appreciations 37 

Pattison, Mark. Essays 119 

Peabody, A. P. Harvard Graduates Whom I 

Have Known 96 

Pellew, George. John Jajv* Ill 

Pennypacker, Isaac R. Gettysburg, and other 

Poems 69 

Perrot, Georges, and Cliipiez, Charles. History 

of Art in Sardinia, etc 155 

Perry, Bliss. The Broughton House .... 93 
Perry, Nora. Another Flock of Girls .... 251 
Plympton, A. G. Dear Daughter Dorothy . . 252 
Pollard, Alfred W. Odes from the Greek Dra- 
matists 311 

Pollard, Josephine, and Sunter, J. Pauline. Two 

Little Tots 254 

Prentice, George. Wilbur Fisk 89 

Proctor, Edna Dean. A Russian Journey . . 186 

Proctor, Edna Dean. Poems 316 

Pyle, Howard. The Buccaneers and Marooners 

of America 353 

Read, T. B. Sheridan's Ride 248 

Reddall, Henry F. Henry M. Stanley . . . 236 

Reed, Edwin. Bacon vs. Shakespeare .... 321 

Reed, Mrs. Elizabeth B. Hindu Literature . . 294 

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INDEX. 



Vll. 



Reeve, Charles McCormick. How We Went 

and What We Saw 384 

Reeves, Arthur Middleton. The Finding of Wine- 
land the Good 371 

Reid, T. Wemyss. Life, Letters, and Friend- 
ships of Richard Monckton Milnes .... 339 
Richards, Laura E. Captain January .... 253 
Ridolfo-Bolognesi, Pietro. II Mio Poenia . . 316 
Roberts, A. Sidney. In and Out of Book and 

Journal . 249 

Robinson, Frank T. The Winds of the Seasons 250 

Rolfe, William J. Shakespeare's Poems . . . 317 

Ruffini, G. D. Doctor Antonio 242 

Russell, A. P. In a Club Corner 16 

Russell, Clark. Nelson 97 

Ryland, Frederick. Chronological Outlines of 

English Literature 310 

Saintsbury, George. Balzac's The Chouans . . 247 
Saintsbury, George. M^rim^e's A Chronicle of 

the Reign of Charles IX 247 

Saint- Amand, Imbert de. Citizeness Bonaparte 196 
Saint- Amand, Imbert de. Marie Antoinette and 

the End of the Old Regime 156 

Saint-Amand, Imbert de. Marie Louise and the 

Decadence of the Empire 319 

Saint- Amand, Imbert de. The Court of the Em- 
press Josephine 319 

Saint-Amand, Imbert de. The Happy Days of 

the Empress Marie Louise 121 

Saint-Amand, Imbert de. The Wife of the First 

Consul 43 

Saltus, Francis S. Shadows and Ideals . . . 315 

Sand, George. The Gallant Lords of Bois Dor^e 249 

Sand, George. The Haunted Pool 249 

Sargent, John F. Reading for the Young . . 311 

Savage, Minot J. Helps for Daily Living . . 17 

Savage, Minot J. The Signs of the Times . . 17 

Scheffel, Joseph Victor von. Ekkehard ... 94 
Schelling, Felix E. Poetic and Verse Criticism 

of the Reign of Elizabeth 382 

Schunnan, Jacob Gould. Belief in God . . . 185 

Scott, Fred N. The Principles of Style ... 310 

Scott, Sir Walter, The Journal of 231 

Seawell, Molly Elliot. Little Jarvis .... 255 
Sessions, Francis C. On the Wing Through Eu- 
rope 16 

Shepherd, Henry A. The Antiquities of the State 

of Ohio 378 

Sidney, Sir Philip. Defence of Poesy .... 320 

Sienkiewicz, Henryk. With Fire and Sword . 93 
Sladen, Douglas B. W. Australian Poets, 1788- 

1888 69 

Small, Albion W. Beginnings of American Na- 
tionality 152 

Smalley, G. W. lx)ndon Letters 292 

Smith, F. Harrison. Through Abyssinia . . . 187 
Smith, G. T. Synopsis of English and American 

Literature 310 

Sociology : Papers before the Brooklyn Ethical 

Association 320 

Stahl, P. J. Maroussia 254 

Stanley, Henry M. In Darkest Africa . . . 235 

Starcke, C. N. The Primitive Family .... 9 

Starrett, Helen E. Gyppy 255 

Stebbing, William. Peterborough 42 

Stedman, E. C, and Hutchinson, Ellen M. A 
Library of American Literature, concluding 

volumes 181 



Stephen, Leslie. Dictionary of National Biography 5 
Steme, Stuart. Piero da Castiglione .... 315 
Sterrett, J. Macbride. Studies in Hegel's Philos- 
ophy 184 

Stevens, Thomas. Scouting for Stanley in East 

Africa 236 

Stevenson, Robert Louis. Ballads 313 

Stewart, Aubrey. The Tale of Troy .... 294 

Stockton, Frank R. Ardis Claverden .... 240 

Stockton, Frank R. The Great War Syndicate . 13 

Stoddard, Richard Henry. The Lion's Cub . . 313 

Stoddard, W. O. Chuck Purdy -251 

Stoddard, W. O. Crowded Out o' Crofleld . . 263 

Sumner, William Graham. Alexander Hamilton 342 

Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels .... 320 

Swiss Family Robinson 255 

Sybel, Heinrich von. The Founding of the Ger- 
man Empire, Volume 1 288 

Symonds, John Addington. Introduction to the 

Study of Dante 72 

Tennyson. The Princess 249 

Tenting on the Old Camp Ground 250 

Thanet, Octave. Expiation 13 

Thaxter, Celia. My Light House .• ... 250 
Thayer, William Roscoe. The Best Elizabethan 

Plays 96 

Thomas, Edith M. The Inverted Torch . . . 314 
Thompson, Daniel Greenleaf. The Philosophy 

of Fiction 309 ^ 

Thompson, Joseph. Mungo Park and the Niger 188 

Thruston, Gates P. The Antiquities of Tennessee 377 

Thurston, Robert H. Heat as a Form of Energy 156 

Thus Think and Smoke Tobacco 250 

Tieman, Mary Spear. Jack Homer .... 13 

Tiffany, Esther B. The Spirit of the Rne . . 250 

Tiffany, Francis. Life of Dorothea Lynde Dix . 193 

Toland, Mrs. M. B. M. Tisiyac of the Yosemite 249 

Tramp, Tramp, Tramp 260 

Trelawny, Edward John. Adventures of a Youn- 
ger Son 94 

TroUope, Thomas Adolphus. What I Remember, 

Vol.11 16 

Trowbridge, J. T. The Kelp Gatherers . . . 252 

Tsar and His People, The 382 

Turner, Asa, and His Times 120 

Upton, Mrs. H. T. Our Early Presidents . . 248 
Van Rensselaer, Mrs. John King. The Devil's 

Picture Books 247 

Verne, Jules. Csesar Cascabel 255 

Ver Planck, Mrs. J. Campbell. Wonder Light . 253 
Vincent, Frank. In and Out of Central America 157 
Wake, C. Stanilaud. The Development of Mar- 
riage and Kinship 9 

Walker, Francis A. Elementary Course in Po- 
litical Economy 15 

Ward, Herbert. Five Years with the Congo Can- 
nibals 236 

Ward, May Alden. Petrarch 384 

Washburn, William T. Spring and Summer . . 69 

Weber, Alice. When I'm a Man 253 

Webster's International Dictionary of the En- 
glish Language 189 

Weeden, William B. Economic and Social His- 
tory of New England 279 

Wenckebach, Carlo. Deutsche Literaturgeschichte 157 

Wentworth, Walter. The L rifting Island . . 253 
Wesselhoeft, Lily. The Winds, the Woods, and 

the Wanderer ^^ . 252 

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Vlll. 



INDEX. 



244 



Wharton, Grace and Philip. Queens of Society 
Wharton, Grace and Philip. Wits and Beaux of 

Society 244 

White, Greenough. The Philosophy of American 

Literature . • 311 

Wiggin, Kate Douglas, and Smith, Nora A. The 

Story Hour 255 

Wilkinson, J. A. A Real Robinson Crusoe . . 255 
Williams, R. O. Our Dictionaries, and other 

English Language Topics 195 



Wilson, Edward L. In Scripture Lands . 247 

WQson, Sir Charles. Clive 194 

Wilson, Woodrow. State and Federal Govern- 
ments of the United States 121 

Wolff, Henry W. Rambles in the Black Forest 186 
Woodberry, George Edward. Studies in Letters 

and Life 195 

Wordsworth's Sonnets, Selections from . . . 247 

Yonge, Charles D. letters of Horace Walpole 66 

Zoe 252 



Announcements of Fall Pubijcations 121 

Announcements of Spring Publications 384 

Topics in Leadino Periodicals 44, 159, 356, 385 

Books of the Month 17, 44, 73, 97, 126, 159, 196, 255, 295, 321, 356, 386 



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CONTENTS. 

SOME MODERN FRENCH PAINTERS. By Theodore 
Child. 15 illustrations (including frontispiece) from paint- 
ings by leading artists and drawings by Paul Renou^vrd 
and L. O. Mebson. 

MAKING U. S. BONDS UNDER PRESSURE. By L. E. 
Chittenden, Register of the Trejisury under President 
Lincoln. An absolutely unique episode in the history of 
our national credit. 

ROBERT BROWNING. Sonnet. By Aubkey de Veke. 

THE EVOLUTION OF inTMOR. By Profe.s8or S. H. 
Butcher, LL.D., of Edinburgh University. A difficulty 
with the Darwinian tbeorj'. 

OLD NEW YORK TAVERNS. By John Austin Stev- 
ens. With 2(3 illustrations, drawn by Howard Pyle. 

A RIDE IN AUSTRALIA. "ITirough Bush and Fern." 
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NOW IS THE CHERRY IN BLaSSOM. Poem. By^LvRY 

E. WiLKlNS. 

ENGLISH LYRICS UNDER THE FIRST CHARLES. 

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prints. 
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By W. p. HOWELI^S. *' The Shadow of a Di-eam " (con- 
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THE [MAY DUMBER 

OF THE 

North American Review 



CONTAINS 



T^EFORMS O^EEDED IN THE HOUSE the hon. thos. m. %EED, speaker. 

The Hatred of England GOLDWIN SMITH. 

Soap-'Bubbli's of Socialism SIMON u^EiVCOMB. 

IVbaf Shall We Do with Silver? THE HON. %OGER Q. (MILLS. 

The Typical .^American undrew lang and [MAX 0%ell. 

jj p^^ Words on Colonel Ingersoll zARCHDEACON FARRAR. 

Audacity in Women O^ovelists GEORGE PARSONS LATHROP. 

The {Mississippi Floods .... GEN. ^. W. GREELEY, Chief of the Signal 'Bureau. 

Why Cities are 'Badly Governed STATE SENATOR FASSETT. 

THE TARIFF ON TRIAL. 

TROTECTION IN CANADA sir %icha%d j. cartright. 

SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED THOMAS G. SHEARMAN. 

NOTES AND COMMENTS. 

Secret Sessions of the Senate EDWARD STANIVOOD. 

V^ot " Ingersoll ism" THE %El\ 'DR. LYMAN ABBOTT. 

The {Methodist Episcopal ^Bishop THE %EV. 'DR. T. 'B. U^EELY. 

i/tbuse of Police Pouers Samuel iv. cooper. 

The Responsibility for d^ndersonville WARREN LEE GOSS. 

Our Pension System GEORGE 'BABER. 

SOLD BY ALL NEWSDEALERS— 50 CENTS A COPY; $5.00 A YEAR. 

The north American review, 

U^o. ) Rut Fourteenth Street, [N^EW YORK. 

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Vol. XL MAY, 1890. 



No. 121. 



COXTENTS. 

THE DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY. 

Edward Gilpin Johnson 5 

RECENT BOOKS ON EVOLUTION. Anna B. Mc- 

Mahan 7 

THE PRIMITIVE FAMILY. J. J. Ualaey .... 9 
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne ... 12 

BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 15 

Walker's Elementary Course in Political Economy. 
— Heam's Two Years in the French West Indies. — 
Keltie^s Story of Emin^s Rescue as Told in Stanley^s 
Letters.— Trollope's What I Remember, Vol. II.— 
Gamett's Life of John Milton. — Lane-Poole*s Story 
of the Barbary Corsairs. — RusselFs In a Club Cor- 
ner. — Sessions's On the Wing Through Europe. — 
Machar and Marquises Stories of New France. — Sav- 
age's Helps for Daily Living. — Savage's The Signs 
of the Times. 

BOOKS OF THE MONTH 17 



The Dictionary of National 
Biography.* 



A comparison, in respect of creative literary 
jK)wer, is sometimes drawn — very much to our 
disadvantage — between the English-speaking 
people of to-day and the mediaeval Florentines, 
the Greeks, or the Elizabethans. To our fur- 
ther disparagement, it is hinted that strict can- 
dor would compel the average modern to admit 
a distaste for the form in which the master- 
work of literature has chiefly sought expression 
— a lurking sympathy with Professor Huxley's 
contempt for " sensual caterwauling." 

In our defence, we may urge that inferiority 
in one direction often implies superiority in 
another ; and that, within our own province, 
neither the Florentines, the Greeks, nor the 
Elizalx^thans, wuld have co])ed with us. At 
no former time have conditions l>een so favor- 
able to literary ventures calling especially for 
ripe scholarship, unclouded critical vision, and 
a wide division of scholarly lal)or : and when 
these qualities are combined in a modern work, 
we justly expect it to be of the first rank. 

* Dictionary of National BiOftRAPHY. Edited by Leslie 
Stephen. In about 50 vols. Vols. I.-XXL, Abb-Glo. New 
York : Maciwillan & Co. 



It would l>e difficult to name a venture more 
strictly within the scope of the period, or more 
thoroughly illustrative of its literary bent, than 
the '* Dictionary of National Biography," ed- 
ited by Leslie Stephen, the first twenty-one 
volumes of which are before us. This great 
work will comprise fifty volumes when com- 
pleted, and we are promised the remainder at 
the astonishingly rapid rate, quality considered, 
of one every three months. 

The main essentials of a good biographical 
dictionary are easily stated. First, as to com- 
pactness, a work necessarily so large should 
not ask an inch more of the purchaser's shelf- 
room, or a shilling more of his money, than is 
strictly needed for the fulfillment of its pur- 
pose. In his selection of names, in so far as 
we can judge, the editor has been sufficiently 
chary, — though no name, within proposed lim- 
its, likely to interest any considerable section 
of the public, seems to have been omitted. As 
implied in the title, the sketches have been 
confiiled to men born or acclimatized in (Jreat 
Britain and Ireland ; and it wiU possibly be 
urged on this side the Atlantic that Americans 
should have been included. The Dictionary, 
however, is Xational in scope, and it is hardly 
our province to prescribe to publishers the 
range of their ventures, — as to quality of work 
we may presume to judge. It is questionable, 
moreover, whether so enormous an addition to 
a work unavoidably large would be, on the 
whole, a gain. For one would scarcely care to 
risk insolvency, even to secure an all-compre- 
hensive biographical dictionary. In respect of 
names selected, there seems to l)e no reasonable 
ground of complaint. 

As to proportion of treatment, certain faults, 
doubtless inevitable at the outset, that mar the 
first volume, disappear in the succeeding ones. 
To keep each " life" strictly within Inmnds im- 
plies self-denial on the part of contributors, and 
tact on the part of the editor ; and that these 
qualities have l)een exerted l)y Mr. Stephen 
and his c(vlalx)rers is attested by the remarka- 
ble evenness and i)roportion — considering the 
numl)er of hands emi>loyed — of their work as 
a whole. 

In regard to manner of treatment, there is 
more to Ix* said. One does not go to a bio- 
gi'ai)hical dictionary for dissertation, history, 
or the personal views or literary graci^ of the 

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[May, 



contributors. Facts are what we require, — 
authentic facts illustrative of the characters 
under review. To what extent criticism is 
admissible has been questioned. We may say 
that, in general, one does not go to a biograph- 
ical dictionary for criticism — certainly not in 
the case of the greatest names. In any event, 
the judgments offered should be thoroughly 
well founded. To admit mere matter of opin- 
ion is to endanger the permanent value of a 
work that should be first and always a medium 
of information. 

In the opening volume, some of the articles 
are too long, and contain matter which it is 
unfair to ask purchasers of a work of this 
nature to pay for. For instance, were all 
the " lives " on the scale of Canon Stephens's 
disquisition (that is the word for it) on Saint 
Anselm, the proposed fifty volumes must cer- 
tainly mean a hundred and fifty. Early de- 
fects, as already stated, disappear as the work 
progresses ; and one cannot but wonder at the 
tact shown by Mr. Stephen and his aids in 
keeping in hand such a host of contributors, — 
and we may note here that these contributors 
collectively represent English scholarship at 
its best. Many of the articles in the later vol- 
umes are models of their class. Amid so much 
excellence, it is, perhaps, unfair to specify ; but 
we may say that in the papers contributed by 
Joseph Knight, Cosmo Monkhouse, and by the 
editor himself, the most hypercritical reader 
will scarcely suggest any improvements. Mr. 
Stephen's '* Byron," for example, is precisely 
what it should be, presenting the maximum of 
fact with the minimum of criticism, and judi- 
ciously avoiding the usual " Byron ic " debates 
— wherein, to quote Sancho Paiiza, "there is 
a great deal to be said on both sides." Mr. 
Monkhouse's treatment of the painters is also 
admirable. His paper on Constable is spe- 
cially good, giving in a few words the best 
characterization of that painter and his art that 
we remember to have seen. 

A biographical dictionary is perhaps chiefly 
usef 111 for the information it gives of the lesser 
notabilities — people whose records would, with- 
out it, be difficult of access ; and a rare collec- 
tion of such worthies has Mr. Stephen brought 
to light. To have been a preacher, a poet, a 
statesman, a hangman, a murderer, a pick- 
pocket, of any sort of distinction, entitles one 
to a niche in his pantheon. The ways in which 
" the bubble reputation " may be won are en- 
couragingly numerous. That the name of John 
Astley, painter, is inscribed on the roll of fame 



is due to a financial crisis which compelled him 
" to patch the back of his waistcoat with a can- 
vas of his own painting representing a mag- 
nificent waterfall" — a sorry fate for a pro- 
jected masterpiece. One would not care a 
button for John Ash, lexicographer, were he 
not the author of the most stupendous blunder 
on record. Johnson, in defining " curmud- 
geon," derived it from camr mechant " on the 
authority of an unknown correspondent" — 
whereupon the ingenious Ash gave it as from 
" comr^ unknown, and mechant, correspond- 
ent." Surrounded by a respectable concourse 
of poets and theologians, is Mrs. Elizabeth 
Brownrigg, whose humor it was to tie up her 
apprentice, Mary Clifford, " to a hook fixed in 
one of the beams in the kitchen," and to flog 
her until the victim's death put an end to the 
pleasantry. It is gratifying to learn that Mrs. 
Brownrigg's " emotional insanity " did not de- 
prive her of her reward. Abiezer Coppe was 
the most radical of non-conformists. Such was 
his contempt for the gauds and vestments of 
ritualism that he was in the habit of preach- 
ing stark naked, — until the minions of an es- 
tablished church locked him up. Mr. Coppe's 
doctrine was as impressive as his practice. 
" It's meat and drink to an angel," he held, 
" to swear a f idl-mouthed oath." George Bar- 
ington's versatility was such that he might well 
be called the Admirable Barrington. He was 
successful at once as a poet and as a pick- 
pocket. No volume of familiar quotations 
would be complete without his couplet, — 

** True patriots we, for be it understood, 
We left our country for our country's good." 

On the day that Barring-ton was transported, 
his relative. Dr. Shute Barrington, was ad- 
vanced to the bishopric of Durham — a fact 
which gave rise to the epigram, — 

'^ Two namesakes of late, in a different way, 
With spirit and zeal did bestir 'em ; 
The one was transported to Botany Bay, 
The other translated to Durham." 

A concrete example is often the best definition. 
Were one asked, for instance, to define *' hu- 
morist " — in the old sense — it would be well to 
refer the questioner to the account of Thomas 
Day, author of " Sanford and Merton," — a 
humorist of the first water. The story of his 
matrimonial ventures is very amusing. Ilis 
first proposal was made, in verse, to a Shaftes- 
bury lady, whom he invited to dwell '^ unno- 
ticed " with him ''in some sequestered grove." 
The offer was declined — in prose. Day then 
determined to secure a wife upon philosoph- 
ical principles. With a view of procuring raw 



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1890.] 



THE DIAL 



material for experiment, he chose from the 
Shrewsbury orphan asylum two girls — one a 
blonde of twelve, whom he named " Sabrina 
Sidney," the other a brunette, called " Lucre- 
tia." These neophytes he proposed to submit 
to a course of training of Spartan severity. 
Unhappily, " Sabrina" proved " invincibly stu- 
pid," and was placed with a milliner, " where 
she did weU, and finally married a linen-dra- 
per." Day then took a house on Stow Hill 
and devoted himself to the training of " Lucre- 
tia." But as "she screamed when he fired 
pistols (only loaded with imaginary ball) at 
her petticoats, and started when he dropped 
melted sealing-wax on her arms, he judged her 
to fall below the right standard of stoicism." 
He finally married a Miss Esther Milnes, and 
gave further and most convincing proof of his 
eccentricity by insisting that '* her fortune be 
placed beyond his control, that she might re- 
treat from the experiment if it proved too pain- 
ful." To Pierce Egan, author of "Life in 
London," " Boxiana," etc., was paid as sincere 
a compliment as was ever earned by the pen. 
It is related that Thurtell the murderer, just 
before his execution, said wistfully to his war- 
ders : " It is perhaps wrong for one in my sit- 
uation, but I own I should like to read Pierce 
Egan's accoimt of the great fight yesterday " 
— meaning the championship " battle" between 
Spring and Langan. One can imagine the 
poor wretch in Newgate, the fetters on his 
limbs, the death-watch round him, the chill 
London fog stealing in through the corridors, 
the awakening stir of preparation — sounds to 
which the '- knocking at the gate " in " Mac- 
beth " were cheerful — begging for a last hour 
with his favorite author. Compared to this, 
Johnson's tribute to Burton is the damnation 
of faint praise. 

But it is not as a chronicle of crime and 
eccentricity that we are to regard the work 
under review. Primarily, it is the object of 
the '' Dictionary of National Biography " to 
set forth in unglossed narrative whatever is 
known or can be learned of Englishmen who 
have measurably contributed toward England's 
greatness — whether it be in science, art, litera- 
ture, or politics. It should be noted that — for 
the convenience of readers desiring specially 
minute information — a full list of references 
is appended to each " life." Of the value of 
such a record to Americans one scarcely need 
speak ; and we take it for granted that no ref- 
erence library in this coimtry, of the least pre- 
tension to completeness, will be without it. 



Moreover, aside from its mere utDity, the work 
is a veritable mine of entertainment ; and 
owners of private libraries who are judicious- 
enough to add it to their collections will find 
it quite as weU adapted to the hour of recrea- 
tion as to that of study. To the editor and pub- 
lishers of the " Dictionary" is due the credit of 
having produced not only the best biographical 
dictionary in existence, but the most servicea- 
ble and impressive literary work of the present 
generation. Edward Gilpin Johnson. 



Recknt Books on EvoLirxiox.* 

The history of modern thought shows two 
landmarks far transcending all others in im- 
portance. One of these dates back to 1543, 
through the adoption of the Copemican sys- 
tem of astronomy ; the other belongs to our 
own generation, and springs from the accept- 
ance of the doctrine of Evolution. These are 
the great epochs in the realm of ideas, because 
they are the points at which men have been 
forced to revise their theories of the universe ; 
and every alteration in the theory of nature, 
every fresh hypothesis regarding the origin of 
the world, must of necessity cause a revision 
of current systems of theology, metaphysics, 
and morals. Great was the revolution in hu- 
man thought three centuries ago when it could 
no longer be believed that the earth was the 
central spot of the universe, and it shook the 
whole fabric of Christian theology to its foun- 
dation ; but it was not greater than that we 
have seen, and are seeing, in our own day and 
generation, following upon our new cosmology. 
Nor is there any more reason for supposing 
that our new theory of the relation of things 
in time — Evolution — will ever be supplanted, 
than there is for supposing a similar displacing 
of the older theory of the relation of things in 
space. As science, Evolution has passed be- 
yond the realm of controversy, and every sci- 
entific writer, in whatever department, assumes 
it as granted. As Professor Le Conte has well 
said, — " We might as well talk of gravitation- 
ist as of evolutionist." 

•An Epitomb op the Synthbtic Philosophy. By F. 
Howard Collins. With a Preface by Herbert Spencer. New 
York : D. Appleton <& Co. 

Evolution : Popular Lectures and Discussions before the 
Brooklyn Ethical Association. Boston : James H. West. 

The Continuous Creation. By Myron Adams. Boston : 
Hous^hton, Mifflin <& Co. 

The Religious Aspect of Evolution. By James Mc- 
Cosh, D.D., LL.D., Litt. D. New York : Charles Scribner's 
Sons. 



Digitized by 



Google 



8 



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[May, 



In the popular mind, however, there is still 
considerable vagueness in respec»t to the exact 
•8(M)pe and meaning of the new word. What is 
this all-potent process which presumes to ac- 
-count not only for the world and man, but for 
^all that man has become and has done — cus- 
toms, habits, beliefs, tools, literature, arts, mor- 
als, religion? 

The series of books called " The Synthetic 
Philosophy," in which Herbert Spencer un- 
folds the general concept of a single and all- 
pervading, natural process, — tracing it out 
through all its modes of action, in sun and 
star, plant, animal, and humanity, and giving 
to it the name of Evolution, — are too volumi- 
nous, too technical, too difficult, for the aver- 
age reader. Although Spencer's literary style 
is admirably clear and direct, not every one 
will be sufficiently in earnest to follow him 
through the successive chapters of demonstra- 
tion in order to get at his completed definition : 

" Evolution is an integration of matter and concom- 
itant dissipation of motion ; during which the matter 
passes from an indefinite incoherent homogeneity to 
a definite coherent heterogeneity ; and during which 
the retained motion undergoes a parallel transforma- 
tion." 

Still fewer are those who will master the eight 
volumes in which the law is shown to apply to 
organic life, to mind and habit, to societies, 
politics, morals, religion. The word Evolution 
l)eing in eveiy mouth, the demand of the hour 
is for something more simple, more available, 
better suited t« the conditions under which 
most people must do their reading and gain 
their knowledge. 

Mr. Howard Collinses " Epitome of the Syn- 
thetic Philosophy " might, by its title, be sup- 
jK)sed to Ije a work of such purpose. Mr. Col- 
lins has been index-maker of Spencer's works, 
and for five years has been engaged in the task 
of bringing into the (»ompass of this single vol- 
ume the substance of Spencer's eight volumes. 
But let not our average reader Ihj misled into 
the assumption that this is the lK)ok for him. 
It is, in fact, very nuich harder reading than 
the original authority. Its aim is not simpli- 
fication but condensation, and the^ basis of the 
<!ondeusation is a mathematical one, retaining 
all the original divisions by chapters and ])ar- 
agra])hs, but reducing each to one-tenth of its 
original proportions. The five thousand and 
more Spetu»er pages are thus rej)reftented by 
one lK)ok of a little over five hundred pages. 
This com])ression has Ix^en obtained by the 
sacrifice of all illustration and nearly all elu- 
cidation, each i)roposition Inung stated in its 



most abstract form. The chief value of the 
work, therefore, is for students who have al- 
ready studied the subject largely. To such it 
will prove a convenient reference book for com- 
pact statement of inclusions with which they 
are already familiar ; or, perchance, as an as- 
sistance to the conception of the general pro- 
portions of the parts to the whole, as a system. 
Also, the specialist in any department of sci- 
ence will find it serviceable as a sort of ampli- 
fied index of the original, indicating the places 
where fuller treatment of his to})ic may lx» 
found. The work seems well done for these 
uses ; but let all beginners beware of it. To 
one unacquainted with the subject, we can im- 
agine nothing more forbidding than its array 
of highly abstract and unilluminated propo- 
sitions, and it would inevitably create a dis- 
taste for what is in truth a gi-eatly fascinating 
theme. 

A collection of lectures by various persons, 
with the discussions following their delivery, 
has been published by the Brooklyn Ethical 
Association, with the avowed purjwse " of pop- 
ularizing correct views of the Evolution phil- 
osophy." The lectures are fifteen in number, 
and, beside technical treatment of each depart- 
ment of the subje(*t, include introductory l>io- 
graphical sketches of Herbert Spencer and 
Charles Darwin, and three concluding topics 
of somewhat wider scope, dealing with the re- 
lation of Evolution to diflferent phases of life 
and thought. The book has the inevitable 
deficiencies of any such collection. While it 
is evident that the effort has l)een made to as- 
sign each subject to a writer with some equij)- 
meiit for his titsk, there is, nevertheless, a great 
inequality in the execution of the work. Some 
are admirable inonograi)hs — as, for example, 
the two by Mr. Chadwick, '^ Charles Dar- 
win " and '* Evolution as Related to Religious 
Thought''; also, M. J. Savage's '' The Effects of 
Evolution on the Coming Civilizsition." Others 
are insignificant, as the opening j)aper on ^'Iler- 
Ixjrt Spencer ": or painfully feeble and iiiade- 
(piate, as the one on " The Philosoi)hy of Evo- 
lution." The same diversity in value occurs 
in the strictly scientific topics. S])ecialists of 
more than local reputation contribute some of 
these, — Garrett P. Serviss writing of '^ Solar 
and Planetary Evolution," Lewis (i. Janes of 
'^ Evolution of the Earth," E. D. C()i)e of '" The 
Descent of Man." But as a rule there is less 
directness and sim})licity than there should be. 
We know the difficulties : but the success of 
Edward C'lodd in his ^' Story of Creation," and 

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of H. M. Siiinnons in *' The Unending Gene- 
sis/' proves that *" popular " writing is jiot im- 
possible even on these subjects. 

A better book than either of the foregoing, 
indeed one of the best yet issued for the pur- 
pose we are considering, — namely, for present- 
ing in simple and attractive form the leading 
features of Evolution, — is the work of Myron 
Adams on '- The Continuous C/reation." Ilis 
aim Ls to make " an application of the Evolu- 
tionary Philosophy to the Christian Religion," 
thus taking hold of the subject at the point of 
its greatest interest for most people. He does 
not undertake to prove the doctrine of Evolu- 
tion, to examine in detail the specific grounds 
of its adoption by the scientific world, assum- 
ing as sufficient authority the testimony of ac- 
tual investigators that it works as far as it is 
followed. For definition, he goes to Professor 
Le Conte, — and wisely, since it is hard to con- 
ceive a better: — Evolution is (1) continuous 
progressive change, (2) according to certain 
laws, (3) by means of resident forces. Three 
opening chapters are devoted to the scientific 
application of this definition ; but Mr. Adams 
well knows that it is not on this ground that 
the l)attle for Evolution is to be fought. So 
long as the scientific aspects are alone in ques- 
tion, the scientists may have their way without 
objections ; but thoughtful persons see that the 
matter cannot stop there : granted so much, a 
great modification of religious philosophy must 
follow, a profound revolution in all the supreme 
subjects of human mterest must impend. In 
Mr. Adams's own words, — 

" There is a feeling that Evolution is dangerous. The 
exaggeration of that feeling is that evolutionary philos- 
osophy comes as a whirlwind to destroy religion ; on the 
contrary, it comes to restore and revive it." 

To prove and enforce this statement, in the 
various lines of religious thought, is the work 
of the remaining chapters, bearing such titles 
as, '* The Bible a Record of Religion's Grad- 
ual Growth," '^The Problem of Evil," '^The 
Consummation of Evolution is Immortality," 
"Resident Forces and the Divine Personality," 
" Prayer," " Miracles and Scientific Thought," 
" Faith and Intuition.'' These subjects are all 
admirably worked out, and though the l)ook is 
less scholarly than Le Conte's *' Evolution as 
Related to Religious Thought," and less brill- 
iant than Powell's " Our Heredity from God," 
it is, on the whole, probably the most success- 
ful attempt yet made to enlighten the unin- 
formed concerning the scope and bearings of 
the Evolution philosophy. 



President McCosh's "Religious Aspect of 
Evolution " is a small book of 120 pages, an- 
nouncing itself as an ^^ enlarged and improved 
edition." But it needs a far more fundamental 
enlargement to bring it up to present require- 
ments of thought. It belongs to that by-gone 
period of the discussion when it was considered 
the duty of the hour to reconcile Genesis and 
geology, to torture impossible meanings out of 
Moses' use of the word " day," to set definite 
lx>undaries to religion " natural " and religion 
'^ revealed." President McCosh has not come 
sufficiently abreast with his subject to see that 
all religion, however derived, is a manifestation 
of the life of God in the life of man. Revela- 
tion is not merely a fleeting gleam of divine 
inspiration, at a remote period, u|)on a small 
portion of the race, but it is the unveiling of 
the mind of man to see the sunrise of God's 
glory in the world. It is the record, not so 
much of God's revealing himself to man, as 
of man's development into a consciousness of 
God. And Revelation, in this sense, is almost 
synonymous with Evolution. 

Anna B. McMahan. 



The Primitive Family.* 



Since the publication, nearly thirty years 
ago, of Sir Henry Maine's '* Ancient Law," a 
battle of lKX)ks and magazine articles has raged 
fiercely round the *' patriarchal theory" of soci- 
ety as therein set forth. Rashly accepted by 
many students of philology and jurisprudence 
as a general working hypothesis, this theory 
was strenuously attacked by anthropologists as 
too limited in its inductions, both in time and 
place, and as an hypothesis which ignored the 
larger circle of facts. Conspicuous among its 
assailants was the ingenious and imaginative 
McLennan, whose destructive criticism, in his 
" Patriarchal Theory," while expressing some 
of the irritability of a dying man, yet shows 
a vigor and a trenchancy due to a scientific 
method of attack. Herbert Spencer had al- 
ready, in his calmer and more careful manner, 
shown the too narrow basis of the theory as a 
working hyj)othesis of society in what is now 
his chapter on " The Family " in his " Princi- 
ples of Sociology." It is probably safe to say 

♦The Primitive Family in its Origin and Develop- 
ment. By C. N. StATcke, Ph.D. of the University of Copen- 
hagen. ** International Scientific Series," Vol. LXV. New 
York : D. Appleton <fe Co. 

The Development of Marriage and Kinship. By C. 
Staniland Wake. London : George Red way. ^^^y | 

_ igitized by VriOOQlC 



10 



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[May, 



that no prominent thinker in the sphere of So- 
ciology now maintains Maine's theory in its 
leading characteristics of exclusive Agnation 
and Patria Potestas, 

But the successful critic is not always equally 
successful in constructive work. Mr. McLen- 
nan, even before he had tumbled in partial ruin 
the foundations of Sir Henry Maine's theory, 
proceeded, in his " Primitive Marriage," to 
erect his own hypothesis, which has become as 
famous as its predecessor. Every student of 
sociology is now familiar with his evolutionary 
scheme of marriage and kinship : general pro- 
miscuity and attending destruction of female 
infants ; thence scarcity of women, producing 
polyandry of the Nair type, unrecognizable pa- 
ternity, female kinship, and polyandry of the 
Thibetan type ; marriage by capture, produc- 
ing exogamy and, ultimately, male kinship ; 
finally, heterogeneous local tribes, with endog- 
amous clans, survival of original capture in 
symbols of voluntary marriage, and the ad- 
vance to monogamy. This view has been ac- 
cepted, w^ith some diflference in detail, by Lub- 
bock, and its starting-point in promiscuity has 
been arrived at independently by Bachofen, 
Morgan, and Lubbock. All these theorists of 
what may be called the "general promiscuity" 
group seem to start out with a preconceived 
theory, instead of with careful inductions from 
facts, and they ignore not only the data of 
economic and legal studies, but even those of 
biology. The McLennan theory, however, as 
the one most plausibly maintained, has been as 
vigorously, and we think as successfully, at- 
tacked as the Maine theory. Herbert Spen- 
cer, in the chapter already alluded to, took 
exception both to its starting-point, its logic of 
procedure, and its ultimate conclusions. He 
clearly pointed out the narrow range of poly- 
andry ; suggested probable causes other than 
pi'omiscuity for the prevalence of female kin- 
ship, as well as economic reasons for a wide 
prevalence of monogamy aa a primary social 
phenomenon ; emphasized the improbability of 
early races depleting the stock of available 
wives, with one hand by destroying female 
infants, and with the other seeking to make 
the deficiency good by capture from equally 
depleted stocks of neighboring tribes ; and, 
finally, showed several other causes working 
alongside of capture to produce the symbolism 
of more recent marriage. 

What Mr. Spencer did in outline so admir- 
ably fourteen years ago has been attempted 
in a more enlarged treatment in the two works 



now before us. Dr. Starcke and Mr. Wake 
occupy common ground as their starting-point, 
and do not differ widely in their conclusions, 
and both have made valuable contributions to 
the study of primitive society. Both repudiate, 
with Spencer, the sole explanation of female 
kinship in uncertain paternity growing out of 
promiscuity and polyandry. But the style of 
presentation is widely different. Mr. Wake 
has written a treatise as attractive in its forci- 
ble English and clear logical sequence, as Dr. 
Starcke's is oppressive by the reverse. The 
proof-reader has done Mr. Wake scant justice. 
Such slips as Epi«caste, Talbot Wheeler for 
Talboy.s, and Vamber^ for Vamberj/, should 
not be found in so expensive a book. But 
literary and typogi'aphical merits or demerits 
do not principally concern us. These are 
epoch-making books : let us attend to their 
matter. We can merely give opinions ; the 
books must be consulted for the various evi- 
dence cited in proof. 

Dr. Starcke advances and well maintains the 
following opinions : (1) Marriage was not pre- 
ceded by promiscuity, but social life begins in 
the partially agnatistic family. (2) Hence agna- 
tion is not developed from female kinship, but 
has an earlier development. (3) Female kin- 
ship is not, in any large measure, due to imcer- 
tain paternity, but to mothers' groups in polyg- 
ynous families. (4) The influence of locality 
has had much to do in assigning the child to 
the father or to the mother. Agricultural com- 
munities value workers, pastoral communities 
value cattle : in the former the father will bring 
in a husband for his daughter, in the latter he 
will sell her out for a price in cattle ; the for- 
mer will thus establish a female line of descent, 
through its daughters with alien husbands, 
while the latter will maintain the male line. 
(5) Polyandry has been of limited range, and 
originated in the patriarchal joint family of 
male descent. (6) The Levirate maiTiage of 
the Hebrews had no relation to polyandry, 
but grew out of the desire to have heirs to 
offer the funeral sacrifice. (7) But last and 
most original of all his theses — the relation 
of sex is by no means the central point and 
raison cTHre of primitive marriage, since "it 
is not adapted to support the burden of social 
order." The contract idea is at the bottom 
of marriage, carrying with it the idea of legal- 
ity, which, as it at first excluded the thought 
of a wife chosen from within the family cir- 
cle, for whom no contract could be made, so, 
extending its prohibition to thef^ 
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kindred, drove on to outside marriage, or ex- 
ogamy. 

On the last of the seven points made it will 
be well to linger, as this is, in Dr. Starcke's 
judgment, his distinct contribution to the dis- 
cussion of early marriage. He says : 

*< We shall meet with no stronger distinction between 
aninial and human existence than the use of fire. By 
its use the way was opened to man to obtain better 
nourishment; it then became possible to become a flesh- 
eating animal. The necessary preparation of food 
which resulted from this fact caused a division of labor 
between the sexes, which was unknown in the animal 
world. The man then became the regular provider of 
food, not, as in the case of animals, only occasionally, 
and it was the woman's part to prepare the prey. In 
this way she became indispensable to the man, not on 
account of an impulse which is suddenly aroused and as 
quickly disappears, but on accoimt of a necessity which 
endures as long as life itself, namely, the need of food. 
. . . A man connects himself with a woman in order 
that she might keep house for him, and to this may be 
added a second motive, that of obtaining children. His 
ownership of the children does not depend upon the 
fact that they were begotten by him, but upon the fact 
that he owns and supports their mother. . . . The 
interest felt in children must have exerted its influence 
on the form of marriage, since it furnishes a motive for 
polyg^amy which is not included in the need of a house- 
keeper. A man will be actuated by this motive in pro- 
portion to the number of available women, and to his 
power of purchasing and providing for them. It fol- 
lows from the nature of things . . . that polyg- 
amy can never have been the normal condition of a 
tribe, since it would have involved the existence of twice 
as many women as men. Polygamy must necessarily 
have been restricted to the noblest, richest, and bravest 
members of the tribe. . . . The common household, 
in which each had a given work to do, and the common 
interest of obtaining and rearing children, were the 
foundations upon which marriage was originally built. 
And from the sympathy which inevitably springs from 
the interests which they have in common, that love is 
developed which effects a perfect and stable marriag^.', 

Dr. Starcke's work barely precedes, in date, 
that of Mr, Wake, and does not deprive it of 
originality in its judgments, which were arrived 
at independently. Consequently, the general 
agreement of argument in the two books is 
most striking. AH the positions which Dr. 
Starcke has taken against the McLennan the- 
ories are also forcibly taken by Mr. Wake, who 
fortifies his ground by abundant citations of 
examples as well as by most cogent reasoning. 
To go through his positions would be but to 
repeat what has already been said in reference 
to the earlier book ; it will be sufficient to say 
that the one thesis peculiar to Dr. Starcke is 
the economic rather than emotional basis of 
marriage ; Mr. Wake ako has his own special 
contribution, which must be noted, at least in 
citation, as a distinct and valuable contribu- 



tion to the discussion of kiaship. He says: 
<< It is necessary to point out the distinction between 
relationship and kinshipf a distinction which is usually 
lost sight of. The former of these terms is wider than 
the latter, as two persons may be related to each other, 
and yet not be of the same kin. Systems of kinship 
are based on the existence of a special relationship of 
persons to each other, as distinguished from the general 
relationship subsisting between such persons and other 
individuals. . . . While a man may be related 
generally through his father to one class of individuals, 
and through his mother to another class, he may be of 
kin only to one class or the other. This special rela- 
tionship or kinship is accompanied by certain disabili- 
ities, particularly in connection with marriage, which it 
would not be possible in small communities to extend 
to all persons related to each other through both par- 
ents. Kinship, as distinguished from mere relationship, 
must be restricted, therefore, to one line of descent. 
It is evident that a child may be treated as specially 
related to either parent, and be reckoned of his or her 
kin to the exclusion of the kin of the other parent. 
There must be some reason for the preference in any 
particular case other than that based on paternity or 
maternity, seeing that uncultured peoples, as a rule, 
fully recognize the relationship of a child to both par- 
ents. As a fact, the kinship of the child depends on the 
conditions of the marital arrangement between its par- 
ents. Among the social restraints on promiscuity, one 
of the most powerful is that which arises from the 
rights of a woman's father or kindred. These rights 
extend not only to her conduct before marriage . . . 
but also to the marriage itself and its consequences. 
Thus the woman's father or her kin, in the absence of 
any agreement to the contrary, claim her children as be- 
longing to them, whether she remains with them after 
her marriage, or goes to reside among her husband's 
kin. . . . Whether descent shall be traced in the 
female or in the male line, depends on whether or not 
the woman's kin have given up their natural right to 
the children of the marriage. ... If the husband 
does not give anything in return for his wife she con- 
tinues a member of her own family group, and her 
children belong to their mother's kin. If, however, the 
husband pays a bride-price, she may have to give up 
lier own family for that of her husband, and her ofiP- 
spring will belong to the latter." 

It may be safely claimed that these two writ- 
ers have done much toward a more scientific 
view of primitive marriage and kinship. By 
careful and patient collocation of facts over a 
wide area of social life, by as careful a study 
of the unsophisticated man under the influence 
of the instincts of self-preservation, sex, and 
order, they have laid a secure foundation for 
the cautious reasoning of which they both are 
masters. Starting fi-om the decisions of so 
distinguished a biologist as Darwin, who will 
not concede promiscuity even among the quad- 
rumana, we begin human life in the monoga- 
mous family, witness the phenomena of polyan- 
dry and polygamy thrown off and left by the 
wayside, — the one continuing the primary male 
descent, the other developing female kinship, 



3gle 



12 



THE DIAL 



[May, 



and come tlirougli a varied world of maiTiage 
relations to the monogamous form of the mod- 
em world of Christian faith, in which love as 
a basis has not set aside the older basis of con- 
tract, but has reached beneath it and rooted it 
in the holiest sentiment of the race. 

J. J. Halsey. 



Recext Fiction.* 

Since no writer of English fiction at the 
present day can, except by the very midsum- 
mer madness of myopic criticism, be for a mo- 
ment considered as ranking with the great 
masters of the last generation, it is evident 
that whatever interest there lies for us in con- 
temporary novels must be sought for, not in 
their portrayal of character or situation upon 
the absolute terms of art, but in their points of 
incidental excellence, whether of style, theme, 
or tendency. This is a fact which is coming 
to be generally recognized ; and most careful 
readers of the modern product frankly admit 
that what attracts them is either some quaint- 
ness or suggestiveness of language, the exposi- 
tion of some social or intellectual problem, or 
the selection of some special field in which the 
wi'iter is prepared to present interesting in- 
formation, more or less obviously disguised in 
fictive garb. No one, for example, could seri- 
ously maintain the ingenious Mr. Ilowells, or 
the picturesque Mr. Crawford, or the solemn 
Mrs. Ward, to be a writer of gieat fiction in 
the sense in which Charles Dickens, or Sir 
Walter Scott, or George Eliot was such. But 
we are none the less attracted by the humor of 
the one, the novelty, or the earnest purpose, of 
the others. And to our mind the most prom- 

*The Story of Tonty. By Mary Hartwell Catherwood. 
Chicago : A. C. MeClurg & Co. 

Standirh of Standish. a Story of the Pilgrims. By 
Jane G. Austin. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 

The Great War Syndicate. By Frank R. Stockton. 
Xew York : Dodd. Mead & Co. 

Expiation. By Ocfcive Thanet. Xew York : Charles 
Scrihner's Sons. 

Albrecht. ByArlo Bates. Boston: Roberts Brothers. 

Jack Horner. A Novel. By Mary Spear Tieman. Bos- 
ton : Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 

Prince Fortunatus. A Novel. By William Black. 
New York : Harper & Brothers. 

Kit and Kitty. A Novel. By R. D. Blackraore. New 
York : Harper & Brothers. 

Gobi or Shamo. A Story of Three Songs. By G. G. A. 
Murray. New York : Longmans, Green, & Co. 

Maria : A South American Romance. By Jorge Isaacs. 
The Translation by RoUo Ogden. New York : Harper & 
Brothers. 



ising field for the clever but mediocre novelist 
of the present uncreative age is that which we 
have taken Mr. Crawford to illustrate — the 
field of special and unfamiliar information. It 
was really the glimpse of Indian life, and not 
the vagaries of Kam Lai and his astral body, 
that set us all to reading '^ Mr. Isaacs "; it was 
the treatment of German life (in the students' 
" corps " and the ancestral legend-haunted cas- 
tle) that made "' Greifenstein " attractive to 
us, and it is interest in the social and jwlitical 
condition of new Italy that makes us anxiously 
await another volume about the doings of the 
Saraeinesca family. The substitution of mere 
knowledge for creative ability doubtless marks 
for us a decadent epoch in literature ; but we 
may console ourselves by the reflection that 
there are, after all, enough really good novels 
left us from the past to fill up as large a share 
of the average existence as should reasonably 
be devoted to that soii; of entertainment. 

These remarks are not, however, designed to 
introduce any new novel by Mr. Crawford, for, 
strange to say, although it is at least six months 
since that familiar name has greeted us from 
the title-page of a volume just from the press, 
we have seen no reason to expect that its owner 
is about to bestow upon the public any fresh 
product of his industry. But they are sug- 
gested to us liy the perusal of two recently 
published stories which deal with certain im- 
portant phases of American histoiy, and which 
illuminate, with singular clearness, the periods 
and the scenes which they represent. We refer 
to Mrs. Catherwood's "• The Story of Tonty " 
and Mrs. Austin's ''Standish of Standish," 
two of the most conscientious and sympathetic 
studies in historical fiction that have come to 
us for examination in late years. 

In *' The Story of Tonty " Mrs. Catherwood 
has emphasized the success made by her " Ro- 
mance of DoUard." The story of La Salle and 
his lieutenant, beginning in Montreal, and end- 
ing, tragically enough, by the Mississippi shore, 
is one which offers many elements of romantic 
interest, and the author has told it in a strong 
and fascinating way. La Salle, quite as much 
as Tonty, is the historical hero of her work, 
and both figures stand out in very human dis- 
tinctness. There is a great wealth of material 
for the novelist in these annals of New France 
and of the western territory, which was an un- 
explored wilderness two centuries ago, and Mrs. 
Catherwood has exhibited a remarkable talent 
for making use of it for purposes of fiction. 

The character of Miles Standish has already 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



13 



been given a place in the gallery of historical 
figures made familiar to all of us by tlie art of 
the poet and the novelist ; and yet Mrs. Austin, 
in her i*e-<lelineation of the famous Pilgrim, 
seems to have given him a clearer outline and 
a warmer coloring than he has had before in the 
imagination. But *' Standish of Standish " is 
not the only historical figure in Mrs. Austin's 
romance. Bradford and Carver and Winslow 
are there as well, and many others of whom 
those curious in New England history have 
read in ^' Mourt's Relation" and other precious 
records of the past. Indeed, all of the figures 
in this story are historical in some degree, and 
what is more, they are not mere images with 
but the semblance of animation, not puppets 
worked by wires only too evident to the ob- 
server, but living men and women, our own 
ancestors again clothed in flesh and blood, and 
affording a very human contrast to the rather 
inhuman picture of the early colonists of Mas- 
sachusetts Bay which has been so often thiiist 
forward by well-meaning writers. In other 
words, out of comparatively meagre materials, 
the author has made a very vital narrative, and 
one which must appeal strongly to every man 
with New England blood in his veins. To 
those '' dear ones whose memory we cherish so 
lovingly, and in the sober reality of whose lives 
lies a charm no romance can ever reach," this 
l)ook is a worthy tribute, and, we trust, a last- 
ing monument. 

Mr. Stockton's story of '' The Great War 
Syndicate " is a variation upon a well-worn 
theme. War is declared between Great Britain 
and the United States, and our government 
does not know how to meet the enemy, being 
entirely unprepared for anything of the sort. 
At this point a syndicate of capitalists comes 
forward, offers to carry on the war for the 
government, and makes a contract to that effect. 
Victory is speedily assured us, for the syndicate 
controls a secret force more suggestive of the 
Keely motor than of anything else, and quite 
as deadly as the " vril " of " The Coming 
Race." Armed with this mysterious power, 
the war-ships of the syndicate sail forth, and 
speedily reduce England to subjection. The 
warfare described by Mr. Stockton is unparal- 
leled by anything in recorded history, for the 
reason that it is waged from beginning to end 
without loss of life. At least, there is only one 
life lost, and that is by accident. But if Mr. 
Stockton has no tale of murder grim and great 
to tell us, he blows up a few vessels and forti- 
fied places by means of his new force, and 



contrives to make his story generally exciting. 

The reputation made by Miss French (we 
believe that the personality of the lady who 
signs herself *' Octave Thanet " is now an open ^ 
secret) as a writer of realistic sketches of life 
in the Southwest is more than confirmed by 
her story of " Expiation," her first fuU-fledged 
novel. The work is sustained in interest, strong 
and virile enough to warrant the use of a mas- 
culine Jiorn de guerre. We should no more 
suspect it, from internal evidence, to be the 
work of a woman than we suspected that to be 
the case with the author of " Where the Battle 
was Fought." " Expiation " is a story of Ar- 
kansas in the days of the guerrillas and the 
closing months of the late war. There is a 
little more of the element of dialect than we 
can ac(»ept with unalloyed pleasure, but this 
deepens the general impression of faithfulness 
to fact which is the net result of the perusal of 
this remarkable story. It is m something more 
than the hackneyed sense of the terms that w^e 
may speak of the characters in this story as 
well drawn and vital, of the situations as inter- 
esting, and of the scenes as graphically de- 
scribed. And the reflective or contemplative 
passages of the book have the charm of a poetic 
instinct and the grace of a finished style. 

It is undoubtedly true, as Mr. Arlo Bates 
confesses, that without the Freiheri' de la Motte 
Fouque's " Undine" for a precedent, the story 
of "Albrecht" would never have l)een con- 
ceived. But it is equally true that the story 
is a charming and graceful piece of imagina- 
tive work, showing us, among other things, that 
realism does not yet have everything its own 
way with our novelists. In Mr. Bates's story 
the soulless mortal is a man, not a woman, a "^ 
kol)old, not an undine, and his marriage with 
the maiden of his choice, in furnishing him 
with a soul, endangers that of his wife. But 
in the end the powers of darkness are subdued. 
The scene of the romance is fittingly placed 
in the Black Forest, at the time of Karl the 
Great. 

The city of Richmond, at the time of our 
own civil war, is chosen for the scene of " Jack 
Horner." " Human blood at that time," says 
the writer, " was of a splendid red color, as a 
hundred fields could testify. It had not yet be- 
come the languid lukewarm tide which evolves 
the pale emotions of a modern American novel." 
No great amount of blood is made to flow by the 
author of this story, although she has chosen to 
deal with the war period, but we are left in 
little doubt as to the nature of the fluid tha|;Qlp 



14 



THE DIAL 



[May, 



courses through the arteries of the principal 
characters. They are all very genuine men and 
women, with the exception of the hero ^jr??' ex- 
cellence^ and he is a very genuine baby. In 
fact, this modern edition of the famous nursery 
hero is about as adorable a bit of infant human- 
ity as is often found in a novel, to say nothing 
of the cold actual world. But he could not 
have the story all to himseK, and so he is sur- 
rounded by a number of pleasant people, whose 
lives, during those trying years of siege, come 
to be strangely interesting to us, so gracefully 
is their story told. The novel is one whose 
perusal will leave no feeling of regiet for a 
wasted hour. 

Mr. William Black has so pleasant a way 
of telling a story, and is so beguiling a chron- 
icler of the small-talk of the club and the 
drawing-room, that we are apt to forget, until 
we come to reflect upon it after the book is 
closed, how uninteresting the story is in itself, 
and how trivial the conversation of which it 
largely consists. " Prince Fortunatus ' is an 
example of the average novel of Mr. Black's 
recent years. It makes us acquainted with a 
lot of clever and generally well-behaved peo- 
ple, having various degrees of interest in one 
another, and never plays upon our emotions 
beyond the point of gentle and agreeable stim- 
idation. The hero, in the present case, is a 
singer of comic opera, and the romance of his 
life is threefold — that is to say, he is in love, 
more or less simultaneously, with three women. 
Probably the extremely idiotic game of poker 
which he is described as playing on one occa- 
sion, when in a peculiarly reckless mood, may 
be accounted for by the distraction incident 
upon such a state of mind and heart as is im- 
plied in an affection thus divided. In the end, 
he marries one of the three — he could not do 
more, not being a merman — and, as it can make 
little difference to the reader which of the three 
it is, the story may be said to end happily. 

The muse of all perversity seems to preside 
over the naming of Mr. Blackmore's latest sto- 
ries and of their characters, male and female. 
*' Kit and Kitty " is sufficiently bizarre as a 
title for a serious novel, and it is peopled by 
such persons as Tabby Tapscott, Tony Tonks, 
and Donovan (familiarly known as " Downy") 
Bulwrag. But Mr. Blackmore always tells a 
story genially, and the season has brought few 
as well worth attention as this. Kit is a prom- 
ising young market-gardener, and Kitty is the 
maiden whom he loves. Just at the proper 
time when Kit's love affairs are running a trifle 



too smoothly to promise much interest, Kitty 
is kidnapped by the ingenious Downy Bulwrag, 
and the story takes a new lease of life. When 
it has been expanded to a suitable length, she 
is restored to his arms, and all ends happily. 
The lore of the gardener forms a substantial 
element in the narrative, and who, if not Mr. 
Blackmore, should be capable of expounding 
it ? If we are to have no more "Lorna Doones" 
and ''Alice Lorraines," we should at least not 
be ungrateful for such gentler idyls as this. 

" Gobi or Shamo," further described upon 
the title-page as "A Story of Three Songs," 
is such a work of fiction as Mr. Rider Haggard 
and Mr. Andrew Lang might have written, had 
they chosen to collaborate in such a task. The 
story of the isolated Greek city, existing un- 
known all these years in the highlands of Cen- 
tral Asia, embodies just such an imaginative 
idea as that of " King Solomon's Mines," and 
a great deal of the incident and description is 
just what might have been expected of the ripe 
classical scholarship of the author of " Letters 
to Dead Authors." The gentleman who has 
successfully combined the diverse gifts of these 
two writers is Professor G. G. A. Murray, who 
occupies the chair of Greek in the University 
of Glasgow. The story which he has produced 
may be described as faulty in construction, but 
amazingly clever in detailed execution. We 
have not been able to discover what is meant 
by the mention of " three songs " in the title ; 
as for the '' Gobi or Shamo " part of it, that 
is cleared up by a quotation from Cornwell's 
" Geography " — " the great desert of Gobi or 
Shamo." The Greek city of which there is 
question in the work is represented as a relic 
of the invasion of the Greeks under Alexan- 
der the Great, and the story of its re-discovery 
by two or three modern Englishmen is one of 
the most fascinating narratives that recent fic- 
tion has provided. 

The literature of Spanish America, as Mr. 
Thomas A. Janvier points out in his brief but 
admirable introduction to Mr. Rollo Ogden's 
translation of "• Maria : A South American Ro- 
mance," is both rich and ancient. A cator 
logue raisonne of the books published in Mex- 
ico alone, and before the year 1600, includes 
one hundred and sixteen titles, and the literary 
production of Mexico and the other Spanish- 
American countries has certainly kept pace 
since then with that of the English-speaking 
half of the continent. Sefior Jorge Isaacs, the 
author of the story now translated, is a Colum- 
bian, and his fame among Spanish- Americans 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



15 



is probably as great as that of Mr. Howells 
among Americans who speak English ; so that 
the story was well worth translating, and Mr. 
Ogdeu appears to have done the work consci- 
entiously. As a story, it can make little appeal 
to our Anglo-Saxon and somewhat jaded appe- 
tites. It is suggestive of such French romantic 
idyls as ^-Atala " and " Paul et Virginie," and 
neither of these stories ever excited more than 
a languid literary interest in English readers. 
But it is pretty, pathetic, and graceful, and it 
gives a faithful picture of refined country life 
b a South American republic, so that it adds 
materially to our vital knowletlge of the world 
and its peoples. 

William Morton Payne. 



Briefs on Xkw Books. 



Pkofessor Francis A. Walker has twice recast 
his admirable text-book of political economy, pub- 
lished in 1883. In 1886 he reduced it to a *' Briefer 
Course," better adapted by its size to collegiate 
work. He now gives us his »* Elementary Course " 
(Holt), in something over three hundred pages, for 
high schools. The author says : ** It is no primer 
of political economy which is here ofPered, but a sub- 
stantial course of study in this vitally important 
subject." He might have added that it is no mere 
digest of the larger books, but a fresh presentation 
of the subject, and anyone who has had experience 
with the larger works will readily concede that this 
is the best. The whole subject is admirably handled. 
The separate applications of economic principles of 
the larger works have here been incoi*porated into 
the general treatment with good results. A trait 
that much commends Professor Walker as a thinker 
to thinking men is his fearlessness in modifying his 
opinions as he grows in knowledge, and he has not 
been afraid to confess to it so recently as the April 
issue of the *' Quarterly Journal of Economics." So, 
in the volume under consideration, there are modi- 
fications, both by addition aAl omission, which in 
our judgment improve its quality as an educational 
text-book. Of course. Professor Walker's large re- 
cognition of the entrepreneur is found here, as well 
as in his earlier works, and here also '" substitution 
of commodities " as affecting supply, and the failure 
of substitution as affecting labor supply, get due re- 
co^ition. The chapter on ** Protection and Free 
Trade " handles that living question carefully and 
without prejudice, although we think the writer is 
at his very best on that subject in the article on 
*• Protection and Protectionists " in the ** Quarterly 
Journal of Economics " for April, 1890, where the 
judicial attitude of mind is admirable. We do not 
intend to disparage the two earlier books when we 
say we believe this volume will become the college 
text-book, at least until the day when someone shall 



take Professor Folwell*s suggestion and begin the 
economic text>book with consumption, because '' the 
best place to begin anything is at the beginning, and 
it is a mere truism that the wants and desires of 
men are the spring and motive of industrial ac- 
tivity." 

Lafcadio Heakn is an alert and sympathetic 
observer, and possesses in a marked degree the fac- 
ulty of giving to his impressions their exact word 
values. To read his "Two Years in the French 
West Indies " (Harper) is to see the French West 
Indies pretty much as he himself saw them — 
through a pleasing, poetical, coideur-de^rose haze, yet 
truthfully enough as to general features. We in- 
cline to the belief tliat a visit to Martinique, for ex- 
ample, after reading Mr. Hearn*8 Martinique stud- 
ies, would be almost as disenchanting as a visit to 
Venice after contemplating Turner's glowing can- 
vases. Still, we freely forgive author and painter 
for gloiifying the truth ; and few of us would care 
to exchange Turner for Canaletto, or Mr. Hearn 
for a writer with a more statistical bent. The 
tropic luxuriance of the regions described by our 
author is happily reflected in his style, though at 
times his pen sheds colors and superlatives a thought 
too freely. There is a smack of the garish splen- 
dor of the pantomine in this, for instance : " High 
carmine cliffs and rocks outlying in a green sea, 
which lashes their bases with a foam of gold." But 
Mr. Hearn expresses himself, in general, in a very 
delightful way, and his style is not one to be adjusted 
to the Procrustean bed of strict academic propriety. 
The book abounds in charming bits of word-paint- 
ing and characterization ; and the whole is tinged 
with a sentiment and poetic charm that will appeal 
to lovers of good literature. The value of the work 
is enhanced by its profuse illustrations, which speak 
well for both artist and artisan. Some of the cuts 
are really admirable for precision of line and deli- 
cate gradation of tone. 



To THOSE impatiently waiting for Mr. Stanley*s 
book — now announced by the publishers as soon 
to appear, — Mr. Scott Keltic's " Story of Emin*s 
Rescue as told in Stanley's Letters" (Harper) is a 
welcome foretaste. These letters have been thus 
edited in response to a demand for a cheap publica- 
tion to satisfy the public craving for news about the 
land and the man now sharing the largest portion 
of the world's curiosity. Those who did not read 
these letters as they originally appeared in the daily 
papers will here meet afresh that tremendous rush 
of personal energy which always carries men off 
their feet when Stanley appears, and will also find 
much interesting addition to their previous informa- 
tion about the lake region of central Africa. A 
brief sketch of Emin. and of the events which led 
up to the rescue expedition, is prefixed to the letters. 
The unhappy controversy which has sprung up over 
the later conduct of £min is here foreshadowed, j 
although there is due recognition of the heroisna)Q[^ 



16 



THE DIAL 



[May, 



which can never be obscured by later errors of judg- 
ment growing out of a large heart and a noble de- 
votion to humanity. When the truth is all told, 
Emin Bey will be gratefuUy remembered by man- 
kind as one who, if perchance he shared some of 
the quixotic tendencies of his old captain, Gordon, 
has with it also that which will enroll both of these 
soldiers of fortune high among the benefactors of 
the race. The book would have gained by the in- 
clusion of Stanley's latest letters. 

Some two years ago, the octogenarian novelist 
and litterateur^ Mr. Thomas Adolphus Trollope, and 
the veteran academician, Mr. W. P. Frith, each 
published a volume of personal reminiscences. Both 
volumes were received with generous applause by 
the public, and in both cases there was a hearty call 
for more. Mr. Frith responded to this call, not 
long ago, with a second volume no less interesting 
than the first, and Mr. Trollope has now likewise 
responded with an equaUy charming sequel to his 
earlier volume. The second installment of '* What 
I Remember" (Harper) is mostly devoted to re- 
coUections of the past quarter of a century, although 
the writer does not hesitate to put in matters of 
earlier date when they occur to him. For the past 
twenty-five years he has lived almost continuously 
in Italy, for a while in the neighborhood of Flor- 
ence, and afterwards at Rome. He has been stead- 
ily occupied with literary work during this period, 
and has been thrown into contact with a gi-eat many 
charming people. The new volume, like the other, 
is a storehouse of anecdote and pleasantly-related 
incident, all genial in the highest degree. As a 
running commentary upon the great events of mod- 
ern Italian history, and as a picture of the refined 
society of the Italian capitals, the new volume is 
of the most interesting description. 



Dr. Richard Garxett certainly exhibited a 
self-confidence worthy of his subject in venturing to 
write a short " Life of John Milton " (London : 
Walter Scott) so soon after Mark Pattison's deeply- 
conceived and masterly book on the same subject. 
Yet the admirer of Pattison must admit that Dr. 
Garnett has justified himself. His book was worth 
writing, for it is worth reading. Less deeply medi- 
tated, less terse, less precise than its predecessor, 
the present volume is nevertheless an elegant bit of 
work. It contains a good deal of material not to 
be found in Pattison ; notably an excellent bibliog- 
raphy covering thirty-nine pages, and representing 
the cream of the Miltoniana in the British museum. 
Touching one mooted point. Dr. Garnett takes issue 
successfully with Pattison, who thinks it a i)itv that 
Milton should have given uj) *' to party what was 
meant for mankind." On tlie other hand, the pres- 
ent biographer shows, we think conclusivelvi that 
Milton would have been false, not only to his coun- 
try and to his God, but to himself, had he not em- 
barked ui)on that ** troubled sea of noises and hoarse 
disputes." Dr. Garnett contends, moreover, very 



convincingly, that the composition of the prose 
works was in several ways no bad course of training 
for the future author of " Paradise Lost." 

In reviewing Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole's *• Stoiy of 
Turkey," we criticized the book as failing to make 
anything more than a mere string of adventures of 
Turkish history. This writer has now found a more 
congenial field in his " Stoiy of the Barbary Cor- 
sairs" (Putnam), which is necessarily limited to a 
tale of adventure. In this restricted sphere, Mr. 
Lane-Poole has done admirably, and has produced 
the most entertaining volume of the ** Story of the 
Nations " series. There is a flavor of the sea about 
the narrative, and the style of the writer has in it 
the dash and verve of the rovers it represents. Old 
Barbarossa here lives again in all his large-minded 
rascality ; the Knights of St. John again win death- 
less laurels ; and the Mediterranean again whitens 
with innumerable sails, and glitters with the armor 
of contending heroes. The darker side, too, is here, 
and the terrible life of the galley-slave is pictured in 
a most valuable chapter. Proper credit is given to 
the United States for the initial step toward suppres- 
sing the mere handful of impudent pirates who for 
two centuries had bullied all Europe. In this por- 
tion, the writer has had the assistance of Lieutenant 
J. D. J. Kelley, of the United States navy. The 
last chapter, on the French acquisition of Algeria, 
is written with a somewhat too caustic pen, as the 
facts would speak for themselves, without added 
denunciation. 

Whatever may be Mr. A. P. Russell's other 
gifts, his latest work, '* In a Club Corner " (Hough- 
ton), shows that he has what Carlyle called " a 
genius for making excerpts." In this compact little 
volume of 328 pages, he gives us an agreeable mS- 
lange of wit, wisdom, humor, and anecdote, culled 
during a course of widely-extended and well-selected 
reading. For the convenience of the reader, he has 
arranged his material under general heads, with 
marginal summary ; and '* scrappiness " is avoided 
by stitching the whole together with a thread of 
personal comment and reflection. The selections 
are fresher than one usuaUy finds in such compilar 
tions, and the book, iftsides being very readable, 
will prove an excellent means of reference. Mr. 
Russell has seen fit to call his work a " monologue " 
— a term not very apposite where the author's role 
is chiefly that of raconteur. Be that as it may, " In 
a Club Corner " is a book to be grateful for under 
any title. Mr. Russell will be i)leasantly remem- 
bered as the author of " A Club of One," which was 
received with much favor three years ago ; and the 
present volume is marked by the variety of matter 
and general air of refinement that characterized its 
predecessor. 

Ax attractive volume entitled •* On the Wing 
through Europe" (Welch, Fracker & Co.) com- 
prises a series of newspaper letters written from 
abroad by Francis C. Sessions. Th^ present^edi- 

Digitized by VriOO^lC 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



17 



tion is the third, and the author, in his introduction, 
expresses his surprise that his hasty jottings shouUl 
have been so well received — and we are inclined 
to agree with him. Mr. Sessions^s tour did not take 
him off the beaten track, and what he saw in Lon- 
don, Paris, Rome, etc., is what no traveller with the 
usual complement of eyes could have helped seeing. 
His comments are, in general, as trite as his descrip- 
tions. One scarcely needs, for instance, to be told 
of Westminster Abbey, ** Here indeed one may spend 
a day with gi*eat interest "; or of the Coliseum that, 
'' Here thousands of the earlier Christians suffered 
martyrdom by being thrown into the arena, to be 
torn and devoured by wild beasts." Mr. Sessions's 
style, however, is not without originality. He tells 
us that ''• Scarcely a foot of Italian soil is other than 
a pilgrimage," and that he and his friends enjoyed 
the sea breeze in Venice '* with a zeal unequalled 
since we left home." The illustrations in the book 
are well chosen and well executed. 

The volume entitled '* Stories of New France " 
(Lothrop), by Agnes M. Machar and Thomas G. 
Marquis, will be of interest to Americans chiefly 
because it presents in liistorical form what is already 
familiar in prose and poetical romance. The " Sto- 
ries " begin with a chapter on " How New France 
was Found," and close with the " Great Siege of 
Quebec," thus covering a period from the earliest 
knowledge of America to the day when Montcalm 
and Wolfe, in 1759, met on the plains of Abraham. 
The hero of a Canadian ITiermopylae, Daulac, has 
already been introduced to us by Mrs. Catherwood 
in her '' Romance of Dollard," and the same author's 
*• Story of Tonty," tells also the story of Robert de 
La Salle. Eveiy school girl will feel an impulse to 
read the story of the Acadian exiles, in order to find 
out more, if possible, about " Evangeline," and thus 
the best purposes of the book will be sei*ved by lead- 
ing the reader one step nearer to the great store- 
house of Canadian history, Francis Parkinan. The 
authors should consider their work not in vain if it 
contributes a little toward this end. 

UxDER the titles, ** Helps for Daily Living " and 
" The Signs of the Times," two volumes have been 
recently published by George H. Ellis, containing 
twenty-two sermons by the Rev. Minot J. Savage, 
the well-known Unitarian divine ; and we take 
pleasure in saying that these sermons are well worth 
putting in type. A degree of appositeness is given 
to the contents of each book by selecting for it dis- 
courses of the same general trend as to subject mat- 
ter and intent. The first named contains much 
strong sense and straight thinking on practical sub- 
jects, and will be well received irrespective of the 
reader's particular "doxy." In '*The Signs of the 
Times." however, Mr. Savage gets upon debatable 
ground, and treats such subjects as ** Break-up of 
the Old Orthodoxy," ** IngersoUisni," etc., with a 
frankness that will, we are afraid, displea»*e many 
readers. 



Books of the Moxth. 



[The following list includes all books received by The Dial 
during the month qf April, 1890.] 



ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY. 

History of Art in Sardinia, Jndea, Syria, and Asia Minor. 
From the French of Georges Perrot ana Charles Chipiez. 
Translated and £dited by I. Gonino. With 41G Engrav- 
ings and 8 Steel and (^olored Plates. 2 vols. 4to. A. C. 
Armstrong & Son. $14.50. 

The Problem of the Northmen. A I^etter to Judge Dalv, 
President of the American Geogranhical Society. Bv 
£l)en Norton Horsford. Second Edition. Illustrated. 
4to, pp. 2.H. Paper. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.00. 

HISTORY. 

Hiatory of the United States of America, under the Con- 
stitution. By James Shouler. In 4 vols. 8vo. Dodd, 
Mead & Co. $9.00. 

A Short History of Mexico. By Arthur Howard Noll. 
16mo, pp. 294. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.00. 

Bncrlish Lemds, Letters, and Kingrs. Part II., from Eliza- 
beth to Anne. By Donald G. Mitchell. 12mo, pp. 347. 
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1 .oO. 

Palestine. By Major C. R. Conder, D.C.L., R.E. lUus- 
trated. Kimo, pp. 207. Dodd, Mead <& Co. $1.25. 

A Short History of the Roman People. By William F. 
Allen. IGmo, pp. ;<70. Ginn & Co. $1.10. 

BIOGRAPHY. 

Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Leslie 
Stephen and Sidney Lee. In about 50 vols. Vol. XXII., 
Glover-Gravet. Lai^e 8vo, pp. 449. Gilt top. Uncut. 
Macmillan & Co. $3.75. 

History of the Gix*tys. Being a Concise Account of the 
Girty Brothers, and of the Part Taken by Them in Loi-d 
Dunmore's War, et4". By Consul Willshire Butterfield, 
author of *'The Expedition Against Sandusky under 
Col. William Crawfom.*' Large 8vo, pp. 42«). Robert 
Clarke & Co. $3.50. 

Asa Turner and His Times. By George F. Magoun, D.D. 
Witli an Introduction by A. H. Clapp, D.D. Illustrated. 
12mo, pp. •i45. Congregational and S. S. Publishing 
Society. $1.50. 

The Wife of the First OodsuI. By Imbert de Saint- Amand . 
Translated by Thomas Sergeant Perry. With Portrait. 
12mo, pp. 357. Chas. Scribner^s Sons. $1.25. 

Memorial to Robert Browniner. Under the Auspices of 
the Browning Society of Boston, King's Chapel, Tues- 
day, January 28. 1S90. 8vo, pp. (>4. Paper. Tied. 
Printed for the Society. $ 1 .00. 

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE. 

Journal Oi Researches into the Natural History and Greol- 
ogy of the Countries Visited during the Voyage around 
the World of H. M. S. *' Beagle." By Charles Darwin, 
M.A., F.K.S. New Edition. Illustnited. 8vo, pp. 551. 
Uncut. D. Appleton & Co. .•;?5.(M). 

Characteristics of Volcanoes. With contributions of Facts 
and Principles from the Hawaiian Islands. By Jaines I). 
Dana. Profusely Illustrated with Maps and Views. 
Large Svo, pp. 3i)9. Gilt top. Uncut. Dodd, Mead & 
Co. $5.()0. 

Ck>rals and Coral Islands. By James D. Dana, LL.D. 
Third Edition, with Various Emendations, large Addi- 
tions, etc. Illustrated. Large 8vo, pp. 440. Uncut. 
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Sold by A. C. McClurg ^ Co,, Chicago. 



NOW READY. 

SISTER SAINT SULP/CE. 

From the Spanish of Don Armando Pallacio Y aldes. 

Authorized translation by Nathan Haskell Dole. 

With Portrait. 12mo, cloth, 81.50. 

In this piquant and oharming story the versatile author of 
^^ The Marquis of PefLalta *' and ^' MaTimina *' has combined 
and contrasted the widely differing characters of Northern 
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la a natiye of Gallicia, and though he is a Isrric poet, has all 
the obstinacy, determination, frankness, and thrift of that 
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is quite unsuited to the religious vocation ; is quick-witted, 
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Moreover, she is the possessor of a fortune, as well as of a 
pair of wonderful Moorish eyes. Hero and heroine meet at 
a watering-place on the Guadalquivir. The love-making, 
auspiciously begun, is interrupted by the appearance of a 
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take part with the connivance of the weak and easy-going 
Mother Superior. The scene is then transferred to Seville, 
life in which beautiful city is charmingly portrayed. Recep- 
tions, excursions down the Guadalquivir, and various enter- 
taining episodes, give the author abundant chance for the 
humor and pathos of which he is a master. 

The author's masterly Prologue, in which he so eloquently 
discourses on the art of novel-writing, is included in the vol- 
ume, which is adorned with a fine portrait of Se&or Vald^. 



WILL BE READY MAY 10. 
THE 

Salt [Master of Luneburg. 

From the German of Julius Wolff. By W. Henry 
and Elizabeth R. Winslow. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. 

In these days, so rife with labor troubles and the strained 
relations of employer and employed, it is interesting to go 
back to the time when there was a complete and complicated 
system of guilds, embracing nearly all trades, and carrying 
with it the hierarchy of masters and apprentices. To such a 
period are we transported by Julius WolfF^s great novel, ^''Der 
SiHfmeister,^^ or, *^ The Salt Master of Luneburg. ** Since the 
death of Viktor von Schoffel, Wolff is the most popular of 
German poets, and this historical novel of his he has invested 
with all the charm of his fine fancy. 

The scene is laid in the famous city of Liineburg about the 
middle of the fifteenth century, during the reign of Frederick 
III., and the story of the great struggle between the wealthy 
burghers and the grasping Lord of the Land is most graph- 
ically related. The book overfiows with quaint and fascinat- 
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city of the Coopers' and Vintners' and Furriers' and Shoe- 
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golden threads of a double romance. There are many delight- 
fully humorous incidents, and here and there occur the IjTic 
gems for which the author is noted. 



Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 

No. 46 E. Fourteenth St., New York. 

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24 



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[May, 1890. 



J. B. LippiNcoTT Company 

HAVE JUST PUBLISHED: 

%ECOLLECTIONS. 

By George W. Childs. Containing reminiscences of noted persons with whom Mr. Childs has been intimately 
acquainted, together with interesting incidents in his own life. With Portrait of author. 12ino, cloth, g^lt 
top, $1.00. 

*' A chatty unpretending record of the rise of worth, industry, and good sense, to fortune. Its sketches of people whom 
he has known embrace a targe number of the most desirable acquaintances, such as Inring, Halleck, Longfellow, Motley, 
Bryant, Presoott, Hawthorne, and others.'' — New York Christian Intelligencer. 

*' The man himself, crowned by a brilliantly successful life, is a subject of interest to every American. His personal rem- 
iniscences of ^vea.t men who had enjoyed his hospitality, and with whom he was intimate, makes these pages of ' RecoUeo- 
tions' full of mterest." — Wilmington (Del.) Ensign. 

'^ The finer tender side of General Grant's character becomes more evident as we read the recollections of Mr. Childs and 
others who knew him intimately. It explains the personal affection towards him of such natures as Conkling, Logan, and 
others, whose friendship was more than the loyalty of political partisans." — Boston Pilot. 



^S YOU LIKE IT. 

Volume VIII. of the Variorum Edition of Shakespeare. 
Edited by Horace Howard Furness, Ph.D., LL.D., 
L.H.D. Royal 8vo, extra cloth, gilt top, 84.00. 
Each volume is a Shakespearean library in itself, and 
contains the best criticisms that have ever been written. 
Those already issued are " Romeo and Juliet," " Ham- 
let " (two vols.), " Macbeth," " King I^ear," " Othello," 
and " The Merchant of Venice." 

'* Of all the editions of Shakespeare, there is none more 
scholarly, more exhaustive, or in every way more satisfactory 
than the Variorum Edition edited by Horace Howard Fur- 
ness." — Boston Courier, 

" To enjoy Shakespeare thoroughly, there is but one edition 
that will sumce, and that is Dr. Fumess's own. It is the re- 
sult of a lifetime of study bv the most eminent Shakespea 
scholar in America." — Philadelphia Public Ledger. 



WORKS OF 

IVILLIAM H. TRESCOTT. 

New Library Edition. Edited by J. Foster Kirk. 

Illustrated with Portraits and Maps. Complete in 

12 volumes. Octavo, neatly bound in cloth, gilt top. 

$2.50 per volume. 

" Conquest of Mexico," two vohmies. " Conquest of 
Peru," two volumes. " Ferdinand and Isabella," two 
volumes. " The Reig^ of Charles V.," two volumes. 
Now ready. 

"It would be difficult to point out among any works of liv- 

S^ historians the eanal of those which have proceeded from 
r. Prescott's pen.'' — Harper"* s Magazine. 
" Mr. Prescott has long been honorably known as the author 
of the most valuable historical works produced in the present 
age."— TAc Edinburgh Review. 



STANLEY'S EMIN TASHA EXPEDITION. 



With Maps, thirty-three Por- 



By A. J. Wauters, Chief Editor of the Mouvement Greographique, Brussells. 
traits, and Illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $2.00. 

*^The stor^ is told in a clear concise manner that challenges interest. Those who desire to understand what Stanley 
really accomplished, and the perils that he encountered, will do well to read this work." — Toledo Blade. 

'* The author of the present volume has studied the facts in all available sources, and has thrown light on the immediate 
expedition itself by going back and tracing in outline the attempt of Egypt to secure mid- African empire, with all the events 
incident, including General Gordon's governorship, and his subsequent attempt to bring off what was left of the Egyptian 
effort, ending in the tragedy at Khartoum. Cleanv to know what this last expedition of Stanley was for, it is necessary to 
understand what went l^fore. The expedition itself is followed in as much detail as is possible from information received 
from many sources. The author has made an exceedinglv interesting book, from which the reader may gather an outline of 
the most strikingly dramatic exploit of recent years." — Chicago Times. 



Two NEW WORKS OF FICTION. 



LOVE IN THE TROPICS. 

A Romance of the South Seas. By Caroline Earle 
White, l^mo, cloth, 81.00. 

This story will doubtless be a welcome surprise to the 
many friends of the author, who is so widely known through 
her activity in charitable and humanitarian effoi'ts. Mrs. 
White is gifted with fine imaginative powers, and possesses 
literary taste and ability of a superior order, as is abundantly 
shown by this life-like romance of the South Seas. 



SYRLIN. 

By " Ouida," author of " Guilderoy," " Chandos," « In 
Maremma," " Moths," etc. A 12mo volume of 400 
pages. Paper, 50 cents; cloth, 81.00. 

'* Ouida's stories are abundant in world-knowledge and 
world-wisdom, strong and interesting in plot. Her characters 
are conceived and elaborated with a skill little short of mas- 
terly, and the reflective portions of her stories are marked by 
fine thought and a deep insight into the workings of human 
nature." — Boston Gazette. 



If not obtainable at pour Bookseller'' s^ send direct to the Publishers^ who will forward the books^ free of postage^ 

promptly upon receipt of the price. 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, Publisuebs, 715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia. 

THS DIAIi PRB86, CHICAGO. j^^*^ | 

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THE INCOMPARABLE 

TARTARIN OF Tarascon. 

HARPER'S MAGAZINE presents, in the June 
Number, the first installment of an entirely new and 
supremely droll serial story, 

TORT TARASCON; 

The Last Adventures of the Illustrious Tartarin. 

Written hy ALPHONSE DAUDET, traiuilated by 
HENRY JAMES. 

Tkt leading Illustrators qf France— Rossis Myrbach^ and 
othert-^U lend the charm of their art to " Port Tarascon.^* 
Tke Jirtt installment contains 24 Illustrations, A novel hy 
Daudei has never h^ore been first published outside of France. 



Other Attractive Contents of same Number. 

THROUGH THE CAUCASUS. By Vicomte Euoenk 
Mrlchoib de "Vooub. Eleyen illustrations by T. dr 
Thuutrup and H. D. Nichols. 

THE ENEMY'S DISTANCE : Range-finding at Sea by Elec- 
tricity. BypARKBsMJAMiK^Ph.D. With three diagrams. 

THE AMERICAN BURLESQUE. By Laurence Hut- 
ton. Nineteen illnstrations. 

THREE BRILUANT SHORT STORIES: "Would Dick 

Do That ? '' by Geo. A. Hibbabd ; illustrated by Alice 
. Barber. " Two Points of View," by Matt Crim . ** Six 

Hoon in Squantioo,'* by F. Hopkimson Smith ; illustrated 

brA. B.Frost. 
fOrsT BISMARCK. By George Morttz Wahl. PUte 

Portrait after Franz y. Leitbach. 

THE BEST-GOVERNED CITY IN THE WORLD. By 
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THE YOUNG WHIST-PLAYER'S NOVITIATE: Some 
Praetice Hands for Beginners. By Professor F. B. Good- 
rich. Diagrams. 

CHAPBOOK HEROES. By Howard Ptle. Four illna- 
tnlions by the author. 

FOUR POEMS. By Zoe Dana Underhill, William S. 
Walsh, Anoib W. Wray, and C. H. Crandall. 

THIXaS ONE COULD HAVE WISHED TO HAVE EX- 
PRESSED OTHERWISE ! FuU-page drawing by Geo. 
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Editorial T>epartments. 

The "Easy Chair," by George Willlam Curtis. The 
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BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING. 



THE CAPTAIN OF THE JANIZARIES. A Tale 
of the Time of Scanderbeg and the Fall of Constantinople. 
By James M. Ludlow. New Edition. 16nio, cloth, $1 .rjO. 

YOUMA. The Story of a West-Indian Slave. By 
Laptadio Hearn, author of " Chita," etc. Frontispiece 
by Howard Pyle. Post 8vo, cloth, Ornamental, $1.00. 

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THE ODD NUMBER : Thirteen Tales by Guy de 
Maupassant. Translated by Jonathan Sturgbs. Intro- 
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MARIA.: A South American Romance. By Jorge 
Isaacs. Translated by Rollo Oodbn. An Introduction 
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PASTELS IN PROSE. (From the French.) Trans- 
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20 THE DIAL [June, 



WEBSTER'S DICTIONARY. 

"BOTH ^NCIENl AND [MODERN. 



DO NOT BE DUPED. 

A 80-€allecl " Webster's Unabridged Dictionary " is being offered to the public at a very low price. 
The body of the book, from A to Z, is a cheap reprint, page for page, of the edition of 1847, which was 
in its day a valuable book, but in the progress of language for over FORTY YEARS has been com- 
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printed on cheap paper, and flimsily bound. It is advertised to be the substantial equivalent of '' an 
eight to twelve dollar book," while in fact it is a literal copy of a book which in its day was retailed for 
about five dollars, and that book was much superior, in paper, print, and binding, to this imitation, and 
was then the best Dictionary of the time instead of an antiquated one. A brief comparison, page by 
page, between the reprint and the latest and enlarged edition will show the great superiority of the latter. 
No honorable dealer will allow the buyer of such to suppose he is getting tlie Webster which to-day is 
recognized as the Standard and THE BEST. 

There are several of these reprints, differing in minor particulars; but don*t be duped. The 
body of each is a literal copy of the 1847 edition. 



WHAT THE PAPERS SAY. 



The V^EIV YORK TIMES says: 

« Ouly those who are ignorant of the great advances that have been made in dictionaries are likely to buy 
this reprint at any price." 

The AMERICAN "BOOKSELLER, of U^ew York, says : 

"The etymologies are utterly misleading, and naturally so; for when the Webster of 1847 was issued Coiii- 
pamtive Pliilology was in its cradle. The definitions are imperfect, requiring condensation, re-arrangement, and 
a(hlitions. Tlie vocabulary is defective, some of the commonest words of to-day, especially scientific terms, for 
which a dictionary is most often consulted, being entirely absent. In not one of these three prime requisites of a 
dictionary is the Webster reprint a trustworthy guide, or, rather, it is a misleading one. . . . This * reprint ' 
is not intended for intelligent men. It is made expressly to be foisted, by all the arts of the book canvasser, on 
those who have been precluded from a knowledge of what developments lexicog^phy has undergone during the 
last forty-two years. This is the cruelest feature of this money-making enterprise." 

The "BUFFALO CHRISTIAN ^DWOCATE says: 

" Don't be Duped f Thousands are, or are likely to be, by the flashy fraudulent advertisements of « The 
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readers wish ta invest in a pui*chase which they will be likely afterward to regret, they will do so after being 
duly notified." 

The JOURNAL OF EDUCATION. Boston, says: 

" Teachers can not be too careful not to be imposed on, since the very things which make a dictionary" valu- 
able in school are wanting in this old-time reprint. Any high-school dictionary which can be purchased for a dollar 
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Many other jirominent journals speak in similar terms, and legitimate publishers write us in strong 
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The LATK.ST and the Best, which bears our imprint on the title-page, has Over 2,000 Pages, with 
iUusti*ations on almost every page. 

G. & C. MERRIAM & CO., SPRINGFIELD. Mass. 

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1890.] 



THE DIAL 



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Macmillan and Co.'s New Books. 

THE ADVENTURE SERIES. Large 12mo, cloth. Price, #1.60 each. 

The First Volume Now Ready. 

<,/myENTURES OF A YOUNGER SON. 

By John £i>\vabd Trelawsey. With Introduction by Edward Garnett. Illustrated. Large 12mo, ^1.50. 

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" Trelawney's work is emphatically good literature. ... It is admirable, full of vigor and variety, spirit and etUrain, 
graphic and picturesque from first to last."— G/o6c. 

*'* The book is one of the most fascinating of its kind in the language." — Echo, 



S, Dana Harton*s Neto Book on the Silver Question. 

SILVER IN EUROPE. 

By S. Dah A HoKTON, author of " The Silver Pound," etc. 



12mo, 300 pages, cloth, $1.!K). 

'* Silver in Europe " is a series of essays dealing with vari- 
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Now Ready, 

THE STATESMAN'S YEAR 'BOOK, i8go. 

Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the Civilized 
World for the Year 1890. Edited by J. Scott Keltie, 
Librarian to the Royal Gksographical Society. Twenty- 
Seventh Annual Publication. Revised after official re- 
turns. 12mo, doth, 83.00. 



A New Book by Sir Charles W, Dilke, uniform with James Bryce's "American Commonwealth.** 

TROBLEMS OF GREATER BRITAIN. 

By the Right Hon. Sir Charles W. Dilke, Bart. With Maps. Large 12ino. J&4.00. 
** (Hie of the most important and interesting studies of the time." — New York Tribune. 

*' The most important contribution ever made to the materials for the study of constitutional and political institutions.' 
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THE CIVILIZATION of the RENAISSANCE 

IN ITALY. By Jacob BuRCKHABDT. Authorized trans- 
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Now Ready. Vol. 11. of the New Edition of 

^ hand-book of descriptive and 

PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY. By G. F. Chambers, 
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Vol. II. INSTRUMENTS AND PRACTICAL AS- 
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AMONG THE SELKIRK GLACIERS. 

Being the account of a Rough Survey in the Rocky Mountaiiui 
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INTERNATIONAL LAIV. 

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AN OUTLINE of the LAW OF PROPERTY. 

By Thomas Raleigh, M.A., Fellow of All Souls' College. 
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'DEVELOPMENT and CHARACTER of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. 

By Charles Herbert Moore. With 200 illustrations. Svo, $4.50, net. 

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Gothic Architecture, but to become a text-book for special students, and we are glad to Know that it has already been adopted 
as such in one of Mr. Norton's courses at Cambridge." — American Architect. 

ENGLISH MEN OF ACTION SERIES. New Volume. 12mo, cloth, limp, 60 cts.; edges uncut, 75 cts. 

HAVELOCK. By Archibald Forbes. 

ALREADY PUBLISHED: 



DAVID LIVINGSTONE. By Thomas Hughes. 
HENRY THE FIFTH. By Rev. A. J. Chuich. 
GENERAL GORDON. By Col. Sir W. BuUer. 
LORD LAWRENCE. By Sir Richard Temple. 
WELLINGTON. By George Hooper. 

CAPTAIN COOK. 



DAMPIER. By W. CUrk Russell. 
MONK. By Julian Corbett. 
STRAFFORD. ByH. D.TraUl. 
WARREN HASTINGS. By Su- Alfred LyaU. 
PETERBOROUGH. By William Stebbing. 
By Walter Besant. 



' An admirable set of brief biographies. 



The volumes are small, attractive, and inexpensive." — TAi; Dial. 



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[June, 



Houghton, Mifflin & Co;s 

The Master of the Magicians. 

A Novel. Collaborated by Elizabeth Stuart 
Phelps and Herbert D. Ward. 16mo, price 
$1.25. 
" The Master of the Magicians " is a novel dealing 

with court life in Babylon six hundred years before 

Christ. 

THIRD EDITION. 

" There can he little question that the extraordinary 
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of the Magicians,^ " — Boston Traveller. 

Toems. 

By John Hay. 16mo, gilt top, $1.25. 

Colonel Hay has included in this volume the poems 
published nearly twenty years ago under the title of 
<*Pike County Ballads/' which have had a quite re- 
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since that date. 

Castilian Days. 

By John Hay. New Edition, uniform with Hay's 
Poems. 16mo, $1.25. 

John Jay. 

Vol. 23 of " American Statesmen." By George 
Pellew. 16mo, $1.26. 

Harvard Graduates whom I have Known 

By A. p. Peadody, D.D., LL.D. 12mo, $1.25. 

Tales of U^ew England. 

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Eight of Miss Jewett's most delightful stories, form- 
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The American Horsewoman.- 

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16mo, price reduced to $1.25. 
An admirable book for ladies learning to ride. 

Sweetsefs Guide-Books. 

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NEW ENGLAND. 

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MESSRS. ROBERT BONNER'S SONS 

Announce for publvcaiwn June i, 1890^ 

THE FOLLOWING : 

AFRICA RE-DISCOVERED.— Herbert Ward's 
Great Book. 

Froe Years with the Congo Cannibals. 

By Herbert Ward. Magnificently illustrated with 
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NEW PUBLICATIONS. 
Henry OA. Stanley. 

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The Lost Lady of Lone. 

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lone: A Broken Love Dream. 

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SOCIAL yiOLATIONS MAY BE AVOIDED 

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_'igitized by VjOOQ IC 



,/.5 L' 




Vol. XI. 



JUNE, 1890. 



No. 122. 



CONTEXTS. 

WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT. Oliver F. Emerson 31 

THE STATESMANSHIP OF THOMAS JEFFER- 
SON. IL W. Thurston 33 

MASSON'S EDITION OF DE QUINCEY. Melville 

B. Anderson 35 

THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE FUTURE. Anna B. 

McMahan 36 

PATER'S " APPRECIATIONS." C. A, L. Richards 37 

"OLD COLTTTRY LIFE." Genevieve Grant ... 38 

BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 40 

Brinton's EtsayB of an Americanist. — Mrs. Kendall's 
Dramatic Opinions. — Browning Memorial. — Gosse's 
Browning: Personalia. — Mrs. Hill's Leger's A History 
of Austro-Hungary. — Stebbing's Peterborough. — Be- 
sant's Captain Cook.— Owen's Notes to Modem French 
fiction. — Cnrtin's Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland. — 
Perry's SaintrAmand's The Wife of the First Consul. 
—Ball's Stai^Land. 

LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS 43 

TOPICS IN JUNE PERIODICALS 44 

BOOKS OF THE MONTH 44 



William Cullex Bryaxt.* 

The new " Life of Bryant " in the handy 
"American Men of Letters " series is welcome 
as an important addition to our literary biog- 
raphy. The Life by Parke Godwin must al- 
ways be the great storehouse of facts for those 
to whom every item of information about the 
great poet is gladly received. But Godwin's 
work is too bulky for ordinary use, and too 
expensive for the popular purse. The present 
volume, therefore, having the advantage of fol- 
lowing the larger work, together with the in- 
spiration of pei-sonal relations of its author 
with the poet, will surely find a wider circle of 
readers, and increase the influence of a life 
noble enough to make it memorable apart from 
the blossom and fruit of its song. 

The life of Bryant has a two-fold character. 
He was a great poet, and has produced some 
of the finest poems of our literature. But he 
was a public man as well, no insignificant fac- 
tor, during his long connection with the New 
York " Evening Post," in moulding public 

• William Cullbn Bryant. By John Bigelow. "Amer- 
ican Men of Letters" Series. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin 
A Co. 



opinion and directing the counsels of his coun- 
try. He possessed rai*e judgment in practical 
affairs, no less than rare taste and power in 
verse. The strength of his individuality was 
far-reaching, during the fifty years that his 
striking face and figure were well-known in 
New York City. In Bryant's case, the direc- 
tion of Othello, "nothing extenuate, nor set 
down aught in malice," is inapplicable, because 
the first is unnecessary, the last is impossible. 
Born of Puritan New England parents, he 
early learned to esteem that spotlessness of 
character which became his own, to imbue his 
life with that moral beauty so characteristic of 
his poetry, and to set before himself that stand- 
ard of virtue which made him revered in pub- 
lic as in private life. 

Bryant the poet early showed his power. 
The record of his precocity is as marvellous 
as that of any other genius. Before he was a 
year and a half old he knew his letters. At 
five, he recited with pleasure many of Watts's 
hymns. At eight, he wrote verses. When 
scarcely ten, he made a verse paraphrase of 
the first chapter of Job, and in the same year 
declaimed a rhymed description of the school 
he attended, — verses afterwards published in 
the county paper. At this time he wrote a sat- 
ire on the " Embargo " of Jefferson, which his 
father, an ardent Federalist, published in Bos- 
ton. These five hundred lines contained a 
scathing rebuke to Jefferson, often quoted with 
great merriment when Bryant afterwards be- 
came a Jeffersonian Democrat. The early 
verse, however, shows little but excessive in- 
fluence of Pope, both in correctness of measure 
and in couplet structure. Not till later was 
the reactionary poetry of Cowper and Words- 
worth read with delight, giving the impulse to 
his later poetic form. One other incident, the 
story of '^ Thanatopsis," is known to all : how 
it was written by the boy of eighteen, and re- 
mained six years unheard of ; how it was first 
brought to notice by the father and even as- 
cribed to him, and how its publication in the 
" North American Review " discovered a new 
genius in the young barrister of the Berkshire 
hiUs. 

When " Thanatopsis" was published Bryant 
was twenty-three years old. He had given up 
his college course at eighteen, after the sopho- 
more year at Williams, because his f ath^ could * 

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32 



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[June, 



not afford the expense. He began almost im- 
mediately the study of law, not daring to trust 
himaplf to his favorite literature, but still writ- 
ing poetry, and receiving one rebuke at least 
for preferring Wordsworth to Blackstone. At 
twenty-one he was admitted to the bar, and the 
following year he began successful practice at 
Grreat Barrington, Massachusetts. The publi- 
cation of '* Thanatopsis " brought him invita- 
tions to write both poetry and prose, and in 
these years he did some of his best work. In 
1822, he published a booklet containing eight 
of his best poems, among them " To a Water- 
Fowl," *- Green River,"* and -* The Ages," the 
latter a Phi Beta Kappa poem delivered at 
Harvard. During this time, however, Bryant 
was not in great sympathy with the law. His 
literary successes did not tend to increase his 
love for the profession, and, although he re- 
mained a barrister ten years, he was at last to 
break the bond and devote himself to litera- 
ture. In 1825, after several visits of explora- 
tion, he settled in New York, a literary adven- 
turer. He had first thought of going to Boston, 
but the Sedgwicks, brothers of Miss Sedgwick 
the story-writer, persuaded him to try New 
York. Here he wrote poetry, edited several 
unsuccessful magazines, and finally, after two 
years of adventurer's life, became editor of the 
" Evening Post." 

With this journalistic enterprise, we leave 
for a time the poet Bryant. He continued to 
write, but not frequently or much. But he 
was doing a great work in quieter ways, when 
honest, nianly, dignified prose was more neces- 
sary than verse. The " Post " began its life 
in the first year of the century. More signifi- 
cant, its existence antedated the popular news- 
sheet, with the catering to public fancy and 
mediocre taste, and under Bryant's guidance 
it continued the best representative of inde- 
pendent but conservative criticism of public 
men and national affairs. Bryant was nev^r 
a party man or a party editor. He was never 
subservient to party counsels, and never hesi- 
tated to oppose party managers when he could 
not sympathize with their views. On this ac- 
count the *' Post " passed through more than 
one crisis, at one time being threatened with 
destruction by the mob, at another suffering ex- 
treme financial straits, so that Bryant thought 
seriously of going west to begin anew. But 
neither financial embarrassment nor denuncia- 
tion by party press changed his attitude for a 
moment. There was no letting down the high 
standard Bryant had set for himseK, and by 



which he persisted in judging others. Nor 
was his paper without success in the best sense. 
Possessed of unerring judgment, of almost pro- 
phetic insight, Bryant's editorial utterances 
were found to be a safe sailing-chart, and his 
advocacy of measures was justified by the re- 
sult. Few, if any, crises in local or national 
affairs could be cited in which the " Post " was 
not the champion of justice and high morals. 
It stood with Jackson against nullification, 
when his worst enemies were of his own party. 
It opposed the annexation of Texas to mcrease 
the slave power. It withstood the extension of 
slavery, when Northern Democrats were trim- 
ming to Southern wishes. It upheld freedom 
of speech, when the anti-slavery presses of the 
boi-der were destroyed and their owners threat- 
ened with death. It became the supporter of 
the war on slavery, of Emancipation when the 
nation's leaders were halting at such a step. 

Bryant's editorial career cannot be sepa- 
rated from his life as a poet. They are parts 
of one whole, necessary to a proper estimate of 
the man. Still, his editiorial duties undoubt- 
edly interfered with his poetry. Before he 
began his duties on the '* Post " he had writ- 
ten one-third of all his lines. The fifty years 
that followed were comparatively unproductive. 
Some years he wrote none at all, while in the 
decade after he was thirty-five he averaged only 
about one hundred lines a year. He is thus to 
be judged rather from the character than the 
abundance of his poetry. It was a natural but 
not a necessary language with him. He has 
written some poems that rank with anything 
in the language. There are many others cor- 
rect in form, beautiful in sentiment, pleasantly 
expressed, but missing the depth or the fulness 
of the best English verse. Moreover, the ideal 
of his verse was circumscribed. His poetry is 
preeminently ethical, and while good ethics 
does not mar good poetry, except when too fre- 
quently expressed, it is not an essential feature. 
He is characterized, preeminently among Amer- 
ican poets, by a sympathetic observation of Na- 
ture, and by correct and dignified expression. 
In the first, he shows most the influence of 
Wordsworth. There was a natural kinship in 
their love of Nature, and in its spiritual appeal 
to them. But Bryant gave that spiritual ap- 
peal an ethical expression, while in the best of 
Wordsworth the ethical element is left to in- 
ference. In the technique of verse, Bryant was 
also a master. Moreover, he added dignity to 
harmony, so that his blank verse often equsdled 
the lofty melody of Milton. It is not neces- 



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1890.] 



THE DIAL 



88 



sary to attempt ranking Bryant in our litera- 
ture. He has no doubt sometimes been placed 
too high, often too low, in the roll of honored 
ones. But his place is secure in the first rank 
of that coterie of poets who have made our lit- 
erature honored outside their own country. 

The volume before us is not a strong one in 
its make-up, not the equal of others of the same 
series, perhaps. The praise is sometimes ful- 
some, and sometimes too meagre. There has 
been wasted, also, some effort on details that 
might better have been spent on more import- 
ant facts. The chapter on Bryant the Tourist 
is an example, as well as the pages devoted to 
Bryant's vote in the Presidential contest of 
1876. But the book is written with care, by 
a sincere admirer, and gives in compact form 
the principal points in a notable life, so that it 
will be gladly read by those who have learned 
to revere Bryant the poet, the editor, and the 

™^- Oliver Farrar Emerson. 



The Statesmanship of Thomas 
Jeeferson.* 



Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated Presi- 
dent of the United States March 4, 1801, only 
twelve years after the adoption of the Consti- 
tution ; and it is hard for men of to-day to get 
clear and lasting conceptions of the condition 
of the country and people at that period. No 
railroads, no steamboats, no telegraph. New 
England was separated from Pennsylvania and 
Virginia by weary days of time and antago- 
nisms of political and economic interest, while 
the whole Atlantic coast was shut off from the 
half-million settlers in the Ohio and Missis- 
sippi valleys by the huge uncompromising bar- 
rier of the Allegheny mountains. The com- 
mercial and physical isolation of New England 
constantly invited intrigues and conspiracies 
for disunion, like that of Timothy Pickering 
and Roger Griswold ; while dreams of a west- 
ern empire, with an outlet through the Missis- 
sippi river, were but the product of existing 
physical and political conditions, and promised 
good fuel for the fire of treasonable ambition 
that smouldered in the breast of Aaron Burr. 
Thus, in spite of the constitution that was to 
form " a more perfect union," it was hardly 
more than a confederacy of states over which 

♦History of the Unitbd Statbs of America, during 
the Administratioiis of Thomas JefFeraon . By Henry Adams. 
In fonr volumes. Vols. I. and II., The First Administration ; 
Vols. III. and IV., The Second Administration. New York : 
Charles Scribner's Sons. 



Jefferson was called to preside ; and in spite 
of his efforts to unite them, it was still but a 
confederacy of states and interests which, after 
eight years, he left face to face with the alter- 
native of slavish submission to France and 
England or of going to war against them. 

But however weak and disunited his own 
country might be, Jefferson had strong coun- 
tries and strong men to cope with abroad. Pitt 
and Canning in England, Godoy " The Prince 
of Peace" in Spain, and Talleyrand and Napo- 
leon in France, were no mean opponents. When 
one considers the odds against him, it may seem 
remarkable that Jefferson won so often as he 
did ; but when his movements are all fully ex- 
plained, it seems the more remarkable that he 
won at all. The best that can be said for him 
is that, however wisely he planned his own 
movements, he seemed rarely to have any true 
conception of the character and resources of 
the men with whom he coped. 

Thomas Jefferson came into office as the 
champion of Republicanism against an imag- 
ined tendency to Monarchism, of States' Rights 
against the rights of the General Government, 
and of peace against war. Mr. Adams shows 
that the real purposes of the man are not to be 
found in his Inaugural Addresses and public 
messages. It is in his private messages to 
Congress, and in his private correspondence, 
that Jefferson's real opinions are preserved. 
His first Inaugural Address breathed nothing 
but harmony, and in it he gravely said, " We 
are all Republicans, we are all Federalists," 
while but two days afterward he expressed in 
a private letter his real belief in the monarch- 
ical plans of his predecessor : 

<< The tough sides of our argosie have been thoroughly 
tried. Her strength has stood the waves into which she 
was steered with a view to sink her. We shall put her 
on her Republican tack, and she will show by the beauty 
of her motion the skill of her builders." 

As to the aggressions of foreign nations, 
he outlined in 1797, while still a minister to 
France, a policy that he afterward persistently 
followed until it was proved a failure : 

" We must make the interest of every nation stand 
surety for their justice, and their own loss to follow in- 
jury to us as effect follows its cause. As to everything 
except commerce, we ought to divorce ourselves from 
them all." 

Shortly before his inauguration, with refer- 
ence to States' Rights and the powers of the 
General Government, he wrote as follows : 

" The true theory of our Constitution is surely the 
wisest and best, that the states are independent as to 
everything within themselves, and united as to ®very.-^T/^ 



84 



THE DIAL 



[June, 



thing respecting foreign nations. Let the General Gov- 
ernment be reduced to foreign concerns only." 

In brief, Jefferson's plans for his administra- 
tion, as explained by Mr. Adams, were to win 
all political opinions to his own ; to encourage 
education, agriculture, and commerce ; to cur- 
tail the powers of the general government, and 
to control foreign nations by directing at will 
American commerce past their ports or into 
them. 

There is space to give little more than a hint 
of the mass of Jefferson's diplomatic corre- 
spondence, of which hundreds of extracts are 
given in Mr. Adams's history. Through the 
magic medium of this correspondence, we are 
transported to the pestilential battle-fields of 
St. Domingo, into the personal presence of the 
Spanish " Prince of Peace," before the inscrut- 
able Talleyrand, nay, into the private bath-room 
of the First Consul himself. All the separate 
levers that were working together to topple 
over the vast territory of Louisiana into Amer- 
ican control are seen in action. Jefferson him- 
self appears with a fragile instrument in his 
hand, prying away at the vast weight after it 
had begun to move, and flattering himself that 
his own strength has set it in motion. Napo- 
leon sold this territory in opposition to the will 
of France, and of Louisiana itself ; and Jeffer- 
son went beyond his powers under the Consti- 
tution, as he interpreted it, in accepting the 
purchase. But he did not stop here. 

" Within three years of his inaug^iration, Jefferson 
hought a foreign colony without its consent and against 
its will, annexed it to the United States hy an act which 
he said made blank paper of the Constitution; and then 
he who had found his predecessors too monarchical, and 
the Constitution too liberal in powers, — he who had 
nearly dissolved the bonds of society rather than allow 
his predecessor to order a dangerous alien out of the 
country in a time of threatened war, — made himself 
monarch of the new territory, and wielded over it, 
against its protests, the powers of its old kings.*' 

Napoleon had dii'ected Talleyrand to insert 
an obscurity in the Treaty, in regard to the 
boundary of Louisiana, and this ol)scurity led 
Jefferson into nothing but entanglement and 
humiliation. In 1762, France had ceded Lou- 
isiana to Spain and the Floridas to Great Brit- 
ain, and in 1783 the Floridas also came into 
the possession of Spain. In 1800, Spain ret- 
roceded Louisiana to France, " with the same 
extent that it now has in the hands of Spain 
and that it had when France possessed it." 
Napoleon knew well that Florida had not been 
retroceded to him ; but Livingstone and Mon- 
roe, negotiators of the purchase, persuaded 



themselves, and afterward Jefferson, to believe 
that France had regained both Florida and 
Louisiana, and that, in buying out the rights 
of France, the United States had bought Flor- 
ida as well as Louisiana. At first, Napoleon 
seemed to favor this claim, but only to further 
his own ends ; and for more than two years he 
continued to dangle the Floridas in the face of 
the United States as a possible reward for their 
subservience to him. Jefferson saw the trick 
too late to save himself from the charge of un- 
restrained cupidity. 

But cupidity was not a deadly sin in the 
eyes of the people, and as the Algerian pirates 
had been soundly thrashed, and Louisiana was 
being paid for while the Treasury surplus was 
still growing larger, Jefferson was re-elected in 
1804, and was increasingly populai*. Indeed, 
he had so far succeeded in harmonizing the 
politicians that in the Tenth Congress he con- 
trolled four-fifths of the Senate and nearly 
three-fourths of the House. He had so com- 
municated his " passion for peace" to the coun- 
try that, in 1807, Congress res}X)nded to the 
" Berlin Decree" of Napoleon and the English 
" Orders in Council," to French destruction of 
American merchantmen and British impress- 
ment of American seamen, only with an em- 
bargo upon American commerce. 

linmediately revenue dwindled, smugglers 
multiplied and grew openly defiant, the na- 
tional tone was lowered. Government troops 
coerced states and cities, ships were rotting at 
the wharves, and the nation was growing j)oor. 
But still England and France did not feel 
themselves "compelled to do justice" to the 
United States. Jefferson's long-cherishetl plan 
of "peaceful coercion" had been thoroughly 
tried and had failed, and three days before his 
retirement from office the President signed the 
repeal of Embargo. With the failure of Em- 
bargo Jefferson's popularity had also waned, 
so that the Senate of the Eleventh Congi'ess 
refused to confirm the appointment of his friend 
William Short as minister to Russia, although 
he was already in Paris on his way to St. Peters- 
burg. 

Mr. Adams has done his work well, so well 
that there will he no need for another to do it 
again. He has turned the white light of tnith 
upon every important administrative act of 
Thomas Jefferson during the eight years of his 
presidency, and most men who care more for 
the truth than for their own opinion of the 
truth will acknowledge themselves his debtor. 
While not aiming to be ix)pida|', the work is 

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1890.] 



THE DIAL 



85 



so written as to entertain earnest readers of 
history, as well as to instruct special students. 
There is a complete index at the end of the 
second and fourth volumes. 

It is but justice that the author should have 
the last word in his own cause and in descrip- 
tion of the man whose personality in these 
pregnant years was frequently the government : 

<<On horseback, over roads impassable to wheels, 
through storm and snow, he hurried back to Monticello, 
to recover in the quiet of home the peace of mind he 
had lost in the disappointments of his statesmanship. 
. . . Twenty years elapsed before his political au- 
thority recovered power over the Northern people; for 
not untU Embargo and its memories faded from men's 
minds did the mighty shadow of Jefferson's Revolution- 
ary name efface the ruin of his Presidency." 

H. W. Thurston. 



MA880n's Edition of De Quixcby.* 

The biographer of Dr. Parr, and the editor 
of his works in eight octavo volumes (a certain 
Dr. Johnstone), gives solemn and sonorous ut- 
terance to a lament that his hero did not, like 
Clarendon, like Burnet, or like Tacitus, write 
a history of his own times, " and deliver, as an 
everlasting memorial to posterity, the charac- 
ters of those who bore a part in them." Upon 
which lament De Quincey comments as fol- 
lows : 

" But, with submission, Posterity are a sort of people 
whom it is very difficult to get at; whatever other good 
qualities Posterity may have, accessibility is not one of 
them. A man may write eight octavos, specially ad- 
dressed to Posterity, and get no more hearing from the 
wretches than had he been a stock and they been stones. 
As to those * everlasting memorials ' which Dr. John- 
stone and Thucydides talk of, it is certainly advisable 
to 'deliver' them — but troublesome and injurious to 
the digestive organs." 

It is now upwards of a century since De 
Quincey's birth (1785), and nearly three-score 
and ten years since he won literary celebrity 
by the publication of the " Confessions of an 
Opium-Eater " (1822). In the last decade of 
his life two collected editions of his works were 
published; his American publishers found a 
market a few years ago for a third ; and now 
the Messrs. A. & C. Black, of Edinburgh, — 
represented by the Messrs. Macmillan & Co. 
on this side the sea, — are publishing, under 

•The Collected Wrttinos of Thomas De Qudtcbt. 
New and Enlarged Edition in Fonrteen Voloraes. By Pro- 
feasor David Masson. Vol. I., Autobiography ; Vol. II., Auto- 
biography and Literary Reminisoences ; Vol. III., London 
Rendniscences and Confeosions of an Opium-Eater ; Vol. IV., 
Biographies and Biographic Sketches ; Vol. V., Biographies 
and Biographic Sketches. Edinburgh : A. & G. Black. New 
York. : Macmillan & Co. 



the eminently competent editorship of Profes- 
sor Masson, an edition that seems likely to 
prove the definitive one. Considering the vast 
numbers of digestive organs, of every degree 
of robustness, that are taxed to their utmost 
from month to month in order to provide en- 
tertainment for the readers of the better sort 
of literary periodicals, it is certainly a notable 
circumstance when a writer of this class is so 
much as remembered a generation after his 
death. Much more noteworthy is it that a 
mere writer of periodical essays ranging over 
a vast extent of topics, — a writer, too, whose 
digestive organs had been hopelessly impaired 
by the opium-habit before the outset of his lit- 
erary career, — should still have the energy to 
deliver to a book-ridden posterity significant 
memorials of himself filling fourteen volumes. 
With so many worthy contemporary claimants 
to our attention and to our purses, is it possible 
that we, the Posterity for whom De Quincey 
did not write, can afford to bestow upon his 
fourteen volumes the number of hours and dol- 
lars requisite to the possession of them ? 

Evidently the publishers of these weU-print- 
ed,well-illustrated, and well-edited volumes have 
answered this question satisfactorily to them- 
selves from a business point of view, for they 
are able to offer this edition at a smaller price, 
volume for volume, than we have had to pay 
hitherto for a less complete and otherwise infe- 
rior edition. Without disparagement to the 
great American publishing house whose rela- 
tions with De Quincey were so honorable to 
them and so advantageous to him, it must be 
admitted that the present edition is distinctly 
superior to theirs typographically, and incom- 
parably superior in its editing. Professor Mas- 
son is an ideal editor, — sympathetic, watchful, 
scrupulous, unobtrusive. He provides each 
volume with an interesting biographical and 
bibliographical preface, arranges the contents 
according to a rational plan, introduces foot- 
notes whenever there is occasion, and distrib- 
utes the author's successive prolific crops of 
foot-notes in orderly fashion. Each volume 
has a carefully engraved frontispiece portrait 
of De Quincey or of members of his family, 
— ^the most beautiful and striking portrait in 
these five volumes being that of his daughter 
Florence in Volume IV. There are also one 
or two appropriate wood-cuts in each volume. 

A noble memorial this to a mere periodical 
essayist whose busy pen was laid down near a 
third of a century since. But is it justified ? 
Can we admit that Tait and Blackwood and 

"■" ' O" 



e 



36 



THE DIAL 



[June, 



Hogg's Instructor contained, a half-century 
back, metal more attractive than the great 
periodicals of to-day ? Has Time, that slayer 
and devourer of such prophets as Dr. Parr 
and Coleridge and Southey and Christopher 
North, and so many others, overlooked or dis- 
dained " little Mr. De Quincey " ? To these 
and other questions suggested by the volumes 
before us, we purpose to attempt no answer 
now. A few months later, when the whole 
edition shall be in the hands of the public, we 
hope to return to the subject and to analyze 
those remarkable qualities of mind and style 
by virtue of which this spirited writer is per- 
ennially fascinating. 

Melville B. Anderson. 



The Philosophy of the Future.* 



Near the close of George Henry Lewes' vol- 
uminous " History of Philosophy " occurs this 
discouraging statement : " Thus has philosophy 
completed its circle, and we are left in this 
nineteenth century precisely at the same point 
at which we were in the fifth." Were Mr. 
Lewes living to-day, he would certainly see 
cause to revise his statement in order to fit it 
to the last decade of the century. For while it 
is true that philosophical problems are not yet 
settled — and never can be until men's minds 
are all made after the same pattern — it is not 
true that " we are left at precisely the same 
point at which we were in the fifth." The old 
battle-ground is indeed the same, but the new 
armor and appliances of war are so vastly dif- 
ferent that it gives an entirely new aspect to 
the struggle. 

The fundamental question of philosophy to- 
day, as ever, is : Can we^ or can we not^ know 
anything in itself^ — that w, not merely as it 
se^ema^ but as it is ? On this question the 
world is now, as it always has been, divided 
into two hostile camps, but they have now a 
common point of agreement, unknown in the 
old days ; and this common agreement has re- 
sulted, not, as Lewes imagined, in doing away 
with the need of philosophy altogether, but 
rather in developing philosophy into unex- 
pected and highly surprising forms. The prac- 
tically universal acceptance by scientists of 
Evolution as a scientific explanation of the uni- 
verse implies the existence of some correspond- 

•The Way Out of Aonobticism; or, The Philosophy 
of Free ReDpon. By Francis Ellingwood Abhot, Ph.D. 
Boston : Little, Brown, & Co. 



ing philosophy as a philosophical explanation 
of the universe. The exposition of such a phil- 
osophy is the most imperative task laid upon 
speculative thinkers to-day, and it is one to tax 
their highest powers. 

To add to our interest in the matter, it is 
on American soil and from American thinkers 
that this philosophy of the future is receiving 
its most important contributions. While we 
owe to Herbert Spencer the word Evolution 
itself and the general concept of Evolution as 
a single all-pervading natural process, it was 
John Fiske rather than Herbert Spencer that 
first unfolded its religious and philosophical 
implications. And now another American — 
Francis Ellingwood Abbot, — starting from the 
same ground but travelling in an exactly oppo- 
site direction from Spencer, has come to ex- 
actly opposite conclusions. Thus, while neither 
wishes to be considered as having spoken his 
final word on the subject, we have already, in 
outline, two radically different philosophies of 
Evolution, which we are able to trace up to 
" last Saturday night." 

Their common ground is, — (1) That Nature 
means the. All of Being ^ (2) that the only 
road to knowledge of Nature is the Scientific 
Method. These are the new armor, the new 
appliances, the distinctive badges of nineteenth 
century thought. What is old, as old as man's 
mind itself, is the difference of mental consti- 
tution, whereby one man declares that we can 
know things as they exist in themselves, and 
another asserts that we can never know these 
in themselves, but merely as they seem to us. 
Thus, one school of Evolution philosophy, to 
which Mr. Spencer has given the name Trans- 
figured Realism, declares that the Scientific 
Method applies only to phenomena^ to the ap- 
pearances or shows of thin^, and has no pos- 
sible application to nomnena^ or things as they 
really exist in their internal relations and con- 
stitutions. Its religious outcome is Agnosti- 
cism. The other school, which Mr. Abbot has 
named Scientific Realism, declares that the 
Scientific Method applies necessarily both to 
phenomena and noumena^ both to things as 
they seem and to things as they are. 

Mr. Abbot's latest word on this subject, 
" The Way out of Agnosticism," is a very im- 
portant word indeed. Its object is, — " to meet 
and defeat agnosticism on its own professed 
grounds — the ground of science and philoso- 
phy ; to show by a wholly new line of reason- 
ing, drawn exclusively from those sources, that 
in order to refute agnosticism^and establish 

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THE DIAL 



87 



enlightened theism, nothing is now necessary 
but to philosophize that very scientific method 
which agnosticism barbarously misunderstands 
and misuses." All readers of Mr. Abbot's 
earlier work, " Scientific Theism " — and they 
must be many, since it has reached its third 
edition — will recognize this new work as its 
natural successor, and will be glad to learn 
that both are only preliminary to a more com- 
plete exposition, " the ground-plan of which is 
already thoroughly matured," although its lit- 
erary execution is still incomplete. 

It is certainly greatly to be hoped that lei- 
sure and years will be granted Mr. Abbot in 
which to develop, to his own satisfaction, the 
momentous and severe enterprise which has 
been slowly taking shape as the result of thirty 
years of cogitation by our chief American phil- 
osopher. In the mean time, it is much that we 
have a book so well-fitted to rescue Evolution 
from the opprobrium with which it is regarded 
in some quarters ; one which proclaims that 
"the self-contradictory conjunction of Evolu- 
tion and Agnosticism, in the so-called ^ philos- 
ophy ' of the nineteenth century, is a mere 
freak of the hour. . . . The philosophy of 
the future, founded upon the scientific method, 
must be organic through and through, and 
built upon the known organic constitution of 
the Tioumenal universe as the assured result of 
science itself." ^^^ g^ McMahan. 



Pater's ** Appreciatioxs.'' * 



It is with very pleasurable anticipation that 
any lover of literature for its own sake takes up 
a new book by the author of those delightful 
papers upon "The Renaissance," of "Marius 
the Epicurean," and of the "Imaginary Por- 
traits." With his earliest volume Mr. Pater 
made his mark, and assumed his place well up 
in the ranks of the writers whose each success- 
ive issue the critic welcomes, and girds himself 
to deal with. Here was plainly a man of pith 
and likelihood who would be heard from again, 
who had something to say to us in prose that 
had a distinction of its own, an aroma as pecu- 
liar as that of a Tangierine orange or of pat- 
chouli. He felt and understood art, and could 
make his thoughts and emotions intelligible. 
There were few contemporary authors from 
whom we could venture to hope for as much 
in the line of pure literature. 

* Appbeciations. With an Essay on Style. By Walter 
Pater. New York : Mamnillan Sl Go. 



It is a pity that such pleasant expectations, 
based upon successive experiences, should ever 
fail to be justified by the result. Why should 
not a man who has done well once, twice, and 
thrice, do as well, or better, always ? There 
is no denying, however, that the present vol- 
ume measurably disappoints us. The " Imag- 
inary Portraits " was hardly up to the level of 
the " Marius" or the " Renaissance," and "Ap- 
preciations" falls definitely below it. It is made 
up of disconnected papers upon Wordsworth, 
Coleridge, Lamb, and Sir Thomas Browne, 
upon several of Shakespeare's plays, upon 
aesthetic poetry, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. 
There is a preliminary disquisition upon Style, 
and a postscript upon the classical and roman- 
tic elements in literature. The papers range, 
in time, from an article begun in 1865 to an 
ai'ticle completed in 1889. They should reveal 
to us, therefore, something of their author's 
progi'ess and development in letters. They 
have their interest in that regai'd, but it is a 
perplexing interest. If the substance of the 
thinking in Mr. Pater's latest work has gained 
in philosophic depth, if it is of more solid grain 
and fibre than in his eai*lier essays, none the 
less his peculiar excellence, the fine edge of 
his stj'le, is dulled and blunted. It is not from 
carelessness, from the riper man's absorption 
in his theme and consequent neglect of the 
channels of expression. That might be a 
healthy token, giving promise of more mature 
and perfect work eventually. 

But it is impossible to interpret the failure 
in that genial fashion. The trouble is in quite 
another direction. Mr. Pater has overworked 
a native vein. He has lost something of his 
first crispness and freshness and vivacity. His 
style, once so apt and choice and dainty, has 
grown pedantic, has become entangled and in- 
tricate. He plays tricks with language until we 
resent his artifice. The muse forgives whimsi- 
calness, but is intolerant of the tweezers applied 
to her downy cheek or the apparatus of the 
manicure upon her taper fingers. Mr. Pater 
sins by over-elaboration. He weakens the text- 
ure of his material by carving his 

** Laborious orient ivory sphere in sphere." 

He would do better with less pains. We grow 
impatient over his tortuous movements, and are 
ready to say to him. Most dainty sir, let your 
sentences sway and undulate, but do not insist 
that they should writhe. Over-conscious graces 
in life or literature repel us. We do not care 
about all this ingenuity, this tampering with 
constructions, this dexterous interweaving of » 

__. . _oogle 



38 



THE DIAL 



[June, 



dependent clauses. Let Pegasus cease to cur- 
vet and sidle. A good roadster goes a steady 
pace for the most part, and needs neither spur 
nor rein. It is well to study style, and be able 
adroitly to discourse of style ; and then it is 
well to lose sight of style, and not remind your 
reader too perpetually of the medium through 
which he perceives your thought. Mr. Pater 
seems to have forgotten the charm of a light 
touch and a careless attitude. He has become 
Latinized. He has grown fond of the '' long- 
con tending victoriously intricate sentence "; 
and the victory sometimes goes the other way. 
The construction is sometimes clumsy with con- 
tortion. There are passages in the essay on 
" Style " where an intelligent listener, when 
they are read aloud, may fail to catch the 
sense, nor be quite sure of it even on a second 
hearing. The fault is in a perverse theory. 
When, in the paper on Coleridge, Mr. Pater 
describes the artist as " moving slowly over his 
work, calculating the tenderest tone and re- 
i training the subtlest curve, never letting hand 
cr fancy move at large, gradually enforcing 
flaccid spaces to the higher degree of express- 
iveness," it is difficult for the gentlest reader 
not to grow restless and cry out with Keats, 
who also was an artist, 

** sweet Fancy, let her loose, 
ETerything^ is spoilt by use," 

by this meddlesome handling and fussy pre- 
meditation. Calculated tenderness is fatal to 
spontaneous sweetness ; curves too much re- 
strained grow hard and mechanical ; and this 
gradually enforcing flaccid spaces — whatever 
that may mean — is apt to strain the original 
outline. Better meagreness than dropsical puf- 
finess. Better unoccupied roominess than a 
dense and jostling crowd of artfully compacted 
phrases. 

One hates to say all this ; it is only because 
Mr. Pater can be so delightful, that we are 
vexed at his perversities and pedantries. It 
would be unfair to let this be our last word 
upon this volume. With all its defects, there 
is abundance to enjoy in it. These essays, with 
their finical title, "Appreciations," are genu- 
inely appreciative. Mr. Pater knows his sub- 
jects, and discusses them with true insight and 
sensitive sympathy. The essential elements of 
style are well defined, however faultily illus- 
trated. The distinction between the classic and 
romantic schools in literature, and especially in 
French literature, is admirably stated. There 
is very much that is just and well put, if noth- 
ing very novel, in the treatment of Words- 



worth, Coleridge, and Charles Lamb. Even 
the well-worn thoroughfares of Shakespeare 
are traversed with a fresh and ringing step. 
" The ideal aspects of conmaon things" are re- 
vealed to us. You feel that you are in the 
company of one who has read much and gazed 
upon much and meditated much, who loves the 
best in art and letters and life, and has a dis- 
criminative sense of values. You would like 
to turn over with him the pages of any famous 
author or any unfledged aspirant to authorship. 
You are sure that his interest would be alert, 
his sympathy inclusive, his taste catholic, his 
views luminous, his judgment sober and sound. 
You only wish no one had ever told him there 
is a magic in nicely articulated prose. You 
long to have him talk right on, " plunge soul- 
forward," without too curiously picking his 
phrases, restraining the curves of his para- 
graphs, or enforcing too persistently "flaccid 
spaces " in his speech. 

C. A. L. Richards. 



"OL.D Country riiFE."* 



" Old Country Life " takes us into the at- 
mosphere of the •' good old times " before the 
fever of socialism, materialism, atheism, natu- 
ralism, and all the other isms of this modern 
age, had invaded and taken possession of the 
world. This age of subtle analyses, of infinite 
desires and boundless irresponsibility, of wants 
increased by intelligence, and of passions in- 
stead of instincts, is for the nonce forgotten. 
We smell lavender, we have visions of old 
chateatix^ stately dames in brocades and snuff- 
taking gentlemen in powdered wigs, quaint 
old terraced gardens, paradises of roses and 
dreams, with sunny walks protected by vine- 
grown walls, stiff parterres, hollyhocks, phlox, 
mignonette, and boxwood hedges. W^e read 
first about the old country families, how they 
rose and flourished, and how they have in many 
instances vanished from the face of the earth. 
They were simple folk. To quote Mr. Gould : 

" The country gentry in those days were not very 
wealthy. They lived very much on the produce of the 
home farm, and their younger sons went into trade, and 
their daughters, without any sense of degradation, mar- 
ried yeomen." 

It seems that even to marry a blacksmith was 
not considered very terrible for a young woman 
of quality, as a daughter of the house of Glan- 

♦Old Country Life. By S. Baringr-Gould, M.A. With 
Illustrations hj W. Parkenson, F. D. Bedford, and F. Masy. 
Philadelphia : J. B. Lippinoott Companv.- 



igitized by 



Google 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



39 



ville was allowed to marry a Tavistock black- 
smith, and he was entered as " faber " in the 
pedigree they enrolled with the heralds. " It 
was quite another matter when one of the sons 
or daughters "Xvas guilty of misconduct ; then 
he or she was struck out of the pedigree." The 
English aristocracy of to-day might copy their 
ancestors in this respect with profit. 

Mr. Gould proceeds to draw attention to the 
fact that — 

" The occasion of that irruption of false pride relative 
to < soiling the hands ' with trade was the great change 
that ensued after Queen Anne's reign. . . . Vast 
numbers of estates changed hands, passed away from 
the old aristocracy into the possession of men who had 
amassed fortunes in trade, and it was among the chil- 
dren of these rich retired tradesmen that there sprang 
up such a contempt for whatever savoured of the shop 
and the counting-house." 

It is very curious to notice the evolution in 
houses since the fourteenth century. That they 
were more picturesque than cheerful or comfort- 
able, we should imagine from the description of 
the original manor-house of the Arundels : 

" This house consisted of three courts ; one is a mere 
garden court, through which access was had to the main 
entrance; through this passed the way into the prin- 
cipal quadrangle. The third court was for stables and 
cattle-sheds. Now this house has but a single window 
in it looking outwards, and that is the great hall win- 
dow; all the rest look inwards into the tiny quadrangle, 
which is almost like a well, never illumined by the sun, 
so small is it." 

Mr. Gould also speaks of an old English house, 
Upcott by name, which shows how extremely 
primitive customs were in England, even at a 
comparatively late date : 

« This house has or had but a single bedroom, . . . 
in which slept the unmarried ladies of the family and 
the maid servants, and where was the nursery for the 
babies. All the men of the family, gentle and serving, 
slept in the hall about the fire, on the straw and fern 
and broom that littered the pavement." 

With the Tudor monarchs came in the era 
of broad wide windows, stately staircases, and 
the fine carved oak furniture of the German 
Renaissance. Marquetry became the fashion 
under William and Mary; and under Louis 
XIV. Monsieur Andr^ Buhl fashioned the ex- 
quisite cabinets, adorned with a marquetry of 
tortoise-shell and brass, which are known as 
Buhl cabinets to this day. With Louis XV. 
came the reign of rococo. White and gold 
walls, decorated panels and brilliant colors, 
took the place of the oak panels and demi-tints 
of Elizabethan times. Then came Chippen- 
dale, Heppelwhite, and Sheraton, then "the 
deluge." As Mr. Gould pertly says, — 

" The only furniture that cannot be loved is that of the 



first thirty years of this century, when it violated all 
true principles of construction, and manifested neither 
invention nor taste in design/' 

Mr. Gould next gives us a charming chapter 
on " The Old Garden," in which he mourns the 
fast disappearing ones of Rome. Whoever has 
loitered in the Ludovisi gardens on a sunny 
afternoon, or picked violets in the green alleys 
of the Borghese or Rospigliosi palaces, must 
join in these lamentations. There is a melan- 
choly charm about these old gardens which a 
new one, however beautiful, cannot possess. 
The romance of centuries, the spell of the mys- 
terious, is there. Men and women have come 
and gone, leaving no visible trace, but the trag- 
edies and comedies of human life pulsate in the 
very air we breathe. The gold-dust of sun- 
beams, the concentrated perfume of a thousand 
flowers, float about us. 

Mr. Gould makes a plea for the graceful 
and dignified miiluets and measures of our fore- 
fathers. He says that *•*• the dance as a fine art 
is extinct among us. It has been expelled by 
the intrusive waltz." He would wish to substi- 
tute " Sweet Kate," " Bobbing Joan," or " The 
Triumph." 

Our author gives us some very curious and 
interesting facts in regard to heredity, in his 
chapter on " Family Portraits." By calcula- 
tion, h^ imparts to us the astounding and con- 
fusing information that " in the reign of Henry 
III. there were over a million independent in- 
dividuals, walking, talking, eating, marrying, 
whose united blood was to be, in 1889, blended 
in your veins." No wonder that Schopenhauer 
defined a human being as the " possibility of 
many contradictions." 

In the reign of Elizabeth, music was brought 
to great perfection. At that time, every gen- 
tleman was expected to be able to play or sing 
at sight, and wherever men and women met 
part-songs were sung. The Elizabethan poets 
were so permeated with this spirit of music 
that in their poems we feel the music between 
the lines. With the idealism, the burning note 
of passion and of love, the glowing imageries 
imprisoned in rhyme, the intensity, the fresh- 
ness, the spontaneity, of the poetry of the Eliz- 
abethan age, is always combined the lyrical 
element. Some of these poems almost sing 
themselves. Even the serving-maids, we read 
in Pepys' '' Diary," entertained their masters 
and mistresses with music of various kinds. 
In those days, however, very few persons kept 
servants, and they were often taken from among 
their own relatives. Pepys took his own sister p 



40 



THE DIAL 



[June, 



to be servant in his house, and afterward two 
young ladies, acquaintances of his wife's broth- 
er, as his sister's temper proved unsatisfac- 
tory. " Our forefathers do not seem at one 
time to have thought that domestic service was 
derogatory to gentility." Menial, Mr. Gould 
points out, simply means within walls, from the 
Latin intror-moenia, which, by the way, he erro- 
neously writes intra^menia. Menial service thus 
simply meant in-door work, and involved no 
social degradation. When we read how Pepys 
and his wife amused themselves by spending 
their evenings with their servants, listening to 
pretty Mary Mercer sing, or Mary Ashewell 
play on the harpsicon, we ask if that was not 
in those times more true social equality than 
is found in the boasted democracy of to-day. 

Mr. Gould is perhaps too much inclined to 
retrospective optimism, but this tendency is 
fully compensated by the thoroughly sympa- 
thetic way in which it enables him to treat his 
subject. His book is quaintly illustrated, and 
the publishers' work is exceptionally well done. 

Genevieve Grant. 



Briefs on K"ew Books. 



The reader of Dr. Brinton's " Essays of an Amer- 
icanist " (Porter & Coates) can hardly fail to catch 
some of the author's enthusiasm for the department 
of study in which he is our most noted specialist. 
The work is a collection of twenty-eight essays, 
most of which have been first read as papers before 
various learned societies, and are here grouped into 
four general classes : Ethnologic and Archaeologic ; 
Mythology and Folk-Lore; Graphic Systems and 
Literature ; Linguistic. Dr. Brinton*s scholarly and 
original researches in these fields have brought him 
to some conclusions considerably different from the 
commonly accepted ones, all tending to give the 
American race a higher psychologic place than has 
heretofore been granted. At the outset, the author 
dismisses as trivial all attempts to connect the Amer- 
ican race genealogically with any other, or to trace 
the typical culture of this continent to the historic 
forms of the Old World. Accepting the theory that 
man as a species spread from one primal centre, 
and that each of the great continental areas moulded 
this plastic primitive man into a race subtly corre- 
lated with its environment, he considers that the 
earliest Americans came here as immigrants ; that 
the racial type of the American Indian was devel- 
oped on it<s own soil, and constitutes as true and 
distinct a sub-species an do the African or the White 
races. At what period the process began he does 
not undertake to determine in the present state of 
geologic knowledge ; but certainly at a much more 
distant time than has been commonly fixed, — as 



long ago as during or just after the glacial epoch. 
Theories based on alleged affinities between the 
Mongolian and American races he regards as un- 
supported, either by linguistics, the history of cul- 
ture, or physical resemblances. He rejects the 
current notion of a Toltec race and a Toltec em- 
pire as a baseless fable. Tula was merely one of 
the towns built and occupied by that tribe of the 
Nahuas known as Azteca or Mexican who finally 
settled at the present City of Mexico. Its inhab- 
itants were called Toltecs, but there was never any 
such distinct tribe or nationality. They enjoyed 
no supremacy, either in power or in the arts, and 
what gave them their singular fame in later legend 
was the tendency of the human mind to glorify the 
" good old times," and to merge ancestors into di- 
vinities. As Americans by adoption. Dr. Brinton 
urges upon American scholars the duty and the in- 
terest of studying a race so unique and so absolutely 
autochthonous in its culture. A century more, and 
scarcely a native of pure blood will be found ; the 
tribes and languages of to-day will have been ex- 
tinguished or corrupted. Every day the progress 
of civilization, ruthless of the monuments of bar- 
barism, is destroying the feeble vestiges of the an- 
cient race ; mounds are levelled, embankments dis- 
appear, the stones of temples are built into factories, 
the holy places desecrated; the opportunity of re- 
covering something from this wreck of a race and 
its monuments is one which will never again pre- 
sent itself in such fulness. Certainly we should all 
be grateful for such labors, if they can yield such 
interesting fruits as those contained in Dr. Brinton *s 
chapters on ** Native American Poetry " or "Ameri- 
can Languages, and Why We Should Study Them." 
In these we learn that a well-developed American 
tongue, such as the Aztec or the Algonquin, is for 
most uses quite equal to the French or English ; 
that not only are almost all savage tribes passion- 
ate lovers of music and verse, of measure and song, 
but that the Eskimo — the boreal, blubber-eating, 
ice-bound Eskimo — hold the verse-making power 
in such esteem that genuine tourneys of song, not 
unlike those in fair Provence in the days of la gaye 
science^ occur in the long winter nights, between 
the champions of villages. The more one becomes 
acquainted with works like the present volume, the 
more one recognizes the importance of Locke's po- 
sition — for which Cousin was so angry with him — 
that no study of psychology can afford to do with- 
out examination of mind as it is manifested by the 
uncivilized and savage. 

A SPECIALLY dainty volume containing the "Dra- 
matic Opinions'* of that sterling English actress, 
Mrs. Kendal, is issued by Little, Brown, & Co. The 
" Opinions" were first published in " Murray's Mag- 
azine," and as they were taken viva voce, they par- 
take of the nature of an " Interview." It wiU be 
readily agreed that Mrs. EendaFs views on things 
histrionic are entitled to consideration. Few have 
had greater experience in the matt^^*s whereof she 

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1890.] 



THE DIAL 



41 



speaks. Her ancestors — ^like those of Mr. Vincent 
Crummles's pony — were all "in the profession"; and 
she tells us that her blood " burns with enthusiasm 
when speaking of our long line of descent from ac- 
tors of old.*' Mrs. Kendal seems to have made an 
early dibut as Eva, in " Uncle Tom's Cabin." «» I 
was put," she says, " in a kind of machine, some- 
thing was put round my waist, and I went up in a 
sort of apotheosis." Later, she became leading lady 
in a Hull theatre, where she " played everything 
from Lady Macbeth to Papillonnelta. Papillon- 
netta was a lady with wings, in a burlesque of Mr. 
Brough's. The wings were invented by Mr. Brough, 
and they used to wind up and flap for about ten 
minutes, and you then had to run off and be wound 
up again." Lack of space forbids us tracing Mrs. 
KendaUs career, the phases of which she portrays 
with great vivacity. As is implied in its title, her 
book is largely made up of criticism ; and her judg- 
ments are marked by good sense, good-nature, and 
frankness. She does not fully approve of the pres- 
ent tendency of prominent stage professionals to 
seek society. " If you are a bitterly conscientious 
person, and act up to the hilt, I defy you night after 
night to go out, after your work, or even two or 
three times a week." We commend the following 
to a certain class of commentators : " It would be 
impossible for any ordinary persons, if they were 
to live to be hundreds of years old, and thought 
only of cultivating their minds, to tell you, from 
their own small range of thought, what Shakespeare 
meant." The following incident in Mrs. Kendal's 
career we believe to have been a rare one : "A man 
came into the stalls rather late, and looked about a 
good deal, and yawned so markedly, one could not 
help noticing him. It was very trying, but at the 
end of the second act he went out altogether, and 
didn't return. This little episode made me cry for 
about three days." We trust this paragraph may 
meet the eyes of the yawning gentleman — ^and oth- 
ers of his kind. " Dramatic Opinions " is a bright 
and amusing book, and may be taken, perhaps, as 
an earnest of what the author means to give us 
some day in the way of a serious addition to stage 
literature. 

Few poets live long enough to see the indiffer- 
ence or scorn, which seems to be their almost invari- 
able reception at the hands of contemporaries, trans- 
formed into sympathetic and responsive appreciation. 
Robert Browning was more fortunate than most men 
in this respect, although indeed his happiness must 
have been much qualiiied by the large amount of 
empty and undiscriminating applause which, to a 
sensitive soul, cannot fail to be more distasteful 
than even scorn or indifference. This latter class 
were noisy and numerous enough to create a new 
^* fad " around the Browning name, and thus to 
make genuine Browning-lovers shy of confessing 
their real feelings. These are now breaking through 
their reserve, and under the stress of a severe sense 
of loss no longer hesitate to lay on the grave the 



wreath or flower that might have seemed too hum- 
ble to offer to the man living. Such are the vol- 
umes '* Browning Memorial " (University Press, 
Cambridge) and •* Browning Personalia " (Hough- 
ton, Mifflin & Co.) — ^two of the daintiest and most 
beautiful books that have come to hand for many a 
day. The " Memorial " is in white paper covers, 
silken-tied, and contains, besides the addresses, let- 
ters, songs, and hymns which made up the Boston 
Browning Society's programme at its Memorial 
Service, pictures of the exterior and interior of 
King's Chapel where the services were held, Janu- 
ary 28, 1890, and a portrait of Browning in his 
later years. The other volume is by Edmund Gosse, 
and contains his valuable story of ** The Early Ca- 
reer of Robert Browning," written in 1881 and 
printed in the " Century " for December of that 
year ; also Gosse's " Personal Impressions" as given 
in the issue of " The New Review" following Brown- 
ing's death. As the neighbor and close friend of 
Browning for twelve years, Mr. Gosse had special 
opportunity for intimacy with the poet, and, indeed, 
wrote the first paper under his personal supervision. 
Therefore, it is well to have a reprint of these mag- 
azine articles in a book not only so beautiful to the 
eye, but so satisfying to the common and not un- 
worthy desire of mankind to know something of 
the daily life of those who by their writings have 
given us some part of their own vision into the 
'< infinite in things," and thus transformed our own 
lives forever after. 

It is satisfactory to be able at last to say that 
there is a compendious history in English of the 
territories ruled over by the Austrian princes. Mrs. 
Birkbeck Hill's translation of Professor Louis Le- 
ger's ** Histoire de 1' Autriche-Hongrie " begins 
badly in mangling the very title into ** A History 
of Austro-Hungary " (Putnam), and yet the book 
is better than its translation. The choice of Edward 
A. Freeman to write a preface to the translation 
was not a happy one, as that distinguished historian 
can never write calmly about his pet aversion, the 
Austrian dynasty. But, getting beyond translator 
and prolocutor, we find a most serviceable volume 
of 650 pages. The author has done well to devote 
nearly half his space to the times since the accession 
of Maria Theresa, for he is far best where the par- 
tial unification of the composite realm of the Haps- 
burgs makes possible a single continuous narrative. 
Where, in the earlier pages, the author attempts to 
deal separately with the narratives of Austria, Bo- 
hemia, and Hungary, he fails to produce satisfac- 
tory work. His chapters are sketchy, and barren 
of human interest. We believe that a historian like 
Freeman or Green could have here grasped the 
unity in the midst of apparent segregation, and 
would have given us a living and glowing narra- 
tive. We miss in this first portion any adequate 
account of what is so large a part of earlier medise- 
val history — the institutions of a people. Especially 
is the earlier history of the arch-duchy neglected^ T/> 



42 



THE DIAL 



[June, 



No reader would get from this volume alone a due 
conception of the importance of the Thirty Years 
War to either Austria or Bohemia. But with 1740 
the book becomes more satisfactory, and expands 
into a valuable study of the institutional as well as 
military and political history. We should have 
liked to see more appreciation of the personal ele- 
ment. We get no glimpse of the personality be- 
hind the taciturn mask of the subtle Kaunitz, or 
of the Metternich who for thirty years stayed the 
progi'ess of a large section of Europe by a pol- 
icy expressed in his borrowed aphorism, — '^Aprh 
nwile dHuge.'^ Still, the facts are carefully pre- 
sented, and as a handbook the work will iind a use- 
ful place in any library. 

Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, was 
probably the most versatile Englishman of the times 
of Queen Anne. As erratic as he was brilliant, his 
life seems one in which the ordinary laws of conduct 
are suspended, and the answer to the why and the 
wherefore cannot be satisfactorily given. To entrust 
the command-in-chief in a great international war 
to a man nearly fifty years of age who had hitherto 
never seen a battle or a book of tactics, and who 
was known merely as a hanger-on at court and a 
politician, might seem the height of folly ; yet Peter- 
borough proved himself to be not only a dashing but 
a great general. In his recently published biogra- 
phy of this eccentric character in the " English Men 
of Action " series (Macmillan), Mr. Stebbing has 
attempted to remove not only the cloud of adverse 
misrepresentation which hangs over his subject, but 
also to resolve some of the legend which has grown 
around his hero. After ag^reeing with Colonel Ar- 
thur Pamell in his " History of the War of the Suc- 
cession," and relegating the supposititious Captain 
Carleton and his memoirs to << the limbo of histor- 
ical romance,'* he shows that the estimate there put 
upon Peterborough's part in the war is confirmed 
by the very highest historical evidence. In the 
chapter entitled " Was he an Imposter ? '* he with 
equal cogency shows that Colonel ParnelFs attempt 
to grive the credit for the Peninsular Campaigns to 
everyone rather than to Peterborough is futile in 
the face of the facts. But while Mr. Stebbing is 
determined and successful in vindicating the mili- 
tary career of Peterborough, he makes little effort 
to furnish him with a character. In truth, the one 
thing this worthy lacked to make him one of En- 
gland's greatest men was high and constraining pur- 
pose in his life. Mr. Stebbing has written an at- 
tractive book, both in material and presentation. 

Another volume in the same series is Walter Be- 
sant's ** Captain Cook." Mr. Besant calls Cook with 
truth " the greatest navigator of any age." He fur- 
ther says of him, ^^ It is certain that there was not in 
the whole of the king's navy any officer who could 
compare with Cook in breadth and depth of knowl- 
edge, in forethought, in the power of conceiving 
great designs, and in courage and pertinacity in car- 



rying them through." He gave to the world the 
map of a large portion of the Pacific Ocean, from 
Arctic to Antarctic, and was the first to discover an 
anti-scorbutic, for which he should ever be gratefully 
remembered. It is singular that, while Mr. Besant 
anticipates and alludes in retrospect to this valuable 
discovery as one of Cook's most important services, 
one hardly notices the actual account of it, so slight- 
ly is it alluded to. Mr. Besant should be heartily 
ashamed to have closed his account of Cook's death, 
at the hands of the people who had thought him a 
god, with a pitiable attempt at humor over a fallen 
hero. One cannot help thinking, in consequence, 
of the dead lion in the fable. If the writer were 
better able to keep Mr. Besant out of his accounts 
of other people he would make a more successful 
biographer. 

To ANY readers who may be looking for the 
shortest cut to an easy acquaintance with modern 
French fiction in the original, we can confidently 
commend a unique series of Notes, by Edward T. 
Owen, Professor of French at the University of 
Wisconsin, published by Holt & Co. The notes to 
Victor Hugo's " Toilers of the Sea" (TravaiUeurs de 
la Mer) form a stout pamphlet of 238 pages. They 
are simply a dictionary, page for page, to all the 
difficulties of word, phrase, and allusion, with which 
this work bristles. Any student of French who has 
tried to find his way through one of Hugo's stories, 
with the aid of even the best dictionaries, will ap- 
preciate the value of Mr. Owen's notes, which are 
the result of patient and long-continued researches, 
pushed, in some instances, to the very threshold of 
Hugo's residence. The author has freely given his 
time and scholarship to this thankless task, in order 
to save the time of all who shall henceforth attempt 
to read this romance. The same remarks apply to 
the less voluminous notes to Sand's "Petite Fa- 
dette" (Fanchon the Cricket), Feuillet's "Ro- 
mance of a Poor Young Man," and to Balzac's 
" Ursule Mirouet." The careful reading of these 
masterpieces will enable anyone to cope with the 
difficulties of any modern French book ; and it 
would be foolish for anyone whose knowledge of 
French is something less than masterly to attempt 
these works without the aid of Mr. Owen's notes. 



The value of the study of mythology as a contri- 
bution to the history of the human mind is now 
universally recognized. The consequence is a new 
impetus given to the collection, preservation, and 
publication of the myth-stories of all nations, civi- 
lized and savage, with the aim of contributing fresh 
material for the advancement of comparative myth- 
ology. One of the latest of such books is Jeremiah 
Curtin's " Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland " (Little, 
Brown, & Co.). It contains twenty myth-tales, re- 
cently collected by the author personally in those 
parts of Ireland where Gaelic is still spoken, and 
where alone they are preserved. Mr. Curtin claims 
that they contain many myth-facts which have per- 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



43 



ished elsewhere. The Kelts having left the home 
of the Aryan race at a period far anterior to any 
of the other migrations, their mythology shows sur- 
vivals of an ancient time, and hy throwing light on 
many myths, and by connecting non-Aryan with 
Aryan mythologjs renders a service for which we 
should look in vain elsewhere. In an Introduction 
of thirty pages, Mr. Curtin traces the origin of the 
vulgar conception of myths as synon\^mous with lies, 
and grives his reason for ranking these old tales as 
the most comprehensive and splendid statements 
of truth known to man. 



Doubtless M. Imbert de Saint-Amand feels that 
it is a great deal easier to make a book out of other 
people's books than to make a book of one's own. 
His " Wife of the First Consul " (Scribner) — a se- 
ries of vivid pictures of the court of Napoleon and 
Josephine from the first consulate to the death of 
£nghien — is made up largely of extracts from Bour- 
rienne, Madame de Remusat, Madame Campan, the 
Duchess of Abrant^s, and " a host of others," as the 
play-bills say. By those not already familiar with 
the materials used, the result will be found very 
readable. M. de SaintrAmand's opinion is usually 
g^ven much after the fashion of that of Mr. Bagnet 
in " Bleak House "; but it may be gathered that he 
still tends to the idea that Napoleon was the creator 
rather than the creature of events. The volume is 
attractive as to externals, and the author is specially 
fortunate in his translator, Mr. Thomas Sergeant 
Perry. 

It would be hard to find a pleasanter road to as- 
tronomical knowledge tlian through " Star-Land " 
(Cassell), as described by Sir Robert S. Ball, the 
Royal Astronomer of Ireland. Although based on 
a course of lectures delivered to children, it is a 
book which all ages will enjoy reading. Its simple 
story-book style has not interfered with scientific 
accuracy, nor excluded the consideration of many ob- 
scure and not generally understood matters. From 
the somewhat familiar lore of the sun, moon, and 
inner planets, the author has passed on to include 
such difficult subjects as how Neptune was discov- 
ered, how we find the distances of the stars and 
what they are made of, the nature and movements 
of meteors, etc. When an author succeeds in mak- 
ing clear and fascinating stories out of such themes 
he is entitled to very high praise indeed, and the 
present work is quite a mastei*piece of tliis art. 
Ninety-two illustrations increase the value of the 
work, and aid the elucidation. 



IjITERAry Notes axd News. 

The report of Dr. Poole, Librarian of the Newberry 
Librarj', Chicago, shows that 16,492 books and 1,816 
pamphlets, costing 338,618, were added during the 
past year, giving a total of 37,375 books and 12,349 
pamphlets now open to the public. Tlie trustees ex- 
pect to begin the erection of the permanent library 
building during the present year. 



The latest completed volume of " The Century Mag- 
azine," number xxxix., is sent us by the publishers in 
the usual beautiful gold cloth binding. The volume 
contains nearly a thousand pages and over four hundred 
illustrations, and is, altogether, such a treasure of lit- 
erary miscellany and beautiful pictures as can hardly 
be found in the same compass elsewhere. 

The interest in the works of Henrik Ibsen is still in- 
creasing, and is one of the marked literary featui'es of 
the day. The third and fourth volumes of his plays, 
edited by Archer, are announced as nearly ready by 
Scribner & Welford. A comprehensive critical biogra- 
phy of Ibsen, written by Henrik Jaeger, and lately pub- 
lished in Copenhagen, has been translated into English 
by Mr. William Morton Payne, and will be published 
in the early Fall by A. C. McClurg & Co. 

" Eleusis," a little volume of verse in the metrical 
form and somewhat in the style of Tennyson's "In 
Memoriam," has just appeared in an edition privately 
printed in Chicago. No clue to its authorship is given, 
but the work discloses evidence of a new and distinct- 
ive force in American poetry. It has, what our modern 
poetry painfully lacks, a serious and well-meditated 
theme; and although this theme is not a new one — it is 
as old, indeed, as the introspective tendencies of the 
human soul — it is treated in a manner that has almost 
the stamp of genius. It is a sad strain which this new 
singer gives us, but so sweet and thrilling that we can 
forgive its saduess. 

Webstek's Dictionary, as is well known, has been 
so greatly improved and enlarged, since the appearance 
of the original edition of 1847, as to be practically a 
new work, and almost entirely to supersede the old edi- 
tion among intelligent people. But, unfortunately, all 
people, even among dictionary-users, are not highly in- 
telligent, — as is proved by the large sales of a recent 
cheap reprint of the original Webster, the copyright on 
that particular edition having lately expired. Now, 
although the newer editions of the dictionary are so 
much better than the old that no one who could buy 
the new should want the old at any price, yet, since 
any dictionary may be better than no dictionary, there 
could perhaps be no valid objection to the reissue of the 
superannuated edition — ^provided the facts in the case 
were fully stated, without misrepresentation or conceal- 
ment. Such, however, is not the case. The book is 
put forward simply as " Webster's Dictionary," and as 
the substantial equivalent of " an eight to twelve dollar 
book," when it is no such equivalent at all, being a re- 
print of an edition nearly half a century old and hence 
quite behind the times, printed not from type but from 
rough << process " plates, cheaply bound, and altogether 
a wholly inferior and comparatively worthless affair. 
The project is not only a deception upon the public, but 
an injury to the legitimate publishers of Webster's Dic- 
tionary, and cannot but be condemned by all right- 
minded persons who once understand the case. 

That within a brief period international copyright 
will be an accomplished fact in America, is almost as 
certain as any probable fact of the future — say, the 
general advance of civilization. The opposition of nar- 
row intelligences and archaic prejudices may a little 
further deLay this result, but caimot prevent it. The 
recent vote of Cong^ss was disappointing and mortify- 
ing, but not disheartening. Patiently and resolutely 
the friends of the good cause must prepare themselves 
for another struggle, encouraged by the hope that 



*J§le 



44 



THE DIAL 



[June, 



will prove the final and victorious one. The practical 
pledge of the Senate to a copyright enactment, and the 
narrow margin of votes by which the House of Repre- 
sentatives failed to pass the recent bill — the first ever 
brought to the test of a vote in that body, — leave little 
room for doubt as to the final outcome. It should now, 
indeed, be more a matter of concern as to the specific 
provisions of the bill which Congress is to be asked to 
pass, than of anxiety to secure the passage of anything, 
little matter what, that could bear the title of an inter- 
national copyright act. It is not improbable that the 
cause has suffered somewhat from this over-anxiety, 
and from the over-accommodating spirit of those hav- 
ing the bill in charge. To please everyone, and con- 
ciliate every real or fancied adverse interest, new clauses 
and changes and amendments were introduced, some of 
them wise but many foolish, until the bill had been 
transformed almost beyond recognition by its own orig- 
inators, and quite past the comprehension of the gen- 
eral public. It was thus weakened in the eyes of its 
friends, while exposed more openly to the attacks of its 
enemies. This mistake ought not, and probably will 
not, be made again. A compromise measure is often 
wise and right, but compromise may be carried too far. 
The bill which we may now expect to see passed by 
Congress will be a simpler and stronger bill than the 
one that lately failed, and thus the failure may work 
a benefit in the end. The managers of the next cam- 
paign will doubtless know how to profit by the experi- 
ence of the last. Whatever measure they place before 
Congress and the people should be well-digested in ad- 
vance, and prepared by the best legal talent obtainable. 
Perhaps the creation of a Copyright Commission, to go 
over the whole ground and draft a bill to be presented 
with its report, would be the best measure to ask of 
Congress at its next session. A commission composed 
of eminent jurists and scholars — for example, Hon. E. 
J. Phelps, Judge Thomas M. Cooley, and George Will- 
iam Curtis, — might be confidently looked to for a re- 
port that would at once form a most valuable contribu- 
tion to the literature of the subject, and secure the 
passage of a solid and satisfactory copyright law. 



Topics ix liEADixo Periodicals. 

June, 1890, 

Africa, American Interest in. H. S. Sanford. Forum, 

Agnosticism. J. A. Skilton. Popular Science. 

Animal and Plant Lore. Mrs. F. D. Beii^en. Popular Science. 

Antiquity of Man and Egyptologv. A. D. White. Pop. Sci. 

Arable Lands, Exhaustion of. C. W. Davis. Forum, 

Architecture, Utility in. fiarr Ferree. Popular Science. 

Balfour's Land Bill. C. S. Pamell. North American. 

Barbizon and MiUet. T. H. Bartlett. Scribner. 

Bismarck. G. M. WaU. Harner, 

Boker, George H. R. H. Stoddard. Lippincott. 

Bryant, Waiiam C. O.F.Emerson. Dial. 

Burlesque. The American. L. Hutton. Harper, 

Caucasus, Through the. E. M. de Vo^^. Harper. 

Census Methods. R. M. Smith. Political Science Quarterly. 

Chapbook Heroes. Howard Pyle. Harper. 

Chinese Culture and Civilization. R. K. Doug-las. Lippincott. 

City Houses. Russell Sturgis. Scribner. 

Controllers and the Courts. C. B. Elliott. Pol. Sri. Quar. 

Criminal Politics. E. L. Godkin. North American. 

Culture and Current Orthodoxy. A. J. F. Behrends. Forum. 

Education and Crime. A. W. Gould. Popular Science. 

Eight-Hour Agitation. F. A. Walker. Atlantic, 

Eight*Hour Movement. And over. 

Elections, Federal Control of. T. B. Reed. North A merican. 

Emin Pasha Relief Exi)edition. H. M. Stanley. Scribner, 

Enp^land, Do Americans Hate ? North American. 

Epidemic IMseases. Cyrus Edson. Forum. 

Episcopacy, Keinstitution of. C. C. Starbuck. Andover. 



Fiction, Realism in. Edmund Gosse. Forum, 

Fiction, Reality in. Agnes Repplier. Lippincott, 

Glacial Action in S. E. Connecticut. D. A.Wells. Pop, Sci, 

Glass-Making. C. H. Henderson. Popular Science. 

Grady, Henry W. J. W. Lee. Arena, 

Homer and the Bible. W. C. Wilkinson. Century. 

House of Representatives, The. Hannis Taylor. Atlantic, 

Ibsen as a Dramatist. Hamlin Garland. Arena, 

Japan, An Artistes Letters from. J. La Farge. Century. 

Jefferson^s Statesmanship. H. W. Thurston. Dial, 

Justice. Herbert Spencer. Popular Science. 

Kenton, Simon. Annie £. Wilson. Mag. American History, 

Letters and Life. Prof. Hardy. Andover, 

Lincoln Memoranda. H. De Garrs and others. Century, 

London Polytechnics. Albert Shaw. Century, 

Masson^s De Quincey. M. B. Anderson. Diot. 

National Sovereignty. J. A. Jameson. Pol. Sci, Quarterly. 

Nationalism. Bernard Moses, and others. Overland, 

New England and New Tariff Bill. R.Q.Mills. Forum, 

New Yorkers, Some Old. C. K. Tuckerman. Mag. Am. Hist, 

Novels and Common Schools. C. D. Warner. Atlantic. 

" Old Country I afe." Genevieve Grant. Died, 

Over the Teacups. O. W. Holmes. Atlantic. 

Pantheistic Theism. F. H. Johnson. Andover, 

Pater's "Appreciations." C. A. L. Richards. Dial, 

Persian Farm Life. S. G. W. Benjamin. Cosmopolitan, 

Philosophy of the Future. Anna B. McMahan. Dial, 

Politics, Fetichism in. H. C. Lea. Forum, 

Political Parties. F. A. Becher. Mag. American History. 

Preterition. G. A. Strong. Andover. 

Protection. Wm. McKimey, Jr. North American, 

Race Question. W. C. P. Breckenridge. Arena, 

Range-Finding at Sea. Park Benjamin. Harper, 

Ryder, Albert Pinkham. Henry Eckford. (fentwry. 

Schools and Colleges. C. W. Eliot. Arena, 

Schwann, Theodor. M. L^n Fr^^ricq. Popular Science., 

Sea^s Encroachments. W. J. McGee. Forum, 

Social Institutions, Classification of. S. W. Dyke. Andover. 

Spanish Writers. Rollo ^rden. Cosmopolitan, 

Taxation, Comparative. Edward Atkinson. Century, 

Telegraph, Public Control of. B. C. Keeler. Forum, 

Tennyson and Our Age. J. T. Bixby. Arena, 

Tin. M. B. de Saint JPol Lias. Popular Science. 

Universities and the Working Population. M. I. Swift. A nd, 

Wainwright, Jonathan M. Roy Singleton. Mag, Am. Hist, 

West-Intuan Half-Breeds. Lafcadio Heam. Cosmopolitan. 



BOOKS OF TPiE Month. 



[The following list includes all books received by The Dial 
during the month of May, 1890,] 

LITERARY MISCELLANY, 

Essays cuid Studies. Educational and Literary. By Basil 
Lanneau Gildersleeve. Sq. 8vo, pp. 512. Uncut. N. 
Murray. $3.r)0. 

Old Friends. Essays in Epistolary Parody. By Andrew 
Lang. With Frontispiece. IGnio, pp. 205. Gilt top. 
Longmans, Green & Co. $2.()0. 

Engrllsh Poetry and Poets. By Sarah Warner Brooks. 
8vo, pp. 506. Gilt top. Uncut. Estes & Lauriat. $2.(X). 

Introduc5tlon to the Study of Dante. By George Add- 
ington Symonds. With Frontispiece. Second Edition, 
8vo, pp. 288. Uncut. MacmiUan & Co. .$1.75. 

The Best Elizabethan Plays. Edited by William Roscoe 
Thayer, author of ** Hesper." 12mo, pp. 611. Giim & 
Co. $1.40. 

The Ck>llected Wrltlngrs of Thomas De Quincey. By 
David Masson. In 14 Vols. Vol. VII., Historical Es- 
says and Researches. 16mo, pp. 456. Uncut. Macniil- 
lan«feCo. 81.25. 

Midnlgrht Talks at the Club. Reported by Amos K. flske. 
Kmio, pp. 2<»8. Gilt top. Fords, Howard & Hulbert. $1. 

Sta^e-Land : Curious Habits and Customs of Its Inhabit- 
ants. Described by Jerome K. Jerome, author of " Idle 
Thoughts of an Idle Fellow." Illustrated by J. Bernard 
Partridge. 12mo, pp. 158. Henry Holt & Co. Si .00. 

BIOGRAPHY. 
Horatio Nelson and the Naval Supremacy of England. By 
W. Clark Russell, author of *' The Wreck of the Grosve- 
nor." With tlie Collaboration of William H. Jacqnes. 
lUufitrated. 12rao, pp. 357. Putnam's '* Heroes of the 
Nation." $1.50. 



Digiti: 



zed by Google 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



45 



Jobn Jay. By George Pellew. 12nio, pp. 374. Gilt top. 
Houghton*8 " American Statesmen " »*Serie8. Si. 25. 

The Bov. J. Q. Wood: His Life and Work. By the Rev. 
Theodore Wood, F.E.S., author of " Our Insect Allies." 
With a Portrait. Svo, pp. 318. The Cassell Publishing 
Co. $2.50. 

Adventures of a Younerer Son. By Edward John Tre- 
lawney. A New Edition. With an Introduction by Ed- 
ward Gamett. Illustrated. Syo, pp. 521. Uncut. Mac- 
miUan<&Co. $1.50. 

The Happy Days of the Empress Marie I>oui8e. By 
Imbert de S^t-Amand. Translated by Thomas Sei^ 
fl;eant Perry. With Portrait. 12mo, pp. 383. Charles 
Scribner's Sons. $1.25. 

Harvard Graduates Whom I Have Known. By Andrew 
Preston Peabody, D.D., LL.D. 12mo, pp. 255. GUt top. 
Houghton. Miffin <& Co. $1.25. 

Havelock. By Archibald Forbes. With Frontispiece Por- 
trait. 16mo, pp. 223. Macmillan's ** English Men of 
Action." 60 cents. 

Robert Brownincr Personalia. By Edmund Gosse. With 
Portrait. 18mo, pp. 06. Uncut. Houghton, Mifflin & 
Co. 75 cents. 

Recollections of General Grant. By George W. Childs. 
24mo, pp. 104. Paper. Philadelphia: Collins Printing 
House. 

HISTORY, 

The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy. By Jacob 
Buickhardt. Authorized Translation by S. G. C. Mid- 
dlemore. 8vo, pp. 559. GKlt top. Macmillan & Co. $4. 

Palestine xmder the Moslems. A Description of Syria 
and the Holy Land, from A.D. 650 to 1500. Translated, 
from the Works of the Mediieval Arab Geographers, by 
Guy Le Strange. With Maps and Illustrations. 8vo, pp. 
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82 THE DIAL [Aug., 



SAMUEL ADAMS T>RAKE'S /BEAUTIFUL V^EIV "BOOK: 

THE PINE TREE COAST. 

DESCRIBING and illustrating the peerless scenery, quaint old seaports, and romantic story of the 
more than two thousand miles of Maine coast. An equally delightful outdoor or fireside companion, 
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1 AUG 5 mo i 

THE DIAL 



Vol. XI. AUGUST, 1890. No. 124. 



CONTENTS. 



THE ART OF AUTHORSHIP. Melville B. Anderson 85 

TWO REUGIOUS LEADERS. John J, Halsey . . 87 

A GOOD OLD BOOK ON OLD ENGLAND. Minerva 

B. Norton 89 

RECENT FICTION. WiUiam Morion Payne ... 92 

BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 96 

The Century Dictionary, Vol. III. — Peabody's Har- 
vard Gradnatee Whom I Have Known.— Keltie's 
The Statesman's Year Book.— Thayer's The Best 
Elizabethan Plays.— Forbee's Life of Havelock, in 
** Eng^lish Men of Action " Series.— Russell's Nelson, 
in "' Heroes of the Nations " Series. 

BOOKS OF THE MONTH ' 97 



The Art of Authorship.* 



Mr. George Bainton, who is, I believe, libra- 
rian of Trinity College, has hit upon an in- 
genious method of producing an 'original and 
interesting book without mental toil. Appeal- 
ing by letter to a great number of authors for 
their experience and advice as to the best meth- 
ods of learning how to write effectively, and 
receiving some nine-score of answers, Mr. Bain- 
ton has strung these answei*s together under 
proper headings. To the remarks of every 
author is prefixed a brief eulogy upon that au- 
thor ; and these eulogies, with few exceptions, 
would apply almost as well if they were shuf- 
fled. If Mr. Bainton is a librarian, he must be 
singularly impervious to the opinion of his fel- 
lows ; otherwise he would hardly have printed 
one hundred and seventy-eight essays on style 
with no other key than a title-page, six chap- 
ter-headings, and an ^^ index of contributing 
authors." Perhaps no more important addi- 
tion to what the rhetorics offer on the subject of 
literary style has ever been given to the world at 
any one time ; yet the collector has not deemed 
it worth indexing! In preparing to review 
the book I have made hundreds of crcss-refer- 

^TiTE Abt of Authorship. Literary Reminiscences, 
Methods of Work, and Advice to Young Beginners, Person- 
ally Gontribated by Leading Authors of the Day. Compiled 
and Edited by Gtoige Bainton. New York: D. Appleton 
A Go. 



6nces on the margin ; on page 17, for example, 
there are forty-three. That the man who calls 
himself compiler and editor of the book did 
not save me this labor, almost makes me forget 
the gratitude due him for what he has done. 

The best service the reviewer of this book 
can do is to make use of his cross-references, 
in order to give the reader a few of the piquant 
contrasts and interesting coincidences of opin- 
ion and experience in which the letters abound. 
It is interesting to note the substantial unan- 
imity of opinion touching a few of the great 
principles which the best rhetoricians have al- 
ways insisted upon as fundamental. Thus, Mr. 
Walter Pater thinks all rules reducible to 
^^Truthfulness — truthfulness, I mean, to one's 
own inward view or impression.'' Herein, he 
thinks, lies the significance of Buffon's saying, 
" The style is the man himself." Almost every- 
one quotes or paraphrases or suggests this say- 
ing. Thus, Mr. T. T. Munger : " When you 
have got your man, you have got your style." 
Mr. J. B. O'Reilly expresses this thought with 
Celtic intensity, exclaiming, " Style is a vile 
study." 

The majority of these authors make state- 
ments substantially identical with the follow- 
ing by Mr. O'Reilly : " I gave myself no spe- 
cial training in youth to form a style ; I never 
thought of it." Similarly Mr. Froude : *'I 
have never thought about style at any time in 
my life." Likewise Coventry Patmore, Gerald 
Massey, J. S. Blackie, Thomas Hughes, G. W. 
Curtis, Miss Jewett, James Bryce, and a host 
of others. Mr. George Meredith goes so far 
as to say : " I have no style, though I sup- 
pose my work is distinctive. I am too experi- 
mental in phrases to be other than a misleading 
guide." Mr. Leslie Stephen remarks in the 
same strain : 

" I do not perceive that I have anything to be called 
a style, as Mr. Morley, for example, or Mr. Pater, or 
Mr. Stevenson have styles: and if anybody should be 
so misguided as to wish to write like me, he must do it 
by thinking of nothing except clearness and simply ex- 
pressing his meaning." 

A great many others, with Mr. Freeman at 
their head, ^' simply speak straight on "; and 
the gist of their advice is, " Spin your yarn in 
plain English." For all these let Dr. F. W. 
Newman be the spokesman : ^^ Good composi- 
tion depends on the total culture of the mind, 
and cannot be taught as a separate artr^ Or, | 

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[Aug., 



as M. Renan puts it, *'To write well is to 
think well; there is no art of style distinct 
from the culture of the mind." This seems an 
odd view for a Frenchman to take ; one would 
like to hear M. Renan's answer to the ques- 
tion whether there is any art, distinct from the 
culture of the mind. 

M. de Laveleye and M. Taine, at all events, 
believe that there is an art of writing, as there 
is an an art of painting. Says M. Taine: 
" The men of my tune in France have all re- 
ceived a special training with a view to style." 
M. de Laveleye emphasizes two qualities of 
style : the first that of clearness, the second that 
of color, — " the employment of energetic and 
highly-colored word-pictures, which strike the 
imagination, awake the attention, and stamp 
the thought on the memory." Mr. W. D. 
Howells appears as ungrateful as M. Renan 
for the training that has made him what he 
is. " I admired, and I worked hard to get, a 
smooth, rich, classic style. The passion I after- 
ward formed for Heine's prose forced me from 
this slavery, and taught me to aim at natural- 
ness." And a little farther on : "I should ad- 
vise any beginner to study the raciest, strong- 
est, best sjjoken speech, and let the printed 
speech alone." This echoes the famous declar- 
ation of Montaigne that he would have his son 
study the language of the taverns ; will Mr. 
Howells send his son to the saloons rather than 
to the Latin school and to Harvard ? And why 
spoken rather than printed speech? Appar- 
ently Shakespeare and Swift and Bunyan and 
Defoe are not strong and racy enough for 
Mr. Howells ; but he will surely admit that 
certain sides of the language are more safely 
and conveniently studied by Mr. Sainton's 
" young beginner " from the pages even of 
realistic novelists, than from the lips of harlots 
and criminals. 

Sir Edwin Arnold thinks that "no elevation 
or charm of style can be obtained without a 
constant artistic effort to lift language to its 
best expression." Mr. Hamerton asserts that 
" good writing is as much a fine art as paint- 
ing or musical composition." How is this art 
to be learned ? With few exceptions, all these 
writers advise the caref id study of the great 
masters of thought and expression. *' For pre- 
empts of style," says Professor Gold win Smith, 
" you must go to the masters of style, and for 
lessons in the art of composition you must go 
to artists." Professor Huxley, indeed, has 
' always turned a deaf ear to the common ad- 
vice to ' study good models,' to ' give your days 



and nights to the study of Addison,' and so 
on." Mr. James Bryce, while believing in 
models such as Burke and Milton and Cardi- 
nal Newman, calls attention to the danger "that 
a student may become a mere imitator, and pro- 
voke the annoyance of his readers by reproduc- 
ing mannerisms rather than merits." This is 
a danger which so courageous a man as Pro- 
fessor Huxley surely need not have feared I 
Mr. Lowell and many others advise us to face 
it, for the sake of the great compensations to 
him who escapes. " I am inclined to think," 
says Mr. Lowell, " that a man's style is bom 
with him, and that a style modelled upon an- 
other's is apt to be none or worse." Neverthe- 
less he concludes : " Cato's advice, ' Cum bonis 
ambyla^^ is all that one feels inclined to give." 
Sarah Tytler (Miss Henrietta Kidder) repeats 
one of the good things in Mr. Lowell's letter^ 
and makes it her own : 

« I believe that style is in a manner infectious, and 
that by habitually keeping good company in books we 
are as sure to catch the tone of their authors as we 
catch the tone of the best — that is, the most spirituaUj 
noble, agreeable, and intelligent — society." 

Messrs. T. W. Higginson, Francis Parkman^ 
E. E. Hale, Monier Williams, J. A. Symonds, 
A. P. Peabody, O. W. Holmes, P. G. Hamer- 
ton, and Canon Westcott gratefully acknowl- 
edge the training in the art of writing received 
from early teachers of rhetoric. Dr. Holmea 
finds, however, that his special indebtedness to 
Professor Channing is for instructions " how 
not to write." Professor WiDiam Minto owes 
all his success in the way of logical and cohe- 
rent composition to the instruction of Profes- 
sor Bain. That this training has its drawbacks 
Mr. Minto hints in the following remarkable 
statement : '^ I must again say, however, that 
if entertainment is a writer's purpose, all the 
obvious rules of clear and coherent statement 
seem to me, although I cannot myself, owing 
to ingrained habit, get rid of them, to be a 
mistake." The poor Scotchman would so much 
like to be iUogical and incoherent, at tinies^ 
by way of variety, but he cannot attain unto 
it. Such is the melancholy issue of the instruc- 
tion of Professor Bain I How Mr. Minto must 
long to be able to exchange places with Mr. 
George Moore, author of the "* Confessions of 
a Young Man," who confesses himself as fol- 
lows: 

<* When I was five and twenty I could not distinguish 
between a verb and a noun, and until a few years ago 
I could not punctuate a sentence. This suggests idiocy; 
but I was never stupid, although I could not learn; I 
simply could not write consecutive sentj^nces. For many 



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87 



years I had to pick out aud strive to put together the 
fragments of sentences with which I covered reams of 
paper. My father thought I was deficient in intelli- 
gence because I could not learn to spell. I have never 
succeeded in learning to spell. I am entirely opposed 
to education as it is at present understood. . . . An 
educational course seems to me to be folly. ... I 
scarcely know anything of Shakespeare, and I know his 
contemporaries thoroughly. ... I still experience 
great difficulty in disentangling my thoughts." 

Despite Mr. Moore's advanced opinions about 
education and about Shakespeare, his experi- 
ence is such as to separate him less hopelessly 
from the sympathy and compi-ehension of ordi- 
nary human beings, than that of the Scotch lit- 
terateyr who sighs in vain for deliverance from 
the body of this logic. Those who are inclined 
to hold authors in superstitious reverence will 
find their account in this book. Many an author 
confesses his (and especially her') sins, grammat- 
ical, logical, orthographical, and other, in almost 
as frank a manner as Mr. Moore, whom Mr. 
Sainton pronounces " certainly clever." 

A favorite piece of advice, — upon which an 
extraordinary number of authors seem to plume 
themselves, as upon something really in the na- 
ture of a revelation, — is the following : 

" Never use a long word when you can find a short 
one to answer the same purpose; never use a Latin 
word when you can find a Saxon one to express the 
same meaning." 

Upon this Mrs. Molesworth vrisely comments 
as follows : 

" I would rather advise young writers to choose the 
word which best expresses their meaning, be it long or 
short. Even in writing for children I do not entirely 
confine myself to words which they can at once under- 
stand; by the help of the context, and a little exercise 
of their own brains, children soon master a new word's 
exact meaning, and each new word is so much gained 
of intellectual treasure." 

Incidentally, the book is full of interesting 
expi-essions of preference for books and au- 
thors. Who, by the suffrages of authors them- 
selves, are the most artistic of recent or living 
writers? De Quincey and Landor are fre- 
quently mentioned as models. Mr. Freeman 
and others owe more to Macaulay than to any 
other stylist. Mr. Lang is not alone in pre- 
ferring Thackeray ; Mr. Black says : " Tenny- 
son and Thackeray for choice." Mr. John 
Burroughs, Mr. Brander Matthews, and Pro- 
fessor Minto seem to prefer Matthew Arnold. 
Emei*son is frequently mentioned, but Maxwell 
Grey (Miss Tuttiett) distrusts him as "a loose 
thinker." Among writers still living, Mr. 
Pater prefers Cardinal Newman, but says that 
Tennyson and Browning have influenced him 
(Mr. Pater) more than prose writers. Mr. 



James Bryce, Mr. Aubrey De Vere, and Canon 
Liddon prefer Cardinal Newman ; Mr. Ernest 
Myers brackets Cardinal Newman with Gold- 
win Smith, and Mr. Freeman places Goldwin 
Smith at the head ; Mr. George Rawlinson 
mentions Ruskin and Froude ; Mr. Brander 
Matthews owes most to Lowell ; Miss Jewett 
would be happy if she could write like Miss 
Thackeray; Mr. Herman Merivale exclaims, 
"In present days, 'John Inglesant,' and to 
me, none other." Among living women, Mrs. 
Molesworth receives the suffrage of Mr. Swin- 
burne. 

To conclude, I briefly sunmiarize the prin- 
cipal rules for "the art of authorship," as I 
educe them from this interesting book : 1. Be 
born with the right aptitude, taste, or knack 
for the art of expression. 2. Read choicely 
and widely. This stocks the mind, cultivates 
an ear for the music of style, and educates the 
inner eye to a nice perception of word-color. 

8. Study foreign languages, especially Latin 
and French, and practice translation critically 
and assiduously. 4. Learn to think clearly 
and consecutively. 5. Write and rewrite what 
you think, and then bum what you have writ- 
ten. 6. Converse much ; get experience. 7. 
Master some subject. 8. This apprenticeship 
accomplished, when, in the expressive phrase 
of Mrs. Barr, the heart grows " hot behind the 
pen," you may venture to write for publication. 

9. Do not be chagrined at failure ; try again, 
harder. 10. From the practise of Mr. Bain- 
ton, for whose style little can be said, I derive 
the least hackneyed precept of all, vlz.^ get the 
most celebrated authors to do it for you. 

Melville B. Anderson. 



Two Religious IjEAders.* 



In planning a series of biographies of repre- 
sentative men in religious thought and activity, 
the projectors of the series to which the vol- 
umes under review belong could have shown 
no wiser judgment than in the selection of 
William Augustus Muhlenberg as such a lead- 
er. For no other one of the men mentioned 
in the prospectus of the series is so completely 
in the van of the march of religious ideas m 
the nineteenth century. Dr. Muhlenberg's 
leadership was that combination of the ideal 

*Db. Muhlenbkbo. By William Wilberforce Newton, 
D.D. "American Religioua Leaders.'* Boston : Houghton, 
Mifflin A Co. 

WiLBUH FiSK. By Professor C^orge Prentice. "Ameri- 
can Religious I^eaders.^' Boston : Houghton, Mi^piii^ & Co. 



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and the practical which kept him ever in ad- 
vance of public opiiiion, and yet never brought 
him out of touch with the sympathy and appre- 
ciation of the times. Yet he is known to most 
Americans to-day chiefly by the one thing he 
did which least represents him — ^that morbid 
rliapsody familiar to every congregation of 
Protestants in the land, entitled "I Would 
Not Live Alway." We are glad to know that 
he wrote it in his youth, and wrote a robuster 
version of it in his later years, and that it rep- 
resented the real state of his eminently healthy 
mind about as much as " Thanatopsis " repre- 
sented a waxing boyhood at seventeen years 
of age. 

Muhlenberg was a pioneer along several im- 
portant lines of religious movement. He stands 
in the fore-front of American educators as the 
founder of the system of parochial schools, and 
he was one of the first churchmen to break 
away from the narrow bounds of denomination, 
and to call for a church whose inclusion should 
be as large as the number of those who profess 
the name of Christ. We hardly know which 
to admire the more : the spirit of Dr. Muhlen- 
berg with reference to education and denomi- 
national catholicity, or that of this his most 
recent biogi'apher. Dr. Muhlenberg was an 
ideal teacher and an evangelical churchman ; 
and Dr. Newton is an ideal biographer in his 
comprehension, not only of the subject of his 
sketch, but also of the Zeitgeist. He treats 
his theme topically in a series of essays, rather 
than in a chronological narrative, and in ad- 
mirable English sets forth in its beauty a most 
remarkable life. 

Muhlenberg's practice and Newton's theory 
of education both aim at character rather than 
at facts, at the development of conduct in ad- 
dition to capacity. They recognize the indi- 
vidual in the pupil, and his moral and social 
capabilities as well as his mental. They would 
train complete men rather than merely minds, 
and would call for, not only a sound mind in a 
sound body, but also a sound mind with a good 
conscience and a high purpose. To Muhlen- 
berg, — 

" Education was uot the impartation of knowledge, 
but the comiuanication of a spirit; not the training of 
an intelligence, but the development and inspiration of 
a soul ; not the discipline of powers, but the formation 
of a character; not familiarity with principles, but the 
perfection of manhood. The real teaching force re- 
sides in the individuality of the teacher, which the Lord 
has made, and not man, and which is worth more than 
all man-made methods in the books.*' 

Wise and timely words these, at a time when 



the swing toward technical specialists for teach- 
ers has gone too far, when would-be teachers 
are asked, not what they can do, but merely 
how much they know, and when teaching posi- 
tions are too often filled by men whose great 
knowledge does not extend to human nature, 
who lecture but cannot teach, and who never 
touch the personality of their pupils except by 
repellant eccentricities. What this great west- 
em water-shed of the East needs much to-day 
is a Christian college which shall be a teaching 
college, which shall build on such foundations 
as Muhlenberg helped to lay, and shall teach 
our youth not only by the influence of schol- 
arly and trained minds, but by the added influ- 
ence of large adaptability to a needy humanity 
and of character disciplined and made practical 
in the service of mankind. 

Thi-ee of Dr. Muhlenberg's undertakings 
which were closely related in spirit to his edu- 
cational activity were — his establishment in 
New York City of a free church, which he 
served for twelve years, and the institution in 
connection therewith of a '' Church Sister- 
hood " as an order of deaconesses ; the noble 
St. Luke's Hospital, to which he gave twenty 
years of his life as its chaplain, and to which 
he brought his Sisterhood as nurses ; and his 
contribution toward a practical answer to so- 
cialism, from the text " God helps him who 
helps himself," m his viDage of St. Johnland. 
These were pioneer movements toward the de- 
livery of the masses of a great city from relig- 
ious and physical and social disease ; and while 
the last failed, they all together show the large 
inclusiveness of the man's conception of prac- 
tical Christianity. 

If we turn to his attitude as a churchman 
and a clergyman we flnd the same thing em- 
phasized, in his " Evangelical Catholicism." 
Dr. Muhlenberg would have a church broad 
enough to include all who take the life of 
Christ as an inspiration and a working model, 
and low enough to reach every hovel. His 
double aim was liturgical and episcopal free- 
dom. Toward the former he demanded " the 
freedom of prayer and of prophesying, and the 
right of all the people of the congregation to 
participate actively and audibly in the stated 
exercises of public worship in the sanctuary." 
He forcibly wrote : 

" It is not the PREscription but the PROscription of 
the canon at which we demur. We are not < weary of 
the liturgy/ but we are weary, quite weary, of the re- 
straint of a law which fastens a bondage to the liturgy 
in no wise belonging to it; . . . which disfranchises 
the citizens of the Heavenly Citvt^uchuig their right 

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of petition, dictating the words in which alone it shall 
be exercised, and that in the public assemblage of the 
citizens in which petition is the most availing; which in- 
fringes the Magna Charta of freedom in prayer guar- 
anteed by the great apostle of gospel liberty when he 
bids us come, whether in closet or church, to the throne 
of grace boldly, literally with freespokenness." 

As to his demand for freedom in the calling 
of men to the Christian ministiy, he says : 

** Let theological dogmata, schools, and platforms be 
put back to their legitimate place, to make room for a 
restoration of the * Catholic Consent ' in the substance of 
the faith; let aU but confess to that; let all but agree 
in the person and offices of our blessed Lord, as the 
God-man, the Prophet, Priest, and Ring, the one Medi- 
ator between God and man, the final Judge of the quick 
and the dead." 

Standing on this platform, he wished his church 
to recognize its mission to preach the Gospel to 
all mankind, and, so far as they would, through 
all mankind. The broad tolerance of this 
churchman, his efforts toward Christian unity, 
his desire for the subsidence of dogmatic the- 
ology and the emergence of fellowship in prac- 
tical faith and conduct, are worth repeating 
to-day, when that other great church of the 
same theology wit^ Muhlenberg's is debating, 
not the substance, but merely the form of its 
credo ; and yet when many thoughtful Christ- 
ians are remembering that Presbyterianism is 
older than Calvinism, and are asking that the 
confession of their church shake itself loose 
from sixteenth-century politics, and give utter- 
ance to the intelligence of the nineteenth cen- 
tury. Dr. Muhlenberg's justification in his own 
church was the adoption, practically, by the 
general convention at Chicago, in 1886, of the 
views presented by him and his few sympathiz- 
ers to the House of Bishops in 1853. 

Professor Prentice's sketch of Wilbur Fisk 
will not take the high rank won by this life of 
Muhlenberg. It is not merely that Professor 
Prentice fails to recognize the critical calling 
of the historian and writes like a polemic : the 
sober common-sense which underlay the enthu- 
siasm and pervaded the thinking of Muhlen- 
berg, and which, guiding his aspirations, made 
him a great man, was not given to his Meth- 
odist contemporary in equal measure. The 
account of his practical experience, during his 
early ministry, of " the Wesleyan doctrine of 
entire sanctification, Christian perfection, or 
perfect love," makes one suspect that a hyster- 
ical possession was mistaken for something 
spiritual, and lays the biographer open to the 
charge of rhapsody rather than plain history. 
In fact, the book is so full of mysticism that 
it is pleasant to turn from this feature to a 



recognition of Dr. Fisk's noble work for edu- 
cation within the lines of the Methodist Church. 
Such progress as that church has made toward 
a ministry of culture is largely due to his efforts 
for higher education, first as principal of the 
Wesleyan Academy at Wilbraham, and then 
as first president of Wesleyan University at 
Middletown. When his theological writings 
on the vexing questions 

*' Of Providence, Foreknowledge, Will, and Fate '' 

are forgotten, he will be remembered gi-atefuUy 
for his earnest labors and his wise counsels for 
the education of youth. Not only did he illus- 
trate in his practice the theory of the teacher 
emphasized in the earlier portion of this article, 
but he apprehended, sixty years ago, one im- 
portant educational truth of whose enforcement 
to-day there is much need. Recognizing the 
importance of the college faculty as the teach- 
ing and governing body, he would have it con- 
trol appointments to its own number, and so 
would not only call upon the men best fitted 
by education and by self-interest to approve 
their colleagues, but also develop an esprit du 
corps of the highest order. We wish he could 
have had a more self-controlled biographer, 
for, while not a mind of the first order, he was 
a man of earnest life and large usefulness. 

John J. Halsey. 



A Good Old Book ox Old England.* 



Nearly a quarter of a century ago, the com- 
paratively few Americans who looked forward 
to travel in England, and a portion of the stay- 
at-home public who had learned to read books 
of travel with interest, welcomed the first ap- 
pearance of " Old England," in which the 
genial Professor Hoppin led his readers most 
profitably and delightfully through a maze of 
English scenes. Edition after edition was 
called for. Ten years ago, the author wi*ote a 
preface for the fifth edition, in which he mod- 
estly said that it was probably the last ; and 
added the chapter entitled ^^ England Revis- 
ited." The present is the tenth edition, with 
an added record of a third visit in 1888. It 
is handsomely printed by the Riverside Press, 
and contains a convenient county map of En- 
gland and Wales. 

It may be well to study briefly the sources 
of influence to be found in this perennial book. 

* Old EiroLAND. Its Scenery, Art, and People. By James 
M. Hoppin, Plrofeesor of the History of Art in Yale College. 
Tenth Edition. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin & Gor^ | 

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A peculiarly terse and picturesque style lends 
an exquisite charm to the personal story of the 
author's wanderings. We set out with him on 
a railway ride along the north coast of Wales, 
where we see the foreheads of great green 
cliffs, the rush and swirl of the waves, the soft 
blue mountains in the misty distance with the 
haze of morning light filling all the spaces be- 
tween their summits. The broken towers and 
majestic battlements of Caernarvon Castle lift 
for us their slim turrets, and disclose their 
great flights of stairs broken midway, where 
the lightest maiden's foot may not tread, though 
vanished kings and mailed warriors once press- 
ed them heavily. 

Turning from Northern Wales, we are led, 
by cathedral town and market-place, in and 
out of many a lovely English haunt. We are 
taken into an old cathedral when evening is 
fading into night, the moon shining on the 
lofty windows of one side as the last crimson 
shafts of day strike the upper openings on the 
opposite side, while below and within parts of 
the vast edifice are already lost in darkness. 
We wander along the South Coast, where the 
gi*eat gi'een billows arch into the sunlight to 
pour themselves along the beach. On the Isle 
of Wight, we catch the mysterious gleam of 
patches of soft hazy sunlight on the sea, with- 
out losing sight of the big brass knockers on 
the doors of the cottages, while in the fields 
which run to the very edge of the cliffs, men 
are tying up wheat on the brow of the preci- 
pice, the late clover is a-bloom, and the black- 
ben-ies are ripening. 

The scenery of England is like the soberness 
of a Doric temple, with its decorated frieze and 
intervals of rich exquisite sculpture. The lit- 
tle silver-footed streams, the waving and gentle 
outline of the hills, the sheen of the grass, the 
bright lakes and bosky combes, the low cottage 
and the village church hid in foliage and flow- 
ers, the gray ruin clothed in green, the great 
parks of venerable oaks, the sweeping glades 
of cleanest and smoothest lawn, the delicate 
veil of mist that softens and heightens each 
effect, make England a beautiful northern 
temple* the home and shrine of our ancestral 
virtue. 

Our author, with his true poetic inspiration, 
touches not alone natural scenery and the de- 
tails of man's grandest works. He has a 
healthy sympathy with humanity, especially 
with the poor and with little children, which 
saves from the heart-deadening effect of exclu- 
sively intellectual and imaginative work. The 



same poetic instinct sets in their frames these 
human pictures, and one reads a leaf of Shakes- 
peare in the natural light in which it was writ- 
ten. We wander, at Stratford-on-Avon, amid 
the townspeople, — burly magistrate, bearded 
soldier, young man, lover, schoolboy, and nurs- 
ing babe ; and we hear a tired old woman 
shrieking into a fit in Shakespeare's church in 
the midst of the services. We cross a Lon- 
don street with a pallid little crippled street- 
sweeper, haH-naked, with the stump of an old 
broom in his hand, hopping cheerily after us 
in the rainy November day, shrilly calling, 
" Poor little chick, sir, — give him a lift, sir, — 
thank'ee, good momin', sir." At high noon 
in a Birmingham street, the English love of 
fun and fighting gleams forth, men with bars 
of iron on their shoulders and clerks with pa- 
pers in their hands forget their work, and car- 
men sit sidewise on their elephantine horses to 
watch the piping denunciations and determined 
thwacks of Punch. An old man with a red 
vest leans on his crutch in the shadow of an 
ancient church, his trembling head, bleared 
eyes, and long tangled white locks shading the 
outline of Shakespeare's Old Age. 

There is much valuable criticism held in so- 
lution in the delightful flow of the author's 
pellucid English. For him in Loudon, histoiy, 
law, literature, art, religion, meet and radiate 
from a common centre. So for the reader in 
this narrative, the many-sided culture of the 
author, like a prism, separates the white light 
of civilization into primary and secondary rays, 
and flashes the splendor of color along with 
the axiomatic lines of definition across his 
pages. 

Familiarity with English literature is the 
groundwork of much that is best in the vol- 
ume. Here is the "hazy amber light" of 
Tennyson's poetry in " Lady Godiva "; there 
the lines of Chaucer exemplified in the elo- 
quence of a Member of Parliament ; Thack- 
eray here grows in fame while Dickens de- 
clines, but the tear still falls over the pages 
which portray the earthly pilgrimages of Oli- 
ver Twist and Tiny Tim. The delicate hum 
of insect life and the whir and flutter of little 
wings surround us in the quiet churchyard con- 
secrated by the genius of Gray at Stoke Pogis. 
At Strawberry Hill we have glimpses of the 
charming lawn and garden of Horace Walpole, 
where the cunning letter-writer ^'sat like a 
spider and drew into his brilliant dew-spangled 
country web all things, — where he sucked the 
life out of his times, and sometimes ejected his 
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]K>ison also into them." We climb to the back- 
room of Charles Lamb in the East India House 
in Leadenhall street ; we visit the home of 
Addison, with his flower-garden, rich in June 
roses, sending its delicious perfume into the 
open windows ; we go in a hansom to Carlyle's 
house in Chelsea, a brick house, three windows 
wide, in a narrow and humble street, and con- 
trast its present smart red color, its window- 
siUs furbished with flower-boxes and yellow 
porcelain swans, with the grave old-fashioned 
place where the master was driven and set 
down disconsolate, with his boxes of books, yet 
doubtless enjoying his thoughts better than 
many suppose, for he knew that behind a 
gloomy face and cynic humor he hid a large 
trust in God and hope for man, and that, 
sooner or later, men would flnd this out. We 
stand in massive Durham beside the grave of 
the Venerable Bede, struggle up the dreary- 
road from Keighly to Haworth, and are ad- 
mitted to the parlor where Charlotte Bronte's 
large dark eyes, square impending brow, and 
sad unsmiling mouth look down from her por- 
trait, and her books, with "a Bible of Emily's," 
still lie on the table. 

Two delicious chapters are devoted to the 
Lake Country, with soft Windermere in the 
front, where, at every foothold, some noble 
dwelling is placed, its rolled lawn or majestic 
park coming down to the very water's edge. 
In these ravishing descriptions, nothing lovely 
is omitted, save the smoke from English hearth- 
stones which ascends amid the leafy verdure, 
with exquisite soothing homelikeness for the 
heart of the wayfarer. We pass Fox How, 
the embowered cottage of Arnold of Rugby 
under Loughrigg Fell ; we gaze on the home of 
Wordsworfii over its thick girdle of larch-trees 
and laburnums, furnished within with every 
English comfort, but with no luxuries beyond 
the presence of books and flowers. We wan- 
der with Southey, Coleridge, Scott, Lamb, Wil- 
son, De Quinoey, along Rydal Mere, strung 
by a silver streamlet to Grasmere, so named 
" because it could not have been named any- 
thing else." 

Our author has true self-respecting Ameri- 
can feeling, as well as deep and genuine respect 
for England. There is no hesitation in speak- 
ing of the superiority of some things Ameri- 
can. New York is vastly superior to London, 
in its site as a commercial metropolis, with its 
wonderful harbor, its two deep amis of the sea 
on either side, and its magnificent bay in front. 
England is a miniature country which one can 



span from shore to shore in a summer after- 
noon. The writer had a curious impression 
on his second visit, as if London were but a 
huge aggregation of low brick buildings and 
he could stretch out his arms over the tops of 
all the houses like a city of Lilliput. This was 
no illusion of vanity, but a genuine feeling, 
bred of the wide ocean and our broad Ameri- 
can land, which gave him a momentary sense 
of triumph as a citizen of the New World. 
The stratification of English society engenders 
some useful virtues of order and reverence, 
along with the vices of mercenariness and ser- 
vility, — a stratification which the insular posi- 
tion and confined spaces of the kingdom tend to 
make permanent ; but, sooner or later, changes 
must and will come. The American principle 
of self-government gives us immense advantage 
over England and other aristocratic nations, 
but it is a perilous superiority. The English 
and French are mentally and morally antago- 
nistic ; the Englishman, the German, and the 
American are only temperamentally dissimilar. 
Mutual pride prevents the English and the 
Americans from seeing each other's good traits 
and positive resemblances. All English are 
not disagreeable, nor all Americans insuffera- 
ble. The two nations are essentiaUy one, and 
for the sake of humanity they should learn to 
know and love each other better than they do. 
There is no country which contains so much of 
absorbing interest to a thoughtful American as 
Old England, and it is especially good for his 
intensely active American nature to come in 
contact with the slower and graver spirit of 
England, gaining therefrom calmness and so- 
bered strength. 

How noble a plant is our English literature ! 
Its seed was sown long ago in German soil ; it 
shot its roots under the sea into the little island ; 
it was watered with the tears of the Celt and 
the blood of the Saxon ; it was grafted by the 
Norman sword and the French steel ; it was 
tossed by the winds and the tempests of revolu- 
tions ; it felt the quickening heat of the Ref- 
ormation ; it fruits were borne over the ocean 
into distant regions, and they have sprung up 
among us in America, where the old stock is 
flourishing under brighter suns. Because we 
read the same English Bible and sing the same 
English hymns ; because we comprehend the 
words of William Shakespeare, John Milton, 
and John Bunyan ; because we laugh and weep 
over the same pages of Hawthorne and Whit- 
tier, Thackeray and Dickens ; — this is a spir- 
itual bond more profound than commercial ties 

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and international treaties, and more present 
and vital than even past historical associations. 
Such is the author's profound and glowing 
tribute to English and American unity. 

Many other subjects are set in illuminated 
borders in these enchanted pages, and occas- 
ionally a gleam of humor plays over them like 
the lightning of a summer evening, harmless on 
the far horizon. Professor Hoppin is an accom- 
plished critic of public speaking, especiaUy of 
preaching, a practical observer of English coal 
and tin mines, of the social influence of the 
English Sabbath and the English newspaper, 
of the structure of the English Parliament, of 
the salaries of English bishops, the tendencies 
within the English Church, the prospect of 
disestablishment, land monopoly, and in close 
touch with all of the English roots of New 
England civilization. He is a thorough stu- 
dent of English education as exemplified in 
her public schools and universities, and believes 
the American college system to have, for Amer- 
icans, some practical advantages over the meth- 
ods of education in England and Germany. 
His interest in philanthropic work gives the 
reader charming descriptions of the homes of 
Florence Nightingale and Miss Marsh. His 
professorship of the history of art never ob- 
trudes itself, indeed is kept rather in the back- 
ground, though there is some suggestive criti- 
cism ; and . the scattered dissertations upon 
architecture, if collected and systematically ar- 
ranged, would form a valuable monograph on 
this subject. The American youth about to 
visit England without a knowledge of architec- 
ture, is advised to defer his visit a year until 
he knows the difference between a tower and 
a spire, a groin and a gable. 

A pleasant book, gossippy in the good sense 
of the term, to take up for a vacant hour, it 
is inspiring to read and digest thoroughly. Its 
value to the thorough reader, and as a book of 
reference to the traveller, would be materially 
enhanced by a more systematic treatment of 
its many lines of thought and information. Its 
appended itinerary of a tour in England com- 
prising the principal cathedral towns is not 
confined to cathedral towns, but meanders over 
a variety of routes to many attractive points, 
and the index lacks in fulness and precision. 
As it is, with its few faults and its many excel- 
lences, " Old England " exemplifies the endur- 
ing value of a work produced by a mind largely 
endowed and thoroughly disciplined, united 
with a highly spiritual and imaginative nature. 
Minerva B. Norton. 



Recent Fiction.* 

" The Tragic Muse " has been so long with 
us, in the pages of the ^' Atlantic Monthly,'* 
that its portentous volume, extending, in book 
form, to 882 pages, is not a matter for sur- 
prise. The reader who engages upon its peru- 
sal will, however, do so advisedly, for he knows 
by this time the limitations and the excellences 
of the author's art. On the whole, he will not 
be disappointed, for the novel takes a high rank 
among Mr. James's works. If second to any- 
thing, it is only to ^^ The Princess Casamassi- 
ma," and it is far superior to eitlier " The Bos- 
tonians " or " The Portrait of a Lady." Of 
course, there is no story worth mentioning ; 
there are merely half a dozen men and women 
engaged in protracted conversations that lead 
to nothing in particular, and they are mostly 
of rather vulgar types. And their relations 
are nearly as unsettled at the end of the 882 
pages as they were at the beginning. But they 
are all distinctly individual, and the product 
of a very delicate art. We might wish that 
art exercised upon more attractive material, 
but such a wish is well-nigh hopeless with ref- 
erence to any work by Mr. James. The hero- 
ine is a young woman of dubious origin and 
strong artistic instincts, making her way upon 
the stage by force of sheer persistence and ob- 
tuse disregard of obstacles that would have 
blocked the path of a more sensitive aspirant. 
The dramatic motive thus playing a large part 
in the story, an opportunity is offered the au- 
thor to indulge in various bits of dramatic criti- 
cism which constitute almost the most delightful 

*Thk Tbaoig Muse. By Heniy James. In Two Vol- 
umes. Boston : Houghton, BfifiUn A Go. 

The Shadow of a Dream. By W. D. Howells. New 
York : Harper & Brothers. 

The Bbouqhton House. By Bliss Perry. New York ; 
Charles Scribner's Sons. 

The Lawton Oibl. By Harold Frederic. New Y<»rk: 
Charles Scribner's Sons. 

The Beoum*s Dauohteb. By Edwin Lassetter Bynner. 
Boston : Little, Brown, A Co. 

With Fibe akd Swobd. An Historical Novel of Poland 
and Rnssia. By Henryk Sienkiewioz. Translated from the 
Polish by Jeremiah Curtin. Boston : Little, Brown, A Co. 

The CAPTAnr of the Janizabdm. By James M. Lad- 
low, D.D., Litt. D. New York : Harper & Brothen. 

Ekkehabd. a Tale of the Tenth Century. By Joseph 
Victor Yon Scheffel. Translated from the German. New 
York : W. S. Gottsberger & Co. 

Ab *Tis IN Life. By Albert Delpit. Translated from the 
French by E. P. Robins. New York : Welch. Fracker Co. 

The Ring of Amasis. A Romance. By the Bad of 
Lytton. New York : Macmillan & Co. 

Adventubes of a YotmoEB So». By Edward John Tre- 
lawny. New York : Macmillan A Co. 



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feature of the novel. We say almost, because 
one of the characters claims the first place in 
our regard. Mr. Gabriel Nash, apostle of can- 
dor and exponent of the fine art of living, is so 
genially conceived a creation that the book is 
more tiian worth reading for his sake alone. 
And it need not all be read for that purpose, 
for it is very easy to pass over the pages of 
monotonous analysis that interrupt the narra- 
tive from time to time. A chapter lost here 
and there makes little difPerence ; the chances 
are that nothing essential to the understanding 
of the story will have happened. 

At all events, the art of Mr. James, with its 
languid pace and its mannerisms, ofPers a defi- 
nite form upon which the reader may count 
with some degree of certainty. In this respect 
it is far superior to the art of Mr. Howells, 
which seems to have entered again, and indefi- 
nitely, upon the tentative stage. Mr. HoweUs's 
recent work has been of the best-intentioned, 
but still very far from satisfactory. This may 
be said with equal truth of " Annie Kilburn," 
of "A Hazard of New Fortunes," and of "The 
Shadow of a Dream," the novel, or rather nov- 
elette, that has just appeared. This book is a 
study in morbid psychology ; and morbid psy- 
chology, it must be said once for all, is not the 
forte of Mr. Howells. One thinks of Haw- 
thorne, and smiles. The epileptic, or otherwise 
diseased person, whose dream, in this story, 
overshadows three or four lives, his own in- 
cluded, does not awaken our interest, and hardly 
excites our curiosity. When he dies we feel 
happily rid of him, but even then things run 
along no more smoothly ; and the only real sat- 
isfaction provided by the book is at the point 
at which the writer wisely concludes that such 
of his characters as survive have ceased to pos- 
sess further interest for anyone. 

"The Broughton House," by Mr. Bliss 
Perry, is a New England village study having 
much of the manner of Mr. Howells but none 
of his illuminating humor. As the work of a 
beginner, it is entitled to praise for careful 
workmanship, and those who look upon fiction 
as a series of " documents " will find it praise- 
worthy upon other grounds. Perhaps it is the 
best sort of novel that a New England village 
can produce ; if so, we would suggest Amalfi 
and Samarcand as more attractive scenes, and 
even express willingness to see invention sub- 
stituted, in part, for knowledge. 

Mr. Harold Frederic's " The Lawton Girl" 
is still another village study, the scene being 
shifted to central New York. But Mr. Fred- 



eric, although he must be classed as a realist, 
is not so committed to the method as to be in- ^ 
capable of an occasional expansion of the imag- 
ination, and his story is a far stronger one than 
that just mentioned. Some of his characters, 
at least, seem to havie hot blood in their veins, 
and to be capable of some sort of passion. The 
story of the lock-out, and of the wild scenes 
consequent thereupon, is made the subject of a 
vivid piece of description ; and the author, in 
the delineation of his characters, is willing to 
leave a few details for the reader to fill in. His 
villain is a very satisfactory piece of work, and 
is let ofF far too easily, in our opinion. Besides, 
the story has considerable diversity of incident, 
and the various threads of the fabric are skil- 
fully woven. 

Mr. Bynner's story of "The Begum's Daugh- 
ter" is one of the most successful attempts yet 
made to impart a romantic interest to the old 
colonial period in this country. The scene of 
his story is laid in the New Amsterdam of two 
centuries ago, and the life of the Dutch settle- 
ment is described in an extremely animated 
fashion. There is, perhaps, some lack of apenpi^ 
and something too much of local and fleeting 
color in the narrative, but the work is both 
brilliant and interesting, and the period with 
which it deals worth our attention. 

Among recently-published works of fiction 
there are a few translations and reprints that 
call for special mention. First and most im- 
portant of these is the ma^ificent historical 
novel, "With Fire and Sword," translated from 
the Polish of Henryk Sienkiewicz by Mr. Jer- 
emiah Curtin. Here is a book indeed. There 
are nearly eight hundred closely printed pages 
in this translation, so that the work even ex- 
ceeds in volume the novel of Mr. James re- 
viewed at the head of this article. It need 
hai*dly be said that in matter any single chap- 
ter of this work easily outweighs the whole of v 
Mr. James's two volumes of fine-spun analysis. 
For the novel is rich in historical substance,- 
and its scene is placed in one of the most inter- 
esting periods of European history — a period 
as yet almost wholly unexploited by the west- 
em novelist or even historian — that of the Cos- 
sack wars of the latter half of the seventeenth 
century. Splendid almost beyond description 
is this picture from the past, with its tale of 
fierce wars and faithful loves, with its scenes 
of slaughter grim and great, with its crowded 
canvas from which, among innumerable faces 
of men known and unknown to fame, there 
emerge the heroic figure of Yeremi Vishnyev- i 

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94 



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[Aug., 



etski, the champion of the Commonwealth, the 
stern and implacable figure of Hmelnitski, 
" the ablest man in Europe at that time," and 
the contrasted figures of the four friends cre- 
ated by the imagination of the novelist him- 
self, and whose exploits inevitably suggest those 
of the immortal quartette of whom we read with 
such breathless interest in ^^ Les Trois Mous- 
quetaires." And back of these figures are the 
hosts of Pole and Cossack and Tartar, and the 
steppes and forests of Poland (now Russia) 
where the great struggle between Christian and 
Pagan was fought out. And then the language 
of the book, with its barbaric, half-oriental col- 
oring, and its romantic cast, with its vivid de- 
scriptions and its rich use of figure and pro- 
verb (aU of which qualities are admirably re- 
produced by Mr. Curtin), is aj» refreshing as 
a cool breeze on a sultry day; In short, the 
pleasure which good historical fiction ofPers to 
all healthy minds may be very fully realized in 
a perusal of this work. The author, who was 
bom in 1845, lives in Warsaw, and is one of 
the most famous Polish writers now living. It 
may be interesting to learn that, as a young 
man, he spent several years in this country, 
principally in California, and first gained a 
reputation by the publication, in the Warsaw 
newspapers, of a series of letters descriptive of 
his travels. 

It is, perhaps, a not unnatural transition 
from a romance of Southeastern Europe in the 
seventeenth century to one of the same region 
in the fifteenth century. The conquest of Con- 
stantinople by the Turks is the first chapter of 
a history that ends with the Siege of Vienna 
and the Peace of Carlowitz. The work of our 
Polish novelist touches upon some of the later 
chapters of this history, and Dr. Ludlow's "The 
Captain of the Janizaries," of which the hero 
is Seanderbeg and the closing episode the fall 
of the Eastern Empire, takes us back to the 
prologue.- Dr. Ludlow's work is a new edition 
of a novel that we had the pleasure of praising 
in these pages some years ago, when it first 
appeared. Being a work that commends itself 
to the judicious, it has, instead of being shelved 
and forgotten, grown steadily in fame. A new 
examination of the work has only served to con- 
firm us m the opinion expressed before, that it 
is one of the most remarkable pieces of histor- 
ical fiction ever produced in this countiy. 

But even Dr. Ludlow's book does not plunge 
us far enough into the past, for there awaits us 
a new translation of the " Ekkehard " of Jos- 
eph Victor von Scheffel, and, as every reader 



who has been thrilled by that opening first par- 
agraph knows, the story of " Ekkehard" is laid 
in the tenth century. It is too famous a book 
to call for any description here : for, although 
published only thirty-five years ago, it has en- 
joyed classical honors for almost that length of 
time, and is only to be compared with the great- 
est productions of historical fiction, hardly with 
anything else in German literature (unless pos- 
sibly the work of Freytag or of Felix Dahn}, 
perhaps only with the best of the Waverley nov- 
els. The present translation, which is not ac- 
knowledged, is so well done that the translator 
should have the credit of it. It contains aU 
the notes of the author. 

"As 'Tis in Life," translated from the French 
of M. Albert Delpit by Mr. E. P. Robins, is 
a novel with a somewhat misleading title, for 
it describes many things as very different from 
what they are in life ; the tragedy of the West- 
em plains, which constitutes the central feature 
of the story, being a noteworthy example of 
exaggeration and misrepresentation. We will 
observe, en passant^ that it is unfortunately not 
true to state that criminals of foreign birth, 
after having served sentences in United States 
penitentiaries, are exiled from the country. 
The whole story is a piece of rather crude sen- 
sationalism, far below the level of M . Delpit's 
best work. It is evidently intended as a study 
in the psychology of remorse, and is given a 
scientific flavor by frequent references to Ribot, 
Maudsley, and other authorities. The work is 
not without a certain skill in construction, and 
an occasional touch of force. 

" The Ring of Amafiis," by the Earl of Lyt- 
ton, must be classed among the reprints, al- 
though the author claims to have re-written the 
story. First published a quarter of a century 
ago, it marked even then a declining fashion 
in fiction, and now appears a curious survival 
of an almost forgotten t3rpe. The type in ques- 
tion is that of the mystical work of the elder 
Lord Lytton, of "A Strange Story" and " Za- 
noni." But even those works were inspired 
by something closely akin to genius, and may 
still be read with interest, which is more than 
can justly be said of "The Ring of Amasis." 
The somewhat faded laurels of Owen Meredith 
will be made none the fresher by this com- 
pound oS vague metaphysics and romantic de- 
lirium. 

In the Protestant cemetery at Rome, almost 
under the shadow of the pyramid of Caius Ces- 
tius, are the two graves to which lovers of En- 
glish poetry have made reverent pilgrimage 

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THE DIAL 



95 



for almost three-quarters of a century. A few 
years ago, in 1881, the long-undisturbed ground 
was broken by one of these graves, and the 
mortal remains of Edward J. Trelawny were 
buried at the side of his friend and fellow- 
exile, Shelley. The double grave now bears 
this inscription : 

'* These are two friends whose lives were undivided ; 
So let their memory be, now they have grlided 
Under the grave ; let not their bones be parted. 
For their two hearts in life were single-hearted." 

It is almost startling to think that Trelawny, 
who was but a few months Shelley's junior, 
should have survived him by nearly sixty years, 
and that the poet whose majestic song of "The 
Triumph of Life" was cut short by the triumph 
of a still greater conqueror might, had it not 
been for that summer squall in the Mediter- 
ranean, have lived into our own days ; that 
Browning, thrilled even half a century ago at 
sight of one who had seen Shelley in the flesh, 
might for many years have known and done 
loyal homage to his spiritual master ; and that 
the poet's vision of a golden age to come might 
have found, in our own time, even nobler ex- 
pression than that given it in the second 
" Locksley Hall." All such fancies are futile 
enough, but the name of Trelawny can hardly 
f aU to evoke them, for his " Records of Shel- 
ley, Byron, and the Author" have indissolubly 
linked his name with that of England's greatest 
lyric poet. That book is familiar enough ; far 
less familiar is the "Adventures of a Younger 
Son," the publication of which, in an entirely 
new edition, gives us occasion to speak here 
of that 

*' World-wide liberty's life-long lover, 
Lover no less of the strength of song, 
Sea-king, swordsman, hater of wrong.'' 

The "Adventures of a Younger Son" was first 
published in 1831, anonymously. How much 
of it is truth and how much fiction has never 
been exactly ascertained, but it seems, on the 
whole, to deserve classification with works of 
romance rather than with works of biography. 
It is a stirring account of adventure by land 
and sea, written in rough and often ungram- 
matical language, but infused with a rare and 
energetic vitality that makes of it one of the 
most real of narratives. Mr. Edward Garnett 
provides this new edition with an introductory 
sketch of Trelawny's life, and the volume serves 
very happily to inaugurate the new "Adventure 
Series" in which it appears. 

William Morton Payne. 



Bribfs on INTew Books. 



The Centuby Dictionary, to which The Dial 
paid its respects in September, 1889, and again in 
April, 1890, is still steadily running the longitude 
of the English vocabulary. The third volume (Cen- 
tury Company ; Chicago : McDonnell Bros.), G to L 
inclusive, is before us, and its last p^e, numbered 
3556, marks the completion of half the great task. 
The main features of this volume differ, of course, 
little from those of the two preceding volumes. The 
work gains rather than loses as it proceeds, in the 
high qualities for which it is distinguished. The 
most casual glance is struck by the solidity and fin- 
ish of the binding, the perspective of the page, the 
distinctness of the typography, the elegance, the 
number, and the appropriateness of the illnstrar 
tions. It may not be amiss to remind the reader 
that this is << an encyclopedic lexicon of the English 
language." That is, whOe neither a biographical 
dictionary nor a gazetteer, it purports to be a com- 
plete dictionary of words and things. On the side 
of language, it is distinguished by far greater ful- 
ness of detail, accuracy of etymology, and wealth 
of illustrative quotations, than our popular diction- 
aries can pretend to ; while on the side of things, it 
is a ready-reference book of the most valuable kind, 
because presenting a judicious epitome of knowl- 
edge ; the consulter of an encyclopaedia looks for 
precise outlines, not for detaUs. By eliminating 
names of persons and places, space has been secured 
for a sufficiently full treatment of whatever comes 
within the scope of this dictionary ; and the pre- 
sumption of accuracy founded upon the high repu- 
tation of the scholars responsible for the several 
departments of the work, is in the main fully borne 
out by the contents. The scope of the present vol- 
ume may be faintly indicated by reference to such 
articles as those on gaMndation, genius, geometry ^ 
German, glass, goose, Greek, hdrid, heir, hydravr 
lie, Indian^ p^ge, p^ry, Kantianism^ key, lace, 
language, lantern, law, logarithm, etc.; and to such 
important verbs as get, go, lay, let, etc., the articles 
on which fill many columns, and even pages, and 
involve innumerable quotations from five or six cen- 
turies of English literature. Two facts, indicative 
of the scholarly accuracy with which the whole work 
is executed, may be mentioned here. First, the 
source of every illustration, or the location of the 
object illustrated, is specified, whenever practicable. 
Thus, to illustrate litter, there is an engraving of a 
particular litter preserved in a particular place. 
Secondly, every illustrative quotation is credited 
not merely, as in our popular dictionaries, to its 
author, but also to its exact source, — chapter and 
verse, volume and page, act, scene, and line, being 
given, according to circumstances. It is interest- 
ing, by the way, to meet with sentences from the 
most recent reputable American authors cheek by 
jowl with scraps from old ballads and lines from 
Chaucer and other Middle English writers. For 
this dictionary treats, apparently, with equally imv 

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[Aug., 



partial fulness, all phases of our language from the 
fourteenth century down. To the student of Chau- 
cer, or of the elder dramatists, it is no less valuable 
than to the student of the latest results in science, or 
of the most recent processes in the industrial arts. 

Dr. a. p. Peabody's "Harvard Graduates whom 
I Have Known" (Houghton), while it contains cer- 
tain elements of interest to American readers in 
general, is addressed to a rather limited circle. 
Practically, only one or two of the men commemo- 
rated were of our day, and none of them achieved 
much more than a local reputation. The group, 
however, merits the attention of the general reader 
in that it is admirably illustrative of an ideal of 
life, a standard of social, political, and personal ex- 
cellence, which has left an indelible impress upon 
the national institutions — if not upon the national 
manners. The work is designed as a sequel to the 
author's " Harvard Reminiscences," and comprises 
twenty brief sketches, averaging about twelve pages 
each, of graduates of Harvard, all of whom were 
either benefactors of the college, or members of 
one or more of its governing boards. The first 
name treated is that of Joshua Fisher (1749-1833), 
and the last that of Increase Sumner Wheeler 
(1806-1888) ; and in an appendix the author has 
added brief sketches of the first two presidents of 
the college, who, as educated in the mother coun- 
try, are not included in Mr. Sibley's "Harvard 
Graduates." Perhaps the most readable papers are 
those on Charles Russell Lowell, father of the poet ; 
George Barrell Emerson, brother of Ralph Waldo, 
and one of forty-six Emersons named in the Har- 
vard Quinquennial of 1885 ; Daniel Appleton White, 
founder of the " Hasty Pudding Club "; Samuel Atr 
kins Eliot; and Nathan Dane, who drafted and 
reported the Ordinance for the Government of the 
Territory Northwest of the Ohio. Dr. Peabody's 
account of John Pierce (1773-1849) is very amus- 
ing. Dr. Pierce's devotion to his Alma Mater seems 
to have been a species of mania. When a boy he 
used to walk over to Cambridge to feast his eyes 
on the college, and he was present at sixty-three 
out of sixty-four successive Conunencements. Sev- 
eral good stories are told of the Doctor, who must 
have been something of a humorist — in the old 
sense. The author says of him : " He was easily 
moved to tears, and did not hide them ; but while 
they were raining down his cheeks at the moving 
close of an eloquent discourse, he would take out 
his great silver watch and say in broken accents to 
the persons sitting next to him, ^ Just fifty minutes,' 
or, ' Ten minutes over the hour.' " Considering the 
length of the sermons, the good man's emotion is 
not so very surprising. The volume is outwardly 
attractive, and should prove interesting to a larger 
circle of readers than its title would seem to ap- 
peal to. 

The " Statesman's Year Book " (Macmillan) has 
become as indispensable in a reference library, or 
indeed in a household that boasts only a few choice 



books, as a standard dictionary. It is the diction- 
ary of the progress of the world. It presents with 
remarkable accuracy the essential statistics of every 
government known to civilization, and affords in a 
few pages, and with scientific precision, an outline 
of every constitution and a sketch of all civil ad- 
ministrations. The history of Europe has never 
been written as truthfully as it may be found in its 
pages ; and although its reports are not as f uU for 
the countries of this hemisphere, even Americans 
caii obtain within them more information about their 
own country than they will fina with equal conven- 
ience, and placed so favorably for comparison, in any 
other compilation. The editor, Mr. Scott Keltie, 
is librarian to the Royal Geographical Society. His 
position, his training, and his knowledge of the needs 
of students, combine to make him better fitted than 
his predecessor for his arduous and interminable 
duties.. He has wholly reorganized the "States- 
man's Year Book," as will be quickly perceived by 
those familiar with its preceding annual issues. This 
year it is not only printed with new type carefully 
selected and proportioned, but the general mould is 
recast, and the new form is a great improvement 
over the old. Many states are included never be- 
fore mentioned. The official returns are procured 
from every government for its compilations ; and 
in all instances where such caution is desirable they 
have been criticised and digested by experts con- 
nected with the several governments to which they 
appertain. Only in a volume of so great scope and 
such minute accuracy can one hope to find the facts 
that enable one to keep abreast with diplomacy, ex- 
ploration, war, commerce, and discovery. The en- 
larged spheres of England, France, and Germany 
in Asia and Africa are here to be found. The vol- 
ume, which now exceeds eleven hundred pages, is 
a storehouse of resources which the scholar, the stu- 
dent, the teacher, the editor, must have at hand, in 
order to think correctly and interpret with knowl- 
edge and effect the changes that are constantly taking 
place throughout the world and the institutions that 
may be deemed permanent in every quarter of it 

Can a literature which deals freely with all that 
concerns human nature and human life be placed, 
with safety, in the hands of adolescents ? Modern 
educators are tacitly answering this question, with 
certain reservations, in the affirmative. The reser- 
vations involve a free use of the expurgator's prun- 
ing-knife, which, in the hands of the timid or the 
prudish, is apt to become a more " desperate hook " 
than that of '' slashing Bentley." Mr. William 
Roscoe Thayer, in his edition of " The Best Eliza- 
bethan Plays " (Ginn), has attempted to make the 
plain-spoken old dramatists conform to the modern 
taste for the naughty thought without the naughty 
word. Of course, he has exercised great freedom 
in clipping and grafting. For example, in Beau- 
mont and Fletcher's " Philaster," Megra's waiting- 
women are designated (by Mr. Thayer) as "wicked." 
This being obviously a false note,a^like Professor 

_ igitized by v^nOC ^^ - ~ 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



97 



Skeat*8 celebrated change of " concubyn " to " wik- 
ked sin," — the reader consults the correct text and 
finds the word " bawds." Elsewhere, however, Mr. 
Thayer freely admits this word ; perhaps he objects 
to it only when used in a Pickwickian sense. The 
difficult words which remain are explained at the 
foot of the page, where, also, the confiding reader 
is admonished when to frown and when to admire. 
It is doubtful whether any critic will agree with 
this editor that the five plays selected — <^ The Jew 
of Malta," "The Alchemist," "Phihister," "The 
Two Noble Kinsmen," " The Duchess of Malfi,"— 
are absolutely the masterpieces of Shakespeare's 
great contemporaries. He says, indeed, Uiat he 
thinks " Volpone " superior to " The Alchemist," 
but was forced to exclude the former on account of 
its coarseness. But what are we to think of an ed- 
itor who is capable of passing over " Edward II." 
and " Doctor Faustus," and of selecting " The Jew 
of Malta " as the supreme illustration of Marlowe's 
genius ? In spite of, and partly by reason of, these 
objectionable features, this volume will be found 
useful in schools where the anatomy of the soul, 
like that of the body, is studied without reference 
to the reproductive functions. Men and women to 
whom literature is something real and deeply re- 
lated to life itself, will prefer to know the old drar 
matists as they are, or not know them at all. 

A NEW series, entitled " Heroes of the Nations," 
published by Messrs. Putnam's Sons, and edited by 
Evelyn Abbott of Balliol College, begins with " Nel- 
son," by Clark Russell. The choice of this biog- 
rapher for Nelson is as happy as that of Forbes for 
Havelock. Clark Russell is, after Hermann Mel- 
ville, the one writer of seartales whose searlore never 
fails him, for even Fenimore Cooper and Maryatt 
write occasionally like land-lubbers. Russell is thor- 
oughly saturated with the sea, and has, moreover, 
a most attractive style. His " Nelson " is a book 
that any boy will thrill over, and that any mature 
mind may read to advantage. This portraiture of 
England's greatest naval commander is written in a 
discerning and discriminating spirit, and furnishes 
us, consequently, not a made-up book, but a genuine 
contribution to biographical literature. Not only 
are we shown the large and noble nature of the man 
who was beloved by everybody, from colleague to 
Jack Tar, but the military traits which made him 
the g^at admiral are brought out forcibly in the 
narrative of his sea-fights, as well as summed up in 
the statement that "his great theory of warfare 
consisted in swiftness of resolution, in dashing at 
the enemy, in getting alongside of him, as close as 
channels or yard-arms would permit, and in firing 
until he struck or was annihilated." Much of the 
rodomontade which the legend-makers have put 
into the mouth of Nelson is summarily disposed of, 
while the one blot on his character — ^the intrigue 
with Lady Hamilton — is handled in a sound and 
manly manner. The pretty and appropriate initial 
and tail pieces of each chapter, the full-page illus- 



trations, the paper beautiful in quality and tint, the 
broad mar^ns, and the excellent typography, all 
combine with the matter and the manner to make 
this a delightful book to soul and to sense. 

What a happy collocation : a life of Havelock 
by Archibald Forbes — the ideal soldier pictured by 
the ideal .war reporter! Had Archibald Forbes 
been bom somewhat earlier, instead of riding with 
Grourko at Shipka Pass and with Skobeleff at Plevna, 
he would have been with Salkeld at the Delhi Grate 
and with Havelock at the Bailey Guard of Luck- 
now. We have in this latest life of Havelock (Mac- 
millan's " English Men of Action") the best because 
the truest. As the book contains the only authen- 
tic portrait published, so it shows us for the first 
time Havelock the fighting man just as men of ac- 
tion saw him and knew him. We do not disparage 
his former biographers when we say that it needed 
an old campaigner to estimate him at his true worth, 
to strip from his portraiture a certain sentimental- 
ized gloss which has somewhat concealed his true 
features, and to put before the public this superb 
portrayal of " the old saint," who " held fast by his 
earnest piety through evil as through good report," 
of whom it is further said : " Hoping against hope 
through the years, his hair had whitened, his fine 
regular features had sharpened, and the small spare 
figure had lost the suppleness though not the erect- 
ness of its prime ; but his eye had not waxed dim ; 
neither, at sixty-two, and after forty-two years of 
soldiering, thirty-four of which were Indian service, 
was his natural force abated. He was the man of 
greatest military culture then in India." As one 
reads again the story of Havelock's heroic " relief " 
the blood thrills anew, for the admirable style of 
this master of narrative English was never better 
displayed than in this little sketch. 



Books of the Month. 



[The folloyfing list includes ail books received by The Dial 
during the month of July, 1890,] 

LITERARY MISCELLANY-BIOGRAPHY. 

The Gorreepondenoe and Public Papers of John Jay, 
First Chief-Justioe of the United States, etc., etc. 1763- 
1781. Edited by Henry P. Johnston, A. M. In Four 
Volumes. Vol. 1. Royal 8vo, pp. 461. Uncut. Gilt 
top. O. P. Putnam's Sons. $5.00. 

Patriotic Addressee in America and England, from 1850 to 
1885, on Slayery, the Civil War. and tne Development of 
Civil Liberty m the United States. By Henry Ward 
Beeoher. Edited, with a Review of Mr. Beecher's Per^ 
sonal Influence in Public Affairs, by John R. Howard. 
With Frontispeioe Portrait. 8vo, pp. 857. D. Lothrop 
Co. 82.00. 

The Collected Wrltlncrs of Thomas De Qulncey. By 
David Masson. New and Enlarged Edition, In 14 Vols. 
Vols. VIII. and IX., SpecuUtive and Theological Es- 
says; Political Economy and Politics. 16mo. illustrat- 
ed. Uncut. MacmUbin<&Co. Per Vol., $1.25. 

Views and Reviews. Essays in Appreciation. By W. £. 
Henley. 18mo, pp. 235. Qilt top. Uncut. Charles 
Soribner's Sons. $1.00. 

Northern Studies. By Edmund Gosse. 16mo, pp. 268. 
Uncut. A. Lovell & Co. 40 cents. 



, igitized by 



Google 



98 



THE DIAL 



[Aug., 



Boston UziltarianlBm. 1820-1850. A Stnd;^ df the Life 
and Work of Nathaniel Langdon Frothingham. Bv 
Octayins Brooks Frothingham. 12rao, pp. 272. G. P. 
Patnam's Sods. $1.75. 

Dictionary of National Blosrraphy. Edited by Leslie 
Stephen and Sidney Lee. Vol. XXIII. Grav — Haigh- 
ton. Large 8vOt PP* 4^* Oilt top. Macmillan & Co. 
$3.76. 

Marie Antoinette and the End of the Old Regime. By 
Imbert de Saint-Amand. Translated by Thomas Ser- 
geant Perry. With Frontispiece Portrait. 12mo, pp. *KK). 
Charles Soribner's Sons. $1 .25. 

Lord Clive. By Colonel Sir Charles Wilson. IGmo, pp. 221. 
Macmillan^s "" English Men of Action.^' 60 cents. 

FICTION, 

The Aztec Treasure-House. A Romance of Conteraporar 
neons Antiquity. By Thomas A. Janvier. Illustrated. 
12mo, pp. 446. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. 

Snap: A Legend of the Lone Mountain. By C. Phillips 
WooUey, author of ^^Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus.'^ 
Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 310. ■ Longmans, Green, & Co. 

$1.50. 

The Blind Musician. By Vladimir Korolenko. Translated 
from the Russian by Aline Delano. With an Introduc- 
tion by George Kennan and Illustrations by Edmund H. 
Garrett. 16mo, pp. 244. Uncut. Little, Brown, A Co. 
$1.50. 

Armorel of Lyonesee. A Romance of To-Day. By Wal- 
ter Besant, author of *' For Faith and Freedom.** Dlus- 
trated. 12mo, pp. 396. Harper A Brothers. $1.25 ; 
Pai>er, 50 cents. 

With the Best Intentions: A Midsummer Episode. Bv 
Marion Harland. 16mo, pp. 303. Charles ScribnerVi 
Sons. $1.00. 

Hermit Island. By Katherine Lee Bat«s, author of the 
$1000 Prize Story ''Rose and Thorn.*' Illustrated. 12nio, 
pp. 346. D. Lothrop Co. $1.25. 



The Story of an JJgly Woman. By 



Bella's Blue-Book: 

Marie Calm. Translated from the German by Mrs. 
W. Davis. Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 301. Uncut. Wor- 
thington Co. $1.25. 

The Bank Tra«redy. By Mair R. P. Hatch. With Frontr 
ispiece. 12mo, pp. 427. Welch, Fracker Co. 

All Sorts and Conditions of Men. An Impossible Story. 
By Walter Besant, author of *' For Faith and for Free- 
dom.** Illustrated. 8vo, pp. 412. Paper. Harper's 
''Franklin Square Library.** 50 cents. 

Katy of Oatoctin. By George Alfred Townsend, author of 
"The Entailed Hat.** 16mo, pp. 567. Appleton*s " Town 
and Country Library.** 50 cents. 

Throckmorton. A Novel. By Molly Elliot Seawell. 16mo. 
pp. 304. Appleton*B "Town and Country Library.'^ 
50 cents. 

Written in Bed ; or. The ConspinMv in the North Case. (A 
Story of Boston.) By Charles Howard Montasue and C. 
W. Dyer. 16mo, pp. 3^35. Paper. Cassell Publishing 
Co. 50 cents. 

An Artlst-s Honor. Translated by £. P. Robins from the 
French of Octave Feuillet, author of "The Romance of a 
Poor Young Man.** 16mo, pp. 264. Paper. Cassell 
Publishing Co. 50 cents. 

Pearl-Powder. A Novel. By Annie Edwards. 12mo, 
pp. 414. Paper. Lippincott*s "Select Novels.** 50 
cents. 

Lucie's Mistake. By W\ Heimburg. Translated by Mrs. 
J. W. Davis. Illustrated. 12mo, pp. :J04. Paper. Woi- 
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Were They Sinners? By Charles J. Bellamy, author of 
"An Experiment in Marriage.** 12mo, pp. 219. "Auth- 
or's Library.** Author*8 Publishing Co. 50 cents. 

JUVENILE, 

Five Little Peppers Midway. A Sequel to " Five Little 
Peppers and How They Grew.'* By Margaret Sidney, 
author of "Our Town.** Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 512. 
D. Lothrop Co. $1.50. 



POETEY. 

The Findiner of the Gnosis, or Apotheosis of an Ideal. An 

Interior Life-Drama. Authorized Version. 16mo, pp. 

74. Occult Publishing Co. 50 cents. 
Shadows and Ideals. Poems by Francis S. Saltus. With 

Portrait. 8vo, pp. 366. Uncut. Gilt top. C. W. Moul- 

ton. 

TRA V EL- ADVENTURE, 

In and Out of Central Americct, and other Sketches of 
Study and Travel. By Frank Vincent, author of "Around 
and About South America.** With Maps and Illustra- 
tions. 12mo, pp. 246. D. Appleton <& Co. 82.00. 

A Social Departure. How Orthodocia and I Went Round 
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Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 417. D. Appletou A Co. $1.75. 

Madftgaflcar; or. Robert Drury*s Journal, during Fifteen 
Years of Captivity on that Island. With a Further De- 
scription of Madagascar by the Abb^ Alexis Rochon. 
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field Oliver, R. A., author of "Madagascar.** Illustrated. 
8vo, pp. 3i^. Uncut. Macmillan*s "Adventure Series.** 
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ED UCATION-TEXT-BOOES, 

Education in Alabama. 1702-1889. By Willis G. Cbrk. 
8vo, pp. 281. Paper. "American Educational History,*' 
No. 8. Government Printing: Office. 

Federal and State Aid to Hi£[her Education in the Uni- 
ted States. By Frank W. Blackmar, Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 
343. Paper. '^Am. Educational History,'* No 9. Gov- 
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The Directional Calculus. Baaed upon the Methods of 
Herman Graasmann. By E. W. Hyde. 8vo, pp. 247. 
Ginn A Co. $2.15. 

Lonerman'B School Geography for North America. By 
George G. Chishohn, M.A., B.Sc., and C. H. Leete, B.A. 
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Co. 81.25. 

The lieadinsr Facts of American History. By D. H. 
Montgomery. Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 402. Ginn A Co. 
81.10. 

Structural and Systematic Botany. For High Schools 
and Elementary College Courses. By Douglas Houghton 
CampheU, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 253. Ginn <& Co. $1.15. 

Deutsche LiteratTirGreechichte. To A. D. 1100. For Uni- 
versities, Colleges, and Academies. By Carla Wencke- 
bach. 16mo, pp. 200. Paper. D. C. Heath A Co. 
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REFERENCE, 

Beforence Handbook for Readers, Students, and Teaohera 
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Bnerlish-Esklmo and Eakimo-Kngliah Vocabularies. 
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Office. 

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STUDIES, 

The Canal and the Railway, with a Note on the Develop- 
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James, Ph.D. With a Paper on Canals and their Eco- 
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A.M., C.E. 8vo, pp. 85. Paper. Publications Am. Eco- 
nomic A8s*n. 81 .00. 

Practical Sanitary and Economic Cookiner. Adapted 
to Persons of Moderate and Small Means. By Mrs. Mair 
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Ass*n. 40 cents. 

MISCELLANEO US. 

Harmony in Praise. Compiled and Edited by Mills Whit- 
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&Co. 81.05. 

ParalfiBa: The Fmding of Christ throudb Art ; or, Richard 
Wagner as Theologian. By Albert Ross Parsons. 8vo, 
pp. 113. G. P. Putnam*8 Sons. 81.00. 



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" In spite of the absurd claims advanced on the one 
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« We record with pleasure the completion of the tenth 
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« The Dial is the Journal de luxe among American 
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^ElV FICTION. 

With Fire and Sword. 

A U^ew Historical tf^ovel of great power and 
interest, now first translated from the orig- 
inal of HENRYK SIENKIEIVICZ by JERE- 
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Time : 1648-16^1. Crown 8vo, cloth, ^2.00. 

This Brilliant Romance Attbacts Attention 

£yEBTWHERE, AND IS UNIVERSALLY PrAISED 

BY THE Press. 

«« Wonderful in its strength and picturesqueness.'* — 
Boston Courier, 

" One of the most brilliant historical novels ever 
written." — Christian Union, 

**A romance which once read is not easily forgotten." 
Literary World. 

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« He exhibits the sustained power and sweep of nai^ 
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The BEGUM'S Daughter. 

By Edwin L. Btnner, author of « Agnes Surriage." 

Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. 

An historical novel, founded upon early Dutch life in New 
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THE BLIND MUSICIAN. 

Translated from the Russian of Vladimir Korolknko, 
by Aline Delano, with an Introduction by George 
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' cloth, gilt top, 81.25. 

"He has succeeded marvellously." — Stepniak. 

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" Hard indeed would be the heart not reached and touched 

by this idyllic narrative. ... * The Blind Musician^ well 

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Five Hundred Dollars, 

AND OTHER STORIES OF NEW ENGLAND 
LIFE. By Heman White Chaplin. New Edi- 
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" Come and take choice of all my Lihrary, and so bes^ule 
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A GREAT NATIONAL WORK. 

Tbe Library of American Literature 

By E. C. Stedman and E. M. Hutchinson. 

WAsmNQTON, Dec. 20, 18B9. 
I do not see how any school in America can spare this work 
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The " Library of American Literature" is an admirable 
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Yale University, Apr. 24, 1890. 

Prices and Terms fixed within the reach of all. Send fob 
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EXPATRIATION. 

A TALE OF ANGLOMANIACS. By the author of " Akistocracy." 12mo. 
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WHAT THE PRESS SAYS OF ^'ARISTOCBACYr 

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anonymous skit called < Aristoci*acy.' " 

The Tribune says : << This is undoubtedly an amusing book." 
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/// the Town and Country Library: 

Throckmorton. 

By Molly Elliot Sea well. Paper cover, 
price, 50 cents ; specially bound in cloth, 
price, $1.00. 

A new American Novell presenting a strong 
study of contrasting characters, by an author 
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ground — the Virginia of the years immediately 
following the war. 



An Unconventional Travel-'^ook. 

A SOCIAL Departure: 

How Orthodocia and I went Hound the World, 
by Ourselves. By Sarah Jeannette Dun- 
can. With 112 Illustrations. 12mo, cloth, 
price, f 1.75. 

<< The reader who does not have < a good time ' over 
< A Social Departure' must have a blunted appreciation 
of fun and pluck. There is not a dull page in it. The 
story is told with wonderful dash and cleverness, and 
the illustrations are as good as the text." — Scotsman. 



THE WHITE MOUNTAINS. 

A GUIDE TO THEIR INTERPRETATION. With a Map of the Mountains and Ten 
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Mr. Ward has spent his summer vacations in the White Mountains for several yeai-s, and 
has entered deeply into their life and meaning. This book is both a guide to a better knowl- 
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In and Out of central 
America; 

And Other ^Sketches and ^Studies of Travel, 
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and About 'South America," etc. With 
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'< Few living travellers have had a literary success 
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Internatbnal Education Series. 

Edited by William T. Harris, A.M., LL.D., 
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VOL. XV. 

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EDUCATIONAL. 



JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. 

Baltimobb, MaBTIiAITD. 

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For Young Ladies and Children. Sixteenth year begins 
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"TO AUTHORS.— The New York Bureau of Revmion 
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THERE'S NO SECRET 

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"ACROSS THE JINDES." 

Describes aioumey made in January, 1890, along: the line of 
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PORT TARASCON : The Last Adventures of the Ii/- 
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RECENT DISCOVERIES op PAINTED GREEK SCULP- 
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY IN 1890. By Charles Eliot 
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THE BfETRIC SYSTEM. By H. W. Richardson. 

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16mo, cloth, ornamental, $1.00. 

^ A story of humble life in an Italian fishing village, dealing 

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MARIA : A South American Romance. By Jorge 
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THE BEGINNINGS OF NEW ENGLAND; 
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THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE. In the 

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SAMUEL ADAMS DRAKE'S 'BEAUTIFUL S^E^V 'BOOK: 

THE PINE TREE COAST. 

DESCRIBING and illustrating the peerless scenery, quaint old seaports, and romantic story of the 
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/ vol., 8vo, cloth, gilt, unique stamping, . f^.oo 
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A Didtionary of Music and Musicians. 

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Digitized by V:iOOQIC 



THE DIAL 



Vol. XI. SEPTEMBER, 1890. No. 125. 



COXTENT8. 

A MODERN ROMAN. John J. Ilcdsey HI 

THE PROBLEM OF THE NORTHMEN AND THE 

SITE OF NORUMBEOA. Ju/tiM E. Olson . . 112 

NEW VIEWS OF RUSSIA. Auhertine Woodward 

Moore 115 

THE DARK PROBLEM OF THE DARK CONTI- 
NENT. JatMs F. Clckflin 117 

BRIBES ON NEW BOOKS 119 

Nettle»bip'8 The EsBays of Mark Pattiaon.-- Koro- 
lenko's The Blind Muliician.— Asa Turner and His 
Timee.— James's The Federal Constitution of Switi- 
erland.— Wilson's State and Federal GoTemments of 
the United States.— Chester's Girls and Women.— 
Perry's Sainl^Amand's The Happy Days of the^Em- 
press Biarie Louise. 

ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS 121 

BOOKS OF THE MONTH 126 



A Modern Roman.* 



John Jay was the serenest personage of our 
Revolutionary period. The short clear-cut de- 
cided name is a fitting symbol for the man 
whom old John Adams called " a Roman." 
He has come down to us as ^^ a cold austere 
man, with all the classic virtues, but also with 
much of classic remoteness from ordinary hu- 
manity.'' Mr. Pellew's life of his great-grand- 
father reveals the warm friendships and devoted 
home-life of this publicly imperturbable man, 
and yet only fortifies the conviction that John 
Jay was unique among the fathers of the re- 
public in equanimity, " deliberate valor," and 
absolute poise of character. Next to Wash- 
ington and Hamilton, no man's services to the 
young nation were more important than Jay's, 
whether as Revolutionary leader, member of 
the State Constituent Convention, President 
of the Continental Congress, Secretary for For- 
eigjn Affairs, envoy to foreign courts, or Chief 
Justice of our Supreme Court. In the earlier 

*ThK COBBX8FOia>ENCE AITD PuBUC PaPBBS OF JoHN 

Jat. Edited hy Henry P. Johnston. In Four Volumes. Vol. 
I. New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons. 

JoHK Jat. By George Pellew. ''American Statesmen'* 
Series. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin'^ Co. 



days he did much to stimulate and hold* his na- 
tive state to an energetic and patriotic course, 
while his essentially legal mind made him con- 
.servative in theory as in conduct, whether he, 
as a member of the revolutionary Committee 
of Safety, was handling recalcitrant Tories, or 
in the State Convention was drafting that Con- 
stitution which has been designated by a high 
authority as ^^ essentially the model of the na- 
tional government under which we live." As 
a member of the Continental Congress, he was 
the one above all others to whom such large- 
minded statesmen as Robert Morris, Edward 
Rutledge, Hamilton, and Washington looked 
and wrote, as not only the coolest head and 
sincerest patriot in that body, but as the man 
of soundest judgment, deepest insight, and 
largest influence for the nation's welfare. As 
a negotiator of the peace with England, his in- 
flexible and calm determination in the face of 
Spanish g^ed, French neglect, and English 
obstinacy, won terms which aroused wonder 
and admiration not only at the French court 
but even in England. His famous treaty of 
1794 was but the codicil to the former one, 
and was remarkably favorable to the United 
States, which at that time could sue but not 
dictate. By his decision, as Chief Justice, in the 
famous case of Chisholm vs. State of Georgia, 
he forever introduced into practical poUtics the 
doctrine of the national sovereignty, and laid 
the foundation on which John Marshall built 
for a third of a century. 

All this is familiar history, yet the printed 
evidence for it at first hand has hitherto been 
largely confined to a limited selection from 
Jay's papers, long since out of print, and there- 
fore costly in proportion to its completeness. 
Every student of history is a debtor to Profes- 
sor Johnston and his publishers for this beau- 
tiful edition of Jay's papers, to be completed 
in four octavo volumes uniform in style with 
the recent editions of Hamilton, Franklin, and 
Washington. One could wish that the pub- 
lishers had put as substantial a backing on the 
Jay and the Washington as on the Hamilton, 
but aside from this slight defect the volumes 
are a luxury to the eye. This first volume of 
the Jay papers is brought down oplj to the 
beginning of 1781, yet one may form a fair 
estimate of the man from its varied contents — 
pronunciamentos, state papers, briefs^-Qf na- ^ 

_._._. Google 



112 



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[Sept., 



tional policy, letters to and from the fathers 
of the republic, intermingled with affectionate 
epistles to near relatives and wife. Probably 
the most interesting contents are the official 
notes of Jay's ingenuous and naive confer- 
ence with the Spanish minister, Count Florida 
Blanca, and the famous letter from Washing- 
ton to Jay in regard to the Gates cabal, with. 
Jay's reply. The Washington letter is now 
for the first time published just as its writer 
penned it, for Mr. Ford's volumes have not 
yet reached that date. We could wish that 
Professor Johnston had given us certain im- 
portant letters not here published, such as the 
one in reference to the scene in Congress over 
the Deane imbroglio, which brought Jay to 
the presiding chair of that body, and those of 
March 5 and 17, 1779, so charming as revelar 
tions of the tender relations of his home life. 
But the editor had the difficult task of selec- 
tion from a treasure-house before him, and has 
managed to give us a rich collection. 

Mr. Pellew writes for us an appreciative 
sketch of his great ancestor. Apparently he 
is " to the manner born," for he writes himself 
down a '^ mugwump," and undertakes to show 
that his worthy grandsire was an olden type 
to this nineteenth century antitype. We are 
glad to have so good a memoir of Jay, for the 
book sets forth in convenient and acceptable 
form his characteristics as a conservative Whig 
leader, a Revolutionary leader, a constructive 
statesman, as presiding officer of Congi*ess, 
governor, diplomatist, and jurist. Nearly a 
third of the pages is wisely given to the import- 
ant peace negotiations after the war, and Mr. 
Pellew vmdicates against Sparks and Cabot 
Lodge Jay's conduct in these negotiations. He 
clearly shows him, not as an obstructionist and 
meddler coming in at a late hour to upset the 
negotiations so nearly completed by Franklin, 
but rather as a leader of his venerable colleague 
in independence and assertion, and as solely 
responsible for the conclusion which was so fa- 
vorable to the United States that '^ De Ver- 
gennes wrote to Rayneval that the English had 
rather bought a peace than made one, and that 
their concessions exceeded anything he had be- 
lieved possible ; and Rayneval replied that the 
treaty seemed to him like a dream." 

Some matters remain for criticism. The au- 
thor has written Zwengler for Zenger on page 
18, and Rhode for Long Island on page 83 ; 
on page 310 we find pavilion is misspelled paj)- 
illon^ with a very funny effect ; and on page 
289, 17S^J should be 179J. We think the 



writer would be puzzled to find the passes 
" between the Hudson and Albany" spoken of 
on page 62. To speak of Count Florida Blanca 
in 1780 as "the clever young diplomat" is 
hardly fair to the fifty-two years of worldly 
experience of that wily courtier. Nor is it fair 
to Jay, in discussing his financial letter to the 
States in 1779, to say : " It stated simply the 
causes of depreciation, which was held in this 
case to be artificial^ or due to lack of confidence 
in the government, and not natural [or] due 
to excessive issue." (It has been necessary to 
amend Mr. Pellew's English to make it clear.) 
What Jay said in his letter was : " The depre- 
ciation of bills of credit is always either natu- 
ral, or artificial, or both. The latter is our 
case." Here, evidently, latter refers back to 
both. Jay goes on to discuss the rationale of 
a natural depreciation from an inflated circu- 
lation, and then adds : ^' The artificial depre- 
ciation is a more serious subject, and merits 
minute investigation." This depreciation he 
lays to the charge of loss of confidence. We 
do not defend his distinction. We only ask 
for correct citation. j^,,^ j^ Halsey. 



The Problem of the Xorthmen axi> 
THE Site of Xorumbega.* 



In 1888, Mr. Horsford published a work 
entitled, * 'Disco veiy of America by Northmen : 
Address at the Unveiling of the Statue of Leif 
Erikson, Delivered in Faneuil Hall October 
29, 1887." Against this work Justin Winsor 
quotes Bancroft's opinion that ** though Scan- 
dinavians may have reached the shores of Lab- 
rador, the soil of the United States has not one 
vestige of their pi'esence." This, Mr. Winsor 
adds, " is as true now as when first written." 
Concerning this same work, Mr. Winsor says in 
his " Nan*ative and Critical History of Amer- 
ica ": 

<* Nothing could be slenderer than the alleged corre- 
spondences of lang^iages ; and we can see in Horsford's 
* Discovery of America by Northmen * to what a fanci- 
ful extent a confident enthusiasm can carry it. . . . 
The most incautious linguistic inferences, and the most 
uncritical cartographical perversions, are presented by 
Eben Norton Horsford. "—[Vol. I., page 98.] 

* The Probl£M of the Northmen : A lietter to Judge 
Daly, the President of the American Geographical Society. 
By Eben Norton Horsford. Boston: Houghton, MifSin A 
Co. 

The Discovery of the Ancient Crrsr of Nobumbboa : 
A Communication to the President and Council of the Amer- 
ican Geographical Society, at their Special Sesnon in Water> 
town, November 21, 1889. By Eben Norton Horsford. Boston: 
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 



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It is to these words of Mr. Winsor, together 
with the opinion of a committee of the Massa- 
chusetts Historical Society, adverae to the plan 
of erecting a monument to Leif Erikson, that 
Mr. Horsford replies in his brochure entitled, 
'' The Problem of the Northmen." Mr. Hors- 
ford believes, and thinks he can prove, that 
the Northmen were as far south as Massachu- 
setts. New England historical writers on this 
subject are still groping in the dark, for as a 
matter of fact Mr. Bancroft, Mr. Winsor, the 
committee of the Massachusetts Historical So- 
ciety, and Mr. Horsford, are all wrong. Mr. 
Bancroft is not an authority on this question. 
He is not familiar with the Vinland sagas, or 
he would not have set them aside as ^^ mytho- 
logical " — a most inappropriate word. Mr. 
Winsor is incomparably better equipped to 
render an opinion, and ought not to have given 
his readers an opportunity for thinking that 
he too believed with Mr. Bancroft that the 
Northmen reached no further south than Lab- 
rador. Here Mr. Horsford scores a point 
against Mr. Winsor. It is to be regretted that 
Mr. Winsor has not obtained for his monu- 
mental work on American history the latest re- 
.sults of Scandinavian scholarship on the ques- 
tion of the Norse discoveries. Unfortunately, 
none of the New England scholars who have 
treated the subject have a knowledge of Old 
^orse, the language of the sagas. He who 
would speak with authority on this matter must 
have a comprehensive knowledge of Icelandic, 
or Old Norse, literature, and furthermore, he 
must, in his investigations, apply the compara- 
tive and critical methods of modern historical 
research. 

Kafn, the Danish antiquarian, in his ^^ An- 
tiquitates Americana;," published in 1837, was 
the first to collect the sagas and fragments re- 
lating to the Vinland voyages, and, although 
unfortunate, it is not very strange that he did 
not thoroughly understand his materials. If 
he had understood them, the question of the 
Norse discoveries in America would have been 
settled, and there would have been no provoca- 
tion for Mr. Winsor to say : 

« The more these details are scanned in the different 
sagas, the more they confuse the investigator; and the 
more successive relators try to enlighten us, the more 
our doubts are strengthened, till we end with the con- 
viction that all attempts at consistent enravelment leave 
nothing but a vague sense of something somewhere 
done." 

Mr. Winsor would have been wise had he given 
more prominence to Rev. Edmund F. Slafter's 
opinion as found in his introduction to " Voy- 



ages of the Northmen to America," which, 
though brief, is the most scholarly presentation 
of this subject in the English language. He 
says that an investigation of the question makes 
it "easy to believe that the narratives con- 
stained in the sagas are true in their general 
outlines and important features." Higginson's 
" Larger History of the United States " also 
has a very excellent chapter on the Norse dis- 
coveries. 

Before completing his " Antiquitates Amer- 
icanse " Rafn had considerable correspondence 
with American scholars, and hence the result 
of his labors was awaited with great interest. 
Higginson says : 

« I can well remember, as a boy, the excitement pro- 
duced among Harvard College professors when the pon- 
derous volume called Antiquitates AmericaruB, contain- 
ing the Norse legends of ^Vinland,' with the translations 
of Professor Rain, made its appearance on the library 
table." 

This is sufficient to show that the work received 
attention. The subject was not treated with in- 
difference among scholars except by a few who 
" shrank from the innovation." The American 
mind was in a mood to be convinced. Hence, 
the fact that considerable doubt still prevails 
is not so much the fault of American as of 
Northern scholars, especially Rafn. He claimed 
too much, not only in regard to the Newport 
tower and the Dighton Writing Rock, but also 
for the Old Norse records. He took for granted 
that all the sagas and fragments which refer to 
the Vinland voyages are reliable except in some 
minor points, — a view which modem historical 
scholarship has shown to be untenable. There 
is a saga that gives a simple and trustworthy 
account of these expeditions, but it took care- 
ful study to determine which saga contained 
the original story. A rolling stone gathers no 
moss, but a rolling story (if I may use the ex- 
pression) gathers details and gains embellish- 
ments. This is what the Vinland story did. 
Unfortunately, Rafn gave the first place in 
his work to the variants instead of to the sim- 
ple unadorned tale. And even of this he did 
not print what is now considered far the best 
text. 

Space forbids my attempting to give in this 
review the result of the latest researches in this 
field. This much, however, may be stated : In 
the year 1000, Leif Erikson, on a voyage from 
Norway to Greenland, was driven out of his 
course and discovered the American continent. 
That part of the continent which he called Vin- 
land there are excellent rea.sons for believing | 

-igitizedby _ _ ..^^VlC 



114 



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[Sept., 



was the peninsula of Nova Scotia. He collected 
various specimens of the products of the coun- 
try and proceeded to Greenland, where his story 
of the new land induced others to visit it. Those 
who naade the first attempt were unsuccessful ; 
but in 1003, Thoi-finn Karlsevne, with three 
ships and one hundred and forty men, found 
the land and remained there about three years. 
On account of troublesome natives and internal 
discord, he left the country in the summer of 
1007. This is the barest outline of a saga 
which is not only of historic interest, but " a 
very charming story in itself, abounding in 
beautiful scenes and well-told incidents," with 
a charm of style and beauty of diction which 
its variants and the various fragmentary ac- 
counts do not possess. 

Mr.Horsford has undertaken to make a fina] 
settlement of this much-disputed question. He 
insists that he has found the exact spot where 
Leif and his successors landed. It is vain to 
be dogmatic in discussing the landfalls of early 
explorers. Mr. Horsford disregards the prin- 
cipal canons of criticism in this field of re- 
search, and asserts that Leif 's booths were on 
the Charles River near Boston. His writings, 
in their ^' wealth of cartographical adornment 
and sumptuousness of page," at first throw one 
off his guard, but it is not necessary to read 
far before it becomes evident that on points 
where there is occasion for deep shadings of 
doubt Mr. Horsford is dogmatic, and that his 
acquaintance with the literature of the subject 
is superficial. A careful perusal of his three 
published works will scarcely leave any doubt 
in the mind of anyone conversant with this 
question that the author's conclusions are thor- 
oughly unreliable. It is necessary to say this, 
eager though one may be to find legitimate 
fruits of such commendable enthusiasm as Mr. 
Horsford displays in his studies. 

" The Problem of the Northmen " is, in the 
1, a defense of the author's methods of 



mam. 



studying geographical problems. He speaks 
of having found Leif 's landing-place, and cou- 
ples this claim with the solution of another dis- 
puted question in American history : the site 
of Fort Norumbega. He says : 

« The site of Koriunbega was first found in the liter- 
ature of the subject, and when I had eliminated every 
douht of the locality that I coidd find, I drove with a 
friend through a region I had never hefore visited, of 
the topography of which I knew nothing, nine miles 

away, directly to the remains of the Fort 

In a certain sense there was in this discovery the fulfil- 
ment of a prophecy. On the basis of the literature 
of the subject, I had predicted the finding of Fart Nor- 



umbega at a particular spot. I went to the spot and 
found it.*' 

The memorials that the author claims to 
have found are the remains of two long log- 
houses and some huts, together with the re- 
mains of some fish-pits and dams. It is Mr. 
Winsor's opinion that a trading-post and fort 
were erected there by the French in the early 
part of the sixteenth century. The subject of 
these remains, alluded to in the ^^ Problem of 
the Northmen," Mr. Horsford treats in detail 
in his last work, " The Discovery of the An- 
cient City of Norumbega." The author says 
that there have always been before the world 
certain grand geographical problems ; among 
them these : Where were Vinland and Norum- 
bega ? He solves both problems with one deft 
stroke : Yinland and Norumbega are identical ! 

To commemorate the alleged discovery, Mr. 
Horsford has erected, at his own expense, at 
Watertown, near the mouth of Stony Brook 
(a tributary of the Charles), an antique stone 
tower. This, he thinks, will invite criticism, 
excite interest in that field of archseological 
investigation, and finally allay that skepticism 
which would deprive Massachusetts of th6 gloiy 
of holding the landfall of Leif Erikson, and of 
being the seat of the earliest colony of Euro- 
peans in America. 

Mr. Horsford locates Vinland f i-om the terms 
in the sagas, which, he says, are as descriptive 
as a chart. He contends that Norumbega is a 
corruption of Norbega or Norvega. The Indi- 
ans, among whom the Norwegians came, could 
not, he says, utter the sound of 6 without put- 
ting the sound of m before it. Hence Norbega 
became Nor'mbega. 

To show that this theory is utterly untenable, 
it is simply necessary to call attention to the 
fact that the name of the country we call Nor- 
way nowhere occurs in Scandinavian literature, 
ancient or modern, in. the form Noriega. It 
has neither a 6 nor an a. The form Norvegi' 
is found, but is not common. In all the sagas, 
including all variants and fragments, that make 
mention of the Vinland voyages, the word for 
Norway invariably appears in the form of Nor- 
egr, without even a r. 

Here is another argument which Mr. Hors- 
ford adduces to support his theory : 

" The people of Norway settling in a newly diaoov- 
ered country claimed the sovereignty of that country. 
Vinland belonged to Norway, — ^that is, Norbega." 

Such statements as these sorely try one's pa- 
tience. Leif Erikson and Thoiinn Karlsevne 
were natives of Iceland, independent inhabit- 

_ igitized by _ _ _ __ 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



115 



ants of an independent country which did not 
become subject to Norway till 1263. No Nor- 
wegian king ever claimed the sovereignty of 
Vinland. 

In Winsor's " Narrative and Critical His- 
tory of America," the question of Norumbega 
is treated by Kev. Benjamin F. De Costa, who 
has also written the story of " The Lost City 
of New England," the very title of which would 
seem to show that his search for it has been 
confined to New England. He thinks that 
Norumbega was on the Penobscot, concerning 
which theory there are the gravest doubts, but 
he confesses his inability to offer any clue as 
to the origin of the term. In his own words : 
"Perhaps the explanation of the word does 
not lie so far away as some suppose, though 
the study of the subject must be attended with 
great care." Following this suggestion, one 
would naturally suppose the name to be French, 
for it was used by French writers before the 
English settled in America (1607). The ear- 
liest reference, according to De Costa, is on a 
map of 1529. 

Neither De Costa nor Horsford seem to have 
heard of the explanation offered by Weise in 
his " Discoveries of America to 1525," pub- 
lished in 1884. He thinks that Norumbega is 
a corruption of the French words Anomiee 
Berge^ and that they were applied to the Pal- 
isades on the Hudson. The country of the 
Palisades would then have been La Terre 
D^Anormee Berge. Anorme is an obsolete 
form of the adjective enorme^ and signifies that 
which is vast or grand ; the noun herge means 
an elevated border of a river, a scarp of a for- 
tification, rocks elevated perpendicularly above 
the water. There are various forms of the 
word Norumbega. On a terrestrial globe made 
by Mercator in 1541 he has Anorumbega ; on 
a map made about the year 1548 for King 
Henry II. of France we find Anorohagra ; and 
the French explorer Laudonniere (1564) uses 
the words Terre de Norumherge^ which looks 
suspiciously like Terre U Anortnee Berge, Mr. 
Weise thinks that the writings of the earlier 
French explorers uphold him, and he gives 
many interesting quotations from them in sup- 
port of his theory. I notice that Mr. Horsford 
also quotes some of the same French authori- 
ties, — very recklessly, however. He quotes 
Thevet as saying : " To the north of Virginia 
is Norumbega, which is well known as a beau- 
tiful city and a great river." He does not give 
the ori^nal French. The sentence condemns 
itself, however, as Thevet, who was in America 



in 1556 (which date Horsford also gives), could 
not have spoken of Virginia^ a name that was 
applied much later than 1556. The date of 
the First Charter is 1606, and Elizabeth, the 
virgin queen, in whose honor the country was 
named, did not begin her i*eign untill 1558. 
Thevet did not speak of a beautiful city^ but a 
beautiful river, " A river presents itself, one 
of the beautiful rivers that are in the world, 
which we named Norombegue, and the Indians 
Aggoncy, and which is marked on some marine 
charts as Grande river." 

It would seem that Mr. Weise's explanation 
is worthy of consideration. We commend his 
book to the careful perusal of Mr. Horsford. 

Julius E. Olson. 



New Views of Russia.* 

No two books could fall into the reviewer's 
hands better calculated to supplement each 
other than MorftU's "Story of Russia" and 
Emilia Pardo Bazan's " Russia : Its People 
and Its Literature." The first-named volume 
gives an outline of Russian history from " the 
development of the little Grand Duchy of Mus- 
covy, in the fifteenth century, to the present 
mighty empire with its hundred million inhab- 
itants." While not attempting to conceal the 
darker shades of the picture, the writer has 
endeavored to avoid drawing his sketch from 
a purely English standpoint. He says in his 
Preface : 

« There is nothing political about my book. I have 
simply told the truth as it appeared to me. I have 
treated Russia as an important element in the national- 
ities of the world, a country of great solidarity and 
strength, whatever may have been said to the contrary.'^ 

Mr. Morfill bears the title of ^^ Reader in the 
Russian and Slavonic Languages" in the Uni- 
versity of Oxford. He is the author of a work 
on " Slavonic Literature," of " A Simplified 
Grammar of the Serbian Language," and of 
^^A Grammar of the Russian Language." His 
philological labors have trained him well in 
the art of condensation, and his attempt to 
condense the leading facts in the public rec- 
ords of a country embracing one-sixth of the 
habitable globe, and a period of more than one 
thousand years, within the limits of a duodecimo 
story-book, is most gracefully accomplished. 

•The Story of Russia. By W. R. MorfiU, M.A. New 
York : G. P. Putnam's Sons. 

Russia : Its People and Its Literature. By Emilia Pardo 
Basin. Translated from the Spanish, by Fanny Hale Gardi- 
ner. Chicago : A. C. McCluiy & Go. 



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[Sept., 



His story is what it aims to be — something more 
than a mere compilation in the English language 
of other people^s stories. He has thoroughly 
studied the ¥rritings of Nestor, Karamzin, Kos- 
tomarov, and other Russian authorities almost 
wholly unread in this country, and illustrated 
the facts thus obtained and embodied in his 
pleasant narration by translations from the his- 
torical poems handed down by native chroni- 
clers and contemporary diaries. 

A book of this kind, with its pictures of 
peasants and royal personages, of tombs, coins, 
medals, and public buildings, and its maps of 
the Russian Empire before the time of Peter 
the Great and of the same empire in 1889, is 
most timely at the present moment, when the 
public mind is so thoroughly on the alert for 
light on Russia. It is a most agreeable intro- 
duction to the geography, ethnology, legendary 
lore, history, and literature of the land, and 
paves the way to a comprehension of its polit- 
ical and religious organizations, the condition 
of the Russian Church, and Russian dissent. 
Trifling errors in proof-reading or inconsisten- 
cies in the spelling of proper names, however 
much to be regretted, cannot seriously mar the 
value of the work to the reading public. 

There is certainly awakened by the book a 
desire for more knowledge of the life beneath 
the surface in this wonderful country ; and this 
we gain from the neat little volume by Doiia 
Bazan, presented to American readers in a 
most admirable English translation by Fanny 
Hale Gardiner. It may seem singular that we 
should go to Spain for information about Rus- 
sia, and that, too, from an author who has 
neither visited the country nor become ac- 
quainted with its language ; yet in reading her 
frank avowal of her lacks we are inspired with 
the belief that she has based her opinions upon 
solid foundations. 

Emilia Pardo Bazan, as we learn from the 
translator's interesting Preface, is a Spanish 
woman of well-known literary attainments, as 
well as wealth and position. Books were almost 
her sole pleasures in childhood, and at fourteen 
she was widely read in history, science, poetry, 
and fiction. During her wanderings with her 
father, who some years later was obliged to 
leave his country for political reasons, she 
learned French, English, and Italian, in order 
to read the literatures of those tongues, and 
plunged deep into German philosophy. In- 
spired finally by her reading and observation, 
she became a novel-writer herself, and success- 
fully called forth the first echoes of the French 



realist movement in Spain. Much of her life 
has been spent in association with men of mark. 
She became acquainted with Russia in Paris, 
the city where Turgenief sojourned that he 
might gain a clearer insight into his beloved 
country. She read everything written about 
Russia in the several languages with which she 
was familiar, and also all the best translations 
of the prominent productions of Russian liter- 
ature, besides associating herself with Russian 
authors and artists for the express purpose of 
noting their opinions. What she has thus 
acquired she gives her readers in a thoroughly- 
matured and well-digested form. 

Some of her conclusions are most ingenious 
and interesting to follow. In classifying Rus- 
sia among the nations of Europe, she says : 

<< There are two great peoples which have not yet 
placed their stones in the world's historic edifice. They 
are the great transatlantic republic and the colossal 
Sclayonic empire, — ^the United States and Russia. What 
artistic future awaits the young North American nation? 
That land of material civilization, free, happy, with 
wise and practical institutions, with splendid natural 
resources, with flourishing commerce and industries, 
that people so young yet so vigorous, has acquired ev- 
erything except the acclimatization in her vast and fer- 
tile territory of the flower of beauty in the arts and let- 
ters. Her literature, in which such names as Edgar 
Poe shine with a world-wide lustre, is yet a prolonga- 
tion of the English literature, and no more. What 
would that country not give to see within herself the 
glorious promise of that spirit which produced a Mur- 
illo, a Cervantes, a Goethe, or a Meyerbeer, while she 
covers with gold the canvases of the mediocre painters 
of Europe ! But that art and literature of a national 
character may be spontaneous, a people must pass 
through two epochs, — one, in which, by the process of 
time, the myths and heroes of earlier days assume a 
representative character, and the early creeds and aspi- 
rations, still undefined by reflection, take shape in pop- 
ular poetry and legend ; the other, in which, after a 
period of learning, the people arises and shakes off the 
outer crust of artificiality, and begins to build connci- 
entiously its own art upon the basis of its never-forgot- 
ten traditions. The United States was bom full-grown. 
It never passed through the cloud-land of myth ; it is 
utterly lacking in that sort of popular poetry which to- 
day we call folk-lore. But when a nation carries within 
itself this powerful and prolific seed, sooner or later 
this will sprout. . . . Russia is a complete proof 
of this truth." 

In treating of the ethnology and topography • 
of Russia, Doiia Bazan shows how a homoge- 
neous people has proceeded from various races 
and origins, and how geographical oneness su- 
perseding ethnological variety has created a 
moral unity stronger than aQ others. She 
shows how finally the Slav became the dominat- 
ing influence, not from numerical superiority, 
but because his character was more adaptable 
to European civilization. Her accounts of Rus- 

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THE DIAL 



117 



sian serfdom, Russian autocracy, the agrarian 
municipality, the social classes, nihilism, and 
the position of woman in Russia, all evince pro- 
found thought and keen judgment, as do also 
her delineations of Russian literature and the 
ehjuraeter of Russian authors. Occasionally we 
find her biased in a way that betrays the Span- 
ish Catholic, but in the main she proves her- 
self impartial. She gives a masterly analysis 
of the life and works of Tolstoi, whom she 
styles nihilist and mystic, of Dostoiewsky the 
psychologist, and of Turgenief the poet and 
artist, of whom she says that he loved his coun- 
try well enough to tell her the truth, and to 
warn her persistently and incessantly. In the 
conclusion of her final remarks on Russian 
realism, she writes : 

** RuBsia la an enigma ; let those solve it who can, — 
I Gould not. The Sphinx called to me ; I looked into 
the depths of her eyes, I felt the sweet and bewildering 
attraction of the unknown, I questioned her, and like 
the German poet I wait, with but moderate hope, for 
the answer to come to me, borne by voices of the ocean 
of Time." 

Having made the acquaintance of these two 
volumes, the reader will find himself ready to 
dip with fresh eagerness into the mysteries of 
such works as " The Truth About Russia " by 
W. T. Stead, "The Russian Church and Rus- 
sian Dissent" by Albert F. Heard, and the 
fascinating works of Stepniak, including his 
^'Underground Russia," and his new romance, 
** The Career of a Nihilist." He will enter 
with renewed interest into the tragedy of Rus- 
sian history as revealed by these ¥rritings and 
by the papers of George Kennan. He will be 
led to ponder deeply on the riddle propounded 
by the present political, social, and religious 
conditions of Russia. 

A new world of speculation must inevitably 
be called into being in any earnest mind that 
attempts to follow the career of General Igna- 
tief, the Russian Gladstone, and that of M. 
Pobedonestzeff, Procureur of the Holy Synod, 
who instituted a new reign of intolerance, and 
who has devoutly believed that the fate of the 
Tsar was dependent on that of the Orthodox 
Russian Church, which must be upheld on its 
lofty pedestal, even if it be as a lifeless body. 
The history and philosophy of Russian dissent 
and its treatment are awakening more and more 
attention. When we learn that the peaceful 
virtuous Stundists and PashkofiFski (followers 
of M. Pashkoff), whose sole offence is that they 
endeavor to benefit immoral and irreligious 
members of the orthodox church by inducing 
them to attend their Bible readings and prayer- 



meetings, are as liable to exile in Siberia as are 
the adherents of certain mystic and dangerous 
sects whose rites and ceremonies are often most 
offensive and indecent, we cease to marvel at 
the» vigorous fermentation in Russia. The hu- 
man soul revolts against injustice, political, re* 
ligious, or social ; and it seems reasonable to 
believe that Russia is on the eve of a great 
political, religious, and social change. 

AUBERTINE WOODWABD MOOBE. 



The Dark Probl.em of the Dark 
Continent.* 



« Mjr mission is to teach you three things — the moet 
important, the most sacred, the most indispensable which 
can be taught on earth ; — faith, which sustains and guides 
the life of man; hope, which consoles and' cheers him; 
charity, which renders his existence a source of happi- 
ness to himself and a benefit to others." 

These words are from the pastoral letter of 
Mgr. Lavigerie to his future flock, on taking 
possession of his Episcopal dignity when ap;: 
pointed to the See of Nancy in 1868 ; and they 
express as well, perhaps, as words can, the 
spirit of the man who devoted his whole life 
and labors to the service of humanity. Bom 
at Bayonne in 1825, ordained priest by special 
dispensation f roni Rome while under the canon- 
ical age of twenty-four, appointed Professor of 
Latin Literature in the House of Studies in 
1849, elevated to the chair of Ecclesiastical 
History in the Sarbonne in 1854, elected Direc- 
tor-General of the Society for the Promotion 
of Christian Education in the East in 1857, 
made Auditor of the Rota for France and do- 
mestic prelate to his Holiness in 1861, he be- 
came a member of the highest tribunal of the 
Roman court ; and in 1868, at the age of thir- 
ty-eight, he was created Bishop of the See of 
Nancy, and four years later Archbishop of Al- 
geria, where, by his faithful labors of fifteen 
years, he well earned and was rewarded with 
the red hat in 1882. These rapid promotions 
of an obscure youth are evidences no less of 
the discernment and high Christian purpose of 
the Catholic Church than of the superior abil- 
ity and profound consecration of Mgr. Lav- 
igerie. 

Passing over his eminent services in securing 
the rights of Christians in the East, and his 
efforts to promote a more liberal education in 
the See of Nancy, we cannot but pause to ad- 
mire the humanitarian work which he did in 

* Cardinal Layiokbie and the African Slave Trade. 
Edited by Richard F. Clarke, S.J., Trinity CoUege, Oxford. 
New York : Longmans, Gbeen, A Co. 



Digiti: 



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118 



THE DIAL 



[Sept., 



Algeria. Arriving there when more than five 
hundred thousand of the natives had heen swept 
away by the cholera and typhus fever, he found 
the country devoured by a famine horrible past 
description, and thousands of children penish- 
ing for the want of food and care. These he 
hastened to gather into orphanages, and ap- 
pealed to all Christendom for help to save their 
perishing bodies and educate their benighted 
minds. He rescued them from the wild and 
unthrifty habits of the Arabs, and trained them 
to lives of duty and industry. And when the 
French government, which had neglected the 
deserted waifs, had determined as a matter of 
state policy to return these children to the wan- 
dering tribes and remit them again to barbar- 
ism, Mgr. Lavigerie withstood Marshal Mc- 
Mahan, and even Napoleon III. himself, with 
a boldness and decision that they little expected 
to find in this gentle shepherd of lost lambs. 

When Mgr. Lavigerie entered Africa, it was 
with views that extended far beyond the con- 
fines of the French possessions there. It was 
in the apostolic frame of mind of the ancient 
fathers that he looked upon the ^' Dark Conti- 
nent." No sooner had he brought confusion 
out of disorder in Algeria and Tunis, than he 
l)egan to reach forth to the tribes to the west 
and south. He organized a society called ^^ The 
White Fathers of Algeria " — so named from 
the white robe they wore, — a band of mission- 
aries who sought martyrdom with the zeal of 
the ancients. No sooner were the members of 
one party slaughtered by the bloody natives 
than twice the number would spring forward 
to take their places. The opening up of Cen- 
tral Africa by the labors of Sir Samuel Baker, 
General Gordon, Livingstone, Stanley, and 
Emin Bey, inspired Mgr. Lavigerie with bound- 
less hope. He soon parcelled out the wild coun- 
try between Lakes Tanganyika and Nyanza 
and the upper waters of the Congo into apos- 
tolic vicariates, over which he appointed bish- 
ops, and heroic bands of priests were soon 
threading the jungles of Uganda, and proving 
to the world that these debased and down-trod- 
den negroes, hunted, captured, sold like brute 
beasts, were, under the influence of their relig- 
ious teaching and example, capable of showing 
a sublime devotion and heroic courage worthy 
of comparison with that of the martyrs of the 
early ages. We have read a great deal of 
Stanley and the other explorers who have done 
so much to open up the unknown interior of 
Africa ; but we have heard little of the more 
than fifty devoted missionaries who have already 



laid down their lives, eleven of them suffering 
violent deaths, for the sake of carrying the light 
of Christianity to those benighted regions. 

And this brings us to the dreadful subject 
of the African slave-trade, with which the chief 
part of Mr. Clarke's excellent account of Car- 
dinal Lavigerie has to do. We of the United 
States have in our earlier years pajssed through 
such a nightmare of slavery, and awakened out 
of our terrible dream in such a bloody sweat, 
that we are apt to think of the word slavery as 
standing for a thing of the past ; and it is with 
something akin to surprise that we see this 
terrible apparition rising out of the jungles of 
Africa and still bidding defiance to the genial 
powers of civilization and Christianity. We 
have indeed seen the last of chattel slavery in 
the countries of Christendom ; but under the 
Crescent it still thrives, and the European na- 
tions are gradually opening their eyes to the 
terrible fact that this monster is already so 
intrenched in the interior of Africa as to form 
the one insurmountable obstacle to its civiliza- 
tion. And we must remember that it is not 
slavery modified and tempered by civilization 
as it was in our Southern States, but slavery 
intensified by Mohammedism and barbarism. 
Many have the impression that with the open- 
ing up of the interior these cruelties will dis- 
appear ; but the reverse appears thus far to 
have been the fact. All authorities agree that 
slavery there runs riot now as never before. 
Intercourse with the white man has introduced 
the spirit of trade, and there is no game so 
easily captured as human beings. The Mos- 
lem slave-traders have furnished the natives 
with firearms and taught them the trade of 
slave-hunting. The inhuman traffic was for- 
merly carried on chiefly to supply the market 
in Western Asia and Turkey, and it was to 
break up this hellish commerce that Baker and 
Gordon undertook their great expeditions ; bat 
the gains of the slave-trade found their way 
into the pockets of the Egyptian officials ; the 
good intentions of the Khedive were no match 
for the cupidity of his officers, and Baker and 
Gordon failed in their humane purpose. The 
domestic slave-trade has also increased im- 
mensely in the last twenty years ; so that now 
many once-populous districts are left desolate 
from the repeated raids of the hunters. It w 
estimated that not less than five hundred thou- 
sand human beings are annually destroyed in 
this ruthless traffic. Cardinal Lavigerie, in 
his speech before the London Anti-Slavery So- 
ciety in 1888, says : 

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1890.] 



THE DIAL, 



119 



** Slavery, in the proportions that it has now assumed, 
means, in fact, the approaching destruction of the black 
popuhition of the interior, with the impossibility of pen- 
etrating and civilizing the heart of the country. My 
missionaries are established in the Sahara, and upon 
the high table-lands of Central Africa from the north 
of Nyanza to the south of Tanganyika. They have seen 
with their own eyes, in the course of ten years, whole 
provinces absolutely depopulated by the massacres of 
the slave-hunters, and each day they are obliged to wit- 
ness scenes which point to the extinction of the race. 
They tell me particularly of the province of Manynema, 
which at the time of the death of Livingstone was the 
richest in ivory and population, and which the slave- 
hunters have now reduced to a desert, seizing the ivory 
and reducing the inliabitants to slavery in order that 
they may carry it to the coast, after which their cap- 
tives would be sold. The contempt for human life 
engendered by such examples as these, and by the pas- 
sions of the slave-hunters, is so grest that you can im- 
agine nothing more horrible. If this state of things 
continnes, Africa as a nation cannot remain. These 
horrors are incompatible with the existence of Africa, 
and the country will be absolutely and irredeemably 
lost. Things have reached such a pass in the vicinity 
of the great lakes now that every woman, every child, 
that stray ten minutes away from their village, have 
no certainty of ever returning to it." 

The whole speech is well worth quoting, but 
want of space forbids, and for the same rea- 
son we must refer interested readers to Mr. 
Clarke's book for a full discussion of the vari- 
ous remedies proposed for this crying evil. One 
thing is evident : Mohammedism i^ responsible 
for the slave-trade of Africa, and is straining 
every nerve to secure the millions of Africa for 
its own. Hitherto the nations of Europe have 
put forth their energies chiefly in the direction 
of commercial advantages ; but the time has 
come when, to secure these, they must assume 
a more friendly attitude toward the devoted 
men who are endeavoring to bring a Christian 
civilization to the hordes of African negroes. 
Not that Testaments and moral pocket-hand- 
kerchiefs will do much for these savages, as 
£inin Bey says ; but the kind of civilization 
that goes with Testaments and moral pocket- 
handkerchiefs must meet and conquer the in- 
fluences that go with the Koran and the slave- 
trade. We understand that Cardinal Lavig- 
erie is now making a tour of Europe with the 
hope that by his persuasive eloquence he can 
unite all Christendom in some well-considered 
and effective plan for meeting the encroach- 
ments of the Moslem power in Africa, and for 
stamping out the infamous traffic in human 
flesh, and thus opening the interior of " the 
Darkest Continent " to the influences of com- 
merce, education, and Christianity. 

James F. Claflin. 



Brlefs ox New Books. 

The late Mark Pattison, sometime Rector of Lin- 
coln College, was perhaps as indifferent to literary 
fame as was his delightful contemporary, Edward 
Fitz Gerald. Pattison was a great and finished 
scholar ; not a specialist, but rather a humanist — 
if that word may be used to describe a scholar who 
sought to combine exactness of knowledge with phil- 
osophic amplitude of survey. In him acquisitive- 
ness predominated over the instinct of communicsr 
tion ; in his gettings he was an assiduous practiser 
of the rule of addition, division, and silence. His 
literary productions seem to have been wrung from 
him, as it were, drop by drop. Not that he was 
anything of a bookworm or pedant ; but he delib- 
erately set the value of knowing above that of pro- 
ducing. He was one of the few men of this century 
who have had the leisure and the self-denial to un- 
dertake Goethe's great task of self-culture. Those 
who would learn how Pattison went about this task, 
and what was the outcome, should read his fascinat- 
ing " Memoirs" (reviewed in The Dial for July, 
1885). His principal literary works were the val- 
uable " Life of Casaubon," and the " Milton " in 
the " English Men of Letters " series. The latter 
is perhaps the most concentrated and masterly book 
of that admirable series. His treatment of Milton 
combines a charm equal to Macaulay's with a pun- 
gency equal to Johnson's ; but the greatest value of 
Uie book consists in its unusual weight of matter 
and force of thought. It is no slight distinction to 
write the best thing on a subject upon which every- 
one tries the edge of his wit. Of like force and 
weight are his " Essays," posthumously published 
in two stately volumes at the Clarendon Press (Mac- 
millan), under the editorship of Professor Nettle- 
ship. These " Essays" include more than one hun- 
dred pages, crown octavo, upon Joseph Scaliger — 
fragments of a great work over which Pattison 
brooded for many years. They also include inter- 
esting and original studies of other great humanists : 
Muretus, Huet, and F. A. Wolf. Noteworthy also 
are the essays on the life of Warburton, on Pope 
and his editors, on Buckle's " History of Civiliza- 
tion," on the Galas Tragedy, and on Calvin at 
Geneva. The most famous essay of all is that enti- 
tled ^' Tendencies of Religious Thought in England, 
1688-1750," — an original contribution to history, 
the fruit of long and laborious studies. Perhaps, 
however, the essay in which Pattison most fully and 
genially unfolds himself is that entitled <^ Oxford 
Studies," wherein the author develops his theory of 
a university and his noble philosophy of liberal ed- 
ucation. Of course these essays are too compact 
and thoughtful to enjoy wide popularity ; and more's 
the pity, for few popular essayists have a tithe of 
the intellectual capital of Pattison. But readers 
with a stomach for solid pabulum will find their 
account here. Pattison's style has unusual merits ; 
it is crisp and crusty and cogent, as if the writer's 
aim liad been to speak once and then forp:^ hold j 

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THE DIAL 



[Sept., 



his peace. His English is pure, never scholastic, 
never poetical, never circumlocatory. Mr. John 
Morley pronounces Pattison "the shrewdest and 
most widely competent critic of his day." Of his 
conversation Mr. Morley says : " There was nohody 
in whose company one felt so much of the ineffable 
comfort of being quite safe against an attack of 
platitude." Such immunity may not be best for 
all; but to the veteran reader of what is called, 
with unintended irony, the " periodical literature" 
of the day, how grateful the discovery of one essay- 
ist who never writes to order ! He puts into has 
writings the best of all he knows and feels, and 
none of the second-best. He practises, by prefer- 
ence, that gospel of silence which Carlyle only 
preached. In his writings, as in life, to quote Mr. 
Morley again, he encounters all commonplace with 
''some significant, admonitory, and almost luminous 
manifestation of the great ars tacendV^ In fine, 
these essays unite classic reticence with something 
of classic dignity and conciseness. 

The little volume entitled " The Blind Musician" 
(Little, Brown, & Co.) is a new addition to our trans- 
lations from the Russian, which have become so pop- 
ular with English and American readers. The au- 
thor's name is also new to us — Vladimir Eorolenko. 
The Introduction is by George Kennan, whose ac- 
quaintance with the author began through reading 
his articles in various Russian periodicals. The 
high opinion formed from these was strengthened 
by a later personal acquaintance, and he considers 
Korolenko as representing the most progressive, lib- 
eral, sincerely patriotic type of young Russian man- 
hood. As long ago as 1886 or 1887, this author 
wrote a long and carefully worked-out novel of 
Russian life, but its publication was vetoed by the 
censor of the press. His short stories, sketches, 
and studies of character have been produced under 
great discouragements and interruptions, Korolenko, 
although not yet thirty-five years old, having been 
already four times banished from his home to re- 
mote parts of the empire. The present story indi- 
cates very high literary and artistic powers, working 
with a theme somewhat uncommon in literature. It 
is a psychological study, dealing with the inner life 
of a man blind from birth. The author undertakes 
to reveal not only the psychological processes in the 
mind of the blind, but their sufferings from the lack 
of sight as well, uncomplicated by any untoward cir- 
cumstances. The sources of musical feeling, the 
development of the soul through love and pater- 
nity, the awakening of the heart out of egotism and 
selfish complainings to a sympathetic interest in 
other men, are subjects which are brought to bear 
on the narrative with rare insight and skill. Thus, 
although almost entirely lacking in outward inci- 
dent, it is highly attractive for its delicate and pen- 
etrating treatment of many things which belong to 
the inner history of nearly everyone. The translac 
tion is by Aline Delano, and is so well done that 
one forgets it is a translation. The dainty binding 



of white and green cloth, and the beautiful illustra- 
tions of Edmund H. Garrett, are in harmony with 
the general refinement of the work. 

Thb record of a long and useful life is contained 
in a volume recently issued by the Congregational 
Sunday School and Publishing Society, entitlecl "Asa 
Turner and His Times." The "Thnes" of Asa 
Turner were the second and third quarters of the 
present century in the new countries of lUinois and 
Iowa. Even those who may not care to read of 
the man personally, or of the home missionary work 
to which his life was consecrated, may be stirred 
by the relations of pioneer experiences in those 
eventful days which immediately succeeded the 
greatest struggle ever made in this country to con- 
quer a state for slavery. Those were the days when 
the convention to amend the Constitution of Illinois 
to permit slaveholding so nearly succeeded, when 
the first Anti-Slavery Society of Illinois was formed 
(Mr. Turner being chairman), and when Lovejoy 
was murdered by a pro-slavery mob while defend- 
ing his own printing-presses in the city of Alton. 
Iowa, whither Mr. Turner went only two months 
after it had secured independent existence as the 
Territory of Iowa, was a country even rawer and 
newer than Illinois. But to our hardy pioneer its 
one objection was that << it was so beautiful, there 
might be an imwillingness to exchange it for the 
paradise above." As the records of a leader in all 
moral and social reforms, as well as in strictly de- 
nominational work, from these early days untU the 
time of his death forty-seven years later, these me- 
morials of Mr. Turner have a value for the future 
historian of a great and populous state where sixty- 
six years ago President Monroe had in mind to col- 
lect a vast and permanent Indian nation. 

The University of Pennsylvania publishes, as one 
of the pampldets of its Political Economy Series, a 
translation, by Prof. E. J. James, of " The Federal 
Constitution of Switzerland." A nearly contempo- 
raneous translation of the same document, by Pro- 
fessor Hart of Harvard, published in the "Old 
South Leaflets " by Heath & Co., attests the gen- 
eral interest felt in comparative constitutional his- 
tory. The differences between these two transla- 
tions are so marked as to suggest that if there is a 
necessity for careful study of the Swiss constitution 
in this country, a harmonious English version of it 
should be adopted. The " Extraordinary Tribunals" 
of Art 58, according to the Harvard version, be- 
come "Exceptional Courts" in the Pennsylvania 
version ; the former conforming most closely to En- 
glish idioms. The reciprocal " right of free emi- 
gration to foreign states," in Art. 63 of the Penn- 
sylvania translation, is found in Massachusetts to 
be an " exit duty on property," a wholly different 
subject In Art 6, the Pennsylvania version de- 
clares that " the cantons are required to demand of 
the Union its guaranty for their constitutions," and 
that " the Union shall accord this guaranty" condi- 

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1890.] 



THE DIAL 



121 



tionally; while the other version says that ^<the 
Cantons are bound to ask of the Confederation " 
such guaranty, and proceeds to declare that '< this 
guaranty is accorded " thereby, with conditions. 
Such conflicts of translation wiU send many an 
American student to the original, before he can un- 
derstand his translation. 



A CHAPTER taken bodily from Dr. Woodrow Wil- 
son's treatise entitled << The State,*' which was no- 
ticed in The Dial, Vol. X., p. 308, becomes a man- 
ual for the use of colleges and schools, under the 
tide of << State and Federal Grovernments of the 
United States" (Heath). It has one advantage 
over the other numerous manuals prepared for the 
purpose of teaching to students tiie constitutional 
and political peculiarities of our country, namely, 
that it is written from the point of view of the Johns 
Hopkins Studies in Political Science, and embodies 
the results of the latest researches of the promoters 
of that series of Studies. 



The eighth volume of the <' Riverside Library 
for Young People" (Houghton) is somewhat of a 
departure from the rest of the series. Its prede- 
cessors have dealt with history, biography, mechan- 
ics, natural history, and other subjects of exact 
study. The latest volume differs from these in be- 
ing devoted to a consideration of practical life-prob- 
lems, under the title ^< Girls and Women," by E. 
Chester. It is a very wise and suggestive little 
book. Advice for young women has abounded ever 
since the days when Mrs. Chapone's *^ Letters " or 
Dr. Gregory's ** Legacy to his Daughters" were 
considered almost the only appropriate reading for 
women. But the whole condition of woman's world 
has changed so rapidly and so materially within the 
last few years that an entirely new point of view is 
required of those who would guide ^e present gen- 
eration. Some subjects, it is true, are never out- 
grown ; thus, our little book deals with the old top- 
ics, '< Health," '< Hospitality," ''The Essentials of a 
Lady," etc. But what would our grandmothers, or 
even our mothers, have thought of a woman's book 
contiuning instructions for ''An Aim in Life," "How 
shall Girls Support Themselves ? " or " Occupations 
for the Rich." Nevertheless, these are some of the 
most valuable portions of the work. Although es- 
pecially profitable reading for girls between fifteen 
and twenty, we heartily commend it to women of 
all ages. 

Mention has been made in a former number of 
Mr. T. S. Perry's translation of M. Imbert de Saint- 
Amand*s " Famous Women of the French Court " 
(Scribner). The second volume in the series, " The 
Happy Days of the Empress Marie Louise," relates 
in detail the diplomatic preliminaries of Napoleon's 
marriage to the daughter of the Grermanic Cassars, 
and the story of their married life up to the culmi- 
nation, in 1812, of the Emperor's career. This 
volume, like its predecessor, is largely made up of 
excerpts — " purple patches " — from this, that, and 



the other author, and free recourse has been had 
to original documents. M. de Saint-Amand's pro- 
cess of selection and arrangement has resulted in a 
graphic picture of the immediate surroundings of 
the Emperor during the period treated, and his 
book will be found very entertaining by readers 
who like plenty of sentiment and color, and anec- 
dotal details of court ceremony and intrigue. 



Announcements of Fall. Books. 

The following classified list embodies reports fur- 
nished to The Dial by the principal American pub- 
lishers, regarding the books which they are preparing 
to issue during the Fall season. The number of pub- 
lishers represented is thirty-seven, and the number of 
titles is nearly four hundred — over a hundred more 
than were given in the similar list of a year ago. The 
present list, like the former, does not aim to include 
absolutely everything — some minor juveniles and un- 
important fiction and miscellaneous brochures being 
necessarily excluded. It has been the intention to 
omit also new editions, unless in new form or with new 
and distinctive features. The list will, we believe, be 
found of interest and value to our readers, presenting 
as it does a complete survey of what is being done in 
the various departments of literature at the important 
season of the publishing year. A noticeable feature of 
the list IS the falling off in the high priced holiday 
books of a few years ago; and it is pleasant to note, 
also, that these nearly extinct literary and art mam- 
moths are so happily compensated for by the abundance 
of smaller and daintier volumes containing old and 
often rare literary gems in new and elegant setting. 
Many other not less interesting indications from the 
list will be apparent to the discerning reader. 

HiBTORT. 

United States. Qenesis of the : A Narrative of the MoTemeot 
in Ensrland, 1600-1(>16, whioh resulted in the Plantation 
of North America by Entflnhmen. Gcilleoted, arranged, 
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Pellew*s Adventures and Sufferings during his Captivity in 
Morocco. Edited, with prefatory notes, by Dr. Robert 
Brown. Illus. Macmillan. $1.50. 

A Treasure Hunt. Being the narrative of an expedition in 
the Yacht ''Alerte " to the desert iakmd of Trinidad. By 
£. F. Knight. Longmans. 



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HoUand and Its People. ByEdmondode AmidB. Tmmdated 
from the Italian by Caroline Tilton. New revised edition, 
84 illnstrations. Futnam. $2.25. 

Natural History. 

The Silra of North America. A deeoription of the trees 
which grow naturally in North America, exclusive of 
Mexico. ByChariesSpracrneSaivent. With fi^nires and 
analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edwara Faxon. 
Vol. I. (To be completed in 12 yoIs.) Honghton. $25. 

Popnlar Natural History. By J. S. Kingsley. Estes. $9.00. 

Curioos Creatures in Zoology. By John Ashton. Illus. Cas- 
sell. $3.50. 

Motly and Butterflies. By Julia E. Ballard. Dins. Put- 
nam. $1.50. 

Bees: Their History, Habits, Instincts. Dlus. Pott. $1.25. 

Wonders from Sea and Shore. By Fannie A. Deane. Loth- 
rap. $1.25. 

StroDs by Starlight and Sunshine. By W. Hamilton Gibson, 
nius. Harper. 

Reference. 

A Literary Manual of Foreign Quotations. By John Deroe 
Behon. Putnam. 

The Portable Commentary. By Jamieson, Faussett, and 
Brown. 2 toIs. Crowell. $4.00. 

Dictionary of German and English Languages. By W. James 
andC.Stoffel. Stokes. $2.50. 

IboyelopsBdia of Missions. Funk. $5.00. 

Ebeydopasdia of Temperance. Funk. $3.50. 

The Best Books. A Reader's Guide to the best avaiUble 
books in all departments of literature down to 1888. 
Compiled b^ Wuliam Swan Sonnenschein. Second edi- 
tion. Rewritten and much enlarged. Putnam. $6.00. 

Dictionary of Statistics. By M. G. Mulhall. New edition, 
Revised and brought down to date. Routledge. 

Medicine and Hygiene. 

Text-Book of Materia Medioa for the Use of Nurses. Com- 

IMled by Larinia L. Dock. Putnam. 
Manual of the Domestic Hygiene of the Child. By Julius 

Uffelmann, M.D. Translated by Harriet Ransom Milin- 

owski. Edited by Mary Putnam>Jacobi, M.D. Putnam. 
Notes on BiUitary Hygiene. By Surgeon A. A. Woodhull, 

UJS.A. Wiley. $2.50. 
Dust and Its Dangers. By T. M. Prudden, M.D. Illus. 

Putnam. 75 cents. 

Navigation — Mechanics. 
Practical Navigation. By Captain Lecky. Wiley. $6. 
Practical Seamanship. By John Todd and W. B. Whall. 

Wiley. $7.50. 
Weisbach's Mechanics of Engineering. Vol. III., Part I., 

Section 2. Wiley. $5.00. 
Constructive Steam Engineering. ByJayM. Whitham. Wiley. 
The Elements of Machine Design. By W. Cawthome Un- 

win, C.E. Part II. Eleventh edition. " Text-Books of 

Science." Longmans. $2.00. 

Games and Sports. 

The Devil's Picture Books: A History of Playing Cards. 

By M. K. Van Rensselaer. 16 full page plivbes in color. 

Dodd. $5.00. 
Book of Card and Table Games. By Prof. Hoffman. 

Routiedge. $5.00. 
Toong People's Cyclopedia of Ghunes and Sports. By John 

D. Chflumplin, Jr., and Arthur £. Bostwick. Holt. 
Moanitla of Sports : Athlctics, Boxing, Cricket, etc. Stokes. 

Per vol., 50c. and $1.00. 
In the Riding School. By Theodore Stephenson Browne. 

Lothrop. $1.00. 

Illustrated Holiday Books. 

Memoir of Horace Walpole. Bv Austin Dobson. lUns. 
with 11 etchings by Moran, and by other plates. Limited 
e<ft/ton-</«-7uxe, printed on hand-made paper. Dodd. $15. 

Rivers of Great Britain : Descriptive, Historical, Pictorial. 
With numerous engravings. Cassell. $15.00. 



American Painters in Watez^C^olors. By Ripley Hitchcock. 
Stokes. $12.50. 

The Golden Flower Chrysanthemum. Verses by Edith M. 
Thomas. Collected, arranged, and embellished by F. 
Schuyler Matthews. Illus. m water<»lor8. Prang. $10. 

A Marriage for Love. By Ludovio Hal^vy. 24 photogra- 
vures oy Wilson de Meza. Edition-de-iuxe. Dodd. $10. 

Saul. By Robert Browning. Illus. in photogravure from 
drawings by Frank O. Small. Prang. $10.00. 

The Sun-Dial: A Poem. By Austin Dobson. Illus. with 
photogravure reproductions of designs by George Whar- 
ton Edwards. Dodd. $7.50. 

The Chouans. By H. de Balzac. 100 illustrations. Cassell. 
$7.50. 

Child-Life : A Souvenir of Lizabeth B. Humphrey. A col- 
lection of her most beautiful designs in color, with bio- 
graphical sketch by Mary J. Jacques. Prang. $7.50. 

Selections from Wordsworth^s Sonnets. Dlus. by Alfred 
Parsons. Harper. 

Glimpses of Old English Homes. By E. Baloh. Profusely 

Illus. Ma^^millan , 

Relics of the Royal House of Stuart. Letterpress by John 
Skelton. Drawings in color by W. Gibb. MaomOlan. 

The Vicar of Wakefield. Bv Oliver Goldsmith. Dlus. by 
Hugh Thomson. MacmiUan. 

The Song of Hiawatha. Bv H. W. Longfellow. 22 photo- 
gravures and 400 text illustrations by Frederic Reming- 
ton. Houghton. $6.00. 

The Poet's Year : Poetry of the Seasons. Edited by Oscar 
Fay Adams. 120 illustrations. Lothrop. $6.00. 

Romola. By George Eliot. Illus. with photo-etchings. 2 
vob. Ekes. $6.00. 

Romola. By George Eliot. 60 photogravures. 2 vols. Por- 
ter <& Coates. $6.00. 

Night Song. By Charles Reinich. Illus. by Henry Sandham. 
Estes. $7.50. 

Selected Rctures by American Artists. Lippincott. $7.50. 

Choice Pictures by American Artists. Lippincott. $7.50. 

Recent European Art. Estes. $7.50. 

Gems of American Art. Lippincott. $7.50. 

Golden Treasury of Art and Song. 18 monotint pages. Dnt- 
ton. $7.50. 

The Haunted Pool. (La Mare au Diable.) From the French 
of Georee Sand, by Frank Hunter Potter. With 14 etch- 
ings by Kudanx. Dodd. $5.00. 

Jane Eyre. By Charlotte Bronte. 48 illustrations. 2 vols. 
Crowell. $5.00. 

Our Great Actors. By Charles S. Abb^. Portraits in watei^ 
colors. Estes. $5.00. 

Our New England. By Hamilton W. Mabie. Roberts. $5. 

Flirt. By Paul Hervieu. TransUted by Hu^h Craig. 37 
photogravures aftet wateiHM>lorB bv Madeleine Lemaire, 
and 18 full-page illustrations. Worthington. $5.00. 

Wits and Beaux of Society. By Grace and Philip Wharton. 
20 photogravures. 2 vols. Porter <& Coates. $5.00. 

The Same. With preface by Justin H. McCarthy. Dlus. by 
Browne and Gkniwin. 2 vols. Worthington. $5.00. 

Queens of Society. By Gkuce and Philip Wharton. 18 pho- 
togravures. 2 vols. Porter & Coates. $5.00. 

The Same. With preface by Justin H. McCarthy. Illus. by 
C. A. Doyle. 2 vols. Worthington. $5.00. 

Timers Footsteps : A Family Record Book. Illus. in mono- 
tint and pen-and ink. Dutton. $5.00. 

Our Old Home. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. With photogra- 
vures and engravings. 2 vols. Houghton. $4.00. 

Golden Links : A Birthday Text Book. 12 pages in color, 
and other illustrations. Dutton. $4.00. 

Summerland. By Margaret McDonald Pullman. 63 illustra- 
tions by Ancurew. Lee & Shepard. $3.75. 

Gonpil Gallery of Great War Paintings. Estes. $3.75. 

Familiar London. Containing 12 views in color of the best- 
known sights of London, and other sketches. Dutton. 
$3.75. 

Eve of St. Agnes. By John Keats. An illuminated missal. 
Estes. $3.00. 

XXIV. Bits of Society Verse. Illus. by H. W. McVickar. 
Stokes. $3.00. 

The Artist Gkllery: Biographies and Portraits of Five 
Greatest Modem Painters. Lothrop. $3.00. 



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Banyan's Home. 
lUnstratioiis. 



With 24 iMftges in monotint, and other 
Dutton. S3.00. 
Shakespeare*8 Home. With ten sketches of the Poet's 

Home, etc., and other illustrations. Dntton. $3.00. 
Oat of Doors with Tennyson. Edited, with Introdaction, by 

£. S. Brooks. lUus. Lothrop. $2.50. 
Thus Think and Smoke Tobacco. Illus. by 6eorg:e Wharton 

Edwards. Stokes. $2.50. 
Fra lippo Lippi : A Romance of Florence in the 15th Century. 

By Margaret Vere Farrini^ton. 14 full page photogravure 

illustrations. Putnam. $2.50. 
Gold Nails to Hang Memories On : An Original Autograph 

Book. By Elizabeth A. Allen. Crowell. $2.50. 
Dreams of the Sea. Compiled by Lula M. Walker. Estes. 

$2.50. 
Friends from My Garden : Verses by Anna M. Pratt. Illus. 

by Laura C. Hills. Stokes. $2.50. 
An Old Loye-Letter. Designed and Illuminated by Irene £. 

Jerome. Lee & Shepard. $1.00. 
Tom Brown's School Days. By Thomas Hughes. 53 illus- 
trations by Andrew. Crowell. $2.00. 

Juveniles. 

BatUefields and Campfires. By Willis J. Abbot. Illus. by 

W.C.Jackson. Dodd. $3.00. 
The Boy Travellers in Great Britain and Irebuid. By T. W. 

Knox. Illus. Harper. $3.00. 
Zigzag Journeys in the Great Northwest. By Hezekiah But- 

terworth. Illus. Estes. $1.75. 
Knockabout Club in North Africa. By F. A. Ober. Illus. 

Estes. $1.50. 
Three Vassar Girls in Switzerland. By Mrs. Champney. 

Illus. Estes. $1.50. 
The Red Fairy Book. Edited by Andrew Lang. Illus. (Uni- 
form with '' The Blue Fairy Book.'') Longmans. $2.00. 
Horse Stories, and Stories of Other Animals. By Thomas 

W.Knox. Illus. Cassell. $2.50. 
Little Giant Brab and His Talking Raven Tabib. By Inger^ 

soil Lockwood. Lee and Shepard. $2.00. 
The Princess with the Foiget-me-not Eyes. Illus. by Walter 

Crane. Macroillan. 
Sweet William. By Marguerite Bouvet. Illus. McClnrg. 
Young Folk's Golden Treasury of History. Lothrop. $2.25. 
Round the World with the Blue Jaoketo. By Lieut. E. H. 

Rhoads, U.S.N. Lothrop. $1.75. 
Famous European Artists. By Mrs. Sarah K. Bolton. With 

portraits. Crowell. $1.50. 
Nigel Browning. By Agnes Gibeme. Longmans. $1.50. 
Peokover's Mill : A Story of the Great Frost of 1739. By the 

author of Starwood Hall.'* Illus. Whittaker. $1.50. 
The House of Surprises. By L.T.Meade. Whittaker. $1.2.'). 
The Beresford Prize. By L.T.Meade. Illus. Longmans. $1.50 
The Winds, the Woods, and the Wanderer. By Lily F. 

Weaselhceft. Roberts. $1.25. 
The Family Coach : Who Filled It, Who Drove It, and Who 

Seized the Reins. By M. and C. Lee. Whittaker. $1.25. 
In My Nursery. By Laura C. Richards. Roberts. $1.25. 
Library of Fiction for Young Folks: A new illus. series. 

First vols.: The Life of an Artist, by Jules Breton ; Les 

Anciens Canadiens, by Philip Gasp^. Appleton. 
Look Ahead Series. By Rev. Edward A. Rand. Compris- 
ing : Making the Best of It ; Up North in a WhiUer ; 

Too Late for the Tide Mill. 3 vols. Whittaker. $3.75. 
Half-ar Dozen Boys. By Annie C. Ray. Illus. Crowell. $1.25. 
The Lion City of Africa. By WUlis B.Allen. Lothrop. $2.25. 
The Kelp Gatherers. By J. T. Trowbridge. Lee & Shepard. 

$1.00. 
Against Heavy Odds : A Tale of Norse Heroism. By H. H. 

Boyesen. Illus. by W. L. Taylor. Scribner. $1.00. 
A Loyal Little Red-Coat. By Ruth Ogden. Ulus. by H. A. 

OgdLBn. Stokes. $2.00. 
Aunt Hannah and Martha and John. By Mrs. G. R. Alden 

(Pansy). Lothrop. $1.50. 
Polly: A New-Fashioned Girl. By L. T. Meade. Illus. 

Cassell. $1.50. 
Dear Daughter Dorothy. By A. G. Plympton. Roberts. $1. 
A Lost Jewel. By Harriet Preecott Spofford. Lee & 

Shepard. $1.00. 



The Story of a Spring Morning, and Other Tales. By Mn* 

Molesworth. Ulus. Longmans. $1.50. 
Zoe. By author of *' Miss Toosey's Mission.'' Roberts. 60c. 
Santa Claus on a Lark. By Washingtcm Gladden. Century 

Co. $1.60. 
Baby Sweethearts. By Helen Grey Cone. Illus. by Mand 

Humphrey. Stokes. $3.00. 
Wee Tots. Poems by Amy Blanchard. 48 designs by Ida 

Waugh. Worthington. $2.00. 
Granny's Story Box. Illus. in color. Dutton. $2.(X). 
Another Brownie Book. By Palmer Cox. CelituryGo. $1.60. 
Flower Folk. Verses by Anna M. Pratt. Bins, by Lama 

C. Hills. Stokes. $1.50. 
Bonnie Little People. Bv Helen Gray Cone. VHjM. by 

Maud Humphrey. Stokes. $1.75. 
Tiny Toddlers. By Helen Gray Cone. Illus. by Maud 

Humphrey. Stokes. $1.75. 
Two Little Tots. By Josephine Pollard. Illus. by J. 

Pauline Snnter. Stokes. $1.00. 



Books of the Month. 

[The following list indttdes all books received by Ths Diai. 
during the month qf August^ 1890.] 

HISTOR Y-SOCIOLOG Y. 

Stratford-on- Avon. From the Earliest Times to the Death 
of Shakespeare. Bv Sidney Lee. With 45 IllustratiouB 
by Edward Hull. New Edition, 12mo, pp. 304. Mae- 
millan & Co. $2.00. 

Nation Making: : A Story of New Zealand. Sava^m vs. 
Civilization. By J. C. Firth, author of " Our Km across 
the Sea.** With Frontispiece. 12mo, pp. 402. Long^ 
mans. Green, & Co. $2.00. 

U. S. : An Index to the United States of America. A Hand- 
book of Reference combining the ** Curious " in U. S. 
History. Compiled by Malooun Townsend. lUustrated 
and with Maps, etc. 8vo,pp. 482. D. Lothrop Co. $1.60. 

LITERABY MISCELLANY. 

Patriotic AddreeaeB in America and England, from 1860 to 
1885, on Slavery, the Civil War, and the Development of 
Civil Liberty m the United States. By Henry Ward 
Beecher. Edited, with a Review of Mr. Beecher^s Per- 
sonalityand Influence in Public Affairs, by John R. How- 
ard. With Portraits. 8vo, pp. 857. Forda, Howard A 
Hulbert. $2.00. 

Newspaper Reportinsr in Olden Time and To-Day. Bv 
John Pendleton, author of "A History of Derbyshire." 
16mo, pp. 245. Uncut. Armstrong's Book-Loveas* Li- 
brary." $1.25. 

The Ethical Problem : Three Lectures by Dr. Paul Cants. 
12mo, pp. 90. Paper. Oi>en Court Pub'g Co. 

POETRY. 

RuhiXy&t of Omar Khajrydm, the Astronomer-Poet of 
Persia. Rendered into EngUsh Verse. 8vo, pp. 112. 
Uncut. Vellum. Macmillau & Co. $3.00. 

Poems of Owen Meredith (the Earl of Lytton). Selected, 
with an Introduction, by M. Bethan-Edwards. Author- 
ized Edition. 24mo, pp. 250. Uncut. A. Lovell & Co. 
40 cents. 

Qema from Walt Whitman. Selected by Elizabeih Pcm^ 
ter Oould. Oblong 16mo, pp. 58. Gilt top. David Mc- 
Kay. 50 cents. 

FICTION. 

The House by the Medlar-Tree. By Giovanni Vein. 
The Translation bv Mary A. Craig. An Introduction by 
WiUiam D. Howells. 16mo. pp. 300. Uncut. Unifwm 
with '' Maria." Harper & Brothers. $1.00. 

Barahu ; or. The Marriage of Loti. By Pierre Loti, author 
of " From Lands of Exile." Translated from the Freoeh. 
by Clara BeU. Revised and Corrected in the United 
States. 16mo, pp. 2%. W. S. Gottsberger & Co. $1.00. 

Tozar. A Romance. By the author of "Thoth." 8vo, 
pp. 171. Paper. Harper's '* Franklin Square library." 
30 cents. 

Expatriation. By the author of ^^Aristocracy." IGmo, 
pp. 307. Paper. Appleton's ** Town and Country Librft- 
ry." 50 cents. 



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Geoffirey Hampstead. By Thomas S. Jarvis. 16mo, pp. 
378. Paper. Appleton's ^* Town and Country library.'* 
50 cents. 

The Soul of Pierre. By Georges Ohnet, author of ''The 
Master of the Forge;'' Trai^lated from the French, by 
Mary J. Serrano, translator of ''Marie BashkirtsefiF's 
Journal." Illustrated by Elmile Bavard. 16mo, pp. 291. 
Paper. Cassell's "Sunshine Series." 50 cents. 

IMsenchantmeiit : An Every-Day Stwy . By F. Mabel Rob- 
inson, author of " Mr. Butler's Ward." 12mo, pp. 432. 
Paper. Lippincott's "Select Novels." 50 cents. 

The Phantom Bickshaw, and Other Tales. By Rudyard 
Kipling, author of " Plain Tales from the Hills." l2mo, 
pp.391. Pai)er. Lovell's "International Series." 50o. 

The Two Brothers (Pierre et Jean.) By Guy de Maupas- 
sant. TransLited by Clara Bell. 12rao, pp. 333. Paper. 
Lovell's " Series of Foreign Literature." 60 cents. 

A SmufiTSrler's Secret. Bv Frank Barrett, author of " Kit 
Wyndham." Ida : An Adventure in Morocco. By Mabel 
Collins, author of "Ijord Vanecourt's Daughter." In one 
vol. 12mo, pp. 195. Paper. Lovell's " International Se- 
ries." 50 cents. 

With Eesex in Ireland. Being Extracts from a Diary 
Kept in Ireland during the Year 1559 by Mr. Henry Har- 
vey. With a Preface by John Oliver Maddox, M. A. In- 
troduced and Edited by Hon. Emily Lawless, author of 
"Hurrish." 12mo, pp. 270. Paper. Lovell's "Inter- 
national Series." 50 cents. 

The Blind Musician. From the Russian of Korolenko. By 
William Westall and Sergius Stejpniak. 12mo, pp. 230. 
Paper. Lovell's " International series." 50 cents. 

Manraret Byngr. By F. C. Phillips, author of " As in a 
Looking^lass." 12mo, pp. 300. Paper. Lovell's '* In- 
ternational Series." 50 cents. 

So^TinfiT the Wind. By E. Lynn Lynton, author of " lone 
Stewart." 12mo, pp. 31«. Paper. Lovell's "Intema- 
tional Series." 50 cents. 

Notes firom the "Newp." By James P^n, author of 
"Thicker than Water." 12mo, pp. 223. Paper. Uncut. 
Lovell's " International Series." 50 cents. 

A Brookl3m Bachelor. By Margaret Lee, author of " A 
Brighton Novel." 16mo, pp. 207. Paper. "Am. Nov- 
elists' Series." F. F. Lovell & Co. 50 cents. 

The Blind Men and the Devil. Bv Phineas. 16mo, pp. 
219. Paper. Lee & Shepard's " Good Company Series." 
50 cents. 

JUVENILE. 

The Nursery "Alice.'- Containing 20 Colored Enlarge- 
ments from Tenniel's Illustrations tx) " Alice in Wonder- 
land." Text adapted to Nursery Readers by Lewis Car^ 
roll. 4to, pp. 61. Illuminated Cover. Maomdlan. $1.50. 

The Promised Klnor ; or, The Story of the Children's Sav- 
iour. By Annie R. Butler, author of " In the Beginning." 
Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 320. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.00. 

Btartlns Points : How to Make a Good Beginning. Edited 
by Abbie H. Fairfield. 16mo, pp. 205. D. Lothrop Co. 
$1.25. 

TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE. 

Memoirs of the Military Career of John Shipp, late 
Lieutenant in His Majesty's 87th Regiment. Written by 
Himself. With an Introduction by H. Manners Chiches- 
ter. Illustrated. 8vo, pp. 386. Macmillan's "Adven- 
ture Series." $1.50. 

FoUowin^r the Guidon. By Elizabeth B. Custer, author 
of '* Boots and Saddles.'^ lUustrated. 12mo, pp. 341. 
Harper & Bros. $1.60. 

An Bastem Tour at Home. By Joel Cook, author of 
" A Holiday Tour in Europe." 12mo, pp. 286. David 
McKay. $1.00. 

EDUCATION-TEXT-BOOKS. 

Methods of Teachingr Patriotism in the Public Schools. 
By Col. George T. Balch. 8vo, pp. 109. D. Van Nost- 
raad Co. $1.50. 

Svolution of the University. By Geor^ E. Howard. 
8vo, pp. 3<i. Paper. Published by University of Ne- 
braska Alumni Assoc'n. 

Elements of the Differential and Integral Calculus: 
Method of Rates. By Arthur Sherburne Hardy, Ph.D. 
Hvo, pp. 239. GinnACo. $1.65. 



The "Annals" of Tacitus. Books I.-VI. Edited, with In- 
troduction, Notes, and Indexes, by William Francis Al- 
len. With Portraits. 12mo, pp. 444. Ginn's '* CoUega 
Series of Latin Authors." $1.65. 

The Science of Laneruagre and Its Place in General Edu- 
cation: Three Lectures. By F. Max Miiller. 16mo, 
pp. 112. Open Court Pub'g Co. 75 cents. 

The First Reader. By Anna B. Bodlam, author of " Aids 
to Number." Illnstrated. 12mo, pp. 159. Boards. D. 
C. Heath & Co. 35 cents. 

Bunyan's Pilgrrlm's Progrress. With Notes, and a Sketch 
of Bunyan^s Life. 16mo, pp. 119. Ginn & Co. 35 cents. 

Pierre et Camille. Par Alfred de Musset. Edited, with 
English Notes, by O. B. Super, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 67. 
Paper. Heath^s '* Modem Lauiguage Series." 15 cents. 

REFERENCE. 

A Stem Dictionary of the English Language. For Use 
in Elementary Schools. By John Kenneay, author of 
**What WWs Say." 12mo, pp. 282. A. S. Barnes A 
Co. $1.00. 

A Guide to the Literature of JBsthetlcs. By Charles 
Mills Gayley and Fred Newton Scott, Ph.D. Large 8to, 
pp. 116. Paper. Library Bulletin No. 11. University 
of California. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Cookery in the Public Schools. By Sallie Joy White, 
author of ** Housekeepers and Home-Makers." Illus- 
trated. 16mo, pp. 173. D. Lothrop Co. 75 cents. 

Funny Stories Told bv Phineas T. Bamum (The Great 
American Showman). 16mo, pp. 374. Paper. George 
Routledge & Sons. 50 cents. 



[Any book in this list unit be mailed to any address^ post-paid, 
on receipt of price by Messrs. A. C. McClubo & Co., CAteayo.] 



WORCESTER'S 

DICTIONARY. 

The Highest Authority known as to the Use 
of the English Language. 

The New Edition includes A DICTIONARY that con- 
tains thousands of words not to be found 
in any other Dictionary; 

A Pronouncing Biographical Di^ionaty 

Of over 12,000 Personages; 

A Pronouncing Ga{etteer of the World, 

Noting and locating over 20,000 Places; 

A DiSiionary of Synonymes, 

Containing over 5,000 Words in general use, also OVER 
12,500 NEW WORDS recently added. 

All in One Volume. 

Illustrated with Wood-Cuts and FuU-Page Plates. 

The Standard of the leading Publishers, Magazines 
and Newspapers. The Dictionary of the Scholar for 
Spelling, Pronunciation, and Accuracy in Definition. 
Specimen pages and testimonials mailed on application. 
For sale by all Booksellers. 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO., Publishers, 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



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[Sept., 



A Partial List of T. Y. Croivell &■ Co:s 

FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS OF NEW BOOKS. 



THE FOUNDING OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE 
BY WILLIAM I. Tnmslated from the Qerman of Hein- 
RiCH VON Stbbl. by Professor Mabshaui LiYincwTOinfi 
Pkbbxn, of the Boston University. 5 vols. 8vo. Cloth, 
$10.00 ; half moroooo, $15.00. 

This work, on the publication of the first volume, was in- 
stantly recos^zed by the German critics as a masterpiece of 
histonoal writing ; at the same time, its genuine popularity 
was attested by the fact that an edition of 50,000 copies was 
almost immediatelyexhausted. The present edition is transr 
lated by Professor Perrin, whose scholarly accuracy and care 
are visible on every page. It is in five volumes, illustrated 
with portraits of Wilnelm I., Bismarck, Von Moltke, Fried- 
rich, and the present Emperor. 

JANE EYRE. By Charlotte Bronte. With 48 
lUnstrations engraved by AifDBEW. Carefully printed from 
beautiful i^pe on superior calendered paper. 2 vob. 12mo. 
Cloth, pit top, boxed, $5.00 ; half catf, $9.00. Edition de 
Luxe, kmited to 2.'K) numbered copies, large paper, Japan 
proofs mounted, $10.00. 
^ ** Jane Eyre " is one of the books which seem destmed to 
Kve. The present illustrated edition is as perfect as will ever 
be produced. Press-work, paper, illustrations, and binding 
combine into a whole that is a delight to the eye and a cyno- 
sure for a library. 

THE PORTABLE COMMENTARY. BjJamieson, 
Faubsbtt, and Brown. 2 vols. Crown 8vo, cloth, $4.00. 
Hiis convenient manual has a world-wide reputation as the 

best book of its kind in the English language. It is full, yet 

concise, easily understood, clear in tjrpe, convenient in size ; 

and should be in the handis of every student of the Bible. 

THE NARRATIVE OF CAPTAIN COIGNET, 
SOLDIER OF THE EMPIRE, 1776-1850. An Autobio- 
graphical Account of one of Napoleon^s Body-Guard. Fully 
Illustrated. 12mo. Half leather, $2.50; half calf, $5.00. 
The recollectioiis of Captain Coignet, perfectly authenti- 
cated, come t4> us like a voice from those mighty masses who, 
under Napoleon, made Europe tremble almost a hundred 
years ago. It is the record of the daily doings of a private 
soldier, who fought in many great campaigns. Nothing like 
these memoirs has ever been published. 

FAMOUS EUROPEAN ARTISTS. By Mrs. Sarah 
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FAMOUS ENGLISH AUTHORS OF THE NINF^ 
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During a recent visit abroad, Mrs. Bolton had an opportu- 
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REAL HAPPENINGS. By Mrs. Mary B. Claflin. 

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Under the above attractive title, Mrs. Claflin has collected 
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BOURRIENNE'S MEMOIRS OF NAPOLEON 
BONAPARTE. Special Limited Edition, with over 100 
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THE ROBBER COUNT. By Julius W^olff. Trana- 
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This masterpiece among Julius WolfiTs prose romances is 

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TOM BROWN'S SCHOOL DAYS. By Thomas 
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The present edition of this classic is by all odds the best 

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BRAMPTON SKETCHES OF OLD NEW-ENG- 
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The old New-England life is rapidly fading, not only from 
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GOLD NAILS TO HANG MEMORIES ON. A 
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GOSPEL STORIES. Translated from the Russian of 
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Count Tolstois short sketches of Russian life, inspired gen- 
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PHILIP ; Or, .What May Have Been. A Story of 
the First Century. By Mary C. Cutler. 12mo, $1.25. 
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HALF A DOZEN BOYS. By Anna Chapin Ray. 

12mo, Illustrated, $1.25. 

This is a genuine story of bov-life. The six heroes are cap- 
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thy of Miss Alcott's pen. 



Sold by all booksellers. Mailed, postpaid, on receipt qf price, by 

THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., Publishers, New York City. 

Digitized by VjOOQ IC 



1890.] THE DIAL 129 



Still Harping on that 
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ARNOLD AND COMPANY, Publishers, 
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WEBSTER'S Unabridged Dictionary 

The 'Best Investment for the Family, the School, the Professional or Private Library. 
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THE DIAL 



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D. LOTHROP COMPANY'S NeW BoOKS. 



U. S. : CURIOUS FACTS IN UNITED STATES 

HISTORY. By BCaloolm TowNSBKD. 12mo, olotih, $1.50 

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OUT OF DOORS WITH TENNYSON. Edited, with 
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with views of the localities of the poems. Quarto, $2.50. 
Such poems and portions of poems written by the Laureate 
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THE POETS' YEAR. Edited by Oscar Fay Adams. 

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OUR EARLY PRESIDENTS, THEIR WIVES AND 
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STORIES OF FAMOUS PRECIOUS STONES. By 

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GREAT CITIES OF THE WORLD. Edited by 
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THREE LITTLE MAIDS. By Mary Bathurst 
Deanb. nius. by F.O. Small. New Edition. Cloth, $1.50. 
*^ A bright witty tale of English life that, in its originality 

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American Hebrew. 
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The humor is delicate and abounding, the moral atmosphere 

clear and high.** — Commonwealth. 



For sale at the Bookstores, or sent, postpaid, by the Publishers, on receipt of the price, 

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PUBU8HSD BY ] 
A. C. McCLURG & CO. I 



a year 



^ 



HICAGO, OCTOBER, 1890. 



Vol.XT.l KDITED BY 

So, Its i FRANCIS F. BROWNE. 



HARPER'S MAGAZINE 

FOR OCTOBER. 
INTERESTING PAPERS. 

AGRICULTURAL CHILI. By Thbodobk Chiij>. Witii 
fourteen Illnstratioiis. 

ANTOINE'S MOOSE-YARD. By Juuan Ralph. With 
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THE FIRST OIL WELL. By Prof. J. S. Nbwbkbry. 

NEW MONEYS OF LINCOLN'S ADMINISTRATION. 
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REMINISCENCES OF N. P. WILLIS AND LYDIA 
MARIA CHILD. By George Ticknor Curtis. 

ENTERTAINING FICTION. 

FIFTH PART OF PORT TARASCON: The Last Ad- 
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A WHITE UNIFORM. A Story. By Jonathan Sturcirs. 
With four Illustrations drawn by C. S. Rbinhart. 

'* A-FLAGGIN'." a Stopy. By S. P. McLean Greene. 

**THE DRAGONESSE." A Story. By G. A. Hibbard. 

THE STRANGE TALE OF A TYPE-WRITER. By 
AifNA C. Brackett. 

TEA TEPHI in amity. An Episode. By A. B.Ward. 

POETRY. 

SONNBTS BY WORDSWORTH. With eleven lUustrar 
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THE DREAM OF PHIDIAS. By Rennell Rodd. 

AN AUTUMN SONG. By Nina F. La yard. 

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EDITORIAL ^DEPARTMENTS. 

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Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. 

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[Oct, 



Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s New Booics. 



JAMES TiUSSELL LOIVELL 



A New and Complete Issue of the Works of James Russell Lowell. Riverside Edition, Literary Essays, in 
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HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

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THE ^TAL 



Vol. XI. OCTOBER, 1890. No. 126. 



CONTEXTS. 

THE PERSLSTENCE OF HISTORIC MYTHS. 

W. F. Poole 143 

THE LIFE OF HENRIK IBSEN. W. E. Simonds . 14« 

TWO EARTH-ARTIFK^ERS. Selim U. Peahody . . 148 

ESSAYS, NEW AND OLD. Anna B. McMahan . . 1.70 

CONSTITI'TIONS AND INSTITITTIONS. James O. 

Pierce 152 

BRIEfS ON NEW BOOKS 155 

Henley *8 Views and Reviews. — Perrot's and Chipiez^ 
History of Art in Sardinia, Judea, Syria, and Asia 
Minor. — Thnrston^s Heat as a Form of Enerjfy.— 
Saint- Amand^s Marie Antoinette and the End of 
the Old Regime. — Robert Drury's Journal. — Wencke- 
bach's Deutsche Literaturgeschichte. — Vincent's In 
and Out of Central America. — C^onder's Palestine. — 
Le Strangers Palestine Under the Moslems.— Miss 
Duncan*8 A Social Departure. 

NOTE ON THE DEATH OF DR. H. N. POWERS . 158 

TOPICS IN OCTOBER PERIODIC AI>> 159 

BOOKS OF THE MONTH 15i) 



The Pp:rsistexc'e of Historic Myths. 



Among the political attacks which pestered 
the last seven years of Thomas Jefferson's life 
was the charge that he pilfered the sentiment 
and some of the passages of his di'aft of the 
Declaration of Independence from a similar 
Declaration made by the citizens of Mecklen- 
burg, North Carolina, fourteen months before ; 
and that when he was confronted by a copy of 
the earlier Declaration, he denied that he had 
ever seen or heard of it. This position he 
maintained to his dying day ; and after his 
decease the discussion as to the genuineness of 
the Mecklenburg Declaration of May 20, 1775, 
was kept up by his political friends and oppo- 
nents. If it were a genuine document, the re- 
semblance between the two Declarations was 
so marked that there appeared to be no escape 
from the inference that Jefferson was charge- 
able with lx)th plagiarism and untruthfulness. 
Historical writers have generally mentioned 
and passively admitted the genuineness of the 
Mecklenburg Declaration, without raising the 
question of its authenticity. The historians of 
North Carolina have uniformly extolled it as 



the most illustrious incident m their State an- 
nals. Wheeler, in his " Historical Sketches of 
North Carolina,'' says : " This important pai)er 
is dear to eveiy North Carolinian. The 20th 
of May is a sacred festival within its borders ; 
and efforts are being made to erect in the place 
where the event occurred a monument to per- 
petuate its memory." 

Since the death of Mr. Jefferson, documents 
have come to light which prove beyond a doubt 
that the Mecklenburg Declaration of May 20, 
1776, is a myth. It is a singular fact, how- 
ever, that in these developments no evidence 
appears of intentional fraud on the part of any 
pei*son ; and yet it is evident that the paper 
was composed (perhaps as an exercise, or a rev- 
erie), after Mr. Jefferson's Declaration of July 
4, 1776, had been printed, and that the writer 
adopted Mr. Jefferson's ideas and some of his 
expressions. That it was not intended as a 
deception seems probable from the fact that 
no public use was made of it during the life- 
time of the writer. 

A brief account of the Mecklenburg Declar- 
ation, and of the evidence on which its apoc- 
ryphal character is shown, may not be without 
interest. 

The first suspicious circumstance connecte<l 
with the Mecklenburg Declaration of Indepen- 
dence is that it did not appear in print, and 
was never quoted or aUuded to by any histor- 
ical writer, until forty-four years after it was 
alleged to have been adopted by a committee 
of the citizens of North Carolina. It was first 
printed in the Raleigh "Register" of April 
30, 1819, with a statement signed by Joseph 
McKnitt Alexander, giving its history, and 
affirming it to be a true c^py of papers left in 
his hands by his father, John McKnitt Alex- 
ander, deceased, who was the clerk of the com- 
mittee which adopted the Declaration ; that he 
finds in the files a memorandum that the orig- 
inal lx)ok in which the proceedings of the meet- 
ing of May 20, 1775, were recorded was burnt 
in April, 1800 ; and that copies of the proceed- 
ings were sent to Hugh Williamson, who was 
writing the history of North Carolina, and to 
Gen. W. R. Davie. Dr. \V illiamson's " Ilis- 
toiy of North Carolina," which was not printed 
till 1812, made no mention of the Declaration. 
Perhaps he was aware of its mythical charac- 
ter, and suppressed it. The copy sent to (ieii- 

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THE DIAL 



[Oct., 



eral Davie has been found, and it differs ma- 
terially from the one printed in the Raleigh 
" Register." A certificate is attached, which 
states that it was compiled from recollection, 
and without the aid of any written records. 

The documents from the Raleigh "Register" 
were copied into Northern newspapers, and fell 
under the eye of John Adams, at Quincy, Mas- 
sachusetts. On the 22d of June, 1819, Mr. 
Adams wrote to Mr. Jefferson as follows : 

" May I inclose to you one of the greatest curiosities, 
and one of the deepest mysteries, that ever occurred to 
me ? It is in the Essex < Register ' [Salem, Mass.,] of 
Jime 5. It is from the Raleigh < Register,' entitled 

* A Declaration of Independence.* How is it possible 
that the paper should have been concealed from me to 
this day ? Tou know that if I had possessed it I would 
have made the halls of Congress echo and re-echo with 
it fifteen months before your Declaration of Independ- 
ence. What a poor, ignorant, malicious, short-sighted, 
crapulous mess is Tom Paine's * Common Seuse ' in com- 
parison with this paper ! Had I known it I would have 
commented upon it from the day you entered Congress 
till the 4th of July, 1776. The genuine sense of Amer- 
ica at that moment was never so well expressed before 
or since ; and yet history is to ascribe the American 
Revolution to Thomas Paine ! " 

The writer then had evidently no suspicion 
that the document was not genuine, and per- 
haps he took pleasure in thrusting a thorn into 
the ribs of his correspondent. To another per- 
son Mr. Adams wrote July 5, before he had 
received Mr. JeflFerson's reply, intimating that 
Mr. Jefferson had cribbed from the Mecklen- 
burg document, and declaring that **Jefferson 
has copied the spirit, the sense, and the expres- 
sions of it verbatim in his Declaration of the 
4th of July, 1776." How Adamsy are these 
letters I 

Mr. Jefferson, on the 9th of July, replied to 
Mr. Adams in his best and most attractive 
form. After a graceful introduction, in which 
he acknowledged and commented on the con- 
tents of several lettei*s from Mr. Adams, he 
says: 

** But what has attracted my special notice is the pa- 
per from Mecklenburg County, of North Carolina, pub- 
lished in the Essex * Register/ which you were so kind 
as to inclose in your last of June 22. And you seem 
to think it genuine. I believe it spurious. I deem it 
a very unjustifiable quiz, like that of the volcano said 
to have broken out in North Carolina some half a dozen 
years ago — perhaps in that very county of Mecklen- 
burg, for I do not remember its precise locality. If 
this paper be really taken from the Raleigh * Register,' 
I wonder that it should have escaped Ritchie and the 

* National Intelligencer,' and that the fire should blaze 
out all at once in Essex [Mass.], one thousand miles 
from the spot where the sjmrk is said to have fallen. 
But if really taken from the Raleigh * Register,' who is 
narrator ? and is the name subscribed real ? or is it as 



fictitious as the paper itself? It appeals, too, to an 
original book which is burnt ; to Mr. Alexander, who 
is dead ; to a joint letter from Caswell, Hughes, and 
Hooper [Members of Congress from North Carolina], 
all dead; to a copy sent to the dead Caswell [Davie ?], 
and another to Dr. Williamson, now probably dead, 
whose memory did not retain, in the history he has 
written of North Carolina, this gigantic step in the 
county of Mecklenburg. Horry, too, is silent in his 
history of Marion, whose scene of action was the county 
bordering on Mecklenburg. Ramsay, Marshall, Jones, 
Gerardin, Wirt, historians of the adjacent States, are 
all silent. When Patrick Henry's resolutions, far short 
of Independence, flew like lightning through every paper 
and kiudlcd both sides of the Atlantic, this flaming Dec- 
laration (of the same date) of the Independence of Meck- 
lenburg County of North Carolina, absolving it from thfe 
British allegiance and abjuring all political connection 
with that nation, although sent to Congress, too, is never 
heard of ! It is not known even a twelvemonth later when 
a similar proposition is first made in that body. Armed 
with this bold example, would not you have addressed 
our timid brethren in peals of thunder ? Would not 
every advocate of Independence have rung the glories 
of Mecklenburg County in Nprth Carolina in the ears 
of the doubting Dickinson and others who hung so heav- 
ily on us ? Yet the example of Mecklenburg County 
in North Carolina was never once quoted. For the 
present I must be an unbeliever in the apocryphal gos- 
pel." 

Mr. Adams, on receiving this letter and giv- 
ing the matter further consideration, changed 
his first impressions, and fully concurred with 
Mr. Jefferson in the opinion that the Mecklen- 
burg Declaration was a spurious document. 

The publication of Mr. Jefferson's letter 
aroused an intense feeling of patriotic antag- 
onism in the Old North State. Everybody 
who could wield a pen took up the defense of 
the Declaration and to defaming the character 
of Mr. Jefferson. The matter was brought 
before the General Assembly of the State, and 
a committee was appointed during the session 
of 1830-31, to collate and arrange all the doc- 
uments accessible on the subject, and to collect 
new evidence in support of the authenticity of 
the Declaration. The committee performed 
its duty, and made a report in print, which, in 
the opinion of the committee, was " sufficient 
to silence incredulity." 

Rev. Dr. Hawks, one of the historians of 
North Carolina, in an address before the New 
York Historical Society in 1852, thus summar- 
ized the report of the committee, which he re- 
garde<l as conclusive : 

** No less than seven witnesses of the most unexcep- 
tionable chai'acter swear positively that there was a 
meeting of the people of Mecklenburg at Charlotte on 
the 19th and 20th days of May, 1775 ; that certain res- 
olutions distinctly declaring independence of Great Brit- 
ain were then and there prepared by a committee, read 
publicly to the people by Colonel Thomas Polk, and 

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THE DIALr 



145 



adopted by aoclaination ; that they were present and 
took part in the proceedings themselves ; and that John 
McKnitt Alexander was the secretary of the meelting. 
In addition, seven others equally above suspicion swear 
that they were present at precisely such a meeting as 
that described above. Here are fourteen witnesses 
who, if human testimony can prove anything, do show 
beyond all peradventure that on the 20th of May, 1775, 
a certain paper was read and adopted in their hearing, 
whereby the people of Mecklenburg County did abjure 
allegiance to the British Crown, and did declare them- 
selves independent. Such a paper, then, was in exist- 
ence on that day, and was in the possession of the sec- 
retary, John McKnitt Alexander." 

The committee's report and the accompany- 
ing testimonies printed in Force's **Anierican 
Archives " (4th series, vol. ii., pp. 855-864), 
ai-e less conclusive than Dr. Hawk's summary 
would indicate. The witnesses whose affidavits 
are printed were very aged men, and testified 
to what occurred fifty-five years befoi'e with a 
precision and a minuteness of detail which is 
incredible. James Graham states that he was 
present on the 20th of May, heard the discus- 
sion and the i*eading of the Declaration by Dr. 
Ephraim Brevard, " in the very words I have 
since seen several times in print."' It is a well- 
known fact that the memories of aged persons 
are, unconsciously to themselves, very defective 
in matters where time and place are the ques- 
tions at issue. Mr. Jefferson noticed this fact 
in correcting some errors of Governor McKean 
concerning the Declaration of July 4, 1776. 
He says : " The Governor, trusting to his mem- 
ory at an age when our memories are not to be 
trusted, has confounded two events." This is 
precisely what was done by these aged wit^ 
nesses. 

One of the printed testimonies is that of 
Captain James Jack, who states that he was 
the messenger who carried the Declaration of 
May 20 to the Congress at Philadelphia, and 
delivered it into the hands of the three North 
Carolina members. In explanation of the fact 
that it was not printed at the time and no men- 
tion of it appears in the proceedings of (yon- 
gress, he says that these gentlemen thought it 
was not prudent to make it public then. Three 
persons certified that they had heard William 
S. Alexander, deceased, say that he met Cap- 
tain Jack at Philadelphia in the early summer 
of 1775, who told them that he came the bearer 
to Congress of a Declaration of Independence, 
and that they themselves met Captain Jack the 
day General Washington started to take com- 
mand of the Northern army — the day known 
to be June 23, 1775. 

The evidence which seemed to be most con- 



clusive of the genuineness of the Declaration 
was a letter of Josiah Martin, colonial governor 
of North Carolina, written August 8, 1775, on 
board a British gunboat, in which he says : 

" I have seen a most infamous puhlication purporting 
to be resolves of a set of people styling themselves a 
committee of the county of Mecklenburg, most traitor- 
ously declaring an entire dissolution of the laws, gov- 
ernment, and constitution of this country, and setting 
up a system of rules and regulations repugnant to the 
laws and subversive of His Majesty's government." 

In the British State Paper Office is a letter 
from Governor Martin, of June 30, 1775, to 
Lord Dartmouth, Secretary of State, which 
says: 

"The resolves of the committee of Mecklenburg, 
which your lordship will find in the inclosed newspaper, 
surpass all the horrid and treasonable publications that 
the inflammatory spirits of the continent have yet pro- 
duced. A copy of these resolves was sent off, I am in- 
formed, by express to the Congress at Philadelphia as 
soon as they were passed by the committee." 

A letter of June 20 to the Secretary of State 
from Governor Wright of Georgia also inclosed 
a copy. The newspapers containing the trea- 
sonable document are filed with the letters. We 
have now reached surely the genuine Mecklen- 
burg Declaration of Independence of May 20, 
1775 I Not at all. The document is a series 
of resolutions, of quite a different purport and 
character, adopted at Charlotte, Mecklenburg 
County, May 31 — eleven days afterward, — in 
which there is no allusion to the Declaration 
of May 20, nor an intimation that such action 
hail been taken or was intended. It is a set 
of patriotic high-toned resolutions, such as were 
adopted in all the colonies at that time. To 
the fugitive colonial governor they doubtless 
appeared a " horrid and treasonable publica- 
tion''; and they were the resolutions which were 
taken by express to Philadelphia by Captain 
Jack, and out of which the myth of the Meck- 
lenburg Declaration had grown I They were 
forgotten in North Carolina when the spurious 
draft of a Declai'ation of Independence came 
up in 1819 ; but Mr. Peter Force, at Wash- 
ington, found them in 1838, when he w^as 
searching for materials for his "American Ar- 
chives," and before they were found in Lon- 
don. They have since been found printed in 
several Northern and Southern newspapers of 
the Revolutionary period ; but no contempo- 
rary trace has been discovered of the alleged 
Declaration of May 20, 1775. The twenty or 
more witnesses who testified before the com- 
mittee of the North Carolina Assembly were 
doubtless honest ; but in the lapse of fifty-five | 

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146 



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[Oct., 



years their memories were in fault as to the 
date of the meeting and the purprirt of its ac- 
tion. 

It is probable that much of what is termed 
literary plagiarism is as groundless as these 
charges against Mr. Jefferson. It lessens our 
respect for popular history, when myths like 
the Mecklenburg Declaration and the story of 
Pocahontas saving the life of Captain John 
Smith — still regarded in North Carolina and 
Virginia as their most notable events — can so 
persistently maintain a place in books of Amer- 
lean history. ^_ y_ p^^^^^_ 



The lAYK OF IIKXIUK IKSKX.* 

There are writers who direct the thought 
and mould the spirit of their age, and there are 
others whose works serve rather to indicate the 
thought and reveal the spirit of their genera- 
tion. Henrik Ibsen is to be classed among the 
latter, rather than with the former. This is not 
saying that Ibsen is not a great writer, — for 
undoubtedly he is ; but he is not a Goethe, nor 
even an Emerson or a Carlyle. Is it objected 
that Ibsen does not indicate the thought or any 
general trend of the thought of the time ? Let 
us not be too dogmatic upon that jjoint ; there 
is evidently a movement in European thinking 
that just now struggles for expression along 
these lines. Its forms may be crude, repellant ; 
but nevertheless the spirit is there, existing, 
insistent. Happily, nothing has yet been said 
by the Norwegian dramatist to cast a doubt in 
any wise upon his sanity. 

Just where among the world's gi*eat minds 
Ibsen is to find his place, is a riddle which the 
future alone can solve. One thing seems indeed 
decided, and that is that in the literature of his 
native Norway Ibsen's place is at the head and 
front ; the critics are agreed in this, and the 
poet's countrymen apparently approve. It is 
in the character of first Norwegian writer of 
the day that Ibsen should primai'ily be judged ; 
for Ibsen has always written for ^ Norwegian 
public, his scenes are Norse scenes with stern 
and stormy backgrounds, and his themes and 
problems are suggested by an environment and 
an experience in a measure peculiar to his north- 
ern home. In a word, the social stioicture in 
Europe and the society of the American cities 
in the aggregate are two very different things ; 

* Hknrik Ibhen. a Critical Biosrraphy. By Henrik Jfe- 
ger. From the Norwegian, by William Morton Paj-ne, trans- 
lator of Bjornson's "Sigurd Slembe/' Chicago : A. C. MeClurg 
& Co. 



and the individual in the one society sustains 
relations to which his cousin is a stranger. 
Hem*e, Ibsen, like the other continental philo- 
sophizers, is in one sense outside the circles of 
American appreciation or American criticism, 
although not so far removed that the power of 
his pen or the truths in his denunciations 
should go quite unnoted by us. And now that 
Ibsen has crossed the water, introduced through 
his writings by enthusiastic admirers of his bold- 
ness and his art, there is need that we should 
view the Norse poet and dramatist against a 
broader field and in a sharper light. 

The American public has been startled by 
Ibsen's arraignment of x'ertain institutions in 
society and state ; but we seriously doubt that 
half his readers in this country have really felt 
the i)ower of Ibsen's genius or responded to 
the contact of his ideas. That they should give 
any general assent to the truth of his assertions, 
or anticipate the realization of his suggestions, 
IS out of question altogether. Ibsen is too revo- 
lutionary, too much of an extremist, to permit 
of any large following here. The present curi- 
ous interest in him will doubtless recede, and 
only a small circle of admirers will ultimately 
be left who will continue to read their Ibsen as 
they read their Goethe or their Tolstoi, — mar- 
velling at the art of the dramatist, pondering 
with him the harsh unsolved problems of an 
imperfect and illusory social life, and conject- 
uring whither these shadowy suggestions of un- 
tried schemes would lead the world if tested. 
At present, however, curiosity is still unsate<l. 
The American reading public demands to be 
told something more concerning the author of 
" The DolFs House " and of " Ghosts "; and 
Mr. William Morton Payne seeks to gratify 
this demand with a translation of a recent Norse 
biography from the pen of Henrik Jaeger. Tliis 
is a real biography at last, and especially wel- 
come after the unsatisfying host of light and 
popular magazine articles which have been 
wearying us of late with their repetition of 
trivial details long ago familiar to Ibsen readers. 
And yet we confess to some degree of disajv- 
pointmeiit in Herr Jaeger's work ; for into the 
inner life of the dramatist during the decade 
just finished, the period of his most extraor- 
dinary and most brilliant creations, Il)sen's 
biogi'apher gives us hardly a glunpse. Per- 
haps this may be the wisest course, — but pre- 
cisely in this i)eriod was it that we most desire<l 
to know the man ; and now we find ourselves 
c»omi)elled to withdraw, as it were, our acquaint- 
ance only just l)egun. However, we will not 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



147 



quarrel long with our Norse biogi*apher, but 
will rather hasten to express our thanks for the 
clear and vivid picture he has given us of the 
poet-dramatist's early life, while still a citizen 
of the cold and unresponsive Norseland. 

This is what Ibsen himself now tells us of 
his birthplace and the impressions it has left 
upon his memory : 

" I was bom in a court near the market-place. This 
court faces the church with its high steps and its note- 
worthy tower. At the right of the church stood the 
town pillory, and at the left the town-hall, with its lock- 
up and the mad-house. The fourth side of the market- 
place was occupied by the common and the Latin schools. 
The church stood in a clear space in the middle. This 
prospect made up the first view of the world that was 
offered to my sight. It was all architectural ; tliere was 
nothing green, no open country landscape. But the air 
above this four-cornered enclosure of wood and stone 
was filled, the whole day long, with the subdued roar 
of the Langefos, the Klosterfos, and the many other 
falls, and through this sound there pierced, from moin- 
ing till night, something that resembled the cry of 
women in keen distress, now rising to a shriek, now 
subdued to a moan. It was the sound of the hundreds 
of saws that were at work by the falls." 

This was in the little town of Skien — lively 
and sociable at that period of its history, 
Ibsen says, although it has since become a dull 
and an uninteresting place. Many travellers 
came to Skien, and at Christmas or at fair- 
time open house was the rule from morning 
till night. The Ibsen household ranked with 
the aristocracy, and in Ibsen's earliest child- 
hood it was a centre of the social life of the 
town. Ibsen was a precocious boy, as might 
be expected, not playing like other children, 
but shutting himself up in a closet along with 
some old books he had discovered, or giving 
performances in legerdemain before an audi- 
ence of astonished brothers and sisters. He 
attended the public school and develoi^ed a 
taste for theology. He also wished to become 
an artist, and devoted himself with enthusiasm 
to drawing and painting. Thus he lived until, 
at sixteen years of age, his father's fortunes 
having changed, the precocious and solitaiy 
boy went up to Grimstad to be apprenticed to 
a pharmacist and to live a lonely and dreamy 
life within the borders of a narrow, lifeless 
little town, whose eight hundred inhabitants 
were more absorbed in -freight quotations and 
in the private affairs of the neighborhood than 
in the exciting events then occurring in the 
gi'eat world without. And here Ibsen lived 
for five years longer — ambitious, restless, 
growing. Here he wrote his bits of verse: 
and when the revolution of '48 and '49 broke 
out he indited fierce .sonnets to the Magyars 



and a glowing poem " To Hungary," wjth other 
stanzas of the same sort, appealing to Norway 
and Sweden to come to the help of Denmark 
against the Prussians. These things set the 
worthy burghers of Grimstad by the ears, and 
brought poor Ibsen into a position unexpectedly 
conspicuous before the eyes of the shocked 
community. He was now upon a war-footing 
with his fellow-citizens, and there is no doubt 
that here he nursed those feelings concerning 
the state and the individual, which he has sub- 
sequently embodied in one or another of his 
plays. The individual and what he owes to 
the state, had been the usual formula for ex- 
pressing that relation. The failure of the 
state to discharge its responsibilities, and its 
unjust exactions of the individual, is the thesis 
Ibsen undertook to demonstrate. And thus he 
wrote his " Catiline " at twenty years of age. 

But space does not permit a detailed syn- 
opsis of Ibsen's life. It must suffice to say 
that from the poet's removal to Christiania in 
1850 — covering the period of his stay at the 
capital as student and dramatic writer, the five 
years of his engagement as theatre poet at 
Bergen, and his later residence at Christiania 
until the beginning of 1869 — Ibsen passed a 
troubled, indeed a stormy, though seemingly a 
not uncongenial existence. He produced sev- 
eral dramas, the most notable of which were 
the two historical plays, "The Feast at Sol- 
haug" and "The Chieftains of Helgeland," 
besides the realistic " Comedy of Love," which 
marked an epoch in his development as drama- 
tist and as thinker, and brought all Christiania 
about the poet's ears, as, earlier, his war poems 
had disturbed the peace and quiet of little 
Grimstad. And then, in April of 1869, Ibsen, 
having obtained the "poet's salary," turned 
his back on Norway and wandered southward. 
From this time on, the })oet made his residence 
abroad — for a time in Rome, later in Dresden, 
and then in Munich, where he now resides. 
From one or the other of these cities the two 
remarkable poems, "Brand" and "Peer 
Gynt," the. great historical drama, "Emperor 
and Galilean," and, most important of all, that 
unique series of satiric dramas of social life 
on which Ibsen's fame now rests, have been 
sent northward year by year, Ibsen became 
long since famous and popular at home. It 
is only within the last two or three years, how- 
ever, that he has been read or known in En- 
gland or America. 

Mr. Payne has given us a facile and a vig- 
orous translation of Jaeger's biographj^. The 

_._._. Google 



148 



THE DIAL 



[Oct., 



extracts irom Ibsen's verse have been trans- 
lated honestly and bluntly, and with adherence 
to the original metres. The aim has l>een to 
give us the poet's thoughts in words and form 
as nearly equivalent to the oftentimes ol)sciire 
and roughly-hewn phraseology of the original 
as an English writer with English vocabulary 
could hope to do. This is not always easy ; 
but the attempt is not without a good degree 
of success, and we are glad that Mr. Payne 
adopted as his guide a principle so sound. 

W. E. S1MOND8. 



Two EAUTII-AirnFlCKHS.* 



Two companion volumes by a veteran Amer- 
ican author have come recently from the press 
elegant in their typography and bindings, but 
with far stronger claims than these upon our 
careful and studious examination. As mono- 
graphs, they are notable examples of what a 
scientific treatise should he. In each case the 
subject is specific, not hackneyed, nor of only 
remote and questionable interest, but one about 
which intelligent people wish to learn. The 
treatment is plain, logical, exhaustive, and con- 
vincing. The books are by no means reading 
for midsummer loungers ; but any practical 
man of sound business capacity, and an apt- 
ness for seeing the fitness of thoughts well 
framed together, will find in them abundant 
and attractive foo<l for reflection. It may be 
that so much prefatory remark is superfluous ; 
to very many it would have been quite enough 
to name the author, the Nestor of American 
geologists. Professor Dana. The first work is 
a treatise on the character and phenomena of 
Volcanoes, and is perhaps the more important 
of the two. 

Volcanoes, with few exceptions, lie remote 
from the habitations and walks of men. A 
notable exception is Vesuvius, which, first a 
sleeping menace, then a raging destruction, af- 
terward a beautiful landmark, lies surrounded 
by dwellings and vineyards, almost within the 
purlieus of a populous city. Another, Fusi- 
yama, has long been a shrine, sacred in the 
eyes of the worshipping Japanese. Kilauea, 
as Professor Dana remarks, is but three weeks 
from New York, and is upon an island easily 
accessible ; and Stroml)oli shows its beacon 

* Characi'Eu of Volcanoes. With Contributions of Facts 
and Principles from the Hawaiian Islands, etc. By James D. 
Dana. New York : Dodd, Mead, and Co. 

C0KAL8 AND Coral Islands. By James I). Dana. Xew 
York: Dodd. Mead & Co. 



fires to every passing seaman. But elsewhere 
the volcano is only a danger, remote, inaccess- 
ible, clothed with clouds and vapors of dark- 
ness, ejecting when active whole bombardments 
of stones and showers of ashes, vomiting streams 
of molten lava, and breathing out vast volumes 
of deadly vaiK)rs, amidst whose insidious dan- 
gers no creature may survive. Pliny was suf- 
focated on the shore of the sea, miles from the 
crater of the volcano. A whole company of 
islanders who were exploring Kilauea during 
an eruption were at once overwhelmed by the 
fatal blast, and perished in an instant, sitting 
or h'ing as they happened to be overtaken. 

The casual traveller who finds himself 
stranded at Naples, watches daily the drifting 
of the vaporous plume from the volcano pre- 
siding in solemn majesty over the bay, amid 
the ruined cities that lie at its feet. Then, on 
a bright morning, when the wind sets in the 
right quarter, he rides in a landau with two or 
three other odd fish as remote from home as 
himself, escorted by wandering minstrels play- 
ing '^ Funicola " to his unwilling ears, winding 
first amid the vineyards and then amongst the 
lava beds, until he reaches the foot of the steep 
cinder cone. Thence he goes by cable railway 
for a half mile, and on foot a few yards of steep 
ascent ; then he stands on the rim of the crater. 
He listens to the dash and i*oar of fiery surges 
that l)reak within the misty obscure only a few- 
yards beneath his feet. He watches the sheaves 
of pyrotechnics that the mountain is flinging 
up from reiterant explosions. He amuses him- 
self with dodging the red-hot pancakes as they 
fall at his feet ; until the guides, terrified at 
his ignorant audacity, drag him with main force 
into situations less exposed. He smells the chok- 
ing vapors, buys a soldo imbedded in a lava 
cake, tunis away, skips down the rattling cin- 
ders, — and has seen Vesuvius I 

Has he ? For answer let us turn to Profes- 
sor Dana. He takes us to the Hawaiian Is- 
lands, alone in Pacific mid-ocean. There he 
shows us the two grandest volcanic craters of 
the world, Kilauea and Mauna, or Mount, Loa. 
These craters, although only twenty miles apart, 
and on the same slope of the island mass, yet 
differ in altitude by about 10,000 feet, Kilauea 
being about 4,000 and Mount Loa nearly 
14,000 feet above the level of the surrounding 
sea. Here he seats us upon the crater's edge, 
and makes us pAiently watch the demonstra- 
tions in the gehenna below. Kilauea's crater 
is a huge basm, irregularly oval, two and a 
half miles long, two miles wide, and seven and 

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1890.] 



THE DIAL 



149 



a half miles in circ*uitk Below us is usually 
seen a level floor at depths varying from 500 
to 1,500 feet below the rim. At times there 
are two principal levels, — the one a broad bench 
about the margin, called the " black ledge " ; 
the other, a central space several hundred feet 
lower. It is in this central space that the in- 
tenser activity of liquid and boiling lavas is 
observed. 

Supposing that the successive observers be 
counted as only the repeated advents of one 
person, this one will have discovered that the 
fiery caldron below gradually fills itself to 
greater and greater heights with molten mate- 
rial pushed up from below. The black ledge, 
which may indicate the level reached by the 
swelling volume at some former maximum, may 
be finally overflowed, so that from wall to wall 
there is but one molten sea. The observer may 
readily conceive that in the depths below the 
melted lava acts as a solvent upon the cooler 
i-ocks that encompass it, and may eat, like a 
burrowing cancerous disease, into the substance 
of the mountain in various directions. So long 
as the waUs stand firm the molten mass aug- 
ments, its surface slowly rises, the liquid col- 
umn grows in altitude within the crater tube, 
while its hydrostatic pressure upon the walls 
l)ecomes enormous in its ever-increasing in- 
tensity. At length, somewhere, perhaps miles 
away from the crater, the side of the mountain 
yields, the lava issues in a broad and hastening 
stream, rushing down the mountain slope and 
onward to the sea. The lava column within 
the crater is simply drawn off from below. If 
the surface has been ct)oIed and solidified, the 
ci-ust descends with the descending fluid, or 
drops down upon it as ice falls upon a receding 
stream. If the surface is nearly all liquid, it 
may still leave a solid mass at the margin to 
remain afterwards visible as the black ledge. 
It is evident that if the walls of the conduit are 
sufficiently secure against the hydrostatic press- 
ure of the swelling interior column of molten 
matter, the lava will rise until it finally flows 
over the rim of the crater. Such is the cycle of 
action at Kilauea. 

Because of the greater altitude of Mount 
Loa, its crater has been less studied. There 
seems no reason to doubt that the cycle is sim- 
ilar to that described, which seems to he the 
account of normal volcanic activities. The 
places on Mount Loa usually visited are those 
on the slopes of the mountain where the out- 
breaks have occurred, when the wall has yielded 
to the hydrostatic pressure. The most notable 



feature of these lateral eruptions is that the 
fluid lava is sometimes thrown upward in foun- 
tain jets to the height of two hundred, three 
hundred, or even seven hundred feet. 

Professor Dana enumerates the agencies con- 
cerned in the ordinary work of a volcano as 
follows : 1, Vapors ; 2, the ascensive force of 
the conduit lavas ; 3, heat ; 4, hydrostatic aid 
and other gravitational pressure. Selecting 
among these agencies that which is evidently 
the fundamental cause, we must; pl&ce heat at 
the head of the list. The intensity of this heat 
must be an unknown quantity. Its most vig- 
orous action is in the secret and inaccessible 
recesses of the mountain. It is enough to keep 
the most refractory rocks in a state of fluidity. 
As to the cause or source of this heat. Profes- 
sor Dana is absolutely silent This book is 
evidently written with the purpose of setting 
down what is known, and no more. To the 
question. What produces the intense heat of 
the volcano ? there is no reply. 

The intensity of the heat being taken as 
granted, the remainder follows naturally. The 
rocks are melted. The fluid mass becomes less 
dense and swells in the lava conduit, lifting 
the surface to constantly increasing altitudes. 
Water from the sea percolates through the 
veins of rocks, — or, as Professor Dana ver}' 
reasonably explains, the rain waters descend 
until they reach the igneous tract. The heat 
changes these fluids to vapors ; it may even 
dissociate the elements of these vapors, and 
thus provide volumes of free hycb^gen, or com- 
})ounds thereof, whose presence is frequently 
indicated. These vapors and gases being in- 
volved in the molten lava, induce a vesicular 
or even a frothy condition, which farther dim- 
inishes the specific gravity of the lava, and 
increases the height of the fluid column. But 
even in this condition the lava is denser than 
water, and consequently the hycb*ostatic press- 
ure of the lofty fluid column l)ecomes tremen- 
dous. A rough but simple estimate shows how 
great must be this pressure. It will l)e remem- 
bered that two feet depth of water gives about 
one pound of pressure to the square inch. Ten 
thousand feet of water will give a pressure of 
five thousand pounds to the inch. If the mol- 
ten lava should have a density only twice that 
of water, which is probably quite below the fact, 
the pressure would be ten thousand pounds, or 
five net tons, upon each square inch of surface 
exposed to the pressure of the fluid column. No 
wonder that the mountain quakes and rends, 
and that the jets of spouting lava ase«aid to | 

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150 



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[Oct., 



gi-eat heights, when the hidden forces possess 
snch enormous intensities. 

Nor will it be difficult to comprehend, on 
the other hand, the grand explosive phenomena 
which volcanoes have often displayed. Let 
Vesuvius, for example, have long remained dor- 
mant, as before the gladiators of Capua made 
their camp in the hollow of its crater. The 
floor of the crater was formed of the cooling- 
lava at the top of the last-formed fluid column. 
Upon it the rains of centuries had piled the 
debris washed from the crater's sides until the 
cavity was filled high with the ashes of old 
eruptions. But the fires beneath still burned ; 
they began to rage afresh and with renewed 
fury; the waters from sea and cloud found 
their way below ; they were changed to steam, 
intensily superheated, until the pressure, enor- 
mous and ever increasing, burst the seal above, 
and projected stones, ashes, and molten fire far 
into the clouds, to descend as a funereal pall 
upon the smiling cities that for centuries had 
lain in unconscious security. The dormant 
Vesuvius of the days of Pliny proved itself a 
fearful menace ; the active Vesuvius of to-day 
is probably a safety-valve. 

To consider the subject of the second of the 
two works under review is to go from great to 
small, — from magnificence to apparent insignif- 
icance, — from the lofty volcano, shrouded in va- 
ix)rs, to the lowly polyp, vegetating under the 
rippling waters. The phrase, coral iti^ects^ so 
often heard, is a libel on the great class of in- 
sects, creatures of very much more advanceil de- 
velopment. Because the creature is small, often 
microscopic, it is not therefore an insect. The 
polyp is a gelatinous mass, chiefly mouth and 
stomach, surrounded by a whorl of rays, more 
or less numerous, which may be protruded or 
retracted at the pleasure of the animal, and 
which give a striking resemblance to some vari- 
eties of land-growing flowers. 

These coral creatures toil not, neither do 
they build. All the rhetoric based ui)on the 
thought that they do either is vain. They sim- 
j)ly repose where chance and the wandering 
waves first fixed them, waiting for the gliding 
waters to wash food into their gaping and re- 
ceptive mouths. As they grow, certain hard 
material is secreted within, around, or beneath 
the gelatinous substance. This dejwsit is merely 
an excretion, like the shell of an oyster, or the 
bark of a tree, about which the creature has 
no knowledge or care. It remains after the 
animal has perished, and is the coral of which 
l)eaches and reefs are formed, accumulating 



slowly in the long lapse of years. The coral 
polyp thrives only in warm seas. It cannot 
live in deep waters ; it perishes unless it is 
washed at least by the daily tide. Yet in the 
Pacific seas its stony growths form reefs that 
fringe the shores of continents, or remoter bar- 
riers that arise from depths far beyond the lim- 
its at which coral life perishes, and withstand 
the mightiest surges of ocean storms. And 
these conditions of growth, in which the vege- 
tating polyps exist constantly at that depth in 
which only growth is possible, notwithstand- 
ing their upward increase, indicate clearly that 
the upward tendency has been counteracted 
by some equal downwai'd movement ; and this 
means that the floors of the ocean depths, on 
which these structures rest, have gently and 
gradually been lowered. Islands that were 
but peaks of oceanic mountains were once sur- 
rounded with fringes of coral ; the island sank 
while the corals grew, until the fringe became 
a barrier, with a navigable channel between it 
and the shore ; its sinking continued until the 
summit disappeared beneath the water, and the 
encircling barrier, still growing, became only a 
circumvallation about a blue and silent lake in 
the midst of the turbulent ocean. 

Thus does nature by the volcano or the polyp, 
agencies the most widely divergent, forward the 
slowly progressive movements that have made 
the earth what it is, and are yet modifying it 
for the unknown uses of the hereafter. 

Selim H. Peabody. 



KssAYs, Xew and Old.* 

•' The literary world has its fashions na well 
as the world that reads Le FoUet and the Jour- 
naf deii Modes^^^ says Professor Gildersleeve 
in his recently-published volume of ** Essays 
and Studies," and he makes a happy applica- 
tion of the statement by showing how^, from 
time to time, certain of the old stories and 
myths come again to the front as favorite 
themes for the modem writer. A further 
application of the same comparison, by recog- 
nizing that discussions of past issues, like 
prints of last year's costumes, are seldom worth 
re-publication, would have eliminated a good 
many pages from the author's own book with- 
out greatly impairing its value. The "Essays" 
are four in number, all on educational topics, 
the earliest written in 1867, the latest in 1883. 



•Essays and Studies: Educational and Literary. 
Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve. Baltimor9'^> N. Mun 



By 



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It is not surprising, therefore^ that the issues 
with which they are chiefly concerned are now 
somewhat passe. Twenty years ago there was 
a powerful reaction against the traditions of 
an exclusive classical education. Physical sci- 
ence and modern languages, revolting against 
their former subordination in educational cur- 
riculums, demanded their share, and some- 
times much more than their share, of recog- 
nition. The "dead languages" were called 
upon to show their credentials, to defend their 
aristocratic claims of superiority over all new- 
comers whatsoever. Not the least valiant and 
scholarly of these champions was Professor 
Gildersleeve. Nor will he suffer himself to 
be enrolled in the ranks of those who make 
their fight on the line of disciplinary useful- 
ness. He says : 

" We are not disposed to make any such cowardly 
surrender. We are not content to consider the sacred 
tripods as dumb-bells to develop the mental biceps and 
triceps, or the branches of the Delphic bay as an appa^ 
ratus for turning intellectual somersaults or 'skinning' 
intellectual *cats.* . . . Our modern reformers try 
to frown down all studies which do not prepare for < the 
work of life.' But what is « the work of life ?' Is it 
not just here that we need the high ideal of antiquity 
in order to counteract the depressing tendencies of 
modem civilization, and especially those of American 
civilization ? . . . Material well-being in more or 
less refined forms is more or less consciously the main 
object. But the ideal life of antiquity is constructed 
after a different pattern ; and though it is as unattain- 
able by the means of mere humanity as the antique 
ideal of the state, we must confess the superiority of 
the one as of the other to the negative virtues and 
positive selfishness of our modern standards." 

Like others at this date (1867) Professor 
Gildersleeve assumes a mutual incompatibility 
between subjects ''scientific" and "non scien- 
tific." Now we have outgrown such an anti- 
thesis. We have ceased to oppose one subject 
to another as scientific or non-scientific, be- 
cause we perceive that the distinction is not in 
subjects, but in methods of treating them. 
Science is a particular method of treating sub- 
jects leading to results of a particular kind. 
Scientific research is as applicable to the field 
of language, or history, or sociology, or politi- 
cal economy, as it is to the field of botany, or 
geology, or biology. Letters admit of scien- 
tific ti-eatment just as much as the phenomena 
of electricity or the movements of the heavenly 
bodies. The world has grown a little weary of 
the old discussion, however eloquently voiced, 
and regards it as practically closed by reason 
of a more extended outlook and by the rise of 
new pi*oblems of more living intei*est. 

These " Essays," however, occupy somewhat 



less than one-third of the bulk of the book, 
the remainder being given to '' Studies," liter- 
ary and historical. A happy commingling of 
vivacity and scholarship in the composition 
makes these delightful examples of a type of 
writing not much cultivated as yet by Amer- 
ican writers. In humor both delicate and 
broad, in wit spontaneous and overflowing, our 
literature has always abounded ; but in that 
half-earnest, half-laughing, and wholly artistic 
play of fancy with learning which marks the 
French causerie^ it has so far been signally 
lacking. This is the style, however, in which 
our author reveals himself as truly at home. 
There are eight of these historical and literary 
studies, and they are long enough to give scope 
to considerable digression, but come to an end 
before the author is wearied of his subject, or 
has exhausted the fresh thoughts and happy 
analogies that come in troops at his bidding. 
Their subjects, as might be expected from a 
scholar like Professor Gildersleeve, are mainly 
drawn from the classical world, and include 
"The Legend of Venus," "Xanthippe and 
Socrates," " Lucian," besides the less familiar 
names of " ApoUonius of Tyana," "Platen," 
etc. ; while the chatty way in which the author 
moves about in such company almost takes 
away one's breath to behold. The man who 
spoke disrespectfully of the dative case was 
certainly not more audacious than Professor 
Gildersleeve when he deals with the respectable 
Father Anchises after this fashion : 

<*Anchises is a more fortunate Adonis, and if it were 
not too irreverent we might call him the * Bottom ' of 
the Greek < Midsummer Night's Dream.' As Oberon 
made Titania fall in love with the weaver, so Zeus him- 
self put forth his power to mortify golden Aphrodite ; 
and if the Greek < Bottom ' has not an ass's head the 
candor of his animal nature reminds us forcibly of Iiis 
English analagon. Perhaps, however, this is all preju- 
dice, and we may as well frankly acknowledge that our 
conception of pater Anchises has always been grotesque. 
To carry or to be carried piek-a-pack is graceful 
neither in the carrier or the carried, and we cannot 
conceive Anchises otherwise than mounted on the 
shoulders of pious ^neas, with a pad under him to 
make his old bones comfortable. As Virgil describes 
him, the old gentleman was little more than a respect- 
able mummy; but even in the prime of his youth and 
beauty, * strolling backward and forward and loudly 
a-sounding his cithern,' he is rather amusing than 
heroic, if we may trust the charmingly na\ve rei>ort in 
the Homeric hymn on Aphrodite." 

The handsome and portly volume concludes 
with two short addresses delivered to the Johns 
Hopkins University graduates in the years 
1886 and 1888. These recur again to the 
subject of classical study, but are not-open to | 

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the criticism of the earlier essays, being also 
interesting as the retrospect of the longest 
occupant of a professorial chair in that insti- 
tution of high ideals and worthy achievement. 
It is interesting to learn that an institution 
founded for the sake of supplying in America 
the same advanced instruction offered by the 
German universities already outranks in num- 
bers many of the minor German universities^ 
and that in the more abstruse and recondite 
studies, such as Assyrian and Sanskrit, it holds 
its own with some of the leading schools of 
Europe. The plea for a university exchange, 
whereby American students may pass from one 
university to another in the pix)secution of a 
line of study, as they do in Germany, is 
another sign of liberal tendencies in educa- 
tional appliances, and one which it is hoped 
may soon be undertaken. 

Anna B. McMahan. 



CONSTITUTIOXS ANJ) IXSTITUTJOXS.* 



In recognition of the necessity of re-stating 
the historical propositions as to the origin of 
our national system, and ascertaining the true 
" vanishing-point for the perspective of our 
national history," President Small presents in 
the first of a series of monographs a sum- 
mary statement of the doings and resolutions 
of the Continental Congresses of 1774 and 
1775. Upon the basis of the powers and 
functions in fact exercised by these bodies, he 
proposes to show the actual constitutional re- 
lations then existing between the Continental 
Congi-ess and the colonies. He combats vig- 
orously the theory that there was at that time 
a true union to any extent. The Conthiental 
Congress of the pre-confederation period was 
not a government or an instrument of govern- 
ment ; it was the friend and adviser of the 
colonies ; it was '' the cleai*ing-house of colonial 
opinion," or ''the central office of a cooper- 
ative political signal service," to which the 

* Beginnings ok American Nationality. By Albion 
W. Small, Ph.D. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University 
Studies. 

The Spanish Colonization in the Southwest. By 
Frank W. Blackmar, Ph.D. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins 
University Studies. 

The Political Beginnings of Kentucky. By John 
Mason Brown. "'Filson Club Publications.'' Louisville: 
John P. Morton & Co. 

The Village Community. With special reference to the 
origrin and form of its survivals in Britain. By George Lau- 
rence Gomme. New York : Scribner & Welford. 



people of the colonies looked, "not for sanc- 
tions, in the legal sense, but for signs/' Un- 
questionably, the constitutional historian of 
the future will so class the Continental Con- 
gress, in his tracing of the development of the 
national sentiment in America. But it is to 
be feared that in the pamphlet under consider- 
ation, so much effort is made to swing the 
pendulum of public opinion away from the 
extreme idea of a pre-confederation imion, as 
to tend to carry it to the other extreme. In- 
deed, the learned author states the piHjposition 
which he aims ultimately to prove, to be that 
" the people of the United States simply dodged 
the responsibility of formulating their will 
upon the distinct subject of national sover- 
eignty until the legislation of the sword began 
in 1861." The duty of challenging this extra- 
ordinary statement involves the duty of exam- 
ining closely every step in the proposed sj'l- 
logism. 

The stress of the argument in this pamphlet 
is laid upon the revolutionary and extra-gov- 
ernmental character of the Continental Con- 
gresses, theii* lack of legal authority to bind 
the people of the colonies by legislation, their 
abstinence in general from the assumption of 
governmental power, and their exercise in the 
main of the privilege of advising the colonies. 
Such legislative authority as they did exercise 
was assumed, and derived jwwer only from the 
ratification of the people by their acquiescence. 
From these data is drawn the premise that in 
this acquiescence by the people in the assum]>- 
tions of power by the Congress, are to lie 
tfaced the beginnings of nationality. But in 
truth the beginnings are traceable further back 
in the colonial history, and the calling and 
convenmg and sittings of the Congress wei*e 
but steps in the development. Evidences of 
this are abundant in the pages of President 
Small's monograph. 

The failure of previous attempts at cooper- 
ation, from the New England Confederation 
of 1643 to the Albany convention of 1754, 
which is here emphasized as showing that tlie 
colonies were not ready for union, evidences 
the beginnings of a national feeling. Each 
renewed attempt at union exhibits an increase 
in the tendency toward nationality. Frank- 
lin's plan, in 1754, of a union of the colonies 
for certain general and external purposes, 
showed how far the national sentiment was 
controlling at least one great mind. The man- 
ner in which the Congress of 1774 was called 
together illustrates more powerfully than does 

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the action of the Congress itself the extent of 
national feeling. Out of the twelve colonies 
there represented, the delegates from nine were 
chosen by the people themselves independently 
of any action by the colonial legislatures, and 
in several instances counties sent delegates. 
The fact that the people of nine colonies thus 
took steps toward union, irrespective of their 
local governments, is significant. It was fitting 
that the people should instruct these, their 
delegates, to confer for the protection of the 
intei*ests of America^ and that the (conti- 
nental Congress should accordingly, in the 
exei'cise of its limited powers, speak for 
America. To the Congress of 1775 six col- 
onies sent delegates by the primary action of 
the people. The fact that in others where the 
people had taken the initiative in 1774, the 
colonial assemblies now acted, does not dis- 
prove that there was in fact a popular move- 
ment toward nationality. 

President Small throughout this monograph 
speaks of the colonies as corporations. In 
what precise sense this term is used, is not 
apparent. If intended to define their status 
in 1774 under the British Constitution, it can- 
not be accepted. If employed for want of a 
term more exactly illustrative of the existing 
status of the colonies, it is misleading by 
reason of the very general use of the term 
•■* corporation " in other senses. Such a colony 
was neither a private nor a municipal corpo- 
ration, acc*ording to the present usage of those 
terms. In the English law the colonies had 
originally been classed as civil corporations ; 
but they had long outgrown that character and 
were entitled to the status of political sub- 
divisions of the British Empire. The reader 
of this monograph and its successors should 
not think of the colonies as merely '* corpora- 
tions." It is too narrow a view to take of 
the colonial action in 1775, that revolution was 
an accomplished fact because ^^each colonial 
corporation '' (sic) which had discarded its 
chai-ter government had thereby "decreed 
anarchy.'' Each colony was a political, not 
a municipal, department of the British Empire. 
Each was in the exercise of legislative func- 
tions for itself. The severance of the relation 
to the British crown as the executive power 
did not upset government entirely. It was of 
the essence of the American claim, that there 
was political power in the people. Indeed, 
two of the colonies had commenced as repub- 
lics, and had never ceased to assert the right 
of the people to a share in the government. 



Whatever view we adopt of the popular will- 
ingness, in 1774 and 1775, to decree a new 
national order of things, there can be no doubt 
that the i)eople in nine of the colonies asserted 
in 1774 their inherent riffht to send delegates 
to a continental conference. When President 
Small asserts that "the Congress of 1775 did 
no act by any power other than that which the 
sejxirate corporations represented individually 
constituted," he is apparently hampered by the 
old British view of the colonies as civil corpo- 
rations, and has lost sight of their existing 
status as political entities. 

The pamphlet closes with the work of the 
Congressional session of 1775, and is to be 
followed by a future application of the same 
line of considerations to the later proceedings 
of the Congress, in which it may be hoped 
that the evidences of the continuous evolution 
of older tendencies towartl nationality will not 
be overlooked. 

Professor Frank W. Blackmai*, in his Johns 
Hopkins University study upon "Spanish 
Colonization in the Southwest," a monograph 
of seventy-two pages, has pointed out the dis- 
tinctive features of the Spanish system of 
settlements which so broadly differentiated 
them from English colonial settlements. It 
was in Spain that the Roman civilization first 
took ])ossession of a province and secured its 
firmest footing; and the Spanish colonization 
followed principally, though not without ex- 
ceptions, the Boman type, — the resemblance 
continuing until recent times. The Spanish 
conquests in America, as preserved, extended, 
and shaped by Charles V., Philip II., and 
their succ*essors, were prosecutetl under the 
direct authority of the state through the three- 
fold agency of its civil, military, and religious 
forces. Thus were planted, from time to time, 
pueblos, presidios, and missions, each develop- 
ing in its own way and each exerting its own 
peculiar influence over the native inhabitants 
of Mexic»o and California. The political in- 
dependence of the early Spanish municipal- 
ities, shorn of some of its strength by royal 
limitaticms, was transplanted to the soil of the 
Southwest; but the paternal government of 
Spain, by its liberal grants to settlers of land 
and by other privileges and conveniences, and 
by subjecting the natives to their service as 
laborers, deprived its colonists of those in- 
centives to lal)or and struggle which would 
have made the Spanish colonies strong like 
those planted by Englishmen. ^^ ^ 

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Mr. John Mason Brown, of Louisville, before 
his late lamented death, had completed the 
manuscript of his historical tract on the " Pol- 
itical Beginnings of Kentucky," which his as- 
sociates of the Filson Club have now added to 
their list of publications. The leading events 
in the history of the new state, prior to its ad- 
mission into the Union, are graphically stated, 
and incidents or movements which have here- 
tofore been the subject of dispute are critically 
examined by this new historian, whose valuable 
researches into our unwritten history were in- 
terrupted by his untimely death. So much of 
the matter which makes up this volume has 
been gathered from original sources as to justify 
this rewriting of the old story of the settlement 
of the first state west of the Alleghanies. Mr. 
Brown brings much additional evidence to the 
vindication of the memory of his eminent ances- 
.tor, John Brown, delegate from Virginia in the 
Continental Congress and first senator of the 
new state of Kentucky, from the already ex- 
ploded charge of disloyalty, and to sustain his 
conclusion that " the so-called ' Spanish Con- 
spiracy,' gloomily imagined as concocted with 
Gardoqui, was but a figment of an incensed 
political adversary's brain, a suspicion unsup- 
ported by a particle of testimony, un vouched 
by document, unestablished by dej^sition, and 
refuted by every proof." 

Lovers of romance will find it in real life in 
the early history of Kentucky, as painte<l by 
Mr. Brown. The latest of all attempts at pro- 
prietary government within the present domain 
of the United States was the Transylvania col- 
ony, planted in Kentucky, but which the strong 
republican sense of the American people killed 
in its infancy. The story of the efforts of Ken- 
tucky toward indej)endent statehood is drama- 
tic. The idea was broached as early as 1780, 
organized into a movement in 1784, but, though 
having the concurrence of the parent state Vir- 
ginia, was delayed from year to year by appar- 
ently trifling causes, until 1788, when, just as 
all other obstacles had been removed, and the 
Continental Congress was ready to recognize a 
fourteenth member of the Confederacy, the 
announcement of the ratification, by the ninth 
state, of the Federal Constitution, set the new 
national government in operation, and deprived 
the Continental Congress of all power in the 
premises. Then ensued the episode of the rival 
diplomacy of Spain and England, each endeav- 
oring for its own purposes to detach Kentucky 
from the Union and engage her in a separate 
alliance. But the closest research shows no real 



encouragement given to these schemes. The 
commei'cial necessity of an outlet at New Or- 
leans for Kentucky products, and the improve- 
ments in river navigation, stimulated the dis- 
cussion of the opening of the Mississippi ; but 
the Kentucky colonists loyally sought the open- 
ing of that great river under American auspices. 
The "Political Club" at Danville discussed 
the proposed Federal Constitution with as much 
detail and minuteness as the towns of Massar 
chusetts observed in discussing the provisions 
of their State Constitution. The records of 
that club still contain the faded manuscript 
endorsed, "The Constitution of the United 
States of America as amended and approved 
by the Political Club." But with the delays 
occasioned by the necessity of fresh legislative 
action in Virginia, and by the suspicions which 
were afloat as to the schemes of European diplo- 
mats, it was not until 1792 that Kentucky had 
the opportunity to become permanently enrolled 
in the list of American states. 

The essay of Mr. Gomme, on " The Village 
Community" as exhibited in various archaic 
survivals in Great Britain, will be found not 
only interesting but highly entertaining. The 
advanced views of this writer will enlist the 
attention of those readers who have followed 
the discussion of the question from Maine to 
Seebohm and Koss. He aims to show that the 
origin of the Village Community in Britain is 
not only pre-Roman but pre-Teutonic ; and that 
both there and in India it was primarily a non- 
Aryan institution, which has perpetuated itself 
under an Aryan overlordship, imposed upon it 
by Aryan conquerors ; while in Britain he seeks 
to trace its continuity from pre-Aryan times, 
as affected by alternate conquests of Teutonic 
and Roman invaders. The process employed 
is a detailed examination of all the evidences 
disclosed in the writings of previous investiga- 
tors, as well as those collected by the author 
himself. History, archaeology, law, custom and 
folk-lore are all appealed to, and he ingeniously 
finds support for his theory in all these fields 
of inquiry. The result is a work which will be 
read with interest, even by those who here for 
the first time examine the subject. Many and 
various features of the survival of archaic cus- 
toms, and many historical facts, are adduced 
to show that the Village Community was a vig- 
orous institution prior to the Roman invasion 
of Britain, and to illustrate the effect upon the 
institution of that invasion, and also of the 
later conquests by the Northmen. The Roman 

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165 



system of towns, connecting highways, and a 
commercial world, was imposed for a time upon 
the earlier agricultural communities of Britain. 
The Teutonic conquest placed the agricultural 
interests again in the ascendency. Villages or- 
ganized for agricultural purposes succeeded to 
commercial towns, and oftentimes u}X)n their 
iTiins. 

The Teutonic village communities had no use 
for towns ; and in this fact Mr. Gomme finds 
the explanation of the complete destruction of 
so many fortified Roman towns. An instance 
of the operation of these influences is found in 
London. The Roman commercial metropolis 
was not only reduced in size, but in its suburbs 
the Village Community, with all its character- 
istic features, was planted, and it governed the 
city and flourished for centuries, until again 
enveloped in the folds of the new and expand- 
ing metropolis. In the Customs of London, 
whose archaic features have long attracted the 
attention of the curious, both within and with- 
out the legal profession, Mr. Gomme finds light 
thrown upon the municipal history. Certain 
of these customs, now nearly extinct but once 
well-marked, he identifies as those of the Vil- 
lage Community, evidencing a period when that 
institution assumed the control of the former 
metropolis. Certain other customs, Roman in 
their origin, he finds surviving and asserting 
themselves during the period of Teutonic su- 
premacy, and operating in due time, with 
others, to again metamorphose the city, and 
make commercial customs and interests domi- 
nant. We refrain from extracting passages 
from Mr. Gomme's pages on this subject, pre- 
ferring to send readers to the original. The 
full illustration of the community villages of 
Chippenham and Malmesbury, and of their 
perpetuation of ancient customs with the force 
of local law, is no less interestmg. These vil- 
lages having been free from the influences of 
Roman occupation, Mr. Gomme appropriately 
presents them as more nearly typical of the 
Village Community pure and simple, than the 
manor and village of Hitehin, which were taken 
as a type by Mr. Seebohm. Less full, because 
of the paucity of material, but of equal inter- 
est, is this author's treatment of the institutions 
and agricultural customs of the hill-dwelling 
tribes in England, whose history antedates that 
of the villagers. The same mode of examma- 
tion, applied to the subject of the ancient hilU 
dwellers in Ireland, would furnish another valu- 
able text-book for the student of early institu- 
tions. James O. Pierce. 



BuiKFs OX Ke>v Books. 

Mk. W. E. Henley's "Views and Reviews" 
(Scribner) is described 1)y himself as " a mosaic of 
scraps and shreds recovered from the shot rubbish 
of some fourteen years of journalism." There 
are forty little reviews and a good many more 
views, and for the reviews as a whole more is 
to be said than for the views. Mr. Henley's most 
interesting views are those anent the chief English 
and B'rench novelists. Dickens is to him a great 
and serious artist, representative and national. 
Thackeray is merely " a student of the meannesses 
and the minor miseries of existence, the toothaches 
and the pimples of experience." Clarissa Harlowe 
" remains the Eve of fiction, the prototype of the 
modern heroine ;" Fielding is " worthy to dispute 
the palm with Cervantes and Sir Walter as the 
heroic man of letters ;" and for George Meredith 
he has no higher praise than that of being " a com- 
panion for Balzac and Richardson, an intimate for 
Fielding and Cervantes." Tolstoi is "the great 
optimist, and his work is wholesome in direct ratio 
to the vastness of his talent," etc. For George 
Eliot, on the other hand, Mr. Henley has nothing 
but the savage epigrams of the clubman : " t^allas 
with prejudices and a corset," etc. He has appar- 
ently heard of but two Americans of genius — 
Longfellow and Whitman — for each of whom he 
has a good word. Upon the " literary American " 
in general he bestews the conventional cheap sneer. 
From the exploration of Landor's works he returns 
jaded as from " a continent of dulness and futility ;" 
but he finds Dr. Hake to be "one of the most 
earnest and original of poets." These are samples 
of the " Views." As for the " Reviews," we may 
say at once that they were worth reprinting. If 
they sometimes fail in justness of appreciation, they 
seldom lack crispness of expression. When the 
critical verdicts are not true, they have at least the 
merit of being half-true. Mr. Henley's truth is 
as likely as not to be commonplace — ^as where for 
the thousandth time he refutes Macaulay concern 
ing Boswell, oblivious of the fact that Carlyle had 
performed the task once for all. Almost wholly 
admirable are the reviews of Matthew Arnold and 
of George Meredith, and that upon Heine contains a 
delightful castigation of the ignoble herd of trans- 
lators. On the whole, the reader who has lost his 
bearings in the jungle of modern " printed matter" 
might do worse than to accept the guidance, as far 
as it goes, of Mr. Henley's " Reviews." And the 
reader who has better guides will hardly fail of 
amusement in reviewing these " Views," and may 
even pick up a nugget or two in the midst of all 
this " shot rubbish." 



The new and rapidly extending interest in an- 
tiquarian art lias induced an English translation 
of the valuable French work by Messrs. Greorges 
Perrot and Charles Chipiez, entitled "History of 
Art in Sardinia, Judea, Syria, and AsiaMinor " 

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[Oct., 



(Armstrong). The translation and English notes 
are by I. Gonino, whose precise knowledge of the 
subject-matter enables him to elucidate many facts 
only passingly touched by the authors. The work 
is issued in two large octavo volumes, and is illus- 
trated with more than 400 engravings, including 
eight steel and colored plates. The first volume is 
devoted to Sardinia and Judea. The researches 
of the authors have brought forth a mass of 
curious and important information. A careful 
portion of the opening chapter is on Sardinian 
civilization. Under the head of Judea the student 
will find a history of the temple with topography 
of Jerusalem, a description of Mount Moriah, and 
architectural forms and materials used in the 
inclosure wall. The methods used in restoring the 
temple are developed, and there is a scheme by 
which a scientific study of Jewish art may be more 
deliberately prosecuted. A chapter is devoted to 
the Temple of £zekiel, and another to sepulchral, 
religious, and domestic architecture and sculpture. 
In this will also be found the rudiments of gl3ri)tic 
art, of painting and the industrial arts, and a con- 
sideration of Hebraic archaeology. The second 
volume carries the authors' inquiries into Northern 
Syria and Cappadocia. They present a concise 
view of the writings of the Hittites, and their 
architecture and sculpture are carefully considered. 
One chapter treats of the art of Asia Minor as 
seen in civil and military architecture, in the sanc- 
tuary, the palace, and necropolis. No recent con- 
tribution to history is more effectual than this work 
in demonstrating the unity of origin of all Aiyan 
peoples and Aryan art ; nor does any other more 
clearly establish that moderns have improved little 
upon the principles of aesthetics practiced by early 
orientals in decorative, domestic, and industrial art. 
The work is written in a clear, scholarly, and pol- 
ished style, and the translation is worthy of it. 

The third volume of the valuable '* Riverside 
Science Series " (Houghton) is entitled " Heat as a 
Form of Energy,*' and is written by Robert H. 
Thurston of Cornell University. The opening chap- 
ter, on "The Philosophers* Ideas of Heat," gives 
a survey of early theories, and is interesting as show- 
ing many correspondences between ancient and mod- 
em notions. But the former were merely ingenious 
guesses, and no real progress was made until exper- 
iment and induction began. Even so late as the 
beginning of the present century, scientific men were 
still disputing the nature of heat, and were divided 
into two gi-eat parties, the one holding with Sir Isaac 
Newton that heat was a substance emitted in the 
form of minute projectiles, bombarding all surround- 
ing objects ; the other asserting that it was simply 
a mode of motion, a variety of energy consisting in 
the vibration of particles of bodies. Due considera- 
tion is then given to the part played by Count Rum- 
ford and by Sir Humphrey Davy in confirming the 
second hypothesis; by Joule in finding accurate 
measures of the mechanical equivalent of heat; by 



Rankine, Clausius, Thomson, Zeuner, and others, in 
their several contributions of discovery, which finally 
gave us, about the middle of the century, a true 
science of thermodynamics. Thus the way was 
opened to a science of heat-motors, and the applica- 
tion of these well-established principles becomes the 
means through which the energy of heat-motion is 
converted by transformation into the various mani- 
festations of mechanical energy, or through which 
tlie operation of mechanical power is made to result 
in the production of heat. Professor Thurston gives 
some space to air and gas engines, their work and 
their promise ; and there is an admirable chapter, 
illustrated by several plates, on the development of 
the steam-engine. The great defect of the pre^^ent 
appliances of tiiermodynamics is the enonnous 
amount of heat-waste thus far found unavoidable; 
the great desideratum is some means of imitating 
nature in the production of light without heat-\i'a8te, 
one which, like the glowworm, shall utilize an iUani- 
inant and a lighting system for the conversion of 
substantially all applied energy into ether-vibrations 
of the luminous kind. Whether man will ever suc- 
ceed in such an achievement, the author does not 
undei*take to decide, but that it is among the prob- 
abilities, he has no doubt ; nor does he doubt that 
the future has wonders in store for us fully as im- 
pressive and important as any that have astonished 
and delighted the present generation. 

The third volume in the ''Famous Women of 
the French Court" series (Scribner), "Marie An- 
toinette and the End of the Old Regime," seems 
to us to be the best of the set, so far. Beginning 
with the birth of the Dauphin, in 1781, the author 
reviews rapidly and graphically the leading events 
in the life of the unfortunate Queen, up to the ter- 
rible 6th of October, 1789, when the amazons of the 
Fanbaurg escorted •* the baker, the baker's wife, and 
the baker *s little boy " on their last journey from 
Versailles to the Tuilleries. Why M. de Saint- 
Amand thought fit to break off his narrative at this 
point is not evident. We should have preferred a 
continuation of it, instead of the long and senti- 
mentally retrosp'^ctive chapter on the fortunes of 
*' Versailles since 1789,'' with which the volume 
concludes. The author has not, of course, omitted 
the story of the diamond necklace from his recital. 
and he tells it very well : we recommend this part 
of the work as a good preparative to the enjoyment 
of Carlyle's brilliant but rather tojisy-turvy narra- 
tive. The present volume will be found, like its 
predecessors, entertaining and not uninstructive. Its 
pages are a-glitter with the details of balls, banquets, 
court-spectacles, and court dresses — ^the parapher- 
nalia of a class and system of which our author is a 
determined panegyrist. The superficial glories of 
the *' Old Regime " have captivated his imagination 
to the detriment of his judgment ; and the mass of 
anecdote, description, and quotation, which forms 
the ground-work of his book, is strung together on 
a thread of unwarrantably regretful reflection. Mor- 



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alizing on the altered fortunes of the palace of Ver- 
sailles, he exclaims, *' Not even the chambers of the 
kings inspired respect." We think it would puzzle 
M. de Saint-Amand to give a good and sufficient 
reason why they should. 

The second volume of the " Adventure Series " 
(Macmillan) is a reprint, elaborately edited by 
Captain Pasfield Oliver, R.A., of that very curious 
eighteenth century document, "Robert Drmy*s 
Journal." The *' Journal" is, or pretends to be, 
an account of the fifteen years' captivity of the 
author in Madagascar, during which period he 
claims to have been held in slavery by the natives 
of the island. Drury's story was first published in 
1729 and has passed through six editions, being 
generally regarded as authentic and freely quoted 
as first-hand authority by subsequent writei-s on 
JVIadagascar. Drury's veracity has, however, been 
impeached of late, and the editor of the present 
'volume, after much deliberation, enrolls himself 
among the doubting Thomases, basing his distrust 
chiefly on certain suspicious resemblances between 
the *' Journal" and De Flacourt's "Histoire de 
3Iadagascar," which was issued sixty-eight years 
anterior to it. Drury was an unlettered man, and 
his •* Journal," in the form in which we have it, is 
largely the work of an editor (perhaps the " un- 
abashed Defoe" himself) who, in compiling the 
nainrative from the " yarns " of the returned cast- 
away, probably drew on extant works on Mada- 
^rascar, besides enriching the whole with the embel- 
lishments of his own imagination. But there is 
undoubtedly a substratum of truth to the story, 
^'hich is told very much in Defoe*s manner. 
Drury 's adventures, as related in the "Journal," 
were certainly of the most surprising character, 
and we commend them to the attention of lovers of 
the marveUous. The volume is liberally illustrated, 
and contains, in addition to Drury's narrative, a 
critical and descriptive introduction by the editor, 
Drury *s vocabulary of the Madagascar language, 
and an abridgement of the Abb^ Rochon's " Account 
of Madagascar." 

A WELL-ARRANGED and well-considered work 
for advanced students in the Grerman language is 
Book I. of Professor Carla Wenckebach's " Deutsche 
Literaturgeschichte " (Heath), and we take pleas- 
ure in recommending it to all who wish to lay the 
foundation of a thorough and scientific knowledge 
of the Grerman language and literature. The series 
will consist of three books, each embracing the pro- 
ductions of a separate period: the first, from the 
dawn of the German literature until 1100 ; the 
second, from 1100 until 1624 ; and the third, from 
1624 up to the present time. Professor Wencke- 
bach's work seems to be arranged throughout on 
the rational principle that instruction in the devel- 
opment of a literature, if it is to be thorough, 
must be accompanied by instruction in the develop- 
ment of the people, period for period ; that no lit- 



erary work can be grasped and enjoyed unless 
something is known of the social conditions that 
surrounded its author. Teachers are often com- 
pelled, through inaccessibility of material, to attempt 
to impart a knowledge of German literature with- 
out giving the pupil adequate examples. In the 
Literaturgeschichte will be found, under the head 
of Muster stflck^i (specimen-pieces), a well-chosen 
collection of examples conveniently arranged for 
reference. Lack of space compels us to pass over 
other commendable features of this work. It 
should be mentioned, however, that the typography 
is especially good — so good as to reduce considera- 
bly the eye-destroying qualities of the Grerman text. 

The fact that public attention has so recently 
been drawn to the republics of Guatemala and Sal- 
vador renders Mr. Frank Vincent's new book, " In 
and Out of Central America" (Appleton), a very 
timely one. The writer is a keen-eyed and practiced 
observer who rapidly '* takes in " the chief outward 
features of the places and peoples he visits ; and 
while he does not linger very long, or cut very deep, 
he gives us plenty of the sort of information that 
intelligent readers look for in books of travel. The 
volume is written in a very agreeable style, clear, 
direct, with an occasional touch of humor. Unlike 
many other wi*iters in his chosen field, Mr. Vincent 
is modest enough to think that what he saw is of 
more importance to his readers than what he felt 
when he saw it; hence no time is wasted by him 
in fiorid ''word painting" or sentiment. Not more 
than half the book is devoted to Central America 
— the states of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, 
Salvador, and Guatemala being treated in turn, — 
while the rest is made up of sketches ranging from 
the Antilles and Brazil, to Siam and Cambodia. The 
work is liberally illustrated and is supplied with the 
requisite maps. _ 

Major Conder's ** Palestine," in the "Great 
Explorers" series (Dodd), takes us for a pleasant 
ramble " in those holy fields " which the author has 
so recently explored. The work is not an archaeo- 
logical treatise, but a running glance at the work 
of the Palestine Exploring Expedition, which 
Major Conder led. Much of personal incident is 
scattered through the narrative and enlivens it. 
The position is well taken that the students of 
Biblical history of the school of Ewald and Well- 
hausen take a one-sided view of their subject, 
through a deficiency of archaeological knowledge, 
and that a lengthened sojourn in Palestine would 
modify many of their dogmas. Major Conder 
suggests forcibly that the oriental mind has ever 
been, not an editing^ but a commeiitdting one. 
His picture of the Moslem world is an interesting 
revelation, showing as many hypocritical professors 
of the faith there as in Christendom. The author, 
of course, parades his hobby, the "Mongolian" 
Hittite theory, and he is too eager to tell us how 
competent Major Claude Regnier Conderyas for 

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the work undertaken; but we can condone his 
assumptions and liis foibles in view of his valuable 

researches. 

A CONTEMPORARY volume on a kindred theme 
with the above, ^^ Palestine under the Moslems'' 
(Houghton), is one in which a competent scholar 
sinks himself in his subject. Mr. Guy Le Strange 
has won greater distinction in editing mediaeval 
travels for the Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society 
than in editing semi-political correspondence of the 
present century, in which he is not at home. In 
the work now under notice his foot is on his native 
heath, his object being <^ to translate and thus ren- 
der available the mass of interesting information 
about Palestine which lies buried in the Arabic 
texts of the Moslem geographers and travellers of 
the middle ages.*' The result is a work which must 
take its place on our shelves alongside Robinson's 
"Biblical Researches in Palestine" and the pub- 
lications of the Palestine Exploration Fund. For 
those who do not read Arabic the work is done 
once for all, and an exhaustive and scholarly g^uide- 
book for mediaeval Palestine is provided. It is 
dry reading in many places, but at times the nar- 
rative expands into most vivid and fascinating por- 
trayals, with all the naivetS of a mind at once 
mediaeval and oriental. 

One of the most amusing things in the way of 
feminine "globe-trotting" reminiscences that we 
have seen is Miss Sara Jeannette Duncan's "A 
Social Departure " (Appleton). Women are usually 
denied humor ; but Miss Duncan has a good deal 
of it — a dry cis-Atlantic humor with a Mark 
Twainish flavor. Unfortunately, the writer's fun 
sometimes degenei*ates into flippancy ; the book, 
too, is rather too long, — but it is so amusing that 
we cannot quarrel with it on that score. The nu- 
merous illustrations by F. H. Townsend are spirited 
and well reproduced. 

The Dial ia again called upon to cbrouicle the death 
of one of its contributors, — one of its oldest and best, 
the Rev. Dr. Horatio K. Powers, who died suddenly at 
his parsonage home at Piermont-on-the-Hudson, Sep- 
tember 6, in his sixty-fourth year. Last winter, his 
health failing somewhat alarmingly, Dr. Powers took a 
trip to Europe with his family, from which he returned 
in the summer apparently much improved. A letter 
received from him hardly two weeks before his death 
shows at its full that buoyancy and hope so character- 
istic of him throughout his life. Dr. Powers was bom 
iu Ameuia, N. Y., was graduated at Union College and 
tlie Protestant-Episcopal Theological Seminary in New 
York City, was ordained by Bishop Horatio Potter, and 
became rector successively of parishes at I^ancaster, 
Pa.; Davenport, Iowa; Chicago; Bridgeport, Conn.; and 
Piermont-on-the-Hudson. In addition to his regular 
and successful pastoral work, Dr. Powers found a large 
space in his life for literature, and for the companion- 
ship of literar}' men — among them, Bryant, Bayai*d 
Taylor, and others of the older school. Art study and 
criticism was always with him a favorite pursuit ; he 
was for several yeara the American correspondent of 



" L'Art," and was a frequent writer upon art and liter- 
ary topics in the periodicals. He also wrote mnch for 
the religious press, and a volume of his religious essap, 
with the title « Through the Year," was published in 
1875. But his best love was given to poetry. Many 
of his pieces have been widely copied, and have a place 
in the standard anthologies of English verse. Two 
volumes of hLs poems have been published — "Early 
and Late " in 1876, and " A Decade of Song " in 1885. 
His poetry reflects a tender and genuine feeling for 
nature, an introspective habit that enabled him to see a 
spiritual meaning in all things, and a cheerful serenity 
of disposition that kept his spirit young and his imag- 
ination responsive to all beautiful forms and thoughts. 
Such poems as " My Walk to Church," for example, 
are tndy Wordsworthian in depth, tenderness, and sim- 
plicity. Our readers will, we are sure, be glad to see 
this poem reprinted here, not only for its characteristic 
poetic qualities, but for its personal tone and for the 
glimpses it reveals of the beautiful and kindly spirit 
that inspired it. 

MY WALK TO CHURCH. 

Breathinff the Summer-acented air 
Along: the bowery mountain way. 

Each Lord's-day momin? I repair 
To serve my church, a mile away. 

Below, the glorious river lies — 
A bright, broad-breaated, sylvan sea; 

And I'ound the samptuous highlands rise, 
Fair as the hills of Galilee. 

Young flowers are in my path. I hear 

Music of unrecorded tone. 
The heart of Beauty beats so near, 
"^ Its pulses modulate my own. 

The sliadow on the meadow's breast 
Is not more calm than my reiKise, 

As. step by step; I am the guest 
Of every living thing that grows. 

All, something melts along the sky. 

And something rises from the ground. 
And fills the inner ear and eye 

Beyond the sense of sight and sound. 

It LB not that I strive to see 

Wliat Love in lovely shapes has wrought,— 
Its gracious messages to me 

Come, like the gentle dews, unsought. 

I merely walk with open heart 
Which feels the secret in the sign; 

But oh, how laige and rich my part 
III all that makes the feast divine! 

Sometimes I hear the happy birds 
That sang to Christ beyond the sea. 

And softly His consoling words 
Blend with their joyous minstrelsy. 

Sometimes in royal vesture glow 

llie lilies that He called so fair, 
Which never toil nor spin, yet show 

The loving Father's tender care. 

And then along the fragrant hills 
A radiant presence seems to move. 

And earth grows fairer as it fills 
The very air I breathe with love. 

And now I see one perfect face; 

And, hastening to my church's door. 
Find Him within the holy place 

Who, all my way, went on before. 



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Topics in Treading Pkiuodicals. 

October, 1890, 

Altdorf. W. D. McCrackan. Atlantic. 

American Girls m E nrpp e. Madam Adam. North American. 

American literature, Women in. Helen G. Cone. Century, 

American Universities. A. D. White. North American. 

Anient Dwellings of the Rio Verde. £. A. Mearns. Pop. Set. 

Anthropology and Fall of Man. A. D. White. Pop. Sci. 

Amold^^B Treason. John FSske. Atlantic. 

Assessment life Insurance. G. D. Eldridgre. North Am. 

Atlantic Barrier Beaches. F. J. H. Memll. Pop. Science. 

Bidfonr's Answer to Famell. JohnMorley. North American. 

British Ijahor Tendencies. Michael Davitt. North Am. 

Cahle Expedition, With a. H. L. Webb. Scribner. 

Gave-DweUings. F. T. Bickford. Century, 

Character in Schools. Abby M. Diaz. Arena. 

(liemical Truth. Louis Olivier. Popular Science. 

China, Irrigation in. Tcheng Ki Ton^. Popular Science. 

China's Menace. Thomas Siumree. Forum. 

Citizenship, A Test of. Century. 

City Houses. J. W. Koot. Scribner. 

CliraAte luid the GKilf Stream. J. W. Kedway. F&rttm. 

Constitutions and Institutions. James O. Pierce. Died. 

Cotton-Spinning. H. V. Meigs. Popular Science. 

Crowns and Coronets. G. P. A. Healey. North American. 

Daughters, Future of (hir. Helen E. Starrett. Forum. 

Death Penalty. G. F. Shrady. Arena. 

Descartes, Ren4. Popular Science. 

Earth-Artificers, Two. Selim H. Peabody. Dial. 

*' Earthly Tabernacle." Olive T. Miller. Popular Science. 

Electric Lighting. David Salomons. Lippincott. 

Essays, New and Old. Anna B. McMahan. Dial. 

Faith and Credulity. John Burroughs. North American. 

French Canadian Peasantry. Prosper Bender. Mag, Am. His. 

French Salons, Women of the. Amelia G. Mason. Century. 

Girls' Private Schools. Mrs. Sylvanus Keed. Scribner. 

Guatemala. F. J, A. Darr. Cosmopolitan. 

Health's Invisible Assailants. Samuel Hart. Pop. Science. 

Hexameters and Rhythmic Prose. G. H. Palmer. Atlantic. 

Ibsen, Henrik. E. P. Evans. Atlantic. 

Ibeen, Henrik.^ W. E. Symonds. i>t<ii. 

Japan, An Artist's Letters from. J. La Faige. Century. 

liquor Laws. G. F. Magoun. Popular Science. ^ 

Merit System, The. Century. ^^ 

Meteorites and Stellar Systems. G. H. Darwin. Century. 

Moneys of Lincoln's Administration. L. Chittenden. Harper. 

Moose-Hunting. Julian Ralph. Harper. 

Municipal Reform. E. L. Godkin. North American, 

National Progress. R. S. Storrs. Mag, American History. 

Nationalism. Edward Bellamy. Forum. 

Newman, Cardinal. J. T. Bixby. Arena. 

Office Patronage. H. C. Lodge. Century. 

Over the Teacups. O. W. Holmes. Atlantic. 

Pan-American Conference. North American. 

Persistency of Historic Myths. William F. Poole. Died. 

Postmaster^General and Censorship of Morals. Arena. 

Race Problem. W. S. Scarborouf^. Arena. 

Sand-Waves. J. R. Spears. Scribner. 

saver Act, The New. F.W.Taussig. Forum. 

Sonthold and Her Homes. Mrs. M. J. Lamb. Mag. Am, His, 

University Extension. S. T. Skidmore. Lippincott. 

Vivisection. Edward Berdoe. Century. 

Zodiacal Light. A. W. Wright. Forum, 



Books of the Month. 



[The following list includes all books received by The Dial 
during the month of September, 1890,] 

BIOGBAPHT. 

Henrik Ibeen: 1828-1888. A Critical Biognphy. By Hen- 
rik 'J«eger. From the Norwegian by WilOam Morton 
Payne, truislator of Biomson's ** Sigurd Slembe." Illus- 
trated. 12mo, pp. 275. Uncut. Gilt top. A. C. McClurg & 
Co. «1.50. 

Life of Dorothea Lynde Diz. By Francis Tiffany. With 
Portrait. 12mo, pp. 992. Gnlt top. Houghton, Mifflin 
<&Co. $1.50. 

Famous European Artists. By Sarah K. Bolton, author 
of *' Famous American Authors." Illustrated. 16mo, 
pp.423. T. y. CroweU <fc Co. $1.50. 

Citizeness Bonaparte. By Imbert de Saint- Amand. Trans- 
lated by Thomas Sergeant Perry. With Portrait. 12mo, 
pp. :)0G. Charles Scnbner's Sons. $1.25. 



Am-ed the Great. Bv Thomas Hughes, M.P., author of 
"School Days at Kugby." Illustrated. 16mo, pp. ,'«4. 



Uncut. Houghton, I^fftin & Co. $1.(M). 
Life of Henry Dod^e. From 1782 to IKiS. By William 
Salter. With Portrait and Maps. Large Mvo, pp. 7(>. 
Paper. Mauro <& Wilson. $1.(N). 

HISTOBY, 

The Jews under Roman Rule. By W. D. Morrison. Illus- 
trated. 12mo, pp. 42G. Putnam's *'Stoiy of the Nations" 
Series. $1.50. 

History of the American Episcopal Church. From the 
Pladiting of the Colonies to the end of the Civil War. 
By S. D. McConnell, D. D. 8vo, pp. .firi. Thomas Whit- 
taker. $2.00. 

The Study of History in Holland and BelfiriunL By 
Paul Fr^d^ricq. Authorized Translation. 8vo, pp. 77. 
Paper. The Johns Hopkins Press. 50 cents. 

An Elementary History of the United States. By Charles 
Morris, author of ** Civilization." 12mo, pp. 250. J. B. 
lippincott Co. GO cents. 

ABCH.^OLOGY, 

The Antiquities of Tennessee and the adjacent States ; 
and the State of Aboriginal Society in the Scale of Civil- 
ization Represented by them. A Series of Historical and 
Ethnological Studies. By Gates P. Thruston. Illustrated. 
Royal 8vo, pp. 300. Robt. Clarke & Co. $4.00. 

The Pre-Columbian Discovery of America by the 
Northmen, with Translations from the Icelandic Sagas. 
By B. F. DeCosta. Second Edition. 8vo, pp. 206. Boards. 
Uncut. Joel Mimsell's Sons. $3.(N). 

POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES, 
Civil Government in the United States. Considered 

with some Reference to Its Origin. By John Fiske. 

Crown 8vo, pp. .'WJO. Houghton, Ji£fflin & Co. $1.00. 
An Introduction to the History of the Science of Politics. 

By Sir Henry Pollock, Bart, M.A. 12mo, pp. 128. Mac- 

mdlan & Co. 75 cents. 
Want and Wealth: A Discussion of some Economic 

Dangers of the Day. By Edward J.Shriver. 12mo, pp. 

35. Paper. Putnam's *' Questions of the Day." 25ctB. 

LITEBABY MISCELLANY, 

Literary Essays. By James Russell Lowell. In 4 vols. 
With Portrait. 12mo. Gilt top. Houghton, Mifflin & 
Co. $6.00. 

The Writingrs of Oeorere Waahincrton. Collected and 
Edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. In 14 volumes. 
Vol. VIL, 1778-1779. Royal 8vo, pp. 500. GUt top. G. P. 
Putnam's Sons. $5.00. 

Abraham Lincoln's Pen and Voice: Being a Complete 
Collection of his Letters. Addresses, Inaugurals, etc. By 
G. M. Van Buren. With a Steel Portrait. 12mo, pp. 
435. Robt. Clarke & Co. $1.50. 

Essayes of Montaifirne. Transhited by John Florio. Edited 
by Justin Huntley McCarthy. Vote. III. and IV. With 
two Frontispieces. 32mo. London: David Stott. $1.50. 

The Bssajrs of EUa. Bv Charies Lamb. Edited by August- 
ine BirreU. With Etched Frontispiece. 16mo, pp. ;J28. 
Gilt top. MacmiUan & Co. $1.00. 

The Collected Writingrs of Thomas De Quincey. By 
David Masson. New and Enlarged Edition. In 14 Vols. 
Vols. X. and XL, Literary Theory and Criticism. 16mo. 
Illustrated. Uncut. Macmilhui & Co. Per Vol., $1.25. 

Short Studies of Shakespeare's Plots. By Cyril Ran- 
some, M.A. 12mo, pp. 209. MacmiUan & Co. $1.00. 

The Defense of Poesy. Otherwise known as an Apology 
for Poetry. Bv Sir Philip Sidney. Edited, with Intro- 
duction and Notes, by Albert S. Cook. lOmo, pp. 143. 
Ginn & Co. 

Representative Men; Nature; Addresses and Lectures. 
By Ralph Waldo Emerson. Popular Edition, two vols, 
in one. 12mo, pp. 648. Houghton, Mifflin <& Co. $1.00. 

Bab and His Friends; and other Dogs and Men. By Dr. 
John Brown. With an Outline Sketch of the Author and 
a Portrait. 18mo, pp. 29i). Houghton^s " Riverside Clas- 
sics." $1.00. 

The Nine Worlda Stories from Norse Mythology. By 
Mary E. Litchfield. Illustrated. Ifimo, pp. 1(«. Ginn 
& Co. GO cents. 



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[Oct., 



FICTION. 
Gome Forth. By Elizabeth Stuart Phelm and Herbert D. 

Ward. 16tno, pp. 318. Houghton, Mifflin <& Co. $1.25. 
Plain Tales tcom the Hills. By Kudyard Kipling, author 

of ** Departmental Ditties.^' Third Edition, 12rao, pp. 

310. Uncut. MaciuiUan & Co. $\,m. 
The Anglomanlacs. 12mo, pp. 2SH>. Caasell Pub'g Co. $1. 
Two Modem Women. A novel. By Kate Gannett Wells. 

16nio. J. B. Lippincott C'O. ;}|(1.2.*>. 
Whose Fault? By Jennie Harrison, author of ''Choir 

Boys of Cheswick." 12mo, pp. :3rX). E. P. Dntton & 

Co. $1.25. 
The Blversons : A Tale of the Wissahickon. By S. J. 

Bumstead. 12mo, pp. 448. Welch, Fracker Co. $1.25. 
Catherine's Coquetries— A Tale of French Country Life. 

ByCamille Debans. Translated by Leon Mead. Illus- 
trated. 12too, pp. 174. Worthington Co. Paper, 50 cts. ; 

cloth, $1.00. 
Flirt : A Storv of Parisian Life. By Paul Hervieu. Trans- 
lated by Hugh Craig. Illustrated by Madeleine Lemaire. 

12mo, pp. 273. Paper. Uncut. Worthington Co. 75 cts. 
Paul Nugent, Materialist: AKeply to ''Robert Elsmere.'' 

By Helen F. Hetherington (Gulufer) and Rev. H. Darwin 

Burton. 16mo, pp. 344. Paper. E. P. Dutton <& Co. 50c. 
Dmitri: A Romance of Old Russia. By F. W. Bain, M.A. 

16mo, pp. 282. Paper. Appleton^s " Town and Country 

Library.'' 50 cents. 
Part of the Property. By Beatrice Whitby, author of 

"The Awakening of Mary Fenwick." 16mo, pp. 312. 

Paper. Appleton's "Town and Country Library.'' 50 cts. 
Not of Her Father's Race. Bv William T. Meredith. 

16mo, pp. 291. Paper. Cassell's Sunshine Series." 50 cts. 
The Entedled Hat; or, Patty Cannon's Times. A Romance. 

By George Alfred Townseud (Gath). TJmo, pp. 5<>5. 

Paper. Harper's " Franklin Square Library." 50 cents. 
At an Old Chateau. A Novel. By Katharine S. Macguoid, 

author of '* At the Red Glove.-' 8vo, pp. 226. Paper. 

Harper's " Franklin Square Library." IV> cents. 
The Courtlngr of Dinah Shadd, and other Stories. Bv 

Rudyard Kipling, author of " Plain Tales from the Hills." 

With a Biograpnical and Critical Sketch by Andrew 

Lang. 8vo, pp. 182. Paper. Harper's " Franklin Square 

Library." JW cents. 
Two Masters: A Novel. By B. M. Croker, author of " Proper 

Pride." 12mo, pp. .'^(X). Paper. Lippincott's " Series of 

Select Novels.'* 50 cents. 
In Trust; or Doctor Bertram's Household. By Amanda M. 

Douglas. 16mo, pp. 383. Paper. Lee & Shepard's " Good 

Company Series.^' 50 cents. 
Sunset Pass; or, Running the Gauntlet through Apache 

Land. By Capt. Charles King, author of " The Deserter." 

16mo, pp. 203. Paper. Lovell's "American Authors' 

Series.'' 50 cents. 
Hermia Suydam. By Gertrude Franklin Atherton, author 

of "What Dreams May Come." 16mo, pp. 207. Paper. 

Lovell's " American Authors' Series." 50 cents. 
The Chief Justice. By Karl Emil Franzos. Authorized 

Edition, 16mo, pp. 272. Paper. Lovell's "Series of 

Foreign Literature.^' 50 cents. 
The Bishop's Bible: A Novel. By D. Christie Murray and 

Henry Hermann. Authorized Edition, 16mo, pp. ."^dS. 

Paper. Lovell's "International Series." 50 cents. 
The Keeper of the Iteys. By F. W. Robinson. 16mo, 

pp. 385. Paper. Lovell's '* Litemational Series." 50 cts. 
The Word and the WilL By James Payn, author of 

" Thicker than Water." 16mo, pp. 240. Paper. Lovell's 

' ' International Series. ' ' 50 cents. 
For One and the World. By M. Betham-Ed wards, author 

of " Love and Marriage." 16mo, pp. 340. Paper. Lov- 
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Influence of Fear in Disease. By Dr. Wm. H. Holcombe. 
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TEXT-BOOKS. 

The SaementB of Psycboloflry* By Gabriel Compayr^. 
Translated by William H. Payne, Ph.D., LL.D., author 
of ^* Chapters on School Supervision." 12mo, pp. .'J15. 
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An Baay Method for Beginners in Latin. By Albert Hark- 
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Book (^o. 

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and Charles P. Parker. B.A. Revised Edition. 16mo, 
pp. 109. 6inn & Co. ."W) cents. 

Historiettes Modemee. Kecueillies et Anuot^es par C. 
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Abeille. Par Anatole France. Edited by Charles P. Lebon. 
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[Any book in this list will be mailed to any address, post-paid^ 
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SELECT LIBRARY ""^ T^n^^^"" 

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** Altogether, so excellent a volume of Shakespearean criti- 
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a da,Y-The Nation. N. Y. 

CORSON'S INTRODUCTION TO BROWNING. A guide 
to the study of Browning's poetry. Also hjis 3.3 i)oems,with 
notes. $1.50. 
" The best model of what the introduction to a vrriter should 

be that I have seen in connection with any author.''— 3fr.i?.Cr. 

Moulton, Cambridge, Eng. 

GEORGE'S SELECTIONS FROM WORIXSWORTH. I(i8 

poems, chosen with a view to illustrate the growth of the 

poet's mind and art. $1 .50. 

"" The list is the best possible for a text-book in schools." — 
Aubrey de Vere. 
GEORGE S WORDSWORTH'S PRELUDE. Annotated for 

High School and College. Never before published alone. 

$1.2.5. 

" It is in every wa)r admirable. To wiv that the editing is 
worthy of the text is saying a great deal, yet hardly too 
much."- -Pro/". M. B. Anderson, Iowa State University. 

SIMONDS' SIR THOMAS WYATT AND HIS POEMS. 
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HOIXiKINS' 19TH CENTURY AUTHORS. Gives full 
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MEIKLEJOHN'S ENGLISH LANGUAGE. Treats salient 
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tT^ew Illustrated Edition. 

THE LIGHT OF ASIA ; or, The Great Renun- 
ciation. Being the Life and Teaching of Gautama, Prince 
of India and founder of Buddhism. By Sir Edwin Arnold, 
M.A., K.C.L.E., C.S.L Holiday Edition. Square 12mo. 
Bound in Oriental colors. With a new portrait of the au- 
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price, $1.50; full gilt, gilt edges, $2.00. 
The illustrations are taken for the most part, from photo- 
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identified hy eminent archieological authorities, both in India 
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ama Buddha, the founder of Budonism, and the hero of Mr. 
Amold^s poem. _ 

Ainericafi Editions of Two Pojndar English Books 
IDYLLS OF THE FIELD. 
BY LEAFY WAYS. 

Brief Studies from the Book of Nature. Bv F. A. Knkjht. 
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THE HOUSE OF THE WOLFINGS. A Tale of 
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laden with^ story, a stoiy which, whether prose or verse, is 
such pure singing? — Nation. 

ONE SUMMER'S LESSONS IN PRACTICAL 
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MISS BROOKS. A Story of Boston. By Eliza 
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cloth, $1.00. 

The author's style is exceedingly good and her portrayal of 
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THE WINDS, THE WOODS, AND THE WAN- 
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For sale by Booksellers generally, or will be sent postpaid, 
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Worthington's New and Standard Publications. 

FI I RT ^^ Paul Hervieu. Translated by Hugh Craig. With thirty-seven Photogravure Plates after 
*^ '-' * *^ ^ • the Original Water Colors of Madeleine Lemaire. Nineteen h€jad and tail pieces printed in 
colors, and eighteen full-page Illustrations. 1 vol., 4to, in portfolio, $5.00 ; or in cloth, extra, 86.00. 

Mme. Madeleine Lemaire, acknowled^d to be the most characteristic of all French -wateivcolor pwinteiB, and celebiat^cl 
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for which she received the larg^est sum ever paid for such work. The photogravures embellish the exquisite novel of ParisiaD 
life by Paul Hervieu, a singularly attractive story and very entertaining, of which the witty and wonderfully bright dialogues 
are specially delightful. 



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BEAUX OF SOCIETY. With Preface by Justin H. 
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foucault. Saint Simon, Walpole, Selwyn, Sheridan, Beau Brum- 
rael, Duke of Buckingham, and others. 

WHARTON'S THE QUEENS OF SOCIETY. With 
Preface by Justin H. McCarthy, M.P., and the original 
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i*ough. Madame Roland, Lady Montagu, Mme. de S^vigu^, 
Mme. R^caraier, Mme. de Stael, La ^^larquise de Maiutenou, 
Lady Hervey, Lady Caroline Lamb, and many others. 

WILSON'S NOCTES AMBROSIAN.E. By Profes- 
sor Wilson, Lockhart, Hogo, and Dr. Maginn. With 
steel i)ortrait8 and memoirs of the authors, and copiously 
annotated by R. Shelton Mackenzie, D.C.L. 6 vols., 
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Professor Wilson, from family papers and other sources, by 
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One of the most curious works in the English langua^, a 
most singular and delightful outpouring of criticism, pohtics, 
and descriptions of feelings, character, and scenery, of verse 
and prose, of eloquence, and especially of wild fun. Prof(»s8or 
Wilsfm is a writer of the most ardent and enthusiastic genius, 
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NAPOLEON. Memoirs of the Life, Exile, and Con- 
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With his son, the Count devoted himself at St. Helena to 

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NAPOLEON IN EXILE ; or, A Voice from St. 
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Most Important Events of his Life and GJoveniment, in his 
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extra, $6.00. 
Mr. O'Meara's work contains a body of the most intei'esting 

and valuable information — information the accuracy of which 

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'llie details in Las Cases^ work and those of Mr. O'Meani mu- 

tiuilly support each other. 

GRAY. The Works of Thomas Gray, in Prose and 
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calf, $12.00. 

BROWNING, ELIZABETH BARRETT. POEMS. 
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PICTURESQUE IRELAND. Descriptive and His- 
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TAINEVS (H. A.) HISTORY OF ENGLISH LIT- 
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Four handsome octavo volumes. Green or blue cloth, white 
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Same in two volumes, cloth, white label, $3.75 ; or in half 
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NAPIER'S PENINSULAR WAR. By W. F. P. 
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Acknowledged to be the most valuable record of tliat war 

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CYCLOPEDIA OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES. 
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education. The several topics are handled with a view of a 
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OLD SPANISH ROMANCES. Illustrated with Etch- 
ings. In 12 vols., crown 8vo, half morocco, $1.50 per vol. 
The History of Don QinxoTE.DK la Mancha. By C-er- 
vantes. Tianslated by Mottenx. With notes and essays on 
Cervantes by J. G. Ixxjkhart. Edited bv Henri van Laun. 
With IG etchings by R. de los Rios. 4 vols. 
Lazarillo de Tormes. By Mendoza. Trans, by Roscoe. 
Guzman D'Alfarache. By Mate<i Aleman. Translated 
by Brady. Witli 8 etchings by R. de los Rius. 2 vols. 
Abmodeus. By Le Sage. With 4 et^shings by R. de los Rios. 
The Bachelor of Salamanca. By Le Sage. Trans- 
lated by James Towiisend. With 4 etchings by R. de los Ri<je. 
Vanillo Gonzales ; or. The Merry Bachelor. By Le Sage. 
With 4 etchings by R. de los Rios. 

The Adventures of Gil Blab of Santillank. By Le 
Sape. Translated by Tobias Smollett. Edited by Geoifie 
Samtsbury'. With 12 etchings by R. de los Rios. 3 vols. 

*' Handy in form, they are well printed from clear type, and 
are prot up with much eWaiice. The reading public has rea- 
son to be congratiUated that so neat and well-arranged an edi- 
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For sale by all booksellers. Sent on receipt of price by the Publishers, 

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The Truth about 
Mrs. Rorer's Cook Book 

Is very readily told, it is a reliable book. The recipes are 
proven, and found good. You cannot fail. Mrs. Rorer is a 
woman who understands her subject through and through. 
Her book gives the best results of her experience. The 
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the book. 

in washable oil-cloth covers, $1.7^. Of all booksellers, 
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ARNOLD AND COMPANY, 

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THE cANGLOMANIACS. 

A Stoiy of New York Society To-day. 1 vol., 12mo, on extra fine laid paper, dainty binding, $1.00. 
This is the story that has attracted such wide attention while running through « The Century Magazine." 
There has been no such picture of New York social life painted within the memory of the present generation. 
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agitated as to the authorship of a story which touches it in its most vulnerable part. 



VENGEANCE IS MINE. 



1 vol., 12 mo, cloth, 



A Novel. By Daniel Dane. 
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the characters are drawn with a keen appreciation of 
human nature, and the style is vigorous and entertain- 
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and that, too, with another man's wife. That Arnold 
North will, before long, become one of the recognized 
characters in the world of fiction there can be but little 
doubt. 



^OT OF HER FATHER'S T^ACE 

A Novel. By William T. Meredith. 
Paper, 50 cents ; cloth, 75 cents. 
This is a striking story of race — of a girl with a white 
father and mulatto mother, who inherits the character- 
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*< four hundred '' and their imitators in fashionable folly. 
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CASSELL PUBLISHING CO., 104 & 106 Fourth Ave.. New Yokk. ^ j 

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LEE &- SHEPARD'S 
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SUMMERLAND. A New Volnme by Maroaret MacDon- 
ALD PuLUiAN. With 63 original illustrations, euerayed 
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AN OLD LOVE LETTER. Miss Jerome's Latest Work. 
Designed and illuminated by Irene E. Jerome, author of 
'* One Year's Sketch Book,^' "Nature's Hallelujah." "In 
a Fair Country," "A Bunch of Violets," "The Message 
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BABY'S KINGDOM. A New and Elegant Edition, wherein 
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ALL AROUND THE YEAR— 1891. Lee & Shenard's New 
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Price, 50 cents. 

GOOD COMPANY SERIES. Paper. 50 cents each. 
No. 2. -In Trust; or, Dr. Bertrand's Household. By 

Amanda M. Douolab. 
No. 3.— Three Millions ! By W. T. Adams (Oliver 

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OUR DESTINY. The Influence of NationaUsm upon Relig^ 
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THE DEMAGOGUE. A Posthumous Novel by " Petroleum 
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A POCKET-BOOK OF PRIVATE DEVOTION. By Rev. 
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BRIGHT DAYS IN THE OLD PLANTATION TIME. 
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THE ROUND TRIP FROM THE HUB TO THE GOL- 
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THE KELP-GATHERERS. A New Volume by J. T. 
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ON THE BLOCKADE. A New Volume by Oliver Optic 
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LITTLE GIANT BOAB AND HIS TALKING RAVEN 
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JANE EYRE. By Charlotte Bronte. With 48 
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Diary of a Journey into North Wales. Edited 
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College, Oxford. Edition de Luxe, In six vol- 
umes. Large 8vo, bound in fine leather with 
cloth sides, uncut edges and gilt tops, with many 
Portraits, Views, Fac-similes, etc. $30.00. Edi- 
tion limited to 300 copies, each copy of which is 
numbered. 
Fojnilar Edition, — Six volumes, cloth, uncut 

edges and gilt tops, $10.00. {Jiist rea^y.) 

Strolls by Starlight and Sunshine. 

Written and illustrated by William Hamilton 
Gibson, author of " Happy Hunting-Grounds,'' 
** Highways and Byways," etc. Royal 8vo, cloth, 
ornamental, $3.50. {Nearly ready.) 

Freedom Triumphant. 

Tlie Fourth Period of the War of the Rebellion, 
from September, 1864, to its Close. By Charles 
C A RLETON Coffin. Copiously illustrated. Square 
Svo, cloth, ornanieiitnl, s3.()0. {Just ready,) 



Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. 

77<« aboct works are for sate by a/l boiksellers^ or will bf> sent by IIakckk *& BiiOTHKiiS, poAtaye prepaid^ to any part of the 

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Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s New Books. 



SIDNEY. 



A Novel. 



By Makciaket Deland, author of 
Other Verses." 



The Old Garden, and 



'* John Ward, Preacher," and 
16mo. Price, $1.25. 

" Sidney " may not produce ho much commotion in the theological world as ** Jolm Ward," but it raises ques- 
tions of universal interest, and is likely to evoke no little discussion. The heroine has been taught from childhood 
that Love is the maddest folly in a world where Death is ; and the development and effect of this teaching are 
admirably desciibed. 



Cardinal O^ewman. 



By Rkjhari) H. Huttox, editor of The Spectator, 
London. Crown 8vo, ^1.00. 



/^ Fable for Critics. 

By James Rushell Lowell. An entirely New 
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The Vision of Sir LannfaL 

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Tbe Inverted Torch, 

Poems. By Edith M. Thomas, author of *'Lyric» 
and Sonnets" and "The Round Year." *1.00. 
Tlie inspiration of thi.s noteworthy volume is the 

same as that of Tennvson*s " lu Memonam." 



Verses Along the Way. 

By Mary Elizabeth Blake. ?i^l.2i). 
Distinguished by thoughtfulness, symimthy, and a 
genuine lyrical qiwlity which entitle thorn to a high 
place in current poetry. 



^fte 



ter tbe HaU. 

And, Her Lovers Friend. Poems. By Nora 
Perry. Neto Edition^ complete in one vol. 91.25. 
[This volume does not include Miss Perry's New 

SONG8 and Ballads. '^1.50.] 



THE PROFESSOR AT THE BREAKFAST TABLE. 

THE POET AT THE BREAKFAST TABLE. 

By Oliver Wexdell Holmes. BiHMay Edition. Each in 2 vols. 16mo, uniform with the Birth- 
day Edition of *• The Autocrat" published last year and received with so remarkable favor. Each 
work, with engraved title-page, gilt top, Ji^2.50 ; half calf, ^.50 ; polished calf, or full levant, $8.00. 



The ft/lrt of Tlaywriting. 

By Alfred Hennequin, Ph.D., Professor in the 
University of Michigan. 16rao, $1 .25. 

This book is intended for the practical assistance of 
those who would write plays for the stage ; but it is so 
remarkable in dramatic scholarship that critics and stu- 
dents of the drama will find it extremelv valuable. 



A Summer in a Canon. 

\\y Kate Douglas Wiggix, author of "The Birds' 
Christmas Carol," " The Story of Patsy," etc. New 
aud Cheaper Edition. llliLstrated. lOnio, 81.25. 

A charming story of a camping party in California. 



Toems. 

By Edna Dean Proctor. Greatly enlarged. 

IGmo, gilt top, ^1.25. 

The fine thoughtfulness of these poems, with their 
vigorous and noble lyrical expression, renders this vol- 
ume a notable contribution to American verse. 

A T^ussian Journey. 

By Edna Dean Proctor. New Edition, enlarge*!. 

J?1.25. 

An enlarged edition of a book which Mr. George Rip- 
ley, the eminent critic of the Xew York Tribune, called 
" a singularly ag^eable volume," and which Mr. Whit- 
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*,* For mle by all Booksellers. Will be sent prepaid, on receipt of price, by the PMisherSy 

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1890] THE DIAL 171 

JUST PUBLISHED. 12mo, cloth extra, $1.25. F. Marion Crawkohd's New Novel: 

A CIGARETTE-MAKER'S %OMANCE. 

By F. Mariox Crawford, author of "Mr. Isaacs," *'Saiit' llano," etc. 12 mo, cloth extra, ^^1.2iS. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR -RECENTLY PUBLISHED: 

SANT ILARIO. 12iiio, cloth extra, $1.50. GREIFENSTEIN. 12mo, cloth extra, $1.50. 

*' The author shows steiidy and coiistaut improvement , <* * Greifeiistein ' is a remarkable novel, and while it 

in his art. < Sant' Ilario' is a continuation of the chron- ! illustrates once more the author's unusual versatility, it 

icles of the Sai-acinesca family. ... A singularly ' also shows that he has not been tempted into careless 

powerful and beautiful story. . . . Admirably de- writing by the vogue of his earlier books. . . . There 

veloped, with a naturalness lieytmd praise." — New York ' is nothing weak or small or frivolous in the story." — 

Tribune. i New York Tribune, 

NOW RICADY. SIR SAMUEL W. BAKERS NEW BOOK: 

14^ILD LEASTS AND THEIR PVAYS. 

In A.SIA, Africa, and America. By Sir Samuel W. Baker, F.R.S., author of ^'Albert Nyaiiza," etc. 

Numerous Illustrations. Large 12mo, $3.50. 

5 TRA TFORD-ON-AVON. 

From the Earliest Times to the Death of Shakespeare. By Sidney Lee. With forty-five 

Illustrations by Edward Hull. 12mo, $2.00. 

FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS, 1890. 

ROYAL EDINBURGH : Her Saints, Kings, and GLIMPSES OF OLD ENGLISH HOMES. By 

Scholars. By Mrs. Ouphant, author of **The \ Elizabeth Balch. With numerous illustrations. 

Makers of Florence," " The Makers of Venice," etc. Super royal 4to. 

With illustrations by George Reid, R.S.A. 12mo. 1 

Also a limited edition o«largrpaper. Super royal 8vo. ^HE VICAR OF \V^^KEFIELUHy()ovER^ 

** *^ *^ r J smith. A New Edition, with LjO illustrations by 

RELICS OF THE ROYAL HOUSE OF STUART. \ Hugh Thomson, and a Preface by Austin Dobsou. 

Illustrated by a series of forty plates in colors, drawn , Uniform with the Randolph Caldecott Edition of 

by William Gibb. With Introduction by John Skel- ' " Bracebridge Hall " and " Old Christmas." l5^mo. 

ton, C.B., LL.D. Folio, levant morocco, gilt edges. Also a limited edition on large paper. Super royal 8vo. 

FROM CHARING CROSS TO ST. PAUL\S. By , . ,. , ,,,. . « , w ji- / » v d u 

Justin Huntly McCarthy. With 12 photogn,; ^^"^*^''* ^^*^*^'*- ^"'^^"''^ ^'P^'"^' '^'"^ ^^^' 

vure plates and numerous illustrations in the text by , THE BOOK OF THE FORTY-FIVE MORNINGS. 
Joseph Pennell, author of ♦* Pen Drawing and Pen | By Rudyard Kipling, author of " Plain Tales from 
Draughtsmen." 1 vol., 4to. i the Hills." 12mo, Y^\iev covei's, cloth cxtiti. 



NEW BOOKS FOR CHILDREN 

THE CHILDREN OF THE CASTLE. By Mrs. 
Moles WORTH. With illustrations by Walter Crane. 
16mo, cloth, g^lt, ^1.25. 

By LEWIS CARROLL, author of *' Alice's Adventurer in Wonderland. 



STORIES FROM THE BIBLE. Illustrated. By 
Rev. Prof. A. J. Church, author of " Stories from 
Homer." l2mo. 



THE NURSERY ALICE. Containing twenty colored 
enlargements from Tenniel's illustrations to "Alice's 
Adventures in Wonderland," witli Text adnpted t4) 
Nursery Readers, by Lewis Carholl. 4to, jBI .50. 



SYLVIE AND BRUNO. With forty-six illustrations 
by Harry Furniss. lOmo, J?L50. 

" The book is a eharmiug one for cliildreii. The illnstm- 
tioiis are very happy." — Traveller. 



^DI^ENTURE SERIES.—^ U^EW l^OLUME. 

THE BUCCANEERS AND MAROONERS OF AMERICA. Being an Account of the Famous Adventures 
and Daring Deeds of Certain Notorious Fi-eebooters of the Spanish Main. Edited and illustrated by Howard 
Pyle. 12ino, ^1.50. 

^♦^ Macmillan §■ Co.^s New Illustrated Holiday Catalogue will he sent Jree, by mail, to any address on application. 

MACMILLAN & CO., 112 Fourth Avenue, New York. 

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[Nov., 



D. APPLETON and COMPANY'S 
^ElV "BOOKS. 

The First Two Volumks of a Seri» ok 
Stokiks for Youxcj Readers. 
I. 

Crcncded Out d Crofield. 

By Wm. O. Stoddard. Illustrated by C. T. Hill. 
How SI plucky country boy lujidc his way. Oiic of 
tlie most succ<'s.sfnl of this popuhir author's stories. 

II. 

King Tom and the Runaways. 

By Louis Pkndi.kton. lUustrated by K. W. Kehblk. 

The strange exj>erieufe of two boys in the forests and 

swamps of (Georgia. 

Each volume bound in cloth» with specially designed 
uniform cover. 8vo. Price per vol., J?1.50. 

TOn'N AND (JOVNTHY LIBRARY. 
A Tkanslatiox of Canada's Great Hi.storic:al 

HoMAXflK : 

The Canadians of Old. 

By PiiiLiPPK Gaspe. Translated by Charles (J. I). 

RoBKKTS. l*2nu». Paper cover, 50 cents ; specially 

iKuind in cli»th, .'?1.00. 

The scene of this historical romance is laid in the 
eighteenth c»'iitury. Among the subjects sketched in 
the work, wlili-h is the classic nnnance of Canada, are 
j)ictui-es<jui» piiases of life in the old seigniories of Que- 
bec, hunting adventures, and the strange legends <»f 
OldCanachi. 

Outings at Odd Times. 

By Dr. Ciiaki.ks C. Ahhott, author of " Days Out of 
Doors " and *'.\ Naturalist's litinibles About Home." 
16mo, cloth, gilt t(»p, ^\.*lTi. 

Dr. Abb«itt's delightful studies in Natural History 
have beconu* familiar to many readers, and his new vol- 
ume is suggestive, instructive, and always interesting. 

t 

the 

Cortina CMetbod to Learn Spanish 

IS TWENTY LESSONS. 

Intended for Si*lf->tudy or for I'sc in Schinds, with a 
System i»f Pronuiu'iation based on Kugli.sh Kcpiiva- 
Icnts. By K. D. dk la Coktina, M.A., (fraduate , 
of the Univcr>ity of Madrid. In five parts, pai>er, 
each 40 cents ; one v(»bnne, 12mo, ch»th, Ji^l.^O. 
A method of indii-atnig the exact pronunciation of 
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commend it to all who wish to acquire a knowle<lge of 
the Spanish language i.i the shortest possible time. 

D. APPLETON & CO., Piblisukks. 
1, :\, & .". Itoiiil St., Nkw York. 



LEE Hr SHEPARD'S 
NEW ART PUBLICATIONS. 

CUMMERLAXD. A New Volume by Margaret 
MacI)onali> Pullman, author of " DavB Serene." Witli 
ihiS Orifnnal IlluHtrations, en)>rraved on wood by (vkorok T. 
Andrrw, and printed under hi.*i direction. Size, lU-2 by 
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cloths, heautifully ornamented, full v^t^ ^S.lTi ; Turkey 
Morocco, $J>.(H): Tree Calf, ."?10.(X); English Seal style, 
$7.00. 

These new illustrations by the talented artist of " Days 
Serene'' remind one ver>' forcibly of fiirket Foster, there is 
such a calm peaceful serenity ab(>ut them, such as one finds 
in the Rnglisn landscapes, and in them Mre. Pullman deni- 
onstnites anew that she possesses not onlv talent of a higli 
ortler, but a true conception of the beautiful in nature. 

AN OLD LOVE LETTER. Miss J kromk's latest 
Work. Designed and illuiniinited by Ikknk E. Jkkomi-:. 
author of "One Year's Sketch B(H>k." "Nature's Hallehi- 
jali," " In a Fair C^mntry," *' A Bunch of Violets." **Tlie 
Messasfe of the Bluebird," etc. Antique covers, tied with 
silk, boxed. $1.(N). 

Miss Jerome, in this the sixth IxKjk of her nuiU.*hless art- 
works, has entered a new realm of illustrative art, and haj* 
given us a novel but a beautiful cfunbinaticni of t«xt and 
delicate illumination, in which artistic t^ent and tender re- 
ligioits sentiment are tastefully blended. Each page of this 
chaste vohune contains an apt^ ciuotation in whicli the spirit 
of Divine love shines forth. These loving words are set iu 
omanientjil lettering surroun.led on each i»age by an original 
design illuminated in the old missal style of colors and gold, 
printed iu fac-siniile of Miss Jerome's original drawings, pro- 
ducing a brilliant effect, the whole forming a delicate and 
exquisite love letter. Tlie covers, with appropriate desigps. 
ai*e ])riuted on rich antiuue paper, tied with silk floss, which 
is Mecure<l to the cover by a seal. ** An Old Love Letter" is 
a suitable title, because it presents the spirit of love in the 
inspiring urords of love whicli liavi» come down to us from the 
ages. 

DAHY'S KIN(;D0M. A New and Elegant FMitiou, 
whei-ein may be chronicled as memories for grown-up 
days, till' Mother's Storj- of the Progress «»f the Baby. De- 
signed and illustnited by Ann IK F. (^ox. Oblong quarto. 
Blue and white cloth, full gold cloth, ^it.?.*!. Turkey mo- 
rocco. $\).m. 

This is practically a ww work, the illustrations and text 
having been re-<lrawn and engraved, and many additions 
made to the contents. The new sha|>e and el<^(ant binding 
will commend this edititni to all customers. 

A LL AROUND THE YEAR— 1891. Leo & Sliep- 

arrl's New Calendar, designe<l in Sepiatint and Color by 

J. Pai'link SiNTKR. Printe<l on heavy cardlniard. gilt 

edges, with chain, tassels, and rings. Size. 4 .*»-4 by .'> 1-2 

inches. Boxed, price oO cents. 

In addition to tlie calendar for each month each card oon- 
tains a channing design and an appropriate sentiment, in del- 
icate tints and colors. The cards are tastilv tied witJi white 
silk coM and a chain attached, by which thev may be hnn; 
on the wall or elsewhere, and are so arranged on rings that 
they may be turned over like the leaves of a Iniok as each 
month shall be needed for refeience. 

Smd by ail hook'nfllers, ami sent by maiL prepaid, on receipt 
of price. Illustrated and complete catalogws sent free. 

LEE & SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS, 

BOSTON, MASS. 

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NEW PUBLICATIONS 

FROM THE TRESS OF J. "B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY. 



In and Out of 'Book and Journal. 

\\\ A. Sydney Roberts, M.D., with fifty spirited illus- 
trations bv S. W. Van Schaick. 12ino, cloth, 
J#1.25. 

A ooUectiou of brig^ht, witty, sententious sayiug^s, {gathered 
from varioos sources. The pictorial interpretations of the 
text are characterized by peculiar genius, (felieacy of touch, 
and sense of humor. 

How to T^emember History. 

A Method of Memorizing Dates, with a Summary of 
the Most Important Events of the Sixteenth, Seven- 
teenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Centuries. By 
Virginia Conskr Shaffer. Square 8vo, cloth, 
81.00. 



Tbe Two Lost Centuries of Britain. 

By William H. Babcock. 12mo, cloth, .f 1.26. 

The author here gives us an account of the period interven- 
ing between the evacuation by the Romans ana the commence- 
ment of authentic history of modem England. He has ear- 
nestly and critically sought out the truth embodied in the 
various legends and traditions current concerning that time, 
and has woven them, with the facts derived from various au- 
thoritative sources, into a most interesting and I'eliable nar- 
rative. 

A DiplotnaTs Diary. 

A Novel. By Juuan Gordon. 12mo, cloth, l$1.00. 

' ^ Among the brightest, most original, and interesting novels 
of the year."— Bo»fon Uome Journal. 

'" It is a strong well-told story.'' — Chicago Inter Ocean. 



THE VARIORUM EDITION OF SHAKESPEARE. 

Kilited by Horace Howard Fcrness, Ph.D., LL.D., L.H.D. Royal 8vo, exti-a cloth, gilt top, .^4.00 per vol. 
Recently published: ^ol. l^UI.—^S YOU LIKE IT. 

** America has the honor of having produced the very best and most complete edition, so far as it has gone, 
of onr great national poet. For text, illustration, commentary, and criticism, it leaves nothing to be desired. Tlie 
emitter combines with the patience and accuracy of the textual scholar an industry which has overlooked nothing 
t>f value that has \yeen written about Shakespeare by the best German and French, as well as English, commenta- 
tors and critics ; and what is of no less moment, he possesses in himself a rare delicacy of literary appreciation 
and breadth of judgment, disciplined by familiarity with all that is best in the literature of antiquity, as well a.s 
of modem times, which he brings to bear on his notes with great effect." — BlackwoofVs Edinburgh Magazine. 

Now complete : " RoMKO and Juijkt "; " Hamlkt," 2 vols. ; " Macbeth "; " King Lear "; " Othello "; 
ami "Merchant of Venice." 



European Days and PVays. 

By Alfred E. Lee, Late Cousul-General U. S. A. 

With 12 full-page illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth, 

.^2.00. 

'^A vivacious record of the travels of a ver>' intelligent 
tmxnst.^''— Philadelphia Press. 

*" Every chapter is as instructive as it is entertaining.**— 
Chicago Inter Ocean. 



"O Thou, My Austria!" 

Translated by Mrs. A. L. Wister, from the Gernuui 
of OssiP SciiUBiN, author of " Erlach Court," etc. 
12mo, cloth, 91.25. 

" Mn. Wister not only selects but also translates her stories 
with rare skill, taste, and intelligence."- -PAi7a</€/pA»a In- 
quirer. 

Heriot's Choice. 

The latest issue in LippincotCs Series of Select Novels. 
By Rosa N. Carey, author of "Esther," "Wee 
Wifie,""()nly the Governess," etc. 12nio, paper, 
'70 cents ; cloth, 75 cents. 



Now Ready, Complete— TA VISTOCK EDITION of 

CHARLES DICKENS'S WORKS. 

Messrs. J. B. Lippincott Company have issued, in 
connection with the English publishers, a New Editioti 
of Charles Dickens's Works. It is printed from the 
plates of the best Octavo Edition on smaller and thinner 
paper, umking a large 12mo, not too bulky for easy 
reading. The type is the largest and clearest of all the 
editions that have ever appeared. The volumes contain 
539 Illustrations, all printed from the original steel 
plates (see certificate.) Sold only in complete sets of 
30 volumes. Bound in cloth, 645.00 ; three-quarters 
calf or moroi>co, Jp 100.00. This is the Best Edition of 
Dickens's Works ever offered at a Popular Price. 

(CERTIFICATE.) 
''TelephoueNo. 2711. 

'' Address for Telegrams, * PICKWICK, LONIK)N.' 
•CHAPMAN A HALL, Limited. 

11 Henrietta St., Covent Garden, 
(Late of llKi Piccadilly.) W. C. 
" Messrs. J. B. Lippincott Company : ^^V '^i l^-*^- 

'' Gentlemen :— This is to certify that the illustratious 
supplied by us for the ' Tavistock Edition ' of Charles Dick- 
ens s Works are all printed from the Original steel plates. 
" Yours faithfully, CHAPMAN & HALL, Ld., 
"Fred Chapman.'* 



For sale by all Booksellers^ or will be sent by the Publishers, free of expense, on receipt of price. 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, Publishers, 715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia. 

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[N<»v.. 



New Volumes in the Daudet Series. 

Just Published: 

KINGS IN EXILE. 

By Alphonse Daudet. Translated by Laura Ensor and E. Bartow. With 104 Illustrations from 
designs by Bieler, Conconi, and Myrbach. 12mo. Paper, J*1.50; half leather, J^2.25. 

UNIFORM IX STYLE WITH HIS 



ARTISTS' WIVES. With 103 illustrations by Rossi, 
Bieler, and others. 

RECOLLECTIONS OF A MAN OF LETTERS. 
With 89 ilhistrations from designs by Bieler, Mou- 
t^gnt, Myrbach, and Rossi. 

TARTARIN OF TARASCON: Traveij.er, "Turk," 
AND LiON-HuNTER. Witli 115 illustrations from 
designs by Mont^giit,Myrbach, Picard, and Rossi. 

TARTARIN ON THE ALPS. With 150 illustra- 
tions from designs by Rossi, Aranda, Myrbach, Mou- 
t^nard, and Beaumont. 



THIRTY YEARS OF PARIS AND OF MY LIT- 
ERARY LIFE. With 120 illustrations from desigihs 
by Bieler, Mont^gut, Myrbach, Picard, and Rossi. 

JACK. With 93 ilhistrations by Myrbach. 

LA BELLK NIVERNAISE, The Story of an Old 
Boat and Her Crew ; and Other Stories. With 
185 illustrations from designs by Mont^gut. 

SAPPHO : A Picture of Parisian Manners. With 
70 illustrations from designs by Rossi, Myrliach, and 
other French artists. 



AND WITH 

PIERRE AND JEAN. By Guy de Maupassant. 
With a Preface by the author. With 36 illustrations 
from designs by Ernest Duez and Albert Lynch. 



AFLOAT (SuR l*Eau). By Guy dk Maupassant. 
Translated by Laura Ensor. Witli 59 illustratitms 
from designs by Riou. 



Each, 12mo, paper, -SI .50 ; half leather, 82.25. 



Very T^ecently Issued: 



SISTER PHILOMENE. By Edmond and Jitlf.8 de 
GoNCOURT. Translated by Laura Ensor. With 70 
illustrations from designs by Bieler. 12mo. Paper, 
><1.50 ; half leather, 82.25." 



DISILLUSION ; or. The Story of Amdd^e's Youth. 
(Toute une Jeunesae.) By Fran<;ois Copp^e. Trans, 
by E. P. Robins. 74 illustratious from designs by 
Emile Bayard. 12mo. Paper, 81.60; hf.leath., 82.25. 



Uniform with the Illustrated Edition of Daudet's Writings. 

Also from the French (Just out): 
CHIVALRY. 

By Leon Gautier. Translated by Henry Frith. Numerous illustrations. 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, s2.5(). 



OTHER NEW PUBLICATlONS.-lllustrated Editions. 



LAST DAYS OF POMPEII. By Bulwer Lytton. 
With 35 full-page illustrations by Frank Kirchbach 
and others. 8vo, cloth, 83.00. 

DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS OF THE 
NINETEENTH CKNTURY. By Robert Rout- 
ledge, B.Sc, F.C.S. New Edition. Including de- 
scriptions of the Forth Bridge, the Eiffel Tower, and 
the Manchester Ship Canal. With numerous illus- 
trations. 8vo, cloth, 83.00. 



THE SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON. EiUted by 

W. H. G. Kingston. With 100 illustnttions on 

wood, and 12 full-page plates printed in colors by 
Ernest Nister. 8vo, cloth, 82.50, 

ROBINSON CRUSOE. By Daniel Defoe. With 
100 illustrations by J. D. Watson, and 12 fnll-page 
plates printed in colors by Ernest Nister. 8vo, 
cloth, 82.50. 



For sale hy all Boohfellers, or will be sent by 7naU, postpaid, on receipt of the advertised price, 

by the Publishers, 

(iEORGE KOUTLED(iE & SONS, Limited, No. 9 Lafayette Place, New York. 



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1890] THE DIAL 175 

Porter and Coates' New Books. 



Three of the HANDSOMEST GlFT-"BoOKS of the Year. 

PORTER & ('GATES' FLORENTINE EDITION. 

ROMOLA. 

By GEORGE ELIOT. From entirely new plates. Beautifully illustrated with airtij pliotogi-avures of 
views in Florence, sculpture, paintings, etc., with a portrait of George Eliot. In two volumes, small 
8vo, g^lt top. With slip covers in the Italian style, in cloth box, $6.00 ; half-crushed levant, gilt 
top, $12.00. 
The large-paper edition of " Romola " is all sold, the publishers having received orders for the entire edition 

before publication. _ 

GRACE AND PHILIP WHARTON'S WORKS: 

QUEENS OF SOCIETY. 

By Grace and Philip Wharton. New Library Edition. Beautifully illustrated with eighteen pho- 
togravures. Tastefully bound in two volumes, cloth extra, $5.00 : half calf, gilt top, $8.00. 

These entertaining volumes present a gfossiping biograpliy of several of the celebrated women who have held 
a conspicuons place in society, either on account of intellectual endowments, personal attractions, peculiar culture 
and accomplishments, political connections, or force of character. Among the distinguished names which are thus 
brought into fresh notice are those of the Duchess of Marlborough, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Lady Morgan, 
Lady Caroline Lamb, Miss Landon (the unfortunate L. E. L.), Madame de StaSl, Madame Roland, Madame 
R^camier, and others, both of England and France. 

fVITS AND "BEAUX OF SOCIETY. 

By Grace and Philip Wharton. New Library Edition. Beautifully illustrated with twenty photo- 
gravures. Tastefully bound in two volumes. Small 8vo, cloth extra, $5.00 ; half calf, gilt top, $8.00. 

This gossipy and pleasant book gives sketches of such men as George Villiers, the second Duke of Bucking- 
ham, with numerous anecdotes of his adventures ; the celebrated Grammont and Rochester, wherein the authors 
introduce some incidents in the lives of such people as Hortense Mancini, the little Jermyn, I^ Belle Hamilton, 
and other noted beauties of France and England ; Beau Nash ; Ix)rd Hervey ; Scarron, and here again of his 
wife ; and so on, of numerous worthies and uuworthies, each and all of whom are more or less known to fame. 
The authors liave a happy faculty of making their sketches light and pleasant, interspersing history and anecdote, 
personalities and public events, so that the book is much more interesting than a novel, and much better worth 
reading than any fiction. 

Large-pajier edition of '' Wits and Beaux " and '* Queens/* limited to 250 copies, in sets of 4 volumes, 
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Mr. Ward^s travels in Africa commenced in 1884, when he 

received an appointment in the service of the (>ongo Free 

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This volume will prove of interest to the numerous 
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1 vol., crown 8vo, half Roxburgh, gilt tops . . $5.00 

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1 vol., crown 8vo, cloth, full gilt $3.50 

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Eknbraoing History of Knglish Poetry, Sketches of lives of 
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tAUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ,/INTON TiUBENSTEIN, 1829-1889. 



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A NEW DUMAS SERIES. 
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An Historical Novel of Poland and Russia. By Henrik 
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THE "BEGUM'S "DAUGHTER. 
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"DRAMATIC OPINIONS. 

By Mrs. Kendal. 16mo. Paper, 50 cents ; cloth, 
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THE recent remarkable serial successes of this magazine will be continued in 
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others; '' Tbe Court of tbe C{ar V^icbolas," etc., etc. In fiction: '' Tbe Faitb 
ThStor," a novel by Edward Eggleston; witb novelettes and stories by Frank 
%. Stockton, Joel Cbandler Harris, and otbers. Brilliant art features, etc., etc. 



THE NOVEMBER NUMBER, 

^ginning tbe volume, contains opening chapters in several important serials, including tbe 
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Charles Scribner's Sons' New Books. 

THE PACIFIC COAST SCENIC TOUR. 

From Southern California to Alaska. — The Yosemite. — The Canadian Pacific Railway. — ^Yellowstone 
Park and the Grand Cafton. By Henry T. Finck. With 20 full-page Illustrations. 8vo, $2.50. 
Mr. Finck*B new book is a patriotic demonstration of the superiority of American scenery. The description, 

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IN THE VALLEY. By Harold Frederic. With j A LITTLE BOOK OF WESTERN VERSE. 
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FAMOUS IVOMEN OF THE FRENCH COURT 

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MARIE ANTOINETTE AND THE WIFE OF HAPPY DAYS OF 

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READY IN NOVEMBER. 

IN SCRIPTURE LANDS.— €\[ew Views of Sacred Places. 

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author. Large 8vo, $3.50. 

Contents : The Land of Goshen. — Sinai and the Wilderness From Mount Sinai to Mount Seir. — A Visit 

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the Tenements of New York. Ry Jacob A. Riis. | count of the Science and Application of Electricity to 

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author. 8vo, $2.50. 



THE LIFE OF JOHN ERICSSON. By William 
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Sent Free to any address : Scribner's Illustrated List of Books for the Young, representing works by Mrs. 
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Vol. XI. NOVEMBER, 1890. No. 127. 

CONTENTS. 

A UBRARY OF AMERICAN UTERATURE. 

Horatio N. Powers 181 

NOTABLE DISCUSSIONS OF RELIGION AND 

PHILOSOPHY. John Bascom 182 

NEW BOOKS OF TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE. 

Edward Gilpin Johnson 18o 

THE NEW "INTERNATIONAL" WEBSTER. 

Melville B. Anderson 189 

THE CIVILIZATION OF THE RENAISSANCE. 

Henrietta Schuyler Gardiner 192 

BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 193 

Tiffany's Life of Dorothea Lynde Dix. — Morley's 
English Writers, Volume V., Wiclif and Chancer. — 
Wilson's Life of Lord Clive. — Butler's life of Sir 
Charles Napier. — Newhall's Manual of the Trees of 
Northeastern America. — Woodberry's Studies in 
Letters and Life. — Williams's Our Dictionaries, and 
other English Language Topics. — Mead's Our Mother 
Tongue.— Saint- Amand's Citizeness- Bonaparte. 

BOOKS OF THE MONTH 196 



A liiBRARY OF American IjIterature.* 

{Concluding Notice.) 



[Note. — ^The following article is the last literary 
work of the Rev. Dr. H. N. Powers, whose recent death 
was recorded in the October Dial. He was engaged on 
the article almost up to the time of his sudden death, a 
portion of the final draft having been found on his study 
table, together witli unfinished sheets of the first draft, 
from which the article has been completed — Edr.] 

The Dial has more than once expressed its 
warm appreciation of the Library of American 
Literature; and now, on the appearance of 
the final volume, hearty congratulations are 
due the accomplished editors for the success- 
ful completion of their noble undertaking. 
Concerning the general character of the work 
our readers are already informed. Begun 
seven years ago, it has somewhat outgrown its 
original plan, while in its execution it has con- 

* A LiBBART OF American Literature, from the Earli- 
est Settlement to the Present Time. Compiled and edited 
by Edmund Clarence Stedman and Ellen Mackay Hutchin- 
son. In eleven volumes. New York : Charles L. Wehster 
^fcCo. (W. £. Dibble <& Co., Chicago.) 



stantly maintained its high standard of ex- 
cellence. Not all the difficulties attending the 
compilation were foreseen at the beginning ; 
and yet, whatever their nature or degi*ees, they 
have been met and overcome with a sure judg- 
ment and a scholarship that may be called un- 
erring. This Library is a work of solid and 
sterling value. It contains — though in most in- 
stances comparatively brief space is given to in- 
dividual examples — the cream of our literature. 
Considering the plan of the work, the place it 
was intended to fill, and the manner in which it 
has been executed, it is a masterpiece of ed- 
itorial achievement, which, on the lines of its 
inception and intention, has fully vindicated 
its national value and importance. 

The undertaking as a whole can only be 
fairly judged and appreciated by a considera- 
tion of the variety and quality of the material 
from which it has been drawn, the method of 
its handling, and the impartial spirit in which 
its selections have been made. Covering so 
wide a period and one so various in its char- 
acteristics, embracing qualities of such divers 
degrees of excellence, it has required the finest 
discrimination, the sanest judgment, the most 
unbiased estimate of literary values, to do full 
justice, without prejudice and without partial- 
ity, to the manifold topics presented. And 
here the casual reader, without critical atten- 
tion and a considerable acquaintance with Am- 
erican literature, is liable to undervalue the 
importance of the achievement, and to over- 
look its inherent difficulties. Opinions and 
tastes must of course diflFer. Here and there 
one might wish that some favorite poet were 
more liberally represented, that some other 
chapter had been substituted for the one 
chosen ; he might think it would have been 
fairer, in some instances, had the space allotted 
been diflFerently disposed of, — that this par- 
ticular name has received more prominence 
than it deserved, and this other less. But 
when everything has been candidly and dis- 
passionately considereil — the gi-eat object of 
the undertaking, the variety of topics to be 
treated, the grounds on which the selections 
had to be made, with the many questions of 
what was most characteristic of the i)eriod and 
of most national interest — it may well excite 
unfeigned surprise that a work of such high 
superiority has been produced. We j^ei. not 



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unfamiliar with the principles on which the 
editors directed their studies and selected the 
material for this compendium ; and it is only 
just to acknowledge that they have more than 
fulfilled their promises made in the beginning, 
and have fully carried out their original 
scheme, though with a more generous expend- 
iture of time and trouble than was at first con- 
templated. That the Library shows through- 
out a ripe judgment and an independent spirit, 
it is hardly necessary to afSrm. The editors 
are singularly free from the bias that is gen- 
erated by single studies and special proclivities. 
There is no evidence of narrow sympathies or 
ungroiuided predilections. Good taste and 
catholic-mindedness characterize the work from 
beginning to end. Moreover, it has no smack 
of a series of 1x)oks made to order, no indica- 
tions of inconsiderate haste, or flavor of a finan- 
cial venture, or suggestions of an aim at tem- 
poral popularity. It was compiled with a 
serious and profound apprehension of the value 
of such a work to the general reader and to 
the leaders and makers of public opinion, and 
of the just claims of American Literature. 

The Tenth and Eleventh volumes of this 
Libraiy, which are devoted to our contempo- 
raneous literature, will be examined with pe- 
culiar interest. If we mistake not, many will 
be surprised at the riches of the latest decade 
or so in the work of })ure creative talent. 
Though the Library was extended beyond its 
first intention of ten volumes, the enlargement 
was imperatively demanded for an adequate 
treatment of the writers who had come to the 
front since the series was begun. To have 
omitted these young and promising authors 
would have been manifestly unjust. The con- 
cluding volume (XI.) contains also several 
special features of interest and value. In ad- 
dition to the regular selections wmpleting the 
survey of contemporaneous authorship, it gives 
numerous additi(mal selecticms (1834 to 1889) 
which were overlooked in preparing the body 
of the work ; also various poems which deserve 
a permanent record and have some character- 
istic value, Populiu' Epithets given to certain 
Americans, and Noted Sayings which natur- 
ally belong to such a compilation. A good 
deal of studious care has been bestowed ujion 
the General Index, where the many topics are 
most conveniently aiTanged, and which is a 
marvel of convenience. The Shoi-t Biographies, 
compiled by Mr. Arthur Stedman, ai*e also an 
important feature of this volume, — which 
shows throughout the same conscientious edit- 



ing, amidst rather peculiar difficulties, that has 
distinguished the entire series. We have but a 
single criticism to make : We cannot but think 
that the omission of appropriate selections from 
the writings of the honored editors is an error 
that impairs the synmietry of the work. While 
we may admire the modesty that imposed this 
restraint, we cannot but regret it. Mr. Sted- 
man's writings are a part of American litera- 
ture, and readers have a right to expect to 
find examples of them in this Library. Some of 
Miss Hutchinson's fine poems also should have 
been included. Excepting this fault — which in 
one sense may be interpreted as a virtue — ^we 
have nothing but praise for the execution of 
the work, and congratulations for the editors 
and publishers, and for the public as well, on its 
successful completion. 

HoBATio N. Powers. 



Notable Discussions of Religiox ant> 
Philosophy,* 



The first four books on our list are very un- 
like in critical tendency, though all are devout 
in temper. The first of them, " Jesus the Mes- 
siah," shows in its very title that its purpose 
is to expound rather than to correct current 
faith. It l)elongs to that very valuable class 
of works — of which we are now fortunately hav- 
ing so many — that aims to give a more com- 
plete and con*ect picture of the life of Christ. 
It is erudite and full of instruction, and will 
give much assistance to the earnest and devout 
student of the Gospels. It will not satisfy the 
critical temper, as it makes little or no effort 
to meet it. It moves on the accepted plane 
of reverent orthodoxy, and is thus left undis- 
turl)ed by doubt in its treatment of facts. If 
a more critical spirit would sometimes lead to 
a deeper penetration into the very nature of 
the facts, it would also lead to a hide-and-seek 
of the facts themselves, often very disturbing 

* Jesus the Messiah. By Alfred Edersheim, M. A. Oxon., 
D.IK Ph.D. New York : A. I). F. Randolph & Co. 

The Nati're and Method of Revklation. By Geoive 
Park Fisher, D.D., LL.D. New York: Charles Scribner's 
Sons. 

God in IIis Would. An Inten^retation. New York : Ilai^ 
per & Bros. 

Studies in Hegel's Philosophy or Rbugion. By J. 
Macbride Sterrett, D.D. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 

Introduction to Philosophy. An Inquiry after a Ra- 
tional SyHtem of Scientific Principles in their Relation to inti- 
mate Reality. By George Trumbull Ladd. New York: 
Charles Scribner's Sons. 

Belief in (iod. Its Ori^n, Nature, and Basis. By Jacob 
Gould Schuniuui. New Y'ork: Charies Scribner^s i 



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to the believing mind. Criticism, especially in 
those stages of it in which its conclusions are 
uncertain and conflicting, is something which 
we should be as much at liberty to decline as 
to accept. The book is content to illuminate 
the way of life which so many worshipful minds 
have followed and are following. 

" The Nature and Method of Revelation " 
is critical, but critical for the most pait along 
lines of defence. Dr. Fisher's liberal spirit 
and scholarly acquirements enable him to do 
excellent work in this direction. lie soothes 
and comforts disturbed and timid believers in 
their faith, and leads all who are in any degree 
awakened to the variety and urgency of the 
attacks on accredited religious opinions to feel 
that there is no occasion for a stampede, that 
the various issues and interests involved will 
adjust themselves with no such wide change 
of base as many are predicting. The earlier por- 
tion of the volume was written for " The Cen- 
tury Magazine," with this very end of presentar 
tion and defence in view. It treats of the nature 
of revelation and of the early footing of Chris- 
tianity. The later i)ortion of the volume is 
made up of five essays, three on tlie Gospels 
and New Testament, two on the religious opin- 
ions expressed by Matthew Arnold and Profes- 
sor Huxley. The l)ook, as a whole, is fitted to 
sober criticism and to reduce the disintegration 
which attends upon it — not to avoid it or dis- 
parage it in itself. Such work is exceedingly 
serviceable in keeping quiet and trustful, yet 
progressive, the more intelligent forms of faith. 
To those already in the stream of wnfiicting 
opinions, the presentations of Dr. Fisher will 
often seem inadequate and unduly timid. He 
is slow in following out the conclusions plainly 
involved in his own premises. Many of his 
principles are of the most fundamental char- 
acter, and can hardly be allowed their full 
force without a profound modification — by no 
means a subversion — of orthodox faith. The 
secret of all sober faith is expressed in the last 
sentence of his Introduction : 

« The reality and profound significance of perscniality 
in God and man is a truth which is alike essential in all 
sound philosophy and in all earnest views of human life 
and duty." 

The spirit of his method is contained in this 
statement : 

*< The fundamental reality is not the Bible, it is the 
Kingdom of God. This is not a notion. Rather is it a 
real historical fact, the grandest of all facts." (P. 15.) 

An example of hesitancy in pursuing his own 
thought is seen in these assei-tions : 



** But the religion itself is not defective, and, there- 
fore, is not perfectible. Christianity is not to be put 
in the same category with the ethnic religions, which 
contain an admixture of error and are capable of being 
infinitely improved. The religion of the Gospel is ab- 
solute." (P. 21.) 

« The religion of the Gospel means vastly more to- 
day than it was ever perceived to mean before. This 
enlarged meaning, however, is not amiexed to it, or 
carried into it, but legitimately educed from it, through 
the ever-widening perceptions of Christian men whom 
the spirit of God illuminates." (P. 48.) 

" That revealed religion is revealed, and is not the 
product of human genius, despite the gradual unfolding 
of that religion and the coherence of its parts, becomes 
increasingly evident the more thoroughly its character- 
istics are appreciated." (P. 50.) 

Yet he does not hesitate to say of the Old Testa- 
ment : 

« Tliere was lacking a full perception of the moral 
ideal." (P. 78.) 

What can be meant by the perfection of a 
religion other than the perfection of the con- 
ception of those who entertain it ? What is a 
revelation which after all is not revealed? 
We might as well speak of the perfection of 
science on the ground of the inner coherence 
of facts, as of the completeness of faith because 
of the relations of truths not yet disclosed. 
No man denies that truth will be coherent when 
it is disclosed. Every truth in every system 
stands linked with the entire body of dis- 
coverable truth. In these days, however, when 
progress with so many means a loss of foot- 
ing and a rapid slide into the abyss of un- 
belief, we censure no man because he braces 
as he walks. 

" God in His World " is a remarkable book. 
Only here and there, scattered widely, do we 
meet with that elevated, transcendental, spir- 
itual tyjHj of mind disclosed in its pages. It 
is the product of profound and unhesitating 
l>elief, yet of the freest and most unconven- 
tional order. The thought often seems to 
l)ortler on mysticism, and to pass into wrapt 
vision, but it always shows a mind unusually 
awake to the inherent force and manifold im- 
plications of spiritual life. Difficulties, seri- 
ous to many, and over which they fall, are 
mere pebbles in the path of the writer, deflect- 
ing his steps neither one way nor the other. 
Though some may pronounce this bold and 
unhesitating movement rhapsody, we think it 
the result of ready and real insight. To those 
who have any of the same free and assured 
faith, the lK)ok will be very stimulating. 
Plodding minds may as well let it alone. For 
ourselves, we prefer a treatment more closely i 

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knit, and, in the higher sense of the word, 
more logical. The author is a man of wide 
reading, but of a very solitary habit of thought. 
Customs, in their conventional hold, are hardly 
recognizable by him. The volume is divided into 
three books, entitled " From the Beginning," 
" The Incarnation," " The Divine Human Fel- 
lowship." The comprehensive purpose Ls to 
declare the conditions of spiritual life widely 
sown in this our spiritual universe. There is 
as much difference between a j)iece of empiri- 
cism in philosophy and this book, as between 
a fish and a bird. Among birds, it has the 
eagle's strength. It Ls pervaded by a very 
subtile, delicate, and active poetic sense. 

" Studies in Hegel's Philosoj)hy of Religion " 
we have found quite as interesting as any one 
of the works already spoken of. It is readable 
and intelligible in itself, and so in a high de- 
gree for a book that treats of Hegel. It is 
not simply devout, but profoundly penetrated 
by a free, critical, coherent religious temper. 

" The intellectual comprehension of the thought and 
reality of the unfolded universe — the manifestations of 
God as Subject, rather than of substance, — this is the 
< vision splendid * of that philosophy which is thoroughly 
and essentially theological." (P. 131.) 

" In fact, his whole Logic which contiiins his system 
or method in pure scientific form, seems to me to be 
but his explication of the nature and acti\dties of God, 
immanent in the actuality and order of the world, and 
transcendent as its efficient and final Cause. . . . 
It is God, the Category' of all categories — the Subject 
of all absolute predicates." (P. IG.) 

** Egoism, individualism, is seen to be morbid selfish- 
ness and self-destruction. We are bound, on a voyage 
of discovery, to find ourselves in everything foreign. 
All things are ours." (P. 71.) 

The author's estimate of current belief and 
unbelief is that — 

" Much of modern skepticism is simply the inher- 
ently just and necessary demand of the human spirit to 
know the source and ground of such asserted infallibility 
for fiible and Church and Reason. It is more than 
willing to yield to rational authority. But it will not 
and it ought not to yield the blind obedience demanded 
to any authority." (P. 99.) 

** Modern skepticism is very serious, and earnest, and 
wistful. Much of it needs but the true presentation of 
Christianity, as the life and light of the world, as the 
Divine love seeking and saving and civilizing and per- 
fecting men — the most Divine, because the most human 
power on earth, — to joyfully accept and enter the social 
state in which the spirit of Christ reigns." (P. 102.) 

The author belongs to the right wing in his 
rendering of Hegel. 

"Indeed, any interpretation of Hegel which at- 
tributes to him the denial of personality and freedom 
to either God or man, is not worth the paper it is written 
on." (P. 133.) 



<< The physical universe is not all in the eye of the 
beholder, bnt is a real object of intelligence. Man is 
not identical with nature, nor God with man. But the 
reality which each possesses is that which, in spite of 
differences and distinctions, is of the same kith and kin 
in all. The resolute maintenance of this is a distin- 
guishing mark of what we may term both English and 
American Hegelians. The personality of God and 
man, and the objective reality of the world, are stren- 
uously maintained by them all." (P. 191.) 

So definite is this assertion of distinct real- 
ities, that the chief difficulty we should find 
with it is that it leaves no sufficient ground for 
that peculiar and ultimate philosophy which 
we have associated with Hegel — the universe 
as the unfolding of a rational process. Hegel 
becomes rather a realist. A rational evolu- 
tion can hardly be put back of and under real 
personality, since such a process is itself a 
product of personality, if we give personality 
the ordinary force of the word. Is it not the 
real difficulty of Hegelianism, that, while it in- 
volves some wonderfully penetrative pregnant 
and regnant ideas, it associates them with an 
impossible simplicity of philosophy, a verbal 
unity which finds no counterpart in experience ? 
Hegel's philosophy thus becomes capable of 
readings widely apart from each other, accord- 
ing as its central idea is boldly asserted and 
fearlessly developed, or as the comprehensive 
principles associated with it are unfolded in a 
more guarded way. The philosophy is weak 
in its central connection. " The necessary 
dialectic of the idea " lacks cohesive propell- 
ing power as the unfolding force in all events. 
Some of the earlier chapters, as that on " The 
Vital Idea of Religion," we have found espec- 
ially stimulating. 

We have never experienced quite the pleasure 
in the perusal of the works of Professor La^ld 
which we have anticipated. He is liberal, able, 
and fiiU of knowle<lge, and yet he only par- 
tially succeeds in presenting his topic. His 
sentences are not a few swift wheels under a 
car, but many rollers, without much motion, 
under a building just forsaking its old founda- 
tions. His erudition as often disturbs as aids 
his thoughts. His style, somewhat technical, 
demands ccmstant attention, and one soon 
wearies of the movement, as too slow, too de- 
ficult, with too little reward. Thus, in the vol- 
ume before us, the first chapter, of twenty- 
seven pages, is devoted to a definition of Phil- 
osophy. It is chiefly historical — not so directly 
and exclusively so as to be judged on this 
ground alone, and yet too much so for inter- 
esting and independent discussion. The title of 



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the book does not very obviously express its 
purpose and character. It is rather a general 
survey of philosophy by one who has given it 
extended study than a preparation for such 
study. It involves a scheme of philosophy and 
a determination of the chief dependencies of 
philosophy on other forms of knowledge. One 
will, therefore, hardly be interestetl in the 
work, or able fully to apprehend it, without 
much previous knowledge. The subjects con- 
sidered, put in a condensed way, are the na- 
ture, sources, and relations of philosophy ; its 
divisions, supported by a discussion of each 
division ; and schools of philosophy. Professor 
Ladd inclines toward intuitionalism, well sus- 
tained, however, by the results of empirical in- 
quiry. He thus adopts, if we may judge, the 
safest, most penetrative, and most progressive 
form of thought. With this sti'eam, all other 
streams from the right and left may readily 
unite. 

Professor Schurman has achieved, in a brief 
period, manifest success in his educational 
work. The present volume, on "Belief in 
God," was the result of an invitation to give 
the Winkley Lectures at Andover Theological 
Seminary. The discussion of the topic chosen 
is exceedingly well managed in the order and 
method of presentation. The existence of 
God as unmanent spirit is sustained as an ex- 
planatory hypothesis by the inner, constructive 
order of the universe, by the current movement 
which issues in definite purposes, and by the 
relation of the Infinite spirit, so assumed, to 
the spirit of man. The argument is made to 
rest firmly on both supports — the physical and 
the moral world. The lower facts are shown to 
require the interpretation of the higher ones, 
and the higher ones are given the firm footing 
of the lower ones. This presentation is made 
in the last three lectures, and the way is pre- 
pared for it by a lecture on agnosticism, by 
one on the logical basis and force of the argu- 
ment, and by one on the historic growth of 
the conception of God. I have rarely met 
with a book whose general results seem so satis- 
factory, so to unite empirical inquiry and ra- 
tional exposition. It goes far to indicate and 
promise a general movement of thought in con- 
verging lines toward one centre. The first 
lecture hardly does justice to the remaining 
lectures. The style of Professor Schurman, 
though not technical, is slightly touched with 
technicality — disadvantageously, as it seems 

to lis. ^ ^ 

John Bascom. 



'Sbw Books of Til.vvei. and Adventure.* 



A complete series of travellers' tales from 
pre-Homeric times to our own would perhaps 
present no bad parallel to the series of books 
read and enjoyed by most individuals from 
childhood to middle age. In both sets would 
be found a gradual tempering and final elim- 
ination of the marvellous. The early European 
was, in respect of the unexplored world, a 
credulous child beyond whose visible horizon 
lay a region of delightful possibilities for the 
adventurous, teeming with the true material 
for story-teller and poet, a land of enchant- 
ment thronged with creatures like those dream- 
born shapes that hover about the pillow of 
childhood. The men to whom Homer sang 
dreamed waking; they held the traveller in 
awe as one who had looked upon strange things 
— *'Gorgons, and Hydras, and Chimeras dire"; 
or reverenced him as one blessed, perhaps, 
with a glimpse of foam-born Aphrodite, or of 
silver-footed Thetis stealing like a mist over 
the sea. These artless creeds of humanity's 
childhood are long outworn ; anticipation has 
become but inverted recollection ; and, now- 
adays, the Ancient Mariner who holds us "with 
his glittering eye " has a comparatively trite 
and commonplace tale to tell. The voyage of 

* Thb Pacific Coast Scenic Tour : From Southern Cal- 
ifornia to Alaska. By Henry T. Finck. Illustrated. New 
York : Charles Scribner's Sons. 

Kamblks in thk Black Forest. By Henry W. Wolff. 
New York : Longmans, Green & Co. 

A Russian Journey. By Edna Dean Proctor. Revised 
Edition^ with Prelude. Illustrated. Boston: Houghton, 
Mifflin & Co. 

European Days and Ways. By Alfred E. Lee. Illus- 
trated. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippineott Company. 

The Round Trip from the Hub to the Gkilden Gate. By 
Susie G. Clark. Boston : Lee & Shepard. 

An Eastern Tour at Home. By Joel Cook. Phila- 
delphia : David McKay. 

The Pine Tree Coast. By Samuel Adams Drake. Il- 
lustrated. Boston : Estes & Lauriat. 

Far- West Sketches. By Jessie Benton Fremont. Bos- 
ton : D. Lothrop Company. 

Through Abyssinia: An Envoy's Ride to the King of 
Zion. By F. Harrison Smith, R.N. Illustrated. New York : 
A. C. Armstrong & Son. 

MuNGO Park and the Niger. By Joseph Thompson. 
Illustrated. ** Great Explorers and Explorations. '' New 
York : Dodd, Mead & Co. 

Memoirs of the Military Career of John Shipp, 
late Lieutenant in His Majesty's 87th Regiment. Written by 
himself. With an Introduction by H. Manners Chichester. 
Illustrated. *^ Adventure Series." New York : Macmillan 
&Co. 

The Adventures of Thomas Pellow, of Penryn, 
Mariner : Three-and-Twenty Years in Captivity among the 
Moors. Written by Himself, and Edited, with an Introduc- 
tion, by Dr. Robert Brown. llliLstrated. *' Adventure Se- 
ries.'* New York : Macmillau «fe Co. 



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Odysseus in his hollow ship is, when viewed in 
the calm spirit of modern criticism, a trifling 
affair compared with recent performances ; and 
erratic elderly gentlemen and journalistic 
young ladies of our day excite no great com- 
ment — not half so much, we should say, as 
they would like — by girdling the globe in a 
minute fraction of the time spent by the crafty 
Ithacan in crossing the ii]gean. The prime 
quality required of writers of " Travels " in 
ancient times seems to have been invention — 
a requirement which placed them upon a most 
respectable literary footing, for, if we may l)e- 
lieve Mr. Pope, '* It is the invention that, in 
different degrees, distinguishes all great gen- 
iuses." But the traveller has long been de- 
prived of his traditional weapon, the long bow; 
though, if one may judge from the goodly pile 
of " Books of Travel and Adventure " now be- 
fore us, his popularity has not been greatly 
lessened thereby. 

The freshness, literary merit, and compact 
thoroughness of Mr. Henry T. Finch's " Pa- 
cific Coast Scenic Tour " entitle it, we think, 
to the first place on our list. In this volume 
the author aims to give a general and impar- 
tial view of the whole Pacific Coast from San 
Diego to Sitka, including the hitherto compar- 
atively neglected states of Oregon and Wash- 
ington. A great many books have l)een writ- 
ten about this region, and there has been a 
vast expenditure of superlatives and exclama- 
tion points in the endeavor to fitly exhibit its 
scenic features — to which it is undoubtedly 
difficult to do justice. This volume of Mr. 
Finch's seems to us to surpass easily the best 
of its predecessors in the amount and quality 
of the information it supplies, and in the char- 
acter of its descriptions, some of which fairly 
approach in graphic force the effects attaina- 
ble through the medium of color and canvas. 
The sunny beauties of Southern California, 
and the sublime features of the region to the 
north — Lake Tahoe, Mount Shasta, the Co- 
lumbia River, the Snow Peaks of Washington, 
the giant glaciers of Alaska, the Yellowstone, 
the Grand Canon of the Arkansas, " absolutely 
unique and without a rival anywhere," — are 
pictured with a taste and discrimination that 
will appeal to the cultured reader. The vol- 
ume teems with quotable matter, but we must 
confine ourselves to a few lines descriptive of 
Lake Tahoe : 

" Here are not only mountain peaks and pine- wooded 
shores reflected in the water, but the whoh» sky, with 
its sunset clouds, more brilliantly colored and more fan- 



tastically shaped than anywhere else in the world, is 
mirrored below. The earth no longer seems a hemi- 
sphere, but a perfect symmetrical globe with the spec- 
tator in the centre, floating on the invisible water like 
a disembodied spirit. '* 

Our author has not confined his observations 
to the natural features of the Coast, but gives 
his impressions of the towns and cities as well. 
We advise those of our readers who cannot see 
the glories of this wonderful Pacific Coast 
region through their own eyes, to see them 
through Mr. Finch's — which are certainly a 
good deal better than the most of us can boast 
of. The illustrations are an attractive fea- 
ture of the volume, and are of quite unusual 
merit. 

In the Introduction to his charming book, 
'^ Rambles in the Black Forest," Mr. W. H. 
Wolflf takes his fellow Englishmen to task for 
neglecting, in their summer tours, the pictur- 
esque spot he describes, and migrating con- 
ventionally to " those recognized Alpine pas- 
tures to which accepted bell-wethers still lead 
them." The Black Forest region he pictures as 
a land of giant firs and of shaggy hills studded 
with jutting crags of granite and porphjTy, 
threaded by a profusion of limpid winding 
streams, interspersed with bright meadows, 
trim gardens, and picturesque villages — the 
home of a gayly-clad, kindly-mannered folk 
who have not yet learned to regard the Ilerr 
Engliinder as an affluent Ishmaelite to be 
smitten, pecuniarily, hip and thigh ; in short, 
the Forest is an Eden where nature-loving 
Englishmen may roam for weeks in blissful 
forgetfulness of Pears' Soap, Beecham's Pills, 
the Monkey Brand, and the '* euphony of Cock- 
ney accents." Our author's reflections upon the 
desirability of straying occasionally from the 
beaten paths of European travel are, in the 
main, just enough ; and we commend his book 
to the next outgoing batch of American tour- 
ists — especially of that class of them whose 
esoteric pleasures are dulled by the fact that 
'^ everybody travels nowadays," and who are 
w(mt to gi'eet their countrymen abroad with a 
Gorgon-stare that says plainly enough, " What 
the deuce are yo2i doing here ? " Mr. Wolff 
has made a sj)ecial study of the various dis- 
tricts of the Black Forest, and of the customs 
and industries of its inhabitants ; and his 
work, besides being packed with information, 
possesses literary qualities that lift it out of 
the usual class of " l)ooks of travel." 

A new and enlarged edition of Edna Dean 
Proctor's '*A Russian «Tourney " is welcome, 

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as the work is already favorably known to 
many readers. The book is one that the re- 
viewer can extol cheerfully and with a good 
conscience, feeling that his judgment is not 
likely to be questioned. "A Russian Journey " 
commends itself no less by its refined literary 
style than by the truth and vigor of its descrip- 
tions — descriptions whose accuracy is not, we 
should say, impaired by the warm glow of 
sympathy and poetic feeling with which they 
are tinged. The work is not, of course, put 
forth as an authoritative treatise on Russian 
polity and ethnology. The author makes no 
pretence to having penetrated deeply into the 
life of the people, and touches only casually 
upon the graver topics discussed by Mr. Ken- 
nan and other recent travellers. The journey 
of which the volume is a. record was made 
some twenty yeai'S ago. The author visited 
St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, and inter- 
mediate points, and then turned southward 
into the Cossack country and the Crimea, 
noting intelligently the general outward feat- 
ures of town and country, and the peculiarities 
of the people of the different districts. The 
volume is acceptably illustrated, and is en- 
closed in a decorative cover emblematic of the 
country visited. 

In his " European Days and Ways," Mr. 
Alfred E. Lee discourses pleasantly and in- 
telligently of the " sights " and social features 
of Germany, Holland, Austria, Italy, and 
Spain ; and as his observations are the result 
of an extended residence abroad, they are 
well worth the attention of the prospective 
tourists. Mr. Lee devotes a portion of his 
book to the consideration of political questions, 
two chapters being given to an account of the 
evolution of the German Empire. The volume 
IS a handsome one, and deserves fuller treat- 
ment than can be accorded it here. The illus- 
trations are numerous and good. 

Susie G. Clark's booklet narrating the in- 
cidents of her " Round Trip from the Hub to 
the Golden Gate " seems to us better worth 
reading than some more pretentious works of 
its kind that we could mention. Besides pos- 
sessing a very good style, the author takes 
serious account of what she sees, and credits 
her readers with a rational desire for informa- 
tion ; hence her descriptions are not belittled 
with that phase of " American humor " which 
takes the form of treating respectable things 
¥rith flippant irreverence. The California 
notes are fresh and informing, a chapter on 
the Lick Observatory being especially good. 



The title of Mr. Joel Cook's book, " An 
Eastern Tour," leads one to put the author 
down as an Oriental traveller ; and imagination 
at once pictures him sitting cross-legged upon 
a carpet, puffing a hookah, quaffing snow- 
cooled sherbet or wine of Shiraz, and trying 
to make his harem-owning entertainer believe 
he is enjoying himself. A glance at the in- 
terior of the volume, however, shows that the 
extreme point of the " Orient " reached by 
Mr. Cook was Eastport, Maine. His book is, 
in fact, a series of articles, which are reprinted 
from the Pliiladelphia " Public Ledger," min- 
utely descriptive of various points of interest 
in the Eastern States. The fund of informa- 
tion — historical, traditional, and anecdotal, — 
embodied in these papers is really surprising ; 
and it is imparted in an agreeable way. 

Mr. Samuel Adams Drake's *^ The Pine 
Tree Coast " is a handsome volume illustrative 
of the coast of Maine, from Kittery to East- 
poit — a stretch of twenty-four hundred miles. 
The amount and variety of mformation, local 
and personal, collected here, implies an ap- 
palling development of the collector's bump of 
inquisitiveness ; and we caution people who 
have a hole in their coats to " tent it " before 
Mr. Drake comes " amang " them with his 
note-book. Every nook and corner of the 
Maine coast seems to have been explored and 
its special tradition and gossip ferreted out. 
The value of the work is enhanced by 379 il- 
lustrations — a number of them full-page photo- 
etchings. 

We have read with considerable pleasure a 
little volume of "Far- West Sketches" by 
Mrs. Jessie Benton Fremont. Mrs. Fremont 
has drawn her material from certain early ex- 
periences in California — some of them were 
Californian enough, in all conscience. The 
author writes gracefully and unconventionally, 
and her descriptive powers are exemplified by 
two or three character sketches worthy of the 
pencil of Bret Ilarte himself. Indeed, we 
think we are pretty safe in saying that Mrs. 
Fremont's people resemble their Californian 
prototypes more closely than Mr. Harte's 
charming but rather melodramatic worthies 
resemble theirs. 

In his " Through Abyssinia," Mr. F. Har- 
rison Smith gives a lively and rather instruct- 
ive account of a peculiar mission on which he 
was sent in 1885. In 1883, a treaty was en- 
tered into by Great Britain and Abyssinia by 
which the latter power bound itself to allow 
the release of the Egyptian garrisons^f cer- j 

_._. jL^oogle 



188 



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[Nov., 



tain places within its territory. King John 
of Abyssinia having, in 1885, unexpectedly 
falsified the old saymg about the faith of 
princes, by fulfilling his side of the bargain, it 
was agreed by the British Government that 
such phenomenal honesty should not go un- 
rewarded. It was accordingly decided to pre- 
sent King John, his son, and his chief gen- 
eral, with swords of honor as presents from 
Her Majesty the Queen, and Mr. F. Harrison 
Smith was selected as envoy. The story of 
his journey is an interesting one and is well 
told. 

The latest volume in the " Great Explorers 
and Explorations " series is a timely one. It 
is a well-wi'itten account, by Mr. Joseph 
Thompson, of the Scotch traveller Mungo 
Park, and his two expeditions (1794-1805) 
into the Soudan. Interest in the work of 
African exploration has been particularly 
strong of late ; and without some knowledge 
of what has been done in this field in times 
past one can but imperfectly comprehend the 
results of present activity. The chief object 
of Mungo Park's expeditions was to ascertain 
the origin, course, and termination of the Niger. 
To find the first allusion to this once mysteri- 
ous stream — believed by the ancients to be the 
Nile itself — we must go back to the dawn of 
history. Phoenicia, Greece, Carthage, and 
Rome, each had its bold navigators and travel- 
lers ; and even in those early days — twenty or 
more centuries ago — Africa was the goal of 
adventurous spirits who sought, by penetrat- 
ing into unknown wilds, to win the renown 
due to deeds of high emprise. In the pages 
of Herodotus, Strabo, Pliny, and Ptolemy, we 
find allusions to the fertile negro-land to the 
south of the desert zone, and of the mighty 
river running through it ; and from the mass 
of fable and of Arabian Night marvels, with 
which these ancient tales of " far Cathay " are 
clouded, we can extract the central fac^t that 
many centuries before the Christian era the 
Central or Western Soudan of our day was 
reached and partially explored. For many 
centuries little was added to the knowledge 
gained by the early classical writers. The 
power of Carthage yielded to that of Rome ; 
the African Empire was establisheil, but the 
advancing tide of Roman aggression was stayed 
to the southward by the natural barrier of 
Sahara, and the gi*eat desert remained un- 
crossed. In the seventh century a new power 
rose in the East, and the missionaries of Islam, 
l)nrsting the Ixjundaries of their native country. 



swept like the Simoon over Roman Africa,, 
overhelming its decaying Paganism and cor- 
rupting wrangling Christianity alike in their 
course, and turned finally to the North and 
South in quest of new fields to conquer for 
God and His prophet. The wide Sahara, im- 
passable to Carthaginian and Roman, formed 
no obstacle to the desert-born race ; and within 
less than a century after the commencement 
of the Mohammedan era the Arabs had carried 
the crescent to the banks of the Niger, and es- 
tablished their schools and mosques in the 
negi'o kingdoms to the west of Timbuktu. The 
negro tribes, formerly warring and disunited, 
were combined, for a time, under the spell of 
Arabic religion and Arabic civilization, into 
an empire headed by a powerful king. A 
flourishing trade grew up with their neighbors 
to the north of the desert, and cai^avans of 
Egypt, Tripoli, and Morocco, met at Walata 
and Timbuktu to barter the products of Moor- 
ish art and handicraft for the gold-dust, slaves,, 
and ivory of the Soudanese. Thus was formed, 
in the heart of Africa, the Empire of Prester 
John — a mystic realm whose fabulous wealth 
proved a loadstone to adventurous English- 
men of later times. To them, as to the Por- 
tuguese somewhat earlier, Timbuktu and the 
Niger were words to conjure with. The Niger 
they pictured as a new Pactolus whose sands 
were gold-dust ; while Timbuktu floated in 
their imaginations as an Aladdin-city, gold- 
paved and gold-roofed, crowned with jewelled 
domes and minarets, a resort of caravans laden 
with the wealth of the Orient. It was thought 
that the Senegal and the Gambia were the 
mouths of the Niger, and that to ascend either 
would be to reach the kingdom and partake of 
the wealth of Prester John. Science and 
geographical reseach have robbed the world of 
many a pleasing illusion. Keats lamented 
that the beauty of the rainbow had departed 
with its mystery ; and Timbuktu and the Niger 
have shared the fate of the Homeric lands. 
The latter part of the eighteenth century marks 
the commencement of the modem period of 
African exploration — the period of disinter- 
ested scientific research ; and to the Afrie^m 
Association belongs the honor of inaugurating 
it. It was under the auspices of this society 
that Mungo Park made his first expedition to 
the Niger. The publishers are happy in their 
selection of Mr. Joseph Thompson as the 
author of the present work. He tells the 
dramatic story of Park's career with clearness 
and force, dwelling sympathetically upon the 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



189 



great explorer's mateLless courage and tenacity 
of purpose, yet not glossing over the fact that 
in point of executive ability and foresight he 
was fatally deficient. The volume is supplied 
with a number of fairly good maps and illus- 
trations. 

The third volume in Messrs. Macmillan's 
" Adventure Series " recounts " The Military 
Career of John Shipp," a British soldier who 
by dint of personal merit twice won a cx)mmis- 
sion from the ranks before he was thirty years 
old — an achievement pronounced by his editor, 
H. Manners Chichester, unique in the annals 
of the British army. Shipp saw plenty of act- 
ive service under Lord Lake in India (1804- 
1821), and his narrative presents an excellent 
picture of the everyday life of the English 
soldier at that period. The style of the mem- 
oir is surprisingly good, considering the writ- 
er's limited educational opportunities. A num- 
ber of quaint cuts are furnished, one of them 
representing Shipp himself pointing an unser- 
viceable-looking sabre at a fortress which he 
seems to be storming single-handed. 

Another volume in the same series, " The 
Adventures of Thomas Pellow," takes us back 
to the days of the Barbary corsairs, when the 
merchant vessels of Christendom, coursing 
between the Pillars of Hercules, ran a grue- 
some risk of being overhauled by the fleet of 
Morocco cruisers and towed as prize into the 
dens of Moslem piracy infesting the African 
coast. Happily, these nests of infamy have 
long since fallen into decay, or been pounded 
into submission by the cannon of the Naza- 
renes. In the year 1715, Thomas Pellow, 
then eleven years of age, set sail on a voyage 
from Falmouth to Genoa. When off Cape 
Finisterre, the vessel was surprised and cap- 
tured by two Sallee rovers, and Pellow, with 
his companions, was conveyed into the interior 
to become the slave of the Emj)eror Muley Is- 
mail. His situation may l)e inferred from 
the picture he draws of his master : ''He was 
of so fickle and cruel a nature that none could 
be even for one hour secure of life." This ty- 
rant kept several dextrous executioners at his 
elbow, to whom his sanguinary orders were 
conveyed by signs — *' as, for instance, when he 
would have any person's head cut oflF, by draw- 
ing or shrinking his own as close as he could 
to his shouldere, and then with a very quick 
or sudden motion extending it ; and when he 
would have any one strangled, by the qiuck 
turn of his arm-wrist, his eyes lK»ing fixed on 
the victims." During the early part of his 



captivity, Pellow suffered every manner of in- 
dignity and hardship ; but later, having ab- 
jured Christianity and "turned Moor," he 
fared better, and entered the Moorish army, 
serving under Muley Ismail, Muley Abdal- 
malek, and Muley Abdallah, and was an eye- 
witness of most of the sanguinary episodes of 
their reigns. Fellow's account of his twenty- 
three year's captivity and final escape is very 
interesting, and presents a reasonably accurate 
picture of Moorish manners at that period. 
The volume is illustrated, and the editor, Dr. 
Robert Brown, has prefaced it with an in- 
structive account of the origin, growth, and 
suppression of Barbary piracy. 

Edward Gilpin Johnson. 



The Xkw "International." Webster.* 



Before me stand two of the biggest books in 
the world : Webster's "American Dictionary," 
bearing the date 1887, and Webster's "Inter- 
national Dictionary" of the year 1890. The 
main body of the former is the edition of 1864, 
typographically unchanged ; the editions of 
1879 and 1884 are swollen by supplements of 
one kind and another, but beyond this they 
were in no sense revised. The appendix of 
1879, containing a large number of new words 
and definitions, though welcome to many, was 
probably of little utility to the great mass of 
those who have had occasion to consult this 
^pular oracle. To pause in the midst of an 
interesting story or essay or article to look up 
a word is undoubtedly a praiseworthy act in- 
volving the exercise of no small amount of 
energy. Praiseworthy as this act may be, the 
solitary reader can look for no other praise 
than that of his own literary conscience, and 
the voice of the literary conscience is too often 
very still and small. When the reader has 
roused himself to consult the dictionary and 
has failed to find what he wants in the body of 
the work, the literary conscience is rarely des- 
potic enough to impel him to plunge into a 
maze of appendixes, whence he is too likely to 
emerge uninformed and discouraged. There 
are a thousand ways of appeasing conscience 
in such a case. The attention may be dis- 

* Webster's Intebnational Dictionaby of the English 
Language. Being the Authentic Edition of Webster's Un- 
abridged Dictionary, Comprising the Issues of 1H64, 1879, and 
1H84, now thoroughly Revised and Enlarged under the Super- 
vision of Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D., of Yale University. 
With a Volnminous Appendix. Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. 
Merriam <& Co. 



Digitized by 



Google 



190 



THE DIAL 



[Nov., 



tracted from the author's train of thought ; the 
hour for reading may slip by ; the quest for 
the word may prove bootless ; and if we read 
on, the meaning may dawn upon us, or the 
writer may explain it himself. Nothing short 
of a dispute about the meaning of a word 
would ever arouse an unprofessional or un- 
scholarly reader to such a heroic expenditure 
of patience and fortitude as is involved in 
running down a shade of meaning in two or 
three different parts of this vast work, when 
the odds ai-e perhaps against his finding it 
at all. 

This is by no means the sole reason why a 
revision of Webster was called for. It seems 
not improbable that the past quarter-century 
has added a larger number of words to the 
English language than any preceding century 
since Norman French finally became blended 
with Old English to form the language of 
Wiclif and Chaucer. The thousands of words 
and meanings which the progress of modem 
society, with its retinue of arts and inventions 
and sciences, has added to our tongue since 
the Civil War, were but crudely and partially 
registered in the Supplement of 1879. Had 
the material forming that Supplement been 
merged in the body of the work, the dictionary 
would still have remained very imperfect. The 
wider resources and the exacter methods of 
philological investigation had shown the inad- 
equacy of much of the etymological part, and 
yet this was probably the most scientific part 
of the entire work. The unscientific method 
employed in the definitions of words was far 
more painfully evident. The book swarmed 
with grotesque, inaccurate, and useless cuts ; 
and the typography, if never quite illegible, 
was coming to be, in places, a severe trial to the 
eye. 

Recognizing these and other facts, the pub- 
lishers undertook, some ten years ago, the prep- 
aration of a dictionary which should answer to 
the present popular need. The result is before 
us. In the words of the editor-in-chief, — " The 
revision now given to the public is the fruit of 
over ten years of lalK)r by a large editorial 
staff, in which publishers • and editors have 
spared neither ex2)ense nor pains to produce 
a comprehensive, accurate, and symmetrical 
work." The publishers make the following 
extraordinary statements : 

" The staff of paid editorial laborers has numbered 
not less than one hundred persons, licsides these, a large 
uiiniber of interested scholars have freely contributed in 
iin)>ort}int ways to its completeness and value. Within 
the ten years that the work has been in progress, and 



before the first copy was printed, mare than three Aun- 
dred thousand dollars was expended in editing, illustrat- 
ing, type-setting, and electrotyping." 

There is no reason to doubt these statements. 
Careful and detailed examination of many dif- 
ferent parts of the book has convinced me that 
it is entirely re-written from cover to cover. 
Of course much of the old material, represent- 
ing the stable portion of our word-lore, remains ; 
but this old matter has been everywhei-e re- 
moulded, condensed, and blended with new. 
How skilfully this has been done could only 
be shown by parallel quotations for which The 
Dial has no room. Let anyone take, for ex- 
ample, the word nice^ and compare its treat- 
ment in the " Unabridged " and in the " Inter- 
national." lie will find that the eight heads 
under which the meanings were grouped have 
been reduced to seven, that these heads have 
been entirely rearranged sq that the last is first 
and the first last, that the etymology is treated 
more instructively in half the space, and that 
the synonymy is reduced, to the great relief of 
the reader, from seventeen lines to three. This 
system of c»ondensation has been carried out 
consistently throughout the work, so that very 
nmch more information is given ^dthin the 
same space. Probably no one who has been 
accustomed to use the old dictionary, and has 
not compared it with the new, can imagine how- 
large an amount of matter the older work con- 
tained which we can dispense with and never 
miss it. 

By means of these arts of condensation and 
judicious omission, the work has been kept 
within the l)ounds of a single volume. The two 
books, as they stand side by side, show no 
great disparity. The '* International "is a half- 
inch taller than the " Unabridged," and a trifle 
stouter. But no physiognomist could divine, 
from the diflference in outward configuration 
and bulk, the immense disparity within. The 
edition of 1887 contains 2012 pages ; the pres- 
ent edition contains 2118 somewhat larger 
pages. My scioitiny of the work inclines me 
to believe that every page of the revised work 
contains incomparably more information than 
the correspond mg page of the earlier work, 
and that this information is more scientifically 
arranged, more perspicuously worded, and far 
freer from intermixture of irrelevant, errone- 
ous, or trivial matter. 

I have but little space left for more specific 
statements and illustrations. I have mentioned 
the rearrangement of the definitions under the 
word 7uce. This is simply onejjlustration out 

Digitized by vn* _ _ _ _. 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



191 



of thousands. The principle of this rearrange- 
ment is to exhibit the historic filiation of the 
various significations which a word may bear. 
The reader is enable to think back with the 
universal mind across centuries and millenaries, 
and to trace the subtle associations of thought 
by which words have leaped from one meaning 
to another. So also, in the etymologies, he is 
enabled to follow the metamorphoses which 
words have imdergone as to their outward form. 
The etymologies are rendered more perspicu- 
ous by being purged of the superfluous citations 
made by Dr. Mahn of parallel forms in the 
various modem languages. Those forms only 
are here cited which are in the direct line of 
descent, or which throw some useful light upon 
the laws by which that descent has been de- 
termined. The etymologies are further vastly 
improved by the citation of cognate forms and 
congeners, which would otherwise be over- 
looked. This is an entirely new feature, and a 
most useful one. Thus, under induce^ refer- 
ence is made to duke and induct ; under scheriie^ 
to epochs hectic^ and school ; under science^ to 
conscience^ conscious^ and nice. 

As might be expected, there is a marked im- 
provement in the treatment of certain classes 
of words which are just now enormously in 
vogue, — such as science^ lienaissance^ society 
and its congeners social^ socialism^ etc., induc- 
tion^ electric^ magnet and its derivatives, devel- 
opnient^ hypnotism. The words Darwinism^ 
solidary^ and mugmump^ may serve as samples 
of as many classes of new words not found in 
the former editions and supplement. But the 
great majority of new words here found are 
special terms in science and specific names of 
animals and plants. To what an extent new 
words appear may be illustrated by the fact 
that on the first two pages under the letter L 
no less than forty-three words are found which 
had been recorded in no previous edition. At 
this rate the "International" would contain 
upwards of thirty-six thousand more words 
than the "Unabridged" dictionary in its best 
estate. 

The " Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction" 
furnishes a striking example of the methods by 
which a much larger amount of pertinent in- 
formation has been ci'owded into a smaller 
number of pages. In the edition of 1884, this 
*' dictionary" fills fifty-two pages ; in the pres- 
ent edition it fills but thirty. Yet by the 
omission of the frequent long quotations and 
other illustrative matter in the original work, 
room is made for the insertion of a large num* 



ber of additional " noted names." Of course 
this changes the entire character of this " dic- 
tionary" ; and the change is, I think, in the 
interest of the greatest number of those who 
may have occasion to look up such " noted 
names." Under the letter N, for example, 
there are here forty-seven articles ; in the orig- 
inal there are but thirty-five. Of the thirty- 
five, three have been omitted ; so that in all, 
fifteen new articles have been added. This 
work has been executed judiciously and accu- 
rately. 

The other well-known supplements of the 
later editions of Webster have been retained 
and improved. Even the list of words and 
phrases from foreign languages has been care- 
fully revised. In view of the great popularity 
of the study of the German language and of 
the frequent Germanisms used by such widely- 
read authors as Carlyle and one or two others, 
one looks for a great increase in the number 
of words and phrases quoted from the German. 
I may have overlooked some, but in the edition 
of 1884 I find but one : ich dien. In the pres- 
ent edition I find four more : auf unedersehen^ 
Ewiykeit^ Sturm und Drang^ Zeitgeist. One 
looks in vain for epochemacheiid^ tonange- 
hend^ and others ; nor is the word epoch-making 
to be found among the English words, — though 
it is very proj)erly included in the Century 
Dictionary. Another unaccountable omission 
is that of the Latin word redivivus^ which is far 
more frequently used in English than most of 
the Latin woids in this list. 

Undoubtedly, the quotations cited to illus- 
trate the definitions form the weakest point of 
this dictionary, — unless, indeed, that weakest 
point be the utter omission of a quotation, and 
the mere citation of an author's name in sup- 
port of a sense in which he is supposed by the 
editor to have used the word in question. I 
give the briefest example I can find. The word 
poser is defined as follows : 

« One who, or that which, puzzles ; a difficult or in- 
explicable question or fact. Bacon." 

Here Bacon's name is cited for the three 
meanings, apparently, which are attributed to 
the word. Now in his essay " Of Studies," 
Bacon does perhaps use the word in one of 
these senses, but with a much more specific 
reference than is here indicated : in the sense, 
namely, of an examiner — one who poses, or ap- 
poses, questions. The word is still so used at 
the schools of Eton and Winchester. This 
fact the dictionary should state ; or if space 
does not permit this, it should at least indicate j 

.. jgle 



192 



THE DIAL 



[Nov., 



where in Bacon's works the word is to be 
found ; or, at the very least, in which of the 
senses named he uses the word. As a matter 
of fact, his use of the word does not exactly 
correspond to any of these meanings, unless, in- 
deed, an examiner be necessarily "one who puz- 
zles." I lay stress upon this, because it is an 
illustration of a radical defect which this dic- 
tionary shares with Worcester's, and with many 
others. Such mere citation of an author's name 
is likely to be misleading, if it be not entirely 
meaningless. 

There are traces of an attempt to verify the 
illustrative quotations ; but as no clue has ever 
been given to them, this attempt can hardly 
have been successful, except in isolated cases 
where the quotations have turned up in the 
course of reading for other purposes. Under 
" school^ V. t., 2," two very important correc- 
tions are made in the quotation from Dryden, 
which was, like many others, sadly garbled in 
previous editions. Under the adjective /r/ce^c, 
the following quotation is made from " Prof. 
Wilson": 

" * How to interpose * with a small, smart remark, 
sentiment facete, or unctuous anecdote." 

In the edition of 1884, this reads very differ- 
ently : 

" Good manners must have induced them, now and 
then, < here to interpose,' with a small, smaH remark, 
etc." 

In this case, unless the original quotation is 
almost incredibly garbled, the fault would seem 
to lie at the door of the present editorship. 
A very different and less pardonable error of 
the present editor was the insertion of the bit 
of inediajval scholasticism which does duty as 
the first quotation under the word scieiice^ 
where it is grotesquely out of place. 

I forbear further strictures. Barring an oc- 
casional broken letter, the liook is beautifully 
and correctly printed. Most of the ugly old 
cuts have been replaced by othei*s more modern 
and more ac^curate. As a whole, the book is 
a most welcome and an invaluable addition to 
our stock of books of reference. Never before 
has such a mass of accurate information been 
placed between two covers. Even those who 
possess the more sumptuous and more exhaust- 
ive Century Dictionary will find Webster's 
" International " almost indispensable for ready 
reference, — and, in their hours of indolence, for 
unready reference also. 

Mklvii.lk B. Andekson. 



The Civilizatiox of the Renaissance,* 



The appearance of a translation of Dr. Burck- 
hardt's already well-known work is another to- 
ken of the unflagging interest taken in that 
stirring epoch when the intelligence of human- 
ity awoke to conscious freedom and energy. To 
English readers, the ground might seem to have 
been covered by Symonds's exhaustive analy- 
sis ; but the fine feeling and thorough scholar- 
ship of Dr. Burckhardt's treatise could not well 
have been spared, particularly as the condensed 
form in which he presents his materials would 
prove no objection to the special student of the 
period. The Italian civilization of the four- 
teenth century has a peculiar significance in its 
relations to that mighty impulse which, begin- 
ning with the Renaissance, is to-day still active 
and unspent ; but our author indulges in no 
generalizations leading us to regard this phase 
of society as merely the point of contact be- 
tween the modern spirit and the fresh vigor of 
antiquity. Italy was the home of the restored 
humanities, and he confines himself to pointing 
out the conditions under which alone that span- 
taneous outburst could have taken place. 

First comes the state as a "work of art," the 
scientific result of delilieration and reflection, 
where, amid the crowd of tyrants and despots, 
the modern political spirit is noticed for the 
first time, gi'adually developing the great con- 
stitutional principle of the equality of man and 
the rights of the individual. Man, who has 
known himself hitherto as a member of a race, 
a people, or a family, becomes a conscious per- 
sonal force, a force which, by favoring natural 
causes, reaches its highest point in a manifes- 
tation petiuliar to Italy alone, — the flower and 
crown of humanity, Vuomo universale^ the "all- 
sided man." 

Having reached this point in his narrative, 
Dr. Burckhardt proceeds to show us the influ- 
ence of classic literature on the national mind, 
insisting that it was not alone the revival of 
antiquity which revolutionized the world, but 
its union with the genius of the Italian people. 
When civic life had become a possibility, a con- 
dition of society arose in which the need of cul- 
ture was felt, and in which existed the leisure 
and means to obtain it. The sympathies of all 
classes of Italians would turn naturally to an- 
tiquity, and in its civilization they found a 
guide to those two great revelations immortal- 

♦ The Civiuzation of the Rknamsancr in Italy. By 
Jiicob Burt'khardt. Authoiized Translation by S. G. C. Mid- 
dlemore. New York : Macmillan <& Co. 



Digiti: 



zed by Google 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



193 



ized by Michelet as the Discovery of the World 
and the Discovery of Man. 

The passionate enthusiasm of this search for 
the remains of antiquity, not only literary but 
artistic, is dwelt uj)on at some length, as rep- 
resenting how the spirit of the people was col- 
ored by that influence. When we have thus 
been shown the " individual," and the milieu 
in which he was trained, we arrive at the point 
where his spirit burst its bonds and attained 
self-conscious freedom, with the power to judge 
and the impulse to explore, to create, to re])- 
resent. We do not find here the fire which 
inspires us in the English author who has so 
vividly described this period, but instead gen- 
eral observations, patient and painstaking, of 
the i-esults achieved by the Italians in their 
explorations of the physical world and in the 
world of intellect. Contemplating the figure 
of " the great Genoese," we are ready to admit 
the as.seiiiion that they are preiMuinently the 
nation of discoverers, "for," says Dr. Burck- 
hardt, " the true discoverer is not the man who 
first chances to stumble uj>on anything, but the 
man who first finds what he sought." Be this 
as it may, the passion for travel and adventure, 
which had such far-reaching results, was first 
aroused in Italy. In the natural sciences he 
also claims for her the highest place, with Pa- 
olo Toscanelli, Luca Paccioli, and Lionardo da 
Vinci, of whom even Copernicus confessed him- 
self a pupil ; but this vast subject is touched 
upon but lightly. 

The discovery of the intellectual side of man 
was the second great achievement of the Re- 
naissance. Considering that this result is stud- 
ied l)e8t in the effort of the human mind to ob- 
serve and describe itself, Dr. Burckhardt gives 
us an analysis of the poetry of the fourteenth cen- 
tury, and attempts to discover why Italy, stand- 
ing in the front rank of every other de})artment 
of literature, science, and art, should occupy 
so low a place In tragedy. The chapters on 
religion and morality close the investigation, 
and are of especial interest. Our author dep- 
recates any attempt to judge the attitude of 
this great people by any other race, alleging 
the influence of antiquity as unfavorable to the 
attainment of the Christian ideal of holiness, 
and finding excuse for those powerful natures 
of the Renaissance who, through principle, "re- 
pented of nothing." 

In view of the close connection between mod- 
em life and thought and the period described 
by Dr. Burckhardt, the reviewer finds it diffi- 
cult to refrain from considerations the expres- 



sion of which might seem commonplace. This 
book will assist the reader to realize to what a 
degree our destiny has been shaped by the 
spirit of the Renaissance. We are still in mid- 
current of the stream which took its rise in 
this great water-shed between the antique world 
and the modern. 

Henrietta Schuyler Gardiner. 



Briefs ox Xkw Books. 

Francis Tiffany's " Life of Dorothea Lynde 
Dix" (Houghton) belongs among biographies of 
the best class. It is more than a mere narrative of 
the acts, habits, and events in the life of one indi- 
vidual ; it deals with the conditions, historical, po- 
litical, social — with the " environment," according 
to the favorite word of the day — in which the chief 
character finds hei'self, and then proceeds to show 
the influence of personality on that environment. 
The story of Dorothea Dix is the story of a woman 
who dedicated herself, with the self-sacrifice of a 
martyr and the religious fervor of a saint, to a life- 
work in behalf of the insane. Before entering upon 
this narrative in detail, the author devotes a cha]>- 
ter to the early theories of insanity, and shows how 
it was formerly regarded, not as a fury of the in- 
flamed and congested body acting on the mind, but 
as a fury of the mind, turning men and women into 
tigers and jackals. Iron cages, chains, clubs, star- 
vation, were regarded as the only fit instrumentali- 
ties for dealing with these wild beasts ; the whole 
realm of the subtler relations between mind and 
body were as yet a terra iricor/nita ; the insane were 
inevitably looked u])on with a strange and cruel 
blending of repulsion, personal fear, and despair of 
any methods but those of physical coercion. Even 
so late as the beginning of the present century, there 
were in the whole United States but four insane 
asylums, and of these only one liad been entirely 
built by a state government. In France and En- 
gland began the new epoch in the history of the 
treatment of insanity. It implied an absolute re- 
versal of all previous conceptions ; the substitution, 
in the place of restraint and force, of the largest 
possible degree of liberty ; the abandonment of the 
whole previous idea of brute subjection for that of 
the emancipation of reason and tlie enhancement 
of the sense of personal responsibility. Later, a 
few men of consecrated intelligence and humanity in 
this country enlisted under the new banner, and es- 
tablished institutions where the insane might see they 
were regarded as men and brethreii. None the 
less, one indispensable spiritual power was still lack- 
ing. It was that of a fervid apostle of the new 
creed — of one animated with the requisite inspira- 
tion and fire to lead a crusade against the almost 
universal ignorance, superstition, and apathy which 
still reigned over nearly the whole of the States of 
the Union. How this imperative demand w^ an- ^ 

_ igitized by VnOOQ IC 



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[Nov., 



swered in th6 person of Dorothea Dix, what a mar- 
vellous series of campaigns of pure humanity were 
won by this woman single-handed, what enormous 
structures and park-like grounds were made to start 
out of the earth by the wand of her moral genius, 
what victories were hers over the stupidity, selfish- 
ness, indifference, and heartlessness of legislatures, 
state and national, at home and abroad, form the 
story of this very interesting volume. In closing 
it, we feel that the words written at her death three 
years ago, by a celebrated physician of this country 
to a professional brother in £ngland, are not ex- 
travagant : " Thus has died and been laid to rest, 
in the most quiet, unostentatious way, the most use- 
ful and distingruished woman America has yet pro- 
duced." 

Those pessimists who deem the present the worst 
of all eras hitherto, and whose millennium will be 
the worst of all possible eras, must at least admit 
this to be an age of longevity in men of thought 
and men of action. In the cases of some who have 
recently passed away, like Victor Hugo, Professor 
Ranke, and Cardinal Newman, as well as in the 
cases of many who are still active and productive 
at eighty and upwards, the spectacle has something 
of the excitement of a race. Taking courage from 
such stout defiers of time as Mr. Gladstone and 
Mr. Holmes and Lord Tennyson, the men of the 
generation of Mr. Lowell and • Prof essor Henry 
Morley may still look forward to a long autumnal 
period wherein to harvest the fruitage of their 
prime. Professor Morley published, a generation 
ago, a history of English literature to the time of 
Chaucer and beyond. This work, which bore the 
somewhat equivocal title of " English Writers," was 
and is the most complete treatment of the subject. 
In November, 1887, The Dial gave an extended 
notice of the first volume of a new and thoroughly 
re-written edition of this great work, and from time 
to time we have recorded the appearance of suc- 
ceeding volumes. We now take great pleasure in 
welcoming the fifth volume, treating almost ex- 
clusively of Wiclif and Chaucer, and almost com- 
pleting the re-issue of the earlier work. This 
volume is, perhaps, by virtue of its subject, the 
most interesting of all so far. In character and 
style it differs so little from the previous volumes 
that we forbear repeating the criticisms and com- 
mendations which this meritorious work has so 
often received in these columns. No student of 
Chaucer can afford to be without the present 
volume. It may be incidentally mentioned that 
the author assumes, con jecturally, that Chaucer was 
born in the year 1332, instead of about the year 
1340, as most authorities now believe ; and that no 
mention is made of the supposed fact that Chaucer 
was ransomed by Edward III. from French cap- 
tivity for £16. At page 103, the statement is 
made that John of Gaunt was the third son of Ed- 
ward III. The fact is that he was the fourth son. 
Despite some shortcomings and some oddities which 



one can readily forgive, this volume forms the most 
exhaustive and useful account of Chaucer and bis 
work now accessible to the English reader. Every 
student of our literature will join us in the hearty 
wish that the veteran autlior may be spared to give 
us many more volumes of " English Writers." The 
publishers, Cassell & Co., issue the work in an at- 
tractive and handy form. 

The "English Men of Action" series (Mac- 
millan) keeps up its reputation admirably in its 
two latest volumes — " Clive," by Sir Charles Wil- 
son, and " Sir Charles Napier," by Sir William 
Butler. These lives of soldiers by veteran cam- 
paigners draw us to them by the very fact that the 
subject is in the hands of an expert ; and when by 
perusal one discovers that the expert author is not 
a mere technical machine and martinet, but a man 
first and foremost, with large human sympathies 
and a keen insight into human nature and institu- 
tions as well as into strategical and tactical lore, 
he rejoices in the happy selection of the biographer. 
Both these English colonels have already won 
laurels for gallantry in the field, and Colonel Butler 
is already known to the reader of the " Men of Ac- 
tion " by his fascinating sketch of Gordon. His 
pen has not lost its cunning as it takes up this new 
theme ; and well might the life of the noble Napier 
arouse the enthusiasm of this liberal-minded soldier 
of our own day. As we follow, in these pages, the 
career of their hero, through the Peninsula and 
the war in Scinde to the command-in-chief in In- 
dia, or wait with him in the long intervals of service 
" out of harness " for an unappreciative war bureau, 
we catch the spirit of the true-hearted Napier, in- 
tolerant of wrong and meanness of every kind. 
But the fiery glow of indignation which illuminates 
the narrative tells us also that England still has in 
command of her regiments men who rejoice as 
they see ** the great circle of human sympathy 
growing wider with every hour, and some new tribe 
among the toiling outcasts of men taken within 
its long-closed limits " — " a Greater Britain and a 
larger Ireland growing beyond the seas, fulfilling 
the work of liberty and progress." Large and gener- 
ous thoughts, but unwonted from a colonel of Her 
Majesty's forces I Colonel Wilson's book is a com- 
panion piece to Lyall's " Hastings." These two 
little volumes redeem the characters of these two 
great pro-consuls. Wilson says truly: "Among 
the many illustrious men India has produced, none 
is greater than the first of her soldier-statesmen, 
whose successful career marks an era in the history 
of England and of the world : great in council, 
great in war, great in his exploits which were many, 
and great in his faults which were few." 

Mr. Charles T. Newhall is the author of a 
manual of '* The Trees of Northeastern America " 
(Putnam), prepared for the non-botanical reader. 
His object is to afford simple means of identifica- 
tion for all the native species of^anada and the 

_ igitized by vj _ ^ _ _ 



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THE DIAL 



195 



northern United States east of the Mississippi. His 
key of genera is easily mastered, and fills but two 
pages. It is based entirely upon the leaves, their 
kind, arrangement, and margin. Given a stem with 
two or more leaves upon it, but a moment is needed 
to refer it to a group of from one to six genera. 
The only exception to this rule is in the case of 
trees whose leaves are simple and alternate, with 
toothed margins. This group includes no less than 
nineteen genera, and for it a special key would 
have been desirable. The plates afford the most 
important feature of the book, for nearly every 
species described has a page of outline drawings to 
itself. One hundred and sixteen species are thus 
figured, and the few others mentioned are culti- 
vated or uncommon species easily to be differentiated 
by the accompanying descriptions. Mr. Newhall's 
descriptions are clear and in the simplest possible 
language. A botanist will naturally turn to the 
difficult genus Salix as a crux of the author's treat- 
ment, and will, in tliis case, be a little disappointed, 
for he will find fully described only three native 
and three adventive species, together with three or 
four varieties. Gray's "Manual" gives twenty- 
one species and ten varieties. Many of these are 
shrubs, it is true ; but in the case of the willows it 
is very difficult to distinguish between shrubby and 
arboreal forms, and the leaves alone offer little 
assistance. Salix is, of course, an exceptional 
genus, and is probably the only one in which Mr. 
Newhall's book will not be very helpful. The sal- 
icologists themselves find it hard enough to classify 
this genus, and an amateur is not to be blamed for 
lack of complete success in the effort. The Conir 
fera' and Qiiercua have special keys which ought 
to prevent any difficulty in the determination of 
their species. Bits of folk-lore, poetry, and non- 
technical description, scattered through this volume, 
make it almost readable, in addition to its useful- 
ness for reference. It has a sufficient glossary and 
a capital index. A similar volume on " The Shrubs 
of Northeastern America " is promised for future 
publication. 

Nothing less than the heartiest welcome can be 
offered to Mr. George Edward Woodberry's 
"Studies in Letters and Life " (Houghton), for in 
the book is something more than promise. Perhaps 
it is not too much to say that no better literary 
work is being done in America to-day. In his life 
of Poe, in the " American Men of Letters " series, 
Mr. Woodberry showed his ability to do strong and 
thorough work. His recently-published volume of 
poems, " The North Shore Watch," together with 
these "Studies," assures us that literature is not 
yet quite extinct in America. This collection 
of essays, reprinted from the "Atlantic " and the 
"Nation," gives evidence of sound tliought and 
keen insight. The writer's polish and the poet's 
touch are plainly to be seen. The criticism is full 
of life, grace, and common sense, and it is interest- 
ing to contrast tlie tone of this poet's prose with 



that of Swinburne's. Here there is nothing of the 
wild exaggeration, the fervid rhetoric, that so fre- 
quently mar Swinburne's work. On the other hand, 
Mr. Woodberry has not the airy delicacy of Lowell 
at his best. Still, the suggestiveness is not want- 
ing, and as far as clearness of vision and maturity 
of judgment are concerned, perhaps some persons 
might be found to say that this new speaker was as 
safe a guide as the elder poet. That is high praise, 
and it may be deserved. When we find such true 
appreciation of a poet's life and aims as we do in 
the paper on Shelley, such temperate yet unhamp- 
ered criticism as in the paper on Byron, such clear 
and permanent truth-telling as in " Illustrations of 
Idealism," we are judging falsely if we do not as- 
sign the writer a high place. When, in addition, 
his powers are so varied that he writes in the same 
thoughtfid way on Greek sculpture, on Darwin, on 
the Italian Renaissance, on Bunyan and Channing, 
we must ask ourselves how many American writers 
can do this. If it is our final judgment that Mr. 
Woodberry's criticism is as sound and good as any 
that we have had on this side of the Atlantic, we 
shall probably not be far from the truth. The very 
least we can say is that these " Studies " are thoi^ 
oughly delightful. 

A BRIEF, accurate, and interesting historical 
sketch of English lexicography from early in the 
seventeenth century to the present day, is the lead- 
ing paper in Mr. R. O. Williams's " Our Diction- 
aries, and Other P^nglish Language Topics" 
(Holt.) Mr. Williams's remarks on our first dic- 
tionaries — " The New World of Words," " An En- 
glish Expositour," "A Compleat Collection," are 
some of their titles — are agreeably instructive, and 
his comments on the dictionaries of to-day are ad- 
mirable in tone and scholarly in spirit. Especially 
worthy of consideration are his objections to the 
Philological Society's "New English Dictionary." 
The accuracy of the definitions of scientific terms 
is questioned, and a doubt is cast on the possibility 
of verifying the quotations under Murray's present 
method. Another interesting chapter is on " Good 
English for Americans." The drift of this paper 
is sufficiently indicated, perhaps, by Mr. Williams's 
statement that in time we may expect Americans 
to speak American, Australians to speak Australian, 
etc., — English, as it now stands, being left to the 
inhabitants of Great Britain. The rest of the book 
is given up to an unprejudiced discussion of partic- 
ular words. A very full index makes the volume 
an easy one to refer to. 

The title of " Our Mother Tongue " (Dodd), a 
new work by Theodore H. Mead, does not prepare 
us for the contents of the book itself, for the author 
has reference to our language as it sounds, not as 
it is written. The special subject of the book is 
the defective and monotonous qualities of American 
English as it appeara to our ears. Mr. Mead's 
aim is to enable one to acquire, without a teacher, | 

_igitizedby _^ _ _iQlC 



196 



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[Nov., 



a well-modulated yoice that shall lay one emphasis 
on the right words properly pronounced. The two 
rules given are observe and practice. The author 
is right in thinking that it is necessary to arouse 
interest in the subject. No one can have failed to 
notice how much more variety, not to say richness, 
there is in the tones of an Englishman than in those 
of an American. There is room for improvement, 
and necessity for it if we wish to avoid the unpleas- 
ant, yet just, comments of foreigners on our manner 
of speech. As to whether this book will turn out 
to be the long-needed work, one must be permitted 
a doubt. Mr. Mead's attitude toward the subject 
is characterized by a great deal of common sense, 
and certainly the difiPerent exercises he recommends 
— exercises in breathing, for example, — must be 
highly beneficial. But is it practical to suppose 
that we are going to draw close distinctions in the 
pronunciation of missed and missile, metal and met- 
tle, cymbal and symbol, even for the sake of the 
much needed variety of speech ? The author is a 
purist in pronunciation, and the pronouncing vocab- 
ulary, which takes up 240 pages, is constructed ac- 
cordingly. 

"CiTiZENESS Bonaparte," the new volume in 
the " Famous Women of the French Court " 
series (Scribner), is, like its predecessors, a strik- 
ing example of the skill of the author, Imbert de 
Saint-Amand, in the art of working up a mass of 
excerpts into a fairly continuous and readable nar- 
rative. It is only fair to add, in respect of these 
excerpts, that M. Saint-Amand conscientiously sup- 
plies the quotation marks in each case — a formality 
sometimes omitted. " Citizeness Bonaparte " treats 
of the period dating from Josephine's marriage to 
Napoleon in 1796, to the time when — after the 
victorious campaigns in Italy and Egypt — he was 
made First Consul, in 1800. As already remarked 
in our previous notices of this series, the author in- 
clines to a rather sentimental view of his subject ; 
and in the present volume this tendency finds full 
scope. The time-honored — and, it seems to us, not 
now very momentous — conundrums as to the exact 
length, breadth, and depth of Napoleon's love for 
his wife, and the exact length, breadth, and depth 
of his wife's love for him, are again debated pro and 
cx>n with great accumen and marshalling of authori- 
ties, and abundant quotation of pyrotechnic epistles. 



Books of the Month. 

[The following list includes all books received by Thb Dial 
during the month qf October, 1890.] 

ILLUSTRATED GIFT BOOKS. 

A Mosaic. By the Artists* Fund Society of Philadelphia. 
Edited by Harrison S. Morris. 22 Photograyures, with 
appropriate text. Imperial 8yo, pp. Vio. Gilt edg^es. 
Boxed. J. B. Lippincott Co. $7.50. 

Our Great Actors: Portraits of Celebrated Actors in their 
Most Distingruished Roles, by Charles S. Abb^. Repro- 
duced in Color. Boxed. Estes & Lanriat. $r).(X). 

Jane Byre. By Charlotte BrontS. With 48 Ulustrations. 
2To]t. 12mo,8;Uttop. Boxed. T. Y. Crowell <& Co. $5, 



The Bong of Hiawatha. By Henry Wadsworth Lonfi:fel- 
low. Witli Illustrations from Desi«:ns by Frederic Kemr 
mingrton. 8yo, pp.242. Uncut, gilt top. Boxed. Hough- 
ton, Mifflin & Co. $6.00. 

Our Old Home. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. Annotated 
with Passages from the Author's Note-Book, and Illus- 
trated with Photogravures. 2 vols. 16mo. Gilt top, 
uncut. Boxed. Houghton, Mifflin <& Co. $4.00. 

0\ir New Engrland. Her Nature Described by Hamilton 
Wright Mabie, and Some of Her Familiar Scenes Illus- 
trated. 12 Photogravures from Nature. Oblong 4to. Gilt 
edges. Boxed. lioberts Brothers. $4.00. 

Urania. By Camille Flammarion. Translated by Au 
Rice Stetson. Illustrated by De Bieler, and others. ] 
8yo, pp.ai4. Gilt top. Boxed. Estes <& Lauriat. $3.50. 

Bngrlish Poems. Illustrated with Etchings by M. M. Tar- 
lor. Oblong folio, pp. 48. Gilt edges. Boxed. J. B. 
Lippincott Co. $2.r>0. 

Tlsd7ac of the Yoeemite. By M. B. M. Toland, author of 
'' Legend Laymone." W^ith Full-page Illustraiaons jn 



Photogravure. Square 8vo. Gilt edges. Boxed. J. B. 
Lippincott Co. $2.50. 

The boul of Pierre. By Georges Ohnet, author of "The 
Master of the Forge.'' Translated from the French by 
Mary J. Serrano. Illustrated by Emile Bayard. Edition 
de Ltixe. 12mo, pp. 290. Gilt top, uncut. Cassell Pub- 
lishing Co. $2.00. 

Dreams of the Sea. Selected and arranged by Lula MJie 
Walker. Illustrated in Monotint. Oblong. Boxed. Estes 
<& Lauriat. 

Sheridan's Ride. By T. Buchanon Read. Illustrated from 
Designs Especially Prepared for this Edition. 8vo. Oilt 
edges. Boxed. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2.00. 

GKx>d Thlners of "Life." Seventh Series. Illustrated. 
Oblong, pp. CA. F. A. Stokes Co. $2.00. 

The Vision of Sir Launfcd. By James Russell Lowell. Il- 
lustrated with Designs by E. H. Garrett. 16mo, pp. 48. 
Gilt top. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $l..")0. 

In and Out of Book and Journal. Selected and Arranged 
by A. Sydney Roberts, M.D. With 50 Illustrations. 12nio, 
pp. 104. Gilt top. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25. 

ART PUBLICATIONS. 

Little Folk Wide Awake. Water-color by Maud Hum- 
phrey. Size, 15 X 20 inches. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.00. 

Little Folk in Dream-land. WateiM^olor by Maud Hum- 
phrey. Size, 15 X 20 inches. F. A. Stokes Co. $1 .00. 

May Day. Watei^olor by J. Pauline Sunter. Size, 15 x 20 
inches. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.00. 

A Truant on the Beax;h. WateiM^olor by J. Pauline Sun- 
ter. Size, 15 X 20 inches. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.00. 

HISTORY. 

Narrative and Critical History of America. Edited by 
Justin Winsor. Vol. VIII., The Later History of British, 
Spanish, and Portuguese America. Illustrated. Ijasfi^ 
8yo, pp. 604. (Subscription.) Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 

History of the United States of America during the 
First Administration of James Madison. In2yolB. 12mo. 
Charles Scribner's Sons. $4.00. 

Holland and Its People. By Edmondo de Amicis, author 
of "Constantinople." Translated from the Italian by 
Caroline Tilton. Ulustnited. Vandyke Edition. 8vo, 
pp. 484. Gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.25. 

The Story of Scotland: From the Earliest Times to the 
Present Century. By John Mackintosh, LL.l)., author 
of '* History of Civilization in Scotland.*' With Frontis- 
piece. 12mo, pp. 33i}. Putnam's "'Story of the Nations.-' 
$1.50. 

A Short History of Anglo-Saxon Freedom : The Polity 
of the English-Speaking Rtice. By James K. Hosmer, 
author of '*Life of Samuel Adams." 12mo, pp. 420. 
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.(K). 

The Two Lost Centuries of Britain. By William H. 
Babcock. Ifmio, pp. 239. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25. 

BIOGRAPHY. 
Dictionary of National Biogrraphy. Edited by Leslie 

Steven and Sidney Lee. Vol. XXIV., Hailes— Harriott. 

Large 8vo, pp. 445. Gilt top, uncut. Macmillan & Co. 

$3.75. 
Henry M. Stanley : His Life, Tnivels, and Explorations. By 

Rey. H. W. little, autlior of '' Madagascar." 8yo, pp. 

456. Unout J. B. lippincott Co. &^. 

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Savonarola: His Life and Times. By William Clark, M.A., 
LL.D. 12mo, pp. a')2. Gilt top, uncut. A. C. McClur? 
&Co. 3l.fiO. 

Famous Bn^Ush Authors of the XlXth Century. By 
Mrs. Sarah E. Bolton, author of " Poor Boys Who Be- 
came Famous." With Portraits. 12mo,pp. 451. T.Y. 
Crovdl & Co. $l.r)0. 

Marie Louiae and the Decadence of the Empire. By Im- 
bert de Saint- Amand. Translated by Thomas Sergeant 
Perry. With Portraits. 12mo, pp. 320. Charles Scrib- 
ner'sSons. $1.25. 

Autobioeraphy of Anton Rubensteln, 1829-1889. 
Translated from the Russian by Aline Delano. With 
Portrait. 16mo, pp.171. Little, Brown <& Co. $1.00. 

Sir Charles Napier. By Col. Sir William F. Butler. 
With Portrait. 12mo, pp. 216. MacmiUan's ''Enfifliah 
Men of Action.*' 60 cents. 

BiBixiarc]c in Private Life. By a Fellow Student. Trans- 
lated by Henry Hayward. With Portraits. 16mo, pp. 
286. Paper. Appletons' " Town and County Library." 
50 cents. 

Ufe of Hawthorne. By Moncare D. Conway. 12mo, pp. 
228. Uncut. A. Lovell & Co. 40 cents. 

ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL STUDIES. 

Boonomic and Social History of New Engrland. 1620 
-1789. By William B. Weeden. In two vols. 8yo. 
Gilt top. Houfirhton, Mi£Bin <& Co. $4.50. 

Principles of Economics. By Alfred Marshall. Vol. I. 
8yo, pp. 754. Uncut. MacmiUan <& Co. $4.00. 

The Unwritten Constitution of the United States : 
A Philosophical Inquiry into the Fundamentals of 
American Constitutional Law. By Christopher G. Tiede- 
man, A.M., LL.B. 16mo, pp. 165. G. P. Putnam^s 
Sods. $1.00. 

Tbe Veto Power : Its Origin, Development, and Function 
in the Goyemment of the United states. By Edward 
Campbell Mason, A.B. 8vo. pp. 232. Paper. ''Har- 
vard Historical Monographs," Ginn <& Co. $1.10. 

History of the New York Property Tax. By John 
Christopher Schwab, A.M., Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 108. Paper. 
Am. Economic Association. $1.00. 

Our Government : How It Grew, What It Does, and How 
It Does It. By Jesse Macy, A.M. Revised Edition. 
16mo, pp. 296. GHnn & Co. 85 cents. 

LITERARY MISCELLANY. 

Studies in Letters and Ufe. By George Edward Wood- 
berry. 12mo, pp. 296. Gilt top. Houghton, MiiBin & 
Co. $1.25. 

Bducation and the Hifirher Life. By J. L. Spaldinsr, 
Bishop of Peoria. 12mo, pp. 210. A. C. McCluisr & 
Co. $1.00. 

By Leafy Ways : Brief Studies from the Book of Nature. 
By Francis A. Knigrht. Illustrated. Fourth Edition. 
16mo, pp. 197. Roberts Brothers. $1.50. 

Makinsr the Best of Things, and Other Essays: Idle 
Musings. By E. Conder Gray, aathor of " Wise Words 
and Loving Deeds.'' 12mo, pp. 316. Uncut. G. P. Put- 
nam's Sons. $1.25. 

The Art of Play writin«r : Being a Practical Treatise on 
the Elements of Dramatic Construction. Bv Alfred 
Hennequin, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 187. Houghton, Mifflin & 
Co. $1.25. 

The Morals and Manners of the Seventeenth Cen- 
tury : Being the Characters of La Bruy^re. Trans- 
lated by Helen Stott. With Frontispiece Portrait. 16mo, 
pp.307. A. C. McQurg & Co. 75 cents. 

I.<andTnarkB of Homeric Study : Together with an Es- 
say ou the Points of Contact between Uie Assyrian Tab- 
lets and the Homeric Text. By the Rt. Hon. W. E. 
Gladstone. 12mo, pp. 160. Macmillan <& Co. 75 cents. 

Biisoellaneous Wrltlncrs of Julia M. Thomas, founder of 
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SHAKESPEARE'S ROMEO AND JULIET. 

Illustrated in the highest class of Chromo Printing, after original drawings by LuDOVic Mar- 

CHETTi, Lucius Rossi, and Oreste Cortazzo, and printed at the Fine Art Works of 

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LIST OF COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS. 

(In sixteen separate printings.) 
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1 . Title-page, representing full-length figures of Romeo and (>. Romeo and Juliet taking leave, by Cortazzo. 

Juliet, by Marchetti. 7. The balcony scene, by Cortazzo. 

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4. The Nurse, Romeo. Beuvolio, andMercntio, a street scene, 10. Juliet wailing over the body of Romeo, by Marchetti. 

by l^Iarchetti. { 11. Apotheosis, by Rossi. 

.*). Fighting scene, Romeo, Tybalt, Benvolio, by Marchetti. 12. Allegory, by Cortazzo. 

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14. Lady Capulet, Juliet, and the Nurse, by C'ortazzo. 20. Capulet threatening Juliet, by Cortazzo. 

15. Romeo in the garden of Capulet, by Marchetti. ' 21. Juliet taking the draught, by Cortazzo. 
ir>. .Juliet on the balcony, by Cortazzo. 22. Romeo and the Apothecary. 

17. Niu'se and Juliet in the garden, by Cortazzo. i 

With twelve Wood Kugravings of Vignettes and Headings. 

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colors. Size, 7.'Mx(>l-2. 75 cents. 11x15. Boxed, ."i>7.50. 

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THE INTRUDER. SCHOOL IN. 

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RIGHT OR LEFT? 
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esterbrook's 

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WEBSTER'S 

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^CHICAGO, DECEMBER, 1890. ^^^'SlFRANasTsRowNE. 



HARPER'S MAGAZINE. 

CHRISTMAS U^UMBER. 

PROMINENT among the attractions offered in 
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tions of Shakespeare's comedy, " tAs You 
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Lang, and including a frontispiece, printed in tints, 
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{Mansion" in London. "Japanese Women" is 
the title of an interesting article written by Pierre 
LoTi, and illustrated from paintings by H. Hum- 
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'' The Winter of Our Content" continues his se- 
ries of illustrated papers on Southern California. 
The article is accompanied by numerous illustra- 
tions from photographs and from drawings by the 
foremost artists. The Bction of the number includes 
"c/? Christmas Present" by Paul Heyse, illus- 
trated by C. S. Reinhart; " Flute and Violin" 
an old Kentucky story by James Lane Allen, with 
twenty illustrations by Howard Pyle ; " P'laskis 
Tunaments" by Thos. Nelson Page, illustrated 
by J. W. Alexander; " Gibble Coifs T>ucks" 
by Richard Malcolm Johnston, illustrated by 
A. B. Frost ; "Jim's Little Woman," by Sarah 
Orne Jewett; and "^ Speakin' Ghost," by 
Annie Trumbull Slosson. The Editorial De- 
partments, too, have a distinctive holiday flavor. 
George William Curtis discourses upon the 
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T). ^PPLETON AND COMPANY'S 

HOLIDAY LIST OF NEW BOOKS. 



Messw. D, APPLETON AND COMPANY have the pleasure of annonncing 

WIDOW GUTHRIE: A Novel. 

By Richard Malcolm Johnston. Illustrated by E. W. Kemble. 12mo. Bound in cloth, $1.50. 
« It is understood that Colonel Johnston regards < Widow GtUhrie * (w his strongest work" 
In this charming picture of life in the Georgia of sixty years ago, Colonel Johnston shows a mastery of 
effects and a power of character-drawing which will surprise even his admirers. No other writer has an equal 
knowledge of the phases of American life which he delineates with such fidelity, force, and delightful humor. 

FICTION SERIES FOR YOUNG READERS. 

A SERIES OF STORIES ELABORATELY ILLUSTRATED, WHICH INCLUDES: 



Crowded Out d Crofield. 

By William O. Stoddard. Illustrated by C. T. 
Hill. How a plucky country boy made his 
way. One of the most successful of this popular 
author's stories. 

King Tom and the T^naways. 

By Louis Pendleton. Illustrated by E. W. Kem- 
ble. The strange experiences of two boys in the 
forests and swamps of Georgia. 



The Log School-House on the 
Columbia. 

A Tale of the Pioneers of the Great Northwest 
By Hezekiah Butterworth, author of " Zig^ 
Zag Journeys." Illustrated. 
In a story romantic, exciting, and instructive as 
well, the author introduces his readers to a new 
field, which will prove to be one of absorbing in- 
terest. 



Also stories by Octave Thanet, Richard Malcolm Johnston, and other well-known authors, which 

will be published shortly. 
The series, bound in cloth, with specially designed uniform cover. Per volume, $1.50. 

First Volume in the Series of "The Young Heroes of Our U^avy": 
LITTLE JARVIS. 

By Molly Elliot Seawell. Illustrated by J. O. Davidson and George Wharton Edwards. 
The story of the heroic midshipman of the frigate Constellation, The second of the Y&utKs Com- 
panion prize essays. Bound in cloth, with specially designed cover. 8vo, $1.00. 



The Life of an d/Jrtist. 

A Charming Autobiography. By Jules Breton. 

Translated by Mrs. Mary J. Serrano. With 

Portrait. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. 

« The Life of an Artist " is a work of much personal 
charm and interest, written with an entire absence of 
reserve. It contains recollections of the Barbizon paint- 
ers and others of world-wide reputation. 

Through 3fagic Glasses. 

By Arabella B. Buckley, author of " The Fairy- 
Land of Science," etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. 



Outings at Odd' Times. 

By Dr. Charles C. Abbott, author of " Days Out 
of Doors " and '^ A Naturalist's Rambles about 
Home." 16mo, doth, gilt top, $1.25. 
Dr. Abbott's delightful studies in Natural Histoiy 

have become familiar to many readers, and his new 

volume is suggestive, instructive, and always inter^ 

esting. 

A Social ^Departure : 

How Orthodocla and I went rmind the World by 
Ourselves. By Sara Jeanette Duncan. With 
111 illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $1.75. 



The Household History of the United States 

AND ITS PEOPLE. For Young Americans. By Edward Eggleston. Richly illustrated with 
350 Drawings, 75 Maps, etc. Square 8vo, cloth, $2.50. 



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T>. <>/IPPLETON AND COMPANY'S 

Selection of Books for Holiday Presents. 



TWO NOTABLE BOOKS OF TRAVEL BY FRANK VINCENT, 

Author of " The Land of the White Elephant ": 

Around and About South America 

Twenty Months of Quest and Query. 



With Maps, Plane, and 54 f ull-pag^ Illiutrationg. 
8vo, cloth, $6.00. 



In and Out of Central <tAmerica ; 

And Other Sketches and Studies of I'ravel. 

12nio, 



With numerons Maps and lUustrations. 
cloth, $2.00. 



A Naturalists voyage Around the world. 

Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries visited during the Voyage 
round the World of H. M. S. " Beagle:' By Charles Darwin. New UluBtrated Edition. With 
Maps and 100 Views of the places visited and described, chiefly from sketches taken on the spot by 
Robert Taylor Pritchett. One volume, 8vo, cloth, $5.00. 



The [Music Series. 

Consisting of Biographical and Anecdotical Sketches 
of The Great German Composers; The Great 
Italian and French Composers ; Great Singers ; 
Great Violinists and Pianists. Five volames. 
18mo. Bound in half white and red sides, $3.50 
per set ; half calf, $8.00. 

The Life and IVords of Christ 

By Cunningham Geikie, D.D. Illustrated. Two 
volumes. Cloth, $6.00 ; half calf, $13.00 ; full 
morocco, $18.00. 

^ew Edition of English Odes. 

Selected by Edmund W. Gosse, with Frontispiece 
on India paper from a design by Hamo Thorny- 
croft, A.R.A. Forty-two head and tail pieces 
from origrinal drawings by Louis Rhead. 16mo. 
Cloth, special design in gold, $1.50 ; same in 
parchment, $1.75. 

zh(ew Edition of English Lyrics. 

Uniform with " English Odes." With nearly 80 
head and tail pieces from original drawings by 
Louis Rhead. 16mo. Cloth, special design in 
gold, $1.50 ; same, in parchment, $1.75. 



Fifty Terfed; Toems. 

A Collection of Fifty Acknowledged Masterpieces, 
by English and American Poets, selected and 
arranged by Charles A. Dana and Rossiter 
Johnson. 72 Illustrations, printed on Japanese 
silk paper. Large 8vo. Bound in silk, $10.00. 

Leckys History of England 

In the Eighteenth Century. Complete in eight 
volumes, covering the history of England in the 
Eighteenth Century. The last two volumes have 
just been published. Crown 8vo. Cloth, per 
vol., $2.25 ; half calf, $36.00 per set. 

"Bancroft* s History of the United States 

From the Discovery of the Continent to the Es- 
tablishment of the Constitution, in 1789. By 
George Bancroft. Complete in six vols. 8vo. 
Cloth, uncut, gilt top, per set, $15.00 ; half calf 
or half morocco, $27.00 ; full morocco, $50.00. 

History of the People of the United States 

From the Revolution to the Civil War. By John 
Bach McMaster. To be completed in five 
volumes. Vols. I. and II. are now ready, and 
Vol. III. will be published this winter. 8vo. 
Cloth, gilt top. Per vol., $2.50. 



THE Ice Age in north America, 

And Us Bearings upon the Antiquity of Man. By Prof. G. Frederick Wright, Assistant on the 
United States Geological Survey. With an Appendix on *< The Probable Cause of Glaciation," by 
Warren Upham. With 147 Maps and Illustrations. One volume, 8vo, cloth, $5.00. 



D. APPLETON & CO., Publishers, 1, 8, & 5 Bond Street, New York. 

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THOMAS V^ELSON & SONS' 

CHOICE HOLIDAY GIFT BOOKS. 



The Marvellous " FINGER NEW TESTAMENT." 

The Greatest Novelty ever made in Testaments. 
This wonderful specimen of printing and binding exhibits the properties of the famous « Oxford India 
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in a type which, though necessarily minute, is yet clear, distinct, and perfectly legible. 

Five .styles, at prices from Eighty-five Cents to Three Dollars. 



A New Edition. 

DARWIN'S JOURNAL. Journal of Researches into 
the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited 
during the Voyage ofH. M. 8, ''Beagle" Round the Worlds 
under the command of Captain Fitz Roy^ R.N, By CHARiiES 
Dabwik, M.A., F.K.S. Profusely illustrated. 12mo, cloth 
extra, $2.00. 
** The most deliprhtful of all Mr. Darwin's works. . . . 

In many respects it exhibits Darwin at his best. . . . We 

have Darwin here before he was a Darwinian." — T^ Dukb 

OP Aboyll in The Nineteenth Century, 

New and Cheaper Edition. 
THE SEA AND ITS WONDERS. A companion 
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THE FAVORITE BOOK OF FABLES. Contain- 
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NEW HAND-MAP OF CENTRAL AFRICA. Show- 
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A Book fob the Times. 
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THE LAND WHERE JESUS CHRIST LIVED. A Tale 
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FOLLOW THE RIGHT. A Tale for Boys. By G. E. 
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JACK AND HIS OSTRICH. An African Story. By 
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DOROTHY ARDEN. A Story of England and France 200 
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SMITTEN AND SLAIN. A Nineteenth Century Romance 
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Genuine "OXFORD" Teachers' Bibles. 

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Little, Brown, & Company's New Books 



ANOTHER FLOCK OF GIRLS. 

By Nora Perry, author of « The Youngest Miss Lorton," " A Flock of Girls and Their Friends," etc. With 
illustrations by Reginald B. Birch and Charles Copeland. Small 4to, cloth extra, $1.75. 

Miss Perry's new volnme of girls* stories inclndes '^May Bartlett's Stepmother," ** Ja-Ja*s Christmas Party,'* *'A New 
Tear's Cidl," "'Jenny's Lark," and "" Sally Grreen's Clambake Party." It is likely to be as great a favorite with yonng people 
as her earlier " Flock of Oirls." 

** Miss Nora Perry, alwavs a charming writer, is never more delightful than when writing about girk, with whom she is 
always in hearty sympathy.'— Bo«f on Daily Advertiser, 

RUBINSTEIN'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 

Autobiography of Anton Rubinstein, 1829-1889. Translated by Aline Delano. With photograyiire Portrait. 

16mo, cloth, gilt top. Price, $1.00. 
Dictated by the famous musician in Russia last year, and now first translated. 



^ITH FIRE AND SPVORD. 

An Historical Novel of extraordinary interest and power, now first translated into English from the Polish of 
Henryk Siknkiewicz, by Jeremiah Curtin. Crown 8vo, cloth, 795 pages, 82.00. Also, a Library Edi- 
tion, printed on choice paper, with portrait of the author. 2 vols., 12mo, cloth, gilt top, $3.00. 

This brilliant historical romance is attracting the widest attention, and is universally praised. The character of Zagloba 
is one of the raciest and most remarkable in the whole range of fiction. As an illustration of die great variety and sc(mm of 
the author's genius it may be mentioned that he has already been compared by American critics to Dumas, Walter soott, 
Schiller, Cervantes, and Shakespeare. A work which compels such comparisons is unquestionably a remarkable one, and a 
perusal of the story amply justines the praise which has thus far been lavished upon it. 



THE mUND MUSICIAN. 

Translated from the Russian of Vladimir Korolenko, by Aline Delano. With Introduction by George 
Kennan, and illustrations by Edmund H. Garrett. 16mo, cloth, gilt top, 81.25. 

This charming little volume receives many tributes. The New York Sun says : " It is a marvel of typographical excel- 
lence, and the storv is worthv of its setting." The Boeton Transcript terms it ** a wonderfully faithful and delicate study in 
psychology," and describes the setting as ''this unique and exquisite little book." The Saturday Evening Gazette refers to 



it as '' a touching and truthful story.^ 

A NEW DUMAS SERIES. 
THE OAARIE ANTOINETTE %OMANCES. 

ooMPBisnro 
THE MEMOIRS OP A PHYSICIAN. 3 voU., $4.50. 
THE QUEEN'S NECKLACE. 2 vols., $3.00. 
ANGE PITOU. 2 voU., $3.00. 
LA COMTESSE DE CHARNY. 4 vols., $6.00. 
CHEVALIER DE MAISON ROUGE. 1 vol., $1.50. 

In all, 12 vols., 12mo, doth extra, gilt top, with 12 histori- 
oal portraits and plates, $18.00. 

This may fairly be cUumed to be one of the most important 
as well as most entertaining series of the famous romances of 
the elder Dumas. The successive works trace Marie Antoi- 
nette's career through the last days of the reign of Louis XV., 
and throughout the French Revolution, cloeinfl: with her death. 
The chamcters introduced are the most celebrated men and 
women of the time. 

In the same style: 

THE D'ARTAGNAN ROMANCES (Period of Louis XIII. 
and Louis XIV.), comprising the "Three Musketeers," 2 
vols.; "Twenty Years After," 2 vols.; and "Vicomtede 
Bragelonne," (3 vols. In all, 10 volumes, 12mo, cloth, with 
etched portrait of Dumas, and 10 historical portraits, $15. 

MONTE CRISTO. 4 vols., 12mo, cloth, with 8 phrtes, $6.00. 

THE VALOiS ROMANCES (Period of Charles IX. and 
Henry III.) comprising " Marguerite de Valois," 2 vols.; 
" La Dame de Monserean," 2 wis.; and '* The Forty-Kve," 
2 vols. In all, 6 vols., 12mo, doth, with historical por- 
traits, $9.00. 



HIGGINSON'S EPICTETUS. 

The Discourses, Enchiridion, and Fragments of Epicte- 
tus. Translated by Thomas Wentworth HxaancsoN. 
New and Revised Edition, uniform with the new Ldbrair 
Edition of " The Thoughts of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. 
2 vols., 12mo, cloth, gilt top, $2.50. 

MYTHS AND FOLK TALES OF THE RUSSIANS, 
WESTERN SLAVS, AND MAGYARS. By Jeremiah 
Curtin. Crown 8vo, doth, $2.00. 

MYTHS AND POLK LORE OF IRELAND. By Jkrb- 
MiAH Curtin. With etched frontispieoe. Crown 8vo, 
cloth, gUt top, $2.00. 

JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY. A Sketch of the Pro- 
gress of Thought from Old Testament to New Testament. 
By Crawford Howell Toy, Professor in Harvard Uni- 
versity. 8vo, cloth, $3.00. 

FLORIDA DAYS. By Margaret Deland. author of 
*' John Ward, Preacher." A beautiful Holiday volume, 
with 65 illustrations from sketches in St. Augustine aaa 
other parts of Florida, made expressly for the work by 
Louis K. Harlow, including 4 colored plates and 2 etch- 
ings. 8vo, cloth extra, beautiful deoorated cover, $4.00. 

CHESS FOR BEGINNERS AND THE BEGINNINGS 
OF CHESS. By R. B. Swinton. With iUustrations and 
diagrams. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. 

THE INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER UPON HISTORY. 

1660-1783. By Captain A. T. Mahan, U. S. Navy. 8vo, 

cloth, $4.00. 
THE BEGUM'S DAUGHTER. By Edwin L. Btnnbb. 

Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. 



LITTLE, BROWN, & CO., Publishers, 254 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 

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Porter and Coates's New Books. 

Three of the H/iNDSOMEST GiFT-'BOOKS of the Year. 



PORTER & COATES'S FLORENTINE EDITION OF 

ROMOLA. 

By GEORGE ELIOT. From entirely new plates. Beautifully illustrated with sixty photogravures of 
views in Florence, sculpture, paintings, etc., with a portrait of George Eliot. In two volumes, small 
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top, $12.00. 
The large-paper edition of « Romola " is all sold, the publishers having received orders for the entire edition 

before publication. 

GRACE AND PHILIP WHARTON'S WORKS : 



Queens of Society. 



By Grace and Philip Wharton. New Library Edition. Beautifully illustrated with eighteen pho- 
togravures. Tastefully bound in two volumes, doth extra, $5.00 ; half calf, gilt top, $8.00. 
These entertaining volumes present a gossiping biography of several of the celebrated women who have held 
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Lady Caroline Lamb, Miss Landon (the unfortunate L. E. L.), Madame de StaSl, Madame Roland, Madame 
R^camier, and others, both of England and France. 

Wits and Beaux of Society. 

By Grace and Philip Wharton. New Library Edition. Beautifully illustrated with twenty photo- 
gravures. Tastefully bound in two volumes. Small 8vo, cloth extra, $5.00 ; half calf, gilt top, $8.00. 
This gossipy and pleasant book g^ves sketches of such men as George Villiers, the second Duke of Bucking- 
ham, with numerous anecdotes of his adventiu^s ; the celebrated Grammont and Rochester, wherein the authors 
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The authors have a happy faculty of making their sketches light and pleasant, interspersing history and anecdote, 
personalities and public events, so that the book is much knore interesting than a novel, and much better worth 
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Large-paper edition of *' Wits and Beaux " and '* Queens," limited to 250 copies, in sets of 4 volumes, 
$20.00. Printed from entirely new plates, on paper made expressly for this book. Illustrated on 
India paper, mounted. 

NEW AND POPULAR BOOKS FOR BOYS. 



%ODNEY THE PARTISAN. 

^y Harry Castlemon. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, blue, 
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STRUGGLING UPIVARD. 
By Horatio Alger, Jr. Illustrated, 16mo, cloth e:> 
tra, black and gold, $1.25. 



THE CABIN IN THE CLEARING. 

By Edward S. Ellis. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth extra, red and gold, $1.25. 



PORTER & COATES, Publishers, - - Philadelphia, Pa. 

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[Dec., 



Dodd, Mead & Company's Publications 

FOR THE HOLIDAY SEASON OF 1890. 



HALEVY. 

A MARRIAGE FOR LOVE. 

By LuDOVic Halevy, author of " The Abb^ Constan- 
tin," etc. An Edition de luxe, with 23 full-page illnstra- 
tiong, by WiusoN de Meza. Uniform in size with the quarto 
edition of *' The Abb^ Gonstantin.'* In silk portfolio, $10. 
This oharminfl: story, riyallinsr '*The Abb^ Constantin" in 

its delicacy and parity, will, like it, be noted for the beanty 

and finish of its dlustrations. 

FERGUSSON. 

HI8T0R Y of MODERN ARCHITECTURE 
By James Ferousson, D.C.L., F.R.S., M.R.A.S., etc. 
Thoroughly revised and brought down to the present time 
by Robert Kerr, Professor of Architecture at King^s Col- 
lege, London, with many new illustrations added. 2 toIs., 
octavo, price announced later. 

This work is produced jointly by John Murray of London 
and ourselves. A supplementary volume devoted entirely to 
Modem Architecture m America, by Montgomery Schuyler, 
Esq., will appear in 1891. 

DOBSON. 

MEMOIR OF HORACE W ALP OLE. 

By Austin Dobson. A limited edition de luxe, printed 
at the De Vinne Press from t^rpe, on hand-made linen and 
Japan paper, and illustrated with 11 etchings by Percy Mo- 
BAK, by plates, etc. 
This volume is not a reprint, but has been written especially 

for us, and we are its sole owners. Large octavo. 
425 copies on Dickinson's hand-made paper. $15.00. 
50 copies on Japan paper. $20.00. 
4 copies on veUum. Prices on application. 
These 479 copies embrace all that will be printed of this 

edition for both the United States and England. 

THE SUN DIAL. 
A Poem by Austin Dobson. Illustrated with many 
designs reproduced in photogravure, and with drawings in 
pen-and-ink, bv Geo. Wharton Edwards, and bound in unique 
xashion. Small quarto, $7.50. 
An Edition de luxe on Japan pi^wr, limited to 50 copies, $20. 

1^0 UH FRENCHWOMEN. 

By Austin Dobson. This volume embraces sketches 
of Mademoiselle De Cobpay, Madame Roiand, Madame* 
Ds Genlis, and the Princess De Lamballe. With a por- 
trait of Mademoiselle De Gobday, etched bv Thomas John- 
son. 12mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.25. In the Giunta Series, 

SGHOULER. 

A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES 

UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. 
By James Schouler. 4 vols., octavo, cloth, $9.00. 

LANDOR. 

The Citation and examination 
OF WILLIAM Shakespeare, 

touching deer stealing. By Walter 
Sayaoe Landor. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. In the Giunta Series, 

HOCHSCmLD. 

DESIREE^ Queen of Sweden and Norway. 
From the French of Baron Hochschild. hj Mrs. 
M. Carey. 16mo, cloth, $1.25. 



SAND. 

The GALLANT LORDS of BOIS DOREE 

By George Sand. Translated from the French by 

Steven Cloyis. 2 vols., 12mo, doth, uniform with " Con- 

suelo.*' $3.00. 

In ''The Gallant Lords of Bois Dor^e" George Sand has 

E'ven a deliriitful picture of the manners, ideas, and mode of 
Pe of the ^«nch nobility resident upon their estates in the 
first half of the 17th century. The political, social, and do- 
mestic relations of the times are so interwoven with the story 
of thrilling personal adventure that the tale commands the 
unbroken mterest of the historical stndent as well as the lover 
of romance and combat. 

THE HAUNTED POOL. 

(La Mare au Diahle.) From the French of George 
Sand, by Frank Hunter Potter. Illustrated with 14 
etchings by Rudaux. Quarto, beautifully bound, $5.00. 
No greater contrast can be imagined than between " Con- 

suelo" and ''The Haunted Pom." Abandoning the bn 



haunts of men, with their strife and intrigues, George I 
here gives us a rustic picture. It is a simple tale of peasant 
life and love, told witn a tender sympathy. 

VAN RENSSELAER. 

THE DEVIVS PICTURE BOOKS. 

A History of Playing Cards. By Mrs. John King 
VAN Rensselaer. Octavo, with 16 fuU-page plates in col- 
ors, and numerous illustrations in black and white. $5.00. 

SUMNER. 

ALEXANDER HAMILTON 

(1757-1804), Statesman, Fbmncier, Secretary of the 
Treasury. By Professor WiLLiAX G. Sumner, of Yale 
Univenity. 12mo, cloth, 75 cents. In the series Makers (^ 
America, 

BROWNE. 

GEORGE and CECILIUS CALVERT 
Barons Baltimore of Baltimore (1580-1676), and 
the Founding of the Maryland Colony. By William Hand 
Browne, editor of " The Archives of Maryland.'' With 
portrait of Cecilius Calvert. 12mo, cloth, 75 cents. In the 
series Makers <if America. 

BRUCE. 

JAMES EDWARD OGLETHORPE 

(1687-1785,) and the Founding of the Greorgia Colony. 
By Henry Bruce. 12mo, doth, 75 cents. In the series 
Makers cf America, 

MEAD. 

OUR MOTHER TONGUE. 

By Theodore H. Mead. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. 
" Our Mother Ton^e " is written with a view to enabling 
the reader, without the aid of any other instruction, to oozrect 
any defects and imperfections that may exist in his manner 
of speaking our common language. These defects are found, 
in the first place, in the quality of the voice itself, then in our 
manner of urin^ the voice, then in modulation, in articulatian 
and pivnunciation. All these points are treated in a thor- 
oughly practical manner. 

MABIE. 

Mr STUDY EIRE. 
A Volume of Essays by Hamilton Wright Mabie, 
editor of "The Christian Union," author of "Norse Stories 
Retold from the Eddas.'' 12mo, boaids, $1.25. 



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DANA. 

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC ACTION. 

With Maps, Plates, and many Illustrations. By James 

D. Dana, ProfesBor at Yale College. Octavo, cloth, $5.00. 

CORALS AND CORAL ISLANDS. 
A New Edition, greatly enlarged. By James D. Dana, 
Profeasor at Tale College. Octavo, cloth, illiutrated, $5.00. 

THOMSON. 

MUNGO PARK AND THE NIGER. 

By Joseph Thomson, author of « Through Masai- 
Land." 12mo, doth, with numerous maps and iUustra- 
tions, $1.25. 

HOSIE. 

THREE YEARS IN WESTERN CHINA. 

By Alexander Hosie. Octavo, cloth, illus., $5.00. 

STOCKTON. 

ARDIS CLAVERDEN. 

A Novel. By Frank R. Stockton, author of « Rud- 
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Syndicate," "The Stories of the Three Burglars," etc. 
12mo, cloth, $1.50. 

This novel is the longest and most important of the author's 
works. It is thoroughly American, the scenes beinjp partly in 
the South and parUy m New York ; but there is mtroduced 
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used in fiction. 

THE GREAT WAR SYNDICATE. 

By Frank R. Stockton, author of " Rudder Grange," 
etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.00 ; paper, 50 cents. 

STORIES OF THE THREE BURGLARS. 
By Frank R. Stockton, author of * Rudder Grange," 
etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.00 ; paper, 50 cents. 

BARR. 

THE HOUSEHOLD OF MCNEIL. 

A Story of the Scotch Highlands. By Amelia E. 
Babr, author of " A Daughter of Pyfe," **A Border Shep- 
herdess," '' The Squire of Sandal Side," etc. 12mo, cloth, 
$1.25. 

FRIEND OLIVIA. 

By AMELL4 E. Barr, author of « Jan Vedder's Wife," 
'' The Bow of Orange Ribbon," etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. 
A Story of the time of George Fox and the days of the Pro- 
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KRASZEWSKL 

THE JEW. 
A Novel. By Joseph Ionatius Kraszewski. Trans- 
lated from the Polish by Linda de Kowalewska. 12mo, 
cloth, $1.50. 

" The Jew " is a plea for Judaism in its higher spiritual 
and moral aspects. It is at the same time a remarkaole pic- 
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highest, from die almost mediievaUy orthodox to the modem 
materialistic mercantile Jew. The story is laid amid the last 
uprising of the Poles in the time of Napoleon HI. 

FINLEY. 

ELSIE YACHTING. 

A new volume in the "Elsie Series." By Martha 
FiNLET. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. 



BANDELIER. 

THE DELIGHT MAKERS. 
A Novel of Pueblo Indian l^ife. By Adolf F. Ban- 

dsuer. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. 
^ Of this novel, Dr. Francis Parkman writes: "Mr. Bando- 
lier, whom I have known many vears from his connection 
with the American Institute of Arehteolo^, is one of the 
leading ethnologists and arelueologiBts on this continent. In 
some oepartments, indeed, he has no equal. Aside from lit- 
erary qualities, his novel, which I have carefully read, has a 
great scientific value, being by far the best picture of life in 
the Pueblos of New Mexico that has ever been made public* 

STRETTON. 

THE DOCTOR'S DILEMMA. 

A Novel. By Hesba Stretton. 12mo, cloth, ^1.00. 

At the same time, a New EDrrioN of Hesba Stbetton'b 
Stories, in new bindings. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. 

READE. 

PEG WOFFINGTON. 
A Novel. By Charles Reade. With an etched 

?ortrait by Thomas Johnson. 12mo, doth, gilt top, $1.25. 
n the Giunta Series. 

CHRISTIE JOHNSTONE. 

A Novel. By Charles Reade. With a frontispiece 
in photogravure by Wilson de Meza. 12mo, cloth, gilt 
top, $1.25. In the Giunta Series. 

ALLEN. 

MISS EATON'S ROMANCE. 
A Novel. By Richard Allen. 12mo, cloth, 81.00 ;. 
paper, 50 cents. 

ABBOT. 

BATTLEFIELDS and CAMP FIRES. 

Being a sequel to " Battlefields of '61," and carrying 
forward the story of the War for the Union. Bv Wiixia 
J. Abbot, author of '* The Blue Jackets of '61, of 1812, of 
'76." Quarto, with many original illustrations by W. C. 
Jackson. Cloth, $3.00. 

MOOREHEAD. 

WANNETA THE SIOUX. 

By Warren K. Moorehead, of the Smithsonian In- 
stitution. A story of Indian life by one who has lived in 
the tepees of the Sioux Nation, and writes from peisonak 
knowledge. With many illustrations of Indian life. Oc- 
tavo, cloth, $2.00. 

GOOCH. 

MISS MORDECK'S FATHER. 

ANoveL By Fani PusEY Gooch. 12ino, cloth, $1.00;. 
paper, 50 cents. 

STAHL. 

MAROUSSIA. 

A Maid of Ukraine. From the French of P. J. Stahl,. 
by Cornelia W. Cyb. With 10 illustrations. A most de- 
lightful story, crowned by the French Academy. 12mo,. 
ck>th, $1.00. 

INGERSOLL. 

THE SIL VER CA VES. 
By Ernest Inoersoll. A Mining Story. With illus- 
trations. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. 



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THE SONG OF HUIVATHA. 

By Hekry Wadsworth Lokgfellow. Illustrated with twenty-two full-page Photogravures, and about four 
hundred text Illustrations of Indians, Indian Costumes, Implements, Arms, etc., by Frederic Remikoton. 
With a Steel Portrait. Bound in full buckskin from designs by Mrs. Henry Whitman. 8vo, $6.00. 



THE LIFE OF T>OROTHE/f LYNDE T>1X. 

By Francis Tiffany. With a fine Steel Portrait. $1.50. 
" From her papers and the letters written by her and preseryed by the recipients, Mr. Tiffany has constructed what, in 
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derful career ; and many will lay down this well-written and sympathetic biography, agreeing with the condusioii of one of 
her friends, who, in communicating her death, declared Dorothea Lynde Dix the * most useful and digtingnished woman 
America has yet produced.' ^^—New York Tribune. 



nSION OF SIR LAUNFAL. 
By James Russell Lowell. An entirely New Edi- 
tion. With Photogravure Illustrations, including a 
Portrait of Mr. Lowell, and eight original Drawings 
by Edmund H. Garrett. Tastefully bound, $1.50. 

OUR OLD HOME. 
By Nathaniel Hawthorne. Holiday Edition. From 
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top, 34.00; half calf, $7.00; polished calf, 89.00. 

AMERICAN SONNETS. 
A Choice Selection by Thomas Wentworth Higoin- 
SON and Mrs. E. H. Bioelow. Tastefully bound, 
81.25. 

e/? FABLE FOR CRITICS. 
By James Russell Lowell. An entirely New Edi- 
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by Joseph Linden Smith. Crown 8vo, 81.00. 



SIDS^EY. 
A Novel of peculiar interest by Margaret Delakd, 
author of « John Waid, Preacher," and « The Old 
Garden, and Other Verses." 81.26. 

STRANGERS AND IVAYFARERS. 

A new book of charming New England stories, by 
Sarah Orne Jewett. 81.25. 

WALFORD. 
A New England novel, by Ellen Olney Kirk, author 
of « The Story of Margaret Kent," etc. 81.25. 

^SCUTNEY STREET. 

An engaging story, by Mrs. A. D. T. Whitnet, author 
of " Faith Gartney's Girlhood," etc. 81.50. 

COME FORTH. 
A Novel of the Time of Christ. By Elizabeth Stuart 
Phelps and Herbert D. Ward, authors of ^ The 
Master of the Magicians." 81.25. 



IVORKS OF JAMES %USSELL LOPVELL 

New and Complete Riverside Edition. Literary Essays, in four volumes; Political Essays, in one volume; Literary 
and Political Addresses, in one volume ; Poems, in four volumes. With one Etched and two Steel Portraits. 
Crown 8vo, gilt top, uniform with Riverside Editions of Longfellow's and Whittier's Works. 81.50 a vol- 
ume ; uncut, 81.50. The set, cloth, 815.00; half calf, 827.50; half levant, 840.00. 



OVER THE TEACUPS. 

A delightful new book, quite like the famous Breakfast- 
Table Series. By Oliver Wendell Holmes. 81.50. 

REPRESENTATIVE SONNETS 

BY AMERICAN AUTHORS. With an Essay on 
the Sonnet, its Nature and History, including many 
notable Sonnets of Other Literatures ; also, Biog^ph- 
ical Notes, Indexes, etc. By Charles H. C Ran- 
dall. 81.50. 



STORIES BY (MRS. IVIGGIN. 

Timothy's Quest, 81.00. The Story Hour, 81.00. A 
Summer in a Canon, 81.25. The Birds' Christmas 
Carol, 50 cents. The Story of Patsy, 60 cents. All 
but the first are illustrated. 

T>R. LE'BARRON AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 

A third Historical Novel of Plymouth Colony. By 
Jane G. Austin, author of "A Nameless Noble- 
and " Standish of Standish." 81.25. 



\* For sale by all Booksellers. Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, 

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STUDIES IN LETTERS AND LIFE. 
A notable Tolume of Essays by George £. Wood- 
berry, author of «The North Shore Watch, and 
Other Poems," and "Edgar Allan Poe." 16mo, SI .25. 

^ZTEC LAND. 

By Maturin M. Ballou, author of "Due West," 
"Due North," "Due South," "Under the Southern 
Cross,'' " The New Eldorado," etc. Each, SI. 50. 
An engaging book on Mexico. 

PIERO DA CASTIGLIONE. 

By Stuart Sterne, author of " Angelo," " Giorgio," 
and "Beyond the Shadow." 16mo, SI .00. 

ALFRED THE GREAT. 

By Thomas Hughes, author of " Tom Brown's School 

Days at Rugby," etc. Sl.OO. 

A delightful biography, and a notable chapter in 
English history. 



Lilliput Classics. 



Ten tasteful little volumes j paper covers, 25 cents each ; 
the set in a box, ^2.50, 
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Shakespeare's Sonkets. 

Gou>SMrrH's Deserted Village, and Traveller. 
Cabltle's Choice of Books. 
FouQUB^s Undine. 

Dr. Brown's Rab and His Friends. 
Whtttier's Tent on the Beach. 
Lowell's Vision or Sir Launfal. 
Hawthorne's Tales of the White Hills. 
Tennyson's Enoch Arden. 



Riverside Library for Young People 

Each volume 16 mo. 75 cents, 

1. The War of Independence. By John Fiske. With 

Maps. 

2. Georoe Washington. By Horace E. Scudder. Illus- 

trated. 

3. Birds Through an Opera-Glass. By Florence A. 

Merriam. Illustrated. 

4. Up and Down the Brooks. By Mary E. Bamford. 

Illastrated. 

5. Coal and Coal Mines. By Homer Greene. Illastrated. 

6. A New England Girlhood. By Lucy Larcom. 

7. Java : The Pearl of the East. By Mrs. S. J. Higginson. 

With a Blap. 
<8. Girls and Women. By E. Chester. 

" One of the most interesting and promising series of books 
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THE ct/lTL ANTIC CMONTHLY 

Fob 1891 will contain 

THE HOUSE OF OAARTHA. 
FRANK % STOCKTONS SERIAL. 

Contrihutions from 

T>R. HOLMES. (MR. LOWELL, AND 
(MR. WHITTIER. 

Some heretofore mipublished 

LETTERS BY CHARLES AND MARY 
LAMB. 

Mr. Percival Lowell will write a narrative of his 
adventures, under the title of 

d^OTO: An Unexplored Corner of Japan. 

The Capture of Louisbourg will be treated in 

A SERIES OF PAPERS BY FRANCIS 
PARKMAN. 

There will also be Short Stories and Sketches by 

%UDYARD KIPLING, 

Henry James, Sarah Orne Jewett, Octave 
Thanet and others. 

Untechnical Papers on Questions in 

[MODERN SCIENCE 

will be contributed by Professor Osborn of Princeton, 
and others. Topics in University, Secondary, and Pri- 
mary Education will be a feature. 

Mr. Richard Watson Gilder, Dr. Parsons, Mrs. 
Fields, Graham R. Tomson, and others will be among 
the contributors of Poetry. 



The Atlantic for 1891. 

TERMS : S4.00 a year in advance, postage free; 
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The November and December numbers sent free to new 
subscribers whose subscriptions for 1891 are received be- 
fore December 20. 

Postal notes and money are at the risk of the sender, 
and therefore remittances should be made by money- 
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Longmans, Green & Co/s New Books. 

A COMPANION TO "THE BLUE FAIRY BOOK." 

THE %ED FAIRY 'BOOK. 

£dited by Andrew Lang. With 100 Illustrations by H. J. Ford and Lancelot Speed. Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt, 

380 pages ; price, S2.00. 
Contents. — The Twelve Dancing Princesses.— The Princess Mayblossom. — Soria Moria Castle. — The Death of Koschei 
the Deathle88.--The Black Thief and Knight of the Glen.— The Master Thief .—Brother and Sister.- Princess Rosette.— The 
Enchanted Pig.— The Norka.— The Wonderful Birch.— Jack and the Beanstalk.— The Good Little Mouse.- (jraciosa and 
Percinet.— The Three Princesses of Wliiteland.— The Voice of Death. — The Six Sillies.- Kari Woodengown.— Drakestail.— 
The Ratcatcher.— The True History of Little Goldenhood.— The Golden Branch.— The Three Dwarfs.— Dapplegrim.— The 
Enchanted Canary.— The Twelve Brothers. — Rapunzel. — The Nettle Spinner.— Farmer Weatherbeard. — Mother HoUe.— 
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THE "BLUE FAIRY "BOOK. 

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** There could hardly be a better collection of fairy stories. Mr. Lang has picked from eveiy source, rewritten, con- 
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VOCES POPULI. Reprinted from " Punch." By F. 
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THE PHILOSOPHY OF FICTION. An Essay. By 
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*«* Most of the recent abundant discussion of the art of 
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^VHEN IV E IV ERE 'BOYS.— A ^avel. 

By William O'Brien, M.P. Third and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo, cloth, 556 pages, 81.00. 

" The book us a perfect storehouse of information about the real life and character of all classes of the Irish people. 
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LYRA CONSOLATIONIS from the Poets of the i THE LIFE OF LORD STRATFORD DE RED- 

Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Centuries. Se- | CLIFFE, K.G. By Stanley-Lank Poole. (Popular £di- 

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Fcp. 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $2.00. •♦♦The present edition is condensed from the Library 



The selection of verse in this volume is designed to com 
. fort mourners from the first hours of their bereavement, and 
is based on those clauses of the Apostles' Creed in which the 
church confesses her belief in her Lord's crucifixion, death, and 
burial : in His resuiTection, ascension, and coming again. Poets 
of the last three centuries have been laid under contribution. 



Edition, published in two ^volumes in 1888, chiefly bv the 
omission of the larger dispatches and memoranda. While 
nothing of general interest has been sacrificed, reference must 
be made to the larger work for such detailed explanations 
and authenticating references as are necessarily excluded 
from a volume of this scope. 



HISTORIC TOWNS. Edited by Edward A. Freeman, D.C.L., and Rev. William Hunt. New Volume. 

U^EIV YORK. By Theodore Roosevelt. With three Maps. Crown 8vo. $1.25. 
*«* Mr. Roosevelt has written a vigorous and pictures4^ue book about the founding and growth of the greatest city of 
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sight of the reasons for the city's supremacy. 

MRS. JAMESON'S SACRED AND LEGENDARY ART. 

NEW AND MUCH CHEAPER EDITIONS. 

THE HISTORY OF OUR LORD, as exemplified in LEGENDS OF THE MONASTIC ORDERS, as rep- 
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etchings and 2^i woodcuts. 2 vols., 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $S. | gilt top, $4.00. 

LEGENDS OF THE SAINTS AND MARTYRS, | LEGENDS OF THE MADONNA, as represented in 

as represented in the Fine Arts. By Mrs. Jameson. With Sacred and Legendary Christian Art. By Mrs. Jameson. 

19 etchings on copper and steel, and 187 woodcuts. 2 vols., With 27 etchings and Ifio woodcuts. 1 vol., 8vo, cloth, gilt 

8vo, cloth, gilt top, $8.00. I top, $4.00. 

*^* Messrs. Longmans, Green Sf Co. will be happy to send their new Catalogues to any address upon application. 

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MACMILLAN AND CO.'S NEW BOOKS. 



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TiOYAL EDINBURGH: 

HER SAINTS, KINGS, AND SCHOLARS. By Mrs. Oliphant. With numerons Ulustrations by George 
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GLIMPSES OF OLD ENGLISH HOMES. 

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JuLst FiMished. Sir Samuel W. Baker's New Book. Cloth extra, fj^ilt, ^3.50. 

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THE VICAR OF WAKEFIELD. By Oliver Gold- 
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C.B., LL.D. 1 vol., folio, levant morocco, gilt edges. 

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F. Marion Crawford* s New Novel. 12mo, doth 
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THE TALE OF TROY. Homer's Iliad translated 
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[Doc., 



BOOKS FOR THE HOLIDAYS. 

''''Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body,^^ — Steele. 



<^TTRACTiyE GIFT "BOOKS. 



OUR NEW ENGLAND. Her Natnn described by HamU- 
ton Wright Mabie, and some of her familiar scenes illus- 
trated. Fhotogrravnres from Nature, with Remarques by 
F. T. Merrill. Quarto, limp, with photograrure on Jap- 
anese paper, gilt edges ; price, $4.00 ; cloth, price, $5.00. 

THE HOUSE OF THE WOLFINGS. A tale of the Wolf- 
ings and All the Kindreds of the Mark. By William Mor- 
ris. 12mo, Oxford style. Price, $2.00. 

SHAKESPEARE'S WORKS. From the text of Rev. Alex- 
ander Dyce*8 second edition. 7 toIs. 16mo. Half Russia, 
gilt top. In a neat box. $9.00 the set ; doth, neat, $5.25. 

HER GREAT AMBITION: AStobt. By Anne Richard- 
son Earle. 16mo, cloth. Price, $1.00. 

LOUISA M. ALCOTT: Her Life, Letters, and Journal. 
Edited by Ednah D. Cheney, with portraits and views of the Alcott Home in Concord. 

uniform with " Little Women." Price, $1 .60. 



THE LIGHT OF ASIA. Dluatrated edition. By Sir Ed- 
win Arnold, M. A. HoHday editian. Sqaave 12iiio, with a 
new portrait. Price $1.50 ; fnll gilt, gilt edges, $2.00. 

MISS BROOKS. A Story of Boston. By Eliza Ome White, 
author of "A Browning Ckkurtship." 16mo, cloth, $1.00. 

NEWS FROM NOWHERE: or, Ak Epoch of Reot.^ Be- 
ing some chapten from a Katopian romance. By William 
Morris. 16mo, doth. Price, $1.00. 

BY LEAFY WAYS. IDYLS OF THE FIELD. Brief 
Studies in the Book of Nature. By F. A. Knight. Illns- 
trated by E. T. Compton. 12mo, cloth. Price, $l.i)0 each. 

NANON. By George Sand. Translated by Elizabeth 
Wormeley Latimer. 12mo, half Russia. Price, $1.50. 



One Yolnme, 16mo, 



ViONSENSE "BOOKS. 



Comprising << A Book of Nonsense Songs, Stories, Botany, and Alphabets," " More Nonsense Pictures, Rhymes, 
Botany," etc., << Laughable Lyrics : A Fresh Book of Nonsense Poems, Songs, Botany," etc. By Edward 
Lear. With all the original illustrations, a sketch of the author's life and a portrait. Complete in one 
volume. 12mo, cloth. •^2.00. 

"BOOKS OF "POEMS. 



IN THE GARDEN OF DREAMS; LYRICS AND SON- 
NETS. By Louise Chandler Moulton. With Ulnstrations 
by H. Winthrop Pierce. 16mo. Uniquely bound in white 
and green cloth, gold stamped. Price, $1.50. 

HELEN JACKSON S COMPLETE POEMS. Including 
'* Verses^' and *' Sonnets and Lyrics" in one volume. 
lOmo. Price, $1.50; white doth, gilt edge, $1.75; calf, 
padded, $4.(X) ; morocco, padded, $3.50. 



VERSES. A FEW MORE VERSES. By " Susan Coolidge." 

Square 16mo. Cloth, $1.00 each. 

" Many of the sweet and tender poems which make up the 
contents of this little volume of " Venes ' have already found 
lodgment in the hearts of many readers." — Trafucripc. 

POEMS. By Emily Dickinson. Edited by Mabel Loomis 
Todd and T. W. Hignnson. 16mo. Bound in drab and 
white cloth, with gilt design. Gilt top. Price, $1JjO. 



FOR "DAILY THOUGHT. 



THE DAY'S MESSAGE. 
A Brief Selectiok of Prose and Verse. 
For each day in the year. Chosen by Susan Coolidge. 16mo. 
White and green cloth, price, $1.00 ; full gilt, price, $1.25. 



DAILY STRENGTH FOR DAILY NEEDS. 
**As thydayv, so shall thy strensth be." A selection for 
every day in the year. Selected by the editor of ** Quiet 
Hours.'' 18mo. Price, $1.00; white cU>th, gilt, $l.'r); 
calf, padded, $3.50 ; morocco, padded, $3.00. 



The busy days of life are not so biuy but that there is time in each for the reading of one compact little sentence of wis- 
dom or conuort, and none need such a little, well-selected morsel as much as those who have no time to choose it for 
themselves. 

AUTHOR'S EDITION OF GEORGE ^MEREDITH'S SH^yELS. 

A Popular Edition. Bound in library style, 10 vols., 16mo^ cloth. Price, $1.50 per vol. Crown 8vo Edition, $2.00. 



The Ordeal of Richard 

Feverel. 
Diana of the Crossways. 



Harry Richmond. 
Sandra Belu)ni. 

VlTTORIA. 



Rhoda Flemino. Evan Harrxnoton. 

BEAucHA3fp*s Career. The Eooibt. 

The Shaving of Shaqpat and Farina. 



"BALZACS U^OyELS IN ENGLISH. 

Translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley. Handsome 12mo volumes. Half Russia. 

DiTCHKSs DK Lanofjiis. Euoenie Grandbt. 

Thk Rise and Fall of Cesar The Magic Skin (La Peau 

BlROTTBAU. DE ChAORIN). 

The Country Doctor. Louis Lambert. 

Sons of the Soil. 



Cousin Pons. 

The Two Brothers, 

The Alkahest. 

MODESTB MiONON. 



Fame and Sorrow. 



Price, $1.50 each. 

Prrb Goriot. 
Cousin Bkttr. 
Bureaucracy. 
Sbrafhita. 



For sale by all Booksellers. Sent by maU, post-paid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, 



ROBERTS BROTHERS, BOSTON. 



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BOOKS FOR YOUNG FOLK. 

' Whenever I have to do with young men and women^ I always wish to krufw whqt their 

books are.'' — Emerson. 



DEAR DAUGHTER DOJIOTHY. By A. G. Ryinptoii. 
With iUnatntieiis by the »iithor. Snudl 4to, oloth, $1. 

THE WINDS, THE WOODS AND THE WANDERER. 
A Fsble for Chndnm. By LUyF. Weaaelhoeft, auUior of 
'"Spanrow the Tramp" and "Flipwing the Spy." With 
ilhwtntiom. IGmo, ololli, $1.25. 

JjTORIES told at TWILIGHT. By Louiae Chandler 
Monlton, author of * 'Bed-time Stories," ''Fireli«rht Stories," 
etc. With illnstratioof by H. Winthrop Pierce. 16mo, 
doth, $1.25. 

THINE, NOT MINE. A Boy's Book. By WilKam Everett. 
IHintrated. 16mo, doth. Prioe, $1.25. ' 

Nbw EDiTiONg OP Mr. £vebett*8 
CHANGING BASE and DOUBLE PLAY. lUusfcrated. 
l(fano, cloth . Prioe, $1 .25 each . 

IN MY NURSE31Y. Rhymes, Chimes, and Jingles for 
Children. By Lauxm E. Kiohards, author of '* The Joyous 
Story of Toto" and "Toto's Merry Winter." Profusely 
illostiated. One TolBme, small 4to, doth. Price, $1.25. 

THE DRIFTING ISLAND; OR, THE SLAVE HUNT- 
ERS OF THE CONGO. A Sequel to ''Kibboo Ganey; 
m. The Lost Chief of the Copper Mountain." By Walter 
Wentworth. Illustrated by F. T. Merrill. 16mo, doth. 
Price, $1.25. 



ZOE. 
etc. 



A Story. By the author of '* Miss Toosey's Mission, *' 
16mo, doth. Price, 60 cents. 



DONALD AND DOROtHY. By Mary Mapes Dodge. Il- 
lustrated. 16190, eloth. Price, $1.50. 



THE KINGDOM OF COINS. A Tale for ChUdren of All 
AgeS; By John Bradley Giknan. Illustrated by F. T. 
Merrill. Small 4to. Illuminated board oorers. Price, 
60 cents. 

FLIPWING THE SPY. A Story for Children. By Lily 
F. Wesselhoeft, author of *' Sparrow the Tramp." With 
illnstratioiiB by Miss A. G. Tlympton. 16mo. Cloth. 
Price, $1.25. 

CLOVER. A Sequel to the Katy Books. By Susan Cool- 
idge. With illustrations by Jessie McDermott. Square 
16mo. Cloth. Prioe, $1.25. 

JUST SIXTEEN. A New Volume of Stories. By Susan 
CooHdge. Square 16mo. Cloth. Uniform with ''What 
Katy Did," '^A Little Country Girl," etc. Price, $1.25. 

THEIR CANOE TRIP. A Boy's Book. By Mary P. W. 
Smith, author of "Jolly Good Times," "The Browns," 
etc. 16mo. Cloth. Pnoe, $1.25. 

KIBBOO GANEY; or. The Lost Chiek of the Copper 
Mountain. A Story of Travel and Adyenture in the 
heart of Africa. With illustrations. 16mo. Cloth. Prioe, 
$1.25. 

RAYMOND KERSHAW. A Story of Deserved Success. 
By Maria Mcintosh Cox. With illastrations by F. T. Uer- 
rill. 16mo. Cloth. Price, $1.25. 

THE HAPPY PRINCE, AND OTHER TALES. By Oscar 
Wilde. With full-iMige illustrations bv Walter Crane, and 
vignettes and tail-pieces by Jacomb-Hood. Square 16mo. 
Cloth. $1.00. 



SETS OF POPULAR BOOKS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 

Any Story in the List may he had Separately. 



MISS ALCOTT'S LITTLE WOMEN SERIES. 8 vols., 
$1.50 etch. "Little Women," "Little Men," "Kght 
"Couibs,"'* Under the Lilacs," "An Old-fashioned Giri," 
" Jo'TSoys," " Rose in Bloom," "Jack and Jill." 

MISS ALCOTT'S AUNT JO'S SCRAP BAG. 6 vols., 
$1jOO each. "My Boys," "Shawl Straps," "Cupid and 
Chaw-Chow," "My Giris," "Jimmy's Cfruise in the Pma- 
fote," "An Ohl-fashioned Thanksgiving." 

MIBS ALCOTT'S SPINNING WHEEL STORIES. 4 vob., 
$1.25 each. "SpinniiKWhed Stories," " Proverb Stories," 
" saver Pitchers," "A Garhwd for Girls." 

MISS ALCOTT'S LULU'S LIBRARY. 3 vols., $1.00 each. 
Volume III. contains "Recollections of My Childhood," 
written shortly before her death. 

LAURA E. RICHARDS'S TOTO STORIES. 2 vob., $1.25 
each. "The Joyous Story of Toto," "Toto's Merry 
Wmter." 

FLORAL. SHAW'S Sl'ORIES. 4 vols., $1.00 each. "Castle 
Blaip," "Hector," " PhyUis Browne," "A Sea Change." 



EDWARD E. HALE'S STORIES. 5 vols., $1.00 each. 
"Stories of War," "Stories of the Sea," "Stories of Ad- 
venture," "Stories of Discovery," "Stories of Invention." 

MRS. MOULTON'S BED-TIME STORIES. 4 vols., $1.25 
each. "Bed-time Stories," "More Bed-time Stories," 
" New Bed-time Stories," " Firelight Stories." 

JEAN INGELOW'S STORIES. 5 vols., $1.25 each. "Stud- 
ies for Stories." "A Sister's Bye-hours," " Mopsa, the 
Fairy," "Stories Told to a Child," First Series; "Stories 
TddtoaChild," Second Series. 



JOLLY GOOD STORIES. 3 vols., $1.25 each 
Good Times," by P. Thome; "Mice at Play," by N 
Forest," " Jolly Good Times at School," by F. Thome 



JoUy 



MRS. EWING'S STORIES. 9 vols., 50 cents each. "Six 
to Sixteen," "A Great Emergency," etc.; "Jan of the 
WmdmiU," "We and the mrld," "Jackanapes," and 
other stories, with a life of Mrs. Ewin^r ; " Mrs. Overthe- 
way's Remembrances," etc.; "Melchior's Dream," «*'• • 
"Lob '■••"••• • - 



ing.' 



ob Lie-by-the-Fire,' 



etc.; 
etc.; 



etc.; 
' A Flat-iron for a Farth- 



Send for our Descriptive Catalogue {free). Our hooks are sold hy all hooksellers^ or mailed, post-paid, hy the 

publishers, on receipt of price. 

ROBERTS BROTHERS, BOSTON. Digitized by Google 



226 



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[Dec., 



Cassell Publishing Company's 

^ElV AND %ECENT PUBLICATIONS. 



HONORE D£ BALZAC. 



THE CHOUANS. 



Newly 



By H. de Balzac. With 100 engravings on wood by L^veill^ from drawings by Julien Le Blant. 
translated into English by George Saintsbury. 1 vol., large 8vo, ertra oloth, $7.50. 
There are more of the elements of a wide popularity in " The Chouans ^' than in any story that Balzac ever wrote. It is, 
as its title indicates, a tale of the troublous times in France when the Republicans and the ImperiaUsts stood ready to fly at 
each other's throats. No man could tell who was his enemy until it was proven to him at the dagger's point. The story reads 
like a romance, and yet it has followed almost literally in the footprints of history. M. Le Blant's illustrations are in perfect 
keeping with the spirit of the story. 

The T{^toers of Great Britain. 

Descriptive, historical, pictorial. With numerous higlily 
finished engravings. Engraved from the original 
drawings. Royal 4to, 384 pages, cloth, gilt, etc., 
•15.00. 



The International Sbakspere. 

Consisting of an Edition de Luxe of the principal plays 
of Shakspere, with original drawings by the leading 
artists of the world, reproduced in the highest style 
of photogravure. Now Ready. OTHELLO. Illus- 
trated by Frank Dicksee, A.R.A. $25.00. 

** Messrs. GaMell*s new Shakspere promises to be the most 
superb edition ever published.— Xonc^n Chronicle, 



Curious Creatures in Zoology. 

By John Abhton. 130 illustrations. 1 vol., 8vo, 83.50. 
Curious creatures these are indeed that Mr. Ashton de- 
scribee. *^ Freaks,'' they would be called by the unculti- 
vated. Thev include all sorts of singular formations, from 
Centaurs to bearded women. The subject is treated from a 
scientific standpoint, and the pencil has done as much as the 
pen to make it graphic. 

London Street tjlrabs. 

By Mrs. H. M. Stanley (Dorothy Tknnast). 1 vol., 
4to, extra cloth, very beautifully illustrated, $2.00. 
" We have only one fault to find— it is all too short : we 
should like to have heard more. The reproductions oi the 
pictures are excellent."— Xofu/an Daily Graphic, 



PROSPER MERIMEE. 

A CHRONICLE OF THE REIGN OF CHARLES IX. 

By Prosper Merimee. With 110 engravings on wood, from drawings by Edward Toudouze. Newly trans- 
lated into English by George Saintsbury. 1 vol., large 8vo, extra cloth, ^7.50. 

There will be no more beautiful book published this year. The text of M4rim^ is well known in the original. Mr. 
Saintsbury's translation is new, and so are the illustrations of Edward Toudouze. In press-work, paper, and binding, this 
book is a model. 



Society as I Have Found It. 

A volume of anecdote and reminiscence. By Ward 
McAllister. With portrait of the author. 1 vol., 
8vo, cloth, unique binding, $2.00. 

Edition de Luxe^ on laige paper, limited to 400 copies, each 
one numbered and signed by the author, and containing two 
portraits, etc. Published at $10.00. Price is now advanoed 
to $15.00 per copy. 

The publiahera reserve the right to increcue price of this edi- 
tion^ without further notice. 

Good Children and Bad. 

Illustrated in colors by M. B. de Monvel. 1 vol., ob- 
long, extra cloth, 92.50. 

Flower de Hundred. 

A story of a Virginia plantation. By Mrs. Burton 
Harrison. 1 vol., 12mo, cloth, $1.00. 



The {Magazine of c/Irt. 

Volume for 1890 contains about 500 beautiful illustra- 
tions, including litho. and tint plates and photo- 
gravures, the 'American Art Notes for the year, etc. 
Bound in extra cloth, beveled boards, full gilt, $5.00; 
full morocco, $10.00. 

(Memories of Home. 

Poems and Pictures of Life and Nature. By Mrs. 
Mart D. Brine. With numerous illustrations. 1 
vol., 4to, extra cloth, in box, $1.50. 

C(zsar Cascabel. 

By Jules Verne. Author of ^Around the World in 
Eighty Days," etc. Translated from the French by 
A. Estoclet. With numerous illustrations by George 
Roux. 1 vol., 8vo, $2.50. 



Oiir COMPLETE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Illustrated, Fine Art, and Education Boohs is now 
ready, and will he sent free to any address on application. 

CASSELL PUBLISHING CO., 104 & 106 Fourth Ave., New York. 

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1890.] 



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SUMPTUOUS GIFT BOOKS 



"The Quiet Life." 

"VhE quiet 'LIFE." Certain Verses by Various 
Hands; the Motive set forth in a Prologue and Epi- 
logue by Austin Dobson. The whole adorned with 
numerous drawings by Edwin A. Abbey and Alfred 
Parsons. 4to, ornamental leather, g^t edges, 97.50. 
(In a Box,) 

Old Songs. 

OLD SONGS. With drawings by Edwin A. Abbey 
and Alfred Parsons. 4to, ornamental leather, gilt 
edges, $7.50. (In a Box.) 

She Stoops to Conquer. 

"SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER ; Or, The Mistakes 
OF A NiOHT." A Comedy. By Dr. GrOLDSMiTH. 
With photograyuie and process reproductions from 
drawings by Edwin A. Abbey. Decorations by Al- 
fred Parsons. Introduction by Austin Dobson. 
Folio, leather, illuminated, gilt edges, 920. (In Box,) 

Herrick's Poems. 

Selections from the Poems of Robert Herrick. With 
drawings by Edwin A. Abbey. 4to, cloth, illumi- 
nated, gilt edges, 97.50. (In a Box.) 

Boughton and Abbey s Holland. 

SKETCHING RAMBLES IN HOLLAND. By 
George H. Bouohton, A.R.A. Beautifully and 
profusely illustrated with drawings by the author 
and Edwin A. Abbey. 8vo, cloth, illuminated, 
95.00 ; gilt edges, 95.25. 

Engravings on Wood. 

Twenty-five Engravings on Wood by Members of the 
Society of American Wood Engravers. With 
descriptive letter-press, by W. M. Laffan. Popu- 
lar Edition. Large folio; ornamental covers, 912.00. 
(In a Box.) 

Cathedrals and Abbeys. 

CATHEDRALS AND ABBEYS IN GREAT BRIT- 
AIN AND IRELAND. With descriptive letter- 
press by the Rey. Richard Wheatley, D.D. Pro- 
fusely illustrated. Folio, illuminated cloth, 910.00. 
(In a Box.) 



The Boyhood of Christ. 

THE BOYHOOD OF CHRIST. By Lew Wallace, 
Author of " Ben Hur," etc. 14 full-page engravings 
on plate paper. 4to, ornamental leather cover, 93.50 
(In a Box,) 

Home Fairies and Heart Flowers. 

Engraving of Typical Heads of Beautiful Children. By 
Frank French. With Poems by Margaret E. 
Sangster. Illustrated with numerous head-pieces 
and other decorations. 4to, cloth, illuminated, 96.00. 
(In a Box.) 

Howard Pyle's Works. 

THE WONDER CLOCK ; Or, Four and Twenty 
Marvelous Tales, being One for Each Hour of the 
Day. 160 drawings by the author. Embellished 
with verses by Katharine Pyle. Large 8vo, 
cloth, ornamental 93.00. 

PEPPER AND SALT ; Or, Seasoning for Young 
Folk. Profusely illustrated by the author. 4to, 
cloth, illuminated, 92.00. 

THE ROSE OF PARADISE. A Story of Adventure. 
Illustrated by the author. Post 8vo, cloth, 91.25. 



Dore's London. 

LONDON : A Pilgrimage. Illustrations by Gustave 
DoRE. Letter-press by Blanch ardJrrrold. Folio, 
cloth, 95.00. 

The Raven. 

Illustrated hy Dori, 

THE RAVEN. By Edgar Allan Poe. Dlustra- 
tions by Gustave Dore. With Comment by Clar- 
ence Stedman. Folio, cloth, illuminated, gilt edges, 
910.00. (In a Box.) 

The Ancient Mariner. 

Ilhistrated hy Dore. 
THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER. By 
Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Illustrated by Gus- 
tave Dore. Folio, cloth, illuminated, gilt edges. 
910.00. (In a Box.) 



Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. 

The above works art for tale hy all hockgeUera^ or will be 8ent by Harper A Brothers, postage prepaid, to any part of the 

United Siaiea, Canada, or Mexico, on receipt of price. 



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THE DIAL 



[Dec., 



ROUTLEDGE'S HOLIDAY BoOKS. 



By W. 



SONGS OF A SAVOYARD. 

S. Gilbert. With Illustrations from designs by the author. 4to, cloth, gilt edges. 
A collection of the most popular songs from the favorite operas of Gilbert and Sullivan, 



$3.50. 



A superb edition of Bulwer's fartums masterpiece, 
THE LAST "DAYS OF POMPEII. 

By Bulwer-Lytton. With 35 full-page illustrations 
by Frank Kirchbach and others. 8vo, cloth, 93. 

Printed from new type on fine paper, beautifully illustrated 
and handsomely bound, 

PICTURESQUE INDIA: 
An Unconventional Guide Book. By W. S. Laine. 
With 200 Illustrations from design by Redder, 
Dale, and Stanton, and Maps. 8vo, cloth, gilt 
edges, $3.50. 

An entertaining description of the writer^ s experiences while 
travelling in Britain's great Eastern empire. 

GREAT AFRICAN TRAVELLERS, 
From Munoo Park to Stanley. By W. H. G. 
Kingston and Lieut. C. R. Low. With many Illus- 
trations and Portraits of Stanley. 12mo, cloth, gilt 
edges, $2.50. 

*' Juj< the book for young people who ujish to have a connected 
story of the opening of the Dark Continent,'^— Tkb Critic. 

"DISILLUSION; Or, The Story of ^medee's 
Youth. 

(Toute une Jeunesse.) By Francois Coppee. Trans- 
lated by £. P. Robins. With 74 Illustrations from 
designs by Emile Bayard. 12mo, paper, $1.50 ; 
half leather, $2.25. 

^* Equally fascinating in its story and in the way in which it 
is told. . . . Copp4e is a delightful writer. . . . This 
book presents him at his very best in fiction.^''— Bowrov Sat- 
urday Evening Gazette. 

KINGS IN EXILE. 
By Alphonse Daudet. Translated by Laura Ensor 
and E. Bartow. With 104 Illustrations from de- 
signs by BiELER, CoNCONi and Myrbach. 12mo, 
paper, $1.50 ; half leather, $2.25. 

** The sureness, lightness, and dtftness of Daudet^ s art, his 
constant and exquisite sympathy with nature . . . make his 
writings the source of a pleasure that must express itself, if aJt 
all, in enthusiastic hyperbole."— Bosi^v Advertiser. 



A stirring story for Boys. 

^ %OUGH SHAKING. 
By George Macdonald. With 12 ,f uU-page Illus- 
trations fron designs by W. Parkinson. 12mo, 
cloth, $1.50. 

Narrates the adventures of an English lad who lost his par- 
ents in an earthquake in Italy. 

SISTER PHILOMENE. 
By Edmond and Jules de Gonoouet. Translated by 
Laura Ensor. With 70 Illustrations from designs 
by BiELER. 12mo, paper, $1.50 ; half leather, $2.25. 

^*'A profoundly simple, profoundly pathetic tragedy, exquis- 
itely drawn and shaded."— Chicaqo Times. 

"DISCOyERIES AND INl^ENTIONS OF THE 

U^INETEENTH CENTURY. 
By Robert Routledgb, B. Sc, F. C. S. New Edi- 
tion. With numerous Illustrations. 8vo, cloth, $3. 

This edition is brought down to the current year, and inr 
dudes, among other fresh matter, descriptions qf the Forth 
Bridge, the Eifel Tower, and the Manchester Ship Canal. 

CHIVALRY. 

By Leon Gautier. Transited by Henry Frith. 

With numerous Illustrations. 8vo, cloth, $2.50. 

An attractii>ely-written account of the origin, obligations, 
and curious customs of the ^^ knightly age.^^ 

SHIPWRECKS AND T>IS ASTERS AT SEA. 
By W. H. G. Kingston. New Edition. With 180 
Illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. 

A vivid picture of the perils qf the deep and the life qf cast- 
aways ; full of startling incidents and hair-breadth escapee. 

KATE GREENAWAYS JILMANACK 
FOR 1891. 
Printed in colors by Edmund Evans. Boards, 25 
cents; torchoi^, 50 cents; calf, $1.00. 

" The daintiest book of the year. . . . falls behind none 
qf its predecessors in delicacy, r^nement, and picturesque 
^«rt."— Christiah Union. 



For sale by all Booksellers, or sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of the advertised price, by the Publishers, 

GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, Limited, 

No. 9 LAFAYETTE PLACE, NEW YORK. 

Digitized by V:iOOQIC 



1890.] 



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HOLIDAY EDITIONS. 



%OMOLA. 



In placing on the market this superb two-volume edition of George Eliot's masterpiece, containing sixty etch- 
ings and photo-etchings printed in a variety of delicate tints, we feel that we have atteiupted and succeeded in 
giving the public the finest edition of this great historic story of Florentine life ever produced in any form. 

Two vols., white vellum cloth, red and gold, 86.00. 

T^MO LA. —Edition de Luxe. 

Limiled to 250 copies. This large paper edition, containing sixty-two plates printed on Imperial Japanese paper, 
is bound in full vellum, illuminated in gold and colors. Two vols., full vellum, red, blue and gold, $15.00. 

Owing to the limited number published^ all orders should be sent in as early as possible^ as the edition will be 
exhausted before the holidays. 

GOUPIL'S TARIS SALON OF 1890. 

The instantaneous and unqualified success which last year greeted the issue of an English Text edition of this 
noted art volume, has induced the Paris publbhers to continue the publication, and every effoH will be made to 
have the volume for 1890 outdo, in attractiveness and real art value, even its exquisitely beautiful predecessor. 

One vol., Imperial 8vo, red silk cloth, with new « Palette " design, 818.00. 



Our Great fi/l6tors. 

A series of six water-color portraits by Chas. Abb^, por- 
traying the following distinguished actors in their 
favorite roles: Edwin Booth as Richelieu; Salvini as 
Macbeth; Jefferson as Bob Acres; Coquelin as Mas- 
carille ; Lawrence Barrett as Count Lanciotto in Fran- 
cesca da Rimini; Henry Irving as Mephistopheles. 

1 vol., quarto, lithographed cloth portfolio, 85.00. 

th(igbt Song. 

By Charles Reinick, illustrated by Henry Sandham. 
This song, or poem, is unique from the fact that each 
and every line suggests a separate picture to the 
artist's mind. These illustrations, 16 in number, are 
reproduced by our celebrated photographing process 
from paintings by Mr. Sandham, together with an 
equal number of fine pen-and-ink sketches accompany- 
ing the text of the song. The whole makes one of 
the most distinguished holiday works ever issued. 
Printed on fine linen vellum paper, with cover design 
by Ipsen stamped on vellum cloth. 

1 vol., royal quarto, cloth, 87.50. 

Hans of Iceland. 

EDITION BE LUXE, LIMITED, 

By Victor Hugo. A new translation by A. Langdon 

Alger. This work, which ranks among the best of 

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Digitized by CjOOQ IC 



230 



THE DIAL 



[Dec., 1890. 



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Digiti: 



zed by Google 



THE DIAL 



Vol. XL DECEMBER, 1890. No. 128. 



COXTENTS. 



WALTER SCOTT'S JOURNAL. Martin W. Sampson 231 

STANLEY AND HIS WORK IN AFRICA. Minerva 

B, Norton 234 

A FAMOUS ACTOR'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY. James 

B. Bunnion 237 

RECENT BOOKS OF FICTION, miliam Morton 

Payne 239 

QUEENS, WITS, AND BEAUX OF SOCIETY. Octave 

Thanet 244 

HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS 24(3 

Longfellow's Hia-watha. — Hawthorne's Onr Old 
Home. — George Eliot's Romola. — A Mosaic— De 
Amiois's Holland and Its People.— Hal^yy's A Mar- 
nage for I^ove.— The Golden Flower Chryaanthemom. 
— Wilson's In Scripture Lands.— Margaret Farring- 
ton's Fra lippo Lippi.— Miss Bronte's Jane Ejrre. — 
M^rim^e's A Chronicle of the Reign of Charles IX. 
— Selections from Wordsworth's Sonnets.— Dobson's 
The Snn Dial.— Mrs. Van Rensselaer's The Devil's 
I^etoxe Books. — Dobson's Memoir of Horace Walpole. 
— Lowell's Vision of Sir Launfal. — Blackmore's Loma 
Doone, ** fizmoor" edition. — Hugo's Hans of Iceland. 
— MiB. Upton's Our Early Presidents. — Mabie's Our 
New England.— Elizabeth Balch's Glimpses of Old 
English Homes.— Adams's The Poet's Year.— Tay- 
lor's English Poems. — Read's Sheridan's Ride. — Our 
Great Actors. — Lula MacWhorter's Dreams of the 
Sea.— Mrs. ToUnd'sTis&yac of the Yosemite. -Flam- 
marion's Urania. — Ohnet's The Soul of Pierre.— 
MoCaskejr'B Christmas in Song, Sketch and Story. 
Anstey's Voces Populi.— The Good Things of Life. 
— Ashton's Curious Creatures in Zoology. — George 
Sand's The Haunted Pool.— George Sand's The Gal- 
lant Lords of Bois Dor^e. — Roberts^s In and Out of 
Book and Journal.— The Day's Message. — Meredith's 
Lucile. — Tennyson's The Princess. — Moore^s Lalla 
Rookh.— ^night's Leafy Ways.— Thus Think and 
Smoke Tobacco. — Copp^e's Disillusion. — Tramp, 
Tramp, Tramp. — Tenting on the Old Camp Ght>und. 
— Benet's Summer Thoughts for Yule Tide.— Miss 
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The Tiuant on the Beach.— Mrs. Sunter's May Day. 
— Miss Humphrey's Little Folks Wide Awake, and 
Little Folks in Dreamland.— Esther Tiffany's The 
Spirit of the Pine. — Robinson's The Winds of the 
Seasons. — Celia Tharter's My Light House.— Hale's 
The Story of a Dory.— Calendars for 1890. 

BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG * . . 250 

Howells's A Boy^s Town.— Moorehead's Wanneta the 
Sioux. — Farrar's Eric— Hughes's Tom Brown at 
Rugby.— Stoddard's Chuck Purdy.— Allen's Wednes- 
day the Tenth.— Mrs. Martin's Little Great Grand- 
mother. — Nory Perry's Another Flock of Girls. — 
Plympton's Dear Daughter Dorothy. — Zoe.— Ruth 
Ofrden's A Loyal Little Redcoat.— Martha Finley's 
Elsie Yachting with the Raymonds.— Lily Wessel- 
hoeft's The Winds, tho Woods, and the Wanderer.— 
Christine Brush's One Summer's Lessons in Practical 
Perspective. — Miss Adams's Rhymes for Little Read- 
ers.— Mrs. Moulton*8 Stories Told at Twilight.— 
Mary Eldridge's Mrs. Muff and her Friends.— Trow- 
bridge's The Kelp-Gather<»rs.— Boyesen's At^ainst 
Heavy Odds. — StodJard's Crowded out O' CroSeld. 



CONTENTS.— Books fob the Young (Continued). 

— IngersoU's Silver Caves. — Wentworth's The Drift- 
ing Island. — Marguerite Bouvet's Sweet William. — 
Alice Weber's When I'm a Man.— Laura Riohards's 
Captain January. — Stella Austin's Paul and his 
Friend.— Mrs. Ver Planck's Wonder Light.— Mabel 
Fuller's In Poppy Land.— Lockwood's Little Giant 
Boab.— Stahl's Maroussia.— Mrs. Molesworih's Chil- 
dren of the Castle.— Grace Litchfield's Little Venice. 
—Coffin's Freedom Triumphant.— Abbot's Battle 
Fields and Camp Fires.— Castlemon's Rodney the 
Partisan. — The Grand Army Picture Book. — Miss 
Humphrey's Color Books. — DeMonvel's Good Chil- 
dren and Bad.— Cox's Another Brownie Book. — Al- 
ger's Struggling Upward. — Ellis's Cabin in the Clear- 
ing. — Gladden's Santa Claus on a Lark. — Palmer's 
Half Hours in Story Land. — Knox's Horse Stories. — 
Gautier's Chivalry. — Jaoobe's Ejnglish Fairy Tales. — 
Swiss Family Robinson. — Knox's Boy Travellers. — 
Butterworth's Zig Zag Journeys.— Miss Champney's 
Three Vassar Girls.- Verne's Csasar Cascabel, — 
Bound Juvenile Periodicals for 1890. — Kate Wig^ 
gin's The Story Hour.— Mrs. Acton's Rosebud. — 
Mrs. Starrett's Gyppy. — Molly Seawell's Little Jarvis. 
Allen's Lion City of Africa. — Groese'sThe Hununing 
Top.— Wilkinson's A Real Robinson Cmsoe.- Frances 
Eaton's Dolikins and the Miser. — Frances's Through 
Thick and Thin. 
BOOKS OF THE MONTH 255 



WALTER Scott's Journal.* 

The publication of Sir Walter Scott's Jour- 
nal is the literary event of the year. Lockhart, 
to be sure, drew on it copiously in his Life 
of Scott, but many reasons prevented him from 
publishing the Diary entire : it was too soon 
after Scott's death, and the pages contained 
too many references to living persons. Now, 
after a lapse of more than fifty years, Mr. 
David Douglas takes up the work and gives 
us the Journal as Scott left it ; and his care- 
fully annotated edition will be read by thou- 
sands to whom Lockhart's ten volumes are in- 
accessible. To these readers the Journal will 
be like a new book by the " Author of Wa- 
verley," and one not less interesting certainly 
than one of the novels of that master hand. 

Nothing more than these two volumes is 
needed to show Scott's character. It is fully 
revealed. Yet there is no painful self-scnitiny, 
no anxious inquiry into motives. Emotions are 
chronicled, not analyzed. " Explanation — a 
humor I love not." It is not simply that the 
Journal is the work of a man of fifty-four and 
ageing, of one who had fame, not of one striv- 

»The Journal of Sir Walter Scott. From the Orig- 
inal Manuscript at Ahbottsford. In two volumes, with two 
Portraits. New York : Harper A Brothers. /^-^ f 

digitized by (^OOgle 



232 



THE DIAL 



[Dec., 



ing for it, that makes it the diametrical op- 
posite of the Journal of Marie Bashkirtseff. 
The reason is in the nature of the man him- 
self. No less in the novels than in the Journal 
is Scott's nature reflected. His method is the 
paint-brush and palette, not the etching-needle; 
and so far as may be in anything that tells the 
inner life of a man, this diary is objective. 
The writer paints his portrait freely and with 
broad touches. 

The utter absence of any striving after effect 
brings out clearly the chief traits of Scott's 
character — indomitable courage, dogged per- 
severance, keen sense of honor and duty, and 
healthiness of attitude toward things of the 
soul. He had human failings, but his pre- 
judices, though strong, were few. If he saw 
great good in only one political party, it was 
because he was patriotic. He did not show 
foresight in all of his business arrangements, 
but when there came the need of great busi- 
siness capacity, he was not found wanting. He 
was extravagant at times, and generous always. 

The Journal covers the period from 1825, 
just before the Ballantyne failure, to 1832, 
the year of his death, and is a record therefore 
of the most remarkable part of his life. Per- 
haps no journal has plunged so quickly in me- 
dias res^ for Scott follows the only true prin- 
ciple of journal- writ ing — to write when and 
what the mood suggests. Throughout the pages 
this principle is adhered to, and we find great 
things set down by the side of small. It makes 
us feel very near to Sir Walter Scott to find 
him complaining of having lost his spectacles, 
and of hating to put his desk in order. Such 
touches only heighten the effect of the forcible 
passages. A mouth after the diary has been 
begun comes the financial crash. It was pleas- 
ant to have a glimpse of him in prosperity, yet 
the sunny temperament that we first see is the 
one that continues through misfortune that 
was enough to break the spirit of most men. 
By the failure of the printing-house of Ballan- 
tyne & Co., Scott as a partner became liable 
for <£1 30,000. The remainder of his life was 
to be devoted to paying this enormous debt. 
The Journal tells the story of the struggle 
against the fearful odds ; for in addition he 
was no longer as strong as he used to be, and 
domestic calamities soon increased his burden : 
Lady Scott died a few months after the fail- 
ure. On the 18th of December Scott writes 
of the first bad news, and his thoughts turn to 
his past life. Here is his summary : 

" What a life mine has been ! — half-educated, almost 



wholly neglected or left to myself, stuffing my head 
with most nonsensical trash, and undervalued in society 
for a time by most of my companions, getting forward 
and held a bold and clever fellow, contrary to the opin- 
ion of all who thought me a mere dreamer, broken- 
hearted for two years, my heart handsomely pieced, but 
the crack will remain to my dying day. Rich and po;)r 
four or five times, ouce on the verge of ruin, yet opened 
new sources of wealth almost overHowiug. Now taken 
in my pitch of pride, and nearly winged, because Lon- 
don chooses to be in an uproar, and in the tumult of 
bulls and bears a poor inoffensive lion like myself is 
pushed to the wall. And what is to be the end of it ? 
God knows. And so ends the catechism." 

We know what the end was. He wrote himself 
free. His clearness of mind and his courage did 
not fail him. 

<*I feel quite composed and determined to labor. 
. . . The public favor is my only lottery. I have 
long enjoyed the foremost prize, and something in my 
breast tells me my evil genius will not overwhelm me 
if I stand by myself. ... I find my eyes moist- 
ening, and that will not do. I will not yield without a 
fight for it. It is odd, when I set myself to work 
doggedly, as Dr. Johnson would say, I am exactly the 
same man that I ever was, neither low-spirited nor dis- 
trait. In pi'osperous times, I have sometimes felt my 
fancy and powers of language flag, but adversity is to 
me at least a tonic and a bracer; the fountain is awak- 
ened from its inmost recesses, as if the spirit of afflic- 
tion had troubled it in his passage." 

It was this courage that enabled him to keep 
up his work in spite of bodily aches and pains. 
There is the truest heroism in these words : 

" 1 write on, though a little afflicted with the oppres- 
sion on my chest. Sometimes I think it is something 
dangerous, but as it always goes away on change of 
posture, it cannot be speedily so. I want to finish my 
task, and then good-night. I will never relax my labor 
in these affairs, either for fear of pain or love of life. 
I will die a free man, if hard working will do it." 

One need not say how strong his sen.se of 
duty was ; it made him diligent even against 
his inclination. His application during his 
years of toil can be appreciated more when we 
realize that task-work was repugnant to him. 

** Never a being, from my infancy upwards, hated 
task-work as I hate it ; and yet I have done a great 
deal in my day. It is not that I am idle in my nature 
neither. But propose to me to do one thing, and it is 
inconceivable the desire I have to do something else — 
not that it is more easy or more pleasant, but just be- 
cause it is escaping from an imposed task. I cannot 
trace this love of contradiction to any distiliot source, 
but it has haunted me all my life." 

We are not surprised, after reading this, to 
find that Scott did not relish a definite plan in 
writing. He did not want to be bound within 
rigid limits. In beginning the third volume of 
" Woodstock," he writes : 

<* Now I Imve not the slightest idea how the story is 
to be wound up to a catastrophe. I am in just the 

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THE DIAL 



233 



same case as I used to be when I lost myself in former 
days in some country to which I was a stranger. I al- 
ways pushed for the pleasantest road, and either found 
or made it the nearest. It is the same in writing; I 
never could lay down a plan — or, having it down, I 
never could adhere to it. . . .1 only tried to make 
that which I was actually writing diverting or interest- 
ing, leaving the rest to fate.** 

Elsewhere, he says that he loves " elbow- 
room." Yet it is only natural that, when left 
to himself entirely, he should realize what an 
incentive outside pressure is. His explanation 
of an idle day is entertaining : 

"Yesterday I did not write a line of Woodstock, 
Partly, I was a little out of spirits, though that would 
not have hindered. Partly, I wanted to wait for some 
new ideas — a sort of colleciting of straw to make bricks 
of. Partly, I was a little too far beyond the press. I 
cannot pull well in long traces, when the draught is too 
far behind me. I love to have the press thumping, 
clattering, and banging in my rear ; it creates the ne- 
cessity which almost always makes me work best." 

The Journal is full of bright humor, spon- 
taneous, not forced like many of the jests in 
the novels. It is the overflow of a cheerful 
mind, and more f recjuently consists of a jocular 
tone than separable humorous sentences. A 
reference to Hogg as " the honest grunter "; 
to an infant as •' that species of dough that is 
caUed a fine baby "; to a petted foreigner as 
^^ one of those animals who are lions at first, 
but by transmutation of two seasons Ijecome 
in regular course Boars,'' — these indicate the 
mildly bantering spirit that runs through the 
pages. 

Scott knew that his popularity was deserved, 
but he did not like to be told of his merits. 
Idle flattery was his abomination. One has 
to turn only a few pages to find this opinion 
compactly expressed : 

" No man that ever wrote a line despised the pap of 
praise so heartily as I do. . . . As a literary man I 
cannot affect to despise public applause; as a private 
gentleman I have always been embarrassed and dis- 
pleased with popular clamors, even when in my favor.** 

After quoting a stanza from Burns he gives 
vent to a remark that bids fair to become 
classic : 

« Long life to thy fame and peace to thy soul, Kob 
Bums ! When I want to express a sentiment which 
I feel strongly, I find the phrase in Shakespeare — or 
thee. The blockheads talk of my being like Shake- 
speare — not fit to tie his brogues.** 

Walter Scott was too straightforward, too 
stubborn, too independent, to care for flatter- 
ing words that meant nothing ; yet he was the 
very reverse of taciturn. His lack of affecta- 
tion made him enter all the more keenly into 



honest fun. There is no paradox in these 
illustrations. His sturdiness is not unsociable. 

<* Convince my understanding, and I am perfectly 
docile; stir my passions by coldness or affronts, and the 
devil would not drive me from my purpose.*' 

His views of art and religion are as clear 
and simple as his thoughts on everyday affairs. 
Faulting and music, he insists, are essentially 

, for the i)eople. That which appeals only to 
the connois.seur is aiming at a false ideal. Not 
technical excellence, but the power of arousing 
emotion, is the stnnmum boimm of a work of 

: art. There is a sufficient creed in these words 

I that follow : 

" Our hope, heavenly and earthly, is poorly anchored^ 
if the cable parts upon the strain. I believe in God 
who can change evil into good; and I am confident that 
what befalls us is always ultimately for the best.*' 

This, when the prospect of giving up Abbotts- 
ford was staring him in the face, is enough of 
itself to prove what he says elsewhere : 

<< It is not bravado; I literally feel myself firm and 
resolute.** 

Neither in himself nor in others could he 
I encourage melancholy. Funerab and leave- 
takings were repugnant to him. 

*' I hate red eyes and blowing of noses. ... I 
hate funerals — always did. There is such a mixture of 
mummery with real grief — the actual mourner perhaps 
heart-broken, and all the rest making solemn faces, and 
whispering observations on the weather and public 
news.*' 

It is this same hatred of affectation that 
makes him despise "fine writing." Even a 
suspicion of it in his Journal makes him quote 
Byron's famous remark to Moore, "D — it^ 
Tom, don't be poetical." And Ballantyne's 
remonstrance on the careless style of the Life 
of Napoleon is met by the response : 

" The rogue is right, too. But as to correcting my 
style to the 

* Jemmy jemmy linkum f eedle ' 
tune of what is called fine writing, 1*11 be d — d if I do! ** 

But there are sadder pages to turn than 
have been spoken of. As we read of the strug- 
gle against adversity, we feel admiration for 
the man, and now there comes something more 
deeply pitiful — the struggle against failing 
powers. The spectacle of Scott still fighting 
on, and for a long time unconscious that he is no 
longer capable of novel-writing, is as pathetic 
as the former picture is heroic. The stroke 
of paralysis, the decay of mind and body, the 
slow and painful recognition of the inevitable,, 
make up something that cannot lie forgotten. 
There was a foreshadowing of it in his worda 

a few years before. C^ r^r^t-^\r->^ 

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234 



THE DIAL 



[Dec, 



« I see before me a long tedious and dark path, but it 
leads to true fame and stainless reputation. If I die 
in the harness, as is very likely, I shall die with honor; 
if I achieve my task I shall have the thanks of all con- 
cerned, and the approbation of my own conscience. And 
so I think I can fairly face the return of Christmas 
Day." 

As the truth begins to dawn upon him, he 
loses none of his fortitude, although the blow 
strikes home. 

" I am shocked to find that I have not the faculty of 
delivering myself with facility — an embarrassment 
which may be fanciful, but is altogether as annoying as 
if real. ... I myself am sensible that my fingers 
begin to stammer — that is, to write one word instead 
of another very often. I impute this to fancy, the ter- 
rible agency of which is too visible in my illness, and 
it encourages me to hope the fatal warning is yet ae- 
ferred. I feel lighter by a million ton since I made 
this discovery. ... I think the peep, real or im- 
aginary, at the gates of death has given me courage not 
to mind little afflictions." 

To have an amanuensis seemed at first to 
be the way out of the difficulty ; but the apha- 
sia in writing was not the only trouble. A day 
or two later he writes : 

« I wrote with Laidlaw. It does not work clear ; I 
do not know why. The plot is, nevertheless, a good 
plot, and full of expectation. But there is a cloud over 
me, I think, and interruptions are frequent." 

The cloud grew larger and darker, and he 
anticipates even the worst : 

« I do not think my head is weakened, but a strange 
vacillation makes me suspect. Is it not thus that men 
begin to fail, becoming, as it were, infirm of purpose ? 

* . . that way madness lies; let me shun that : 
No mora of that. . . .' 

* Yet, why be a child about it ? What must be, will be.' " 

A favorite exclamation is characteristic — 
''Naboclish" ("don't mind it"); and the 
keynote of all his struggles is in these words : 
" Hang it, I hate to be beat I " 

At last nothing remains but to give up writ- 
ing, and go to Italy for the hope of recovery. 
There is a temporary improvement, but it is 
only temporary, and finally he returns to Ab- 
bottsford to spend his few remaining days at 
home. His Journal does not tell the story of 
these last days. It ends abruptly in the mid- 
dle of a sentence, while he is describing the 
trip from Naples to Rome. 

On the second day of the diary, Scott wrote 
jestingly : "I am enamored of my Journal." 
As we close the volumes the words return 
with force to express our own thoughts. No 
one who reads the pages can fail to feel that 
he has re:id a modest record of heroic man- 
hood. T^. ^«r o 

Martin W right Sampson. 



Stanley and His Work in Africa.* 

Africa affords the material for a drama su- 
perior in grandeur to all the tales of old, not 
excepting those of the Israelites and Egyptians, 
Greeks and Trojans. The slave coast at the 
mouth of the Congo yielded gold for the coffers 
of Europe, and for three centuries the dire 
seed of slavery was brought thence to be planted 
in British colonies, in our own day to spring 
from the soil of our own land in a million 
armed warriors, waging a conflict in the Amer- 
ican Civil War before which the most famous 
contest of history "pales its ineffectual fires." 

Another act in this gigantic drama has for 
its hero the man whom Great Britain and 
America have combined within the last fifty 
years to produce and whose providential work 
has been to open up the heart of the African 
Continent, latest of those on our planet to re- 
ceive the day of Civilization and the sun of 
Christianity, and which now awaits the rising 
of that day and the shining of that sun, as 
America awaited them four hundred years ago, 
and as Europe waited before Romulus laid the 
foundations of the Eternal City. 

The final verdict on Mr. Stanley's career 
can be awarded only by posterity. Meantime 
his work thus far accomplished is laid before 
the public in his own voluminous narratives, 
and in a multitude of books with more or less 
claim to originality and to the attention of that 
interest in African exploration which just now 
creates a demand for the literature of the sub- 
ject almost greater than can be met at the 
counters of the booksellers and by the shelves 
of the public libraries. 

* In Darkest Africa ; or, The Quest, Rescue, and Re- 
treat of Emin, Govenior of Eqnatoria. By Henry M. Stan- 
ley. With numerous lUustrations and Maps. In two vols. 
Sold by Subscription. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons. 
(Chicago : 103 State Street). 

Emin Pasha and the Rebellion at the Equator. By A. J. 
Mounteney-Jephson, with the Cooperation of Henry M. Stan- 
ley. With Map and numerous Illustrations. Sold by Sub- 
scription. New York : Charles Scribner 's Sons. (Chicago : 
ia3 State Street). 

Five Years with the Congo Cannibals. By Herbert 
Ward. lUustrated. New York : Robert Bonner^s Sons. 

Henry M. Stanley : His Life, TraTekt, and Explorations. 
By Rev. H. W. LitUe. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippinoott Co. 

Henry M. Stanley : His Life and Explorations. By 
Henry F. Reddall. New York : Robert Bonner's Sons. 

Scouting for Stanley in East Africa. By Thomas 
Stevens. lUastrated. New York : Cassell Publishing Co. 

The Story of Emin's Rescue as Told in Stanley's Let- 
ters. By J. Scott Keltie, Librarian of the Royal Geograph- 
ical Society. New York : Harper & Brotiiers. 

A. M. Mack ay of ir(»ANDA, I^oneer Missionary of the 
Church Missionary Society in Uganda. With Portnut and 
Colored Map. New York : A. C. Armstrong & Son. 



Digitized by 



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1890.] 



THE DIAL 



236 



"In Darkest Africa" is a narrative on whose 
current the reader is borne from the hour of 
setting forth to that of returning, without a 
break in the fascination of the story and its 
setting. The contributions which it brings to 
science are not inconsiderable. Geography 
hails the re-discovery by Mr. Stanley of the 
long-lost Mountains of the Moon, known to 
the most ancient geographers, but hidden for 
ages past from the view of civilized man by 
the mists and exhalations of equatorial Africa. 
Their glittering crest over a dark purple base 
was mistaken for a tornado-cloud, even by this 
experienced traveller, for he knew that previ- 
ous explorers had seen no mountains here. But 
the illusion gave place to exultation, as the ex- 
pedition approached the foot-hills of the range 
and travelled for many days in sight of its 
central cluster, whose highest peak he estimates 
at not less than from 18,000 to 19,000 feet 
above the sea-level. Right under the equator, 
this '' cloud-king " of the natives is clothed 
with eternal snow for nearly 3,000 feet below 
its summit. A brave attempt was made by 
Lieutenant Stairs, with a party, to reach the 
snow-altitude of this trackless mountain, but 
his native followers were benumbed by the 
cold, and at the height of nearly 11,000 feet 
he was forced to turn back, with the lowest 
limit of the gleaming snow-continent still thou- 
sands of feet above him. 

Far more worthily than aught else, the dis- 
covery of Ruwenzori accentuates this book. 
But many readers will feel great interest in 
the story of the immense tangled forest of the 
Upper Congo, never before trodden by a white 
man, through which the advance column of 
the expedition cut its way for one hundred and 
sixty days amid incredible hardships, before 
emerging on the grass-lands which intervene 
toward Lake Albert Nyanza. Professor Drum- 
mond's characterization of African scenery as 
tame and uninteresting, Stanley regards as 
pai*tial and inadequate and therefore untrue. 
Mount Ruwenzori proves this, and so does the 
Congo forest. Many particulars are given of 
great interest to naturalists and philanthropists 
concerning the vegetable and animal life, and 
the varieties of the human species to be found 
in this hitherto unknown region. For brilliant 
description and tragic interest, Mr. Stanley's 
pages are unsurpassed ; but no lengthened tran- 
scription can do more than hint at their value. 

Mr. Stanley's personal qualities ai*e con- 
spicuously shown in this frank narrative. A 
bom leader of men, white or black, with re- 



serve power for the greatest emergencies, un- 
hampered by scruples as to its exercise while 
the need lasts, self-reliant, of almost super- 
human endurance, and with the experience of 
many African campaigns behind him, it is not 
strange that he lived a life apart, bore his own 
responsibilities, and made his own decisions, 
sometimes without the sympathy of his subor- 
dinate officers, whom, notwithstanding his high 
praise of them, he could not always take into his 
unlimited confidence. Major Bartelot seems to 
have had a presentiment of the fearful story 
of the rear column and of his own fate ; but 
Mr. Stanley attempts to justify his own plan, 
and to show that any other in the circum- 
stances was impossible. 

As for Emin Pasha, Mr. Stanley curiously 
invokes for him the reader's appreciation and 
sympathy, at the same time making this im- 
possible. This governor without the shadow 
of authority, after having written letters mis- 
representing his needs which evoked the sym- 
pathy of all Europe, would not at last make 
up his mind to stay or to go, and had small 
practical appreciation of the expense, the risk, 
the unspeakable suffering and lavish sacrifice 
of life which were inseparable from this effort 
to save him. 

Mr. Stanley's language, in many fine pas- 
sages, is such as can be fashioned only by a 
sensitive perception, a dominating intelligence, 
a powerful imagination, an upright purpose, 
and a warm heart. Crude and ungrammatical 
expressions are not hard to find, but one turn* 
rather to the marvellously artistic and brilliant 
descriptions which luxuriate on these pages, like 
the tropical sublimity and beauty which they 
set forth. The work would gain by general 
condensation, especially by a less abi'upt and 
minute detail of preliminaries to the journey 
which make the first chapter comparatively 
hard and unproductive reading. An excellent 
map embodies the most recent discoveries in 
Central Africa, but it is inconveniently large 
and fragile. Another and a smaller, sliowhig 
the boundaries of Equatoria, is, like the first, 
contained in a pocket. If the author could 
give this vast amount of material a thorough 
revision, cutting it down so that these cumber- 
some volumes might b2 superseded by others 
less large and heavy, while preserving the in- 
terest of the narrative and the handsome dress 
his publishers have given it, little would re- 
main to be desired in this greatest story of 
African travel. 

Mr. Jephson's account of the revolt of Emin^l^ 

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THE DIAL 



[Dec., 



soldiery, in which the Pasha and himself were 
held close prisoners, condemned to death, nar- 
rowly escaped massacre by an excited military 
mob, and were at length enabled to make their 
way out to join Mr. Stanley by reason of the 
fright occasioned to their captors by the fresh 
advance of the Mahdists, is extremely inter- 
esting reading. The story is told in a modest, 
straightforward way, not with the practiced 
pen of a literary man, but with that of a manly, 
intelligent, humane, and courageous soldier, 
intent on doing his duty. No question as to 
the character and career of Emin as Governor 
of Equatoria will remain in the minds of those 
who read this book written as it is by one 
who was his close companion in scenes which 
test the fibre of the soul, and who appreciates 
at their highest value the many excellent qual- 
ities of the Pasha. This estimate differs not 
at all from that gained by the reading of Mr. 
Stanley's own volumes, but is more strongly 
emphasized by the events narrated by Mr. 
Jephson, which supply a line parallel to Mr. 
Stanley's story, and without which " Through 
Darkest Africa " is incomplete. Two of the 
many admirable illustrations are signed ^'Dor- 
othy Stanley," and presumably are the con- 
tribution of Mr. Stanley's artist-bride. 

Quite different in scope and purpose is the 
book of Herbert Ward, another of Mr. Stan- 
ley's companions. It has the usual portrait 
of the author which African explorationists, 
following the example of Mr. Stanley, prefix 
to their books, is written by the help of a cdI- 
laborator, and is elegantly gotten up, with 
abundant illustrations, most of them from Mr. 
Ward's own sketches. The biief autobiograph- 
ical matter in the early part of the book reveals 
a character in the youth which leaves a ques- 
tion in the reader's mind as to what that of | 
the man may be. Though recent newspaper , 
jitterances of Mr. Ward censure Mr. Stanley's I 
plan for the rear column, and assert that he i 
must bear a part of the responsibility for its ■ 
sad history, the book, on the whole, confirms j 
the general judgment of the discriminating 
public in regard to Mr. Stanley and his work. 

Those who have not the time or inclination 
to read Mr. Stanley's ponderous volumes will 
find in Mr. H. W. Little's convenient and con- 
tinuous record of his Life and Explorations 
an excellent substitute. In a remarkably clear 
and limpid narrative, with scarcely a waste 
word, the fascinating story is set before the 
rejuler in English typography of exceeding 
beauty. A ix)ii;rait of Mr. Stanley, a map of 



Central Africa to date, and a good index are 
" conspicuous for their absence "; and in the 
concluding pages praise is awarded to more 
than Emin Pasha, which the discriminating 
reader will question. It is instructive, how- 
ever, to note the different views of Emin pre- 
sented by Mr. Stanley and Mr. Little in their 
respective pages. On the whole, the book is 
timely, dignified, and able; and from the first 
page, which pictures the mountain stronghold 
of the native princes of North Wales, the old 
castle with crumbling walls and broken tow- 
ers, and the fortress within whose- precincts 
stands the cottage where Mr. Stanley was bom, 
to the last leaf of the record of his last journey 
through Africa, there is no break in the spell 
which holds the reader like enchantment. 

The Life of Stanley by Mr. H. F. R^ddall 
professes to be no more than a compilation, 
and it gives the facts of Mr. Stanley's career 
with no pretension to literary skill. It shows 
little discrimination, and is interesting only 
from its story. It gives, however, some facts 
not widely known, is cheap and compact in 
form, and may serve a good purpose to those 
who have not time or means for the larger 
biography. It has one excellence which cannot 
be too highly praised — a good profile map of 
Africa, and one of Central Africa from sea to 
sea, giving the reader at a glance the compara- 
tive geography of the whole story, which so 
many of the more elaborate maps in other 
works do not. 

" Scouting for Stanley " shows how a news- 
paper man was desirous of emulating Stanley's 
'^How I found Livingstone" by his own "How 
I found Stanley" when the latter was supposed 
to be lost. His story is one of enterprise and 
pluck not discreditable to himself, and he was 
actually, in spite of the German red-tape by 
which his movements were fettered, the first 
man to reach and greet Stanley on the return 
of the latter to the East Coast. There are clear 
and forcible statements regarding conquest and 
commerce, and chapters on hunting of exceeding 
interest to those fond of sport and adventure. 

The letters of Stanley during his late ex- 
pedition have been edited by the librarian of the 
Royal Geographical Society and published in 
a shilling edition for the use of the British 
workingmen, and are reissued in this country by 
Harper & Brothers. A striking portrait of 
Tippu Tib, " the Bismarck of Central Africa," 
is given, as well as likenesses of Mr. Stanley and 
Emin Pasha. The map of Central Africa is 
too full of details for easy use^nd the book 

Digitized by V^jOC ^ ^ 



1890.] 



THE DIAL 



237 



is not so well adapted to its purpose as one 
for the masses, as an attractive sketch which 
should embody copious extracts from some of 
the less detailed of the letters might be. 

The Life of A. M. Mackay, missionary in 
Uganda, is the latest leaf in the story of Africa. 
The advance sheets of the American issue are 
simultaneous with the appearance of the work 
in England, and many on both sides of the 
Atlantic will be eager to read the brave but 
sad record of him whom Stanley has charac- 
terized as " the best missionary since Living- 
stone." It is a simple record, made up chiefly 
from his journals and letters, by his sister. 
Mr. Mackay was not a clergyman, but an edu- 
cated layman, singularly fitted by nature and 
by a marvellous training for the work for 
Africa which he set himself to do. He was a 
skilful engineer, and maintained that engineer- 
ing is a more natural adjunct to missionary 
work than a knowledge of medicine. His 
hands were all the week occupied with work 
in wood and iron and brick, and there seems 
to have been nothing that he could not do. 
Making roads, building bridges or houses, or 
repairing boats, he yet never lost sight of the 
needs of benighted hearts and minds around 
him, and he cut type, translated and printed 
the Gospels, and taught ceaselessly by word 
and by example. His great work was done 
under circumstances which would have broken 
the stoutest heart. Alone, his bishop and com- 
panions murdered, his converts and servants 
burned or strangled, and himself long in hourly 
expectation of a like cruel death, he wrought 
bravely on, unfaltering and unresting, and with 
no thought of abandoning his post. He died, 
after a brief illness of malarial fever, in Feb- 
ruary, 1890, at the age of forty years, after 
having devoted himself to Africa for fourteen 
years with such wisdom and unselfishness as 
will make his name a household word as far as 
his work is known. 

Minerva B. Norton. 



A Famous Actor's Autobiography.* 

Actor, painter, writer, — Joseph Jefferson 
has proved that mediocrity is not always the 
penalty attached to versatility. In the order 
named, he has achieved success in the three 
pursuits which taste and circumstance have 
allotted to him. It is as an actor that he is 
best known to the world at large, and in this 



* The Autobiography of Joseph Jefferson. 
York : The Century Company. 



New 



calling he has a versatility not generally re- 
cognized ; for while his eminent success in a 
few characters (notably Rip Van Winkle^ 
Caleb Plummer^ and Boh Acres) has attracted 
public attention especially to them, he has in 
his day run the entire gamut of well-known 
parts in legitimate and romantic comedy. As 
a painter he is best known to his intimates, 
since it is largely for his own gratification that 
he takes up his brush ; but the small number 
of pictures he has consented to show the pub- 
lic have been received in New York and Lon- 
don as genuine works of art. And now, at 
three-score, he makes his bow to the public as 
a writer. He tells the story of his own life, 
illumined by the gentleness and grace of char- 
acter and enlivened by the merry humor which 
have endeared him to the American public. 

The Joseph Jefferson of our own time is the 
greatest of four generations of actors. This 
theatrical family, beginning with the days of 
Garrick, has displayed one of the freaks of 
heredity. His great-grandfather was an actor 
of very moderate ability; his grandfather was an 
actor of rare talent ; his father relapsed into the 
commonplace struggle for existence ; and the 
Jefferson of to-day occupies a position not dis- 
puted on the contemporaneous stage. He man- 
ifested the mimic talent when he was a mere 
child, and from the very cradle he has devoted 
his life, through good fortune and ill, during 
the " barn-storming " period and in the height 
of his later triumphs, to the study, the devel- 
opment, and the refinement of his art. His 
career has not been sordid, though his great 
success has thrust wealth as well as honors 
upon him. But he has always had an ambi- 
tion to produce perfect dramatic pictures, and 
to this end he has been lavish in his expend- 
itures and has surrounded himself with a com- 
pany of recognized artists, of whom the famous 
comedians William J. Florence and Mrs. John 
Drew are the leaders. There is no jealousy 
or envy in Joseph Jefferson's character ; he is 
great enough in his art to be magnanimous, — 
and this he has always been to his profession 
and to the public. 

The incidents in an extended public career 
of a man like Jefferson could not fail of them- 
selves to be interesting even if they were re- 
lated in the most commonplace fashion. But 
in the telling of his own story he has given 
free play to the personal characteristics which 
make him so charming a man and so delight- 
ful a companion. The simple straightforward 
style which General Grant adopted in recount- j 

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238 



THE DIAL 



[Dec, 



ing a soldier's career finds its counterpart in 
this autobiography in its reflection of the var- 
ied mental qualities of the writer. It is not 
difficult to read between the lines that Joseph 
Jefferson has a composite character which has 
enabled him to take an interest in all the af- 
fairs of life. He has persistently avoided the 
temptation to obtrude domestic affairs upon 
the reader, and yet it is easy to guess that he 
is essentially a family man with the strongest 
personal attachments. He enjoys the rod and 
the gun none the less because he has always 
been a close student of his art. As an observer 
he is especially acute, and his wide travels have 
furnished him with abundant material in man 
and in nature for his vivid descriptions. His 
memory recalls many personal experiences 
which, though sometimes trifling in themselves, 
assume an individual importance with the hu- 
mor, the humanity, and the consequences which 
he attaches to them. It may almost be sus- 
pected at times that he has drawn upon the 
ample resources of his imagination, and taken 
the licence of the romancer and humorist, to 
color and enliven many of the episodes he re- 
lates ; but he has made the reader doubly his 
debtor by doing so, and his stories are as full 
of ^^ points " as one of his own inimitable por- 
traitures on the stage. 

The public will receive from the Autobiog- 
raphy an insight into Jefferson's character as 
a philosopher which has long been familiar to 
his friends. A very few instances may be cited 
to give the clue. In describing the difference 
between the considerate theatre audience of to- 
day and the unruly mobs of his earlier career 
(pp. 48-49), he writes : 

<< What lies at the foundation of this improvement ? 
People went to church in those days as readily as they 
do now, and the laws were administered quite as rigidly. 
There is only one solution to this problem — the free 
school has done this work." 

And in writing of a critical period of his life 
he says : 

** It has always been my habit, when anything im- 
portant is to be thought over, to get off alone some- 
where in the woods, or to lock myself alone in a room, 
where I can turn the matter over quietly." 

At another period he reflects : 

« Just in the condition that is most desirable for all; 
neither too poor nor too rich, with something to give 
one security in case of accident, constant employment, 
and a moderate income " (p. 303). 

In noting a case in which he had refrained 
from retorting in kind to one of George D. 
Prentice's sarcastic sallies, he adds : 

<< This kind of resistance (self-control) is always the 



best, for one seldom regrets one*s silence upon any sub- 
ject " (p. 331). 

In describing some of his experiences with the 
aristocracy of England, which he does without 
the faintest suspicion of toadyism and also 
without the vulgar assertion of American in- 
depence, he injects the pithy remark : 

" I am satisfied that domestic melancholy sets in with 
the butler; he is the melodramatic villain of society" 
(p. 363). 

Similar evidences of the philosophic bent of 
his mind might be multiplied by extracts from 
the Autobiography, but his friends could quote 
many better instances from everyday inter- 
course. Hei:e is only one, which may be cited 
without betraying any confidence. He has a 
plantation and a winter home in Louisiana, 
where he undertook to raise some cattle. One 
day a neighbor said to him : " Mr. Jefferson, 
don't you know that people are stealing your 
cattle ? I should think you would be worried 
to death." His reply was characteristic : 
^^ Isn't it bad enough to lose the cattle without 
worrying about it ? " It is this spirit of phil- 
osophy which has kept his heart as young and 
his brain as active at sixty years of age as 
when he was a boy. 

Sly humor peeps out in the most unexpected 
places all through the Autobiography. It is 
practicable to give only one or two samples 
here. In describing Laura Keene's success 
in '* Our American Cousin " (in which Jeffer- 
son was the original Asa Trenchard as Sothem 
was the original Dundreary^ he notices the 
rapid increase of her personal splendors "until 
she was ablaze with diamonds," and adds : 

" Whether these were new additions to her impover- 
ished stock of jewelry, or the return of old friends 
which had been parted with in adversity — old friends 
generally leave us under these circumstances — I cannot 
say " (p. 194). 

His descriptions of personal experiences — such 
as taking boxing lessons, his intercourse with 
couriers and ciceroni in foreign lands, the 
laughable mishaps at rehearsal and dramatic 
performances, are always animated and some- 
times irresistibly funny. 

Perhaps one of the most fascinating features 
of the Autobiography for the general reader i» 
the insight into stage life which it offers — the 
furtive glimpses behind the scenes, that unex- 
plored domain of romance and mystery so full 
of interest to the uninitiated. This feature of 
the book is not avowed. The panorama is not 
turned with a crank while the lecturer explains 
the various scenes to the audieiipe. There is 

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1890.] 



THE DIAL 



239 



no formal, cold, and brutal exposure, such as 
an expelled member of a secret society might 
make of the signs and rites of his order. In- 
deed, the comedian turned author may not 
have known what an added attraction this 
phase of his written career would prove to be, 
and yet he has handled it so delicately and ar- 
tistically that he may really have appreciated 
its true value. At all events he has given the 
reader who is only familiar with the front of 
the theatre, with its glare of electric lights, the 
fanfare of its band, and the glamour of gold 
and tinsel, an intimate acquaintance with play- 
writing, play-acting, rehearsals, and the work- 
ing life of those connected with the theatre, 
which the public will enjoy especially. It is 
not in any one part or any one chapter of the 
book that this rare information is revealed; but 
all the while the reader is familiarizing him- 
self with the career of the comedian, he is un- 
consciously acquiring a knowledge of people 
and things he has always desired to have, if 
he is a lover of the stage. The actor who be- 
gan as a child in " jumping Jim Crow " and 
in his time has successfully portrayed all the 
phases of humor, romance, and pathos known 
to the stage (omitting the stilted tragedy which 
is foreign to his nature), could not recount 
the story of his own life without imparting 
both entertaining and instructive information 
about his profession and its adjuncts ; but he 
entertains without donning the cap and bells, 
and he instructs without assuming the spec- 
tacles and rod of the pedagogue. What he 
has to say in various parts of the book about 
the evolution of plays, the elaboration of par- 
ticular characters, the art of acting, the par- 
ticular merits and methods of the great actors 
he has known, the force of dramatic action 
(which he has illustrated so pointedly on pages 
185 and 186), the custom of " starring," the 
combination system of the day, the abuse known 
as " guying," the advantages and absurdities 
of realism, — all this has the value of expe- 
rience, judgment, and artistic temperament, 
which no actor of our time could provide to 
the same extent as Joseph Jefferson. 

It is not easy for one who knows Jefferson 
to write of his work without referring to the 
rare beauty and gentleness of his character as 
a man ; and his book recalls his personal char- 
acteristics at every page. The varied career 
of the actor and the ripe experiences of the 
man of the woild are told with the frankness 
and purity of youth he has preserved through 
life. The mirth of liij) Van Winkle and the 



pathos of Caleb Plummer will be foimd side 
by side in the pages of his book. Colley Gib- 
ber's " A^iology " has long been regarded as 
the Bible of stage literature, but henceforth it 
will take its place as the old Bible, with much 
of the same wrath, envy, and obsolete phil- 
osophy, while Joseph Jefferson's "Autobiog- 
raphy" will be the New Testament of stage life, 
with its spirit of charity, peace, and good-will. 
Colley Gibber was the Verestschagen of stage 
lore ; Joseph Jefferson is its Corot. 

James B. Runnion. 



Recent Books of Fictiox.* 



Mr. Harold Frederic's historical romance of 
the Revolutionary days is one of the most re- 
markable of American novels. Seldom, if ever, 
has a remote period of our history been in- 

*In the Valley. By Harold Frederic. Illustrated. New 
York : Charles Scribner's Sons. 

Sidney. By Margaret Deland, anthor of *^John Ward, 
Preacher.'' Boston : Hoaghton, MiiHin & Co. 

Abdis Claverdem. By Frank R. Stockton, anthor of 
'' Rudder Grange.'' New York : Dodd, Mead & Co. 

The Anolomanl\cs. New York : Cassell Publishing Co. 

The Aztec Tbeasure-House. A Romahce of Contem- 
poraneous Antiquity. By Thomas A. Janvier. Ulnstrated. 
New York : Harper & Brothers. 

Martha Co&ey : A Tale of the Salem Witchcraft. By 
Constance Goddard Du Bois. Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co. 

A Cioabette-Makeb'b Romance. By F. Marion Craw- 
ford. New York : Macmillan & Co. 

A Ward of the Golden Gate. By Bret Harte. Boston: 
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 

The BEVERI4EY8. A Story of Calcutta. By Mary Abbott. 
Chicago : A. C. McClurg A Co. 

The Bridge of the Gods : A Romance of Indian Ore- 
gon. By F. H. Balch. Chicago : A. C. McClurg <& Co. 

The Epicurean. A Tale. By Thomas Moore. Chicago : 
A. C. McClurg & Co. 

Doctor Antonio. By G. D. Ruffini. Chicago : A. C. 
McClurg A Co. 

Port Tarascon. The Last Adventures of the Illustrious 
Tartarin. By Alphonse Daudet. Translated by Henry James. 
New York : Harper & Brothers. 

Rarahu ; or, the Marriage of Lod. By Pierre Loti. Trans- 
lated from the French by Clara Bell. New York : W. S. 
Gottsberger & Co. 

Modern Ghosts. Selected and Translated from the Works 
of Guy de Maupassant, and others. With Introduction by 
George William Curtu. New Fork : Harper & Brothers. 

The Jew. Translated from the Polish of Joseph Ignatius 
Kraszewski, by Linda da Kowalewska. New York : Dodd, 
Mead <& Co. 

The Children of the World. By Paul Heyse. Trans- 
lated from the German. New York : Worthington Company. 

The Chief Justice. By Karl Emil Franzos. New York: 
John W. Lovell Company. 

Sister Philomene. By E. and J. de G^oncourt. Trans- 
lated by Laura Ensor. New York : George Routledge & Sons. 

The Canadians of Old. By Philippe Aubert de Gasp^. 
Translated by Charies G. D. Roberts. New York : D. Ap- 
pletou & Co. 



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240 



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vested with such reality as that given to the 
critical period of the Revolution in this mas- 
terly production. The Mohawk valley, with 
its mingled English, Dutch, and German pop- 
ulation, is the scene of this romance, and the 
action, which begins at a date prior to that of 
Wolfe's attack upon Quebec, is carried on 
through the Revolutionary war period. This 
valley, as Mr. Frederic points out, was the 
really significant battle-ground of the war, and 
if the invasion of the English and their savage 
allies had not been repelled by the settlers the 
battle of Saratoga might have turned out other- 
wise than it did. The repulse of this invasion 
is the climax of Mr. Frederic's narrative, and 
the fierce conflict that turned the scale in the 
interest of the American cause is the subject 
of the exciting closing chapters. The story is 
told with such sympathy, and with so vivid a 
realization of the conditions of life at that time 
and place, that it holds the attention from first 
to last. Many historical characters flit across 
the stage, and to each is accorded his meed of 
praise or censure. Peter Schuyler and other 
Dutch leaders appear as objects of an admira- 
tion that has been unjustly grudged them by 
many writers, and even the memory of Bene- 
dict Arnold is shown to be not wholly black- 
ened by his treason. In its private and per- 
sonal aspects, the story is touching, tender, 
and true. Strong and distinct characterization 
is given to the figures created by the author's 
imagination, and his style is an admirable me- 
dium between the pedantic antiquarianism of 
so many historical novels and the frankly mod- 
em manner of so many others. We are grad- 
ually learning that our own history abounds in 
subjects as romantic and attractive as any to 
be taken from Old World records, and none of 
our writers has better learned this lesson than 
the author of the present volume. 

The first impression produced by ^' Sidney," 
Mrs. Deland's new story, is of the distinctness 
of the individual characters that figure in its 
pages. At least eight persons occupy prom- 
inent positions in the narrative, and each of 
them is distinctly and consistently individual. 
To have secured this effect is a triumph of no 
slight impoiiiance, and Mrs. Deland, in secur- 
ing it, has shown herself an artist of true per- 
ceptions. The second impression is of the 
moral or intellectual weakness of nearly all of 
these characters, for all but two or three of 
them are studies in mental or spiritual pathol- 
ogy ; so that we are confronted in every chap- 
ter with abnormal situations, and the story is 



given a generally morbid tone. In the case 
of the heroine, we must decline to accept as a 
probable type the woman whose whole intel- 
lectual balance is upset by an emotional crisis, 
and who suddenly becomes unreasoning and 
hysterical after having been trained all her 
life in rational thought and self-control. In- 
herited instinct and emotional stress are not 
sufficient to account for a transformation like 
this, and the person who has been educated to 
think clearly does not all at once cease to think 
at all. As a phase, Sidney's conduct, as it ap- 
pears in the closing chapters, would be suf- 
ficiently intelligible, but it will not do as a 
solution. Mrs. Deland introduces a great deal 
of religio-philosophical discussion into her 
novel, as was to be expected, but she seems to 
have no defined and positive doctrine to enun- 
ciate, and so this discussion is aimless and un- 
satisfactory. 

Mr. Stockton's story of "Ardis Claverden " 
offers indications of having been planned as a 
serious romance, but, whatever virtuous resolu- 
tions the author may have made, his irrepres- 
sible and characteristic humor breaks out in 
numerous places. We are glad that it does 
so, for without this humorous light the story 
would be but a commonplace one, such as any 
scribbler can write, whereas in its present form 
it might as well have been published anonym- 
ously, for the evidence of its origin appears on 
every page. Its many absurdities of dialogue 
and situation will, of course, be taken for 
granted by all who are familiar with Mr. Stock- 
ton's manner, and any attempt to discuss seri- 
ously either plot or incident would be the mer- 
est critical folly. But there is one scene — 
that of the duel — in which the absurdity is a 
little too wild. Both duelists fire into the air, 
but one of the balls finds its victim just the 
same, for it falls upon his shoulder and makes 
its way through an inch or two of flesh and 
bone. We suspect, from the way in which the 
matter is treated, that Mr. Stockton really be- 
lieves that a falling bullet is capable of doing 
such disastrous work. The fact is, of course, that 
a bullet falling under these conditions would 
do rather less damage than a good-sized hail- 
stone. We notice also, and with regret, that 
Mr. Stockton is not at all careful with his 
style. We read on page 16 that " Bald Hill, 
the estate of Major Claverden, was a very 
good one," although just what is meant by a 
good hill is not explained. Then, on page 85, 
we read : " The doctor and Mr. Dunworth 
departed, and, as he was takin^-4^^^^ of Ar- 

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dis, the latter found opportunity to say," etc. 
The latter person referre<l to is, strange as it 
may seem, not Ardis, but Mr. Dunworth. Such 
slips as these mar greatly the effect of an other- 
wise good piece of literary work. 

" The Auglomaniacs " is now confessed to, 
we believe, by Mrs. Burton Harrison ; and it 
is a sufficiently clever piece of work to do 
credit to any of our novelists. Although tri- 
fling, and necessarily ephemeral in its interest, 
it holds the attention by its skilful outline por- 
traiture and its many suggestive touches. And 
it is not without its lesson, although that is a 
deeper one than most people will disceni. The 
lesson may l)e found in that undercurrent of 
indignation wliose presence is felt at times — 
indignation excited by the baseness of the ideals 
that many of us set our hearts upon, and that 
divert to ignoble ends lives that might so easily 
be made fair and honorable. 

" The Aztec Treasure-IIouse " is a romance 
of the type made familiar by Mr. Haggard's 
*' King Solomon's Mines " and Professor Mur- 
ray's ^' Gobi or Shamo." The similarity is, 
indeed, a little too pronounced, and the sources 
of inspiration too evident. The scene of Mr. 
Janvier's story is laid in Mexico, but, mutatis 
mutmidlH^ the same sort of things happen to 
his heroes as happen to the adventurous ex- 
plorers of the two romances named. Over 
Mr. Haggard's astonishing production, at least, 
this latest piece of sensationalism has the ad- 
vantage of being written in an acceptable sort 
of literary English, while the interest is equally 
deep and sustained. But we cannot pardon 
the jocular Yankee who figures so prominently 
in the story, and who is about as successful, as 
a humorous creation, as the fellow whom Mr. 
Haggard makes the butt of his forced pleas- 
antries. Then, Mr. Janvier's story drags a 
good deal in its later chapters, and many of its 
minor incidents are wildly absurd. The ab- 
surdity of the main i>lot has, of course, to be 
allowed once for all in a story like this ; but, 
that being admitted, the details should possess 
relative verisimilitude with one another and 
with the general plan. 

" Martha Corey " is " a tale of the Salem 
witchcraft " only in the sense that this famous 
historical delusion enables the writer to pro- 
vide her story with a striking dramatic climax. 
The story begins in England, and its scene is 
transferred to the Massachusetts shore as the 
result of a sort of accident, or game at cross- 
purposes on the part of the leading characters. 
Once brought to American soil, the action of 



the novel, which is mainly one of intrigue and 
thwarted love, progresses rapidly until it be- 
comes complicated by the introduction of the 
witchcraft mania as a motive, when it is brought 
to an abrupt ending, and a tragic ending for 
that one of the characters whose name is borne 
by the volume. The story has much diversity 
of incident, rapid action, and a style which is 
clear and simple, but which makes no preten- 
sion of being antiquarian. Among other fig- 
ures known to history, that of the great Cotton 
Mather puts in an appearance and discourses 
of the wonders of the invisible world. 

"A Cigarette-Maker's Romance " is one of 
Mr. Crawford's trifles, ranking in that respect 
with '^ Marzio's Crucifix." It is the story of 
a few humble people employed in a Munich 
cigarette factory, and of a nobleman in reduced 
circumstances who is forced to gain his bread 
by the same employment. The romance is 
provided by the relation between this noble- 
man and a little Polish girl who loves him, 
and whose devotion is finally rewarded. It is 
a pretty little story, but that is the most that 
may be said for it. And it might easily have 
been told in one-fourth the number of pages. 

" A Ward of the Golden Gate " is the title 
of Mr. Bret Harte's new volume, and the con- 
tents are a single delightful story. The hero- 
ine is a girl whose parentage is questionable, 
and who grows up to womanhood under the 
care of a trust, of which the Mayor of San 
Francisco is, ex officio^ one of the members. 
This gives the girl an amusing variety of 
guardians. Fortunately for her, however, the 
other members of the trust are appointed as 
persons, not as officials, and one of them makes 
it his peculiar business to look after her inter- 
ests. The third, who is a very young man, 
and who does not see his ward until she has 
grown up, provides the story with a hero by 
falling in love with her. What is striking 
about this, as about nearly every one of Mr, 
Harte's later novels, is the fact that it presents 
the old familiar Califomian types of character 
in so attractive and original a light that we 
enjoy them as much as if they were new crea- 
tions. We recognize that we have seen them 
all before, and yet we feel also that we are 
discovering them for the first time. It would 
be hard to name another American writer who 
has given such diversity of interest to so nar- 
row a field of study. After all, when we con- 
sider all that he has done, is not Mr. Haile 
the great American novelist ? — that is, the 
great American novelist of our day ?^Jf he is 

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not, who is ? Surely not Mr. Howells. Of 
all the services done for us by a book like the 
present, the greatest is, perhaps, that it gives 
us a realizing sense of the extent to which our 
minute realists fall short of the real require- 
ments of fiction. 

Two stories of Indian life come to us at the 
same time, but the Indians who figure in them 
are of antipodal varieties. To speak more 
plainly, one of the stories takes us to Calcutta 
and the other to Oregon. " The Beverleys," 
in which Mrs. Abbott has more than fulfilled 
the promise of "Alexia," her earlier novel, is 
an admirable depiction of the social life of the 
official circles among English residents in In- 
dia. The types are carefully studied, and are 
drawn from what is evidently a familiar ac- 
quaintance. The style is animated and highly 
finished. The interest of the narrative is con- 
siderable, and the climaxes are well arranged. 
Almost nothing in the way of adverse criticism 
occurs to us, unless it be that the character of 
the elder Beverley comes dangerously near to 
being unnatural in its baseness. We will also 
remark that Poinsettia is not written with a 
" tz," and that Hughli, as the name of Cal- 
cutta's river, is a spelling that we have never 
met with before. 

" The Bridge of the Gods " is also a remark- 
ably well-written story, besides being valuable 
as a conscientious study of the Columbia In- 
dians of two centuries ago. Mr. Balch has 
availed himself of various sources of informa- 
tion, such as old books of travel, the reminis- 
cences of aged pioneers, antiquarian collections, 
and personal contact with the Indian tribes 
of the Northwest at the present day. The 
story takes its title from a great natural bridge 
which tradition asserts to have spanned the 
Columbia in past times. The stoiy — and it 
is supported by a considerable amount of evi- 
dence — is that the fall of this bridge, when 
" the Great Spirit shook the earth," placed in 
the river bed the obstruction that forms the 
present " cascades " of the Columbia. The 
author says that at present, '' one going out in 
a small boat just above the cascades, and look- 
ing down into the transparent depths, can see 
submerged forest trees beneath him, still stand- 
ing upright as they stood before the bridge 
fell in and the river was raised above them." 
The fall of this bridge, associated with the 
fall of a powerful Indian chieftain, affords the 
climax to Mr. Balch's impressive romance. 
We must not forget to mention the author's 
sympathetic delineation of the white mission- 



ary, Cecil Grey, whose figure fills a prominent 
place in the work. 

Two recent reprints call for a line of com- 
ment. " The Epicurean," while not exactly a 
neglected classic, is not read as frequently as 
it ought to be, a condition of things which we 
trust will be remedied by the inexpensive and 
exquisitely printed edition now to be obtained, 
" Doctor Antonio " was also well deserving of 
a new and handy edition, it having been pre- 
viously accessible only in the Tauchnitz form. 

There is an unusually large number of trans- 
lations among recently published works of fic- 
tion, and many of them are from originals of 
high literary value. We wish that the trans- 
lations themselves might also be credited with 
a high value, but long experience has taught 
us that good translations are not to be ex- 
pected in this world ; that is, as a general thing. 
There are, of course, good ones now and then, 
and a veiy notable example of a good transla- 
tion is the version made by Mr. Henry James 
of the " Port Tarasoon " of Daudet. We have 
not seen the original of this work ; in fact, we 
are not sure that it has yet been published ; but 
Mr. James's translation reads almost as if it 
were an original itself, and who could ask for 
more than that? As for the story, we must 
confess to a slight sense of disappointment. 
The first " Tartarin " had what even " Faust " 
and "Wilhelm Meister" had not, a sequel 
which not only equalled but surpassed the work 
of which it was the continuation. It is given 
to few men to do as much as this ; but it is 
not given even to Alphonse Daudet to provide 
a sequel itself with as excellent a sequel. Al- 
though the hero of the third '* Tartarin " vol- 
ume is shown us under strange skies and start- 
lingly novel conditions, his possibilities as a 
cause of miilUulness are not thereby much 
developed, and we feel all the time that the 
author is straining for effect, something which 
we did not feel even when reading about those 
marvellous Alpine adventures. And then, Poly- 
nesian savages are not pleasant companions. 
They act without regard for the feelings of 
those who are reading about them. And they 
are not men and brothers, as Europeans and 
Arabs are. We can follow with sympathy the 
amorous episodes of the illustrious Tartarin 's 
career when they concern fair Russians or 
fair Moorish maidens, but his marriage with 
the Princess Likiriki does not suit us at all ; 
it takes us too far into the regions of burlesque. 
But then, the book ia4elightful at almost every 
point ; it is less delightful than>its predeces- 
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sors, that is all. And occasional features, such 
as those of Tartarin's assumption of the Na- 
jwleonic character and of his statesmanlike 
grasp of the reins of government upon the is- 
land, are as inimitable as the best things in his 
Algerian and Swiss career. And the illustra- 
tions are as charming as ever, although we 
think the book would have gained in attract- 
iveness by publication in a more compact form. 

Pieri-e Loti's " Rarahu " is a Tahitian idyl, 
and its sub-title, " The Marriage of Loti," is 
to be taken in a Tahitian sense. The work has 
both art and artlessness ; the former in style 
and expression, the latter in form and sequence. 
The picture as a whole is glowing, passionate, 
tropical, and is drawn from intimate personal 
knowledge of Polynesian life. Pierre Loti's 
marvellous style has, of course, suffered a great 
deal at the hands of the translator, but there re- 
main here and there suggestions of the poetry 
and magic of the original. 

People are probably as prone to the relation 
and the enjoyment of ghost stories at the pres- 
ent day as they were at any former time, but 
the ghosts of the modem fancy are not the awe- 
some things that the old-fashioned ghosts were. 
They do, indeed, cause one to shiver a little, 
but the sensation is rather pleasant than other- 
wise, and we know very well that they will 
conduct themselves decorously. So readers 
may open the volume of " Modem Ghosts " 
which Mr, Curtis introduces so charmingly, 
without any fear of their knotted and combined 
locks behaving in an unusual nianner. These 
ghost stories are from a variety of literatures. 
There are half a dozen contributors altogether, 
each, with the exception of M. de Maupassant, 
having a single story. M. de Maupassant has 
two, but their combined ghostliness is not 
greater than that of the single specimen given 
of the work of Sefior de Alarcon, for example. 
Herr Alexander Kielland represents Scandi- 
navian literature in this collection, but we are 
obliged to take him through the German, which 
is very unfortunate. The translations are by 
a variety of hands. 

In "The Jew," translated from the Polish 
of Joseph Ignatius Kraszewski, a new novelist 
is introduced to English readers, and a strong 
piece of characterization placed in their hands. 
It was certainly time that Kraszewski should 
receive the honors of translation, if he were to 
receive them at all, for he was born as long 
ago as 1812, and is one of the most conspicu- 
ous figures in the literature of his nation. In 
productiveness he has been a veritable Dumas 



/>ere, for no less than five hundred volumes, 
stand to his credit in the ledger of Polish lit- 
erature. Revolutionist, professor, and editor,, 
he is one of the most popular men of his age, 
and the celebration, in 1879, of his fiftieth 
(literary) anniversary brought enthusiastic 
crowds of all classes of Poles to Cracow, where 
the festival proceedings were held. So great 
has been his literary influence among his coun- 
trymen that it is said that he "first taught the 
Poles to read." This means that he turned 
their attention from French and other foreign 
literature to the native product, and stimulated 
the cultivation of healthy prose in the place of 
insubstantial verse. As for the work before 
us, it is a picture of Polish society in the years 
just preceding the outbreak of 1863. Although 
the chief character is a Jew, the feeling of the 
work is broadly national, and the Jewish type 
is not the only one that figures prominently in 
the work. The translator seems to have done 
fairly well, although her proper names are 
spelled according to no recognized system. She 
writes, for example, " Moscovie " and " Vol- 
hynie," tells us of things " Varsovien," and 
calls the Russian Decembrists " Decabristes." 
A few paper-covered volumes of foreign fic- 
tion must be singled out from the considerable 
number of those recently published. Herr 
Paul Heyse's " Kinder der Welt " is one of 
the greatest of modem novels, and comes to- 
ns in a translation that seems to be carefully 
prepared. Herr Karl Emil Franzos, the au- 
thor of " Ein Kampf um's Recht," is repre- 
sented by a translation of "Der Prjisident" 
under the title of " The Chief Justice." It is 
a very strong work, and, like " Ein Kampf 
um's Recht," its leading motive is that noblest 
of passions, the passion for justice. With 
Herr Franzos, justice is no mere convention, 
no institution established for and to be set 
aside at our convenience, but a majestic power 
enthroned in the deepest soul of man ; a stern 
and awful presence imposing its commands 
equally upon high and low. And the novelist 
has power to make us share this conception 
with him. We know of nothing more im- 
pressive in recent literature than the horror of 
violated justice as it appears to the man of the 
people, in the earlier novel, and to the exalted 
functionary, the hero of the novel before us. 
A translation of the " Soeur Philomene "of 
the Gon court brothers is made attractive by 
its illustrations, which are in the manner first 
made familiar in the " Tailarin " volumes. 
But the text has little value, being principalli 

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a study of the morbid, and appealing rather 
to the curiosity than the sympathy. Another 
translation from the French — this time from 
the Canadian-French — is the version of Gas- 
pe's " Les Anciens Canadiens " which Pro- 
fessor Roberts has so skilfully made. The 
author of this book was born in 1786 and died 
in 1871. The book itself, which was published 
in 1862, is a picture of La Nouvelle France in 
the days of Montcalm and Wolfe. A novel 
in the artistic sense it assuredly is not, but for 
all that it is a very charming record of the past 
— of a past which lay very close to the youth of 
the writer. "To record some incidents of a well- 
loved past, to chronicle some memories of a 
youth long flown," this, says the author, is the 
whole of his ambition. We may characterize 
the work by a quotation from Professor Rob- 
erts's introduction : " The style is quaint and 
unhurried, with no fear of the printer's devil 
before its eyes. The stream of the narrative, 
while swift enough and direct enough at need, 
is taught to digress into fascinating cross- 
channels of highly colored local tradition, or to 
linger felicitously in eddies of feast and song." 

William Morton Payne. 



Queens, Wits, and Beaux of Society.* 

As far back as pens have known how to 
drip ideas, we have bewailed our decaying Nar- 
tues and extolled the virtues of our ancestors. 
Nevertheless, some of us cling to the faith that 
the world has (in spite of sad slips now and 
then) grown better on the whole. 

To any doubter, I should recommend a course 
of historical reading. To go back no farther 
than through what may be called modem times, 
say to the seventeenth century, let the pessim- 
ist read Anthony Hamilton's Memoirs de Gran- 
mlle^ Pepys' and Evelyn's Journals, and St. 
Simon's Portraits ; and then, creeping down 
toward our time, the letters of Madame de 
S^vign^, of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, of 
Walpole and Chesterfield ; the memoirs of 
Lord Orrery and of Lord Hervey, and Bos- 
well's '' the little Burneys' " gossip about the 
court, and Mrs. Thrale-Piozzi's recollections, 
— so on to the Greville books. If this (which 
is but a slight and, so to speak, conventional 
tour on the highway of history) seem too labor- 

*QuEKN8 OF Society. By Grace and Philip Wharton. 
Ilhistrated. Two volames. Philadelphia : Porter & Coates. 

WiT8 AND Beaux of Society. By Grace and Philip 
Wharton. Illustrated. Two volumes. Philadelphia : Porter 
& Coates. 



lous an undertaking, let him simply read Grace 
and Philip Wharton's " Queens of Society '* 
and " Wits and Beaux of Society." The first 
edition of these works was printed in 1860. 
This year Messrs. Porter & Coates have issued 
them in the most luxurious form, with beauti- 
ful letter-press and exquisite illustrations. The 
four volumes are a delight to the eye — besides 
being, as I have said, a fine antidote to pessim- 
ism ; for if any one can read these books and 
not conclude that our society at its worst is 
more decent than our ancestors' at its best, he 
must have a degi'ee of moral color-blindness* 
The morality in these books is a trifle on 
the boarding-school order : vide this extract 
about the Rolands : 

<< Yes, it is qaite enoagh meed of praise for either Ro- 
laud or his wife to say that they were better than any of 
their celebrated contemporaries ; that their moral charac- 
ters were irreproachable ; that they did not abuse power 
when they gained it, nor seek it selfishly; that they 
were moved by pure principles, and took even their 
most mischievous measures in the belief that they were 
acting right. Compared with Marat and Robespierre 
they were saints; compared with the obscurest Chris- 
tian who does his duty humbly in faith and hope, they 
stand out as demons." 

Why demons? A similar tone of religious 
snobbery and consequent falsity of moral per- 
spective is apparent all through the books. 
Macaulay's favorite Dorset gets rather hard 
measure, while the vilest scoundrel unhung in 
Charles's court — John, Lord Rochester, — be- 
cause he turns coward in the dregs of his life 
and talks religion to the simple-hearted Bur- 
net, escapes with pity rather than stripes. 
Marlborough also, who sold the lives of his 
countrymen and the honor of his country with 
the same complacency that he previously had 
sold his own, is generally called '* the hero.'^ 

But, on the other hand, as a rule the por- 
traits are characterized by an evident desire to 
write impartially and, in general, after a care- 
ful study of authorities, though we miss some 
sufficiently attainable and most valuable books, 
like Orrery's recollections. We may not, also, 
accept some of the judgments of the authors. 
Why should the particularly nauseous *' Bubb 
Dobbington " elbow his coarse features into 
the presence, while the accomplished and bril- 
liant Halifax — Macaulay's Halifax, the great 
"trimmer," — is quite left out, and the grace- 
ful patron of the arts in the next generation 
(Pope's Halifax) is dismissed with a mob of 
the Kit-Kat Club ? Xor is the title of L. E. L. 
to be a Queen of Society very well maintained. 

One cannot help wishing that t^ere had teen 

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more about St. Evremond. Very touching is 
the picture of his old age, still faithful to the 
idol of his youth, seen every day, " a little old 
man in a coif, carried along Pall Mall in a sedan 
chair, to the apartment of Madame Mazarin 
in St. James "; and always taking with him 
that ^^ pound of butter, made in his own little 
dairy, for her breakfast." 

But (which brings us back to the text) none 
of these people were saints. Most of them 
were very vile sinners indeed. It was a day 
when gentlemen oould cheat at cards. De 
Grammont used to brag of his feats in that 
line : and De Grammont was by no means the 
worst of his generation, — though he was hardly 
so brave aa these present biographers would 
paint him. There were, in fact, some ugly 
stories about him. One, it might be expected 
our authors would know ; I refer to that little 
expedition the Hamilton brothers made when 
he was leaving England in a great hurry. 
They overtook the count, and the dialogue was 
brief: " M. le Compte, you have forgotten 
something in London." " Oh yes, gentlemen, a 
thousand pardons ! I have forgotten to marry 
your sister." So he rode back and married 
" the beautiful Hamilton " with the best grace 
in the world. 

Consider the court for a moment : it is a 
court of bows and formal compliments and yet 
inconceivable brutalities ; where fine ladies do 
not always wash their faces, and fine gentlemen 
can be, like Lord Rochester, " not sober for 
five years "; where lords of the privy council 
have drunken brawls, and the elegant wits of 
the court circulate doggerel billingsgate as the 
most elegant amusement of their day. Does 
anyone imagine that our present society, though 
we should take the word of its harshest critic 
for it, deserves to be compared to that com- 
pany of blacklegs and bullies and inexpress- 
ible "ladies of quality " ! 

The next generation is more decent — al- 
though what reader of the " Spectator " and 
the " Tatler " does not recall the jeremiads on 
*'our degenerate manners" I It is better air for 
an honest man's breathing; but bad enough 
it is and continues. Sir Robert Walpole was 
a practical politician, good-natured, jovial, mu- 
nificent, perfectly unscrupulous. There is a 
good portrait of him in the article on Lord 
Hervey, and another in the article on his son 
Horace. Lord Hervey is treated with more 
consideration, let me say in passing, than poor 
Horace, who gets pelted again for Chatterton. 
Bribery rose to the dignity of patriotism. Per- 



haps on that subject it does not become us to 
be too noisy. But still we may certainly con- 
gratulate ourselves on a vital improvement in 
our morals. Our Lord Chesterfields do not 
commend refined vice to their sons. Yet was 
Chesterfield much more than the cynical wit 
that our authors would make him. He was a 
kind master and a merciful ruler, — as is quite 
apparent even in the Whartons' brief sketch. 
And he was capable of affections ; if the false 
philosophy of his time required him to disown 
them, he entertained them in secret. 

The second volume brings us down to the 
threshold of our own times. The orgies of 
good society under the patronage of " the first 
gentleman of Europe " ai*e described with con- 
siderable vividness and some wit, Brummel 
has a good-sized article to himself. Of the 
three beaux described, he is the most contempt- 
ible — not so brutal as Fielding, but a dozen 
times more cowardly ; and not to be compared 
with that good-natured profligate and gambler 
who was the King of Bath. 

Among them all, Sidney Smith, with his 
generous heart and clean wit, is as refreshing 
as a frost in yellow fever times. He is de- 
scribed with actual affection by the writers. 
No wonder : he is an example of a peculiarly 
English type, the man whose spirituality takes 
the form of robust good works rather than 
mystical contemplation. Sidney Smith is a 
lineal descendant, in the spirit, of Latimer and 
Tillotson, of martyrs who were quite equal to 
swinging their swords for the faith, and saints 
who believed in good temper and good dinners 
and warm flannels for the poor. 

The authors are very good-natured to the 
kind-hearted Duchess of Devonshire, in spite 
of her dubious relations with Fox, and that 
wild canvass where she gave a kiss to the 
butcher. They are even more amiable to Lady 
Mary Wortley Montagu, dismissing very cav- 
alierly the sinister gossip about her. And 
they are reasonably kind to Madame de Se- 
vigne. However, they make amends by fall- 
ing upon Madame Recamier, to whom they 
leave very little more than "charm of manner" 
and "a certain show of affection." 

For the other Queens, of whom there are 
nineteen in all, as w^ell as for many delightful 
Wits and Beaux, of whom there are twenty- 
one, I must refer the reader to these most en- 
tertaining and instructive volumes. They teach 
many lessons, but perhaps more than all they 

may teach us Hope. ^ _ 

Octave T^anet. | 

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Holiday Publications. 



Touching the general quality of the Holiday Pub- 
lications of the present season, we note an advance 
in actual worth and serviceableness, especially in 
the line of artistic illustration and substantial make- 
up, indicating, no doubt, a corresponding advance 
in the taste of the public in these matters. Dealers 
^^re no longer called upon to supply an unconscion- 
able demand for the flimsy and garish knick-knack- 
•ery so attractive to children of larger as of smaller 
^owth ; and the over-ornate and unwieldy " table- 
books " — Briareus himself could scarcely have han- 
dled some of them — are giving way to choicely 
bound and illustrated classics proportioned to shelf 
and hand. To the increased demand upon their 
taste, invention, and enterprise, our publishers have 
responded in a way that denotes that one American 
industry, at least, has outgrown the swaddling-clothes 
•of industnal infancy. 

We shall congratulate those of our friends who 
are lucky enough to find a copy of Houghton's new 
edition of Longfellow's *^ Hiawatha " among their 
Christmas gifts, and we wish Longfellow himself 
•could have seen his favorite poem in such a setting. 
The work is elaborately illustrated with twenty-two 
full-page photogravures and four hundred text il- 
lustrations, all by Mr. Frederic Reming^ton, and is 
prefaced by a finely-executed steel portrait of Long- 
fellow. Mr. Remington's exhaustive studies of In- 
dian life and manners have especially fitted him 
for this task, and lend to his illustrations a pho- 
tographic realism rather novel in works of this na- 
ture. Their realism, however, does not prevent 
the illustrations from reflecting adequately the poetic 
charm and pathos of the poem, the touching in- 
cidents of the close of the narrative being treated 
with marked sympathy and grace. A unique fea- 
ture of the volume are the cuts of Indian pipes, 
tomahawks, spears, quivers, arrows, ornaments, etc., 
scattered profusely up and down the margins — 
an arrangement which, though useful, we confess 
does not altogether please us. The photogravures 
are finely done, and the volume, all in all, exhibits 
a high degree of mechanical excellence. 

Messrs. Houghton & Co. also issue, in two comely 
octavos, daintily yet durably bound in green silk, 
an edition of Hawthorne's " Our Old Home " that 
lovers of good books will find hard to resist. These 
little volumes, perfect in form and page, are beauti- 
fully illustrated with photogravures of choice bits 
of £ngHsh scenery, the original photograplis of 
which were taken at the time the material for the 
volume was collected. '* Our Old Home " is the 
literary outcome of Hawthorne's sojourn in England 
from the spring of 1853 to the summer of 1860 — 
years perhaps the happiest, certainly the most suc- 
cessful in point of worldly prosperity, of his life. 
Much of the material composing the sketches in 
this work occurs in an embryonic form in '* The 
English Note Books "; and the present edition is 



annotated with a view of assisting the reader to 
compare the preliminary draft with the finished lit- 
erary product. 

In point of the substantial literary and artistic 
value of their Christmas publications, Messrs. Por- 
ter & Coates take rank this year with the strongest 
of their competitors. Certainly the most fastidious 
will find little to cavil at in their luxurious edition of 
"Romola" — a literary gem well worthy of the 
princely setting they have given it. The work, in 
two small octavos, printed from entirely new plates, 
is illustrated with sixty exquisite photogravures of 
Florentine views, sculpture, paintings, etc., and con- 
tains an excellent portrait of George Eliot. The 
strong local color of" Romola " fits well this style 
of illustration ; and the publishers have done the 
work so thoroughly that scarcely an available nook 
or corner of Florence, or a gem of Florentine art, 
has been neglected. To read " Romola " in this 
edition is almost as good as reading it under the 
shadow of Giotto's tower itself. 

Between the edition of " Romola " just noticed 
and the one issued by Messrs. Estes and Lauriat, the 
purchaser will find it difficult to choose. There is, 
perhaps, a difference in point of print in favor of 
the former ; but the two editions are so similar in 
general form, and of such uniform artistic merit, 
that choice between them is largely a matter of in- 
dividual preference. In the Estes volumes the il- 
lustrations (there are 60 etchings and photo-etch- 
ings) are printed in a variety of delicate tints — a 
feature that will prove attractive to lovers of color. 

Lippincott's holiday list is headed by a stately 
imperial octavo entitled "A Mosaic," which will 
be outranked, probably, by none of the art publica- 
tions of the present season. The work contains 
twenty-two photogravure reproductions of repre- 
sentative paintings by members of the Artists* Fund 
Society of Philadelphia, each plate being accompar- 
nied by an appropriate text in prose or verse. The 
photogravures are excellent, and the designs seem 
to us on the whole decidedly creditable to American 
art. Two of the plates are particularly good : an 
ideal figure of "Art " by Stephen Ferris, and " Mak- 
ing the Harbor " by Jas. B. Sword — a marine with 
finely managed mist effects. The erisemble of the 
volume is exceedingly good — dainty yet durable — 
and will appeal to the fastidious book-lover. 

We fancy that exacting book-buyers will linger 
a good while over copies of Putnam's edition of 
" Holland and Its People," by Edmondo de Amicis, 
before laying them aside. The work itself is a fine 
bit of descriptive writing, true to facts, yet warmed 
and tinged by the ardent imagination of a sym- 
pathetic writer keenly appreciative of the character 
and deeds of the Hollanders who have won their 
soil foot by foot from the ocean, as they have won 
their national existence foot by foot from foreign 
tyranny. But the merits of de Amicis' work are 
sufficiently known. The present translation, by 
Caroline Tilton, seems to be well done; and the 



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oatward features of the book, print, paper, illustra- 
tion, and binding, are of first-rate quality. 

Last year we had occasion to commend a charm- 
ing Sditiem de luxe of Ludovic Hal^vy's "The Abb^ 
Constantin," published by Dodd, Mead & Co. The 
saYne pnbiishers have prepared for the present 
season a no less charming companion volume by 
the same author, " A Marriage for Love." The 
story is a pretty sentimental trifle, with an airy and 
graceful movement that is well kept up in Mr. 
Potter's translation. The illustrations, by Wilson 
de Meza, show some capital figure work, and, 
though somewhat unequal in drawing, are as a 
whole a delight to look upon. The volume is a 
quarto, printed with considerable elegance, and 
bound in a silk portfolio. It takes a high place 
among the more expensive gift books of the year. 
One of the most sumptuous volumes on our list 
is Prang & Co.'s " The Golden Flower Chrysan- 
themum." The gilded splendors of this work quite 
make one's eyes ache. Its most striking features are 
fifteen full-page chromo-lithographs — handsomely 
reproduced from water-color designs by F. Schuyler 
Matthews, J. and S. Callowhill, and Alois Lunzer 
— of that fashionable and prolific flower, the Chrys- 
anthemum, which is shown in all the glory of its 
native hues. Having sufficiently feasted his eyes 
upon pictorial splendors, the purchaser may turn 
for intellectual solace to the poetic muse — the pub- 
lishers having judiciously added to their " Flower 
Show " a number of choice selections from Oliver 
Wendell Holmes, R. H. Stoddard, Browning, £dith 
M. Thomas, and others. 

We believe that Biblical students will find in 
Edward L. Wilson's " In Scripture Lands " (Scrib- 
ner), the most serious and accurate account of the 
Holy Land as it is that has yet been issued, the au- 
thor of the work having conducted his researches 
in the light of modern Biblical topography, and 
having resisted the temptation to sentimentalize 
and overcolor tvO which travellei*s in Palestine usu- 
ally, and not unnaturally, yield. The volume, a 
handsome large octavo, is enriched with 150 illus- 
trations engraved from photographs taken by Mr. 
Wilson himself, who is certainly an expert with the 
camera. The tasteful make-up of the book, and 
the attractiveness of the illustrations, render it an 
appropriate holiday gift. 

The cultured book-buyer will appreciate the un- 
pretentious elegance of Putnam's edition of Mar- 
garet Vere Farrington's charming romance *" Fra 
Lippo Lippi." Fra Filippo is an interesting though 
not very estimable character. A libertine priest, a 
contemporary of Masaccio and the saintly Fra An- 
gelico, his physical and spiritual make-up impelled 
him to side with the ** Naturalists " in the great 
schism then beginning to divide modern art. His 
life is full of dramatic incident — a romance in it^ 
gelf — and affords materials of which our author has 
availed herself with taste and discretion. The il- 
lustrations are fine reproductions of paintings of 



the period — the frontispiece, a portrait of the 
Frate, being one of the best and clearest bits of 
photogravure that we have seen. 

Messrs. Crowell^s handsome new edition of **Jane 
Eyre " is a timely publication. The literary marit 
of Miss Bront^*s powerful novel, its astonishing 
vogue when first published, its strong characteriza- 
tions and gi'uesomely fascinating situations, need 
not be enlarged upon here ; but we may say to any 
who have not read it that it contains the condensed 
essence of a dozen average novels. " Jane Eyre," 
despite occasional lurid effects and exaggerations^ 
is a master-work of fiction, and we are pleased to 
see it in the handsome dress given it in this edition 
— although we must say that the illustrations seem 
to us hardly up to the other features. 

Mr. Greorge Saintsbury's fine translation of M^r- 
im^'s kaleidoscopic tale '^A Chronicle of the Reign 
of Charles IX " is well worthy the sumptuous set- 
ting which the Cassell Company have given it. The 
volume is profusely illustrated with vignettes in the 
French manner after, the spirited <iesigns of Edouard 
Tadouze. The work — a series of dramatic episodes 
and character sketches, rather than a continuous 
narrative — lends itself readily to the illustrator ; 
and M. Tadouze has made the most of his oppor- 
tunities. The same firm issue, in similar foim,. 
Balzac's '< The Chouans," also translated by Mr. 
Saintsbury; but the illustrations in this volume 
seem to us to fall considerably short of those in its 
companion. ' Each work is prefaced by a critical 
sketch, by Mr. Saintsbury, of the respective authors. 

Readers of " Harper's Monthly " will recall with 
pleasure the selections from Wordsworth's Sonnets, 
illustrated by Alfred Parsons, that appeared in that 
magazine some months ago. Messrs. Harper & 
Brothers udw issue the Sonnets in a very handsome 
quarto volume, making one of tlie most acceptable 
gift-books of the season. Mr. Parsons *s drawings 
are, for the most part, exquisite, and admirably 
refflect the restful calm that pervades the verse. 

In their holiday edition of Austin Dobson's **Sun 
Dial" Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. have managed to 
make a pretty large book out of a rather short 
poem. But, thoiigh Mr. Dobson*s airy little verses^ 
seem rather overweighted in so sumptuous a dress, 
the volume is a* beautiful one, with its profuse il- 
lustration in photogravure and with pen-and-ink 
sketches by Geo. Wharton Edwards — the ensemble 
being graceful and in keeping with the text. 

Mrs. John King Van Rensselaer's " The Devil's 
Picture Books" (Dodd) is a work that would as- 
suredly have won the heart of that rigidly con- 
scientious whkst-player, Mrs. Sarah Battle — though 
she would probably have demurred to its title. The 
book is a history of playing-cards compiled from 
the contents of several rare wonks (now out of 
print) on the subject. There are sixteen full-pas^e 
plates in color, and a number of cuts in black and 
white, representing the cards of different nations 
and periods, unique styles and fashions of cards, etc. 

G( 



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Our holiday lUt contains no more charmingly 
dainty and artistic volume than Austin Dobson^s 
^'Memoir of Horace Walpole" (Dodd). The work 
contains eleven etchings by Percy Moran — exquisite 
things of their kind, and easily worth the price of 
the volume — ^besides a number of other plates, il- 
lustrative and decorative. Mr. Dobson's "Memoir" 
is in his usual vein, spiightly and entertaining, and 
well suited to topic and setting. The work, by the 
way, is not a reprint, but was written especially for 
its publishers. 

The tastef ulness and originality which character- 
ize Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s holiday is- 
sues are well exemplified in a dainty edition of 
Mr. Lowell's popular " Vision of Sir Launfal." In 
point of print, paper, and binding, the volume may 
fairly be called exquisite ; and its attractiveness is 
•enhanced by eight tastefully arranged photogravures 
after designs by £. H. Garrett — whose name we do 
not remember to have before seen appended to figure 
drawings. A portrait of Mr. Lowell that will be 
new to most readers — it is from a crayon by Page 
in 1842 — forms an appropriate frontispiece. 

Messrs. Putnam's " Exmoor " edition of "Loma 
Doone," in three dainty, finely-printed volumes, 
ought, we think, to please fastidious admirers of Mr. 
Blackmore's powerful and romantic tale. Our read- 
ers need not be reminded of the character of this 
novel, or of its rank in modem fiction ; but in justice 
to the publishers it should be added that the present 
•edition is an authorized one, duly approved and 
honestly paid for — ^as attested in the author's char- 
acteristic preface. 

Victor Hugo's " Hans of Iceland " — a youthful 
production, written when its author had little ex- 
perience of men and things — although highly es- 
teemed by his countrymen, has been usually omitted 
from American editions of his works. The book, 
however, is not only of considerable intrinsic merit, 
but is important as marking an interesting stage in 
the writer's development ; and we are glad to see 
the handsome edition of it issued by Messrs. Estes 
>& Lauriat. The volume is liberally and accept- 
ably illustrated with etchings, photogravures, and 
half-tone plates from designs by French artists. 

An account of " Our Early Presidents, their Wives 
and Children," written by Mrs. H. T. Upton, is 
published, with profuse illustrations, by D. Lothrop 
•Company. The Presidents included are Washing- 
ton, the Adamses, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and 
Jackson. These are treated in their private rather 
than their public lives ; we are shown their fam- 
ilies, their homes, their surroundings and daily oc- 
cupations, and thus get an idea not only of the 
characters themselves, but of the manners and cus- 
toms of the time in which they lived. As a collec- 
tion of historical portraits alone — most of them re- 
produced from family paintings and miniatures — 
the volume is both interesting and valuable ; while 
its handsome typogi-aphy and cloth-of-gold binding 
will make it a noticeable and acceptable gift-book. 



In " Our New England " (Roberts) Mr. Hamil- 
ton W. Mabie discourses pleasantly and intelligently 
of the familiar scenes of rural New England — her 
trim villages, picturesque nooks, and the changing 
aspects of wood, lane, and meadow, from Spring to 
Spring ; and dwells upon a phase of life very dear 
to many of our best men and women — early days 
in an old-fashioned New England homestead. The 
text is finely supplemented by twelve photogravure 
reproductions of photogi»aplw from nature, which 
are wonderfully beautiful. 

The character of Elizabeth Balch's " Glimpses of 
Old English Homes" (Macmillan) is sufficiently 
explained by its title. The work is clearly and hand- 
somely printed, and is well illustrated with some 
fifty or more wood-cuts. 

" The Poet's Year" (Lothrop) is a decorative ob- 
long quarto, sumptuously bound in gold cloth, con- 
taining over a hundred illustrations, full page, half 
page, and small text cuts, fairly meritorious in de- 
sign and execution. Essentially, the volume is a 
compilation of verses descriptive, severally, of the 
changing aspects of Nature during each of the 
twelve months. The selections have been made by 
Oscar Fay Adams, with much taste, from Long- 
fellow, Tennyson, Wordsworth, Lowell, and others, 
and the striking external appearance and profuse 
illustration of the work will commend it to a large 
class of buyers. 

Many of our readers will remember with pleas- 
ure Mr. M. M. Taylor's etchings in an edition of 
Goldsmith's *^ Deserted Village." The same artist 
has this year illustrated a handsome oblong folio 
volume of '* English Poems" for the Lippincott 
Company. The volume includes among other poems, 
" Flocks and Herds," by Thompson ; " The Lazy 
Mist," by Burns; " Catherina," by Cowper ; and 
"Autumn," by Wordsworth, — all containing well- 
defined bits of description readily transferable to 
the etcher's plate. Mr. Taylor's former good work 
has given us the right to expect a good deal from 
him in this volume, and we are not, on the whole, 
disappointed. 

We confess we did. not expect to see a new edi- 
tion of the perennial " Sheridan's Ride " this season, 
but one appears from the Messrs. Lippincott's press, 
and a very attractive one, too. While the poem is, 
perhaps, a trifle hackneyed, it is stirring, patriotic, 
and popular, and presents opportunities for spirited 
illustration of which the artists have availed them- 
selves acceptably in the present edition. Press- 
work, paper, and binding are of the best. 

Messrs. Estes & Lauriat issue a handsome port- 
folio of a series of portraits of *' Our Great Actors." 
The set comprises Booth as Richelieii., Salvini as 
Macbeth, Jefferson as Bob Acres, Coquelin as Mas- 
carille, Barrett as Francesca da Riminu and Ir- 
ving as Mei)hi8tophele8. Of these, Coquelin as 
Mascarille is decidedly the best, though all are 
characteristic likenesses. Each portrait is printed 
in bright colors and is separately mounted. 

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The delicate tints and gi*aceful exuberance of 
fancy displayed in a chaste oblong quarto entitled 
*' Dreams of the Sea" (Estes) will ensure it a fair 
share of notice. £ach plate is accompanied by an 
appropriate verse — thtf selections being made by 
Lula Mac Whorter. 

An attractive holiday souvenir is Mrs. M. B. M. 
Toland's •* Tiskyac of the Yosemite " (Lippincott) 
— a cleverly-versified Indian myth relating to the 
origin of the Bndal Veil Falls of the Yosemite. 
Tlie poem treats of the love of a young brave for 
the spirit Tiskyac, a theme full of the subtle charm 
of these artless legends of forest and river. The 
volume is finely illustrated by such capable artists 
as Bolton Jones, Herman SiniDn, Henry Sandham, 
and John J. Boyle, and the text is interspersed 
with graceful floral designs in a neutral tint. 

Messrs. Estes & Lauriat's fine edition of Camille 
Flammarion^s astronomical romance — rhapsody is, 
perhaps, the better word — ** Urania," should be fav- 
orably received. Some idea of the character of the 
tale may be inferred from the fact that the author 
is President of the Astronomical Society of France ; 
and we can only say that it is a whimsical yet in- 
forming and suggestive- jumble of scientific truth 
and fantastic conjecture %Mroven into the semblance 
of a romance. The work met with unqualified 
success abroad, the publishers being taxed to meet 
the demand for it. The present edition is liberally 
illustrated with engravings by Guillaume of Paris. 

From the press of the Cassell Company comes a 
handsome edition of Georges Ohnet's well-known 
Tjmance, '* The Soul of Pierre." The translation, 
by Mary J. Serrano, is well done. The illustrar 
tions, although fair, are in some respects rather a 
disa] p )intment — notably in point of drawing. 

In his compilation entitled <^ Christmas in Song, 
Sketch, and Story " (Harper), Mr. J. P. McCaskey 
has shown a good deal of taste in selection and ar- 
rangement. The volume contains nearly 300 songs, 
hymns, and carols, and a number of selections from 
AVallace, Auerbach, Dickens, and Abbott. A num- 
ber of illustrations after Raphael, Murillo, Bou- 
guereau, and Defregger, add to the attractiveness 
of the work, which will make an acceptable Christ- 
mas souvenir. 

A better antidote to the blues could not easily be 
found than " Voces Populi" (Longmans). It is a 
small and inexpensive quarto volume — one of those 
which, opened anywher«,,quickly bring a smile to 
the lips and a twinkle to the eye. That always 
charming writer of facetue^ Mr. F. Anstey, is re- 
sponsible for the text, and Mr. J. Bernard Par- 
tridge for the illustrations. The combination is a 
happy one. and the result is one of the most thor- 
oughly enjoyable books of the season. The con- 
tents of the book originally appeared in " Punch." 

The Frederick A Stokes Company issue the sev- 
enth volume of their popular series entitled " The 
Good Things of Life " this year in an unusually 
tasty cover of gold-stamped cadet gray cloth, with 



broad white band at the top. ^^ Life " is a bright 
little sheet of more refinement than the average 
" comic " paper ; and the selections for the present 
volume seem to have been well made. 

A unique work, and one of considerable interest 
withal, is one entitled '* Curious Creatures in Zool- 
ogy" (Cassell). The work is not a scientific dis- 
sertation, but a compilation from the old natural- 
ists, described by the compiler, Mr. John Ashton, 
as **A collection of Zoological curiosities put to- 
gether to suit the popular taste of to-day." The 
book contains 150 quaint cuts in sepia-tint of the 
strangest monsters imaginable, which suggest that 
the nightmares which afflicted the '^ Old Natural- 
ists " must have been of a specially virulent char- 
acter. 

Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co.'s edition of George 
Sand's pastoral tale ''The Haunted Pool" is a 
tasteful quarto illustrated with fourteen etchings of 
unusually good quality by Rudaux. The transla- 
tion, by Frank Hunter Potter, is commendable, and 
the material features of the book are substantial 
and elegant 

Among Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co.'s tasteful and 
well-chosen reprints are two shapely little duodecimo 
volumes containing George Sand's '*The Gallant 
Lords of Bois Dor^e," translated by Steven Clovis. 
The work is a romantic picture of the provincial 
home life of the French nobility of the first half of 
the 17 th century, and being sufficiently well spiced 
with intrigue, personal adventure, love, and com- 
bats, it forms a good foil to the edition of George 
Sand's idyllic t^e, " The Haunted Pool," noticed 
above. 

'' In and Out of Book and Journal " (Lippincott) 
is a collection of sayings, bright, witty, and senten- 
tious, gathered by A. Sidney Roberts, haphazard, 
from a variety of sources. The reader's enjoyment 
of the text will be heightened by the characteristic, 
semi-humorous, yet always refined, sketches by S. 
W. Van Schaick, which are liberally scattered 
throughout the pages. The volume is a tasteful 
yet inexpensive gift-book. 

A little volume of extracts in prose and verse, 
entitled **The Day's Message" (Roberts), is one 
of the most judicious compilations of the kind that 
we remember to have seen. The book contains a 
page for each day of the year, properly dated, and 
presenting three or four clioice extracts culled from 
a wide range of authors. The painstaking efforts 
of the compiler have been well • seconded by the 
publisher, who oifer the work in a convenient and 
attractive form. 

Three comely duodecimo volmnes, bound in or- 
chid flowered cloth with backs and half sides of 
white vellum cloth, contained in the " Vignette Se- 
ries" (Stokes), merit the attention of those seeking 
tasteful yet moderate-priced gifts. I'he volumes 
comprise : *' Lucile," with 100 illustrations by 
Frank M. Gregory; '*The Princess, and Other 
Poems," by Tennyson, illustrated by Cha^^^oward » 

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[Dec., 



Johnson ; and the ever popular ^' Lalla Rookh," 
illustrated by Thomas Mcllvaine. The poems are 
well printed on good paper, and the vignettes are 
liberally scattered through the text in the French 
style. 

Under the title " Leafy Ways," Messrs. Roberts 
Brothers publish, in a well-bound, well-printed vol- 
ume, a number of brief studies from Nature origin- 
ally contributed by F. H. Knight to the London 
*' Daily News.*' The papers, breathing the mani- 
fold charms of English woods and meadows, are 
well worth reprinting, and their attractiveness is 
enhanced by the nimaerous full-page and text illus- 
trations by £. T. Compton. 

" Thus Think sfcd Smoke Tobacco " (Stokes), a 
XVIL Centuiy rhyme, is one of those curious pub- 
lishers' nondescripts which have evidently taxed the 
ingenuity of designer and illustrator to the utter- 
most. The iUustrations in this volume seem to us 
rather striking than tasteful pr .interesting. The 
"rhymes "are printed on boards, and these are en- 
cased in a tied binding. 

Uniform with their fine edition of Daudet's writ- 
ings — of which ''Kings in £xile " is the latest is- 
sue — Messrs. Routledge & Sons publish Francois 
Copp^e\s " Disillusion ; the Story of AmM^e's 
Youth." The volume is made up in the French 
style, glazed paper, vignettes set in the text, etc., 
and the excellent quality of the illustration, from 
the designs of £mile Bayard, together with the 
generally sumptuous and tasteful material features 
of the book, should render it a welcome addition to 
our holiday display. 

Messrs. Nims & Knight issue, in a fair out- 
ward setting, those two old favorites *' Tramp, 
Tramp, Tramp," and " Tenting on the Old Camp 
Ground." Both volumes are acceptably illustrated, 
and contain, respectively, frontispiece portraits of 
Grenerals Sheridan and Custer. 

One of the prettiest of holiday booklets is Prang's 
'' Summer-Thoughts for Yule Tide," by S. Elgar 
Benet. The illustrations, in colors, by Louis K. 
Hallow, are very tasteful, as is the cover design in 
colors and gold. 

" From an Old Love Letter " (Lee & Shepard) is 
the rather misleading title of a delicate specimen of 
the Dresden china style of book-making, designed and 
decorated by Miss Irene E. Jerome. Each page 
of the little book is richly illuminated in the missal 
style, and contains a quotation in which the spirit 
of divine rather than of human love is manifest. 
The covers, of imitation antique paper, are tied 
with bands of floss silk quaintly secured by a seal. 

From the Frederick A. Stokes Company we have 
received a set of four large and showy water-colors, 
separately mounted and arranged for hanging, en- 
titled respectively : " The Truant on the Beach " 
and **May Day," by J. Pauline Sunter, and "Little 
Folks Wide Awake " and " Little Folks in Dream- 
land," by Maud Humphrey, The reader will easily 
surmise that these drawings represent, in the main, 



children of what may be called the Kate Greenaway 
type — that is to say, nondescript elves in impossible 
situations and costumes, and pink bulbous-headed 
babies acting as no real baby ever might, coukU 
would, or should act. 

Messrs. Prang & Co. have, as usual, a number 
of prettily-designed holiday booklets at moderate 
prices. Among them we notice *'The Spirit of the 
Pine," a nicely-arranged Christmas masque by Es- 
ther B. Tiffany, illustrated by Wm. S. Tiffany; 
** The Winds of the Seasons," verses by Frank T- 
Robinson, and illustrations in tints by L. K. Har- 
low ; *'My Light House," and other poems, by 
Celia Thaxter, illustrated (not very successfully, 
however) by the author; "The Story of a Dory,'* 
told in verse by Edward Everett Hale, and prettily 
illustrated by F. Schuyler Matthews. This last 
production is a curious little thing, the volume be- 
ing cut out in the shape of a dory, and realistically 
fitted out with a mast, anchor, and othor maritime 
appliances. 

The Holiday Calendar seems to have become as 
much an established Christmas fact and concomi- 
tant as the Christmas turkey ; ami this year brings 
the usual grist of these many-hued be-ribboned 
and be-flowered holiday harbingers. Some of the 
prettiest and most convenient we have seen are from 
Messrs. Nims & Knight, notably: ''The Kalen- 
dar from Jap Town," designed by J. Pauline Sun- 
ter, a trim booklet of cardboard leaves ornamented 
with pictures of Japanese life reproduced from 
water-colors, tied with silk cord and tassel, and 
fitted with a tiny silvered chain for hanging ; ** Cal- 
endar of the Birds," also designed by Mrs. Sunter^ 
and similar in form to the above ; '' Calendar of 
the Months," made up of twelve cards, one for each 
month, with appropriate motto and design in col- 
ors ; *' Cosy Corner Calendar," a series of cheerful 
indoor scenes lithographed in colors from designs 
by Nelly O. Lincoln, the leaves tied with white 
ribbon — a pretty and convenient arrangement ; and 
'^ The Seasons Calendar," made up of a separate 
leaf, emblematically decorated, for each season. 



BOOK8 won THE Young, 

Many grown people are unable to look at the 
world from a boy's standpoint, and thus their ap- 
preciation of a boy's nature is meagre and defective. 
Boys and men are too apt to look at each other as 
natural enemies. But there are some men wha 
never lose their sympathy with boyish life; and 
among them we must count Mr. Howells, who 
proves his right to this high position by his record 
of " A Boy's Town " (Harper & Bros.). "^ This story, 
decidedly autobiographical in its character, is full 
of incidents which go right to the heart of a boy, 
as we have practically proved. And in addition to 
its juvenile readers, the mothers and fathers will 
find in it a subtle and symi)athetic study of boy 
nature. Mr. Howells's boy is not^one foumi in 

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Ohio, nor in the Clay and Harrison campaign. 
Just such boys gladden our hearts to-day, shout 
themselves hoarse for their various heroes, and 
form just as many wonderful plans that never come 
t J fulfilment, except so far as a great deal of happi- 
ness may be considered their end. We differ from 
Mr. Howells in his statement that the town crier is 
entirely an institution of the past. In the good old 
town of Nantucket, three years ago, we had the 
pleasure of finding him still extant, and the exact 
counterpart of the one we remember in our old 
New £ngland home. 

The present Indian disturbances in the far North- 
west lend timeliness and interest to Mr. Moorhead^s 
little book, " Wanneta the Sioux" (Dodd). It is 
the story of a young girl just returned from an In- 
dian school, fully alive to the value of what she has 
learned, but still loyal to her own people and her 
wild life in Dakota. The descriptions of the 
country, of the life of the Indians and their cus- 
toms and ceremonies, are excellent ; the vexed ques- 
tion of their relation with the whites is treated with 
fairness and intelligence. But one can hardly con- 
ceive of the wild Sioux chieftains using such ex- 
pressions as " Observe the following instructions," 
or *»The point that I wish to impress upon you," in 
addressing their warriors. The talk of the Indians 
is, in fact, the weak part of the book. The illus- 
trations consist mostly of portraits of the various 
characters that appear in the book, << Rain-in-the- 
Face," ''Sitting-Bull," *' Young-Man-Afraid-of-his 
Horses," and others whose names are familiar since 
the Custer massacre. 

Only second in welcome to a superior new book 
for boys should be an improved edition of a supers 
lor old one. Two happy examples of the latter 
class of publications appear this season in Messrs. 
McClurg & Co.*s new edition of Canon Farrar's 
*' Eric " and Messrs. Crowell & Co.*s new edition 
•of "Tom Brown at Rugby." For thirty years 
ihoae two books have held their own as boys' clas- 
sics. Each was written at about the same time, 
and each depicts the life of a typical English 
ischoolboy of a generation ago. The present edition 
of " Eric " is the twenty-fourth. The book is a 
handsome one, and the text is well supplemented 
by seventy-eight origrinal illustrations by W. Gordon 
Browne. The edition of " Tom Brown " is also 
probably the best that has yet appeared in America. 
The illustrations, engraved by Andrew, are all that 
could be asked for. It would be interesting to 
<!ompare at length the two boys Eric and Tom 
Brown, but space forbids. The two books were writ- 
ten with the same purpose of showing that the tend- 
-ency of the English school system of Tom Brown's 
and Eric's time was to turn out manly, self-reliant 
men ; but we cannot but ^eel that fine characters 
were not developed by means of the harsh discipline, 
but rather in spite of it. 

How much a wide-awake boy can learn out of 
school, and how important a part this plays in his 



education, we are told by Mr. W. 0. Stoddard in 
" Chuck Purdy, the Story of a New York Boy " 
(Lothrop). Chuck, an active and observing boy, 
who somehow always fails to distinguish himself in 
school, has his ambition aroused by his success in 
every-day life, as he works in his father's grocery 
store, and begins to realize the worth of education 
by its uses. He reaches the conclusion that one 
should have studied languages in Babel to be able 
to " tend " in a New York grocery. He is inspired 
to electrify hi& school audience by '* Old Ironsides," 
after he has become filled with the spirit of the 
poem by wandering among the three-masters in 
E!vst River. And as a result of all this practical 
experience, his school work prospers, with substan- 
tial and enduring results. 

To the average boy, thirsting for adventure. 
Grant Allen's " Wednesday the Tenth " (Lothrop) 
will prove very acceptable. The scene of the tale 
is laid in the South Pacific, and the central fact is 
the rescue of missionaries from massacre by natives. 
The peculiar name involves the question of the rela- 
tion of time to longitude. To older readers the 
book shows many defects in style — involved sen- 
tences with superfluous words, and irrelevant 
phrases which weaken the descriptions. The story, 
though ostensibly told by a seafaring man, is neither 
true to sailor talk nor to that of a landsman, but is 
a nondescript mixture of both. The book contains, 
however, nothing harmful, and the situations are 
sufficiently tragical to suit the most exacting boy. 

Pictures of the olden time, more or less success- 
ful, are appearing nearly every year ; and among 
them we note "Little Great Grandmother," by 
Mrs. Herbert Martin, author of " Bonnie Leslie," 
illustrated by S. Chantrey Corbould, and published 
by Routledge. This story is an attempt to portray 
the life of a little English lady, brought up with all 
the etiquette of her times, and with back-board and 
sampler — only in this case the samplers are exempli- 
fied by endless fine sewed seams, not for use, but 
for discipline. The story is a success in so far as 
it attempts to depict the formal life and narrow in- 
terests of the little girl of long ago, and the lawless 
and irresponsible career of the country squire and 
his son, whose only relation to their tenants, except- 
ing festival times of lavish charity, is that of a heart- 
less and grinding master. The illustrations are 
pleasing, especially as they represent Lady Betty ; 
but why sea^views are used as head-pieces for the 
chapters, one is at a loss to discover — for no word 
of the sea is in the book. 

That always welcome Writer for the young, Nora 
Perry, gives us this year "Another Flock of Girls" 
(Litde, Brown <& Co.). The opening story of the 
volume, " May Bartlett's Stepmother," has already 
been approved by the readers of " St. Nicholas," 
and we agree with their verdict. " A New Year's 
Call " also deserves mention, dealing as it does with 
the flimsiness of many artificial social distinctions. 
The other stories in this collection have less merit, j 

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[Dec, 



but will doubtless prove interesting to the majority 
of youthful readers. 

Among the books which are suited to children 
all the way from ten to threescore and ten, we may 
class A. G. Plympton's " Dear Daughter Dorothy " 
(Roberts Brothers). The children proper will find 
it a bright and entertaining story, abounding in 
amusing incident and surprising situations ; and the 
children of older growth will view it as a truthful 
and interesting study of quaint child life, skilfully 
drawn and consistently maintained throughout. 

There are some books which appear under the 
guise of juveniles, but are really much better suited 
to more mature readers on account of the emotions 
with which they deal. In this class we should place 
** Zoe," by the author of ** Miss Toosey's Mission " 
(Roberts Brothers). A small waif of a gypsy is 
the leading character, but the one whose actions 
and emotions form the chief feature of the book is 
Mr. Robins, the organist, who refuses to own the 
little stranger, although believing him to be his 
grandchild. The gradual softening of heart, brought 
about by the baby, is well portrayed ; and the cheeri- 
ness in the closing scene is a legitimate result of 
this change. 

The story part of history is about all that a child 
should be expected to grasp, and good historical 
stories for children are always in demand. In some 
respects we may place in this class Ruth Ogden's 
'*A Loyal Little Redcoat'* (Stokes). The story 
has some vivid descriptions of New York and vicin- 
ity in the old colonial days, the localities being 
identified with their present positions. It is a 
bright and interesting story, and sure to please 
young people. The illustrations are many and ad- 
mirable, and add materially to the interest of the 
book. 

This season, still another is added to the long 
series of Elsie books by Martha Finley — ** Elsie 
Yachting with the Raymonds " (Dodd). The char- 
acter of these stories is so well known that no com- 
ment is needed, except that this volume differs from 
many of the others by containing more facts and 
less moralizing. It begins with a trip down the 
Hudson, then to Newport, and later in a yacht 
along the New England coast, introducing through- 
out these trips the history of the localities, told in 
interesting narrative to the children. 

The child who loves Nature often gives person- 
ality to his companions of the woods and fields. 
To him, as to Emerson, the ** branches speak Ital- 
ian, English, Basque, Castilian." By such children 
Lily Wesselhoeft's '* The Winds, the Woods, and 
the Wanderer " (Roberts Bros.) will be appreciated. 
The story is based on the affection of Nature for a 
little boy, whose guardian, not appreciating his ar- 
tistic powers, wishes to educate him to be a busi- 
ness man. Through all the vicissitudes brought 
about by this misunderstanding, he is constantly 
watched over by his friends of the woods and fields, 
and by an Indian boy who shares his kinship with 



Nature. The plot is well sustained, and the style 
bright and picturesque. 

A very pleasing and instructive little manual for 
beginners in object-drawing is issued by Roberta 
Brothers. The author, Christine Champlin BiTish, 
embodies her teaching in a simple story, telling how 
a little country girl learned to draw the common 
objects around her. The directions are clear and 
practical, and the use of a framed pane of glass 
seems to us a very happy idea. The author has 
kindly stated in her preface that she should be glad 
to answer any questions sent through her publishers 
in regard to difficulties not sufficiently explained in 
the book. 

One of the daintiest bits of coloring and artistic 
design for children grreets us this season in ''Rhymes 
for Little Readers,'* lithographed from original 
water-colors by Miss A. W. Adams. In addition to 
the inherent charm of the pictures, we have heavy 
paper and handsome print, and appropriate rhymes 
for each picture, both familiar and new, but all 
with the marked rhythm sure to please a child's 
fancy. (Lothi'op.) 

Eleven stories of varying degrees of merit are 
contained in Louise Chandler Moulton's ** Stories 
Told at Twilight" (Roberts Brothers). The slen- 
der thread of these stories is somewhat marred by 
sentimentality and obscured by badly constructed 
sentences. In fact, some of them, which occnjiy 
half a dozen pages, would be much more accept- 
able if condensed into one. 

It is well that in the preparation of books for 
Christmas, the younger children should not be for- 
gotten ; and Mary Lee Eldridge has given them a 
treat in "Mrs. Muff and Her Friends " (De Wolfe. 
Fiske & Co.), a pleasing collection of stories, 
principally about the animals on a farm and how 
they try to manage their own affairs. We wish, 
however, she had read *• Black Beauty "and pro- 
fitted by it in her account of breaking the Shetland 
pony. The cat " Muff "is by her nature and posi- 
tion the prime mover in all the animals' affairs, and 
we have some interesting experiences of her brother, 
Molly Garfield's cat of the White House. How 
the (^ildren mistook a bear for Santa Claus is es- 
pecially pleasing in its illustration. The book is 
made both acceptable and useful by strong paper, 
good print, and several interesting pictures. 

J. T. Trowbridge's books are too well known to 
need comment, and are always sure of a welcome 
from the boys. The latest one, " The Kelp Gath- 
erers " (Lee & Shepard), is a story of the Maine 
coast. The plot is simple, but carefully worked 
out, and in the end the good triumphs, according to 
Trowbridge's usual plan. 

Mr. Boyesen gives us this season another storj- 
in the wonted style which has proved so acceptable 
to juvenile readers — -Against Heavy Odds" (Scrili- 
ner). Its scene is laid in a fishing village on the 
coast of Norway. The old magnate of the village 
has lost all his property through the villainy of his 

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THE DIAL 



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clerk, who succeeds to his high position and in- 
fluence, and uses his power to oppress his poorer 
neighhors. Ingoman Vang, the son of the ruined 
man, has invented a wonderful harpoon, which is 
to revolutionize the whale-fishing and retrieve their 
ruined fortunes. His way to success, heset with 
difficulties and snares by his enemies, furnishes an 
interesting and well-sustained plot. 

The idea that everything we learn may sometime 
be turned to good account, is carried out in W. O. 
Stoddard's "Crowded Out o' Crofield " (Apple- 
ton), which has been running through "St. Nich- 
olas " the past year, and is now issued in book 
form. It is the experiences of a country boy in 
New York, and shows how a quick-witted energetic 
boy carries in himself the secret of success. The 
story is bright, interesting, and natural and improv- 
ing reading for any boy. It is illustrated with clear 
and effective wood-cuts. 

Stories of a miner's life in the Rocky Mountains 
are so numerous, and often given with such rosy 
coloring, that a tale like Ernest Ingersoll's " Silver 
Caves " (Dodd) is truly refreshing, leaving out as 
it does the romantic element, and giving a plain 
record of the daily toil and dangers of this isolated 
life. In thiSfStory of the various difficulties which 
beset the path of the young miner in his attempt 
to hold and develop his claim, the murderous and 
unscrupulous nature of the rough border settler is 
well portrayed. The illustrations, especially the 
landscapes, are quite good. 

The boys who were last year fascinated by " Kib- 
boo Ganey " will be no less pleased to know that 
Walter Wentworth has prepared a sequel in »* The 
Drifting Island'' (Roberts), the same island that 
figured in " Kibboo Ganey." This book deals with 
the same characters — Colonel Leslie, Bob, Ted, and 
the dog Jack, and foremost of all. Nap, the lost 
chief, for whose rescue from the slave hunters the 
expedition is undertaken. The story is told in good 
English, and will be an acceptable addition to any 
boy's library. 

Around Normandy, and especially around Mt. 
St. Michael, stories of chivalry naturally cluster; 
and this is the scene of Marguerite Bou vet's story 
of " Sweet William " (McClurg). This has for its 
theme the time-honored one of the jealousy of an 
elder son for his younger brother. There are tra- 
gedies in consequence, which, however, end satis- 
factorily. There are good picturesque descriptions 
and life-like delineations of character, and the plot 
is interesting and well carried out. 

Alice Weber's *' When I'm a Man, or Little St. 
Christopher" (Dutton & Co.) is the story of a lit- 
tle boy who wants to become a strong man that his 
father may be proud of him. He learns from his 
namesake ** Christopher coucharvt^'' he being " Chris- 
topher rampant" the lesson that a strong man is 
one who endures and is cheerful under great bodily 
weakness, as well as one who goes out to do battle 
with the world. The principal character of the 



book is the delightfully natural and manly little 
boy Christopher, and the scene is a seaside and 
country home in England. But besides the boy 
we have a circle of just such grown people as it i* 
good for a boy to be with, and chief among them 
Christopher's invalid friend, '*Mr. Sandy." The 
many ups and downs of the two children, Chris- 
topher and Eruline, in their search for adventure, 
especially in their expedition to destroy the fabu- 
lous *' scarker," are delightful reading, full of Chris- 
topher's quaint, bright ideas. The illustrations are 
both pleasing and appropriate. 

One feels the breath of the sea and the roar of 
the breakers in Laura E. Richards's <' Captain 
January" (Estes), a well-written story of a light- 
house island on the Maine Coast. Here, among 
'*• the winds and the waves and the wild uproar," 
lives Captain January, the lighthouse keeper, and 
Uttle <* Star," a beautiful child who as a baby waa 
washed ashore from a wreck. Captain January's, 
character as a genuine sailor is especially well 
drawn, and his talk and maxims are typical of a 
man of strong feelings, shrewd common-sense, and 
manliness. His doctrine that it takes but three 
things to bring up a baby, ** The Lord's help, com- 
mon-sense, and a cow," works well in such hands 
as his. The story of his island life, where he edu- 
cates *^ Star " from the Bible and Shakespeare, ia 
full of bright touches of wit and wisdom, as well as 
pictui'esque description. 

Children's lives are often directed by some prin- 
ciples entirely apart from the thoughts of their 
elders. We find such an instance in Stella Austin's, 
story of '*Paul and his FiitT.d, a Story for Children 
and the Childlike" (Datton), with sixteen illustra- 
tions by Sebastian Gatjs. Two philosophical little 
twins, Paul and Paulina, are firmly impressed with 
the truth of the old German fairy story of ** The 
Cold Heart " — the story that runs through so many 
languages and times, of the man who sold his heart 
to an evil spirit for the sake of wordly prosperity, 
and at length, after long years of wealth and mis- 
ery, by true repentance regains his own warm beat- 
ing heart, and with it his sympathy for his fellow- 
men. The children's faith in this story leads them 
to look with compassion on those who are harsh and 
hard in their dealings with others, as being com- 
pelled to this course by their cold heart ; and on 
the results of this compassion depend the thread of 
the story. The scene is laid first in a wealthy En- 
glish home, and later, when the children lose their 
fortune, in a French village, where their father sup- 
ports them by his paintings, and the children still 
I lead a joyous life. Taken all in all, it is a sweet 
and refreshing story, pleasing in description and 
true throughout to the personality of its hero and 
heroine. The illustrations are quite good, but rather 
monotonous in tone. 

Though a certain class of persons have pene- 
trated the mysteries of Theosophy, or think they 
have done so, it hardly seems probable tha);.4^ldren ^ 

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will be interested in such speculations as Mrs. J. 
-Campbell Ver Planck has set forth in her " Won- 
der Light and Other Tales ; True Philosophy for 
•Children," dedicated to Helena Petrovna Blavat- 
sky. The field for a child's healthy mental work 
is the visible and the tangible, and whatever spec- 
ulations grow out of these will have a strict and 
logical connection with the real. This we can 
hardly say of Mrs. CampbelFs so-called philosophy, 
and we heartily sympathize with the little boy on 
whom all these theories are poured out, when he 
says, " Make me understand better, dear Light." 
Through the whole book the child's common-sense 
is far superior to the writer's philosophy. There 
•are many good ideas scattered through the book, 
but, obscured by mysticism, they would fail to ap- 
peal to the mind of a child as they might in some 
other connection. We cannot too decidedly de- 
precate the spirit of the first chapter, in which the 
false relation of the father and mother is appar- 
ently gloated over. Neither do we consider that 
b:id grammar put into the child's mouth makes him 
Appear more childlike. 

For a unique and entertaining fairy book, we 
would recommend Mabel Louise Fuller's '*In Poppy 
Land " (De Wolfe, Fiske & Co.) This is a collec- 
tion of seven new fairy stories of the good old fash- 
ioned type, in which all sorts of impossibilities are 
made possible. Hei'e flourishes the griffin who is 
really an enchanted prince, the serpent stone with 
its wonderful transforming power, the magic mir- 
ror, and the fascinating fairy devices. We are at 
a loss to name the best story when all are so good, 
but " The Princess Astra " and " The Fascinating 
'Griffin " are among the best 

IngersoU Lockwood's "Little Giant Boab and 
his Talking Raven Tabib " (Lee & Shepard) is a 
mirth-provoking account of a descendant of Pepin 
the Little, who is supposed to inherit many of his 
wonderful traits from his illustrious ancestry. At 
least, so the preface tells us, and kindly adds that 
we may treat these truly Munchausen adventures 
like other " Castles in Spain " and accept or reject 
them. But whichever we may do, the humor and 
genuine sense of the ridiculous which pervades the 
book ensures much enjoyment for the reader, es- 
pecially if read in company of appreciative friends. 
The many illustrations by Clifton Johnson add 
greatly to the text, being clear, forcible, and gro- 
tesque. 

'f Maroussia, a Maid of Ukraine " ( Dodd ), trans- 
lated from the French of P. J. Stahl by Cornelia 
W. Cyr, is a thrilling story of the heroic stniggle 
for independence of the inhabitants of Ukraine, 
more than a hundred years ago. The book, how- 
ever, is not a tale of bloody battles, but of peasant- 
life on the grassy steppes and in the forest. The 
Htory is told with simplicity and strength. 

In her "Children of the Castle" (Macmillan), 
Mrs. Moles worth deals with real flesh-and-blood 
children. The story, however, partakes of the fanci- 



ful and fairy-like. The fairy princess Forget-me- 
not resides in the west turret of the castle and in- 
terests herself in the welfare of the children, whom 
she spirits from place to place in her misty blue 
mantle, almost as intangible as the golden mist of 
Fouqu^'s Aslanga. There is a moral, but so skil- 
fully concealed in the story that it will be useful 
and not offensive. 

Grace Denio Litchfield has collected a number 
of her stories, which have already given much 
pleasure to the readew of " The Century," " The 
Atlantic," "All the Year Round," and "The In- 
dependent," into a volume, with the title * Little 
Venice, and Other Stories" (Putnam). The stories 
are well worthy a more permanent, form than a 
periodical can afford. In " Little Venice " one is 
at loss which to appreciate most — the wonderful 
description of the marshes, with the ever-varying 
tints and silvery water paths, or the delineations of 
human character and passions. Altogether the sto- 
ries are admirable in their pathos and their merri- 
ment, and we close the book with a desire for more. 

In war literature for the young, the season brings 
the closing volume of C. C Coffin's admirable se- 
ries covering the whole period of the CivU War. 
The present volume is called " Freedom Triumph- 
ant " (Harper), and covers the period from Sep- 
tember, 1864, to the end of the Rebellion. Mr. 
Willis J. Abbot presents his annual war book, un- 
der the title of " Battle Fields and Camp Fires " 
( Dodd). It is a narrative of the principal military 
operations of the Civil War. " Rodney the Parti- 
san " ( Porter & Coates ) is a continuation of Cas- 
tlemon's war series. All the above are profusely 
illustrated. "The Grand Army Picture Book" 
( Routledge ) presents brief descriptions of the lead- 
ing events of the war, with large illustrations, many 
of them in colors. 

Two charming picture-books in colors are "Baby 
Sweethearts" and "Tiny Toddlers" (Stokes). They 
are large folios, containing sketches in color uid 
outline by Maud Humphrey, with verses by Helen 
Gray Cone. The baby faces and figures are very 
winning, and the volumes are a credit to their 
publisher. " Two Little Tots on their Way through 
the Year " ( Stokes ) is a dainty little volume con- 
taining new pictures in colors by Pauline Sunter, 
and new verses by Josephine Pollard. Another 
book in colors that might almost be called unique 
is " Good Children and Bad " (Cassell), illustrated 
by M..B. de Monvel. It contains some most spir- 
ited object-lessons in manners, and points its moral 
in a quite irresistible way for both good children 
and bad. 

We have room for only a word of praise — ^but it 
is a hearty one — for Palmer Cox's "Another 
Brownie Book" (Century Co.), a continuation or 
extension of his " Brownie B;>ok " of last year, and, 
like it, irresistibly attractive to young folks. Other 
commendable story-baoks, which we have space 
only to enumerate, are — *' Struggling Upward'* 

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(Porter & Coates), a new yolame in the " Way to 
Success " series, by Horatio Alger, Jr.; the " Cabin 
in the Clearing ** (Porter & Coates), by Edward S. 
Ellis, in the " Wyoming Series "; " Santa Claus on 
a Lark, and other Cliristmas Stories" (Century 
Co.), by Washington Gladden; "Half Hours in 
Story Land " (Nims & Knight), a series of stories 
by Lynde Palmer ; " Horse Stories, and Stories of 
Other Animals " (Cassell), by Thomas W. Knox ; 
*• Chivalry" (Rontledge), translated from the French 
of L^n Gautier, by Henry Frith ; " English Fairy 
Tales " (Putnam), collected by Joseph Jacobs, and 
illustrated by John D. Batten ; and a new edition of 
** Swiss Family Robinson " (Rontledge), with pro- 
fuse illustrations, many of them in colors. 

The annual crop of travels, etc., for the young 
* yields this year Colonel Knox's " Boy Travellers 
in Great Britain and L*eland" (Harper); Heze- 
kiah Butterworth*s " Zig-Zag Journeys in the 
Great Northwest" (Estes); Miss Champney's <'Three 
Vassar Girls in Switzerland" (Estes); and Jules 
Veme*8 "Caesar Cascabel" (Cassell), being some 
remarkable adventures in America, Alaska, and 
Russia. All these are, of course, freely illustrated. 

Bound volumes of the juvenile periodicals for 
1890 include the familiar favorites " St. Nicholas " 
(Century Co.) ; "Harper's Young People" (Har- 
per); ''Wide Awake" (Lothrop); "Chatterbox" 
(Estes); and the "Pansy" and "Babyland" 
(Lothrop). 

We find our allotted space exhausted, with a con- 
siderable pile of juvenile books remaining on our 
table, many of them meritorious and worthy of 
more extended mention than it is possible to give 
them. "The Story Hour" (Houghton) is an at- 
tractive little volume " for the home and the kinder- 
garten," written by Kate Douglas Wiggin and 
Nora A. Smith; the illustrations are particularly 
commendable. " Rosebud " (Rontledge) is an es- 
sentially English story, written by Mrs. Adam Ac- 
ton. " Gyppy, an Obituary," by Helen E. Starrett, 
is an affecting little sketch of a dog, written with 
an admirable humane motive ; it has an introduc- 
tion by Frances Power Cobbe, and is published by 
Searle & Grorton, Chicago. " Little Jarvis " ( Ap- 
pleton) is a spirited story of the U. S. Frigate 
" Constellation," written by Molly Elliot Seawell, 
and illustrated by J. O. Davidson and Geo. Whar- 
ton Edwards. " The Lion City of Africa " ( Lo- 
throp) contains good descriptions in story form, 
written by Willis Boyd Allen, and profujsely illus- 
trated. " The Humming Top, or Debit and Credit 
in the Next Wprld " ( Stokes ), is a translation from 
the Gremian of Theobald Grosse, by Blanche Willis 
Howard. "A Real Robinson Crusoe" (Lothrop) 
is a " strange and moving tale "by J. A. Wilkin- 
son. " Dollikins and tlie Miser" (Lothrop) is a 
story of the home missionary labors of a little girl, 
written by Frances Eaton. " Through Thick and 
Thin " ( Estes ) is a story of " school days at St. 
Egbert's," by Laurence H. Frances. 



Books of the Moxth. 



[The following list includes all books received by The Diai, 
duritig the month qf November, 1890,] 

ILLUSTRATED HOLIDAY BOOKS. 

A Marriaere for Love. By Ludoric Hal^yy, author of 
"• The AbM CoiistaDtin.'' Truwlated by Frank Hunter 
Potter. Blustrated by Wilson de Meza. Edition de Luxe, 
4to, pp. 98, in silk portfolio. Dodd, Mead <& Co. $10.00. 

The Golden Flower— Chrysanthemum : Verses by vari- 
ous Poets. Collected and Embellished by F. Schuyler 
Mathews. With Reproductions in watei^MiIors of Studies 
from Nature. 4to, ^t edg^es. L. Praner <& Co. $10.00. 

The Ghouans. By H, de Balzac. Newly translated into 
English by G^rs:e Saintsbury. With 100 eugnntvings by 
L^veill^, luter dntwings by Jnlien le Blant. 4to, pp. 418, 
gUt top. CasseU Pub'g Co. $7.50. 

A Chronicle of the Be/kgn of Charles IX. By Prosper 
M^run^. Newly translated into English by Geoige 
Saintsbury. With 110 illustrations by Edouard Toudouze. 
4to, pp. 309, uncut, gilt top. Caasell Pub'g Co. $7.50. 

A History of Greek Ldterature. By Thomas Sergeant 
Peny. author oi " English Literature in the 18th Cen- 
tury." Illustrated, law 8vo, pp. 877, g^lt top. Henry 
Holt <& Co. $7.50. 

The Sun Dial: A Poem. Bv Austin Dobson. With Draw- 
ings and Decorations by George Wharton Eldwards. 4to, 
gUttop. Dodd, Mead <& Co. $7.50. 

Bomola. By George Eliot. Blustrated with 60 Photo- 
grayures. Florentine Edition. 2 vols., sm. 8vo, gilt top, 
slip coyers. Porter <& Coates. $6.00. 

The Poets' Year: Original and Selected Poems Embody- 
ing the Spirit of the Seasons. Edited by Oscar Fay 
Adams. 6yer 100 Illnstrations. Oblong 4to, full gilt. 
D. Lothrop Company. $6.00. 

A Selection from the Somiets of William Wordsworth. 
With numerous Illustrations by Alfred Parsons. 4to, pp. 
90, gilt edges. Harper & Bros. Leather, $5.00. 

Queens of Society. By Grace and Philip Wharton. Bins- 
tratod with 18 Photogravures. 2 vols., sm. 8yo, gilt tops. 
Porter & Coates. $5.00. 

Wits and Beaux of Society. By Grace and Philip Whar- 
ton. Illustrated with 20 Photogravores. 2 vols., sm. 8yo, 
gilt top. Porter <& Coates. $5.00. 

The Haunted Pool (La Mare au Diable). From the French 
of George Sand, by Frank Hunter Potter. With 14 
etchings by Rudaux. 4to, pp. 180, uncut, gilt top. Dodd, 
Mead <& Co. $5.00. 

The Deyil's Picture Books. A History of Plaving Cards. 
By 'Mn. John King yan Rensselaer, author of ** Crochet 
Lace.^' Blostrated, 4to, pp. 207, uncut, gilt top. Dodd, 
Mead <& Co. $5.00. 

Our Early Presidents, Their Wiyes and Children. From 
Washington to Jackson. By Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton. 
Illustrated, 4to, pp. 305, full gilt. D. Lothrop Co. $4.00. 

Loma Doone : A Romance of Eaonoor. By R. D. Black- 
more, author of ** Cradock Nowell.*^ With new Preface 
by ^e author. Exmoor edition, '^ yols., 12mo, uncut, 
gut tops. G. P. Putnam^sSons. $3.75. 

Glimpses of Old Enerllsh Homes. By Elizabeth Balch. 
With 51 Blustrations, 4to, pp. 22:^. Maomillan & Co. 
$3.50. 

Curious Creatures in Zoology. By John Ashton. With 
1.% Illustrations, 8yo, pp. :m, gilt top. Cassell Pub'g 
Co. $3.50. 

The Gallant Lords of Bois-Dor^e. By George Sand. Trans- 
lated from the French by Steven Clovis. 2 yols., 12mo, 
gilt top. Dodd, Mead <& Co. $3.00. 

The Last Days of Pompeii. By Edward Bulwer, Lord 
Lytton. Illustrated, large 8vo, pp. 4()1. George Rout- 
ledge <& Sons. $3.00. 

Fra Lippo Uppi. By Margaret Vere Farrington, author of 
" Tales of King Arthur." 14 Photogravure Illustrations. 
8yo, pp. 225, uncut, gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50. 

Christmas in Song, Sketch, and Story : Nearly fiOO Christ- 
mas Songs, Hymns, and Carols. Selected by J. P. Mc- 
Caskey, author of *' Harper's Franklin Square Song Col- 
leetion.'' Illustrated, 4to, pp. 320. Harper & Brothers. 
$2.50. 

" Thus Think and Smoke Tobaooo.*' A Seventeenth Cen- 
tury Rhyme, with Drawings and Decorations by George 
Wharton Edwards. 4to,fullgUt. F. A. Stokes Co. $2.ri0. 



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Vooee PopuU. Reprinted from '' Panoh." By F. Anstoy, 

author of ''Vice Vezaft.*' Dliigtnted by J. Benuurd 

Partridge. 4to, pp. 136. Longmaiis, Green <& Go. Si. 75. 
LaUa Bookh: An Oriental Romance. By Thomas Moore. 

Vignette Edition. lUnstrated by Thomas Mellvame. 

12mo,pp. 379. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.50. 
Lucile. By Owen Meredith. Vignette Edition, Illustrated 

by Frank M. Gregory. 12mo, pp. 420. F. A. Stokes Co. 

$1.50. 
The PrinoesB, and other Poems. By Alfred, Lord Tenny- 
son. Vignette Edition, Illustrated by C. H. Johnson. 

12mo. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.50. 
TentiDfiT on the Old Camp Ground. Words and Music bv 

Walter Kittredge. Illustrated, 12mo, full gilt. Nims & 

Knight. $1.50. 
Tramp, Tramp, Tramp 1 Written and composed by George 

F. Root. Illustrated, 12mo, full gilt. Nims <& Knight. 

$1.50. 
The Winds of the Seasons. By Frank T. Robinson. Il- 
lustrated in color and monochrome by L. K. Harlow. 

CoTer design in color. L. Prang <& Co. $1.25. 
From an Old Love Letter. Designed and Illuminated by 

Irene £. Jerome. Antique coyers, tied with silk. Lee 

<& Shepaid. $1.00. 
Summer Thoughts for Tule Tide. Br S. Elgar Benet. 

Illustrated in color by L. K. Harlow. Oblong. L. Prang 

<&Co. $1.00. 
The Spirit of the Pine. Bj Esther B. Tiffany. Illustrated 

in monochrome by William S. Tiffany. 4to. L. Prang 

&Co. $1.00. 
The Day's Messaere. Chosen and arranged bv Susan Cool- 

idge. 18mo, pp. 366. Roberts Brothers. $1.00. 
The Story of a Dory. Told in Verse by Edward Everett 

Hale, and Salted Down Picturesquely by F. Schuyler 

Mathews. Shape of a Dory. L. Frang A Co. $1.00. 
My Lighthouse, and other Poems. By Celia Thaxter. D- 

lustrated by the author. 16mo. L. Prang <& Co. Paper, 

50 cents. 
A Kalendar firom Jap Town. Designed by J. Pauline 

Sunter. 18 pictures of Japanese life, done in water^olor. 

Size, 41-2x5 3-4 inches. Nims <& Knight. $1.00. 
The Seasons Calendar for 1881. Fine designs in water- 
color, by Alice M. Baumgrass. Size, 7x9 inches. Nims 

& Knight. 75 cents. 
The Cosy Comer Calendar. A series of indoor window 

scenes, by Nelly O. Lincoln. Size, 7x9 inches. Nims A 

Knight. 75 cents. 
Calendar of the Birds, 1 88 1 . Designed by J. Pauline Sun- 
ter. 16 bird idylls, done in water-color. Size, 4 1-2 x 5 3-4 

inches. Nims & Knight. 75 cents. 
A Calendar of the Months for 1881. Twelve Landscape 

and Flower designs, bv Alice M. Baumgrass. Size, 7x7 

inches. Nims & Knignt. 75 cents. 
The Whist Calendar, 1881. Compiled by Robert Fuller. 

Illuminated card, size 8 x 11 inches. W. B. Clark & Co. 
All Around the Tear Calendar— 1881. Designed in sepia- 
tint and color by J. Pauline Sunter. Size. 4 3-4x51-2 

inches. Lee A Shepard. 50 cents. 
Kate Greenaway's Almanar for 1881. Illustrated in 

color. George Routledge & Sons. Torchon, hand painted. 

25 cents. 
Plajrln^ SohooL Water^iolor by Ida Waugh. Size, 17 x 

23 1-2 inches. L. Prang & Co. 

BIOGRAPHY, 

The Autobloirraphy of Joseph Jeflisrson. Profusely Il- 
lustrated, large 8vo, pp. 501, uncut, gilt top. Century Co. 
$4.00. 

Richard Henry Dana. A Biography. By Charles Francis 
Adams. With 2 Portraits, 2 vols., 12 mo, gilt top. Hough- 
ton, Mifflin & Co. $4.00. 

Oustaviis Adolphus, and the strugxle of Protestantism for 
Existence. By C. R. L. Fletcher, M.A. With portnut and 
map, 12mo, pp. 316. Putnam^s ** Heroes of the Nations.*' 
$1.50. 

Four French Women. By Austin Dobson. With frontis- 
piece, 16mo, pp. 207, gilt top, uncut. ^*The Giunta 
Series.'' Dodd, Mead £ Co. $1.25. 

D^sir^e, Queen of Sweden and Norway. Translated from 
the French of Baron Hochschild, bv Mrs. M. Carey. 
16mo, pp. %, uncut. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25. 

The Court of the Empress Josephine. Translated from 
tlie French of Imbert de Saint- Amand, by Thomas Ser- 
geant Perry. With Portrait, 12mo, pp. 334. Charles 
Scribner's Sons, $1.25. 



Bmoe. ^lih 



Life of General Offlethorpe. By H« 

Portrait. 12mo, pp. 297. *' Maken of 

Dodd, Mead A Co. 75 cents. 
George Calvert and CecUius Calvert, BarooB Baliimors ol 

Baltimore. By Wm. Hand Browne. With Portrait, 12bio. 

pp. 181. " Makers of America " series. Dodd, Mead A 

Co. 75 cents. 
/VTA-ra.prim» Hamilton. By William Graham Sumner, 

L.L.D. 16mo, pp. 281. ^'Makers of America" series. 

Dodd, Mead A Co. 75 cents. 
The Life of Henry M. Stanley, with a Full Account of the 

Rescue of Emin Bey. By Henry Frederic Reddall. 

16mo, pp. 411. Robert Bonner's Sons. $1.00. 

HISTORY. 

Bnffland in the ESlfirhteenth Century. By William Ed- 
ward Hartpole Lecky. Vols. VI. and VU. 12mo. D. 
Appleton&Co. Per vol., $2.26. ^ 

The Foundinff of the German Bmpire by William I. 
Based chiefly upon Prussian State Documents. By Hein- 
rich von Sybel. Translated bv Marshall Livingston Fbt- 
rin, Ph.D., assisted by Gamafiel Bradford, Jr. In Aye 
vols. Vol. I.. 8vo, pp. 492, gilt top. T. Y. CroweU A 
Co. $2.00. „ 

Switserland. By Lina Hug and Richard Stead. Illus- 
trated, 12mo, pp. 430. Putnam's '" Story of the Nar 
tions.'' $1.50. 

The Story of Wisoonsin. By Reuben Gold Thwaites. 
Illustrated, 8vo, pp. 389. '' Story of the States " series. 
D. LothropCo. $1.50. 

Ireland iinder BOiaabeth and James the First. De- 
scribed by Fidmund Spenser, Sir John Davies, and F^nes 
Mmyson. £dited by Henry Morley, L.L.D. 12mo, pp. 
445. ''Carisbrooke Library.*' Geocge Routledge A 
Sods. $1.00. 

A History of Rome. By P. V. N. Myers, author of "A 
General History.'* Illustrated, Iflmo, pp. 230. Ginn A 
Co. $1.10. 

The IhterooTirse between the United States and 
Japan. An Historical Sketch. Bv Inaso (Ota) Nitdbe, 
A,D, 8vo, pp. 198, uncut. Johns Hopkins Press. $1.25. 

Tabular Views of Universal History. A Record of the 
more Noteworthy Events in the Wozld's History. Com- 
piled bvG. P. Putnam, A.M., and continued to date by 
Lynds £. Jones. 12mo, pp. 211. G. P. Putnam's Sous. 
$1.75. 

Papers of the Amerioan Historical Aesfn for July, 1890. 
8vo, pp. 128. G. P. Putnam's Sons. PH»er, $1.00. 

Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, Em- 
braoinff the Fifth and Sixth Biennial Reports, 188&-1888. 
Combed by F. G. Adams; Seoietary. Vol. IV. Large 
8vo, pp. 819. Kansas Publishing: House. 

LITERARY MISCELLANY. 

The Journal of Sir Walter Scott From the Original 
Manuscript at Abbottiford. In 2 vols., with 2 Frontis- 
pieoe Portraits. Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut. Harper A 
Brothets. $7.50. 

London Letters, and Some Othen. By Geoige W. SmaDey. 
In 2 vols., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut. Harper A Brothers. 
$6.00. 

Lowell's Prose Works. '' Riverside edition," in 10 vols. 
Vols V. and VI., Political I^says, and Literary and Pol- 
itical Addresses. 12mo, gilt top. Houghton, Mifflin A 
Co. $3.00. 

The Best Letters of Lord Chesterfield: Letten to his 
Son and Letters to his Godson. By Philip Dormer Stan- 
hope, Earl of Chesterfield. Edited, witii an Introduction, 
by Edward Gilpin Johnson. 16mo, pp. 302. gilt top. 
^* Laurel Crowned Letters** series. A C. MeClurg 2b 
Co. $1.00. 

The Bssasrs or Counsels of Francis Bacon. Edited, 
with an Introduction and Notes, by Melville B. Ander- 
son. 16mo, pp. 275, gilt top. A. C. MoClurg A Co. $1. 

The Works of I^iotetus: Consisting of his Diseonrses, tiie 
Enchiridion^d Fragments. Translated from the Greek 
by Thomas Wentworth Higginson. A new and revised 
edition. Two vols., 12mo, gilt top. little. Brown A 
Co. $2.50. 

The Collected Writincrs of Thomas De Quinoey. By 
David Masson. New and enlarged edition. In 14 vds., 
Vol. XII., Tales and Romances; Vol. XIIL, Tales and 
Phantasies. Illustrated. IGmo, pp. 467, uncut. Mac- 
millan A Co. Per vol., $1.25. 

In PhUoeophy, Old and New. By William Knight. 
16mo, pp. 367, gilt top. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. 



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OutixieB at Odd Times. Br Gharies G. Abbott, M.D., 
author of ''A Natnnlist's KamblM about Home.*' 18mo, 
pp. 282, gilt top. D. Appleton <fe Go. $1.25. 

A Good Start. A Book for Yoni^ Men. By J. Thain 
DayidBon, D.D., author of ''Talks with Young Men.*' 
16mo, pp. 283. A. G. Armstrong <fe Son. $1.25. 

My Study Fire. By Hamilton Wright Mabie. 12mo, pp. 
199, uncut. DoddL Mead A Go. $1.25. 

TbB Tale of Troy. Done into English by Aubrey Stewart, 
M.A. 16mo,pp. 231. Maoraillan & Co. $1.00. 

Tlie Love Letters of a Portunrieee Nun: Being the 
Letters written by Marianna Alcaf arado to the Gount of 
St. Leger, in the year 1668. TranaUted by R. H. 18mo, 
pp. 148, uneut. Gassell Pnb*g Go. 75eents. 

Baconian Facts: An Epilogue to the Faroe of '' Baoon vs. 
Shakespeare." 8yo, pp. 24. Lee A Shepard. Paper. 
25 cents. 

POETRY. 

Odee from the Greek Dramatists. Translated into Lyric 
Metres by English Poets and Scholars. Edited by Alfred 
W. Pollard. 16mo, pp. 208, uncut, gilt top. A. G. Mc- 
aurg&Go. Vellum, $1.75. 

Poetical Works of Matthew Arnold. VRth Portrait. 12mo, 
pp. 510, uncut. Macmillan A Go. $1.75. 

Love Poems of Three Genturies, 1590-1890. Gompiled by 
Jessie F.O'Donnell, author of'* Heart L^cs." In2yols., 
18mo, gilt top, uncut. Putnam's " Kmckerbocket Nug- 
gets.*' $2.00. 

Poems. By James Russell Lowell. Li4voIs. Vols. m. and 
rV., 12mo, gilt top, with portrait. '* Riyerside " LoweU, 
Vols. X. iad XI. Hougliton, Bfifflin A Go. Per yol., 
$1.50. 

Representative Sonnets by American Poets. With an £^ 
say on the Sonnet, Biographical Notes^eto. By Gharles 
H. GrandaH. 12mo, pp. 361, gilt top. Houghton, MilHin 
A Go. $1.50. 

American Bonnets. Selected and Edited by T. W. Higgin- 
son and £. H. Bigelow. 18mo, pp. 280, gilt top. Hoi^- 
ton, liGiBin A Go. $1.25. 

SoDtfs team an Attia By John Ernest McGann. 16mo, 
pp. 172, uneut, gilt top. Brentano's. $1.50. 

Poems. By Emily Dickinson. Edited by Two of Her Friends, 
Mabel Loomis Todd and T. W. Higginson. 16mo, pp. 152, 
gihtop. Roberts Brothers. $1.50. 

A Little Brother of the Rich, and other Verses. By Ed- 
ward Sandford Martin. 16mo, pp. 91, gilt top. Gharles 
Seribner'sSons. $1.25. 

In Divers Tones. By Herbert Wolcott Bowen. 16mo,pp. 
124, gilt top. J. O. Gnpples Go. $1.25. 

n Alio Poema (Brani d' un Diario). Di Pietro Ridolfi Bol- 
Ognesi. IGmo, pp. 250, uncut. Firenze : Goi tipi dei Suo- 
cesBori le Monmer. Paper. 

FICTION, 

Port Tarasoon : The Last Adyenture of the Illustrious Tar- 
tarin. Translated by Henry James. Dlnstrated by Rossi, 
Myrbaoh, and others. 8yo, pp. 359, uncut, gilt top. Har- 
per A Brothers. $2.50. 

The Dellcrht Makers. By Addph F. Bandolier. 12mo, 
pp.490. Dodd, Mead <£ Go. $1.50. 

The Bridge of the Gods: A Romance of Indian Oregon. 
By FTH. Baloh. 16mo, pp. 280. A. G. MoGluig A Go. 
$1.25. 

Kincrs in Bzile. By Ahshonse Daudet. Sole authorized 
trsaslation by Lauia Eaisor and E. Bartow. Illustrated 
by Bieler and others. 12mo, pp. 502, uncut. George 
RouUedge & Sons. Paper. $1.50. 

DlslUusion; or. The Story of AmM^'s Youth. By Fran- 
cois Go|^. Trandated by £. P. Robins. Illustrated 
Dy Ba^urd. 12mo, pp. 363, uncut edges. George Routp 
Mge&Sons. Paper. $1.50. 

Sister Philom^ne. By E. and J. de Goncourt. Translated 
by Laura Ensor. 70 niustrations by Bieler. 12mo, pp. 
292, uncut edges. GecHge Routledge A Sons. Paper. 
$1.50. 

Fifty Years. Three Months, Two DayB. A Tale of the 
Neckar Valley. By JuUus Wolff, author of '' The Salt 
Master." Translated from 15th German edition by W. 
Henry and Elizabeth R. Winslow. 12mo, pp. 291. T. 
T. Growell <ft Go. $1.50. 

A V7eb of Gold. By Katharine Pearson Woods, author of 
^'Metaerott, Shoemaker." 12mo, pp. 307. T. Y. Growell 
A Go. $1.50. 

The Jew. Translated from the Polish of Joseph Ignatius 
Knusewski. 12mo, pp. 409. Dodd, Mead A Go. $1.50. 



Eastward; or, A Buddhist Loyer. A Noyel. 12mo, pp. 

267. J. G. Gupples Go. $1.50. 
Strancrers and Wayflu^rs. By Sarah Ome Jewett. 16mo, 

pp. 279. Houghton, Mifflin A Go. $1.25. 
The Beverleys. A Story of Galcutta. By Mary Abbott. 

12mo, pp. 264. A. G. McGlnrg A Go. $1.25. 
Friend Olivia. By Amelia E. Barr, author of "Jan Ved- 

der'sWife." 12mo,pp.455. Dodd, Mead <& Go. $1.25. 
Wallbrd. By Ellen Olney Kirk, author of ^'Sons and 

Daughters." 16mo, pp. 432. Houghton, Mifflin A Go. 

$1.25. 
Diana's Livery. By £ya T'^der MoGlasson. 12mo, pp. 

286. Harper <& Brothers. $1.25. 
Dr. Le Baron and m^ Daughters. A Story of the Old Gol- 

ony. By Jane G. Austin, author of "A Nameless Noble- 
man." 16mo, pp. 460. Houghton, Mifflin <& Co. $1.25. 
PeiT Wofflnsrton. A Noyel. Br Gharles Reade, D. G. L. 

With Frontispiece, 16mo, pp. 275, uncut, gilt top. " The 

Qiunta Series." Dodd, Mead <& Go. $1.25. 
Christie Johnson. A Noyel. By Gharles Reade, D. G. L. 

"^th Frontispiece, 16mo, pp. 266, uncut, gilt top. '' The 

Giunta Series." Dodd, Mead <& Go. $1.25. 
News from Nowhere ; or, An Epoch of Rest. Beinf some 

Ghapters from a Utopian Romance. By William Morris, 

author of '' The Earthly Paradise." With frontispiece. 

16mo, pp. 278. Roberts Brothers. $1.00. 
The Doctor's Dilemma. By Hesba Stretton, author of 

"Bede's Gharity." 16mo, pp. 547. Dodd, Mead A 

Go. $1.00. 
Flower de Hmidred: The Story of a Virginia Plantation. 

By Mrs. Burton Harrison, author of ^^ The Angloman- 

iacs." 12mo,pp. 301. GasseU Pub'g Go. $1.00. 
The World's Demre. A Noyel. ByH. Rider Haggard and 

Andrew Lang. 16mo, pp. 274. Harper <& Bros. 75 cts. 
Her Great Amhition. By Anne Richardson Earle. 16mo, 

pp.307. Roberts Bros. $1.00. 
Timothy's Qiiest : A Story for Anybody, Toun^ or Old, who 

Gares to Read It. By Kate Douglas Wiggm^uthor of 

**A Summer in a Gafton." 16mo, pp. 201. Houghton, 

Mifflin A Go. $1.00. 
The Colonel's Christmas Dinner. Edited by Gapt. Charles 

King, UJS.A. 16mo, pp. 182. L. R. Hamersley A Co. 

P^ier, 50 cents. 
A Squire of Low Deerree. By Lily A. Long. 16mo, pp. 

316. Appleton's'' Town and County Library." Paper, 

50 cents. 
Viffnettes: Real and Ideal. Stories by American Authors. 

Edited by Frederic Edward McKay. 16mo, pp. 288. 

De Wolfe, FUke A Go. Pi4[>er, 50 cents. 
The Chevalier of Pensieri- Vani. Together with frequent 

References to the Proroge of Aroopia. By Stanton Page. 

16mo, pp. 168. J. G. Gnpples Co. Paper, 50 cents. 
Jack's Secret. By Mrs. Loyett Cameron, author of " In a 

Qrass Country." 16mo, pp. 300. Lippincott's *' Select 

Noyels." Paper, 50 cents. 
A Russian Country House. ByCarl Detlef . TranaUted 

from the German by Mrs. J. W. Dayis. 16mo, pp. 311, 

uncut. Worthington's *' Rose Library." Paper, 50 cts. 
Neila Sen, and My Casual Death. By J. H. Connelly. 

16mo, pp. 345. Paper. LoyeU's " Occult Series." 50o. 
A Marriage at Sea. By W. Chirk Russell, author of 

*' Marooned." 16mo,pp.l72. Paper. LoyeU's " West- 
minster Series." 25 cents. 
City and Suburban. By Florence Warden, author of ^'The 

House on the Marsh." 16mo, pp. 144. Paper. LoyeU's 

"Westminster Series." 25 cents. 
Dumpa By Louisa Parr, author of ''Robin." 16mo, pp. 

228. Paper. LoyeU's '' International Series." 50 cts. 
The Havoc of a Smile. By L. B. Walford. Authorixed 

Edition, 16mo, pp. 168. Paper. LoyeU's ''Westminster 

Series." 25 cents. 
Her Nurse's Vensreance. A Noyel. By George H. Mas- 
son. 16mo, pp. 216. Paper. LoyeU's " Noyelists' Series." 

25 cents. 

TBAVEL8. 

In Darkest AfHca; or. The Quest, Rescue, and Retreat of 
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JOHN HALIFAX. Gentleman. 
By Dinah Mulock Craik. With 

40 niustratioiis by G. A. Travers. 

Cloth, $2.50 ; half calf, $4.riO. 



VANITY FAIR. 
By William Makepeace Thack- 
eray. 287 Illus. from originals by the 
author. Cloth, .1^2.r>0 ; half calf, $4..'iO. 



LIBRARY EDITIONS OF STANDARD AUTHORS 

IN LITERATURE, HISTORY, POEJRY, AND FICTION. 
In which the greatest care has been taken by the publishers in the press work, binding, paper, and illustrations, 
especially designed for persons wishing fine editions for the library. All are printed on extra super calendered 
paper. Fully illustrated. Bound in either vellum cloth, leather titles and gilt tops, or finest half calf with gilt 
tops. Including works of Browkino, Carlyle, Cooper, Dickens, Eliot, Fielding, Hume, Lytton, Ruskin, 
Strickland, Swinburne, Thackeray, Scott. 



I^ERSES. 

By Gertrude Hall. 1 vol., 12mo, cloth, gilt, SI .00. 

A little volume of verses from the ^n of Gertrude Hall« a 
voiui|r English writer of promise, has just been issued. The 
Enghflh papers, in commenting upon tnis little volume, dwell 
partienlarly upon the unaffected sweetness and naturalness of 
the sentiment, and the smoothness of metrical diction. In 
all probability a second edition wUl be demanded, on the 
strength of the impressions created by the too-limited num- 
ber jnst issued. 

LUX OAUNDL 

Second American Edition. Ten Editions in England. 
Edited by Rev. Charles Gore, M. A., (Principal of 
Pusey House, and Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford). 
1 vol., 12mo, cloth, gilt top, 81.75. 

The great theploeioal sensation of the day in England. A 
series of studies in the religion of the incarnation. 



INDIAN TALES. 

By Rudyard Kipling. 1 vol., 12mo, cloth, gilt top, 

771 pages, $1.50. 

This is the only edition of '^ Plain Tales from the Hills/* 
"Soldiers Three, and Other Stories,*' '*The Story of the 
Ghndsbrs.'' and "Phantom 'Rickshaw,*' issued in America 
with the sanction of the author. 

^DEPARTMENTAL T>ITTIES, "B ARRACK 
%00M "BALLADS, 

And other Verses. By Rudyard Kipuno. 1 vol, 12mo, 

cloth, gilt, #1.25.*^ 

We have just issued, under the authorization of Rudyard 
iCipling, a volume of noems. which contains " Departmental 
Ditties^" " Barrack Room Ballads," and a collection of Kip- 
ling's fugitive verses, which he has recently arranged for this 
volume. ^ This will be the first edition of Kipling's poetical 
writings issued in this country. 



HISTORY OF MY TETS. -Stones of My Cbildbood. 

By Grace Greenwood. New edition, revised and enlarged, with new illustrations. 12mo, cloth, gilt, 

$1.00 per volume. 
Mrs. Lippinoott (Grrace Ghreenwood) is now in New York, where the United States Book Company is bringing out a new 
edition of her works, revised and enlarged. ._. 

THE KING'S TDAUGHTERS. 

By Mrs. Ellen E. Dickinson. Small quarto, illustrated, $1.25. 
A small quarto edition of ''The King's Daughters," illustrated widi numerous half -tone plates from original designs for 
this work, by £. J. Austin. The book is one which appeals particularly to the numerous members of this order both in England 
and America. The tone of the work is moral and healthy, and the iUustrations have been drawn carefully and skilfully. 



THE GENTLE ART OF MAKING ENEMIES. 

By J. McNeill Whistler. Being a collection of his 
writings edited by himself. 12mo, cloth, with cover spec- 
ially designed by Mr. Whistler, $2.00. An Edition de Luxe, 
limited to SCO copies, issued on hand-made paper, each copy 
numbered and signed by Mr. Whistler, 810.00. 
The first edition of this remarkable book was exhau.sted 

in a few days, and the second edition is selling rapidly, while 

only a few of the Edition de Luxe are left. 



GEORGE (MEREDITH, ff^ovelist and Poet; 
Some Cbaraitemtics. 

By Richard Le Gallienne, author of " My Ladies' 
Sonnets,*^ *''' Volumes in Folio,'' etc. With a bibliography 
by John Lane and a note by W. Morton Fnllerton on the 
reception of George Meredith's works in America. Regular 
edition, price $2.(X) ■ American Edition de Luxe., limited to 
25 copies, $10.00. With an illustration of the novelist's 
chalet from a pen and ink sketch by his son, Mr. W. M. 
Meredith, and a portrait. 



LETTERS TO LIVING AUTHORS. 

By J. A. Steuart. Cloth, $2.00. Illustrated with Portraits of the different authors. 
A limited Edition de Luxe printed on hand-made paper and tastefully bound, $5.00. 

Send for Catalogue of Standard and Popular Works to 

UNITED STATES BOOK COMPANY, Nos. 142 to 150 Worth Street, New York. 

SUCCESSORS TO JOHN W. LOVELL COMPANY. 

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What Shall We Give to Our Boys and Girls ? 



*' WiDK Awake has no superior in the worid as a wide- 
awake young folks' monthly. — Advertiser^ London, Ont. 

There are so many pitfalls in the path toward culture which our boys and girls miist tread, so much that is 
really harmful to the growing mind, in the mass of literature, that the perplexed parent, desiring only the hest, 
relies on what he knows is good, as does the anxious mariner on his sheet anchor in a drifting storm. 

Such a sheet anchor is the young people's magazine, Widk Awa 



a periodical that has stood the tests of time, of rivalry, 

of criticism, and of the fickle ** popular taste ;'* — 

the acknowledged leader of all the young people's magazines. 

The Christnms issue of Widk Awake has always been a notable production, and unique — both as a holiday 
number and a gift book combined. 

The Christmas number for 1890 cannot fail to be a delightful surprise to its hosts of readers and friends. 

Greatly enkuged (100 pages), resplendent in 
a new form and dress— a perfect feast of 
good things for the entire household. 

To it, indeed, may be applied the praise of Milton — though to a different subject — for from cover to cover 
the Christmas Wide Awake is tmly 

**A perpetual feast of nectar*d sweets, 
Where no crude surfeit reigns.^' 

Some of the stories, articles, etc. : *' Five Little Peppers Grown Up,'' by Maboarbt Sidkey ; **Cab and CabooM," by 
KiBK Monroe ; ** Sister Agnes's Basket." a genuine Christmas story, by Charlotte M. Yaiue; "Kevin the Fisher,*' a 
lomantic ballad by Graham R. Tomson ; '' Jasper Dowling's Legacy," by Rev. George Whtte. For all boys who delight 
in athletics, and especially those who ought to. *^ Gypsies and Gypsying," by Eijzabeth Robins Pbnnell, with five illus- 
trations, including frontispiece. Exceedingly interesting. "A Royal Exile," by Salue Pratt McLean Greene. Six 
illustrations by W. L. Taylor. " Dudley," by Emma Sherwood Chester, Illustrated. A story of heroism. **The Land- 
ing of the Pilgrim Fathers." A reproduction in fac simile of the original manuscript. " Figure Drawing for Children,*' by 
Caroune £. RiMMER. With prizes. Of great interest to all young people. '* Celestial Army," by John C. Carpenter. 
A Hungarian folk-lore tale of the Milky Way. 

The Christmas Widk Awakk is a Christmas souvenir for every boy and girl. And at what a trifling cost ! 
A copy will be sent post-paid to any one who will hand twenty cents to his or her bookseller or newsdealer ; or, 
no bookseller being handy, to any one who will send twenty cents to the publishers, 



T). LOTHROP COMPANY, 



'Boston, {Mass. 



THE LOTHROP MAGAZINES. 



At the Head of Young People*s Magazines. 

IVIDE AWAKE. 

100 Pages Every Month. 

ENLARGED TO 100 PAGES. Crowded with pictures, 
short stories, serials, poems, and practical articles. 

NoTABiiE Serials: *^Five Littie Peppers Grown Up," by 
Margaret Sidney. *^ Cab and Caboose : the Rise of a Railroad 
Boy," by Kirk Monroe. Short Stories in great variety, 
beautifully illustrated. Figure Drawing for Children, 
by Caroline Rimmer ; Twelve Illustrated Lessons, loith prizes. 
Interesting Articles, by Mn. Gen. John A. Logan, Henry 
Bacon, Maude Howe, etc., etc. Prize Problems vnth cash 
awards ; open to all subscribers. *^ Our Government," by 
Hon. John D. Long (£«z.-Gov. of Mass.) A series of papers 
for preparing boys (and giris) for intelligent citizenship. 

f;i.40 a year. 20 cents a number. 



Sunday and Week-^ay Reading. 

THE PANSY. 

Edited by " Pansy " (Mrs. G. R. Alden). An illustrated 
monthly for young folks eight to fourteen. Serials by Pansy 
and Margaret Sidney. Important this year to thoee con- 
nected with Christian Endeavor Societies ; also a new ** Son- 
day Afternoon" department. Special terms to Sunday- 
schools. 

fl.OO a year. 10 cents a number. 

Helpful to the Mother. 

"BABYLAND. 

The one magazine for babies. Dainty stories, poems, 
jingles in each number. Full of pictures. For ohitdren one 
to six years old. 

ftO cents a year. /> cents a number. 



For Youngest Readers, 

OUR LITTLE (MEN AND WOMEN. 

A magazine for little folks beginning to read. Seventy-five full-page pictures (besides no end of smaller ones) during the year. 

fl.OO a year, 10 cents a number, 
SPECIMENS OP ANT ONE, FIVE CENTS ; OF THE FOUR, FIFTEEN CENTS. 



D. LOTHROP COMPANY, BOSTON. 



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T. Y. CROWELL & CO.'S NEW BOOKS. 



fHE FOUNDIXG OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE 
1 BY WILLIAM I. Traualated from the German of Hein- 

RiCH VON Sybel, by Professor Marhhall Livinostok 

Perrin, of the Boston University. 5 volumes, 8vo, cloth. 

^10.(X); half morocco, $15.00. 

Vol. I. is now ready ; Vol. IL will be published Jan. 1, and 
the remmninfiT volumes during the spring of *91. The Ameri- 
can Edition will be enriched with finely engraved portraits of 
Emperors William I. and II. and Frederick, and of Bismarck 
and Von Moltke. 

JANE EYRE. By Charlotte Bronte. With 48 
^ Illustrations engraved by Andrew. Carefully printed 
from beautiful type on superior calendered paper. 2 vols. 
12mo. Cloth, gilt top, boxed, $.').00 ; half calf, $9.00. Edi- 
tion de Luxe^ limited to *J50 numbered copies, large paper, 
Japan proofs mounted, $10.00. 



REAL HAPPENINGS. By Mrs. Wiluam Claf- 
LiN. 12mo, booklet style, 30 cents. 
Under the above attractive title, Mrs. Claflin has collected 
, into a little volume of less than fifty pages, five simple, un- 
I affected stories from actual life. They are all pleasantly told, 
I and are filled with a warm feeling of love and humanity. 

BOURRIENNE'S MEMOIRS OF NAPOLEON 
BONAPARTE. Special Limited Edition, with over 100 
illustrations, 5 volumes, gilt top, half leather, $10.00. 

THE ROBBER COUNT. By Julius Wolff. Ti-ans- 
lated from the Twenty-third Carman Edition by W. 

,50. 



"Jane Ejyre '^ is one of the books which seem destined to 
live. Its original and vivid style, its life-like and powerful plot, 
its tremendous moral purport (once misunderetood, but now 
recognized), make it one of the most absorbing novels ever 
written. The present illustrated edition is as i)erfect as will 
ever befproduced. Press-work, paper, illustrations, and bind- 
ing combine into a whole that is a delight to the eye and a 
cynosure for the librar}'. 

r^OSPEL STORIES. Translated from the Russian 
^■^ of Count L. N. ToLHToi by Nathan Hahkell Dole. 

12mo, .■?1.2,'>. 

Count Tolstoi's short sketches of Russian life, inspired gen- 
erally by some pregnant text of Scripture, and written for the 
masses, perhaps even more than his longer works show the 
man's real greatness. Sixteen of these, selected from various 
publications, are here presented in a neat and attrm'Kve 
volume. 

XHE NARRATIVE OF CAPTAIN COIGNET, 
* SOLDIER OF THE EMPIRE, ITUJ-lSno. An auto- 
biographical account of one of Napoleon's Body (riiard. 
Fully dliistrated. 12mo, half leather, $2..')0; half calf, 
Sij.OO. 

The recollections of Captain Coignet, perfectly authentic- 
ated, came to us like a voice from those mighty masses who 
under Napoleon made Europe tremble almost a liundred years 
ago. It i« ^e record of the daily doings of a private soldier, 
^-ho fought in many great campaigns. They are marked by 
quaint frankness and naivete, an honest boastfulness thoi*- 
oughly Gallic, and a keen sense of the picturesque value of 
truth. Nothing like these memoirs has ever been published. 
They are orip^md, shrewd, clever, and they make the Napo- 
leonic days live again. 

BRAMPTON SKETCHES; or, Old New England 
Life. By Mrs. Wiiluam Claflin. Illustrated. lOmo, 

unique bindiing, .i^l.2o. 

The old New England life is rapidly fading, not only from 
existence, but even from the memorj' of people. It is, there- 
fore, well that those who were in touch with the best elements 
of this quaint and homely life should put upon paper and per- 
petuate its traditions and half-forgotten memories. This 
^^T». Clafiin has done for the town of Hopkinton, where her 
grandparenta lived, and '' Brampton Sketches '' stand out as a 
truthrnl record of a peculiarly interesting provincial town. 

GOLD NAILS TO HANG MEMORIES ON. A 
Rh^iing Review, under their Christian names, of Old 
Acqnamtances in Histor}', Literature, and Friendship. By 
Elizabeth A. Allen. »vo, gilt edges, $2.50. 
This is the most original autograph book ever published. 
It aims to give a history and record of tl^e mora or less famil- 
iar Christian names, and at the same time to conmieniorate 
the most familiar and famutis men and women who have borne 
them. The book, therefore, has not only an interest of its 
own, but is distinctively educational. Spaces are left on each 
page for autographs. 



I, SI. 



Henry and Elizabeth R. Winslow. 12mo, cloth, 
This masterpiece amone Julius WoUF's prose romances is 
laid in mediwval times and, as in *'The Saltmaster,*' the au- 
thor has caught the spirit of those days and transferred it to 
his pages. A notable addition to our list of historical fiction. 

TOM BROWN'S SCHOOL DAYS. By Thomas 
HuoHES. With 53 Illustrations engraved by Andrew, 
carefully printed from beautiful type on calendered paper. 
12mo. Cloth, $2.00; full gilt, S2.50. Edition de Luxe, 
limited to '250 numbered copies, large paper, Japan proofs 
mounted, $5.00. 

Praise or comment on this classic would be a work of super- 
erogation. Even* paront sooner or later puts it into his chil- 
dren's hands. We can only say that the present edition of 
I this classic is by all odds the best that has ever been offered 
to the American public. Printed from large type, well illus- 
trated, and handsomely bound, it makes a book worthy of 
any librar3\ 

CAMOUS EUROPEAN ARTISTS. By Mrs. Sarah 
I ^ K . Bolton, author of * ' Poor Boys Who Became Famous, ' ' 
etc. With portraits of Raphael, Titian, Landseer, Rey- 
nolds, Rubens, Turner, and others. 12mo, $1.50. 
In this handsome volume Mrs. Bolton relates sympathetic- 
ally the lives of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Turner, and other ar- 
tists, whose names are household words. The sketches are 
accompanied by excellent portraits. 

CAMOUS ENGLISH AUTHORS OF THE NINE- 
^ TEENTH CENTURY. By Mrs. Sarah K. Bolton, au- 
thor of "Poor Boys W^ho Became Famous," etc. With 
; portraits of Scott, Bums, Carlyle, Dickens, Tennyson, Rob- 
ert Browning, etc. Timo, Si. 50. 

During a recent visit abroad, Mrs. Bolton had an opportu- 
nity of visiting many of the scenes made memorable by the 
residence or writings of the best-known English authors, and 
I the incidents which she was thus enabled to invest with a per- 
' sonal interest she has woven into the sketches of Tennyson, 
Ruskin, Browning, and the other authors of whom she vrrites. 
These two companion volumes are among the best of the 
well-known " Famous" series. 

FAMILY MANNERS. By Elizabeth Glover, au- 
thor of " Talks about a Fine Art,'' etc. Booklet. Half 
cloth, 30 centa. 

I "THE PORTABLE COMMENTARY. ByjAMiESON, 

I I Fauhsett, and Brown. 2 vols., crown 8vo, cloth, $4.00. 

I This c<mveuient manual has a world-wide reputation as the 

best book of its kind in the English language. It is full, yet 

concise, easily understood, clear in type, convenient in size ; a 

work that should be in the hands of every student of the Bible. 

HALF A DOZEN BOYS. By Anna Chapin Ray. 
12mo, illustrated, $1.25. 
A genuine story of boy life. The six heroes are capital fel- 
lows, such as a healthy boy, or girl either for that matter, will 
feel their hearts warm toward. The simple incidenta and 
amusemeiits of the village where they live are invested with 
a neculiar charm through the hearty and sympathetic style in 
I wnich the book is written. It is worthy of Miss Alcott's pen. 



FOB SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLEBS. 

THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., Publishers, New York City. 



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E. P. TfUTTON & COMPANY'S 

New Christmas Publications. 



OOLDEN TREASURY OF ART AND SONG. A 
beautiful fine art gift-book with 18 monotint pages and 34 
type pages, bound in cloth beautifully stamped, gilt edges, 
$6.00; Japanese calf, $7.:iO. 

TIME'S FOOTSTEPS. A family record book, containing 
1 color picture^ 12 monotint pages, and 37 pages decorated 
with pen-and-mk drawings, elegantly bound in cloth, gilt 
edges, large 4to, $o.OO. 

FAMILIAR LONDON, Containing 12 views of the best 
known sights of London, in full color, and 24 pages of de- 
scription, ornamented with beautiful sketches, bound in 
doth, gilt edges, $3.75. 

THE KING'S HIGHWA Y. DaUy Hymns and Texte for 
a Month, with 12 whole-page color pictures by Fred. Hines, 
and 28 illustrated type pages, bound in cloth, gilt edges, 
$3.50. 

SHAKESPEARE AND HIS BIRTHPLACE. By 
Emma Marshall. Illustrated with 10 color sketches of the 
poet's home and surroundings, 22 type pages, ornamented 
with pen-and-ink sketches, gilt edges, beautifully bound in 
cloth, $3.00. 

BUN Y AN' S HOME. By John Brown, D.D. lUustrated 
with 8 color sketches of tne poet's home and surroundings, 
24 tyi>e pages, ornamented with pen-and-ink sketches, cloth, 
gilt edges, $3.00. 

THE BEAUTIFUL WORLD, and other Poems. By 
Helen J. Wood and others. Illustrated with 24 excellent 
monotint pages and 24 decorated letterpress pages, cloth, 
gilt edges, $3.00 ; Japanese calf, $4.00. 

YEAR IN, YEAR OUT. A book of the months, with 
12 beautiful color plates by Walter Paget, and 24 pages 
with pen-and-ink drawinni, with reference to the 12 mouths 
of the year, bound in charming fancy cover, gilt edges, 
$1.25. 

FROM LEAF TO LEAF. Poetry selected and arrancred 
by Robert Ellice Mack. Small 4to, profusely illustratea in 
monotint, cloth, gilt, $2.50. 



A PATHWAY OF FLOWERS. An album for auto- 
graphs and original and selected venes, contaaningl6 color 
pages and 16 type pages, decorated with pen and ink, bound 
in cloth, gilt edges, 4t», $2.50 ; Japanese calf, $3.50. 

A CHRISTMAS CAROL. By PhiUips Brooks, D.D, 
'* Everywhere, everywhere, Christmas to-night." Quarto, 
beautifully illustrated in colors, $1.00. 

IT CAME UPON THE MIDNIGHT CLEAR. A 
Christmas Carol hj Edmund H. Sears, D. D. Quarto, beau- 
tifully illustrated m colors, $1.00. 

CALM ON THE LISTENING EAR OF NIGHT. The 
Christmas Hymn by E. H. Sears, D.D. Illustrated with 
numerous drawings *by Walter Paget and A. W. Parsons. 
Printed in choice combinations of monotint, 4to, 20 pages, 
monotint cover, $1.00. 

The above Hymns by Dr. Sears are among the most beau- 
tiful in the language, and the illustrations must be seen to 
be appreciated. 

SHAKESPEARE PICTURES. Quotations from Shake- 
speare, illustrated with 6 color plates and 6 pages of dec- 
orated letter-press, limp colored cover, gilt edges, tied with 
ribbon, 50 cents. 

TENNYSON PICTURES. Quotations from Tennyson, 
illustrated with 6 color-plates and 6 pages of decorated let- 
ter-press, limp colored cover, gilt edges, tied with ribbon, 
50 cents. 

HOMEWARD. A Scripture Text Book, with Poetical Se- 
lections for each day in the month, with illustrations in 
color and monotint, 31 pages, 50 cents. 

THE LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. Consisting of 12 
color plates and 24 decorative type pages, beautifully bound 
with a gold-blocked fancy cover, gUt edge, $1.00. 

GOLDEN LINKS. A charmingly illustrated Birthday- 
Book, 12 color pages and 52 pages of decoration, type and 
spaces for signatures, bouna in cloth, gilt edges, $1.50; 
calf padded, $4.00. 



COLOR BOOKS FOR CHILDREN. 



OLD FATHER TIME, and ht$ Twelve Children. Verses 
for Children. Illustrated by Harriet M. Bennett, with 16 
full-page colored pictures. Laige 4to, 40 pages, $2.(M). 

ONCE UPON A TIME. An illustrated story book for 
children. With colored pictures by Harriet M. Bennett and 
Lizzie Mack, and stories by Mrs. Oscar Wilde, Mrs. Moles- 
worth, Helen J. Wood, and others. 4to, 152 pages, cloth, 
gilt, $2.00. 

JACK FROST, and other amusing Fairy Stories. With 
illustrations by John Lawson. Lai^e 4to, 40 pa^es, 8 color 
pages, $1.50. This will be found a very attractive and en- 
tertaining book for children. 

DAISY CHAIN SERIES. A set of six booklets packed 
in a pretty box. Each book of the set contains 8 pa^es of 
type and process blocks, and 4 colored pages. Per set, $1.50. 

D UTTON'S ANN UAL FOR 18U0. Large 4to, 6 original 
full-page colored illustrations, double lithographed covers. 
Boards, $1.25; cloth, gilt, $2.00. 



CHERRY CHEEKS AND ROSES. A chUdren's book, 
containing 8 color pages and 24 monotint pages, 4to, $1.00. 

VERY FUNNY. Amusing Rhymes, with pictures of 
Cats and Kittens, Dogs, Bears, etc. Will amuse young 
and old. Small 4to, 28 pages, 75 cents. 

TINY GEM SERIES. A neat box with pretty cover, 
containing 6 little^ booklets, each nicely bouna with colored 
cover, and containing 4 colored pictures and 8 type and 
white and black pages. Per set, 75 cents. 

TODDLE'S TRAVELS. Containing 7 color pages and 
11 monotint pages, bound in board, with very pretty cover, 

50 cents. 

FUN AND FROLIC FOR LITTLE FOLK. A book 
consisting of 1 color plate and 48 paces of letter press, 
abounding in pretty cuts and process blocks, 50 cents. 

EVENTS IN THE LIFE OF OUR LORD. Eight 
large color plates and 10 type and process pages, 4to, pi^r 
50 cents. 



For sale at the bookstores, or sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of prices. Our new Holiday Catalogue sent free on application 

E. P. BUTTON & CO., Publishers, 31 West 23d Street, New York. 



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SOME BEAUTIFUL BOOKS 

BY CHICAGO AUTHORS. 



SUMMERLAND. 
A New Volume by Margaret Macdoxald Pullman, 
author of '' Days Serene.'' With 63 Ori«riiial lUiutratioiis, 
engrared on wood b^ Andrew. Size, 9 1-2 z 12 1-2 inches. 
Oblong quarto. Artutic cover of two colored cloths, beau- 
tifully ornamented, full nit, $3.75; Turkey Morocco, 
$9.00; Tree Calf, $10.00; English Seal Style, $7.00. 
"As one dwells with delight over these pictures, turning 
from one to another with ever fresh pleasure and interest, 
they seem to impregnate the very air with a summer fra- 
grance, and are instinct with a realism that holds the senses 
enthralled. They do indeed tell us of * hills in sunshine; 
meadows with perfumed air ; of the brook fringed with flow- 
ering grasses, and cool, quiet reflections ; the winding patli 
that suggests the cottage life just over die hills, with its 
warm blue breathings of the hidden hearth ; of the healing 
breath of the pine woods ; music of quiet waters ; of white 
sands washed by the waves of the sea blue with heaven's own 
reflection : lengthening shadows ; day done and quiet over 
all.' In the study of these pictures the heart is touched and 
one feels that a fuU sympathy with these lovely aspects of 
nature adds sweetness to life, and tJiat through nature a 
blessing of joy is ours. What more need we say of the 
splendM work here ^ven? Only to remark that to see is 
to fall in love with it, for emphatically does it speak for 
itself. ^ Preceding each picture is a leaf upon one page of 
which is an exquisite design in connection with a very brief 

? notation germane to the subject of the engraving."— ]Bo«ton 
fowe Journal, 

AN OLD LOyE LETTER. 

Miss Jerome 's Latest Work. 
Designed and illuminated by Irene E. Jerome, author 
of " One Year's Sketch Book," *' Nature's HaUelujah," 
" In a Fair Country," *'A Bunch of Violets," "A Message 
of the Bluebird," etc. Antique covers, tied with Silk. 
Boxed, $1.00. 

** One of the most charming things possible in its line, and 
bearing on its every page, and throughout its every thought, 
the fragrance of truly divine message, is * From an Old Love 
Letter,' by Irene Jerome. The mention of her name is suf- 
ficient to gruarantee beauty of design and daintiness of exe- 
cution, but the gem in question deserves an attempt at de- 
scription. Loose silk cords confine it, from side to side, 
caught and held bpr a pretty monogram stamped in brown 
sealing wax. The title-pa^ is beautifully illuminated in gold, 
yellow and brown, its active meaning being emphasized by a 
small dove, bearing a letter, fasten^ by a cord around its 
neck. The first page bears a quotation mm Thomas k Kem- 
pis, followed, on further pages, by selections from the Bible. 
each delightfully surrounded and embellished with a graceful 
design in gilt and color. The Finis has an equally attractive 
representation on the last page. The whole is beautiful and 
artistic to a degree — the essence and embodiment of loving, 
dainty thought. — Boston Times, 



JILL JlROUhID THE YEAR— 1891. 

Designed in Sepiatint and Color by J. Pauline Sunter. 

Printed on heavy cardboard, gilt edges, with chain, tassels, 

and rings. Size, 4 3-4x51-2 inches. Boxed, price, 50 cents. 

No daintier gift book may be found than the Calendar for 

1891 just issued by Messrs Lee & Shepard. Printed on heavv 

eardboard, gilt edged, designed by J. Pauline Sunter, each 

page is a charming reminder of the month of the year and its 

days. The designs are mostiy of chubby children, some 

quaintly dressed, others not dressed at all, but all with such 

good cheer in their faces that it seems as though the new 

month must open brightly. In addition to the calendar, at 

the side of each page there is an appropriate quotation. The 

Oftrds are separate and tied with white silk cord and a chain 

attached. 

New Illustrated Catalogue and Announcement List 

sent free. Sold by all Booksellers, and sent by mail, 

post-paid, on receipt of the price, 

LEE & SHEPARD, 10 Milk St., Boston. 



McLOUGHLIN BROTHERS 

PUBLISHERS, 

62^ Broadway, V^ew York. 



TWO VERY ATTRACTIVE BOOKS FOR 
BOYS AND GIRLS. 



Grimm's Household Fairy Tales. 

A large quarto of 284 pages, 8 1-2 x 10 1-4 inches^ 
bound in cloth covers artistically stamped in gold 
and colors, and containing over one hundred 
illustrations in black by that clever artist, R. 
Andr^, together with a beautiful colored frontis- 
piece. A new and careful translation from the 
original has been made of these world-famous, 
child-delighting stories, and the illustrations will 
be found in admirable harmony with the text, 
the artist seeming to convey the very atmosphere 
of that quaint, picturesque world of goblins, 
fairies, giants, and witches ; while the handsome 
open type and the elegant form of the volume 
make it unquestionably the most satisfactory edi- 
tion ever offered of this most attractive and popu- 
lar of all collections of folk-stories. Price, $1.00. 



A Christmas Box of Pretty Stories 

A delightful collection of pleasant stories, illus- 
trated most profusely with charming pictures in 
black, no page being without one. The stories 
relate to the various subjects dearest to the 
childish heart, one division being devoted to 
cats and kittens, another to dogs, a third to dol- 
lies, and so on. Their style is unusually bright 
and vivacious, even for these days of brilliant 
juvenile literature, and the volume cannot fail to 
please and delight little readers. It is bound in 
cloth, stamped in gold and colors, and contains 
a fine colored frontispiece. 4to, 288 pages. 
Size, 8 1-2 X 10 1-4 inches. Price, $1.00. 



Also, a Very Complete Assortment of 
McLOUGHLIN BROTHERS' 

TOY BOOKS, 

LINEN BOOKS, 

JUVENILE BOOKS, 
CARD AND FOLDING BOARD GAMES, 
ABC BLOCKS, 

PICTURE CUBES, 

SCROLL PUZZLES, Etc. 



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A. C. McCLURG AND COMPANY, 

CHICAGO. 



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Charles Scribn er's So ns' New Books. 

IN SCRIPTURE LANDS -Uievo Views of Sacred Places. 

By Edward L. Wilsox. 150 original Illustrations from photographs taken by the author. Large 8vo, 33.50. 

" We may best differentiate Mr. Wilson ^s work from that of its predeoeason by saying that it is pictorial. He gives the 

reader a view of the localities which previous students and explorers or traditions have identified. His pen seems to have caught 

something of the spirit of his art, and to be almost as photographic in its realistic portraiture as his camera." — Dr. Lyman Abbott, 

HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES. Studies araT>ng I IN THE FOOTPRINTS OF CHARLES LAMB. By 

the Tenements of New York. Ry Jacob A. Riis. | Benjamin E. Martin. Illustrated by Herbert Rail- 

With 40 Illustrations from photographs taken by the I ton and John FuUeylove. AVith bibliography by K. 

author. 8vo, S2.50. | D. North. 8vo, 82.50. 

This is not only a vivid picture of the New York under^ | In addition to following Lamb in his wanderings, and de- 
world, but a helpful consideration of the forces therein at scribing his haunts. Mr. Martin sketches him ^^* as he moved in 

work and the best means of counteracting them. . the crowd, among nis friends, by his sister^s side, and alone.^* 

THE LIFE OF JOHN ERICSSON 

By William C. Church. With 50 Illustrations. 2 vols., 8vo, 86.00. 
Having been intimately acquainted with Ericsson for many years, and having been intrusted with the famous inventor s 
correspondence and other papers, Col. Church was qualified as no one else could be to write an authoritative account of the 
wonderfully interesting and romantic career of the man, and this he has done with the utmost skill. 

ELECTRICITY IN DAILY LIFE. A popular ac- ' THE VIKING AGE. The Early History, Manners, 
count of the Science and Application of Electricity | and Customs of the Ancestors of the English-Speak- 



to Everyday Uses. With 120 Illustrations. 8vo, 

83.00. 

This work is intended distinctly for non-technical readers. 
The subject, in all its branches, is treated by acknowledged 
anUiorities, and is thoroughly abreast of the latest advances. 



ing Nations. By Paul B. du Chaillu. W^ith 1400 
Illustrations. 2 vols., 8vo, 87.50. 

*^ These luxuriously printed and illustrated volumes embody 
the fullest account of our Norse ancestors extant. It is an 
extensive and important work."— iV. Y. Tribune. 



THE PACIFIC COAST SCENIC TOUR. 

From Southern California to Alaska. — The Yosemite. — The Canadian Pacific Railway Yellowstone Park and 

the Grand Cailon. By Henry T. Finck. With 20 full-page illustrations. 8vo, 82.50. 
^* The author is an acute observer, and he deals with a subject which is as practical as it is fascinating. His descxintioDs 
will prove a revelation to many readers ignorant of what the Pacific Slope has to offer in variety of natural scenery." — Boston 
Transcript. 

FAMOUS PVOMEN OF THE FRENCH COURT. 

Translated from the French of Imbert de Saint- Amand by Thomas Sergeant Perry. Six volumes now 
ready. Others in preparation. Each with Portrait. 12mo, 81.25. 
MARIE ANTOINETTE AND THE WIFE OF THE HAPPY DAYS OF 

THE END OF THE OLD REGIME. THE FIRST CONSUL. THE EMPRESS MARIE LOUISE. 

rTTT7FNF^R RONAP^RTF "^^^ COURT OF MARIE LOUISE AND 

v.iiix.J!*i^r*x5 i>unAir2vxvir*. ^^^ EMPRESS JOSEPHINE. THE DECADENCE OF THE EMPIRE. 

** M. de Saint-Amand writes an entertaining book. He has a picturesque and lively fancy and a fertile imagination. His 
style is animated and pleasing, and his historical judgments well taken.'^— ^. Y. Times. 

DAINTY U^EIV 'BOOKS FOR HOLIDAY GIFTS. 

CAMEO EDITION. Two new volumes have just been issued I EUGENE FIELD. Exouisitely printed and bound, the writ- 
in this tasteful edition: Cable's OLD CREOLE DAYS, I ings of this popular author, A LITTLE BOOK OF WEST- 
and Page's IN OLE VIRGINIA, uniform with Donald G. g?? VERSEfand A LITtLE BOOK OF PROFITABLE 

Mitchell's " Reveries of a Bachelor " and " Dream Life," l i;ttra^"*ES!2h*rb^^*'Sl *?- ^'''""*® ''■^"® ^ American 

issued last year. Each volume with frontispiece etching. I ,] rf.i ^^^ ,* „ , ^?' ^ ""^' . , . , 

in «i OR I Inese handsome volumes are examples of a wit, humor, 

Ibmo, «!.-». I and pathos quaint and rare."— JV. Y. Tribune. 

BALLADS. By Robert Louis Stevenson. 16mo, $1.00. rpjjE DION'S CUB, and Other Verees. By R. H. Stoiv 
Five narrative pieces in Mr. Stevenson s vivid and pictur- I dard. 16rao, Si. 25. 

esque verse, the most important embodying Polynesian leg- , A beautiful little volume, containing the more leeent poema 

ends, and published for the first time. I of this popular poet. 

«%Send Ten Centb for the CHRISTMAS BOOK-BUYER, containing a handsome engraved portndt of Sir Edwin 

Arnold, with a sketch by R. H. Stoddard, special articles by Frank R. Stockton, Harriet Prescott SpoffoH, Dr. Lyman Abbott, 

Mrs. Burton Harrison, Noah Brooks, and other popular writers, reviews of the holiday books, literary letters, and over sixty 

Illustrations by emineut artists. 

For sale by all booksellers, or sent, postpaid, on receipt qf price, by 

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, Publishers, 743-745 Broadway, New York. 



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What shall I get as 

A Christmas Present 



Mrs. Rorers 
Cook Book 



for Mother 
Wife 
Sister 
Aunt 
Cousin 
Sweetheart 



During the whole of this year we have laid Tcacher 
before the readers of this journal the peculiar . 

and particular merits of Mrs. Rorer's Cook rriencl 
Book. 

We say it is the best. A broad claim, but results justify it. The 
book proves itself. Is it not worth something to know that your 
guide in cooking never fails? Everything in this book is a cooked 
certainty. 

It is not necessary that you should be an experienced housekeeper. 
The book is for everyone— the beginner as well as the can't-be-taught 
cook. You '11 cook better with it. The one to whom you give it 
will remember you with pleasurable feelings every time she uses it. 

This is our parting shot for 1890. 

The book is bound in washable oil-cloth covers; price, $1.75- 
Your bookseller has it, or we will send it to any address, corners 
protected, and postage paid. 

ARNOLD AND COMPANY, 

420 Library St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Sold hy A. C. McClurg <fe Company. 

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WORTHINGTON Co.'S NeW SeTS OF BoOKS. 



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rHARTON'S WITS and BEAUX or SOCIETY. 
With Prafaoe by Justin H. McCabthy, M.P. Illus- 
trated by H. K.Browme and Jaubs Godwin. In 2 vob., 
8vo. Ei^lish edition, im\ $5.00. 

An inexhaustible mine of anecdotes about Ghramont, Ches- 
terfield, St. Simon, Walpole, Selwyn, Duke of Buckingham, 
and others. 

rHARTON'S THE QUEENS OF SOCIETY. 
With Prefaoe bv Justin H. McCarthy, M.P. Illus- 
trations by C. A. DoYiJS. In 2 vols., 8vo. English edi- 
tion, 1890, $5.00. 

Delightful anecdotes and gosun about Duchess of Marlbo- 
rough, Madame Roland, Lady Montagu, Mme. de S^vign^, 
Mme. R^camier, Mme. de Stael, La Marquise de Maintenon, 
Lady Henrey, Lady Caroline Lamb, and many others. 

WILSON'S NOCTES AMBROSIANJE. By Prof. 

^^ Wilson, Lockhabt^ Hooo, and Dr. Maqinn. With 

steel portraits and memoirs of the authors, and copiously 

annotated b^ R. Shelton Mackenzie, D.C.L. 6 vols.. 

crown 8yo, mduding ** Christopher North," a memoir ot 

Professor Wilson, from family papers and other sources, by 

his daughter, Mrs. Gordon. Cloth, $9.00. 

Most sinjgrular and delightful outpouring of criticism, politics, 

and descriptions of feelmgs, character, and scenery, of verse 

and prose, of eloquence, and especially of wild fun. 

APOLEON. Memoirs of the Life, Exile, and Con- 
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^ ''ith eight steel portraits, maps, and illustra- 
ilot' 



N 



Lab Cases. 

tions. 4 vob., 8vo, cloth, $0.06< 



N' 



NJ APOLEON IN EXILE ; or, A Voice from St. 

^ ^ Helena. Opinions and Reflections of Napoleon on the 
Most Important Events of his Life and Government, in his 
own woras. By Barry E. O^Meara, his late Surgeon. 
Portrait of Napoleon after Delaroche, and a view of St. He- 
lena, both on steel. 2 vols., 8vo, cloth, $3.00. 

lAPIER'S PENINSULAR WAR. By W. F. P. 
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portraits on steel. 5 vob., 8vo, $7.50. 
The most valuable record of that war which England waged 
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/^RAY. The Works of Thomas Gray, in Prose and 

^^ Verse, Edited by EDinrND Gosse. With portraits, fac- 
similes, etc. 4 vob., crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $6.00. 
^* Every lover of English literature will welcome the works 

of Gray from the hands of an editor so accomplished as Mr. 

GoBse." — London Athenaeum, 

r\ON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA. Translated 
*-^ from the Spanish of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra 
by MoTWUX. With copious notes (including the Spanish 
Ballads), and an essay on the Life and Writinjn of Cervantes 
by John G. Lockhart. Preceded by a Short r^otice of the 
Life and Works of Peter Anthony Motteux by Henri Van 
Laun. Illustrated by 16 original etchings by R. de Los 
Rios. 4 vob., 8vo, cloth, $6.00. 

GIL BLAS OF SANTILLANE. Translated from 
the French of Le Sage by Toblas Smollett. With 
biographical and critical notice of Le Sage by George Saints- 
bury. New edition, carefully revised. Illustrated with 12 
original etchings by R. de Los Rios. 3 vob., 8vo, cloth, $4.50. 

I AZARILLO DE TORMES. By Don Diego Ment- 

^ DOZA. Translated by Thomas RoBOOE. And GUZMAN 

D'ALFARACHE. By Mateo Aleman. Translated by 

Brady. Illustrated with 8 original etchings by R. de Los 

Rios. 2 vob., 8vo, doth, $3.00. 



W 



TTAINE (H. A.). HISTORY OF ENGLISH LIT- 
* ERATURE. Translated by H. Van Laltt, with Intro- 
ductory Rway and Notes by R. H. Stoddard, and steel 
and photofinravure portraits by eminent engravers and artists. 
Four hanasome octavo volumes, cloth, white labeb, $7.50. 
Same in two volumes, eloth, white label, $3.75. 

BROWNING, ELIZABETH BARRETT. POEMS. 
The most satis^tory American edition issoed^rinted 
from excellent type on paper of superior quality. With In- 
troductory Essay by Henry T. Tugkbrman. 3 vols., 8vo, 
gilt tops, $5.25. 

ROTTECK (CHAS. VON, LL.D.) THE HISTORY 
OF THE WORLD. A general hbtory of all natiooB in 
all times. New edition, revised. Illustrated with numer- 
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HEIMBURG'S NOVELS. New uniform edi- 
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morocco, $10.00. 

PICTURESQUE IRELAND. Descriptive and His- 
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mountains, waters, ancient monuments, and modem stmc- 
tures, by Markfield Addey. 2 vob., 4to, cloth extra, 
gilt edges, $10.00. 

These two handsome volumes will make the reader better 
acquainted with the picturesque features of the ^^flmerakl 
Isle " than any work that has ever preceded it. Only by a 
combination of both pen and pencil was it possible to give an 
idea of tiie beauty of Ireland— its marvellous lakes, moun- 
tains, and valleys, romantic streams, mysterious round towers, 
Giant*s Causeway, waterfalb, stately castles, magnifioent re- 
ligious and public edifices, etc. 

CYCLOPEDIA OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES. 
Botany, Zoology, Mineralogy, Geology, Astronomy, Ge- 
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etc. illustrated with over 3,000 wood eiuravings. 1 vol., 
4to, cloth extra, $6.00 ; sheep, $7.50 ; half morocco extra, 
$10.00. 

This Encyclopedia b more than a first-daas book of refer- 
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the means toprocnre for himself a thorough technical self- 
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OLD SPANISH ROMANCES. English Edition, in- 
duding Don Quixote, 4 vob.; Gil Blab, 3 vob.; Laz- 
ARiLLO DE ToRMEs, 2 vob.; AsMODius ; Bachelor of Sal- 
amanca; Gonzales; in all, 12 vob., 8vo, cloth, $21.00. 
The same 12 vob. in half rox., gilt top, $24.00. 
** Thb prettily printed and prettily illustrated collection of 
Spanish romances deserve their welcome from all students of 
seventeenth century literature.''— 2^ Times, 

New and Special Edition of Thagkkray. 
TTHACKERAY'S COMPLETE WORKS. New edi- 
^ tion, printed from new type. .^i< ton </e /lure, with up- 
ward of 1500 illustrations, printed on India paper. 20 hand- 
some vob., 8vo, cloth, paper tiUe, edges uncut, $70.00. 

PAYNE'S ARABIAN NIGHTS. 9 vols., vellum, 
English edition, $67.60. 

ARABIC TALES. 3 vols., vellum, English edi- 
tion, $22.50. 

ALAEDDIN. 1 vol., 8vo, vellum, 87.50. 



Any of the ahove sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, 

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RICH AND ATTRACTIVE HOLIDAY GIFTS. 



SOME .AMERICAN PAINTERS IN 
iVATER-COLORS. 

^ A companion to the remarkably successful collection en- 
titled, *' Fac-Similes of Aquarelles by American Artists." 

Colieetions of Water^Coior Paintings by prominent artists 
have been reproduced in almost perfect fac-aimile. Each one 
of the reproductions is well worthv of framing, and when 
framed could hardly be distinguisned from a wateiMwlor. 
Text by Ripley Hitchcock, author of '^Etching in Amer^ 
icaJ' "Madonnas by Old Masters,*^ etc. Size, 15 z 20 inches. 

The text accopopanying each fac-simile is beautifully printed 
in connection with the portrait of the artist, and a reproduc- 
tion of a blaok-and-white sketch by the artist in each case. 

EDITION DE L UXE—Fmt impressions from the orig^ 
inal stones, with remargue in colors, and the si^rnature of the 
artist, in each case forming an artist-proof edition. In a panel 
on the front cover is a part of one of the fao-eimiles in colors. 
This edition is strictly limited to 250 copies, each of which is 
signed and numbered. Price, $35.00. 

• REGULAR EDITION,— Regvilax impressions, without 
remarque or artistes signature, $12.50. In portfolio, $15.00. 

"BABY SWEETHEARTS. 

New Verses of Child Life by Helbv Oray Ck>KB. HIus- 
tratod by f ao<«imiles of very large sketches in color and in 
outline by Maud Humphrey, tiie artist of " Babes of the* 
Nations." A most attractive work. 12 full-pa^ illustrations 
b^ Maud Humphrey, in many colors, representmg children in 
picturecMiue groups or scenes. Each one of these pages is ac- 
companied b^ a separate pa^, with original verses printed in 
connection with novel outhne sketches of children, flowers, 
etc., by Miss Humphrey. Large folio (size of page, 11 x 14 
inches). Boards, cloth back, $3.00. 

In an exquisite portfolio, with heavy beveled-edge covers, 
tied with large bows of blue silk ribbons. In a box, $4.00. 

FLORA'S KINGDOM. 

A remarkable novelty in the shape of a handsome portfolio, 
ocmtaining 12 sketches of living or personified flowers, etc., 
pahtted by HAifD IN WATSR-COLOBS. on white wateiHsolor 
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at top, bottom, and sides. Size, 7x91-2 inches. 

Price each, in a neat box, $3.00. 

CALENDARS FOR 1891. 

An unusually attractive line, at prices varying from 25 cents 
to $2.50. Among the most noteworthy are the ^' McVickar 
Caijendar," witn 12 fao-similes of drawings of society life ; 
^'Sweethearts'^ and "Bokmie Babies*' Calendars, with 
6 fao-«imiles of Maud Humphrey's delightful sketches of chil- 
dren ; '* Fix>RA's Calendar," after designs by Laura C. 
HiUa ; and '' Cupid's Cauendar," after designs by Mrs. J. 
Pauline Sunter. 

^' Flora's Calendar " can also be had with Mrs. Hill's 
designs hand-painted in wateiMsolors on Whatman boards of 
varioas delicate tints. A very unique present. 

Among the cheaper calendars is the *^FouR Little Women 
Calendar" a fac-eimile of a drawing, by Maud Humphrey, 
representing four little girls standing in a row, and emblem- 
atic of the different seasons. In colors, on heavy cardboard. 
Cnt cat in shape and scored so that it will stand on any desk 
oonveniently. Price, 50 cents. 

(This novelty can be had without dates, but with Christmas 
mottoes, as a Christmas Card, or with Birthday mottoes^ as 
a BiBTHDAY Card. Price, 50 cents in either style.) 



''THUS THINK AND SMOKE TOBACCO/' 

Illustrated by George Wharton Edwards. 
A unique edition of these quaint old verses. With nu- 
merous original illustrations. 1 vol., large 8vo, in a box. In 
a most striking cover of reversed cloth, stiunped^ with letter^ 
ing in gold and surrounding a gold panel in which a curious 
figure of a smoker is broadly shown in gold. With brown 
leather thongs, $2.50. 

XXIf^. BITS OF yERS DE SOCltlL 

A Collection of Selections of Society Verse from Dobson, 
Locker, Learned, Peck, Suckling, Praed, and others of 
the best poets of Eneland and America. Illustrated by 12 
fao-similes of wateiMMUor designs by H. W. McVickar. With 
portrait of Mr. McVickar and several vignette illustrations by 
various artists. 1 vol., 4to. Cloth, $3.00 ; silk, in a box, $3.50. 

FRIENDS FROM MY GARDEN. 

A new volume in the *^ Flowera from Hill and Dale Series," 
with text compiled by Anna M. Pratt, and illustrated by 
Laura C. Hills, with 12 designs in colors representing per^ 
sonified or living flowers. 1 vol.. Square 4to, richly Iwund. 

1. Enameled binding, with cover of enameled cudboard, 
stamped in colors and gold, gilt edges, in box, $2.50. — 2. Cloth, 
richl]^^ stamped in colors and gold, ^t edges, in box, $2.50. 
— 3. SUk, with lettering and design m gold, in box, $3.00. 

Uniform in size with the other volumes of the same series. 

IVATER-COLOR FACSIMILES. 

A most remarkable line of these well-executed copies, done 
in a manney that cannot be excelled. The following subjects, 
by Maud Humphrey, can be had at prices varying from 
$1.00 to $7.50j according to the style of mat, or whether thev 
are prints or signed proofs : ^* Dandelion TVme," ^''Little Folh 
Wide Awake,'^ ''Little Folk in Dreamland,'' and ''Four Little 
Women.'' 

A LOYAL LITTLE %EDCOAT. 

A story of child-life in New York a hundred years ago, by 
Ruth Ogden. With more than 60 vignette illustrations after 
original designs by H. A. Ogden, the well-known delineator 
of American life in Colonial times. 1 vol., 4to, in a most beau- 
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panel, on which apnear the fignies of the *"' Little Redcoat " 
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FROM 'BEGINNING TO END. 

Comments on the life of Christ, written by ten of the most 
prominent clergymen of America : Dr. John Hall, David 
Swing, R. Heber Newton, Bishop Newman, George C. 
LoRiMER, William W. Boyd, Arthur T. Pierson, Hiram 
W. Thomas, Joseph Cook, and T. De Witt Talmaoe. 

Illustrated by lat)Ke photogravures, after paintings by the 
great artists of the Christian era. "' '^' 



18 X 12 inches. In a box, $7.50. 



With ornate cover. Size, 



'"BONNIE LITTLE PEOPLE" 

And " TINY TODDLERS." Each is made up in exacUy 
the same manner as " Baby Sweethearts," but with only hau 
the illustrations. Boards, $1.75 ; in portfolio, $2.50. 

PICTURES OF CHILD LIFE. 

By Maud Humphrey. Exquisite fao-similes of new waters 
color sketches of children, in various occupations and enjoy- 
ments of little people. Beautifully executed in fourteen col- 
ors. On waterK)olor board, 60 cents ; on white satin, $2.00. 



Send for New Catalogue contaifting full description of many Art and Holtoay Publications. On receipt of 10 cents 
this Catalogue and two colored plates or a calendar will be sent to any address. An]r of the above can be had of your 
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FKEDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY, 

Publishers, Importers, booksellers. Stationers, Theaters in Works of cArt, 

No. 182 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK CITY. 

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The original Teacher's Bible 
was pobluhed by 

EYRE & SPOTTIS WOODE. 

The best Teacher's Bible 
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EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE. 



Rival Houses, by imitating tbe leading 
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I. 

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the market, both as to qualitp and workmanship. 
n. 

Thin Whitb Paper Editions, printed on best Rag Pamr 
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in. 

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ter in quality than any low-priced Teacher* s nibles issued, and 
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If your bookseller does not keep this Bible in stock, some 
other one in your city does— try him ! Or send for price list to 

E. & J. B. YOUNG & CO., 
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Dainty Calendars for 1891. 

The Ck)0Y Cobneb C alendab. A series of exquisite indoor 
Window Scenes, reproduced in color by lithography from 
originals by Nelly 0. lincoLi. Size, 7x9; tied with ribboo. 
75 cents. 

The Bibthdat Calendab. A series of daintv pietnrea of 
little children with appropriate verses for each month, re- 
TOpduced in color by lithography, from originals by Eleanor 
W. Talbot Smith. Size, 5 x 6 1-2 ; tied with gold oord. 50c. 

The Calendab of the Months. Twelve Landscape and 
Flower designs, reproduced in lithography from original 
wateiHSolors b^ Ahoe M. Baumgras. Size, 7x7; bound 
with silvered rings and chain. 75 r— ^^ 

"he Seai 
signs, n 
by Alio 



The Season's Calendab, Five Landscape and Flower de- 
signs, reproduced in lithM^raphy from original water-oolors 
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Calendab of the Bibds. Desired by J. Pauline Sonter. 
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The Tennyson Calendab. With block containing quota- 
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.The Oeobob Eliot Calendab. With block containing quo- 
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SONG S OF AME RICA. 

Six Beautiful Holiday Volumes. Illustrations from nature, 
by Charles Copeland : ornaments, by Frank Mvrick : drawn, 
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Tentino on the Old Camp Gbound. 

Tbamp ! Tbamp ! Tbamp ! The Boys abb Mabchino. 

Mabchino Thbough Qeobqia. 

Nellt was a Ladt. 

Massa 's in the Cold, Cold Gbound. 

Mt Old Kentucky Home. 

The Swanbb Riveb. 

Each in 1 vol., full gilt, bronzed arabesoue, doth, ivory fin- 
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These noble and beautiful sonn have been for maaj years 
popular with the American people, from Maine to California, 
and there is hardly a man or woman in the Republic that does 
not know and love them. They are now published in sumptu- 
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illustrations and bindinn, and will find thousands of buyers 
eversrwhere. The Southern scenes illustrated in these poems 
with so much eloquence and pathoe have been reproduced in 
sdmirable pictures, drawn on the spot by the well-known ar- 
tist, Charles Copeland, who has recently spent a long season 
in Georgia and other Southern States, following the track of 
Sherman^s army ^' from Atlanta to the Sea,^^ ai^ malciwg also 
many very telling sketches of scenes on the old rlantations. 
With the nainstaking accuracy of Meiasonier or Detaille, he 
has also collected a great number of uniforms, weapons, stand- 
ards, etc., of the time of the Great Civil War, to make cor- 
rectly his scenes in the inarch of the grand army. 

Sold by all booksellers. Mailed on receipt qfthe price. 
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"ie< DIARIES he Brtrnght into Use,'' 

aUD THK WISE LOBD BAOON 900 TKABS AGO. 

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teaches method, and in the lue of its Gash Accouit sayes 
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one's acts, while if entered in a memorandum book they are 
soon lost. 

ChIU>REN SHOUIiD BB EnOOURAOED TO UsE DiABIES. 

NoTHiNO Better for a Ghribtmab or a New Year's 

Present. 
A Daily Reminder of the Qiyer for a Year. 

Th^ S tandard D iaries 

Havt been published for nearly Forty Years^ 
and are in Use Everywhere, 

FOR 1891 

They are made in 17 Sizes and 350 Styles, at all prices, from 
10 cents np to So.OO each. 

FOR SALE BY ALL STATIONERS. 

Reliable and valuable tables of ir^formaiion make the ** Stand- 
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PUBLISHED BY 

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CAMBRIDGEPORT, MASS. 

Publishers also of Special Diaries for Dentists, and 
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A NEW EDITION DE LUXE 

OF 

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The set wHl be completed in forty-five vglumes^ at 
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is not offered through the regular book trade, 

ESTES & LAURIAT, Publishers, 

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''Christmas comes, Christmas comes, 
Ushered in a rain of plums/' 

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What would Christmas be without them I The 
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Mrs. Rorer's 
HOME Candy Making 

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eating. It will pay you to get one. 

In paper covers^ Jfi cts.; cloth^ 75 eta. 

Your bookseller has it, or we will send it to 
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ARNOLD AND COMPANY, 

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duce always bears distinctive marks of 
originality. For the Winter Season we 
are prepared to furnish very handsome 
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effects. 



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& Co. 



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and 

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WORCESTER'S 

DICTIONARY. 

The Highest Authority known as to the Use 
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The New EdUion includes A DICTIONARY that con- 
tains thousands of words not to be found 
in any other Dictionary; 

y4 Pronouncing Biographical Dictionary 

Of over 12,000 Personages; 

A Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World, 

Noting and locating over 20,000 Places; 

A DiSiionary of Synonymes, 

Containing over 5,000 Words in general use, also OVER 
12,500 NEW WORDS recently added. 

All in One Volume. 

Illustrated with Wood-Cuts and Full-Page Plates. 

The Standard of the leading Publishers, Magazines 
and Newspapers. The Dictionary of the Scholar for 
Spelling, Pronunciation, and Accuracy in Definition. 
Specimen pages and testimonials mailed on application. 
For sale by all Booksellers. 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO., Publishers, 

PHILADELPmA, PA. 



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OF HARTFORD, CONN. 

Principal Accident Company of America. Largest 
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HAS PAID ITS POLICY-HOLDERS OVER 

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ITS ACCIDENT POLICIES 

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f^A few years ago, our fashionable peo- 
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LEADING STYLES. 

Fine Point, - - - Nos. S3S 444 2)2 

'Business. - - - - Nos. 048 14 130 

'Broad Point. - - - Nos. 313 239 284 

TOR SALR BY ALL STATIONERS. 

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Spencerian Steel Pens. 

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Joseph Gillott's 

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GOLD MEDALS, PARIS, 1878 and 1889. 
His Celebrated U^umbers, 

303-404- 1 70-604-3 3 2 

j4nd bis otber styles, may be bad of all dealers 
tbrougbout tbe world. 

JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK. 



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The Best and Most Useful Holiday Gift. 

WEBSTER'S 

International Dictionary 

OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



A New Book from Cover to Cover. 

JUST ISSUED FROM THE PRESS. 



THE Authentic Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, comprising the issues of 1864, 1879, 
and '84, copyrighted property of the undersigned, is now Thoroughly Revised and 
Enlarged under the supervision of Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D., of Yale University, and, as 
a distinguishing title, bears the name of 

Webster's International Dictionary. 

With what liberal expenditure of time and toil and money this duty to scholarship and to 
the public has been performed, partly appears in the following statements : — 

Work having direct specific reference to the publication of this Dictionary has been is 

PROGRESS FOR OVER TEN YEARS. 

Not less than One Hundred Paid Editorial Laborers have been engaged upon it. 
Besides these, a large number of interested scholars have freely contributed in important ways 
to its completeness and value. 

Before the first copy was printed, a sum exceeding Three Hundred Thousand Dollars 
was expended in editing, illustrating, typesetting, and electrotyping. 

These facts are presented as an assurance, which under existing conditions is due to the 
public, that WEBSTER'S INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY is the rightful heir to the 
pre-eminent favor which for more than half a century has been given to the great work of 
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Critical comparison with any other Dictionary is invited. 

GET THE "BEST. 

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Published by G. & C. MERRIAM & CO., Springfield, Mass. 

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CHICAGO, JANUARY, 1891. 



voi.xr. 

No. 129. 



;:i 



BDITED BT 

FRANCIS F. BROWNE. 



HARPER'S MAGAZINE 

FOR JANUARY, 1891. 



IN this number, Charles Dudley Warner, in 
a paper of great practical value, describes "The 
Outlook in Southern California/' Many 
illu8ti*ations of scenery and interesting objects in 
the fruit-growing regions of California accompany 
the paper. The extremely popular series of illus- 
trated articles on South ^America is resumed by 
Mr. Child in this number, giving his " Impres- 
sions of Peru." F. Anstey contributes an arti- 
cle on " Loftdon OAusic HaUs," iUustrated from 
a number of dravrings by Joseph Pennell. In 
" Another Chapter of DAy [Memoirs/' M. De 
Blowitz tells how he became a journalist, and re- 
lates some reminiscences of the Franco-Prussian 
War and the days of the Paris Commune. The 
chief place in fiction is given to the opening chap- 
ters of Charles Egbert Craddock's new novel, "In 
the ^Stranger People's' Country," illustrated by 
W. T. Smedley. " At the ' Casa Napoleon' " is a 
story of Life in the Spanish Quarter of S^ew 
York City, written by Thomas A. Janvier, aud 
illustrated by Smedley. "A Modern Legend " is a 
beautiful short story by Vida D. Scudder. "Saint 
Anthony — j4 Christmas Eve ballad/' by Mrs. E. 
W. Lattimer, is accompanied by three striking 
Illustrations from drawings by C. S. Reinhart. 
Several other choice poems are included. The 
usual variety of subjects is discussed in the Edito- 
rial Departments, conducted by George William 
Curtis, William Dean Howells, and Charles 
Dudley Warner. 

Subscribe Now to HARPER'S MAGAZINE, 

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IVORDSIVORTH'S SONNETS. 
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London Letters and Some Others. By George W. 
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PORT TARASCON: 

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Richly Illustrated by Rossi, Myrbach, Monteout, 
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THE TSAR AND HIS PEOPLE; 

Or, Social Life in Russia. Profusely Illustrated. Square 
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FOLLOWING THE GUIDON. 
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THE 



CARISBROOKE LIBRARY. 



EDITED BY 



HENRY MORLEY, LL.D., 

Emeritus Professor of English Literature at University 
College^ London, 



« One of the most valuable series of books now com- 
ing from the press." — Christian Union, 

Vol. 1.— THE TALE OF A TUB, AND OTHER WORKS. 
By Jonathan Swift. 

Vol. 2.-TALES OP THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS, BE- 
ING THE CONFESSIO AMANTIS OF JOHN 
GOWER. 

Vol. 3.— THE EARLIER LIFE AND THE CHIEF EAR- 
LIER WORKS OF DANIEL DEFOE. 

Vol. 4.-EARLY PROSE ROMANCES. 

Vol. 5.-EARLY PROSE WRITINGS OF JOHN MILTON. 

Vol. 6.-PAR0DIES and OTHER BURLESQUE PIECES 
by Canning, Ellis, and Fbesb. 

Vol. 7.-TASS0'S JERUSALEM DELIVERED. Traaa- 
lated by Edward Faibfax. 

Vol. 8.-L0ND0N UNDER ELIZABETH: A Survey of 
London by John Stow. 

VoL 9.-MASQUES AND ENTERTAINMENTS. By 
Ben Jonson. 

Vol. lO.-IRELAND UNDER ELIZABETH and JAMES 
THE FIRST. By Spenseb, Davibs, and Mo- 

BTSON. 

Vol. U.-GULLIVER'S TRAVELS and OTHER WORKS. 
By Jonathan Swift. 

Vol. 12.-MEM0IRS OF MY LIFE AND WRITINGS. By 
Edward Gibbon. 

Vol. 13.-MACHLAVELLI'S HISTORY OF FLORENCE. 

{In press,) 

Others in preparation, 
ISmOy cloth, cut or uncut edges, per vol,, fl,00. 
Half roxburghe, gilt top, per vol., . . 1.S5. 



" A series of handsomely printed volumes." — The 
Critic, 

*< Of the Carisbrooke Library we have nothing to say 
but praise." — Saturday Review, 

" Professor Morley is doing excellent service in this 
new series." — N. Y. Times. 

<< Lovers of the literature of their tongue and race 
owe Mr. Morley a debt of- gratitude." — Providence 
Journal. 

For sale by all Booksellers^ or will be sent postpaid, on re- 
ceipt of the advertised price, by the Publishers, 

George Routledge & Sons, Limited, 

No. 9 Lafayettk Place, NEW YORK. 



WORCESTER'S 

DICTIONARY. 

The Highest Authority knmon as to the Use 
of the English Language. 

The New EdUion includes A DICTION ART that eon- 
tains thousands of words not to be found 
in any other Dictionary; 

A Pronouncing Biographical Di^ionarp 

Of over 12,000 Personages; 

/t Pronouncing Gazetteer of the IVorld, 

Noting and locating over 20,000 FUoes; 

A Di^ionaty of Synonymes, 

Containing over 5,000 Words in general use, also OVER 
12,500 NEW WORDS recently added. 

All in One Volume. 

Illustrated with Wood-Cuts and Full-Page Plates. 

The Standard of the leading PublisherSy Magazines 
and Newspapers, The Dictionary of the Sch<dar for 
Spelling f Pronunciation, and Accuracy in Dejinitum. 
Specimen pages and testimonials mailed on application. 
For sale by all Booksellers. 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO., PuBLiSHFJifl, 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
INSURE IN 

The Travelers, 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 

PrindpaZ Accident Company ofAmerioou La^rged 
in the World. 

HAS PAID ITS POLICY-HOLDERS OVEB 

$16,^00,000.00. 

ITS ACCIDENT POLICIES 

Indemnify the Businefls or Professional Man or Fanner for his 
Profits, the Wage-Worker for his Wagee, lost from AccideDtal 
Injury, and guarantee Principal Sum in case of death. No 
Extra Charge for European Travel and Reridenoe. 

Full Principal Sum paid for lots of Hands, Feet, Hand 
and Foot, or Si^t, hy Accident. OinM?HiBD same for loss of 
singrle Hand or Foot. 

Rates as Low as will PERMANENTLY secure Full 
PATMEirr of Policies. Only^ $5.00 a year to Professional or 
Business Men for each $1,000 with $5.00 Weekly Indemni'or. 

This Company issues also the hest Life Ain> Ekdowhkht 
PouciES in the market. Ikdefsasiblb, Non-Forfeefablb, 

WORLI>-Wn)B. 

FULL PAYMENT IS SECURED BY 

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Not left to the chanees of an Empt^ Treasury 
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AGENCIES AT ALL IMPORTANT POINTS 
IN THE U, S. AND CANADA, 
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President, Secretary, Asst. See^p. 



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Spencerian Steel Pens. 

THE 'BEST in the essential qualities 
of Durability. Ei^enness of Point, 
and IVORKMANSHIP. Samples of the 
leading numbers wiU he sent FREE on 
receipt of return postage, two cents. 

THE SPENCERIAN PEN CO., 

810 Broadway, NEW YOEK. 

'BOORUM &- TEASE, 

MAKUFACTURXR8 OF 

THE STANDARD BLANK BOOKS 

(For the Trade Only.) 
U SHEETS {100 pp,) TO THE QUIRE, 
Everything from the smallest Pass-Book to the larg- 
est Ledger, suitable to all purposes — Commercial, Edu- 
cational, and Household uses. 

For Sale by all Booksellers and Stationers. 

FACTORY, BROOKLYN. 

Offices and Salesrooms, - - - 90 and 32 Reade Street, 

New York City. 

H/iyE YOU ever tried the Fine Corre- 
§^idence Papers made by the PVhiting 
Taper Company, of Holyoke? You 
wiU find tbem correct for all the uses 
of polite society. Tbey are made in both 
rough and smooth finish, and in all the 
fashionable tints. Sold by all dealers 
in really fine stationery throughout the 
United States. 

Joseph Gillott's 

STEEL TENS. 



GOLD MEDALS, PARIS, 1878 and 1889. 
His Celebrated U^umbers. 

303-404- 1 70-604-3 3 2 

And bis other styles, may be bad of aU dealers 
throughout the world. 

JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK. 



esterbrook's 

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The Atlantic for January 



Four Chapters of 

The House of OAartba, 

Mr. Stockton's Serial. 



CONTAINS: 

An Inherited Talent, 

A charming accoant, with letters, of the great- 
granddaughter of Madame de Sevignd, by 
Harriet Waiers Preston. 



An important paper on 

A O^ew University Course, 

By Cleveland Abbe. 

!7{oto: An Unexplored Corner of Japan, 

First of several articles by Percival Lowell. 

Compulsory ^Arbitration, 

A notable paper toward the solution of the "labor 
cjuestion," by Charles Worcester Clark. 

Individualism in Education, 

By Prof. N. S. Shaler. 

^oulangism and the T{epublic, 

By Prof. Adolphe Cohn. 



Txw Tbibsopbers of the Taradoxical: 
I. Hegel, 

By Prof. JosiAH Royce. 

Tbe Lesson of tbe Tennsylvania 
Election, 

By Henry Charles Lea. 

A Swiss Farming Village , 

By Sophia Kirk. 

Felicia. XIII. 

By Fanny N. D. Murfree. 
With Poems, Reviews, etc. 



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Vol. XI. JANUARY, 1891. No. 129. 



CONTENTS. 

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF NEW 

ENGLAND. W. F. PooU 279 

LOWELL FOR POSTERITY. MelmlU B, Anderson 286 

THE FOUNDING OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE. 

Charles H, Cooper 288 

ANDERSON^S EDITION OF BACON»S ESSAYS. 

Albert S. Cook 290 

BRIEfS ON NEW BOOKS 292 

Siiialley*8 London Letters.— The Centnry Dictionary, 
Volnme IV.— Dodge's Alexander : A History of the 
Ori§rin and Growth of the Art of War.— Mis. Reed's 
Hindu Literature ; or, The Ancient Books of India. 
—King's Campaigning with Crook.— Mabie's My 
Study Fire.— Gray's Making the Best of Things.— 
Hoyt's Handbook of Historic Schools of Painting.— 
Stewart's The Tale of Troy. 

BOOKS OF THE MONTH 295 



ECONOMIC ANI> SOCIAL HISTORY OF NEW 
ENGLANI>.* 



The civil, political, and religious history of 
the New England colonies has been more 
thoroughly investigated and carefully written 
than any other portion of American annals; 
but no writer before Mr. Weeden has un- 
•dertaken to treat their history solely on its 
-economic and social side. The methodical 
manner in which those colonists conducted their 
business, and the habit of preserving their 
papers, furnish the most abundant materials 
for ascertaining their mode of life, and the 
means by which they early attained all nec- 
•essary home comforts and a success in com- 
merce and domestic industries which has no 
parallel in the colonization of any other people. 

The Earl of Bellomont, royal Governor of 
Massachusetts Bay, reported in 1700 that Bos- 
ton had 194 vessels in the foreign and coasting 
trade, and that a thousand vessels cleared an- 
nually from the port for the Southern colonies, 
l^est Indies and Europe, laden with dried fish, 

• Economic and Social History of New ENauLND. 
1620-1789. By William B. Weeden. In two volumes. Boston: 
fioosrliton, Mifflin & Co. 



lumber, masts, and naval stores, and bringing 
back the products of all countries. Boston at 
that time was the " mart town " of the West 
Indies, and the New Englanders outstripped 
all other nations in this trade. 

The feeble Pilgrim colony which settled at 
Plymouth in 1620 had no part in this vigorous 
material development. It was done by the 
22,000 Puritans who, under Winthrop, landed 
in Massachusetts Bay from 1680 to 1640, and 
by their descendants. Some writers err in us- 
ing the terms Pilgrims and Puritans as mean- 
ing the same people. Both were Englishmen, 
but their history, habits of thought and proclivi- 
ties were unlike. The Pilgrims, tamed by per- 
secution and banishment to Holland, were liv- 
ing mainly for the next world. The Puritans, 
on the other hand, while not regardless of the 
next world, were for taking in a good share of 
this world as they went along. In 1640 the 
emigration to New England ceased, on account 
of the conflict rising between Parliament and 
the King, and more persons went back to join 
the parliamentary army than came over. For 
the next hundred years the immigration to New 
England was very small, and not equal to the 
number of persons who left it to join newer 
settlements. The rapid increase of population, 
therefore, during the period was wholly from 
the natural increase, and obedience to the 
Scriptural injunction, " Be fruitful and multi- 
ply." The number of children in families then 
seem in our day to be enormous. From that 
prolific stock has sprung a race of men and 
women who, by character, energy, and ideas, 
have largely controlled the tier of Northern 
States from the Atlantic to the Pacific. For 
the first century and a half, the people of New 
England showed none of the roving tendencies 
they have since developed. They were isolated, 
having little personal intercourse, except in 
the way of business, with the other colonies or 
with England. They were multiplying, working 
out their own problems, and resisting the en- 
croachments of England on their chartered 
rights. In these controversies they were the 
most acute diplomatists in the world. In 
manners and speech they retained habits and 
words which had became obsolete in England. 
The statement was made about forty years ago 
by Dr. Palfrtv, that one-third of the^^rsons i 

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then in the United States had a strain of the 
New England blood which came over before 
1640. During the present century the old hive 
has swarmed, and New England men are found 
in every community in our land. 

The early material prosperity of New Eng- 
land was helped by the political complications 
in the mother country. From 1630 to 1640, 
Charles I. and his ministers were too busy with 
the troubles at home to give much attention to 
the American colonies. Hence the colonists 
managed affairs in their own way, and assumed 
powers and rights which were not defined in 
their charters. The revolution of 1640, the 
rule of the Long Parliament and the protector- 
ship of Cromwell, were all in their favor, and 
gave the colonies twenty more years of undis- 
turbed quiet in which to develop their business 
and commercial interests. On the restoration 
of Charles II., in 1660, these interests had be- 
come so large it was not easy for King and par- 
liament to curb them. 

The difficulties of making a settlement in an 
inhabited country are great, and are attended 
with more or less of discomfort and privation. 
Nothing in the way of contrast can be greater 
than the experience of the first settlers of Vir- 
ginia and those of New England. Both classes 
were Englishmen, but they were not the same 
kind of Englishmen. The wretchedness and 
misery of the earlier years of the settlement at 
Jamestown would be incredible if the state- 
ment were not based on reliable testimony and 
acknowledged by modern Virginia writers. A 
history of Virginia by Mr. John Esten Cooke, 
himself a Virginian, appeared in the " Ameri- 
can Commonwealths Series" seven years ago; 
and nothing can be more distressing, or more 
likely to debase one's estimate of human nature, 
than the narrative, as told by this Virginian, 
of what occurred during the first three years 
of the Virginia colony. The following is an 
extract from the notice of the book made by me 
at the time : 

« We can understand how men not fitted for such an 
enterprise should engage in it ; how they could miss of 
success by their quarrels and by weak and inefficient 
leaders ; but it is inconceivable how Englishmen, Cava- 
lier Englishmen, gentlemen — as they were proud to call 
themselves — should in a land of the highest fertility 
and most genial climate, neglect year after year to put 
in crops ; should beg, borrow, and steal their com from 
the Indians, or wait in idleness for it to come from Eng- 
land ; and then actually starve by hundreds in a locality 
which is to-day the paradise of fishermen and sportsmen, 
and supplies the Chicago market with oysters, soft-shell 
crabs, and canvas-back ducks. <The horrors of this 
terrible period,* says Mr. Cooke, < are summed up in a 



simple statement : Nearly 500 persons had been left in 
the ooloiiy in September [1609], and six months after- 
wards there remained not past sixty men, women, and 
children, most miserable and poor creatures. Of the 
whole number more than 400 had perished — dead from 
starvation, or slain by the Indian hatchet. At last they 
became cannibals. A man killed his wife and ate part 
of her body. An Indian was killed and buried, t>ut the 
poorer sort took him up and ate him, and so they did 
one another, boiled and stewed with roots and herbs.' ^ 

The New England colonists solved the food 
problem in a practical way by purchasing In- 
dian com of the Narragansett Indians and 
learning from them the mode of cultivation. 
Ground recently cleared of wood bore a good 
crop without ploughing. As the Indians of 
Eastern Massachusetts had been swept off by 
pestilence, their arable fields were planted. 
Excellent fish were abundant, and the shores 
furnished clams which are a luxury with epi- 
cures at this day. They had a bountiful crop 
of garden vegetables the first year. As com- 
merce was nc^ed to provide commissary stores 
for the rapidly increasing number of settlers, 
the ship carpenters were put to work, and on 
July 4, 1631, Governor Winthrop launched 
the first vessel, " The Blessing of the Bay," of 
sixty tons burden. During the next three 
years 10,000 bushels of corn were brought 
from Virginia. From the first, the colonists 
were well fed and happy. 

The land was distributed and not sold. The 
Court made a grant of land for a town, and 
delegated the distribution of it to seven per- 
sons, who laid out the tract and assigned lots 
to individuals, not on a principle of democratic 
equality, but on the official and social standing 
of the individuals, their character, wealth, size 
of their families, number of servants, etc 
Democracy and social equality were then terms 
which had no meaning. No one could have a 
voice in town affairs imless he had been elected 
a freeman by the Court, and after May 31, 
1631, unless he was a church-member. Aug- 
ust 3, 1664, this law was repealed by com- 
mand of the King, although worse restrictions 
were in force in England. Each town enacted 
" Town Orders " such as the following : " No 
person shall entertain inmate for a longer time 
than three days, without consent of four of the 
selectmen, and shall pay for every day they 
offend, sixpence." As to attendance at town- 
meeting, it was ordered: "If any inhabitant shall 
fail of making his appearance at 8 of the 
clock in the morning, he shall pay to the use 
of the town two shillings ; and if he shall ab- 
sent himself above one quaHet^ of an ^ hour 

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without leave of the assembly, the like sum." 
Harsh as these laws seem, they were mild com- 
pared with those of Virginia and England at 
the same time. 

It is interesting to see how a people who ar- 
ranged their social affairs on this basis could 
conduct business matters, and first, shipbuild- 
ing. Hugh Peters, in 1640, at Salem, built a 
ship of 300 tons, called " The Trial," and in 
1642 one of 160 tons was built at Boston. 
There was little or no money in the colony, and 
the shipwrights were paid in " truck." The 
business rapidly extended to towns where tim- 
ber and living were cheap. Randolph reported 
in 1676 that the Massachusetts colony had SO 
vessels of from 100 to 260 tons, 200 of from 
50 to 100 tons, 200 of from 30 to 50 tons, 
and 800 smaller vessels. Of the smaller class, 
the " ketch," with two masts carrying lanteen 
sails, did a coasting trade, and even ventured 
on foreign voyages. Vessels could be built 
and sold at a profit of £4 per ton, and they 
found a ready market in the West Indies and 
in Holland. They were cheaper, and in strength 
equal and in sailing qualities superior to Eu- 
ropean vessels. In 1724 the ship-builders on 
the Thames complained to the King that their 
trade was injured on account of New England 
competition, and that their workmen were em- 
igrating. About this time the schooner was 
invented at Gloucester, Mass., which holds its 
precedence among sailing craft to this day, 
as it will sail faster and can be managed with 
a smaller crew than a square-rigged vessel. 
Douglas states that the business of ship-build- 
ing in New England maintained thirty differ- 
ent classes of tradesmen and artificers. The 
Pepperill family, at Kittery, Maine, built and 
employed more than a hundred vessels in the 
cod-fishery on the Banks, and their ships, la- 
den with dried fish, lumber, and naval stores, 
sailed all over the world, and brought back 
cargoes from the West Indies, Portugal, and 
the Mediterranean. 

Bhode Island and Connecticut each entered 
largely into the shipping business. In 1741 
Newport owned 120 vessels ; and in 1763, 184 
cleared for foreign parts. Providence in 1764 
had 54 vessels, of which 40 were in the West 
India trade and 14 were coasters. Connecti- 
cut in 1761 had 45 vessels in foreign trade. 
A remonstrance to the Lords of the Board of 
Trade stated that 150 vessels from Rhode Is- 
land went to the West Indies annually and 
brought away 14,000 hogsheads of molasses. 

One of the largest factors in the early pros- 



perity of the New England colonies was the 
cod-fishery. The Court in 1639 recognized it 
as an interest of the highest importance, and 
exempted vessels and outfit from all taxes, and 
fishermen were relieved from military train- 
ing. Dried fish found a ready market and 
good prices in the West Indies and the Cath- 
olic countries of Europe. Codfish has an im- 
portant relation to the early settlements in 
New England. Gosnold came on the coast 
in 1602, took great quantities of cod, and 
named the headland Cape Cod. Many a Eu- 
ropean vessel which came for ore, returned 
with codfish and made a profitable voyage. 
The book is yet to be written on the theme, 
" The Relation of Codfish to American Col- 
onization." Fifty years before the settlement 
at Massachusetts Bay, 150 sails of French ves- 
sels, 100 Spanish, 50 English, and SO Biscay- 
men, were annually on the Banks of New- 
foundland fishing for cod ; and it is strange 
that permanent settlement of the American 
coast was so long delayed. Codfish, which is 
now spoken of with disrespect, was once an 
emblem which graced the paper currency of 
the Massachusetts colony, and was surrounded 
with the legend, "Staple of the Massachu- 
setts." In the old Town-house in Boston, 
erected in 1657, was suspended from the ceil- 
ing the effigy of a codfish. The building and 
the codfish were destroyed by fire in 1747. 
The building was reconstructed and the rep- 
lica of the codfish replaced in the old State 
House at the head of State street. It is the 
oldest codfish in the sea or on land, in salt or 
in pickle; and now is suspended over the 
heads of the legislators in the Hall of Repre- 
sentatives in the State House on Beacon HiU* 
Dr. Franklin recommended the wild turkey 
for the position now occupied by the eagle on 
the shield and coinage of our republic. It is 
unfortunate that the claims of the codfish did 
not occur to him. 

Whaling was another industry in which the 
colonies engaged very early and surpassed all 
competitors. Whales were then very numer- 
ous, and they were frequently stranded on the 
coast. Towns made contracts with local syn- 
dicates to have all drift and stranded whales 
at £16 each. The capture of live whales be- 
gan in 1645 by watching for them from the 
shore and sending out boats to harpoon them. 
The south shore of Nantucket was divided into 
four sections, each of which was patrolled by 
watchmen. When whales became scarce near 
the coast, vessels were fitted out to capture them 

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in the open sea, and then the sperm whale was 
found which seldom came near the shore. The 
size of the vessels was about thirty tons, and 
they would be absent for six weeks. As the 
whales became still scai-cer, larger vessels 
were used which ranged the ocean from Davis 
Straits to Cape Horn. The British govern- 
ment encouraged this fishery, and gave a 
bounty of £4 per ton on oil. The business 
prospered, and the whalers became rich. Ed- 
mund Burke said of it : 

" Neither the perseverance of Holland, nor the ac- 
tivity of France, nor the dexterous and firm sagacity of 
English enterprise, ever carried this most perilous 
mode of hardy industry to the extent to which it has 
been pushed by this recent people.'' 

The annual products of this industry were es- 
timated to be 45,000 barrels of sperm oil, 
8,600 of right-whale oil, and 75,000 pounds of 
whalebone, which sold for 4s. per pound in 
Europe. 

The policy of England has always been to 
discourage manufactures in its colonies. The ' 
early policy of New England was to supply 
itself with staple articles of its own manu- 
facture, and the Court took these matters into 
its own charge. In 1640 it ordered that towns 
provide flax-seed, and ascertain what persons 
are skilful in breaking, spinning, and weaving 
flax, and that boys and girls be taught to spin 
linen and cotton ; it also provided a bounty for 
linen, woollen, or cotton cloth, if the first two 
were made from wool or linen grown in the 
colony. Cotton was brought from the West 
Indies and Barbadoes. The Court recom- 
mended the gathering and spinning of wild 
hemp, which the Indians used for ropes and 
mats. Homespun industries were well estab- 
lished in 1643, and furnished the common 
wear of the people. Fulling mills were set up, 
and the hand-weaving of yam sent in by fam- 
ilies became a business. The town of Rowley 
had twenty families from Yorkshire skilled in 
cloth manufacture. The Court encouraged 
sheep-raising, and ordered the towns to inquire 
how many persons would buy sheep three years 
old at forty shillings each. The number of sheep 
increased from 1,000 in 1642 to 3,000 in 1652. 
The Court fostered every industrial interest. 
A rope-walk was started in Salem in 1636 ; 
a tannery in Ipswich in 1634, and later in 
many towns. These furnished enough leather 
to supply the people. Diy hides were brought 
from Virginia and elsewhere. Glass manu- 
facture began in Salem in 1641, and the Court 
authorized ^^ the town to lend the glass-man 



£30 and deduct it from the next town rate." 
Saltpetre for gunpowder was collected from 
poultry-coops in all the towns, and Boston 
built a house for making gunpowder in the 
prison yard. The manufacture of potash be- 
came an important interest. One man could 
cut and bum the wood from four acres, ^and 
produce eight tons of potash worth £50 per 
ton. Of tar and pitch, from 7,000 to 9,000 
barrels were exported annually. Wire was 
needed, and the Court ordered that " iE16 be 
expended for a set of wire-drawing tools, and 
that the treasurer pay 40s. to any who might 
make cards and pins of the wire." Beer was 
the old English beverage, and the Court or- 
dered that ^^ no one shall make beer except a 
good brewer." "Beer sold at 3d. a quart 
shall carry six bushels of malt to the hogs- 
head ; 2d. a quart, four bushels ; Id. a quart, 
2 bushels ; and less in proportion." 

Iron was an article of prime necessity, and 
the first attempt at iron smelting began at 
Lynn and Saugus in 1642, from hematite, or 
bog-ore, found in the meadows and ponds ; and 
it was a success. Another plant was soon estab- 
lished at Braintree, and later one at Taunton. 
The Court fostered the business by taking 
stock, freeing the plant from taxes for seven 
years, and the workmen from military duties. 
They used sea-shells as a flux, and made a good 
quality of bar iron. Some of it was exported 
to England when charcoal iron was scarce. 
These works supplied the New England colonies 
with iron until the large requirements for ship- 
building made it necessary to import an in- 
ferior and cheaper grade of iron. The Crown 
Commissioners reported in 1665 that ^^ a good 
store of iron" is made in Massachusetts. Iron 
manufacture has continued to be the leading 
interest in Braintree and Taunton to the pre- 
sent day. Lynn has been a centre of the manu- 
facture of shoes for more than two centuries. 

The labor question pestered the early colon- 
ists even more than it has the employers of our 
time. The laborers would strike and demand 
higher wages. The Court, which regulated 
everything else, thought it could adjust the 
labor question. In 1633 it ordered that the 
daily wages of superior mechanics, "master 
carpentei's, sawyers, masons, clapboard-rjrvers, 
wheelwrights," etc., " should not be above two 
shillings per day, or 14 pence and board." 
Master tailors were not to receive more than 
12d. and inferiors 8d. per day with diet. A pen- 
alty of five shillings was laid if more was given 
or received. The next year the penalty was re- 
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mitted so far as the employers were concerned, 
and several laborers were fined for receiving 
more than 2s. 6d. per day. The scheme did not 
work, and was repealed in 1635. Free trade 
in labor was equally unsatisfactory ; and in 
1636 towns were authorized to fix the price of 
labor within their borders. In 1640 there 
was a general collapse in business and prices, 
as has been stated. 

There were trusts attempted in those days. 
*' The shoemakers of Boston complain of much 
bad work produced by their craft, and ask that 
they may be joined in one large company that 
all boots might be alike made well." The Court 
did not see the matter in that light, and declined 
to grant the boon. 

For a century and a half the business of the 
colonies was hampered from the want of some 
standard medium of exchange. The first 
money was wampum ; then beaver skins were 
used for money ; then barter and ''country pro- 
duce," colonial paper notes, and ''fiat money." 
Specie was so scarce as to be a commodity and 
not a circulating medium. In 1652 Massachu- 
setts coined silver money, the shilling, six-penny, 
and three-penny pieces, — an attribute of sov- 
ereignty, which would not have been permitted 
if the Puritan Protector had cared to interfere. 
The first coin named was the famous " pine-tree 
shilling." These coins were issued for thirty 
years, but all bore the date 1652. They were 
below the standard of English silver, and were 
merely tokens which, it was supposed, would 
remain in New England ; but they disappeared. 
The accounts of Harvard College during the 
period show that com, cabbages, and turnips 
were a common medium of exchange. The 
Governor paid the college bills of his son in 
" country produce." Taxes were paid in the 
same manner, and sometimes fat cattle walked 
into the treasury. It was one thing to com 
money and another to keep it in the country. 
It went to Europe and was melted up for what 
the silver was worth. 

In 1690, Massachusetts begau to issue bills 
of credit equal to money and payable to bearer. 
A period of inflation followed, and silver ad- 
vanced to 17 shillings per ounce. In 1744, 
the colony issued biUs to the amount of two 
million pounds to pay the expenses of the Lou- 
isbourg expedition. " Business, however," says 
Gov. Hutdiinson, " was brisk, and men in trade 
increased their figures, but were sinking the 
real value of their stock ; and the morals of the 
people depreciated with the currency." Great 
Britain repaid Massachusetts, in 1749, the ex- 



penses of the Louisbourg expedition in specie, 
and Hutchinson, being then the speaker of the 
house of representatives, brought forward the 
scheme to use the specie in redeeming all out- 
standing bills of credit at the current depressed 
rate as compared with specie. It was a bold 
scheme and met with much opposition from the 
" fiat green backers " of that time ; but his 
arguments and great personal influence carried 
the measure, and the redemption was made at 
the rate of one of specie to eleven of bills. 
When it was done, business with the outside 
world returned to its normal channels, specie 
was abundant, foreign trade became prosperous, 
and Massachusetts was not again cursed with 
a fiat currency until the Revolutionary War. 
Immense fortunes were accumulated by the 
merchants of Boston during the next twenty- 
five years. 

The question of bimetalism was discussed as 
earnestly at that period as in our times ; but 
silver was then the standard, and gold the com- 
modity. The silver standard was 6 s. 8d. the 
ounce, and gold, though not a legal tender, 
passed current at 28s. the guinea. A bill was 
introduced into the house of representatives 
making gold a legal tender at the above rate. 
Hutchinson opposed the measure on the ground 
that the relative value of the metals fluctuated ; 
and that putting gold on an equality with silver 
would be " the first step of our return to Egypt. 
One only ought to be the standard, and the 
other considered as merchandise." James Otis 
took the other side, and the question was dis- 
cussed with much earnestness and ability. At 
a later session, when silver had dropped to 5s. 
3d. the ounce, a bill passed making gold as well 
as silver a legal tender. 

For nearly a hundred years the dark shadow 
of slavery rested upon the New England colo- 
There was abroad in the world no phil- 



nies. 



anthropic sentiment on the subject. The first 
two negroes brought to Boston, in 1645, were 
sent back to Guinea by order of the Court. In 
1677, some negro slaves were brought in from 
Barbadoes and exchanged for Indian captives 
taken in King Philip's war. In 1696, Madam 
Knight in her journal said : " The Connecticut 
farmers show too much kindness to their slaves." 
Judge Samuel Sewall, in 1700, printed a tract 
discussing the question "whether all the bene- 
fit received from negro slaves will balance the 
amount of cash laid out upon them." He con- 
cludes thus : " These Ethiopians, as black as 
they are, seeing that they are the sons and 
daughters of the first Adam, the bretl»?^n and | 

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sisters of the last Adam, and the offspring of 
God, they ought to be treated with a respect 
agreeable." This is the first anti-slavery tract 
known, and although very mild it did not come 
too soon. There was a strange obtuseness in the 
minds of good men concerning the wrongs of 
the system and the enormous cruelties of the 
slave trade in which New England had a large 
share. The Winthrops and the leading clergy- 
men had their black and Indian '^ servants." 
Slavery was conducted in New England as hu- 
manely as possible ; but it was slavery notwith- 
standing. The most disgraceful feature was 
the trade in negroes carried on by New England 
vessels between the coast of Africa, West Indies, 
and the Southern colonies. Newport, R. I., was 
the chief port of the slave trade, but Connecti- 
cut and Massachusetts had a share in it. 

In 1698 the slave trade was laid open to 
private competition by Parliament ; and in 
1708 the Board of Trade addressed a circular 
letter to all the colonies inquiring for statis- 
tics and encouraging them to pursue it, " it 
being absolutely necessary that a trade so 
beneficial to the King should be carried on to 
the greatest advantage." The African trade 
was carried on in vessels of 40 or 50 tons bur- 
den. The space between the decks where the 
negroes were stored was three feet, ten inches. 
The law restricted vessels from carrying more 
than two and a half negroes to each ton. 
Small vessels were found more profitable than 
large ones. The outward cargo was chiefly 
rum, provisions, vinegar, onions, and hand- 
cuffs. The negroes were exchanged in the 
West Indies for molasses, which was taken to 
Newport and distilled into rum which had 
driven the French brandies from the African 
coast. Governor Hopkins stated that Rhode 
Island, for thirty years prior to 1764, had an- 
nually sent to the coast of Africa eighteen ves- 
sels with 1,800 hogsheads of rum, and the 
profits were about ,£40,000. Newport had 
twenty-two distilleries. 

The domestic use of rum was enormous in 
New England. As a beverage it was less in- 
jurious to health than modern corn whiskey. 
Massachusetts in 1750 distUled 15,000 hogs- 
heads of molasses, and the product was used 
in the fisheries, the lumbering and shipbuilding 
districts, on shipboard, by common laborers, 
and for exportation to Africa. The price of a 
prime negro on the coast in 1752 was 100 gal- 
lons of rum. Cider was the common stimulat- 
ing beverage of the farmers and middle classes. 
Merchants and men of wealth stored their cel- 



lars with the fine wines of Portugal and the 
Madeira Islands. There was no prohibition 
or total abstinence in those days. 

The houses of the people at first were poor 
and cramped ; but as the country grew richer, 
the dwellings were larger, more comfortable, 
and some of them elegant. Many of the better 
class of houses with white oak frames built a 
century and a half or two centuries ago, now 
exist, are still occupied, and are good for a 
century to come. Some, like the Lee and 
Hooper houses in Marblehead, are admired 
for their exquisite architecture and interiors, 
and are copied in modern structures. The 
wide fire-place ; the huge backlog ; the crane ; 
the spit, jack, and pothooks ; the singing tea- 
kettle and pots large and small swung on the 
large crane ; the massive andirons and the bel- 
lows, — all these are remembered by persons 
now living ; but they are gone, except that the 
fire-place, backlog, and andirons are lately re- 
vived in fashionable residences. The tallow 
candle, pewter candlestick, and snuffers ; the 
wooden blocks in chimney comers where the 
children sat and popped corn ; the high-backed 
'* settle " which shielded the shoulders of the 
elders from the cold and vagrant air-currents ; 
the brick oven by the side of the fire-place ; 
the brass warming-pan with cover like a 
strainer standing in the comer waiting for hot 
coals when the children are ready to go to bed 
in the attic ; the basket of apples on the table, 
and the cider pitcher which went often to the 
cellar ; the dresser with its gorgeous display of 
bright pewter dishes ; the beams and ceiling 
hung with ears of seed com, crooknecks, and 
links of sausages, — are typical of the content, 
comfort, and happiness of the early New Eng- 
land people. 

John Hull of Boston was the ideal merchant 
of the first century. He was treasurer of the 
colony, and its mint-master. His ships went 
all over the world, and the letters to his captains 
in foreign ports are entertaining reading. He 
mixed up pious exhortation and pine-tree shill- 
ings, a pure conscience towards God and se- 
lected codfish, the dross of earth and the gold of 
heaven, in a delightful way. A captain advises 
him to send a cargo of pipe-staves, hoops, and 
codfish to the Canaries. He declines, and says : 

" I am more desirous to be thoughtful of launching 
into the vast ocean of eternity, whither we must shortly 
be carried, so I might be in a prepared posture for my 
Lord's coming." 

He usually concluded the instructions to his 
captains thus : 

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" Leave no debts behind you wherever you go ; see 
to the worship of God every day in the vessel, and to the 
sanctification of the Lord's day and suppression of pro- 
faneness. That the Lord may delight to be with you 
and his blessing upon you, is the hearty prayer of your 
friend and owner." 

He died in 1684, and his only daughter mar- 
ried Judge Samuel Sewell, making the Judge 
the richest man in the colony. The Judge's 
diary, in three volumes, published by the Mas- 
sachusetts Historical Society, is as quaint and 
entertaining as that of Samuel Pepys, secretary 
of the British admiralty ; and both covered 
about the same period. 

Mr. Weeden has done an important service 
to New England history in bringing together 
a vast amount of scattered material which has 
hitherto not been generally accessible. The 
labor he has spent on the work must have 
been enormous. The historical student reads 
it with such a feeling of grateful obligation to 
the author that he has no disposition to speak 
of its execution in other terms than praise. We 
may say, however, that we think the arrange- 
ment of the matter could have been improved 
by bringing together the facts pertaining to the 
same subject, — those, for instance, relating to 
iron and its manufacture. The index shows 
that iron is treated in about fifty different 
places. If these intei*esting facts had been col- 
lected and stated chronologically, the reading 
of the volumes would have been much easier. 
Hence it is a work to be studied with frequent 
reference to the index, and not to be read con- 
secutively. The author had the materials for 
making a readable book. 

The following surprising historical mistake 
must be noticed, that it may be corrected in 
the next edition : 

" Numerous traditions attest the actual operations of 

the blue laws of Connecticut The code, 

whether written or unwritten, was certainly severe. 
No food or lodging could be given to a Quaker, Adam- 
ite, or other heretic. No one could run on the Sabbath 
day, or walk in his garden or elsewhere, except rev- 
erently to and from meeting. No one should travel, 
cook victuals, make beds, sweep house, cut hair, or 
shave, on the Sabbath day. No woman should kiss her 
child on the Sabbath, or fasting day. Whoever brought 
cards into the dominion paid a fine of £5. No one 
could read common prayer, keep Christmas or saints' 
days, make minced pies, dance, play cards, or play on 
any instrument of music except the drum, trumpet, and 
jews-barp." 

How any person in our day claiming to be 
' a student of New England history can be ig- 
norant of the fact that there never was a 
** Code of Connecticut Blue Laws," and that 
not one of the laws quoted above ever existed, 



" written or unwritten," in Connecticut or any 
of the New England colonies, is a mystery. 
Everybody, we had supposed, knew that they 
were invented by Rev. Samuel Peters, a tory 
and pestilent Episcopal minister, who was ban- 
ished from Connecticut in 1774, went to En- 
gland, and in revenge wrote and brought out 
in London in 1781 a " General History of Con- 
necticut," which is a monumental curiosity in 
the line of scandal and mendacity. The po- 
lemic writers of the Episcopal church have 
long used Peters's book for pelting New En- 
gland ; and a few years ago a grandson of 
Peters reprinted the book with the endorse- 
ment, as to its veracity, of the editor of " The 
Churchman " in New York. The character of 
Peters and the falsehoods of his book have 
been so often exposed, it is passing strange 
that the fact has never come to Mr. Weeden's 
knowledge. ^r^ ^^ Poole. 



liOWELL. FOR Posterity.* 



Next to the approval of conscience, perhaps 
the sweetest reward that can accrue to a great 
writer from a well-spent life is to be permitted 
to live to set his papers in order, out of the 
reach of indiscreet friends, and to edit a defin- 
itive impression of his works. It is a source 
of satisfaction to every lover of our home lit- 
erature, that Bryant and Holmes and Longfel- 
low and Whittier and Bancroft have had this 
supreme reward. Emerson revised his works, 
but did not live to see the first volume of the 
final edition. Mr. Lowell may now also sing 
his nunc dimittis with peace of mind on this 
score, for the ten goodly volumes before us re- 
flect him as he chooses to appear to the read- 
ers yet unborn of the twentieth century, — and 
after ? Goodlier volumes, within and without, 
no reader need ask for ; the publishers' part 
of the work has been even better done than in 
the case of the definitive edition of Whittier 
published last year. And when one considers 
the acute and suggestive criticism, literary, 
social, and political, the fascinating poetry, the 
eloquent and stirring appeals to our higher 
nature, the inexhaustible wit, which these vol- 
umes contain, one finds it hard to fix upon any 
author of the age whose works are more likely 
to be read generations hence. Hudibras apart, 

* The Writings of James Russell Lowell. Riverside 
Edition. In ten volumes : — Literary Essays, in four volumes ; 
Political EssaySf in one volume ; Literary and Political Ad- 
dresseSf in one volume ; Poems, in four volumes. Boston : 
Houghton, Mifflin &. Co. 



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what political satire in the language is so witty 
and pungent and quotable as the ^'Bigelow 
Papers" ? How long hence will the literary 
historian cease to quote the " Fable for Crit- 
ics" ? What American poem is more likely 
to live by the side of " Snow-Bound " than 
"The Vision of Sir Launfal"? Is not the 
" Commemoration Ode " destined to become 
more rather than less popular, as the idealizing 
halo of time settles over the Event and the 
Man the poem celebrates ? What Tennyson- 
ian or Swinburnian or Hugoesque ode has a 
better title to immortality ? Finally, — to make 
an end of these vain surmisings, — what changes 
in literary taste are likely to render men so 
insensible to the charm of Shakespeare and 
Dante, Wordsworth and Spenser, Dryden and 
Pope, Chaucer and Carlyle, that they will cease 
to take an interest in criticisms in some respects 
the most penetrative and sympathetic that have 
ever illustrated those great writers ? 

These are at least fair questions. If variety 
of excellence contributed as much as concen- 
trated power to make literary work memora- 
ble, I should deem Mr. Lowell's title to perma- 
nent fame as good as that of any living man. 
But ten volumes containing upwards of three 
thousand five hundred pages are a very large 
draft for a single writer to make upon the re- 
trospective interest of a remote posterity, which 
will doubtless have literary interests of its own. 
It is discouraging to conjecture how many thou- 
sands of volumes by men of genius — and alas ! 
women of genius — yet unborn, the critic of the 
year 2000 will have to read before he can de- 
cently pay his respects to our dear Mr. Lowell ! 
In view of such considerations as these it does 
seem a little surprising to find that ingenious 
gentleman regretting " when it is too late " 
that he had not made his literary essays five 
or six times as long as they are. Possibly he 
is not thinking of the year 2000. Possibly, 
also, I misconstrue him ; the reader shall judge. 
At the conclusion of the brief " Prefatory Note 
to the Essays," dated the 25th of April, 1890, 
he says : — 

" Let me add that in preparing these papers for the 
press I omitted much illustrative and subsidiary matter, 
and this I regret when it is too late. Five or six lec- 
tures, for instance, were condensed into the essay on 
Rousseau. The dates attached were those of publica- 
tion, but the bulk of the material was written many 
years earlier, some of it so long ago as 1854. I have 
refrained from modifying what was written by one — I 
know not whether to say so much older or so much 
younger than I — but at any rate different in some im- 
portant respects, and this partly from deference to him, 
partly from distrust of myself." 



Earlier in the same Note he says of himself 
that, " Though capable of whatever drudgery 
in acquisition, I am by temperament impatient 
of detail in communicating what I have ac- 
quired, and too often put into a parenthesis or 
a note conclusions arrived at by long study and 
reflection, when perhaps it had been wiser to 
expand them." Was there no candid friend 
to say to Mr. Lowell that it is precisely this 
pregnant suggestiveness which lends inexhaust- 
ible charm to some of these essays ? As it is» 
he gives the reader a sense of reserve power 
which one would be sorry to miss. It is idle 
for him to lament that he did not spread a pic- 
turesque and sluggish stream in those places 
where he gathers the current of his thought 
into the narrow qhannel of a deep, swift race. 
The physical parallel holds good here : the 
pressure of a body of water depends, not upon 
surface expansion, but upon depth. 

Twice before I have written of Mr. Lowell 
in The Dial : in February, 1887, on the oc- 
casion of the publication of " Democracy and 
other Addresses ''; and in September, 1888» 
touching the " Political Essays." On both 
these occasions I spoke of the man and of his 
work with the glow of admiration which I still 
feel whenever I return to him, as I frequently 
do and shall continue to do. There are few 
writers to whom the younger critics of the day 
are more indebted for " inspiring hints," — ^he 
confesses a similar obligation to Emerson. Per- 
haps it would be too much to call these hints^ 
as he calls Emerson's, " a divining-rod to your 
deeper nature." But in cruising the seas and 
exploring the friths and fiords of the world of 
books, one need look for no more sagacious 
pilot than Mr. Lowell. Like Chaucer's ship- 
man, 

"With many a tempest has his beard been shake.'* 

There is scarcely a coast where he has not 
made soundings, and no port so difficult of ac- 
cess that he cannot run you in or out without 
grounding. He can teach you to steer dear 
of unnavigable sounds and shoals, and, though 
a bold mariner, not afraid of perilous head- 
lands and gusty promontories, he will conduct 
you upon no polar expeditions, whence at most 
nothing is to be brought back save your own 
bones and those of previous explorers. We 
have his word for it that he is a very patient 
reader ; he is surely of aU critics the least pa- 
tient of the commonplace. Most critics have 
their " fads"; Mr. Lowell has none. Like M. 
Taine, he admires everything that can be called 
literature^ and very little besides. He at least 



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will never betray his disciple into wasting his 
substance in riotous Barmecidal feasts. " I 
am apt to believe," he says, " that the com- 
plaints one sometimes hears of the neglect of 
our older literature are the regrets of archaeol- 
ogists rather than of critics. One does not 
need to advertise the squirrels where the nut- 
trees are, nor could any amount of lecturing 
persuade them to spend their teeth on a hollow 
nut." It is to be feared that Mr. Lowell has 
too much confidence in the instinct pf his squir- 
rels, but this sentence (from the essay on Spen- 
ser) was written before the day of Wordsworth 
societies and Shelley societies, and Browning 
dubs and Ki2^li7ig clubs. 

Some of my judicious friends reproach me 
with putting an extravagant estimate upon 
Lowell. So I should like to corroborate my- 
self with the opinion of a critic whose judg- 
ment weighs. Such a critic I find in Edward 
Fit^Gerald, the translator of Calderon and 
Omar Khayyam. Intimate with the best writ- 
ers and thii^ers of his time, he delighted in 
telling them all exactly what he thought of 
their works. The candor of the following pas- 
sage from a letter of his to Mr. Lowell cannot 
be questioned. He had mentioned to Mr. Nor- 
ton and to Mr. Lowell himself that he admired 
the Essays with certain reservations. One of 
these, with reference to the " Moosehead Jour- 
nal," was : " I did not like the Style of it at 
all; all 'too clever by half.'" In October, 
1877, FitzGerald wrote to Mr. Lowell as fol- 
lows : — 

"... I have lately been re-reading . . . 
those Essays of yours on which you wished to see my 
* Adversaria.' These are too few and insignificant to 
specify by Letter: . . . Were not the whole so 
r«ally admirable both in Thought and Diction, I should 
not stumble at such Straws ; such Straws as you can 
easily blow away if you should ever care to do so. Only 
pray understand (what I really mean) that, in all my 
remarks I do not pretend to the level of an original 
Writer like yourself: only as a Reader of Taste, which 
is a very different thing you know, however useful now 
and then in the Service of Genius. I am accredited 
with the Aphorism, < Taste is the Feminine of Genius.' 
However that may be, I have some confidence in my 
own. And, as I have read these Essays of yours more 
than once and again, and with increasing Satisfaction, 
so I believe will other men long after me; not as Lit- 
erary Essays only, but comprehending very much be- 
side of Human and Divine, all treated with such a very 
full and universal Faculty, both in Thought and Word, 
that I really do not Imow where to match in any work 
of the kind. I could make comparisons with the best: 
bat I don't like comparisons. But I think your Work 
will last, as I think of very few Books indeed." 

Yes, Mr. Lowell's prose work wiU, quoad 
criticism, bear comparison with the best, and 



some of it is likely to last. But his poetry ? 
Certainly it has done noble service in its day. 
For my own part, I will acknowledge that I 
fear I like it too well to be a good judge of it. 
But I am inclined to agree with FitzGerald in 
what seems to have been his tacit opinion, that 
the poetry is not Mr. Lowell's most permanent 
contribution to literature. This with the ex- 
ception of a few pieces, one or two of which 
I have already mentioned. What does Mr. 
Lowell himself think ? The " Prefatory Note 
to the Poems" (Vol. VII.) concludes with 
these pathetic words : " As we grow older, we 
grow the more willing to say, as Petrarca in 
Landor's Pentameron says to Boccaccio, ' We 
neither of us are such poets as we thought our- 
selves when we were younger.' " This is dated 
the 9th of May, 1890. 

What are some of the reservations touching 
the essays, which FitzGerald withholds in the 
letter quoted above ? Doubtless they were either 
criticisms of detail such as any reader may make 
for himself, or else they are met by Mr. Lowell's 
explanation that the greater part of the literary 
essays were originally written as lectures. He 
adds : ^^ This will account for, if it do not ex- 
cuse, a more rhetorical tone in them here and 
there than I should have allowed myself had I 
been writing for the eye and not for the ear." 
Criticisms of detail might be multiplied, but 
they are beyond the scope of the present re- 
view. As, however, we are dealing with a writer 
for whom so much is claimed, of whom it is 
asserted that he need not fear comparison as a 
critic with the best, it may not be amiss briefly 
to suggest, in conclusion, one or two of the 
more serious limitations of Mr. Lowell's pow- 
ers which such a comparison reveals. 

As a literary critic, then, Mr. Lowell lacks 
philosophy, he lacks system, he lacks science. 
He belongs to the impressionist school of Cole- 
ridge and Hazlitt and Lamb, rather than to 
the more positive school founded by Sainte- 
Beuve and continued on one line by Matthew 
Arnold and on another by M. Taine. Mr. 
Lowell is singularly exempt from the tyranny 
of the Zeitgeist ; he is remarkably innocent of 
the evolutionaiy tendency which has invaded 
every department of human research. Of course 
a powerful mind develops a philosophy of its 
own ; and Mr. Lowell's astonishing talents and 
equipment, his broad comparative view of the 
whole field of literature, his rare poetic gift, 
and his generous enjoyment of the work of 
others, give unique value to all his judgments 
and obiter dicta. In particular it is to be noted 

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that his quick anH delicate sympathy always 
moves under the escort of a vigilant sense of 
humor, which recalls him from those extrava- 
gances into which unattended sympathy is so 
prone to run. But what I chiefly wish to re- 
mark is that any advance one may note in the 
criticism of Lowell beyond that of Coleridge, 
for example, or of De Quincey, is due far less 
to a more scientific method than to the person- 
ality of the critic. He seems to have learned lit- 
tle from Sainte-Beuve, to whom he was doubt- 
less introduced after his own method was form- 
ed. This is a great pity, for Sainte-Beuve could 
have taught him much, as he taught Matthew 
Arnold and the whole present generation of 
brilliant critics in France. Had Mr. Lowell 
brought his splendid powers to an inductive 
criticism such as that now practised in France 
by Taine and Brunetiere, the results must have 
been of the highest interest. This he might 
have done had he in early life become im- 
bued with the more scientific method of Sainte- 
Beuve. 

Jn truth, however, Lowell, although fourteen 
years Sainte-Beuve's junior, was a much less 
modem man than that master-critic. Paradox- 
ical as the assertion may seem, Lowell, with 
all his genius, lacks originality. This is why 
he has made so little mark upon the thought 
of his age. For all his acute judgments and 
brilliant epigrams, he has left the art of criti- 
cism much where it was when he took up the 
fallen mantles of Coleridge and Hazlitt. That 
he did not leave it in precisely the same place 
is principaUy due to the subtle invasion of the 
time-spirit, which no one escapes. Compared 
with Sainte-Beuve, who effected, almost single- 
handed, a memorable revolution in the art of 
criticism, Lowell appears ineffectual indeed. 
Compared with Buckle or with Taine, incom- 
plete as their attempts at induction may have 
been, his influence seems slight. Compared 
with Matthew Arnold, whose doctrine and prac- 
tice move in such consistency and harmony, 
how small a place does Lowell fill in the his- 
tory of culture I What stream of new and 
fresh ideas did he set in motion and cause* to 
prevail, as Arnold confessedly did ? 

I had intended to discuss the limitations by 
reason of which Mr. Lowell's sagacious and 
pure political addresses and essays have had so 
little influence with his countrymen at large. 
Why, with powers so much more various and 
dazzling than those of any other American wri- 
ter, — I make no exception, — is he less a na- 
tional favorite than any other of our six or 



eight greatest names ? A partial answer may 
be sought in the fact that he has something of 
the same scholarly inaccessibility and Bosto- 
nian perpendicularity which made the great- 
hearted Sumner disliked. Mr. Lowell thinks 
Goethe cold, but one cannot fancy the master 
of Elm wood putting so hospitable a legend un- 
der tlie engraving of his fine old mansion as 
that which Goethe wrote for the picture of his 
humbler house at Weimar.* Mr. Lowell un- 
derstood pi-ofoundly the great, the ideal side 
of Lincoln's character, yet it is probable that 
Lincoln would have had as little personal sym- 
pathy with Lowell as he had with Sumner. 
" Do you know," said he, " Sumner is my idea 
of a bishop." Lincoln and Grant understood 
each other, and the people understood them. 
But they could not understand such men as 
Sumner, Motley, and Lowell, nor can the peo- 
ple. Such is the price ^' the gentleman and 
scholar " pays for his privilege of caste. But 
upon this it were ungracious to dwell. 

Finally, I cannot but express very great dis- 
appointment that the fine essay on Gray, which 
appeared some years since in the " New Prince- 
ton Review," should not have been included in 
this definitive edition. Perhaps Mr. Lowell will 
yet delight us with another volume or two. He 
is said to be writing the life of Hawthorne, 
and this is well enough ; but why does he not 
comply with the reasonable demands of Fitz- 
Gerald and other friends, and add to his gal- 
lery the portraits of Cervantes, Calderon, Mo- 
liere. Fielding, — and De Quincey ? He has 
given us sketches of Fielding and Cervantes, 
but no finished picture. 

Melville B. Anderson. 

* I roughly translate as follows : — 

Why stand the f oUl without and stare ? 
Are not door and gateway there ? 
If they'd enter bold and free 
One and all should welcome be ! 



The founding of the German Empire.* 

The honored historian of the great revolu- 
tionary epoch has undertaken to trace and re- 
cord the mighty movement that has given to 
the world a united Germany. His previous 
studies have been an excellent preparation for 
this important work, and the high regard in 
which he is held has gained for him oppor- 

• The Founding of the Grrxak Empire by Whjjax I. 
Based chiefly upon Pnueian State Doenments. By Hebiri^ 
Von Sybel. Translated by Marshall Idvingaton Perrin. In 
fivevolnmes. Volume I. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell 



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tunities for studying the movement that are 
absolutely unique. The archives of Prussia 
and of several of the smaller states have been 
opened to him, and we may rely upon his 
statements of fact. A reading of this volume 
assures us that his interpretations of facts may 
also be depended upon, for we recognize the 
judicial temper in his treatment of them. 
Without concealing his own opinions — and he 
was himself a part of that which he portrays — 
he is equally ready to see the mistakes of his 
own party or state, and to recognize the merits 
of his op|K)nents. No one, for example, could 
show more clearly the wretched vacillation and 
quixotism of the benevolent Frederick William 
IV. ; yet we can see that the author had for 
the King the same tender feeling that aU had 
who came under his influence. 

But the days of the Confederation are even 
more disconnected from the feelings of pres- 
ent Germany than are the days before 1860 
from our own, for their struggle has not left 
behind it any such tremendous disturbing force 
as our negro problem with all its phases of 
trouble. The historian himself says : " The 
times of the old Bundestag are behind us, and 
they form a closed chapter of our past history. 
We are able to talk as dispassionately about 
Koniggratz as about Kollin and Leuthen." 
In this spirit he has written this work ; that 
the Germans themselves recognize its merits 
is shown by their enthusiastic reception of it. 

The first book, which fills a third of this 
volume, is entitled " Retrospect," and gives a 
summary account of German history to the 
outbreak of the revolution in the early part 
of that annus mirabilis^ 1848. The special 
topics are the rise of Prussia to a rivalry with 
Austria, the results of the Napoleonic wars 
upon Germany, the workings of the Confeder- 
ation of 1816 as dominated by Prince Metter- 
nich, and the beginnings of a national feeling. 

With the outbi-eak of the revolution in Ger- 
many, in electric sympathy with the outbreak 
in Paris, the narrative becomes minute, and 
the rest of the volume tells the events of but 
little more than two years, the attempt to 
form a real national government after that up- 
heaval. The story of that futile eflFort is of 
fascinating interest and great value to the 
student of politics. It is necessarily compli- 
cated, for there were many petty states man- 
oeuvring each for its own advantage. But 
though it is somewhat hard to follow in its 
frequent transitions from court to court, it has 
much to interest the general student of history 



or of man. No one can understand the pres- 
ent conditions in Europe without a knowledge 
of that stormy period. 

It is a striking change that the last half- 
century has brought about in Germany, — that 
from an apparently incorrigible individualism, 
inbred by the training of centuries, to a united 
and vigorous nationality. The Empire has 
been made possible only by the partial self- 
effacement of the beloved dukedoms and prin- 
cipalities, at whose expense it has gained its 
great powers by their voluntary bestowal. So 
thoroughly disintegrated was the land with its 
multitude of petty absolutisms, so completely 
had it resisted the tendencies that elsewhere 
united the federal states into strong nations, 
that it was hard to imagine any power or in- 
fluence that could fuse those of Germany into 
one. But even while we wondered, the thing 
was done, the consummation of the longings 
of the few generous and patriotic souls was at- 
tained, and Geimany stood forth among the 
nations a noble object for the devotion of a 
united German people. There seemed to be 
no such thing as German national feeling un- 
til far into the present century, and it must be 
accounted one of the many indirect blessings 
of the tremendous upheaval of a hundred years 
ago, through its later effects, the risings of 
1830 and 1848. In Germany, that national 
feeling tended toward unity, as in heterogene- 
ous Austria the same feeling tended toward 
separation. 

We can see in German history, as shown in 
this volume, much to remind us of our own sad 
experience under our Confederation. Here was 
the same extreme individualism in the states 
that had grown out of the old isolated colonies, 
the same jealousy of a central government due 
to historical reasons, the same determination 
not to sink state identity in any powerful 
national organization. And the way out was 
much the same in both cases, — through confu- 
sion, selfish quarrels, anarchy. We emerged 
sooner from the darkness, for we had no Prus- 
sia and Austria contending for supremacy, and 
n<T absolute monarchs with power to thwart 
the wishes of the people when once they had 
discovered where their interest lay. 

The reasons for the failure of the revolution- 
ary movements of 1830 and 1848 are readily 
seen from this narrative. The patriot leaders 
failed to realize the fundamental truth in poli- 
tics, that any institution to be stable and last- 
ing must grow out of the life and thought of the 
people. These leaders were doctrinaire philos- ^ 

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ophers, — men who, without experience of free 
government, drew all their ideas from books, 
from the ancient writers and those of France, 
and from their own enthusiasms. It seemed 
to them that all their political institutions must 
be immediately changed and conformed to those 
of England or the United States, then the shin- 
ing models of freedom. If popular discontent 
put these leaders in power, the bewildered peo- 
ple were unable to work the strange and com- 
plicated machinery put into their hands, the 
experiment failed, and a reaction brought back 
the despot, and with him more of relief to the 
people from their perplexity than of sorrow for 
their failure. 

The rise of Prussia is one of the marvels of 
modem history. Though her course has been 
checkered with humiliation and disappoint- 
ment, and not unstained by selfish aggression 
upon her weaker neighbors, it is perhaps no 
worse than that of her great neighbors. And the 
little state has grown in a hundred years to a 
power that has enabled her to humble the old 
and proud empires of .France and Austria, and 
sit the arbiter of Europe. This story of the 
rise di Prussia, of the jealousy of Austria to- 
wards this troublesome neighbor, growing as 
the latter grew in strength and influence and 
ambition, of the desperate struggle of the old 
leader to maintain her position by wrecking 
every attempt at German unity that would ex- 
clude her non-German appendages, and of her 
success down to the fatal war of 1866, — this 
story is full of interest. 

Charles H. Cooper. 



Anderson's Edition of Bacon's Essays.* 



This is the only edition of Bacon I have ever 
seen which looks as though one would take pleas- 
ure in reading it through at a single sitting. 
No other would be likely to appeal so strongly 
to the person of literary proclivities and refined 
taste, who reads merely for the pleasure it yields 
or to acquire certain general notions of an au- 
thor, his style and times. 

Many have been and are the editions of 
Bacon's Essays besides those contained in 
his collected works. Out of these we may 
choose four with which to compare the one be- 
fore us. Whately treats Bacon as a homilist 
treats a book of Scripture. Whately is a 

* The Essays or Counsels of Francis Bacon. Edited, 
with an Introduction and Notes, by Melville B. Anderson. 
Chicago : A. C. McCloig & Co. 



moralist, and he seeks texts on which to hang 
discourses. The discourses contain abundance 
of sound ethical teaching, no doubt. The 
thoughts are the thoughts of an educated man : 
the tone is dignified; the language corrects 
We may even concede that the observations 
are, in the main, just. What then ? Merely 
this: that after reading awhile one begins — 
unless he rebels outright — to look at the world 
through the eyes of Whately, rather than those 
of Bacon ; the impression gradually deepens 
that the editor lacks the gift of self-efface- 
ment, — in short, the reader ends by persuad- 
ing himself that, instead of getting a deal of 
sack to his bread, he is getting an intolera- 
ble deal of bread to his sack. Lucky is it 
for the editor if the reader never formulates 
the thought that the bread is not only plenti- 
ful, but uncommonly dry ! 

There is another kind of edition, designed 
for the student in school and college. This 
has an extended introduction ; good, numerous^ 
and sufficiently copious notes ; information of 
various sorts contributory to the attainment of 
an independent opinion concerning Bacon's 
character and views. For this species Abbott's 
edition may be allowed to stand. 

Still another is represented by Wright's 
issue in the Clarendon Press series. Unlike 
the last-named, the text of this is not modern- 
ized, but retains the eccentricities of the old 
spelling and punctuation, and a use of capitak 
which reminds one of Grerman, though less 
consistent. Wright's may be called the 
scholar's condensed edition. It deals much in 
variants, in Latin renderings of the English of 
the Essays, and in references to parallel pas- 
sages in other works of Bacon's. Its illus- 
trative notes, in so far as they point out the 
sources of Bacon's thought or diction, are usu- 
ally mere citations, unavailable without access 
to a considerable library, unless the reader is 
so learned as to carry a library in his head. 
Wright's edition is for classical scholars of 
leisure and — for other editors. 

Lastly may be instanced the edition of Rey- 
nolds, which has just appeared. This is a gen- 
erous octavo, with notes and notes, — notes at 
the foot of the page, and notes at the end of 
each essay. The foot-notes are devoted rather 
to verbal difficulties, the terminal notes rather 
to parallels and the explanation of allusions. 
The type is large, the paper good, and — justly 
enough — the price high. Eeynolds's may be 
called the library edition, not unadapted to the 
person of general information and culture, but 

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framed with an eye to the scholar, and sure to 
be prized by him, whether he is near an ex- 
tensive library or not. 

Different from all these is Professor An- 
derson's setting of the Essays. It was meant 
to be different, and it is. The foundation of 
our confidence in any edition is the assurance 
that it has a good text ; in other words, that 
we have the author's speech as he meant to 
leave it to the world, or as he would desire 
that it should be presented to us. This means 
literal faithfulness at one extreme, and at the 
other the exercise of common-sense. In some 
cases, fac-similes of an original are serviceable, 
or editions which are virtually such. In others, 
the essentials may be rigorously preserved, 
while everything accidental with reference to 
the peculiar purpose of the ^ition wiU be ig- 
nored. The peculiar cutting of the type is 
always thus accidental ; so is its size. Where 
the needs of the scholar do not require the re- 
tention of the old punctuation, tJie latter is 
often more negative than accidental ; it is a 
positive hindrance to the apprehension of the 
meaning. The Elizabethan spelling varies 
from lawless to obstructive. Regarded as un- 
familiar, and therefore " quaint," it may af- 
ford pleasure to minds of a retrospective cast, 
or peculiarly sus<!eptible to the charm of asso- 
<3iation ; it may even be insisted on by those 
who think nothing delightful that can be 
shared by many ; but it is doubtless true that 
the anarchic spelling of three hundred years 
ago may and does stand in the way of wide 
popularity, and consequently of a general dif- 
fusion of the wisdom contained in such pages 
as these. 

Professor Anderson has produced for us a 
sound text ; that is, so far as I have examined, 
he gives us the words that accredited scholars 
assure us are Bacon's, l)ut in modem spelling. 
His punctuation is lucid and usually convincing, 
though occasionally he resolves an ambiguity 
by re-punctuation when perhaps it had been 
better to allow the reader a choice of render- 
ings. A specimen may be adduced from Es- 
say XXVI. Thus he reads, " It is a ridiculous 
thing, and fit for a satire to persons of judg- 
ment," etc. Wright's edition has, " It is a 
Ridiculous Thing, and fit for a Satyre, to Per- 
sons of ludgement." Now perhaps the latter is 
what Bacon meant to say ; namely, that to per- 
sons of judgment, and not to others, it is both 
ridiculous and fit for satire. The conservative 
course, allowing choice of readings in the peru- 
sal, might here have been preferable (omitting 



both conmias would answer as well). But it is 
safe to say that such instances are few, and it 
is only fair to admit that the edition of 1612 
sustains Anderson's punctuation. 

The notes err neither by excess of number 
nor of length. If this be a fault, it is a good 
one in an edition designed for reading. True 
it is that Bacon's book is of the ^' few " that 
are ^^ to be chewed and digested," and that in 
order to the full assimilation more help may be 
needed. But we must bear in mind that this 
edition is for the reader, not specifically for the 
student ; and for the mere reader the notes are 
perhaps frequent enough. Then they are at 
the foot of the page, where they will least in- 
terrupt the course of the reading ; and, I re- 
peat, they are brief. Latin quotations are well 
translated, and whatever is offered is worthy of 
being received with confidence. There is no 
shallow philologizing nor ignorant darkening 
of counsel. 

The Introduction contains only twenty-nine 
pages, all told, including the useful and sugges- 
tive Dates Relative to Francis Bacon and his 
Contemporaries. The divisions of the Intro- 
duction are: Original Editions and Dedica- 
tions ; Recent Editions ; The Present Edition ; 
The Form ; Literary Style ; Bacon and Shak- 
spere. One merit of the Introduction, and not 
the least, is its freedom from verbiage. In this 
day of much euphuistic spinning of filmy dainti- 
ness, glistening and iridescent when struck at 
a proper angle by the light, but mostly doomed 
to be swept into oblivion by some well-directed 
broom of criticism, or left hanging in forgotten 
comers where brooms have no need to pene- 
trate, the man who says simply and clearly 
what he sees and what he means deserves the 
encouragement of general applause. Bacon 
himself would have applauded such a one. I 
quote concerning him from one of Anderson's 
quotations : ^^In the composing of his books he 
did rather drive at a masculine and clear ex- 
pression than at any fineness or affectation of 
phrases, and would often ask if the meaning 
were expressed plainly enough, as being one 
that accounted words to be but subservient or 
ministerial to matter, and not the principal." 
Golden words these, and worthy to be com- 
mitted to memory by every writer who aspires 
to live for posterity. 

Not more than once or twice are Anderson's 
own pages disfigured by such a conceit as this 
(the italics are mine): "The student who 
would broaden his intellectual horizon cannot 
afford to keep his eye forever fixed upon the 

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THE DIAL 



[Jan.. 



navel of a quarto volume.'^ Closely allied 
with plainness of speech is strength of convic- 
tion. Here again Anderson is not wanting. 
He persuades because he is persuaded. A sin- 
gle illustration of his outspokenness may suffice: 
" The Essays are an epitome of worldly wis- 
dom, a handbook for him who wishes to work 
men to his ends, a digest of most of the arts 
and shifts whereby the crafty and the unscru- 
pulous succeed in that scramble for place and 
wealth in which the weaker goes to the wall." 
The qualities noted in the Introduction make 
it a revelation — regard being had to its nar- 
row compass — of the man Bacon and his aph- 
oristic wisdom of experience. It is not a piece 
of cunning self-glorification of Anderson ; and 
this is its praise. 

The book is well printed, of convenient form 
and size, and neatly bound. It is, and is likely 
for some time to remain, the reader's handy 

^^^*^^^- Albert S. Cook. 



Briefs ox Xew Books. 



Some of the best of the rather well-known <^Lon- 
don Letters" written during the last five years by 
Mr. G. W. Smalley to the New York " Tribune " 
are reprinted in two handsome volumes by Messrs. 
Harper. Naturally, one inclines to take a book more 
seriously than a newspaper ; the former stands for, 
we may say, the g^ide and philosopher, the latter 
for the friend ; and the " Clothes Philosopher " him- 
self might sometimes wonder at the change wrought 
in the friend when he dons a fine blue coat with 
gilt trimmings — that is to say, a binding. The 
judgment usually passed upon volumes reprinted 
from the daily press, that they lack permanent in- 
terest and seriousness of treatment, by no means 
implies the unfitness of the matter for its original 
setting. Indeed, one may almost say that it implies 
its fitness. The journalist's first duty is to make 
himself readable: and experience tells him that 
his patrons, in the mass, dn not look for or care 
for those weightier qualities of style and treatment 
without which few books are worth the printing. 
We speak now, of course, of American newspapers 
and readers. In England — where pcUer-familias at 
breakfast takes his '' Times " with the easy hardi- 
hood of an ostrich pecking up a luncheon of four- 
penny nails — a different rule prevails. There is, 
however, a happy medium — fairly represented by 
these " London Letters " — between the extremes of 
ultra-American and conservative- British journalism : 
a union of the two, with a due weeding out of flip- 
pancy on the one side and heaviness on the other. 
This we apprehend to be what Matthew Arnold 
meant by the " New Journalism." The power of 
tempering the qualities of style and treatment which 



one looks for — ^and does not always find — in a book, 
with the lightness and rapidity of touch, timeliness 
of allusion, and sure choice of the right topic for 
the right moment, that mark the work of our **news- 
paper men," implies not only a union of journalistic 
tact with literary training, but a certain personal 
gift. We read in one of these " London Letters," 
of Mr. Gladstone, that " in his hands, whatever it 
[the subject] be, it is entertaining; he has been 
known to discourse to his neighbor through the 
greater part of a long dinner on the doctrine of copy- 
right and of international copyright His neighbor 
was a beautiful woman who cared no more for copy- 
right than for the Cherokees. She listened to him 
throughout with unfailing delight." We may say pat^ 
enthetically, that those who have tried to make them- 
selves interesting and morally intelligible to their 
fellow-man on the subject of international copyright 
will best appreciate Mr.Gladstone's feat. A fair share 
of this gift of brightening up a serious topic is pos- 
sessed by Mr. Smalley, some of his most readable 
letters presupposing in the reader an intelligent in- 
terest in and a decent knowledge of current Euro- 
pean politics and social questions. Writing for an 
American newspaper, he provides, of course, a hb- 
eral sprinkling of gossip and personal details— -some- 
times, we are bound to - say, rather trivial, but al- 
ways decent. Mr. Smalley is no scandal-monger ; 
and that portion of the public which looks to the 
" correspondent " to supply it with the unsavory 
details of unsavory events will find cold comfort in 
his letters. With this exception,' the range of topics 
touched upon in the volumes is ample enough to 
suit all tastes ; like the German prescription, they 
contain something of everything, so that each case 
or individual may be met. The letters are the more 
interesting from the fact that the author has had 
personal relations with many great men of whom 
he writes ; and those readers who turn anxiously to 
the chapters on '< London Society," its customs, di- 
versions, distinctions, rivalries, and outward aspects, 
may rest assured that Mr. Smalley's account is more 
authentic than that, say, of Thackeray's journalist, 
whose glowing descriptions of May Fair were written 
in a back garret by tiie light of a " penny dip." 

In September, 1889, the first volume of the Centr 
ury Dictionary was reviewed at some length in The 
Dial ; the succeeding volumes have followed at 
regular intervals, and we now have before us the 
fourth volume comprising the letters M, N, O, and 
P. This volume, which is larger than any of its pre- 
decessors, contains more than 1,300 pages adorned 
by nearly 1,500 cuts. The whole number of pages 
thus far is 4,880. The publishers originally promi^ 
their subscribers a total of 6,500 pages containing 
200,000 words separately defined. They now in- 
form us that the total number of pages must be in- 
creased to 7,000 which will contain in the neighbor- 
hood of 225,000 words defined. So long as books 
last, this splendid work is likely to stand as a monn- 
ment of the scholarship, taste, skill, and enterprise 

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THE DIAL 



293 



of contemporary America. Not the lea«t remark- 
able feature is the pmictuality with which the pub- 
lishers are placing the successive parts and volumes 
at the disposal of subscribers. If the next two vol- 
umes are produced with the same speed as the four 
now in our hands, next New Year's day will see this 
magnificent dictionary completed. Six hundred and 
sixty pages, — or about half the present volume, — are 
occupied by the letter P, which, after S and C, is 
the most important of the alphabet. The letter C 
covers something less than 700 pages, and the letter 

5 is yet to come. In the new International Webster, 
P claims 132 pages, C 164, and S 200. These figures 
may indicate the relative comprehensiveness of the 
two works. The 660 pages devoted to the letter P 
contain some 30,000 definitions and encyclopaedic 
articles. But these figures are bewildering. One 
gladly turns from them to the most attractive fea- 
ture of this dictionary, the illustrations, which dis- 
tinctly surpass those of any similar work known to 
us and are equalled nowhere save in the best special 
works relating to art, natural history, etc. For pure 
aesthetic delight, commend us to the illustrations of 
sculpture, of architecture, of the mechanic arts, of 
plants, birds, snakes, and monkeys in this dictionary, 
above the dilettantism of any gift-book of the sea- 
son. It may not be amiss to remind our readers 
that this book is a combined dictionary and en- 
cyclopaedia of things (not of persons and places), 
under one alphabet. As a dictionary of words, it is 
doubtless the most accurate, as it is the completest 
and the most comprehensive, that has yet been pro- 
duced. As an encyclopaedia it is characterized by 
the greatest precision possible without violence to 
clearness. It is an American work in the best sense, 
and naturally gives more space to domestic arts, an- 
inoals, plants, etc., and to cis-Atlantic locutions, than 
any foreign dictionary or encyclopaedia could be 
expected to give. (The Century Co., New York ; 
McDonnell Bros., Chicago.) 

Few volumes more interesting to the student of 
the growth of military science have lately been is- 
sued than *^ Alexander, a History of the Origin and 
Growth of the Art of War from the Earliest Times 
to the Battle of Ipsus," written b y Colonel Theo- 
dore A. Dodge, and published by Houghton, Mifflin 

6 Co., in the series entitled '^ Great Captains." In 
seven hundred ample pages, Colonel Dodge follows 
the history of Alexander's campaigns with critical 
analysis, and in a style and method especially fitted 
to the needs of the modem reader. The earlier 
chapters are devoted to an account of the methods 
of ancient warfare, and contain spirited descrip- 
tions of military usages of early nations. These 
chapters are fully illustrated by cuts from coins, 
marbles, and ceramics. The combat of the Greeks 
and Trojans, for example, as represented upon the 
marbles from Egina (now in Munich), has been so 
treated as to bring out the details of the armor and 
weapons of the Trojan time, — swords, spears, axes, 
shields, and weapons of every sort, from Greece, 



Persia, and Egypt, being reproduced very fully 
and accurately. The chapter upon " Philip and 
his Army " contains an excellent description of the 
Macedonian phalanx and of the whole military 
equipment of the phalangite. This chapter can be 
commended as the best available rSstimS on the sub- 
ject. The auther follows Alexander from Mace- 
donia to the Indus, and interprets the military side 
of this wonderful triumphal march so understand- 
ingly that the reader feels that he has never before 
realized the consummate military skill that made 
Alexander the conqueror of the Orient. The ma- 
terial from which a completely accurate account of 
this march could be constructed is, of course, want- 
ing. Colonel Dodge has relied principally upon 
Arrian, Quintus Curtius, Diodorus Siculus, among 
the ancients ; and, adding what can be gathered 
from other sources, has interpreted the hero to us 
in the light of modern military science. As he 
himself remarks, in speaking of the charts, etc., of 
the campaigns, ^^ accuracy is not always possible " ; 
but so far as the material will admit, the author 
has been conscientious in its use as well as logical 
in his conclusions. 



No writer has pictured more vividly the stirring 
incidents of frontier army life, the march across 
the plains, the bivouac, the dash and hurry of In- 
dian fighting, than Captain Charles King ; and his 
breezy, wholesome books are always sure of their 
public. Under the title ^* Campaigning with Crook," 
Harper & Brothers issue a series of sketches by 
Captain King — originally contributed to a Milwau- 
kee daily — descriptive of the Sioux campaign of 
1876. The papers were not subjected to a polish- 
ing process as a preliminary to their appearance in * 
covers, and the author rates them, in his preface, 
as <' rough sketches, but no rougher than the cam- 
paign." While an occasional amendment might be 
suggested, we think that on the whole the book is 
bettier as it is ; the direct, rapid style is well suited 
to the matter ; the sketches were written shortly af- 
ter the events narrated took place, and the vigor of 
expression born of vivid recollection and quickened 
feeling might, perhaps, have been refined away in 
later revision. There are several noticeably good 
bits of descriptive writing in the volume, of which 
the following example — ^relating the death-scene of 
the Chief <^ American Horse " — may be selected : 
^' Dr. Clements examines his savage patient tenderly, 
gently as he would a child ; and though he sees that 
nothing can save his life, he does all that art can 
suggest. It is a painful task to both surgeon and 
subject. The latter scorns chloroform, and mutters 
some order to a squaw crouching at his feet She 
glides silently from the tepee, and returns with a bit 
of hard stick ; this he thrusts between his teeth, and 
dien, as the surgeons work, and the sweat of agony 
breaks out upon his forehead, he bites deep into the 
wood, but never groans nor shrinks. Before the 
dawn his fierce spirit has taken its flight, and the 
squaws are crooning his death-chant by his side.'' 



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THE DIAL 



[Jan., 



The volome is tastefully bound and well illustrated, 
and contains, in addition to the campaigrn sketches, 
three short stories in the author*8 familiar vein. 

An elementary history of Indian literature has 
long been needed, and the want is now supplied in 
the manual prepared by Mrs. Elizabeth B. Reed. 
The work is entitled " Hindu Literature ; or, The 
Ancient Books of India'' (Griggs), and, without 
being a work of original scholarship, is a careful 
compilation of the results obtained by the last half- 
century of fruitful investigation. Mrs. Reed is 
evidently familiar with the best English work done 
in this field, and makes a judicious use of the writ- 
ings of Wilson, Mttller, and Monier- Williams. The 
book is, of course, far more elementary, besides be- 
ing more limited in its scope, than Weber's history 
of the subject, and is prepared for a different class 
of readers. Its scope, in fact, only includes the 
Vedic literature and the epics, nothing being said of 
the drama, of the great body of Buddhist literature, 
or of the work done by the later Sanskrit writers 
in grammar, philosophy, and criticism. On the 
other hand, the Vedic literature, including the Up- 
anishads and the Puranas, is fully analyzed and de- 
scribed ; the epics and the legislation of Manu are 
treated at considerable length, and there are care- 
fully written chapters upon the subjects of cosmogony 
and metempsychosis. The chapter upon Krishna 
has been revised by Professor Monier-Williams, and 
other portions of the work have had the benefit of 
Professor Max Muller's authoritative criticism. So 
the work comes to us with an authority not often 
possessed by compilations of the sort, and, as far as 
we have been able to observe, its statements of fact 
are in accordance with the results obtained by the 
most advanced scholarship. A characteristic feature 
of the work is found in the abundance of passages 
translated and introduced for the purpose of illus- 
tration. 

There is perhaps no more delightful experi- 
ence in life than to listen to the conversation of a 
trained scholar or man of letters in his own study, 
when the company is small (if only one^o-ane so 
much the better), when he is without thought of 
the public, and is under no obligation to be exhaust- 
ive or consecutive. Scarcely second to the pleas- 
ure of such a personal meeting is the reading of a 
book which gives the impression of similar con- 
ditions, — ^a full mind loving to talk and sur^ of the 
sympathy of his listeners. We feel this charm in 
Charles Lamb nearly always, in James Russell 
Lowell very often, in William Hazlitt in his occa- 
sional informal moods ; and now we have a new 
volume of essays worthy to be named even with 
these,— "My Study Fire" ( Dodd ) by Hamilton 
Wright Mabie. There are thirty-two chapters, 
the special headings of which are of small conse- 
quence. For let the subject be what it may — 
" The Fire Lighted," "A Text from Sidney," " The 
Cuckoo Strikes Twelve," or even anything so com- 
monplace as "A New Hearth," — immediately a 



whole brood of delicate thoughts, fancies, and re- 
flections arise and cluster around it and ub with 
their subtle indefinable grace. It is not too much 
to say of Mr. Mabie, as Saintsbury has said of 
Hazlitt, " He is a bom man of letters, and cannot 
help turning everything he touches into literature." 

Another volume of essays in a sunilar vein as 
those of Mr. Mabie is Mr. E. Conder Gray's 
"Making the Best of Things" (Putnam). But 
the nameless spell of Mr. Mabie is absent in Mr. 
Gray. It is not that his book is dull, nor lacking 
in worthy thoughts, nor without a certain value for 
a large variety of apt quotations ; but it seems the 
work of an artisan rather than an artist. Almost 
anyone, if so minded, could, we should think, pro- 
duce such a book, provided he should for a suf- 
ficient length of time keep a commonplace-book, or 
file his notes of the books he reads. For example, 
in the chapter called " Falling in Love" not only 
are there brief illustrative citations from Shake- 
speare, Tennyson, George Meredith, Leland, Mat- 
thew Browne, Dante, and others, but Browning's 
poem of " Evelyn Hope " is given in full with the 
exception of the first stanza, closely followed by 
a long extract from Longfellow's "Courtship of 
Miles Standish" and another from Vere Clavering's 
novel of " Barcaldine." Still there are doubtless 
many who will relish the not unwholesome ragout 
served in this book. 

A useful and compact little " Handbook of 
Historic Schools of Painting," by D. L. Hoyt of 
the Massachusetts Normal Art School, is published 
by Ginn & Co. The author's aim is to give in a 
simple and condensed form some general knowl- 
edge of the great historic schools of painting, their 
characteristics, chief artists, and some of the most 
noted paintings of each. The present condition 
of painting in the different schools is also briefly 
touched upon ; and at the close of the book are to 
be found a list of the emblems by which different 
saints and other characters in old religious paint- 
ings may be known, definitions of technical art 
terms, and an inde^ of artists' names together 
with their proper pronunciation. This little man- 
ual seems to us careful and accurate so far as it 
goes, and should be especially useful to lay readers 
who desire a decent knowledge of historic art, and 
lack courage or time to attack the voluminous 
works of Ltibke and Ettgler. 

Messrs. Magmillan & Co. issue in a well- 
printed volume of 230 pages the " Tale of Troy," 
done into English by Aubrey Stewart, M.A., Late 
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. This little 
book, containing a compact, clearly-told narrative 
of tlie chief events from the carrying off of Helen 
to the fall of Troy, should prove both interesting 
and instructive to young readers ; and may even 
serve, in a small way, as a royal road to Homeric 
learning for those who lack taste or opportunity to 
go to the fountain-head. 

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1891,] 



THE DIAI, 



295 



Books of the Month. 



[ThefoUowing list includes all books received by The Dial 
during the month of December, 1890,] 

ARCHEOLOGY, 

The Finding of Wineland the Good: The History of the 
Icelandic DiBcovery of America. Edited and translated 
from the Earliest Records, bv Arthur Middleton Reeves. 
Illiistrated with phototype plates of the Vellum MSS. of 
the Safifas. 4to, pp. 205, unont, gilt top. London : Heniy 
Frowde. Half-vellum, $11.00. 

Flnsral's Cave, in the Island of Staffa: An Historical, Ar- 
chiBologioal, and Geological Examination. Illustrated, 
8vo, pp. 49. Robert CUrke & Ck>. 75 cents. 

HI8T0R Y-BIOGRAPHY. 

The Greek World Under RoTnan Sway, from Polybius to 
Plutarch. By J. P. Mahaffy, author of ''Social Life in 
Greece.'* 12mo, pp. 418, uncut. Macmillsn & Co. $3.00. 

A. M. Mackay, Pioneer Missionary of the Church Missionary 
Society of Uganda. By his Sister. With Portrait and 
Map, 12mo, pp. 488. A. C. Armstrong A Son. $1.50. 

The Lire of an Artist: An Autobiography. Bv Jules Bre- 
ton. Transited by Mary J. Serrano. With Portrait. 
12mo, pp. 350. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. 

LITERARY MISCELLANY. 

The Writiners of Georsre Washington. Collected and 
edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. In 14 vols. Vol. 
VIII., 1779-1780. Royal 8vo, pp. 508, uncut, gilt top. 
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5.00. 

Curiosities of the American Staere. By Laurence Hut- 
ton, author of '' Plays and Players.*' Illustrated, 8vo, 
pp. 347, uncut, gilt top. Haiper & Bros. $2.50. 

My^iB and Folk-Tales of the Russians, Western Slavs, 
and Magyars. By Jeremiah Curtin. 12^o, pp. 655, un- 
cut, gilt top. Little, Brown, & Co. $2.00. 

The Story of My House. By Geoige H. Ellwanger, author 
of "The Garden's Story .^' With Frontispiece, 16mo, 
pp. 286, uncut, gilt top. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. 

The Philosophy of Fiction: An Essav. By Daniel Green- 
leaf Thompson, author of "Social Progress." 12mo, pp. 
224. Lonnnans, Green <& Co. $1.50. 

LAPb. By M. J. Savage. 12mo,pp.237. Geo. H.Ellis. $1. 

The Lady fk^m the Sea, and other Plays. By Henrik Ib- 
sen. Transited by Clara Bell. 16mo, pp. 520. Lovell's 
" Series of Foreign Literaturo.** Paper, 50 cents. 

POETRY, 
Sonera of a Savoyard. Bv W. S. Gilbert. Illustrated by 

author. 8vo, pp. 142. George Routledge A Sons. $2.50. 
The Lion's Cub, with Other Verse. By Richard Henry 

Stoddard. With Portrait. 16mo, pp. 153, gilt top. 

Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25. 
Departmentcd Ditties, Barrack-Room Ballads, and Other 

Verses. By Rudyaxd Kipling, author of " Plain Tales 

from the Hills.'* 12mo, pp. 270, uncut, gilt top. U. S. 

Book Co. $1.25. 
Ballads. By Robert Louis Stevenson. 16mo, pp. 85, gilt 

top. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.00. 
Boee Brake. Poems by Danske Dandridge, author of ** Joy, 

and Other Poems.^' 24mo, pp. 110. G. P. Putnam's 

Sons. 75 cents. 
Under the Nursery Lamp: Songs about the Little Ones. 

24mo, pp. 87, gilt edges. A. D. F. Randolph. 75 cents. 
Selections from the Poetical Works of Robert Browning: 

A Pocket Volume. Sm. crown 8vo, pp. 319. London : 

Smith, Elder & Co. 40 cents. 
Tlie Franklin Square Song Collection, Number 7 : Songs 

and Hymns. Selected by J. P. McCaskey. 8vo, pp. 184. 

Harper & Bros. Paper, 50 cents. 
The Mominer Hour: A Daily Song Service for Schools. By 

Irving Emerson, O. B. Brown, and George E. Gay. 8vo, 

pp. 112. Ginn & Co. 60 cents. 

FICTION, 

"Widow Guthrie. A Novel. By Richard Malcolm John- 
ston. Illustrated by E. W. Kemble. 12mo, pp. 309. D. 
Appleton & Co. $1..*^. 

Tlie Dema«rogue. A Political Novel. By David Ross 
Locke C' Nasby '*), author of ''Hannah Jane.'' 12mo, 
pp. 465. Lee A Shepard. $1.50. 

Aunt Dorothy: An Old Virginia PUntation Story. Bv 
Margaret J. Preston, author of '' Colonial BaUads.'' Il- 
lustrated, l6mo, pp. 92. A. D. F. Randolph A Co. GOc. 



Tales by Copp^a. Ten Tales transUted by Walter Lamed. 
Wiiii 50 pen-and-ink drawings by Albert E. Sterner, and 
an Introauotion by Brander Matthews. 16mo, pp. 219, 
uncut. Harper A Bros. $1.25. 

Seven Dreamere. By Annie Trumbull Slosson. With 
Frontispiece, l2mo.pp.281. Harper <& Bros. $1.25. 

Patience. By Anna B. Warner, author of '* Dollars and 
Cents.'' 16mo, pp. 412. J. B. Lippinoott Ck>. $1.25. 

A SuooeeefUl Man. By Julien Gbrdon, author of ^*A Dip- 
lomat's Diarv.'' 16mo,pp.l84. J. B. Lippinoott Co. $1. 

The Elixir, and Other Tales. By Georg Ebers, author of 
'' Margery." Translated by Mrs. Edward Hamilton Bell. 
Authorized edition, with Portrait, 24mo, pp. 261. W. S. 
Gottsberger A Co. 90 cents. 

Harper's Franklin Square Library— New volumes : The 
Wonderful Adventures of Phra the Phcenioian, by Edwin 
Lester Arnold, illustrated, 50 cents ; Maroia, by W. E. 
Norris, 40 cents. 

Lovell's International Series— New volumes: Heart of 
Gold, by L. T. Meade ; The Sloane Square Scandal and 
other Stories, by Annie Thomas (Mrs. Pender Cudli^) ; 
Famous or Infamous, by Bertha lliomas ; Between Life 
and Death, by Frank Barrett ; AJas I by Rhoda Brough- 
ton : Dramas of Life, by George R. Sims ; The House of 
Halliwell, by Mrs. Henry Wood ; Ruffino and other Sto- 
ries, by CHiida ; The Honorable Miss, bv L. T. Meade ; 
Wormwood, by Marie Correlli ; Basil ana Annette, bvB. 
L. Faneon: The Demoniac, by Walter Besant; The 
Black-Box Murder, by the Man who Discovered the Mur- 
der. Each volume, 50 cents. 

Lovell's Westminster Series— New volumes : Work while 
Ye Have the Light, translated from the Russiaa of Count 
Lyof N. Tolstoi', by E. J. Dillon ; A Black Business, by 
Hawley Smart ; He Went for a Soldier, by John Strange 
Winter ; Missings— A Young Girl, by Florence Warden ; 
Le Beau Sabrour, b^ Annie Thomas ; A Very Young 
Couple, by B. L. Faijeon ; A Bride from the Bush, by a 
New Writer ; A LaggEtfd in Love, by Jeanie Ghryn Bet- 
tany. Each volume, 25 cents. 

Worthinfirton's International Library— New volume: 
Christmas Stories, translated from the German of W. 
Heimburg, by Mrs. J. W. Davis, illustrated, 76 c4ntB. 

Worthinfirton's Rose Library— New volume : One of Cle- 
opatra's Nights, and other Romances^ by Theophile Ghra- 
tier, translated by Lafcadio Heam, illustratea by J. M. 
Gleeson, 50 cents. 

Lovell's American Authors' Series— New volumes : By 
Whose Hand ? by Edith Sessions Tupper ; On the Heights 
of Himalay, by A. Van Der Naillen. Each volume, 50o. 

Lippinootfs Select Novels— New volumes: The Other 
Man's Wife, by John Strange Winter; A Homburg Beauty, 
by Mrs. Edwud Eennard. Each volume, 50 cents. 

TRAVEL. 

Royal Edinburcrb : Her Samts, Kings, Prophets, and Poets. 
By Bfrs. Oliphant, author of ** Makers oi Florence." Il- 
lustrated by George Reid, R.S.A. 12mo, pp. 520, uncut, 
tnh top. Macmillan A Co. $3.00. 

A woman's Trip to Alaska: Being an Account of a Voy- 
age through the Inland Seas of tiie Sitkam Ajrchipelago m 
1890. By Septima M. Collins, author of " A Woman's 
War Record.'' Illustrated, 8vo, pp. 194, uncut, gilt top. 
CaasellPub'gCo. $2.60. 

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE, 

Wild Beasts and their Ways. Reminiscences of Europe, 

Asia, Africa, and America. By Sir Samuel W. Baker, 

F.R.S. IUu8trated,8vo,pp.455. Macmillan & Co. $3.50. 

StroUs by StarUght and Sunshine. By W. Hamilton 

Gibson, author of " Pastoral Days." Illustrated by the 

author, 4to, pp. 194, gilt edges. Harper A Bros. $3..'X). 

ThrouflTh Magic Glasses, and other Lectures : A Sequel to 

" The FairyUnd of Science." By Arabella B. Buckley, 

author of ** Winners in Life's Races." Illustrated, 12mo, 

pp. 234. D. Appleton A Co. $1.50. 

LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE. 

Hindu Literature: or. The Ancient Books of India. By 
Elizabeth A. Reed. S. C. Griggs <& Co. $2.00. 

English Prose from Elizabeth to Victoria (1580-1880). Chosen 
and arranged by James M. Gamett, M.A., LL.D. 12mo, 
pp.701. Ginn <& Co. $1.65. 

A Dictionary of the Tai^gumim, the Talmud, Babli, and 
Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature. Compiled by 
M. Jastrow, Ph.D. Part IV., 4to, pp. 289 to 384. G. P. 
Putnam's Sons. Boards, per part, $2.00. 



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[Jan., 



RELIGION-THEOLOG F. 

The Evidence of Christian Experience. Beinflr the Ely 
Lectures for 1890. By Lewis French Steams. 12mo, pp. 
473. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.00. 

My Note-Book : Fragrmentary Studies in Theoloey, and Sub- 
jects Adjacent thereto. Bv Austin Phelps, D.D. With 
portrait, IGmo, pp. 324. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1 .50. 

Indications of the Book of Genesis. Bv Edward B. 
Latch, author of " A Review of the Holy Bible." 12mo, 
pp.409. J. B. Lippineott Co. $1,150. 

The Evolution of Immortality ; or, Suggestions of an In- 
dividual Immortality. By C. T. Stockwell. 3d edition, 
with Appendix. 16mo, pp. 104. C. H. Kerr & Co. 60 cts. 

Deacon Herbert's Bible-Class. By James Freeman Clarke. 
32mo, pp. 138. Geoige H. Ellis. 50 cents. 

JUVENILES, 

The Bed Fairy Book. Edited bv Andrew Lang. Illus- 
trated by H. J. Ford and Lancelot Speed. 12mo, pp. 307, 
gilt edges. Longmans, Green & Co. S2.00. 

The YounfiT Folks' CyclopsBdla of Games and Sporta 
By John D. Champlin, Jr., and Arthur E. Bostwick. D- 
Instrated, 8vo, pp. 831. Henry Holt <& Co. $2.50. 

Crowded Out o' Crofield ; or, The Boy Who Made His 
Way. By W. O. Stoddard. Illustrated, 12mo, pp. 261. 
D. Appleton <fe Co. $1.50. 

KinflT Tom and the Runaways: The Stoiy of What Befell 
Two Boys in a Geoz^ Swamp. By Louis Pendleton, 
author of " In the Wuw Grass.'' Illustrated, 12mo, pp. 
273. D. Appleton <fe Co. $1.50. 

Little He and She. By Grace Denio Litchfield, author of 
" CrisB-Cross." Dlus., 4to, pp. 175. D.I^thropCo. $1.50. 

A Bou«rh ShakinfT. By George Maedonald, author of ''Da- 
vid Elginbrod." 12 full-page illustrations by W. Parkin- 
son. 12mo, pp. 384. George Routledge & Sons. $1.50. 

A Younff Macedonian in uie Army of Alexander the 
Great. By Rev. Alfred J. Church. M. A. Blustrated, 
12mo, pp. 325. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. 

Under Orders: The Storyof a Young Reporter. By Kirk 
Mnnroe, author of '' JDorymates.'' Illustrated, 12mo, 
pp:348. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.26. 

Double Play; or. How Joe Hardy Chose his Friends. By 
William Everett, author of ''Changing Base." Illus- 
trated, 16mo, pp. 244. Roberts Bros. $1.25. 

Chan«rln«r Base : or, What Edward Rice Learned at School. 
By WiUiam Everett, author of '' Double PUy." Illna- 
trated, 16mo, pp. 282. Roberts Bros. $1.25. 

Thine, not Mine : A Sequel to '' Changing Base." By Will- 
iam Everett, author of '* Double Puiy." Dlustrated, 
16mo, pp. 297. Roberts Bros. $1.25. 

Prince Dimple and His Everydav Doines. Told for the 
Little Ones by Mrs. George A. PauU (Minnie E Kenuey). 
niustrated,12mo,pp.l29. A. D. F. Randolph <fe Co. $1.25 

History of My Pets. Bv Grace Greenwood, author of " Sto- 
ries of My Childhood." New edition, illustrated, 12mo, 
pp.222. U.S. Book Co. $1.00. 

Stories of My Childhood, and Other Tales. By Grace 
Greenwood, author of " History of My Pets." New edi- 
tion, illustrated, 12mo, pp. 249. U. S. Cook Co. $1.00. 

Pards: A Story of Two Homeless Boys. Bv Effie W. Mer- 
riman. Dlus., sq. 16mo, pp. 202. Lee & Shepard. $1.00. 

Captain January. By Laura £. Richards. 16mo, pp. 64. 
Estes & Lauriat. 50 cents. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Good Living: A Practical Cookery-Book for Town and 
Country. By Sarah Van Buren Brugi^re. 8vo, pp. 580. 
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.25. 

Society As I Have Found It. By Ward McAllister. With 
Portrait. 8vo, pp. 409. Cassell Publishing Co. $2.00. 

The Illustrated Gamekeeper at Home. Sketches of Nat^ 
ural History and Rural Life. By Richard JeflPeries, au- 
thor of "The Amateur Poacher." New edition, illus- 
trated, 12mo, pp. 221. Roberts Bros. $1.50. 

Millionaires of a Day: An Inside History of the Gh'eat 
Southern California Boom. By Theodore S. Van Dyke. 
12mo, pp. 208. Fords, Howard & Hulbert. $1.00. 

A Dream of a Modest Prophet. By M. D. Leggett. 16mo, 
pp. 207. J. B. Lippineott Co. $1.00. 

Hermetic Philosophy. Designed for Students of the Her^ 
metic, Pythagorean, and PUtouic Sciences, and Western 
Occultism. By an Acolyte of the ** H. B. of L." Vol. I. 
lOmo, pp. 184. J. B. Lippineott Co. $1.00. 

[Any book in this list will he mailed to any address, post-paid^ 
on receipt qf price by Messrs, A. C. McClubo & Co., Chicago!\ 



LADIES' STATIONERY. 



fi^ few years ago, our fashionable peo- 
ple would use fw Staiionery but Imported 
goods. Tbe American styles and tnakes 
did mt come up to what they required. 
Messrs. Z.5r W. M. CRANE set to work 
to prove that as good or better goods could 
be made in this country as abroad. How 
well they have succeeded is shown by tbe 
fact that foreign goods are now scarcely 
quoted in the market, while CRANE'S 
goods are staple stock with ever}^ dealer of 
any pretensions. This firm has done 
much during the past two or three years 
to produce a taste for decui- finish Papers, 
and to-day their brands of 'Grecian An- 
tique/ 'Tarchment Vellum/ 'Old-style/ 
and 'Distaff/ are as popular as their fin- 
est 'Satin Finish' goods. The name for 
each of their brands is copyrighted; and 
their Envelopes, which match each style 
and si{e of Paper, are high-cut pattern, 
so that the gum cannot come in contact 
with a letter encbsed, during sealing. 

e/f fuU line of these Standard Goods is kept 
constantly in stock by A. C. iJAcOurg Sr Co., 
H^abasb nAve. and (Madison St., Chicago. 

To AUTHORS.— The New York Bubrau of Revibiok 
gives critical opinions on manuscripts of all^ kinds, edits 
them for publication, and offers them to publishers. Send 
stamp to Dr. Coan for prospectus at 20 West 14th St., New 
York City. 

Through Vestibuled and Colonist Sleepers 

Between Chicago and Tacoma, IVasb., 

and Portland, Ore. 

'THE Wisconsin Central and Northern Pacific 
^ lines run through Pullman Vestibuled and Colonist 
Sleepers between Chicago and Tacoma, Waah., and Port- 
land, Ore. The train known as the " Pacific Express " 
leaves the Grand Central Passenger Station, at the cor- 
ner of Fifth Avenue and Harrison street, at 10.45 p. m. 
daily. For tickets, berths in Pullman or Colonist Sleep- 
ers, etc., apply to Geo. K. Thompson, City Passenger 
and Ticket Agent, 205 Clark Street ; or to>. J. Eddy, 
Depot Ticket Agent, Grand Central Passenger Station, 
comer Fifth Avenue and Harrison street, Chicago, Dl. 



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THE DIAL. 



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A DIRECTORY OF 

Representative Booksellers of the United States 

Authorized Agents for receiving Subscriptions to THE DIAL, copies of which 
may be had of them for examination. 



DemopoliB . . WilliAm H. Welch. 



Little Rock 



Arkansas. 

. D.H.&B.Pope&Co. 



Caufobkia. 
Los Angeles . Stoll <fe Thayer. 
Pasadena . . H. H. Suesserott. 
San Francisco . The Bancroft Co. 



Denyer . . 
Fort Collins 
Golden . . 
Manitou . . 



COLOBADO. 

. Stone & Locke Book Co 

. E.W. Reed. 

. E. F. Rundlett. 

. Charles A. Ghrant. 



PiieUo . . . J.J.Stanchfield&Bxo. 

CoiTNBCTICUT. 

NewHayen . T. H. Pease <& Son. 

District of Columbia. 
Washington . Wm. Ballantyne & Son 



Boise City 
Hailey . 



Aurora . . 

Canton . . 

it 

Carthage 
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Cooltersyille 
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Eyanston 
Jacksonyille 
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Litchfield . 
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MontioeUo . 
Naoyoo . . 
Ottawa . . 
Paw Paw . 
Roeklskmd 
Rockford . 
Springfield . 
Virginia . . 
Wankegan . 
Wilmington 



L>AHO. 

. James A. Pinney. 

. Steward Brothers. 

Illinois. 

. W.H. Watson. 

W. H. Corwin. 

. E. B. Shinn <& Co. 

. Thomas F. Payne. 

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. W. A. Milligan. 

. W. W.R.Woodhury. 

. George W. Muir. 

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Aitohison & Beger. 

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. WilhurAPratt. 

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. Frank Simmons. 

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Columhns . 
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Independence 
Iowa City . 
Marshalltown , 
Shenandoah 
Sioux City . , 
Storm Ijake 



Columhus . 
Fredonia 
Hiawatha . 
IoL» . . . 
Junction City 
Manhattan . 
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OUthe . . 
Peabody . . 
Topeka . . 
Wichita . . 



Indiana. 

. George E. Ellis. 

. Bowen-Merrill Co. 

Iowa. 

. Manro & Wilson. 

. Wise <& Bryant. 

. Redhead, Norton <& Co. 

. L. G. Tyler & Co. 

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. Geo. P. Powers & Co. 

. J. C. Webster & Co. 

. Small & Co. 

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Kansas. 

. Branin & Slease. 

. J. W. Paulen. 

. Miner A Stevens. 

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. KeUamBook<&Sta.Co. 

. Robinson <fe Champion. 



Massachusetts. 
Cambridge . . Charles W. Seyer. 

Michigan. 
Detroit . . . John Macfarlane. 
Grand Rapids . Eaton, Lyon & Co. 
Blarqnette . . H. H. Stafford & Son. 
Muskegon . . H. D. Baker. 

Minnesota. 
Faribault . . Charles £. Smith. 
Fergus Falls . N. J. Mortensen. 
Mankato . . Stewart & Holmes. 
Stillwater . . Johnson Brothers. 
Vemdale . . A. S. McMillan. 

Missouri. 
Kansas City . M. H. Dickinson & Co. 
Liberty . . . B. F. Dunn. 
Moberley . . Mrs. £. S. Haines. 



Auburn . . 
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Norfolk . . 
Omaha . . 
Red aoud . 



Syracuse 



Nebraska. 

. E. H. Dort. 

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. Arthur GKbson. 

. J. H. Mullen. 

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. Cbison, Fletcher & Co. 

. Daniel J. Koenigstein. 

. John S. Canlfield. 

. C. L. Cotting. 

New York. 
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North Dakota. 
Grafton . . . HaussamenA Hamilton 
Grand Forks . F. W. Iddings. 

Ohio. 
Alliance . . . I. C. Milbum. 
Cadiz .... N. A. Hauna. 
Cleyeland . . Taylor, Austin <& Co. 



Albany . . 
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Porthuid 
The Dalles . 



Oregon. 

. Foshay &, Mason. 
. Griffin <& Reed. 
. J. K.Gill A Co. 
. L C. Nickelsen. 



South Dakota. 
Dell Rapids . Knight & Folsom. 
Pierre . . . Kemp Brothers. 
Sioux Falls. . C. O. Natesta. 



Ephraim 



Utah. 
. J. F. Dorius & Co. 



Washinoton. 
Ellensburg . . D. W. Morgan. 
Seattle . . . Lowman&Hanford Co. 
Vaucouyer . . James Waggener, Jr. 
Walla Walla . Stine Brothers. 



Appleton 

Eau Claire 

Eyansyille 

Kenosha 

Menominee 

Milwaukee 

Oconto . 
Stevens Point 
Sturgeon Bay 



Wisconsin. 

. C. F.Rose & Co. 

. Book A Stationery Co. 

. W.T.Hoxie. 

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. T. S.Gray & Co. 

. West Book Co. 

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. H. D. McCuUoch Co. 

. Louis Reiehel. 



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What is it you want in 
your cook book? 

To cook well requires training and experience. Not 
CERTAINTY, every housewife can do it. A thousand-and-one du- 
ties come between her and the knowledge that makes 
a good cook. She must borrow from someone else's 
experience. Hence the cook book. Hence Mrs. Rorer's 
Cook Book. Years of teaching and practice in print. 
Not one failure between the lids of the book. Every 
recipe is proved sure. You can be a good cook by the 
use of this book ; you may not by your own devices. 

There is an economy that is wise and prudent ; there 
ECONOMY, is an economy that is trifling. One means a saving 
from waste ; the other a loss of 'time and ambition. 
Mrs. Rorer teaches the true economy that makes much 
of little, and preserves one's self-respect. 

Effectiveness is often lost in obscurity or in a pre- 
CLEARNESS. supposed knowledge of the subject. Mrs. Rorer not 
only understands how to cook but also how to teach. 
Her explanations are so clear, you cannot fail. 

BE SURE YOUR COOKING GUIDE FOR E/GHTEEN-NINETY-ONE 
IS ONE IN iVHICH YOU CAN PLACE RELIANCE. 

Mrs. Rorer's Cook Book is bound in tidy dark-brown oil-cloth covers 
that are washable. Price, $1.7^ Your bookseller has it or can get it, 
or we will mail it and pay the postage. 

ARNOLD & COMPANY, Publishkks, 
Sdd by A. C. McClurg & Co. 420 Library Street, Philadelphia. 

DO YOU WANT TO MAKE YOUR OWN CANDY ? HERE, THEN, IS THE HELP YOU NEED. 
MRS. RORER'S HOME CANDY MAKING. PAPER COVERS, 40 CENTS ; CLOTH, 73 CENTS. 



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'^ yj 



CHICAGO, FEBRUARY, 1891. 



voi.xr. I 

XO. 180. i 



XDITED BT 

FRANCIS F. BROWNE. 



HARPER'S MAGAZINE 

FOR FEBRUARY. 

THIS number excels in the variety and value 
of its illustrated articles. The frontispiece 
is a portrait of Edwin Vootb, engi-aved 
from Sargent's painting at the Player's Club. j4 
novel and entertaining feature of the Number 
is the collection of twelve original drawings (now 
published for the first time) by IV. M. Thackeray, 
illustrating the '' Heroic Adventures of M. Vou- 
din/' with comment by Anne Thackeray Rit- 
chie. Two important papers, with numerous illus- 
trations, appear on Finland. Charles Dudley 
Warner contributes an illustrated article entitled 
" The Heart of the T>esert" describing the val- 
ley of the Yosemite, the great desert of New Mex- 
ico, and the Grand Cafion of the Colorado. A 
voyage in Southern latitudes through "Smyth's 
Channel and the Strait of {Magellan " is the sub- 
ject of an entertaining illustrated paper by Theo- 
dore Child. Bishop Hurst contributes a paper 
on "English IVriters in India"; L. E. Chit- 
tenden an interesting chapter of reminiscences, 
entitled " The Faith of President Lincoln"; and 
Ellen Mackay Hutchinson, a paper on " ' Per- 
sonal Intelligence' Fifty Years Ago." The fic- 
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(MARIA : A South American T(pmance. 
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(MODERN GHOSTS. 
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Popular Science Monthly 

FOR THE YEAR 1891, 

While containing the well-known features that have made it valued 
and respected for nearly a score of years, will pub- 
lish a Series of Important Articles on 

THE DEyELOPMENT OF <,/lMERICAN INDUSTRIES SINCE 

THE TIME OF COLUMBUS. 



Each article will be prepared by a writer of long practical acquaintance with his subject, and will 
be copiously illustrated. Among the early papers in this series will be : THE T^El^ELOPMENT OF 
THE COTTON MANUFACTURE, by Edward Atkinson; THE IRON AND STEEL INDUS- 
TRY, by W. F. DuRFEE ; WOOLENS, by S. M. D. North ; and GLASS, by Professor C Hanford 
Henderson. Articles on the Silk, Paper, Pottery, <t/1gricultural OAacbinery, and Sbip-Building 
industries are among those in active preparation. 

Hon. David A. Wells on TAXATION. A series of papers on The Principles of Taxation, 
based upon a score of lectures given by Mr. Wells at the invitation of the Faculty of Harvard University, 
will be one of the features of the coming year. Dr. Andrew D. White's New Chapters in the Warfare 
of Science will continue to appear from time to time. 

The other contents of the magazine will be of the same general character and high order of excel- 
lence as heretofore. With other illustrations, each number contains a finely engraved Portrait of some 
eminent man of science, with a Biographical Sketch. 



Contents for February. 



Iron-Smelting by Modern Methods. By William 

F. DURFEE. 

The third of the great illustrated series of Industrial Ai^ 
tides now running in the Monthly. A striking contrast is 
here diown between iron-making in 1840 and the position to 
which improyed methods have now brought it. 

New Chapters in the Warfare of Science. 

XI. From Babel to Comparative Pliilology. Part II. 
By Andrew Dickson White. 

Describes the fall of the beliefs whose rise was chronicled 
in the first paper. 

The t/tryan Question and Prehistoric OAan. 
II. By Prof. T. H. Huxley. 

Coeducation in Swiss Universities. By Flora 

Bridges. 

The action of a practical people on a subject that is being 
much discussed in this count^. 



Precision in 'Physical Training. By M. Georges 
Demeny. 

Greeting by Gesture. By Garrick Mallery. 

An account of many curious niodes of greeting, such as 
patting each other's heads and bodies, rubbing noses, kissing, 
etc., practiced in all parts of the worid. 

Progress in Agricultural Science. By Dr. Manly 

Miles. Illustrated. 

A record of experiments that throw mneh light upon the 
nutrition of plants. 

The Storage of Cold. By Charles Morris. 
Chinese "Buddhism. By Warren G. Benton. 
Shetland Ponies. 
Sketch of fean-Charles Hou^eau. (With Portrait.) 



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e/? IVASHINGTON 'BIBLE-CLASS. 

By Gail Hamilton. Large 12mo, cloth, $1.50. 

A year ago this brBliaiit antkor's interpre^kms of the Bible gathered about her the most distinguished rep- 
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One reason given for the existence of « A Washington Bible-Class " is the desire of mothers to have some 
reasonable system of faith to teach to their active-minded children. Thoughtful mothers will find in the book 
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THE PRiyATE JOURNAL OF IVILLIAM 
(MACLAY. 

United States Senator from, Pennsylvania, 1789-1791, 

WITH POBTBArr FROM OBIOIKAL MnOATURE. 

Edited by Edgar S. Maclay, A.M. Large 8vo. 
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As the early seasioiis of CongreflB were held with closed 
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asdiscuflsea in the First Congress ; aleo' Bt «»ng- s idfr4ights— 
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A NEW EDITION OF 

THE EVOLUTION OF £MAN AND 

CHRISTIANITY. 

By Rev. Howard MacQueary. 12mo, cloth, 91.75. 

With a new Pr^ace, in which the Author answers his Critics, 

and with some important Additions, 

" ' There can be little doubt,' says Professor LeContCj ' that 
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This change means not a readjustment of details only, but a 
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written this book. Evolution is ^ in the air,* and its funda- 
mental tenets are being accepted (perhaps unconoiously) by 
all elasses of minds. It oehooves us, then, as religious teach- 
ers, to recognize ibis fact, and adjust our theology accord- 
ingly."— l^ow the Preface, 

** The Questions at issue are vital in their character,*'— ^«w 
York Trtbufke, 

*' The ecclesiastical trial of the Rev. Howard MacQueary 
win attract the attention of Christians of every name.''— i^Teic^ 
York Times, 

Vol. LXVIII., Intebnational ScnfiNrnric Seriss. 

SOCIALISM O^EIV AND OLD. 
By Professor William Graham. 12mo, cloth, $1.75. 
"'' Prof. Graham's book may be confidently recommended 
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%ING-RIDING. 

Being a CoUection of Movements and Commands, de- 
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0/? SENSITIVE PLANT. 

A new Novel by E. and D. Gerard, joint authors of 
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A FASCINATING SPANISH NOVEL. 

TX)NA LUZ. 

By Don Juan Yalera, author of " Pepita Ximenez." 
TransUited by Mrs. Mary J. Serrano. No. 67 
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HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN WINTER 
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Vol. 4 of Americcm, Religious Leaden. By Professor 
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This story is a long look forward to the vast progreas which 
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CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY. 

Second Series, By James Parton. 16mo, $1.25. 

Brief biogn4>hies of nearly fifty persons who, in yarious 
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THE WGLOfV TAPERS. 

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YOUNG (MAIDS AND OLD. 

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V^OTABLE "BOOKS. 

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^ O^AMELESS O^OBLEMAN. 
STANDISH OF STANDISH. 
"DR. LeBARON AND HIS IDAUGHTERS. 

Three Historical Novels of the Old Plymouth Col- 
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Speaking of ''Standish of Standish,'' The Nation says: 
''*' Tlie beautiful directness and purity of its style, the splen- 
did picture-events in which great men form part and are not 
made small, the pathos with which that old colony life is in- 
vested, all unite to demand from the judging class of readers 
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THE 



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EDITED BY 



HENRY MORLEY, LL.D., 

Emeritius Professor of English Literature at Universitg 
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« One of the most valuable series of books now 
mg from the press.** — Christian Union, 



Vol. l.-THE TALE OP A TUB, AND OTHER WORKS. 

By JOKATBAlf SWUT. 

Vol. 2.— TALES OF THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS, BE- 
ING THE CONFESSIO AMANTIS OF JOHN 
GOWER. 

Vol. 3.-THE EARLIER LIFE AND THE CHIEF EAR- 
LIER WORKS OF DANIEL DEFOE. 

Vol. 4.-EARLY PROSE ROMANCES. 

Vol. 5.-EARLY PROSE WRITINGS OF JOHN MILTON. 

Vol. 6.-PAR0DIES AND OTHER BURLESQUE PIECES 
by CAmoMO, Ellis, and Frbkb. 

Vol. 7.-TASS0'S JERUSALEM DELIVERED. Traas- 
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Vol. 8.-L0ND0N UNDER ELIZABETH: A Survey of 
London by Johk Stow. 

Vol. 9.-MASQUES AND ENTERTAINMENTS. By 
Ben Jonson. 

Vol. lO.-IRELAND UNDER ELIZABETH AND JAMES 
THE FIRST. By Spsnbsb, Dayibs, and Mo- 

BTBON. 

Vol. 11.— GULLIVER'S TRAVELS anb OTHER WORKS. 
By Jonathan Swift. 

Vol. 12.-MEM0IRS OF MY LIFE AND WRITINGS. By 
Edwabd Gibbon. 

Vol.l3.-MACHIAVELU'S HISTORY OF FLORENCE. 

{In press.) ' 

Others in preparation, 

ISmo, cloth, cut or uncut edges, per vol,, fl,00 
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** A series of handsomely printed volnmes." — The 
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« Of the Carisbrooke Library we have nothing to say 
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<< Professor Morley is doing excellent service in this 
new series." — N, Y, Times, 

<* Lovers of the literature of their tongue and race 
owe Mr. Morley a debt of gratitude.'* — Providence 
Journal, 

For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent postpaid, on re- 
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" A perfe& storehouse of interesting things, grave and gay, political, philosophical, literary, 
social, witty." — London Tihgs. 

THE LIFE, LETTERS, AND FRIENDSHIPS 

OF 

Richard Monckton Milnes 

(FIRST LORD HOUGHTON). 

By T. WEMYSS REID. Introduction by RICHARD HENRY STODDARD. 
In two Octavo Volumes, with two Portraits, Extra Cloth. Price, $5.00. 



** No more agreeable volumes have appeared for many a 
day. . . . No more perfect subject for a biographer could 
well be found ; ... he talked, he wrote, he entertained, 
be read voraciously, he lived long, he knew everybody, and 
he kept his letters. Hence the volumes which his biographer 
has compiled are a perfect storehouse of interesting things, 
grave and gay, political, philosophical, literary, social, witty. 
At every page we meet with distinguished men and women." 
— London Times, 

" We can only strongly recommend the reader to get the 
' Life and Letters ' as soon as he can, and he will thank Mr. 
Wemyas Reid for having furnished him with the means of 
paasin^ as many agreeable evenings as it will take him to read 
thronfirh the book.''— TAe New York Herald, 

^* In this biography, not his acquaintances only, but his 
friends, are counted by hundreds ; and they are found in every 
country."— 2%e Right Hon, W, E, Gladstone, in The Speaker, 

** Will be the book of the season, and an enduring master- 
piece."— TA* Star. 

" The book has hardly a dull page in it, from beginning to 
end."— 2%€ Standard. 

'* It 18 certainly the most entertaining record of men and 
manners of the century that we have read."— TVu^A, London. 



" These charming volumes are more interesting than most 
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" There are letters here from Matthew Arnold, Miss Berry, 
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Edward FitzGerald (on Keats and Tennyson), Mrs. Gaskell 
(on Charlotte BrontS), Mr. Gladstone, David Gray, Ghiizot, 
the two Hallams, Julius Hare, Hajrward, Helps, Leigh Hunt, 
Mr. Kinglake, Landor, Longfellow, Macaulay, Mill, Monta- 
lembert. Motley, Palmerston, Mrs. Procter, Sydney Smith, 
Herbert Spencer, Dean Stanley, Mr. Swinburne (on Landor), 
Connop Thirlwall, Archbishop Trench, Anthony Trollope (on 
the prices given to novelists). Cardinal Wiseman, and Words- 
worth. The mere enumeration of these names, which are 
fairly representative of the people speaking and spoken of in 
this work, will give some notion of the edification and enjoy- 
ment to be derived from its perusal." — Tke London Globe, 

" Space forbids us to say more this : that for wealth of an- 
ecdote, pleasant literaty and political gossip, for a moving 
and brilliant panorama of the best society of our time, we 
know of no recent biography that can be named in rivalry 
with Mr. Reid's ' Life of Lord Houghton.' ''—The Observer. 



English Writers: 



AN ATTEMPT TOWARDS 



^ HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. 

l^y HENRY MORLEY, LL.D., Emeritius Professor of English Language and Literature at University 

College, London. 

Just Published: Vol. VI. FROM CHAUCER TO CAXTON. 

The previous volumes of this Series are : 



/. From the Earliest Ttrnes to Beowulf. 
II. From Caedmon to the Conquest, 



III. From the Conquest to Chaucer. 

ly. Literature of the 14 th Century, Part L 



V. Literature of the i4tb Century, Part II. 
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HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 
By Henrt Adams. The complete set, nine volumes, in 

a box, 918.00. 

With the three volumes on the Second Administration 
of President Madison Mr. Adams's great work is com- 
pleted. A fnll Index to the entire work is in the last 
volume, the volumes on each administration having, 
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FntflT ADMnnsTRATioif of Thomas Jbtfiuison, 1801- 
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PACIFIC COAST SCENIC TOUR. 

Prom Southern California to Alaska — The Yosemite — 
The Canadian Pacific Railway — ^Yellowstone Park 
and the Grand Cafion. By Hexrt T. Finck. With 
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*' The writer oombines very happUsr the faculty of close 

observation and minute description with real literarv skill. 

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Union, -^ 

IN SCRIPTURE LANDS. 
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** We have seen no work of exploration and travel in these 
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LIFE OF JOHN ERICSSON. 
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^* These handsome volumes are full of many kinds of inter- 
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ELECTRICITY IN 'DAILY LIFE. 

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**TluMe who recall the renuvkable volume upon railroads 
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HOIV THE OTHER HALF LI^ES. 

Studies among the Tenements of New York. By Jacob 
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'' This book has an extraordinary interest. It is, with all 

its revelations, not sensational} simply offerinsr, in viirorous, 

humane, and fascinating narrative, the plain truth.**— Brooil;- 

lyn Times. 



NEW IMPORTATIONS. 



%ICHARD WAGNER'S LETTERS 
TO HIS DRESDEN FRIENDS : Theodore Uhlig, 
William Fischer, and Ferdinand Heine. Translated 
into English, with a Preface by J. S. Shedlock, and 
an Etching of Wagner by C. W. Sherborne. 1 vol., 
handsome cloth, with gilt stamp, uncut edges, gilt 
top; uniform style with "Wagner-Liszt Correspond- 
ence." 83.50. 

ADVENTURES IN THE LIFE OF 

COUNT GEORGE ALBERT OF ERBACH. 

A True Story. Including his sojourn with the Knights 
of Malta, and his capture by the Barbary Corsairs 
and imprisonment in Algiers. Translated from the 
German of Dr. Emil Kraus by Beatrice, Princess 
Henry of Battenberg. With Portraits and Wood- 
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Second Vol. of EwfUs of Our Own Time 

A series of volumes on the Most Important Events of 
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THE INDIAN (MUTINY OF 18^7. 

By Colonel Malleson, C.S.I. With four Plans, and 
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ALFiEABY ISSUED. 

THE IV AR IN THE CRIMEA. 
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The Contemporary Science Series. 

Edited by Havelock Ellis. Most of the volumes 
will be illustrated, and each by an authority on the 
subject, containing between 300 and 400 pp." Others 
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NEW VOLUMES. 

THE SCIENCE OF FAIRY TALES. 
By Edwin Sidney Hartland. This volume deals 
with those fairy tales or folk-tales which contain a 
supernatural element, and which are known as Sagas 
and Nursery Tales, the study of which is now an im- 
portant and fascinating branch of Folk-Lore. 

(MANUAL TRAINING. 
By Dr. C. M. Woodward, of St. Louis, Mo. lUus. 

PREVIOUSLY ISSUED. 
Elbctbicity ik Modbbn The ViLLAas CoMMUKrrT. 

Lii'B- Evolution and DnsABE. 

ThB ObIOIN of THB AbYAMS. THsCBIMINALSANrrTAND 

PhybioonomyandExpbbssion. Insanity. 
Thb Evolution of Sex. Hypnotism. 



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Royal 4to^ 3-4 levant morocco^ gilt edges. Price^ ^50.00 net. 

Relics o^ the Royal House of Stuart. 

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Limited Edition. Royal 4to, 3-4 levant morocco, gilt edges. Price, $50.00 net. 

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Mrs, Oliphanfs New Book, Profusely Illustrated. 

T{qyal Edinburgh: 

Her Saints, Kings, and Scholars. By Mrs. Ou- 
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Just Published. With Illustrations by Julius Schnorr. 

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With 182 Illustrations by Hugh Thomson. 12mo, cloth 
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The Vicar of IVakefield. 

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Edited by Professor Dowden. 1 vol., with Portrait. 
Crown 8vo, $1.75. 

Mr. Matthew Arnold's Poems. New and Popular 
Edition in 1 vol. 

.cMattbew dirnold's Toetical IVorks. 

A New and Complete Edition, in 1 vol. With Por^ 

trait. Grown 8vo, $1.75. 

*«* Theee volumes range with the one-volume editions of 
Tennyson and Wordsworth. 



New Edition. Uniform with " The Treasury of Sacred 
Song." 12mo, f2.60. 

The Golden Treasury 

Of the Best Songs . and Lyrical Poems in the English 
Language. Selected and arranged, with Notes, by Francis 
TuKXTEB PAiiORAYE, Professor of Poetry in the University, 
of Oxford. 12mo, $2.50. 

*«* Also a limited edition on large paper, small 4to, $7.00 net. 

The Treasury of Sacred Song. 

Selected from the English Lyrical Poetry of Four Cen- 
turies. With Notes, explanatory and biographical, by Fran- 
cis Turner Pai«qrave. 12mo, printed on Oxford thin 
India paper. Bound in superfine smooth cloth, gilt lines, 
gold edges, $3.00 ; bound in Russia^ $5.00. 

The Adventure Series. New Volume. Edited and 
Illustrated by Howard Pyle. 

The "Buccaneers and (Marooners 

Of America. Being an account of the Famous Adven- 
tures and Daring Deeds of certain Notorious Freebooters of 
the Spanish Main. Edited and Illustrated by Howard 
Ptle. Large 12mo, $1.50. 

New Edition. 



Jippreciatiofis. 



With an Essay on Style. By Walter Pater, Fellow 
of Brasenose College, Oxford. Globe 8to, $1 .75. 

Works by Richard G. Moulton, M.A. 

Sbake^eare as a Dramatic Artist. 

Second Edition Revised and Enlarged. By R. G. Moul- 
ton, M.A. 12mo, $1.50. 

The Jlncient Classical T)rama. 

A Study in Literary Evolution. By R. G. Moulton, 
M.A. 12mo, $2.25. 



MACMILLAN & CO,, Publishers, 112 Fourth Avenue, New York. 

Digitized by VnOOQlC 



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THE Chandos Classics. 

A Series of over ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY VOLUMES OF STANDARD IVORKS 
in Poetry, History, "Biography, and General Literature. 

Ifany Yolumes in this Series are parttonlArly suited for use as adyanoed or supplementary readers, or for Literature Classes 
in EGfch Schools, Private Schools, and Colleges. Ask your bookseller, or send a postal card for a detailed list of the Series. 

Li a neat and effective Library binding, edges untrimmed, bound in smooth blue linen, boards, white title-labels, at a 
uniform price of SEVENTY-FIVE CENTS PER VOLUME. 

Or, in '' Roxburgh '* style doth binding, leather Ubels, gilt top, trimmed edges, price ONE DOLLAR PER VOLUME. 

THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME OF THE VOLUMES IN THIS SERIES : 



History of the War In tbe Peninsula 
and in the South of France, from the 
year 1807 to the year 1814. ByMajoi^ 
General W. F. P. Napier, C.B. With 
notes, and 55 maps and plans. In 6 yob. 

The Works of Horaoe. The Odes, 
Epodes, Satires, and Epistles. Trans- 
lated by the most eminent English 
Scholars and Poets. 

The Spectator, Selected Essavs from. 
Introduction and notes by A. Cf. Ewald. 

The Tattler. Selected E^ys. Introduc- 
tion and notes by A. C. Ewald, FJS.A. 

Edfirar Allan Poo's Poems and Es- 
sasrs on Poetry, etc.. and his narra- 
tive of Arthur Gordon Pym. Edited by 
John H. Ingram. New memoir, notes. 

The Ingoldsby Lecrends. By the Rev. 
R.H.Barham. With Life. Illustrated 
by Cruikshank and Leech. 

The Percy Anecdotes. 4 vols. (Aver- 
l)atim reprint of the orimial edition.) 
With a preface by John Timbs, FJS. A. 

The Poems and Ballads of Schiller. 
Wilh memoir. Trans, by Lord Lytton. 

The Ffthles of Pllpay (or Bidpai). With 
notes. Revised edition. Illustrated. 

The Shah-Nameh (of the Persian poet, 
Firdausi). Translated bv James Atkin- 
son. Edited bv Rev. J. A. Atkinson, 
Canon of Manchester. 

The niad of Homer. Translated by 
Alex. Pope, with notes by Rev. T. A. 
Buckley, M.A.. F.S.A. lUustrated 
with Fuuonan's designs. 

Odsrasey of Homer. Same as above. 

Bvery-day Book of Modem Litera- 
ture. A series of short readings from 
the best authors. Edited by George 
H. Townsend. 2 vols. 

The Poems and Bssasrs of Charles 
Lamb. 

Tales from Shakespeare. By Charles 
and Mary Lamb. With illustrations. 

The Romance of London. Supernat- 
ural stories, sights, and shows, strange 
adventures and remarkable persons. 
By John Timbs, F.S. A. 

Romance of London. With historical 
sketches, remarkable duels, notorious 
highwajrmen, roeueries, crimes and 
punishments, ana love and marriage. 
By John Timbs, F.S.A. 

Johnson's Lives of the Poets. With 
critical observations on their works, 
etc.^and sketch of the author's life by 
Sir Walter Scott. 

Life and Letters of Bdward Gibbon. 
Autobiographic memoirs of Gibbon, 
the historian. With his History of the 
Crusades. Indexed. 



The Poets of the Nineteenth Cen- 
tury. .Selected and edited by the Rev. 
Robt. Aris Willmott. Illustrated with 
130 original engravings. 

The Adventures of Oil Bias. By Le 
Sage. Translated from the French, 
with notes and illustrations. 

The Travels and Surprisincr Adven- 
tures of Baron Munchausen. Illus- 
trated with 37 curious engravings from 
the Bazon^s own designs, and 5 wood- 
cuts by George Cruikshank. 

Plutarch's Lives. 4 vols. (Langhome^s 
translation revised and modernized). 

Southeys Life of Nelson. 

Lord Bacon's Eidsays. Including his 
Moral and Historical Works, Advance- 
ment of Learning, New Atlantis, etc., 
with memoir, notes, and glossary. 

A Century of Anecdote. A collection 
of the best modem anecdotes of court, 
fashionable, and political life, men of 
letters, lawyers, eccentric persons, etc., 
from G^rge Selwyn to Coleridge, Syd- 
ney Smith, and Rogers. By John 
Timbs, F.S.A. 

The Book of French Sonars. Trans- 
lated by John Oxenford. Including 
Costello's Lays of the Troubadours. 
Finely illustrated. 

The Koran. The Alkorau of Moham- 
med. Translated into English from 
the original Arabic, with explanatory 
notes and a preliminary discourse. By 
George Sale. 

White's Natural History of Selbome. 
Edited, with notes, by 6. Christopher 
Davies, and profusely illustrated. 

The Constitutional History of En- 
gland. From Edward I. to Henry 
VII. By Henry HaUam. And The 
Constitution of England. By J. L. 
De Lolme. 

Beauties of Gtorman Literature. As 
exemplified by the works of Pichler, 
Richter, Zschokke, and Tierck. With 
biographical notices. 

Adventures of Don Quixote de la 
Mctncha. Translated from the Span- 
ish by Motteux. New revised edition. 

Lives of Eminent Novelists and Dra- 
matists. By Sir Walter Scott. 

Essasrs on Chivalry, Romance, and 
the Drama. By Sir Walter Scott. 

The Saracens: Their History, and the 
Rise and Fall of their Empire. By 
Eldward Gtibbon and Simon Ockley. 

The Vision of Dante. Hell, Purgatory, 
and Paradise. Tran. by Rev. H. F.Cary 

Percsr's Beliques of Ancient Poetry. 
Consisting of old heroic ballads, songs, 
etc. Edited by Edward Walford,M. A. 



Half-Hours with the Bast Authors. 
Including biegranhical and critieal no- 
tices by Charles Knight. New revised 
edition. 4 vols. 

Half-Hours of English History. Se- 
lections from the great historiod wri- 
ters, from the Roman period to Queen 
Victoria. Edited by Charies Knight. 
4 vols. 

Walton and Cotton's Angler. Anew 
edition, with notes, by G. Christopher 
Davies, and illustratiofis selected from 
Major^s beautiful edition, etc. 

Furtive Poetry of the Last Three 
Centuries. A valuable collection of 
anonymous poetry, sacred and secular, 
and translations,^athered from many 
sources. By J. C. Hutchinson. 

Pepys* (Samuel) Diary. 1659-1669. Ed- 
ited by Lord Brabrooke. 

Evelyn's (John) Diary, 1641-17aV6. 
Edited by William Bray, Esq. 

The Works of VirgrU. With Index 
and Life. Trans, by John Dryden. 

The Decline and Fall of the Roman 
Empire. By Edward Gibbon. In 4 
vols. Verbatim reprint. 

The History of England, from the in- 
vasion of Julius CflBsar to the abdica- 
tion of James II., 1688. By David 
Hume, Esq. A new edition, with the 
author^s last corrections. In 6 vols. 

The Works of the elder D'lsraeli : 
The Curiosities of Literature, in 3 vols. 
Literary Character of Men of Genius, 

1 vol. Calamities and Quarrels of Au- 
thors, 1 vol. Amenities of Literature, 

2 vols.; or complete in 7 vols. 

The Romance of History (5 vols.) : 
Enoulnd. By Heniy Neale. 
Fbavce. By Leitch Ritchie. 
Italy. By C. Macfariane. 
Spain. By Don T. De Trueba. 
India. By Rev. Hobart Cannter. 
Romantic stories bcued on historical faeu. 
Roscoe's Novelists (German, Spanish, 
and Italian). In 3 vols. Translated 
from the originals by Thomas Roseoe. 
With notes. 
The Book of Authors. A collection 
of criticisms, ana, mots, personal de- 
scriptions, etc., referring to English 
men of literature in every age. By W. 
CUrk RusseU. 
Representative Actors. A collection 
of criticisms, anecdotes, personal de- 
scriptions, etc., referring to many cele- 
brated actors from the sixteenth to the 
present century. 
Dr. Ssmtax's Thxee Toxira. In search 
of the picturesQue, of consolation, of a 
wife. With oolored illustrations. 



Of all Booksellers^ or mailed free^ on receipt of price^ by the Publishers^ 

FREDERICK WARNE & COMPANY, No. 3 Cooper Union, New York. 



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Vol. XI. FEBRUARY, 1891. No. 180. 



CONTEXTS. 

MADISON AND COMMERCIAL RESTRICTION. 

Henry W. Thurston 307 

STUDIES IN ENGLISH LITERATURE. Oliver 

Farrar Emeraon 309 

ODES FROM THE GREEK DRAMATISTS. M. L. 

D'Ooge 311 

RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. WUliam Morton 

Payne 312 

BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 318 

Aline Delano^s The Antobiogrraphy of Anton Rabin- 
stein. — Lee's The Biierotoraist's Vade-Mecum.— Mrs. 
Cary's D^sii^, Queen of Sweden and Norway. — 
The Love Letters of a Portugrneee Nun. — Sainte- 
Amand's Famous Women of the French Court.— 
Swift's GulKver's Travels, and other Works.— Sooiol- 
ogry. — Jefferie's Gamekeeper. — Cook's Sidney's De- 
fence of Poesy. — Reed's Bacon vs, Shakespeare.— Ba- 
conian Facts.— EUwanger's The Story of My House. 

BOOKS OF THE MONTH 321 



Mai>jsox AND Commercial RESTnicTioN."' 



James Madison, when he took the Presiden- 
tial oath of office, March 4, 1809, entered into 
a full inheritance of the American political es- 
tate as Thomas Jefferson left it. How many 
and how great the political and diplomatic lia- 
bilities of this estate were, and how severely 
they taxed the resources of the President, are 
clearly shown in Volumes V.-IX. of the " His- 
tory of the United States," by Henry Adams. 

The United States was at issue with Spain 
in regard to west Florida ; with England, im- 
pressment, spoliation claims, and commercial 
restriction were grave causes of disagreement ; 
upon France, governed by Napoleon, no de- 
pendence could with safety be placed ; and 
worst of all, the President's own country, as 
yet but little more than a confederation of 
factions represented too often by selfish or in- 
competent men, seemed utterly incapable of 
united or patriotic action. That Madison, 
after eight years of i)erplexity and repeated 
failure, was able to hand over the national 
estate perfectly solvent and unified to a degree 
hitherto unknown, is shown by Mr. Adams*s 
Histoiy to be due not so much to wise man- 

* History of the United States op America duriog 
the Administrationfl of James Madiaon. By Henry Adams. 
In five Tolnmes. New York : Charles Scribner^s Sons. 



agement by the Executive as to the evolution 
of events themselves. The most important 
foreign question was that of trade, for upon 
a happy settlement of commercial relations 
with England and France, peace with those 
countries would be assured and domestic pros- 
perity and unity would follow. Mr. Adams 
devotes nearly the whole of Volumes V. and 
VI. to this matter. 

May 1, 1810, Congress passed what is known 
as Macon's Bill No. 2, which authorized " the 
President, ' in case either Great Britain or 
France shall, before the 3d day of March next, 
so revoke or modify her edicts as that they shall 
cease to violate the neutral commerce of the 
United States,' to prohibit intercourse with 
the nation which had not revoked its edicts.'' 
This bill, says Mr. Adams, ^^ marked the last 
stage toward the admitted failure of commer- 
cial restrictions as a substitute for war." The 
Embargo and Non-intercourse bill were the two 
first measures in the series. 

When Napoleon received a copy of Macon*s 
bill, he dictated what is known as Cadore's 
letter of August 5, 1810, which declared that 
after November 1 his Berlin and Milan decrees 
would cease to have effect, provided that En- 
gland revoked her "Orders in Council," or 
the United States caused their rights to be re- 
spected by the English. " No phraseology 
could have more embarrassed Mmlison," says 
Mr. Adams ; while, as Napoleon had remarked 
to Montalivet a few days before, " it is evident 
that we commit ourselves to nothing." Ca- 
dore's letter of May 5 was Napoleon's word to 
Madison, through General Armstrong ; but on 
the same day his secret decree in France was 
to confiscate all American ships that had en- 
tered French ports between May 20, 1809, and 
May 1, 1810 ; and all ships from the United 
States entering French ports between August 
5 and November 1, 1810, were forbidden to 
discharge their cargoes without a license. 

Although he had had every reason to dis- 
trust the Emperor, Madison acted at first as 
if he believed him honest, and tried to secure 
from England the repeal of her " Orders in 
Council," on the gi'ound that Najjoleon's de- 
crees were withdrawn. England refused, on the 
ground that they were not withdrawn. After 
this refusal, Madison, as authorized by Macon's 
bill, issued a proclamation of non-intercourse 



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with England, which afterward did much to 
bring on war ; thus basing his hostility to that 
country on a false assumption that France was 
friendly to the United States. Only when it 
was too late did the President fully realize that 
he had been duped by the Emperor. 

The pitiable makeshifts and false positions 
to which Madison was forced, in consequence 
of his mistake, are shown by Mr. Adams with 
startling clearness ; and for the sake of the 
reader's belief in the honesty and statesman- 
ship of some of the men of that time one could 
wish that the historian had not so emphasized 
the mistakes of the administration. One mis- 
take after another, from the unfortunate set- 
tlement with tlie English minister, Erskine, to 
the final nipture with England sand the luke- 
warm conduct and support of the war of 1812, 
is forced upon the reader's attention. Galla- 
tin's management of the treasury, Adams's 
mission to Russia, and the brilliant naval vic- 
tories of the United States navy, which last 
were in no way due to the wisdom and fore- 
sight of the administration, are almost the only 
light shades in the dark picture. " Napoleon's 
Triumph," *' Executive Weakness," " Legisla- 
tive Impotence," " Incapacity of Government," 
" Government by Proclamation," " Discord," 
^^ Executive Embarrassments," and the like, 
form headings for some of the separate chapters. 

No doubt if the right thing had always been 
done, war with England would have been de- 
clared much before June, 1812, American fac- 
tions would have been harmonized, patriotism 
would have been aroused. Napoleon would have 
been understood and his plans thwarted, and 
the President's cabinet would have worked to- 
gether without jealousy. But it was not an 
easy thing, in face of all the difficulties that 
beset Madison and his advisers, to see the right 
thing at all times and to do it. It is right for 
a historian to describe things as they are, no 
matter how dark the picture ; but the difficul- 
ties to he overcome should also be described 
with equal clearness, and all honest effort, how- 
ever ineffectual, should be given due credit in 
a judgment of the character of men. 

In Volume VII., the darkness begins to lift 
a little. Armstrong as Secretary of War 
brings a semblance of vigor to that depart- 
ment ; Perry's victory on Lake Erie was not 
wholly a result of accident; Gallatin and 
Bayard were wisely chosen to go to St. Peters- 
burg to accept the Czar's offered mediation 
Ijetween England and the United States. Vol- 
ume VIII. also has brighter pictures, in which 



the humiliating and ridiculous events connected 
with the sack of Washington and the flight of 
the President and his Cabinet, are contrasted 
with the wisely planned and bravely won bat- 
tles of Plattsburgh and New Orleans. The 
last volume announces peace, describes wise 
legislation, and concludes with chapters on 
** Economical Results," " Religious and Politi- 
cal Thought," "Literature and Art," and 
'•American Characters." A complete index 
to all the volumes, covering one hundred and 
twenty-four pages, closes the work. 

Mr. Adams is always clear and interesting^ 
but clearness and interest are perhaps some- 
times gained at the expense of perfect truth. 
To illustrate: When Joel Barlow went, in 
September, 1811, as American minister to 
Paris, he was instructed to act upon the as- 
sumption that France had changed her system 
of commercial restriction. Says Mr. Adams : 

« Of all the caprices of politics, this was the mo6t 
improbable, — that at the moment when the Czar of 
Russia and the King of Sweden were about to risk 
their thrones and to face certain death and ruin of vast 
numbers of their people in order to protect American 
ships from the Berlin and Milan Decrees, the new min- 
ister of the United States appeared in Paris authorized 
to declare that the President considered those decrees 
to be revoked and their system no longer in force." 

Probably the author himself does not intend 
to claim that Russia and Sweden went to war 
with France simply as champions of the United 
States, but the statement above given is no- 
where sufficiently qualified. 

As an example of the author's vivid style, 
and his power to group events far apart in 
space but close together in time and in signifi- 
cance, the following will serve : 

" The Orders in Council were abandoned at West^ 
minster June 17 ; within twenty-four hours at Wash- 
ington war was declared ; and forty-eight hours later 
Napoleon, about to enter Russia, issued the first bulle- 
tin of his Grand Army." 

No author could well be more diligent than 
Mr. Adams in the examination of material, nor 
more successful than he in the arrangement of 
what he had chosen in order to present a series 
of dramatic pictures of the period under con- 
sideration ; but one may weU question whether 
or not another, having had access to the same 
sources, would have found so little of which to 
approve. 

These five volumes close Mr. Adams's '* His- 
tory.'' Taken as a whole, the work covers 
the period of Jefferson's and Madison's admin- 
istrations as no previous history has covered 
it and as no future history need cover it. 
Mr. Adams is not a Hero-worshipper and he 



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detects the faults and failures of public men 
unerringly, but he has taken a broad view of 
the whole field and has shown the relation be- 
tween cause and effect in every quarter. 

Owing to the ** undertone of detraction" 
that runs through many of his chapters and 
his dramatic style of writing, which sometimes 
expresses what his own best judgment does 
not sanction, Mr. Adams can hardly fail to be 
severely criticised by those who lean toward 
optimism and by those who demand judicial 
accuracy in expression. But when all allow- 
ances have been made, the fact remains that 
Mr. Adams has carried out a worthy plan in 
a worthy manner. 

Henry W. Thurston. 



HTUJMEs IN English Literature.* 



No more important contribution to literary 
criticisna has been made in recent years, than 
the essay of Daniel Greenleaf Thompson on 
"The Philosophy of Fiction." It is clear-cut, 
sensible (no mean praise), unprejudiced, sound. 
It treats plainly, yet justly, questions which the 
novelists or their admirers can never handle 
without showing the bias of a school. It is 
never dogmatic, yet is convincing ; never vac- 
illating, jet is just to each and every coterie of 
fiction-producers. The book contains chapters 
on " The Office of Fiction," " Interest," " The 
Scientific, Moral, and -Esthetic Value of Fic- 
tion," " Kealism and Idealism," " The Exhibi- 
tion of Power, Suffering, Love, Social Life," 
^' The Comic," etc. To these, which form the 
main body of the work, are added chapters on 
" Art, Morals, and Science," " The Construc- 
tion of a Work of Fiction," and " Criticism." 
The first chapter is summarized in the state- 
ment that fiction " contributes to satisfy our 

* Ths Philosophy of Fiction in Lite&aturb. By Daniel 
Greenleaf Thompson. Xew York : Long^manSf Green <& Co. 

The Makkbs of Modern English. A Popular Hand- 
book to the Greater Poets of the Century. By W. J. Dawson. 
New York : Thomas Whittaker. 

Sblections in English Prose, from Elizabeth to Victo- 
ria— 1580-1880. By James M. Gamett. Boston : Ginn <& Co. 

Chronological Outlines of English Literature. By 
Frederick Ryland. New York : Macmillan & Co. 

Synopsis of English and American Literature. By 
6. T. Smith. Boston : Ginn & Co. 

A Guidr to the Literature of ^Esthetics. By Charles 
Mills Gayley and Fred Newton Scott. Berkeley, Cal.: Uni- 
versity of California Library Bulletin No. 11. 

The Painciples of Style. By Fred N. Scott. Ann 
Arbor, Mich.: Register Publishing Co. 

Skrtch of the Philosophy of American Literature. 
By Qreenonsh White. Boston : Ginn & Co. 

Readiko for the Young. A Classified and Annotated 
Catalogue. By John F. I^rgent. Boston : Library Bureau. 



cravings for beauty, for truth, and for good- 
ness"; and that "the prime requisite of a 
novel is that it shall interest/' The sources 
of pleasure and pain are shown to be aesthetic, 
scientific, and moral, and each of these is dis- 
cussed in a chapter. But it is difficult to sum- 
marize so good a book. It should be read 
carefully and thoughtfully. To be sure, it will 
sometimes excite prejudice by the boldness of 
its positions ; but it will allay them by well- 
reasoned exposition. One of the most notable 
chapters is that on the great controversy of the 
Realists and the Idealists. Full credit is given 
to the realist for his exactness of observation, 
his clearness of vision, his attention to details ^ 
of art. But it is pointed out with equal force 
that the realists themselves err, when their 
method leads them to neglect the principle 
that " organic unity is the essence of realism." 
"We want the living being, not a lot of chopped 
fragments placed in contiguity." " The deep- 
est analysis, the most comprehensive synthesis, 
are alike requisite." Realism, it is suggested, 
" only endows us with a method to be used un- 
der the guidance of ideals." It is helpful so ^' 
far as it trains the observer, wholly wrong so 
far as it tends to minimize the heroic and de- 
stroy the plot-interest. Another chapter equally 
keen and forcible is that which deals with art, 
morals, and science. Here the theories of the ^' 
malodorous " naturalists " are punctured ivom 
the philosophic standpoint ; while the equally 
just criticism is made that America has a " pro- 
vincial prudery," as instanced by the exclusion 
of " Roxy" from the library of Wellesley Col- 
lege. Indeed, throughout the book there is 
much plain-speaking not to be discredited, and 
much exceedingly suggestive criticism. 

" The Makers of Modern English " is a 
badly-named book, as the title would be mis- 
leading to many readers. Modern English 
was made by those who lifted a middle English 
dialect from the obscurity of its fellows, — or, 
it might be said with some appropriateness, by 
those who first perfected the instrument thus 
formed ; but in no sense could it refer to any 
writer of the last two centuries. There ai'e 
some other points which might be criticise^l 
with equal reason. The inti'oductory chapters 
are not sufficiently explicit or accurate in trac- 
ing the beginnings of that reaction against the 
artificial poetry of Pope which is the glory of 
the last quarter of the eighteenth and the first 
quarter of the nineteenth centuries. There is 
also too little reason why a book which gives 
chapters to the poetry of Scott and Southey j 

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[Feb., 



should barely mention the much more import- 
ant Cowper. But aside from these defects, 
the book has many excellent features. It is 
made up of essays on the poetry of Burns, By- 
ron, Shelley, Keats, Scott, Coleridge, Southey, 
Wordsworth, Tennyson, Browning, with less 
extended treatment of several other later poets. 
The principal space is rightly given to Words- 
worth, Tennyson, and Browning, the first of 
whom must always remain greatest of the Rev- 
olutionary poets, while the last two are clearly 
greatest in the period after the reaction had 
fully asserted itself. The treatment of Words- 
worth will exemplify the whole work. There 
are chapters on the connection between his life 
and his poetry, on his view of Nature and Man, 
on the patriotic and political poems, on per- 
gonal characteristics, besides the chapters on 
the characteristics of his poetry. In all the 
criticism there is justness, and, what is equally 
important, an evident purpose to see the best 
from the standpoint of the poet criticised. The 
author has read with insight, and with appre- 
ciative insight as well ; so that his essays well 
.serve to introduce readers to the greatest num- 
l>er of gi'eat poets since the days of Shakes- 
peare. 

It is a favorable sign that the study of En- 
glish prose is on the increase. This is not 
because poetiy is less read or studied, but 
l>ecause of an awakening to the wealth of our 
pix)8e literature. For this study, such a book 
as Garnett's *' English Prose " will be an im- 
portant aid. It is a volume of selections of 
])rose authors from Elizabeth to Victoria, the 
list of thirty-three authors beginning with John 
Lyly and ending with Carlyle. As the book 
is designed to accompany Minto's Manual of 
Prose, no space is wasted in giving biographical 
notices or general criticism. These can be ob- 
tained from almost any text-l)ook or cyclopaedia 
of English literature ; and the bane of such 
lK)oks heretofore has been, that the selections 
were too short to be of service. Professor Gar- 
nett's book is to be commended especially for 
its care in this respect. The student has here, 
not criticism of English prose, good, bad, or 
iudiflferent, but English prose itself. This is 
easily read and studied, with some hope that 
the student will feel the gradually increasing 
])ower of our prose literature. Another com- 
mendable feature is the reprinting from original 
texts, without the unnecessary and prejudicial 
** modernizing " of spelling. 

Three books in our list are chronological ta- 
bles of English literature, two of them contain- 



ing references to American writers. Of these, 
Ryland's " Chronological Outlines" is the most 
elaborate and comprehensive, having a two-fold 
arrangement of the same matter. The first 
part gives a strict chronological order, with 
refei*ences on the same page to foreign litera- 
ture and history, as well as occasional annota- 
tions. The second part arranges authors al- 
phabetically, with the dates of publication of 
their works. The work seems to have been 
prepared with greater care than some of the 
earlier books of similar purpose, and in the 
main the latest sources have been consulted. 
Somewhat strangely, American authors are 
given under " Foreign Literature "; but this 
is rather a choice of evils, as the author j>oints 
out in the Preface. Next in importance is the 
" Chart of English Literature," prepared by 
Dr. MacLean. Its purpose is simpler than 
that of the other, since it is, as its name indi- 
cates, a chart reference only ; but it is prepared 
with care and ingenuity, to show the develop- 
ment of literature. It separates poetry and 
prose, giving valuable references to important 
critical works, to the various phases as indi- 
cated by the philosophic student of literature, 
together with dates and historical notes. The 
" Outlines" of Ryland and the Chart thus sup- 
plement each other, one presenting a bird's-eye 
view, the other furnishing a cyclopaedia. Pro- 
fessor MacLean omits American literature en- 
tirely, it should be said, — no doubt to simplify 
the outline. The last of the three tabular 
works is a '* Synopsis of English and American 
Literature," for the use of schools. It does 
not give the older literature with any complete- 
ness, and its survey of American writers takes 
as much space as that of the great body of 
English literaiy histoiy. This does not indi- 
cate great regard for proportion, and the book 
shows throughout somewhat superficial compi- 
lation. There are many other evidences of the 
schoolmaster's rather than the scholar's work ; 
but the lx)ok will doubtless be found of use to 
some who would be unable to use profitably 
the more scholarly volume. 

Two reference pamphlets are the " Guide to 
the Literature of ^Esthetics " and '^ The Prin- 
ciples of Style." The first is a library bulle- 
tin of the University of California. It is not 
comi)lete in itself, as the compilers frankly 
admit, being based on the libraries of Califor- 
nia and Michigan universities. But the work 
is done with thoroughness and the classification 
is simple, so that the pamphlet will be service- 
able for ready reference, and scholars will look 

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with interest to a continuation of the series. 
" The Principles of Style " is made up of ref- 
erences to various topics connected with Rhet- 
oric, together with suggestive notes. It aims 
to do away with the study of a single text-book, 
and substitute in its place the best available 
material from all sources. It is one of those 
books which would be admirable in the hands 
of a teacher, almost worthless without one. 

The " Philosophy of American Literature " 
is " an attempt to prove the independent and 
organic development " of our literature. This 
would seem to indicate that the philosopher 
was more anxious to demonstrate than to in- 
vestigate, and this is occasionally evident 
throughout the book. But notwithstanding, 
the author has made some interesting studies 
of the ideas and influences underlying the 
leading epochs of our literary development. 
There are three periods pointed out, — the 
colonial, the eighteenth century, including the 
years until our second war with England, and 
the period since 1812. The brochure is by no 
means exhaustive, especially for the nineteenth 
century writers, but as a sketch, and the first 
one of its kind, it deserves more than a casual 
reading or a hasty judgment. 

" Reading for the Young " is what its name 
implies, ^^ a classified and annotated catalogue, 
with an alphabetical index." It will be of great 
service to librarians, for whom it is especially 
prepared ; while it may be profitably used by 
teachers and parents. Especially to be com- 
mended are the concise explanatory notes given 
with the book references. 

Oliver Farrar Emerson. 



Odes from the Greek Dramatists.* 

The purpose to gain a larger appreciation 
for some of the choicest specimens of Greek 
literature is always praiseworthy, but especi- 
ally so when, as in the dainty volume before 
us, these specimens are some of the finest of 
the choral odes of Greek tragedy and comedy. 
For to these choral odes, in spite of difficul- 
ties of textual reading and interpretation, the 
scholar turns with unflagging interest as he 
recognises in them the highest expression of 
Greek thought and feeling, the flower of the 
spirit of Greek poetry. 

The versions given by Mr. Pollard were all 
made since the beginning of the present cen- 

* Odbs from thb Qbeek Dramatists. Traoalated into 
Lyric Metres by TCngligh Poets and Scholars. Edited by Alfred 
W. Pollard. Chicafiro : A. C. McClurg & Co. 



tury, and are done by such skilful interpreters 
as Professor Kennedy, Miss Swanwick, Ernest 
Myers, Dean Milman, A. W. Verrall, Mrs. 
Browning, Shelley, Lewis Campbell, and — not 
to mention them all — John H. Frere. Mr. 
Gladstone and Oscar Wilde are represented 
each by one specimen. The editor has made 
his selections wisely in the main, yet many will 
wonder why no room was made for a single 
specimen from Plumptre, even at the cost of 
omitting one of the five selections from Pi*o- 
fessor CampbelFs versions. 

It may well be doubted if any modem lan- 
guage can show a finer version than Dean Mil- 
man's rendering of the great choral ode at the 
beginning of the '' Agamemnon." Everyone 
will be grateful for Thomas Love Peacock's 
brilliant version of the ode from the " Hippoly- 
tus," given in the Appendix. Praed's ren- 
dering of the chorus from the '' Ajax " is re- 
markable for its poetic beauty ; and what can 
be more exquisite than Shelley's reproduction 
of verses 511-620 from the " Cyclops " of Eu- 
ripides ? 

Possibly this book may raise the question. 
Why try to read the original, when such ad- 
mirable translations into English can be so 
easily had? To this inquiry this very book 
suggests one of the answers. To appreciate a 
translation one must have some sense of the 
original, — which is only another way of saying 
that a perfect and complete translation is an 
impossibility, and that the finer essence and 
bloom that escape the most skilful translator 
are felt and apprehended only by the reader 
of the original. It is doubtless for this reason 
that the editor has put the Greek text on each 
page face to face with each translation. To 
aid the reader in seizing the aim and spirit 
of the odes, the editor has added explanatory 
notes in which he briefly indicates the relation 
of each chorus to the play in which it is found. 

Mr. Pollard has added greatly to the value 
of his work by his Introduction, in which he 
gives an interesting sketch of the history of 
English verse translations of the Greek drama 
from the sixteenth century. Prior to 1640 
there had appeared no English translation of 
any play of ^Eschylus and Sophocles. Of the 
" Phoenissse" of Euripides, there was published 
at Oxford, in 1593, an imitation under the 
name of " locasta." The first important En- 
glish versions from the Greek tragedians date 
from the beginning of the eighteenth century 
This is in striking contrast with the popularit 
of Homer, the translation of whose Epii^ b j 

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Chapman appeared between 1598 and 1616, 
and of the Greek historians, parts of whose 
works were Englished before 1650. This 
sketch is supplemented by a Bibliography of 
Translations of the Greek Dramatists into En- 
glish Verse. 

The handsome appearance of this volume, 
lK)und in vellum and printed on linen paper, 
is a pleasant reminder of the l>eautiful edition 
of Sappho by Wharton, which was published 
in similar style a few years ago. on xaXov 
(piXov dei is as true now as when Euripides 
sang it in one of the choral odes of his " Bae- 
cha;." In this sentiment the publisher must 
certainly have his share. ^ ^ t\h\ 



Recext Books of Poetky.* 

Mr. Rudyard Kipling's vei*ses are sufficiently 
amusing to while away an idle hour very accept- 
ably, and sufficiently instructive to give pause 

* Departhektal Duties, Barrack-Room Ballads, and 
other Verses. By Rudyard Kipling. New York : The United 
States Book Co. 

Ballads. By Robert Louis Stevenson. New York: Charles 
•Scribner^s Sons. 

The Lion's Cub, with other Verse. By Riohard Henry 
Stoddard. New York : Charles Soribner's Sous. 

Poems. By £mi]y Dickinson. Edited by Two of Her 
Friends, Mabel Loomis Todd and T. W. Higginson. Boston : 
Roberts Brothers. 

A Psalm of Deaths, and other Poenis. By S. Weir 
Mitchell, M.D.,LL.D.,Harv. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin <& Co. 

Short Fliohth. By Meredith Nicholson. Indianapolis : 
The Bowen-Merrill Co. 

The Inverted Torch. By Edith M. Thomas. Boston : 
Houghton, Mifflin Sc Co. 

Piero da Castiolione. By Stuart Sterne. Boston: 
Houghton, Mifflin <& Co. 

Verses alono the Wat. By Mary Elizabeth Blake. 
Btjston : Houghton, Mifflin «& Co. 

Shadows and Ideals. Poems by Francis S. Saltus. Buff- 
alo : Charles Wells Moulton. 

Il Mio Poena (Brani d^un Diario). Di Pietro Ridolfi- 
Bolognesi. Firenze : Coi Tipi dei Successori LeMonnier. 

The Bird and the Bell, and other Poems. By Chris- 
topher Pearse Cranch. Boston : Houghton, Miffliu & Co. 

Poems. By Edna Dean Proctor. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin 
&Co. 

Representative Sonnets by American Poets, with an 
EsHay on the Sonnet, Its Nature and History, including Many 
Notable Sonnets from Other Literatures. Also Biographical 
Notes, Indexes, etc. By Charles H. Crandall. Boston : 
Houghton, Mifflin &. Co. 

American Sonnets. Selected and Edited by T. W. Hig^ 
giiison and E. H. Bigelow. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 

Poetical Works of Matthew Arnold. New York : 
Macroillan & Co. 

Selections from the Poetical Works of Robert 
Browning. London : Smith, Eider & Co. 

Shakespeare's Poems. Edited, with Notes, by William 
J. Rolfe, Litt.D. New York : Harper & Brothers. 

RcBAiYAT of Omar Khayyam, the Astronomer Poet of 
Persia. Rendered into English Verse. New York : Macmil- 
lan <& Co. 



to those of US who fancy that we understand 
the Indian Empire. Considered in this latter 
aspect, they are very refreshing, for there is 
no suspicion of the doctrinaire about them; 
there is, indeed, much soom of theorists and 
all their ways. Mr. Kipling knows Indian 
officialdom from the inside, and appreciates 
the standpoint of Tommy Atkins and the na- 
tive alike. And the East is still to him a rid- 
dle, simple as it appears to the mind of the 
member of parliament who has never been 
there. 

** You'll never plumb the Oriental mind. 
And if you did it isn't worth the toil. 
Think of a sleek French priest in Canada ; 
Divide by twenty half-breeds. Multiply 
By twice the sphinx's silence. There's your East, 
And you 're as wise as ever. So am I." 

These lines are taken from a harangue sup- 
posed to be addressed by Lord Dufiferin to 
Lord Lansdowne, his vice-regal successor. It 
contains much satirical but sensible comment 
on Indian affairs, and perhaps it might be 
found more profitable than a Blue Book. But 
Mr. Kipling's main purpose is to depict, not 
to instruct. That it is a venturesome thing 
to criticise the government or its functionaries 
is very graphically illustrated by the story of 
Boanerges Blitzen : 

I ^* Never young: Civilian's prospects were so bright. 

Till an Indian paper found that he could write : 
i Never young Civilian's prospects were so dark. 

When the wretched Blitzen wrote to make his nutrk. 

** Certainly he scored it, bold and black and firm. 
In that Indian paper —made his seniors squirm, 
Quoted office scandals, wrote the tactless truth. 
Was there ever known a more misguided youth ? 

'* When the Rag he wrote for praised his plucky g^ame, 
Boanerges Blitzen felt that this was Fame : 
When the men he wrote of shook their heads and swore, 
Boanerges Blitzen only wrote the more, 

*'*' Posed as young Ithuriel, resolute and grim, 
Till he found promotion did n't come to him ; 
Till he found that reprimands weekly were his lot, 
And his many Districts curiously hot. 

** Till he found his furlough strangely hard to win, 
Boanerges Blitzen did n't care a pin : 
Then it seemed to dawn on him something wasn't right- 
Boanerges Blitzen put it down to ^ spite.' 

** Languished in a District desolate and dry ; 
Watched the Local Government yearly pass him by : 
Wondered where the hitch was ; called it most unfair. 

That was seven years ago — and he still is there." 

This illustration is from the *• Departmental 
Ditties." In the " Barrack-Room Ballads/' 
the author writes from the standpoint and uses 
the language of Tommy Atkins. Tommy is 
I not always reverent, as appears from such 
', vei*ses as *' The Song of the Wjdow ''; 

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" 'Ave yoa 'eard o' the Widow at Windsor 
With A hairy gold crown on ^er *ead ? 
She *as ships on the foam, she ^as millions at *ome, 
An* she pays ns poor bee^ars in red "; 

but he is not without worldly wisdom, as ap- 
pears from his advice to '' The Young British 
Soldier": 

'* Now, if you most marry, take oare she is old— 
A troop-sezgeant*8 widow 's the nicest, I 'm told— 
For beanty won't help if yonr vittles is cold. 
An' loye ain^t enough for a soldier." 

As for the " Other Verses " of the collection, 
they are grave and rollicking by turns ; care- 
less in construction, but abounding in spirit ; 
irresistible for the moment, but not often mem- 
orable. There are some excellent parodies, and 
a beautiful tribute to Lady Dufferin. For gen- 
eral interest the volume easily heads our list. 

The little volume of " Ballads " which Mr. 
Stevenson has put forth consists mainly of two 
versified and rhymed Polynesian narratives, 
one being of a popular and highly dramatic 
Tahitian legend, and the other '' a patchwork 
of details of manners " from the Marquesas. 
They are facile, fluent, and interesting. Three 
other short poems, including the striking bal- 
lad, " Ticonderoga,'* make up the remaining 
contents of the volume. 

The veteran poet to whom we owe " The 
Lion's Cub, and other Verses," and whose 
fine intelligent face adorns the frontispiece of 
the volume, has always shown a marked taste 
for Oriental themes and modes of feeling. The 
titular poem, which is placed at the end of the 
collection, is the old story of Sakuntala and the 
lost ring, and is one of the most successful of 
Mr. Stoddard's efforts. About half of the 
pieces in the volume are upon Pei-sian, Arstbic, 
and Indian subjects, and they reproduce the 
somewhat trifling graces of the Eastern man- 
ner in a very effective way. Faults there are, 
both of taste and of too obvious imitation — of 
the former, in the title " On Nearing the Sec- 
ond Cataract," and of the latter, in the string 
of " Rubaiyat " called '* The Potter "—but in 
the main the work is poetical and pleasing. 
The versified thoughts of Marcus Aurelius are 
as prettily done as could be. And even the 
verses which obviously suggest other writers 
have a grace of their own which is perhaps a 
sufficient raison d'etre. Witness '* The Ro- 
sary," which so clearly recalls Emerson. 

^^ I hold not one, hnt many creeds ; 
I am the fftringr, and they the beads. 
What Buddha felt, and Plato thought, 
What Jeeus and Mohammed taoght, 
I know ; not what it is to Thee, 
Thon Maker of the Rosary ! " 



The poems of Miss Emily Dickinson, col- 
lected and edited by the care of two friends, 
stand as far apart from ordinary verse as do 
the flowers of the Monotropa — by a more than 
happy thought chosen to decorate the cover — 
from ordinary woodland blossoms. Colonel 
Higginson, one of the editors, says : '' It is be- 
lieved that the thoughtful reader will find in 
these pages a quality more suggestive of the 
poetry of William Blake than of anything to 
be elsewhere found, — ^flashes of wholly original 
and profound insight into nature and life ; 
words and phrases exhibiting an extraordinary 
vividness of descriptive and imaginative power, 
yet often set in a seemingly whimsical or even 
rugged frame." The suggestion of Blake seems 
to us very evident, how evident may be judged 
from the following characteristic example of 
Miss Dickinson's work : 

** I died for beanty, but was scarce 
Adjusted in the tomb, 
When one who died for truth was lain 
In an adjoining room. 

** He questioned softly why I failed ? 

* For beauty,* I replied. 
* And I for truth — the two are one ; 
We brethren are,' he said. 

*' And so, as kinsmen met a night. 
We talked between the rooms. 
Until the moss had reached our lips. 
And covered up our names.'* 

Such verses certainly justify the quoted char- 
acterization. Their form is rugged, but, "when 
a thought takes one's breath away," as Colonel 
Higginson observes, merely formal defects do 
not shock us. We must also find space for 
the exquisite lines to " Indian Summer ": 

'* These are the days when birds come back, 
A very few, a bird or two, 
To take a backward look. 

*' These are the days when skies put on 
The old, old sophistries of June, — 
A blue and gold mistake. 

*'0h, fraud that cannot cheat the bee, 
Almost thy plausibility 
Induces my belief, 

^* Till ranks of seeds their witness bear, 
And softly through the altered air • 
Hurries a timid leaf. 

*' Oh, sacrament of summer days. 
Oh, last communion in the haze, 
Permit a child to join, 

I ^' Thy sacred emblems to partake, 

I Thy consecrated bread to break, 

' Taste thine immortal wine ! '^ 

Mr. Swinburne says, in his *' Study of 
Shakspere," that " the touch of a thought of 
Cleopatra " seems to be sufficient to make the 
greatest poets " rise instantly for awhUe>above | 

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the very highest of their native height." 
Something like this may be said, mutatis 
mutandis^ of the influence of Villon upon those 
who have in any way taken him for a theme. 
The most perfect piece of prose in the works 
of Mr. Robert Louis Stevenson is that in which 
he has pictured an imaginary episode in the 
life of the " sad bad glad mad " poet of the 
Parisian slums ; the best thing, to our mind, 
that Dr. Weir Mitchell has yet done is the 
poem called " Master Francois Villon " in his 
recently published volume of verse. Since 
Villon disappears from human sight in 1461, 
his subsequent fortunes are left to conjecture, 
and so Dr. Mitchell has imagined the story of 
his death, a year or two later, under singularly 
dramatic and pathetic circumstances. Briefly, 
the poet is hired by a certain dull-witted lord 
to write verses to his lady. Armed with these 
verses, he woos her successfully, but, the trick 
discovered, she turns from him, and the un- 
known poet becomes instead the object of her 
thoughts. In the mean timcf^the poet seeks 
her out, and indites new songs to her. Find- 
ing him under her window one moonlight night, 
the furious husband calls upon him to draw, 
and soon dispatches the obnoxious serenader. 
But before this tragic conclusion, a colloquy 
takes place' between the two swordsmen, and 
we may illustrate the poem by a few lines 
taken from the last words of the doomed singer: 

**Mark, my lord, 
How sweet to-nig-ht the lilies. Pray afford 
A moment yet to my life out of yours. Belieye 
A thing: so strange you may not, nor conceive : 
This woman, on the beauty of whose face 
I never looked, nor shall, — whose virgin grace 
I sold to you, — is mine while time endures. 
Yea, for thy malady earth has no cures ; 
A brute, a thief am I that caged this love. 
A sodden poet ! Some one from above 
Looks on us both to-night ; yon nobly-born, 
I in the sties of life. I do repent 
In that I wronged thu lady innocent. 
But if you live or I, wherever she bide 
One Francis Villon walketh at her side. 
Kiss her ! Your kiss ? It will be I who kiss.! 
Yea, every dream of love your life shall miss 
I shall be dreaming ever ! '* 

The author's treatment of his subject is very 
suggestive of Browning, as the subject itself 
is one that Browning would have delighted to 
handle. And the snatches of song placed upon 
Villon's lips are singularly faithful to the 
spirit of Villon's own verse. The other poems 
in Dr. Mitchell's volumes are refined and schol- 
arly, but they do not rise to the level of this one. 
Mr. Meredith Nicholson's " Short Flights " 
consist of lyrics and sonnets upon love, nature, 
and art, occasionally lapsing from judgment 



may be taken as a 



and good taste, but mostly graceful and of 
genuine feeling. The foUowing verses, en- 
titled " Dieu Vous Garde,' 
typical example ": 

'* May Allah in thy heart unfold 
Perpetual-blooming roses ; 
May His sweet peace to thee increase 
Until the evening doses. 

'* And may tall palms before thee rise, 
Hot sand to gardens turning ; 
May dates and wine be always thine, 
Amid the desert's burning. 

" Let enemieB be put to flight 
Before thy spear uplifted ; 
And may thy way be as a day 
From starry vistas drifted. 

*' Oh, Allah watches through the night, 
His trustful children viewing ; 
His love is deep, but he will keep 
Renewing and renewing. '^ 

No ineffectual prose can quite touch the 
grief or reproduce the feeling of an elegiac 
volume like " The Inverted Torch." In this 
poem, or series of poems, to the memory of one 
departed. Miss Thomas has attained a height 
beyond that of her earlier work. In a deep 
and all-pervading sorrow she has found the in- 
spiration of this many-measured requiem, this 
work so suggestive of that " In Memoriam " 
which is the unapproachable masterpiece of the 
kind. Like its great prototype, this chain of 
elegiac verse is an intensely subjective utter- 
ance, and its parts, seemingly disconnected, are 
linked together by the logic of emotion. Or 
it may be likened to a symphony, the four 
groups under which the poems are arranged 
being the movements. A little harshness of 
style, due to over-concentration of thought, and 
an occasional daring license of vocabulary, are 
the flaws (we can hardly say the faults) of this 
remarkable volume. Here are some exquisite 
stanzas, made doubly interesting by their sin 
gular form : 

*^ Time takes no toll of thee. 
Age spares the soul of thee. 
They vex thee no more, ' 
Besi^ring thy door ; 
Nor without nor within 
Shall they vantage win. 

" The long years are fled from thee, 
The winters are shed from thee. 
As the snows retire 
For Springes hidden fire, 
And the gray of the fields 
To the young green yields. 



' The long years descend on me. 
The winters bend on me 
Their gathering might, 
As when dwindles the light 
And the gray of the fields 
To the white drift yields.' 



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And here, first of all, in the group included 
under the immortal Horatian phrase coelum con 
animum mutant^ is the following perfect poem : 

^^ If still tbey liye, whom toach nor sight 
Nor any subdest sense can proTe, 
Though dwelling past our day and night, 
At farthest starts remove, — 

** Oh, not beoause these skies they change 
For upper deeps of sky unknown, 
Shall that which made them ours grow sfcrange, 
For spirit holds its own ; 

*' Whether it pace this earth around, 
Or cross, with printless, buoyant feet, 
The unreverberant Profound 

That hath no name nor mete ! ^* 

Such verse as this is sure to live and be treas- 
ured as long as there are men and women to 
whom poetry means more than prose, and in 
whom the sense of awe and mystery is not 
wholly extinguished by the narrower sort of 
positivism. 

Stuart Sterne's new volume is a nan*ative 
poem of passion and renunciation, a story of 
sense at war with soul, a story of Florence, 
having the great figure of Savonarola in the 
background. " Piero da Castiglione " is the 
title, and it is written in blank verse. The 
two ecstasies — of love and of religious ardor — 
find in this poem a not wholly inadequate ex- 
pression, although the verse seldom rises above 
the plane of such smooth and careful work- 
manship as is within the power of any writer 
of keen sensibilities and a moderate amount of 
practical familiarity with verse-making. 

Miss Blake's " Verses along the Way " are 
inspired, in about equal proportions, by nature 
and himianity. The author's specific avowal 
of her Irish blood is made unnecessary by the 
frequency with which Irish themes engage her 
pen. Such a couplet alone as 

" Sure if I never had heard 
What land had given me birth " 

offers ample evidence of that fact. But we 
have, in addition, verses " For the Two Him- 
dred and Fiftieth Annivei*8ary of the Charita- 
ble Irish Society " — not a very poetic title — 
and poems addressed to Justin McCarthy and 
the memory of John Boyle O'Reilly, In the 
latter piece, the oflfense for which Mr. O'ReiUy 
was sentenced to death by the government of 
his native country is somewhat euphemistically 
described as " strife against the tyrant." Trea- 
son is the name commonly given to it, we be- 
lieve. Many of the pieces in this volume are 
occasional, and few are in any degree impres- 
sive. Their vocabulary is that of common- 
place magazine verse, and unpoetical words 



and phrases are of frequent occurrence. The 
chaplet of translations of Mexican Spanish 
verse, at the close of the volume, is the most 
graceful feature of the collection. These bits 
of poetry are very pretty in their English dress, 
and make us wish for more from the same hand. 
The '* Shadows and Ideals " of Mr. Francis 
S. Saltus fill a volume of no less than 366 
pages. Mr. Saltus has travelled much, and 
has put many exotic impressions into verse. 
He has, moreover, been impressed by various 
historical scenes and characters, and has writ- 
ten poems about them. And, not content with 
all this, he has revelled in a great variety of 
moods, and has unsparingly set them to meas^ 
ure and rhyme. Nothing, in fact, seems to be 
unacceptable to his most persevering and in- 
dustrious muse. As might be expected, the 
greater part of this volume of work is of com- 
paratively little value. Its emotion is abstract, 
its diction rough and unpoetical. ^^ Great gangs 
of tramps and ruffians unclean," for example, 
is hardly the language of poetry ; and the poem, 
"An Episode of Waterloo," admitted to be 
composed in " free meter," is far from being 
the only one that might be described in the 
same terms. Then Mr. Saltus allows himself 
to make use of strange and unnatural words : 
he speaks of minds that " avidly rehearse " 
things, and discourses of " svelt Greek colon- 
nades." But the reader who gropes through 
his pages will not be wholly unrewarded. He 
will come now and then upon some strong sim- 
ple thing, like the sonnet on the Lisbon earth- 
quake, or the stanzas upon Alsatia and Gibral- 
tar. The latter poem opens thus : 

" A giant captive, I command 
The entrance to Hispania's strand ; 
A foreign flag above me floats, 
My flanks are girt by foreign boats, 
Inviolate I may remain, 
But all my spirit is with Spain/ ^ 

And further on occurs this stanza : 

" I, too, recall when Qnzman came 
In silk and steel, in smoke and flame ; 
The flag of Christ on high he waved ; 
My walls with Moorish blood he laved ; 
No danger could his hand restrain ; 
And all my soul was proud of Spain." 

This is direct, concrete, and effective. In fact, 
our author is at his best when he most belies 
the title of his collection. When shadowy and 
ideal, he is generally unsatisfactory ; but when 
real and substantial, he is often impressive. A 
curious feature of the volume is provided by a 
group of poems written in French, Italian, and 
Spanish. We are almost tempted to^^ay that | 

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Mr. Saltus writes better poetry in these lan- 
guages than he does in English. The French 
verses to the immortal ^^ Mousquetaires " of 
Dumas and the Italian sonnet inscribed to 
Longfellow are remarkable tours de force. We 
may dispute the praise embodied, but we can- 
not dispute the technical merit of such verses 
as these from the sonnet mentioned : 

" £ dellA bella Italia tn sei degno, 

Che a te lascio Petraroa rarmonioso 
Plettro d'amor ; Boccaccio il suo sorriso ; 
Ma di Dante il snblhne e forte ingegno 
Reae il tao sinrito grande e vigoroso, 
Ne mai il tuo nome fia dal suo diyiso.'' 

The volume containing all these poems is sumpt- 
uously printed, and adorned with a portrait of 
the author, who is represented with his hat on, 
tipped jauntily to one side. 

Signer Pietro Ridolfo-Bolognesi appears to 
be a young man of a melancholy temperament. 
He has lately given to the world an abstract 
of his thoughts and feeling in a volume en- 
titled "II Mio Poema" (Firenze: LeMonnier), 
and further described as ** Brani d'un Diario." 
The poem is in blank verse, and is divided into 
forty and more cantos, each having a title and 
being devoted to a specific subject, or, more 
properly, a mood. The author's moods appear 
to be mostly despondent. In the first canto, 
we read of 

'* La scienza dell ^illiuo viyer noetro," 

and in the fourth, we have an invocation to 
Death, that " buon fantasimo generopo." In 
the canto called " La Morte," the author seeks 
a cemetery, and gives full vent to his funereal 
musings : 

** lo passeggiaya solo in cimitero 
£ a ricordanze tristi per la mente 
Mesti pensier yolgea ; pensava ai tempi 
Scorsi s^^^nandof come fur deluso 
Le mie speranze e come entrommi allora 
H gelo della foesa in core : e andando 
In cerca d'una tomba cara, al mondo 
Mi credea il pih infelice e sospiraya.'' 

And SO on through the whole gloomy canto. 
The author has tried hard to be a second Leo- 
pardi, but his success in the attempt is very 
imperfect. His melancholy is a little too the- 
atrical to be convincing. 

Among our minor American poets, Mr. 
Christopher Pearse Cranch occupies a respect- 
able although not a high position. ^^ The Bird 
and the Bell, and other Poems," a volume first 
published in 1875, is now reprinted from the 
old plates, and thus given a fresh lease of life. 
These pieces are noteworthy for their geneix)us 
enthusiasm and reflective finish, rather than 
for any marked qualities of poetic feeling or 



spontaneous lyric impulse. The titular poem 
is a rather narrow and denunciatory character- 
ization of the Roman Catholic organization. 
The remaining pieces are upon a great variety 
of themes, and exhibit a cultured mind and a 
warm heart, a wide range of interests, and a 
sympathy with many moods and aspects of life 
and thought. 

The " Poems " of Miss Edna Dean Proctor 
are both old and new. Some of them, such as 
" The Grave of Lincoln," are so familiar as to 
be household words; and others are equally 
deserving of popularity. The group of poems 
upon Russian subjects is particularly fresh and 
pleasing. In her patriotic poems and her verses 
descriptive of American scenery. Miss Proctor's 
song is as sweet and as true as Mr. Whittier's. 
Nor should her ^irited ballad treatment of 
historical episodes be passed by without a wonl 
of praise. Her measures are facile and flowing, 
with a marked anapaBstic tendency, although 
such poems as " The Virginia Scaffold" and ♦•^A 
Prayer " show us that she can handle graver 
forms with equal mastery. And she has even 
succeeded in viewing the Brooklyn bridge in a 
poetical light. 

The two collections of American sonnets pre- 
pared, respectively, by Mr. Charles H. Crandall, 
and by the collaboration of Colonel Thomas 
Wentworth Higginson with Mrs. E. H. Bige- 
low, make a gratifying showing in this depart- 
ment of poetical activitity. The latter volume 
gives us 250 examples from 163 writers ; the 
former is still more comprehensive, and offers 
no less than 445 examples, representing 222 
writers. And the average of all this work 
is surprisingly good. A great many sonnets 
are, of course, included in both volumes, and 
among these we note the beautiful one entitled 
"With a Copy of Shelley," by Miss .Har- 
riet Monroe. In Mr. Crandall's collection we 
also find the exquisite sonnet, "The Snow," 
by Miss Fearing, of whom a note says that she 
is " one of the Western army of poets whose 
voices reach Eastward." Colonel Higginson \s 
beautiful " Since Cleopatra Die<l " is still de- 
faced by the amazing misquotation that acc*i«n- 
panied it when first published, and to which 
we then called attention. Both volumes have 
indexes of authors, titles, and fia^t lines, and 
both have biographical notes upon the writers 
represented. These notes are much fuller in 
Mr. CrandalFs volume than in the other. Mr. 
CrandalFs volume has also a special feature in 
its critical essay upon the sonnet. This essay, 
which fills nearly a hundred pages, is a very 

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317 



readable aeoount of the history of the sonnet 
form, and is illustrated by no less than sixty- 
one sonnets by thirty-nine foreign writers, in- 
cluding not only the great English mastei's of 
the form from Spenser to Tennyson, but also 
specimens from the Italian sonneteers, from 
Camoens, Lope de Vega, Ronsard, and Goethe. 
The work is thus a singularly complete and 
well-arranged production. It remains to be 
added that a score of the American sonnets 
included are here published for the first time. 

An edition, complete in one thick volume, 
of *' The Poetical Works of Matthew Arnold," 
and similar in form to the one-volume editions 
of Tennyson and Wordsworth, is as welcome a 
book as any that has recently appeared. First 
of all, it is provided with an engraved portrait, 
adequate beyond any other that we have seen 
in reproducing the essential characteristics of 
the kindly noble face that was so true an index 
of the soul within. Then, the collection is a 
complete one, including the whole of the " Me- 
rope," and the " Westminster Abbey " ode in- 
scribed to the memory of Dean Stanley. This 
latter poem, which will be new to most read- 
ers, deserves to rank with the noblest exam- 
ples of Arnold's verse, and makes still more 
poignant the pathos of the saying reported of 
the author not 'long before his untimely death, 
the expression of a hope that he might find lei- 
sure to turn once more to poetry in his later 
years, and i>ut away the work of political and 
theological criticism. We think of the saying, 
and the mind involuntarily recurs to Milton, and 
recalls how he too at last found leisure to put 
aside the task of controversy, and wrote for us 
a **Paradise Lost" and a "Paradise Regained." 
We quote from the "Westminster Abbey" ode 
the two stanzas that will best bear severance 
from their context. 

** But hush ! This moumful strain, 
Which would of death comphun, 
The oracle forbade, not ill-inspired. — 

That Pair, whose head did plan, whose hands did foi^, 
The Temple in the pure Parnassian gorge, 
Finished their work, and then a meed required. 

'Seven days,^ the God replied, 
*" JAve happy, then expect your perfect meed ! * 
Quiet in sleep, the seventh night, they died. 
Death, death was judged the boon supreme indeed. 

" And truly he who here 
Hath run his bright career, 
And served men nobly, and acceptance found, 
And borne to light and right his witness high, 
What could he better wish than then to die. 
And wait the issue, sleeping underground ? 

Why should he pray to rang^e 
Down the long age of truth that ripens slow ; 

And break his heart with all the baffling change. 
And all the tedious tossing to and fro ? *^ 



Seven years ago last month we referred in 
these columns to the poetical work of Mr. 
Arnold as one of the ^' priceless possessions *' 
of our race. The intervening i>eriod has only 
served to deepen our sense of the justice of 
this description, and to make us feel even 
more fully that no other poet of the age has 
expressed with moi-e perfect truth or greater 
beauty of form the thoughts and the feelings 
that lie deepest in the souls of thoughtful 
men. 

It is fortunate that the latest edition of Mr. 
Arnold's poems should be complete in a single 
volume. It is equally fortunate that the latest 
edition of Mr. Browning's poems should be a 
limited selection. Not, indeed, that we would 
deny the right of any of Mr. Browning's poems 
to exist, but we cannot feel concerning them, 
as we can feel towards Mr. Arnold's poems, 
that there are none among them too bright and 
good for human nature's daily food. So we 
welcome the Browning volume for what it omits 
as well as for what it comprises, and are glad 
to have offered us, arranged in chronological 
order, and in a volume of pocketable size, these 
poems upon which Mr. Browning's real claims 
to immoii;ality must be based. 

Mr. Rolfe's new edition of " Shakes{)eare's 
Poems '* comprises in a single volume all the 
matter of the two volumes devoted to the poems 
in the editor's complete edition of Shakespeare, 
and several pages of added annotation. The 
original notes have also been revised. In this 
work, the 1599 edition of '"Venus and Adonis" 
has been for the first time collated, although it 
was discovered over twenty years ago. Mr. 
Bolfe has thus produced a very convenient vol- 
ume, and an edition probably better suited than 
any other to the wants of the general Shakes- 
pearian student. 

We do not well see how there can be too 
many editions of FitzGerald's '* Omar Khay- 
yam," and even in a less attractive garb than 
that now assumed by the *'Rubaiyat" they 
would be welcome enough. It would be diffi- 
cult, in a mere description, to do adequate jus- 
tice to the vellum covers, the beautiful paper, 
and the noble tj'])ography of this latest edition 
of the astronomer-poet of Persia. The con- 
tents include a full reprint of the fourth edi- 
tion, with introduction and notes, a reprint 
of the text of the first edition, and a synopsis 
of the variations between the second, third, 
and fourth editions. 

William Morton P^yne. 

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Briefs ox Xeav Books. 



A BEADABLE and informing collection of crit- 
ical comment and reminiscence is '' The Autobiog- 
raphy of Anton Rubinstein," translated from the 
Russian by Aline Delano, (Little, Brown, & Co.), 
though rather fragmentary and meagre when re- 
garded as a "Life." Rubinstein's first lessons 
were given him, when between five and six years 
old, by his mother, who afterwards placed him un- 
der the care of Villoing, at that time the best 
music-teacher in Moscow. The mode of teaching 
in those days was very stern, and "ferrules, punches, 
and even slaps in the face, were of frequent oc- 
currence ; " but notwithstanding Villoing's heroic 
methods, Rubinstein speaks of him in the kindliest 
way, and says of him, " In all my life I have never 
met a better teacher." When in his tenth year, 
Rubinstein gave his first public concert in Moscow, 
and during the three following years travelled with 
Villoing over Europe, returning, in 1843, to St. 
Petersburg, where, he relates, " after a benefit con- 
cert I was, at the desire of the Empress Alexandra, 
placed on a table and caressed by Her Majesty." 
In 1846 he started for Vienna ; and " from that 
time," he says, " my individual career may be 
dated — a career in which joy and sorrow, abund- 
ance and penury, aye, even to hunger, followed 
one another." In Vienna he gave lessons " mostly 
at cheap rates" — so cheap, indeed, that he became 
reduced to the most painful straits. Upon arriv- 
ing in Vienna he had called upon Liszt (whom he 
had known and imitated in Ids childhood), but his 
hopes were dashed by the coldness of his reception, 
Liszt bidding him remember that " a talented man 
must win the goal of his ambition by liis own un- 
assisted efforts." Liszt, after some time, called 
upon him, and was compassionately shocked at the 
condition of the young musician's quarters. " He 
showed much tact and delicacy, and in the most 
friendly manneir asked me to dine with him on the 
same day, — ^a most welcome invitation, since the 
pangs of hunger had been gnawing me for several 
days." Although Rubinstein lived subsequently on 
good terms with the Abb^, there is, perhaps, a 
tinge of resentment in some of his allusions to him — 
though the judgments may be just enough. For 
instance, he remarks that, during the later years of 
Liszt's career, "the impression he produced was 
due rather to his clerical title, his long silvery hair, 
and his advanced age " ; and says, " I know his 
faults (a certain pomposity of manner for one 
thing), but always esteemed him as a great per- 
former, — a performer-virtuoso, indeed, but no com- 
poser. I shall doubtless be devoured piecemeal for 
giving such an opinion." In 1848 Rubinstein was 
in Berlin, still leading the life of a Bohemian art- 
ist — " feasting when money was plenty, and going 
hungry when it was gone." In 1849 he returned 
to St. Petersburg, and, having forgotten his pass- 
port, was treated to a rough experience of the 
autocratic methods of tlie fatherland. He sup- 



ported himself in St Petersburg, as he had in Ber- 
lin, by giving lessons, and during this period was 
often brought into contact with the members of the 
Imperial family — of whom he relates a series of 
characteristic anecdotes. Lack of space forbids us 
tracing further the career of this great Russian 
composer, but we must not omit to note that he 
declares that " the proceeds of my tour in America 
laid the foundation of my prosperity." Rubinstein 
speaks somewhat regretfully of the Grermany of 
the ante-Imperial times. " Grermany," he says, 
" with its numerous petty sovereignties, was then a 
sort of Eldorado for the arts and sciences. . . . 
Each court vied with the other in protecting science 
and the fine arts. . . . The universal standard 
of intelligence and intellectual development in gen- 
eral was carried to a much higher pitch in divided 
Germany than in these later times, now that it is 
compressed as by an iron ring into a single great 
kingdom." The volume is handsomely printed, 
and contains an excellent portrait of the composer ; 
and the translating and editing are commendable. 

A SECOND edition has been issued of Arthur 
BoUes Lee's important contribution to microtomy, 
" The Microtomist*s Vade-Mecum : A Handbook 
of the Methods of Microscopic Anatomy " (Blakis- 
ton). "In its primary intention this work appeals 
rather to the instructed anatomist than to the be- 
ginner " ; but that it may not be entirely beyond 
the reach of beginners, a general introduction is 
given and most of the chapters are^ opened with in- 
troductory remarks. In this edition the author no 
longer attempts to give all the methods in use with 
microtomists as he did in his first edition five years 
ago, for such a work "would form not a book 
but a library, in which the really useful matter 
would remain smothered in a sea of details of 
doubtful utility." This sentence sufficiently illus- 
trates the multiplication of methods which has 
taken place within the past five years. The plan 
of the work is outlined in the first paragraph. " The 
methods of modern microscopic anatomy may be 
roughly classed as General and Special. There is 
a general or normal method, known as the method 
of sections, which consists in carefully ^^a?tn^ the 
structures to be examined, staining them with a 
niuslear stain, dehydrating witli alcohol, and mount- 
ing series of sections of the structures in balsam. It 
is by this method that the work is blocked out and 
very often finished. Special points are then stud- 
ied, if necessary, by special methods." Part I. 
treats of the Greneral Method, and takes up Killing, 
Fixing, Hardening, Staining, Imbedding, Seruil 
Section, Mounting, etc. Part II. treats of Special 
Methods — Embryological, Cytological, etc. Part 
I. is evidently the better portion of the book. In 
Part II., while a sufficient number of methods and 
references are given to lead the student to other 
information, the author evidently has not always 
succeeded in giving the best methods. Nor is it 
surprising that he should not haye->been ablt to 
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1891.] 



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Bummame the best and latest methods in a world 
in which each specialist must of a necessity work 
out his own salvation. The book closes with a list 
of 116 reagents. '^ The list is intended for a mem- 
orandum of the reagents required for ordinary 
zoological work, and is given in the belief that it 
may be useful as a reminder to those whose duty it 
is to furnish tables for students in public labora- 
tories." Instruments are not discussed ; and the 
necessity of microtomes to the embryol(^8t and 
anatomist has become so self-evident that he adds 
but a word on this subject, since it may be " very 
helpful to the student." From the list of these 
is omitted the improved Minot microtome, which 
seems a very serious omission, since it is the most 
useful for serial paraffine sections. 

A TRANSLATION, by Mrs. M. Gary, of Baron 
Hochschild's memoir of " D^sirde, Queen of Sweden 
and Norway," is issued by Dodd, Mead & Co. in an 
attractive little volume, bound in dark blue cloth 
with back and part sides of white vellum. While 
the personality of Queen D^sir^e was not a striking 
one — her greatness was thrust upon her during the 
rapid re-shuffling of European court cards in Napo- 
leonic times — ^her story is of interest, partly as a 
rare example of the caprice of fortune, partly from 
its intimate connection with leading personages 
of the period. Bernardine-Eugenie-D^ir^e Clary 
(1781-1860) was the daughter of a Marseilles silk 
merchant. When in her fifteenth year she was be- 
trothed to Joseph Bonaparte, and afterward to his 
brother Napoleon. The latter engagement also 
came to naught after Napoleon had met and become 
infatuated with Josephine; and it may be worth 
while to quote Queen D^sir^e's characterization of 
her rival, given sixty years later : " For a man of 
genius like Napoleon to allow himself to be over- 
come by an old coquette of notoriously doubtful 
reputation, he must have had no knowledge of wo- 
men. Even after her second marriage Josephine 
caused herself to be talked about, and it was not 
without good reasons that her husband required her 
to come and join him during the campaign in Italy, 
and on his return from Egypt was willing to di- 
vorce her." In 1798 D^ir^ married General Ber- 
nardotte, then French Minister of War — the inflex- 
ible soldier of whom Napoleon said : " This devil 
of a man is almost incapable of being bribed, he is 
disinterested, he has intelligence." The star of the 
daughter of the Marseilles merchant culminated 
upon the election of her husband to the throne of 
Sweden ; and her subsequent and rather uneventful 
career is narrated by the writer of the present vol- 
ume, who was attached to her court as chamberlain. 

The first English version of the " Love Letters 
of a Portuguese Nun" (Cassell), with an Intro- 
duction by Josephine Lazarus, and a Preface by 
Alexander Piedagnel, is issued in a pretty volume 
bound in white vellum-cloth. While these "Letters" 
do not strike us as remarkable eitlier for force or 



literary quality, their theme is perennially attract- 
ive, and their pathos and frankness have won for 
them considerable popularity in France, where they 
have passed through twenty editions. The story 
embodied in the little book (Preface, Introduction, 
and Letters make up only 148 tiny pages) is a brief 
and, unhappily, not an unfamiliar one in its essen- 
tials. In 1663 it became the policy of Louis XIV. 
to^help Portugal against Spain; and in the little 
army of French volunteers commanded by Schom- 
berg, which took the field against the Spaniards, 
was a young French captain. Nod Bouton de Cha- 
milly. Count of St. Leger. At the same time the 
convent of Beja, a town between Andalusia and 
Estremadura, sheltered a Franciscan nun, young, 
beautiful, and well-born, Marianna Alcaforado by 
name, who, upon the occasion of some review or 
triumphal entry of the Franco-Portuguese troops 
into Beja, saw the be-laced and be-plumed young 
officer — a fascinating phenomenon, no doubt, to 
conventual eyes wearied with spiritual contempla- 
tion — from the balcony of her convent, and at once 
fell in love with him despite her vows as to the 
world, the flesh, and the devil. The sentiment was 
reciprocated — after a fashion. The convent disci- 
pline of the period must have been strangely re- 
laxed, for De Chamilly readily obtained access to 
the stricken Vestal, whom he laid siege to, betrayed, 
and deserted after the time-honored usage of his 
kind. This poor victory seems to have been about 
the only one of the Portuguese campaign ; and, to 
his shame be it said, the victor was not above boast- 
ing of it after his return to Paris. The five letters 
in the present volume tell, impliedly, the story of 
his perfidy, and bear witness to the love, high-mind- 
edness, and natural purity of heart of the hapless 
Nun of Beja. 

Readers of The Dial have already been in- 
formed as to the general style and scope of Imbert 
de Sainte-Amand's deservedly popular " Famous 
Women of the French Court" series (Scribner). 
In the two newly-issued volumes — '* The Court of 
the Empress Josephine " and ^* Marie Louise and 
the Decadence of the Empire " — the author con- 
tinues his series of brilliant sketches of the pictur- 
esque Napoleonic times, drawing freely from con- 
temporary authorities and documents, and seldom 
allowing his tenderness for the old rSffime to be- 
cloud his estimate of the glories of the new. The 
first-named volume narrates the career of Josephine 
from 1804 to the close of 1807, embracing an ac- 
count of the coronation preliminaries and festivi- 
ties, the etiquette, amusements, domestic economy 
and domestic skeletons of the Imperial household, 
the Italian journey, and the coronation at Milan, 
the Austerlitz campaign, and the Court at Fontain- 
bleau. Necessarily, the rather vapid Josephine is 
overshadowed by her boundlessly-aspiring spouse, ■ 
whom M. Sainte-Amand shows an old-fashioned 
tendency to regard as a being of almost superhu- 
man powers, as the impelling force that ci|used the 

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320 



THE DIAL 



[Feb., 



French nation to burst its boundaries and overwhelm 
Europe, rather than as the ambitious soldier who 
adroitly sustained himself on the crest of a natural 
and inevitable wave of French aggression and con- 
quest. The second volume, '^ Marie Louise and the 
Decadence of the Empire," opening with the re- 
turn, in 1812, of Marie Louise to 8t. Cloud after 
the triumphal journey to Prague, sketches briefly 
and vividly the dramatic episodes of the retreat 
from Moscow, the subsequent diplomatic intrigue 
and manoeuvre, and the resumption of hostilities, 
and closes with the Empress's final farewell to Na- 
poleon in 1814. These entertaining books are hand- 
somely printed on good paper, and their abundant 
citation of correspondence and authorities not gen- 
erally accessible renders them an acceptable addi- 
tion to the annals of the period. M. Sainte-Amand 
is fortunate to fall into the hands of so good a trans- 
lator as Mr. Thomas Sergeant Perry. 

The '^ Carisbrooke Library " (Routledge), whose 
first volume wa6 devoted to the early writings of 
Jonathan Swift, returns in its eleventh volume to 
the same writer. In this we have '< Gulliver's 
Travels" exactly reprinted from the first edition ; 
the famous satire called "An Account of Uie Court 
and Empire of Japan " ; the essays "On the Fates 
of Clergymen," "On Modern Education," "On 
Conversation," " On the Death of Stella " ; and an 
appendix containing an account of Cyrano de 
fiergerac and his " Voyages to the Sun and Moon," 
to which Swift was undoubtedly indebted for 
somewhat of suggestion in developing his "Gul- 
liver." Swift was the most original genius of the 
reign of Queen Anne — a reign in which English 
prose shows its most perfect and beautiful balance 
of [strength, elegance, and elasticity. Therefore 
we never tire of hearing about this wonderful man, 
so great and yet so petty, so picturesque and yet so 
repulsive, and of reading new interpretations of the 
motives and incidents of his unhappy life. Mr. 
Morley's Introduction gives us a somewhat more 
favorable view than the customary one. He even 
justifies himself in retaining the " unseemly " pas- 
sages, by claiming that " not one of these offends 
against good morals," and that " Swift liked to 
defy convention where it clouded the distinction 
between right and wrong, but in * Gulliver ' it is 
defied always to good purpose." 

The Brooklyn Ethical Association's volume on 
" Sociology " (James H. West) is a series of pa- 
pers largely written by the same pens that last 
year produced the society's volume on " Evolution." 
The average quality, however, is higher than that 
of the previous volume ; the subjects, also, are of 
more immediate practical interest. The aim of the 
work is the promotion of scientific thought and wise 
action on the pressing problems of social life — Na- 
tionalism, the Single-Tax, Socialism, Anarchism, 
Free-Trade, Protection, Prohibition, etc. It seeks 
this end not by adding new prescriptions when we 



already have more than enough, but by assuming 
that the method of Nature in society is identical 
with its method in the development of suns and 
planetary systems, of vegetal and animal life, and 
of the body and mind of individual man. There- 
fore, Sociology must be studied as a manifestation 
of Evolution — ^its highest and most complex mani- 
festation, it is true, but none the less governed by 
principles inherent in itself and not by conditions 
mechanically imposed from without. Some of the 
ablest and most valuable papers, to our mind, are 
those on " Evolution of Arms and Armor," " Evo- 
lution of the Mechanic Arts," " Evolution of the 
Wages System," and the altogether delightful bio- 
graphical sketch of Professor Edward L. Youmans, 
from the pen of John Fiske, with which the vol- 
ume closes. 

No WRITER that we know of has written more 
charmingly and truthfully of nature outof-doors 
than Richard Jefferies, and we are glad to note 
the appearance of a new illustrated edition of his 
" Gamekeeper at Home" (Roberts). The Game- 
keeper, the central figure of the book, is drawn 
from a particular keeper personally known to Jef- 
feries and selected as typical of his class, and forms 
the nucleus about which the author has gprouped his 
materials — descriptions of the denizens of meadow, 
brake, and warren, the manner of preserving them, 
and the ways and wiles of their poaching enemies, 
human and brute. The book teems with rural lore 
and lively anecdote, and will afford the American 
reader a good idea of an important phase of the 
economy and management of a great English estate. 
But it will not, we fear, give him a very exalted 
idea of the British sportsman, whose notion of 
" sport " seems to be to have the " game " (hand- 
reared birds almost as tame as American poultry) 
driven up to his aristocratic gun — which he is too 
lazy to load himself — ^to be slaughtered by the cart- 
load. The illustrations, by Charles Whymper, de- 
serve special mention. 



Students of English literature have long needed 
just such an edition of Sir Philip Sidney's " De- 
fence of Poesy" (Ginn) aa Professor Albert S. 
Cook has now given them. Heretofore, the only 
form in which this earliest of critical writings ha^ 
been obtainable as a separate publication has been 
through Arber's reprint of the original edition 
(1595). This, of course, retained all the old spell- 
ing, punctuation, and antique forms of letters, 
which, however desirable for antiquarian purposes, 
were a serious drawback to pleasureable reading. 
Professor Cook has proceeded on the principle that 
what has proved to be not for an age but for all 
ages should be spelled with the spelling of this age ; 
that the commas and colons scattered at random by 
the Elizabethan compositors are not entitled to 
special reverence from the modern editor. Accord- 
ingly, he has given us a comely page, freed from 
puzzles, with numbered lines for^ady reference 

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to the notes which follow the text and which are a 
marvel of exhaastiyeness. In an Introduction of 
thirty pages is gathered not only a large amount of 
valuable data relating to Sidney's life, the composi- 
tion and publication of the <' Defence," his learn- 
ing, etc., but also a minute and scholarly criticism 
of Sidney's theory of poetry, and a comparison of 
it with the theories of writers earlier and later. In- 
deed, it would be hard to suggest any improvement 
on the work, and we are glad to note that Shelley's 
^* Defence of Poetry " is soon to be reproduced under 
the same editorial supervision. 

To a certain order of minds, there is a charm in 
running counter to established opinions. Only 
thus can it be accounted for that thirty-five years 
ago Bacon began to be credited with having written 
Shakespeare's plays, and that at intervals the claim 
is still renewed, although everything possible on 
both sides has been said over and over again. Un- 
less in the extremely unlikely event of new evidence 
on the one side or the other, we might certainly 
well spare any further words on the subject. The 
two pamphlets before us — '< Bacon ifs. Shakespeare ; 
Brief for Plaintiff' (Rand, McNally <& Co.), by 
Edwin Reed, and the anonymous answer there- 
to, '* Baconian Facts " (Lee & Shepard) — have no 
such reason for being ; nor even do they tempt us 
to the ungracious task of breaking a butterfly on a 
wheel. 

Mb. George H. Ell w anger, from whom last 
year we had "The Garden's Story," now tells 
"The Story of My House " (Appleton). Though 
the later work is a shade less dainty and captiva- 
ting than the earlier, and though it is plain that 
the author is happier when talking of flowers than 
of furniture, of roses blooming in the garden than 
of the fine coloring of walls and rugs, there is no 
decline in the literary grace and tact which per- 
vades both works like a delicate perfume, and which 
wins us to read on and on, whether or not we are 
specially interested in the themes themselves. Some 
very delightful book-talk occurs in the chapters 
"^ Magicians of the Shelves " and " The Pageant of 
the Immortals." 



Books of the Moxth. 



[The following list includes all books received by Thb Dial 
during the month qf January^ 1891.] 

HISTORY. 

History of the United States of America durine the 
Seoond AdminiBtration of James Madison. By Heniy 
Adams. In 3 vols. (Vols. VII., VIII.. and IX. of the 
series). 12mo. Charles Scribner^s Sons. $6.00. 

An ArtlBf a Story of the Qreat War. Told, and Illus- 
trated with nearly 300 Relief-etchings after Sketches in 
the Field and 20 half-tone Equestrian-Portraits, by Edwin 
Forbes, author of " life Studies of the Great Army." 
In 4 Parts. Part I., laifre 4to. Fords, Howard & Hul- 
bert. $3.00. 

The Scotch-Irish in America: Proceedings and Addresses 
of the 2d Congress at Pittsburgh, May 29, 1890. With 
irontispieoe. 8to, pp. 305. Robert Chu-ke & Co. $1.50. 



From Ctolony to Common weallOi: Stories of the Reyolu- 
tionary Days in Boston. By Nina Moore Tiffany. 16mo, 
pp. 180. Ginn & Co. 70 cents. 

BIOGRAPHY. 

Dictionary of National Bioflrraphy. Edited by Leslie 

Stephen and Sidney Lee. Vol. XXV., Harris— Henry I. 

8yo, pp. 4)57, uncut, gilt top. MacmiUan & Co. $3.75. 
Francis Wayland. By James O. Murray. 16mo, pp. 293, 

gilt top. "American Religrious Leaders.'^ Houghton, 

Mifflin <& Co. 31.25. 
Anne Bradstreet and her Time. By Helen Campbell, 

author of ''Prisoners of Poverty." 12mo, pp. 373. D. 

Lothrop Co. $1.25 . 
Sir Francis Drake. By Julian Corbett. With portrait. 

16mo, pp. 209. Macmillan's ''English Men of Action.'* 

60 cents. 

LITERARY MISCELLANY. 

Letters and Correspondence of John Henry Newman, 
during his Life in the Einglish Church. With a brief 
Automography. Edited by Anne Mozlev, editor of " Let- 
ters of the Rev. J. B. Modiey, D.D.'' With two portraits. 
2 vols., 12mo, gilt tops. Longmans, Green & Co. $4.00. 

Journal of William Maolay, U. S. Senator from Penn- 
sylvania, 178&-1791. Edited by Edgar S. Maolay, A.M. 
With portrait. 8vo, pp. 438, gilt top. D. Appleton & Co. 
$2.25. 

TCngllHh Prose : Its Elements, History, and Usage. By 
John Earle, M.A. 8vo, pp. 530, uncut, gilt top. G. P. 
Putnam's Sons. $3.50. 

The Spiritual Sense of Dante's " Divlna Commedia." 
By W. T. Harris. Sq. 16mo, pp. 216. D. Appleton <& 
Co. $1.50. 

The Philosophy of American Literature. By Ghpeenough 
White, A.M. 16mo, pp. 66. Ginn <& Co. 35 cents. 

.Alethetlcs : Its Problems and Literature. By Fred N. 
Scott, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 32. Ann Arbor Inhind Press. 

POETRY. 

The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. Edited 
by Edward Dowden. With Portrait. 12mo, pp. 705. 
MacmiUan <& Co. $1.75. 

A Psalm of Deaths, and other Poems. By S. Weir MitcheU, 
M.D., LL.D., author of "The Cup of Youth." 12mo, 
pp. 70, gilt top. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50. 

Winona: A Dakota Lesrend ; and other Poems. B^ Capt. 
£. L. Huggins, U. S. A. 12mo, pp. 176, uncut, gilt top. 
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. 

Short FUfirhts. By Meredith Nicholson. 24mo, pp. 100. 
Bowen-Merrill Co. 

Oood-niffht Poetry (Bedside Poetry). A Parent's Assist- 
ant in Moral Discipline. Compiled by Wendell P. Gai^ 
rison. 16mo, pp. 143. Ginn <& Co. 70 cents. 

FICTION. 

Murvale Eastman, Christian Socialist. By Albion W. 

Tourgee. 12mo, pp. 545. Fords, Howard <& Hnlbert. 

$1.50. 
The Crystal Button ; or, Adventures of Paul Prognosis in 

the Forty-ninth Century. By Chaunoey Thomas. Edited 

by George Houghton. 16mo, pp. 302. Houghton, Miff- 
lin <& Co. $1.25. 
The Genius of Galilee. An Historical Novel. By Anson 

Urial Hancock. 16mo, pp. 507. Charles H. Kerr & Co. 
Bellerue; or, the Story of Rolf. By W. M. L. Jay, author 

of'Shiloh." 16mo,pp.478. E. P. Dutton <& Co. $1.25. 
A Story of Five. By Charlotte Molyneux Holloway. With 

fitmtispiece. 16mo, pp. 447. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25. 
Dreams. By Olive Schreiner. With portrait. Author's 

edition, 16mo, pp. 182. Roberts Brothers. $1.00. 
The Stranere Friend of Tito Gill. By Pedro A. de Alar^on. 

Translated from the Spanish by Mn. Francis J. A. Darr. 

Illustrated, 16mo, pp. 133. A. Lovell&Co. $1.00. 
A. D. 2060. Electrical development at Atlantis. By a former 

Resident of " The Hub." 16mo, pp. 83. The Bancroft 

Co. 75 cents. 
The Blood is the Man. A Story by W. Lawton-Lowth. 

16mo, pp. 101. The Bancroft Co. Paper, 25 cents. 
Appleton's Town and Govmtry Library— New volumes : 

A Fluttered Dovecote, bjr George ManvUle Fenn, illus- 
trated ; " "~ 

A Sensitive 1 

50 cents. 



i ; llie Nugents of Cairioonna, by Tighe Hopkins ; 
isitive Plant, by E. and D. Gerard. Each yoinme. 



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Harper's Franklin Square Library--Newyoliime8: Stand 
Past, Craig-Royston ! bv William Black, UlaBtrated, 50 
oents ; Her Love and His Life, by F. W. Robinson, 30 
cents ; A Secret Mission, Anonymous, 40 cents. 

Caaeell's Sunehine Series— New yolume : The Shadow of 
Robert Laroque, translated from the French of Jules 
Mary. 50 cents. 

Lipplncott's Series of Select Novels — New volume: 
The Plunger, by Hawley Smart. 50 cents. 

LiOvell*s International Series—New volumes : The Wages 
of Sin, by Lucas Malet ; Name and Fame, by Adelme 
Sargent and Ewing Lester; Lady Maude's Mania, by 
Geor^ Manville Fenn ; Marcia, by W. E. Norris ; A Bit- 
ter Birthright, by Miss Dora Russell. Each volume, 50c. 

TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE. 

The Cruise of the " Alerte " : The Narrative of a Search 
for Treasure on the Desert Island of Trinidad. By E. 

F. Knight, author of '' The Cruise of the Falcon." Il- 
lustrated, 12mo, pp. 328, uncut. Longmans, Green & Co. 
$3.50. 

How We Went and What We Saw: A Flying Trip 
through Eevpt, Syria, and the i£gean Islands. By 
Charles McCormick Reeve. 8vo, pp. 397, uncut, gilt top. 

G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75. 

The Buccaneers and Marooners of America. Being an 
Account of the Famous Adventures and Daring Deeds of 
certain notorious Freebooters of the Spanish Main. Ed- 
ited by Howard Pyle. New illustrated edition, 8vo, pp. 
403. MacmiUan's ^' Adventure Series.'' $1.50. 

Gulliver's Travels, and other Works. With some account 
of Cyrano de Bergerac, and of his Voyages to the Sun 
and Moon. By Jonathan Swift. Edited by Henry Mor- 
ley, LL.D. 12mo, pp. 445. " The Carisbrooke Library." 
George Rontledge & Sons. $1.00. 

REFERENCE-G UIDE-BOOKS. 

Chambers's Bncyclopeedia: A Dictionary of Universal 

Knowledge. New edition, Vol. VI., Hnmber to Malta. 

4to, pp. 828. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3.00. 
Physical and Political School Atlas: A Series of 80 Mara 

with General Index. By J. G. Bartholomew, F. R. S. £. 

4to. Macmillan & Co. $3.00. 
The Protestant Episcopal Almanac and Parochial List 

for 1891. 16mo,pp.272. Thomas Whittaker. Paper, 25c. 
A Handbook of FlorldCL By Charles Ledyard Norton. 

With 49 maps and plans, 18mo, pp. ^^80. Longmans, 

Green & Co. $1.25. 

SCHOOL AND COLLEGE TEXT-BOOKS. 

Plato's Gorgriaa. Edited, on the Basis of Deuschle-Cron's 
Edition, by Gonzalez Lodge. 12mo, pp. 308. Ginn's 
'' College Series of Greek Authors." $1 .75. 

Greek for Beginners. A Companion Book to the Hadley- 
Allen Greek Grammar. By Edward G. Coy, M.A. 16mo, 
pp. 152. Am. Book Co. $1.00. 

Harper's Sixth Beculer. By James Baldwin, Ph.D., ed- 
itor of *' Harper's Readers." British Authors. 12mo, 
pp. 504. Am. Book Co. 90 cents. 

Open Sesame I Poetry and Prose for School Days. Edited 
by Blanche Wilder Bellamy and Maud Wilder Goodwin. 
Vols. II. and III. Illustrated, 12mo. Ginn <& Co. Per 
vol., 75 cents. 

Selections fbr German Composition, with Notes and Vo- 
cabulary. By Charles Harris. 16mo, pp. 143. D. C. 
Hea^ & Co. 55 cents. 

Invertebrate Dissections : For the Use of College Students 
as a Laboratory Manual. By Henry Leslie Osbom, Ph.D. 
16mo, pp. 36. L. Kimball Printixig Co. Paper. 40 cts. 

The Natviral Speller and Word Book. Illustrated. 16mo, 
pp. 166. American Book Co. Boards. 20 cents. 

Historiarum Alezandri Magrni Macedonis, Libri III. et 
IV. Edited, for Sight Reading, by Harold N. Fowler. 
16mo, pp. {)6. Ginn & Co. Paper. 35 cents. 

P. Terenti Aft*i Phormio. Text, with Staee Directions, by 
Frank W. Nicolson, A.M. Prepared for Use in Sight 
Reading. 16mo, pp. 06. Ginn & Co. Paper, 30 cento. 

P. Terenti AfH Heavton Timorvmenos. Text, with Sttune 
Directions, by John C. Rolfe, Ph.D. Prepared for IJse 
in Sight Reaoing. 16mo, pp. 61. Ginn & Co. Paper, 30o. 

Laurette ou le Cachet Rou^e. Par Alfred de Vigney. 
Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by Alc^e Foiv 
tier. 16mo, pp. 54. Heath's ** Modem Language Se- 
ries." Paper, 15 cento. 



POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDIES. 
The Supreme Ctoiirt of the United States. Ito History and 

Influence in our Constitutional System. By Westel W. 

Willoughby. Large 8vo, pp. 124, uncut. The Johns 

Hopkins Pi«as. $1.25. 
Introduction to the Study of Federal Government. By 

Albert Bushnell Hart, Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 200. " Harvard 

Historical Monographs." Ginn & Co. $1.00. 
The Question of Ships: I., The Decay of oar Ocean Mer> 

cantile Marine— Ito Cause and Cure, by David A. Wells ; 

II., Shipping Subsidies and Bounties, bv Captain John 

Codman. lOmo, pp. 19. Putnam's ** Questions of the 

Day." Paper, 25 cento. 

SCIENTIFIC. 
The Futtire of Science. By Ernest Renan. 8vo, pp. 491. 

Roberto Brothers. $2.50. 
Inaecta. By Alpheus Hyatt and J. M. Arms. 18mo, pp. 

300. Heath's Guides for Science-teaching. $1.00. 
The Time-Relations of Mental Phenomena. By Joseph 

Jastrow. 16mo, pp. 60. N. D. C. Hodges. 
On Double Consdouaness: Experimental Psychcdogical 

Studies. By Alfred Binet. 16rao, pp. 93. Open Court 

Pub'g Co. Paper, 50 cento. 
Household Hygriene. By Mary Taylor Bis8ell,M.D. IGroo, 

pp. 83. *' Fact and Theory Papers." N. D. C. Hodges. 

75 cento. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Photofirraphic Mosaics: An Annual Record of Photographic 
Progress. Edited by Edward L. Wilson, author of "'' Lan- 
tern Journeys." 27th Year. 16mo, pp. 288. Edward 
L. Wilson. Paper, 50 cento. 

A Manual of Phonofirraphy ; or, Writiiw by Sound. A 
Complete Ssrstem of Phonetic ShorthandT By Isaac Pit- 
man. 18mo. London : Isaac Pitman & Sons. Paper, 40c. 

A Manual of the Type- Writer. By John Harrison. 18mo, 
pp. 135. London : Isaac Pitman <& Sons. Paper, 30 cto. 

The Phonogrraphic Teacher: A Guide to the Art of Pho- 
nography or Phonetic Shorthand. By Isaac Pitman. 
18mo, pp. 46. London : Isaac Pitman & ^^ons. Paper, l.lc. 



THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO/S 

L.4TEST PUBLICATION. 

The Founding of the Gennan Empire. 

VOLUMB II. 

Based chiefly on Prussian State Documents, by Heinrich 
Von Sybbl. Translated by Marshall Livinoston Pkr- 
RiN, assisted by Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. Vol. H, 6:M 
pages, with portrait of Bismarck. 8vo, gilt top, $2.00. To 
be completea in 5 volumes. 

Bir. M. W. Haseltine, in a long and exhaustive review of 
the first volume of this ^at work declares that ** there is no 
college or town library m the United States that can afford 
to be without Von Sybel^s account of the Evolution of Gei^ 
man Unit^.** He also speaks approvingly of the translator's 
English diction as being '* certainly more fluent and idiomatic 
than that usually exhibited by translators of German prose.'' 
It might well be so, for the author himself writes in a style 
vastly more simple and pleasing than that usually affected 
by German historians^ while his subject matter is also supe- 
rior in interest and brilliancy. 

A more absorbing history has never been written. The 
first volume has met with universal approval. The second 
volume^ herewith presented carries the narration from the 
dramatic negotiations of Count Brandenburg in 18JIK) down to 
the Assembly of Princes at Frankfort, in \^\ covering a 
period of the most vivid and vital interest. These evento 
were a preparation for the still more stirring times when Ger- 
many was to measure her forces with Austria and France, 
when^ by the genius of Bismarck, ** that man of blood and 
iron,*' the imperturbable Von Moltke and other oonsummate 
statesmen and generals which gathered round the heroic 
Emperor, Germany was enabled to take the front rank in the 
guidance of European politics and cluuage the face of the 
Continent in a way more permanent than was ever dreamed 
of by Napoleon the Great. With the prospect of these com- 
ing evento, the remaining three volumes, wnich not only keep 
up but also enhance the interest will be awaited with keen 
expectation. They will be issued at an early date. 

T. Y. CROWFXL & CO., 46 E. 14th St., New York. 
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Representative Western Booksellers, 

Authorized Agents for receiving Subscriptions to THE DIAL, copies of which 
may be had of them for examination. 



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HAVE NOW READY: 



LETTERS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF 

John Henry O^ewnum 

During hU Life in the English Church. Arranged and 

Edited at Cardinal Newman's requestf by Aknk Mozlet, 

Editor of *' Letters of Rev. J. B. Modey, D.D." 2 vols., 

with Portraits and Index, small 8to, oloth, gilt top, $4.00. 

**• ** It has ever been a hobby of mine — though perhaps it 

is a truism, not a hobby— that tn^ true life of a man is in hi9 

letters. . . . Not only for the interest of a biography, but 

for arriving at the inside of things, the publication of letters 

is the true method. Biographies varnish, the};^a88i^ motives, 

theyoonjecti 

but contemp 



they conjecture feelings, they interpret Lord Burleigh's nods ; 
but contemporary letters are facts.' ' — J^ v**«Hi/i« tf, him Sim. 
ter, Mrs, John Mozley, May 18, 186S. 



These words, addressed to his sister by Cardinal Newman, 
may explain the purpose of the ureeent work, which is, through 
the medium of his letters, to ^laee John Henry Newman ho- 
f ore the reader as he was to his family, to his friends, to his 
correspondents ; as he was in early youth and in manhood : in 
public and in private ; and in his action in, and for, the En- 
glish Church, while he remained in her communion. 

IT. 

Tbe First Crossing of Greenland. 

By Dr. Fridtjof Nanben. Translated from the Nor- 
wegian by HuBEBT Hajxnpib Qepp, B.A., Lecturer at 
the University of Upeala. With 5 maps, 12 full-page plates^ 
and 157 illustrations in the text. A Preface by J. Scott 
Kbi/fib, Librarian of Royal Geographical Society. 2 vols., 
ornamental cloth cover, silvered top, 8vo, 1040 pp., $10.50. 

HI. 
HISTORIC TOWNS.— Edited by Edward A. Freb- 
MAN, D.C.L., and Rev. William Hunt. 



[P(ew York. 



By Theodore Roosevelt. With three Maps. Crown 

8vo, $1.25. 

*«* Mr. Roosevelt has written a vigorous and a picturesque 
book about the founding and growth of the matest city of 
America, a task for which he is unusually weU qualified by 
his former labors as a biographer, and by his experience in 
public life. He tells the story of New York in a straightfor^ 
ward fashion, without intrusion of minor details, and without 
ever losing sight of the reasons for the city^s supremacy. 

IV. 

The Cruise of tbe '"tjllerte"; 

The Narrative of a Search for Treasure on the Desert 
Island qf Trinidad. By E. F. Knight, author of " The 
Cruise of the Falcon.*' With 18 plates, 5 woodcuts in tlie 
text, and 2 maps. Crown 8vo, S.^.iK). 

V. 

Letters to Young Shooters. 

(First Series.) On the Choice and Use of a Gun, By 
Sir Ralph Paynb Galway, Bart. With Illustrations. 
Crown 8vo, 273 pp., $2..'50. 

** I do not hesitate to nlace these letters in the hands of 
the rising generation of shooters, in the hope that they mapr 
be of service to them, or indeed to any- who confess inescpen- 
ence in the use of the gun. ... I have carefully connned 
my pen to practical instruction. . . . What I n9w lay be- 
fore young sportsmen is the outcome of years of actual per- 
sonal exfwnenoe and careful observation. ** — Extract from 
Introduction, 

For sale at the bookstores, or sent by mail, postpaid, on re- 
ceipt <if price, by the Publishers, 

LONGMAJ^S, GREEN & CO., 

No. 15 East Sixteenth St., NEW YORK. 



Household Necessities. 



SOCI/iL CUSTOMS. 

New edition, beduced in price. Complete Manual of 
American Etiquette. By Florence Howe Hall, 
daughter of Mrs. Julia Ward Howe. Handsomely 
printed, and neatly bound in extra cloth, gilt top, 
uncut. Small 8vo, 91.75. 

Do Ton ALWAYS KNOW JUST WHAT TO DO ? Do you know 
how to encourage Mrs. D. Lightfnl, accept and return her 
courtesies, as they deserve ; and politely but firmly avoid 
and defeat Mrs. Bore in her inroads on your privacy and 
more agreeable engagements ? If you do not, let us reoom- 
mend for byert social question the above entertaining 
and instructive book. 

THE CORRECT THING. 

By Florence Howe Hall, author of << Social Cus- 
toms." 18mo. Very neatly bound in extra cloth, 
gilt top, 75 cents. 
Same. Boimd in full flexible morocco, gilt edges (in 
a box), ai.25. 

Thip new immnal is neatly printed in a sixe not too laxge to 
be 9lipped into the pocket, and is arranged so that one page 
reminds the reader that " It is the oor&bct THora " to do 
this, while per contra the opposite page teUs him that " It is 
NOT THE CQBBBcr THING '^ to do that. Its oouciseness re- 
commends it to many who would not take the time to msater 
any more comprehensive manual. 

Tarloa's Kitchen Companion. 

A Guide for all who would be Good Housekeepers. 
Handsomely printed, and very fully illustrated. Large 

8vo, (nearly 1000 pages). Neatly bound in extra 

cloth or in water-proof binding, 82.50. 

Id^ It is thoroughly practical ; it is perfectly reliable ; it 
is marvellously comprehensive ; it is copiously illustrated. It 
is, in short, overflowing with good qualities, and is just the 
book that all housekeepers need to guide them. 

Miss Parloa's New Book has proved a remarkable saooess, 
and it could hardly have been otherwise. Exhaustive in its 
treatment of a subject of the highest importance to all, the 
result of years of conscientious study and labor upon the part 
of one who has been called *^the apostle of the renaissamce 
in domestic service," it could not be otherwise than welcome 
to every intelligent housekeeper in the land. No amount of 
commendation seems to do justice to it. Nothing but the use 
of the book can treat it as it deserves. 

PARLOA'S USC^fV COOK ^OOK 

AND MARKETING GUIDE. 

12mo, cloth, 81.50. 

This is one of the most popular Cook Books ever printed, 

containing 1724 recipes and items of instruction. The cfoee- 

tions are clear and concise, and the chapters on marketing 

and kitchen furnishing very useful. 



ESTES & LAURIAT, Publishers, 

BOSTON, MASS. 



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T{eady February i. 

THE STORY OF 

THE REAR COLUMN 

OF STANLEY'S 

Emin Pasha Relief Expedition. 

By the late JAMES S. JAMESON. 
WE ARE THE AUTHORIZED PUBLISHERS OF THIS WORK IN AMERICA. 

THIS volume of five hundred octayo pages is composed of Jameson's daily record of the scenes, inci- 
dents, and associations of his journey up the Congo, portions of his letters to his wife, who has 
edited the work and written the Preface, with letters also to his brother and others, followed by 
an Appendix on the Natural History of Jameson's trip, a letter from Tippu Tib, and various documents 
of particular interest at this time, when controversy hiM arisen over the fate of the rear column, the mur- 
der of Major Barttelot, and the unfortunate death of Jameson. 

Jameson's diary bespeaks a lovable, patient, faithful, and Christian character, which might, under 
more favorable circumstances, have added lustre to his name and cast much light upon the darkness of 
Africa, in departments which Mr. Stanley has not seen fit to particularly consider. 

The tone of Mr. Jameson's diary is too even and truthful to admit of doubt as to the sincerity of 
the writer ; and his occasional outbursts of impatience at the lack of consideration shown by Stanley to 
subordinates leads to the belief that possibly the fate of the rear column may have been largely due to 
positive carelessness or neglect on the part of the great explorer, rather than to the shortcomings of the 
subordinate officers, as Stanley has claimed. The subordinates — Barttelot, Jameson, Troup, Ward, and 
Bonny — were under military rule, and Stanley's orders were imperative. The rear column was left in 
charge of supplies, with orders to follow Stanley after the arrival of six hundred carriers and an escort, 
which were to have been sent by Tippu Tib. Days, weeks, and months passed by ; still Barttelot waited 
vainly for the contingent from Tippu Tib. Messengers failed to produce results, and finally, frequent 
personal communication having been necessary, much less than half the promised men, under insufficient 
command, were allowed to proceed, with the disastrous results depicted in the five hundred pages of 
absorbingly interesting and accurate information. Mr. Jameson's version of the unfortunate affair of the 
rear column is corroborated by Mr. Troup's recently published work. 

A Natural History Appendix, ably edited by specialists, shows that Mr. Jameson did good work, con- 
sidering the difficulties under which he labored, for the scientific and historical societies of London. 

One hundred Illustrations, from original drawings by the author, and a Map of the Congo from 
Stanley Falls to Kassongo, add graphically to the complete understanding of the movements of the 
expedition. 

In one large octavo volume, five hundred pages, one hundred Illustrations, and a Map of the 
Congo River. 

Cbtb, GiU $^.^0 

Library Edition (half American russia) . . . 4.^0 



Send your orders at once, which will be entered and filled consecutively as received by 

UNITED STATES BOOK COMPANY, 

Swx€M9or8 to JOHN W. LOVELL CO., 
P. O. Box 1992. Noe. 140 to 150 Worth Street, NEW YORK CITY. 



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Robert Bonner's Sons' New Novels. 



A MATTER OF MILLIONS. 
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For sale by all Booksellers, or sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of price, hy 
ROBERT BONNER'S SONS, Publishers, corner WiUiam and Spruce Sts., New York. 



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The Popularity of 
Mrs. Rorer's Cook Book 

rests on no uncertain foundation. It has been won by merit only. 
The book has found its way into thousands of homes, and opened 
the way to better living to more thousands of people. Its pages 
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The hints on saving will many times pay you the cost of the book. 

Oil-cloth covers, $1.7^. Any bookseller has it, or will get it for 
you, or we will mail it and pay postage. 

ARNOLD AND COMPANY, Publishbbs, 
Sold by A. C. MeClurg & Co. 420 Library Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 



Do you want to make your own 
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Paper covers, 40 cents. 
Cloth covers, 1$ cents. 



STOPS 



Or, HOIV TO PUNCTUATE. 

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New Edition^ paper cavers^ 26 cents. 



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My Life with Stanley's Rear Guard 

By HERBERT WABD. 

Nbablt 200 Pages, with Foldeno Map. 

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For sale by all booksellers, or sent postpaid on receipt qf price. 

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WORCESTER'S 

DICTIONARY. 

The Highest Authority hnoum as to the Use 
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LADIES' STATIONERY. 



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To AUTHORS.— The New York Bureau of Reyuiok 
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esterbrook's 

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[Feb., 1891. 



Webster's International Dictionary. 

JUST ISSUED FROM THE PRESS. A NEW BOOK FROM COVER TO COVER. 

FULLY ABREAST OF THE TIMES. 
A GRAND INVESTMENT for the Family, the School, the Professional or Private Library. 

THE Autihentic Webster's Unabridged Dictionaiy, comprising the issaes of 1864, '79, and '84, still 
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Editorial work on Uiis revision has been in active progress for over Ten Tears, not less than One 
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FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. 



INSIDE THE fVHITE HOUSE 
IN ^V/IR TIMES. 

By W. O. Stoddard, one of the Private Secretaries of 
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71)6 Literary Landmarks of Edinburgh. 

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IVessex Folk. 

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American Leads at Whist, and their History. 

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Comedy of Errors. 

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^Rationality in [Music. 

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In the "Stranger People's'' Country. 

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" In the Introduction we find a narration of the principal 
events in the life of this accomplished lady, with a personal 
portraiture admirably done and very just. . . . Madame 
de S^vign^ leaves her name to these later ages as a model of 
womanfy sweetness and purity, highl|r endowed intellectually, 
and the author of letters which contmue to be quoted as per- 
fect of their kind.**— TAe Standard, Chicago. 



Three Notable Novels. 

THE "BEyERLEYS. 

A Story of Calcutta. By liABT Abbott, autkor of "Alexia.** 

12mo, 264 pages, Sl.25. 

*^ This story introduces a more interesting set of characters 
than usually are found in the Anglo-Lufian novel. . . . 
That pet and despair of novelists, tne harum-scarum girl, is 
handled with remarkable success by the author, who writes 
throughout with good taste and with a quick eye for the pic- 
turesque.** — New York Hercdd, 

THE BRIDGE OF THE GODS. 

A Romance of Indian Oregon. By J. H. Balch, M. A. l6mo, 

280 pages, $1.25. 

*^ It is a truthful and realistic picture of the powerful In- 
dian tribes that inhabited the Oregon country two centuries 
ago. . . . It is a book that will be of vidue as an historical 
authority, and as a storv of interest and charm there are few 
novels that can rival it.** — Boston Traveller, 

OAARTHA COREY. 

A Tale of ibe Salem Witchcraft. By Constaitcs Goddabd 

Du Bois. 12mo, 314 pages, $1.25. 

** The story is curious and (quaint, differing totally from the 
novels of this day ; and the pictnres of life among the early 
inhabitants of Massachusetts show tbat the auilior has been 



untiring and faithful student for her work.'^ 
letin, Philadelphia. 



-Evening Bui- 



For sale at the bookstores, or sent by mad, postpaid, on re- 
ceipt of price, by the Publishers, 

A. C. McCLURG & CO., Chicago. 



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THE 

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 

FOR MARCH 

Contains discussions of a wide variety of interesting 
topics. In the opening paper on 

SUPPOSED TENDENCIES TO 

SOCIALISM, 

Professor William Gbaham deals with one of the 

great questions of the day. The illustrated series on 

THE T>EyELOPMENT OF AMERICAN 

INDUSTRIES SINCE COLUMBUS 

is continued, with an account of 

IRON-WORKING WITH MACHINE TOOLS, 
descrihing the ponderous rolls and shears for shap- 
ing and cutting iron bars and beams. An auda- 
cious paradox is put forth by John MoElroy, who 
writes of 

HYPOCRISY AS A SOCIAL ELEVATOR. 

How one of the important fibre plants is grown and 

prepared is told in 

THE CULTIVATION OF SISAL IN THE 

"BAHAMAS, 
with picturesque illustrations. An account of 

^R. KOCH'S (METHOD OF TREATING 

CONSUMPTION 
is given by a London physician and friend of the 
discoverer. Attention is forcibly called to the tres- 
passes of governments in a paper on 

THE TYRANNY OF THE STATE. 

The nature of the wild ceremonies connected with 

the mysterious 

yODU WORSHIP 

of the neg^es is told by an able authority, Major 

A. B. Ellis, of the British Army; and Colonel 

Gabrick Mallbby concludes his paper on curious 

modes of 

GREETING BY GESTURE. 

Other articles deal with industrial, zoological, polit- 
ical, and geographical subjects. Dr. Samuel L. 
Mitchell, one of the most prominent figures in 
the scientific and literary life of the United States 
during the first quarter of this century, is the sub- 
ject of the usual Biographical Sketch and Front- 
iipiece Portrait. There are good things, also, in 
Editorial, Correspondence, and other departments. 



Fifty cents a Number ; ^^.oo a Year. 

Published by D. APPLETON & CO., 
1, 3, & 6 Bond Street, New York. 



D. APPLETON & CO/S 
OjEWES T TUBLIC ATIONS. 

The Indugtrial Crisis, 

A PLEA FOR LIBERTY. 
An Argument against Socialism and Socialistic Legisla- 
tion. Consisting of an Introduction by Mr. Herbert 
Spencer, and Essays by Mr. George Howell, M.P.9 
Hon. AuBERON Herbert, Mr. W. C. Crofts, Rev. 
B. H. Alpord, Mr. Arthur Raffalovich, Mr. 
W. D0NI8THORPE, Mr. Edmund Vincent, Mr. T. 
Mackay, and others. Edited by Thobcab Mackat, 
aufciior of " The English Poor." 1 vol., 8vo, 1^2.26. 

AN AMERICAN GIRL IN LONDON. 
By Sara Jeannette Duncan, author of " A Social 
Departure." With 80 Illustrations by F. H. TowK- 
bend. 12mo, oloth, <^1.50. 

SOCIALISM NEW AND OLD. 
By Prof. William Graham. Vol, LXVIIL, "Inter- 
national Scientific Series." 12mo, doth, 91.75. 
" Piof . Gnham^s book may be oonfidentlv peeommendBd 
to all who are inteiested in the study of SociaHsm, and not so 
mtoxioated witib its piomises of a new hearen and a new earth 
as to he impatient of temperate and reasoned critioiam." — 
London Times, 

ADELINE'S ART DICTIONARY. 

Containing a Complete Index of all TermB used in Art, 
Architecture, heraldry, and Archaeology. Translated 
from the French and enlarged, with nearly 2,000 
Illustrations. 8yo, cloth, $2.25. 

THE PRIMES AND THEIR NEIGHBORS. 
By Richard Maixi^olm Johnston. Illustrated by 
Kemble, Frobt, and others. No. 68 '-Town and 
Country Library.'' 12mo, paper, 50 cents ; also in 
cloth, uniform with "Widow Guthrie," 1^1.26. 

Latest Issues in "Town and Country Library." 

A FASCINATING SPANISH NOVEL. 

DONA LUZ. 
By Don Juan Y albra, author of '< Pepita Ximenez." 
Trans, by Mrs. Mary J. Serrano. No. 67 «<rown and 
Country Library." 12mo, paper, 50 cts. ; doth, 91.00. 

W. D. HowKLLS savs in Harpefs Monthly: " He faaeina* 
tion of Dolia Luz and her history is that of a most tender and 
tragic beauty. We know hardly any figure in fiction move 
lovely and imectinsr than Dofia Luz. . . . It is all Teiy 
fine and masterly work, scarcely to be matched in the eon- 
temporarv fiction of our language, if that is not putting the 
case too faintly." 

A SENSITIVE PLANT. 
A new Novel by E. and D. Gerard, joint authors of 
"Reata," "The Waters of Hercules," etc. iVow 
Ready. No. 66 " Town and Country Library." 12mo, 
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In Press — Ready in April : 

TALES OF OLD NEW SPAIN. 
By Thomas A. Janvier. 

D. APPLETON & COMPANY, Publishebs, 
1, 3, & 5 Bond Street, NEW YORK. 



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Vol. XI. MARCH, 1891. 



No. 131. 



CONTENTS. 

LIFE, LETTERS, AND FRIENDSHIPS OF RICH- 
ARD MONCKTON MILNES. Edward Gilpin 
Johnson 399 

THE MAKERS OF AMERICA. Andrew C. Mc- 
Laughlin 342 

ERDMANN'S HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY. Will- 
iam M, Salter 344 

THE CLOSING YEARS OF THE IRISH PARLIA- 
MENT. William Eliot Furness 346 

MODERN USES OF ELECTRICITY. U. S. Carhart 348 

FRANCIS DANA HEMENWAY. Minerva B. Norton 350 

BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 351 

Earie's EngHsh Prose : Its Elements, Histoiy, and 
Usage.— Curtin's Myths and Folk-Tales of the Rus- 
sians, Western Slavs, and Magyars.— Dobson^s Four 
Frenchwomen.— Dnnckley's Lord Melbourne.— Pyle^s 
The Buccaneers and Marooneis of America. — Bab- 
oock*s The Two Lost Centuries of Britain. 

INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT A FACT ... 354 

INTELLECTUAL PROGRESS AND THE WORLD'S 

FAIR 355 

DEATH OF DR. ALEXANDER WINCHELL . . 356 

TOPICS IN MARCH PERIODICALS 356 

BOOKS OF THE MONTH 356 



HiIFE, IjETTERS, and FRIENDSHIPS OF 

Richard Monckton Milnes.* 



Mr. Wemyss Reid's biography of the first 
Lord Houghton is unusually rich in elements 
of general interest ; and readers who know or 
care least about Monckton Milnea himself will 
be abundantly entertained by the varied mass 
of general information, gossip, and correspond- 
ence which enter into the story of his life. 
Lord Houghton was for half a century a con- 
spicuous figure in European society, achieving 
a unique three-fold distinction as a man of let- 
ters, of affairs, and, in the higher sense, of 
fashion ; and was the intimate friend and corre- 
spondent of the most eminent men and women 
of his day. He knew Wordsworth, Landor, 
and Sidney Smith ; was the friend, trusted and 

* LiIFE, LeTTEBS, and FRIBND8HIP8 OF RiChAiD MoNCK- 

TOK BfmzfEs, First Lord Houghton. By T. Wemyas Reid. 
With Introdaotion by Rtohard Henry Stoddard. In two yoI- 
nmes. With two Portraits. New York : Cassell Pablishingr 
Company. 



well-beloved, of Tennyson, Carlyle, and Thack- 
eray, and was one of the first to hail the rising 
genius of Swinburne. Among statesmen, he 
had known Melbourne, Peel, and Palmerston 
in the heyday of their fame; had first seen 
Mr. Gladstone as an Oxford undergraduate ; 
had been the associate of Disraeli when he was 
still only the social aspirant of Gore House ; 
had been the confidant of Louis Napoleon, and 
had known Louis Philippe, Thiers, Guizot, and 
Lamartine, alike in their days of triumph and 
of defeat. These were but a few of the friend- 
ships of Monckton Milnes ; and his biographer 
aptly remarks in this connection that — 

« Great as the interest of such friendships must be, 
they did not suffice to absorb his affections. The rich- 
est outpourings of his heart were in many cases resenred 
for men of whom the world knew little or nothing.*' 

It is as the friend of great men, rather than 
as the great man, that Milnes will, broadly 
speaking, be known to those who come after 
him — a fact sufficiently evident in the general 
trend and composition of the present work. 
Lord Houghton was handicapped in the race 
for that success which wins enduring fame by 
those qualities which dazzled and attracted his 
contemporaries ; the brilliant versatility of tal- 
ent and catholicity of taste and sympathy which 
gained him ephemeral distinction deterred him 
from pursuing consistently a career of politics 
or of letters — in either of which he might, per- 
haps, have attained greatness. In the words 
of Aubrey De Vere — 

<<He had not much of solid ambition, nor did he 
value social distinction as much as intellectual excite- 
ment and ceaseless novelty." 

One must not, however, while emphasizing 
the disparity between Milnes's ability and his 
achievements., depreciate the latter unduly. His 
prose writing charmed his generation and will 
long be read by lovers of good English ; and 
his poetry, chaste to a degree and enriched with 
a vein of finely-suggestive reflection, held its 
own undimmed in the light of Tennyson's gen- 
ius. Landor held strongly to the opinion that 
Milnes was ahead of all his living contempora- 
ries as a poet; in Crabbe Robinson's Diary 
(1838) — alluding to a breakfast at which Lan- 
dor was present — we read : 

<< A great deal of rattling on the part of Landor, who 
maintained Blake to be the greatest of poets, and that 
Milnes is the greatest poet now living in £ne(ai|d." | 

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Milnes does not seem to have been taken so 
seriously by Wordsworth, who, on learning that 
the young man intended going to the masked 
ball at Buckingham Palace in the character of 
Chaucer, observed, " If Richai'd Milnes goes 
to the Queen's ball in the character of Chau- 
cer, it only remains for me to go to it in that 
of Richard Milnes." Undoubtedly, certain 
pieces by Milnes will find a place in every an- 
thology of English verse. 

Lord Houghton's political cai'eer, though 
in the main disappointing to himself and his 
friends, was not without brilliant episodes, and 
was certainly marked by one notable and un- 
selfish triumph — his share in the establishment 
of reformatories for children who had been 
born, or driven by force of circumstances, into 
the criminal classes. Milnes's social reputation 
and his literary successes stood in the way of 
his political advancement — especially as it hap- 
pened to be Sir Robert Peel to whom he looked 
for office. Sir Robert was what is known as 
'* an eminently practical man " — synonymous, 
too often, with ^^an eminently hard-headed, 
naiTOW-minded, short-sighted man " — and was 
quite unable to see in the man of letters and 
the man of society a possible man of affairs. 

In his social career Lord Houghton achieved 
an almost unique distinction ; and it was for 
such a career that his temperament peculiarly 
fitted him. We believe that we do no injus- 
tice to his memory when we say that few men 
have tested more fully the worth of that genial 
philosophy which takes large and grateful ac- 
count of the good things of the hour, " leaving 
the rest to the Gods." " He warmed both 
hands before the fire of life," said his friend 
Landor ; and we confess we see no reason for 
treating this as an admission to be offset by a 
formal enumeration of specific virtues — as if 
an acceptance of the blessings of this life im- 
plied an enfeebled claim upon those of the 
next. Perhaps Mr. Wemyss Reid feels that 
the spirit of Macaulay's Puritans, who forbade 
bull-baiting '^ not because it gave pain to the 
bull, but because it gave pleasure to the spec- 
tators," still lies heavy upon his coimtrymen. 
Lord Houghton's fondness for the sunshine of 
life was no mere selfish epicureanism ; and the 
consciousness that there were multitudes beyond 
the reach of the pleasant beams was for him a 
source of constant disquietude and of good 
works. There are, no doubt, persons who, 
though callous of temperament and emotionally 
incapable of realizing the sufferings of others, 
are extremely beneficent from a sense of duty. 



Lord Houghton was not of this class ; still less 
was his beneficence of the thrifty sort that re- 
gards charity as an investment — as a banking 
of treasure, away from moth and rust, and at 
a high rate of interest. Florence Nightingale, 
his warm friend and co-laborer in the field of 
disinteresteil good works, records a story of 
him that dwarfs formal panegyric : 

"His brilliancy and talents in tongue or pen — whether 
political, social, or literary — were inspired chiefly by 
goodwill towards man ; but he had the same voice and 
manners for the dirty brat as he had for a duchess, the 
same desire to give pleasure and good : for both were 
his wits and his kindness. Once, at* Redhill (the Re- 
formatory), where we were with a party, and the chiefs 
were explaining to us the system in the court-yard, a 
mean, stunted, A-illainous-looking little fellow crept 
across the yard (quite out of order, and by himself), 
and stole a dirty paw into Mr. Milnes's hand. Not a 
word passed ; the boy stayed quite quiet and contented 
if he could but touch his benefactor who had placed 
him there. He was evidently not only his benefactor, 
but his friend." 

We are glad that Miss Nightingale has pre- 
served this scene for us. The picture of the 
fortunate Lord Houghton, the poet, wit, and 
scholar, the intimate of kings and statesmen, 
standing hand-in-hand with the desolate little 
waif in the Redhill prison-yard, is a singularly 
engaging one, and touches problems more in- 
tricate than the character of an individual. 

Naturally, Mr. Reid dwells upon Lord 
Houghton's more solid qualities rather than 
upon those ec(»entricities which went at least 
as far as his merits in drawing upon him so 
large a share of public notice. A number of 
amusing anecdotes, however, are given illus- 
trative of the side of his character best known 
to the world at large. Upon his entry, in 
1836, into London society, it bec-sirae Milnes's 
ambition to emulate the j>oet Rogers, whose 
" literary breakfasts " were a well-known Lon- 
don institution, in the role of a host at whose 
table men of ability could meet on equal terms, 
irrespective of creed, party, or social standing. 
Milnes seems to have gone quite beyond his 
prototype,' and the result of the universality 
of his invitations was sometimes rather start- 
ling. It is related that one day at his table 
someone asked if Courvoisier, the notorious 
murderer, had been hanged that morning ; when 
his sister immediately responded, "•' I hope so, 
or Richard will have him at his breakfast party 
next Thursday." Carlyle used to say that if 
Christ was again on earth Milnes would ask 
him to breakfast, and the clubs would all be 
talking of the good things Chi*ist had said. 
Milnes was fond of mystifyinff^is friends — 

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no difficult task, certainly, with his English 
ones — with unexpected and paradoxical re- 
marks. When, for instance, he was elevated 
to the Peerage, in 1868, a friend greeted him 
under his new title and solemnly asked him 
how it felt to be a lord. 

"Milnes's eyes twinkled with irrepressible humor, as 
he answered, « I never knew until to-day how immeas- 
urable is the gidf which divides the humblest member 
of the Peerage from the most exalted commoner in 
England.'" 

Lord Tennyson, who evidently knew his coun- 
trymen, warned our author against printing 
this ; for, said he, " Every fool will think that 
Milnes meant it." 

The circle of M ilnes's friendships embraced 
many of the most illustrious men and women 
of his day ; and with nearly all these people 
his relations were so confidential as to lend 
special value to the letters freely interspersed 
throughout the text of the present work. Among 
his correspondents may be mentioned Guizot, 
Gladstone, Tennyson, Browning, Wordsworth, 
Landor, Matthew Arnold, Thackeray, Emer- 
son, Carlyle, Thiers, Lamartine, and Charles 
Sumner. Carlyle's letters are very amusing 
and characteristic, and we shall allow ourselves 
a few extracts from one written to his wife 
from Fryston, the country-seat of Lord Hough- 
ton's father, where the Sage of Chelsea was 
then a guest. 

" Richard, I find, lays himself out while in this quar- 
ter to do hospitalities, and of course to collect notabili- 
ties about him and play them o£f one against the other. 
I am his trump card at present. These last two nights 
he has brought a trio of barristers to dine — producing 
champague, etc. Plate of Marry silver, four or five 
embroidei'ed lackeys, and the rest of it, are the order 
of all days. Our first trio consisted of Sir Francis Doyle, 
another elderly wigsman (name forgotten), and — little 
Roebuck I He is practising as advocate now, that little 
Roebuck, as lean, acrid, contentious, and loquacious as 
ever. He flew at me, do what I would, some three or 
four times like a kind of cockatrice — had to be swept 
back again ; far more to the general entertainment than 
to mine. . . . Last night our trio was admitted to 
be a kind of failure ; three greater blockheads the lee- 
lang nicht ye wadna find in Christendee. Richard had 
to exert himself ; but he is really dexterous, the villain. 
He pricks into yon with questions, with remarks, with 
all kinds of fly tackle to make you bite — does gener- 
ally contrive to g^t you into some sort of speech. . . . 
Richard's sister is also here. ... I think she is de- 
cidedly worth something. About the height of Rich- 
ard, which makes a respectable stature for a gown, the 
same face as he, but translated into the female cut, and 
surmoonted with lace and braided hair ; of a satirical, 
witty turn, not wanting in affability, but rather want- 
ing in the art of speech ; above all, rather afraid of 
me. . . . The mother is a very good woman, with 
a mild, high-sailing way, to which in old times her fig- 
ure and beauty must have corresponded well. The old 



gentleman likes me better daily, since he finds / want 
bile. He has flashes of wit, of intelligence, and almost 
originality. At all events, he wants not flashes of si- 
lence." 

In another letter, Carlyle gives his opinion 
of the Corn Laws — and of a dull sermon : 

<< A real Squire's bane I define these laws to be ; 
sweet to the tooth of Squire, but rapidly accelerating 
all Squires, as if they needed acceleration, in their course 
downward. Sir Peel is a great man ; can bribe, coerce, 
palaver, gain a majority of seventy ; but Sir Peel can- 
not make water run permanently upwards, or an En- 
glish nation walk on the crown of their heads. . . . 
Did I ever tell you how near I was bursting into abso- 
lute tears over your old fat-sided parson at Fryston that 
day ? It is literally a kind of fact. The droning hol- 
lowness of the poor old man, droning as out of ages of 
old eternities things unspeakable into things imheara- 
ble, empty as the braying of an ass, was infinitely pa- 
thetic in that mood of mine." 

The following is from one of Milnes's own 
letters : 

" I have a letter from Hawthorne, the author of * The 
Scarlet Letter,' from Boston, in which he says that he 
< could not have conceived anything so delightful as 
civil war,' and deeply regrets that his youth was cast 
in a quiet time. * Who cares,' he adds, < about the 
amount of blood and treasure ? Men must die, even 
if not pierced by bullets ; and gimpowder is the most 
exciting of luxuries. Elmerson breathes slaughter as 
fiercely as any of us.' " 

We must not omit mentioning here that dur- 
ing our Civil War Milnes ranged himself on 
the side of the friends of the North, with an 
eai*nestness not inferior to that of Mr. Bright 
and Mr. W. E. Forster — a fact that goes far 
in explaining the extraordinary warmth of his 
reception in America in 1874. 

Among the many tributes to Milnes, we find 
the following from the poet Heine. It is from 
a letter written to Lady DufF Gordon : 

« Yes, I do not know what possessed me to dislike 
the English, and to be so spiteful towards them, but it 
really was only petulance. I never hated them. I was 
only once in England, but knew no one, and found Lon- 
don very dreary, and the people in the streets odious. 
But England has revenged herself well ; she has sent 
me most excellent friends — thyself and Milnes — that 
good Milnes— <aud others." 

But it is impossible here to give the reader 
a fair idea of the richness and variety of mat- 
ter of these two handsome volumes ; and it 
only remains to add a word as to the editing. 
Those who have read Mr. Wemyss Eeid's Life 
of W. E. Forster need not be reminded that 
he brings exceptional qualifications to a task of 
this kind — not the least of which is a thorough 
understanding of the true scope and purpose of 
biography. Every page of the work in hand 
testifies to the writer's aim to set clearly before 
the reader the real Monckton Milnes — rather 

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[March, 



than to display his own literary paces. Those 
who may be unwilling to accept his perhaps 
too high estimate of Lord Houghton's standing 
and powers are furnished with ample material 
for forming an independent judgment. The 
selection and arrangement of the correspond- 
ence is admirable, and the narrative graceful, 
easy, and always to the point. In short, we 
have no more conscientious and capable worker 
in this branch of literature than Mr. Wemyss 
Reid, and we trust the present excursion into 
the field of biography will not be his last. 

Edivard Gilpin Johnson. 



The Makers of America.* 



A new series of short biographies entitled 
^^ Makers of America" affords favorable op- 
portunity for the study of American history. 
Kepresentative men have been chosen as cen- 
tres from which to study fundamental princi- 
ples and facts which have fashioned America 
and directed its progress. The idea is not a 
novel one, save perhaps in its boldness and 
its breadth. Lives of men from La Salle to 
Charles Sumner are included in the series as 
announced by the publishers. Discoverers, sa- 
vants, statesmen, and theologians are to have 
their claims as master-builders presented. 

Alexander Hamilton was preeminently a 
" maker." His work was one of construc- 
tion solely. Disorder, confusion, aught ap- 
proaching anarchy, distressed him ; and his life 
was devoted to arrangement and systemization. 
Professor Sumner has fully appreciated that 
the first and greatest work of the Federalist 
statesman was to bring order out of the chaos 
of revolution. From the Stamp- Act Congress 
to the definitive treaty, patriotism and diso- 
bedience were synonjrmous. The generation 
which grew into political activity in those years 
of stress and danger was schooled in the acts 
of opposition and in the tactics of rebellion. 
Even before Yorktown, '* King Cong " was an 
odious representative of what was hateful in 
external government; and when this revolu- 
tionary body was shorn of its strength by the 
Articles of Confederation, and found itself re- 

* Alexander Hamilton. By William Grraham Sumner, 
LL.D. "Makers of America." New York: Dodd, Mead 
ACk). 

George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert, Barons Bal- 
timore of Baltimore. By William Hand Browne. " Makers 
of America." New York : Dodd, Mead & Co. 

Life of General Oglethorpe. By Henry Bruce. "Mak- 
ers of America." New York : Dodd, Mead <& Co. 



duced from the role of government to that of 
an humble petitioner, the average citizen of the 
states scoffed at its impotent pleadings and 
contented himself with occasional alms, while 
he satisfied his political cravings by advocating 
in his own assembly some spiteful piece of leg- 
islation aimed at the prosperity of a neighbor- 
ing state. In an admirable series of chap- 
ters on the Features of American Public Life, 
1765-1780, Professor Sumner has depicted 
the society which so much needed the stem 
hand of discipline. In nearly every instance he 
has gone for his materials to original sources, 
and has gleaned his facts from contemporane- 
ous recital. These chapters have not escaped 
the usual perils of such narrative ; an attempt 
to show the confusion and disorder has resulted 
in the use of colors too dark and sombre ; there 
is no suggestion of anything but the direst self- 
ishness and childish petulance and gambling. 
Yet such words as these are a healthful anti- 
dote to the customary accounts of the godlike 
nobility of Revolutionary men, who seem to 
stalk across the pages of history like so many 
Homeric heroes. 

The great work of Hamilton as a national- 
ist or a continentalist, in the critical period 
1783-87, has not been amply portrayed. Of 
course the limits of the volume prevent the ex- 
tended discussion of any one theme ; but it is 
disappointing to discover that the author does 
not find space for a careful estimate of the 
deeds of those years. If he desires to show 
fully ^' how and in what sense Alexander Ham- 
ilton was one of the makers of this American 
State," he can scarcely afford to forget the toil 
and the energy with which the youthful states- 
man strove by the side of Washington and 
Madison against narrow particularism and local 
jealousy. 

At Philadelphia, and in the New York con- 
vention, Hamilton stood for government. In 
each instance he was a builder. Although he 
did not take such an active part as did Madi- 
son in the actual construction of the Constitu- 
tion, he thoroughly imderstood its scope, and 
threw his influence continually on the side of 
order and in favor of a government which 
would be equipped against anarchy and the 
forces of disintegi*ation. New York, feeling al- 
ready her superior commercial position, thought 
herself able to defeat union by a refusal to ac- 
cept the Constitution. Here Hamilton's work 
was prodigious ; had it not been for his efforts 
the keystone in the arch of states would not 
have been placed in position. The Anti-Feder- 

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alists controlled over two-thirds of the conven- 
tion, and formed the majority of the people of 
the state; but against these huge odds the 
Federalists conquered. If the end of oratory- 
is to convince and to change adversaries into 
friends, measured by such accomplishments 
Hamilton was the first of American orators. 
The author of this little biography finds small 
space for an account of this masterpiece of 
constructive politics and statesmanship. The 
Anti-Federalists in the convention proposed at 
one time to accept the Constitution condition- 
ally. Hamilton hastily conferred with Madi- 
son, who immediately wrote back that an un- 
conditional ratification was alone admissible. 
Without considering the reply of Madison, 
Professor Sunmer makes the following state- 
ment: 

*« The fact here stated [the expectation in New York 
that revenue difficulties would immediately break up 
the Union], and the apparent willingness of Hamilton 
to agree to a conditional ratification by New York, must 
be taken as complete demonstration that even the most 
advanced Federalists did not suppose that the states 
were forming an irrevocable union." 

The truth is that Hamilton was not willing. 
In a moment of despair he ashed Madison's 
opinion, but that was all ; he worked valiantly 
on nntil complete success was the result. One 
question from a weary and almost disheartened 
man forms small basis for a ^^ complete demon- 
stration '* when all the rest of his career is o|)- 
posed to such interpretation. 

A reader must confess to disappointment 
again in the treatment of Hamilton's financial 
policy. No one is better able than Professor 
Sumner to give a clear and briUiant criticism 
of these important acts in the conduct of the 
treasury department. But an attempt to do 
so within such meagre limits is necessarily un- 
satisfactory. A plain statement of how Ham- 
ilton's measures marshalled the friends of gov- 
ernment in the commercial North and won the 
mercantile and professional classes to his side 
would be sufiicient, one would think. The doc- 
trine of " implied powers," put forth by Ham- 
ilton as the defense of the bank, was infinitely 
more important than the bank itself, whether 
it be based on good or bad principles of polit- 
ical economy ; statesmanship occasionally rises 
superior to thrift. This doctrine is not men- 
tioned in this volume, yet it was of the utmost 
importance. Marshall accepted it, and made 
it the head of the comer in his masterly work 
of constitutional construction. 

The work of Hamilton as a maker of Amer- 
ica was the work of the Federalist party. He 



took the Constitution, which was a mere writ- 
ten document, and translated it into action. 
He, more than any other man, with Washing- 
ton's great influence behind him, made the 
American State, as much as as any man can 
be said to make an ethical entity. When the 
American people agreed tliat a certain written 
document contained a description of their con- 
stitution, such an act did not completely estab- 
lish the structure of the state ; nor did all the 
organs of national sovereignty at once come 
into being, each doing its part and fitting into 
its place. Hamilton's work was to make the 
Constitution (or, in other words, the structure 
of the state), as seen in government, conform 
to the will of the state as it was partly and 
formally expressed by the paper description 
agreed upon. 

It cannot be denied that the Federalist lead- 
er succeeded in his work of bringing system 
out of confusion and of laying the practical 
foundations of an orderly state. Democracy 
in 1800 meant, as it does to-day, more than a 
form of government : it was a sentiment. Its 
advocates were political and social philanthro- 
pists. But, thanks to the tireless energy of 
Hamilton, this beautiful theory was forced to 
rise slowly on broad solid abutments built from 
the material of history. Jeffersonian democ- 
racy had to be engrafted — to change the figure 
— upon the flourishing stalks of the Federalist 
state. Theorizer as Jefferson was, he could 
not follow the example of his kind the world 
over and pluck up past institutions by the 
roots. One can hardly agree with the intima- 
tion of Professor Sumner that Hamilton's en- 
ergy o'erleapt itself, and that reaction swept 
away lasting traces of his toil. 

No one is better qualified than Mr. William 
Hand Browne to write the lives of the Lords 
Baltimore, the founders of Maryland. In the 
space of 175 pages lie clearly and concisely 
gives the chief facts in the first years of the 
history of Maryland, and tells the story of its 
two founders. His narrative, short as it is, 
will leave little room for the arguments which 
have tortured past historians and readers. One 
writer has praised the noble generosity of the 
Calverts, as the fathers of American tolera- 
tion. Another has sneered at the mercantile 
consciences of men who would sell their relig- 
ion for success in colonization. A third asserts 
that Cecilius was rather below than above in- 
tolerance. In fact, the second Lord Baltimore 
was not the kindly-spirited man that Penn was, 
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derived fi'om religious harmony. But there is 
every evidence in his work that he recognized 
the human folly of coercion in matters of con- 
science, and advocated mutual respect for dif- 
fering opinions. Mr. Browne has made use of 
his peculiar privileges in the preparation of 
this volume. The Maryland Historical Soci- 
ety has become possessed of the ancient papers 
of the Calvert family, and the author has con- 
sulted these original sources of information, 
hitherto unknown to historians. From the lit- 
ter and rubbish of an old conservatory in En- 
gland this valuable material was exhumed, and 
is now securely preserved in the vaults of the 
society in Baltimore. Such interesting docu- 
ments as the instructions issued to the first col- 
onists, the author has transcribed at length. 
The book is a scholarly piece of work, and 
a real addition to American historical litera- 
ture. 

Of all the pi*ominent persons connected with 
our early history, Oglethorpe has been one of 
the most vague and picturesque. Mr. Bruce 
has done much to render the outlines distinct, 
without robbing this interesting figure of its 
romance. With rare skill and industry he has 
brought together little tidbits of gossip and dry 
historical facts, dim allusions and vivid descrip- 
tions, and has formed a bright breezy narra^ 
tive, singularly interesting and satisfactory. 
He who picks up the book expecting to obtain 
a complete recital of Oglethorpe's life in all 
its details will be disappointed. Such a task 
would be an impossible one ; and the author's 
work has been to get what facts he could, guess 
shrewdly at others, and help the imagination 
to a picture. The generous impulses as well 
as the executive vigor of this old-time gentle- 
man stand fairly before us. Oglethorpe has 
been called a historical character because he 
was complimented by Pope, and because his 
name appeared in the pages of Boswell. One 
resents the insinuation that the founder of 
Georgia must rely for his fame upon the fact 
that the vain and silly prince among biograph- 
ers mentioned his name, or that he was hon- 
ored with an artificial couplet. And yet one 
of the makers of America has a peculiar inter- 
est as we see him arguing with Johnson on the 
existence of ghosts, or pouring a little wine on 
the bare table that he may with a wet finger 
describe the siege of Belgrade. For the brave 
old general had, as a lx)y, fought under tlie 
gallant Eugene, and had seen the mighty Marl- 
borough. He lived to be nearly a hundred 
years old. Horace Walpole complains, in 1785, 



that Oglethorpe, though ninety-five, weazened 
and wrinkled and lacking his teeth, has the 
eyes and ears, articulation, limbs, and memory 
that would suit a boy, " if a boy could recollect 
a century backward." Mrs. Hannah More 
writes the same year : " I am just going to 
flirt a couple of hours with my beau. General 
Oglethorpe." Samuel Rogers used to tell how 
the General looked at the sale of Dr. Johnson'a 
Tx)oks, — "very, very old, and his skin altogether 
like parchment ; the youngsters whispered with 
awe that in his youth he had shot snipe in Con- 
duit street, near the corner of Bond street.'* 
Such interesting descriptions of this gentleman 
of the old school could be multiplied, but there 
is no need. Mr. Bruce has done his work well^ 
and the student of American history owes him 
a debt of gratitude for his bright, entertaining 
narrative. Andrew C. McLaughun. 



Erdmaxx'8 History op Phil.O!W>phy.* 



It is certainly to the credit of our country 
that the two leading German manuals of the 
history of philosophy should be made accessi- 
ble to English readers by the hands of Amer- 
ican scholars. The late Professor George S. 
Morris, of the University of Michigan, trans- 
lated (1872) Ueberweg's excellent " Grundriss 
der Geschichte der Philosophic"; and now 
Professor W. S. Hough, of the University of 
Minnesota, appears as the editor of an English 
translation of Erdmann's work bearing the 
same title — a work which Professor Hough 
probably does not exaggerate the importance 
of in saying that it has been long recognized 
in Germany as the best of its kind. Honor 
thus attaches not only to America, but to that 
portion of it ordinarily thought to be deficient 
in cidture and in graver interests — the West. 

The only extended history of philosophy 
down to 1872 — Schwegler's brief hand-book 
being left out of account — was that of George 
Henry Lewes. This brilliant but rather su- 
perficial writer composed his book in the first 
place (1845-6) with the avowed purpose of 
dissuading " the youth of England from wast- 
ing energy on insoluble problems,'* and em- 
])loyed history "- as an instrument of criticism 
to disclose the successive failures of successive 
schools.'' Later editions (under the title *'The 
Biographical History of Philosophy," 1857, 

* A History of Philosophy. By Johami Eduard £rd- 
mann, Professor of Philosophy in the University of Halle. 
English Translation, Edited by Professor Williston S. Hoogh^ 
Ph.M. In three volames. New York : Macmillan & Co. 

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and "The History of Philosophy from Thales 
to Comte," 1867 and 1871) were much en- 
larged, and adopted a more serious tone ; but 
the original spirit and purpose were confessedly 
unchanged. So pessimistic a view was ill-fitted 
to put one into sympathetic relations with the 
earnest attempts of great thinkers of the past 
to gain a rational solution of the ultimate prob- 
lems of existence ; and Lewes often failed in 
consequence to understand the doctrines he por- 
trayed, — as witness his caricature of the views 
of Hegel. It was a boon, then, to English speak- 
ing people when Professor Morris presented a 
translation of Ueberweg's " Grundriss." This 
Koenigsberg professor had no partisan aim to 
serve, was painstaking and accurate, and his 
work was peculiarly rich in bibliographical ref- 
erences. The American translation was made 
additionally valuable by an Appendix on En- 
glish and American Philosophy, written by 
Dr. (then President) Noah Porter, and by 
another on Philosophy in Italy, by Dr. Botta. 
Ueberweg, however, as Mr.Thomas Davidson 
has remarked, was a scholar rather than a phil- 
osopher, far more reliable than Lewes, yet with- 
out first-rate philosophical penetration. In the 
Introduction to Morris's translation which Pro- 
fessor Philip Schaff contributed, the latter in- 
timated that in selecting a work to be trans- 
lated, the choice had lain between Ueberweg's 
" Grundriss " and that of Erdmann ; and the 
philosophical public is to be congratulated on 
having at length Erdmann's work within 
reach. Ueberweg's "History" has still its 
peculiar value ; Erdmann 's does not compare 
with it in richness of bibliographical material. 
But Erdmann has the rare power of going right 
to the heart and centre of a philosophical sys- 
tem, and expressing it with a clearness and a 
vigor all his own. It is not a mere correct 
statement, but a living reproduction of others' 
views, that we find in his pages. He is able to 
do this in the case of philosophers with whom 
he disagrees. His own standpoint is that of 
critical right-wing Hegelianism (for he rec- 
ognizes Hegel's limitations) ; yet not only can 
he write sympathetically of Lotze, he gives a 
thorough and lucid statement of the views of 
Duhring ; and only from Erdmann 's expressly 
saying so at the close of it, should we know 
that the study of Duhring's system had been 
to him (for personal reasons) a disagi-eeable 
task. 

Aside from this fundamental merit, the char- 
acteristic excellences of Erdmann 's " History" 
are as follows : First, a very full treatment of 



the Middle Ages. Ueberweg made a depart- 
ure in giving attention to Mediaeval Philoso- 
phy ; but Erdmann gives greater attention. 
" 1 have sought before everything," says Erd- 
mann, " so to represent such systems as have 
been treated in a step-motherly fashion by oth- 
ers that a complete view of them might be ob- 
tained"; and Mediaeval Philosophy receives 
more than twice the space devoted to the An- 
cient. Very justly does he ask whether men, 
who " among other things have given us our 
entire philosophical terminology, are to be 
counted as nothing." Yet the treatment of 
Ancient Philosophy is a marvel of compact 
statement. Secondly, Erdmann gives an ad« 
mirable accoimt of the German philosophy of 
the pi'esent century (since Hegel), Ueber- 
weg's exposition covers, after Schopenhauer, 
only Herbart (who died 1841) and Beneke 
(died 1854) ; what follows is little more than 
a list of authors' names with their works, al- 
though in a few instances brief statements of 
their views, borrowed from Erdmann. mainly, 
have been added in Morris's translation. But 
the third volume of the work now under review, 
though much briefer than the others, is en- 
tirely devoted to post-Hegelian developments, 
exclusive of Schopenhauer and Herbart, who 
are treated in the second volume. It describes 
the dissolution of the Hegelian school, and the 
later attempts at a reconstruction of philoso- 
phy, including among others Lange, Eduard 
von Hartmann, Ulrici, Trendelenburg, and 
Fechner, and ending with Lotze. It is not 
easy to write of the movements of one's own 
time ; and if the worth of a piece of work could 
be determined, as the Socialists would have us 
think, by the amount of labor spent on it, Erd- 
mann tells us that this part of his *' History " 
would be decidedly the best. But though Erd- 
mann is dissatisfied with it, this is evidently 
because of the very high standards of his intel- 
lectual conscience, and I can join with a "Mind" 
reviewer (barring — shall I call it? — ^the An- 
glicism of his language) in saying, " it is cer- 
tain that no such bright and instructive a [«ic] 
presentation has ever yet come from another 
hand." It may not accord with the popular 
notion that an Hegelian should be modest, 
but I must own that a more modest and scrupu- 
lous writer on philosophical subjects than Erd- 
mann I have yet to come across, unless it be 
Lotze, for whom Erdmann himself has a warm 
feeling. The positivist Lewes is audacity it- 
self compared with him. 

It is a pity that Professor Hough shoujd not 

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have followed Erdmann's suggestion and added 
to this last volume an exposition of French 
Philosophy in the nineteenth century, and also 
one of English. " If these outlines," says Erd- 
mann, referring to the work now translated, 
" should ever find French or English translat- 
ors, it would properly be their matter to sup- 
ply these additions/' Such an undertaking may 
have seemed formidable, and perhaps there are 
few who would not almost despaii* of producing 
anything that would bear to be placed along- 
side the masterly analysis of Erdmann. Yet 
Dr. Porter's sketch in Morris's *' Ueberweg " 
certainly needs supplementing and fortifying ; 
and French philosophy, with at least the one 
great name of Renouvier, is much nearer home 
to us than the Italian. 

The translation (actually made, it should be 
said, by several hands) might be better, and 
certainly does not err on the side of too great 
freedom ; but it is reasonably good. The Pre- 
faces we have found hardest reading ; the ac- 
count of Lotze is almost as smooth as could be 
wished. But why should a sentence like the 
following be permitted ? — *' It was a strong in- 
clination to poetry and art which was what 
first brought him to study philosophy " (Vol. 
III.^ p. 300, — the italics, of course, my own). 
The work is well supplied with indexes, one 
at the close of each volume and a general one 
at the end ; but I have happened to notice that 
while this last gives the minor references ^ 
Beneke and Fortlage in Vol. II., it omits the 
principal ones in Vol. III., where these phil- 
osophers are treated in extenso. 

It should be stated in conclusion that Erd- 
mann's " History " forms the Introduction to 
a Library of Poilosophy, to be edited by Pro- 
fessor J. H. Muirhead, M.A., of London. The 
Library is to be mainly historical, first of phi- 
losophical and ethical theories, secondly of spe- 
cial sciences like psychology, political philos- 
ophy, aesthetics. But there will be also original 
and independent treatises by eminent names, 
as, for example, " The Theory of Ethics " by 
Professor Edward Caird of Glasgow, and "The 
Theory of Knowledge" by James Ward of 
Cambridge, who wrote the article "Psychol- 
ogy " in the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Among 
the historical contributors are such names as 
Professor Andrew Seth (whose critique on 
Hegelianism in his " Hegelianism and Person- 
ality " is one of the marked contributions to 
English philosophical thought of recent years, 
indicating the beginnings of a reaction against 
the ascendancy of T. H. Green), Professor W. 



Wallace and D. G, Ritchie of Oxford, Professor 
William Knight of St. Andrews, N. B., Jame» 
Bonar, Bernard Bosanquet, and Professor Pflei- 
derer of Berlin, who will write on " The Devel- 
opment of Rational Theology since Kant." The 
Library, on the historical side, will deal almost 
exclusively with modern developments in phil- 
osophy. Erdmann's " History" and the entire 
series should be in the library of every college 
that pretends to make serious work of philoso- 
phy, or indeed to deal with it at all ; individ- 
uals with philosophical interests will need no 
urging, and will be only thankful to Professor 
Hough and Professor Muirhead for the rich 
treasui*es thus brought, or to be brought, to 
their doors. William M. Salter. 



Thk Closing Years of the Irisk 
Parliament.* 



In the concluding sentence of the sixth vol- 
ume of his " History of England in the Eight- 
eenth Century," Mr. Lecky uses these words : 

" I propose to devote the last volume of this work to 
a history of the closing years of the Irish Parliament ; 
of the great rebellion which it e nc o uuter ed; and of tlie 
Act of Union hy which it was finally destroyed." 

This promise is now fulfilled ; but instead of 
one volume, the subject with which the author 
proposed to end his history has required two 
— ^the seventh and eighth of the series. They 
are wholly devoted to the history of Ireland 
from the year 1793 to the year 1800, when 
the Act of Union merged the legislature of 
that country in the Imperial Parliament of 
Great Britain. In his Preface, Mr. Lecky 
apologizes for the unexpected length of this 
part of his work, as follows : 

<* I had hoped to do this in the compass of a single 
moderate volume, but a more careful examination haa 
convinced me that in order to do justice to this event- 
ful period of Irish history it is necessary to treat it on 
a larger scale. ... It will be objected that the 
addition of two long volumes to the large amcNmt of 
Irish history already contained in this book has com* 
pletely destroyed the proportion of my work. It must^ 
however, be remembered that the present volumes form 
in reality a supplementary history, dealing with Irish 
affairs during eight eventful years which are not com- 
prised in my English narrative. In Irish history . . . 
it is not difficult to select on either side the materials 
of a very effective party narrative. I have endeavored 
to wi*]!te this history in a different spirit. Perhaps 
another generation may be more capable than the pres- 
ent one of judging how far I have succeeded." 

I think no one will deny that this endeavor of 

» England in the Eiohtbenth Century. By Williain 
Edward Hartpole Lecky. Vols. VII. and VIII. New York: 
D. Appleton & Co. 



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the historian to write in a non-partisan spirit 
has been well sustained and successfully car- 
ried out. Mr. Lecky certainly impresses his 
reader with his fairness and impartiality when 
treating of the many vexed questions which 
are met in following out the course of the rela- 
tions between England and Ireland. In ap- 
portioning the blame to be attributed to the 
one side or the other, in awarding the meed of 
praise and approval without reference to pos- 
sible bias, and in summing up the case in all 
its aspects and phases, his language is always 
such as the judge on the bench might be ex- 
pected to use, and never, or certainly most 
rarely, takes the tone of the advocate cham- 
pioning one particular side. But though he 
who reads these final volumes, coming to them 
without previous prejudice, will, to even a 
greater degree than in studying the earlier 
part of the work, feel sure when he reaches 
the end that Mr. Lecky has tried to do jus- 
tice to the acts and opinions, motives and con- 
victions of all who took part in the drama, he 
will be no less sure that however wild and far 
natical the Irish rebels may have been in their 
aims and deeds, however t^niel and bloodthirsty, 
however unreasoning and led by prejudice, the 
English Government must bear the greater 
share of responsibility for the genesis and de- 
velopment of the Rebellion of 1798, on account 
of its breach of all faith in regard to expecta- 
tions excited and hopes raised, if not to pledges 
actually given and assurances made. 

In 1793 and 1794, as is very evident from 
.the authorities with which the pages of this 
work are full — authorities which, it is claimed, 
have never before been available or used, — 
had the Viceroy, Lord Fitzwilliam, been sus- 
tained by the King and the English Cabinet, 
and allowed, as he believed and asserted he 
was to be allowed, to frankly accept the meas- 
ure brought forward in the Irish Parliament 
for repeal of the Catholic disabilities, and the 
measures which would have resulted therefrom, 
the disaffection would gradually have disap- 
peared, and the country would have been far 
more likely to advance in prosperity and wealth, 
in patriotism and loyalty, in civilization and 
happiness. Mr. Lecky writes : 

" For at least fifteen years before this [the recall of 
Fitzwilliam] occurred, the country had been steadily 
and incontestably improving. Religious animosities ap- 
peared to have almost died away. Material prosperity 
was advancing vrith an unprecedented rapidity. . . . 
With the removal of the few remaining religious disa- 
bilities, a settlement of tithes, and a moderate reform 
of Parliament, it still seemed probable that Ireland, 



under the guidance of her resident gentry, might have 
contributed at least as much as Scotland to the pros- 
perity of the Empire. But from the day when Pitt 
recalled Lord Fitzwilliam, the course of her history was 
changed. Intense and growing hatred of England, re- 
vived religious and class animosities, a savage rebellion 
savagely repressed, a legislative union prematurely and 
corruptly carried, mark the closing years of the eight- 
eenth century; and after ninety years of direct British 
government the condition of Ireland is universally rec- 
ognized as the chief scandal and the chief weakness of 
the Empire." 

These words are an epitome of the whole story. 
With the appointment of Lord Camden, who 
succeeded Fitzwilliam, the government of the 
island, under the dictation of the English cab- 
inet, and by means of a parliament from which 
Grattan, the greatest Irishman of his time, had 
withdrawn, and which was completely subserv- 
ient to the executive, entered on a policy which 
speedily reawakened sectarian hate and suspi- 
cion, and drove the organizations of the Defend- 
ers and the United Irishmen to coalesce ; a 
policy which spread confusion and lawlessness 
through the country, and culminated in a rebel- 
lion which just failed of success, owing to the 
mistakes of the French contingents who were 
expected to -support the insurgents, and to the 
winds and waves of ocean, which, as in the 
days of the Spanish Armada, seemed indeed 
to fight for England. 

In the early stages of conspiracy, the most 
disappointed portions of the people seem to 
have been the Presbyterians of the north, who, 
strongly tainted with republicanism and the 
doctrines of Thomas Paine, had warmly sym- 
pjathized with the Americans in their struggle 
for independence, and looked to France and 
the French revolutionists as models. But as 
time passed, the views of these portions of the 
people underwent a change, — influenced, it 
may be, by the Orange movement, which was 
violently Protestant and encouraged and fos- 
tered the reawakened religious animosities, and 
influenced later by disapproval of the course 
which the French government was pursuing 
toward Switzerland and the United States. 
The change was so marked that when the 
schemes and plots broke out into open hostili- 
ties, Ulster, the stronghold of Presbyterian 
dissent, remained almost entirely quiescent, 
and the rebellion was confined almost wholly 
to the middle parts of the island. Even there 
it does not seem to have been inspired by any 
exalted sentiments of patriotism or a desire for 
independence, but merely by sectarian hate 
and the grinding su£Perings produced by unjust 
and discriminating laws, and by a cruel repress- 



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ive tyranny, which harried the lower classes of 
the inhabitants, burning their homes and tor- 
turing their bodies. The chapters which tell 
of the period of active hostilities are of absorb- 
ing interest, and in them the various acts of 
the drama are placed with vivid distinctness 
before the reader. Yet here, as in all other 
parts of his work, Mr. Lecky does not hesitate 
to speak in high terms of the abilities and mo- 
tives of the actors, whether on the side' of the 
insurgents or in the ranks of the government ; 
and when recounting acts of lawlessness and 
savagery he does not fail to state the provoca- 
tions which called them forth, and should be 
regarded as palliating them. Indeed, it is only 
by the most careful reading that one can hope 
to find out the individual opinion of the his- 
torian, so thoroughly does he seem to sink 
his individuality in the role of a narrator of 
events. 

The Rebellion of 1798 was hardly over, the 
complete pacification by an overwhelming mil- 
itary force was not yet thoroughly accom- 
plished, when the English Government brought 
forward and undertook to carry through the 
measure of legislative union with England, 
toward which it almost seems as if the double- 
dealing policy which had had so much to do 
in bringing about the civil war had been con- 
stantly and consciously leading, as indeed has 
often been charged by Irish writers of the op- 
position. When the measure was first brought 
forward by Cornwallis and Castlereagh, no 
portion of the population desired it or consid- 
ered it a wise or safe measure for that time ; 
yet notwithstanding this it was carried through, 
by the most corrupt means, although with the 
greatest difficulty — the government being ac- 
tually defeated in the parliament of 1799. 
Bribery was unblushiugly resorted to, peerages 
were created, promotions made, places and even 
money given to those who could be purchased. 
The cabinet in England had decided that the 
union was to be a Protestant union ; but the 
Catholic clergy were induced to advocate it, 
and the Catholic population to make no objec- 
tion, by arguments which amounted to assur- 
ances, and which there is every reason to be- 
lieve Corpwallis and Pitt both meant to be 
understood as assurances and pledges, that a 
repeal of all Catholic disabilities and griev- 
ances would speedily be granted by an impe- 
rial parliament. Yet these assurances were 
most basely left unfulfilled, through the obsti- 
nacy and narrow-mindedness of a half -mad 
king, dominating the honest judgment and sin- 



cere convictions of a prime minister who, for 
the sake of office, seems to have stifled his own 
better sense of what was right and wise. The 
result has been — what might have been fore- 
seen, and what the opponents of the union gave 
warning that it would be — that after ninety 
years, to use Mr. Lecky's words, — 
"The political condition has certainly not improved, 
and the difficulty of Irish government has not dimin- 
ished. . . . The union has not made Ireland either 
a loyal or a united country. The two nations that in- 
habit it still remain distinct. Political leadership has 
largely passed into hands to which no sane and honora- 
ble statesman would entrust the task of maintaining 
law, or securing property, or enforcing contracts, or 
protecting loyal men, or supporting in times of diffi- 
culty and danger the interests of the Empire." 

A review of Mr. Lecky's great work ought 
not to be ended without a protest against the 
very indifferent, not to say discreditable, form 
in which this history is presented to the Amer- 
ican reader. While the print is good, it is the 
only part of the book that is at all satisfactory. 
The volumes are clumsy, and the margins mean; 
and the general appearance of the work is far 
below the usually high standard of the house 
which publishes it. It is to be hoped that the 
English edition is more in consonance, in a]>- 
pearance and workmanship, with the import- 
ance of the subject matter. 

William Eliot Fl^rness. 



Modern Uses of Electricity.* 



The time was, not many years since, when 
popular knowledge of electrical phenomena was 
limited to the meagre information obtainable 
from a common friction machine, a leyden jar, 
and a spangled tube, exhibited by the travel- 
ling showman ; and the only widely-known ap- 
plication of electricity was the electric tele- 
graph. The electric arc light, produced by a 
Bunsen or Grove battery, was a novelty wit- 
nessed only by the few who were fortunate 
enough to secure the rare opportunity. The 
telephone was not even a vision at this period, 
which is still within the remembrance of the 
young ; and the incandescent light had not yet 
been thought of by the Wizard of Menlo Park. 

The modem period of inventive activity in 
the marvellous applications of electricity was 
inaugurated by the invention and public exhi- 
bition of the telephone in 1876, the year of our 
National Centennial. About the same time tlie 

* Electricity in Daily Lifk. New York : Charles Scrib- 
ner*8 Sons. 



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subdivision of the electric arc became a fait 
(iccompli^ largely through the inventive genius 
of Mr. Brush ; and in five years several sys- 
tems of incandescent electric lighting were 
claimants for public favor at the Paris Expo- 
sition of Electricity. Since then, electricity has 
entered into the affairs of our daily lives with 
a rapidity entirely in keeping with its charac- 
ter ; now no large city building is without its 
electric lights, and no modern house can lay 
any claim to completeness without its electric 
bells, its burglar-alarm, and, at the least, its 
electric ga»-lighting apparatus. 

The larger way in which electricity enters 
into modem public appliances in street-lighting 
and the transmission of power has created a 
new branch of engineering, which has already 
become an equal competitor with the older ones 
of civil, mechanical, and mining engineering. 
The important services rendered by electricity 
and the dangers attending its use create the 
demand and accent the necessity for public in- 
telligence respecting its laws and properties. 
Journals devoted exclusively to electricity do 
not perform the function of public education ; 
they appeal to the professional and scientific 
classes, whose duties or inclinations have al- 
ready made them more or less familiar with 
electrical phenomena and inventions. It is 
most fortunate and timely, then, that literary 
periodicals have assumed the task of public 
enlightenment and the satisfaction of a lauda- 
ble curiosity to understand some of the inter- 
esting methods by means of which electricity 
has become the servant of man both in peace 
and war. 

" Electricity in Daily Life" is the outgi'owth 
of a series of fascinating articles written for 
" Sci'ibner's Magazine " by specialists. Each 
writer is thoroughly conversant with his sub- 
ject, and has not learned it from books only. 
Professor Brackett of Princeton writes the lead- 
ing chapter, and deals with general principles 
and the facts underlying methods of electrical 
measurement. He seizes on the salient points 
of electrical action, and explains them in a 
genuinely scientific and popular way. This 
paper lays the foundation for the more specific 
topics following. 

Mr. F. L. Pope describes " The Electric 
Motor and its Applications." His chapter is 
nearly all historical, and exhibits the evolution 
of the modern electric motor, from the toy-like 
mechanism of Faraday and Henry for produc- 
ing motion by the agency of electricity, to the 
electric railway motor of the present. 



" The Electric Railway of To-day " is the 
subject of Mr. Joseph Wetzler, one of the ed- 
itors of the New York " Electrical Engineer." 
The perusal of this interesting chapter by any 
intelligent person cannot fail to put him in 
possession of all the essential details of the 
electric railway. There are already several 
hundred electric railways in the United States, 
carrying thousands of passengers daily ; and 
while danger from the currents (or voltage) 
employed for this purpose is quite remote, it 
is certainly the part of wisdom for intelligent 
people to make themselves familiar with the 
electrical and mechanical features involved in 
the system. 

"Electricity in Lighting" could not have 
found an abler exponent than President Henry 
Morton of the Stevens Institute of Technology. 
One finds one's self carried along through the 
historical and mechanical details of this sub- 
ject with the firmness and grasp that indicate 
the master. The history of electric lighting 
is confined to the present century; but so 
numerous and active have been the workers 
in this field that the literature of the subject 
is already voluminous, and a number of dis- 
tinct and more or less independent systems 
must be described. Electric arc lighting, elec- 
tric incandescent lighting, lighting by means 
of storage batteries, and incandescent lighting 
by alternating current machines and transform- 
ers, furnish topics enough for a treatise instead 
of a single chapter of a book. 

The telegraph is an old subject, but " The 
Telegraph of To-day " has many new and in- 
teresting features, as describe<l by Mr. C. L. 
Buckingham, attorney and counsel for the 
Western Union Telegraph Company. These 
include the printing telegraph, instruments for 
stock quotations, automatic systems of trans- 
mission, the train telegraph by induction, and 
submarine transmission and testing. 

In appropriate juxtaposition to Mr. Buck- 
ingham's chapter is one on " The Making and 
Laying of a Cable," by Herbert Laws Webb, 
one of the staff of the Metropolitan Telephone 
Company. The voyage of a cable-laying ship 
is described, and the chapter reads like a tale 
of the sea. It roust certainly be a surprise to 
the public to learn that no less than thirty- 
seven vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage 
of about 54,600 tons, comprise the cable fleet 
of the world. The North Atlantic alone is 
crossed by eleven cables, all laid since 1870 ; 
and the submarine telegraph system of the 
world consists of more than 120,000^autica] * 

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miles of cable. In laying these, the bed of 
the ocean has been explored with great care, 
and the cables have been located on such lines 
as to avoid being sawn asunder by sharp crags, 
or torn in twain by festooning fi*om submarine 
rocky cliiBFs. So accurately is the course of 
each cable defined that if a break or fault oc- 
curs it can be located electrically from the 
shore, and a repair-ship proceeds directly to 
the spot indicated, and, grappling the cable, 
lifts it to the surface of the ocean. During 
the process of repairing a fault over nine hun- 
dred miles from land recently, the cable-ship 
sighted and recognized a vessel speeding west- 
ward. The instruments were at once attached 
to the cable, and the news flashed to New York, 
announcing the passage of the liner on its voy- 
age landward. 

The subjects of the two following chapters, 
" Electricity in Land and Naval Warfare," are 
full of interest, especially to the electrician ; 
but they appeal less directly, perhaps, to the 
popular mind than the chapter on " Electricity 
in the household," by Mr. A. E. Kennelly, 
Mr. Edison's chief electrician. 

Dr. Starr's chapter on " Electricity in Re- 
lation to the Human Body " closes the book. 
It is a matter for genuine congratulation of 
the public that electro-therapeutics has now 
been taken from the hands of quacks and char- 
latans, and is recognized as an integral part 
of a medical education. It is true that very 
much remains to be done to insure thorough 
scientific knowledge of electrical laws and phe- 
nomena on the part of practicing physicians 
and medical teachers. Very much more than 
the therapeutic properties of electrical cur- 
rents must be mastered by the practitioner and 
medical teacher in order to insure for electric- 
ity its proper place as a curative agent. On 
the other hand, it should not be permissible to 
apply it as a remedial agent except in the 
hands of a duly qualified physician. 

That the medical profession does not keep 
up with the march of the science of electricity 
is illustrated by some points in Dr. Starr's ar- 
ticle, to which it may be permissible to draw 
attention. Why should physicians persist in 
calling current electricity " Galvanism " ? or 
induced electricity ''Faradism" ? or why should 
it be the universal practice among them to speak 
of the currents from the secondary of an induc- 
tion coil as " Faradic currents" ? It has prob- 
ably not occurred to them that electricians do 
not apply this proper adjective to the currents 
which make the glow-lamps shine in the alter- 



nating system. And yet they are produced in 
a way nearly identical with the physician's 
"Faradic currents." 

The caution urged by Dr. Starr against 
touching a wire used in electric lighting would 
be of more value if it were more discriminat- 
ing. The reason given is that " the currents 
used in lighting are several hundred times 
greater than those which can safely be applied 
to the body." But the fact remains that the 
incandescent system, which involves much the 
largest currents, is the safest to handle, — in 
fact, is not in the least dangerous ; while are- 
light circuits, though carrying relatively small 
currents, are the exceedingly dangerous ones. 
The dangerous system is the one employing 
high voltage ; but this feature Dr. Starr takes 
no account of. Nor does it follow at all that 
a wire at a high voltage, or one carrying a large 
current, is dangerous to the touch. Whether 
or not a dangerous current will pass through 
the body depends entirely upon other circum- 
stances. The potential, or voltage, of a wire 
must be high to be dangerous. The wire may 
not be dangerous to touch even then, but it is 
certainly the part of wisdom to let it alone 
unless one has the technical knowledge to he 
certain that it is not dangerous. 

The illustrations of this large and handsome 

volume are numerous and helpful, and the 

typography and presswork are all that could 

be desired. tt o /^ 

H. S. Carhart. 



Fraxcis Daxa Hemexway.* 



So modest in spirit and so limited by frail 
health was the late Dr. Hemenway that his rare 
qualities as a man of letters are too little kno^n. 
From his early years he indulged in a wide 
range of reading, and all that is best iu the 
literature of all lands and ages passed through 
the alembic of his mind leaving no residuum of 
base material, but distilled by the pure flame 
of his appreciation into an atmosphere in which 
he consciously lived and into which others en- 
tered when they came near him. " His wonls 
were showers of pearls," says one of his pup3s, 
" a few of which we saved." " He recognized 
that no two words are exactly synonymous, and 
his selection seemed a little less than the choice 



•The Life and Selected Writinos of Francis Dana 
Hemenwat, late Professor of Hebrew and Biblical Litentare 
in the Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Illinois. By Cbas. 
F. Bradley, Amos W. Patten, and Charles M. Stuart. 
Cincinnati and Chicago : Cranston & Stowe. 



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of a conscience profoundly impressed with the 
moral quality of speech." 

Concentration was the secret of the great life- 
work which he accomplished at the early age 
of fifty-three. The throne of his power was the 
professor's chair, and all his gifts and graces 
and requirements were perfectly subordinated 
to the work of teaching, to which he was de- 
voted at Evanston for more than a quarter of 
a century. Professor Bradley has well fulfilled 
the task of biographer in his too brief sketch. 
The practical side of life with Dr. Hemenway 
was never disjoined from his high qualities as 
thinker, writer, and teacher. His letter to his 
elder son, who had chosen the profession of 
medicine, is a model of practical advice, and de- 
serves to become a classic for its high ideal, its 
breadth of view, and its choice of expression. 

As a theologian, Dr. Hemenway, while loyal 
to the church of his choice, seemed incapable 
of prejudice. He breathed an ^^ unsectarian 
air " and rejoiced in the beams of the ^^ catholic 
sun." The selections from his sermons and ad- 
dresses show, more than anything we find else- 
where, the virile qualities of his thinking and 
the beauty of his character. He " discovers the 
very joints and cleavage of the truth," and finds 
error as though he were gifted with Ithuriel's 
spear. Perfect self-devotion to the truth is the 
key to his character, and his teaching is en- 
forced by his example as well as by his thorough- 
ness of thought, his clear analysis, his delicacy 
of treatment and application, and the gleams of 
humor and the flashes of kindly sarcasm which 
liglit his pages. It is to be regretted that a life 
so affluent in thought and utterance should be 
represented in a limited selection of his dis- 
courses by some which contain repetitions. 

**Dr, Hemenway's life was set to music," 
writes a contributor to these reminiscences. His 
poetical temperament, his religious nature and 
his exquisite taste led him to become an emi- 
nent hynmologist. It is matter for congratu- 
lation to all lovers of lyric poetry that the lec- 
tures on hymnody which he had finished are 
here published, and of regret that the projected 
work of which they were to form a part nmst 
forever remain incomplete. No man was ever 
more free from pedantry. The reader quite 
escapes the rubbish sometimes found in works of 
similar plan, and gains the nice discrimination, 
the independent thought, and the spiritual ap- 
preciation which render this part of the work a 
delight. It is enriched with notes of perma- 
nent value by Mr. Stuart. Mrs. Hemenway 
sums up in a single sentence all she desired said 



of her own life, which fitly appears as her me- 
morial on the last page of her husband's biog- 
raphy. It must suggest to every reader the loss 
which has fallen on the world since it misses a 
household of which such a husband and wife 
were the head. Minerva B. Norton. 



Briefs ox New Books. 



Professor John Earle's handsome volume of 
530 pages, entitled ^^ English Prose : Its Elements, 
History, and Usage " (Putnam), is somewhat of a 
new departure in the treatment of that subject, and 
is admirable both in conception and execution. Un- 
like Blair and Campbell, who deal mainly with the 
rhetorical graces of composition, or Herbert Spen- 
cer when he seeks to evolve the whole structure of lit- 
erary diction out of a single maxim, our author pre- 
scribes the culture of English diction as a means of 
attaining improved habits of thought. Therefore 
something deeper is required than the effort of su- 
perficial imitation, and his first endeavor is to col- 
lect and group the most elementary and fundamental 
data of the subject. English being a language that 
has been g^reatly influenced by other languages, es- 
pecially by Latin and French, the secret of know- 
ing English consists in discerning how much of orig- 
inal remains unaffected. Superstructure is more 
conspicuous than basis, and it is easier to see the 
effects of foreign influence than it is to recognize 
the stubborn rock of vernacular idiom. Accord- 
ingly, the first four chapters of the book are ana- 
lytic, and deal with such subjects as ^^ Choice of 
Expression," " The Import of Grammar," " Bear^ 
ings of Philology," etc. English having a much 
larger stock of words than any other language that 
ever existed in the world, word-choosing must have 
a peculiarly important place in the practice of En- 
glish composition. To write EngHsh weU, a man 
must be completely in touch with the English vo- 
cabulary, and one of the most useful exercises tow- 
ard that acquirement is to study the three main 
divisions of English words, corresponding to the 
great eras of our literary history. In illustration, 
the author g^ves thirty pages of words, arranged in 
three parallel columns, headed respectively Saxon, 
Romanic, Latin, and urges that no writer can af- 
ford to dispense iivdth some such exercise, continu- 
ously carried on as a part of his professional driU, 
whereby he learns to feel the difference between 
words of similar definition, to know their taste and 
savor, and to perceive the effect each will have on 
the context. Even more interesting than these an- 
alytical chapters are those which follow concerning 
the constructive elements of English Prose. Pro- 
fessor Earle agrees with Coleridge and Matthew 
Arnold in regarding the distinction between poetry 
and prose as something more than a merely super- 
ficial and accidental difference of form, being seated 
in the nature of things. Prose is the lit^a^ evo- 

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lution of conversation, as poetry is the literary evo- 
lution of singing. Nevertheless, prose diction should 
hold itself as far removed from the depressions of 
the colloquial on the one hand as from the eleva- 
tions of poetry on the other. Its first requirement 
is elevation ; the study of the poets is good disci- 
pline, yet " poetical prose " is to be avoided. A 
second great point of distinction between prose and 
poetry is in respect to lucidity. Poetry may be 
transparent or it may be obscure, according to the 
genius of the poet, since poetry appeals chiefly to 
the imagination ; but prose mtist be lucid to fulfil 
its office and furnish an instrument of communica- 
tion between mind.and mind. Variation is the third 
desideratum of a good prose diction, and one which 
should pervade every part — words, phrases, idioms, 
sentences. The author combats both the short-word 
and the short-sentence fallacies as specifics for good 
writing, and insists that the only inile is to be loyal 
to thought, and to subserve the thought with a di- 
versity of form answerable to the copious variety 
of its nature. Thus has come that latest advance 
and leading characteristic of modern prose, the de- 
velopment of the paragraph. To his mastery of 
the form of the paragraph Macaulay owes his wide 
popularity, and here he is facile pHnceps of all 
modem English writers. The newspaper press has 
done much to perfect this modern feature of prose 
writing. Even in the historical portions of this 
subject, a field which has been so thoroughly tilled 
that it would seem almost impossible to say any- 
thing new, Professor Earle departs from the lead 
of his predecessors. It has been customary to speak 
of our prose literature as dating from the sixteenth 
centuiy, and to treat earlier specimens as chance, 
sporadic things, freaks of nature that in some way 
or other are exceptional and do not count. He in- 
sists, however, that we possess a longer pedigree of 
prose literature than any other country in Europe, 
and that if we seek to trace it up to its starting- 
point we are not brought to a stand until we have 
mounted up to the very earliest times, past the 
threshold of English Christianity out into the hea- 
then times beyond, and are close up to the first 
struggles of the invasion. Not all of this stream 
of history is of equally ready application to living 
usage, however, there being certain epochs at which 
the language has culminated into a standard which 
has retained its literary value for generations and 
for centuries. These great points of culmination 
are three — namely, the tenth, the fifteenth, and the 
eighteenth centuries ; and on these he concentrates 
his attention. The tenth century marks the first 
great epoch, because then English prose reached a 
certain pitch of youthful ripeness, vigor, and inge- 
nuity, and exhibited with g^eat distinctness the ele- 
mentary types of prose diction. This individuality 
was retained for more than a century and a half, 
and accordingly there is no exercise so worthy to 
be recommended as translation to and fro between 
old English and modern English. In the age which 
built up the second culmination, the materials for 



English prose are to be found in the poets, and more 
especially in Chaucer. The third culmination found 
its most representative writer in Samuel Johnson, 
whom Professor Earle rates as "unapproachably 
and incomparably the best of all models from which 
the spirit of genuine, true, and wholesome diction is 
to be imbibed." Every student, and especially every 
literary worker, will welcome this scholarly work by 
the Rawlinsonian Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the 
University of Oxford, since it is true, as he says, 
" whereas our Poetry has called forth a guccession 
of critical literature from the times of Elizabeth 
until now, no like attention has been paid to English 
Prose." 

Ix Mr. Jeremiah Curtin's "Myths and Folk- 
Tales of the Russians, Western Slavs, and Mag- 
yars " (Little, Brown <& Co.), is shown the same 
industry, care, and enthusiasm that has character- 
ized his former work in his chosen field of labor. 
Mythology having already accomplished the mag- 
nificent result of explaining the brotherhood and 
blood-bond of Aryan nations, and their relation to 
tfie Semitic race, there remains for it the yet greater 
mission of demonstrating that there is also a higher 
and mightier bond — a kinship of all created things 
with one another. For this purpose, a seience of 
mythology must be established ; and towards this 
the first and most important step must be the col- 
lecting, from races other than the Aryan and Se- 
mitic, of the old stories in which are embodied their 
beliefs and views of the world. Believing that 
" all myths have the same orig^in and that all run 
parallel to a certain point, which may be taken as 
the point to which the least developed peoples have 
risen," Mr. Curtin spares no pains in his researches 
into the early literature of the chief primitive 
races of the earth. Less than a year has passed 
since the publication of his admirable work on 
" Irish Folk-Lore " ; the present volume adds his 
discoveries among three other important nations, 
while the Polish myth-tales are promised for an 
early date. Thus new stores are furnished not only 
for the student of literature and of history but 
also for the domain of religion, since it is undoubt- 
edly true, as our author claims, that " without 
mythology there can be no thorough understanding 
of any religion on earth, either in its inception or 
its growth." 

Decidedly misnamed is Austin Dobson's " Four 
Frenchwomen" (Dodd), for of the four treated 
the Princess de LambaUe was by birth an Italian, 
Charlotte Corday and Manon Phlipon (afterward 
Mme. Roland) belonged by education among Plu- 
tarch's men of the ancient republics, and Mme. 
de Genlis was a born actress, an intriguing Becky 
Sharp, a moral Proteus who could at will assume 
any age or sex or country or principles. Despite 
certain juvenile faults of style, the book is both 
enjoyable and useful in its way to one who knows 
enough to profit by it and yet does not know too 
much. For the merely English reader, the pages 

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are almost invariably too much besprinkled with 
quotations from the French and other languages. 
Sometimes, indeed, the body of the page is French 
while only the sprinkling is English. Often again 
when the words are English the idiom is still 
French. This is notably Uie case when Mr. Dob- 
son attempts translation, and brings forth such 
hybrid enormities as " her true friends to her,** or 
'* How old is she, your grandchild, Mademoiselle 
Rotisset?'* To balance this blundering, however, 
we have some wit, as where in speaking of Mme. 
Roland*s early reading Mr. Dobson characterizes 
Rousseau as '*the choice dish — the peacock's 
brains — of this mixed entertainment." Persons 
who understand a little French, but have not time 
to read more tlian an epitome of the French 
works on which these papers are based, will find in 
this volume much interesting and brightly-stated 
information, which, though gathered some decades 
ago, is yet reasonably accurate. The account of 
Mme. de Grenlis is based upon her eight volumes 
of memoirs and occupies nearly one-half of Mr. 
Dobson*s little volume of two hundred odd pages ; 
the account of Charlotte Corday is based upon M. 
Huard*8 ^< Memoir" of that lady published in 
1866 and upon her so-called "Political Works" 
published at Caen in 1863 ; that of Mme. Ro- 
land upon the edition of her " Memoirs *' pub- 
lished in 1864 by M. Daubon ; and that of the 
Princess de Lamballe upon her " Life " by M. de 
Lescure, published in the same decade. Thus these 
papers have not profited by the careful investiga- 
tions of the last score of years, and are hardly 
worthy of the present Austin Dobson, however prom- 
ising they may have appeared for the young man he 
was when the articles originally got into print. 

A READABLE sketch of Queen Victoria's first 
Premier and early Mentor, Lord Melbourne, is 
contributed by Dr. Henry Dunckley to Messrs. 
Harpers* series of compact political biographies, 
*'* The Queen*s Prime Ministers.*' While Lord 
Melbourne was not, despite his Premiership, in any 
sense a great man, he bore no inconsiderable share 
in gi*eat events ; and the story of his private life 
is sufficiently piquant to attract readers who might 
shrink from following Dr. Dunckley into the maze 
of British politics. Lord Melbourne, it will be 
remembered, enjoyed the questionable distinction 
of being the husband — the ^' unspeakable husband,'* 
Carlyle might have said — of Byron's Lady Caro- 
line Lamb ; and an amusing chapter is devoted to 
that lady's escapades. In a letter to a friend, Lady 
Caroline thus describes her first meeting with Lord 
!Byron : ^* I was one night at Lady Westmore- 
land's ; the women were all throwing their heads 
at him ; Lady Westmoreland led me up to him, I 
looked earnestly at him, and turned on my heel. 
My opinion in my journal was, ^mad, bad, and 
dangerous to know.' A day or two passed ; I was 
sitting with Lord and Lady Holland, when he was 
announced. Lady Holland said, * I must present 



Lord Byron to you.* Lord Byron said, * That 
offer was made to you before ; may I ask why you 
rejected it ?' He begged permission to come and 
see me. He did so the next day. Rogers and 
Moore were standing by me. I was on the sofa. 
I had just come in from riding. I was filthy and 
heated. When Lord Byron was announced, I flew 
out of the room to wash myself. When I returned 
Rogers said, * Lord Byron, you are a happy man. 
Lady Caroline has been sitting in all her dirt with 
us, but when you were announced she flew to beau- 
tify herself.* ** Having put up with his wife's vaga- 
ries till patience ceased to be a virtue, Lord Mel- 
bourne took steps to secure a separation. The 
final arrangements were made and the parting 
interview was to take place. ** The interview 
lasted so long that his brother thought it right to 
venture in, when he found Lady Caroline seated 
by his side tenderly feeding him with bits of thin 
bread and butter. She had had him to herself for 
one half-hour, and her low caressing voice had 
won a short reprieve." The volumes of this series 
contain portraits and are well printed and bound. 

Volume V. of Macmillan's " Adventure Series" 
— '* The Buccaneers and Marooners of America" — 
should satisfy the most tiniculent reader. The ed- 
itor, Mr. Howard Pyle, has divided his sanguinary 
work into two parts : the first,- a translation of John 
Esquemeling's old history of " Dee Americaenische 
Zee Roovers," written in 1678, and first done into 
English in 1684 ; and the second, **A True Account 
of Four Notorious Pirates — Captains Teach alias 
Blackbeard, Kidd. Roberts, and Avery.'* We have 
read this book with considerable interest. It has 
renewed our acquaintance with several valued 
friends of our youth, and pleasantly recalled a time 
when we ourselves had some thought of hoisting 
the black flag — should opportunity offer. Captain 
Edward Teach alia^ Blackbeard was an especial 
hero with us at that time. In outward appearance 
the Captain was indeed a man to fill the soul of 
boyhood with honest admiration : — " His beard was 
black, which he suffered to grow of an extravagant 
length ; as to breadth, it came up to his eyes. He 
was accustomed to twist it with ribbons, in small 
tails, after the manner of our Ramillie wigs, and 
turn them about his ears. In time of action he 
wore a sling over his shoulders with three brace of 
pistols hanging in holsters like bandaliers, and 
stuck lighted matches under his hat, which, appear- 
ing on each side of his face, his eyes naturally 
looking fierce and wild, made him altogether such 
a figure that imagination cannot form an idea of a 
fury from hell to look more frightful." It is only 
just to record of Captain Teach that he died fight- 
ing like a very Paladin against the minions of law 
and order. " They were now" — says the narrator 
— ^* closely and warmly engaged, the lieutenant 
and twelve men against Blackbeard and fourteen, 
till the sea was tinctured with blood round the ves- 
sel. Blackbeard received a shot into his bp4y from 

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the pistol that Lieutenant Maynard discharged, yet 
he stood his ground, and fought with grreat fury till 
he received five-and-twenty wounds, five of them 
hy shot. At length, as he was cocking another pis- 
tol, having fired several before, he fell down dead." 
Part I. is largely taken up with the adventures of 
Captains Lolonois and Morgan — " Carlislean (s^ic) 
heroes," the editor styles them — the narrator Es- 
quemeling speaking from personal knowledge. The 
volume contains several portraits ; and Mr. Pyle, 
in his Introduction, institutes a sort of freeboot- 
ing expedition of his own against the conventions 
of English composition. 



H. Babcock's 
(Lippincott) 



The two centuries in Mr. W. 
" The Two Lost Centuries of Britain 
are those two which followed the evacuation of 
Britain by the Roman forces for the more pressing 
duty of defending Rome itself from the barba- 
rians of Northern Europe, and during which the 
Saxon conquest of the island was gradually be- 
coming complete. Historically speaking only can 
these centuries be called << lost," for, as Mr. Bab- 
cock himself points out, it is here that ^' the fancy 
of mankind, from Mark the Anchorite to Alfred 
Tennyson, lias lingered as in a dream," here that 
^' the greatest researches have yielded to the spell 
and gone knight-erranting as in no other field." 
Hengist and his beautiful daughter Rowena, Vor- 
tigern the mighty British Chieftain, Ambrose the 
prince of the sanctuary, Greraint the hero of Enid, 
even the great King Arthur himself, all belong to 
this period. But it is romance rather than history 
that has perpetuated their names. Mr. Babcock, 
consulting original authorities and using leg^itimate 
methods for reconstructing the life of the times, 
being master also of an uncommonly picturesque 
and direct style, is fairly entitled to the credit of 
finding his long-lost centuries and restoring them 
to their rightful home in the annals of England in 
the making. The book is occasionally at fault in 
assuiping too ^ much knowledge on the part of the 
reader. If instead of saying " We all know the 
story " or of alluding indirectly to ** the weU-known 
tale," he had paused to recount these, we should 
not need to supplement his book with the encyclo- 
paedia or other reference books, in order to a full 
comprehension of the situation. Nor would this 
have swelled the book unduly or abated any of its 
charms. 



International Copyiught a Fact. 



The final enactment by the United States of an 
International Copyright law is a cause of gratula- 
tion that is not limited to authors and others di- 
rectly interested in literature. It is indeed a great 
triumph for these, and a just reward for their pa- 
tient and resolute struggle. But beyond this, it is 
a triumph of conscience and good morals which 
should be a source of satisfaction to every enlight- 



ened lover of his country. That International 
Copyright is both just and expedient, is a proposi- 
tion which has long been accepted by nearly all civ- 
ilized nations except our own; and perhaps no 
other cause has done more to encourage foreign 
ideas of our crudeness and provincialism as a peo- 
ple than our refusal to accept a principle so weU 
established in both ethics and jurisprudence. A 
certain narrowness of view, and a patriotic jealousy 
of foreign ideas and customs, are of course natural 
to a young and rapidly developing country ; bat 
these things are no longer becoming to a people so 
large and intelligent as our own, with pretensions to 
cosmopolitan influence and culture. The passage 
of this act may therefore be regarded as marking 
a new and hopeful era in our higher national devel- 
opment. 

More important than any of the detailed provis- 
ions of the bill is the fact that it is an affirmation 
by our highest law-making power, doubtless for all 
time, of the broad principle of International Copy- 
right. This principle is so simple and so obviously 
just that there is needed only a little familiarity 
with it to cause wonder that it could ever have 
been seriously denied. It asserts no more than 
that a man's right to the products of his own men- 
tal labor shall not be limited by geographical lines ; 
that an author's property in his writings shall not 
become common spoils outside his own country. 
Such a principle, as has been often shown, is not 
only in accord with sound morals, but is absolutely 
necessary to the fostering and growth of that no- 
blest of a nation's products, its literature. Author^ 
ship is a profession, and those who follow it must 
have the means of livelihood. It is a profession, 
too, which in its very nature subjects all new-comers 
to the most strenuous and all but insuperable com- 
petition. The struggling author, as has been said, 
finds himself competing for popular favor and pat- 
ronage not only with other living authors, but with 
the whole body of authors, living and dead, whose 
books are accessible to buyers. The case is thus bad 
enough, but it is rendered still more desperate by the 
fact that the books of foreign authors, being allowed 
republication in this country without expense for au- 
thor's royalty, can be offered at just so much lower 
prices ; and thus the poor native author finds himself 
working in competition with those who ( involunta- 
rily) work for nothing. The effect has been, as ex- 
pressed by Sir Henry Maine, that << the whole Amer- 
ican community has been condemned to a literary 
servitude unparalleled in the history of thought" 
This disgraceful servitude International Copyright 
will end. It will protect the American autlior from 
such unjust rivaby at home, while extending his mar- 
ket by insuring him the same protection in other 
countries that foreign authors are given in our own. 
This protection will cover, as of course it should, the 
right of an author to choose his publisher anywhere, 
and make his own bargain with him, precisely as he 
does now in his own country. This is simply' allow- 
ing freedom of contract, abroad as well as at home ; 

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and the bugbear of <^ monopoly " has no more basis 
than this. 

A minor but happy incident of this new law wiU be 
the disappearance of such terms as "pirate" and "ban- 
dit," by which publishers who have renounced the 
practice of reprinting foreign books without authors' 
leave characterize those contemporaries who are a lit- 
tle tardy in quitting that time-honored branch of the 
trade. Piracy is not an act sanctioned by law, and it is 
hardly warrantable to call a man a " pirate " who 
conducts a lawful business in a lawful manner. The 
not unfamiliar euphemism, " Business is business," 
though often of dubious morality, may just as well ex- 
cuse this as other objectionable conunercial methods. 
The ethics of trade — ^if , malgrS Herbert Spencer, 
there be such — ^are as yet too crude and unformu- 
lated for such austerity of judgment in business 
affairs ; and the proverbial zeal of recent converts 
is unpleasantly apparent in their severe denuncia- 
tions of others. That " book piracy " has so long 
been practised in America is the fault of the law 
rather than of the publishers ; and the fraternity 
is to be congratulated that the objectionable prac- 
tice and the objectionable term will now disappear 
together. 

The more important details of the new bill are 
given below. Opinions will of course differ as to the 
wisdom of some of its provisions ; but it must be re- 
membered that these are in the nature of things 
experimental, and that experience will show what 
amendments are needed to secure the best practical 
results. The chief thing now is that after fifty years 
of agitation International Copyright is definitely rec- 
ognized by the laws of the United States ; and it is 
at once a promise of brighter days for American lit- 
erature and a triumph for civilization. 

Synopsis of the New Law. 

The new law, which will- go into effect July 1, is in 
the form of amendments to the existing copyright laws 
of the United States. The chief feature is the removal 
of the clause in the old law restricting copyright pro- 
tection to citizens and residents of this country, and its 
extension to the citizens of any country which permits 
or shall hereafter permit to citizens of the United States 
the benefit of copyright on substantially the same basis 
as its own citizens — the existence of this reciprocal con- 
dition in foreign countries to be determined and an- 
nounced by the President of the United States, as oc- 
casion may require. Books of foreign authors must, 
however, be printed from typo set within the limits of 
the United States or from plates made therefrom; and 
the publication of the book in this country must be sim- 
ultaneous with its foreign publication. The act will, 
of course, apply only to books published after it shall 
go into effect, and has uo relation to foreign works pre- 
viously issued. The importation of copyrighted books, 
engravings, cuts, etc., printed abroad is prohibited, ex- 
cept in the case of persons purchasing for use and not 
for sale. The provisions of the act are extended to 
authors or composers of dramatic and musical works, 
and to inventors or designers of maps, charts, engrav- 
ings, cuts, prints, lithographs, photographs, paintings, 
drawings, chromes, and statuary. 



INTELLBCTUAI. PROGRESS AND THE 
WORLrlVS FAIR, 

In such an exhibition as is contemplated in the World's 
Fair at Chicago in 1893, it is of course inevitable that 
chief prominence should be given to material things. 
The fair is, first of all, for the people ; and its success 
must depend on the ability of its managers to make a 
good display of those things in which the people are 
most generally interested. Machinery and inventions, 
agricultural products and appliances, fish and domestic 
animals, strange sights and curiosities, are greater at- 
tractions to the many than exhibits of music or litera- 
ture, or other form of sesthetic art. A picture gallery 
is of course always a prime attraction, and hence its great 
practical value and its prominence in exhibitions for the 
masses. It is for the very reason that the interest in 
literature, for example, is so comparatively limited, that 
the few who recognize its claims must see that they are 
not overlooked. The trite saying that « the chief glory 
of a nation is its literature " seems not yet to have im- 
pressed itself strongly on the minds of the managers of 
the fair. In a publuhed list of fifteen proposed depart- 
ments for the exhibition, the word ** literature " does not 
occur even as a sub-title in any of the rather compre- 
hensive classifications. The omission of course should 
be and will be remedied. Literature had a conspicuous 
display at the last World's Fair at Paris, and the United 
States was fully and creditably represented. Provision 
should be made for a still more ample representation at 
the World's Fair in 1893. The result will be of the 
highest importance to our national literature, and to our 
culture and progress as a people. It is certainly desir- 
able to let the world see that though so largely en- 
grossed in material things, Americans have not wholly 
neglected the concerns of the higher life. A most useful 
factor to this end promises to be found in the World's 
Fair Auxiliary, an organization quite independent of the 
World's Fair, yet working in harmony with it, and having 
in several instances the same officers in its organization. 
It is the purpose of this Auxiliary to hold a series of 
international congresses during the exposition, for the 
purpose of discussing and presenting to the world the 
best results of universal progress in intellectual and 
spiritual affairs. The subjects include education, relig- 
ion, political science and economy, sociology, charitable 
work, literature, art, general and special sciences, phil- 
osophy, and other categories, which are in charge of 
special committees for working out the plans in detail. 
Distinguished men of all countries have been invited to 
become honorary members and participate in the pro- 
ceedings of the congresses ; and many have already ac- 
cepted. The plans of this* Auxiliary are of the most 
comprehensive character, and promise to supplement ad- 
mirably the more material if scarcely more important 
features of the World's Fair. 



Death of Dr. Alexander Winchell. 



The death of Dr. Alexander Winchell, at Ann Arbor, 
Mich., February 19, removed one of the foremost of 
American scientists, educators, and authors. Dr. Win- 
chell was in his sixty-seventh year, having been bom in, 
Dutchess County, New York, in 1824. Graduating at 
Wesleyan University in 1847, he taught for a time in 
various institutions in New Jersey and in the South, and 
in 1853 began what proved to be his life-work, as a 
professor in the University of Michigan. For a time he 



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taught physios and eiTil engineering ; later he held the 
chaLr of geology, zoology, and botany ; and later still, 
that of geology and palfeontology, which was his position 
at the time of his death. His work at the University 
of Michigan was interrupted, though not terminated, by 
a short term as Chancellor of the University of Syracuse 
( N. Y. \ and by a similar connection with the Vander- 
bilt University (Tenn.), from 1873 to 1879. As an 
educator, Dr. Winchell held high rank, and will be af- 
fectionately remembered by thousands who have had the 
benefit of his learned and luminous instruction, especially 
in his favorite branch, geology. He was twice the State 
Geologist of Michigan, was officially connected with the 
U. S. Geological Survey, and at the time of his death 
was President of the American Geological Society. Dr. 
Winchell was an early and efficient worker in the modem 
movement for the popularization of science. He had a 
rare faculty for presenting scientific truths in an en- 
tertaining form for the unscientific reader, and his works 
have had a wide circulation. The titles of his principal 
books are " Sketches of Creation," « Evolution," ," Ge- 
ology of Stars," " Preadamites," "Geological Excur- 
sions," « World Life," and " Sparks from a Geologist's 
Hammer." He was a facile and versatile writer, and 
contributed often to the leading magazines and reviews. 
Of a singularly devout nature and strong religious convic- 
tions, it was perhaps the misfortune of Dr. Winchell that 
he felt called upon to undertake the task, rather thank- 
less in his day, of ** reconciling " religion and science ; 
and though none could doubt his courage and sincerity, 
or be untouched by his spiritual ardor, it was inevitable 
that such a role should lead on the one hand to a certain 
loss of prestige in the school of modem science which 
insists on the absolute freedom of scientific investigation 
heedless of where it leads, and on the other to a certain 
distrust of his soundness in theological and denomina- 
tional circles which had little relish for what seemed 
his apologetic and compromising attitude toward relig- 
ion. That Dr. Winchell was not insensible to this per- 
sonal disadvantage is evident enough from the last paper 
he wrote for The Dial (April, 1890), a review of the 
work of Dr. Howard MacQueary, for which its author has 
just stood trial before a court of his denomination. The 
review, it may be mentioned, showed the strongest sym- 
pathy with tlie views of Dr. MacQueary, and expressed 
the opinion that his work « marks a milestone in the 
prog^ss of humanity — an seonic milestone." Dr. Win- 
chell was one of The Dial's oldest and most valued con- 
tributors, and a keen sense of personal loss is added to 
the regret with, which the close of his distinguished and 
useful career is chronicled. 



TOPIC'S IX LiEADIXG PERIODICAI^S. 

March, 1891, 

Agricultural Education. J. K. Reeve. Lippincott. 

America, Makers of. A. C. McLaughlin. Vial, 

Animals, Goverament among. J. W. Slater. Popular Science, 

Argentine Capital. Theodore Child. Harper. 

Australian Cities. Q. R. Parkin. Century. 

California and McKinley Bill. J. P. Irish. Overland, 

Cements. C. D. Jameaon. Popular Science. 

Century Club. A. R. Macdonongh. Century. 

Chinese Lieak. Julian Ralph. Harper. 

Climate, Adaptation to. M. Menard. Popular Science. 

Commercial Union. Erastus Wiman. North American. 

Crook in the Indian Country. J. 6. Bourke. Century. 

Drama of the Future. Alfred Hennequin. Arena. 

Drunkenness a Crime. H. A. Hartt. Arena. 

Edinburgh's Literary Landmarks. Laurence Hutton. Harper. 

Electricity in Daily Life. H. S. Carhart. Dial. 



England and America. A. C. Coze. Forum, 

£rdmann*s Philosophy. W.M.Salter. Dial. 

Evolution and Morality. C. F. Deems. Arena, 

Formative Inflnenees. Martha J. Lamb. Forum. 

Fremont and MontgmDenr. Joeiah Royoe. Century. 

Er^mont Exploratians. JeniBlMmont. Century, 

Fremont's EzpeditioB. Oentwrv, 

French Actresses. EdouardMi^. C^wto^Mliitm, 

Gettysburg. General Sickles, and others. liorth American, 

God, Freedom, Immortality. Snlhr-Prudhomme. Overland. 

Greeley Letters. Joel Benton. LippincoU. 

Greeting by Gesture. Garrick Mallery. Popular Science. 

Heat, Non-Conduotors of. J. M. Ordway. Popular Science, 

Heredity. H. F. Osbom. Atlantic. 

Home Rule. W. E. H. Lecky. North American. 

Houghton, Lord. Edward G. Johnson. Dial. 

Immigration. Solomon Schindler. Arena. 

Indians in America. J. P. Reed. Cosmopolitan, 

Insanity and Self-Control. W. A. Hammond. North American. 

Irish Parliament's Closing Years. W. E. Furaess. Dial. 

Iron-Workincr Industry. W. F. Dorfee. Popuiar Science. 

Japonica. i^win Arnold. Scribner. 

Jews in Russia. P. G. Hubert, Jr. Forum. 

Johnson's Island. Horaoe Carpenter. Century, 

Koch's Consumption Cure, G. A. Heron. Popular Science. 

Literature, A National. Walt Whitman. North American. 

Literature, Immoral in. Albert Ross. Arena, 

London and American Clubs. £. S. Madal. Scribner. 

Louisbourg, C^^ture of. Francis Parkmah. Atlantic. 

Malungeons. W. A. Dromgoole. Arena. 

Matrimony. Mrs. M. £. W. Sherwood. North American. 

Milwaukee. Charles King. Cosmoj^itan, 

Mount St. Elias. M. B. Kerr. Scribner. 

Municipal Reform. O. S. Teall. Coswiopolitan, 

Music, I^ationali^ in. Francis Korbay. Harper. 

Nationalization oi the Land. J. R. Buchanan. Airena. 

Nicangua Canal. John Sherman. Forum, 

Noto. Japan. Peroival Lowell. Atlantic. 

Old-Age. Walt Whitman. Lippincott. 

Patent System, Our. Park Benjamin. Forum, 

Pond Ornamentation. Samuel Parsons, Jr. Scribner. 

Protestant Missions. Edmund Collins. Cosmopolitan. 

Public Schools, A New PoUcy for. John Baaeom. Forum. 

Railroad Problems. A. T. Hadley. Atlantic. 

Railroads and Governmental Control. W. M. Acworth. Forum 

Rear Guard, TTie. Rose Troup. North American, 

Religious Freedom. Bias Miiller. Forum. 

Rings and Trusts. William Barry. Forum. 

Roman Labor Unions. G. A. Danziger. Cosmopolitan. 

Sandwich Islands. Clans Spreckels. North American, 

San Francisco Parks. C. S. Greene. Overland. 

Shelley the Sceptic. Howard MacQueary. Arena. 

Silver. G. S. Bontwell. Forum. 

Silver Coinage. E. O. Leech. North American, 

Sisal Cultivati<Hi. J. I. Northrop. Popular Science. 

Social Problems. E. E. Hale. Cosmopolitan.. 

Socialistic Tendencies. Wm. Graham. Popular Sdenee, 

Speaker as Premier. A. B. Hart. Atlantic. 

Starving Column, March With. J. M. Jephson. Scribner. 

State Tyrannjr. S. W. Cooper. Popular Science. 

State tnoiversitiee. G. E. Howard. - Atlantic. 

Swiss Referendum.^ W. D. McCraoken. Arena, 

Talleyrand's Memoirs. Century. 

Texas, Camp and Travel in. Dagmar Manager. Overland, 

" The People," Shibboleth of. W. S. Lilly. Forum. 

Tibet and China. W. W. Rockhill. Century. 

Vodu- Worship. A. B. Ellis. Ptwular Science. 

War Correspondent's Life. F. Villiers. Cosmopolitan. 

Whist, American Leads at. N. B. Trist. Harper. 

White, Richard Grant. F. P. Churoh. Atlantic, 

Working Girls' Clubs. Florence Lockwood. Century. 

World's Fair and Intellectual Progress. Dial. 



Books of the Month. 



[The following list includes all books received by Thk Dial 
during the month qf February^ 1891,] 

HISTORY, 
Hannibal: A History of the Art of War among the Cartha- 
ginians and Romans down to the Battle of Pjrdna, lt>8 B.C., 
and an Account of the Second Punic War. By Theodore 
Avrault Dodge, author of " Great Captains." With 227 
UiustrationB, 8vo, pp. 684, gilt top, uncut. HowrhtooL 
Mifflin & Co. $5.00. 



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Appendlcu]» HlstorlSB : or, Slueds of History Hong on a 
Horn. By Fred W. Lucas. With maps, 4to, pp. 216, 
nnout edges. London : Henry Stevens &Son. Net, $7.35. 

The Foundincr of the German Empire by William I . By 
Heinrich von Sybel. Translated hr Marshall Livingston 
Perrin. Ph.D., assisted by Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. In 5 
▼ols. Vol. II., with frontispiece, 8vo, pp. 634. T. Y. 
CrowellACk>. $2.00. 

New York. By Theodore Rooseyelt, author of " The Win- 
ning of the West.^' 12mo, pp. 232. Longmans' '' His- 
tory Towns " Series. Sl.25. 

The Colonies, 14G2-1760« By Reuben Gold Thwutes, 
author of ''Historic Waterways." With four maps, 
16mo« pp. 301. Longmans* "Epochs of American ms- 
toiy." $1.25. 

Woman's Work in America. Edited by Annie Nathan 
Meyer, with an Introduction by Julia Ward Howe. 16mo, 
pp.457. Henry Holt & Ck>. $1.50. 

Seminary Notes on Recent Historical Literature. By 
Dr. H. B. Adams, and others. Syo, pp. 105. Johns 
Hopkins Press. Paper, 50 cents. 

The American Indians. *'01d South Leaflets" for 1890. 
16mo. D. C. Heath <lb Co. Paper, 25 cents. 

BIOGRAPHY. 

The Life, Letters, and Friendships of Richard Monck- 
ton Mllnes, First Lord Houghton. By T. Wemvss Reid. 
With Introduction by Richard Henry Stoddard. With 
two Portraits, 2 vols., Syo. Gassell Publishing Co. $5.00. 

Boswell's Life of Johnson. Including Boswell's Journal 
of a Tour to the Hebrides and Johnson's Diary of a Jour- 
ney into North Wales. Edited by George Birkbeck Hill, 
D.C.L. In 6 vols., illustrated, 8yo, gilt top. Harper A 
Bios. $10.00. 

further Records (1848-1888). A Series of Lettets by 
Frances Anne Kemble, forming a Sequel to ** Records <tt 
a Girlhood " and " Records of Later Life." With Por- 
trait, 12mo, pp. 380. Henry Holt & Co. $2.00. 

Pericles, and the Golden Age of Athens. By Evelyn Abbott, 
M.A., author of "A History of Greece.^' With frontis- 
piece, 12mo, pp. 379. Patnam^s *^ Heroes of the Na- 
tions." $1.50. 

Petrarch : A Sketch of his Life and Works. By May Alden 
Ward, author of '' Dante : A Sketch." 16mo, pp. 293. 
Roberts Bios. $1.25. 

Lord Mell>oume. By HeniyDunckley, M A., LL.D. With 
P<Mtrait, 16mo, pp.243. Harper A Brothers. $1.00. 

Alexander Hamilton, the Constructive Statesman. By 
Lewis Henry Boutell. 16mo, pp. 66. Chicago : Privately 
Printed. 

LITERARY MISCELLANY, 

The Correspondence and Public Papers of John Jay, 
First Chief -Justice of the United States, etc. Edited by 
Heniy P. Johnston, A.M. Vol. II., 1781-1782. 8vo, pp. 
452, g^lt top, uncut. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5.00. 

The Oambridflre ShcJLespeare. Edited by William Aldis 
Wright. New edition An 9 vols. Vol. I., 8vo, pp. 520, 
uncut. MacmiHan &. 6o. $3.00. 

A Ouide-Book to the Poetic and Dramatic Works of Robert 
Browning. By George Willis Cooke, author of "' Poets 
and Problems." Crown 8vo, pp. 450, gilt top. Hough- 
ton, MiiBin A Co. $2.00. 

B<nfirllsh Writers : An Attempt toward a History of English 
Literature. By Henry Morley, LL.D. Vol. VI., From 
Chaucer to Caxton. 12mo, pp. 370, gilt top. Cassell 
Publishing Company. $1.60. 

Studies in Literature. By John Morley. 16mo, pp. 347, 
uncut. Macmillan & Co. $1.50. 

Foreign Quotations, Ancient and Modem: A Literary 
Manual. Compiled by John Devoe Belton. 12mo, pp. 
249. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. 

The Oollected Writincrs of Thomas De Quincey. Ed- 
ited by David Masson. New and enlarged edition, in 14 
vols. Vol. XIV., Miscellanea and Index. 16mo, pp. 447, 
uncut. Macmillan & Co. $1.25. 

Poetic and Verse Criticism of the Reign of Elizabeth. 
By Felix E. Schelling, A.M. 8yo, pp. 97. University of 
Penn. Publications. N. D. C. Hodges. $1.00. 

Talks with Athenian Youths. Translations from the 
Charmides, Lysis, Laches, Euthydemus, and Theactetus, 
ofPUto. 12mo,pp. 178. Charies Scribner's Sons. $1.00. 



A Fragment of the Babylonian " Dibbarra" Bpla By 
Iferris Jsstrow, Jr., Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 42. University of 
Penn. Publications. N. D. C. Hodges. 60 cents. 

Tales from Shakespeare's Comedies. By Charles and 
Mary Lamb. Edited, with Notes, by William J. Rolfe, 
Litt. D. Illustrated, 16mo, pp. 269. Harper's '' English 
Classics." 50 cents. 

Old MortaUty. By Sir Walter Scott, Bart. Complete edi- 
tion, with notes and glossary. 16mo, pp. 504. Ginn's 
'* Classics for Children." 70 cents. 

The Ancient Mariner. Annoted by Henry N. Hudson. 
16mo, pp. 21. Ginn<&Co. 

Second Essay on the Earl of Chatham. By T. B. Mao- 
aulay. With Notes and a Sketch of Macaulay's Life. 
16mo, pp. 91. Ginn A Co. 

POETRY. 

The Sisters' Tragedy, with othw Poems. By Thomas 
Bailey Aldrich. 16mo, pp. 108, gilt top. Houghton, 
Mifflin <fe Co. $1.25. 

The Witch of Bn-Dor, and other^ Poems. By Francis S. 
Saltus. With frontispiece portrait. Limited edition, 8vo, 
pp. 330, gilt top, uncut edges. C. W. Moulton. $2.50. 

Women Poets of the Victorian Era. Edited, with an In- 
troduction and Notes, by Mrs. William Sharp. 24mo. 
pp. 295, uncut. **The Canterbury Poets." A. Loveli 
& Co. 40 cents. 

Btohlnffs in Verse. By Charles Lemuel Thompson. 16mo, 
pp. 147, gilt top. A. D. F. Randolph <& Co. $1.25. 

Odd SpeU Verses. By H. W. Holley. 12mo, pp. 188. C. 
W. Moulton. $1.25. 

Bohemia, and other Poems. By Isabella T. Aitken. 16mo, 
pp. 160, gilt top. J. B. Lippinoott Co. $1.00. 

Dramatic Sketches and Poems. By Louis J. Block. 
16mo, pp. 220, gilt top. J. B. Oppincott Co. $1.00. 

An BSaster Oarol. By Phillips Brooks. Illustrated in color, 
4to. E. P. Dutton <& Co. Torchon, $1.00. 

Sonirs of the Spirit. By Isaac R. Baxley, an£hor of *'The 
Temple of Alanthur.'^ 24mo, pp. 100. C. W. Moulton. 

Cabin and Plantation Sonars, as sung by the Hampton 
Students. Arranged bv Thomas P. Fenner and Freder- 
ick G. Rathbun. Enlarged edition, with frontispiece, 
8vo, pp. 125. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Paper, 50 cents. 

Comedies by Alfred De Musset. Translated and edited, 
with an Introduction, by S. L. Gw3mn. 16mo, pp. 199, 
uncat. A. Loveli & Co. 40 cents. 

FICTION. 

A Sappho of Green Sprinfis, and other Stories. By Bret 
Harte. 16mo, pp. 294. Houghton, Mifflin <& Co. $1.25. 

In the Qheerinir-up Business. Bv Marv Catherine Lee, 
author of ** A Quaker GKrl of Nantucket." 16mo, pp. 
322. Houghton, Mifflin <& Co. $1.25. 

Stand Fast, Crplg-Boyston I By William Black, author 
of ''Prince Fortunatus." Illustrated, 12mo, pp. 429. 
Harper & Bros. $1.25. 

Told after Supper. By Jerome K. Jerome. Illustrated 
by Kenneth M. Skeaping. 12mo, pp. 169. Henry Holt 
<&Co. $1.00. 

A Child's Romance. By Fierre Loti, author of "• Rarahu." 
Translated from the French by Mrs. Clara Bell. 18mo, 
pp.284. W. S. Gottsbeiger & Co. $1.00. 

Cassell's Sunshine Series— New volumes : The Man with 
a Thumb, by W. C. Hudson (Barclay North) ; A Mvs- 
tery, translated from the French of Mme. Henry Gr^vflle 
bv Anna Dyer Page ; Tin-Tvpes taken in the Streets of 
New York, by Lemuel Ely Quigg. Per vol., 50 cents. 

Lippincotf s Ameiloan Noyels— New volumes : The Ro- 
mance of a Spanish Nun, by Alice Montgomery Baldv ; 
Two Soldiers, and Dnnraven Ranch, by Capt. Charles 
King, U.S.A. Per vol., 50 cents. 

Harper's Franklin Square Library— New volume : The 
Great Taboo, by Grant Allen. 40 cents. 

Loyell's International Seriee— New volume: Urith, by 
S. Baring^Sonld. 50 cents. 

Lovell's Series of Foreiini Literature — New volume: 
Scum, by Valdes, with Introduction by Edmund Gosse. 
50 cents. 

Worthinffton's Rose Library— New volume : Was it Love ? 
by Paul Boniget, translated by Cowden Curwen, illus- 
trated. 50 cents. 



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Lovell'B American Authors' Series— New yolmne : Pan- 
line, by Julian Hawthorne. 50 cents. 

Lovell's Westminster Serlee^New volames : Under the 
Deodars, by Rudyard Kipling ; Merry, Merry Boys, by 
B. L. Farjeon ; llie Light that Failed, by Rndyard Kip- 
ling. Per Yol., 25 cents. 

JUVENILE, 

Angela : A Sketch. By Alice Weber, aathor of ** At Sixes 

andSeyens.'* Illustrated, pp. 201. £. P. Dntton <& Co. 

$1.25. 
Old Graneer : The Story of a Roueh Boy. Bv William O. 

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Grrafton . . . Hanssamen & Hamilton 
Grand Forks . F. W. Iddings. 
Jamestown . . Wonnenberg <& Avis. 

Ohio. 

Alliance . . . I. C. Milbum. 

Ashtabula . . H. M. Hickok <& Co. 

Buc^rus . . . Farquhar Bros. 

Cadiz .... N. A. Hanna. 

Cleveland . . W. A. Ingham: 

Cleveland . . Taylor. Austin Co. 

Columbus . . A. H. dmythe. 

Dayton . . . William C. Mayer. 

Fmdlay . . . D. C. Connell. 

Gallon . . . L. K. Reisinger <& Co. 

Kenton . . . L. J. Demarest. 

Marion . . . C. G. Wiant. 

Oregon. 

Albany . . . Foshay & Mason. 

Astoria . . . Griffin & Reed. 

Portland . . J. K. Gill «fe Co. 

Portland . . Stuart & Thompson. 

Salem . . . T. McF. Patton. 

The Dalles . . I. C. Nickelsen. 

South Dakota. 

. Knight <& Folsom. 

Kemp Brothers. 
. C. O. Natesta. 

Texas. 
. F. T. B. Schermerhoni. 

Utah. 
. J. F. Dorius & Co. 



Dell Rapids 
Pierre . . 
Sioux Falls . 



Fort Worth 



Ephraira 



Washington. 



EUensbm-g . . 

Olympia . . . 

Olympia . . . 

SeatUe . . . 

Spokane Falls . 

Tacoma . . . 

Vancouver . . 

Walla Walla . 



D. W. Morgan. 
M. O'Connor. 
J. Benson Starr. 
Lowman&Hanford Co. 
J. W. Graham & Co. 
Oscar Nuhn. 
James Waggener, Jr. 
Stine Brothers. 



Wisconsin. 






Appleton 
Eau Claire 
Evansviile 
Kenosha 
Menominee . 
Milwaukee 
Oconto . 
Stevens Point . 
Sturgeon Bay . 



C. F. Rose & Co. 
Book & Stationery Co. 
W. T. Hoxie. 
George M. Melville. 
F. D. Johnson. 
T. S. Gray & Co. 
S. W. Ford. 
H. D. McCuIloch Co. 
Louis Reichel. 



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[April, 1891. 



Webster's International Dictionary. 

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